and Young," which is to be issued through the Oxford University Press. Sergeant Arthur Guy Empey has written another book-"First Call”—which Messrs. Putnam's Sons will bring out in January of the new year. His “Over the Top” has sold to the number of 183,000 copies-last counting. The Polish masterpiece “Pan Tadeusz," by Adam Mickiewicz, has been newly translated from the original by George Rapall Noyes, professor of Slavic languages in the University of California. It is to be published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. Tom Kettle, who was one of the conspicuous Irish leaders, has lost his life in battle for England. "The Ways of War," a clear explana- tion of the reasons which led him to fight for England, has been published in this country by Charles Scribner's Sons. One hundred war cartoons by W. A. Rogers, of the “New York Herald,” have been described "One Hundred Reasons Why We Are at War." They have been published under the title of "Amer- ica's Black and White Book” by the Cupples & Leon Co., of New York. Manuscripts as well as people now have their harrowing tales of encounters with the ubiquitous submarine. The manuscript of "Three's a Crowd" arrived at the offices of the Houghton Mifflin Co. PUTNAMSS ThePutnam Bookstore 2west45 st. sve.N.Y. Book Buyers BOOKS as who cannot get satisfactory local service, are urged to establish relations with our bookstore. We handle every kind of book, wherever published. Questions about literary matters answered promptly. We have customers in nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling experience extends over 80 years. 1917] 545 THE DIAL A page The Russian Wolfhound Identifies Borzoi Books 31 THE ART THEATRE By SHELDON CHENEY. A discussion by a man who has been practically every little treatre, or other attempt at an Art Theatre in the United States, and who has been behind the scenes in one for over a year, of the Art Theatre's ideals, its organi- zation and its relation to the commercial theatre. Bound in green Italian boards, art canvas back, stained top, with 16 distinctive illustrations. $1.50 hier 9) A BOOK OF PREFACES By H. L. MENCKEN. Essays on the work of Joseph Conrad, Theodore Dreiser and James Huneker, and a very important paper on PURITANISM AS A LITERARY FORCE, which shows conclusively the alarming power wielded today by our moralists. $1.50 WHAT NEVER HAPPENED By “ROPSHIN." “Ropshin" is a pen-name. The author is really Boris Savinkov, Minister of War in Kerensky's Cabinet, and by many regarded as the coming man in Russia. His novel deals with the most picturesque and stirring aspect of the Russian Revolution—the terror in which he him- self played a conspicuous part and the inside story of which is here told for the first time. $1.60 net INTERPRETERS AND INTERPRETATIONS By CARL VAN VECHTEN. Seven full-length por- traits of such artists Mary Garden, Olive Fremstad, Geraldine Farrar, Yvette Guilbert, and Waslav Nijinsky, whom the author portrays in- timately-though critically-and seven interpreta- tive essays on timely musical subjects. $1.50 For sale at all Bookshops. Send for a complete list of Borzoi Books ALFRED A. KNOPF Publisher NEW YORK as very much battered and water-soaked. of this damaged manuscript is now to be seen at the Annual Exhibition of the National Arts Club in New York. Dr. Frank E. Lutz's acquaintance with insects began when he was a boy roving about the woods and fields in the mountains of Pennsylvania. He is now on the staff of the American Museum of Natural History. His “Field Book of Insects” is announced by G. P. Putnam's Sons. “The Sewanee Review” has just commemorated its twenty-fifth anniversary of service as a serious literary and critical journal. Nearly forty-five percent of its contributions in these twenty-five years have been drawn from the South, so that the journal may well claim to reflect the culture and the life of the southern people. Margaret Hill McCarter, author of "Vanguard of the Plains," a romance of the Santa Fe Trail published by Harper & Brothers, was born on a farm in Indiana. At school she first specialized in Latin, taking up English and history later only by chance. She has taught school, and is now an active citizen of Topeka, Kansas. "The Little Theatre in the United States,” by Constance D'Arcy Mackay, is announced by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. There is a description of each one of sixty "little theatres” with its history, pol- icy, achievement, repertoire, as well as its scenic, lighting, and decorative effects. The book is illus- trated with twenty or more photographs. The Page Co. have the following publications which are attractive as gifts for friends who an- ticipate winter travel: "The Spell of China," by Archie Bell; “Arizona, the Wonderland,” by George Wharton James; “Florida: The Land of Enchantment,” by Nevin O. Winter; and "Oregon the Picturesque,” by Thomas D. Murphy. The Philip Goodman Co., New York, announce the following: “Lager and Old Ale,” by Eugene Lombard, a newcomer in the field of casual essay- ists; a book on women, still unnamed, by H. L. Mencken, of the "Smart Set”; and a book by a "certain famous Englishman” upon whose shoul- ders the company expects to "ride to fame in an hour." The author of "Interior Decoration for Modern Needs" (Stokes) has had a long experience as a practical decorator and as editor of departments of home furnishing in magazines. Her book is designed to meet the average woman's needs, in- cluding the dweller in the city apartments, and she gives advice from the choosing of wall-paper to the placing of the last easy chair by the fireside. The Russell Sage Foundation has issued a timely book, "City and County Administration in Spring- field, Illinois,” by D. O. Decker and Shelby M. Harrison. Springfield is one of the growing num- ber of commission-governed cities; it has the short ballot and a budget system; it furnishes good illustrations of well-managed, municipally owned water and electric-light plants; it has a good ac- counting system. But withal it is hampered by arbitrary restrictions imposed by state laws upon its financial and administrative activities. 218 1 RHYMES PED CROSS MAN ROBERTW SERVICE RE 0 会员​,每一​言​我​是​真是​自驾​,員​資​員 ​RHYMES OF A RED CROSS MAN By ROBERT W. SERVICE Ilustrated by CHARLES L. WRENN "We have been inquiring for the poetry of the War In my judgment, here it is."-Witter Bynner. . Cloth, Illustrated . ... Net $2.00 Morocco, Illustrated . . Net 5.00 BARSE & HOPKINS Publishers New York bare ร 546 (November 22 THE DIAL IF INTERESTED IN American Genealogy and Town History Send for our new Catalogue of over 2500 titles LARGEST STOCK IN THE U. S. The best way to give an idea of McLandburgh Wilson's poems of America at war (Macmillan's) is to present one of them for inspection and here it is: MOVING TIME Your Uncle Sam is busy now, for moving time has come, He packs his good old uniform, his sabre and his drum; He packs the family portraits that have hung upon the wall, George Washington and Lincoln, and his heroes, one and all. GOODSPEED'S BOOK SHOP BOSTON MASS. AUTOGRAPH LETTERS FIRST EDITIONS OUT OF PRINT BOOKS Quite certain rays of Liberty are needed every- where, He also packs his precious lamp with most uncom- mon care, And last he takes the family bird, the pet with eagle scream, And piles them all into the van and wallops up the team! BOUGHT AND SOLD CORRESPONDENCE INVITED CATALOGUES ISSUED ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH 4 East Tbirty-Ninth Street, New York City NA TATURAL HISTORY, AMERICANA, OLD MEDICAL, QUAKERIANA. BOOKS, PAM- PHLETS, PRINTS, AUTOGRAPHS. Send 4c. stamps for big Catalogo-naming specialty. FRANKLIN BOOKSHOP (S. N. Rhoads) 920 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, PRINTS. Catalogues Free. R. ATKINSON, 07 Sunderland Road, Forost EN, LONDON, ENG. A Large Collection of Fine Books Just received from London comprising single volumes and sets in choice bindings by Zaehnsdorf, Sangorski, Riviere, and others, suit- able for Holiday and Wedding Presents. At moderate prices. GEORGE M. CHANDLER Bookseller 75 East Van Buren Street Near Michigan Boulevard CHICAGO Where is his new abiding place? where will his home be made? He goes into the biggest house in which he ever stayed, For when beside his Allies' flags his standard is unfurled, He moves from out a continent and moves into a world. The prize of $500 offered by the Southern So- ciety of New York for the best literary work published in 1916 by a southern writer has been awarded to Olive Tilford Dargan for her volume of sonnets “The Cycle's Rim.” The judges in the contest, which was open to natives of sixteen states and to works of either prose or poetry, were Talcott Williams, dean of the School of Journal- ism at Columbia; Virginia Gildersleeve, dean of Barnard College; and John H. Finley, state com- missioner of education in New York. Mrs. Dar- gan was born in Grayson County, Kentucky, and went to the public schools in which her father and mother were continuously teachers, until she was ten years old. Then with her parents she went to the town of Doniphan, Missouri, where she stayed for four years. At the age of fourteen she herself became a teacher in the backwoods of Ar- kansas, a region of hills and streams. Through these years she had always hoped for a college education, but when she became eighteen her mother died; her father, now an invalid, returned to Kentucky, and her chance seemed lost. She was determined, however, and finally obtained a Peabody scholarship, which took her to the Uni- versity of Nashville, Tennessee. After further teaching and a year at Radcliffe in 1894, study- ing English and philosophy, she worked as a a stenographer in Boston and then married a young South Carolinian, a Harvard student whom she had met while at Radcliffe. She has since lived in Boston. Her work includes three volumes of poetical dramas: “The Mortal Gods and Other Dramas,” “Lords and Lovers and Other Dramas," and “Semiramis and Other Dramas"; "The Path Flower and Other Verses"; and the cycle of son- nets that won her the prize. Columbia University Press (LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents) New Catalogue of Meritorious Books Now Ready AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to any address, here or abroad DIRECT IMPORTATION FROM ALL ALLIED AND NEUTRAL COUNTRIES LEMCKE & BUECHNER (Established 1848) 30-32 W. 27th Street, New York 1917] 547 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] GABRIEL WELLS 489 Fifth Avenue, New YORK Announces the MEMORIAL EDITION of the Writings of O. HENRY Acknowledged Master of the Short Story Finest and ONLY COMPLETE Edition, containing an entirely new volume, "WAIFS AND STRAYS” Superbly Illustrated by Gordon Grant. 14 volumes, Octavo, large type, hand- made paper. ASK TO SEE IT. The American-Scandinavian Foundation ANNOUNCES BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Audubon the Naturalist. By Francis Hobart Her- rick. Illustrated, 2 vols., 8vo, 451-493 pages. D. Appleton & Co. Boxed. $7.50. Benjamin Franklin Self-Revealed. 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ANNA PARMLY PARET 291 FIFTH AVRIUR, NEW YORK After many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers, Miu Parat offers to criticise and revisc manuscripto for writers. Fees reasonable. Terms sent on application. "From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View" Luther W. Hopkins, Author and Publisher, Baltimore, Md. Third Edition. $1.35, incl. postage. Special Rates to Schools and Libraries. A Soldier's reminiscence of his experience in the Confederate Cavalry under Gen'l J. E. B. Stuart. Endorsed by the American Library Association. "It is vivid and interesting. Its value is indisputable.” The late Chas. Francis Adams, of Boston. "I wish every boy of the South could read it. Chas. W. Hubner, of Carnegie Library Staff, Atlanta, Ga. , ART, ARCHITECTURE, MUSIC, AND ARCHÆOLOGY. Vanished Halls and Cathedrals of France. By George Wharton Edwards. Illustrated, 8vo, 324 pages. Penn Publishing Co. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Vol- ume 1, School of Classical Studies. 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W. 1917] 551 THE DIAL IF YOU REALLY INTEND TO SUBSCRIBE IN CASE IT PLEASES YOU, SEND FOR A FREE SPECIMEN COPY OF The Unpopular Review In the brief period of its existence [it] has taken rank as the leading publication of criticism and brilliant comment on current affairs on either side of the Atlantic.-From the Editor of the Providence Journal. We may say for the benefit of our readers outside of New England and New York that there the literary judgments of The Providence Journal command as much respect as those of the leading metropolitan dailies. To carry a copy is almost equivalent to wearing a badge of intelligence.- From a circular issued from the retail department of the Messrs. Putnam's bookstore. The freshness of its point of view is invigorating. The crying need of the weary old world is to get away from conventional viewpoints, conventional morality and conventional taste. (We stand up for most of the "conventional morality and conventional taste." But many a "point of view" from which they have hitherto been mapped seems to us no longer tenable, and we often try to base our surveys upon new ones.-Editor.) I have read it through from cover to cover since the issuance of the first number easily the ablest review of a general nature we have in this country. From a Judge of a State Supreme Court. Far and away the most stimulating appeal to the intellectuals that has yet been made by our periodical literature. I can imagine but one possible hindrance to your abundant success—your falling into the snare that has been the ruin of all previous claims upon the illuminati, viz.: the notion that only agnostics are intellectual.-From a Clergyman. [No danger! The number of clergy among our contributors and subscribers forefends that, let alone our own fervent believe in the essentials of religion.-Editor.] The most virile and interesting magazine that I have ever seen. It had the look of a good half hour morsel before bed-time—and it postponed bed- time by just over three hours. It is pleasing indeed to find so apparent a desire to declare the truth and of necessity—be named "unpopular." . The most delightful magazine I have yet seen something else must go: for I must have The Unpopular. The copy that I received had the most intelligent treatment of the suffrage question I have ever seen I would like all my fool sisters to be so enlightened. A breath from the heights of Parnassus. Hence the inadvertent failure to renew. But, God bless you, here is your $2.50 at last. 75 Cents a number. $2.50 a year HENRY HOLT and COMPANY, Publishers, 19 W. 44 St., N. Y. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 552 [November 22, 1917 THE DIAL NEW BOOKS FOR GIFTS THE STURDY OAK A Composite Novel by Fourteen Authors An interesting experiment which has yielded an absorbing story of politics, business, love and woman citizenship. The authors are: Samuel Merwin, Harry Leon Wilson, Fannie Hurst, Dorothy Canfield, Kathleen Norris, Henry Kitchell Webster, Anne O'Hagan, Mary Heaton Vorse, Alice Duer Miller, Ethel Watts Mumford, Marjorie Benton Cooke, William Allen White, Mary Austin and Leroy Scott. (Illustrated, Net, $1.40.) THE WISHING-RING MAN By Margaret Widdemer A new novel by the author of THE ROSE-GARDEN HUSBAND—a story of the bright days when there was no war, and of the same rose garden and some of its people, and a delightful new hero- ine. (Pogany frontispiece, Net, $1.35.) THE SEVENTH UNDERSTOOD BETSY CHRISTMAS By Dorothy Canfield By Coningsby Dawson People from seven to seventy enjoy this new book A beautiful substitute for the little gifts which by the author of THE BENT TWIG—the story there is no time to make this year. The soldier- of Betsy who escaped from the city and from author of "Carry On" has written simply and being "understood," and found herself and life reverently of Christ's seventh birthday for a Christ- among her Vermont farmer relatives. (4th print- mastide when the world is at war. (Decorated, ing, Illustrated, Net, $1.30.) Net, 50 cents.) ON CONTEMPORARY PIONEERING WHERE LITERATURE THE WORLD IS OLD By Stuart P. Shorman By Alice Tisdale Professor Sherman is by common consent one of The story of frontier adventure and home-making the two or three leading critical writers of the in China, of trips into Manchurian wilds, and of country. In this interesting book he shows wherein hand-to-hand struggles with primitive nature. some of our contemporary writers measure up to The author, an American woman, has spent nearly or fall short of the standards of sound literature. ten years on the Manchurian frontier. (Illus- (Net, $1.50.) trated, Net, $1.50.) OUR DEMOCRACY: OVER JAPAN WAY ITS ORIGINS and ITS TASKS By James H. Tufts By Alfred M. Hitchcock A book which will help readers understand the An American layman's impressions of Japanese business and civic life of America today, and people and places a book of travel full of shrewd, aid them to meet the problems of their work and humorous comment and observation. It has 85 citizenship. It carries a strong appeal to our re- full page illustrations taken from the author's awakened national consciousness. (Net, $1.50.) remarkable collection of photographs. (Net, $2.00.) ALSACE LORRAINE UNDER GERMAN RULE By Charles Downer Hazen Belgium has suffered under our eyes, but the earlier fate of Alsace Lorraine lies in the period of his- tory with which most of us are unfamiliar. The author of "Europe since 1815" here gives a com- plete and authoritative statement of the case. (Net, $1.25.) THE SOUL OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION By Moissaye J. Olgin This is the story of Russia's revolution and what lay behind it, told by a Russian journalist of note who has been on the inside of all the important revolutionary movements of the past 17 years. His account is authentic, and full of the color and interest of firsthand narrative. (Illustrated, Net, $2.50.) HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 19 West 44th Street New York City PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. Til one-cCuu var any postal employee and it will be placed ID the hands of our soldiers at the front. No Wrapping-No Address. A. S. BURLESON, Postmaster Goneral. SECOND HOLIDAY BOOK NUMBER THE DIAL A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information Founded by FRANCIS F. BROWNE 15 cts. a copy. $3. & year. Volume LXIII. No. 755. CHICAGO, DECEMBER 6, 1917 Scribner Holiday Books Fighting for Peace John Keats By Henry van Dyke By Sir Sidney Colvin His Life and Poetry. His Friends, Critics, and After-Fame ETS Minister to Holland for the first three years of the war. “We could wish that this little volume might be read by every American citizen, and not only read by but written in the heart of every person concerned in the direction of the Government and potentially concerned in the determination of the conditions of peace at the end of the war.”— New York Tribune. $1.26 net The wealth of material which now enables every side of Keats's brief life to be thoroughly known is distilled and clarified into a narrative and a psychological study of absorbing interest and of the most intelligent sympathy; so that Keats, both as man and poet, is made to live with a vividness that is rare indeed and with a truth which the reader feels instinctively. Illustrated. $4.50 net Bath The Red Flower The Life and Art of William Merritt Chase POEMS WRITTEN IN WAR TIMB ERI OL) By Henry van Dyke By Katharine Metcalf Roof With Letters, Personal Remi- niscences, and Illustrative Ma- terial Introduction by ALICE GERSON CHASE. With reproductions of the ar- tist's work. $4.00 net In addition to the title-poem- “The Red Flower,” symbolizing war-this volume will contain “War Music," "Storm Music," "The Glory of Ships," "Jeanne d'Arc Returns," and some twen- ty other poems, all of which have been written since the Great War began. 50 cents net After a photograph Copyright by Pirie MacDonald $1.25 net Poems by Alan Seeger Letters and Diary of Alan Seeger Seventh Printing. Henry van Dyke My War Diary By Madame Waddington f The intimate personal record of Alan Seeger's life during the war. With photogravure frontis. piece. $1.25 net a員​国​最强 ​A simple, every-day record of the experiences through which one French family has lived since August 1914, by one famous for her descriptions of the brilliant social and political life of Paris. $1.50 net Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis E On the Right of the British Line By Captain Gilbert Nobbs, dobi 13 Bdited by his brother Charles Belmont Davis “There are many reasons why the life and letters of Richard Harding Davis should be welcomed by a wide public on the mere mention of its ap- pearance. And all these reasons will be intensi- fied and new ones added when the book is read. It is so interesting a book-and it is so fine a book. They present an array of de- lightful, amusing, exciting adventures. We know few books more interesting."-New York Times. Profusely illustrated from portraits, photographs, and snapshots gathered in all parts of the world. $2.50 net 51 Late L. R. B. "His picture of life in the trenches is vivid and thrilling. One feels that it is authentic. Those who have read Empey should read Nobbs. Each supplements the other."-Phila. Evening Ledger. $1.25 net BOOKS 1 SCRIBNERS MAGAZINE FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS City 554 [December 6 THE DIAL Scribner Holiday Books A Revolutionary Pilgrimage FICTION By Ernest Peixotto Step by step the reader is taken to all important Revolutionary battlefields. Profusely illustrated, $2.50 net Voyages on the Yukon and Its Tributaries Being the Memoirs of Benedict Arnold By Frederic J. Stimson “Now and then there swims into our ken, in Keats's phrase, like a new planet, some work of signal talent which clothes the dry bones of his- tory with the nervous and throbbing flesh and blood of vital romance and makes old times and old characters live again in the white light of truthful portrayal. Such an achievement is here to be credited to F. J. Stimson."—New York Tribune. IUustrated, $2.00 net By Henry James By Hudson Stuck, Archdeacon of the Yukon A description of Alaska in summer. IUustrated, $4.50 net On the Headwaters of Peace River The Ivory Tower The Sense of the Past In Happy Valley The Middle Years By Paul Haworth and The story of a thousand mile canoe trip in the Canadian Rockies. Illustrated, $4.00 net “Lovers of Mr. James's writings, whose name The Origin and Evolution is legion, may turn to these unfinished novels and the notes which accompany them with con- of Life fidence of great joy. They are characteristic of and worthy of their author at his best." By Henry Fairfield Osborn New York Tribune. President of the American Mu- Sold separately. Each, $1.50 net seum of Natural History. From the latest discoveries Pro- fessor Osborn pictures the life- less earth and presents a new Beyond By John Fox, Jr. conception of the origin and early evolution of living forms Mr. Fox here makes notable ad- in terms of energy. Ву ditions to those Kentucky moun. The wonderful and beautiful taineers which his “Trail of the succession of life from its dawn John Galsworthy Lonesome Pine" and "The to the time of the appearance Little Shepherd of Kingdom of man is richly illustrated and “ 'Beyond' is a study of Come" have endeared to SO philosophically interpreted. two good sports, father many thousands. Iũustrated, $3.00 net IUustrated. $1.35 net and daughter, who love intensely, suffer greatly, A Change of Air An Autobiography and bear their loss with By KATHARINE FULLER- By Henry James fine fortitude. The story TON GEROULD These reminiscences, entitled is a tragedy of sex, two IUustrated, $1.26 net "The Middle Years," cover Mr. tragedies indeed, cruelly James's memories of his early London life, including recollec- moving and relentless, The World and tions of Tennyson, George Eliot, touched with somewhat Thomas Kelly Lowell, when he held the Eng. the same color that makes lish mission, and many others, By ARTHUR TRAIN $1.50 net besides delightful sketches of the 'The Dark Flower' SO daily life and surroundings sombrely glowing.”—Dial. which then had for James all The Four Corners of the charm of novelty. $1.50 net With an introduction by MR. the World PERCY LUBBOCK. $1.25 net By A. E. W. MASON $1.50 net The Green Jacket By JENNETTE LEE $1.85 net By Brander Matthews The Fighting Men “One of the most genial, optimistic, and schol- arly exponents of belles lettres in the educa- By ALDEN BROOKS $1.35 net tional world in America has written his own The Deserter biography in the volume entitled "These Many Years. -New York Sun. $8.00 net By RICHARD HARDING DAVIS 50 cents net The Irish Issue in Its JUVENILES American Aspect The Wyeth Bdition of Sidney Lanier's By Shane Leslie The Boy's King Arthur The contents include: "The Memory of Par- Illustrated in color. $2.50 net nell," "The Treason of the Redmonds," "The Ethics of Sinn Fein,” “The Killing of Kettle," The Boy Scout and Other "Carson and Casement." The second part con- siders “The Winning of the United States" and Stories for Boys "Irish-American during the War." $1.25 net By RICHARD HARDING DAVIS $1.25 net Sons of Eli By RALPH D. PAINE By Maximilian P. E. Groszmann IUustrated, $1.35 net A thoroughgoing study of the various problems The Sampo of the training and education of the exceptional or abnormal child writted by a leading A Wonder Tale of the Old North authority and widely known lecturer. By JAMES BALDWIN Illustrated in color by IUustrated, $2.50 net BOOKS W. C. WYETH $1.50 net These Many Years The Exceptional Child CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS SCRIBNERS MAGAZINE FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 555 THE DIAL, "A persistent best seller"--New York Sun. “Your Chum at home and the cheeriest of Chums for every man in Army and Navy." Clean literature and clean womanhood are the keystones of civilization - and MY UNKNOWN CHUM is "the cleanest and best all-around book in the English Language.” “Life is too short for reading inferior books."-Bryce MY UNKNOWN CHUM ("AGUECHEEK") Foreword by HENRY GARRITY “An Ideal Chum." You will read it often and like it better the oftener you read it-once read it will be your chum, as it is now the chum of thousands. You will see France, Belgium, England, Italy and America-men and women in a new light that will make it the Chum of your traveling bag-or kit-and an inspiration for letters to or from home or the trenches. The story of the beautiful English girl and wife who gave her life in Belgium to the reclaiming of the degraded of her own sex will remind many a youth, man, and Soldier of what he owes to womanhood in these truly inferno times. It fulfills to the letter Lord Rosebery's definition of the three-fold function of a book- “TO FURNISH INFORMATION, LITERATURE, RECREATION." What Critical Booklovers Say: SIR CHARLES FITZPATRICK, Chief Justice of Canada: “'My Unknown Chum is a wonderful book. I can repeat some of the pages almost by heart. I buy it to give to those I love and to friends who can appreciate a good book.” PHILIP GIBBS, most brilliant of the English war THE NEW YORK SUN: correspondents: "They don't write such English nowadays. The ‘My Unknown Chum' is delightful." book is charming." COL. F. A. HEYGATE LAMBERT, Cavalry Club, CARDINAL GASQUET, the world's foremost scholar: London: “I have read 'My Unknown Chum' with the great- “ 'My Unknown Chum' delighted me." est possible pleasure." ALICE M. BRADLEY, author of the Belasco pro- GOVERNOR DAVID I. WALSH, of Massachusetts : duction—"The Governor's Lady" : ‘My Unknown Chum'-I cannot too strongly ex- "The title ‘My Unknown Chum' most aptly describes press the pleasure and companionship I found in the book. It is a chum, a confidant, with old-time this excellent book. It is all that is claimed for it- and all-time observation and philosophy. It is not only a companion, but a friend." He takes you with him and delights you. What J. A. JUDD, New York: delicious humor!" “I love books. I love my library, in which are THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY-the largest more than three hundred of the world's best works. wholesale booksellers : I driven by adversity to a hall bedroom I could 'My Unknown Chum' is & wonderful book- select five books that would supply me with delight- appeals to the cultivated classes-has a remarkable ful reading matter for the remainder of my days— sale. We sell more copies than we do of many 'best the first selection would be 'My Unknown Chum." selling' novels." Whether young or old, you will find “My Unknown Chum" the best of comrades all through life. He is a delightful Chum who will introduce you to about all that is worth while. He will tell you how to invest suffering with charm, how to manage should you, too, ever be “Hard Up in Paris" or elsewhere. His_views of Cant-of Life are worth in lasting results a typhoon of spoutings from Serio-comic Revivalists. Preachy? Not a bit of it. He will go wi you to the theatre-take you "Behind the Scenes" if you like, tell you about the art, the soul of the playhouse, with never a word or thought of the sensualistic rubbish that features only the flesh-mummer, her toothbrush brilliancy and the stage door-that leads to so many family scandals, domestic wreckage, and divorce. Price $1.50 Net Postpaid $1.65 AT BOOKSTORES OR 60 manners even more. THE DEVIN-ADAIR COMPANY, Publishers 437 Fifth Avenue, New York, U. S. A. > When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 556 [December 6 THE DIAL Books Your Children Will Delight in, and Books You Will Be Delighted to Have Them Read The World's Wonder Stories By ADAM GOWANS WHYTE Author of "A Comedy of Ambitions," "Yollowsands," etc. 12º. 38 Plates, many Text Illustrations. $1.75. A really novel book for children. The subject is not one little corner of Nature pre- sented like a piece of seaweed in a pretty frame or like an animal in a cage. It is Nature itself. The wheels of life are shown in movement, weaving suns and planets out of star- mist, shaping living things ever more wonderful until man himself appears. The Cambridge Book of Poetry for Children Edited by KENNETH GRAHAME Crown 8°. Picture End Papers. $1.50. No better introduction to good poetry could be offered children than this collection, edited by the author of Dream Days and The Wind in the Willows. It maintains a position as first among anthologies for Young People. If I Could Fly By ROSE STRONG HUBBELL 8°. Five Illustrations in Full Color by Harold Gaze. $2.00. A book written in vers libre and addressed to children is a novelty. Mrs. Hubbell, whose Quacky Doodles' and Danny Daddles' Book is a juvenile classic, has employed free verse to express what a child would do, if he could fly, if he could climb like a squirrel, if he could buzz like a bumble-bee, if he could make a silky cord like a spider, if he could be the moon, or the many other things which he would like to be. In harmony with the poems are the delicately wrought and suggestive pictures by the artist, Harold Gaze, who contributes five full-page illustrations in color. Chocolate Cake and Black Sand and Two Other Plays By SAMUEL MILBANK CAULDWELL 8º. 16 Illustrations by Anna Richards Brewster. $1.50. These plays have been tried out on the stage and are well adapted for presentation by children. Two of them, Chocolate Cake and Black Sand and The Undoing of Giant Hot- stoff, are dream plays, and among the characters that appear to the sleeping heroine are witches and fairies, giants, ugly frogs, Jack Frost, and many other fantastic beings dear to the imagination of childhood. East o' the Sun and West o' the Moon By SIR GEORGE DASENT, D.C.L. Crown 8°. 8 Full-page Illustrations. $1.25. A collection of typical tales of the Northland--of witch, ogre, and troll, those lineal descendants of the frost giants that, inhabiting the rugged places of the world, are forever scheming mischief against the race of man. This is a collection of tales sure to delight and stir up the imagination of children and one which equally merits the study of folk-lore stu- dents. At All Booksellers NEW YORK 2 West 45th Street Just West of 5th Ave. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS LONDON 24 Bedford Street Strand When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 557 THE DIAL Novels are Eminently Fitted for Gifts this season. They make the least costly presents, and convey the same message of Love or Friendship that the more costly gifts do. FOUR NOTABLE NOVELS a The White Ladies of Worcester By the Author of "THE ROSARY" "Told with the purity of style of which Mrs. Barclay is master, and a fidelity to the finest emotions which is remarkable. Seldom do we find such characters in fiction, and few are the writers that can portray them. "It is a splendid work, full of dramatic power and true to nature, yet reverent with things that are sacred, and altogether one of the finest books that has seen the light for many a day.”-San Francisco Call. b Unconquered By the Author of "CAPTAIN DESMON, DV. C.” "Maud Diver has departed in this novel from the Indian background against which her ear- lier work is set, but she has by no means forsaken her powerfully dramatic method of deal- ing with an emotional theme.”—N. Y. Times. “There is a new depth, a new power in Mrs. Diver's latest story. There is more spontaneity in it; a surer realization of the facts of life; a truer sense of human values, and her increased simplicity of phrasing adds force to her tale."-Melbourne Australasian. c The Heart of Her Highness By the Author of “ EVERYBODY'S LONESOME" “A finely woven romance of the old days of chivalry and brutality; a diverting and per- suasively accurate picture of old Flanders, of Ghent and Bruges and Louvain; a story of Mary of Burgundy, unhappy daughter of Charles the Bold, of her troubles, and final happy marriage; a story brightly gemmed with descriptive excellence by Clara E. Laughlin. “Not for years has so delightful a tale of olden times appeared, far more meritorious than anything Stanley Weyman ever did."-Cleveland Plain Dealer. d The Safety Curtain By the Author of “THE WAY OF AN EAGLE" "In extraordinary power Ethel M. Dell's novels, as well as her short stories, challenge com- parison with any writings of our time. Here it is splendidly apparent, combined with mar- vellously tender witchery and gentle charm quite irresistible. The intensest primal pas- sions rage through these tales, but never get beyond the equal sway of sweet womanliness and loyal manhood. Tales which nobody with heart and red blood can read without a quickening of the pulse, or can lay down without a wish to take them up and read them again."-N. Y. Tribune. At All Booksellers LONDON 2 West 45th Street G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 24 Bedford Street NEW YORK Just West of 5th Ave. Strand When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 558 [December 6 THE DIAL THE NEW DUTTON BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS THE FUNNYFEATHERS By Lansing Campbell Net, $1.50 Fully illustrated with full-page illustrations in color and numerous black and white illustrations running through the text. All about the doings of the Dinkie Ducklings, Mrs. Panty Banty and the Black Biddie which you watched last summer in the barnyard. THE HAPPIFATS AND THE GROUCH Erm STORIES AND PICTURES By Kate Jordar Net, $2.00 Fully illustrated in colors and black and white drawings running through the text. Sure to bring delight to the heart and smiles to the face of any small person. No frowns or tears could last a minute before the infectious good nature of these fat, beaming, jolly babies, busy with no end of good times. From the Funnyfeathers BEYOND THE MOUNTAIN By Aunt Sadie (Sarah Stokes Halkott) Author of "Aunt Sadie's Rhymes.” Illustrated by Katharine Pyle. Net, $1.50 How the plants got their names is told in the spon taneous spirit of make-believe children love so well. The fanciful verses and Katharine Pyle's charming colored frontispiece and dainty black and white text illustrations make this volume & most attractive holiday gift for children. ALL AROUND THE SUN DIAL By Caroline Hofman. With Pictures by Rachael Robinson Elmer Net, $2.00 A little volume of rhymes for children written with a childlike simplicity and sweetness and touched with naive humor. These verses and the lively, joyous illustrations which accompany them make a very tempting gift book for the Christmas season. THE BOY WHO WENT TO THE EAST AND OTHER INDIAN FAIRY TALES By Ethel C. Brill. Illustrated by Hugh Spencer. Not, $1.50 A series of Indian Legends with Indian boys and girls as their heroes and heroines. Although retold to please boys and girls, they keep close to the original stories. From All Around The Sun Dial. SONGS OF A MOTHER THE BLESSED BIRTHDAY A BOOK OF VERSES By Marietta M. Andrews Net, $1.00 In these sincere and tender poems of a mother to her children, the reader is led into the intimacy of home-life, and made to feel the strength and beauty of mother-love. A CHRISTMAS MIRACLE PLAY By Florence Converse Net, $0.75 A picturesque little play taken from the details of Christ's birth as given in the Apocryphal gospels. Three large and beautiful angels—The Angel of the Annunciation, The Angel of the Nativity, The Angel of the Resurrection sit in the background ready to aid those who are worthy. Throughout "The Miracle" the Angels chant the words of the Bible. The KATHARINE PYLE Edition of GRANNY'S WONDERFUL CHAIR By Frances Browne Net, $2.50 A charming book for children is "Granny's Wonderful Chair," by Frances Browne, with an introduction and many beautiful illustrations by Katharine Pyle. Published first in 1856, it has become one of the classics of juvenile litera. ture. The wonderful chair was given to a little girl. Where it carried her and the beautiful stories it told and the surprising consequences that followed are all narrated. POSTAGE EXTRA SEND FOR A HOLIDAY CATALOGUE AT ALL BOOKSTORES E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, 681 Fifth Avenue, New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 559 THE DIAL Christmas Books THE HILL-TOWNS OF FRANCE By EUGENIE M. FRYER Net. $2.50 Many charming drawings by Roy L. Hilton, as well as fine photo-engravings. The first complete account ever written of the hill-towns of France. A series of word pictures of some of the castles and other points of interest in French towns. These sketches have charm and individuality and succeed in giving the old fortresses real character and picturesqueness. THE BOOK OF THE WEST INDIES By A. HYATT VERRILL Net $2.50 The author for twenty-five years spent much time exploring, travelling, and now and then living in those regions, and is everywhere recognized as an authority upon their history and present conditions. The volume is profusely and beautifully illustrated and tells all manner of things about the islands, seas, people, history, present- day life, resources, scenic beauties, and interests. TWO SUMMERS IN THE ICE WILDS OF EASTERN KARAKORAM By FANNIE BULLOCK WORKMAN and WILLIAM HUNTER WORKMAN Fully illustrated. Net $8 Adventure of the most thrilling kind is found in the account by these two veteran and inveterate explorers. They spent the summers of 1911 and 1912 in these awful wastes of ice and rock, and the account of their experience makes a wonder tale of human effort and achievement. THE BARREN GROUND OF NORTHERN CANADA By WARBURTON PIKE Fully illustrated. Net $: The author was the first sportsman to penetrate the frozen wastes of sub-Arctic Northern Canada in search of the musk-ox. His description of his dangerous and exhausting travel is one of the most interesting and enter- taining books of travel extant. THE MORTE D'ARTHUR OF SIR THOMAS MALORY and Its Sources An Introductory Study by VIDA D. SCUDDER Net $8.50 From Professor Scudder's Preface: "Its fascination for all classes of readers has increased ever since the romantic revival of the Nineteenth century. Poets and scholars have delighted in it no less than children." THE DIARIES OF LEO TOLSTOY YOUTH-Volume I, 1847-1852. Net $$ This is the first of four volumes of the only complete translation authorized by the Russian Editor Vladimir Tchertkoff. For sixty years, beginning in his early twenties, Tolstoy kept a dairy of his daily life, recording in it his thoughts, his conclusions, his feelings, his doubts and uncertainties, his actions and friendships, and impressions of people. FURTHER MEMORIES By LORD REDESDALE. Introduction by EDMUND GOSSE. Fully illustrated with many portraits. Net $8.50 Containing many graphic bits of personal recollection, with vivid glimpses of Lord Redesdale's own person- ality. It is written with that same grace and genial charm which made his former volumes so interesting. Mr. Gosse's preface gives an entertaining outline of him in his old age. MEMORIES By LORD REDESDALE Fully illustrated. ? volumes. Net $10 MADAME ADAM By WINIFRED STEPHENS Net $4 The biography is a picture of the wonderful influence which a brilliant woman may exercise in her world. Madame Adam is the oldest literary light in France. In her long and eventful life she has passed through three revolutions. PAUL JONES: His Exploits in English Seas During 1778-1780 By DON C. SEITZ With a Complete Bibliography Net $3.50 Illustrated by colored photogravure of a unique wax medallion of Jones in the possession of the author. Contemporary accounts collected from English newspapers recording his audacious visits to towns along the English coast. New and interesting light on one of the most romantic heroes of American history. Also a limited edition of forty-three copies, of which forty only are for sale. THE FALL OF THE ROMANOFFS By the author of "Russian Court Memoirs" Fully illustrated. Net $6 A popularly written and illuminating account of the recent revolution in Russia carried down to the present situation there, and giving interesting details about Rasputin's influence over the Czarina, the attitude of the revo- lutionists, etc. A SOLDIER'S MEMORIES IN PEACE AND WAR By SIR GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND Not $6 Covering a long and eventful life in which there was much soldiering on the Indian frontier and South Africa, as well as many important experiences in time of peace. RUSSIAN COURT MEMOIRS. 1914-1916 With 82 illustrations. Net $5 Affording a curious glimpse into Russian life by a member of the Court Circle at Petrograd which was over- thrown by the revolution. His views of the former Royal Family and members of the Court Circle are different from those usually presented by the Russian writers. Postage Extra Send for Holiday Catalogue E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, 681 Fifth Avenue, At AU Bookstores NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 560 (December 6 THE DIAL Christmas Books for Boys and Girls Piang, the Moro Jungle Boy The Story Book ev: By Florenco Partello Stuart A book dealing with a rich but hitherto unexploited of Science By Joan Honrl Fabre field of stirring life and incident, drawn from the A book of popular science, author's personal experience while sojourning with her about the metals under the father's command in Borneo and the lower Philippine earth, the plants and ani- mals on the surface, and the Islands. The stories are based on fact and the epi- planets in the heavens above, sodes deal with riding a cataract, a crocodile fight, told in story-form by the capturing a huge python, and other perils of jungle life. most gifted nature writer of modern times. Translated Illustrated by Ellsworth Young. $1.35 from the 19th French edi- tion. The Girl Next Door Nlustrated. $2.00 By Augusta Hulell Soaman Heroes of Today By Mary R. Parkman Janet and Marcia puzzled about the "house next A series of brief, crisp door" until their brains were fairly dizzy. Who was narratives presenting vividly the strange woman upstairs? Why were the blinds the struggle for achievement and the triumph in service, always shut? A story as perplexing and interesting along various lines, of heroes as “The Sapphire Signet." Illus. by Relyea. $1.25 who have fought their fight in the patient modern way- The Lost Little Lady Hoover, Goethals, Burroughs, Grenfell, Capt. Scott, etc. By Emilio Benson Knipe and Arthur Alden Knipe Illustrated. $1.35 If you like a story with a historical background, a Heroines of story of mystery and unexpected climaxes, with an Service ending happy for By Mary R. Parkman eryone concerned, get Stimulating narratives of The Golden Eagle “The Lost Little Lady.” the lives of great modern women-Clara Barton, Anna By Allon Fronch Mastrated. $1.35 Shaw, Jane Addams, Madame An adventure tale for Curie, etc. Each subject boys and girls, filled with Under Boy chosen is significant in her , relation to some important the wholesome vigor and phase of modern effort and freshness of the sea. Mr. Scout Colors the life of to-day. Illustrated. $1.35 French's gift of swift narra- tive is familiar to thousands By Joseph B. Ames who have read those popu- This fine story sets forth the actual life of the great lar books, "The Junior Cup" Boy Scout Organization (which has officially approved and "The Runaway." the book), and the effects upon its members of the dis- Nlustrated. $1.25 cipline and useful knowledge which it supplies. Nlustrated. $1.35 Camp Jolly The Boys' Book of Sports By Francos Little Edited by Grantland Rice Just two men, three boys, and a dog, camping at the A treasury of instruction, entertainment, and in- foot of the Colorado Can- spiration on sports for every live American boy. Ac- yon. Can you fancy any curate and up-to-date. Will broaden and round out more appropriate name for the athletic-minded boy of to-day. Edited by the fa- their shack than “Camp mous sports expert of the “New York Tribune." Jolly"? By the author of Illustrated. $2.00 "The Lady of the Decora- tion." Four perennial favorites The Jungle Book Illustrated. $1.25 for Christmas giving;- Wonderful stories of the the Kipling books and Indian jungle, "unique in Wilderness literature.” Illustrated. $1.50. one other: Pocket edition in red flexible Honey leather. $1.75. Holiday edi- "Captains tion. Illustrated by the Det- - By Frank Lilllo Pollock molds. Boxed, $2.50. Courageous" A story of adventure in Tho Socond Jungle Book A vivid story of life Uniform with THE JUNGLE the wilderness of Canada; a among the Gloucester fish- BOOK. Illustrated by Kip- story of beekeeping, absorb- Illustrated. $1.50. ling's father. $1.50. Pocket ing in its interest. A book Pocket edition in red flexible edition in red flexible leather. leather. $1.75. $1.75. every young person will Arthur Rackham's Mother Goose want to read himself and The most beautiful Mother Goose ever made. Twelve lend to his friends. full-page Rackham pictures in color and many in black Nlustrated. $1.25 and white. Square. $2.50. ermen. At All Bookstores 353 Fourth Avenue Published by Now York City Send for illustrated holiday catalogue of Century books THE CENTURY CO. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 561 THE DIAL LANE'S HOLIDAY LEADERS-CHRISTMAS, 1917 The Leading Gift Books A TRIP TO LOTUS LAND By ARCHIE BELL Author of "The Spell of the Holy Land," "The Spell of Egypt,” etc. With 56 Illustrations. Boxed. Cloth, $2.50 net. An exquisite gift-book, the purpose of which is to convey to the reader something of the joys of a six weeks' tour of Japan. The illustrations are profuse and charming. THE RED PLANET By WILLIAM J. LOCKE Author of "The Wonderful Year," "The Be- loved Vagabond,” etc. Cloth, $1.50 net. A war-time novel of love, courage, and mys- tery—just as romantic, just as tender as “The Beloved Vagabond.” FRENZIED FICTION By STEPHEN LEACOCK Author of "Nonsense Novels," "Further Fool- ishness," etc. Cloth, $1.25 net. A new collection of good things by America's leading humorist in high spirits. THE DEFENDERS OF DEMOCRACY A Book Dedicated to Our Sallors, Soldiers, and Nurses Profusely Illustrated in Color and Black and White by Leading Allied Artists. Large 8vo. Cloth. Full Color Onlay. $2.50 net The Militia of Mercy has assembled original contributions from the world's most richly en- dowed writers and artists for this notable Gift Book of nearly four hundred pages. The net proceeds of the sale of the book will be used in aiding the needy families of the men of the Naval Militia who have been called to the defense of liberty. THE CHRIST AMERICAN PICTURES AND HUMAN TRAGEDY IN HADES THEIR PAINTERS By ANATOLE FRANCE By LORINDA M. BRYANT By STEPHEN PHILLIPS With 16 Full-Page Illustrations Author of "What Pictures to With 15 Full-Page Illustrations See in America," etc. in Color by Michel Sevier. by Stella Langdale. With 230 Illustrations. Cloth. 8vo. Decorated Cloth. $3.00 net 8vo. Cloth. $1.50 net. 8vo. $3.00 net. One of the brightest examples A handsomely illustrated vol- of Anatole France's irony, in An illustrated holiday edition ume that forms the basis for a holiday dress with striking il- of this famous author's most fa- wider knowledge and greater lustrations by a Russian artist. mous poem. appreciation of American art. The Leading War Books FRANCIS JOSEPH AND HIS COURT From the Memoirs of Count Roger de Resseguler (Son of Francis Joseph's Court Chamborlain) By HERBERT VIVIAN, M.A. Author of "Servia, the Poor Man's Paradise," "The Servian Tragedy," etc. With 16 Illustrations. 8vo. Cloth. $2.50 net. The career of Francis Joseph was marked by the successive misfortunes of a fate which dogs the house of Hapsburg. The history of this family is rife with violent tragedy, and it is stained with scandal. The story is here told in most interesting and intimate narrative form. Fifteenth Edition The Sensational Success CARRY ON Letters In WARTIME By LIEUT. CONINGSBY DAWSON Author of "The Garden With- out Walls,” etc. Frontispiece. Cloth. $1.00 net Chesterton On English History A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND By G. K. CHESTERTON Author of “Heretics," "Ortho- doxy,” “The Crimes of Eng- land,” etc. Cloth. $1.50 net The “Who's Who” of the Russian Revolution THE REBIRTH OF RUSSIA By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON Author of "The War After the War," etc. 28 Illustrations. Cloth. $1.25 net JOHN LANE COMPANY Publishers NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 562 [December 6 THE DIAL IF YOU REALLY INTEND TO SUBSCRIBE IN CASE IT PLEASES YOU, SEND FOR A FREE SPECIMEN COPY OF The Unpopular Review . In the brief period of its existence [it] has taken rank as the leading publication of criticism and brilliant comment on current affairs on either side of the Atlantic.—From the Editor of the Providence Journal. We may say for the benefit of our readers outside of New England and New York that there the literary judgments of The Providence Journal command as much respect as those of the leading metropolitan dailies. To carry a copy is almost equivalent to wearing a badge of intelligence.- From a circular issued from the retail department of the Messrs. Putnam's bookstore. The freshness of its point of view is invigorating. The crying need of the weary old world is to get away from conventional viewpoints, conventional morality and conventional taste. [We stand up for most of the “conventional morality and conventional taste." But many a "point of view" from which they have hitherto been mapped seems to us no longer tenable, and we often try to base our surveys upon new ones.-Editor.] I have read it through from cover to cover since the issuance of the first number easily the ablest review of a general nature we have in this country. From a Judge of a State Supreme Court. . Far and away the most stimulating appeal to the intellectuals that has yet been made by our periodical literature. I can imagine but one possible hindrance to your abundant success—your falling into the snare that has been the ruin of all previous claims upon the illuminati, viz.: the notion that only agnostics are intellectual.-From a Clergyman. (No danger! The number of clergy among our contributors and subscribers forefends that, let alone our own fervent believe in the essentials of religion.--Editor.) The most virile and interesting magazine that I have ever seen. It had the look of a good half hour morsel before bed-time—and it postponed bed- time by just over three hours. It is pleasing indeed to find so apparent a desire to declare the truth and of necessity—be named “unpopular.” The most delightful magazine I have yet seen something else must go: for I must have The Unpopular. The copy that I received had the most intelligent treatment of the suffrage question I have ever seen I would like all my fool sisters to be so enlightened. A breath from the heights of Parnassus. Hence the inadvertent failure to renew. But, God bless you, here is your $2.50 at last. . 75 Cents a number. $2.50 a year HENRY HOLT and COMPANY, Publishers, 19 W. 44 St., N. Y. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 563 THE DIAL What costs the least and gives the most?-A Book MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS I DIPLOMATIC DAYS Arranged, with comment By Albert Bigelow Paino For more than ten years Albert Bigelow Paine, the biog- rapher of Mark Twain, has been steadily at work gathering together these wonderful letters which the great humorist wrote to his friends in every part of the world. The result is probably the most important, certainly the most fascinat- ing, book of the year. “Rare treasures of humor, pathos, wit, wisdom, reflection, criti. cism, description, observation, all the varied products and by-prod- ucts of a nature so richly brave and tender and glowing, are dis- covered in these delightful letters. The enshrining volumes are volumes to read slowly, to savor luxuriously, to think and dream Mark Twain's collected letters spell Twain to the life."- Chicago Herald. Two Vols., illustrated. Uniform with Trade Edition of Mark Twain's Works, $4.00. Uniform with Library Edition of "Mark Twain: A Biography," $6.00. Limited de Luxe Edition, $10.00. By Edith O'Shaughnessy You cannot have failed to hear of "A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico," even if you are so unfortunate as to have missed reading it. Now comes this new book by its author, just as de- lightful. Mrs. O'Shaughnessy is one of the few living writers who possess the rare gift of being able to put into words their vivid impressions of in- teresting people and picturesque scenes. Again in these pages she takes the reader into her intimate confidence as she tells of men and women who have played their parts in changing the course of history. Illustrated, Crown 8vo. $2.00 over. Everyman's Chemistry By Ellwood Hendrick A real chemistry book, giving a popular view of modern progress in a field of peculiar importance at the present time, told simply as one would discuss the subject in a private conversation. The effects of the Great War, and the necessity for chemical independence in this country are emphasized. Diagrams. Crown 8vo. $2.00. Years of My Youth Mllustrated Edition By William Dean Howells This delightful autobiography gains a new value from the illustrations which picture the early life of the writer. "At once a salutation of youth, a memorial of friendship, a noble tribute to his nearest and dearest, and a revelation of self that is never tedious."-London Spectator. IUustrated. Crown 8vo. $2.00. An American In the Making By M. E. Ravage "The humor and clear-sightedness of the author, to say nothing of the colorful and stimulating style, make the book one of the most interesting products of the season. In the truest sense it is a story of adventure and quite as fascinating as the most skilfully worked out novel. If one is interested in sociological questions, he will read it; if not, he will read it just the same."-Spring field Republican. The Victorious Faith By Horatio W. Dresser “What H. G. Wells has sought to do in his novel, 'The Soul of a Bishop,' to discover and express the spiritual import of the world war, Horatio W. Dresser has sought to accomplish by means of this collection of philosophi- cal essays which he calls 'a book of Moral Ideals in War Time.' "-Los Angeles Tribune. Observation: Every Man His Own University The Prince and the Pauper By Russell H. Conwell The author of "Acres of Diamonds" shows that even if you have not been to college, you can be the master of your own education and your own success. How to achieve these words might be the sub-title. How to achieve an education, a place in the world, happiness. Portrait. $1.00. FICTION The The Rise of David Levinsky By Mark Twain Holiday Edition By Abraham Cahan This fascinating historical romance finds By Basil King At times this uncanny at last a worthy form. Harper & Brothers power of Cahan's in working have chosen to mark their Centennial year Against the background of an image or crystallizing a per- by bringing out “The Prince and the the Great War, the author of sonality recalls Turgeneff, just Pauper" in this handsome edition-one “The Inner Shrine" has written as his epic sweep reminds one with which they believe its author would not only a brilliant novel of of Tolstoi. "The Rise of David have been delighted. life in Newport and New York, Levinsky' is more than a book but a book filled with the spirit of talent; in fact, it is a book Seven Ilustrations in Full Cover by of America's new responsibility of genius."-Boston Transcript. Franklin Booth. Uniform with “The to the world. Illustrated. $1.50. Post 8vo. $1.60 Mysterious Stranger." Crown 8vo. $2.50. High Heart HARPER & BROTHERS Established 1817 When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 564 [December 6 THE DIAL a to THE STURDY OAK-A Composite Novel - This story of love, politics and woman's citizenship was written by fourteen American authors, each of whom did a chapter. The result of this literary experiment is a novel which, according to The New York Times, is "very clever" and "irresistibly readable.” The authors are Samuel Merwin, Harry Leon Wilson, Fannie Hurst, Dorothy Canfield, Kathleen Norris, Henry Kitchell Webster, Anne O'Hagan, Mary Heaton Vorse, Alice Duer Miller, Ethel Watts Mumford, Marjorie Benton Cooke, William Allen White, Mary Austin, and Leroy Scott. (Illustrated, Net, $1.40.) UNDERSTOOD BETSY THE WISHING-RING By Dorothy Canfield MAN By Margaret Widdemer People from seven to seventy enjoy this story of Betsy who escaped from being "understood" A bright idyl of the days when there was no and found herself and the big things of life among war, which introduces a new type of heroine, and her Vermont relatives. (Illustrated, Net, $1.30.) brings back the same rose garden and some of the same people that figured in the widely pop- THE SEVENTH ular "Rose-Garden Husband.” (Pogany frontis- piece, Net, $1.35.) CHRISTMAS THE FIVE BABBITTS By Coningsby Dawson AT BONNYACRES The soldier author of "Carry On" has written simply and reverently the story of Christ's sev- By Walter A, Dyer enth birthday. The book, charmingly bound and A story for young folks about a city family decorated, is fine remembrance to send that went back to the farm, told by the former friends this war-time Christmas. (Net, 50 cents.) editor of "Country Life in America." (Illustrated, Net, $1.30.) OVER JAPAN WAY PIONEERING WHERE By Alfred M. Hitchcock THE WORLD IS OLD An American layman tells what he saw of Japan, its people and institutions, and what he By Alice Tisdalo thought of them. An interesting collection of 85 This is an American woman's firsthand story photographs, carefully reproduced, adds to the of frontier adventure and homemaking in China, attractiveness. (Net, $2.00.) of trips into Manchurian wilds, and of hand-to- hand struggles with primitive nature. (Illustrated. Net, $1.50.) TOPOGRAPHY AND STRATEGY IN THE WAR ALSACE-LORRAINE By Douglas W. Johnson UNDER GERMAN RULE Makes clear to soldier or layman the topo- By Charles Downer Hazen graphical and strategic background of each great The case of Alsace Lorraine is here set forth campaign and gives a new basis for understand- in popular manner by one of the most eminent ing daily developments. (Maps and illustrations. and scholarly of American historians, who is Net, $1.75.) widely known for his “Europe Since 1815." (Net, $1.25.) ON CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF THE LITERATURE PLAYWRIGHT By Stuart P. Sherman By Clayton Hamilton Interesting studies of H. G. Wells, Dreiser, A book which like Mr. Hamilton's "The The- Bennett, George Moore, Anatole France, Synge, ory of the Theatre" is for all who are interested Austin, James, Meredith and others, by a leading in plays, play-writing and play production. American critic. (Net, $1.50.) (Net, $1.60.) THE SOUL OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION By Moissaye J. Olgin This is the story of Russia's revolution and what lay behind it told by a Russian journalist of note who has been connected with every important revolutionary movement of the past seven- teen years. It is virtually the first book from the inside, and is full of the color and interest of first-hand narrative. (Illustrated, Net, $2.50.) HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 19 West 44th Street New York City When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL THE DIAL VOLUME LXIII No. 755 DECEMBER 6, 1917 CONTENTS . • . . . . The POETRY OF STEFAN GEORGE William Kilborne Stewart 567 THE STRUCTURE OF LASTING PEACE H. M. Kallen 570 READING FOR CHILDREN Sidonie Matzner Gruen- berg . 575 LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE Robert Dell · 577 In the TrenchES Verse Richard Aldington 579 HENRY JAMES AND THE UNTOLD STORY Wilson Follett 579 A DEFENCE OF IDEALISM M. C. Otto . 582 THE FUTURE OF POLAND Frederic Austin Ogg :: 583 A FRIGID INTRODUCTION TO STRAUSS Edward Sapir · 584 FIRST FRUITS OF THE LITTLE THE- ATRE MOVEMENT Williams Haynes • 586 KING COAL Edith Franklin Wyati : 587 BRIEFS ON New BOOKS · 589 At the Front in a Flivver.-With Cavalry in the Great War.-How to Live at the Front.-The Dwelling Houses of Charleston, South Carolina.-The Supernat- ural in Modern English Fiction.—The Future of Constantinople.- Japan Day by Day.-A Country Child.-Old Seaport Towns of the South.--A History of the Great War.-Interiora Rerum.-Early Philadelphia.-Four Essays.-Balfour, Viviani and Joffre.—Richard Cumberland: His Life and Dramatic Works. Britain in Arms.—The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe.—The Old World through Old Eyes.- The United States Post Office.-Introduction to Sociology. NOTES ON NEW FICTION 596 The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney.-No. 13 Rue du Bon Diable.- Jap Herron.- Conquest.—The Man Who Killed.—The Optimist.-Long Live the King.--A Castle to Let.—The Dream Doctor. CASUAL COMMENT 598 CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED JUVENILE LITERATURE : 600 A SELECTED LIST OF CHRISTMAS BOOKS. . 605 NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES John E. Robinson Robinson : . 606 NOTES AND News 610 LIST OF BOOKS Received .612 LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE .614 GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor MARY CARLOCK, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN VAN WYCK BROOKS H. M. KALLEN RANDOLPH BOURNE PADRAIC COLUM ЈонN MACY WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY HENRY B. FULLER JOHN E. ROBINSON The Dual (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by The Dial Publishing Company, Inc. Published by The Dial Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 566 [December 6, 1917 THE DIAL BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS The Latest Volumes by Favorite Writers Clean, wholesome books-exciting, interesting, informative, inspiring. Just the kind of stories discriminating parents are glad to have their children read. Ellen Douglas Deland's new book THE WARING GIRLS The story of three charming sisters, loving, "falling out” and “making up," who have some exciting experiences in Clyde Corners. A de- lightful romance of American family life, thor- oughly interesting. Colored pictures. $1.35 net. Louise S. Hasbrouck's CHOKECHERRY ISLAND There are real thrills and an abundance of humor in this new story of three young people who spend a summer on the St. Lawrence and who become through necessity interested in some unusual war-time pursuits. Illustrated. $1.35 net. Laura E. Richards' new biography ABIGAIL ADAMS and her TIMES Girls will enjoy every page of this interesting story of the life of President Adams' wife. It is historically accurate and sheds new light on many incidents in her day. Illustrated. $1.35 net. Ralph Henry Barbour's latest HITTING THE LINE How Monty Crail was induced to enter Graf- ton College and how he surmounted many obstacles in his efforts to make good in his studies and to star on the gridiron as well. A fine story of "prep” school life. Colored pic- tures. $1.35 net. Joseph A. Altsheler's new Indian story THE RULERS OF THE LAKES Robert Lennox and his friend, Tayoga, set out to warn the garrison at Fort Refugé of the approach of hostile forces. Their adventures are thrilling and the part they play in the expedition to Lake George and Lake Cham- plain will hold you breathless. Colored pic- tures. $1.35 net. 0. P. Austin's war story UNCLE SAM'S BOY AT WAR The thrilling experiences of a young National Guardsman from his first day in camp until his participation in a great battle in Europe. Illus- trated. $1.00 net. William Heyliger's book for "fans" THE COUNTY PENNANT How a star pitcher overcame his faults and prejudices and made good for Captain Buddy Jones. Colored pictures. $1.35 net. A. Frederick Collins' THE HOME HANDY BOOK How to use tools and do the ordinary repair jobs around the house. Over 100 illustrations. $1.10 net. Hawley Williams' football story STRAIGHT AHEAD The story of a lazy boy who would rather play football than work—and how he woke up. Colored pictures. $1.35 net. Delightful Books to Read Aloud The Biggest Boys' Book of the Year THE BOY SCOUTS YEAR BOOK Edited by Franklin K. Mathiews What boys are doing and can do in war time; a message from President Wilson; articles by famous men; army and navy articles; 16 big fiction stories by pop- ular authors; things to do and make; hundreds of pictures. As big as three ordinary books in size and contents. Quarto, $1.50 net. By Frances R. Sterrett WILLIAM AND WILLIAMINA The romance of a lovable little girl whose family and friends consist of one man, Wil- liam, a recluse who cared for her since the day he found her, a tiny mite, abandoned in a row boat. Illustrated. $1.40 net. By Laura E. Richards PIPPIN An inspiring story of a man who sought and found the things worth while, in spite of his boyhood handicaps and his bitter experiences. $1.40 net. At all Bookstores. Send for new Illustrated Booklet. THESE ARE APPLETON BOOKS D. Appleton & Company, Publishers NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. 19 The Poetry of Stefan George Although the doctrine of art for art's Spirit of Modern German Literature") sake is commonly supposed to be peculiarly has indeed proclaimed him to be at present French in its origin and in its practical “the first lyrical poet in Europe. The manifestations, it has received a surpris. constant coupling of his name with that ing amount of theoretical support from of Hofmannsthal has perhaps been un- the German philosophers, at least one of fortunate. The Catholic Rhinelander and whom, Schelling, was largely instrumental the Viennese Jew hold many a critical in spreading it abroad. But there has theory in common, but while the latter has always been until recently a certain hesi- become little more than a talented echo, tation on the part of German writers to George alone of all his group has shown show themselves whole-souled votaries of genuine creative power and capacity for the idea, as if its reputed frivolity were development. His output is not large. repugnant to the high seriousness of the The fruit of twenty-five years of single- Teutonic mind with its strong didactic ten- minded devotion to his art consists of six dencies. It has remained for the present rather slender volumes, and it is significant generation in Germany to produce a group that of these the last three contain his of writers who for drastic theory and con- best work. sistency of practice may be fitly compared The starting-point of these young with Théophile Gautier or Oscar Wilde. innovators, who may be loosely called When in the early nineties a coterie of symbolists, was relentless opposition to young poets began circulating privately naturalism. As a counterblast to the their "Blätter für die Kunst," they were slogan of "truth in art,” Hofmannsthal at first ignored as sterile dilettantes, and asserted truculently: "Gedichte sind ge- later, when their very persistency chal- wichtlose Gewebe aus Worten.” George, lenged attention, decried as charlatans and with somewhat less the air of paradox, decadents. Gradually, however, the work has proclaimed his ideal to be “eine Kunst of Stefan George has won its way into frei von jedem Dienst, eine Kunst aus der critical esteem, since he first consented in Anschauungsfreude, aus Rausch und Klang 1899 to address a wider public. It is true und Sonne." A poem, in his opinion, that his appeal has been limited, for he should evoke and suggest, should hint a has deliberately restricted his audience by situation or delicately convey a mood, but all manner of devices, even seeking to should shun facts and logic and lessons frighten off the casual or careless reader on pain of foregoing its very nature. by the omission of capital letters and the Above all he has aimed steadily at the arbitrary misuse of punctuation. This creation of a new poetic style whose key- may seem to some like an intolerable pose, note is to be distinction. His characteristic adopted pour épater le bourgeois, but if mood is Olympian. He wants to be aus- consistency is any test of sincerity, then tere and aloof, draping himself in his George is indubitably sincere. In his dignity as if he were a high priest. He desire to protest against the commerciali- refuses to sentimentalize, to coruscate, to zation and vulgarization of literature, he write "with a punch, or to make any has never made the slightest concession to other sort of meretricious appeal. Un- the curiosity or taste of a public whose fortunately his inability to unbend or to suffrage he does not solicit. Yet fame of take himself and his poetic mission lightly an attenuated sort has come to him in betrays a lack of humor which the reader Germany. Abroad one seeks almost in may find grievous to bear. vain for any recognition of him, though a It is instructive to study George's be- recent voice (Ludwig Lewisohn in "The ginnings in the light of his subsequent 568 [December 6 THE DIAL accomplishments. He has collected the seems devitalizing. His poems appear early poems which he deems worthy of cold, detached, impersonal. This objective preservation in a volume called “Die mode of procedure has been made familiar Fibel.”. These verses are competent but by the Parnassian poets in France, but it ” relatively undistinguished. The tone is falls distinctly out of the German tradition. adolescently melancholy; love and death Platen almost alone among German poets are the favorite themes, handled some- has been similarly reserved and restrained. what in the traditional romantic fashion. Goethe, for all his aloofness, did at least Their most interesting feature is an occa- lay bare his breast, and Heine, with sional touch of decadence, which was to his reiterated “lay of a broken heart, appear as sensational anti-moralism in the introduced into lyric poetry the note of sequence of poems entitled “Algabal.” aggressive self-revelation. But innate The hero of the latter is the notorious Keuschheit der Seele prevents George and Roman emperor, Heliogabalus, whose ex- his fellows from indulging in any such ploits Gibbon has recorded with such expansiveness: unsparing detail. The lines which George Wir werden nicht mehr starr und bleich puts into the mouth of this imperial Den früheren Liebeshelden gleich, æsthete and pervert had a certain applica- An Trübsal waren wir zu reich, tion to himself at that time: Wir zucken leis und dulden weich. Mein Garten bedarf nicht Luft und nicht Wärme, Sie hiessen tapfer, hiessen frei, Der Garten, den ich mir selber gebaut, Trotz ihrer Lippen manchem Schrei; Und seiner Vögel leblose Schwärme Wir litten lang und vielerlei, Haben noch nie einen Frühling geschaut. Doch schweigen müssen wir dabei. In this connection it is significant of his It is not surprising, therefore, that the literary affinities at that time, that he public has been puzzled and frequently chose to translate Rossetti, Swinburne, alienated, the more so since George's con- Baudelaire, Verlaine, and Mallarmé. For densation of style and his studied avoid- tunately this taint of unwholesomeness did ance of trite phrases tend to considerable not endure. Since “Algabal” he has pub- obscurity. Still it would be a capital mis- lished nothing that could incur the re- take to suppose that behind the chiseled proach of perversity, and little that is perfection of these verses there is no even delicately depraved; and when he significant human experience. Occasionally resumed his work of translating a few a situation of tragic intensity is conveyed years ago, it was put into German portions to the reader by subtle suggestion. It of the "Divine Comedy.” becomes almost an exercise in intuition to George's poems are at the opposite pole attempt to divine the circumstances which from the simplicity, directness, and clear- have given rise to the poem and to gauge cut situations of the folk song. His love the poignancy of the author's feeling. lyrics deal not so much with individual George's conception of love is neither episodes as with typical stages of experi- wholly sacred nor wholly profane. It It has even been surmised that alternates curiously between the heathen friendship has played a greater part in his Eros and the Christian Caritas in a way life than love; but for this assumption which is characteristic of this incomplete there is no real warrant. What he seeks pagan with his Catholic predilections. to do is not to transmit a feeling at white Perhaps the poet is aware that all his heat or to reproduce a situation still earthly amatory experiences are but fleet- tremulous with life, but to pass his emo- ing symbols of an unrealizable love, a quest tions through the alembic of reflection in for what is forever beyond reach: order that the expression may be Denn meine Liebe schläft im Land der Strahlen. artistically purified. "Fühlend über dem The case of his nature poems is simpler. Gefühle zu stehen" is the way one of his There are no wild-woodland notes in his critics has described his attitude; and music. He sings by preference of tidy George himself has asserted his ideal to parks with neat paths, trimmed trees and be "eine Kunst über dem Leben, nachdem benches beneath them, ponds with swans sie das Leben durchdrungen.” To many floating gracefully on their surfaces, readers his process of artistic clarification glimpses of statuary in the boscage and ence. 1917] 569 THE DIAL of a villa in the background-decorative be rare in the more flatulent Prussia. As effects which one finds in certain of Böck- a Catholic he is mellow and wise with the lin's pictures. In the volume "Das Jahr garnered experience of Mother Church. der Seele" a group of symmetrically From certain poems in “Der Teppich des arranged poems on summer, autumn, and Lebens" one would think of him as sitting winter contains some of his most typical in his palace of art "holding no form of work of this sort. The absence of spring creed, but contemplating all.” Certain it is not accidental: there is little of the ver- is that his faith is not of the modern nal impulse, the hope of quickening life, progressive sort; yet it is by no means or the joy of youth, in this ripe and worldly narrowly dogmatic. It is tolerant enough wise poet. The following poem, much to include Pan and an occasional hint of praised by his friend Hofmannsthal, brings Priapus, but it admits of no compromise out the unsuspected beauties of a late with the gods of modern materialism. He autumn scene: has a proud consciousness of his spiritual Komm in den totgesagten Park und schau: vocation: Der Schimmer ferner, lächelnder Gestade, Ich bin ein Funke nur vom heiligen Feuer, Der reinen Wolken unverhofftes Blau Ich bin ein Dröhnen nur der heiligen Stimme. Erhellt die Weiher und die bunten Pfade. In one of his noblest poems, “Litanei," Dort nimm das tiefe Gelb, das weiche Grau, he has given a moving expression of his Von Birken und von Buchs; der Wind ist lau; soul's search after God. The evident Die späten Rosen welkten noch nicht ganz; Erlese, küsse sie, und flicht den Kranz. suggestions of Catholic ceremonial in these verses are echoed elsewhere, as in his Vergiss auch diese letzten Astern nicht, description of the elevation of the host: Den Purpur um die Ranken wilder Reben, Und auch was übrig blieb von grünem Leben, So sinken wir als Gläubige zu Grunde, Verwinde leicht im herbstlichen Gesicht. Verschmolzen mit der tausendköpfigen Menge, Die schön wird wenn das Wunder sie ergreift. The unwonted simplicity and clearness of these lines are doubtless due to the fact More appealing to the generality of his that they are merely descriptive. In many aspiration divorced from all confessional readers is the expression of religious other poems the sensuous impressions are secondary to the mood which they evoke, implications in the only lines from his or rather it is the unity of man with the poems which have become in any sense a familiar quotation: landscape which is brought out: Wir fühlen dankbar wie zu leisem Brausen Nicht vor der eisigen Firnen Drohendem Rätsel erschrick, Von Wipfeln Strahlenspuren auf uns tropfen, Und zu den ernsten Gestirnen Und blicken nur und horchen wenn in Pausen Hebe den suchenden Blick! Die reifen Früchte auf den Boden klopfen. In his so-called Zeitgedichte George There are occasional indications of an shows himself an uncompromising oppon- exotic longing, especially for the South, although George does not exhibit to the ent of the spirit of the present age with its full that Italomania which has character- materialistic greed, its craze for enjoy- ized so many German writers since the ment, and its mental and moral distrac- days of Winckelmann. From a southern tion. He has apparently no feeling for such virtues as the times may possess- shore he writes : In dieser Luft von Weihrauch und von Rosen, for example, the sharpening of the social Wo selbst der strenge Fürst des Endes leicht, conscience or our keener sense of spiritual Als sei er nur der Spender von Almosen, genuineness. His little poem “Hafenstadt Mit einem Lächeln durch die Lande schleicht. und Mutterstadt” is an apologue to show George's religiosity finds too constant the futility of what men are pleased to expression in his works to be lightly dis- call progress. The Mutterstadt, a spot of missed as the pantheistic prattle of the quiet beauty nestling in the hills, falls into average minor poet. It is manifestly a decay, while the Hafenstadt, filled with vital part of his inner life, however diffi- the blatant ugliness of modern commer- cult it may be to find a formula for it. As cialism, Aourishes apace. George's scorn a Rhinelander he is an heir of the oldest of the multitude, die Allzuvielen, is as civilization in Germany with a deep back- sweeping as Nietzsche's. The pessimism ground of cultural tradition which would in regard to contemporary conditions and 570 (December 6 THE DIAL LIFE OF NATIONALITY AND THE ECONOMIC STATES the aristocratic aloofness which are al- "den wert der Dichtung entscheidet nicht most inevitable concomitants of the der Sinn—sondern die Form." Thought doctrine of art for art's sake are all- and expression are inseparably wedded in pervasive. He has succeeded in preserv- his ideal and in his practice. His service ing his detachment even in the present of beauty is not incompatible with ideas, war and has resolutely refused to make convictions, or aspirations. Art for art's his art serve the patriotic muse. But that sake, then, never degenerates into art for his silence implies reprobation of Ger- technique's sake in the work of this austere many's conduct, no man can say. He is poet whose lyrics are, nevertheless, per- merely au-dessus de la mêlée. haps the best example of that striving after It has seemed advisable to emphasize perfection of form which is one of the most the content rather than the form of Stefan distinguishing marks of German literature George's poetry because of the persistent during the last quarter of a century. legend that he is obsessed by technique and WILLIAM KILBORNE STEWART. is little better than a juggler of words. Formally, indeed, his verse is remarkable enough. It is doubtful whether any other The Structure of Lasting Peace German poet has equaled him in verbal skill or in the achievement of a harmony III of sound that is at once so sumptuous and grave. His style is exceedingly compact, with an abundance of compound words and a frequent use of a genitive phrase in lieu The doctrine of sovereignty was a trans- of a whole clause. The numerous exple- fer of the divinity which hedgeth about a tives with which laxer German versifiers king” from the king to the body-politic as so often eke out their lines are rigidly such. It helped to protect states against eschewed by him. Metrically he is no the aggression of piratical dynasts, and great innovator, his favorite measure peoples against the strengthening of their being a simple four-line stanza with mas- exploiters' hands from without. Inter- culine and feminine rhymes alternating. fering in the internal affairs of a state is His greatest virtuosity is shown in his use down in the books as the international of rhymes, where he has revealed unsus- crime: internal affairs, like the English- pected resources in the German language. man's home, were a government's castle, “Hat ein Künstler einmal zwei Worte from medieval times taboo against entry miteinander gereimt," he has declared, and search. None the less, instances of "so ist eigentlich das Spiel für ihn ver- international entry and search count up braucht, und er soll es nie oder selten heavily, sometimes with good excuse and wiederholen." That is, of course, a coun- benevolent motives, as in the case of the sel of perfection which not even his dis- Hay note to Rumania or some aspects of ciplined talent has been able to fulfil to the interference of the Powers in the Bal- the letter. But the combinations dear to kan embroilments; mostly, however, on the the heart of the facile rhymester pretence of guarding capital-investing (for example, Herz-Schmerz, Brust-Lust , "nationals," or "self-defence," or what not. Liebe-Triebe) are totally absent from his They occur in states too weak to resist- writings. Alliteration and assonance are China, Persia, Turkey, Morocco, Belgium, freely, almost lavishly, employed, though Serbia. Not even America meddled with with more discrimination than Swinburne Russia's “internal affairs,” though there was accustomed to show. One runs con- was better cause than even in the case of stantly across such lines as these: Rumania, and not even Russia with Aus- Ein Wind umweht uns frühlingsweich; tria's, though there was as good cause as Sengende Strahlen senken sich wieder; in the case of Turkey. In point of fact, Und Luft und Land in lautrem Golde schwammen. sovereignty undefended by force is empty But George is never content with mere politically, and where an economic relation sensuous appeal, as might be inferred from exists between one state and another, a lie a superficial reading of his dictum that economically. 1917] 571 THE DIAL can Even with the maximum of political potentiality of victory in war and of reality, sovereignty cannot withstand the aggrandizement in peace. This rule has undermining effect of economic enterprise, been England's and it has been one of mag- particularly the enterprise of the modern nanimity and justice. But suppose that she industrial and commercial system. This had elected it should not be. system has automatically generated the Obviously, there is ground for con- economic interdependence of all mankind. sideration in the claim for "freedom of the Differences in basic natural resources give seas.” The power and authority to police the inhabitants of some parts of the world them ought not to rest in the interest or natural monopoly of one or another raw the whim of one state alone. Freedom material that can best be converted into a of the seas is like freedom of the streets : finished product in another part of the it requires a traffic policeman and a sema- world. There exists in the economy of phore—but the policeman must not be a mankind a rough division of labor between law unto himself. Responsibility for the the peoples of the earth, a division depend security of the international highways is ent on their resources and their abilities, international responsibility. Police power but kept rudimentary, reduplicative, and assure guaranteed protection only wasteful because the community of interest when it is responsible to a democratically which such a division implies is restricted constituted international authority, under by governmental policies of particularism, whose administration must come not only which are partly a survival in the medi- the ways upon the high seas, but terri- ævalism of the European dynastic systems, torially contiguous sea roads, like the Dar- largely a traditional privilege of interest- danelles, Gibraltar, the Suez and the and rent-receiving classes. The particu- Panama canals, and the harbor outlets to larism of warfare has served only to these ways, like Trieste, for landlocked exhibit more clearly how contrary it is to countries, like Austria and the Balkan its own needs, how doubly dependent states (it must not be forgotten that the modern states are on each other at just whole quarrel between Serbia and Bulgaria those points where their independence is turned upon Serbia's demand of access to most vigorously flaunted. For example: the sea), and for ice-bound countries, like Indispensable engines of war require rub- Russia. Restriction of access, discrimina- ber, sulphuric acid, nitrates, manganese. tion between states in the use of these Rubber is to be had mostly from Brazil, ways, have defined interstate relationships the East Indies, the Straits Settlements; and motivated policies of aggrandizement sulphur, in commercial quantities, only in ending invariably in war. For access or the United States, in Japan, in Sicily, and control have meant exclusive sovereignty pyrites, from which it may be derived, sea power: Peace, of which the largely in Spain; nitrates only in Chile; economic interdependence of nations is the manganese only in Russia, India, and Bra- backbone, can last only through the inter- zil. The blockade which cuts Germany off national control of international highways from these things cuts her off from neces- and terminals which this interdependence saries of war, and from how many other implies. Freedom of the seas means this necessaries, besides food, does it not cut and nothing else. It means the divorce of her off! Her denial of international obli- sovereignty from sea power. gation can be made effective only through Such a divorce would help little, how. international obligation. Hence her de- ever, without the coördinate divorce of mand for the "freedom of the seas” in sovereignty from trade and industry. The wartime. Try as she will, she cannot, in liaison of these two maintains the tariff the nature of things, be a modern state and system and requires the flag to follow the conduct a modern war, and be “self-suffi- dollar. In his “New Freedom” Mr. Wil- cient." Nor can any other state. son has made a very clear statement of the This means that sea-rule is of paramount evils worked by "protection" in this importance to all the states, for it is country: how it helps to arrest industrial dominion of the trade-arteries, which are progress, hinders invention, initiative, effi- the life-arteries of the world, the greatest ciency; exploits workingmen and restrains or 572 [December 6 THE DIAL the right division of labor among the ters (the basis of the revolution in Russia peoples of the world; employs the profits and the heart of the revolutionary pro- won through the man power of this gramme is land-reform) without restraint, country for the exploitation of the and in which the personal rather than the resources and populations of other coun- social control of law and property sus- tries. And what is true of republican tains the mediævalism of the society whose America is far truer of dynastic Germany leader is an autocrat and whose govern-, or Austria or Japan. The case for free ment is a bureaucracy. The social ideal is trade need not be here recapitulated, nor feudal. Its influence renders nugatory the the fallacies of protection. What is per- social character which private property in Ytinent is that protection makes for war. modern industrial society actually pos- It seeks to create a monopoly of produc- sesses, because in such states ownership tion or distribution which the modern and political rule are vested in the same economic system will not tolerate. With- persons, and government needs no sanc- out tariffs overproduction at home to tion from the governed for its continuity. undersell abroad, scrambling for exclusive Because the feudal order in Germany is possession of foreign markets so provoca- older and had the right of way, it is able tive of competitive armament, the immoral to make a tool of the highly modern indus- division of "backward" countries into countries into trial order which interpenetrates it, and is "spheres of influence" and "protectorates” in principle its enemy. From 1870 on, the -all these, and the other devices of capi- whole of German society was transformed talistic exploitation, would have had less into an engine of war to be used in a chance to wreak the social and political programme of conquest and domination. evil they are guilty of. This evil rests, in This programme is necessary to the secur- principle, upon the use of the power and ity of the ruling power, for its rule rests machinery of the commonwealth for the from its beginnings upon its agreement to accumulation of private property by anti- protect its subjects against enemies in social methods. Since the rise of modern return for their subjection. And if there industrial society capital has, to my knowl- be no enemies, self-defence demands their edge, failed in one case only of exploitation creation. Thus the whole Prusso-German of this rent-free privilege. This is the social system derives from the fiction, case of its attempt to use the blood and carefully nursed and tended, of perman- treasure of the American Commonwealth ent international rivalries and enmities. for the private benefit of American capi. The dynasty's control of education has talists in Mexico. President Wilson's wise made easy the manufacture and sustenance and firm course with regard to Mexico of a popular mood in harmony with dynas- constitutes an absolute break with inter- tic interest. German political, economic, national precedent. It warned foot-loose and social theory, German history and capital that it undertakes foreign adven- German theology and German metaphysics ture at its own risk, not the nation's. It have all been made, by the use of govern- creates precedent for the universal aboli- mental favor for academic place, to tion of one constant source of international expound the dogma that international war- irritation. For it compels capitalistic fare is the sine qua non of national prog- competition in undeveloped lands to ress, that the fulfilment of "the mission of stay as competition between individuals, Germany" depends upon depends upon the sword. whether personal or corporate, instead of "World power or downfall!" becoming war between the states whence ruin! Not nations, dynasties alone face the capital flows. the necessity of these alternatives, and the Only a democratic victory can convert cry for “a place in the sun," the concep- this precedent into a principle. States un- tion of "Mittel-Europa," the horrible der dynastic rule, like Germany,or Austria, animus against England are items in the or Japan, or Rumania, confuse economic dynastic struggle for self-preservation. prosperity with personal possession. They The national aid and comfort to the strug- are states in which landowners are mas- gler is—sovereignty. Rule or 1917] 573 THE DIAL That the whole affair is a fiction, a tions which precipitated this civil war somnambulism, any observer of the actual turned on restrictions as between Ser- structure of the world's economy must bia and Austria-Hungary. Without sov- recognize. In that structure Germany ereignty, that is, exclusive possession, a had a distinguished and beneficent part. state is, under ordinary conditions, shut off Dynastic pretensions had no share in this from economic growth. The alternative, part. It was the fruit of the scientific has ever been-rule or ruin. In this assiduity, the conscientious workmanship, respect, democratic states differ from dy- the regard for the customer, of the Ger- nastic ones only in degree. man manufacturer and merchant. These There is a maxim that capital knows no gave Germany an increasingly important nationality, that it is international, using i ‘place in the sun,” spreading, by their nations simply for the purpose of exploit- excellence, not only the products of Ger- ng other nations. Whether this be so or man technological superiority, but German not, labor consciously aspires to inter- “Kultur,” in South America, in the Near nationality, and its aspiration is a reflex East, and the Far East, and in Europe and from the indisputable fact that in the in the United States. They were wel- economy of mankind the wealth of nations comed, too, as an enrichment of the lives is international. As soon as this economy of the peoples in those parts of the world, is freed from the repressive stress toward as a reënforcement in the_coöperative exclusive sovereignty, it must of its own enterprise of civilization. The dynasty weight and momentum, automatically, pro- demanded, however, instead of conquest long peace. by excellence, conquest by war-possession For the economic enterprise is an instru- and rule. "That," it declares, "cannot be ment, not an end. It provides the matter Germanism, which is not inherent in the of the body-politic, but not its mind. This German state and does not acknowledge mind is the social personality, the national- the German ruler. The German state ity, of a human aggregate, the product of must hold dominion wherever there are its generous and spontaneous energies, of men of German stock, and if other states its free self-expression—its culture. In and other stocks intervene, the German this a people's personality lives and moves state must hold dominion over them." and has its being, not in the economic The consequences in German diplomatic order. That is undoubtedly the founda- and spy, systems, military organization, tion of our house of life, but we live not in, and duplicity are notorious. Sovereignty, but on, the foundations. Those exist only concentrated in a dynasty, is at once an for the sake of the superstructure, and international bully, a vicious economic pro- the firmer the base, the freer and securer gramme in the shape of a tariff system, a the movement of those who dwell upon it. perversion of industry from its proper An internationalized economic order is in- function, and a trampling of weak peoples dispensable to the liberation of nationality. first through exploitation, then through The claim to exclusive sovereignty in the conquest and repression. economic world has led to repression in Exploitation consists mainly in the the cultural. the cultural. Policies of Teutonification manipulation of the external conditions of or Ottomanization or Magyarization or the life of a people to their disadvantage. Russification applied by dynastic states to Exploitation is hindering their free use of subject or conquered peoples were policies roads, harbors, any means of communica- of murder of social personalities. They tion without which the development of were guided by the belief that the repres- their resources is useless; it is appropria sion and replacement of one language and tion of these resources or, where that is culture by another would lead to acquies- impolitic, discrimination against their de- cence in foreign dominion, making foreign velopment by means of a “protective” rule easier by forced abolition of its tariff. The second Balkan war turned on foreignness. Nothing could have been such limitations, as between Serbia and blinder. A social personality, a national- Bulgaria, and the Austro-Serb complica- ity, resists murder as does an individual, 574 [December 6 THE DIAL and is infinitely harder to kill. Exploita- vide for equality of commercial oppor. tion and even slavery are tolerated, as tunity—for equal access to undeveloped the non-political and non-resistant Jewish lands, to raw materials, to carriers, to har- nationality has tolerated them. But it is bors, to markets. Law must provide for . significant that it has clung to its cultural the freedom of the highways of the world integrity and spiritually dominated its to the peoples of the world. These are masters. So with all nationalities. Assault the economic implications of the “princi- on spiritual values is met with immediate ple of nationality,” and so the safeguards and powerful resistance: it is this assault of lasting peace. that makes war between civilized peoples Their attainment has for its first con- most of all inevitable. Idition that there be banished from the Historically the assault derives from a council of nations any power whose exist- false equation which the necessities of ence is identified in fact as well as in dynastic survival in the modern world assumption with a programme of exclu- formulate. The political state, declares sive sovereignty. Such an identity exists I the equation, is identical with its economic in the case of dynastic governments of rule interests and its economic interests with its or ruin, so that President Wilson's refusal nationality. Once more we have the dogma to treat with the present German govern- of exclusive sovereignty. Its falsity also ment is well-advised. But it must not be in this form need not be argued. We may forgotten that there are others. observe the precedent and example of its Let no one regard the enactment and contradictory in the economic history of administration of such law as Utopian. the “sovereign states" of the United States Even realpolitiker, like Mr. Root, and of America, a nation of local state govern- congenital tories, like Mr. Roosevelt, will ments and diversified nationalities, freely admit that in our present alliance against associating as cultural groups, freely co- the murderous German dynasty necessity has forced at terrible cost what intelli- operating in the free trade of interstate commerce, its members citizens at once of gence could have achieved with ease. the American Commonwealth and of the of America and our allies are to-day respective states. Time was when eco- avowedly what we have long been uncon- nomic rivalry was as bitter between these nity. We do maintain what is practically sciously, a coöperative economic commum states as between the European, and tariff a free trade, we have pooled our carriers, wars and military conflict were not un- we have internationalized the world's heard of. But our federal system has highways, we are preventing profiteering allowed the prosperity of each state to in restraint of international trade. Our act, as in the course of nature it had to, commerce with our allies has become a as a direct function of the prosperity of rudimentary interstate commerce. Our vits fellows. There is no silly talk about economic interests are socialized, and the "the balance of trade" between states, and socialization is in effect a limitation upon other incidents of bookkeeping. The the sovereignty of each state in the ineluctable fact of the interdependence alliance. At the same time the acknowledg- of the “sovereign states” is incorporated ment and recognition of the social person- into, not opposed by, the laws of the states. alities, the nationalities within the alliance, International commerce is only interstate is enhanced, even of Australia and Can- commerce writ large and the problems ada. That is what coöperation does. If of its control and regulation are of the it is an advantage for the wastage of war, same kind. The ineluctable fact of the eco- what may it not mean for the use of peace! nomic interdependence of mankind must Its form and technique need only to be be written into the laws of nations as it studied, perfected, and extended, to has been written into those of the states. become the form and technique of the life Law must declare and reënforce the fact of nations under the provisions of a demo- that the foundation of national prosperity cratically established peace. is international comity. Law must pro- H. M. KALLEN. We 1917] 575 THE DIAL Reading for Children We take it for granted that children right quite as often as the converse. Nev- will read. Reading is so important an ertheless, these primitive stories have their instrument in present-day adjustment that value, although they should not be ad- we expect it of every person as a matter ministered in excessive quantities. Per- of course. We depend so much upon haps the best antidotes to the undesirable reading for our intercourse with others, fairy tales are other fairy tales—that is, with those who are separated from us in tales from varied sources. The different space or in time, that we are very apt to manner and the contrasting mode of attribute to reading certain powers and thought suggested by Hungarian and virtues that really belong elsewhere, and Irish tales, by Chinese and Danish tales, we are apt to value reading as something help to widen the outlook and the sympa- having a virtue of its own. And thus we thies when a more restricted repertory is are in danger of overlooking the very ob- likely to fix prejudice and intolerance. jects that reading is to serve. The myths and hero tales stress courage For the youngest readers the book may and fidelity and self-confidence, and fur- be a source of entertainment, since the nish a natural transition to the romance story interest is prominent; and reading and chivalry of early adolescence. At becomes for many a form of passive in- every stage so far these stories give body dulgence and absorption that calls for little to the common racial aspirations, they action or thinking. But while it is legiti- help to clarify certain types of ideals, and mate to use books, both for younger chil- to interpret the familiar human relations. dren and for older ones, as a form of As they "feed the imagination,” they lay entertainment, the danger suggested lies the foundation for the later appreciation not in the books themselves, but in other of poetry. elements of the child's environment—as The personal interest that makes these the lack of stimulus or opportunity for in- earlier forms of literature so appealing to teresting activities. The other purposes young children can be directed into history of reading can be more easily attained if and biography. The value of the latter the child early becomes familiar with the is commonly exaggerated on the assump- use of books; and this is made possible if tion that they furnish important informa- the association with reading is from the tion. tion. The chief value, at least so far as beginning a pleasant one. the development of ideals and standards The story interest of the young child is is concerned, would seem to lie in their used almost unconsciously the world over concreteness and reality rather than in the as a channel for stimulation and inspira- specific significance of the facts and events tion. The fairy and folk tales of all coun- they teach. they teach. The drama and the best fic- tries satisfy the interest and at the same tion give the child more valuable pictures time suggest crude interpretations of na- of life than he is likely to get from his- ture and elemental aspirations, in keeping tory and biography as they are ordinarily with the child's mental and emotional de- written. History and biography are velopment. They reach the child's needed to assure him that the truths of imagination at a time when he can easily fiction are substantially representative. project himself into the personality of the Like the "unreal" stories considered hero, and thus enrich his vicarious experi- suitable for younger children, history and ence in a large variety of relations and biography should teach about people and situations which he can appreciate. plots, about conflict of purposes and of That the "morals" of many fairy and ideals, about achievement and failure. folk tales are at least dubious, is gener. And above all, in selecting books of this ally recognized. They do indeed often class, we must guard the child against teach the triumph of virtue, but quite as books written to cultivate intolerance and often the advantage of deceit and cun- chauvinism and bigotry. People and ning. Or they teach that might makes events should carry the reader beyond his 576 [December 6 THE DIAL village and his neighbors, and bring him one thing, there are not enough sons and close to men and women of worth in all daughters of employers to go round. times and all places. In the third place, much of youth's read- The many and diverse appeals to the ing is to meet the normal craving for a buyer of books for children tend to con- rationalized interpretation of nature's fusion, with the frequent result that mysteries; and the older books necessarily recourse is had to the old and safe stand- overlooked the great discoveries in every ards of our own earlier years. We know department of science. There are com- that our reading did not hurt us, and as- paratively few children who will care to sume that therefore it is harmless for the pursue science and nature studies inten- new generation. And it is true that the sively; but every child should at least have reprints of older juvenile literature repre- the opportunity to have his questions sent the survivors in a rather severe se- answered in accordance with the best lective process. Yet in many respects the knowledge of our times. The newer books newer books written especially for chil- in this field are not only more valuable dren have decided advantages over their because of the more trustworthy informa- tried competitors holding over from the tion they contain; but they are coming past. more and more to be characterized by a In the first place, the purposeful books modern point of view. of the past were written down to the chil. There is a peculiarly persistent Victor- dren, for the most part -diluted and ian affectation that there are some books simplified versions of adventure and mor- that "every child should know." This alities conceived essentially from the notion has its roots in the renaissance; but adult point of view. With our greatly it needs to have its branches pruned. extended knowledge of the child's mind, Every child should know the world in the new juvenile literature is better which he lives as thoroughly as it lies in adapted to reach the interest, the under- him to know it. This world includes tra- standing, and the emotions of the young ditional lore and characters, "classic" tales reader. It is, so to speak, more "effi- and long-enduring, if not eternal, verities. cient" as a vehicle for transmitting ideas It is well to assimilate a great deal of this or moral impulses. intellectual background. But it is more In the second place, the external world urgent to learn the present world and the of human relations has changed so rap- world in which he is going to live. Some idly within the lifetime of the parents of children are inclined to organize their the children that books which were ade- ideas on a basis of historical retrospect- quate sources of information concerning they ask, What came before that, and be- foreign countries, how people live, indus- fore that? Others, however, no less in- trial conditions, and so on, are no longer telligent and no less valuable as social adequate-except perhaps as "historical” assets, seem to be quite indifferent to what documents. As sources of information, went before; they are the pragmatists who books of travel, books on man's achieve- ask, What of it?—and look to see what ments, even fiction, must be quite recent- can be done here and now. Moreover, if the child is to get from them a reliable while the classics should be accessible to picture of the social world in which he all, it is worse than useless to cultivate an lives. The books that relate the strug- affectation of appreciation for "the best" gles and triumphs of the boy or girl who —and it is desirable to cultivate the reali- went to work at an early age and even- zation that classics are always and every- tually married the employer's daughter where in the process of making. (or son, as the case might be) no doubt Guidance in reading is not a thing by did well enough in their day; one could itself. Like other efforts to direct chil. make a lengthy catalogue of their virtues. dren's development, it must take into ac- But there should be no place for these count individual differences, capacities, books in the hands of children to-day: for and needs. Reading must reach the in- 1917] 577 THE DIAL terests of the child as he is, not as we Literary Affairs in France think he ought to be. And it must be opportune, not only from considerations (Special Correspondence of The DIAL.) of local and temporary conditions and Louise de La Vallière, the mistress of Louis events, but from the viewpoint of the XIV, ended her days, as everybody knows, in child. a Carmelite convent, where she died in 1710 Much thought has been given to at the age of 64. Mlle. Eve Lavallière, who building up a new literature for younger is not yet 64 although she is a grandmother, children. More needs just now to be seems to have been moved by the example of given by parents and teachers to the in- her celebrated namesake, for it has been an- troduction of the young reader to lit- nounced recently that she is about to leave the erature intended primarily for adults. stage for the Carmelite order. She was inter- The transition from the reading of juven- viewed in her apartment in the Champ Ely- iles to the reading of books intended sées, stripped of its furniture, where the re- primarily for adults is beset by special porters found her in the kitchen by the side of difficulties, like all other transitions in her truckle-bed, dressed in rough material and the child's adjustment. Parents and accompanied only by a faithful dog and an teachers should face the situation with equally faithful and weeping maid. Mlle. La- vallière informed the reporters that a country more assurance, however, than is com- curé had led her to a state of grace during her mon. We do not seem to hesitate about last summer holiday; "if you only knew," she placing in the hands of young people the said, "what happiness it is to have faith.” This adult novels of a past generation—those of Dickens, Scott, or Victor Hugo. Project of the popular actress of the Variétés has is, unfortunately, an age of skepticism and the Neither should we fear to give them ac- been somewhat skeptically received in Paris. In cess to the good novels of contemporary the “Temps" M. Paul Souday has pointed out writers. Mrs. Fisher's “The Bent that, although the transition from the stage to Twig,” Ernest Poole's "The Harbor," or the convent is not extraordinary, perhaps even Joseph Conrad's "Under Western Eyes," quite natural,—he cites the historic example of as beginners, may contain a great deal Thaïs,—the doors of Carmelite convents are not that is over the head” of the boy or girl. open to anybody that chooses to walk in, and But there is no harm in that, and in gen- Mlle. Lavallière does not seem yet to have taken eral we must recognize that a high-grade the necessary preliminary steps. He suggests that piece of fiction will contain more than her decision is not perhaps final and, indeed, it is most readers can immediately assimilate; already rumored that she may shortly be seen the young reader will get what he can, again on a Parisian stage. When I last saw her, and he is likely to ignore what does not some little time before the war, she had the part concern him. of a boy of sixteen in M. Népoty's play, "Les It is out of the question for any per- Petits,” at the Théâtre Antoine, and she both son to read everything that must be passed looked and played it to perfection. upon before being offered to children's M. Paul Géraldy's first play, “Les Noces d'Ar- use. It is necessary to consult annotated gent,” has just been published by Messieurs Crès lists of classified reading, made up by in a volume at four francs. The reading of it librarians or others interested primarily has confirmed the impression that its first per- in selection, rather than by dealers or pub- it is the best play that we have been given for formance at the Comédie Française made on me; lishers, who are interested primarily in a very long time and altogether a remarkable marketing. And since it is possible to obtain competent counsel about particular ture of its young author. Its theme is the tyr- work which promises well for the dramatic fu- books, the value and the character of chil- anny of the family, especially in France, a dren's reading ought to rise about as fast tyranny arising from affection but no less dis- as we care to give the problem our best astrous on that account. We see the inevitable thought. misunderstandings and estrangements between SIDONIE MATZNER GRUENBERG. parents and children caused by the failure of the 578 [December 6 THE DIAL former to understand that their offspring, at a The Italian defeat has naturally renewed the certain age, have the right to direct their own pessimistic tendencies that American intervention lives. Perhaps the play would not be fully in the war had dissipated. When America came understood in America or England, where par- in, a victory for the Central Empires seemed ents do not, as many do here, expect their chil- quite impossible, and now they have shown that dren even when they are married and have set they are still capable of inflicting a serious blow up homes of their own to live in their pockets, on the Allies. That does not mean that they so to speak, and to ask their opinion on every will obtain the ultimate victory, but everybody occasion. But even in America and England here realizes how serious would be the conse- there is often the failure of the older generation quences if the north of Italy were occupied by to understand that the younger is not necessarily the enemy. It need not, of course, be assumed wrong because it does not accept all the opinions that that will happen; we can still hope that the and judgments of its elders. It is amusing to advance of the Germans and Austrians will be observe how often even men that have been checked, but opinion is prepared to face the counted as “advanced" and really were so up to worst, if it should come. a certain age, become at that age fixed in their Many people share the opinion of M. Briand opinions and accessible to no new ideas and are that it was a mistake to refuse consideration of the most determined opponents of any views more the peace proposals made to him by Germany. advanced than their own. The conservatism of If it be true, as M. Briand says, that Germany the middle-aged is one of the chief obstacles to was prepared to restore the complete independ- the progress of the world. There are certain ence of Belgium, cede Trieste and the Tridentine faults in M. Géraldy's play; he sometimes forces to Italy, and even, on conditions, Alsace-Lor- the note. Thus, the parting of the daughter raine to France, it might have been wiser to from her parents after her marriage at the end allow M. Briand to go to Switzerland to meet of the first act is not quite natural. Even a Prince von Bülow, as he was invited to do. He French jeune fille, who sometimes marries merely would then have been able to ascertain whether in order to get a little liberty, does not leave the the proposals were really serious and, if so, to home of her childhood without regret. obtain a definite and detailed programme to lay The before the other Allies. It would be impossible tyranny of the bourgeois French family is begin- ning to break down-young girls, in particular, to make peace at the expense of Russia, but the demands of Germany in regard to Russian ter- are acquiring more liberty and that detestable ritory might have been withdrawn in the course word "convenable" is losing its power—but “Les of negotiations. Evidently Germany will never Noces d'Argent" is still timely. make a peace proposal that the Allies can accept A wholesome corrective to the indiscriminating as it stands without discussion. The sole ques- abuse of the Russian Revolution, which has been tion is whether every proposal is to be refused too common here, will be found in M. Charles at once without examination. M. Briand con- Rivet's book, "Le Dernier Romanoff" (Paris; siders that M. Ribot put the matter in such a Perris). M. Rivet, who was for a long time way to the British, Italian, and Russian govern- the Petrograd correspondent of the "Temps," ments that a negative reply on their part was gives an account of the old régime which should inevitable. The Chamber, at its secret session convince the most conservative that any change on October 16, seems to have taken M. Briand's must have been for the better. When one real- view, for M. Ribot was obliged to retire from izes the appalling heritage of bankruptcy and office in consequence of his conduct in the matter, universal disorganization that Tsarism left to The first proposals were made to M. Briand the revolution, one understands the present through the intermediary of a distinguished Bel- situation in Russia, which can never be put gian, who has remained in his own country since straight so long as the war lasts. Instead of the German occupation and was allowed to condemning the Russians for wanting peace, we come to France through Switzerland to see M. ought to sympathize with their tragic situation Briand. Both the Belgian and the Rumanian and admire their heroism in standing loyally by governments agreed with M. Briand that the their Allies and refusing to accept the separate German proposals, without being acceptable as peace which they could have to-morrow on the they stood, were a sufficient basis for negotia- most favorable terms. tions. 1917] 579 THE DIAL Internal politics are still in a disturbed con- Henry James and the Untold dition, owing to the various politico-judicial "af- fairs." M. Léon Daudet's letter to the Presi- Story dent of the Republic accusing M. Malvy, late THE Ivory Tower and The Sense OF THE PAST. minister of the interior, of treason, caused an By Henry James. (Charles Scribner's Sons; immense sensation. The government, after hav- each, $1.50.) ing refrained from prosecuting M. Daudet for In these two posthumous fragments of Henry calumnious denunciation, made the mistake of James we find consummation without comple- accusing the royalist league, the Action Fran- tion-consummation of the author as spectacle, çaise, of which M. Daudet is a leading member, as object of the appreciative regard, without com- of a plot against the Republic. After numerous pletion of either of his cherished pieces of ma- police raids no conclusive evidence of a plot was terial. It is not too much to say that the stroke discovered and the charge had to be abandoned. which cuts these off, at the end of the first third ROBERT Dell. or thereabout, has the undesigned yet singularly Paris, November 8, 1917. valuable effect of turning Henry James himself into the hero, the very centre and fulcrum of interest, of either tale; Henry James being here In the Trenches the name for a particular kind of appreciation of life fused with a particular kind of fictional I. method. These two, the appreciation and the Not hat we are weary, method become one, make up the whole of our Not that we fear, later Henry James-not, one hastens to add, Not that we are lonely because he narrowed his appreciation to the con- Though never alone fines of a narrow and special method, but be- Not these, not these destroy us; cause he deepened and intensified his method But that each rush and crash until it included the sum of his appreciation of Of mortar and shell, life. He became our one example of the per- Each cruel bitter shriek of bullet fected identity of the man with the artist That tears the wind like a blade, Each wound on the breast of earth, through the evolution of the artist, not through Of Demeter, our Mother, the devolution of the man. It is of this evolu- Wounds us also, tion and this identity that we get, in "The Ivory Severs and rends the fine fabric Tower” and “The Sense of the Past,” the Of the wings of our frail souls, uniquely clinching evidence. Scatters into dust the bright wings Each of the tales breaks off but to leave us Of Psyche! in possession of three- or four-score pages of dic- II. tated “notes,” wherein we see the author think- Impotent, ing himself toward and into his subject, feeling How impotent is all this clamour, This destruction and contest. . . his way about in it, studying it in every bear- ing and implication, recording and strengthening Night after night comes the moon his possession of it, watching its possibilities more Haughty and perfect; and more radiantly dawn for him. In these Night after night the Pleiades sing notes, never meant for print, we have our dis- And Orion swings his belt across the sky. Night after night the frost covery and our compensating thrill. We must Crumbles the hard earth. indeed do without the accustomed thrill: that of the Henry James subject wrought through Soon the spring will drop flowers to the catching of every thread into its place And patient, creeping stalk and leaf in the pattern, until the whole becomes instantly Along these barren lines Where the huge rats scuttle accessible at one pounce of the reader's atten- And the hawk shrieks to the carrion crow. tion. But to have had that would have been to miss the excitement of this other triumph, the Can you stay them with your noise ? Then kill winter with your cannon, capture, not of Henry James's subject, but of Hold back Orion with your bayonets Henry James himself in the act of capturing it. And crush the spring leaf with your armies! Elsewhere we behold his spectacle-taking, in the RICHARD ALDINGTON. measure of our responsiveness, his point of view 580 [December 6 THE DIAL and his place, becoming in truth himself. Here Past” promised all the rich, full orchestral reso- we behold rather the beholder. We see his nance of novels such as “The Ambassadors" and mind perform upon his material the very op- “The Wings of the Dove”; yet, in its entire erations our minds would have to perform upon dissimilarity from anything else that even James the finished story if it existed; we trace his whole could have written, it is as isolated and self- coherent series of guesses, anticipations, specula- sufficing as "The Great Good Place" or "The tions, doubts, solutions; we see him in short as Madonna of the Future" or "The Turn of the an absorbed reader of the stories that were not Screw.” Not even its author had ever under- yet written, precisely as we have ourselves been taken to add such warmth and spaciousness of readers of the other stories, the ones that are treatment to such amazing virtuosity of design. written. Elsewhere, the Henry James story It is easier on the whole to describe the design gives itself up to the reader. Here, it is only than the treatment, and by that law which makes to the author that it gives itself up; and what it easier to describe a product of fancy than one the reader gets is the author himself. The of imagination. It is a trick of the fancy that prefaces to the New York edition give us a re- James practised upon Ralph Pendrel, the "first trospective account of how Henry James told the young man" of "The Sense of the Past." An story that cannot be told; they are jotted notes of oddly untraveled, unworldly young American how a done thing was done. But these newer man, author of "An Essay in Aid of the Read- and more astounding notes are prefaces in a ing of History," in love with a notion of his much more elemental sense: prefaces, not to an own that the spirit of time past can be recovered edition, but to the very doing of a thing for- as no one has yet had the fine sensibility to ever to remain undone. recover it, he tumbles through such an open That, and the publication of both documents trapdoor of the bygone as not his most extrava- at once, constitutes their equality and their unity. gant moment could have dreamed the existence There is no other equality; and the circumstances of. On the death of a distant English cousin in common between the two projects emphasize, he "comes in for” a house in London, "some- as hardly anything else could, their differences thing strange and storied, ancient and alien.” in pretension, in design, in scope. "The Ivory Hardly sooner has he taken his first preliminary Tower," if a great thing, is great in the smallest peep at it than he exchanges identities with a ways associable with its author. A study essen- young man of 1820—a young man in one of tially of money, of those who have it not and the portraits within the house. His "sense of of those who have it thrust upon them, of the the past" projects him, we are given to under- lengths to which some will go, and others will stand, into the period, the personal situation, not, to get it or keep it, the story probes shrewdly the very love story, of that remote ancestral rel- into some aspects of our American social scene. ative, his other self of 1820; which other self, But it belongs among such late and relatively a person with an exactly corresponding "sense little things as "The Outcry" and "The Sacred of the future," is left in turn to explore the Fount," without the beguiling farce of the one strange delights of his future—that is, the pres- or the uniquely confessional purpose of the other. ent out of which Pendrel has just dropped. It confirms and ratifies, it annotates, it re- These paired situations, that of the modern exhibits an artificer supremely concerned with young man fallen into the wrong century to the alternation and distribution of his points take up in medias res the love story of his proto- of view, passionately and gaily resolved "to type, carrying it forward with a vaguely sensed achieve the lucidity with the complexity"; but disquietude and “malaise," and that of his shad- it changes or enlarges nothing. "The Sense owy alter ego projected forward by a century of the Past," on the other hand, changes every- into a modern and alien world—what do they not thing. It alters the shape, pushes out the bounds, mean, in possibilities, values, "force and felicity,” of the whole Henry James world, adds a sub- to Henry James? They mean, of course, every- stantial figure to the sum of imaginings, achieve- thing; or at least they promise everything, and ments, beauties, perfections. Fitly, James could would as surely have meant it had he been given turn back to it from his appreciation of Rupert the time to make them do so. But, centrally Brooke, at a time when “The Ivory Tower" and especially, they mean the general superiority had ceased to hold him. “The Sense of the and rightness of the present as compared with 1917] 581 THE DIAL the past. This was Henry James's faith, one while he, with her assistance, shaking her off deciphers, as well as his paradox. Loving old after he has, as it were, used her, wins his way perfections as he did, he yet had the grace to see back to it and out of her sight and sense for that only the lapse of time had made them old; ever.” precisely in time lapsed is our modern advantage, There are more meanings here than can be our thing to value. It is only on the present that convoyed into so narrow a harbor as this review. everything else comes to focus, only for it that There is, for example, abundant suggestion of everything was made. This, surely, is the mean- the way Henry James valued the past—that is, ing of Pendrel's "malaise" as he falls in love with as something best worth knowing because to the wrong sister and tries to make himself believe know it lends sense and direction to one's love of that she is the right one; this is the meaning the present, which must, out of dead things, faded of his instinctive cry at first sight of the right beauties, livingly re-create itself. Here too is sister: “'Why she's modern, modern!” The the disproof—not indeed that we could not find same meaning is wrought into Pendrel's dim, it everywhere else-of Miss Rebecca West's the- groping sense of the chivalrous amenities and ory of Henry James's "odd lack of the historic gentilities of modern intercourse, the like of sense." "He had," she writes, “a tremendous which he looks for in vain in the hard and sense of the thing that is and none at all of the rather too grossly hearty Georgian social life; thing that has been, and thus he was always being it is wrought as well into the others' blank fail- misled by such lovely shells of the past as Hamp- ure to make him out, their conclusion that what ton Court into the belief that the past which is really the stifled modern in him can only be inhabited them was as lovely.” Other judg- a queer kind of transatlantic cleverness. And, ments, of the same critic and of others, are put most touchingly, it is suggested in the pained and out of countenance by this most challenging of protesting reappearances of Ralph's alter ego, the books that can never be written. who, poor troubled ghost, is no more quite con- But I brush aside a dozen such matters to end tent with his fulfilled dream of the future than on a suggestion that in "The Sense of the Past" is Ralph with his of the past, and who must we have the rounding out and ultimate logic of return to show a hurt face on the occasions of the international novel as Henry James created Ralph's doing and feeling such things as no it. His one constant material formula was to youth of 1820 could have done and felt. study different, not necessarily opposed, types of The chief of these "deflections” is Ralph's ap- breeding at their best—that is, crystallized each preciation of the right, the "modern,” sister, in its best possible human products. That he who makes him feel "the beautiful pity of her does even in “The Ivory Tower," where, al- divination" of his malaise. To her, in what was though the characters are of American extraction, evidently to have been a movingly climactic the hero's attitude toward most things, and es- scène à faire, Ralph pours out everything that pecially toward money, is more of the Old World he means, everything that the author too means, than of the New. He had done the same in about past and present. Even the denatured such early novels as "Roderick Hudson" and prose of the notes opens here immense perspectives "The American.” Most often, his types of of emotion, of effect, of truth: "For it would bestness cross oceans to produce their effects on seem to me kind of sublime that he now, at each other; sometimes they touch across gaps of last now, opening up, opening out, everything time, as in “The Aspern Papers," a drama of that he has had before to keep back, tells her generations, epochs; rarely, they overleap the such things about those fruitions of the Future very barriers of our common materiality, to live which have constituted his state, tells her of for a few breaths, as in "The Great Good Place," how poor a world she is stuck fast in compared for beauty or for terror that knows nothing of with all the wonders and splendours that he is local habitations and names. In "The Sense of straining back to, and of which he now sees only the Past" all three of these appeals are superposed and fused into one. the ripeness, richness, attraction and civilisation, Continents and capitals the virtual perfection without a flaw, that she touch; then interpenetrates with now; and both stands dazzled before it and can only be shut space and time exist only as symbols, in the time- up in the heartbreak of remaining so far back less and spaceless world of the story that can- behind it, so dismally and excludedly out of it, not be told. WILSON FOLLETT. 1 1 1 1 23 1 582 [December 6 THE DIAL A Defence of Idealism self unaffected by the changes characteristic of mental life. So, too, we read again, there is A DEFENCE OF IDEALISM. By May Sinclair. (The unity behind the phenomena of nature. "The Macmillan Co.; $2.) law of conservation of energy is nothing if not Philosophical literature is notoriously dry read- a confession that, as far as the physical world ing. We are accustomed to hold the subject goes, incorrigible multiplicity and difference do responsible for the repellent style in which it not obtain.” Mysticism, realism, pragmatism, appears, and are therefore always surprised to vitalism—all are compelled to contribute to the come upon a philosophical study which is under- force of the argument. One cannot say that standable without great effort. If, in addition, it the logic is always sound. One cannot agree, sparkles with wit and good humor, as does May for example, that since science recognizes the Sinclair's defence of philosophical idealism, we ultimate constitution of matter to be energy, are as likely to condemn it as “popular” as to and since it is agreed that the so-called material find it a rare achievement. qualities are not found in it, we may conclude It was like a woman to come to the defence that this energy is spiritual, and that following of the under dog. Every dog has his day even the path of physics we arrive inevitably at an in philosophy, and philosophical idealism had a absolute experience as the final reality. No; long day. Indeed, it is difficult to tell, accord- ing to the author, whether the evident twilight lively, readable. not always sound, but always keen, vigorous, of idealism follows a sunset or precedes a sun- It is doubtful, however, whether the book rise. "There is a certain embarrassment," she will please the idealists unless the idealistic tem- writes, “in coming forward with an Apology perament has recently become much less dog- for Idealistic Monism at the present moment. matic as the result of successful attacks upon You cannot be quite sure whether you are put- the idealistic position. Dogmatism is, at all ting in an appearance too late or much too events, quite foreign to May Sinclair's book. early." Of one thing, however, we may be She aims at a tentative solution. sure, she thinks, that idealistic monism, if dead, It is not, and it cannot be, a question of certainty. will be born again. It will rise again because No reasonable person demands certainty at this time it lives on in the heart of the very system that of day. The utmost he is entitled to demand is a for the time being may have superseded it. It certain balance of probabilities. Perhaps not even that. Perhaps only here a balance and there a chance, has been so over and over again since philosophic and there, again, an off-chance, a bare possibility. speculation began in the ancient East, and the The book is obviously an attempt to ascertain future will be like the past. "Pragmatic Hu- what exactly the various philosophical systems manism and Vitalism are going from us in the are driving at when reduced to the simplest terms flower, you may say, of their youth.” The and stated in clear English. It would be rash contest even now is between realism and ideal- to say that she succeeds or that anyone could ism. And the author believes "that some day succeed in doing this. “A Defence of Idealism" (which may be as distant as you please) the does, however, present in clear, readable fashion New Realism will grow old and die, and the what one clever writer after a careful examina- New Idealism will be born again." tion believes to be the strong and the weak The argument of the book is the old one that points of the competing philosophies of our day, all paths lead to the Absolute. Start out in ex- and as such is a suggestive book for the thought- perience anywhere and there is but one resting- ful layman and the student of philosophy who place for the spirit that seeks an explanation. has not offered his soul as a sacrifice to his At first sight pluralistic philosophies seem system. That she finds all philosophies com- have all the advantage in appealing to facts, but pelled at last to admit a unity in things, and this is the superficial aspect of things; even a that this proves to her satisfaction that some little thought always discloses the unity behind form of idealism—the philosophy of unity-is and within the multiplicity. In a chapter on on the whole the most acceptable, serves only to "The Pan-psychism of Samuel Butler" we are shown that one indestructible primal energy per- give her presentation an artistic completeness and to put before the reader a well-rounded argu- sists through all the Aluctuations of the psyche. A chapter on "Some Ultimate Questions of Psy- ment for a philosophical creed with which an chology” contends that our conscious life has educated person may be supposed to be at least a unity which it could not have if there were no acquainted. M. C. OTTO. 1917) 583 THE DIAL ilar step. The Future of Poland the devastation wrought by pillage, hunger, ex- posure, and disease has been added that of fratri- THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF POLAND. By Edward cidal war. Through the fearful cloud of H. Lewinski-Corwin. (The Polish Book Im- disaster that has settled upon the unhappy people porting Co.) THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POLAND AND THE NEAR only one ray of sunshine has broken. In No- EAST. By Herbert Adams Gibbons. (The Cen- vember, 1916, the Central Powers announced tury Co.; $1.) their readiness to recognize an independent king- In view of what has happened, there is deep dom of Poland, and subsequently the Russian irony in the fact that a considerable section of revolutionary provisional government took a sim- the Polish people should only a few years ago But as yet these declarations are have looked forward to a world war with a hardly worth the paper on which they are writ- feeling of grim satisfaction. The sense of ruin ten, and the fate of what remains of the Polish was so keen, and the plight of the people under people is still in the lap of the gods. Russian and German rule was so pitiable, that The story of Poland has been told for English patriots were ready to welcome a general inter- readers many times, but in view of the startling national conflagration as the last hope of a re- chapter which is being added to it before our vived nationality. Save in the event of a wiping very eyes much interest attaches to Mr. Lewin- of the slate by war for a remaking of the map ski-Corwin's recent and up-to-date volume. In and a redistribution of political power, the Polish some 600 pages Polish political development is question seemed buried forever. sketched from prehistoric times to the events of In 1912 representatives of all the independence the present year. The earlier portions of the parties of Russian, Prussian, and Austrian Poland volume possess no special distinction. They suf- actually met and formed a committee charged fer by the exclusion of economic, social, and cul- with the task of drawing up a plan of procedure tural matters, and will be found drier reading, when the crash should come, and making mili- and no more authoritative, than two or three tary preparations for the expected contingency. single-volume histories which have been available The decision was, in the event of a war which for a decade or more. The last two chapters, should find Russia on one side and Austria and however,—dealing with "constitutional Russia Germany on the other, to throw support to Aus- and the Poles” and “the Polish question and the tria. Bitter hatred of Prussia was a strong argu- Great War,”—have decided value, not alone be- ment in the other direction. But of the three cause they bring the story up to date, but because powers, Austria had dealt with the Poles most they show an unusually keen insight into the leniently; Russian oppression extended over perplexities of the contemporary Polish problem. eighty per cent of the ancient Polish republic; It is the author's opinion that this problem has it was expected that Russia would be hopelessly never before "been so near its full and satisfac- beaten; and a federal union of a reconstituted tory solution"; the necessary and sufficient guar- Polish state with Austria and Hungary seemed antee of such a solution he finds in President the most desirable arrangement short of complete Wilson's affirmation before the Senate, January independence. 22, 1917, that he took it for granted that “states- The storm broke before even the Poles ex- men everywhere are agreed that there should be pected it; and never was there greater disillu- a united, independent, and autonomous Poland." sionment. Instead of finding themselves in a In his interesting essay on the future of Poland position to act with deliberation and turn the Mr. Gibbons attributes the promises of both the situation to their own advantage, the unhappy Central Powers and Russia to sheer expediency, people saw their portion of Europe become im- and argues that the decisive success of either mediately one of the principal theatres of the group of belligerents in a short war would have war, where whole nations met in a terrible death meant for the Poles "merely the passing from grapple. From Galicia to the Dwina the coun- Scylla to Charybdis.” He shows how incom- try now lies one vast scroll of horror. Further- plete and provisional are the arrangements that more, two million Poles of military age were have been made for the reconstituted Polish drafted into the armies of the three contending Kingdom, and advises the Poles to hold fast for powers and lined up on opposite sides of the the time being to their several allegiances, in the battle field, brother against brother; so that to expectation that the self-respect of the Entente 584 (December 6 THE DIAL Allies will never tolerate putting back "under A Frigid Introduction to Strauss Russian slavery” those who are loyal to Russia during this trial, and that, after what has hap- RICHARD STRAUSS, THE MAN AND HIS WORKS. pened in Ireland, the English people cannot By Henry T. Finck. With an Appreciation of Strauss by Percy Grainger. (Little, Brown hold against the Poles of Galicia and Posnania & Co.; $2.50.) the fact that they remained loyal, for the dura- This is a useful survey of the external facts tion of the war, to Austria and Germany. touching the life and musical compositions of Mr. Gibbons shares Mr. Lewinski-Corwin's Richard Strauss. It is also, as the writer seemed opinion that the only rational and enduring solu- to be very eager it should be, a reasonably en- tion of the Polish question is an independent tertaining volume, liberally besprinkled, as it is, Poland, a nation which shall be in no way sub- with anecdotal matter and journalistic chit-chat. ject to either Russia or Germany. But he wisely But it does not, on the whole, suggest that it warns against the temptation to press territorial has been a labor of love. Mr. Finck makes it demands too far. Polish enthusiasts loudly pro- abundantly clear in the course of his remarks that claim their purpose to bring together again all his reason for writing the book was rather the the lands that are "historically" Polish, without fact that Strauss is considered one of the greatest, regard to whether these lands are now predom- if not the greatest, of living composers than that inantly Polish or capable of developing real eco- he himself considers him to be such. And the nomic and political solidarity. Even if the Poles general tone of Mr. Finck's book is blasé, some- were in a position to determine the matter single- times yawningly so. His own spontaneous handed, they would be making a great mistake reactions to Strauss are so consistently unsympa- in saddling themselves at the outset with a group thetic that he evidently fears at times to create of irredentist controversies. "No cataclysm of in the reader an impression of unreasoning preju- defeat,” the writer properly says, "whichever dice; he therefore protects himself by calling on way the war turns, is going the compel Germany copious testimony from other writers. "You and Russia to give up Silesia, the Prussian Baltic Straussianer just fight it out among yourselves," coastline, Lithuania, and Podolia, and it is he seems to say, and steps back with a shrug of doubtful if the Poles can make good their claims the shoulders. to the eastern portions of Galicia." Mr. Finck's lack of sympathy is only partly On ethnographic and economic grounds, Mr. due to Strauss's obvious shortcomings his crass Gibbons would include in a future kingdom of realism of conception, his lack of a distinguished Poland about two-thirds of German Posnania, melodic vein, his needlessly complicated orches- the Russian kingdom of Poland (including trations, his frequent want of restraint and ten- dency to lapse into sheer vulgarity. We could Khelm), and Galicia, excluding the eastern re- gion known as Red Ruthenia. That a Poland hardly expect Mr. Finck to forgive Strauss these sins. In one of the most charming essays on thus constituted would rapidly “become the sev- Chopin that I have seen he has implied how enth great power' of Europe" we may readily much he understands and values the jeweled and believe; although Mr. Gibbons's estimate of the the chastened in art, how ardently he loves the service to be rendered by such a nation as a limpid flow of perfect melody and the delicious buffer state will not instantly carry conviction. echo of subtle and softly pedaled harmonies. But Of the three or four miscellaneous essays melody and the glow of harmonic sequence, pre- which complete Mr. Gibbons's volume, one cious as these are, are not the whole of music. pleads for the internationalization of Constan- The more massive qualities exhibited by Strauss tinople and its appurtenant European lands, an- at his best—the power to fill a large canvas other urges the formation of Syrian and with color and movement, the titanic artistic Armenian states as a partial solution of the prob- unity and inner coherence attained through poly- lem of Asiatic Turkey, and a third advises a phonic mastery, and, above all, the will and policy of “hands-off” in the Balkans. The power to give concrete musical expression to author writes from long and intimate knowledge large thoughts and unbridled passions, to the of eastern European politics, and his suggestions Rabelais and to the madman both that are latent are worthy of the earnest attention of statesmen in all of us—these are not to be lightly ignored. and diplomats. Here precisely it is that Mr. Finck seems not FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. quite adequate to his task. He has evidently 1917] 585 THE DIAL little genuine love for polyphony as such, for his account of Strauss's career and his descrip- the interweaving of independently moving melo- tion of the musical compositions themselves is in dic lines. That the polyphonic technique has evidence in this section as well. The inevitable frequently degenerated into mechanical virtu- anecdotes, random remarks on various speci- osity need not be denied. It is doubtful, for all mens of programme music (MacDowell's piano- that, whether the history of music records any forte sketches come in for warm appreciation), means of expression more virile and resourceful a determined and gallant attempt to convince us than the free polyphony of modern music. Mr. that the symphonic poem has reached its artistic Finck is also doubtful, it would seem, of the culmination in Liszt, and divers evidences of legitimateness of such wealth of expression in Strauss's inferiority to his Hungarian precursor pure tone as Strauss gives us. He may be right, fill up space that one would have liked to see but only one prepared to meet Strauss at least devoted to the rationale of the programme move- half way in his artistic presuppositions is gen- ment and to the varying ideals that have ani- uinely qualified to interpret him to us. That mated its representatives. We are not given even is why Mr. Ernest Newman's far shorter study a serviceable notion of the nature of Strauss's of Strauss seems so much more vital; the few æsthetic procedure, of the manner in which he pages that Romain Rolland devotes to Strauss aims to reconcile the conflicting demands of in his “Musiciens d'Aujourdhui” also reveal a literary conception and musical treatment, of deeper understanding of the musical personality the symbolic significance of leading motive, of this composer. instrumental individualization, and polyphony. Underneath all Mr. Finck's hesitations and And what of the evolution of musical form shrinkings in the presence of Strauss's tone poems in the compositions of Strauss, the acknowl- and operas, may we not discern a more funda- edged master of form? In brief, we nowhere mental clash of temperaments, the refined irri- feel that we are being brought to a realization of tation of the cultivated Sybarite who looks on the nuclear conceptions of Strauss the artist. at the capers of a healthy barbarian, a spirit at- How then can the reader justly estimate the tuned to Tennysonian felicities subjected to the place to be assigned Richard Strauss in the his- uncouth liberties of a Walt Whitman? Some- tory of programme music, whether his tone poems thing of the kind is conveyed by Percy Grainger represent a logical and healthy development of in the following words, taken from his inter- ideas that owe their most authoritative formula- esting introductory essay: tion to Berlioz and Liszt or, as Mr. Finck would Strauss is not a musician's musician like Bach, have it, mark the degeneration of the programme Mozart, Schubert, Grieg, or Debussy, capable of tendency? turning out flawless gems of artistic subtlety and per- Be that as it may, there is little doubt that fection, but rather is he a great cosmic soul of the Goethe, Milton, Nietzsche, Walt Whitman, Edgar for the present programme music has reached Lee Masters caliber: full of dross, but equally full its apogee. Signs of revolt have been in evi- of godhead; lacking refinement, but not the supremer dence for some time; the cumbrous literary con- attributes; and uniquely able to roll forth some great uplifting message after gigantic preliminaries of structions that were meant to give form to boredom and inconsequentialness. elaborate tonal creations seem to crumble of their (Do Schubert and Grieg quite belong to the first own weight. It is probable that the program- list? Do Goethe and Milton feel quite at ease mists have attempted too much, that they have with their neighbors in the second?) It is the tried to get as much service out of Pegasus as "dross,” the “lack of refinement,” and the “gi- out of a willing dray-horse. The future alone gantic preliminaries of boredom” that too fatally can tell whether they have indeed attempted the affect Mr. Finck; the "godhead" and "supremer impossible or have merely sought the arduous attributes" seem altogether lost in the scramble. conquest with means too coarse and untried, In the section devoted to "Program Music" have mistaken a Rosinante for the real Pegasus. Mr. Finck has a splendid opportunity to analyze Meanwhile, a clear swing back to the absolutists, the psychology and ästhetics and trace the de- Brahms notwithstanding, is a sheer impossibility. velopment of one of the most interesting musical However music may tend to be chastened of its phenomena of the last hundred years. I cannot luxuriance of symbol, the spell of fancy and mood find that he has made very serious use of the that the romanticists and programmists have opportunity. The externality that characterizes cast over it will not disappear. Self-determina- 586 [December 6 THE DIAL tion of form and emotional expression—if these First Fruits of the Little Theatre alone remain, their attainment by way of the perhaps circuitous route of the programmists will Movement have justified the Liszts and Strausses. The UNSEEN HOST AND OTHER WAR PLAYS. By Yet all the while I find myself seriously dis- Percival Wilde. (Little, Brown & Co.; $1.25.) trusting the psychological validity of the current Trifles. By Susan Glaspell. (Frank Shay; 35 cts.) classification of composers into absolutists and ANOTHER WAY OUT. By Lawrence Langner. programmists or impressionists. To an altogether (Frank Shay; 35 cts.) unwarrantable extent we have been taking mu- THE LAST STRAW. By Bosworth Crocker. (Frank sical artists at their own valuation, at the sur- Shay; 35 cts.) DOLORES OF THE SIERRA AND OTHER ONE ACT face value of their titles and programmatic PLAYS. By Harriet Holmes Haslett. (Paul analyses. Is it not possible, nay likely, that an Elder & Co.; $1.25.) palling proportion of the musical "programmes" The little theatre is not an end in itself, but a authorized by composers are afterthoughts de- means to an end. Its influence upon both stage- signed, consciously or unconsciously, to lure the craft and playwriting must be sought not di- public, always an essentially unmusical body? rectly, but indirectly; and yet its influence is Or to give an external conceptual frame, of sub- greater than any of its accomplishments. What jective associative value, to a lyric impulse that the little theatre does counts for less than what has already untranslatably expressed itself in it prompts others to do. It is as a school for tone? We know that Schumann gave titles to future American dramatists that the little-the- his pieces after he had composed them; the con- atre movement has literary significance. ceptual label, in other words, was probably more And there is great need for such a practical a flourish of the pen, a Finis, than a genuine training-school. It is a truism that the the- æsthetic stimulus. The wayward whimsy or atrical business puts a premium on experience in burning passion was there from the beginning, play-making. The American public is notori- but it needed no other than purely musical ex- ously conservative in its dramatic tastes, and pression. May not even some of our impres- play-production in America is very costly. Every sionists, Debussy among them, entertain a fun- instinct of the commercial manager shrinks from damentally identical attitude toward their ma- the new dramatist or the play with new dramatic terial? Is there not the least shade of hypocrisy ideas. Both have been welcomed by the little theatres. This gives a special interest to the in these pagodas and goldfish and engulfed cathe- drals and moons descending on temples that new American one-act plays. Some of them we were? find are plays of real value; all of them we must Strange, otherwise, that we seem to search scrupulously for promises of bigger work breathe a larger air and to feel the tow of a to come. mightier current in the music itself than in the Mr. Wilde is one of our most experienced bric-a-brac world its titles introduce us to. Con- makers of short plays. He began to write them versely, there is little reason to doubt that a before there were any little theatres, and he great deal of absolute music, so-called, has been has profited more than any other American play- wrought out of conceptions and emotions that wright by little-theatre production of his work. were all but ready to burst into impassioned Mr. Wilde has had his training, but, as yet, he speech. What are some of those curious recita- shows no desire to be more than a clever writer tivo passages in the Beethoven sonatas, glades in of timely, well-constructed "one acters," a sort the wood, but tortured questionings and striv- of Clyde Fitch of the little theatre. His very ings bound in musical constraint? Before we success is the measure of our disappointment. No can profoundly approach the psychology of pro- American dramatist handles clever dialogue and gramme music, there is much underbrush to be tense action more effectively than he does, and cleared away. We must know better than we his insight into character is incomparably keener do how the artist conceives and works and care than that of the writers of our Broadway suc- less how he labels. Perhaps it is well that ar- cesses. His new volume shows growth in Mr. tists tell us little, but we can often guess back Wilde, especially in his understanding of the of their paraphernalia of labels if we will but springs of human emotion. Of the new series the hearken to the music. title play, a fine and effective use of the legend EDWARD SAPIR. of the angels at the battle of the Marne, is the 1917] 587 THE DIAL best, but he almost duplicates the success of incidents compressed into one short act. He this difficult piece of work in his German version only just failed in this ambitious task, but the of a similar theme, “Valkyrie.” Taken together fine courage to come to grips with difficult dra- these are the finest dramas the war has inspired matic problems is not a fault. As in the work of in America. The three remaining plays are in the two other Washington Square playwrights, his familiar realistic style, but none are so good there is a promise for the future in his work. as "Dawn" or "According to Darwin." "Moth- The promise in the plays of Harriet Holmes ers of Men” is a fine theme marred by careless Haslett is not so clearly spoken. Her people characterization; the thesis of “those who do are types rather than individuals; her plots are not understand the war” is overdone in the more commonplace; her action is too often Russian peasants in “Pawns”; “In the Ravine" switched by mere chance; her thought is less ma- is a capital bit of dramatic journalism, but no ture. She has, however, dexterity in dialogue more. This last is sure to be popular with and has learned to manipulate stage business. little-theatre producers, but in each of these three A couple of her plays-notably “Modern Men- realistic sketches there is that same ultra-time- age” and “When Love is Blind"-should at- liness, that Sunday-supplement appeal to to-day's tract the attention of little-theatre producers. interest, that has inspired our seasonal succession These authors, whose one-act plays we have of crook plays, children's home comedies, and been considering, are doing work typical of a trench melodramas. number of young American playwrights who are Next to their obsession of timeliness our pop- at school in the little theatres. Ben Hecht, ular playwrights have suffered most from mis- Alice Brown, Eugene O'Neil, Philip Moeller, taking clap-trap for constructive action. The Mary MacMillan, Alice Gerstenberg, Edward strict limitations of the short play force a dram- Massey, and Stuart Walker, to name but a few atist to learn technique, and the value of such that come readily to mind, are all promising a training is emphasized by the good construction scholars. Already two have been graduated from of the three one-act plays that were first pro- one-act pieces to long plays that have been pro- duced by the Washington Square Players. There duced by commercial managers; others are sure are, however, other promising qualities in these to follow them. Already—and this is significant, plays. “Another Way Out” reveals Lawrence though till now the plays have come from abroad Langner as a young man of wit and good sense, —there is an increasing tendency on the part of an adroit writer, a shrewd observer. In this play the little theatres themselves to stage long plays. he has achieved the almost-impossible, a shock- These are steps forward, for however important ingly moral burlesque in English, a play with a the influence of the little theatre, the stage is violently risqué situation without any nastiness. for all the populace, not the intelligentsia alone; Mr. Langner has qualifications to make him a however perfect the one-act play, great drama keen dramatic satirist. “Trifles" is a well-con- furnishes a full evening's entertainment. sidered and finely executed study of the dreary WILLIAMS HAYNES. life of a farm wife, quite the best thing on this distinctively American theme done by an Amer- ican dramatist. It shows Susan Glaspell to be King Coal a careful analyst of feminine character with the ability quickly and surely to interpret her studies KING COAL. By Upton Sinclair. (The Mac- in dramatic form. One cannot doubt that she millan Co.; $1.50.) can do a lifelike portrait on a larger can- The novel-reader who chances to appreciate vas. When I saw the Washington Square Play- a really novel design in a work of fiction will ers in Bosworth Crocker's “The Last Straw," like "King Coal” both for its originality and its I was not convinced that the heckling of the independence. A story of the oppressive law- neighbors over his accidental killing of a stray lessness of American democracy, the book will cat would drive Friedrich Bauer to commit sui- have, for everyone interested in that great sub- side, and a careful reading of the play does not ject, the suspense of "a march in the ranks, remove this impression. Mr. Crocker deliber- hard-prest, and the road unknown.” ately tried to make good his thesis of the force To have made this theme, which is, in the re- of public opinion by means of extremely trivial viewer's opinion, the most important internal 588 [December 6 THE DIAL a question before our country, the subject of a But in spite of the strange unlifelikeness of novel, is in itself a first-rate stroke of originality. Mary and Jessie, and of all the wealthy sur- It may be objected that the legitimate field of the rounding her, there is in the description of the novel is not the presentation of a great social hero's adventures of sentiment with women an theme, but individual human characterization individual tone of frankness and decency, an But if “King Coal” must be said to be almost adult and responsible tone, which is both socially destitute of the faculty of individual human char- superior and independent. In his sympathetic acterization, it has nevertheless a species of "hu- and sincere pictures of workmen's families, ren- man interest” impossible for any other prose form dered with no "intimist” talent, but with an to convey. This interest is the fascination of excellent solid grasp of economic and industrial learning from page to page what will happen fortunes, Mr. Sinclair excels. The Italian next about the law-breaking oppressions charac- Minettis, the Raffertys, the Burkes, the Welsh terizing the unorganized American coal-mining Davids, the rank and file of the hero's mining- camps which are the scene of the hero's adven- town acquaintance, are all admirably identified, What happens to him as an individual is without dialectic exaggerations, all real and comparatively unimportant to you except as it interesting. affects his achievement for the progress of the The mine disaster is a wonderful and moving "sober-suited freedom," the clear ideal of human panorama; and the whole tale of Hal's attempts order and liberty, whose presence is the distinc- to strike some spark of justice from the con- tion of the book. stituted authorities is capital. When some of The son of a coal magnate, a young college the more conservative of our envoys retumed graduate, engaged to a standardized magazine- from Russia the other day, and told us that fiction débutante, Hal Warner goes to work there had been less violence in the whole course as a miner, "for the experience," on a coal of the Russian Revolution than we experience in property in the Rockies. He wishes to learn for this country in a single week, they brought himself the truth of what has been said about home to us a much-needed truth concerning our the western coal camps. In his revolt at learn- barbarity. The most signal achievement of ing authentically of their tyrannies, he proceeds “King Coal” is the impression it leaves of our from a considerable conservatism, along the trail wretched social irresponsibility, our American of an unavailing attempt to secure enforcement cowardice in facing gross disorders and human of the law against the anarchies of the coal com- cruelties inside our own nation. pany, until he comes out on the road of union- What is to be done about our gross dis- organization. orders and human cruelties then? The mortal On this trail and this road he forms the fortunes of the book end in a vista, with acquaintance of the daughter of a miner, Mary the hero's advance down a discouraging and Burke, “a Celtic Madonna," less markedly unlife apparently endless road, which still leads ahead. like than the débutante, but not for me exactly This open ending appears to me significantly true real. The author tries to persuade us that the to nature and history. fact that the hero loves both Mary and Jessie The philosophy of the book, however, seems to (the débutante) is a matter of some importance end in the postscript, with a predetermined sign- in his career. But I cannot care whether it is post in the form of a statement that "citizens Mary or Jessie that he prefers, or bring myself to and workers ... will find that they have neither believe that this preference is of the least signifi- peace nor freedom, until they have abolished the cance either to Hal Warner or to his author, system of production for profit.” Maybe this scarcely to Jessie or Mary. It is a mere minority abolition will bring peace and freedom. But its report brought in to comply with the Rules of interpolation here appears sudden, illogical, and Order for the conduct of novels. Interesting unrelated. As though we had been told that all and stirring as an active committee man, as one these difficulties we have read about would be bewildered in a dual love, Hal Warner is of a removed if we would encourage the acquisition of dreadful dreariness. You long to hurry him on land for public playgrounds, or would work for his way through his mechanical and argumenta- single tax, or were advised to find general direc- tive love scenes, and off to the more subtly under- tions for the advance of all civilization on any stood and impassioned concerns of his excellent other good, sound plank removed from any other committee meetings. excellent social platform. 1917] 589 THE DIAL To a mere middle-class believer in our almost BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS untried and varied experiment in democracy this AT THE FRONT IN A FLIVVER. By Wil- socialistic statement closes over the book's horizon liam Yorke Stevenson. Houghton Mifflin; with the effect of a limitation, remote but dark- $1.25. ening. It may serve to indicate what is indeed WITH CAVALRY IN THE GREAT WAR. for me the limitation of the book-its tendency to By Frederick Coleman. Jacobs; $1.50. predetermination, its lack of curiosity and How to LIVE AT THE FRONT. By Hector interest in keen ascertainments and differentia- MacQuarrie. Lippincott; $1.25. tions, its apparent belief in formulas. Thus one The war books that are flooding in upon us early perceives that the poor of the volume are should, in one respect, give hope to the peace- predestined to possess extraordinary mental and lovers who are almost ready to despair of the moral superiorities; and those of better financial world's regeneration; for they shatter the great fortunes, a striking mental and moral flaccidity. illusion that to live in the midst of hardship As in the theory of Ernest Pontifex in "The and horror, with death constantly at one's Way of All Flesh,” “the poor are all , lovely.” shoulder, necessarily does things to one's soul. "Men come out of it changed," the idealists say. Scarcely any of the low-minded are to be dis- But, as a matter of fact, nine-tenths of the men cerned among them; and among those below a who go into battle, as nine-tenths of the war certain grade of income violence is virtually un- books bear witness, are men of normal, not over- known or always restrained. On the other hand, refined sensibilities, who, on the surface at least, with the exception of Hal, all the citizens above accept war and its horrors as all in the day's a certain grade of income are presented with work, and will come home, if they are fortunate, anatomies and human natural histories no more to take up their tasks where they left off, ap- convincing than those of the millionaires in parently in the same manner as before. Only clothes covered with dollar signs in the cartoons. those born with the capacity for profound spirit- ual reactions get profound spiritual reactions out The employers present a solid front of low- mindedness and bullying brainlessness. Just as of war. Many grow and many are stunted; but to the narrow Edward all miners are agitators, that, perhaps, is lucky. only a few reach the heights and depths. And and as in Zola's consoling and agreeable All of which is by way of saying that the “L'Euvre," such artists as are not realists or reader need look for nothing more or less than impressionists are boldly represented as physically journalistic reports of occurrences in "At the ill-favored or degenerate, so the entire army of Front in a Flivver" and "With Cavalry in the employers appearing in "King Coal" is composed Great War." The former book, a diary kept of the frivolous, the dishonest, and the murder- for the writer's family, is the more freshly writ- ous. While the scope of the book is specifically ten of the two. The most interesting features of the latter are its explanations of the causes of limited to the unorganized field, yet, by inference, events that are now history. Though neither the coal-operators who have kept organization book can be classed with the best popular writ- pacts at heavy financial sacrifices for a generation, ings on the war-Guy Empey's famous volume and all employers, indeed, are lumped together and the writings of Captain Beith and James in one indistinguishable mass with those who Norman Hall—they have, of course, as almost have stuffed ballot-boxes and entrained machine- all war books have, a documental value for the reader who is interested in life "over there." guns against their compatriots. The author's socialism would have been more persuasive if his The purpose of "How to Live at the Front," as its title indicates, is different from that of characters had been conceived somewhat more in most war books. The volume is intended for the spirit of granting them equal opportunities. the information, not of those who are to stay If, as George Meredith tells us, "the soul's at home, but for those who are going into the one road is forwards,” it must appear that all trenches. It should prove to be of genuine value exaggeration of class prejudices against the light with our Expeditionary Forces in France. Writ- to nine out of ten of the men who are serving of truth is but a darkening and a delaying on the ten without pretension, it is reminiscent of the way. Yet when this is said, the novel remains matter-of-fact advice of an elder brother who has an interesting and valuable record of the adven- seen the world to a younger brother who has ture of a soul on that forward road of justice not. With not the least suggestion of cant, it which leads around the world and into a future presents some aids to an understanding of Eng- unknown. lish and French idiosyncrasies, the need for dis- EDITH FRANKLIN WYATT. cipline, ways and means of adjustment to the 590 [December 6 THE DIAL inconveniences of trench life, the signs by which conveying the sense that these builders bettered the growing curse of Europe, the prostitute, may their instruction—as was indeed the case. On be recognized and avoided, a man's own war- the other hand, the southern mansions exhibit, in troubled soul. It is not a book that goes to the general, a finer sense of composition and mass. roots of things, or tries to. It is just a healthy- Their amplitude and solidity, their cool, high minded, simple, religious man's wholesome reac- porticoes, their many and massive chimneys, tion to the by-products of war. As such, it is contribute to an effect of large means, abundant likely to prove a prop to many a boy ready to leisure, and rich, ripe social life, compared with go to pieces under the burden of the unforeseen which the Puritanism of New England, as and the unexpected. expressed in even her best houses, seems some- what hard and cold and thin. The Dwelling Houses of CHARLESTON, The particular features of the Charleston SOUTH CAROLINA. By Alice R. Hugher houses which differentiate them most, and call Smith and D. E. Hugher Smith. Lippin- for special comment, are their two-storied porti- cott; $6. coes—a difficult thing to treat, as every architect Any work is important which essays to pre- knows, and here superbly handled; their garden serve a record-historical, descriptive, graphic, walls and fences pierced by truly noble gates, of photographic-of our fast vanishing Colonial a highly localized type; and their iron balconies, architecture, for that architecture constitutes the which savor more of Latin than of Anglo-Saxon only unified and dignified manifestation of the origin, yet have a certain note of primness quite building impulse which our young civilization different from the loose luxuriance of Mexico has to show. and Spain. In this sense, at least, the "Dwelling Houses The vicissitudes of civil war and the ebbing of Charleston" is important, for it presents, in tide of commerce have contributed to isolate and sufficient fulness of detail, a phase of the Georg- preserve in these old houses a record of that ian mode translated to our shores with interest- moment in our past which expresses itself in ing variations developed from the social and beauty. Since then the idea of power has obsessed climatic conditions of the little old proud south- us, and it has written itself in ugliness over all ern capital by the sea. The book has evidently . the land. Is it too much to hope that after the been compiled with care, it contains drawings world has been made safe for democracy, we may and documents of great interest, yet somehow it set ourselves the task of translating power into conveys a sense of opportunities unfulfilled, of beauty ? Every record, like this one, of the old curiosities unrewarded. This is because it is not urbanity, will then possess an interest and a value so intelligent and authoritative architecturally as far greater than any interest or value we can it is historically. assign to it to-day, However valuable it may be to the student of Colonial history, however treasured it may become THE SUPERNATURAL IN MODERN ENG- to the First Families of Charleston, it offers LISH FICTION. By Dorothy Scarborough. scant fare to one interested in our architectural Putnam; $2. beginnings. No critical estimate, no discrimi- If industry is a virtue, the author of "The nating valuation, no tracing of development, has Supernatural in Modern English Fiction" should been attempted: one is left to glean what one can find a ready welcome to the “best families" in from a few measured drawings, a somewhat the society of heaven. Dr. Scarborough, if a larger number of photographic half-tones, and a cursory counting of her index is any estimate of superabundance of rather messy pencil sketches her reading in preparing this book, has no less which are quite worthless from any other stand- than 1200 titles to her credit. Everything from point than the vaguely picturesque. Hamlet to O. Henry, from Walpole's "The Castle Here, one feels, is a great deal of good archi- of Otranto" to Patience Worth's literature via tectural material indifferently presented. Aside the ouija board, from the sublimity of Macbeth's from the seven pages of drawings of ironwork, tragic situation to the ridiculousness of Frank which are indeed precious, and a few mantels Stockton's "The Transferred Ghost" has been and stairways, the book contains little to entitle read, summarized, card-indexed, and then strung it to a place on the shelves of a purely architec- together. Page after page of condensed ghost- tural library. plot is spread before the awed and stupefied The southern Colonial work follows its Eng- reader. There is no comment to speak of, no lish prototypes more slavishly in the matter of relieving humor, only plots, plots, plots of ghost detail than does that of New England. There stories. The volume might act as a guide to a is little of the freedom, lightness, grace, which class of light (or heavy?) literature: look up makes the entrances of old Salem so attractive, the plot of any ghost story written in the last 1917] 591 THE DIAL 150 years (and a few before), decide whether ment charged with the maintenance of law and or not you'd like the tale, and so choose your order and the administration of such rules for story. times of both peace and war as the nations might Dr. Scarborough seems to be the victim of an prescribe. A good precedent is found in the inter- idée fixe; she must have devoted years and years nationalization of the Danube under the treaty to taking notes on every phase of the supernat- of 1856, and it is urged that by the proposed ural in fiction. Ghosts are classified under every arrangement no nation would lose any vital and conceivable category. There are ghosts that wear legitimate interest. The governing commission clothes, and, though few, there are ghosts that should be wholly disinterested, and might very have been known to appear nude; there are dis- well consist of three members one from Den- membered ghosts, crippled ghosts, and mutilated mark, one from Switzerland, and one from the ghosts; there are ghosts that carry their heads United States—chosen by the signatory powers in their hands, and ghosts which, like certain from lists of five nominated by these several people, lose their heads. Ghosts are as a rule nations. Mr. Woolf feels that the finality of well behaved and, until recently, serious and the present war will depend in no small degree grave. They are however in contemporary lit- on the decision concerning Constantinople. If erature beginning to be frivolous and inclined this strategic spot is neutralized, every nation will to superficiality. Dr. Scarborough has attempted be protected from aggression; if left in the hands to deal at least by way of mention with every of any single state, half of the world must always ghost manifestation in literature, and her volume be in fear of aggression. There is much to bear is testimony to her sense of thoroughness. If any out this contention; although one cannot repress proof of the supernatural in literature is needed, the feeling that the author undervalues the diffi- it is found in the amount of reading and cata- culty of carrying out his plan. loguing she herself has done. It must be a relief to have the thing off her mind, but the reviewer JAPAN DAY BY DAY. By Edward S. cannot quash a feeling of pity for the hypo- Morse. 2 vols. Houghton Mifflin ; $8. thetical reader who will not have the relief of The country life of the Japanese people as it writing a review of the book. was, and still is to-day in many localities un- spoiled by town and factory, is recorded in Jap- THE FUTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE. By anesque sketches and running text in Professor Leonard S. Woolf. Macmillan; $1. Morse's latest and most extensive work on the "Constantinople and the narrow straits upon Land of the Rising Sun. The author was pro- which it stands," says Mr. Woolf, "have occa- fessor of zoology in the New Imperial Univer- sioned the world more trouble, have cost human- sity of Tokyo during a very interesting period ity more in blood and suffering during the last in the early years of the transformation of Japan five hundred years, than any other single spot and witnessed some of the throes of the struggle upon the earth. . . It is not improbable that of occidental and oriental ideals from the van- when Europe in her last ditch has fought the last tage-point of a government official, with an out- battle of the Great War, we shall find that what look from the capital city. It was, however, we have again been fighting about is really Con- the daily life of the people, their quaint and stantinople." In his little book Mr. Woolf curious and clever ways and devices, so differ- makes analysis of the reasons why the Turkish ent from our own, and their social customs and capital has been so productive of international industrial methods which most interested him. unrest, and brings forward interesting proposals Above all, the life of the country, the town, the looking to the removal of these causes. His main fisherman's village, and the contacts with the contention is that, having vainly sought for three rural population along footpath and mountain or four hundred years to solve the eastern ques- trail attract him more than the court or the tion through arrangements which leave Constan- places of trade. In the course of his scientific tinople under the domination of a single state, explorations at the seaside and among the an- to be used by that state exclusively in its own cient shell mounds, the author had exceptional interests, the world should take advantage of the opportunities to learn at first hand the thou- forthcoming reorganization of Europe to follow sand-and-one little customs of these ever-interest- out the suggestion of Sir Edward Pears and oth- ing and courteous people. The book is a narra- ers that the city, the straits, and a narrow strip tive abstracted from a daily journal. It is full of territory on either side of them be internation- of digressions into matters of arts and crafts, alized. industry, agriculture, home and social customs, This would mean the removal of the Turkish the sights and sounds of the road and of the capital to Asiatic soil and the setting up in the crowded street, everything in fact from an earth- vacated city of an international organ of govern- quake and a picturesque Japanese fire to street 592 [December 6 THE DIAL signs and festivals, the rearing of crickets, and press. It was a case of seeing the South in six the training of birds. The numerous sketches weeks or less time, but our travellers managed which are distributed throughout the book are to "take in" fourteen towns of the South At- crude but reveal with great fidelity familiar and lantic seaboard and the Gulf Coast, beginning characteristic Japanese scenes and many a quaint with Baltimore and stopping at Galveston. What or pleasing glimpse of Japanese life and artistry. they found and saw we knew about before, but it is always interesting to observe the reactions A COUNTRY CHILD. By Grant Shower- of others when they are introduced to a new and man. Century; $1.75. strange environment. In the Florida towns and Never have the sights and sounds, the tastes in New Orleans Miss Cram really saw some- and smells and tactile sensations of the farm been thing that most travellers miss—that the foreign more realistically presented than in this book. element is largely Greek in Florida, and Italian Like "A Country Chronicle," which preceded it, and Spanish, not predominantly French, in New Orleans. Of all the towns visited she is com- this story is told in the first person and repro- duces in the vividest of colors certain scenes and pletely satisfied only with Charleston, Mobile, incidents of the author's boyhood. Professor and New Orleans, and with the unprogressive characteristics of these. She makes it plain that Showerman is the son of a Wisconsin farmer the winter is not the best time to see the South, who was one of the pioneer settlers in the Badger State; but he has chosen literature rather than for then it is at its grayest. But who wants to go there when the thermometer is above ninety? agriculture as a calling, probably enjoying the The historical facts woven into the narrative are rude farm life better in the imaginative retro- at times somewhat mixed; but the book, as a spect than he would in the present reality. At whole, though unsubstantial and inconsequential, any rate, he makes it enjoyable to his readers. Here is a bit of homely realism (the men have is an interesting and honest account of a new just come in to dinner from the field): "My experience, and that is all that can be expected of such publications. father goes to the sink and washes. The others stand near the geraniums until he gets through, A HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR. Vol. II. and then they wash, too. They take water out of the rain-water pail with the dipper, and when The British Campaign in France and Flan- ders, 1915. By Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, they are through they go to the woodshed door with the wash dish and throw the water out. Doran; $2. Christian makes a great noise blowing and snuf- This is an important book. It bears evidence fing when he is at the sink.” Everything is told of much research and has an authoritative tone. in the "historical present,” and in the short sen- So far as is possible at this stage, it is real his- tences and breathless style of a small boy eager tory. The author has been at pains to study to pour out his information to the first listener. out the records of the British units in the san- Whether in real life he would always have re- guinary fighting of that terrible period which lated these momentous happenings in the present has been well named the "year of equilibrium." tense is doubtful; but then, in real life he never The book includes the first detailed description of could have written them out with such an artful the second battle of Ypres and the great battle of imitation of artlessness; so we yield at the start Loos. Sir Arthur is a true Briton. He distrib- the whole question of strict verisimilitude. A utes his praise generously among English, Cana- score or more of line drawings by Mr. George dians, and Anzacs. He sets the crown Wright catch in a happy manner the spirit of the regiment after regiment and makes many a refer- narrative. ence to the heroic acts of individual officers and men. At the same time the power of the enemy OLD SEAPORT Towns OF THE SOUTH. By is not minimized. Throughout the volume one Mildred Cram. With drawings by Allan can feel the force and skill of the German units, C. Cram. Dodd, Mead; $2.50. to which the author gives full credit. For three years the American traveller has been The effect of the book, in spite of its judicial shut out of the play places of Europe, unless he tone, is depressing. The task of the British wishes to drive an ambulance or engage in some army in this year seems insuperable as the author form of relief work. Those who still wish to unfolds history, and the huge losses, though not travel must find new lands, and in consequence described in a gruesome manner, leave the reader America is being discovered by its own people. with visions of carnage that he cannot forget. The experiences and discoveries of one pair of Even the superhuman bravery of British civilian explorers-brother and sister-are here related troops as they charge in the face of a fire meas- in sprightly detail, and the account is dressed by uring six shells to their one, cannot down that the publishers in the best product of the printing terrible image of slaughter. Such a work will be on 1917) 593 THE DIAL read with more interest in England than in stantial and socially fit of the present day. If America. The evolutions of the Durham Light you are a Philadelphian and have ancestors who Infantry and the First Royal Irish will naturally counted in the city of Franklin, this book will appeal more to those who know them than to us give you name, business, and standing. who do not. But the book as a whole leaves a Of course, such a work cannot be critical. powerful impression hardly to be obtained from The founders of the Bank of North America, of any other work thus far published. The style is the first insurance company, of the university, easy and clear, the movement well sustained, and were all engaged in work that produced good there are many stirring descriptions of desperate results and perhaps some bad results as well. deeds and unfaltering courage. But there is no word of explanation why, for example, the legislature of Pennsylvania can- INTERIORA RERUM, or The Inside of celled the charter of the great bank or why all Things. By Quivis. Lane; $1.25. the directors then set themselves the task of get- These meditations, "de omnibus rebus et qui- ting a new federal government and a charter busdam aliis," as one might almost characterize from that government under which they could them, have to do with certain less familiar aspects continue their business. Nor is it stated that of earth and sky, heaven and hell, man and nearly all the influential bankers got into the woman, religion and philosophy, literature and federal convention and there favored, and secured art, and almost everything else imaginable. They the adoption of, constitutional clauses which are, in short, delightfully discursive and also would protect charters and contracts against thoughtful and penetrating, with a pith and mere state intervention. But, as has been said, brevity that never fail to save from weariness this sort of explanation was not a part of the and often leave a desire for more. Here, as a author's purpose and consequently some excel- sample, is a pertinent and seasonable reflection: lent opportunities have been overlooked. "It is a standing marvel to men what women will endure, and apparently can endure with Four Essays. By Murray Anthony Potter. impunity, at the dictates of fashion. They will Harvard University Press; $1.25. wear clothes in cold weather which would cause the death of a man similarly clad." Woman, There are two distinctly different, and per- with her demonstrated constitution of iron, rep- haps opposed, reactions possible to these essays of Mr. Potter's: that of the scholar, and that resents no weaker sex to this author. His little of the layman. The scholar will, no doubt, be book, of whose authorship we know only that it interested in Mr. Potter's knowledge of the the- is written by "whomsoever you will," and dealing as it does with "the inside of things," or "subjects ories concerning Petrarch's life-the existence or non-existence of a flesh and blood Laura, the which, as a rule, we refrain from discussing," has interpretation of the sonnets and other works as piquancy and suggestiveness. autobiographical or not; and he will be still more interested in Mr. Potter's attitude toward these EARLY PHILADELPHIA. By H. M. Lip- problems and his conclusions. The layman will pincott. Lippincott; $6. wish to get from the essays a living knowledge This is a beautiful piece of book-making. The of Petrarch the author, Petrarch the man, and edition is limited and the type already distrib- Petrarch the critic and reader. uted; hence, if one desires a copy, no time must To the layman it would seem that both may be lost in making application to the publishers. be comfortably satisfied; the essays are suffi- From the quality of the paper, the character of ciently bristly with scholars' names, their hypoth- the printing, and the superb illustrations, it may eses, and their controversies, to suggest that be guessed that the price will be high. Now, no one but a Dryasdust will be disappointed. what of the book itself? And the layman finds Petrarch living and ap- There have been other histories of Philadel- pealing in spite of the foreign matter. Petrarch phia, notably Scharf's valuable work published turns out to have been a human being and not in 1884, and the leading men of the city have an excuse for a Ph. D. thesis. He was egotisti- figured in our national biography from the be- cal, but he was so much like the average man ginning. But this book endeavors to name and as to be ludicrously conceited; he had no more describe all the leading characters and the various idea of the relative merit and value of his various social, financial, and patriotic organizations, works, as expressions of the human soul, than giving portraits and reproductions of people and have a great many of his well-meaning students. places, buildings and bridges and parks, in such He loved and hated madly, and the fact that a way as to offend none and please all, at least he never considered the sonnets to Laura as a all whose names and interests are included. It passport to immortality is the strongest proof is a sort of book of heraldry for all the sub- of their autobiographical importance. He wrote 594 [December 6 THE DIAL intensely personal, self-satisfied letters to inti- tress transformed by a theatrical coup into virtue mate friends; he often thought he knew it all; triumphant was exactly to his liking. More- and he disliked having to acknowledge that he over, as a grandson of Richard Bentley, a Cam- was wrong. But, and here his greatness glows bridge graduate, and a man of social standing, through, he would do so if the evidence was he brought to the composition of this kind of convincing. It appears that he was jealous of drama certain qualities which Hugh Kelly and Dante, and that he thought the latter pandered other rivals lacked. Of these qualities the power to public taste, contrived for fame, writing to write well-bred and graceful dialogue was poetry in the vernacular! Altogether Mr. Pot- foremost. But the feverish ambition of Cum- ter's essays, the outcome of a life's study, breathe berland drove him to undertake operas, adapta- a contemporaneousness satisfying to the uniniti- tions, tragedies, and what not, and sometimes to ated. filch from other writers. And just as he frit- tered away his strength in hopeless undertakings, BALFOUR, VIVIANI AND JOFFRE. Edited so did he by his exacting temperament alienate by Francis W. Halsey. Funk & Wagnalls; people who had been useful to him. He was in $1.50. some ways really noble, yet querulous, sensitive, irritable, vain. He quarreled openly or was seri- "You have kept your ancient traditions; your ously at outs with Garrick, Sheridan, Fanny past glory is ever present in your hearts, you Burney, Walpole, and nearly everybody else. have love, and affection, and admiration for civilization and humanity. You have an idealism Sheridan pilloried him in "The Critic," as Sir which floats above your flag, and that idealism Fretful Plagiary. With Boswell, Burke, John- son, and Romney, however, he remained on good you place above your material interests”—these terms. Though reduced to poverty and disap- words, spoken by M. Viviani in New York, pointment, he lived well into the nineteenth cen- might serve as an epitome of the book, "Balfour, tury and became a friend of Samuel Rogers. Just Viviani and Joffre.” Mr. Halsey's collection of before the dawn of the century, his powers in the speeches of the commissioners is a useful work sentimental comedy revived, and "The Jew" and of reference rather than a readable book, for one “The Wheel of Fortune" of this period fairly must grant that the average of eloquence, despite matched "The West Indian” at the beginning of the frequent "lift" in M. Viviani's addresses, is the seventies. Dr. Williams has done his work low, while the passages that are insignificant and thoroughly and given us a useful volume. that duplicate one another are very numerous indeed. Possibly the main son for the rela- tive mediocrity of these speeches is the nature of BRITAIN IN ARMS (L'Effort Britannique). By Jules Destrée. With a preface by the task confronting the commissioners. So much at least is certain: they were not here to make Georges Clemenceau. Translated by J. Lewis May. Lane; $1.50. memorable orations. The editor has linked the speeches with narrative and descriptive comment In 1915, when Italy was wavering between drawn chiefly from the newspapers of the day war and continued neutrality, the Belgian jour- and reproducing the hectic exuberance of the nalist Jules Destrée visited visited the kingdom, daily press comment not without its value when explained with new force the position which his one considers how fast the contemporary news- own country occupied in the struggle, and papers decay physically. wielded strong influence in behalf of the event- ual declaration of hostilities. Finding later that RICHARD CUMBERLAND: HIS LIFE AND the great effort which England was making was DRAMATIC Works. By Stanley Thomas imperfectly understood south of the Alps, he Williams. Yale University Press; $3. wrote a book in Italian, telling something of that The activities of Richard Cumberland were effort. The work was shortly brought out in many. He was at one time private secretary to French, and now it appears in English, under the Lord Halifax; at another time he was entrusted, less colorful title, “Britain in Arms." The book, with disastrous results to himself, with an ambas- by the author's confession, was hurriedly written; sadorship to Spain; and sooner or later he tried it is propagandist; but its laudable object is to his hand at nearly all kinds of writing. He fortify international confidence as "a preparation wrote essays, an epic poem, novels imitative of for the better days to come"; and it makes inspir- Fielding, numerous plays, and a volume of ing reading. memoirs which, though intended only as a pot- In his opening chapter M. Destrée tells, from boiler, has become his best-known work. The the documents, the now familiar story of Great plays gave him his chief contemporary fame. Britain's labors for peace during the “Twelve They are of varied types. He early struck his Days," and shows that the country, despite its right vein, the sentimental comedy; virtue in dis- utter lack of preparation, was compelled to take 1917] 595 THE DIAL up arms not only by deep considerations of honor, debtedness to Other Poets." The former contains but in defence of vital interests. The nation's acute comments on the merits and demerits of effort is then described under three main heads: many of the changes, and the reasons that in- naval, military, and financial. Naval effort is duced Poe to make them. The résumé of opin- discussed in such a manner as to show mainly ion in “The Clash of the Critics with Respect to two things—the tremendous effect of the bot- Poe's Poems," though brief, is excellently pre- tling up of the German Aeet and the reasons sented. In the body of the book the variorum why the British Aeet does not force the latter to forms of the text are placed at the bottom of fight by invading the harbors and waters in which each page, and are more conveniently arranged it lies hiding. than in Harrison's Virginia edition. They also The evolution of the "contemptible little include a few readings unknown to Harrison, army," through the anxious days of the volun- among them those of the “Richmond Examiner" teer system and of the installation of conscrip- proof sheets. The notes, like the introduction, tion, into the splendid fighting forces of Sir are sensible, terse, and inclusive. The appendix Douglas Haig, is forcefully related. And the contains collations of the editions of the poems country's financial expedients and sacrifices are published in the author's lifetime, and his pref- adequately sketched. A final chapter emphasizes, aces and prefatory notices. The frontispiece, a with copious citations of incident and quotations reproduction of a cut from “Graham's Maga- from statesmen of the day, Britain's benevolent zine” based on a painting by A. C. Smith, is purposes in the war and her determination to interesting, but is hardly the portrait to choose prosecute the struggle to a successful end. The if but one is to be given. country is not likely to move quickly enough to suit Gallic impatience. She seems painfully slow THE OLD WORLD THROUGH OLD EYES. to understand a situation and to make up her Three Years in Oriental Lands. By Mary mind. But for these very reasons, when her S. Ware. Putnam; $2. mind is once made up, her steadfastness can be It is for the entertainment of her grandchil- relied upon as can that of few other nations. dren, Mrs. Ware tells us, that she has collected "We may make mistakes," says Lloyd George, and published her travel letters covering the three "but we do not give in.” In the knowledge of years from August, 1912 to July, 1915, and this fact, concludes M. Destrée, France and Italy every cent of profit from the sale of the book and their co-belligerents may, and do, find deep is to go to French hospitals during the war and consolation in their darkest hours. to blinded French soldiers afterward, should there be any profits accruing when the war closes. THE POEMS OF EDGAR ALLAN Poe. Ed- A courageous and independent tourist, despite ited by Killis Campbell. Ginn; $1.50. her years, Mrs. Ware went around the world One need not accept all Professor Camp- unaccompanied, visiting Honolulu, Japan, China, bell's judgments in detail to pronounce this new Siam, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines, India, and edition of the “Poems" the most important con- other eastern lands. She returned by way of tribution to Poe scholarship that has appeared Italy and France, and of course has much to say for some years. Perhaps the greatest merit of about the war in her later letters. A chance re- the book is its sobriety and sanity—a trait that mark from a German fellow-traveller eighteen will be best appreciated by those who have had months before the fatal August, 1914, is sig- most to do with other discussions of Poe. The nificant in the light of subsequent events. “The editor has made wise use of his predecessors, to gentleman said the Kaiser believed himself Em- whom he punctiliously acknowledges his indebt- peror by divine right, was romanticist in edness, but he has adopted none of their preju- politics, and he, the speaker, was afraid the dices and pet theories, and more strangely he country would go to ruin under this intolerable seems to have few pet theories of his own. The régime.” Not confining herself to the usual brief sketch of Poe's life is as nearly free from themes of travel narratives, the writer shows an a priori assumptions and as nearly judicial as a interest in colonization problems and the govern- biography of Poe well can be. In the section of ment of primitive peoples by the more advanced "The Canon of Poe's Poems" Professor Camp- nations. Four native courts of India received bell treats a subject on which he has made valu- her as a guest, and she had interviews with vari- able researches; and his brief comments on the ous rulers and chieftains. She is evidently a poems doubtfully attributed to Poe are admir- woman of strong character and trained intellect able. Other sections of the introduction that as well as large heart, and her book has more of are of especial value are those on “Poe's Pas- character and individuality than would be found sion for Revising His Text" and "Poe's In- in most collections of family letters from abroad. a 596 [December 6 THE DIAL THE UNITED STATES Post OFFICE. Its NOTES ON NEW FICTION Past Record, Present Condition, and Po- tential Relation to the New World Era. This second novel of "Henry Handel Rich- By Daniel C. Roper. Funk & Wagnalls; ardson," "The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney" $1.50. (Holt; $1.50), has been so warmly admired that one is surprised to find it so much a mere work- Mr. Roper, who writes with the authority of manlike, conventional effort, with an aggressively four years' experience as first assistant postmaster mid-Victorian hero. What are we to think of this general (1913-16), opens his introduction with young Irish medical student, turned adventurer the assertion that "the mightiest implement of and shopkeeper in the Australian gold fields, human democracy is postal service"—just as a to whom crises bring "the difficulty of recon- writer on universal suffrage might, naturally ciling the divine benevolence with a cruel deed, enough, begin with declaring the mightiest imple- the falling back once more on the trite admis- ment of human democracy to be the ballot, or a sion of man's impotence"? Or who asks ques- writer on education might plausibly maintain this tions like these, -"Was it straining a point to mightiest implement to be the public school sys- see in the whole affair the workings of a Power tem. What the mightiest implement of animal outside himself?" How are we to enjoy a hero democracy or of vegetable democracy is, we are who, in contemplating a beautiful young mother not told by Mr. Roper. His enthusiasm for his and child, thinks, “No place this for the scoffer! subject promises a good book, and the promise is Were they not in the presence of one of life's fulfilled. Especially interesting are the chapters sublimest mysteries—that of motherhood !" and on the workings of the various departments of on thrilling at the idea of "little Polly as the our postal service, as also the account of certain mother of his children" decides that after all significant differences between our own system "there was a design in creation”? So Tenny- and those of Europe. A chapter entitled "Postal sonian a young man is a little difficult to assimi- Perspective” presents a suggestive vista of pos- late to-day, particularly when we are given such sible future developments in our post office de- gestures as his admiration for "the splendid vital- partment. Mr. Roper believes that “the parcelity of the most popular cleric in the diocese of post undoubtedly has already had some effect on Victoria. No sickbed was too remote for him the cost of living,” by bringing farm produce to reach, no sinner sunk too low to be helped more directly to the table, "and is destined to to his feet.” exercise more." But the hoped for results in Yes, "Henry Handel Richardson," who is said this particular have by no means been realized, to have written a remarkable novel about the and are not yet in sight. German music-student world, actually says such things about Richard Mahoney. Moreover, INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY. By Emory bored with his storekeeping in crude Ballarat, S. Bogardus. University of Southern Cali- the hero marries as pure and virtuous and inno- fornia Press; $1.50. cent and docile a maiden as ever charmed a mid- To understand society is to know the factors Victorian reader. To her "his lightest wish was which bring people together in human associa- a command," and their lives are arranged by him tion. Such is the underlying idea of this latest according to the divine plan of masculine contribution to social analysis. Professor Bo- supremacy. He says to her things like this, gardus, however, is not content merely with a “I trust my little woman will never put such static view of the social world. Desiring to a ridiculous object on her head,"—with reference know under what conditions we can promote to a flouncy hat with which a neighboring vulgar female had falsely adorned herself. When a social progress, he presents the fundamentals of sociology from the standpoint of the various in- light-headed protégé makes love to Polly, Richard fluences in particular the geographic, biological, has all the correct and outraged reactions of the hygienic, recreational, economic, political, æs- man of property. When he begins to find life thetic, intellectual, ethical, and associational fac- stagnant in Australia and thinks of setting out uncharted to begin life again at home, it is the tors-operating upon man in his collective life. In many respects this viewpoint reflects the Deity and not at all Polly whom he consults. teachings of Professor Small. The advantage of As a picture of the commonplace colonialism Professor Bogardus's method is that it brings to of the fatuously masterful young Englishman, bear in a simple, elementary way a great mass who veils his egoism in noble emotions and of pertinent facts regarding the community as- religious cant, the book would be fairly signifi- pects of health, recreation, industry, the home, cant. As a satire, in historical perspective, on the the state, and man's various other social-contact pedestrian soul of the mid-Victorian young gentle interests, which must be understood if one is to man, it would be fairly amusing. But its author live intelligently in his world. is not satirical. She endows Richard Mahoney 1917] 597 THE DIAL a with no qualities above middle-class mediocrity, is a hero who is an emasculate echo of Tom Saw- and then treats him rather lovingly and seriously. yer and “Huck" Finn. But one need not take There are in the book admirable descriptions of the revelations of the ouija board at their face the rough pioneer life. But the naïve middle- value. By seeking an explanation of the way class saturation of her own attitude, without in which the book came into being in the sub- irony or lift, keeps the book as a whole distinctly conscious rather than the superconscious, one below the level of literary art. avoids making any charges of duplicity, the mem- There seems to be a kind of tempo or rhythm- ory of “our” Mark Twain is left unspotted, and of-the-whole in books, just as there is, more dis- "Jap Herron” is transformed from a maudlin tinctly, in plays and music. Sometimes the tempo imitation into a study in psychology. synchronizes very nicely with the mental pulse In "Conquest" (Dodd, Mead; $1.40) Olive of the reader-sometimes it syncopates. This Wadsley utilizes much of a previously employed reader, at least, and Arthur Sherburne Hardy's plot. She substitutes a Paris street gamin for “No. 13 Rue du Bon Diable” (Houghton Mif- the London waif-heroine, moving him from flin; $1.35) form an admirable example of syn- Paris to London instead of vice versa, and other- chronization. The reader felt no desire to race wise reverses scenes, situations, and characters of ahead of the book, nor did the book incline to her "Possession" in a rather obvious fashion. pass the reader on the track. Which is saying The corresponding figures in the two books much for a detective story. progress along parallel routes to equidistant ter- Mr. Hardy's detective story is unusual in mini, and the journeys make very pleasant read- many ways. There are actually human char- ing. There are good bits of characterization in acters in it, and a swiftly woven texture of mo- “Conquest,” and an authentic air of sophistica- tives, and charming bits of color, local and tion and interest regarding prize-fights and otherwise; a love story that is not sentimental; sporting-events surprising in the work of a and most unusual of all, a murder committed be- woman author even a British one. fore our very eyes so that we know from the What we call “good taste" is the most un- beginning who the murderer is, and are able to justly belittled of the virtues. We speak of it follow with appreciation, and no less intensity usually as of a superficial attribute, when, as a of interest, the work of a French detective whose matter of fact, it is probably as potent at the success is based on neither luck nor cocaine nor roots of things as any other moral force. It is marvelous scientific machinery. not exaggeration to say that the French con- A display of knowledge on matters typo ception of what constitutes good taste might have graphic is a vanity peculiar, let us hope, to a saved the Germans from committing many strictly past generation of reviewers, but it is atrocities in war and in peace, just as it might not out of place to state that in the make-up of save many of our lesser novelists from utter the present volume there is displayed a feeling banality. On the basis of this one book, “The for the quality of the text that is seldom found Man Who Killed" (Brentano; $1.50), Claude in any but the more expensive books. The type, Farrère must be classed among the lesser novel- binding, preliminary pages, even the margins ists, but he must be classed, none the less, as a and running heads, are characteristic of the better writer of some ditinction. The tale he tells is class of French novels, and American novels of a rather fantastic and melodramatic story of twenty years ago. modern Constantinople that might easily have There is perhaps no one in spirit land who become garish in less skilful hands. But M. would find so cordial a hearing as Mark Twain, Farrère has what so many of our contemporary if he were to send a message back to us. But writers lack-intellectual sophistication and good the Mark Twain of "Jap Herron," the novel taste. Dramatic reserve, intelligent characteriza- written from the ouija board (Mitchell Kenner- tion, and an exotic background, painted with ley; $1.50), is not the real Mark Twain. He beauty and understanding, make a strange tale plausible and worth the reading. is a pitiful shade, yearning ineffectually toward a lost earth. If one accepts the book as his, it "The Optimist,” by Susan Taber (Duffield; discredits both his memory and the future life. $1.30), is the title of the first of a group of gen- If one doesn't, the presumably sincere ladies who uine short stories. The author has remarkable operated the ouija board are cast under a shadow. a ability in setting forth the meaningful episodes There is, indeed, just enough circumstantial evi- in her characters' lives. In her economical use dence to arouse the horrible suspicion that per- of material, too, she is skilful, giving in consid- haps Mark Twain did come back to write the erably less than the usual space illuminating book. There are Mark Twain mannerisms in glimpses into the past and clever characteriza- “Jap Herron"; there is an occasional glint of tions besides. For instance, the Optimist explains what might be called Mark Twain humor; there to her vagabond husband that she is an optimist 598 [December 6 THE DIAL because, after the suffering she has endured CASUAL COMMENT through him, anything is tolerable-a new way of arriving at a philosophical attitude. Many Noon, OCTOBER 31, 1917 marked 400 years of the stories are brightened by humor and all are since Martin Luther nailed on the door of the fresh. Schlosskirche at Wittenberg his twenty-five Latin Mary Roberts Rinehart has adopted the theses, from which the Protestant Reformation is conveniently dated. For the sectaries who pseudo-historical form in writing her latest novel, think this act liberated them from intolerable “Long Live the King” (Houghton Mifflin; shackles the man who did it cannot help acquir- $1.50). It is staged in two European countries and deals lightly with the problems of monarchymythus-making mechanism generates everywhere , ing the heroic, semi-divine attributes which the versus revolutionary democracy, while telling the upon Napoleon and Washington and Lincoln, no story of a young crown prince to whom an Amer- ican scenic railway and the companionship of less than upon Paul and Augustine and Luther. In sharp contrast with the inflation worked auto- the proprietor's small son appealed more than matically among the sectaries is the bearishness his own proper business of being taught how to of Catholic writers on the Reformation. The govern. The author has never failed to construct latter cannot help regarding him as a stubborn, a plausible, well-built tale, but she has put no more significance into this than into her previous and in sharp need of discipline. A disinterested rebellious priest, ignorant, bumptious, dogmatic, work. It is amusing enough in contents and estimate, such as a person might make who had more than American in style. no stake in the quarrel between Protestantism In "A Castle to Let," by Mrs. Baillie Rey- and Catholicism, does not exist. Protestant nolds (Doran; $1.35), the ingredients are Tran- estimates, moreover, exhibit a sharper partisan- sylvania, which Mrs. Thurlow thinks is one of ship than Catholic, because they are infected by the United States; an old castle with numberless the superlatives of German Wissenschaft, which secret passages and one locked door as enticing has been moved by national vanity to start its as the one in Blue Beard; susceptible princes; modern national Pantheon with Luther. To the one lost heir, in the guise of a servant; one Germans Luther is a German first and a Chris- smoking dragon; and an English heiress who tian and a thinker afterward, and being German rents the castle and thus acquires mysteries with- is de facto supreme. And for the rest of the out end. It is a book, that is to say, entirely of Protestant world the forty-year-old habit of tak- incident-a thriller for the movie-minded. ing Germans at their own scholarly valuation is The good detective story is never out of style, hard to break. Yet an educated Chinaman or but “The Dream Doctor," by Arthur B. Reeve Hindu, looking upon Luther and his work with (Harper; $1.35), and "The London Nights of a sympathetic but disinterested eye, would find Belsize," by Vernon Rendall (Lane; $1.40), are him on the whole a man of rather cheap mind even better than good, for they are different. and no great dignity of character. He would The detective-story enthusiast probably knows find the Reformation, so far as Luther was in- that Craig Kennedy, Arthur B. Reeve's hero, in- volved in it, determined far more by dynastic variably finds the solution of every mystery by and military considerations than religious ones. means of his scientific apparatus: telephones with He would find Luther uttering in his own life power to reproduce more than the voice, cam- and policy all that the modern mind finds most eras with certain new powers, and machines to intolerable in Catholicism. Between that and detect the criminal. The mechanical devices Lutheranism he would find no intellectual, only would be useless, however, without Kennedy's a political, difference-a decision of the issue shrewd detective instincts. Very different are between Guelph and Ghibelline in favor of the the methods of Belsize, rich and eccentric, find- secular authority. He would see the really ing adventure in London. His only aids to un- religious reformation of Catholicism among the raveling mysteries are various Chinese axioms, followers of Calvin and Zwingli, and surveying such as "Patience and a mulberry leaf will make the two centuries which followed Luther's act, a silk gown." A good part of the tales is persi- he might readily wonder whether that dance to flage, indicated amply by titles like "Feeding the death was worth the fiddler's price. For what Makers of Statistics" or "The Lost Scholar." Catholics are apt to regard as Luther's pig- In one entitled “Belsize as a Commentator: headedness galvanized into new life a moribund Sherlock Holmes,” the amateur detective casts system whose dogmas and symbols were fast be- aspersions on Holmes's knowledge of Thucydides coming merely a hieroglyph and language for and of Greek. In short he intimates that the any ideas a man might choose to entertain. Men whole was a puzzle devised by Watson to keep within the church, even the successor of Peter the famous detective amused. himself, were free-thinking, secularizing powers, > > 1917] 599 THE DIAL little concerned about salvation in a next world, figure became infinitely flexible. But this was and much about the art of life in this. Author- an enervation of the artistic effect, because a ity was giving way to tolerance, theology to violation of an inherently inflexible material. humanism. If the church was corrupt, it was It was taking the backbone out of sculpture. also urbane, and the corruption showed itself Yet Rodin was steadily pushing beyond the moreover as the soil of a healthy secular freedom. boundaries of marble into the realm of color- Luther's rather trivial theses were the starting- suggestion, from the plastic to the pictorial, with points of a series of events which made dogma a growing impatience of the resistance of his once more momentous. They generated a coun- medium. Pencil and water-color were his escape ter-reformation against reformation, Jesuitism from it. It is in his drawings that Rodin more against Puritanism. And for this, which our completely reveals his intimate approach to form Chinese or Hindu historian would recognize as in movement. For the Auidity of line and wash the outcome of an avoidable initial accident, permitted of his instantaneous tracing of the mankind has paid a terrible price in treasure, inner reflection of the parade of moving structure life, happiness, and freedom. It may be that as it passed before him. They possess conse- the Providence that shapes our ends so shapes quently all the magic of the spontaneous, and them that nothing worth winning can be other- that perfect justification of the means in the end which his over-refined statuary lacks. wise won. 9 ONLY TO THOSE UPON WHOM HE EXERTED a CERTAIN EDITORS OF POPULAR MAGAZINES personal influence can the death of Rodin have meant much. For to most of them the vigorous story to be commercially acceptable need not have decided—tentatively at least—that a short and kindly personality was as great a need as be 8000 words, or even 6000 words, in length. their own adulation. To many of them his guidance and inspiration must have been of It may be 2000, presumably, or even 1500, and still escape being negligible. Emphatically, this genuine positive value. But though he was changing to the last, he will be remembered and is a step in the right direction. It disposes of at least one sort of standardization, and that by reckoned by works long since completed, in their no means the least annoying to the serious work- way already classic. In fact, his death has man who thinks of his subject as bearing some eliminated all extra-artistic bias from the ap- definite relation to its development. Will the praisal of his work. His eloquence, his unction, mere shortening of fiction automatically improve his oracular pronouncements about art will for its quality ? Only indirectly, probably, though a long time prejudice the judges of his work, the omission of banal chatter put in to extend the but to the rest of the cultivated world he will areas "next to reading matter," will be at least be an artist of amazing originality, Auid and a negative gain. Stevenson, to be sure, used to abundant, thoughtful without profundity, ro- mantic without passion. He is most profound argue with great eloquence that he could pro- and passionate when under the spell of Michel- duce masterpieces with a pruning-knife; but he angelo. The mention of this influence needs no was only thoughtlessly reflecting the traditional apology, for though it is a historical common- French superstition, and confessing that he was place, it is far more fundamental than is com- never embarrassed by any exuberance of the cre- monly supposed. Ever since the turbulent public ative imagination. Masterpieces, alas, are not appearance of the Bronze Age, in 1877, Rodin to be had so cheaply. They are produced not by manifested that whether his plastic conceptions leaving things out, but by putting the right ultimately derived from specific works of Michel- things in. The short stories of Mr. Conrad are angelo or not, he was haunted by his movement. long, but they are never too long; they are just What he learned from the Louvre Slaves, the long enough to contain all that he has found St. Matthew, the Medici Chapel in Florence, it worth while to say about his theme. Neither the Jeremiah in Rome, carried him beyond these are the short stories of O. Henry too short. His in the same direction. It was a type of move- emotions exhausted themselves rapidly because ment which began with the great master and they were obvious emotions and easily shared. which had in his hands become a mode of ex- He understood his talent perfectly, and it was pressing the will and the instincts in blind, not simple laziness that led him to do his trick weltering labor and strife, while the physiog- with the swiftness of a juggler and ring down nomy was to remain—at least in highly respect- the curtain on a smile or a sigh. Such a gift able art — the agent of mechanical, as his cannot adjust itself readily to the require- knowable, superficial psychology. Rodin's ex- ments of 8000 words, and to maintain such a ploitation of symbolic movement led him to relax standard places a serious handicap on men whose the laws of twisting and bending until the work is done in the spirit of the artist. more 600 [December 6 THE DIAL CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED JUVENILE LITERATURE Many of the sensations and conceptions of child- hood reach far into the future to motivate the re- actions and attitudes of middle age. The memory of the first book echoes sensitively in the mind after a lifetime of hardier experience. It is an earnest of the pervasive influence of the original images, now generating ceaselessly, though invisibly, in the deep subconscious; and some psychologist may hereafter point to a disquisition on the ramifications of the first “Mother Goose." Whether it is better that children should imbibe fairy-tale conceptions of life or better that they should imbibe the truth about things as they are, however unlovely some things as they are may be, depends, of course, on whether that early innocent faith in the beauty and goodness of the world engendered by pretty fairy tales and other candied fiction, hinders or helps adjustment to the world as it is, hinders or helps the movement to make the world what it ought to be. For ourself, we should place Anatole France's "Girls and Boys" in the hands of every child; for he tells his stories with a heart for the truth of life and a pity that some things should be true-forces both for life as it ought to be. Disillusionment at twenty has loosed more misanthropy on the world than can ever be laid at the door of bitter fact from the cradle up. With a view_to helping in the choice of books for children, THE DIAL presents herewith a selective list, compiled by Miss May Massee, editor of the “Book list," which is published by the American Library Association. FAIRY TALES Broom Fairies, The, and Other Stories. By Ethel M. Gate. Yale University Press; $1. Eight new fairy tales which combine imagina- tion, beauty, and humor so well that they could hold their own in any collection of the best old tales. Red Indian Fairy Book for the Children's Own Reading and for Story-tellers, The. By Frances J. Olcott. Houghton Miffin; $2. Beautifully told from authentic sources. They are largely nature stories and are arranged for the months of the year. The illustrations are by Frederick Richardson. Tales of the Persian Genii. By Frances J. Ol- cott. Houghton Mifflin; $2. Tales which abound in the color, the mystery, and the wisdom of the East. Four beautiful color plates by Willy Pogany. For the older fairy-tale children. Stokes' Wonder Book of Fairy Tales. Edited by Elizabeth V. Quinn. Stokes; $2. A delightful collection with twenty-four bright colored plates and many illustrations in black and white by Florence Choate and Elizabeth Curtis. It includes the old, old favorites with “Little Black Sambo" and "Peter Rabbit" for the new. Fairy Tales From Brazil. By Elsie S. Eells. Dodd, Mead; $1.25. Largely animal stories which remind one of the Uncle Remus tales in “How the Tiger Got His Stripes," "Why the Lamb Is Meek," "How the Hen Got Speckles, and so on. Well told. Boy Who Went to the East, The, By Ethel C. Brill. Dutton; $1.50. Twelve folk tales from the Iroquois and Algon- quin Indians retold for eight-year-old white Americans. Old Peter's Russian Tales. By, Arthur Ransome. Stokes; $2. Old Peter tells the stories to his grandchildren. He gives humorous touches, and even the familiar plots have the charm of novelty in their different setting. Illustrated in color and black and white by Dmitri Mitrokhin. Enchanted Lochan, The. By F. Carmichael Brunton. Crowell; $1.65. Angus Og the Ever-young takes Hugh into the enchanted land of Celtic lore and tells him familiarly the stories of Midir the proud, Man- nanan of the sea, Bridget of the fires and others. Book of Seven Wishes, The. By Gertrude A. Kay. Moffat, Yard; $1.50. Strange stories of what happened when the wishes came true, what might happen to any little boy or girl if the fairies were to be as busy now as they were long ago, in once-upon- a-time. Good pictures, several in color. Treasury of Folk Tales, A. By Lilian Gask. Crowell; 50 cts. Eight well-told stories from various countries. This makes a good cheap gift book for the fairy-tale age. BOYS' STORIES (Girls will like the stories in this division just as well as boys.) Raven Patrol of Bob's Hill By Charles P. Bur- ton. Holt; $1.30. The Bob's Hill boys camp on the ocean and have an exciting Fourth of July in Boston. Entertaining and full of fun. Island of Appledore, The. By Adair Aldon. Mac- millan; $1.25. Seventeen-year-old Billy's adventures on island off the coast of New England which is wanted by Germans for a wireless station. Sheridan's Twins. By Sidford F. Hamp. Put- nam; $1.25. The adventures of two boys in the early days of Colorado. Common sense, pluck, and in- dustry combine with thrilling dangers to make their lives and their story interesting. Camp Jolly; or The Secret-finders in the Grand Cañon. By Frances Little. Century; $1.25. A good adventure story. Amusement is fur- nished by the colored boy, Rags, who accom- panies the boys and Billy's father in their "secret-hunt" in the canyon. Gold Cache, The. By James W. Schultz. Hough- ton Miffin; $1.25. Adventures of a youth and some Blackfoot Indians, who travel far in search of buried gold. The dangers of the way and hostile Indians add excitement. Straight Ahead. By Hawley Williams. Apple- ton; $1.35. An idle, careless boy is expelled from school as a failure, turns over a new leaf, and ends by being taken as a "silent" but working partner in his father's grocery store. Book of the Happy Warrior, The, By Sir Henry J. Newbolt. Longmans, Green; $1.75. For boys and girls who like the tales of chiv- alry, this book gives stories of Roland, Richard Cour de Lion, St. Louis, Robin Hood and other well-known knights, with a comparison of chivalry then and now. an 1917] 601 THE DIAL Give Only Wholesome Books to that Youngster! Golden Eagle, The. By Allen French. Century; $1.25. Pelham and his sister spend a summer on the New England coast and learn to sail a boat well. Rulers of the Lakes, The. By Joseph A. Alt- sheler. Appleton; $1.35. The scene is laid around Lakes George and Champlain at the time of the French and In- dian War just after Braddock's defeat. The boy heroes act as scouts for William Johnson in the expedition against Crown Point. A sequel to “The Shadow of the North.” Blue Heron's Feather, The. By Rupert S. Hol- land. Lippincott; $1.25. "The story of a Dutch boy in the American colony of New Netherland. Along with Pe- ter's fortunes, his experiences with settlers and Indians, the history of the colony is out- lined, to the time of the English occupation. Boy Scout, The, and Other Stories for Boys. By Richard Harding Davis. Scribner; $1.25. Contents: "The Boy Scout"; "The Boy Who Cried Wolf”; “Gallegher”; “Blood Will Tell”; “The Bar Sinister." Plattsburgers, The. By Arthur S. Pier. Hough- ton Miffin; $1.25. A story of training at the first Plattsburg mili- tary camp for boys. Sons of Eli. By Ralph D. Paine. Scribner; $1.35. Nine readable short stories about undergradu- ate life at Yale, especially athletics and the spirit of the various teams. STORIES FOR GIRLS FROM ELEVEN TO THIRTEEN Surprise House. By Abbie F. Brown. Hough- ton Mifflin; $1. How Mary found her inheritance through clues that were revealed as she carefully read the books recommended by her aunt who had given Mary her library. Lost Little Lady, The. By Emilie B. Knipe and Arthur A. Knipe. Century; $1.35. An entertaining story of an Irish girl in New York in Civil War times and of a little south- ern girl lost there with her mammy. Spanish Chest, The. By Edna A. Brown. Loth- rop, Lee and Shepard; $1.35. The treasure chest adds adventure to the de- lightful account of the winter spent by the children on the Isle of Jersey. Girl Next Door, The. By Augusta H. Seaman. Century; $1.25. A mystery story which concerns a strange girl living with two mysterious old women in a closely shuttered house next door. Winona of Camp Karonya. By Margaret Wid- demer. Lippincott; $1.25. A bright, entertaining story of Camp Fire Girls and Boy Scouts, a lost English scout from the Belgian front, an adopted baby, and many unusual happenings. Sequel to "Winona of the Camp Fire." Chokecherry Island. By Louise S. Hasbrouck. Appleton; $1.35. Two sisters and their brother have to spend the summer on an island in the St. Lawrence River. They find a mysterious stranger, a sensi- ble boy and girl their own age and some sur- prising ideas of their own deficiencies. Tuck-Me-In Stories By Enos B. Comstock Read it again! Read it again! I want to hear about how the little rabbit hid in the big bear tracks, and the dogs didn't catch him, and about the blue jay who tried to make believe he could sing, and about the fox who won a race and lost a dinner, and about the wedding cake dream, and about the old rat whose manners were very bad but who didn't catch the little mouse-and-and-I want to hear them all over. Read it again, Mother, read it again! That's how the little tot takes to “Tuck- Me-In Stories,” the brightest, most pleasing juvenile success of the season. Illustrated in color and line. $1.00 net. The Book of Seven Wishes By Gertrude Alice Kay Wishing! And what a magic number is seven! But you may say when you see these wonderful pictures that such things never hap- pen to you. But maybe you did not make your wish quickly enough when the star fell, or perhaps the load of hay was drawn by black horses instead of white ones, or else the new moon was tipped in such a way that all the luck ran out. Just try this Book of Seven Wishes and see if your luck isn't better. Illustrated in color and line by the author. $1.50 net. Order from your dealer or from Moffat, Yard & Company Publishers New York 602 [December 6 THE DIAL ers. GIVE BOOKS WORTH WHILE Notice the authorship of these Giotto and Some of his Followers By OSVALD SIREN, author of Leonardo da Vinci, compiler of the Catalogue of the Jarves Collection, Yale University, Professor of the His- tory of Art, University of Stockholm. 2 vols. Italian hand-made paper sides. $12.00. (Special subscribers' edition, $30.00.) One of the important art books of the year. It treats Giotto in relation to the art of his time, taking up with a thoroughness not to be found elsewhere the work of six of his principal follow- Vol. II is a beautiful collection of plates illustrating about 300 masterpieces. Euthymides and his Fellows By JOSEPH CLARK HOPPIN, sometime Pro- fessor of the Greek Language and Literature in the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. $4.00 The plates in this volume will delight any lover of ceramics. The Ladies of Dante's Lyrics By CHARLES HALL GRANDGENT, Professor of Romance Languages in Harvard University. $1.35 These lectures, freely interspersed with transla- tions from the lyrics, introduce various ladies celebrated in Dante's lighter verse and discuss the question of their allegorical significance. The Spiritual Message of Dante By RT. REV. WILLIAM BOYD CARPENTER. Portraits and plates. $1.50 Unusually graceful diction and profound scholar- ship characterize this analysis of the Divina Commedia. Sonnets and Other Lyrics By ROBERT SILLIMAN HILLYER. 75 cents Especially noteworthy among the republished poems is To Those Who Defended. The War of Positions By LT. COL. PAUL AZAN of the French Army. Eleventh thousand. $1.25 Colonel Azan's reputation as a trainer of army officers in France and America is responsible for the great demand for this condensed manual of information necessary for trench fighters. French for Soldiers By A. F. WHITTEM and P. W. LONG. Re- vised by Officers of the French Army. The essential grammar and vocabularies for im- mediate use at the front. STORIES FOR THE OLDER GIRLS Newcomers, The. By Elia W. Peattie. Hough- ton Mifflin; $1.25. A pleasant family of young people and their mother move from Chicago to a little town. The story describes their readjustments and their part in helping their neighbors. Heart of Isabel Carleton, The. By Margaret E. Ashmun. Macmillan; $1.25. Isabel's year at college; a sequel to “Isabel Carleton's Year." Like that, it is distinguished by its wholesome simplicity and its emphasis on natural interests and companionships. Not the type that its name would indicate. Maid of Old Manhattan, A. By Emilie B. Knipe and Arthur A. Knipe. Macmillan; $1.25. There is a mystery about the identity of An- netje, who has been brought up in New Am- sterdam, and it is not solved until the English take the town. A good picture of the times, with romance enough to please girls about fourteen. BOOKS FOR THE LITTLE CHILDREN Tuck-me-in Stories. By Enos B. Comstock. Mof- fat, Yard; $1. Amusing animal stories which have much of the wisdom and humor of the old fables. The pictures are of real animals, with expression, not just overdressed caricatures. Muvver and Me. By Robert Livingston. Hough- ton Mifflin; $1. "Old-fashioned rhymes for new-fangled kid- dies," about the everyday happenings dear to every little boy and girl. When Daddy Was a Boy. By Thomas W. Parry. Little, Brown; $1.25. Daddy lived on a southern farm and he re- members all the details that make his stories of the time interesting to read to six- and seven-year-olds. Cloud Boat Stories. By Olive R. Barton, Hough- ton Mifflin; $1.50. The little boy sails with the Sandman to ad- ventures with familiar Mother Goose charac- ters. Pleasantly told, with attractive pictures in color and black and white by Milo Winter. Old Dutch Nursery Rhymes. By R. H. Elkin; illustrated by H. Willebeek Le Mair. McKay; $2. Quaint colored illustrations with songs and music. A delightful companion to “Our Old Nursery Rhymes” and “Little Songs of Long Ago. Mother West Wind “When” Stories. By Thorn- ton W. Burgess. Little, Brown; $1. The perennial and much loved. "Quaddies” again. This time Grandfather Frog tells about when Mr. Bluebird got his coat, Mr. Gopher got pockets, Mr. Hummingbird his long bill, and so on. Two Little Mice and Others. By Katharine Pyle. Dodd, Mead; $1.25. Teensy and Weensy have adventures which closely resemble those possible for any five- year-old girl and boy. Fascinating illustrations by the author. Toyland Mother Goose, The. By Patten Beard. Stokes; $1.50. One hundred and forty Mother Goose rhymes illustrated with photographs of children's toys. Studies in Norman Institutions By CHARLES HOMER HASKINS, Dean of the Graduate School in Harvard University. A scholarly survey of various phases of Norman administration which have affected all English- speaking countries. By the Honorable Elihu Root Addresses on International Subjects. $2.50. Addresses on Government and Citizenship. $2.50. Latin America and the United States. $2.50. The Military and Colonial Policy of the United States. $2.50. Miscellaneous Addresses. $2.50. The United States and the War. The Mission to Russia. $3.00. If your dealer cannot show you these books, send to the HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 23 Randall Hall 280 Madison Ave. Cambridge, Mass. New York, N. Y. 1917] 603 THE DIAL ESSAYS IN THE STUDY OF SIENESE PAINTING By Bornard Boronson Sm. 4to. Photogravure frontispiece and many full-page photographic plates. $8.50 net. De- livered $3.65. (In press.) Nothing that Mr. Berenson has written in re- cent years surpasses this volume in its incisive and illuminating handling of a difficult and ex- tremely interesting subject. The author iden- tifies heretofore unrecognized artistic personalities and indicates the development of little known artists whose paintings are quite as fascinating as they are rare. VENETIAN PAINTING IN AMERICA THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY By Bernard Boronson Small 4to. Photogravure frontispiece and 110 full-page photographic plates, $5.00 net. De- livered $5.20. One of the most significant works of reconstruc- tive criticism that have appeared in recent years on the subject of Italian painting. It teems with incidental criticism, aesthetic evaluations, and val. uable hints of attribution. -The Dial. LANDSCAPE AND FIGURE PAINTERS OF AMERICA By Frederic F. Sherman 12mo. Photogravure frontispiece and 27 photo- graphic plates. $1.75 net. Delivered $1.86. (Ready December 16.) Brief essays aimed toward a fuller appreciation of the significant phases of American art from the landscape of Homer Martin to the nudes of Miss Lillian Genth, including the work of Albert P. Ryder, Robert Loftin Newman, R. A. Blakelock and others. OTHER BOOKS FOR BOYS OR GIRLS ABOUT ELEVEN Story-Book of Science, The. By Jean H. C. Fabre; translated by Florence Č. Bicknell. Century; $2. The wonders of the plant and animal world, with chapters on natural phenomena, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. Fascinating to children who can use their eyes and their minds and are not afraid of a little preachment. First Aid for Boys. By Norman B. Cole and Clifton H. Ernst. Appleton; $1.25. A manual for boy scouts; the directions are well given and simplified by diagrams. Top of the Continent, The. By Robert S. Yard. Scribner; 75 cts. “The story of a cheerful journey through our national parks.” Two children take the journey with their parents. They learn something of the way our world is being made and more of its glory and wonder. Illustrated with over seventy excellent photographs. For boys and girls about ten years old. When I Was a Girl in Holland. By Cornelia De Groot. Lothrop, Lee and Shepard; 75 cts. A matter-of-fact but interesting account of a girl's life in Friesland. For children about eleven. OTHER BOOKS FOR OLDER BOYS OR GIRLS Carpentry for Beginners. By John D. Adams. Moffat, Yard; $1.50. Gives many suggestions for boys who can use tools well and follow a working, drawing: Boys' Book of Mounted Police, The. By Irving Crump. Dodd, Mead; $1.35. Tells of the heroic service and the strenuous lives of the Constabulary or Mounted Police in the United States and the border countries. Thrilling Deeds of British Airmen. By Eric Wood. Crowell; $1.65. Descriptions of spectacular work in fighting Zeppelins and enemy air-planes, bombing sup- ply stations, submarine bases, etc. Boys' Book of Sports, The. Edited by Grantland Rice. Century; $2. Famous players in all the outdoor sports tell the boys how they won their honors. Illus- trated with photographs of men in action. A treasure-trove for any outdoor boy. How to Fly. By Archie F. Collins. Appleton; $1.10. A clear and untechnical description of how the aeroplane Alies, how it is built and balanced, how the engine works, and how to become a pilot. PRAYERS, POETRY, AND PLAYS Prayers for Use in Home, School, and Sunday School. Edited by Frederica Beard. Doran; 60 cts. A beautiful collection arranged for little chil- dren, boys and girls from nine to fourteen years of age, and for young people. All Around the Sun-dial. By Caroline Hofman. Dutton; $2. That rare thing, a book of children's verses for children and not just about children. De- lightful pictures in color and black and white. Little Days, The. By Frances Gill. Houghton Mifflin; $1.50. Charming verses which will interest the imagi- native, thoughtful child. Attractive illustra- tions by Milo Winter. press.) FRANCISCO DE ZURBARAN By Jose Cascalos Munoz Translated by NELLIE YE EVANS 4to. Photogravure frontispiece and 60 full-page photographic plates. Limited edition of 300 copies only. $10.00 net. Delivered $10.26. (In An exhaustive study of this great Spanish artist of the seventeenth century containing all the known facts of his life, an exhaustive list of his works and an intelligent and informing criticism of his art. THE LATE YEARS OF MICHEL ANGELO By Wilhelm R. Valentiner 8vo. Illustrated with collotype plates, 300 copies on hand-made paper at $6.00 net. No one has made the mysterious giant of the Renaissance live for us in the same degree. -New York Tribune. AMERICAN ARTIST SERIES Each volume uniform, finely printed from type on hand-made paper in limited editions and beautifully illustrated with photogravure plates. Aloxandor Wyant. By Eliot Clark....... $12.50 Winslow Homor. By Kenyon Cox........ 12.50 Goorge Innoss. By Elliott Daingerfield... 12.50 Homer Martin. By Frank J. Mather, Jr. 12.50 R. A. Blakelock. By Elliott Daingerfield... 10.00 Fifty Paintings by Innoss... 20.00 Fifty.olght Palntings by Martin.. 15.00 Sixty Paintings by Wyant (In Press) 15.00 Frederic Fairchild Sherman 1790 BROADWAY NEW YORK 604 [December 6 THE DIAL New Crowell Juveniles BOY'S BOOK OF SCOUTS By PERCY K. FITZHUGH A collection of entertaining accounts of Kit Car- son, Daniel Boone, David Crockett, Buffalo Bill, and many others. Illus., 8vo., net $1.25 THE BOOK OF HOLIDAYS By J. WALKER McSPADDEN The "days we celebrate” are described in pleas- ing style for young people. Illus., 8vo., net $1.25 THE ENCHANTED LOCHAN By F. CARMICHAEL BRUNTON Stories of Celtic Mythology, with four illustrations in color. 8vo., net $1.65 THE AGE OF FABLE, or Stories of Gods and Heroes By THOMAS BULFINCH Sixteen full-page illustrations and index. 12mo., cloth, net $1.00 BABES OF THE WILD By LILIAN GASK Illustrations in color. 8vo., net $1.25 Holiday Plays for Home, School and Settlement. By Virginia Olcott Moffat, Yard; $1. Eight children's plays for special holidays. All are short, easily given, and have definite sug- gestions and pictures for costumes. Plays, Pantomimes and Tableaux for Children. By Nora A. Smith. Moffat, Yard; $1. Five plays, fairy-tale pantomimes, and Christ- mas tableaux. The suggestions for staging and costuming will help the grown-ups who are allowed to play with the children. BIOGRAPHY Life of Robert E. Lee for Boys and Girls, The. By J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton and Mary Thompson Hamilton. Houghton Mifflin; $1.25. For boys and girls of the upper grammar grades or high school. A dignified account which emphasizes the man as a great Ameri- can, a hero for the South and the North as well. Heroes of To-day. By Mary R. Parkman. Cen- tury; $1.35. John Burroughs, John Muir, Wilfred Grenfell, Robert F. Scott, Edward Trudeau, Bishop Rowe, Jacob Riis, Rupert Brooke, Herbert C. Hoover, Samuel Pierpont Langley, George Washington Goethals. Heroines of Service. By Mary R. Parkman. Cen- tury; $1.35. Mary Lyon, Clara Barton, Frances Willard, Julia Ward Howe, Anna Shaw, Mary Antin, Mary Slessor, Madame Curie, Jane Addams, Alice C. Fletcher, Alice Freeman Palmer. These books give outlines of the work of men and women of to-day, told to interest girls or boys about twelve or their older sisters or brothers or mothers and fathers. Ten American Girls from History. By Kate D. Sweetser. Harper; $1.50. Interesting stories of Pocahontas, Dorothy Quincy, Molly Pitcher, Elizabeth Van Lew, Ida Lewis, Clara Barton, Virginia Reed, Louisa M. Alcott, Clara Morris, Anna Dickinson. For girls about twelve years of age. NEW EDITIONS OF OLD FAVORITES Red Badge of Courage, The. By Stephen Crane. Appleton; $1. Gulliver's Travels. By Jonathan Swift. Edited by Padraic Colum; illustrated by Willy Pogany. Macmillan; $2. Boy's King Arthur, The. Edited by Sidney Lan- ier; illustrated by N. C. Wyeth. Scribner; $2.50. Nights with Uncle Remus. By Joel Chandler Harris; illustrated by Milo Winter. Houghton Mimin; $3. Prince and the Pauper, The. By Mark Twain; Illustrated by Franklin Booth. Harper; $2.50. Water Babies, The. By Charles Kingsley; illus- trated by Maria L. Kirk. Lippincott; $i.35. Moufflou and Other Stories. By Louisa de la Ramé; illustrated by Maria L. Kirk. Lippin- cott; 50 cts. Grimm's Fairy Tales. Illustrated by Monro S. Orr. McKay; $1. Treasure Island. By Robert Louis Stevenson; illustrated by John Cameron. McKay; $1. Kidnapped. By Robert Louis Stevenson; illus- trated by W. R. S. Stott. McKay; $1. Our Children. By Anatole France; illustrated by Boutet de Monvel. Duffield; $2.25. Girls and Boys. By Anatole France; illustrated by Boutet de Monvel. Duffield; $2.25. WOOD and WATER FRIENDS By CLARENCE HAWKES By the author of "Hitting the Dark Trail." Illus- trated by Copeland. 8vo., net $1.25 UNCLE SQUEAKY'S VACATION By NELLIE M. LEONARD Illustrated. 12mo., net 50 cents THE PIKE'S PEAK RUSH By EDWIN L. SABIN Illustrated by H. Fisk. 8vo., net $1.00 A TREASURY OF FOLK TALES A TREASURY OF OLD FAIRY TALES Illustrated. 12mo., per vol., net 50 cents BOYS AND GIRLS OF MANY LANDS By INEZ N. McFEE Illustrated. 8vo., net $1.25 SAMI AND THE BIRDS By JOHANNA SPYRI Illustrated in color. Net 50 cents Order of Your Bookseller Thos.Y.Crowell Company 426-428 W. Broadway, New York 1917] 60. THE DIAL A SELECTED LIST OF CHRISTMAS BOOKS Divers Proverbs By Nathan Bailey Woodcuts by Allen Lewis ALLEN LEWIS Oo A unique vol- ume of old proverbs, with their “explica- tions,” here col- lected for the first time and printe din rubri. cated Old Style text. Boards, with marble- paper sides and paper label. $1.00 net. The hostage By Paul Claudel A translation, with Introduction by Pierre Chavannes, of one of Claudel's best known and perhaps most characteristic plays. Boards, $1.50 net. an THE DIAL presents herewith a short list of some of the outstanding works of the fall publishing season. The list is not offered as in any sense exhaustive. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE Viscount Morley's Recollections. 2 vols., Mac- millan; $7.50. The Middle Years. By Henry James. Scribner; $1.25. The Journals of Leo Tolstoy. Vol. 1. Dutton; $2. Selections from the Correspondence of the First Lord Acton. Edited by John Neville Figgis and Reginald Vere Laurence. 2 vols. Long- mans, Green; $5. Uncollected Letters of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by Gilbert A. Tracy and Ida M. Tarbell. Houghton Mifflin; $2.50. Joseph H. Choate. By Theron G. Strong. Dodd, Mead; $3. Years of My Youth. By William Dean Howells. Harper; $2.50. In the World. By Maxim Gorky. Century; $2. The Journal of Leo Tolstoi. Translated by Rose Strunsky. Knopf; $2. Li Hung Chang. By J. O. P. Bland. Holt; $2. ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE Mark Twain's Letters. Edited by Albert Bige- low Paine. 2 vols. Harper; $4. Some Modern Belgian Writers. By G. Turquet Milnes. McBride; $1. Tendencies in Modern American Poetry. By Amy Lowell. Macmillan; $2.50. The Cambridge History of American Literature. Edited by William Peterfield Trent, John Ers- kine, Stuart Pratt Sherman, and Carl Van Doren. Putnam; $3.50 per vol. John Keats. By Sir Sidney Colvin. Scribner; $4.50. A Book of Prefaces. By H. L. Mencken. Knopf; $1.50. Nietzsche, the Thinker. By William M. Salter. Holt; $3.50. Literature and Life. By Lafcadio Hearn. Edited by John Erskine. Dodd, Mead; $3.50. BOOKS ON WAR AND PEACE Political Ideals. By Bertrand Russell. Century; $1. The Coming Democracy. By Hermann Fernau. Dutton; $2. Militarism. By Karl Liebknecht. Huebsch; $1. Nationalism., By Sir Rabindranath Tagore. Mac- millan; $1.50. My Third Year of the War. By Frederick Pal- mer. Dodd, Mead; $1.50. Faith, War and Policy. By Gilbert Murray. Houghton Mifflin; $1.25. The Soul of the Russian Revolution. By Mois- saye J. Olgin. Holt; $2.50. Japan in World Politics. By K. K. Kawakami. Macmillan; 1.50. America and the Cause of the Allies. By Norman Angell. Putnam; $1.25. BOOKS OF VERSE Evening Hours. By Emile Verhaeren. Lane; $1. · Al Que Quiere. By William Carlos Williams. Four Seas Co.; $1. Lines Long and Short. By Henry B. Fuller. Houghton Miffin; $1.25. There's Pippins and Cheese to Come By Charles S. Brooks These delightful essays that stray every- where and lead nowhere are rich in the quiet humor and whimsical fancies that made the author's previous volume, “Journeys to Bag. dad,” such a success. Twenty-six pen-and-ink sketches. Boards, $2.00 net. . A Book of Yale Review Verse With a Foreword by the Editors A dainty gift-book, including poems by John Masefield, Alfred Noyes, Robert Frost, Walter de la Mare, Amy Lowell, and others. Boards, 75 cents net. Sea Moods and Other Poems By Edward Bliss Reed Readers will gain from these lyrics the ex- hilaration which only a salt breeze can give. Cloth, $1.00 net. Beggar and King By Richard Butler Glaenzer “A first volume of verse by an American poet of rare versatility.”—Boston Transcript. Boards, with Italian hand-made paper sides, $1.00 net. Tower of Jvory By Archibald MacLeish Poems of lyric quality and intellectual depth. Boards, $1.00 net. YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 120 College Street 280 Madison Avenue NEW HAVEN, CONN. NEW YORK CITY 606 [December 6 THE DIAL SALT OF THE EARTH The Collected Poems of Wilfrid Wilson Gibson. Macmillan; $2. Old Christmas, and Other Kentucky Tales in Verse. By William Aspenwall Bradley. Hough- ton Mifflin; $1.25. Grenstone Poems. By Witter Bynner. Stokes; $1.75. Lustra. By Ezra Pound. Knopf; $1.50. The Chinese Nightingale. By Vachel Lindsay. Macmillan; $1.25. Others, An Anthology of the New Verse. Edited by Alfred Kreymborg. Knopf; $1.50. The Jig of Forslin. By Conrad Aiken. Four Seas Co. Tricks of the Trade. By J. C. Squire. Putnam; $1. The Closed Door. By Jean de Bosschere. Trans- lated by J. S. Flint. Lane; $1.25. By MRS. ALFRED SIDGWICK Author of “Home Life in Germany," etc. HE author of this book knows and under- T stands Germany-its customs, its people, through and through. She has the gift of interpretation. Her characters are living flesh and blood. They are made real to us, and their very souls are bared. Here we learn just what that thing is against which we are fighting. Here we learn just why we are sending our men to the trenches. As we read we are stirred to a new passion of zeal in this battle for the triumph of right over wrong. The writer reveals to us the heart of Germany, lovable in some aspects, but chiefly sinister, hide ous, a threat to the world. As we read we get un- der the skin of the military caste that lusts to dominate the whole world. But the truth taught by this novel is not its only merit. It is a story full of charm from the first word to the last. There are bits of realism that give the reader & new appreciation of war's hatefulness. Yet, at the end, there is happiness for those who have grown strong through suffering. It is a novel of entertainment that thrills and satisfies. It leaves & memory of the sort that makes for patriotism. For Sale by all Booksellers, Net $1.40. NOTES FOR BIBLIOPIJILES (Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad- dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.] W.J.Watt & Co. Publishers New York Popular Jacobs Juveniles The Flag By Homer Greone An inspiring, patriotic story of the present war. Illus- trated. $1.25 net. Jean of Greenacres By Izola L. Forrester The interesting experiences of Jean in the city, when she takes up her chosen work and makes good. A book to inspire as well as to entertain. 12mo. cloth. Inlay on cover and four colored illustrations. $1.26 net. The first important New York book sale of the season was held by the American Art Association on November 19 and 20. There were three ses- sions and 761 lots. The grand total was $10,760.50. Of all the items the most interesting perhaps was "The Isle of Pines,” by Henry Neville, printed at Cambridge, Massachusetts, by Samuel Green the elder, in 1668. It was an unrecorded issue of one of the "lost books" of the colonial press in the college buildings at Cambridge. It was the White Kennett copy, with his autograph signature on the title, and was in Bishop Kennett's library, disposed of in London on July 30, 1917. After the death of Mathew Day in 1649, Green was appointed to take charge of the printing-office of the college press. He became prominent both in civil and military affairs of the colony. His name is the most famous of all the early printers in New England, his service as manager of the college press extending over forty years. “The Isle of Pines” is a romance after the manner of Swift and Defoe. It was quite popular in its day and passed through several editions. It was knocked down to Mr. Blanchfield for $410. The rare first edition of "The American Physi- tian," by W. Hughes, London, 1672, went to Mr. Furman for $40. The wax portrait of George Washington done from life by Joseph Wright, and from which he made the plaster cast which he sent to his mother, Patience Wright, as a model for her famous wax-relief portrait of Washington, was bought on order for $520. A stipple portrait of Washington, drawn by R. Peale, engraved by D. Edwin, and published by J. Savage in 1800, was bought by Frederick W. Morris for $95. A stipple portrait of John Adams, published by E. Savage in 1800, sold for $75, and a stipple portrait of Thomas Jefferson, drawn by R. Peale, engraved by D. Edwin, and published by J. Savage in 1800, went for $65. “The American Querist,” by Myles Cooper, New York, printed by James Rivington, 1774, the extremely rare second issue, was ob- tained by Mr. Morris for $60. ) The Greenacre Girls Uniform with above. $1.25 net. Joan's California Summer By Caroline E. Jacobs and Lucy M. Blanchard An informative and delightfully interesting tale of how two boys and two girls spent a summer in California. 12mo. cloth. Illustrated. $1.25 net. Andersen's Fairy Tales (The Washington Square Classics) A complete edition, compiled in the main from the trans- lations of Mrs. E. Lucas and Mrs. H. B. Paul. Seven colored pictures by Eleanor P. Abbott. 12mo. Reinforced cloth binding. $1.26 net. 1 George W.Jacobs & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa. 1917] 607 THE DIAL Life Development Books Ass ociation Press BOOKS WITH PURPOSE Everyday Life, Christian Educa- tional, Physical Education, and Bible Study Liter- ature AP Publication De- partment, Inter- national Commit- tee, Young Men's Christian Asso- ciations A NEW FOSDICK BOOK (To Be Published Dec. 15th) “The Meaning of Faith” By HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK An “Everyday Life" Book Thin Paper, Art Leather Cloth, Round Corners, Pocket Size, $1.00 THIS IS THE BOOK that Fosdick has been working on for years, and turned aside long enough to write “The Challenge of the Present Crisis.” The author's purpose in these twelve studies is to clear away the misapprehensions involved in the commonly accepted theories of faith, to indicate the relationship of faith to other aspects of life, to face frankly the serious question of suffering as an obstacle of faith, and to expound the vital significance of faith in Jesus Christ. "Military Collection and Romance," by Major Robert Donkin, New York, printed by H. Gaine, 1777, with the rare frontispiece engraved by J. Smither, dedicated by the author to Earl Percy, was bought by Charles F. Heartman for $60. A rare Revolutionary broadside poem, "Description of the Sufferings of those who were on board the Jersey and other prison Ships in the Harbor of New York,” went to Mr. Heartman for $52.50. He paid the same amount for “Lettre du Roi," Paris, 1780. Mr. Morris gave $80 for the rare Boston 1780 edition of the “History of the War in America,” and $56 for the rare Philadelphia 1783 first-printed broadside regarding the cessa- tion of arms. Mr. Heartman paid $56 for the first peace proclamation by Governor William Pace of Maryland, dated Annapolis, 1783. The rare “Declaration of the Demeanor and Cariage of Sir Walter Raleigh," by Sir Francis Bacon, London, 1618, was bought on order for $45. Lathrop C. Harper paid $50 for Richard Blome's “Description of the Island of Jamaica,' London, 1768, and $39 for Zabdiel Boylston's "His- torical Account of the Small-Pox Inoculated in New England,” Boston, 1730. Mr. Furman gave $30 for Thomas Bray's "Memorial,” London, 1700. Curtis Walters obtained for $70 the rare first edition of "The White-Footed Deer and other Poems,” by William Cullen Bryant, original wrappers uncut, New York, 1844. Mr. Heartman paid $170 for the original edition of Eliot's “New Testament in the Indian Language,” Cambridge, 1661, and $42.50 for the rare Edinburgh 1699 edition of the “Isthmus of Darien.” An autograph letter of Daniel Parke Custis, first husband of Martha Washington, dated May 5, 1755, was bought on order for $42.50. Mr. Har- per paid $34 for "America,” a poem by William Livingston, governor of New Jersey, printed at New Haven in 1770. Mr. Morris gave $97.50 for Sir Martin Frobisher's voyages in German, printed at Noremberg in 1580, and Mr. Harper obtained for $60 a Latin edition of the same work printed the same year in the same town. An exceedingly scarce edition of "An Abridgement of Samuel Hop- kins's Historical Memoirs relating to the Hon- satunnuk or Stockbridge Indians," with introduc- tion by Benjamin Franklin, Philadelphia, 1757, went to Robert H. Dodd for $400. Mr. Heartman paid $100 for Daniel Horsmanden's “Negro Plot,” 1747. Mr. Harper gave $320 for the Paris 1782 original edition of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia.” Mr. Dodd paid $60 for the rare “Letter to a Friend,” by John Kearsley, Philadelphia, printed by B. Franklin and D. Hall, 1751. George D. Smith obtained for $50 the scarce Kennebeck Claims, Boston, 1786. "The National Songster," Hagerstown, 1814, with Francis Scott Key's "The Star Spangled Banner," bearing the caption “Defense of Fort McHenry," went to Mr. Harper for $60. St. Louis University paid $50 for the rare homo- graphic chart of the settlements on the Mississippi, printed at Cincinnati in 1842. W. Hooks gave $52 for a broadside by the New Hampshire Committee of Safety, printed at Exeter in 1779. "The Mili- FOR HOLIDAY GIFTS "Books with Purpose". IN OUR NEW CATALOG you will find many suggestions for timely gifts of permanent value—such as the regular and pig- skin editions of The Meaning of Prayer By Harry Emerson Fosdick Leather Cloth, pocket size, 60 cents. Morocco, gilt edge, pocket size, $1.50. Pigskin, gilt edge, pocket size, $2.00. Art Full Moffatt's New Translation of the New Testament Art leather cloth, pocket size, $1.00. India paper, $1.50. Pigskin, India paper, pocket size, $3.00. New Testaments and Bibles In regular and pigskin editions from $1.25 to $5.50. AND MANY OTHER inspiring books that make enduring gifts BUY FROM YOUR BOOKSTORE OR FROM US ASSOCIATION PRESS 124 E. 28th St., New York, N. Y. 608 December 6 THE DIAL LISHINS (TEKNILLERS MOLURG IMET DOOKOELLERO TO TONERE tary Glory of Great Britain,” a rare Princeton College pamphlet, printed in Philadelphia in 1762, went to E. R. Scott for $80. Mr. Heartman gave $145 for "A Concise View of the Controversy be- tween the Proprietors of East and West Jersey," by Ebenezer Cowell, Philadelphia, 1785. Pierce & Scopes paid $70 for the rare first edition of Wil- liam Smith's "History of the Province of New York,” London, 1757. The original and only edition of the "History of Peru," by Diego Fer- nandez, Seville, 1571, went to Mr. Harper for $95. Mr. Smith obtained for $65 "The Constitu- tion of the United States of America and of the State of Tennessee,” Knoxville, 1799. Mr. Harper paid $95 for Thomas Thorowood's "Jews in “I visited with a natural rapture the America,". London, 1600, and $99 for the same author's "Jews in America,” London, 1660. largest bookstore in the world." The collection of Dr. John W. Francis, author of "Old New York," sold by Scott & O'Shaughnessy See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, “Your at 116 Nassau Street, New York, on November United States,” by Arnold Bennett 21, brought some good prices. A letter of John It is recognized throughout the country Constitution of the United States and other sub- Adams, dated London, February 21, 1787, on the that we earned this reputation because we jects, went to Mr. Wall for $56. The same bidder have on hand at all times a more complete obtained for $35 a letter by John Quincy Adams assortment of the books of all publishers than to his brother, dated London, January 25, 1796. can be found on the shelves of any other book. A letter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, dated December dealer in the entire United States. It is of Mather,"' and the very cold weather at Lenox, interest and importance to all bookbuyers to Massachusetts, went to Charles Scribner's Sons for know that the books reviewed and advertised $23. A letter of James Madison, Montpelier, No- in this magazine can be procured from us with vember 7, 1831, on the transfer of Louisiana from the least possible delay. We invite you to France to the United States, was bought by James F. Drake for $16. Mr. Drake also gave $25 for visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your- a letter by Franklin Pierce, Washington, February self of the opportunity of looking over the 9, 1842, on conditions in that city, and $26 for a books in which you are most interested, or to letter from Theodore Roosevelt to State Senator call upon us at any time to look after your Thomas F. Grady, July 1, 1911, highly eulogistic book wants. of former Governor David B. Hill. P. F. Madi. gan paid $78 for a war letter, signed but not writ- ten by General Washington, to Major General Special Library Service John Sullivan, dated March 12, 1778. The Walpole Galleries of New York held a sale We conduct a department devoted entirely W. Drake, art director of the Century Company, of rare books from the library of the late Alexander to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools, and other sources, on November 26 and 27. Wil- Colleges and Universities. Our Library De liam R. Hearst paid $55 for a Confederate flag, partment has made a careful study of library seized in Memphis by General S. A. Hurlbut in requirements, and is equipped to handle all 1863. At the time it was on its way to a Louisiana library orders with accuracy, efficiency and Regiment. The first editions of both series of despatch. This department's long experience Charles Dickens's “Sketches of Boz” were bought in this special branch of the book business, on order for $75. The first issue of the first edition combined with our unsurpassed book stock, of "The Posthumorous Papers of the Pickwick enable us to offer a library service not excelled Club” was also bought on order for $65. The elsewhere. "Memoirs of Joseph Gremaldi, Edited by Boz," We solicit correspondence from first issue of the first edition, went to Charles Scrib- Librarians unacquainted with our facilities. ner's Sons for $25. “Letters to Several Persons of Honor," London, 1651, the scarce first edition, was . " Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash venue Its History, Literature and Influence on Civiliza- tion,” edited by Alfred Bates. Library Department and Wholesale Offices: Stan. V. Henkels sold at 1304 Walnut Street, 330 to 352 East Obio Street Philadelphia, on November 28 the autograph col- Chicago lection of Frederick M. Steele of Chicago and owned by Mrs. Ella P. Steele of Los Angeles. A. C. McCLURG & CO. bought by R. C. Sands for $27.50. Ina Claire of 1917] 609 THE DIAL I Included in it were signers of the Declaration of Independence, members of the Constitutional Con- gress, generals and officers in the Revolution, presidents of the United States and their cabinets, and justices of the United States Supreme Court. Among the letters were fine examples of John Adams and Samuel Adams. Mr. Henkels sold on November 13, portraits from the library of Charles F. Gunther. Among them was one of_Abraham Lincoln, executed in 1865 by Thomas Buchanan Read. Five years ago Patrick F. Madigan noticed this portrait at Henkels's auction place. “You can have that for $30, Madigan," said Henkels. Mr. Madigan bought it, and hung it in his home, where it re- mained for several years. He then sold it to Mr. Gunther for $150. An interesting sale of autograph letters and his- torical documents, belonging to John R. Craigie and Charles F. Gunther of Chicago, took place recently under the auspices of Stan. V. Henkels at 1304 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. A humor- ous letter from John Adams to his nephew, Wil- liam S. Shaw, dated Monticello, June 16, 1821, brought $39. A war letter of U. S. Grant, Feb- ruary 26, 1863, went for $11.50. P. F. Madigan paid $19 for a letter by William Henry Harrison, Vincennes, January 15, 1808, to Albert Gallatin. F every booklover could see our sets of standard authors in limp leather bindings, we would sell very few of the cloth editions. A Alex- ible leather volume costs but a few cents more and makes a gift very choice and precious. One has to see these books to appreciate them—any bookseller will be glad to show them to you. Sold in sets, or singly, $1.75 a volume. JOSEPH CONRAD For the first time the complete works of Conrad in uniform binding is avail- able for Christmas giving. "The Deep Sea Edition" in blue limp leather. 20 volumes. Net, $35.00. RUDYARD KIPLING "The Pocket Kipling" in 28 volumes, bound in red limp leather Net, $40.25. 0. HENRY Complete works in 12 volumes, red leather. Net, $21.00. SELMA LAGERLÖF "The Northland Edition." Nine volumes in green limp leather. Net, $16.76. DAVID GRAYSON Green leather, five volumes, including the new Grayson book, "Great Possessions.' Net, $8.75. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N.Y. THE WORKS OF ANTHONY EUWER The Limeratomy THE ELLESMERE CHAUCER (To the Editor of The Dial.) As a subscriber to The DIAL, I write to ask you if you can tell me in whose possession the Ellesmere “Chaucer” now is, and the address of the owner. Perhaps you may also happen to know whether the illuminations of the pilgrims in that MS. have been recently reproduced in any sales catalogue or descriptive article. I should greatly appreciate the information. R. S. LOOMIS. Urbana, Illinois, November 18, 1917. The Ellesmere Chaucer was in the Bridgewater library owned by Lord Ellesmere, which was pur- chased in London by George D. Smith. This famous manuscript is now owned by Henry E. Huntington, whose residence is at Fifth Avenue and Fifty-Seventh Street, New York. In the Bridgewater Catalogue, we are informed, there was printed an illumination from this manuscript. The catalogue is now in Mr. Huntington's pos- session. The features of the_library are dealt with in John Payne Collier's "Early English Lit- erature in the Bridgewater Library.”—ED. (ZHOZY Jue A Dollghtfully Nonsensical Limerick Anatomy The Limeratomy is the joy book of the year. In limericks it not only tells you of the various parts of the anatomy, but it tells you of many of the human afflictions. There is everything from the cold in the head to pigeon toes; from the Adam's apple to the appendix. It is illustrated throughout by the author. Here is one of the limericks : When you've bats in your belfry that flut, When your comprenez- vous rope is cut, When there's nobody home In the top of your dome, Then your head's not a head; it's a nut! Unlform With Abovo Rhymes of Our Valley This is Mr. Euwer's most important work and tells of the joy and struggles of the fruit growers of the Northwest. It contains rhymes both serious and amusing. There is a frontispiece by the author. Price of either above: Limp Leather $2, Cloth $1. THE LETTERS OF JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) I am preparing for publication in the near future the letters of James Whitcomb Riley. I shall be grateful if anyone who has letters from Riley or knows of their existence will communicate with me or send the letters to me. All letters will be carefully returned as soon as they have been copied. EDMUND H. EITEL, Care Riley Estate, November 25, 1917. Indianapolis. Christopher Cricket on Cats Mr. Euwer's most whimsical work, containing rhymes, prose and the oddest pictures imaginable. You can read it in thirty minutes, but you won't forget it in thirty years. Price 75 cents. JAMES B. POND, Publisher, New York 610 [December 6 THE DIAL NOTES AND NEWS Scandinavian Classics: Volume IX Anthology of Swedish Lyrics FROM 1750 TO 1915 Collected and translated with an Introduction and Notes BY CHARLES WHARTON STORK This is a careful and representative selection from the great Swedish lyrists, Bellman, Wennerberg, Ryd- berg, Runeberg, Snoilsky, Karlfeldt, Heidenstam, Fröding, and many others. Dr. Stork, author of Sea and Bay, and other col- lections of original poems, appeared last year as translator with a volume of Fröding “like a fresh wind out of the Northland" (Pittsburgh Post), where "the thirsty may drink_liquid lines to his heart's content." (New York World.) xxxix + 281 pages. Price $1.50 Contributors to the present issue: William Kilborne Stewart has contributed fre- quently to THE DIAL. He is a member of the faculty of Dartmouth College. Wilson Follett, in collaboration with Mrs. Fol- lett, has published numerous studies of con- temporary writers. A book of these studies, “Some Modern Novelists,” is announced for early pub- lication. Williams Haynes was until recently associated with one of the most vigorous of the Little Theatres. He sends on the present article from New York. Edith Franklin Wyatt is well known as novelist, poet, and critic. Her latest book of verse, “The Wind in the Corn,” has just been issued by the Appletons. a THE MOSHER BOOKS 1 "At the outset (1891) I wanted to make only a few beautiful books." 1 I am still making beautiful books, as my 1917 List will show. Eyery one of these books exquisitely printed from hand-set type on genuine hand-made papers, in distinctively old style bindings. This new revised catalogue free on request. THOMAS BIRD MOSHER PORTLAND, MAINE. T: Holiday HE vast scope of our business enables us to buy certain Bargains highly favorable discounts- books in large quantities at in So that we can sell them to our customers at 70 to 85 per cent re- Holiday ductions from publishers' prices. There are 250 of them. Books And they are all described in our Bargain Catalogue, which we will send you free. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. Wholesale Dealers in the Books of all publishers 354 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK, At 26th Street Kipling adherents, and especially Kipling col- lectors, will be interested in a little book from the press of E. P. Dutton & Co., entitled “The Less Familiar Kipling, and Kiplingana," by G. F. Monkshood. Remember "The Sky Pilot"-Ralph Connor's? He as written a war story, “The Major," about soldiers of the Canadian Northwest. Mr. Connor is himself a major in the 43rd Cameron High- landers. Miss Phyllis Bottome, author of a recently pub- lished novel, “The Second Fiddle,” has ordered, among other books, the “Century Cook Book,” she being about to marry a soldier “fighting in the British Army." "Violent tragedy," "startling disclosures" are promised in a book about “Francis Joseph and His Court,” compiled by Herbert Vivian from the memoirs of Count Roger de Resseguier, a son of Francis Joseph's court chamberlain. The John Lane Co. announce it. A book on immortality is announced by the Mac- millan Co. The authors of “Immortality: An Es- say on Discovery, Coördinating Scientific, Psychical, and Biblical Research,” are B. H. Streeter, Arthur Clutton-Brock, C. W. Emmet, J. A. Hadfield, and the author of "Pro Christo et Ecclesia.” An Englishman's American mother-in-law is the source of trouble and comedy in Mr. William Caine's “Three's a Crowd” (Houghton Mifflin). Mr. Caine is himself an Englishman and he has an American mother-in-law, but the book is dedi- cated to the “Dearest and Wisest of Little Moth- ers-in-law, gratefully." For your friend whose only recreation is reading, it will be worth while to look over the well-se- lected, attractively bound, and inexpensive "Mod- ern Library” which Messrs. Boni and Liveright are steadily enlarging with the best works of the writers of whom we all have heard but not had the opportunity in every case to read. The Mosher Press has issued some beautifully bound gift books: Olive Schreiner's “Dreams"; “By Bendemeer's Stream," thirty-two lyrics se- lected from the work of Thomas Moore; William Aspenwall Bradley's "Garlands and Wayfarings"; Columbia University Press (LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents) New Catalogue of Meritorious Books Now Ready AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to any address, here or abroad DIRECT IMPORTATION FROM ALL ALLIED AND NEUTRAL COUNTRIES LEMCKE & BUECHNER (Established 1848) 30-32 W. 27th Street, New York 1917] 611 THE DIAL GREAT WAR, BALLADS By Brookes More Readers of the future (as well as today) will understand the Great War not only from pe- rusal ofhistories, but also from Ballads-having a historical basis-and inspired by the war. A collection of the most interesting, beauti- ful and pathetic ballads.- True to life and full of action. $1.50 Net For Sale by Brentano's; The Baker & Taylor Co., New York; A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago; St. Louis News Co., and All Book Stores THRASH-LICK PUBLISHING CO. Fort Smith, Arkansas, U. S. A. Francis Thompson Essays by BENJAMIN FISHER "A work of real art and merit.” With portraits and biographical sketches of Francis Thompson and the Author. 12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net. Life Harmonies Selected poems by BENJAMIN FISHER Author of Francis Thompson Essays. "Lyrics and nature poems of purity and power." 12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net. FRANKLIN PUBLISHING COMPANY CANTON, OHIO Clinton Scollard's "Lyrics from a Library"; and Thomas S. Jones, Jr.'s “The Voice in the Silence.” From the George H. Doran Co. comes “The Green Mirror,” by Hugh Walpole. It is a story of the revolt of young lives against the social tyranny imposed by an older order. Mr. Walpole is thirty-four years of age, a son of the present Bishop of Edinburgh. He has taught school, served the newspapers, and now is engaged in war work in Russia. Messrs. Harper & Brothers are bringing out "Grimm's Fairy Tales" in a new edition illus- trated by Louis Rhead. These old favorites were first collected from many sources and published by the two Grimm brothers in 1812 under the title “Children's and Household Tales.” George Cruikshank illustrated the first English edition, published in 1823. According to a little French paper, published in a cellar in Montmartre, Samuel Hopkins Adams, author of "Our Square and the People in It," has become a firm. The French paper speaks of a series of articles "publies dans la Tribune par MM. Samuel, Hopkins et Adams,” and an Ameri- can friend recently asked Mr. Adams how the three gentlemen therein contained were. “The Road of Ambition” (Britton) is the latest achievement of a girl whose own road of ambition has been exceptionally straight. Miss Elaine Sterne had her first story published when she was fifteen- in “St. Nicholas.” Before she was twenty, she had won a number of prizes for short stories, one of a thousand dollars from "Collier's Weekly." She has written thirty or more plays for the moving- picture world, and now a novel, which is soon to be dramatized. Have you a friend who is proud of his ancestral home in Philadelphia, or Charleston, or some old town of Virginia? He will be pleased with one of those books on the social history of colonial America, an attractive series, which Lippincotts are putting out: "Early Philadelphia: Its People and Customs," by Horace Mather Lippincott; “The Dwelling Houses of Charleston, South Caro- lina," by Alice R. and D. E. Huger Smith; and Mary Newton Stanard's "Colonial Virginia.” A few sentences from William Maxwell's “If I Were Twenty-One” (Lippincott) are an earnest of the value of the whole for a boy who is say half way through high school, before it is too late to plan a career: “The biggest truth I have ever discovered in connection with job-hunting and job-finding is that the possession of more than average knowledge or more than average skill con- stitutes the only force, outside the degrading thing called 'influence that will lift one above the sordid and commonplace struggle for jobs by the 'help wanted' route." “I have observed that the man with ten per cent 'right' and one hundred per cent 'go ahead' usually gets farther along than the man with one hundred percent 'right' and ten per cent 'go ahead.'” This last was the principle, we are told, that made William Maxwell the vice- president of one of the largest corporations in the world. Sonnets: A First Series By Mahlon Leonard Fisher EDWIN MARKHAM: I find in some of these pages the large dignity and majestic march of some of the nobler sonnets of the past. DR. RICHARD BURTON (in The Bellman): ... A poet of distinction and quality. He has great pictorial power, and at times a sweep and spaciousness that remind one of an elder and larger day. He is a poets' poet, : . : a true aristocrat of verse. If he were French, he might go into the Academy, as did Heredia with his sonnets. LITERARY DIGEST: A distinguished poet. Holland hand-made paper; Japan vellum binding; each copy enclosed in a vellum-covered slide case. $1.75 net; by Insured mall, $1.80. Sold at the office of The Sonnet (the bi-monthly brochure), Williamsport in Pennsylvania, First National Bank Bldg. PUTNAMSOS ThePutnam Bookstore "Books" 2west 45 stopine. N.Y. Book Buyers 95 who cannot get satisfactory local service, are urged to establish relations with our bookstore. We handle every kind of book, wherever published. Questions about literary matters answered promptly. We have customers in nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling experience extends over 80 years. 612 [December 6 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 129 titles, includes books received by The DiAL since its last issue.] AMERICANA New Catalogue of 1000 titles, covering a large variety of subjects-mostly of rare books-in- cluding THE WEST, INDIANS, REVOLU- TION, COLONIAL HOUSES and many other interesting topics. Sent free. GOODSPEED'S BOOKSHOP BOSTON, MASS. Autograph Letters of Famous People Bought and Sold. -Send lists of what you have. Walter R. Benjamin, 225 Fifth Ave., New York City Publisher of THE COLLECTOR: A Magazine for Autograph Collectors. $1.00. Sample free. If you want first editions, limited edi. tions, association books-books of any kind, in fact, address : DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass. A (ATURAL HISTORY, AMERICANA, OLD MEDICAL, QUAKERIANA. BOOKS, PAM- PHLETS, PRINTS, AUTOGRAPHS. Send 4c. stamps for big Catalogo-naming specialty. FRANKLIN BOOKSHOP (S. N. Rhoads) 920 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. Rare For the Book Lover Hons. Books now out C. Gerhardt, 25 W. 420 St., New York logue sent on request. of print. Latest Cata- AUTOGRAPH LETTERS FIRST EDITIONS; OUT OF PRINT BOOKS BOUGHT AND SOLD CORRESPONDENCE INVITED CATALOGUBS ISSUED ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH 4 East Thirty-Ninth Stroot, New York City OUR FALL and HOLIDAY CATALOGUE OF BOOK BARGAINS And books suitable as gifts is now ready and you cannot afford to miss it-send your address and a copy will be mailed to you free. LAURIAT CO. BOSTON, MASS. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Recollections. By John, Viscount Morley. Two volumes. 8vo, 388-382 pages. The Macmillan Co. Per set $7.50. Life and Letters of Robert Collyer. By John Haynes Holmes. Two volumes. Illustrated, 12mo, 312-401 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. Boxed. $5. The Life and Art of William Merritt Chane. By Katharine Metcall Roof. Illustrated, 8vo, 352 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4. Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis. Edited by Charles Belmont Davis. Illustrated, 8vo, 417 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50. John Keats. By Sidney Colvin, Illustrated, 8vo, 598 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4.50. The Middle Year.. By Henry James. 12mo, 119 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. The Life and Work of John Richardson Hling- worth. Edited by his wife. Illustrated, 8vo, 346 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4, Madame Adam. By Winifred Stephens. Illustrated, 8vo, 255 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4, POETRY. Lastra. By Ezra Pound. 12mo, 202 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50. Others. Edited by Alfred Kreymborg. 12mo, 120 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.25. Anthology of Swedish Lyrics, 1750-1915. Trans- lated by Charles Wharton Stork, 12mo, 281 pages. The American-Scandinavian Foundation. $1.50. Pan Tadeurs. By Adam Mickiewicz. Translated by Prof. G. Ř. Noyes. 8vo, 354 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.25 The Standard Book of Jewish Verne. Compiled and edited by Joseph Friedlander. 12mo, 820 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3. The Red Flower. By Henry van Dyke, 12mo, 52 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. A Lap Full of Seed. By Max Plowman. 12mo, 78 pages. B. H. Blackwell, London, 38. 6d. Black and White Magic. By E. H. W. M. and wil- frid Blair. 12mo, 88 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25. The Glory of Toil. By Edna Dean Proctor. 12mo, 68 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. Terne Verne, By Walt Mason. 12mo, 176 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.30. Poems and Translations. By J. M. Synge. 12mo, 50 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1. Nort' Shor' Verses. By Richard D. Ware. 12mo, 64 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1, Verses of Idle Hours. By O. Chester Brodhay. 12mo, 141 pages. Frederick C. Browne. Chicago. $1. With the Colors. By Everard Jack Appleton. 12mo, 104 pages. Stewart & Kidd Co. $1. DRAMA AND THE STAGE. The Art Theatre. By Sheldon Cheney. Illustrated, 12mo, 249 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50. Hadda Padda. By Godmundur Kamban. 12mo, 80 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1. Three Short Plays. By Granville Barker. 12mo, 86 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1. ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE. Twentieth Century France. By M. Betham Ed- wards. Illustrated, 8vo, 221 pages. E. P. Dut- ton & Co. $4. The Less Familiar Kipling and Kiplingana. By G. F. Monkshood. 12mo, 168 pages. E. P. Dut- ton & Co. $2. Days Oat and Other Papers. By Elizabeth Wood- bridge. 12mo, 212 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25. George Eliot and Thomas Hardy. By Lina Wright Berle. 12mo, 174 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50. A Modern Purgatory. By Carlo de Fornaro, 12mo, 178 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25. 385 Street 1917] 613 THE DIAL F. M. HOLLY Aathors' and Publishers' Reprosontado 156 Fifth Avenue, New York (Inablished 1905) Ung AND YOLL APORLATION VILL BJ SET ON LEQUEST THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF M88. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., Now York City BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, PRINTS. Catalogues Free. R. ATKINSON, 07 Sunderland Road, Forest Hill, LONDON, ENG. ANNA PARMLY PARET 191 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Alter many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers, Min Paret offers to criticise and reviae manuscripto for writen. Feco reasonable. Termas sent on application. "From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View" Luther W. Hopkins, Author and Publisher, Baltimore, Md. Third Edition. $1.35, incl. postage. Special Rates to Schools and Libraries. A Soldier's reminiscence of his experience in the Confederate Cavalry under Gen'i J. E. B. Stuart. Endorsed by the American Library Association. “It is vivid and interesting. Its value is indisputable." The late Chas. Francis Adams, of Boston. "I wish every boy of the South could read it. Chas. W. Hubner, of Carnegie Library Staff, Atlanta, Ga. FICTION The Gambler, and Other Stories. By Fyodor Dos- toevsky. Translated by Constance Garnett. 12mo, 312 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. Michael Brother of Jerry. By Jack London. With frontispiece, 12mo, 344 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. Gulliver's Travels. By Jonathan Swift. Edited by Padraic Colum. Illustrated, 12mo, 296 pages. The Macmillan Co. $2. Mottke the Vagabond. By Sholom Ash. Trans- lated by Isaac Goldberg. 12mo, 349 pages. John W. Luce & Co. $1.50. Seth Way. By Caroline Dale Owen. Illustrated, 12mo, 413 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50. The Major. By Ralph Connor. Illustrated, 12mo, 383 pages. George H. Doran Co, $1.40. The Mystery of the Hasty Arrow. By Anna Kath- arine Green. Illustrated, 12mo, 432 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. At the sign of the oldest House. By Juliet Wilbor Tompkins. Illustrated, 12mo, 218 pages. Bobbs- Merrill Co. $1.50. The Next of Kin. By Nellie L. McClung. 12mo, 257 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25. Beating 'Em to It. By Chester Cornish. Illustrated, 12mo, 120 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1. The Unpublishable Memoirs. By A. S. W. Rosen- bach. With frontispiece, 12mo, 160 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50. WAR. Fighting for Peace. By Henry van Dyke. 12mo, 247 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. The soul of the Russian Revolution, By Moissaye J. Olgin. Illustrated, 8vo, 423 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2.50. Les Douleurs Qui Esperent. By Abbe Felix Klein. 12mo, 236 pages. Perrin & Co. Paris. 3 fr. 50. Germany's Annexation Aims. By S. Grumbach. Translated by J. Ellis Barker. 12mo, 149 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. On Two Fronts. By Major H. M. Alexander. With frontispiece, 12mo, 248 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. The Wonder of War in the Air. By Francis Rolt- Wheeler. Illustrated. 12mo, 347 pages. Loth- rop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1,35. More Letters from Billy. 12mo, 121 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. Patriotism. By Sir Charles Waldstein. 12mo, 135 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1, The Book of the Machine Gun. By Major F. V. 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Second Lieut., Royal Field Asia Minor and their relation to the Artillery, 12 illustrations. $1.25 net. present conflict. Every student of the “A masterpiece."-New York Sun. problems of the war should read it. "Second Lieutenant MacQuarrie tells you all about it with open With map and 14 illustrations. $1.50 net. mind and open heart and an honesty and fervor that represents the finest kind of message that anyone from over there who has been in it, can RELIGIONS OF THE bring. And the young soldier will like the information, the manli. ness, and the brotherliness that inspire these pages and make the volume PAST AND PRESENT a true vade mecum in these days of trial and tribulation."- Philadelphia Public Ledger. Edited by Dr. J. A. MONTGOMERY. Univ. of Pennsylvania IF I WERE TWENTY-ONE The authors are members of the Depart. By WILLIAM MAXWELL. 8 illustrations in black and white. ment of Religious History at the Univ. This splendid book will repeat the success of "THE LETTERS OF A of Penna., a department unexcelled in SELF-MADE MERCHANT TO HIS SON." It is a snappy book with any university in the United States if a punch by a man with wit, experience, and enthusiasm. With a wealth not in the world. For a true under- of pointed anecdote and clever allusion the author maps out the campaign standing of the spirit and history of before the young man and the equipment he needs to win success. The the great religions it would be difficult humor is delightful, the stimulus powerful, and the wisdom of that practi. to find a better book than this. The cal kind that forms a tool ready to the hands of the ambitious man. ideals and the significance in modern It will bring efficiency and make men. life of certain great religions are pre- sented with directness and accuracy. COLONIAL VIRGINIA: ITS PEOPLE AND CUSTOMS Write for descriptive circular. $2.50 net. By MARY NEWTON STANARD. A Limited Edition. TRAINING AND REWARDS A Virginia book presenting the very life and spirit of the Old Dominion in text and illustrations in a manner that makes the book unique among OF THE PHYSICIAN Virginia volumes. 98 illustrations, Handsome binding. Boxed. $6 net. By RICHARD C. CABOT, M.D., author EARLY PHILADELPHIA: ITS PEOPLE, LIFE AND PROGRESS of "WHAT MEN LIVE BY." A book for the young man or woman By HORACE MATHER LIPPINCOTT. A Limited Edition. who is considering medicine as a pro- The city of many institutions and unimpeached traditions is presented fession. Dr. Cabot treats the subject in in its varying aspects by one who knows the people of to-day and yester. a fresh, vigorous fashion that will ap- day. 120 illustrations. Handsome binding. Boxed. $6.00 net. peal not only to students and doctors, but also to the public in general. I- OLD ROADS OUT OF PHILADELPHIA lustrated. $1.25 net. By JOHN T. FARIS. RINGS The old roads out of Philadelphia are the most historic in America Profuse illustrations and suggestive text mark the book as a prize for By Dr. GEORGE FREDERICK KUNZ. the automobilist, walker, and historian. 117 illustrations and a map. This magnificently illustrated volume Handsome binding. $4.00 net. might have been called The Romance of the Ring, as all of importance in regard to the sentimental, religious and mystic significance of finger rings from the early mythological rings to THE GREYFURS' NEIGHBORS OPENING THE WEST WITH the little circlet of to-day is treated by and THE ADVENTURES OF LEWIS AND CLARK Dr. Kunz in a romantic and fascinat- THE GREYFUR FAMILY By EDWIN L. SABIN. ing manner. As a gift book, the beauty This new Trail Blazer contains ad- are two delightful books that will of this volume makes it unexcelled; as appeal to every child. 24 colored venture and plenty of it, true his- & reference book it is of inestimable It pictures in each book, showing the tory and fascinating romance. value. 290 remarkable illustrations. adventures of wood mice, squirrels tells of a boy's journey upon the Handsome cloth. Boxed. $6.50 net. and other creatures of field and Oregon Trail with Lewis and Clark. forest. Told by Vera Nyce. Pic- Illustrated. $1.25 net THE TWICE tured by Helene Nyce. 50c net. THE BLUE HERON'S FEATHER By AMERICAN TALES OF IRVING'S RUPERT SARGENT HOLLAND. By ELEANOR M. INGRAM. ALHAMBRA A fascinating story of the adven- A cracking novel for these days in tures of a young Dutch boy who in which the United States is taking a Illustrated in color, is the new vol- the days of Peter Stuyvesant, comes part in the world's politics. The au- ume in the Children's Classics, & to New Amsterdam to win his for thor of “FROM THE CAR BEHIND,” deservedly popular series for the tune. Illustrated. $1.25 net. has written a delightful story of the little folks. 500 net. hero who wins fame and fortune in WINONA OF CAMP KARONYA South America and wood the girl in TELL ME A STORY PICTURE By MARGARET WIDDEMER. New York. Illustrated in color. $1.35 net. BOOK A charming account of the work and play of a group of Camp Fire THE RACCOON LAKE FAIRIES AND GOBLINS FROM Girls during the autumn and win- STORYLAND ter months. By the author of MYSTERY "WINONA OF THE CAMP FIRE." BOYS AND GIRLS FROM Nlustrated. $1.25 net. By NEVIL MONROE HOPKINS, Ph.D. STORYLAND WATER BABIES A MASON BRANT detective story, thrilling to the nth degree, with an Simplified by Leila H. Cheney, are By CHARLES KINGSLEY. undercurrent of delightful humor and three unexcelled story and picture Every nursery library should con- a background of nature in the raw books for the children, with which tain a copy of this classic story. It at a wilderness camp. There is also a father, mother and the little ones would be difficult to find a more double love affair which alone would may journey into the bright world beautifully illustrated edition than make the success of any novel. This is of adventure. Each book has 24 this new one in the Stories All a book with real character. Illustrated pictures in color by Maria L. Kirk. Children Love Series. The colored in color. $1.35 net. Each 50c net. pictures are bewitching. $1.35 net. THESE BOOKS CAN BE PURCHASED THROUGH ALL BOOK DEALERS Illustrated Holiday Catalog and Descriptive Circulars on Request Christmas Books for Boys and Girls PUBLISHERS J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-08WALD PRINTINO 00., CHICAGO. Notice to Reader. When you finish reading this magazine place a one-cent stamp on this notice, hand same to any postal employee and it will be placed in the hands of our soldiers at the front. No Wrapping-No Address. A. S. BURLESON, Postmaster General. THE DIAL A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information Founded by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume LXIII. No. 756. CHICAGO, DECEMBER 20, 1917 15 cts. copy. $3. a year. SOME IMPORTANT JANUARY ANNOUNCEMENTS From Page's List TO ARMS! SONGS OF THE GREAT WAR By LAURA E. RICHARDS Author of "Capt. January,” “Hildegarde- Margaret Series,” etc. Net 75c The daughter of Julia Ward Howe, author of “The Battle Hymn of the Republic,” has dedicated this book to her famous mother. A splendid volume for the boys who are going "over there"- one to cheer them and help them “over the top." FLORIDA THE LAND OF ENCHANTMENT By NEVIN O. 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THE MYSTERY OF THE RED FLAME By GEORGE BARTON Author of “The World's Greatest Mili- tary Spies and Secret Service Agents.” Illustrated, Net $1.35 A real detective thriller from the pen of the man whose hobby is the detection and exposure of crime. The book lovers of mystery tales have been waiting for. And the soldiers will like it. THE PAGE COMPANY 33 BEACON STREET BOSTON 618 [December 20 THE DIAL What the recent United States Ambassador to Austria says: "The Yale Review seems such a perfect publication that I wish you to enter my subscription." Frederic C. Penfield. The Great War Number of THE YALE REVIEW Edited by WILBUR CROSS Lvxl BT veRITAS THERE IS NO BETTER EXPRESSION OF CHRISTMAS SENTIMENT THAN A GOOD BOOK Japan the New World Power Being a detailed_account of the progress and rise of the Japanese Empire. By ROBERT PORTER, with a new introductory survey of Japan's share in the present war and questions arising therefrom. 8vo (94x644), pp. 814, with extensive colored maps Net, $2.50 "To those interested in things industrial, commer- cial and financial this portly book, with its elaborate tables and maps furnishes an excellent compendium of modern Japan."-The Nation. The Provocation of France Fifty years of German aggression, by JEAN CHARLE- MAGNE BRACQ. 8vo (794x5), cloth, pp. vii + 202........Net, $1.25 A vivid narrative of France's political martyrdom from the Franco-Prussian War to the present Euro- pean struggle. “This compact little volume is a veritable treasury of information, concerning Franco-German history for the last two generations."-N. Y. Tribune. The Mechanism of Exchange A handbook of currency, banking and trade in peace and war, for the layman. By J. A. TODD. Svo (9x64), pp. xiv + 256, with three diagrams . .Net, $2.25 The war has struck at the roots of our whole busi- ness and financial systems. Relations of all kinds are affected. Banker and customer, master and servant, principal and agent, vender and purchaser, immense interests have been touched, extensive centers of trade disturbed, the insurance world, the shipping com- munity and the common markets of sale shaken. To meet these changes intelligently, knowledge of their laws and causes is necessary. A successful man of business must have it. This book explains every phase of finance and modern business and economic problem. Credit, inter- national trade markets, banking systems with ex- change rate tables, exports and imports hitherto unavailable for publication, are practicably discussed. The Idea of God In the light of Recent Philosophy. By A. SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON. The Gifford Lectures, 1912-1913. 8vo (9x6), pp. xvi-421.. ...........Net, $3.50 “This work affords & perfect cyclorama of con- temporary thought. It covers the various modern views of religion from David Hume to William James.”—Chronicle. Oxford Book of English Mystical Verse Chosen by D. S. NICHOLSON and A. H. LEE. F cap 8vo, cloth, gilt top... ...Net, $2.50 Oxford India Paper edition. Cloth, extra gilt edges Net, $3.50 Persian Morocco, round corners, red under gold edges .Net, $5.50 Full Morocco boards, gilt edges......... .Net, $10.00 An anthology of many of the most hauntingly beau- tiful poems done into a handsome volume. "The most perfect religious poems in the whole range of our literature."- Dial. The Oxford Stamp By FRANK AYDELOTTE. 8vo (5x742), pp. 219.. ....Net, $1.20 An interesting comparison of English and American methods of education, bearing for the greater part on the subject of literature. Replete with excellent sug- gestions and ideas for the teacher of English. At All Booksollors or from tho Publishers (Published January, April, July and October. $2.50 a year.) CHRISTMAS, 1917 To the Russian Soldier Leonid Andrées America's Place in the World George Louis Beer The American Essay in Agnes Repplier War Time A Plea for Honesty Moorfield Storey The Expansion of Our Army William A. Ganoe Christ and the Pacifist Benjamin W. Bacon Died of his Wounds. A Poem Henry Head Should Austria-Hungary Exist? Charles Pergler Cossack or Republican? Wilbur C. Abbott The Science of Ellsworth Huntington Citizenship The Romantic lago Tucker Brooke A Group of Poems Karle Wilson Baker The Railways in Poace and War Samuel 0. Dunn Black-Earth Russia Olive Gilbreath The Red Cross Dollar in France Howard Copland Book Reviews With a new subscription to begin with this number, we shall be glad to include, as example of what THE YALE Review is con- tributing to current literature, a free copy of “A Book of Yale Review Verse" (62 pages, 75c a copy) a tastefully printed and bound collection of the most interesting poems from the last six years of this leading American quarterly, by such typical poets as Masefield, Noyes, Mc- Leod, de la Mare, Frost, Beers, Lowell, and Untermeyer. an Cut off and send today your acceptance of this SPECIAL NEW YEAR'S OFFER OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMERICAN BRANCH 35 West 32nd St., N. Y. City Islam To THE YALE REVIEW, New Haven, Conn. Sirs: For the enclosed remittance of $2.50, you may send me THE YALE Review for the year, beginning January, 1918, and a copy of "A Book of Yale Review Verse." Name.... DIAL Address. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 619 THE DIAL LITTLE SCHOOLMATE SERIES Edited by Florence Converse A charming series of books, which aims to bring about a better under- standing of the life and character of the people of other nations. But, al- though intended primarily for children, their elders usually find the books quite as interesting as do the young people, because of the interesting and accurate pictures they present of life in other lands and because of the skill with which the stories are told. THE LATEST ISSUE IN THE "LITTLE SCHOOLMATE SERIES" THE VILLAGE SHIELD. A Story of Mexico. By Ruth Gaines and Georgia Willis Read. With an latroduction by Florence Converse Net, $1.50 Real adventures of two young people, a boy and a girl, pure blooded Indians, descendants of the Aztecs. From their beautiful little village, serene and peaceful, it is their fate to witness and partake of poverty, oppression and civil war, but through it all their devotion to each other and the friendship bestowed upon them by a great and rich man and his wife and by a big-hearted padre, are things which make for happiness and remembrance. The illustrations are of especial value and interest, both historical and artistic, as the full page pictures are taken from several famous books of travel in Mexico while the tail pieces and line drawings have been re-drawn from the beau- tiful picture-writings of the Indians. VOLUMES PREVIOUSLY ISSUED. Each, Net, $1.25 TREASURE FLOWER-Ruth Gaines (Japan) IN SUNNY SPAIN-Katharine Lee Bates (Spain) UNDER GREEK SKIES—Julia D. Dragoumis (Greece) A BOY IN EIRINN-Padraic Colum (Ireland) THE LAIRD OF GLENTYRE-E. M. Green (Scotland) ELSBETH-Margarethe Muller (Germany) GENEVIEVE-Laura Spencer Portor (France) KATRINKA-Helen Eggleston Haskell (Russia) TO BE ISSUED SHORTLY Emile Cammaerts, the famous Belgian poet and man of letters, has written a story of child- hood in Belgium as it was before the war. The story, in harmony with the plan and purpose of the series, deals with child life in Belgium in such a way as to make the book a graphic epitome of Belgian life, history and achievement. Postage Extra. E. P. DUTTON & CO. At All Bookstores 681 Fifth Avenue New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 620 [December 20 THE DIAL - Still the least expensive and most welcome gifts-Books Diplomatic Days Mark Twain's The By Edith O'Shaughnessy Letters High Heart By Basil King SO You cannot have failed to hear of "A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico," even if you are unfortunate as to have missed reading it. Now comes this new book just as delightful. Again in these pages the author takes the reader into her intimate confidence as she tells of men and women who have played their parts in changing the course of the world history. Illustrated, $2.00 "America's Mt. Britling has come at last." The soul of patient America now aroused to her high duty to the world and herself finds here an inspir- ing voice. This brilliant new novel by the author of "The Inner Shrine" is a story of social life in New York and Newport against the background of the Great War. Illustrated, $1.50 Years of My Youth By William Dean Howells Vanguards of the Plains Now Illustrated Edition "While nothing can add to the charm of these recollections of Mr. Howells's youth, Mr. Johnson's pictures give a visual touch to its scenes that enable us to read them with an even livelier interest."-Boston Eve. Transcript. “A genial, faithful, gently humorous book one could not desire to own-for own it one must."-Chi- cago Tribune. Illustrated, $2.50 more A Romance of the Santa Fe Trail By Margaret Hill McCarter The true romance of empire building, the splendor of the faith and patriotism which carried the Aag westward-these are among the instant appeals which come straight to every American reader from the pages of this epic of the Great Trail. Mrs. McCarter has drama- tized for the first time the strange his- tory of the great highway which led from the New World to the Old. Frontispiece, $1.40 1 The Victorious Faith Moral Ideals in War-Time By Horatio W. Dresser, Ph.D. Arranged With Comment By Albert Bigelow Paine For more than ten years Albert Bigelow Paine, the biographer of Mark Twain, has been at work gather- ing these wonderful letters which the great humorist wrote to his friends in every part of the world. The result is probably the most important, cer- tainly the most fas- cinating, book of the year. “They abound in whim, in humorous exaggeration, in imagination, and in energy. They are de- lightful reading in themselves in the first place, and in the sec- ond as revelations of the character and the characteristics of Mr. Samuel L. Clemens, who was in some ways a different per- son from Mr. Mark Twain, known to all the world.” – Brander Matthews in The N. Y. Times. “They are full of humor and wit, and the kindly affectionate spirit of the man shines on every page. Their publica- tion is really the most important literary event of the autumn." -Philadelphia Ledger Two Volumes, Illus- trated. Uniform with Trade Edition of Mark Twain''s Works. $4.00 Uniform with Library Edition of “Mark Twain: A Bio- graphy." $5.00 Limited Edition, with paper labels and uncut edges, photo- gravure portrait. $10.00 The Innocents By Sinclair Lewis "Timely optimistic. Strength-giving to those whose faith in Christianity needs strengthening. Splendidly vivi- fying to those Americans who credit- ably or discreditably' felt they had no share in the world war before April, 1917."-Boston Transcript. "A fresh war book of peculiar value from an unexpected source.”—The Out- look. Post 8vo, $1.00 "The choicest piece of literary art that he has yet produced, and one of the choicest of its kind that any writer has produced for a long time. The per- fect fidelity to life in the portraiture of 'Darby and Joan'; the April blend- ing of humor and pathos, and the ingenuity and consistency of the narra- tive, all mark it as a bit of genuine inspiration."--N. Y. Tribune. Frontispiece, $1.26 Observation: Every Man His Own University The Prince and the Pauper Holiday Edition By Mark Twain By Russell H. Conwell How to achieve these words might be the sub-title of this new book by the author of "Acres of Diamonds. How to achieve an education, a place in the world, happiness Dr. Conwell takes up one after another the things we must possess in order to be success- ful and happy men and women, and shows how these things can be &C- quired, how the right kind of learning is at the very door of every one. Portrait, $1.00 This fascinating historical romance finds at last a worthy form. The pub- lishers have chosen to mark their Cen- tennial year by bringing out “The Prince and the Pauper" in this hand- some edition-one with which they believe its author would have been delighted. Illustrations in Full Color. Crown 8vo. $2.50 HARPER & BROTHERS—New York and London—[Established 1817] - When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL VOLUME LXIII No. 756 DecemBER 20, 1917 CONTENTS . . . . . . RODIN Richard Offner 623 IDEALISM IN THE New French THE- ATRE. Amy Wellington .625 The STRUCTURE OF LASTING PEACE H. M. Kallen. . 627 To ONE IN THE TRENCHES Verse. Rose Henderson . 630 LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON Edward Shanks 631 CHINA, PROVENCE, AND POINTS ADJA- CENT. Louis Untermeyer . 633 A FREUDIAN HALF-HOLIDAY Edward Sapir . · 635 The POLYGLOT EMPIRE Frederic Austin Ogg. 637 GREEK VASES Helen Gardner . 639 ANOTHER "APOLOGIA" Vida D. Scudder . 640 THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Randolph Bourne 642 PSYCHOLOGY IN A VACUUM B. I. Kinne. . 643 BRIEFS OF New BOOKS 644 Arizona the Wonderland.-Politics and Personalities.—Days of Destiny.--Letters About Shelley.—The Pacific Ocean in History.—The Cambridge History of Amer- ican Literature. NOTES ON NEW FICTION 647 Story of a Country Town.—The Broken Gate.—The Youth Plupy.—The Love Letters of St. John.—The Inner Door. CASUAL COMMENT 648 Notes FOR BIBLIOPHILES John E. Robinson 649 NOTES AND News 652 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 654 LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE .655 . . . GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN VAN WYCK BROOKS H. M. KALLEN RANDOLPH BOURNE PADRAIC COLUM ЈонN MACY WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY HENRY B. FULLER JOHN E. ROBINSON THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1917, by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Inc. Published by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 622 [December 20, 1917 THE DIAL “The Harvest of a Quiet Eye” S By John Viscount Morley, O. M. "Intimate, suggestive, significant important beyond words.”—N. Y. Times. John Morley has looked back over the England of the last half century and has given in his "Recollections” a rare picture of a great period-a period of statesmen, scientists and men of letters. His intimate knowledge of men and events and the classic beauty of his literary style, make this easily the most important book of the year. "The most significant and most substantial con- “A great biography—the most important book of tribution yet made to the history of the intellectual the year. Here all the giants of the Victorian liberation and liberalizing of English thought. age pass in intimate review. There have been John Stuart Mill, Carlyle, George Meredith, Swin. few such ages as could produce a biography like burne, Matthew Arnold, Leslie Stephen, Mazzini, this.”—Chicago Post. Ruskin, George Eliot, Herbert Spencer, Henry “No one can lay down these 'Recollections' with- Sedgwick-and all these live again before our out feeling that he has been in contact with eyes as we read."-N. Y. Sun. something large and fine."--N. Y. E. Post. Third large edition now ready In two Volumes, $7.50 The Dwelling Place of Light TWO IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS The Foreign Policy A Theology for the of Woodrow Wilson Social Gospel By Edgar E. Robinson and Victor J. West By Walter Rauschenbusch A narrative of the policy followed by President Takes up the old doctrines of the Christian faith Wilson in dealing with international problems and shows how they can be reinterpreted from since 1913. $1.75 the modern social viewpoint. $1.50 RECENT SUCCESSFUL FICTION A Son of the Middle Border By Winston Churchill By Hamlin Garland "One of the most absorbing and fascinating ro- "An admirable book, told with more genius than mances, and one of the most finished master- America has yet been able to muster."-Nero Re pieces of serious literary art which have appeared in this year or in this century."—N, Y. Tribune. public. I., $1.60 $1.60 Christine By H. G. Wells By Alice Cholmondeley By the author of "Mr. Britling." “As brilliant a piece of writing as Mr. Wells has ever offered "No novelist has ever created a more delight- the public."-N. Y. Sun. $1.50 ful character than this girl.” Tenth Edition. $1.25 NEW ILLUSTRATED BOOKS The Arthur Rackham Gulliver's Travels Illustrated in colors by Arthur Rackham. Arthur The beautiful color illustrations which Willy Rackham is one of the foremost illustrators of Pogany has made for Swift's masterpiece make the world; it would be hard to find more beau- tiful examples of his work than those contained this volume one of the really impressive gift- in this book. $2.50 books of the season. $2.00 “A Master History' James Ford Rhodes' new volume on the Civil War The Soul of a Bishop The Willy Pogany King Arthur History of the Civil War "A concise summary, almost beyond praise for its mastery of the subject matter, its sense of proportion and its literary effectiveness.”—N. Y. Tribune. With maps, $2.50 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL 4 Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. Rodin To the Frenchman of to-day Rodin has fluid and abundant, and overflowed the already become a legend. He was one of bronze and the marble. That is why it the artists of the last century the greater drifted into studio-talk, and through his part of whose life was a protest against acolytes into books. acolytes into books. The appeal of his the stubborn conventionalism of his time. sculpture is largely in this "overflow,” in Culture had become manifold and con- the immaterial extensions of the visible fused and every artist of originality had object, in its inextricably poetic content, to interpret himself through commentaries and in those evasive characters which the written round his work, or to approve him- medium evades but which lurk in the self through friends, to a public whose con- shadow, in the line, and in the delicately cern was with the conservation of tradi- modulated surfaces. tion in the midst of swift-dissolving For Rodin, as for all serious art, sculp- changes. The artist's success depended ture began with the human form, and with upon his eloquence as an apologist, and the nude as its essential and most signifi- Rodin was the type of artist-rhetorician cant manifestation. But the nude held whose words were set down by his disciples for him also certain adventitious and con- with the glowing ardor of a Gospel. The ventional “over-meanings” which tended patient and somewhat pathetic protest of towards an ecstatic eroticism. He brought his genuine gifts against the Institute and it within poignant range of our æsthetic the Academies threw the glamour of vic- sensibilities by a kind of refined natural- torious martyrdom over him, and the ami- ism. In fact, he got to know the model able and rude distinctions of his person- ality afforded much swinging of censers to so intimately that he came at last to regard his work as a continuation of outer appear- unemployed and adventurous enthusiasms. Titian had his Dolce, Michelangelo his ance as it passed through his mind and Condivi and Vasari, but Rodin had his out of it. Mirbeaux, his Mauclairs, his Brownells, But it was necessary to be naturalistic his Kahns, his Cladels, and a galaxy of in order to make the nude as ductile and other devotees whose books are monu- variable in its expression as feeling itself. ments to indiscriminate and sometimes He threw himself upon it and tormented heroic championship. They are, with few it into cowering servility. It became a a exceptions, of no critical value whatever, medium for the expression of the soul in and concern themselves largely with ecstatic stillness in the dreaming Caryatid biographical details and conversational of the Luxembourg, and of the soul expansions (which occurred with odd fre- in ecstatic passion in the female figure quency) of the master on artistic matters. of "L'Invocation," whose outcry almost But the knowledge of an artist's life or rends the spotless marble. The rest of his his views, as of his wardrobe, is utterly work groups itself about one or the other impertinent to the rendering of fair judg- of these two works. He passed in the ment about his work. The only thing that course of his development from what is can really matter about him is not what organic and fundamental in form towards he thinks, still less what he says about his increased suggestion. Had he continued art,-but only what he achieves within the on the path he struck in the marvelous possibilities and the despotic limitations of cadence and firm structure of “L'Homme his material. qui marche," and in the movement of the But Rodin's thought was irrepressibly strained waking body of “L'Age d'airain," 624 [December 20 THE DIAL see he would have been the greatest sculptor form as instrument of expression, he , since Michelangelo. added the superficial qualities of texture But he abandoned the organic male and temperature. The figure ceases to be structure for the artistically less significant a plastic abstraction and becomes vital. female figure, because of its richness of The material, now turned to flesh, is quick, sensuous and sensual suggestion. The fiery, and vibrant, and so exquisitely sen- controlling passion seems to be greater sitive are the surfaces that they would fluidity at all costs. He came to luxuriate seem smoothed and modulated for percep- in intricate groups of interfluent figures. tions much finer than our own. These We them extravagantly tumbled sensuous refinements, proper rather to together, rolling, writhing doubled upon painting than to sculpture, while commu- each other, or in the free boundless move- nicating a direct element of life to the ment of flight. stone, bring with them an elaborate sys- To secure emotional expression Rodin tem of color and chiaroscuro. In places availed himself of every kind of move- the material has been left unwrought to ment both of muscle and structure, of body extend (especially in marble) the range of and feature. Yet movement was with him textural contrasts immeasurably and to predominantly symbolic; not concerted or carry the effect of color values as far as controlled, but pushed out from within possible. Here the purely sensuous effects without rational intervention. Symbolism of touch-of which I spoke-fuse with the — was a habit of mind with Rodin, and he is immaterial play of caressing light and full of yet another kind—profounder and shade and the sense of the medium sinks more deliberate—the symbolism of form definitely in a manifold of adventitious and growing out of the stubborn stone, and delightful refinements. regarded perhaps in its ultimate sugges- The peculiar æsthetic of Rodin's over- tion as the type and culmination of cosmic refined and overestimated work derives evolution, part of that dumb process that from secondary qualities of art, not from pushes all living things up towards the monumentality but from daintiness, not earth's surface. from organic movement but from mobil- As his ideas develop his groups become ity, not from sense-filling mass but from richer in arrangement. But the effect of sensibility. Its ideal is not, as in the great bodily action is relieved by abstract move- arts of the past, perfect coherence; it ment. The planes flow over modulated embodies rather the cult of the exquisite. surfaces from light to shadow attended by Nor is the substance of his work, however the flight of line, and our imagination winning it may be, profound and exalted. gathering impetus at every moment flows At its centre lies the overpowering mys- and flies with them. And while planetery of sex, and his frail, ecstatic figures and line sweep our vision into the depth of of youth are a sort of efflorescence of the a group, they tempt us to walk round it . sexual principle. The motif is traceable, . Rodin by inducing the spectator to do this whatever the professed subject, to a capri- definitely extended the effect of sculpture; cious and poetic eroticism which gently for though sculpture had been plurifacial agonizes the instincts with fruitless yearn- ever since the Greeks, never before had it ings. Yet Rodin's deficiencies are French , been approachable from so many different and traditional. Though we find in his points. Each one reveals a fresh view work none of the architectural qualities of and each view flows into another, like the the greatest sculpture—the upward thrust progressive stages of a symphony. The of life within the downward thrust of mat- effect is orchestral, and like music, Rodin's art is essentially evocative, not topical, and ter; though he attenuated his superficial ef- fects to a point of immaterial refinement; works upon us through its moods rather than through its subject. its subject. The form The form though his theme is not conventionally was thus far become an infinitely subtle noble, now and again his creations carry medium, capable of response to all nuances us out of the fever into a world of pure of feeling and of emotion. But to the beauty. RICHARD OFFNER. 1917] 625 THE DIAL Idealism in the New French French Theatre Several years ago the present writer, in Copeau was its editor-in-chief. Among revolt against our commercial theatre, its the contributors were such widely differ- degradation of the drama and the art of ent and intensely modern writers as Emil the actor, printed, by way of protest, a Verhaeren, Paul Claudel, André Gide, , little analogy. Suppose, the question was and the Comtesse de Noailles. The pre- put, that a symphony orchestra were sub- siding genius of the editorial sanctum was jected to the same disintegrating forces Dostoevsky. A passion for beauty and as the theatrical company of to-day, that justice in expression, sincerity and courage the first violin were a "star," with all the in ideas animated the young writers of the other members of the orchestra (includ- staff . They exalted the work of Charles- ing the conductor) subordinated, not even Louis Philippe. As editors and publish- to his instrument, but to the exploitation of ers, they were radical and constructive. his or her-fascinating personality. Or And finally, in 1913, they founded the — suppose that the orchestra, in the interests Théâtre du Vieux Colombier. of commerce, were obliged to play, all The inspiration for the little theatre, over the country, a single composition however, was not of such recent date. It (and that an inferior one) throughout an was the outcome of many years of critical entire season. What, then, would become study and discussion. Jacques Copeau of the orchestra, the individual players, was a fighting dramatic critic long before and-music? Reversing the analogy, sup- he became an actor and manager. The pose that a company of actors were unified, Vieux-Colombier was founded, as one of like an orchestra, with each dramatic its supporters has said, with something instrument subordinate to the whole, and better than a new-born enthusiasm, "with under the leadership of a powerful, sincere the firm conviction of its artistic necessity directing intelligence, playing the master- and the knowledge, or prevision, of every works of drama precisely as the symphony difficulty to be encountered.”. It did not orchestra performs the music of the world. undertake to revolutionize either society What, then, would be the result? It is this or the drama, and it did not profess to question which Jacques Copeau and the know anything about the "drama of the company of players from the Théâtre du future." Its passionate concern was with Vieux Colombier, of Paris, have estab- the present. The theatre, said M. Copeau, lished themselves in New York to answer; must be "renovated" from the founda- for above all other radical dramatic re- tion up. The Vieux-Colombier formers, they have taken such an organi- announced, then, simply as an experiment zation as their ideal. Their special in “dramatic renovation.” mission to this country is to present French The little group of artists encountered drama, classic, romantic, and modern; but all the usual discouragements of innova- their original intention, before the war, tors, skepticism, remonstrances, and gen- had no nationalistic limitations. It was eral lack of confidence. But they were to present drama, native and foreign, strong in their indignant revolt against ancient and modern, in the service of art. the commercial desecration of the great The Théâtre du Vieux Colombier takes social art of the theatre and in their com- its interesting name from the old street in pelling purpose not merely to arraign and the Latin Quarter on which it was located condemn, but to start a theatre in oppo- -“the street of the old pigeon-house." sition. The little theatre was not an isolated M. Copeau has accused the commercial undertaking, but an outgrowth from the theatre of alienating, in its dishonesty and most remarkable literary movement in viciousness, not only the intelligent and France during the decade before the war, cultivated public, but the highest dramatic a movement which culminated in “La talent of author and actor, which has Nouvelle Revue Française." Jacques found refuge in other professions to the was 626 [December 20 THE DIAL to incalculable loss of the drama. And the Molière, the Spirit of Comedy of all ages talent which remains, he contends, has rendering homage to the French comic been hurt and deformed. He found it genius. But what most excited and held necessary to "renormalize” the actors who the attention was the intense, highly came to him from the ranks of "profes- pitched, and original performance of "Les sionals.” During one summer—the sum- Fourberies de Scapin.” mer of 1913—they all worked together In the production of the classics, the in the country, professionals and non-pro- Vieux-Colombier aims be neither fessionals, their only theatre a barn, far “traditional" (which is another name for from the artificialities of the Paris stage, laziness, according to M. Copeau) nor studying without haste and without weari- presumptuously original. It desires only ness, in the revealing light of day, the the originality which comes from a pro- inner realities of the drama. Slowly, the found knowledge and interpretation of professional actors freed themselves from the text. "Nous nous efforcerons de nous their “deformities" and the "stiff joints remettre en état de sensibilité." Little im- of specialization, and became supple and portance is given to stage decoration and ‘responsive again—true dramatic instru- accessories. M. Copeau does not quite ments, like the talented young people and agree with Paul Claudel that the theatre children whom M. Copeau likes to study should be only a few boards thrown and to teach. across two trestles, but he denies the im- In a single season of three hundred per- portance of all “machinerie.” Molière, formances the Théâtre du Vieux Colom- particularly, is played without decoration bier passed far beyond the stage of or atmosphere and in a reduced space. experimentation and became a vitally The action of the comedies is lost, M. important part of the cultural life of Copeau maintains, on the large modern Paris. The public, to whom the commer- stage. Molière designed the action with cial theatre was distasteful, rallied to its elaborate care, to fit the requirements of support. For the Vieux-Colombier had a very small platform. To produce him arrived just in time, as André Gide pointed ize the scene, is to divorce text and action, in any other way, to enlarge or modern- out, to reconcile that public with the stage. Then came the war, and for a time the and spoil Molière. M. Copeau has modeled his stage for Théâtre du Vieux Colombier appeared to the production and not for the destruction be completely destroyed. The men of the of Molière. The principal action takes company were either mobilized or volun- teered for the army. The doors of the place on a small cubic platform in the centre of the main stage, with steps on little theatre were closed. But the dra- four sides. There is an apron, or fore- matic genius of its founder could not be stage, which is frequently used; and diag- crushed, and a year later M. Copeau be- onal side-walls, next the proscenium, to gan his work of reorganization. Following the right and the left, contain doors with a preliminary visit to this country last steps. A great variety of entrances, exits, spring, he has succeeded in transporting and groupings is thus made possible, and the entire company to New York, where extraordinarily close, rapid action. the Théâtre du Vieux Colombier now Jacques Copeau and his company are a stands, near by, but a little aside from, the true orchestra of dramatic instruments, theatrical market-place, a rebuke and an playing with astonishing spontaneity and inspiration. rhythm. They do not make Molière "real- The theatre opened its doors with a istic." Yet they are very natural. By a performance of Molière's "Les Fourbe- joyous kind of dramatic exaggeration, ries de Scapin.” The comedy was pre- they attain what a French critic has ceded by a prologue, “L’Impromptu du termed "lyrisme du naturel.” They reveal Vieux-Colombier" (in the manner of Molière not only as a great comić writer I'Impromptu de Versailles), and followed but as an “artiste de la scène." by the ceremony of crowning a bust of AMY WELLINGTON. - - 1917] 627 THE DIAL STATE SYSTEM ۱ The Structure of Lasting Peace religion, citizenship are hyphenations created in the process of history. Men IV are born Irish or Jew or Chinese, and their association with men similarly born NATIONALITY, CITIZENSHIP, AND THE EUROPEAN is involuntary and spontaneous. Men be- come farmers or carpenters or physicians, When, a year or two ago, President Christians or Mohammedans or Judaists Wilson uttered his historic reproach of the or Buddhists, citizens of Russia or France "hyphenated American,” he brought for or America, and their association with men an instant into the foreground of public similarly preoccupied is voluntary and opinion a little-considered quality of the directive, governed by considerations of existence of men which is basic to the advantage and the forces of circumstance. solution of all problems of their relation. These associations men pass into and out of ships. Hyphenation is not political merely, at need, or pleasure, or both. The others it pervades the whole of life, increasing they cannot but remain in until they die. proportionately as civilization advances. It is for the sake of those others, indeed, Fundamentally it designates union and that vocation and religion and the state correlation, not separation, nor division. arose; to liberate their powers and to Every man is a hyphenate. Every man elaborate the idiom of their existence. is the centre of an aggregate of relation- Much of the trouble of civilized society ships, which are normally coöperative and derives from the fact that these artificial frequently conflicting. Every man's life associations have overturned what they is a constant compromise and choosing should have sustained, that they have between alternatives so incompatible that changed from tools of living into all may not be completely satisfied at the of life, that they have become idols. purposes , same time. No man is, or can be, ex- This is to-day even truer of economic clusively one thing and no other: son and husband, industrial baron and Chris- and political associations than it was in the Middle Ages of the religious associa- tian, trust magnate and patriot, German and American, pacifist and munitions- tion they have replaced. Capital and the State are the idols of modernity, and the maker, breadwinner and conscript, church two are, we have seen, so inter- member and citizen—a man may normally penetrated that the worship of the one -a be all these at the same time and suddenly implies the worship of the other, even in find himself confronted with the ineluctable democratically constituted states. I do necessity of choosing between one and another. Each implies reciprocal rights order is at the foundation of civilized not mean by this to deny that the economic and duties, each makes insistent and clam- orous claims. Which shall be granted, the always obvious and always ignored society. I mean merely to assert again , fear, imitation, standards of class and rank truism that the economic order presupposes determine far more than intelligence. Yet a community not economic which it serves, at no point than in such choices is intelli- inconceivably beyond the effective gratifi- and that modernity's elaboration of it gence more needful or significant. What is important about the hyphena. indeed inimical, to the free life of man- cation of human needs is unnecessary, and tion of mankind is the classes into which it divides. Men are hyphenated by nature kind. In so far as this civil war which and by art. The relationships involved in German dynastic interest has thrust upon the former are congenital and inalienable, the world seeks justification from the internal to man's character and equating of economic advantage and polit- coincident with his existence. The relation- ical sovereignty with nationality, it seeks ships involved in the latter are acquired justification from a lie. In fact, the whole or assured; external to a man's character modern system of economic rivalries, sup- and existence, alienable, and not indis- posedly inevitable under the "law of , pensable. Nationality is a hyphenation diminishing returns,” is due to the mis- belonging to the nature of things; vocation, appropriation of economic endeavor to as a 628 [December 20 THE DIAL sion. dynastic and capitalistic uses, to the mili- achieved by the more democratic Peoples tarist requirement of a “self-sufficient” or the more democratic times, or both- state. Just and free conditions of economic fifth century Athens, Augustan Rome, the endeavor break this law. As Simon Patten city-states of Italy and Flanders, England has shown, variation of uses and extension from the eighteenth century on, France of consumability not only keep returns at in the nineteenth century, Germany from par or increase them; they also multiply the birth to the death of Goethe. For the "division of labor" and so generate democracy, more basically than anything coöperative interdependence. The com- else, is hyphenation. Since the one and petitive politico-economic system, with its only thing democracy can mean is the sym- tariffs and other dishonesties, rests upon pathetic understanding of the other fellow, sameness of economic enterprise; the with his different origin, nature, back- greater the differentiation, the less the ground, and outlook, and the free and rivalry. coöperative recognition of his right to be The unnecessary existence of rivalry is and to thrive. Democracy, like human- a perversion of function in state and indus- ism, is the mind's reverence of, and the try. These, it must be remembered, are heart's sympathy for, individuality, and tools, not ends. To use them democrati- individuality never occurs except in cally is to use them in behalf of the free nationalate form. Men are always Eng- ing and enhancement of inward and lishmen, or Chinamen, or Frenchmen, or spontaneous differences, not their repres- Germans, and so on; they are never merely The most we can mean by law and men. Nationalities are the roots, and justice and equality of opportunity is such national cultures the fruits, of trees of an arrangement of the material upon which human life whose soils are the economic human life nourishes itself as will permit and political systems that feed or starve and extend the freest development, expres- them. These systems are not inherent sion, and interplay of human individuali- parts of the nature of nationalities; they ties. Upon those and upon those alone can be and are artificially altered without are the essences of civilization and culture hurt to men. Nationalities can not be. grounded and grown. And in those, What I am trying to say is this: the nationalities interpenetrate and support politico-economic establishments are need- each other. National genius requires an ful guarantees and conditions of national- international soil and sustenance: the ity, but not its constituents. Democratic music, literature, painting, sculpture, and progress in such establishments would pro- philosophies of peoples, their religions, vide for nationality the same fortunę as is and even their preëminent sciences are the religion's. In the record of civilization most precious, the most excellent, the best religion is the first free manifestation of known, and most honored, and yet the nationality. The cities and states of antiq- most intimate and national of their achieve- uity are distinguished primarily by their ments, and their substance and source are cults and their patron divinities, and the the most wide-ranging and diversified. divinities have a direct or indirect ances- For these, things of the spirit, protection tral connection with their worshippers- is destruction; free-trade, strength. Eng- Athene for Athens, Phæbus for Sparta, lish Shakespeare is nourished upon the Jehovah for Jerusalem. In the Middle Italian Renaissance; German Goethe (he Ages, cities and states are distinguished by avows it vehemently, again and again), their patron-saints—St. George for Eng- upon English Shakespeare. Each is the land, St. Denis for France: Catholicism declared national superlative of national- did not mean universality of cult; it meant ity and each is superlatively hyphenated. a local and national and vocational particu- The supremacies of the other institutions larism, with a general mythology and of national culture are similarly inter- theology for background. Religious im- national. Indeed, culture, of both the perialism, for which Catholicism is a nation and the individual, is hyphenation. euphemistic synonym, is the attempt to That is why the highest excellences are compel universal conformity in religious 1917] 629 THE DIAL SO matters. The history of that attempt is people with a mission, boasting a state- the darkest in the whole dark record of religion beside which dissident sects are mankind—from the torture and slaughter at a disadvantage. Free states, on the con- of heretics within the church, the exter- trary, have no room for either doctrine. mination of Lollards and Hussites and They have permitted the sinister connec- other dissidents, the persecution of Jews, tion of state and church to fall into the assault upon Mohammedans, to the desuetude, or have violently severed it, terrible religious wars of the Reformation. or have taken measures to prevent its aris- Its modern parallel is Germany's treat- ing: Now underneath nationality, as ment of her victims. The establishment of underneath the religions of antiquity, there tolerance was the establishment of democ- lies an actual or hypothetical consan- racy in the sphere of religion, the applica- guinity of the individuals nationally asso- tion of the principle of "live and let live" ciated, a hereditary inward similarity to associations whose differentiæ were whose outward manifestation is the com- varying declarations about the unseen and munity and culture of the associates. its bearing upon the destiny of man. How Clearly, the connection between political deep the roots of such associations lie may establishment and nationality is as un- be gathered from the fact that necessary and monitory as that between vehement an Americanist as Mr. Roose- state and church. The present civil war is velt is still a member of the Dutch Re- the price mankind is paying for the formed Church. In this respect, as in modern error even as it paid for the many others, this ex-president, quite like mediæval error. mediæval error. How little necessary tha other men, is still a hyphenate, and it is, on connection is between nationality and the the whole, the irrelevance of this form of state the history of nationalism itself/ hyphenation to the actualities of his life shows, no less than the actual organization that keeps it from creating a momentous of various states-Switzerland with her option for him. And for all men, in our French and Italians and Germans, Great Christian civilization, save, perhaps, those Britain with her English and Welsh and who are Catholics, and owe allegiance to Scotch and Irish, Belgium with her Wal- the pope. For with Protestantism there loons and Flemings, the United States with began a secularization of the world which all the nationalities of the world associated more and more drove the religious con- in the common American citizenship. cern from the centre to the periphery of Nationality, in a word, is as inde- human interest. Under the new and pendent of citizenship as religion. A citi- growing conditions of tolerance and free- zen is associated with his fellows in a dom sects multiplied, yet no one was the state, for political purposes. These pur- worse. The secular mood simply changed poses are to guarantee to individuals and the role of religion back from an idol of to groups, as our Declaration of Inde- Jife into a tool of living. Its connection pendence asserts, life, liberty, and the with the state was severed and the power pursuit of happiness. Disentanglement of by means of which it was compelled to the state from religion has made it the struggle for existence altered from physi- guarantor of religious freedom. The next cal force to moral excellence. step in the liberation of mankind must be The place left vacant by religion was to detach it completely and everywhere filled by nationality. Nationality is the from nationality that it may become the secular aspect of the same self-conscious guarantor of national freedom, enfranchis- pride of social personality of which ing the inner life of nationalities for crea- religion is the first utterance. In back- tion and self-expression in the world of ward and mediæval states the two still culture as it does sects in the realm of interpenetrate and imply each other; their religion. That this is more and more the criteria are doctrines of especial considera- case in countries with free and responsible tion from divinity and a special predesti- institutions need not be argued. But if nate service to execute on its behalf: on its behalf: peace is to become lasting, it must be made Germany, we are instructed, is a chosen everywhere and equally the case. 630 [December 20 THE DIAL And there's the rub. Even in the ism for equity. Of the “law of nations” United States, in the very face of the facts this has been particularly true. The sys- of the daily life, men labor under the super- tem of state sovereignties is answerable stition of the identity of nationality with for all the forms of imperialism that citizenship, and the fanatical devotion to derive from nationalistic aggression- nationality among the Jugo-Slavs, the Irish, Germanification, Magyarization, Otto- the Poles, the Lithuanians, to say nothing manization, and so on, with all such of the Germans, is certain, if peace be not programmes imply in the economic and made on the basis of an absolute divorce political orders. Unless an international between citizenship and nationality, to is substituted for this national system, the maintain the war-creating system of inter- world will never be safe for democracy. national disorganization. Democracy, on To speak of a few cases in Europe alone, which peace ultimately depends, demands depends, demands there are Magyar and German minorities this divorce. Without it, the German con- in Bohemia and in the Austrian territory ception of the state, particularly effective claimed by Rumania, just as there is a for wartimes, is bound to prevail. Accord- great Slavic majority in the Hungarian ing to this conception the state is the be-all dominion; two-thirds of the Macedonia and end-all of existence, greater than claimed by Serbia is inhabited by men of society and inclusive of it. Neither Bulgarian nationality; Alsace is largely individuals nor groups have being or German; a third of Poland is Jewish. A significance outside the state. They exist by settlement according to "the principle of its sufferance and live for its service. It It nationality" which would effect only a is the Sole Individual, the great Whole, change in hegemony would have Europe the synthesis and fulfilment of all human at war again in less than a generation. associations, antedating and superseding Minorities must be safeguarded even as them, prior in existence and in right. Pre- majorities must be freed if peace is to last, cisely opposite is the democratic view. and minorities cannot be safeguarded don, he gave promise of achieving a personal a more delicate and dextrous imagination and a utterance to match a decided personality. In far greater feeling for words—but Pound tri- many of the early poems, such as “Pierre Vidal umphs in the gesture. He puts up his hand, his Old,” “Ballad of Gloom,” and the exquisite fingers become nimble, his eyebrows go up and “Greek Epigram" (all originally in “Personae” what, when spoken, is tawdry and trivial, be- and "Exultations"), the influence of Browning comes glamorous with a possible mystery. This and Bertran de Born was unmistakable. But it is his power. The escape into literature is com- was not overmastering, and it was confidently plete; the poetry is mostly dumb show, but he expected that a few years would bring Pound can still simulate life. He is Gordon Craig's to a more striking and less scholastic habit of super-marionette and his art is poetry in pan- mind. The first part of this expectation was tomime. LOUIS UNTERMEYER. fulfilled, but, strangely enough, it only placed an emphasis on his inverted scholasticism. Pound, it became evident, was no pioneer, no intrepid A Freudian Half-Holiday traveller; he was always an exponent of “move- ments,” a schoolman, alternating between an in- DelusiON AND DREAM. An Interpretation in the curably romantic veneration of the past and an Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, a Novel, by even more cloistral aversion to the crowd. Now Wilhelm Jensen. By Dr. Sigmund Freud. Trans- it is classicism that he embraces, now imagism, lated by Helen M. Downey. (Moffat, Yard & Co.; $2.) now a furtive effort to look at the violence of To what extent can true psychologic insight, life in the terms of vorticism—always the con- not consciously determined by objective experi- tact with the actual world is feared. More and ence, be credited to the literary artist? Is there more he shrinks back into literature. And so such a thing as an intuition or instinct of psychic in “Lustra,” we find him established. He has verity anticipating, nay transcending, the more become a connoisseur of the curious; a haunter laborious constructions of the systematic psy- of old bookstalls; a formalist arguing in a mustychologist? And has the latter nothing but and deserted classroom. The library is his ivory admiration and envy for the great artist's un- tower, and he has locked himself in. Once in a while he opens a window and hears people laugh- teries of the human soul? Perhaps. At least guided, yet infallible, unravelings of the mys- ing and brawling in the street. But he listens we may grant without fear of contradiction that only for a moment. The window is slammed, modern psychology might rest content with the the curtains are drawn, the perfumed candles lit assurance of but half the grasp of mental phe- —and he is back again, picking his way through literatures, amassing technicalities and dreaming interpreters have, at one time and place or nomena that the great army of Shakespearean of himself in his favorite rôle—the pedagogue in another, ascribed to their liege lord. And how power, the pundit on parade. The sum total of does it stand with psychoanalysis? Have the not all this is staggering, the net result infinitesimal. altogether self-evident psychic mechanisms that Pound has gone on, collecting cultures, and Freud has disinterred for us ever been anticipated all they have yielded him is an accent, an atti- in toto in a work of fiction? It is not a question tude. He poses before the mirror of his art and of whether this or that isolated bit of psychoan- drapes himself in a coat of many colors that he alytic theory finds its parallel or confirmation in has taken, patch by patch, from other and more literature,-such convergences of thought may authentic designers. He has really little to say, but he says it in a manner that gives his words be instanced by the hundred,—but of whether a superficial significance. It is not so much the there are to be found anywhere a literary plot and phrase as the gesture that accompanies it that is an underlying psychological analysis that are com- distinguished and arresting. It is this gesture parable to a typical psychoanalytic clinical picture. The latest addition of Messrs. Moffat, Yard that explains and identifies Pound. Some of his followers who are not so well known have sur- & Co. to their rapidly growing library of psy- passed him in his own métiers: the Aldingtons choanalytic literature undertakes to answer this are far more Hellenic and chiseled than he; T. S. question. question. It consists of two parts: a short novel, Eliot has a much lighter touch in recording the or Novelle, by the prolific German writer Wil- ironies and overtones of conversation; John helm Jensen, entitled “Gradiva, a Pompejian Gould Fletcher is a more successful experimenter Fancy"; and a Freudian interpretation of this ; in the clash of colors; Maxwell Bodenheim has work of fiction, “Delusion and Dream in Jen- 636 [December 20 THE DIAL - sen's Gradiva." The intrinsic literary merit of the meeting of Zoë and Hanold, who are next- “Gradiva" hardly concerns us, except in so far door neighbors in a German town, in Pompeii as it puts us in an initially responsive or begrudg- itself; and the fact of Hanold's strange forget- ing mood when confronted by the succeeding fulness. The nucleus of the tale is the abnormal commentary. The translator, as usual in these interest that Hanold takes in the bas-relief, more Moffat, Yard & Co. translations from the particularly in Gradiva's very peculiar trick of German, has done her best to create a haze of lifting the foot in walking. Psychoanalytically, literalness separating us from too close intellect- this interest, which leads to fancies of a delusive а ual contact with the writer, yet I doubt whether nature, is interpretable as a substitutive form of even the best type of rendering would have expression of the sexual instinct, all direct and altogether made credible Freud's own estimate of normal manifestations of which have been denied the æsthetic value of the story. It has the same an outlet by the conscious self. The reason for heavy combination of sentimental fancy and the repression, however, is not evident, for rather coarse jocularity that, in such tales as Hanold's intensive preoccupation with classical “Die Nonna" and "Höher als die Kirche," was archæology is, at best, but an occasion or shaping served up to us in high-school days. The "fancy" circumstance, not a sufficient cause. At least so wings its Alight in comfortable view of German psychoanalysis; Jensen may have other ideas of Gemütlichkeit. It is with somewhat of a shock what constitutes causality in a fantasia. As the that we learn that the Gustav Freitag-Paul Heyse only sexually utilizable material antedating the type of sentimentality was still flourishing in repression is Hanold's childish relations to Zoë, Germany in 1903; presumably its germs are still now “remembered” only by the unconscious, it is intact. Of the jocular note running through natural that the dammed instinct should feed on Jensen's fantasia Freud seems a bit oblivious, a representation linked, via this unconscious perhaps because there are weightier matters in memory, with his childish past. We have, there- hand. And yet, that Freud's sense of humor is fore, in Hanold's infatuation with the bas-relief not altogether in abeyance and that he is aware a typical example of the unconscious infantile of the smallness of the step that separates inter- fixation which is so frequently at the back of pretative acuity from flightiness is shown by the neurotic phenomena. His delusional fancies are, final remark with which he calls a halt to his in effect, a compromise formation induced by two own resourcefulness: “But we must stop or we conflicting volitional streams, the sexual impulse may forget that Hanold and Gradiva are only and the repressive force; they "satisfy" the former creatures of our author." All psychoanalysts through the power of an unconscious series of who are capable of making reservations should associations, the latter by guaranteeing a flight thank Freud for this sly dig in his own ribs. from sexual reality. The psychoanalytic com- Let all this not obscure the fact that Freud plexion of Jensen's “Gradiva" extends far beyond makes a case, and indeed a very plausible and this delusional nucleus to a considerable number sharp-witted one. Aside from certain short- of details. Emotional transference, rationaliza- comings, psychoanalytically considered, of Jensen tion of motive, unconscious symbolization of himself, and aside from a few cases of rather desire, regression to infantile experiences--all evident overdoing it on Freud's part, the accord these familiar aspects of Freudian thinking find, of "Gradiva" with psychoanalytic requirements or seem to find, frequent illustration in the novel. is remarkable enough, however one chooses to The very name Gradiva, "splendid in walking," explain it, and this despite the obvious fact that which has been bestowed by Hanold on the girl the suggestion of anything like psychological of the bas-relief, turns out to be, as Jensen him- plausibility was far from Jensen's conscious mind. self points out, but the Latinized equivalent of That Jensen intended to move almost entirely in the living girl's surname, Bertgang; that Hanold the realm of pure fancy is indicated by two or fancies something Hellenic in the features of the three of his assumptions, assumptions credible Pompeiian girl is a distorted reflex of the uncon- only in a fantasia. The reader of the novel must sciously remembered name Zoë; his sudden take for granted, without motivation, the com- departure for Pompeii, apparently a poorly mo- plete identity in appearance and manner of walk- tivated caprice, is plausibly explained by Freud ing of Zoë Bertgang, the long-forgotten childhood as symbolizing both his desire for Zoë-Gradiva playmate of Hanold, the archæologist, and of (consciously rationalized as an absurd quest of Gradiva of the bas-relief dug up at Pompeii; Gradiva's peculiar footprints in the lava of Pom- a 1917] 637 THE DIAL peii) and his unconscious fear of Zoë, the work The Polyglot Empire of the repression. To at least some extent Freud's detailed analyses of two of the dreams AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: THE POLYGLOT EMPIRE. By introduced by Jensen carry conviction, but only Wolf von Schierbrand. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.; $3.) to some extent. The treatment of the “latent HISTORY OF SERBIA. By Harold W. V. Tem- content" of the dreams is less plausible than the perley. (Macmillan Co.; $4.) analysis of the delusions. This is precisely as it The war began in southeastern Europe; its should be, for the chances of constructing dreams principal cause was the Mittel-Europa project of possessing psychological verisimilitude are not Germany, looking to the bridging of the Balkans very high. Finally, the cure of Hanold's delu- and the Bosphorus with a German-controlled sions effected by Zoë may be described as an political and economic empire; and while the ulti- abridged replica of the Freudian psychotherapy. mate military decision will undoubtedly be What are we to make of it all? Jensen him- reached on the soil of France, Belgium, or Ger- self “testily” denied all knowledge of psycho- many, many of the major problems of the paci- analysis. Are we then, with Freud, driven to fication will centre about the future of the lands ascribe to Jensen a high degree of instinctive of the east and south. Prominent among these psychological insight, an artist's intuition that problems will be the restoration and indemnifi- more than makes up for ignorance of psycho- cation of Servia. Strong interest will attach also logical theory? In view of the very moderate to the fate of the loose-jointed, sorely beset artistic ability displayed by Jensen and the ob- dual monarchy, Austria-Hungary, its boundary vious lack of deep earnestness in his treatment changes, its political reconstruction (whether of the plot, one hesitates to commit himself to complete dissolution, fuller federalization, or Freud's thesis. We might be less disinclined to closer consolidation), and its economic ruin or follow Freud if the author of "Gradiva" were possible rehabilitation. a Shakespeare, a Balzac, or a Dostoevsky. Per- In his "Austria-Hungary: The Polyglot Em- haps we are unfair to Jensen. An unprejudiced pire” Mr. Wolf von Schierbrand, traveller and survey of his other works might bring convic-journalist, has written a popular account of the tion. Yet would it, after all, be rash to seek a Austro-Hungarian peoples, their racial difficulties, less ambitious explanation in what the ethnolo- political life, economic problems, and war con- gists term "cultural convergence”? Jensen might ditions, which, although on the whole less useful have started with the purely mechanical idea of than Geoffrey Drage's well-known “Austria- tying an arbitrarily interrupted past to Hungary," has the advantage of being consider- sentimental present and have hit upon the device ably more recent and more readable. The author of unconscious sous-entendus as a convenient lived in Austria-Hungary from 1912 until 1917. means. This would be tantamount to an uncon- He strongly disclaims the intention to write “a scious aping of the psychoanalytic procedure. It mere war book.” Yet more than a third of his would also explain Jensen's failure to motivate chapters deal specifically with the state of the what Freud interprets as a repression. Or, still country during the war, and the chief value of his more plausibly, a modicum of psychological in- work lies in the fact that it furnishes almost the sight, say into the facts of unconscious memory, only intimate account that we have of what has may have been helped out by such a mechanical been going on in the Hapsburg dominions since device as is here suggested. the war began. However we decide as to the psychoanalytic All the world knows that the crux of the Aus credentials of Wilhelm Jensen, we may accept tro-Hungarian situation is, and has always been, Freud's study as a sugar-coated introduction to the interrelations of the empire-kingdom's multi- the subject of psychoanalysis itself. As such it fold racial groups. After fairly well outlining may have its uses. A scientific confirmation of the elements in this problem, Mr. von Schier- Freudian psychology it can hardly claim to be. brand discusses with some deftness the problem's While it does not seem to the reviewer to repre- inherent difficulty, and goes on to consider the sent a full day's work in the psychoanalytic work- possible lines of its solution. He shows that the shop, it is too good a thing to be dismissed as American "melting-pot” theory has no applica- the vagary of an off day. May not Freud have tion in the dual monarchy, mainly for the reason taken a half-holiday when he wrote it? that all the bitterly contending racial elements - EDWARD SAPIR. Germans, Poles, Czechs, Ruthenians, Magyars, a 638 [December 20 THE DIAL Slovaks, Serbs, Italians, and what not-claim ical lists frighten away the "general” reader; their dwelling places as their ancestral homes, they do so only if the subject treated or the man- look upon their neighbors as intruders and foes, ner of treatment is itself dull. The present vol- cling tenaciously to their cultural inheritances, ume would gain greatly by being to some extent and regard any union with their rivals as ulti- documented. Important information is given mately desirable only if they themselves are left and interesting judgments are passed with no in a position to rule. The view is taken that the citation of sources, authorities, or other means present war will make it necessary to "cut the of corroboration; so that while the book as a Gordian knot"; although we are also told that, whole carries weight as the work of a competent without the war, matters could not long have and sympathetic observer, it lacks the value for gone as they were. the scholar and publicist which one would sup- Assuming that it is forever impossible to weld pose it might readily have been given. the polyglot populations of the monarchy into a A book of very different type is Mr. Temper- compact state, the author contends that the only ley's "History of Serbia." Its author is known feasible course, if the Hapsburg dominions are as a tireless explorer of the diplomatic collections not to dissolve utterly, is to grant to every impor- of the British Record Office, and as the writer tant racial group the essentials of self-govern- of more than one scholarly volume on modern ment. He describes the plan of the late Archduke international relations. Begun as a history of Francis Ferdinand to supersede the Aus- Serbia from the revival of her independence in gleich with an instrument reorganizing the the nineteenth century to the Balkan war of dominions on a triple instead of a dual basis, 1912, the present work has broadened into a his- with Austria, Hungary, and a Jugoslav (South tory reaching backward to the first coming of Slav) union as distinct political entities; and he the Southern Slavs into their Danubian and Bal- shows that this interesting plan would have kan habitats. It closes with the events of 1910. fallen quite short of its object, not only because The book bristles with evidence of painstaking of the hostility of the Hungarians, but because research; it is well documented; and it contains such other reforms as were to have gone with it a select bibliography of very satisfactory propor- would still have left under the Emperor's sway tions. a dozen discontented nationalities. The Arch- The writing of Balkan history is a task calling duke's scheme did not go far enough. "The only for peculiar talents. The sources are plentiful, radical remedy for the ills which race strife has yet fragmentary and conflicting. Fundamentals bred in Austria-Hungary is self-government for are exceptionally difficult to hew from labyrinths each and every part of the whole. The ideal of detail. Above all, it is hard not to be infiu- must, in fact, be the establishment of something enced by the susceptibilities and prejudices of the like a United States of Austria-Hungary, only numerous rival nationalities. In the Balkans, it That is, the self-government in each has been well said, history is a sort of pacific state of this prospective federation must be, to warfare in which every native scholar is a gen- accomplish all that is desired, more complete eral. than it is in its American prototype. Common Mr. Temperley has overcome these difficulties ties must be confined to a very few." with notable success. He has the advantage That there are tremendous obstacles to such which falls to the onlooker as against the par- a readjustment is freely admitted. But the author ticipant. He is a master of sound historical criti- feels certain that between it and the utter disso- cism. And he has simplified his problem by lution of the monarchy there will be, after the tracing the fortunes of a single branch of the war, no middle ground, and he ventures the pre- South Slavic race, rather than trying to write a diction that “probably the means will be found." composite history. Similar treatment of the Bos- It may be added that in his speech opening the nians, the Serbo-Croats, the Slovenes, and other Reichsrath last May the young successor of South Slav peoples would make for clearness of Francis Joseph pointed the way to a constitu- a constitu- comprehension by the outside world. tional reorganization based on greatly increased In the light of the author's conclusions, the autonomy for the "kingdoms and lands” of the tragedy of Serbia under Austro-Hungarian con- monarchy. quest takes on added color. “If there ever is Mr. von Schierbrand makes the common mis- a Southern Slav federation," he affirms, "it will take of supposing that foot-notes and bibliograph- be because of the kingdom of Serbia, which has more SO. 1917] 639 THE DIAL held up the same kind of hope and example of his Fellows"; while the third, Mr. J. D. Beaz- unity to the Southern Slavs that the kingdom ley's “Attic Red Figured Vases in American of Piedmont did to the Southern Italians. The Museums," is announced by the Harvard Uni- history of the Serbian race in Montenegro and versity Press as a forthcoming work. And it is Serbia is therefore the most important, because of peculiar advantage that the first two, at least, these lands are the core of that rugged stock treat of the subject at the most inspiring point which has preserved or achieved freedom, and in its evolution, when, for naïveté, freshness of thus become a hope and a beacon to the Slavs imagination, and the ethical quality of its strug- enslaved under rulers or imprisoned in other gle to solve problems inherent in the developing lands.” This judgment is the more impressive technique of drawing, it is comparable with the by reason of the fact that throughout his narra- art of the fifteenth century in Italy. tive the author makes no attempt to obscure the For the layman, no book can serve better as an weaknesses and faults of the Serbs, and especially introduction to the subject than that of M. of their ruling dynasties. Pottier. This first-rate authority on Greek vases, abandoning technicalities and moot ques- FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. tions, has brought all his learning to a simple and sympathetic exposition of the subject, not for Greek Vases the professional archæologist, as he says in his opening sentences, but for the reading public. His monograph is now made more accessible DOURIS AND THE PAINTERS OF GREEK VASES. By Edmond Pottier. Translated by Bettina Kahn- through Miss Kahnweiler's translation, to which weiler. (E. P. Dutton & Co.; $2.50.) has been added a preface by Miss Jane Ellen EUTHYMIDES AND HIS Fellows. By Joseph Clark Harrison, on the relation of Greek vase-painting Hoppin. (Harvard University Press; $4.) to Greek literature and mythology. Twenty- The average museum visitor, in his wander- five illustrations, some in color, accompany the ings through the galleries of Europe and Amer- text. ica, usually passes by with but a swift glance the cases of black and red Greek pottery, thus In his first chapter M. Pottier briefly dis- cusses the importance of the study of Greek unwittingly depriving himself of a pleasure afforded by the works of but few periods in vases as a means of dimly discerning the nature of the pictorial art of classic Greece, and states the history of art. For the value of the study as his reason for selecting Douris as a typical of Greek vases, battered and fragmentary though their condition frequently is, lies in the fact, exponent of the craft, first, the fact that this painter is representative of the culmination of first, that they afford us an amazing revelation of Greek life. Second, they yield a unique that to him can be attributed the largest number the manufacture of Greek pottery; and second, pleasure to the mind sensitive to certain æsthetic of vases bearing the name of the painter. qualities—to balance and exquisite adaptation In the next three chapters, the author tells of of figures to space, to the grace of curved lines, the social conditions of the vase-painter, gives a the swiftness and firmness of straight; and this , glimpse into a factory in the Kerameikos, touches too, notwithstanding the fact that the painters upon the great pottery industry in Athens, and were probably mere craftsmen. Third, to the suggests how these skilled craftsmen must have person gifted with imagination, they offer a been keenly sensitive to the works of art by which conception, vague though it may be, of the they were surrounded; describes the workshop general character and development of Greek and tools; and follows step by step the technical drawing and painting, a lost art, now known process of the production of a piece of red- only through meagre literary references. figured work. Of interest to those who have already acquired In the remaining chapters the author dis- a love for the Greek vase, as well as to those cusses the vases of Douris, dividing them, accord- who may desire to gain an understanding of the ing to the content of the painting, into three craft, is the publication of three volumes which groups: mythological, martial, and genre, for will help to fill the need for books on this sub- the last of which Douris showed a decided pref- ject in English. Two have already appeared- erence, introducing us to many an interesting Miss Bettina Kahnweiler's translation of M. everyday scene of contemporary Athenian life. Pottier's “Douris et Les Peintres des Vases In conclusion the writer summarizes in a Grecs," and Mr. Hoppin's "Euthymides and peculiarly happy way the historic and ästhetic 640 (December 20 THE DIAL value of his painter. In fact, the chief value of Another “ Apologia” the book is the charm that results from the warmly appreciative and sympathetic attitude of A SPIRITUAL PILGRIMAGE. By R. J. Campbell. M. Pottier toward his subject. (D. Appleton & Co.) The translator, however, could have rendered This book belongs to the type of intimate the volume more valuable to the student, had literature represented earlier by Newman's "Apo- she added, in footnotes, the results of late criti- logia” and in our own day by the autobiograph- ical confessions of Benson and Tyrrell. “It is cism, which, for instance, accredits Douris with more work than the twenty-eight pieces men- best to tell the whole story of my religious life tioned by M. Pottier. and to let it speak for itself," says Mr. Camp- A different aim is found in Mr. Hoppin's bell . “Most of the arguments on both sides are monograph, which is a scholarly and more techni- already outworn, ... I have therefore confined cal presentation of the works of a small, but myself to describing step by step the road by closely allied, group led by the painter Euthym- which I came to the position I occupy today.” The vogue of such religious autobiography is ides. The writer arranges his material in the form of a catalogue raisonné of the signed works, great, and it is significant. Abstract theology each accompanied by a detailed description, a may be alien to our generation; philosophical dis- bibliography, and, wherein lies the unusual value cussion always appeals to limited groups. But of this work, an illustration of every vase dis- the modern world is hungry for records of expe- rience, and the welcome accorded them shows cussed, many of superior quality, as they are reproduced from the Furtwängler-Reichhold that men are still intensely conscious that they plates. He then effects his reconstruction from are "pilgrims of eternity," and crave fellowship the following data: (a) signatures and inscrip- and guidance on the journey. tions; (b) use of kalós names; (c) relation to Fellowship rather than guidance is to be found the other artists of the period; (d) style and in Mr. Campbell's book. The secret of the au- technical details. His deductions are that histor- thor's power over vast audiences is not hard to ically Euthymides was active in the early part discover. Such sympathetic eagerness and sweet- of the fifth century, had some connection with ness of nature are assets in the pulpit and will the black-figured work, and with Andokides and always win the world. The delightful account his group, and was a contemporary and rival of of the boyhood in Ulster is full of beauty and Euphronius. Artistically he possessed a well- humor, and incidentally throws much light on defined style—a fact which has been established the present psychology of Irish affairs. The lov- by a morphological study of the figures and a re- ing and reverent discipleship toward Dean Paget duction of them to geometric formulæ. and other friends, the pleasure in great books,- On the hypothesis of this reconstruction, by for Campbell has been a wide if not a deep the comparative method, Mr. Hoppin attributes reader,—the authentic note of spiritual experi- to Euthymides ten unsigned vases, arranging his ence, are charming traits-traits of a man so lovable that his unknown hearers or readers feel data in the same catalogue form as in the case at once a personal bond established. of the signed works. By a like study of four vases of unquestioned But these very traits are those of the fellow- traveller rather than the leader. The book has signature, the writer determines the historical place and style of Phintias, whom he considers high representative value; one finds in it a reflec- tion of many characteristic phases in the religious an intimate associate, if not actual partner, of experience of England and, in a measure, of Eu- Euthymides. Finally he discusses the more rope during the last quarter-century. One does shadowy personalities of Kleophrades and Hypsis, not find in it an original contribution to Chris- the former, because of his relation, at the tian thought. There is nothing to compare, for beginning of his career, to Euthymides, as a instance, with the great concluding chapter of probable pupil; and the latter, because of his the "Apologia” for depth and fervor of thought, strong Euthymides characteristics. or for power of expression. Yet change of faith, Students of the history of art will value Mr. in the cases of both Newman and Campbell, Hoppin's monograph not only for its reconstruc- sprang really, not out of thought, but out of per- tions, but also for its exposition of a method, sonality. Intellectual as well as spiritual travail logical and scholarly. HELEN GARDNER. preceded Mr. Campbell's sincere and deliberate 1917] 641 THE DIAL a conversion from non-conformity to Anglicanism. mind before and after. That work, written under But those to whom news of that conversion came the temporary influence of a Modernist Christol- as a surprise will learn now that it was inevita- ogy, monistic to the verge of Pantheism, called ble. Newman, as a little boy, for some myste- forth, among other comment, a reply from Camp- rious reason drew rosaries in his schoolbooks and bell's honored leader of old at Oxford, Bishop crossed himself in the dark. So Campbell, in Gore. Rare phenomenon! The author was con- conservative Presbyterian Ulster, where Orange- vinced by the refutation,- ,-or at least was driven men abounded and contempt for Catholic Ire- back to former types of faith, which in the end re- land dominated emotion, tells us: “I remember sumed their hold. A man who can be brought making for myself an Oratory in a remote cor- round to his opponent's point of view by that op- ner of our woods, and carving a rude crucifix ponent's attack on him is a real Christian; and the for it as well as erecting a rough stone altar. fine humility, as well as the impressionable quality Why I did this I cannot imagine, as I am sure of mind which gives book and man their charm, I never saw anything of the kind anywhere else is peculiarly evident at this point. The whole at that time." These things have to be, and it discussion of modern Christology, moreover, of is a foolish soul that fights against the call from the "Christ-Myth” theory and the Apocalyptic a region below reason. conception of Christianity, is lucid and valuable Presently we are at Oxford, and the author to the reader least versed in theological meth- has to record the spell cast over him by the holy ods; nor does the discussion lose cogency from lives of the priests with whom he was there in the ardent devotional tone which pervades it. contact, and by the lofty beauty and mystic im- To be religious, Mr. Campbell keenly says some- plications of Catholic life and worship. The where in his book, is a gift of nature; to be forces which withheld him at that time from the spiritually minded is the work of grace, and Anglican priesthood were partly an honorable comes after long effort only. This book is the loyalty to his Presbyterian forbears, and a recog- self-revelation of a spiritually minded man who nition of the work of the Spirit within them, knows whereof he speaks. partly a liberalism which questioned "the author- Perhaps Mr. Campbell's sanguine temper over- ity on which we accepted Christian doctrine" estimates the degree to which the modernist and shrank half consciously from dogmatic de- Christology is now discredited; but he is not mands. He felt that High Anglicanism led alone in reaction from it. Younger non-con- straight to Rome. Also, he was "in the mood formists of distinction, as for example Dr. Or- for sacrifice," and "would rather work with chard in his brilliant "Necessity of Christ,” are those who had not social recognition than with also feeling their way back to faith in the his- those who had.” Admirable objections, yet all torical and supernatural basis of Christianity, the time the spell was at work. “The two as well as toward a Sacramental and Catholic sources of my spiritual life are the Ulster Pres- philosophy. Once more the ancient sanctities byterianism of my childhood, and the Anglo- have been attacked by the tumultuous roar and Catholicism of my Oxford days. To the latter, rush of an incoming tide; and again as the waves humanly speaking, I owe my soul." Anyone recede they stand firm as rocks above the welter. reading the record of those years, though aware In the course of geologic periods, waves wear that it may be somewhat colored by feelings of rocks away; but the Rock of Ages shows no a later date, would be certain that in the end change as yet to mortal vision. nostalgia of the Altar, as Tyrrell used to put it, Bishop Gore pointed out to Campbell that would lead the wanderer home. much which repelled him in current Protestant But the home-coming was by a roundabout orthodoxy was equally repellent to the Catholic path, and in describing it the book treats of genius: and insistence that the mystic Christ and nearly all the forces which have swayed modern the Jesus of history are one, led him back into religious minds. Chapter VI, on "The Labor the Catholic fold. “It was the Christ of the Movement,” is interesting in its record of a Catholic Church that stood forth from the newer growing social radicalism, and noteworthy for criticism of the gospel sources, not the Christ the gentleness with which its advanced positions of liberal Protestantism." Very gently, with true are maintained. But the dramatic centre of the loving-kindness toward all, Campbell returned book is in the controversy gathering around the to his old home. Has he reached the end of his New Theology, and in the progress of Campbell's journey ? Every reader asks the question. He 642 [December 20 THE DIAL explains that he has carefully studied and re- "social" psychology as an intellectual fine art. jected the claims of Rome. But a temperament We see not only the cruelly ingenious union of like his rarely reaches a passive goal. Mean- capitalism and government for the purpose of time, wherever he may find himself, his power keeping the working classes in servitude, but we to contribute to the larger Christian unity which see the philosophy by which capitalists and poli- begins to seem more than a dream is in many ticians rationalized their crude will-to-power into ways unique. His treatment of the vexed ques- attitudes that satisfied them as necessary. The tion of Reordination is especially cogent and Hammonds have used their material with the timely; the direct and practical experience of utmost skill to show us the intellectual structure varied religious types, the respect for all, the of this terrible civilization. In their early chap- lofty view of the Whole Body, the Sacra- ters, "The New Power," "The New Town,” mental philosophy, above all the personal piety “The New Discipline,” they show the inexor- breathing through every page, equip him to able hemming in of the workers by the new render greater services to his generation in capitalism. In the later chapters on "The Mind the future than in the past. His autobiography, of the Rich," "The Conscience of the Rich," so typical in its very weaknesses, may not give “The Defences of the Poor," "The Mind of much satisfaction to minds ready to penetrate the Poor," "The Ambitions of the Poor," the new regions; but it does better. It is the reve- authors analyze the states of mind, religious, lation of a true Christian, unspoiled by popu- political, predatory, that accompanied the new larity, humble, consecrate, and never disobedient subjugation and the reactions against it. In to his heavenly vision. VIDA D. SCUDDER. their feeling for class attitudes, for the rational- izations that accompany the economic war, for the sinister manipulation of government by cap- The Industrial Revolution ital, the Hammonds have an intellectual tool which should be in the hands of every one who tries to write of this modern industrial era. THE Town LABOURER, 1760-1832. By J. L. and Barbara Hammond. (Longmans, Green & Co.; And they have produced a book which can fairly $3.50.) be called a model of method and perspective. From the point of view of the possessing The writers are filled with the need of or- classes, the Industrial Revolution in England ganizing a society in which “all men and women meant the dawn of modern greatness, the con- have an equal and recognized share.” quest of nature by man's inventive skill, the en- they describe, which still lives on in our Ameri- dowment of society with a wealth of commodities can industrial civilization, thought of industry and services. From the point of view of the only "as offering rapid and tempting prizes to worker who produced these commodities, the In- the spirit of gain which was regarded as the dustrial Revolution was a cruel and shameless great motive power of human progress.” The exploitation of the mass of a race by the classes workingmen leaders who were right then, and holding economic and political power. The are right now, saw that "if life was to be en- modern social historian is far more interested riched by the new industry, machinery must be in this latter point of view than in the former, made subordinate to the men who used it." The and presses insistently on these sorest spots of struggle to effect that subordination has still English civilization. Never has the story been after a century scarcely got beyond the first skir- told with such masterly precision or with such mishes. This book reflects the revolutionizing illuminating reference to the original sources of of economic thought; it insists that England- the time as in this book by the Hammonds. It and the other industrial nations by inference is not a large book, but the perspective and shall no longer be “two nations," divided by a proportion are so perfect that the life of a whole bitter class struggle, but a genuine common- era, analyzed searchingly and profoundly, passes wealth in which machinery becomes the servant before your eyes as you read. of life and not its master. “The Town La- The book is virtually a study in the technique bourer” should be read for its constant play of of class-manipulation. Not only are events and suggestiveness upon our modern situation, and conflicts studied, but the whole intellectual and the stern questions its material puts to us of spiritual background of this class struggle as how much our ruling classes know of liberty events were reflected in it is presented. This is to-day. RANDOLPH BOURNE. The age 1917] 643 THE DIAL Psychology in a Vacuum possessed of a refinement that reminds one of the people who interested Henry James. The The Three BLACK PENNYS. By Joseph Herge- iron mills pound, flame, and roar outside, al- sheimer. (Alfred A. Knopf; $1.50.) ways outside, for they are never allowed to come The publisher of Mr. Hergesheimer's “The into the drawing-room. It is, so to speak, in Three Black Pennys” calls it “the first Ameri- can novel” he has printed. There is no need drawing-rooms, softly lighted and faultlessly furnished, that all three stories take place. This to put any special interpretation on that use of is the impression of the whole work. The au- the word "American," but it comes in neatly as thor himself writes with a subtlety and a sensi- a starting-place for a discussion of this "splendid, tive penetration that are the fruits of careful unsuccessful” novel. It is not American. Until reading, if not study, of English and French American business became the world's breakfast models. There are none of the bold, bald ob- conversation, the sordidness of getting to work servations of a Spoon River historian. So by eight o'clock, or an even more vulgarly early much, then, as a friendly attempt to rid Mr. hour, there to be enslaved until five or six in Hergesheimer's novel of a complimentary ad- the evening, was kept from the novel-reader's vertisement which it cannot fairly be asked delicate sensibilities. One somehow received the to live up to. To say that it is not American, impression from one's youthful reading that the is not to derogate the novel. The publisher, people in novels rarely had to work. They did you know, may have meant by “American," a work, it is true; but the hero always dressed for novel written by an American and printed in dinner, and he could be had for a love scene this country! in a shadowy pergola at any hour of the day. Obviously, the adjectives "splendid” and “un- Even when his work and its influence were the successful” were chosen with care. It is un- theme, the spiritual situation was more likely to successful, first of all, because it is not a unit. be presented than the weariness of the hours It is divided into three parts that are three from morning till lunch and from one o'clock stories. In spite of a liberal and often tiresome, till five. English and continental literature still make one think of the dominant leisure classes, genealogy and inheritance, the reader is wholly though always skilful, use of the mechanics of though they may be felt only through their unconvinced that these men and their stories pressure on the laboring man. America is the workaday nation of the world, garish, loud, and are in any way related. Why the author is not successful, despite his clever use of genealogical unrefined. There are almost as many million- aires in the United States as the Russian peasant connectives, is too subtle and complex a subject to be dealt with in anything less than an essay. believes there are, but it is doubtful whether One is generously tempted to excuse him on the there are many who do not spend a great part grounds that he has attempted one of the most of their days at a desk. And whether judged difficult feats in fiction, until one remembers the fairly or not, the millionaire is notoriously bo- impressiveness of “The Way of All Flesh.” vine as regards the "finer shades.” The work When the first part of the book has been finished, of making millions has completely coarsened him. and a brilliant piece of work it is, the disappoint- The three black Pennys are three men of one ment at discovering that one is to know no family, separated by generations but bound by more of Howat Penny and Ludowika, that one a strain of melancholy, "black blood,” which has finished a short story, is so discouraging that gives them the appellation. All three are in- heritors of the Penny iron mills and wealth. patience must be coaxed to return. Jasper Pen- This offers what seems to be, and is, a typically ny's story follows, and it has a hard time indeed American background; but the characters are making a place for itself in the mind of the in it and not of it. Gilbert Penny, the founder reader who has become fond of Howat, Ludo- of the iron business and the only one who gives wika, and the whole first Penny family. But it his life in true American fashion to its develop- finally does so, because of the author's vivid ment, is merely the father of the first of the presentation of human psychology. At this stage, three "black" Pennys. His successors are all in fact, forgiveness is the feeling one has, until men of complete leisure, of genuine culture and the same experience must be gone through again wealth, free to do as they please and breathe an with the third story. It is too much. One de- atmosphere of aristocracy decidedly European. termines to tell everyone, including the author, All the men and women of the story, indeed, that this is not a novel, but three short stories. are 644 [December 20 THE DIAL Contributing also to the ultimate failure of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS the work as a novel is a smaller flaw, a flaw, ARIZONA THE WONDERLAND. By George however, that is cumulative in its effect upon Wharton James. Page; $3.50. the reader who likes Mr. Hergesheimer's people. Arizona's signal claim to publicity has rested This flaw has been mentioned. The characters these many years solely on the Grand Canyon. move in the setting as though it were a mere We learn from the book before us that it can stage back-drop. It might even be said that boast of other wonders of nature. George they move hither and thither through it with Wharton James's self-imposed, and not altogether no more effect upon themselves than if it were unsuccessful, task is to establish the truth of his air and mist. At first the reader's feeling is too statement that “With but one exception—the vague to be called even a suspicion. Little by ocean-Arizona has everything that has rendered little he finds that these people really live in an California so world-famed, with the addition of abstract world, that they could be taken from many scenic, geologic, ethnologic, and archeologic features that California does not possess." It their setting without changing their fates in would seem that Mr. James knows his Arizona the least. Not one of the Penny men is really as well as the California of which he has written affected by the iron mills; the wealth that affects so much, for in defence of his enthusiasm he them comes from the mills, but the money might says: “Of course I shall be accused of 'fine writ- have been inherited from perfect strangers and ing. I always am, by men who have not seen their stories would have been the same. This what I am writing about. How foolish for those independence of the atmosphere of the surround- who know not to criticize the endeavors of those ings extends even to the weather. The moods, who do.” the thoughts, the spirits of the various char- Too bulky for a guide book, too discursive for acters are in no way changed by those minute quick reference, the work nevertheless makes influences which make up so large a part of the pleasant and often informative reading. After "Glimpses of the Land,” in which the reader is mosaic of life. Memories of the exquisite blend- taken in imagination on a sketchy trip over the ing of man and nature by such men as Mere- whole state, the remainder of the book satisfies the dith, Maupassant, and Flaubert flood into the curiosity thus aroused by developing more inten- reviewer's mind. sively the subjects enumerated. Of especial inter- The virtue of the book is its psychology, its est are the facts relating to the various tribes of delineation of the minds and souls of these peo- Indians, among whom the author has spent much time, studying their ceremonies, their ways of ple. For this it deserves the adjective "splen- living, and their histories. He concludes that the did.” And lest the reader of the review be un- ancient cliff-dwellers are to be identified with desirably biased by a comparison of the space the present-day Pueblo Indians. We learn of the devoted to praise and blame, let me say un- existence of ruins that do not come within the ken equivocally that the book is worth reading. One of any but the specialist; one of them, Betatakin, hands it on immediately to one's best friend, and with Nonnezoshie, a great natural arch rising gives the friend full permission to do the same. above it, was seen for the first time by a white man in 1909. In the White Mountains, the Every person in the book lives, lives in his or author says, new dwellings are often brought to her small time with an attraction not incom- light, and there are still many that have yet to parable to that of some of the great characters be discovered. in fiction. At times you forget the words and The industrial and intellectual phases of Ari- paper, you sympathize to the point of embarrass- zona life are also recorded, so that the book is ment. This is no small accomplishment for a comprehensive in its scope. It is likewise a well- writer, and it is Mr. Hergesheimer's. There furnished volume, illustrated with a dozen color- plates besides many other pictures and a map. are flaws, but one of them is not false or super- ficial psychology. You are surprised not by what POLITICS AND PERSONALITIES. By the Right the people say, but by the fact that they say just Hon. G. W. E. Russell. Scribner; $2.25. what they should say. They react in normal, The book itself is thoroughly engaging. It is vivid, vital ways. In the world of fiction-pup- one of those comfortable books which one can pets such individuals stand out with all the at- take up at odd moments with the assurance that traction of personalities. It is because his people they will prove good moments- a book genial are so “splendid” that one must call the novel without loss of seriousness, thoughtful without being profound, and (grateful virtue) contempo- unsuccessful. B. I. KINNE. rary without being harrowing. The politics that 1917] 645 THE DIAL arresting visions, no thrilling beauties, no stirring agonies. It is true that the finest poetry in the world deals with the oldest things in the world. The dreadfulness of war, the dearness of home, the glory of a goal seen through a mist of blood and tears, these are close enough to men's hearts to be at the root of poetry. But neither good subject-matter nor the will to self-expression, alone or together, can create art. And that inti- mate wedding of the sensitive and the communi- cative which results in fine art can occur even when the form is as old as iambic tetrameter. For all this versifier's sentiments, he has no pas- sions. He expresses in traditional way tradi- tional feelings. His is neither the wilfulness of original emotion nor the unique significance of an original manner. Indeed, he lacks even the tradition of his tradition: the note of Tenny- sonian lyrism. Mr. Russell is concerned with is current English politics, the personalities are mostly present-day political personalities—both judged from the van- tage of a man read in history and reared in the society of the high Victorians. Everywhere the author is sure-tempered; everywhere he is shrewd and humane; everywhere he sees Britishly. His analysis of the duties of representatives, where conscience and constituency are at odds ("M. P. or Delegate?"); his reasoned assertion of the political influence of the British monarch ("The Whigs and the Constitution"); his characteriza- tion of John Bull as a type that is passing ("John Bull in Ireland”)—these are samples of topics that exact attention; and with them such judg- ments as, “England remains the most religious country in Europe"; "the true spring of oratory is the old Holy Well of Romance"-said, con- cerning "Demagogues," with Lloyd George in the category; or, "the pitifullest and meanest outcry which can be uttered is the outcry of the well-to-do classes against expenditure on the instruction of the poor. But, after all, it is not the book, it is the author that stirs the imagination. Is he, as a type, doomed to pass along with old John Bull? The propertied Liberal, political both by nature and opportunity; the aristocrat, unostentatious but family-conscious; the Oxford man, who moves in the classics without apparatus and remembers Jowett; the churchman, familiar with the prob- lems of the mind and capable of setting his own intelligent appraisal upon the thing we call sci- ence (“The Dark Side of Science”)—combine such qualities with humor and humanity, honor and chivalry, all sanely proportioned, and you will limn such a portrait as Mr. Russell all unconsciously draws of himself in his essays, rich in reminiscence but awake to the present hour. No one need expect to find in “Politics and Per- sonalities" solutions for the great political prob- lems of the near future, nor are they likely to be solved by men of its author's type: the times are cataclysmic, and experience cast in Victorian moulds cannot be their measure. But it is not the least poignant of our qualms to fear lest the cataclysm shall have swept from the future the possibility of perpetuating this same fine type of the political man. LETTERS ABOUT SHELLEY. Interchanged by Three Friends—Edward Dowden, Rich- ard Garnett, and William Michael Rossetti. Edited, with an Introduction, by R. S. Gar- nett. Doran; $2. "Writing maketh an exact man,” says Bacon. Behind any good biography or any carefully established text is hidden an amount of labor on minutiæ that is both amazing and depressing. Yet this scholarly research need not be dryasdust; it may be accompanied by noble enthusiasm and the spirit of unselfish sacrifice. Both the toil and the generosity of scholars are illustrated in the volume which Mr. R. S. Garnett has edited. The book is valuable, besides, to lovers of Shelley. It comprises the greater part of the correspond- ence of three notable authorities on the poet, pre- sents their discussions in detail from 1869 to 1906, and reflects the broad-minded interest of each in literature and life in general. Of the three, Richard Garnett was first to win recog- nition as an authority on Shelley. He hoped some day to write the poet's biography; but crowded with duties at the British Museum, and drawn by the force of circumstances into other literary undertakings, he never found the neces- sary leisure. To him Rossetti, himself become known for painstaking research, presently applied for assistance in a memoir. So unstinted was the response that a firm friendship between the two men resulted. After a time Rossetti called Gar- nett's attention to “a Whitman enthusiast Edward Dowden." Before long Dowden in turn was studying Shelley and corresponding with Garnett about a multitude of details. Sir Percy Shelley, now hopeless of securing Garnett's serv- ices, invited Dowden to write the official biogra- phy. The invitation was accepted; still more rigorous investigation was made necessary, and an intensified correspondence between Dowden DAYS OF DESTINY. By R. Gorell Barnes. Longmans, Green; $1. Another book of war verse comes from a young author, now member of the Rifle Brigade. It is written by following, unconsciously perhaps, the familiar patterns. In ordinary orderly metrical rhymes the writer celebrates "The Path of Hon- our," "The Cliffs of England," "The Fall of Namur.” The verse is neither beautiful nor poor; it is merely commonplace. There are no 646 December 20 THE DIAL and Garnett was begun. The letters of this period the Pacific. His wide view of international re- are the most valuable of the collection. They lations of the past four hundred years may well offer no sweeping revelations about Shelley, for enlarge the horizon of many a casual reader. A the sufficient reason that their discoveries have brief but careful survey of California history already been embodied in published works. But down to 1850 is included, and Horace Davis their arguments pro and con and their numerous contributes a paper on the “Home Guard" of citations of elusive evidence make them useful 1861. for reference. The most important general fact to be elicited from them is that of Dowden's The CAMBRIDGE History Of AMERICAN independence of the poet's family. It has been LITERATURE. Vol. I. Edited by William supposed that he deferred too much to Sir Percy Peterfield Trent, John Erskine, Stuart P. Shelley. These letters show clearly that he fol- Sherman, and Carl Van Doren. Putnam; lowed his own opinion in essentials, though at $3.50. times he softened mere expressions, and was This work, the first volume of which is just always open to suggestions from the magnani- issued, purposes doing for American literature in mous Garnett. three volumes what the Cambridge History of English Literature has done for the older coun- THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN HISTORY. Edited try in fourteen. The editors believe that to write by H. Morse Stephens and Herbert E. Bol- the intellectual history of America from the mod- ton. Macmillan ; $4. ern æsthetic standpoint would be to miss precisely Among the meetings held at the Panama- what makes it significant among modern liter- Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco atures. A people that devoted its main energies in 1915 was that of the Panama Pacific Histori- to exploration, settlement, labor for sustenance, cal Congress. This volume, “The Pacific Ocean religion, and statecraft had no time and no in History," contains a record of that congress, disposition to pursue art for art's sake. Yet and in title indicates the scope of the historical conditions which operated unfavorably for the interests represented. Edited by H. Morse development of poetry and fiction were "no seri- Stephens and Herbert E. Bolton, the work is ous handicap to the production of a prose com- assured the careful attention of scholars, par- petently recording their practical activities and ticularly when each finds included under the expressing their moral, religious, and political comprehensive but vague appellation papers in his ideas." This view once adopted, the work of own special field. There are twenty-four papers Jonathan Edwards is indeed worth more than upon subjects more or less remotely connected some imitative didactic poem in heroic couplets, with the “Pacific Ocean Area.” They are divided and "The Federalist" of more account than con- into six sections, (1) “The Philippine Islands temporary attempts at novel-writing. The pres- and their History as a part of the History of ent volume, therefore, is largely taken up by the the Pacific Ocean Area,” (2) “The Northwest- theologians and political writers of the eighteenth ern States, British Columbia, and Alaska in century—though there is an opening chapter on their Relation with the Pacific Ocean," (3) early travellers and explorers. This part of the Spanish-America and the Pacific Ocean," (4) volume has also a fine, upstanding chapter on "California," (5) "New Mexico and Arizona," Franklin, by Professor Sherman, of Urbana. and (6) “Japan and Australasia.” Indicative of Later on, due attention is bestowed upon Irving, the range of the papers read in these sections Cooper, Bryant, and Emerson, the latter section may be cited “The Western Ocean as a Deter- being handled by Paul Elmer More. A chapter minant in Oregon History," "British Influence on transcendentalism, introducing this, is by Pro- in Mexico, 1822-26," "French Intrusions in New fessor Goddard, of Swarthmore College. It is Mexico, 1749,” and “Japan's Early Attempts to Establish Commercial Relations with Mexico." one of the best pieces of work in the volume, but its title, curiously enough, is omitted from the Ten of the papers are by representatives of the table of contents. There are also pages on the University of California, and fourteen are in the field of Spanish-American history. The volume early essayists, dramatists, poets, and historians- is largely a University of California product, the who were, of course, mostly imitative echoes from the days of Queen Anne. result of the combined energies of Professor Stephens in his managerial capacity and of Pro- Of the 584 pages of the volume, 200 are taken fessor Bolton in his remarkably productive sem- up by a laborious bibliography. Now that the inary. foundations of the history are laid, perhaps the Much of the book is not of interest to the superstructure will exhibit a lighter and more layman. But this is not true of the opening ad- attractive aspect. One would welcome a smaller dress of Professor Stephens, in which he dis- measure of compilation and a larger manifesta- courses upon the conflict of European Nations in tion of the critical and the appreciatory. 1917] 647 THE DIAL NOTES ON NEW FICTION twenty years, while she supported the son she had sent away from her. It is a fine opportunity The republication of Mr. E. W. Howe's for pathos, and the author may be counted on "Story of a Country Town" (Harper; $1.50) to make the most of it. will call the attention of many people perhaps for the first time to what is undoubtedly one In “The Youth Plupy, or The Lad with a Downy Chin" (Houghton Mifflin; $1.35), of the most remarkable novels ever written in Henry A. Shute records the further adventures, this country. Composed thirty-five years ago, chiefly amatory, of the hero-author of "The Real in the spare moments of a lonely Kansas editor's Diary of a Real Boy." Whether considered as life, the book has had a continuous circulation, a study of adolescence, as a story about boys for though with a curiously submerged reputation. It somehow never got itself into the canon of grown-ups, as a book of delicious humor, or as so much additional information about that com- American classics, to which it so rightfully be- pellingly interesting lad, Plupy, this episodical longs. Perhaps this is because it defies all the laws of what is generally supposed to be congenial narrative, which reaches its climax in a pair of good old-fashioned fist-fights, is capital reading- to the American imagination. It is austere and first-class for the fag-end of a weary day. slightly ironic in tone; it pictures a stagnant and more or less defeated pioneer countryside; it has "The Love Letters of St. John" (Kennerley; no trace of moralism; and it is distinctly pessi- $1.25), forty-seven in number, subjectively re- mistic in its outlook. There is nowhere the late the suppositive love story of the Apostle popular American theme of redemption. The John and Antione, one of the Greek hetæræ. incredibly pathetic and tragic story of Jo Ewing The burden of St. John's communications is moves to its dramatic close without the allevia- that “the Word that he spake unto us, the God tion of sentimentality. There is about the book that he showed and declared unto us, is only a good deal of the remorseless fate that we feel Love. There is no other power and this is the in the "Spoon River Anthology.” This young life of every living thing. It is the Word that novelist pierced through the layers of optimism was made flesh and dwelt among us. It is the and mawkishness that popular writers are apt bread of life, the only door into the Sheepfold, to smother American life in, and told the cold the only rock on which to build, the only way and arid truth about his environment as he saw of salvation for the world .” Antione's it. It is a realism colored by a pale romantic replies sigh for the vanished "fragrance of that glow, and by a singularly sustained mood of wondrous hour" of love. Obviously, the Apostle resignation. This story suggests nothing but is constantly talking about the love that is of the itself. The names of some of the characters Father, while Antione speaks of love only in suggest an allegorical intention, but the allegory terms of the flesh. It is not surprising, there- is not insistent. The plot has an intensity of fore, that the liaison ends in tragedy, which John feeling and an almost classic contour that one attempts to ameliorate by sardonically assuring Xenia, the love-child of Antione and a former associates with no other American novel. The style is extraordinarily simple, flowing, and vigor- paramour, that "greater love hath no man than ous, perfectly adapted to the primitive emotional this, that he lay down his life for those who are life and relations it describes. The touching The touching only his friends.” The follower of Dionysus will find little in the volume to take seriously. naïveté of the narration brings out all of these qualities. There is hardly anything about the The obvious and the sentimental are well dis- book that is not an anomaly. Strangest of all guised in "The Inner Door," by Alan Sullivan perhaps is the fact that the story was much (Century; $1.35). The sincerity of the author appreciated by the American reviewers when it is one factor in the disguise, his fair characteriza- came out, and the first edition, as Mr. Howells tion and his utilization of the subjects of the reports in his preface, was sold out in the very day are others. They are likely to carry the community where the story was produced and reader along on a high tide of interested accep- about which it was written. Its renaissance now tance. But if one considers his story carefully, is a fortunate event. the fact becomes clear that he has presented only The sentimentality in which the novelist the more obvious questions in the conflict between clothes the woman who has broken convention is labor and capital, the more obvious conflict be- nowadays as conventionally inevitable as the tween real and fancied romance in the heart of actual attitude toward her in real life. Emerson his hero, and that he has thrown about them a Hough in “The Broken Gate” (Appleton; sentimental glamour that no amount of force- $1.50) does not deviate from that narrow path ful writing can conceal. The book is a good of fictional possibility. The mother of Don Lane, example of the so-called better type of American instead of leaving the town where she was novel with which the general reading public is known, bravely lived there, as a milliner, for wont to satisfy itself. 6 648 (December 20 THE DIAL CASUAL COMMENT tion bestowed on the Jewish nation. It is, there- fore, a source of gratification to all liberals that Those WHO READ ONLY THE HEADLINES AND the British government has pledged its support to THE EDITORIAL COMMENT in the daily press must the "establishment in Palestine of a national have got a singularly inadequate notion of the homeland for the Jewish people.” After two President's message to Congress. As usual, the thousand years of exile not only from his own editors took considerable pains to veil as far as land but from the community of nations as well, possible Mr. Wilson's incorrigible idealism, which the Jew is given the encouragement of recogni- they appear to regard as an inexplicable bias to be tolerated rather than a programme to be tion. The sincerity of liberalism is certified. The adopted. In particular, they fear anything like world could reap no greater reward for granting a candid and specific statement of what we expect the Jew opportunity to develop his culture freely to win by the war, and the whole of the Presi- than the gift of that culture itself. In this serv- dent's clear and frank sketching of our construc- ice lies the responsibility of the Jewish people, in Palestine and elsewhere. tive purpose was generally ignored as irrelevant and premature if not visionary—and that, too, in spite of his home thrust about Russia, whose THE “CASE" OF NIETZSCHE continues to oc- present plight is a standing reproach to Allied statesmanship. What could more convincingly cupy the Paris reviews. Obviously, it would be naïve to link him with Bernhardi, Treitschke, show the costliness of an evasive and doubtful and the other howling dervishes of the "Deutsch- attitude to the fundamental issues of the war than land über Alles" cult. He shared their hopes no the loss of Russia's effective coöperation and the more than their illusions as to the German mis- alienation of her sympathy? If suspicion could sion; on the contrary, he was a "good European," have been allayed by plain speech and a policy who saw in that névrose nationale which fas- outlined that was untainted by self-seeking and tened itself on his countrymen after the Franco- purely nationalistic ambitions, the President Prussian War only the sacrifice of the German believes that the present chaos might have been mind to the German Empire and the impending averted. At least there was a chance, of which death of culture. Nothing more easily roused a flexible statesmanship, awake to the strategic his fury than the religion of nationalism. For value of candor in dealing with democratic the petty state system which has to plant itself masses, would have hastened to avail itself. The "between two hatreds" to keep from collapsing, President's stressing of this point and his feeling he had nothing but scorn, and he was filled with that, in spite of the apathy of the press, he has the holy rage of the philosopher in the presence the support of plain men in his hopes for a peace of all the fatuities and follies that accompanied based on give and take, a peace which cannot be the growth of the national vanity in Germany. established without concessions on the part of the Small danger of his mistaking the joyous Junkers victors as well as the vanquished, show once more for Overmen. There is, in fact, an exquisite his gift for interpreting the real national will. irony in the fact that the writings of this fas- tidious and perverse solitary should have played IN CHRISTIAN COUNTRIES, for more centuries their part in helping to spread a culture which than it is heartening to count, the barometer of he loathed as the very negation of spiritual social liberalism has been the position of the values, as something heavy and uninspired, a Jews. The treatment of this people has become grotesque mingling of tasteless borrowings and the gauge of social progress since the exclusion bungling imitation. He prided himself most of Jews from the common life of Europe in the on remaining an alien among the German people and carrying his admirations elsewhere-chiefly fourth century. Step by step they have gained to France. He even turned the Germans he entrance again into the comity of nations, and admired into foreigners in order to admire them their advance has kept pace with the growth of freedom among the Christian peoples themselves. comfortably. Wagner is a case in point; Wag- The test of the French Revolution's "rights of ner the “opposite and the incarnate contradic- tion of all 'German virtues.' In the French man" was the rights of the individual Jew; and he saw the only modern people who had pro- in the last century western Europe has gradually duced a genuine culture, and in the last book he met and passed the test. The test of the Russian wrote he was betrayed into ludicrous excesses of revolution will be in a measure the same. If it is praise for the French genius. These, to be sure, passed, the individual Jew will practically every- were the lengthening shadows of the sunset; but where be a citizen. Above individual rights, they were extensions rather than deflections of however, stand national rights. International his lifelong bias, which showed a constantly democracy, the rights of nations great or small, growing exasperation with the German mind and can be, perhaps must be, measured by the recogni- a derisive amusement at the antics of the "poor 19171 649 THE DIAL bear" attempting to dance to the tune of civiliza- NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES tion. The French are certainly right to feel that [Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad- they cannot afford to throw Nietzsche over; he dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be is the most fanatical modern spokesman for their pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.) culture. And as for the Germans, if they are The Anderson Galleries opened their new home able to read a flattering account of their national at Park Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, New York, aspirations into the works of Nietzsche, then on December 10 by a sale of a collection of English Nietzsche is right in his valuation of the German literature, early and modern, consigned by Henry mind. E. Huntington from his famous library. The books were selections and duplicates and comprised almost SINCE THE EFFORTS OF THE ENERGETIC MR. five hundred works. A number of them were for- HEARST to make literature hum among us have merly in the collections of Henry W. Poor, Beverly Chew, E. Dwight Church, and Frederick R. Hal- been crowned with complete success, what could sey; others were in the Robert Hoe, Henry Huth, be more remarkable than the humility with and Marshall C. Lefferts libraries. which he views his triumphs? He gives no evi- George D. Smith paid $440 for a first edition of dence of elation, much less of surprise. His Roger Ascham's “Toxophilus, the schole of Shoot- formula for success is simplicity itself, as he inge conteyned in two books," London, 1545, in admits in the case of one of his most popular black leather, in binding by Riviere, the Frederick magazines. It is to establish an honorable monop- R. Halsey copy, not in the Hoe, Huth, or McKee oly of "the luminous figure of every man or collections. James F. Drake gave $360 for the woman in the world who has attained the apex same author's “Schole Master, or plaine and perfite of artistic achievement. . . The singers and the way of teaching children,” London, 1570, first edi- poets and the philosophers, the dreamers and tion, in binding by Riviere. Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Cameron,” London, 1620, first edition in Eng- the doers who have reached the mountain lish, in binding by Riviere, went to Mr. Smith for height. The goodly company of rare spirits $525. "Barnabees Journal," by Richard Brath- whom all the world recognizes for their rarity." waite, London, 1638, first edition, in binding by To make the best also the most popular is a prob- F. Bedford, the Beverly Chew copy, went to Mr. lem that has worried sociologists, but it does not Drake for $400. He also bought for $456 "The worry Mr. Hearst. His simple, democratic faith Crown of all Homer's Works Batrachomyomachia, allows him to reverse the formula and establish or the Battaile of Frogs and Mise. His Hymns and Epigrams," translated by George Chapman, popularity as the true criterion of the best. folio, first edition, London, 1624, in binding by Riviere, the Halsey copy. Gabriel Wells obtained for $475 “The Workes of Geffray Chaucer,” Lon- THE FEAR OF LIBRARIES is becoming one of don, 1532, the first collected edition of Chaucer's the commonest forms of modern neurosis. Even "Works," and the only book with a date issued by casual readers are likely to have a touch of it, Thomas Godfrey, the Beverly Chew copy. though it may amount to nothing more than an "Thomas Churchyard's Challenge," London, occasional shudder in the presence of mountain- 1593, first edition, the Utterson-Frederick Locker- ous heaps of books which they have never read Beverly Chew copy, was knocked down to Mr. and never hope to read. After wandering for Drake for $560. Mr. Smith paid $680 for Abraham half an hour among the stacks, they will be Cowley's “Poetical Blossomes," London, 1633, first seized by paralysis of the will and rush into the edition of Cowley's first production, in binding by open air_to escape the necessity of making a Riviere, the Beverly Chew copy. "A Pretie New choice. But the chief sufferer is the specialist, Enterlude with pithie and pleasaunt of the Story since he is constantly browbeaten not by books of Kyng Daryus," London, 1565, first edition, only alone, but by magazines and reviews as well. five copies known, the Devonshire copy, was bought His learning may be prodigious; he may have ab- for $525 by the Rosenbach Company, of Philadel- sorbed whole libraries; but if he has missed the phia. Mr. Drake gave $310 for "The Scourge of Folly," by John Davies of Hereford, London, 1610, newest pamphlet or overlooked the latest book- first edition, in binding by Riviere, containing ref- review, he is no longer abreast of his subject. It is a fear capable of robbing him of all courage erences to Shakespeare. The same bidder paid $305 for “The Famous History of Sir Thomas and peace of mind, and the resulting irritation is Wyat," by Thomas Dekker, London, 1607, first likely to disturb the peace of his family. The re- edition, the Henry Huth copy; $390 for the same volt of the futurists and the vorticists is partly author's “Aroia-Nova Triumphans,” London, 1612, an attempt to escape from the neurosis of first edition; and $300 for "Godfrey of Bulloigne," libraries and museums and to vindicate the right translated by Edward Fairfax, London, 1600, the to life and the pursuit of happiness of even an first English edition, in binding by Gruel. ignorant ego. It is a reaching out for liberty, Walter M. Hill, of Chicago, obtained for $290 and however grotesque the means may seem, the Sir Geoffrey Fenton's "Certaine Tragicall Dis- impulse itself is sacred. courses written oute of Frenche and Latin," Lon- 650 [December 20 THE DIAL “AT MCCLURG’S” It is of interest and importance to Librarians to know that the books reviewed and advertised in this magazine can be par- chased from us at advantageous prices by Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges and Universities In addition to these books we have an exceptionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers - a more complete as- sortment than can be found on the shelves of any other book- store in the entire country. We solicit correspondence from librarians unacquainted with our facilities. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago don, 1567, first edition, in binding by Riviere. “A Pleasant Conceyted Comedie of George a Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield,” by Robert Greene, Lon- don, 1599, first edition, the Henry Huth copy and apparently the only copy recorded as being sold at auction here and in Great Britain, went to the Rosenbach Company for $710. Mr. Smith paid $410 for the first edition of “The Temple,”_by George Herbert, Cambridge, 1633; $500 for "The Spider and the Flie," by John Heywood, London, 1556, first edition; and $300 for the “Woorkes of John Heywood," London, 1563, first edition, in binding by Stikeman. Mr. Drake gave $370 for "Seianus, his Fall," by Ben Jonson, London, 1605, the Robert Hoe copy. Mr. Smith obtained for $500 the same author's "Chloridia. Rites to Chloris and her Nymphs,” London, 1630, first edition. “The Massacre at Paris,” by Christopher Mar- lowe, London, no date, first edition, the Devonshire copy, with autograph inscription by John Philip Kemble, the actor, went to Mr. Drake for $525. Mr. Smith paid $450 for "An Excellent Tragedy," by John Mason, London, 1632, and $2750 for the first edition of John Milton's "Lycidas," Canta- brigia, 1638, the Brayton Ives-Lefferts-Halsey copy. The Rosenbach Company gave $375 for the first edition of “The Downfall and Death of Robert, Earle of Huntington, afterward call Robin Hood," London, 1601, the Huth copy. Mr. Smith obtained for $360 “The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia," by Sir Philip Sidney, London, 1593. “The Faerie Queene,” by Edmund Spenser, first edition, London, 1596, went to Ernest Dressel North for $975. Mr. Drake paid $430 for Edmund Spenser's “Fowre Hymnes,” London, 1596. "Songs and Sonnets," by Henry Howard, Earle of Surrey, London, 1585, went to Mr. Smith for $625. Mr. Drake obtained for $525 “The Rocke of Regard," by George Whet- stone, London, 1576. The highest price of the day, $3450, was paid by the Rosenbach Company for "A Refutation of Deism, in a dialogue,” London, 1814, the first edition of the rarest of Percy Bysshe Shelley's writings. The afternoon session brought $25,403 and the evening session $20,227.50, a grand total of $45,680.50. Americana from Mr. Huntington's library was sold on December 11. A sale of Americana by Charles F. Heartman, 36 Lexington Avenue, New York, on November 30, brought a total of $3136.25. The highest price, $305, was paid by J. Goldsmith for a manuscript of two_pages, folio, New York, May, 1822, by Philip Freneau, about a new, correct and elegant edition of his “Poems and Miscellanies," three oc- tavo volumes, at three dollars. This edition for some reason was never brought out. Mr. Gold- smith also gave $220 for a three-page letter by Freneau, dated May 15, 1815, and $180 for an- other letter dated May 14, 1822. It is said that no autograph letter by Freneau has appeared before in the auction market, and that only two private sales of a letter by him are known. Both of the present letters refer to an edition of his poems. In one he mentions Thomas Paine, Dr. Hosack, and other notable persons of the day, satirizes the PRESIDENT WILSON in' a recent address described the Bagdad Rail- way project as “The Heart of the Matter." THE WAR AND THE BAGDAD RAILWAY The Story of Asia Minor and Its Relation to the Present Conflict By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., Ph.D., LL.D. 14 illustrations and a map. Cloth, $1.50 net. This is a Different Kind of War Book This is a different kind of war book but one of the utmost importance by an authority on Eastern civilization. Professor Jastrow takes up a subject that has not been covered in the war literature of today. The story of the Bagdad Highway is roman- tic and fascinating. The possession of it has always determined the fate of the East. Europe is fighting for its control today just as the Persians, Romans, Greeks, Arabs, and Turks fought for it in the past. To understand its importance and the relation it bears to our civilization is to understand one of the underlying causes of the war, and one to which the utmost consideration must be given at the Peace Settlement. Professor Jastrow's prophetic look into the future will be of intense interest to serious stu- dents of the problems of the war. No less important and thrilling is the story of Asia Minor, here told in the author's lucid style from ancient days to our time. The history of the region illuminates the world wide significance of the railway. The care- fully selected illustrations are a feature, as is also the comprehensive map of the Near East, in which both the ancient and modern names of the important places are indicated. AT ALL BOOKSTORES J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA 1 1917] 651 THE DIAL society of New York and refers to a poem on the repulse of the British at New Orleans. “The Pro- posals for a Monmouth Newspaper Francis Thompson The Monmouth Gazette... New York, Febru- Essays by BENJAMIN FISHER ary 15, 1791, Philip Freneau," one page, large folio, "A work of real art and merit." went to Curtis Walters for $140. It is the only With portraits and biographical sketches of Francis copy known. The newspaper was not brought out. Thompson and the Author. 12 mo, cloth, gilt; $1.00 net Library sets, first editions, colored plate books, Life Harmonies sporting books, prints, and original drawings by John Leech and Thomas Rowlandson from the Selected poems by BENJAMIN FISHER library of the late James Buchanan Brady, widely Author of Francis Thompson Essays. “Lyrics and nature poems of purity and power." known as “Diamond Jim Brady,” and from other 12 mo, cloth, gilt, $1.00 net. sources, sold at the American Art Galleries, New York, on December 6 and 7, brought a grand total FRANKLIN PUBLISHING COMPANY of $28,051.50. There were three sessions and 613 CANTON, OHIO lots. The highest price was $725, paid by Gabriel Wells for "Čuvres Completes" of Voltaire, with both sets of the celebrated plates by Moreau, Paris, JUST ISSUED 1785-89, and other works about Voltaire (75 vol- umes in all), in binding by Bozerian Jeune, and by the General Education Board extra-illustrated by the insertion of fine plates after Gravelot. “Latin and the A. B. Degree" Mr. Wells paid $120 for "Sporting Sketches" By Charles W. Eliot with colored plates by Henry Alken, London, 1817- 18. L. Wilmerding gave $440 for "The National “The Worth of Ancient Litera- Sports of Great Britain,” with colored plates by Alken, London, 1821. George D. Smith obtained ture to the Modern World” for $180 the "Melton Mowbray Hunt," with col- ored plates by Alken, London, 1822. Curtis Wal- By Viscount Bryce ters bought for $490 “The Annals of Sporting and Copies of these papers may be obtained by Fancy Gazette," colored plates by Alken, London, addressing the General Education Board, 1822-28. "A Melange of Humor," 1823-24, with 61 Broadway, New York City colored plates by Alken, went to Mr. Wells for $100. He also bought for $105 six original draw- ings in pencil and water colors by the same artist. The same bidder obtained for $210 the “Beaux Where to Sell Manuscripts Arts Classics," Paris, undated, printed throughout on Japanese vellum paper and limited to twenty By W. L. Gordon copies. Charles Scribner's Sons gave $135 for Book gives names, ad- "Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux," by M. de Buffon, dresses and wants of over Paris, 1780-86. They also paid $175 for the orig- one hundred publishers buy- inal edition of Richard F. Burton's translation of ing short stories, serials, the "Arabian Nights,” printed by the Kamashastra poems, special articles, etc. Society. The Denver, Colorado, reissue of this Invaluable to every aspir- ing author. Write for full work went to Mr. Wells for $180. He also paid descriptive circular. $150 for "Military Uniform, adopted by the Royal Army of Sweden,” by Baron Frederick Eben, Lon- THE STANDARD PUBLISHING COMPANY don, 1808. Desk 38, Cincinnati, O. Stan V. Henkels held an interesting sale of auto- graphs on November 28, at 1304 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. P. F. Madigan paid $30 for a letter by John Adams, Paris, April 13, 1785, to Elbridge Gerry about the choice of American Ministers abroad. A letter by Samuel Adams, Boston, March 13, 1774, (LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents) to Elbridge Gerry about the riots at Marblehead, brought $72.50. A letter by Charles Carroll, of New Catalogue of Meritorious Books Carrollton, April 6, 1797, about the financial con- Now Ready dition of Robert Morris and James Wilson, went AMERICAN BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS sent to for $21. A letter by Benjamin Franklin, July 22, any address, here or abroad 1778, to James Lovell, brought $110. A letter by DIRECT IMPORTATION FROM ALL ALLIED AND John Hancock, June 29, 1775, to Elbridge Gerry, NEUTRAL COUNTRIES sold for $32, and a letter by Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen- LEMCKE & BUECHNER (Established 1848) dence, went for $21. A letter by Joseph Hewes, 30-32 W. 27th Street, New York April 21, 1777, to George Hooper, went for $300. WHERE TO SELL MANUSCRIPTS WL.Gordon 9) Columbia University Press 652 [December 20 THE DIAL NOTES AND NEWS F. M. HOLLY Author' and Publisher' Representativo 156 Fifth Avonio, New York (Established 1905) LIBJ AND FULL APORILLATION VILL BB SENT ON REQUEST The index to the current volume is now ready and will be sent post paid to those readers who wish to receive it, provided they will send in their request within thirty days. This index is included in the library copies of The Dial, but it is the publisher's impression that few others will be interested in receiving an index and he feels justified in saving white paper under existing conditions. THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., New York City ANNA PARMLY PARET 291 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK After many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers, Miss Paret offers to criticise and revise manuscripts for writers. Fees reasonable. Termas sent on application. Contributors to the present issue: Richard Offner has had the advantage of close association with the work of Bernhard Berenson. He is at present giving courses on the history of art at the University of Chicago. Amy Wellington is a young New York critic and journalist who was formerly on the staff of “Cur- rent Opinion.” Rose Henderson is a resident of Silver City, New Mexico. Louis Untermeyer is known as a writer both of verse and criticism. He is the author of "The Younger Quire," "First Love," and "Challenge." Helen Gardner is a lecturer on art at the Uni- versity of Chicago. Among Vida D. Scudder's numerous works are “Socialism and Character," "A Listener in Babel,” and "Social Ideals in English Letters.” B. I. Kinne is a member of the department of Romance Languages at the University of Wis- consin. A CATALOGUE of books and pamphlets relating to the Civil War, Slavery and the South (including a number of scarce Confederate items) will be sent to collectors on request. W. A. GOUGH, 25 WEST 420 STREET, NEW YORK " “From Bull Run to Appomattox-A Boy's View Luther W. Hopkins, Author and Publisher, Baltimore, Md. Third Edition. $1.35, incl. postage. Special Rates to Schools and Libraries. A Soldier's reminiscence of his experience in the Confederate Cavalry under Gen'l J. E. B. Stuart. Endorsed by the American Library Association. "It is vivid and interesting. Its value is indisputable." The late Chas. Francis Adams, of Boston. “I wish every boy of the South could read it." Chas. W. Hubner, of Carnegie Library Staff, Atlanta, Ga. - For the Book Lover Rare books - First edi- . now out C. Gerhardt, 25 W. 420 St., New York logue sent on request. of print. Latest Cata- new THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. announce their NEW CLEARANCE CATALOGUE 1918 Edition Showing their greatly reduced prices on hundreds of books of all kinds, including many of recent issue. SENT ON REQUEST THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. Wholesale Dealers in the Books of All Publishers 354 Fourth Ave. NEW YORK At Twenty-Sixth Street Appletons have just published a community masque from the pen of Percy Mackaye entitled “The Evergreen Tree.” Little, Brown & Company announce that Marga- ret Sherwood's novel of the war, “The Worn Door- step,” has now reached its fifteenth printing. Joseph Pennell's pictures of war work, which are now touring the American art galleries, will shortly be published by the J. B. Lippincott Company. The Brick Row Bookshop of New Haven has just issued an attractive little catalogue containing à selected list of first editions of contemporary writers. Messrs. Frederick A. Stokes and Company announce for early January publication a novel by Gertrude Atherton entitled “The White Morning," and also a novel by Flora A. Steel enti- tled “Mistress of Men.” Other publications will include Cathal O'Byrne's "The Grey Feet of the Wind.” “The Book of the West Indies," by Hyatt Ver- rill, which Messrs. E. P. Dutton have just brought out, offers rather a complete guide to a section of the Western Hemisphere which the author feels is too little appreciated by Americans. The book is the result of several years' residence and explora- tion in the islands. The John C. Winston Company, of Philadelphia, announces that it will enter the school-book field on the first of January. For several years this com- pany has been preparing a series of text-books under the editorship of Dr. William Dodge Lewis, prin- cipal of the William Penn High School, of Phila- > The Mosher Books “At the outset (1891) I wanted to make only a few beautiful books." I am still making beautiful books as my 1917 List will show. This new and revised Catalogue is now ready and will be sent free on request. THOMAS BIRD MOSHER - PORTLAND, MAINE 1917] 653 THE DIAL The Brick Row Book Shop New Haven, Connecticut carries a most representative stock of first editions of modern authors. We supply "firsts" of Henry James, George Moore, Robert Louis Stevenson, Rudyard Kipling, H. G. Wells, Jobn Galsworthy, as well as the works of the minor poets-Eng- lish, Irish, and American. Catalogues and quotations upon request. AMERICANA New Catalogue of 1000 titles, covering a large variety of subjects-mostly of rare books-in- cluding THE WEST, INDIANS, REVOLU- TION, COLONIAL HOUSES and many other interesting topics. Sent free. GOODSPEED'S BOOKSHOP BOSTON, MASS. delphia. James G. Stradling, for many years con- nected with The American Book Company, will be the Sales Manager of this new Educational Depart- ment. Among the publications announced for Janu- ary first are: A Series of Readers, by Sidney G. Firman and Ethel H. Maltby; The Young Ameri- can Readers, by Jane Eayre Fryer; A Series of Community Civics, including "Our Community," by Samuel H. Ziegler; “Our Neighborhood," by John F. Smith; "Citizenship in Philadelphia," by Dr. J. Lynn Barnard. Two books of interest to those who have visited the Orient are Alfred M. Hitchcock's "Over Japan Way” and Alice Tisdale's “Pioneering Where the World is Old,” both recently from the press of Henry Holt and Company. The house in New York in which Ridgely Tor- rence, author of "Granny Maumee" (Macmillan), is now living is rich with literary associations. It was here that William Vaughn Moody lived from 1906 until 1909, and at various times Percy Mac- kaye, Vachel Lindsay, Edwin Arlington Robinson, Padraic Colum, and Rabindranath Tagore have occupied quarters in the same building, which stands on Waverly Place, just off Washington Square. Ensign Wilbur Bassett of the United States Navy is the author of “Wanderships,” which has just been published by the Open Court Company. In this volume he has collected many interesting folk-sto- ries of the sea, with notes upon their origin. Those interested in the Irish renaissance will wel- come the news of the establishment in Dublin of The Talbot Press, which will be devoted entirely to the publication of the works of Irish writers, attention being paid to the format. The new press is under the direction of Mr. W. G. Lyon, who has chosen as his American adviser Mr. Ernest A. Boyd. Mr. Lyon writes us that the political unrest of Ireland seems to have stirred a large amount of dormant literary ability and that almost daily manuscripts are being received which are of more than ordinary merit. Among the titles announced in their attractive catalogue are: “Appreciations and Depreciations" by Ernest A. Boyd; "Anglo- Irish Essays" by John Eglinton; "French Literary Studies" by Professor T. B. Rudmose-Brown; “Lit- erature in Ireland" by Thomas MacDonagh; "Thomas Campion and the Art of Poetry" by Thomas MacDonagh; "The Constitutional and Parliamentary History of Ireland till the Union" by J. G. Swift MacNeill; “Confiscation in Irish History" by William F. T. Butler; "The Ways of War” by T. M. Kettle; “Ireland: Its Saints and Scholars" by J. M. Flood; “A Short History of Ireland” by Constantia Maxwell; “Secret Springs of Dublin Song"; "The Poems of John Francis MacEntee"; "Ireland: A Song of Hope" by Padric Gregory; "The Dream Physician" by Edward Martyn; “Plays of Gods and Men" by Lord Dun- sany; "Spring and Other Plays" by T. C. Murray; "The Kingdom-Maker” by Seosamh O'Neill; "Mud and Purple" by Seumas O'Sullivan; "Un- known Immortals” by Herbert M. Pim; “Waysid- ers" by Seumas O'Kelly; "The Threshold of Quiet" by Daniel Corkery; "Her Irish Heritage" by A. M. P. Smithson. Autograph Letters of Famous People Bought and Sold.-Send lists of what you have. Walter R. Benjamin, 225 Fifth Ave., New York City Publisher of THE COLLECTOR: A Magazine for Autograph Collectors. $1.00. Sample free. IS f you want first editions, limited edi. tions, association books-books of any kind, in fact, address : DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass. TATURAL HISTORY, AMERICANA, OLD PHLETS, PRINTS, AUTOGRAPHS. Send 4c. stamps for big Catalogs—naming specialty. FRANKLIN BOOKSHOP (S. N. Rhoads) 920 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. AUTOGRAPH LETTERS FIRST EDITIONS OUT OF PRINT BOOKS BOUGHT AND SOLD CORRESPONDENCE INVITED CATALOGUES ISSUED ERNEST DRESSEL NORTH 4 East Tbirty-Ninth Street, New York City 654 (December 20 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 60 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] THE PUBLIC F OR Twenty Years The Public has been fighting on behalf of fundamental democracy. It is today the most vital and interesting weekly exponent of con- structive radicalism. Men like Brand Whit- lock, Ray Stannard Baker, William Allen White, William Marion Reedy, and Lin- coln Steffens, read THE PUBLIC because it gives them, every week, editorial ment and information which they find no- where else. com- Some Current Features Ray Stannard Baker on How America Should Treat Russian Liberals. David Starr Jordan on The Future of Alsace Lorraine. Louis F. Post: Peace After the War. BIOGRAPHY. The Life of John Fiske. By John Spencer Clark. Illustrated, 2 volumes, 8vo, 533-523 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boxed. $7.50. Lord Acton's Correspondence. Edited by J. N. Figgis and R. V. Laurence. Volume I. 8vo, 324 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $5. The Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale. By Edward E. Hale, Jr. 2 volumes. With frontis- pieces. 8vo, 390-442 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $5. Life and Letters of Stopford Brooke. By Lawrence Pearsall Jacks. 2 volumes. 12mo, 718 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. Boxed. $4.75. William Penn. By John W. Graham. 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Recognizing that writing may be an art, or a trade, or a profession -what the writer himself makes it-THE EDITOR tries to tell writers, 80 far as such things may be taught, how to write stories, articles, verres and plays, etc. One thing it does, in a way that never has been equalled, is to bring to the attention of writers news of all the opportunities to sell their work. News of current prize competitions is a weekly feature. Editorials on copyright and authors' literary property rights are frequent. P. C. Macfarlane says that THE EDITOR'S lead- ing articles, which usually are written by Charles Leonard Moore, are the best essays on writing being published today. THE EDITOR has a department devoted to let- ter in which successful contemporary writers tell of the genesis, development and writing of certain of their published stories. A yearly subscription (62 weekly numbers) costo $8.00. A four months' trial subscription costs $1.00. Single copies are 10 cts. each. Mark Twain's Letters. Edited by Albert Bigelow Paine. 2 volumes. Illustrated, 12mo, 856 pages. Harper & Bros. $4. Life and Literature. By Lafcadio Hearn. Edited by John Erskine. 8vo, 393 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.50. Le Morte d'Arthur of Sir Thomas Malory and its Sources. By Vida D. Scudder. With frontis- piece, 8vo, 430 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50. Legends and Romances of Brittany. By Lewis Spence. Illustrated, 8vo, 423 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $3.50. Days of Discovery. By Bertram Smith, 12mo, 222 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. PUBLIC AFFAIRS, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND POLITICS. Socialism and Feminism. By Correa Moylan Walsh. Vol. 1. The Climax of Civilization. 12mo, 150 pages. $1.25.--Vol. 2. Socialism. 12mo, 178 pages. $1.50.-Vol. 3. Feminism. 12mo, 393 pages. $2.50. Sturgis & Walton Co. Per set, $4.50. The Future of the Southern Slavs. By A. H. E. Taylor. 8vo, 326 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3. The Monarchy in Politics. By J. A. Farrer. 8vo, 342 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3. The Prison and the Prisoner. Edited by Julia K. Jaffray. 12mo, 216 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $2.50. The War and the Bagdad Railway. By Morris Jastrow, Jr. Illustrated, 12mo, 160 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50. In the Wake of the War. By Harold Hodge. 12mo, 226 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50. Towards Industrial Freedom. By Edward Carpen- ter. 12mo, 224 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. Is War Civilization? By Christopher Nyrop. 12mo, 256 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. THE EDITOR Box D Ridgewood, New Jersey 1917] 655 THE DIAL THE DIAL is regalarly on sale at following bookstores: BOSTON SMITH & McCANCE, 2 Park Street. THE VENDOME News Co., 261 Dartmouth Street. CHICAGO, ILL. W. KNOBLE, 2830 Broadway. A. C. KROCH & Co., 22 N. Michigan Ave. MARSHALL FIELD & COMPANY A. C. MCCLURG & Co., 222 S. Wabash Avenue. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Book SHOP, 58th and Ellis Avenue. Post OFFICE News COMPANY, 37 West Mon- roe Street. C. T. 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Sentence and Theme. By C. H. Ward. 12mo, 371 pages. Scott, Foresman & Co. $1. The Undergraduate and His College. By Frederick P. Keppel. 12mo, 374 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.60. Punctuation Leaves for Une with Sentence and Theme. By C. H. Ward. 12mo. Scott, Foresman & Co. Walden. By Henry D. Thoreau. Edited by James Cloyd Bowman. 16mo, 341 pages. Scott, Fores- man & Co. 45 cts. SEATTLE, WASH. LowMAN & HANFORD Co., First Ave. and Cherry Street. SPOKANE, WASH. JOHN W. GRAHAM & Co. WASHINGTON, D. C. WOODWARD & LOTHROP, 10th and F Sts., N. W. 656 [December 20, 1917 THE DIAL After-Christmas Gifts to Yourself or Others Travel and Description Elizabeth W. 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Decorations, $2.50 Love and Laughter Impassioned in expression and graceful in meter, these poems sing the wonder and beauty of created things. 19º. $1.50 English Folk Songs Collected in the Southern Appalachians from the de- scendants of the hardy adventurers who came from Eng. land and settled there, more than 200 years ago. Large 8°. 122 songs. 828 tunes. $8.50 Olive Dame Campbell and Cecil J. Sharp At All Booksellers NEW YORK 2 West 45th Street Just West of 5th Ave. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS LONDON 24 Bedford Street Strand PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. | 1 1 - AP2 D48 544050 163 28. Rec-20 Dial June To Stacte 3- Coublin 1987-150 35 Ja 18 Rocuinea No21'90 Dec 94 Klima plassen Jul 18'45 Pap3°61xEden fan Creaded 과 ​ UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 78 013 691