al representation are indispensable con-
tional government which winks at international ditions of a political democracy.
devices for combating labor, checking freedom The book is worth reading. To be sure, one
of speech, controlling the dissemination of news
familiar with Bertrand Russell, Sidney Webb,
and opinion, and allaying popular discontent by and others in sympathy with the programme of
means of programmes for social reform.
the British Labor party will find little in it that
In his book "The World Peace and After" is novel. The radical social philosophy which the
Carl H. Grabo expresses his fear of such an war brings into prominence merits however a con-
eventuality. He maintains that the test of our stant restatement, and particularly in America.
belief in the ideals of democracy is our willing-
But novelty of content is the only justification I
ness to introduce democratic institutions at home. can imagine for the tiresome repetition of ideas
To be sure, he would establish a league of na-
which leads Grabo to cover 154 pages in saying
tions which will guarantee the free use of roads
what might better be said on 75. In point of
of commerce, the equality of all states before fact there is very little in the five chapters that
law, a like economic opportunity for all nations, is not said in the chapter on "International Re-
the protection of small peoples from the exploita- lations"—with one exception.
tion of larger, and the right of diverse peoples to
And this exception is irrelevant to the main
develop diverse cultures. But all this, he holds, purpose of the book. It occurs in connection with
does not mean of itself a democratic world. A a plea for a new social morality to replace the
democratic ideal implies equality of opportunity present individualistic morality. Grabo evidently
as between individuals. And equality of oppor believes that since our individualistic morality
tunity means, if it means anything, “that we professes an origin and sanction in a personal
should all be born, inheriting strong bodies free
God, a social morality must derive vitality from
from defect; that we should be well nourished; a pantheistic God. This new deity is the larger
that we should be equally well educated.” Nature all-embracing consciousness of the world realiz-
has forever decreed that men shall be unequal in ing his aims through the willing coöperation of
ability, but man's intelligence can make an ap men." A sympathetic reader will perhaps know
proach towards an economic democracy as it has what these words mean. I confess that I do not.
made progress towards political democracy. But I think we have here Mr. Wells's Invisible
A true democracy, then, according to Mr. King masquerading under an assumed name,
Grabo, involves both economic and political “The World Spirit." And Mr. Archer will get
equality. And this, manifestly, we do not have. him if he doesn't watch out.
But the war makes possible the creation of a
V. T. THAYER.


214
(September 19
THE DIAL
AND
The Mortality of Magic
tive. However nicely a poet may write of sirens,
fauns, elves, or other superannuated evidences of
FAIRIES
FUSILIERS. By Robert Graves. man's thirst for the supernatural, nowadays it
Knopf; $1.
inevitably smacks of affectation.
OUTCASTS IN BEULAH LAND. By Roy Helton.
Holt; $1.25.
It is partly because this fault is common in
Magic, whether of diction or of thought, is the England that one is delighted with such a volume
one quality in poetry which all poets seek with
as "Fairies and Fusiliers," of which the American
equal passion. But how different are the wiles
edition has just appeared. This is forthright and
of these fantastic huntsmen in pursuit of this
honest verse, Anglo-Saxon in its vigorous direct-
golden bird! For some are bold and direct,
ness, at the same time irresponsible and sure. Mr.
attempting to slay the creature outright; some go
Graves is less ostentatiously serious than his
warily with a fine net; some wait in the dark-
sedater contemporaries in "New Paths,” yet one
ness, hoping to be found rather than to find;
is not certain that in the upshot he does not come
while others still it cannot be doubted-trudge
off better. Whereas among the younger con-
patiently through the forest with a handful of temporary poets one finds a good deal of empha-
salt. This much their contemporaries may observe
sis on phrase-making for its own sake, here one
of their appearances as huntsmen—but of their
finds a poet almost scornful of trappings and
success, who can say ? For magic is itself a chang- color, intent only on what he has to say, and say-
ing thing. The sparrow of today is the phenix of ing it vividly and musically in the unaffected lan-
tomorrow, and vice versa; and tomorrow the cap-
guage of prose. Certainly these are among the
tors of sparrows and phenixes may regard each
most honest and vivid war poems which so far
other with changed eyes.
have come to us—and if Mr. Graves does not cut
This, it hardly needs to be said, is largely a
very deep, neither, on the other hand, does he go
matter of diction; and this again is largely a mat-
in for the usual mock-heroics and sentimental bun-
ter of the rate of growth and decay in the
combe. Hear him in "A Dead Boche":
language at any given time. Some poets resist
To you who'd read my Songs of War'
And only hear of blood and fame,
the growth of language, some merely acquiesce in
I'll say (you've heard it said before)
it, and some (like Dante and D'Annunzio exult "War's Hell!" and if you doubt the same
in and compel it. These last are the boldest
To-day I found in Mametz Wood
A certain cure for lust of blood :
spirits, and, on the whole, the most likely to fail.
Where, propped against a shattered trunk,
"Will this word live? Will this word die? Will
In a great mess of things unclean,
this word, tomorrow, be beautiful or merely vul Sat a dead Boche; he scowled and stunk
With clothes and face a sodden green,
gar?" In every line they hazard answers to
Big-bellied, spectacled, crop-haired,
these questions; and the chances are much against Dribbling black blood from nose and beard.
any high average of success.
This approaches, it is true, that sort of roman-
These differences in the attitude towards dic ticism which consists in the deliberate exploitation
tion set gulfs between poets who would otherwise of the ugly or horrible. But for the most part
be commensals, and constitute the deliciousness Mr. Graves is a dealer in whim, and it is to Mr.
and futility of criticism. Observe, for example, Roy Helton that we must turn to see this method
the astonishing unlikeness, on this point, of "New working in extenso. “Outcasts in Beulah Land”
Paths," that most interesting English anthology qualifies Mr. Helton for admission among our
of the verse and prose of the younger men, and the realists, but not as yet on a very high level. For
two volumes now before us. The anthology rep the most part his work is still tentative and imi-
resents, rather consciously, a band (by no means tative: one swims successively through currents of
unvaried) of pioneers—wrestlers with new dic Bret Harte, Masefield, Service, and O. Henry.
tion and rhythms, pursuers of new kinds of magic. The rhythms are insecure, the narrative psychol-
One could gladly forego, it is true, a sort of Pre ogy undeveloped. Mr. Helton at present finds it
Raphaelitic pinkness and faunishness which crops difficult to end a story otherwise than in senti-
out here and there, as in the work of the Sitwells. mentality or melodrama. At the same time it
But many of these English huntsmen have attained should be said that these stories are often vivid,
to a subdued and cool and almost intellectual richly-if somewhat commonplacely-imagined,
kind of magic which, in America, we do not know. and on the whole well-proportioned. Most of
At the same time one cannot help feeling a one's objections are comprised when one has said
trifle dubious about a charm which is so conscious that Mr. Helton is young. As for diction, Mr.
of itself, so practiced in self-exploitation. It is Helton's method is that of D'Annunzio and
too deliberately naïve, too sophisticatedly primi Dante: he believes in using the demotic tongue,


1918]
215
THE DIAL
Even among
neologisms and all. He is willing to take his perialistic idealist, finds God as a "name battered
chances that the slang of today will become the out of all value and meaning,” and sinks back on
magic of tomorrow. Unfortunately he does this a "Nameless and Incomprehensible, an Essence
without much discrimination; he appears to be beyond Reality, a Heart of all Things, by which
somewhat insensitive to values.
he lives and is upheld.” God has been withdrawn
neologisms it is possible to distinguish vigorous from the Wellsian programme.
from vulgar, beautiful from merely pretty. And Thrown back on our own resources, we have a
it is this which Mr. Helton, like so many of our right to ask how this old unquenchable pragmatic
contemporary pursuers of new magic, has failed optimism feels today in a world still blindly ago-
to do.
CONRAD AIKEN.
nizing at war. Joan and Peter go ahead to build a
"civilized life of creative activities in an atmos-
phere of helpful goodwill.” After the war he is
The Relegation of God to take up biological research and she is to do
house-building. Well, this return of Wells to the
JOAN AND Peter. By H. G. Wells. Macmillan; old ideas and aspirations finds virtue gone out of
$1.75.
them. It is something to have gotten rid of a
It is always a question whether Mr. Wells is superfluous mysticism, but the morsels of un-
an incomparably gifted observer of the sweep of
critical pragmatism handed back taste a little stale
events, or whether he uses the world of institu-
and cold. What Wells misses is the slight skepti-
tions and ideas primarily as symbols of his own
cal weariness with which the living remnant of a
insistent personality. Was his recent religious
younger generation is beginning to view the ease
flare an attempt to beat to its goal a real world
and blitheness of political pragmatists. Why
rapidly mysticizing under the strain of war, or
has our scientifically trained and experimental
was it a personal recoil against a sudden sense of
generation in all countries put all its energy at the
helplessness? If we could answer these questions
service of an industrialized statism? Why do so
we should know whether it is England that has
many of our former minds of democratic good-
righted itself, abandoning the Mr. Britling who
will betray now so shallow an emotional compre-
found conscious social control too much for him
hension of the forces our war is raising up that
without the guiding hand of a divine comrade, re-
they seem like children who witness passionate
turning to the old confident maker of new worlds
scenes between their elders with only a naïve
for old; or whether it is only Mr. Wells's own
wonder what it can all be about? Wells is not
robust spirit emerging from its so singularly un-
exactly glib, but he gives no hint for the future
becoming religious widowhood to the delights of
how we are to tame or sublimate the terrible mob
pragmatic power again.
At least, this new novel represents a complete
unreasons that have made the "social" and the
"collective"-our old ideal fetishes-into so bitter
convalescence. Its chief sensation is the relega-
a mockery. When he offers us his old instru-
tion of God back to the innocuous rôle into
ments, made for the creative life of society, we
which the late Victorian had got him. This book
are impatient and hold off, not through sheer
puts God familiarly but decisively in his place, pique or inertia, but because we are honest enough
and restores our responsible, curious, adventurous,
to be suspicious even of ourselves and all the vali-
experimental youth at the heart of the world's
ant brandishings we have made.
soul and the helm of its affairs. To young Peter,
But this morbid preoccupation with Wells as
shattered in limb but wise from his war experi-
an antebellum prophet should not blind us to the
ence, progress is again religion: "work and learn-
triumphant achievement that "Joan and Peter"
ing are our creed.” God, seen in his vivacious
is. Never has he spread for us such a gorgeous
dream, is the Old Experimenter, tinkering about
sociological panorama. If he does the antebellum,
in his dusty workshop, as he tells Peter with a
he has done it with a superb bounce and com-
rather jolly cynicism: "If you have no will to
petence that no one will ever surpass. This is
change it, you have no right to criticize it." So
not a novel; it is a library; it is a telescoped
it becomes our task for the future to “take hold
newspaper. It is everything that one needs to
of the world, unassisted by God, with the acquies- know about the public life of the significant
cence of God, and in fulfillment of some remote classes in England for the last twenty-five years.
incomprehensible planning on the part of God." You marvel at the flawless mechanism of his in-
Fickle Mr. Wells! What has become of the telligence, which can take in this chaotic clashing
Invisible King, the first President of the Republic mass of movements and events, and stream it out
of Mankind? Even Oswald, the noble old im into a ribbon of vivacious narrative, imperturb-


216
(September 19
THE DIAL
war.
able in interest on every page, always fresh and
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
personal and assured. If there is less of the old
piquancy, there is still a marvelous pertinency of
The DESERT. By John C. Van Dyke. Il-
characterization. And in spite of the panoramic
lustrated from photographs by J. Smeaton
Chase. Scribner; $2.
sweep, it is always a story about persons, and
never a mere chronicle or dialogue. His people The addition of photographic illustrations to
are types, of course, but how admirably he gives the new edition of Van Dyke's notable work on
the impression of clinching their essential quali-
the American desert calls for another word of
ties! From the parents and the aunts, living their
praise. To visualize the desert one must either
enlightened radicalism of the early nineties in
see it, or see many pictures of it combined with
their safe and settled world, to the restless youths Van Dyke's paragraphs reveal the desert almost
an inspired description. Chase's photographs and
and girls of 1914, he passes in review all the dear
as it is.
Those who have seen it—who have
dead satisfactions that shriveled in the blaze of shriveled and thirsted in its burning heat, who
Oswald, the uncle-guardian, the scarred have climbed its naked mountains, who have
bachelor, gives scope for the whole imperial ad- known its luscious color-have in this book a more
venture in Africa. Lady Charlotte, who tries to intimate interpreter of its vagaries. It re-creates
guide Joan's and Peter's orphaned lives, is a the great arid stretches of the Southwest pictor-
triumphant and deadly exposure of the truculent,
ially, poetically, and scientifically—such a satis-
ignorant Tory who straddled England with
fying and altogether delightful blend as one
Ulster and Anglican ascendancy.
seldom meets in an authoritative work. The fact
The "education" of which “Joan and Peter"
that, after seventeen years in print, the subject
matter is still fresh is evidence of something more
is the story is the training provided by this whole
than the changeless quality of the desert.
era, rather than by any of the schools or colleges,
outrageous or admirable, to which they may go. The Hive. By Will Levington Comfort.
There are charming chapters of their child-life; Doran; $1.50.
there is the free and eager wish for pleasure and
This book arouses more curiosity than it satis-
excitement and knowledge in the years just be- fies. It is formless, yet alive with an eager tensity
fore the war; there is the ironical fate of all these that makes you wonder how a mind with so many,
golden youths as they are sucked into it. How ideas on the adventure that is life can elude any
much Wells misses at times out of all this may plan or design. Mr. Comfort has much to say
be seen by comparison with a book like Cannan's about the New Race and Democracy and Art
"Mendel." Sex is still the slightly unclean thing
and the Path of Life; but he somehow manages
that Wells puzzles chastely over. Joan is a brave heard before. Through his discursiveness you get
to escape most of the platitudes that you have
young Diana—but is not a frank eroticism better glimpses of a remarkable school-community on the
than Wells's mixture of pudency and bold grap shores of Lake Erie, where children and teachers
pling? There are uncomfortable reminiscences of pursued the quest of life together and gained
Wells's previous matings, and an actual eternal much wisdom and poetical receptivity. Later
recurrence of the “You're my man, and I'm your
they are all somehow in or about to be in Cali-
woman!" Yet, after all, Wells does skirt just fornia, living a life of austere paganism in that
outside the range of priggishness and get all the
divine climate by the sea. The book is dotted
discussion he wants into his impetuously moving
with the letters and compositions of the children,
some of whom are at college or out in the world.
story. Of course he has almost forgotten that
Either Mr. Comfort has hypnotized them into
there was ever such a thing as a proletarian. You his style and ideas, or he has truly a new race of
could never imagine from his book that the future seven-year-olds. The profundity of their imagi-
of England might belong to the Labor party.
nation and poetic feeling strains your credulity
The proletarian-aristocrat, who stirs us in a per-
to the breaking point. Why does he not tell us
son like Lenine, does not exist for Wells's imagi, is an exhilarating taste of a new civilization of
how such amazing children are produced? There
nation. He joins Mr. Gompers and Vachel
glorious youths and girls bathed in the sun and
Lindsay in repudiating the class struggle. He has air of Greek-like California, living a life of
relegated his middle-class God, but he has done sensuous austerity and wisdom and comradeship.
nothing to his men. In the face of a cry for vast
The philosophy is not at all of the Western
new desires and stirring new types, he has joined world, but is a vague yet appealing mysticism,
so many of his fellow pragmatists in looking back.
with the Path of Life, and discipleship, and
The coming years, I am afraid, will turn him to
spiritual growth restored as the divine satisfac-
tions of the soul. Is Mr. Comfort the fore-
stone.
RANDOLPH BOURNE. runner of a Californian mysticism which has con-


1918]
217
THE DIAL
quered jargon and cant and has really assimilated of coöperative selling plans. Other chapters are
the East for the working out of the “good life"? devoted to national aid extended to the would-
His book is striking enough to make you want to be settler, the man in business, the working
track his ideas and implications down to the hive man, the Negro, the woman in the home, to
-to see whether the honey there is real.
boys and girls, and (chapters of too scant
achievement) to the immigrant. Miss Franc's
THE NEGRO IN LITERATURE AND ART.
book would be of more practical worth to the
By Benjamin Brawley. Duffield; $1.35.
average citizen if it were accompanied by a
In his preface the author promises to describe chart, or series of charts, enumerating the vari-
the achievement of the Negro in the United ous bureaus of governmental activity and the
States measured "by absolute rather than by character of aid and information which each has
partial or limited standards," meaning, one may at its disposal. The lack of this impairs its
infer, that the criteria are to be found in the accessibility as a work of ready reference, but
history of arts and letters itself rather than in the volume is adapted admirably for use by
racial estimates. The purpose appeals to those teachers of civics in American schools.
who share in the hope of the author that "some
RUSSIA IN UPHEAVAL. By Edward A.
day the Negro will cease to be a problem and
become a human being." Unfortunately the
Ross. Century; $2.
purpose fails of fulfillment. Such expressions as This is a useful record, rich in fact and illum-
"the grand epic of the race," "foremost com inating incident, of an extensive tour through
poser of the race, ," "foremost man of the race European and Asiatic Russia. Our wanderlustig
in pure literature," "the longest poem yet writ- professor entered Siberia with anarchist exiles
ten by a Negro in America," jerk back into the from America and tells how they set to work to
old confines of racial comparison the refugee from "govern" Russia as soon as they set foot in Vladi-
the racial point of view. We are invited to
vostok. The disintegration of order appears
consider not the work of artists who happen to spontaneously as the narrative proceeds. Trains
be Negroes, but the work of Negroes who hap- leave never on schedule, and sometimes only on
pen to be artists. Nor is there much apprecia-
threat of death to the stationmaster. At one
tion shown of the work of Negroes in so far as point a troop train, by force of undisciplined bay-
they are, not successes, but artists. The book onets, wins precedence over the express, pulls out
is a catalogue of pictures, books, statues, songs, without orders, runs into a freight train, and 401
and so on, and a listing of prizes and honorable soldiers are burned to death. A people coerced
mentions rather than a study of contributions to into ignorance during centuries of brutal oppres-
art and literature. In this Who's Who the par sion must leap into license when liberty comes.
ticular mention is accorded to: Phillis Wheatley, But order is returning: the blows of disaster are
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Charles W. Chestnutt, slowly molding Russian wilfulness into con-
W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, William Stanley structive will. Reorganization would have come
Braithwaite, Frederick Douglass, Booker T. more rapidly and easily had not social criticism
Washington, Henry 0. Tanner, and Meta War been heated to intransigeant rebellion by Siberia
rick Fuller.
and universal compulsory ignorance. Destructive
revolution is the price that must be paid for the
Use Your GOVERNMENT.
By Alissa
refusal of free speech and education, and for lack
Franc. Dutton; $2.
of a statesmanlike intelligence capable of foresee-
As early as 1839 Congress appropriated $1000 ing changes in the distribution of economic power.
"for the purpose of collecting and distributing Yet through all the chaos even the oversophisti-
seeds, prosecuting agricultural investigations, cated can see the Russian sense of brotherhood as
and procuring agricultural statistics." The De the bearer of reasonable hope for the future. The
partment of Agriculture has since extended the emphasis in this book is on the helpfulness and
scope of its activities so consistently that it is kindliness of the Russians. It is a point which
now expending an appropriation of upwards of might have borne more stress: in these qualities,
$7,000,000 annually and employing in the
and employing in the after all, are the roots of democracy, rather than
neighborhood of 20,000 workers. Perhaps no in political forms and creeds; the Russians have
other single factor, through the years of peace, these many centuries outdone us in democracy
has been more potent than this in keeping alive because they have surpassed us in kindly fellow-
the national spirit. “Use Your Government" ship and spontaneous coöperation; the Revolution
is an exposition of what the national govern- merely gives political sanction to a psychological
ment, through its various departments, is accom fait accompli.
plishing in promoting activities for the well Professor Ross maintains that equal division,
being of its citizens. The case of the farmer, as in the commercial land system, has failed wher-
where by far the most notable success has been ever applied, and argues that private ownership
achieved, is taken up in detail, from the plant is the indispensable stimulus to prudent hus-
ing and growing of crops to the development bandry. And a valuable chapter surveying the


218
(September 19
THE DIAL
industrial methods established by the Soviet com modern man and woman to the insistent ma-
mittees, while regretting the absurdly extreme de terialism of the day, to the loss of the point of
mands made by the workers and the outburst of view of the eternal. Miss Kirkland is successful
sloth that came as the natural reaction to centuries in catching and suggesting fleeting moods and im-
of slave driving, yet affirms the high value of pressions; her characterization is entertaining and
many of the innovations now being made in the her descriptions of nature are vivid and stimulat-
relations of Russian labor and capital, particularly ing. But she still leaves undescribed those specific
the representation of labor on all industrial joys which prompted her title.
boards. Professor Ross makes the oft neglected
distinction between the Bolsheviki and the So-
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF IDEAS. Edited
viets, and argues that the Soviets are the only by the Department of Philosophy of Colum-
"party of order" in Russia today, unless the order bia University. Vol. 1. Columbia Uni-
which we desire for Russia is the Prussian feudal versity Press; $2.
order which German slaves are establishing for
METAPHYSICS OF THE SUPERNATURAL AS
their masters. The Russian bourgeoisie is irrevoc-
ILLUSTRATED BY DESCARTES. By Lina
ably pro-German; and Allied aid given in that
Kahn. Archives of Philosophy. Columbia
direction always turns out to be pearls cast before
University Press; $1.
swine. Given another half-year of sobering re-
IDEA AND ESSENCE IN THE PHILOSOPHIES
sponsibility, and the boiling Soviets will simmer
down to a rational adaptation of ideals to possi-
OF HOBBES AND SPINOZA. By Albert G. A.
Balz. Archives of Philosophy. Columbia
bilities, and may very well serve as a valuable
experiment in the decentralization of government.
University Press; $1.
The book concludes with an appeal for a more
Philosophy in America is placed under an obli-
generous and enlightened patience with what the gation to the philosophical faculty of Columbia
author believes are the passing excesses and in- University by these studies in the history of
firmities of the Revolution.
thought. For, first, the book comes in a period of
philosophic dearth, so far as publications are con-
The Joys OF BEING A WOMAN. By Wini cerned; and second, it appears at a time when
fred Kirkland. Houghton Mifflin; $1.50. historical sanity is tremendously needed, an
invigoration of the historical sense; while in a
Of recent years it has been so customary to
third place, the essays are uncommonly interest-
hear about the hardships of being a woman that
ing. They comprise three essays on Greek philos-
one opens “The Joys of Being a Woman" with
ophy, eight on seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
some curiosity. That curiosity is not satisfied.
One is conscious of reservations: "the little shy, noza, Berkeley, Dr. Brown—and with these
tury thinkers (Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, Spi-
soul thing, the naked ego, with its eerie eyes,
ought to be placed the two capable doctorate
escapes us. The essays which make up this book
theses, published in the “Archives”), and two
deal with people, places, things, and of course
studies in modern logic, each marked by shrewd
with the preferences and prejudices of the writer.
criticism. Three aspects of the collection espe-
They have the charm of a buoyant and sympa-
cially deserve a reviewer's note. The key to the
thetic personality, and show observation and collection is very clearly John J. Coss's "Francis
humor; but they give happy expression to every-
Bacon and the History of Philosophy,” in which
day thought rather than independent and original
he points out that Bacon's healthy conception of
views of life, and they leave the reader in some
the history of philosophy as an integral part of
doubt as to the writer's grasp of its fundamental the whole history of culture--men's thought
values. The first essay, which gives its name to
taken in its living context-if not forgotten,
the volume, is the least satisfactory; it is labored
has yet to their damage been disregarded by the
and unconvicing, and its satire does not ring true.
historians of the subject, most of them Germans.
"The Woman Who Writes" throws some light Says Professor Dewey (in "The Motivation of
at first hand on the reasons for the difference in
Hobbes's Philosophy”):
the intellectual accomplishment of men and
women. With a woman it is too often the case
The history of thought is peculiarly exposed to an
illusion of perspective. Earlier doctrines are always
of a choice between personal relations and her art getting shoved, as it were, nearer our own day. We
or profession, and "in any crucial choice a real are familiar with the intellectual struggles of our
woman chooses living rather than literature." own time and are interested in them. It is accord-
She reckons “her spirit's capital, not in terms of
ingly natural to envisage earlier thought as part of
the same movement or as its forerunner. We then
accomplishment, but in terms of her own joy.' forget that that earlier period had its own specific
The essay entitled “Difficulties in Doing Without problems, and we proceed to assimilate its discussions
Eternity” contains some caustic, and perhaps not
to our present interest.
unmerited, criticism of contemporary values and He goes on to correct, strikingly, some of the
ascribes the modern desire for short cuts to health, misconceptions associated with Hobbes. The
wealth, and happiness, and the surrender of the whole group
of essays
falls into the same temper,


1918]
219
THE DIAL
which is pragmatically expressed by Professor is one of the justly recognized masters of the
Bush's sagacious aphorism (in "An Impression of world of mysticism. Whatever we think of him
Greek Political Philosophy"): “The ideals of as a dramatist, he carries weight and distinction
a people are a function of its experience.”
as an investigator of the occult, as an experi-
Whether corollary to this conscious historical menter with the subconscious, as an interpreter
program or incident to the hour, a second notable of what, to most of us, is the magical side of
feature of the collection is the stress upon the natural phenomena. But ideas of reincarnation,
pathfinding work of British thinkers-Bacon, even of the reincarnation of a love-life, do not
Hobbes, Berkeley. Even American students of constitute a play. And if he called on Miss
the Renaissance and the Enlightenment have Pearn to supply “a story told in action," he
found it difficult to get away from the German failed to get what alone could have rescued him.
conception that philosophy from Descartes to Even an unusual theme, an analysis of our past
Hume was, as it were, a consciously dramatic existences, which has on occasion puzzled even
preparation for the entry of Kant and his chorus the most materialistic, needs a sound foundation.
La mummery of historic fact if ever there were Given as a skeleton for that mental state the
one. Here the Germans are notably absent, even eternal conflict between mated love and civic duty,
from the index, while one cannot but feel that a as omnipresent as it is vital, given a feeling for
substantial contribution has been made, in the style uncommon in even "literary” playwrighting,
several studies, toward that great desideratum of
it is unfortunate that no better a drama than
the English-speaking world—an historical study this could have been constructed. Its inception
of British speculative genius. Something of the is original; its development labored; its finality
British character is indeed indicated in the third unimportant. And as a matter of structural
outstanding trait of the "Studies”; namely, their fact, Mr. Blackwood ought to realize that label-
stress upon political problems. This, to be sure, ing as "prolog" and "epilog" material as rele-
is tertiary; there is plenty of pure metaphysics in
vant to the main action as are the beginning
the discussions; but it is sufficiently emphatic to
and the end of "Karma,” does not for a moment
keep alert one's consciousness that, after all, the keep the reader from sensing that it forms, actu-
vitality of philosophy is its political character ally, acts one and five. Perhaps, in the field of
politics being taken in that broad gauge which
dramatic art, two heads are no better than one.
makes it to comprehend all structures of men's
THE ECLIPSE OF RUSSIA. By Dr. E. J.
thinking which bring them to mutual understand-
Dillon. Doran; $4.
ing and free coöperation .. One ought to
remark, in parting, that the well-maintained Dr. Dillon is known to the American public
thesis of the first essay (McClure's "Appearance through the “Foreign Affairs” of the "Contem-
and Reality in Greek Philosophy"), that "Real porary Review," which he has been writing now
ity is a choice of values,” gets an odd-angled cor for many years. There are few men who have
roboration from the logical studies at the close. followed the history and politics of Russia, and
The editors may or may not have been aware of of the Balkans and Eastern Europe, with such
this, but it gives their volume a unity one does thoroughness and with the advantage of such
not expect to find in so varied a collection.
intimate contact. One does not hesitate to
state that Dr. Dillon knows Russia perhaps bet-
KARMA. By Algernon Blackwood and Vio-
let Pearn. Dutton ; $1.50.
ter than any other outsider. When he discusses
the intrigues that went on in the government and
One must recognize the limitations of any art court of the former Czar we are not reading the
form used as a medium for propaganda. And notes of a purveyor of gossip, but the observations
it is equally certain that in “Karma: A Reincar- of a close student of international affairs. The
nation Play," either Algernon Blackwood or "predatory" character of the old régime is shown
Violet Pearn, or both, have neglected this funda up in a most convincing manner, and from the
mental. In “Milestones”-in “The Phantom inside. For Dr. Dillon himself says that he was
Rival” more particularly, to which this play a confidential adviser of the late Count Witte, to
bears a not too striking resemblance—we were whom his book is dedicated. At one time we
impressed with the absence of dramatic power thought that Dr. Dillon had become for the mo-
which almost inevitably accompanies the episodic ment merely the troubadour of this very able
play, especially the play where, in each of the Russian stateman-he calls him Russia's "unique
acts, the situations are so paralleled that all sus statesman.” Witte was without question one of
pense ordinarily aroused by the unfolding action the ablest men in Russia, and also one of the most
vanishes. As “The Phantom Rival" dealt with unscrupulous. The best evidence of the latter
the vagaries of a hero in a dream world, so does fact is that for the last ten years of his life he
“Karma" concern itself with the psychological was “isolated,” no group in Russia having enough
wonderings and abnormalities of its heroine. But confidence in him to accept him even as a mem-
the great advantage it has over the former, and ber after he had lost the leadership in the bureau-
similar dream plays, is that Algernon Blackwood cracy. But Dr. Dillon at several points seems to


220
[September 19
THE DIAL
admit the same thing, when he explains how bolism of dreams, is found in the background of
Witte became caught in the "system,” powerless fairy stories, myths, alchemy, Rosicrucianism,
to resist or to combat it. It is possible that one Free Masonry, and religious mysticism.. Mysti-
was unfair and unjust to Witte, and that he was cism, which struggles for union with divinity, is
in fact a liberal. But the reviewer recalls the state the most extensive and therefore psychically the
ment made to him personally by Witte in 1907 most internal unfolding of the religious life; it
to the effect that he had urged the Czar to grant stimulates a much more powerful sublimation of
the Duma because it was the only way out of the impulses than the conventional education of man-
situation, adding that he did not believe in kind. “The object of religious worship is regu-
constitutionalism. Dr. Dillon himself reflects larly to be regarded as a symbol of the libido, that
this opinion of his close friend when he generalizes psychological goddess who rules the desires of
on the present Russian chaos.
mankind, and whose prime minister is Eros."
And here one should say frankly that this last Thus the author, in finding at the heart of
work of Dr. Dillon's, which is full of most religion the titanic or suppressed psychic dross,
fundamental facts which only he could give us, takes a long step towards the sexualization of the
lacks perspective. It is entitled “The Eclipse of universe. But even granting for a moment the
Russia." Dr. Dillon is an old and a disappointed author's right to reduce all to the sex impulse
man. Russia is now in chaos, and will remain so and exclude consideration of the potent food
for some years to come. Dr. Dillon will not see impulse, this psychoanalytic unmasking of the
the working out of the great Russian problem. impelling power cannot prejudice the intrinsic
His close association with the Russia of the old value of mysticism.
régime, though he always protested against the
blind reactionary policies of the "predatory"
WILLIAM PENN, FOUNDER OF PENNSYL-
bureaucracy, makes it difficult for him to accept
VANIA. By John W. Graham. Stokes ;
the present phase of Bolshevism, with its chaos $2.50.
and anarchy. Finally, he has not been "used" From the account of Penn's life in the first
these last years, either in Russia or in the Balkans. volume of the “Collected Works,” 1726 (re-
The mistakes of British policy in both these printed in "Everyman's"), eight years after his
places are now generally admitted. For this rea death, to Mrs. Colquhoun Grant's interesting
son, perhaps, there is the touch of bitterness in but inaccurate "Quaker and Courtier" (London,
the last writings of this well-known authority 1907) there have been some eleven biographies
on the international relations in Eastern Europe. of the founder of Pennsylvania, besides a long
But again it must be emphasized that Dr. Dillon list of monographs. The present volume de-
gives us here a most valuable mass of material, pends upon no manuscript investigation; the
much of it first-hand and heretofore unpublished, author is aware that Albert Cook Myers is
on the Russia of the old régime. The German “collecting in enormous trunks every scrap of
influence in Russia's internal affairs, of which one matter written by or about Penn," and awaits
has heard much but somewhat vaguely, is shown with others its publication in fifteen or twenty
here by actual facts and “documents.”
monumental volumes by a committee in Phila-
delphia. Yet Graham's book is an intelligent
THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF Mysti-
and not ignoble contribution, distinctive as being
CISM. By Charles M. Addison. Dutton;
written from the point of view of a thoughtful
$1.50.
and gifted English Quaker of today, sympa-
PROBLEMS OF MYSTICISM AND ITS SYM-
thetic to his sect and its history but-like so
BOLISM. By Herbert Silberer. Translated
by Dr. Jelliffe. Moffatt, Yard; $3.
many Quakers-quietly and uncombatively appre-
ciative of other outlooks on life, and distinctive
In compiling a bibliography on mysticism for too in its emphasis on Penn's multitudinous writ-
one knowing nothing about the subject but wish- ings and on Penn's so frequently misunderstood
ing to study it carefully, we should put the first characteristics. Penn stands out as the founder
of these books first and the Silberer volume last. of the most forward-looking, progressive, of the
"The Theory and Practice of Mysticism” is a settlements. The “Frame of Government"
good introduction to mysticism, stating in simple drawn up by Penn was, in its reverence for
form what it is, what it has accomplished, and humanity and in its democratic trust in the com-
what are its possibilities for one sympathetic to mon people, the practical expression of the
its claims. It is a “first book," and like many Quaker religious philosophy, and is instructively
first books does not scratch deeply.
compared with the conservative constitution of
Dr. Silberer's book, which moves in the realm the Carolinas devised by his friend, the political
of Freudian psychoanalysis, is a significant con philosopher and academic aristocrat, John Locke.
tribution to the study of the psychology of mysti- But for the present moment nothing of Penn's
cism. Its argument is that the creative uncon political or humanitarian achievement in prac-
scious, utilizing elements of a purposeless and tice, nothing that he actually established for
irrational life of impulses that formed the sym- Pennsylvania and thence for the United States,


1918]
221
THE DIAL
cessor,
.
has the profound appeal that is made by a appreciates more fully than most of us what frail
theoretical essay whose thought he could never vessels these types of intellectuals really are.
try out in practice, “An Essay toward the Pres-
FROM SHAKESPEARE TO O. HENRY. By
ent and Future Peace of Europe, by the Estab-
S. P. B. Mais. Dodd, Mead; $1.50.
lishment of an European Dyet, Parliament, or
Estates" (reprinted in "Everyman's"). The con Mr. Mais's book is neither a disguised his-
cept of a League of Nations was fully devel tory of literature nor a study in best sellers from
oped in 1693! Penn, the practical-minded mystic, the sixteenth century to the present, but merely
the man who so often translated his spiritual
a collection of essays dealing with more or less
visions into social facts, may yet be justified in
striking writers from Shakespeare to O. Henry,
this too—for we will not doubt that men of his of whom nearly all are the latter's contem-
kind are about to be abroad in the world again. poraries. One endeavor of the essayist is to
The Roots OF THE WAR. By William
bring his readers into close personal touch with
the authors whose works he is criticizing, and
Stearns Davis, in collaboration with Will-
iam Anderson and Mason W. Tyler. Cen-
in some cases he succeeds while in others he does
not. The novelist Samuel Butler in his “Note-
tury; $1.50.
books" affords excellent material for this treat-
The main thesis of this volume is "that the
ment, and Mr. Mais makes the most of it. We
Pan-Germanists had gained control of the wills
have a very attractive picture of Butler with
and purposes of the disposing personages in the
his delight in shocking the orthodox, his
Teutonic empires and had already prepared the
"exhilarating irreverence, his amazing candour
magazine of explosives which now (1914) took
and entire absence of self-consciousness.” There
fire.” In support of this proposition the authors
is however no such material at hand for a
recount in considerable detail the long and tor-
knowledge of Shakespeare, and when Mr. Mais
tuous story of international politics and European
tries to make the plays supply the lack, he
diplomacy from July, 1870 to August, 1914. The
falls into the trap that has caught many a prede-
story is told in twenty-four chapters, of which
When he groups Hamlet, Vincentio,
Professor Davis has contributed eighteen and his
Orsino, Prospero, Macbeth, Posthumus, and
collaborators three each. With the conclusions
Richard II, "as like in nearly all points to
presented the reviewer has no fault to find; he re-
Shakespeare himself
Shakespeare, the
grets to say however that these conclusions are
gentle, the passionate, the irresolute," we would
too often obtained at the expense of good taste
counter by making a group of our own with
and sometimes even of historical accuracy. A
lago, Iachimo, Edmund, Don John, Richard
German historian once remarked that history
III, and Angelo as like in nearly all points to
should be written in anger, and there seems to Shakespeare himself. And why should Mr. Mais
have been a certain measure of wrath at the point
regard it as a reflection upon Shakespeare's
of Professor Davis's pen when he traced the
genius that he never depicted a man of action
“roots of the war.” Anger is often justifiable, like Sir Philip Sidney or Frobisher? He showed
but it rarely adds to the value of historical writ a certain sympathy for the type when he gave
ing. The chapter entitled "the last years in the
us Petruchio, Henry IV, Henry V, Richard III,
fool's paradise" seems to be written in decidedly Iago, and Antony in "Julius Cæsar.” Not even
bad taste. This is a violent and largely uncalled Shakespeare is as multitudinous as life itself.
for attack on the “pacifists” who during the dec The fact is, one can prove almost anything from
ade preceding the war tried to impress mankind Shakespeare—and disprove it. It is wiser to
with the futility of war as a method of settling take him objectively and be content.
international disputes and to make impossible Mr. Mais has some very sympathetic com-
such a conflict as is raging in the world today. It ments and criticisms on modern verse. Particu-
is cheerfully admitted that the presumptions of larly happy are his quotations from the unpre-
the peace movement were largely mistaken; but
meditated school verses of his pupils, who show
Norman Angell's main contention, that war is their love for their master and their poetic sen-
after all a rather poor investment, has a great sitiveness. There are certain judgments scat-
measure of truth in it as the Pan-Germanists are tered here and there throughout the book that
likely to discover when the present war is over. one might object to. It is hard to agree en-
One is puzzled to know why attention should be tirely with Mr. Mais when he says that Mase-
called to the "German antecedents, habits, and field's “Widow in the Bye Street” is to be pre-
sympathies" of a certain pacifist congressman, ferred to “The Everlasting Mercy," and that
especially since Professor Davis assures us that he O. Henry is "a vastly diverting raconteur, poig-
was “undoubtedly loyal to America.” The some nant in his pathos, terrible in his tragedy, witty,
what sarcastic allusions to "spectacled professors” urbane and kindly in his humour," or when he
and “fiction-mongers” may perhaps be perfectly groups Martin Tupper, Byron, and Longfellow
proper and apropos; the author, who is a pro as “outstanding instances of versifiers.” Why
fessor and also something of a novelist, doubtless should Byron be sunk to this nethermost pit?


222
(September 19
THE DIAL
NOTES ON NEW FICTION
ened by Biblical texts. In spite of this he lived
the life of the normal “child of Adam” and his
Mr. Updegraff's first novel, “Second Youth,” right to do so was tolerated, if not admitted,
received far too little appreciation. It was an when his father's revelation foretelling the end
unusually delightful extravaganza, skirting the of the world brought forth nothing more horri-
edges of Greenwich Village and Woodstock, and fic than a summer thunderstorm. It was after
displaying the amazing adventures of a refined that incident that the Seed family moved to a
bachelor silk-salesman who suddenly begins to mining village and Cleveland came in contact
see life. The story was done with an inimitably with the world. If you would be interested
light touch, with an amusingness that scarcely in the unvarnished life of an Ozark mining com-
ever faltered, and a deftness extraordinary formunity, you will enjoy this story. Sometimes
a first book. The question whether such a book the author's training in the realm of motion
promised us a writer of charm and taste has been pictures (he has written the classic treatise on
answered decisively in its successor. In “Strayed that subject) inspires in him a nervous desire for
Revellers" (Holt; $1.50) Mr. Updegraff makes incident and "business," which is unnecessary in
it unmistakably clear that he has no intention
a story as full of character interest as this,
of developing this talent with which he began. The new objective literary method employed
The story starts amusingly enough with the by some modern novel writers exposes the work-
determinedly truthful and wise young virgin ings of the minds of men and women with piti-
Clotilde, coming from her researches in the less realism and makes the reader grope, as indeed
Village to impose herself on the life of her he must in life, to discover those reactions which
newly discovered father, a broken-down farmer are truly significant. Something of the same dis-
of Woodstock. But the complications that fol cernment is required from the reader of Miss
low get so tangled with the author's views on Sidgwick's latest novel, "Jamesie" (Small, May-
the war as to make most of the chapters didactic nard; $1.50): he has to dig out the story for
where they aren't silly. His belaborings of the himself from a mass of rather intractable mate-
Village pacifists are a contribution to patriotism, rial; but if he has the patience to do so, he even-
but they tend to spoil the story. The trouble tually finds himself possessed of an insight into
with that futile society of "anti-war talk and character and an understanding of conditions of
free love” which he scorns was that it endlessly life that no mere description or narration could
discussed and analyzed things that should have have given him. The book takes the form of a
been impulsive. Unfortunately Mr. Updegraff correspondence between the members and friends
does not escape the blight himself. He makes of the household of the Duke of Wickford, and
his Edna explain copiously why she feels like much of the difficulty encountered by the reader
a' transfigured heroine when her artist husband is due to the inarticulateness of the British nature,
drops his successful painting and goes off to faithfully portrayed in these letters, which show
enlist. Clotilde's grudging conversion both to a realistic absence of literary style and frequently
war and love takes place in a dense steam of a refreshing absence of grammar. The social
analysis. And her moonlight romance with the setting is strikingly feudal, but it is a feudalism
regenerated aviator-poet, on the eve of their mar of so democratic a nature that, to the head of the
riage and his return to the front, simply swims family, the happiness of a child, the love affairs
in his opinions of the Germans, the Bolsheviki, of a servant, the sickness of a horse are of hardly
the pacifists and intellectuals, Justice, Truth, and less importance than matters of vital public inter-
Beauty. Though these people are saved for the est, and certainly have as much claim to his per-
book has a decided moral—they sound suspiciously sonal attention. The characters in this book move
like the old Adam.
against a background of serious national move-
Homer Croy's "Boone Stop" (Harper; $1.50) ments: we sense the suffrage disturbance in Eng-
is an unusual story. Its originality consists in land, the unrest in Ireland, and the events in
a directness and strength so remarkable that Europe which preceded the outbreak of the war;
they may even be mistaken for crudity. There but the story is chiefly concerned with the inter-
is nothing in the book of the refinement of life play of character and the workings of the obscure
which the average novelist regards as "artistic" forces of life which are revealed in the apparently
or "literary.” It is a frank story of rude people unimportant incidents of daily living. And when
who live in the Ozarks and are what they are de- the war does break out we feel that the interests
spite the accepted canons of twentieth century of the writers of the letters are not greatly
"culture.” Cleveland Seed grew up in a family changed, “that men and women are not so easily
who knew no other social criterion than the teach- alterable, in or out of war . It neither
ing of "The Word.” Cleveland's father accepted alters the good nor glorifies the bad: and the
the Bible literally, even in matters of farming best it wastes steadily.” Against this background
and family discipline. Whenever Cleveland of international misadjustment, and of social and
broke through the taboo of religious precept, as domestic amenities and passions, moves Jamesie,
he frequently did, the sting of the rod was sharp- the little son of Lord Iveagh Suir and his artist


1918]
223
THE DIAL
wife, Bess— Jamesie, whose short ill-spelt letters career in school and college and business. The
are woven into the correspondence like little name of a Boston Adams is given to the excep-
golden threads. How the war affected Jamesie tionally tricky, petty, and unpromising youth.
shall not be told here, but as one reaches the If the author's motif is the decay of the New
end of the story one understands the note of England stock, his portrayal of Griffith Adams
sorrowful questioning which runs through it and as a type is singularly unconvincing. If it is
culminates in the words of Gabriel du Frettay, an exposure of the purposelessness of American
the gallant French aviator :
education, he has failed, because most of his
horror is reserved for the upper-class fraternity
The cataract of a whole generation down the
smooth chute to death is it worth it?
Our
life. His researches into sex-psychology have
children are not our own, in the sense of being slaves a certain ugly plainness, which illuminates noth-
to our prejudices. Even now they are growing up, ing, and his revelations of business corruption
and granted we refrain from touching, they will ques-
tion in time. How far are we to risk their displeasure,
will startle no one, though his own breath is
their bewilderment, their wonder, worst of all? I can
rather bated as he speaks. The story has none
see him wondering, seeking a little already, in his of the beauty of realism, for it is so completely
first sunlight-Jamesie. It's frightful, the mere without background. It is more like a selected
thought of such judges watching us-outside-God of
chamber of war horrors. No life runs through
Battles, any sort but that!
the veins of pallid Griffith nor through the society
As war stories go, William J. Locke's "The in which he lives. Good realism depends on a
Rough Road" (Lane; $1.50) is a remarkable
sense of the significance of all life. Mr. Norris
tale. A year ago Mr. Locke wrote a story of the is utterly incapable of suggesting significance.
war which was as unconvincing as it was lurid. It depends also on a robust, implicit, tacit feeling
But in this story there is the feeling of a man for the ideal, for what this so much frustrated
under whose feet the earth is solid in the presence and erring life might have been. But the author
of cataclysms. In the present tale, Mr. Locke gives no hint whatever as to what his hero might
occupies himself with life as it emerges from have developed into if he had not become the
For him life continues, evolves, savorless Griffith Adams.
savorless Griffith Adams. He cannot pretend
and even finds achievement. The interest aroused that the book is a mere study in futility, for
by this story of a young English gentleman is in the last chapter he gets Griffith neatly con-
cumulative. The earlier chapters, in which no demned in a second marriage, and as far as one
more serious problems than the subtilties of an
can see, most unjustifiedly lets him walk "into
ivory and peacock sitting-room are encountered, his rightful heritage.” The only true unpleas-
impress the reader as being remote and thin. The
antness of fiction is falsity, and “Salt" is full
predominance of scarlet these last four years has of unpleasantness.
blunted our sensibilities to the more æsthetic Given a patriotic theme and a moderately good
tones. When young Trevor was confronted with plot, such as characterizes Freeman Tilden's
the scarlet of war he cringed. But he was forced "Khaki" (Macmillan ; $1.25), almost any author
to accept the scarlet color scheme because it was is assured of popular success today. The sig-
"the thing to do.” It is at this point that Mr. nificant feature of this novel of the patriotic
Locke impresses us as being a genuine artist; awakening of a New England village is the
instead of occupying himself with the extrinsic quality of the workmanship which Mr. Tilden
glamours of officers' uniforms and honors such has put into what is essentially only an ephemeral
as might be anticipated for so well-born a hero, story. Few people will remember a year from
he sloughs off convention and gets at the real now that such as book as “Khaki" ever existed ;
man underneath Trevor's gentlemanly exterior. but those who read it will remember that Mr. ,
So long as Trevor acted in accordance with his Tilden is a writer of ability, one who has the
inbred sense of "the proper" thing he failed. innate honesty of the self-respecting craftsman.
Not until he came face to face with himself, Maria Thompson Daviess writes with remark-
as a human being no better and no worse than able charm. It is this quality that differentiates
other human beings, did he make good. Even her rather slight story "The Golden Bird” (Cen-
then he failed to win a decoration; he did not tury; $1.35) from the mass of women's journal
even keep the love of the patrician to whom tales of fortunes made by lovely ladies through
he had been engaged in the old days of ivory and the simple device of raising golden eggs from
peacock. But the reader puts aside the book the homely hen. She not only invests her amus-
with a welcome respect for human character and ing assortment of characters with likable person-
for Mr. Locke as a writer.
alities, but she even succeeds in portraying the
The prudish and the emancipated can agree character of a rooster and making him an influ-
upon the "unpleasantness" of Mr. Norris's new ence on the lives of those fortunate enough to
book-"Salt, or the Education of Griffith come within his sphere. The freshness and .
Adams” (Dutton; $1.50). There is no savor enthusiasm with which she writes quickly per-
to Mr. Norris's new salt. A labored, mechanical suade the reader to cast credulity to the winds
style drags out this story of a young American's and follow the Golden Bird to a happy ending.


224
(September, 19
THE DIAL
CASUAL COMMENT
happily plain in the programme. It is not the
place here to discuss the programme in detail.
BETWEEN THE DOCTRINAIRE NEGATIVISM OF Certain features of it however are notable: a pro-
the St. Louis platform and the 1918 Congres- posed international commission with executive'
sional programme of the Socialist party there is and legislative as well as judicial powers to fix
a fundamental difference in tone and method of a uniform international fiscal and exchange
approach which will be welcomed by every lib system and to control investments in "weak”
eral. As far as its official programme for the countries; the full nationalization of railroads
fall campaign goes, the Socialist party has ac and other means of transportation, to be bought
cepted the war as a fact. The programme falls chiefly out of taxation and operating revenues ;
naturally into nine sections, and of these only the the public ownership and control of every large-
first three are primarily devoted to the interna scale essential industry whose operations extend
tional probems of war and peace. The remain- beyond the borders of a single state (coördinating
ing six deal specifically, as well as in general to that end the present war industries and trade
terms, with the domestic problems of reconstruc- boards, the federal trade commission, and the
tion. And even in the introductory three sections federal food and fuel administrations); the demo-
the programme has none of the intransigeant cratic control of industry by the workers, includ-
bitterness of the St. Louis declaration. The ing a recommendation for shop committees and
"peace aims” of the party are only a reaffirmation guaranteed employment; politically, the abolition
of the Russian formula of no annexations and no of the Senate, with an executive responsible
indemnities, to which has been added the new directly to Congress and to the people, and then
slogan: "No economic nationalism, no war after the abolition of the power of the courts to declare
the war." The party announces itself in general acts of the legislature unconstitutional; the pro-
sympathy with the declared aims of the Inter- gressive income, inheritance, and unused land
Allied Conference, and of course protests against taxes; the recommendation of public or free
the refusal of passports to bona fide representa- coöperative operation of farms; public ownership
tives of accredited labor and minority political of natural resources; specific labor legislation and
parties. All this was to have been expected; but reform of criminal procedure and methods of
it was not to have been expected that the temper reform; the enforcement of the Fourteenth
of these demands and statements of belief should Amendment. All this of course is a large order,
| be so moderate and sanely balanced. Least of all and it is doubtful if but a small minority of the
was it to have been expected that in its fall Con- electorate will agree with it in toto. What
gressional platform the Socialist party should counts however is the clearness and directness of
have swung the center of gravity over from pro the programme, together with its wide range,
test against the continuance of the war to the which embraces practically every issue open to
issues of immediate and future domestic recon- political dispute. Finally, it is a Socialist party
struction. It is especially gratifying that the programme that for the first time in the history
framers of the platform should at this particular of the movement in this country is definitely and
time have chosen the sensible tactics of entering essentially American in its applicability. It reads
lagain the world of reality. Not only will the as the product of home rather than foreign
more constructive and popularly appealing pro- thought. It is flexible and pragmatic in the best
posals automatically become a kind of liberalizing
It wrestles with specific American prob-
influence on the platforms of the old parties but, lems instead of attempting to enunciate pure
best of all, there is again a chance for issues, in a priori principles. It is a living document, not!
stead of a futile quarrel about patriotism, to be a doctrinaire creed.
injected into the campaign. By its original atti-
tude the Socialist party was forced into a purely THE AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATIONAL SYS-
unfertile protective position. It had to—and tem is facing the first grave crisis in its history.
still, to too great an extent, has to-defend itself There have been other pedagogical storms, but
from the charges of disloyalty. But if the cam they have all blown over.
Great battles were
paign orators and party leaders can now concen fought over the introduction of natural science
trate upon specific issues of reconstruction, the into the public schools, over the separation of his-
focus of public opinion about the party as a whole tory and civics, over the substitution of modern
will be steadily, if imperceptibly, shifted. The languages for ancient tongues. And yet all these
members of the party will have a larger margin were trivial matters in comparison with the issue
of freedom to meet constructive problems. They at hand today. Now the public schools are face
can begin to put some of their intellectual energy to face with a real task-the task of preparing
where it belongson genuine economic and social millions of boys and girls for citizenship in a
questions. The world has need of every ounce changing world of rising democracy. It is one
of constructive thought today. We cannot afford thing to teach the principles of citizenship in a
to waste real ability, even for the pleasure of call- static society where nothing changes and all is
ing bad names. And the marks of real ability are settled forever, where the village priest performs
sense.


1918]
225
THE DIAL
the ancient rites, the housewife cards her wool, portant scientific volumes or, for that matter,
and the peasant plods about his weary tasks with to practically any new book of genuine literary
scythe and flail. It is another thing to prepare merit. The government regulations distinctly
for citizenship in a progressive democracy with specify trade books, copyright reprints, toy books,
staggering domestic and foreign problems, the juvenile, and non-copyright books. Books of
decision of which must at last come home to the research published under subsidy, for example,
judgment of the people. Democrats, Republi are exempted, as well of course as war-service
cans, Socialists, Presbyterians, Catholics, Poles, books published for the United States or Allied
Swedes, and Yankees can let the village teacher Governments, under subsidy. For the present,
use anybody's text in arithmetic or in Latin; but at all events, there is no intention on the part of
what about the texts that deal with the vexing the government to restrict the output of those
issues of American life? Can pupils be prepared publications which would naturally interest the
for democratic citizenship by arithmetic, gram- intelligent reader. But it is inevitable that there
mar, and Latin? By texts in history and civics should already be a practical retroactive effect to
that do not mention labor unions, strikes, the the regulation. Although publishers are, in gen-
woman movement, poverty, Farmers' Alliances, eral, accepting as many new books for publica-
Non-Partisan Leagues, the I. W. W., single tax, tion as previously, the manuscripts are being in-
socialism, municipal ownership? Are these creasingly accepted with the understanding that
dreadful things to be mentioned in the presence their publication is to be deferred until after the
of the children of the nation? Or if mentioned, war. As to the effect of the ruling on the pub-
to be condemned, praised, or even given a fair lishers' business itself, Mr. Roland Holt of Henry
hearing? Prepare for citizenship? Yes, and Holt & Co. has put the case succinctly:
fill the schools with social dynamite? Or are Of course, like other businesses, we wish we didn't
the children to be prepared by memorizing the have the war to deal with. But what the government
Constitution of the United States and the has done appears workable. One good feature of it
Declaration of Independence? Does that pre-
is that the disadvantage it puts one firm to has to be
met by all the others, too. There is no discrimination,
pare, important as it may be? Since the millions
so there is no real jolt to regular competition.
never go beyond the grade schools, must they
venture out into a changing world with no POPULAR WAR-FICTION IN THE MAGAZINES
knowledge of the burning issues which men and and movies takes an ecstatic trend which leaves
women face there? Must they learn their les- nothing to the imagination in the way of wish
sons first at the flaming forge of life where men fulfillment. Writers think nothing of ending the
beat out the weapons for the struggle for exist war next month with the triumphal entry of
ence? Shall there be no historical background, General Pershing into Berlin (Haig and Foch
no consideration in the schoolroom in advance? apparently delayed somewhere in the rear). Ro-
We put this question squarely to perhaps the mances between American soldiers and lion-
leading “educator" in America and he answered heartedly democratic German girls prove to be
like a shot, "No controversial subjects should be the bits of dynamite that blow up the Empire.
taught in our public schools." And yet a few American prowess stalks through Europe like a
nights later the same educator announced with knight of the crusades, while the vigilant at home
a straight face that the first task of the public foil interminable desperate plots of an exquisite
schools was the preparation of the millions for ingenuity that seems even beyond the power of
citizenship. Strange contradiction—nothing con a Hun. Such an exuberance of fantasy would
troversial must be considered in our schools, and destroy the morale of any other nation by con-
at the same time children must be prepared for vincing the mass of people who read it that their
citizenship in a democracy where even the task is a mere matter of will. Having acquired
foundations of social economy are in controversy these extravagant hopes, these apocalyptic visions
whether we like it or not. This is the real crisis. of victory, they would be thrown into a corre-
The public schools will either serve the forces of sponding dejection at the slowness of the actual
science, scholarship, moderation, open-minded progress and the prosaicness of the real victory.
ness, or-like the universities—they will shuffle Intoxicated by these romances, they would hardly
and trundle along after a civilization that is be able to recognize a victory when they saw it.
made in spite of them. The choice is with the But the American people have been so long accus-
teachers. Have they the courage of initiative and tomed to take their imaginative art, on every
leadership?
level, as mere dessert or recreation from life that
they are well disciplined against harm in the
The FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS OF NEW BOOKS present case. They get all the thrills they can out
this year will be necessarily shorter than for of their victorious dreams, but they do not com-
many years past. But it should be understood pare them with real life. They go right ahead
that the government regulations, asking for a preparing for a long and arduous war, too canny
reduction of twenty-five per cent. in the new to let their literary millennium interfere with
titles after October 1, do not apply to im their common sense.


226
[September 19
THE DIAL
Selective Fall Annnouncement List
The following is a selected list of the more Behind the Wheel of a War Ambulance, by Robert
important fall issues and announcements of books Whitney Imbrie, illus., $1.50.-Fields and Battle-
in the fields indicated. Considerations of space
fields, by No. 31540, $1.50.-A Captive on a German
have prevented the inclusion of new editions, re-
Raider, by F. G. Trayes, illus., $1.25.- The Red
Battle Flyer, by Capt. Manfred von Richthofen,
prints of standard literature, translations of works illus., $1.25. (Robert M. McBride & Co.)
already available in English, technical handbooks The Doctor in War, by Dr. Woods Hutchinson, illus.
and manuals, books on woman and the home,
$2. — General Foch: An Appreciation, by Major
and juvenilia. Our "Selective Fall Educational
R. M. Johnson, frontispiece, $1.-In the Service,
by Mary Dexter, illus., $2. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
List,” including books on the theory and practice Captivity and Escape, by Jean Martin, illus., $1.75,-
of education and works of reference, was printed Joe Stehlin-Aviator, by Joseph C. Stehlin, illus.,
in the previous issue (September 5). These lists,
$1.50.—The Children of France, by Constance
Lucas, $1.25. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
are compiled from data submitted by the pub- The War Diary of a Diplomat, by Lee Meriwether,
lishers.
illus., $2. America in France, by Major Frederick
Palmer, $1.50.—Through Forbidden Germany, by J.
M. de Beaufort, illus., maps, $1.50. (Dodd, Mead
THE WAR
& Co.)
The Eclipse of Russia, by Dr. E. J. Dillon, $4.-Six
Guynemer, the Ace of Aces, by Jacques Mortane,
Red Months in Russia, by Louise Bryant, Illus., $2. translated by Clifton H. Levy, illus., $1.50.--War
From Baupaume to Passchendaele, by Philip Gibbs,
Time France: The Story of an American Commis-
maps, $2.50.--A History of the Great War-Volume sion Abroad, by Major Francis R. Stoddard, $1.50.
III: The British Campaign in France and Flanders, (Moffat, Yard & Co.
1916, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, illus., maps, $2. The White Flame of France, by Maude Radford War-
(George H. Doran Co.)
ren, illus., $1.50.—The Peak of the Load, by Mildred
The Good Soldier: A Collection of Soldiers' Letters
Aldrich, illus., $1.25. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
(1914-1918), edited with an introduction by N. P.
An American Crusader at Verdun, by Philip Sidney
Dawson, $1.25.-A Traveler in War-Time, by Win Rice, $1. (Princeton University Press.)
ston Churchill, illus., $1.25.—The War and the
The Flame That Is France, by Henry Malherbe,
Future, by John Masefield, $1.25.-A Brief History $1. (The Century Co.)
of the Great War, by Carleton J. H. Hayes. (The
Georges Guynemer: Knight of the Air, by Henry
Macmillan Co.)
Bordeaux, translated by Louis Morgan Sill, intro-
Present-Day Warfare, by Captain Jacques Rouvier,
duction by Theodore Roosevelt, illus., $1.60. (Yale
illus., $1.25.--Fighting the Boche Underground, by
University Press.)
Capt. H. D. Trounce, illus., $1.25.—The U-Boat
Over the Threshold of War, by Nevil Monroe Hop-
Hunters, by James B. Connolly, illus., $1.50.–Our
kins, illus., $5. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Navy in the War, by Lawrence Perry, illus., $1.50.-
Back From Hell, by Samuel Cranston Benson, illus.,
Soldier Silhouettes: On Our Front, by William L.
$1.30. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Stidger, $1.25. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Naval Reserve, by Frank H. Potter, illus., $1.35.
History of the World War, Vol. III, “1916 on All
(Henry Holt & Co.)
Battle Fronts," by Frank H. Simonds, illus., maps,
Fred Mitchell's War Story, by Fred Mitchell, illus.,
$3.50.- From Czar to Kaiser, by Capt. Donald C.
$1.50. (Alfred A. Knopf.)
Thompson, $3.- Ambassador Morgenthau's Story:
Cheer-up Letters: From a Private with Pershing, by
German Intrigue in the Near East, by Henry Mor-
Torrey Ford, illus., $1.25. (Edward J. Clode.)
genthau, illus., $2.-Fighting Germany's Spies, by
A Diary Without Dates, by Enid Bagnold, $1. (John
French Strother, illus., $2. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
W. Luce & Co.)
The United States in the World War, by John Bach
FICTION
McMaster, map, $3.—The Doctor's Part, by Col.
James R. Church, illus., $1.50.-German Submarine The Inferno, by Henri Barbusse, translated by
Warfare, by Wesley Frost, illus., $1.50.-A Reporter Edward J. O'Brien, $1.50.—The Guilded Man, by
at Armageddon, by Will Irwin, $1.50.-Fighting Clifford Smyth, with introduction by Richard LeGal-
France, by Lieut. Stephane Lauzanne, $1.50. lienne, $1.50.-Free and Other Stories, by Theodore
Knights of the Air, by Lieut. Bennett A. Molter, Dreiser, $1.50.-Can Such Things Be? by Ambrose
illus., $1.50. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Bierce, $1.50.—Marie Grubbe, by Jens Peter Jacob-
The Flame in the Hand, by Henry Malherbe, trans-
sen, $1.50.- The Prestons, by Mary Heaton Vorse,
lated by Lucy Menzies.-General Foch the $1.50.-Capel Sion, by Caradoc Evans, $1.50.-My
Marne, by Charles le Goffic, translated by Lucy Own People, by Caradoc Evans, $1.50.-Gabriella
Menzies, $2. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
de Bergerac, by Henry James, $1.25.-Iolanthe's
Roumania, by Mrs. Will Gordon, F.R.G.S., illus., $3. Wedding, by Herman Sudermann, translated by
From Czar to Bolshevik, by E. P. Stebbing, illus., $3. Adele Seltzer, $1.25.—The Death of Ivan Ilyitch,
-Out to Win; The Story of America in France, by and Other Stories, by Leo Tolstoi, 70 cts. (Boni
Lieut. Coningsby Dawson, $1.25.—The White Road & Liveright.)
of Mystery: The Note-Book of an American Am The Eyes of Asia, by Rudyard Kipling, $1.- The
bulancier, illus., $1.25. (John Lane Co.)
Magnificent Ambersons, by Booth Tarkington, illus.,
War in the Cradle of the World, by Eleanor Franklin $1.40.—Josselyn's Wife, by Kathleen Norris, fron-
Egan, illus., $2.-Impressions of the Kaiser, by David tispiece, $1.40.-Fortune, by Albert Pason Terhune,
Jayne Hill, illus. $2.-Berlin to Bagdad, by Capt. illus., $1.40.-The Valley of the Giants, by Peter
George Abel Schreiner, maps, $2.—The Kaiser as I B. Kyne, illus., $1.40.—Cheerful by Request, by
Know Him, by Dr. Arthur N. Davis, $2.—The True Edna Ferber, $1.40.-The Best Short Stories: A
Story of Enemy Spies and Plots, by John C. Knox, Personal Collection, by Tom Masson, $1.-Gentle-
$1.50.-My Lorraine Journal, by Edith O'Shaugh men at Arms: Tales of the British Army and Navy,
essy, illus., $1.60. (Harper & Bros.)
by "Centurion," $1.40. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
at


1918)
227
THE DIAL
AUTUMN BOOKS OF TIMELY INTEREST
WAR BOOKS
THE LOVE OF AN UNKNOWN SOLDIER
A Manuscript Found in an Abandoned Dug-out
In the trenches a soldier wrote his heart on paper, then vanished. How? No one knows, but
he left behind this intimate document-a confession of extraordinary importance to some
American girl. Who is she—and where? We publish this secret autobiography in the hope that
she may tell. The most intriguing mystery, from the literary standpoint, that the war has
produced.
Cloth, $1.25 net.
OUT TO WIN
GONE ASTRAY
By LT. CONINGSBY DAWSON, author of "Carry Leaves from an Emperor's Diary Cloth, $1.50 net.
'On," "The Glory of the Trenches," etc.
Whilst this volume does not purport to be an actual
Second Ed tion,
Cloth, $1.25 net. transcription of the Kaiser's dairy, it is a remark.
A vivid, prophetic, optimistic statement of America's
able psychological study, setting forth his ideas and
programme in France.
opinions regarding personal, domestic and political
matters, from his boyhood days to the present time.
THE WHITE ROAD OF MYSTERY ROUMANIA
By PHILIP DANA ORCUTT.
By MRS. WILL GORDON, F.R.G.S.
Illustrated. Cloth, $1.25 net.
Profusely illustrated. Cloth, $3.50 net.
The impressions of a young American Ambulancier A wonderfully interesting history of Roumania, past
who served during the great Verdun offensive dur and present, with an introduction and two chapters
ing the summer of 1917.
by H. M. Queen Marie.
AUTUMN FICTION
THE WAR EAGLE
THE ROUGH ROAD
By W. J: DAWSON, author of "The Father of a By W. J. LOCKE, author of "The Red Planet,” etc.
Soldier," etc.
Cloth, $1.50 net. Second Edition.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
A dramatic, finely written and conceived story em A truly Lockean romance of youth and the Great War.
bodying a record of the first year of the war.
THE GHOST GIRL
TOWARDS MORNING
By H. DE VERE STACPOOLE, author of "The Man
By IDA A. R. WYLIE, author of "The Shining
Who Lost Himself,” etc.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
Heights," etc.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
Charleston, S. C., is the scene of this charming
The story of a boy's soul seared by the brutal hand
romance in which the past lives again through the
of Prussianism.
present.
BENTON OF THE ROYAL
DRUMS AFAR
MOUNTED
By J. MURRAY GIBBON, author of “Hearts and
By SERGEANT RALPH S. KENDALL.
Faces,” etc.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
Cloth, $1.50 net.
A true tale of thrilling adventure dealing with the
The love story of an Oxford man and a Chicago girl
Canadian Royal Northwest Mounted Police.
an international romance with a war tinge.
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS
SKETCHES IN DUNELAND
By EARL H. REED, Author of "The Dune Coun.
try," etc.
Illustrated. Cloth, $2.50 net.
A really beautiful book of drawings and appreciations
of the wonderland of sand on the wild coasts of
Lake Michigan.
CANADIAN WONDER TALES
By CYRUS MACMILLAN.
Illustrated in color. Cloth, $4.00 net.
Folk and fairy tales taken from the lips of Indians,
sailors and habitants of Canada.
FAMOUS PICTURES OF
REAL ANIMALS
By LORINDA M. BRYANT, author of "American
Pictures and Their Painters," etc.
Profusely illustrated. Cloth, $1.50 net.
A companion volume to Mrs. Bryant's popular
"Famous Pictures of Real Boys and Girls."
RUPERT BROOKE
A Memoir by EDWARD MARSH.
Frontispiece Portrait. Cloth, $1.25 net.
The official memoir of this celebrated poet, containing
many hitherto unpublished letters and a few poems
not previously printed.
THE GREATER PATRIOTISM
Public Addresses of the late JOHN LEWIS GRIF.
FIFTHS, American Consul-General at London, de
livered in England and America. With an intro-
duction by Hilaire Belloc.
Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50 net.
ASIA MINOR
By WALTER A. HAWLEY, author of "Oriental
Rugs," etc.
Illustrated. Cloth, $3.50 net.
A clear summary of the physiography and history of
this little-known country from the most remote
period up to the present day.
JOHN LANE COMPANY
Publishers
BUY THESB BOOKS OF YOUR BOOKSELLER
NEW YORK
When writing to advertisers please mention The DIAL.


228
(September 19
THE DIAL
God's Counterpoint, by J. D. Beresford, $1.50.-Dan Our Admirable Betty, by Jeffery Farnol, frontispiece,
ger, and Other Stories, by A. Conan Doyle, $1.50. $1.60.-Out of the Silences, by Mary E. Waller.
The Soul of Susan Yellam, $1.50.—The Vanished - Virtuous Wives, by Owen Johnson, illus., $1.50.-
Helga, by Elizabeth Corbett, $1.50.-Out of the The Zeppelin's Passenger, by E. Phillips Oppen-
Shadow, by Rose Cohen, illus., $2.—The Watcher heim, frontispiece, $1.50. (Little, Brown & Co.)
by the Threshold, by John Buchan, $1.40.—Colette Tyl Eulenspiegel, by Charles de Coster, introduction
Baudoche: The Story of a Young Girl of Metz, by by Maurice Maeterlinck, illus., $2.50.-Thomas, by
Maurice Barres, translated by Frances Wilson H. B. Creswell, $1.40.—The Island of Intrigue, by
Huard, $1.35.-The Man in Grey, by Baroness Isabel Ostrander, illus., $1.40.--Peasant Tales of
Orczy, $1.40. — Fore! by Charles E. Van Loan, Russia, by V. 1. Nemirovitch-Dantchenko, $1.25.
$1.35. (George H. Doran Co.)
(Robert M. McBride & Co.)
Joan and Peter, by H. G. Wells, frontispiece, $1.75. Gösta Berling, by Selma Lagerlöf, 2 vols., $3.—Lillie
In the Heart of a Fool, by William Allen White, Tudeer, by Selma Lagerlöff, translated by Velma
frontispiece, $1.60.-The Spinners, by Eden Phill Swanston Howard.–Karolinerna, by Heidenstam.-
potts, $1.50.-Barbara Picks a Husband, by Her Familien paa Gilje, by Jonas Lie. (American-
mann Hagedorn, frontispiece, $1.50.- The Red One, Scandinavian Foundation.)
by Jack London, frontispiece, $1.25.—The Bishop, The Rough Road, by W. J. Locke, $1.50.- Towards
and Other Stories; The Chorus Girl, and Other Morning, by I. Á. Ř. Wylie, $1.50.- The War Eagle,
Stories; by Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance by W. J. Dawson, $1.50.—The Call of the Soil, by
Garnett, $1.50 each. (The Macmillan Co.)
Lieut. Adrian Bertrand, $1.50. (John Lane Co.)
Sylvia Scarlett, by Compton Mackenzie, $1.60.-Foes, Cæsar or Nothing, by Pio Baroja, translated by Louis
by Mary Johnston, $1.50.—The City of Comrades, How, $1.75.—The War Workers, by E. M. Delafield,
by Basil King, illus., $1.50.—The Unpardonable Sin, $1.50.—Zanoza, by R. G. Kirk, illus., $1. (Alfred A.
by Rupert Hughes, illus., $1.50.—The Winds of Knopf.)
Chance, by Rex Beach, illus., $1.50.-Edgewater The Best Short Stories of 1917, edited by Edward
People, by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, frontis J. O'Brien, $1.60.-Jamesie, by Ethel Sidgwick,
piece, $1.35.-Land's End, by Wilbur Daniel Steele, $1.50.—The Shielding Wing, by Will Levington
frontispiece, $1.35.-A Little Family of Roubaix, by Comfort, illus., $1.50. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Eleanor Atkinson, frontispiece, $1.25. (Harper & Heart of a Child, and Other Stories of New Eng-
Bros.)
land Life, by Laura Wolcott. (Yale University
Miss Mink's Soldier, and Other Stories, by Alice Press.)
Hegan Rice, frontispiece, $1.25.—The Boomerang, Whispering Wires, by Henry Leverage, $1.50.—An-
by David Gray, illus., $1.40.—The Golden Bird, thony Trent: Master Criminal, by Wyndham Mar-
by Maria Thompson Daviess, illus., $1.35.-Helen tyn, $1.50. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
of Troy, and Rose, by Phyllis Bottome, $1.25. Waif-o-the-Sea, by Cyrus Townsend Brady, illus.,
Miss Ingalis, by Gertrude Hall, frontispiece, $1.40. $1.40.—Wolves of the Sea, by Randall Parrish,
-Maggie of Virginsburg, by Helen R. Martin, fron illus., $1.40.—Tommy of the Voices, by Reynolds
tispiece, $1.40. (The Century Co.)
Knight, $1.40. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
My Antonia, by Willa Sibert Cather, illus., $1.50. Clear the Decks, by "Commander," illus., $1.50. (J. B.
Common Cause, by Samuel Hopkins Adams, illus., Lippincott Co.)
$1.40.—The Bell-Ringer, by Clara Endicott Sears, Canaan, by Graca Aranha, translated by Mariano J.
illus., $1.35.—The Caravan Man, by Ernest Good Lorente, $1.50.-Brazilian Tales, translated by Isaac
win, illus., $1.50.-Many Mansions, by Sarah Goldberg, $1.-Five Tales, by David Pinski, trans-
Warder MacConnell, $1.50. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
lated by Isaac Goldberg. (Four Seas Co.)
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, by Vincente
The Star in the Window, by Olive Higgins Prouty,
Blasco Ibanez, translated by Charlotte Brewster $1.50.- The Ghost Garden, by Amelie Rives, $1.50.
Jordan, $1.90.-Salt, or the Education of Griffith (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Adams, by Charles G. Norris, $1.50.-Fate, Love
Moon of Israel: A Tale of Exodus, by Sir Rider
and Pity, by Henri Barbusse, $1.50.—The Chal Haggard. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
lenge to Sirius, by Sheila Kaye-Smith.—The White Treat 'Em Rough, by Ring Lardner, $1. (Bobbs-
Island, by Michael Wood. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Merrill Co.)
The Heart of Alsace, by Benjamin Vallotton, $1.50.-
The Triumph of John Kars, by Ridgwell Cullum,
Elizabeth's Campaign, by Mrs. Humphry Ward,
illus., $1.40.—The Year Between, by Doris Egerton
frontispiece, $1.50.—The Prophet of Berkeley
Jones, frontispiece, $1.35. (George W. Jacobs & Co.)
Square, by Robert Hichens, $1.50.- The City of
The Blue Aura, by Elizabeth York Miller, illus., $1.35.
Masks, by George Barr McCutcheon, illus., $1.50.-
(Edward J. Clode.)
Richard Baldock, by Archibald Marshall, $1.50. The Blond Beast, by Robert Ames Bennett, $1.50.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
(Reilly & Britton Co.)
The Wine of Astonishment, by Mary Hastings Brad The Girl We Love, by Eleanor Gates, illus., $1.35.
ley, $1.50.-Minniglen, by Agnes and Egerton (George Sully & Co.)
Castle, frontispiece, $1.50.—"Shavings," by Joseph
BOOKS OF VERSE
C. Lincoln, illus., $1.50.—Uncle Abner, Master of
Mysteries, by Melville Davisson Post, $1.50.—The The Coming Dawn: A War Anthology in Prose and
Laughing Girl, by Robert W. Chambers, illus., $1.50. Verse, by Theodora Thompson, $1.50.-Corn from
(D. Appleton & Co.)
Olde Fieldes, by Eleanor Brougham, frontispiece,
On Our Hill, by Josephine Daskam Bacon, illus., $2. $1.50.-On Heaven, and Poems Written on Active
-Lovers of Louisiana, by George W. Cable, $1.50. Service, by Ford Madox Hueffer, $1.25. (John
—The Runaway Woman, by Louis Dodge, illus., Lane Co.)
$1.50.—Mortmain, by Arthur Train, $1.50. (Charles Cornhuskers, by Carl Sandburg, $1.30. — The Old
Scribner's Sons.)
Road to Paradise, by Margaret Widdemer, $1.30.-
The Old Madhouse, by William de Morgan, $1.75. Motley, and Other Poems, by Walter de la Mare,
Strayed Revellers, by Allan Updegraff, $1.50. $1.25.-Outcasts in Beulah Land, and Other Poems,
You're Only Young Once, by Margaret Widdemer, by Roy Helton, $1.25. (Henry Holt & Co.)
$1.50.—Home Fires in France, by Dorothy Canfield, Look! We Have Come Through, by D. H. Lawrence,
$1.35.-Almanzar, by J. Frank Davis, $1. (Henry $1.50.—Chinese Lyrics, from The Book of Jade, by
Holt & Co.)
Judith Gautier, translated by James Whitall, $1.


1918]
229
THE DIAL
A Remarkable Novel by a New Author
Boone Stop
By HOMER CROY
Could any real boy resist a trained dog and pony show?
- especially if he were on his way to that horrible school?
Anyway, this one couldn't--so he went in and asked for
a job--and he got it. The velvet knce-breeches were too
large, and the dog that was to dance on his head was a
mongrel no boy could help loving. But he was a real
actor now. How he danced that afternoon at the show!
How madly he inade the dog caper! The audience
clapped and cheered. It was a gorgeous moment. And
then down the aisle came-But why tell here what is so
deliciously told by Homer Croy?
Here is a book that is truly welcome about a boy who
can hold up his head and stand with those immortal boys,
Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. We publish Mark
Twain, and we know better than anyone else how marvel-
lous he is. And we think that this book is a worthy suo
So to all lovers of Huck and Tom we say, "Buy
this book.”
Get it to-day and be a boy again.
Frontispiece. Cloth, Post Svo, $1.50
A New Book by Edith O'Shaughnessy
My Lorraine Journal
This war-time journal covers the sec-
tion held by American troops in France
at the present time. It will picture for
the people here at home the country
which is now being so gallantly de-
fended by American boys. The author
travels and tells of her experiences.
Everywhere is the summer beauty of
France, the century-old mystery of the
wonderful French towns. As she travels
further, the horror and devastation of
war appears upon the landscape on all
sides. Black-robed women, suffering
men, privation, and poverty are all
around and life is lived to the constant
accompaniment of the booming guns.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $1.60
cessor.
The Unpardonable Sin
a
By RUPERT HUGHES
The New York World says: "Correspondents and vic-
tims have told over and over the story of the German
curse as it fell upon Belgium and a fair strip of France.
The chronicle of the plague has become familiar in
"The Unpardonable Sin,” the crimes licensed at Potsdam
are made to stand forth in a fresh glaring. From Capt.
Hughes's flaming pages a fresh hotness of wrath is com-
municated to the reader over here. There can be no
doubt of the propagandist strength of such a story as this
in hand-of how it will add iron to iron in the American
determination to carry the great war to its sure and bitter
finish."
THEODORE ROOSEVELT says:
"The Unpardonable Sin" is a very, very strong book.
It teaches just the lesson our people should learn.
mighty glad. Captain Hughes wrote it and I hope it will
be most widely reaa."
Illustrated by James Montgomery Flagg. $1.50
Keeping Fit All the Way
How to Maintain Health, Strength
and Efficiency
By WALTER CAMP
Here is the gospel of health, strength,
efficiency, and happiness for middle-aged
men, class numbering over eight
million members in this country alone.
The author points out the danger to
health and the economic loss conse-
quent upon a man's allowing himself to
get out of good physical condition, and
he tells him how he may recover bis
impaired vitality. The exercises given
in the book are founded upon those
used in the Senior Service Corps, an
organization started last spring by Mr.
Camp for the purpose of making fit for
active duty the man who is over the
military age.
Profusely Illus. Post svo, Cloth, $1.25
I am
The Kaiser As I Know Him
Abraham's Bosom
By BASIL KING
After Death We Live! Do you know
it? Have you the constant comfort of
that sureness?
Here is a story that brings to you-
to anyone who has yet learned the
Great Lesson, the happiness "not to be
afraid any more never again to have to
worry, or be anxious"--the knowledge
of God "the One Vast Certainty.' Basil
King has been inspired in this great
story.
Frontispiece. Paper Boards, 16mo, 50 cents
By ARTHUR N. DAVIS
Vivid pen-pictures of the Great Enemy of Democracy in
action, painted by a man who was for 14 years the Ger.
man Kaiser's personal dentist.
The book throws blinding light upon the question of
the Kaiser's responsibility for the war, upon his fore-
knowledge of the destruction of the “Lusitania," upon the
part attempted by the German government in the Presi.
dential election of 1916, upon the Kaiser's own idea that
“America shall pay the bills for this war"-upon the
thousand and one vital questions to which Americans
want the answer.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2.00
The Girl in His House
The Man Who Survived
By CAMILLE MARBO
Translated by Frank Hunter Potter
This is the most extraordinary book
you have ever read and the most con-
vincing.
It is the story of a man who wakes
up in the hospital to find himself a dif.
ferent man from the one he knows him.
self to be. He is jealous of himself-of
his friend of his own wife's love.
Nowhere not even in the immortal
"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde"-can you
find a more mysterious or a finer story
of a dual personality.
This is one of the few really great
books that the war has brought forth.
Post, 8vo, Cloth, $1.25
By HAROLD MACGRATH
The N. Y. Times says: "This is a gay story of mystery
that has nothing to do with the war
an entertain.
ing and romantic bit of improbability, a well-told story with
a plot within a plot."
The New York Tribune says: "Another worthy book
is here added to the long list of Mr. MacGrath's enter-
taining fiction."
Illustrated. Post Svo, Clotk, $1.25
HARPER & BROTHERS Established 1817 NEW YORK
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230
(September 19
THE DIAL
Before Dawn, by Irene Rutherford. McLeod, $1.25.
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1918]
231
THE DIAL
Worth While Books for
Discriminating Readers
FICTION
Thy Son Liveth
ANONYMOUS
Wireless messages from an
American soldier killed in
France, to his sorrowing
mother-assuring her that
while bis body has been
killed, he is alive and only
distressed by the grief of
those on earth. His mother
in turn gives his messages
of consolation to the world.
75 cents net
The Big Biography of the
Year Just Published
GEORGE
WESTINGHOUSE:
His Life and Achievements
By FRANCIS E. LEUPP
Although one of the fore-
most American inventors no
adequate biography of
George Westinghouse has
hitherto appeared. As un-
folded by Mr. Leupp his
career reads like a romance.
Illustrated. $3.00 net.
Our Admirable Betty
By JEFFERY FARNOL
Author of "The Broad Highway"
A joyous and vigorous romance of the
period of “The Broad Highway."
$1.60 net.
The Zeppelin's Passenger
By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM
Author of "The Pawns Count"
“The Kingdom of the Blind"
Another German Spy Story - more
audacious than Mr. Oppenheim has here-
tofore written.
$1.50 net.
Out of the Silences
By Mary E. WALLER
Author of
"The Wood-carver of 'Lympus"
A virile romance of the present day with
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Virtuous Wives
By OWEN JOHNSON
Author of "The Salamander"
A highly interesting and truthful story
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By B. M. BOWER
Author of "The Lookout Man"
A cowboy who becomes an aviator is the
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The Cradle of the War:
THE NEAR EAST AND PAN-GERMANISM
By H. CHARLES Woods, F.R.G.S.
A really valuable work based on the author's Lowell
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Balkans.”
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Heroes of Aviation
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Authentic stories of the famous French, American,
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Nerves and the War
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A timely and appropriate volume on the economy of
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$1.25 net.
My Chinese Days
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With its background of Oriental colors, customs and
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The Government of the British Empire
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Three Centuries of Treaties of Peace and Their Teaching
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Contains the complete text of 21 plays from
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232
[September 19
THE DIAL
A Loiterer in New England, by Helen W. Henderson,
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illus., $5.-Samurai Trails: A Chronicle of Wan-
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The Village: Russian Impressions, by Ernest Poole, G. Usher, $1.75.-Imperial England, by Cecil F.
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George Westinghouse : His Life and Achievements, Unchained Russia, by Charles Edward Russell, $1.50.
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maps, $1.50. (The Century Co.)


1918]
233
THE DIAL
LIST”
BOOKS
Reconstruction
- a challenge
Next to the waging of the
war the most important
problem is the problem of
reconstruction.
England, organized for
victory, is also organized
for a sweeping reconstitu-
tion of society.
The problems of indus-
trial, educational, and in-
ternational readjustment
must be faced now or
peace will find America
unprepared.
The world of tomorrow
means opportunity and
responsibility.
How will America meet
the challenge?
THE DIAL
A thorough and authoritative discussion
of reconstruction will be conducted in
THE DIAL by
JOHN DEWEY, THORSTEIN VEBLEN,
9
“BRITTON
Georgina's Service Stars
By ANNIE FELLOWS JOHNSTON
A companion volume to “Georgina of the Rainbows."
Georgina' is sixteen when the story
cpens, and
nineteen at the close. Unconsciously she reveals
the developing effect of the great war upon the
mind a young girl growing up under its shadow,
For all of the family. Four illustrations in color.
$1.35 net
Making Life Worth While
By DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS
Mr. Fairbanks has written another one and it is
as good as his famous book-"Laugh and Live."
It is in his own inimitable style new vein of
optimistic cheer for his fellow mortals of a war
worn world. Sixteen new Fairbanks illustrations.
Size same as “Laugh and Live." (Cloth.) $1.00 net
Where the Souls of Men Are Calling
By CREDO HARRIS
Here is a war novel-a vivid chapter from the battle
front of France the first big love story to come
out of the war zone. The story, founded upon fact,
begins in the U. S. A. and ends on the firing line
It is powerful and real.
$1.35 net
Over the Seas for Uncle Sam
By ELAINE STERNE
Miss Sterne exhibits wonderful descriptive powers in
this volume of daring deeds and thrilling adventures
of our Blue Jackets during the present war. Con
voying millions of men and countless tons of stores
is serious business. 16 photographic navy pictures.
$1.35 net
A Man and a Woman
By DALE DRUMMOND
A novel of great human interest, so true to life that
it is sure to find echo in the heart of every reader-
man or woman. Its characters of seeming likeness
to persons you know-perhaps yourself. Those who
read it will forget all else for the time being.
$1.35 net
Ambulancing on the French Front
By EDWARD COYLE
Mr. Coyle volunteered in the service of the Red Cross
section of the French Army more than a year
His
opportunity with the French gave him an extraor-
dinary chance to obtain a general view of all sides
of the war, and every phase of German cruelties.
Twenty photographic pictures.
$1.35 net
Chicken Little Jane
By LILY MUNSELL RITCHIE
A charming story for little folk who will at once
fall in love with this new “Chicken Little" of the
far western prairies. Just the kind of story children
adore-birds and flowers, chickens and ducks, turkeys
and geese, horses and
Pen etchings by
Charles D. Hubbard.
$1.25 net
Laugh and Live
By DOUGLAS FAIRBANKS
One of the big hits of recent years, a book for every:
body by the man who set the world to laughing, and
kept himself happy and well. This book will live
on and on for years to come and the world will
be the better for it. Sixteen photographic pictures.
Cloth, $1.00; Khaki (Kit Bag Edition), $1.00
A Thousand Ways to Please a Husband
Yes, this is a cook book-with a hero and a
heroine-Bob and Bettina-who set up housekeep-
ing and sailed into its perplexitie the moment their
wedding journey was over. Bettina's know-how plus
Bob's helpfulness brought results-Kept them within
their means. Practical, economicalready for all
occasions. Published in 1917-still in big demand.
Illustrated.
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234
(September 19
THE DIAL
ten.
American Problems of Reconstruction, edited by ART, ARCHITECTURE, MUSIC, AND
Elisha M. Friedman, $5.-Britain After the Peace,
ARCHÆOLOGY
by Brougham Villiers, $4. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Understanding South America, by Clayton Sedgwick Life and Works of Ozias Humphrey, R.A., by George
Cooper, illus., $2.-Federal Power: Its Growth and C. Williamson, Litt.D., illus., limited edition, $25.-
Necessity, by Henry Litchfield West, $1.50.—The Prints and Drawings by Frank Brangwyn, by Wal-
War and After, by Sir Oliver Lodge, $1.50. ter Shaw Sparrow, illus., $10.–Portraits of Whist-
(George H. Doran Co.)
ler, by A. E. Gallatin, illus., limited edition, $10.
Our Cities Awake, by Morris Llewellyn Cooke, illus., (John Lane Co.)
$2.50.—The Future of German Industriaff Exports, A History of Italian Furniture, by William M. Odom,
by S. Herzog, $1. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
2 vols., $30 each.-Colour in My Garden, by Louise
Industry and Humanity, by W. L. MacKenzie King, Beebe Wilder, illus., limited edition, $10. (Double-
$2.-The Instincts of Industry, by Ordway Tead, day, Page & Co.)
$1.40. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Contemporary Composers, by Daniel Gregory Mason,
National Self-Government: Its Growth and Prin illus., $2.—The Foundations of Classic Architecture,
ciples, by Ramsay Muir, $2.50. (Henry Holt & Co.) by Herbert Langford Warren, illus., $2.50. (The
The Only Possible Peace, by Frederic C. Howe, $1.25. Macmillan Co.)
-Social Progress, by Charles Horton Cooley, $2. A Review of Architecture, Decoration, and Garden
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Design, from Charles I to George IV, by J. Alfred
Ireland, by Francis Hackett, $2.--The Restoration of Gotch, illus., $13.50. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Trade Union Conditions, by Sidney Webb, 50 cts. Musical Memories, by Camille Saint-Saëns, trans-
(B. W. Huebsch.)
lated by Edwin Gile Rich, illus., $3.50. (Small,
Montenegro in History, Politics and War, by Alex Maynard & Co.)
Devine, map, $1.50.—The State and the Child, by Architecture and Democracy, by Claude Bragdon,
W. Clarke Hall, $1. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) illus., $2.-The Music of Spain, by Carl Van Vech-
Workman's Compensation, by Durand van Doran, $2.
(Alfred A. Knopf.)
-Fair Play for the Workers, by Percy Stickney Decorative Textiles, by George Leland Hunter, illus.,
Grant, $1.50. (Moffatt, Yard & Co.)
$15. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Government of the British Empire, by Edward Face to Face with Great Musicians, by Charles D.
Jenks, $2. (Little Brown & Co.)
Isaacson, with an introduction by Leopold Godow-
The Economic Basis of an Enduring Peace, by C. W. sky, $1.50. (Boni & Liveright.)
MacFarlane, maps, $1. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Dutch Landscape Etchers of the Seventeenth Century,
Nationality and Government, by Alfred Zimmern, $3. by William Aspenwall Bradley, illus., $1.50. (Yale
(Robert M. McBride & Co.)
University Press.)
Outlines of Chinese Art, by John Calvin Ferguson, $3.
SPHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND
(University of Chicago Press.)
ETHICS
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
The Present Conflict of Ideals: A Survey of the
Philosophical Background of the Great War, by
What Can I Do in Aeronautics, by Henry Wood-
Ralph Barton Perry, $4. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
house, $1.25.—The Human Skeleton: A Descrip-
The Relation of John Locke to English Deism, by
tion and Interpretation, by Herbert Eugene Walter.
S. 0. Heffelbower, $1. (University of Chicago
(The Macmillan Co.)
Press.)
The First Airways: Their Organization, Equipment
The New Rationalism, by Edward Gleason Spauld-
and Finance, by Claude Grahame-White and Harry
ing, $3.50. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Harper, illus., $1.25. (John Lane Co.)
A Good Man: A Study in Ethics, by Mary Whiton
The Reality of Psychic Phenomena, by W. J. Craw-
Calkins. (The Macmillan Co.)
ford, $2.-Life After Death, by James H. Hyslop.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Personality and Conduct, by Maurice Parmelee, $2.
(Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Hindu Achievements in Exact Science, by Benoy
The Fabric of Dreams, by Katherine Taylor Craig,
Kumar Sarkar. - Aeronautics: In Theory and
$2.50. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Experiment, by W. L. Cowley. (Longmans, Green
The People of Action, by Gustabe Rodrigues, $1.75.
& Co.)
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Flower and the Bee; Plant Life and Pollination,
The Psychology of Courage, by Herbert S. Lord, $1.
by John H. Lovell, illus., $2. (Charles Scribner's
John W. Luce & Co.)
Sons.)
Aircraft in War and Commerce, by W. H. Berry,
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY
illus., $1.50.—The New Revelation, by Sir Arthur
The History of Religion, by E. Washburn Hopkins,
Conan Doyle, $1. (George H. Doran Co.)
$2.75.—The Course of Christian History, by W. J.
A Century of Science in America, edited by Edward
McGlothlin, $2.-History of the Religion of Israel,
Salisbury Dana, illus., $4. (Yale University
by George A. Barton, $2. (The Macmillan Co.)
Press.)
The Religious Teaching of the Old Testament, by
Aeronautical Engineering and Airplane Design, by
Albert C. Knudson, $2.50.—The Oregon Missions,
Alexander Klemin and T. H. Huff, $5. (Moffat,
by James W. Bashford, $1.25. (The Abingdon
Yard & Co.)
Press.)
Aircraft and Submarines, by Willis J. Abbott, $3.50.
Morals and Morale, by Luther Halsey Gulick, $1. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Christian Ethics in the World War, by W. Douglas The Submarine in War and Peace, by Simon Lake,
Mackenzie, $1. (Association Press.)
illus., $3. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The New Orthodoxy, by Edward Scribner Ames, $1. Psychic Tendencies of Today, by Alfred W. Martin,
(University of Chicago Press.)
$1.25. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Christian Doctrine of Reconciliation, by James The Challenge of the War: Can Science Answer the
Denny, $2. (George H. Doran Co.)
Riddle of the Grave, by Henry Frank, $2.50. (The
Religio Grammatici: The Religion of a Man of Let Stratford Co.)
ters, by Gilbert Murray, $1. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Geology of Vancouver and Vicinity, by Edward
Korean Buddhism, by Frederick Starr, illus., $2. Moore Burwash, illus., maps, $1.50. (University of
(Marshall Jones Co.)
Chicago Press.)


1918]
235
THE DIAL
The Army and the Law
By GARRARD GLENN
Associate Professor of Law, Columbia
University
12mo, cloth
197 pages
$2.00 net
This book deals with the army in its relation
to the laws governing the general public. It is
written from the standpoint of one who is not
a member of the forces, in an endeavor to
formulate the rules of law which impose duties
upon the civilian, and which also give him
rights which the army in turn must observe.
Several chapters are of particular interest
under present conditions. The chapter on the
constitution of the army contains an argument
that compulsory service is not only constitu-
tional in time of war, but would offend no re-
publican tradition should it be continued in
time of peace. The rights of the non-military
citizen are considered, first as they exist in
peace, and then as they proportionately shrink
with the increasing exigencies of
Finally, an examination of the rights of the
citizen who dwells in a battle zone introduces
the much-vexed subject of martial law at home.
Columbia University Press
LEMCKE & BUECHNER, Agents
30-32 West 27th Street
New York
THE TECHNIQUE OF THE ONE ACT PLAY.
By Prof. B. Rowland Lewis. Herein are the con.
clusions derived from conducting a practical course
in play, writing, at an American university.
Pro
fessor Lewis develops his subject from a more
scientific foundation than is usual with writers on
drama and as a textbook and practical help to play
writers is a notable contribution. Net, $1 50.
THE PATH OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN
STAGE. By Alexander Bakshy. A book of un-
usual beauty with 12 photogravure plates. The
famous Moscow Art Theatre is dealt with fully,
as are all figures prominent in Russian dramatic
representations. Net, $2.50.
PLAYS OF THE YIDDISH THEATRE.
Second Series.
A new volume containing the latest plays of the
Yiddish stage translated and edited by Dr. Isaac
Goldberg. Uniform with the "Six Plays of the
Yiddish Theatre. Net, $1.50.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COURAGE. By Her-
bert S. Lord, Professor of Philosophy, in Columbia
University. A concise exposition of the psycho-
logical aspects of courage and fear as manifest
in the individual, groups, armies, nations. Designed
as an aid and stimulus to all those upon whom
the world depends for the courage and will power
to attain victory. Cloth. Net, $1.00.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WAR. By T. J. Mac-
Curdy, M.D. The theories of Freud, James, Trot.
ter and Jones, in addition to his own, are dis.
cussed by the author. Net, 75c.
A DIARY WITHOUT DATES By Enid Bagnold.
A charming bit of literature with the experiences
of a young English lady engaged in war work as
a background. The war has produced thousands
of volumes, but almost no literature. This is a
marked exception. Net, $1.00
JOHN W. LUCE & CO.
212 SUMMER ST.
BOSTON
war.
“AT MCCLURG’S”
It is of interest and importance
to Librarians to know that the
books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be par-
chased from us at advantageous
prices by
Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities
In addition to these books we
have an exceptionally large
stock of the books of all pub-
lishers - a more complete as-
sortment than can be found on
the shelves of any other book-
store in the entire country. We
solicit correspondence from
librarians unacquainted with
our facilities.
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago
fields and battlefields
by Number 31540
Stories of the men who "tend the wounded under
fire," by one of them. In its vividness it recalls the
dispatches of Philip Gibbs.
$1.50 net
campaigning in the balkans
by Lieut. Harold Lake
An account of the work of the famous Salonika
army, the strategy of the Balkan campaign and the
part that the Near East is likely to play in the future
of the war.
$1.50 net
the british fleet in the great war
by Archibald Hurd
A study of the work of the British feet during the
present war by one of the greatest of living author-
ities on naval matters.
$2.50 net
nationality and government
by Alfred E. Zimmern
Essays upon various political and economic aspects
of the war by the author of “The Greek Common-
wealth,” etc.
$3.00 net
rim e s in olive drab
by Sergeant John Pierre Roche, U.S.A.
Doughboy verses by a Doughboy, celebrating the life
in camp and field and love of the American fighting
man. They'll appeal to every soldier or to anyone
who ever knew a soldier.
$1.00 net
po e m :: by Geoffrey Dearmer
The first book of a young English soldier poet whose
work has aroused the admiration of English critics
everywhere.
$1.00 net
robert m. mcbride & co., publishers, New York
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


236
[September 19
THE DIAL
NOTES AND NEWS
Germany to Sweden in an aeroplane. The same pub-
lishers announce “Rumania's Sacrifice: Her Past, Pres-
The translator (authorized) of “Poilu, What Are
ent and Future," by Gogu Negulesco.
You Fighting For?" in this issue has supplied the fol-
The October list of Dodd, Mead & Co. will include
lowing note about the author:
a new play by Maeterlinck, “The Betrothal: or The
“In 1893 Henri Barbusse won the 'Echo de Paris'
Blue Bird Chooses," a sequel to “The Blue Bird." In
prize for poetry and two years later he published a
this play, which will be produced here this season by
volume of poems entitled 'Les Pleureuses.' In 1903
Mr. Winthrop Ames, Tyltyl goes in search of a
he published his first novel, 'Les Suppliants,' and in
sweetheart.
1908 'L'Enfer' ('The Inferno'; Boni & Liveright).
An official book on shipbuilding, “The Ship Building
When the war broke out M. Barbusse enlisted. He Industry,” by Roy Willmarth Kelly and Frederick j.
was several times cited for bravery in the army proc-
Allen, has just been accepted for immediate publica-
lamations, his latest honorable mention running as
tion by the Houghton Mifflin Co. The work has been
follows: Citation à l'ordre de l'armée No. 117.-Le
prepared with the assistance of the "fleet corporation”
Général commandant la 10e armée cite à l'ordre de
and will be issued under its authority. Mr. Charles
l'armée le soldat Barbusse (Henri) de la 22e com-
M. Schwab has written the preface. The authors are
pagnie du 231e d'infanterie, d'une valeur morale
the directors of the Harvard Vocational Bureau.
supérieure. S'est engagé volontairement pour la
Boni & Liveright announce for October publication
durée de la guerre; a refusé d'être versé dans la
"The Great Change,” by Charles W. Wood. The
territoriale, malgré son âge et son état de santé. S'est
sub-title of the book is “New America as Seen by
toujours offert spontanément pour toutes les missions Leaders of American Government, Industries, and
dangereuses, et notamment pour aider à installer, sous
Education Who Are Remaking Our Civilization"; and
un feu violent, un poste de secours avancé dans les
it is based on interviews with A. W. Shaw, Frank P.
lignes qui venaient d'être conquises sur l'ennemi. In
Walsh, William H. Taft, John Dewey, Franklin K.
1915 M. Barbusse wrote a record of his experience and
Lane, H. L. Gantt, and a score of others.
observation at the front-'Le Feu' ['Under Fire';
Little, Brown & Co.'s September issues, announced
Dutton) and for this book received the Goncourt prize for the nineteenth, include: "The Cradle of the War,"
for 1916. 'Le Feu' has now passed its two hundredth by H. Charles Woods; "George_Westinghouse : His
edition in France. You may say unhesitatingly that
Life and Achievements," by Francis E. Leupp;
M. Barbusse voices the opinions and sentiments of "Nervousness: Its Causes, Treatment and Prevention,"
the French people. He represents the democratic and
by Dr. L. E. Emerson; “Nerves and the War," by
republican France, tolerant, generous, and noble-
Annie Payson Call; "Little Theater Classics,” by
spirited; he represents the virile France that was Samuel A. Eliot, Jr.; "My Chinese Days,” by Gulielma
stupidly calumniated, the France that has so heroically F. Alsop; and two novels—"Our Admirable Betty,”
held back the invader, the France of the great Revo- by Jeffery Farnol, and “The Zeppelin's Passenger," by
lution."
E. Phillips Oppenheim.
“Under Fire” was reviewed by George Donlin in Doubleday, Page & Co., who recently announced
The Dial for November 8, 1917, and by Robert Her a new volume of verse by Rudyard Kipling, “Geth-
rick in the issue of February 14, 1918. The recently semane,"
announce from the same pen a
revised French edition of "L'Enfer" was reviewed by volume pf letters purporting to have been written
Robert Dell in “Our Paris Letter," March 14, 1918.
by an East Indian serving in France. The latter
Robert B. Wolf is manager of the Spanish River will be called "The Eyes of Asia.” The Doubleday,
Pulp and Paper Mills, where for several years he has Page autumn list also includes: “The Love Letters
made a special study of efficiency engineering. His of Anne Gilchrist and Walt Whitman,” edited by
experiments in scientific management there, and the
Thomas B. Harned; "The Future of German In-
- addresses in which he has presented his results, have dustrial Exports," by S. Herzog; and Ambassador
attracted widespread attention.
Morgenthau's account of his experiences in Turkey,
John Hall Wheelock has published the following which has been running in "The World's Work."
volumes of verse: "The Human Fantasy" (1911), “The Mlle. Marguerite Clement, who last year lectured
Beloved Adventure” (1912), “Love and Liberation" in the eastern and central states on the teaching of the
(1913). He is a resident of New York and a member French language, will return to this country for an-
of the staff of Charles Scribner's Sons.
other tour about November 1. Meanwhile she reports
Mary Carolyn Davies is the author of "The Drums that the French Public Board of Education is making
in Our Street,” a volume of poems which Macmillan up a large list of French boys and girls of about high
will bring out this fall.
school age willing to correspond with American boys
and girls who are studying French. It is suggested
that teachers of French in American public and pri-
The Macmillan Co. are issuing Richard H. D. vate schools call this opportunity to the attention of
Boerke's "Our National Forests."
their pupils. Mlle. Clement will bring the French
Henry Holt & Co. are preparing for publication list with her to America and be prepared to supply
this month: "Home Fires in France," by Dorothy Can correspondents to those who are interested. She may
field; "Almanzar," by Frank Davis; "Firecracker be addressed in care of Miss Mabel Ury, 26 Pember-
Jane,” by Alice Calhoun Haines; and “Jungle Peace,” ton Square, Boston.
by William Beebe.
As a result of interest roused in France by Mlle.
Theodore Dreiser's four-act play, "The Hand of Clement's visit of last year a number of young women
the Potter,” announced for publication this month by have applied to her for openings to teach French in
Boni & Liveright, has been postponed until mid-winter the United States. These include several holders of
so that it may be issued simultaneously with the play's the highest university grades (Agrégées), who would
production by the Coburn Players at the Greenwich expect to teach in colleges, and others competent for
Village Theater, New York.
places in high schools and private schools. Any
The Century list for late September includes the schools that may now be interested in this matter can
first English translation of "The Biology of War," by write to Mlle. Marguerite Clement, 4 Impasse Jouven-
G. F. Nicolai, formerly Professor of Physiology in the çal, Versailles, France (until October 19) or to the
University of Berlin. The book was first published Office_National des Universités, 96 Boulevard Ras-
in Switzerland, and the author lately escaped from pail, Paris.
now


1918]
237
THE DIAL
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN
FOUNDATION
25 West 45TH STREET, New YORK
WI
E have issued during the last few
months the following Catalogues,
which will be sent free on application.
In writing, please specify by number
which are wanted..
No. 121. The Medlicott Library. On Anglo-Saxon,
Early English Language, Literature, Antiqui-
ties, and History, Ecclesiastical Law, Ritual,
and History, Heraldry, Lives of the Re-
formers, Public Records, Topography, No-
menclature, etc. 53 pp., 1036 titles.
No. 122. General Americana, including books on the
Indians, Colonial Houses, the Revolution,
New England, French and Indian Wars, etc.
58 PP., 1066 titles.
No. 123. Rare and choice books in fine bindings. 21
pp.,
215 titles.
No. 124. Genealogies and Town Histories, containing
Genealogies. 138 pp., 3005 titles.
No. 125. Autographs. 65 pp., 2977 titles.
No. 126. Sets: Arts and Crafts, First Editions, Art,
Illustrations of the 60's, Nature Books,
Spanish, Roman Catholic Books, Archi-
tecture, Classics, Reference Works, Private
Book Club Publications. 49 pp., 1130 titles.
GOODSPEED'S BOOKSHOP,
BOSTON,
MASS.
F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers'
Representative
156 Fifth Avenue, New York (Established 1905)
RATES AND FULL INFORMATION WILL BE SENT ON REQUEST
THE SCANDINAVIAN CLASSICS
I. COMEDIES BY HOLBERG. Three
sparkling plays by the first great mod-
ern in Scandinavia.
II. POEMS BY TEGNÉR. “Frithjof's
Saga" and other poems of lyric beauty.
III. POEMS AND SONGS BY BJÖRN-
STJERNE BJÖRNSON. The verses
that won the author his title of "Nor-
way's Beating Heart.”
IV. MASTER OLOF. Strindberg's great
national-religious drama with a hero
as strong as Ibsen's Brand, but more
human than he.
V. THE PROSE EDDA OF SNORRI
STURLUSON. Mythical tales of the
North by a master of Old Norse prose.
VI. MODERN ICELANDIC PLAYS.
Sigurjónsson's “Eyvind of the Hills,"
a drama of an outlaw and the noble
woman who shares his exile, together
with the author's earlier work, “The
Hraun Farm."
VII. MARIE GRUBBE. A LADY OF THE
SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. A character
sketch on a rich and colorful back-
ground, by Denmark's greatest word
painter, J. P. Jacobsen.
VIII. ARNLJOT GELLINE. Björnson's
verse romance of the outlawed giant
who came to serve King Saint Olaf.
IX. ANTHOLOGY OF SWEDISH
LYRICS. From 1750 to 1915. Col-
lected and translated in the original
meters with an introduction by Charles
Wharton Stork.
Each volume complete. Price $1.50 net.
NOTE_Selma Lagerlöf's “Gösta Berling"
will be published in October.
THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION
Thirty-eighth Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT
RBVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., New York City
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238
(September 19
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
[The following list, containing 58 titles, includes
books received by The DIAL since its last issue.)
POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
National Self-Govornmont: Its Growth and Principles.
By Ramsay Muir. 8vo, 312 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$2.75.
Departmental Coöperation in State Government. By Al-
bert R. Ellingwood. 12mo, 300 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2.50.
The Government of the British Empire. By Edward
Jenks. Maps, 8vo, 369 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
THE WAR
The Desert Campaigns. By W. T. Massey. Illus-
tratod, 12mo, 174 pages. G. P. Putnam's Song. $1.50,
Ambulancing on the French Front. By_Edward R.
Coyle. Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pages. Britton Pub-
lishing Co. $1.85.
Over the Seas for Uncle Sam. By Elaine Sterne. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 250 pages. Britton Publishing Co.
$1.35.
The Victims' Roturn. By Noëlle Roger. 12mo, 184 pages,
Houghton Miffin Co. $1.
FIOTION
Our Admirablo Betty. By Jeffery Farnol. 12mo, 371
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.60.
Harbor Tales Down North. By Norman Duncan. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 282 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.35.
Battles Boyal Down North. By Norman Duncan. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 269 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.35.
Cheerful-by Request. By Edna Ferber. 12mo, 366
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.40.
Uncle Abner, Master of Mysteries. By Melville Davidson
Post. 12mo, 343 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
POETRY
Anthology of Swedish Lyrics: 1760-1915. By Charles
Wharton Stork. 12mo, 265 pages. The American-
Scandinavian Foundation. $1.50.
War Verso. By Frank Foxcroft. 18mo, 303 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
Child Songs of Cheer. By Evaleen Stein. Illustrated,
12mo, 120 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Over Here. By Edgar A. Guest. 12mo, 188 pages. Reilly
& Britton Co. $1.25.
Jevons Block. By Kate Buss. Tlustrated, 12mo, 63
pages. Four Seas Co. $1.
Visions of Home. By Arthur Harold Wright. 12mo, 27
pages. The Midland Press.
The War Dos. By Edward Peple. 12mo, 23 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cts.
GENERAL LITERATURE
The Joys of Being a Woman. By Winifred Kirkland.
12mo, 282 pages. Houghton Miffin Co. $1.50.
Du Transcendentalismo Considero
Aspect
Social. By Willam Girard. 8vo, 226 pages. Üni-
versity of California Press. Paper, $1.
Shakespeare et L'Allomagno. By Henry Arthur Jones.
(Les Cahiers Britanniques et Americains: No. 5.)
Frontispiece, 12mo, 32 pages. C. Georges-Bazile,
Paris. Paper, 1 fr. 50.
L'Humour Américain. By Stephen Leacock. (Les Ca-
hiers Britanniques et Américains: No. 3.) Frontis-
piece, 12mo, 35 pages. C. Georges-Bazile, Paris.
Paper, 1 fr. 50.
THE ARTS
Essays in the Study of Slonoso Painting. By Bernard
Berenson. Illustrated, 12mo, 112 pages. Frederic
Fairchild Sherman, $3.65.
George Caleb Bingham: the Missouri Artist. By Fern
Helen Rusk, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 135 pages.
Hugh Stephens Co. Limited Edition.
HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE
Early English Advonturers in the East. By Arnold
Wright, Second edition, 8vo, 331 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $4.
Further Indiscretions. By a Woman of No Importance.
Illustrated, 8vo, 354 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5.
Court and Diplomacy in Austria and Germany: What
I Know. By Countess Olga Leutrum. Illustrated,
8vo, 284 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.50.
The Diary of a Girl in France in 1821. By Mary
Browne. Introduction by Euphemia Stewart Browne.
Edited by Hon. H. N. Shore. Illustrated by the
author. 8vo, 188 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
One of Them. By Elizabeth Hasanovitz. 8vo, 333 pages.
Houghton Mimin Co. $2.
Ireland. By Francis Hackett. 12mo, 404 pages. B. W.
Huebsch.
Tho Rosponsible State. By Franklin Henry Giddings.
12mo, 108 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
Stakes of the War. By Lothrop Stoddard and Glenn
Frank. Maps. 8vo, 377 pages. The Century Co.
$2.50.
Britaln After tho Poaco. By Brougham Villiers. 12mo,
249 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50.
Syria: An Economic Survey. By Dr. Arthur Ruppin.
12mo, 92 pages. Provisional Zlonist Committee.
75 cts.
President Wilson and the Moral Alms of tho War, By
Frederick Lynch. 12mo, 124 pages. Fleming H.
Revell Co. Paper.
La Paix par la Diplomatio? Texte Integral des Deux
Lettres au Daily Telegraph avec de Nouvelles
Declarations. Ce quo Coutorait uno Victoire Esern-
sante. By Lord Lansdowne. 12mo, 24 pages. C.
Georges-Bazile, Paris, Paper, 0 fr. 50.
Lo Palx d'un Homme Ralsonnable. By H. G. Wells.
12mo, 8 pages. C. Georges-Bazile, Paris. 0 fr. 25.
Crime Prevention. By Arthur Woods. _Illustrated, 12mo,
124 pages. Princeton University Press. $1.
Tho Thoory of Environmont. By Armin Hajman Koller,
Ph.D. 12mo, 103 pages. George Banta Publishing
Co.
Girls' Clubs: Their Organization and Management. By
Helen J. Ferris. Illustrated, 12mo, 383 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $2.
Women as Sox Vondors. By R. B. Tobias and Mary E.
Marcy. 18mo, 58 pages. Charles H. Kerr Co. 60
cts.
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
Psychology and the Day's Work. By Edgar James
Swift. 8vo, 388 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
The Problem of Life By FitzGerald Broad. 12mo, 162
pages. Brentano. $1.
Social Antagonisms. By Arland D. Weeks. 12mo, 142
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. 60 cts.
The Oregon Missions. By Bishop James W. Bashford.
12mo, 311 pages. The Abingdon Press. $1.25.
Old Truths and Now Facts. By Charles E. Jefferson,
D.D. 12mo, 223 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25.
Religion and War. By William Herbert Perry Faunce.
12mo, 188 pages. The Abingdon Press. $1.
The Now Testament Manuscripts in the Freer Collec-
tion. Part II: The Washington Manuscript of the
Epistles of Paul. By Henry A. Sanders. Illus-
trated, 4to, 86 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Shortor Bible: The New Testament. Translated and
Arranged by Charles Foster Kent. 16mo, 305 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Mystery Rollgions and the New Testament. By
Harry C. Sheldon. 16mo, 155 pages. The Abing-
don Press. 50 cts.
The Rural Church Serving the Community. By Edwin
L. Earp. 12mo, 144 pages. The Abingdon Press.
75 cts.
The Great Expectancy. By Margaret Prescott Montague.
16mo, 38 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 35 cts.
REFERENCE AND MISCELLANEOUS
The Motor Truck as an Aid to Business Profits.
S. V. Norton. Illustrated, 8vo, 509 pages. A.
B.
Sbaw Co$7.50.
A Dictionary of Miutary Terms. By Edward S. Farrow.
Illustrated, 16mo, 682 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. $2.50.
Henrt of Europe. By Ralph Adams Cram. Illustrated,
Svo, 825 pages. . Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Dr. Frank Crane's Opinion of Astrology. By Frank
Theodore Allen. 12mo, 96 pages. Frank Theodore
Allen. $1.
Chicago University: The President's Roport, 1916-1917.
Svo, 262 pages. University of Chicago Press.
BOUS
SOD


1918]
239
THE DIAL
Are You Reading
Our National Quarterly ?
THE
YALE
REVIEW
Edited by WILBUR CROSS
LW et
VERITAS
for October
THE NEW UNITED STATES
By Albert Bushnell Hart
War changes, present and future
AMERICAN AND BRITON
By John Galsworthy
Their differences and common interests
REIMS CATHEDRAL
By Ralph Adams Cram
A master-builder's description of it as it is to-day and
plea for its permanent sanctification
JAPAN'S DIFFICULT POSITION
By K. K. Kawakami
Her peculiar problems and attitude toward America
THE WAR NOVELS
By Katharine Fullerton Gerould
A clever yet sympathetic discussion
THE REVOLUTION IN FARMING
By E. G. Nourse
Modern coöperative business methods in our food pro-
duction
FALLACIES OF WAR FINANCE
By G. Reinold Noyes
How taxation and bonds should pay for the War
TANKS
By Henry Seidel Canby
LITERARY PAPERS by Wilbur Cross and Edward M.
Chapman, and POEMS by Alfred Noyes, Grace Hazard
Conkling, Karle Wilson Baker, Sara Teasdale, Etc.
SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER
TO THE YALE REVIEW,
New Haven, Conn.
Sirs: Please find enclosed my cheque for $2.50, for which send me The Yale Review (quarterly) begin-
ning with October, 1918, for one year, and, FREE, a copy of "War Poems from the Yale Review."
Name.....
Address
City....
“War Poems from The Yale Review" (just published) contains the best of the notablo war-
time poetry published by The Yale Review, contributed by John Masefield, Alfred Noyes, W. M.
Lotts, Louis Untermeyer, Robert Frost, John Finloy, Irene Mcleod, etc., and sold by all booksellers
at ono dollar.
DIAL
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


240
[September 19, 1918
THE DIAL
READY SEPTEMBER 26th
HOME FIRES IN FRANCE
Ву
DOROTHY CANFIELD
Author of THE BENT TWIG
This book is fiction written in France out of a lifelong familiarity with the French and two
years' intense experience in war work in France. It is a true setting-forth of personalities and
exporiences, French and American, under the influences of war. It tells what the war has done
to the French people at home. In a recont letter, the author said: "What I write is about such
very well-known conditions to us that it is hard to remember it may be fresh to you, but it is
so far short of the actual conditions that it seems pretty pale, after all."
“The finest work of fiction produced from an American by the war.”—Prof. Wm. Lyon Phelps,
Yale.
"Of all the stories that have come to us from war-stricken France, we have not read any to
compare with this. . . Beyond all doubt the most touching and inspiring human documents you
could ever read. Each one is a masterpiece and each one is based on actual facts that have come
under the author's personal notice. Only the names and locations have been altered."-The
Pictorial Review.
$1.35 net
JUNGLE PEACE
Ву
WILLIAM BEEBE
This volume is largely made up of the articles with which Mr. Beebe has delighted Atlantic
readers. It is a book of science and a book of travel. It will appeal to the layman as W. K.
Hudson, John Burroughs, or Thoreau appeals, and to the scientist for its sound observation in
new fields.
Illustrated from photographs, $1.75 net
One continuous chuckle-ALMANZAR-One continuous
-One continuous chuckle
By
J. FRANK DAVIS
“Almanzar” is the story of a colored house-boy down in "San Antone,” of his "white folks,”
and of negro society in the Texas city as Almanzar knows it. He is a modern negro inter-
preted lovingly, kindly, and as a human being in a story full of delicious "cullud” humor. Al-
manzar's amorous adventures—he was always having a new “lady"-furnish part of the fun, and
his combination of childlike trust and native shrewdness furnish more. The book is one con-
tinuous chuckle.
With frontispiece, $1.00 net
CORNHUSKERS
By
CARL SANDBURG
Author of Chicago POEMS
Carl Sandburg's first book, "Chicago Poems,"
placed its author well to the front in the rank of
contemporary poets of the modern school. In
“Cornhuskers," Mr. Sandburg is concerned less
with the city and more with the Prairie which
will be "here when the cities are gone," and there
is evident in this work a stronger lyric note than
in the earlier volume.
$1.30 net
OUTCASTS IN
BEULAH LAND
Ву
ROY HELTON
Roy Helton is a Southern mountaineer come
to Northern cities with a true eye for the human
nature in their crowded life. He writes of
beggars and millionaires, shop girls and "ladies,"
honest folk and thieves, the here and the here-
after.
$1.30 net
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY, 19 W 244th St
GROLIER CRAFT
68 PRESS, INC., N. Y.


Why Reconstruction ?
THE DIAL
A FORTNIGHTLY
VOL. XLV
LÝr
NEW YORK
NO. 774
OCTOBER 5, 1918
.
.
.
.
.
.
Why RECONSTRUCTION ?
Harold Stearns 249
Faces
. Verse
Lola Ridge 252
AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION : Gosse and Moore, I
George Moore 253
A CITY PARK.
. Verse
Alter Brody 256
Wanted AWAGNER FOR THE Movies
William Ellery Leonard 257
The TWILIGHT OF ROYALTY .
Harold J. Laski 258
PHILOSOPHY BY MAGIC .
M. C. Otto 259
A LITERARY SWASHBUCKLER
Henry B. Fuller 261
Who PAYS FOR WAR? .
George M. Janes 262
STRONG TIMBER
Louis Untermeyer 263
EDITORIAL
265
FOREIGN COMMENT: A Different kind of Strike.
267
COMMUNICATIONS: Exclusive Americanism.—More Advice About Policy.
268
Notes on New Books.
270
.
.
Criminology.-From Bapaume to Passchendaele.—The Psychology of Conviction.—Principles of
Ocean Transportation.- Prophets of Dissent.—Legislative Methods in the Period Before 1825.-
Land's End.—Heart of Europe.-Hours of France.
The Dial is published every other Saturday by The Dial Publishing Co., Inc., Martyn Johnson, Pres.; Scofield
Thayer, Sec.-Treas., at 152 West 13th St., New York, N. Y. Entered as Second-Class matter at the Post Office at
New York, N. Y., August 3, 1918, under the act of March 3, 1897. Copyright, 1918, by The Dial Publishing Co., Inc.
Foreign postage, 50 cents.
$3.00 a Year
15 Cents a Copy
Notice to reader: Whon you finish reading this
magazino, place . one-cont stamp on th no-
tleo, mall the magazina, and it will bo placed
in the hands of our soldlon or sallon des-
tined to proceed overseas. No wrapping-ho
Addrma. A 3. Burleton, Postmaster General.


238
(September 19
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
(The following list, containing 58 titles, includes
books received by The DIAL since its last issue.]
POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS
National Self-Government: Its Growth and Principles.
By Ramsay Muir. 8vo, 312 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$2.75.
Departmental Coöporation in State Government. By Al-
bert R. Elungwood. 12mo, 300 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2.50.
The Government of the British Empire. By Edward
Jenks. Maps. 8vo, 369 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
THE WAR
The Desert Campalgns. By W. T. Massey. Illus-
tratod, 12mo, 174 pages. G. P. Putnam's Song. $1.50.
Ambulancing on the French Front. By_Edward R.
Coyle. Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pages. Britton Pub-
lishing Co. $1.35.
Over the Seas for Unolo Sam.' By Elaine Sterne. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 250 pages. Britton Publishing Co.
$1.35.
The Victims' Roturn. By Noëlle Roger. 12mo, 184 pages.
Houghton Miiin Co. $1.
FICTION
Our Admirablo Botty. By Jeffery Barnol. 12mo, 371
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.60.
Harbor Tales Down North. By Norman Duncan. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 282 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.35.
Battles Royal Down North. By Norman Duncan. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 269 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.35.
Cheerful-by Request. By Edna Ferber. 12mo, 366
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.40.
Uncle Abnor, Master of Mystories. By Melville Davisson
Post. 12mo, 343 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
POETRY
Anthology of Swedish Lyrics: 1750-1915. By Charles
Wharton Stork. 12mo, 265 pages. The American-
Scandinavian Foundation. $1.50.
War Verse. By Frank Foxcroft. 16mo, 303 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
Child Songs of Cheer. By Evaleen Stein, Illustrated,
12mo, 120 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Over Here. By Edgar A. Guest. 12mo, 188 pages. Reilly
& Britton Co. $1.25.
Jevons Block. By Kate Bugs. Illustrated, 12mo, 63
pages. Four Seas Co. $1.
Visions of Home. By Arthur Harold Wright. 12mo, 27
pages. The Midland Press.
The War Dog. By Edward Peple. 12mo, 23 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cts,
GENERAL LITERATURE
The Joys of Being a Woman. By Winifred Kirkland.
12mo, 282 pages. Houghton Mimin Co. $1.50.
Du Transcendentalisme Considero sous SON Aspect
Social By William Girard. 8vo, 226 pages. Üni-
versity of California Press. Paper, $1.
Shakespeare et L'Allomagne. By Henry Arthur Jones.
(Les Cahiers Britanniques et Americains: No. 5.)
Frontispiece, 12mo, 32 pages. C. Georges-Bazile,
Paris. Paper, 1 fr. 50.
L'Humour Américain, By Stephen Leacock. (Les Ca-
hiers Britanniques et Américains: No. 3.). Frontis-
piece, 12mo, 35 pages. C. Georges-Bazlle, Paris.
Paper, 1 fr. 60.
Ireland. By Francis Hackett. 12mo, 404 pages. B. W.
Huebsch.
Tho Responsible Stato. By Franklin Henry Giddings.
12mo, 108 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
Stakos of the War. By Lothrop Stoddard and Glenn
Frank. Maps. 8vo, 877 pages. The Century Co.
$2.50.
Britain After tho Peaco. By Brougham Villiers. 12mo,
249 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50.
Syria: An Economic Survey. By Dr. Arthur Ruppin.
12mo, 92 pages.
Provisional Zionist Committee.
75 cts.
President Wilson and the Moral Alms of tho War. By
Frederick Lynch. 12mo, 124 pages. Fleming H.
Revell Co. Paper.
La Palx par la Diplomatio? Texte Integral des Deux
Lettres au Daily Telegraph avec de Nouvelles
Declarations. Ce quo Couterait UDO Victoire Escra-
sante. By Lord Lansdowne. 12mo, 24 pages. C.
Georges-Bazile, Paris. Paper, 0 fr. 50.
Lo Paix d'un Homme Raisonnable. By H. G. Wells.
12mo, 8 pages. C. Georges-Bazile, Paris. 0 fr. 25.
Crime Prevontion. By Arthur Woods. Illustrated, 12mo,
124 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.
The Theory of Environment. By Armin Hajman Koller,
Ph.D. 12mo, 103 pages. George Banta Publishing
Co.
Girls' Clubs: Their Organization and Management. By
Helen J. Ferris. Illustrated, 12mo, 383 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co.
Women as Sox Vondors. By R. B. Tobias and Mary E.
Marcy. 18mo, 58 pages. Charles H. Kerr Co. 50
cts.
PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
Psychology and the Day's Work, By Edgar James
Swift. 8vo, 388 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
The Problem of Lifo. By FitzGerald Broad. 12mo, 162
pages. Brentano. $1.
Social Antagonisms. By Arland D. Weeks. 12mo, 142
pages. A, C. McClurg & Co. 60 cts.
The Oregon Missions. By Bishop James W. Bashford.
12mo, 311 pages. The Abingdon Press. $1.25.
Old Truths and New Facts. By Charles E. Jefferson,
D.D. 12mo, 223 pages. Fleming H, Revell Co. $1.25.
Religion and War. By William Herbert Perry Faunce.
12mo, 188 pages. The Abingdon Press. $1.
The Now Testament Manuscripts in the Froer Collec-
tlon. Part II: The Washington Manuscript of the
Epistles of Paul. By Henry A. Sanders. Illus-
trated, 4to, 86 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Shortor Biblo: The New Testament. Translated and
Arranged by Charles Foster Kent. 16mo, 305 pages.
Charles Scribner's Song. $1.
The Mystery Religions and the New Testament. By
Harry C. Sheldon. 16mo, 155 pages. The Abing-
don Pregg, 50 cts.
The Rural Church Serving the Community. By Edwin
L. Karp. 12mo, 144 pages. The Abingdon Press.
75 cts.
The Great Expectancy. By Margaret Prescott Montague.
16mo, 38 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 35 cts.
REFERENCE AND MISCELLANEOUS
The Motor Truck as an Aid to Business Profits.
S. V. Norton. Illustrated, 8vo, 509 pages. A.
Shaw Co, $7.50.
A Dictionary of Miltary Terms. By Edward S. Farrow.
Illustrated, 16mo, 682 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. $2.50.
Heart of Europe. By Ralph Adams Cram. Illustrated,
8vo, 325 pages.
Charles Scribner's Song. $1.50.
Dr. Frank Crane's Opinion of Astrology.
By Frank
Theodore Allen, 12mo, 96 pages. Frank Theodore
Allen. $1.
Chicago University: The President's Report, 1916-1917.
Svo, 262 pages. University of Chicago Press.
THE ARTS
B.
1
Essays in the Study of Sienoso Painting. By Bernard
Berenson. Illustrated, 12mo, 112 pages. Frederic
Fairchild Sherman. $3.05.
George Caleb Bingham: the Missouri Artist. By Fern
Helen Rusk, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 135 pages.
Hugh Stephens Co. Limited Edition.
HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE
Early Eng Ush Advonturers in tho East, By Arnold
Wright. Second edition. 8vo, 331 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $4.
Further Indisoretions. By a Woman of No Importance.
Illustrated, 8vo, 354 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5.
Court and Diplomacy in Austria and Germany: What
I Know. By Countess Olga Leutrum. Illustrated,
8vo, 284 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.50.
The Diary of a Girl in France in 1821. By Mary
Browne. Introduction by Euphemia Stewart Browne.
Edited by Hon. H. N. Shore. Illustrated by the
author. 8vo, 188 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
One of Them. By Elizabeth Hasanovitz. 8vo, 333 pages.
Houghton Mimin Co.


1918]
239
THE DIAL
Are You Reading Our National Quarterly ?
THE
YALE
REVIEW
Edited by WILBUR CROSS
LYX et
VERITAS
for October
THE NEW UNITED STATES
By Albert Bushnell Hart
War changes, present and future
AMERICAN AND BRITON
By John Galsworthy
Their differences and common interests
REIMS CATHEDRAL
By Ralph Adams Cram
A master-builder's description of it as it is to-day and
plea for its permanent sanctification
JAPAN'S DIFFICULT POSITION
By K. K. Kawakami
Her peculiar problems and attitude toward America
THE WAR NOVELS
By Katharine Fullerton Gerould
A clever yet sympathetic discussion
THE REVOLUTION IN FARMING
By E. G. Nourse
Modern coöperative business methods in our food pro-
duction
FALLACIES OF WAR FINANCE
By G. Reinold Noyes
How taxation and bonds should pay for the War
TANKS
By Henry Seidel Canby
LITERARY PAPERS by Wilbur Cross and Edward M.
Chapman, and POEMS by Alfred Noyes, Grace Hazard
Conkling, Karle Wilson Baker, Sara Teasdale, Etc.
-
SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER
TO THE YALE REVIEW,
New Haven, Conn.
Sirs :- Please find enclosed my cheque for $2.50, for which send me The Yale Review (quarterly) begin-
ning with October, 1918, for one year, and, FREE, a copy of “War Poems from the Yale Review.
Name....
Addres........
City.........
"War Poems from The Yale Review” (just published) contains the best of the notable war.
time poetry publishod by The Yale Review, contributed by John Masofield, Alfred Noyes, W. M.
Letts, Louis Untermeyer, Robert Frost, John Finloy, Irene Mcleod, etc., and sold by all booksellers
at ono dollar.
DIAL
*
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


240
(September 19, 1918
THE DIAL
READY SEPTEMBER 26th
HOME FIRES IN FRANCE
Ву
DOROTHY CANFIELD
Author of THE BENT TWIG
This book is fiction written in France out of a lifelong familiarity with the French and two
years' intense experience in war work in France. It is a true setting-forth of personalities and
experiences, French and American, under the influences of war. It tells what the war has done
to the French people at home. In a recent letter, the author said: "What I write is about such
very well-known conditions to us that it is hard to remember it may be fresh to you, but it is
so far short of the actual conditions that it seems pretty pale, after all."
“The finest work of fiction produced from an American by the war.”—Prof. Wm. Lyon Phelps,
Yale.
“Of all the stories that have come to us from war-stricken France, we have not read any to
compare with this. : : Beyond all doubt the most touching and inspiring human documents you
could ever read. Each one is a masterpiece and each one is based on actual facts that have come
under the author's personal notice. Only the names and locations have been altered.”—The
Pictorial Review.
$1.35 net
JUNGLE PEACE
Ву
WILLIAM BEEBE
This volume is largely made up of the articles with which Mr. Beebe has delighted Atlantic
readers. It is a book of science and a book of travel. It will appeal to the layman as W. K.
Hudson, John Burroughs, or Thoreau appeals, and to the scientist for its sound observation in
new fields.
Illustrated from photographs, $1.75 net
One continuous chuckle-ALMANZAR-One continuous chuckle
Ву
J. FRANK DAVIS
“Almanzar” is the story of a colored house-boy down in "San Antone,” of his "white folks,”
and of negro society in the Texas city as Almanzar knows it. He is a modern negro inter-
preted lovingly, kindly, and as a human being in a story full of delicious "cullud" humor. Al-
manzar's amorous adventures—he was always having a new “lady"-furnish part of the fun, and
his combination of childlike trust and native shrewdness furnish more. The book is one con-
tinuous chuckle.
With frontispiece, $1.00 net
CORNHUSKERS
By
CARL SANDBURG
Author of Chicago POEMS
Carl Sandburg's first book, "Chicago Poems,"
placed its author well to the front in the rank of
contemporary poets of the modern school. In
"Cornhuskers," Mr. Sandburg is concerned less
with the city and more with the Prairie which
will be "here when the cities are gone,” and there
is evident in this work a stronger lyric note than
in the earlier volume.
$1.30 net
OUTCASTS IN
BEULAH LAND
By
ROY HELTON
Roy Helton is a Southern mountaineer come
to Northern cities with a true eye for the human
nature in their crowded life. He writes of
beggars and millionaires, shop girls and “ladies,"
honest folk and thieves, the here and the here-
after.
$1.30 net
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY, 'NEW R14th St
GROENBORD SOMIGLIORTUR*
GROLIER CRAFT
68 PRESS, INC., N. Y.


Why Reconstruction ?
THE DIAL
A FORTNIGHTLY
VOL. XLV LXT
NEW YORK
NO. 774
OCTOBER 5, 1918
.
.
.
.
Why RECONSTRUCTION ?
Harold Stearns 249
Faces
Verse
Lola Ridge 252
AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION: Gosse and Moore, I
George Moore 253
A CITY PARK .
. Verse
Alter Brody 256
WANTEDA WAGNER FOR THE Movies
William Ellery Leonard 257
The Twilight of ROYALTY .
. Harold J. Laski 258
PHILOSOPHY BY Magic .
M. C. Otto 259
A LITERARY SWASHBUCKLER.
. Henry B. Fuller 261
Who PAYS FOR WAR? .
George M. Janes 262
STRONG TIMBER
Louis Untermeyer 263
EDITORIAL
265
FOREIGN COMMENT: A Different kind of Strike.
267
COMMUNICATIONS: Exclusive Americanism.—More Advice About Policy.
268
Notes On New Books.
270
.
.
.
.
.
Criminology.-From Bapaume to Passchendaele.-The Psychology of Conviction.—Principles of
Ocean Transportation.--Prophets of Dissent.-Legislative Methods in the Period Before 1825.-
Land's End.—Heart of Europe.-Hours of France.
The Dial is published every other Saturday by The Dial Publishing Co., Inc., Martyn Johnson, Pres.; Scofield
Thayer, Sec.-Treas., at 152 West 13th St., New York, N. Y. Entered as Second-Class matter at the Post Office at
New York, N. Y., August 3, 1918, under the act of March 3, 1897. Copyright, 1918, by The Dial Publishing Co., Inc.
Foreign postage, 50 cents.
$3.00 a Year
15 Cents a Copy
Notice to reader: Whon you finish reading this
magazine, place . one-cont stamp on this no.
tlee, mall the magazino, and it will bo placed
in the hands of our soldlon or sallon dos.
tined to proceed overseas. No wrappinno
addre, A. S. Burleton, Postmaster General.


42
October 5
THE DIAL

The German Yoke
Never will the German yoke
be fitted to an American neck,
but it's up to you to kill such
German hopes by
Buying Liberty Bonds
Until It Hurts
BUY Liberty Bonds TODAY
Any Bank Will Help You
Lend
the way they
Fight
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to your UTMOST
LIBERTY LOAN COMMITTEE
Second Federal Reserve District
120 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
This Space Contributed by
THE DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


1918
243
THE DIAL
and Gentler
On War Topics
Literature
Examine these volumes at any Bookshop – Perhaps you want them.
Author
Wilhelm Mühlon
Prince Lichnowsky
Poultney Bigelow
Norman Angell
Book
Substance
The Vandal Mühlon, a director of Krupp's, intimate with
of Europe
the ruling powers, was banished when this, his
diary became public.. The amazing journal of
12 mo, $1.50 net
a prominent German who learned to loathe the
machinations of his countrymen.
The Guilt of Lichnowsky's famous memorandum, in which
Germany
he charges Germany with the entire blame of
12mo, frontispiece,
the war. The story of his German Ambassa-
75 cents
dorship at London from 1912 to August, 1914.
Genseric
An analogy between the “First Prussian
King of the
Kaiser" and his Potsdam prototype of today.
Vandals
"We crown Mr. Bigelow's latest work with
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a fresh view is given of its variation in atmos-
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An amazingly clever study, historical and bio-
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244
October 5
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LIPPINCOTT
BOOKS
ET
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1918
FOR SALE AT ALL
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The War and the Coming Peace
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245
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The Four Horsemen of
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When Chenal Sings the "Marseillaise
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H. G. WELLS' NEW NOVEL
JOAN & & PETER
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THE BOOK OF THE YEAR
IRELAND AIMS of LABOUR
By ARTHUR HENDERSON, M.P.
The
AIMS of LABOUR
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$1.00 (weight 1 lb.).
A STUDY IN NATIONALISM
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$2.00 (weight 2 lbs.).
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LETTERS &
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$1.00 (weight 1 lb.).
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FRANCIS HACKETT
By LUDWIG LEWISOHN
A BOOK OF CRITICISM
The POETS of
By
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A notable contribution to the spiritual his-
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Part I. A critical and philosophical account
It has a new introduction, five essays on
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sketches of the poets.
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October 5
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SKIPPER JOHN OF THE NIMBUS FINDING THEMSELVES
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THE DIAL
A FORTNIGHTLY
Why Reconstruction?
scores,
one
EFEAT Germany first; reconstruction will take
In a word, waging a modern war is recon-
care of itself”-such is too frequently the attitude struction in itself. Winning the war has proved not
of Americans towards the proposal to begin plan to be so simple as in the old days of romantic
ning reconstruction today. It is an understandable combat. It is a large-scale, corporate undertaking.
attitude. The almost fatally necessary condition for Whether we know it or not, we are talking recon-
any large social or popular action is that the general struction every day. We are thinking it and work-
community intelligence shall be focussed on ing at it.
thing at a time. To ask the popular mind to keep And there is a second reason—perhaps less ma-
two objects in view simultaneously is almost like terial, but certainly as insistent—why we must begin
asking a child to get up and lie down at a single at once to plan deliberately for reconstruction. We
command. Dividing popular attention is like split are committed as a matter of honor to a new world,
ting an army in two. Mass action derives its effect a world of democracy in which wars will be made
iveness largely from the intensity of its purpose. impossible, or at least more difficult than they have
Yet none of these observations, however true or ever been in the past. Pledged to no selfish nation-
pointed they may be in themselves, really applies to alistic aims of our own, we have begun to realize
the actual facts as they are today.
that our task in this war is not merely to win peace,
For reconstruction is not something to follow but to keep the peace after it is won. We know
after the war; it is part of the war itself. We now that there can be no return to the status quo
ought not to say: "We shall begin to plan for recon ante. And we are beginning also to realize that
struction as soon as a victorious peace is in sight." mere geographical readjustments are not fundamen-
It is considerably nearer the truth to say that only tal; that we must create a new world industrially,
because and in so far as we have already recon financially, economically, just as certainly as a new
structed our national life from top to bottom have world politically. This will demand every ounce of
we a right to be sure that a victorious peace will our energy for constructive planning. As a matter
ever come in sight. And that process of reconstruct both of immediate necessity and future policy we
ing our national life has already gone much deeper cannot postpone this planning until the peace con-
than mere changes in organization of our resources.
ference meets. We cannot enter the state of peace
It is psychological. We have begun to think in with the same degree of unpreparedness with which
large-scale terms. We have begun to see the work we entered the state of war. For the day that for-
ings of cause and effect from an entirely new mal hostilities end, the war on the problems which
angle. The common man has become more vitally will then face the world will begin. We dare not
interested in the problems of economics and industry face them unprepared.
than were formerly the theorists of the universities. All this is making us uneasy. We are beginning
To shivering tenement-dwellers the question of coal to ask questions. They are sharp and pressing ques-
distribution has become something more than an aca tions. Will the coal shortage, for example, continue
demic problem. When victory in the field is seen during the winter of 1919-20, as we know it is bound
to demand cold houses at home, the policy of the
to do this next winter? For how many years and to
draft boards with respect to essential industries be what extent will it continue after the signing of
comes of lively personal interest to every coal-con- peace? How can it be remedied? Will state con-
sumer.
When the lesson of one lump of sugar trol be extended or relaxed ? What will be the
at the breakfast table and months of wheatless days new fiscal system? What shall be done with the
has taught us that patriotism involves much more returned soldiers? What will be the state of indus-
than waving a flag, the rulings of the Food Admin- try? There are hundreds of equally insistent ques
istration are as interest-provoking as the baseball tions, each demanding an intelligent and foresighted


250
October 5
THE DIAL
answer,
if
peace is not to mean merely economic and papers. That habit of mind which Mr. Thorstein
industrial chaos. But before we can approach to Veblen has so well exposed as the result of the
anything like an answer for any of these questions, common man's coming into intimate contact with
indeed before we can even explicitly formulate them, machine technology will probably be increased rather
we need to take something of a survey of the mate than lessened. It is a habit of mind which is sub-
rials with which we already have—and in increasing versive of the conventional views of national integ-
measure will have to deal.
rity, business freedom, and vested interests. It is
There is, first of all, the human material. It is both skeptical and inquiring. It will probably be
pretty generally agreed that the returned soldier will bold.
dominate the civilian population. It is hardly likely But it will encounter what the human spirit
that groups of intriguing business men or of poli- always encounters—the facts of the world as they
ticians will be able, so easily as in the past, to direct are. For the bare physical facts of the world as it
the entire flow of popular opinion and action. Now will be on the conclusion of hostilities constitute the
there are two distinct views about the returned sol- second set of materials with which we shall have to
dier. One plausible view is that the soldier will be deal. Much will have been destroyed. The impov-
so fed up with conflict and strife that he will be glad erishment of resources will be real. Herds will have
to return to the quietest of civilian life; that he been killed off, and re-breeding will take anywhere
will be content merely to hear the birds twitter in from five to ten years. The statistics of world pro-
the tree-tops. Modern warfare, for the larger pro- duction in essential grains show an absolute rather
portion of common soldiers after the training period than relative decrease for the last three years. The
is over, is often a long period of loafing interrupted iron and coal and chemicals used for purely war
by occasional flares of intense activity. Coupled purposes can never be recaptured. Furthermore,
with this is the indisputable fact that many men this condition of positive impoverishment will be
will be unwilling to return to the dull routine of heightened by the fact that the demand for the essen-
clerical or factory life which they knew before the tials will be notably increased-people will not so
war. In other words, the men who come home will willingly accept sacrifices as when an external enemy
be both by habit and inclination potential loafers is attacking. As Gambetta says, “after danger is
who can be exploited by the most unscrupulous dema- past, troubles begin.” It is clear that after the
gogue. And in proof of this view its defenders point war we shall have an increased need and an increased
to the apathy of the Russian peasant soldiers since demand.
demobilization. Yet equally plausible are those Fortunately, there is also positive gain. The
who argue just the contrary. According to that world will have an increased productive capacity
view, men so long inured to violence will be willing such as it has never had before in its history,
to take a chance on anything. Observing that the America more than the rest. We have learned les-
state can spend incredible sums on destruction and sons in the wastes of ordinary business competition,
yet continue as a going concern, the returned soldiers lessons in the pooling of interests, lessons in effect-
will fail to be impressed with the argument that ive "speeding up," lessons in undemocratic control
social experiments cost too much; after all, they of industry (as a detriment to production), lessons
will have just been through a rather reckless and in the increased use of woman power, lessons in or-
costly social experiment themselves. As President ganization. In spite of the drain of war and the
Wilson has himself said, they will not come back removal of millions of workers to the firing lines,
contentedly to the "economic servitude” which they the foreign trade of Great Britain has increased
knew before the war. And, ironically enough, the rather than decreased. After the war, although we
supporters of this view also point to Russia for con shall have paid a high price for it, we shall at
firmation.
least have learned some of the secrets of rapid and
The probabilities are however that both views large-scale production. In all probability the period
are somewhat overemphasized. What we do know, following the war will be a period of tremendous
when we strip off all glamour and myth, is that expansion and activity. Our chief business, if we
modern war is like a tremendously large-scale indus are to remain faithful to the generous pledges under
trial enterprise, with the human risks appreciably which we entered the war, is to make this heightened
greater than in ordinary industry. Everything is industrial and commercial activity avoid the folly
mechanical-transportation, guns, aeroplanes, min- of dividing into competing groups, to make it co-
ing, signals, high explosives, food, even "morale" operative rather than nationalistically self-conscious
as organized in scientific campaigns in the news and purposively narrow. It must be organized on


1918
251
THE DIAL
an international basis or we merely repeat on an view, given an up-to-date state socialist vocabulary,
exaggerated scale the incentives to war which were and on the other the vision of internationalism
characteristic of the nineteenth century.
vision, as its opponents call it, but an attitude really
There will be many who will try to prevent this. more consonant with the actual facts of large-scale
In every country we can see the politicians, those in industry, scattered raw materials, transportation, and
a dominant economic or industrial position, those international interdependence as they exist in 1918.
with the aura of unearned prestige still about them, This struggle between conflicting points of view
attempting to make what Mr. J. A. Hobson has may be adjusted reasonably by acquiescence to the
called so well the “closed state.” At the very time new order; it may be bitter.
that so many leaders are telling us to concentrate During the period of dislocation following demo-
all our energies on the war it is well to remember bilization each side will try to catch the advantage.
that schemes for industrial and commercial recon National passions will inevitably be played upon-for
struction are already in many instances faits accom the most part, one suspects, unsuccessfully. There
plis. Governments and commercial classes may will be the usual psychological let-down, such as
preach nothing except war to the populace, but as accompanies the end of all wars, and a perfectly hu-
a matter of fact much of their thought and atten man tendency to throw over all attempts for rational
tion is absorbed in the problems of trade and finance reorganization and to enjoy life while we may. The
after the war. The British Union League is an franker and bolder imperialists in all states will try
example: it preaches protection, imperial preference, to exploit the desire for national economic security-
the development of "key" industries, a frank state as Mr. Hughes is doing in Great Britain and to
socialism. The same forces in France back the gen capture the control of a tired world.
eral recommendations of the Paris Economic Con But many things will play against them. Anger
ference. Even in our own country chambers of com at all sorts of profiteering is very real today; much
merce and similar bodies are laying nationalistic of it has been suppressed in the interest of national
and, in some cases, imperialistic plans.
unity before the external enemy but it will flare
Much of this proposed reconstruction contem up again with peace. When the reaction comes
plates social legislation of a palliative sort, better men will look back with more than the conventional
housing conditions, and is sympathetic to reformist, horror to this war. Its emotional appeal is even
as distinguished from radical, ideals. After all, the now thin, as we have seen in its rather jejune expres-
business men and industrial experts have the exact sions in literature and art. It is almost talked out.
and detailed knowledge on which any scientific plan There are few who have talked to soldiers frankly
for reconstruction must be based, as even the Soviet who say that they detect any inclination on the part
government of Russia discovered and utilized. And of the men who have been through the whole range
it is part of the mythology of radicalism to picture of warlike experience to encourage a system which
all those in powerful positions as necessarily ma divides nations into jealous and competing groups.
licious. Often their conservatism is merely ignor After the procuring of bread, the preservation of
ance; already business men are seeing beyond the peace has come more and more to the worker to
individual industry to national organization, as seem his primary interest. And there is a final and
eventually they must see through to international definitive point: the mechanical and technical facts
organization. Their advice and help will be in of the modern world, with its emphasis on inter-
valuable. And they possess a fund of genuine good national economic coöperation, cannot be wished
will.
away. Ideas must eventuanlly conform and adapt
Liberals however cannot allow this planning to themselves to them.
be done entirely by the interested classes; nor will A skeptical attitude towards reconstruction would
they. Business and industry will contribute their perhaps be justified if there had not already been
technical and scientific knowledge, but they cannot distinctly discernible a shift of interest away from
be allowed to dictate policy, which must be adjusted the romantic and suicidal questions of national or
in the interests of the whole community. Labor political prestige to the more basic questions of
is more alive and intelligent than ever before, not organization and control of industry, the allocation
readily succumbing to the old shibboleths. That can of raw materials, the necessary peace-time interna-
be plainly seen in the program of the British Labortional fiscal system and exchange of credits, the direc-
Party, and in the program generally of the Social tion of the flow of capital, the rates arrangements
ists on the continent. Unless there is reconciliation,
Unless there is reconciliation for the new international merchant marine. In the
we shall find on one side the old-fashioned point of face of what the world is really like today, the


252
October 5
THE DIAL
complete irrelevancy of the nineteenth century con laissez-faire doctrines of competitive business? Shall
cepts of national sovereignty is becoming increasing- the War Labor Board, the War Industries Board,
ly clear. It is not that direct frontal attacks have the Emergency Fleet Corporation, the Fuel and
been made on these concepts. Interest has spon Food Administrations, the Federal Trade Board be
taneously and unerringly shifted away from them. continued? If so, who and what are to determine
It has centered on new questions.
their policies? How are our soldiers to be fitted into
And in America today these questions confront the new economic and industrial life when they
us not only as a matter of immediate interest in return home? What arrangements are we, making
winning the military side of the war but as the even for demobilization? To what international political
more important challenge of preserving the fruits policies are we preparing to commit ourselves? Are
of that victory. Some of the questions are unesca we willing to abandon some of our claims to com-
pable: Shall federal control of transportation and plete sovereignty and have our investments in weak
other public utilities be abandoned after the war? and disorganized countries, if not directed, at least
Have we any plan for the simultaneous and pro- subject to the control of an international authority?
portionate reduction of competitive armaments in all These questions are insistent. Not only our own
countries? How shall the war debt be paid? How happiness in the coming strange days of peace
can we make sure of markets for our products and at depends upon our answer to them, but the happiness
the same time avoid the risk of making other states
of those unknown generations for whom, as we are
jealous? What is the future of our rapidly increas so often rhetorically told, all this anguish and
ing merchant marine? What are our plans concern horror are so freely given. These future generations
ing immigration? How shall industry be reorgan-
may be grateful that we gave so generously of our
ized and what hereafter shall be the status of labor ?
lives. But they will profit from it only if today
Shall the principle of priority rights be recognized
we give as generously of our intelligence.
in law and extended, or shall we return to the old
HAROLD STEARNS.
Faces
I.
II.
A late snow beats
With cold white fists upon the tenements,
Hurriedly drawing blinds and shutters
Like tall old slatterns
Pulling aprons about their heads.
Patrolling arcs,
Blowing shrill blasts over the Bread Line,
Stalk them as they pass.
Silent as though accouched of the darkness.
And the wind noses among them like a skunk
That roots about the heart.
Lights slanting from Mott street
Gibber out,
Or dribble through tea-room slits,
Where anonymous shapes
Conniving behind shuttered panes
Caper and disappear.
Colder.
The Elevated slams upon the silence
Like a ponderous door.
And all is still again,
Save for the wind fumbling over
The emptily swaying faces.
The wind rummaging
Like an old Jew.
Only the Bowery
Is throbbing like a fistula
Back of her ice-scabbed fronts,
Where livid faces
Glimmer in furtive doorways,
Or spill out of the black pockets of alleys
...
Smears of faces like muddied beads,
Making a glastly rosary
The nigh r'lmbles over,
And the 30w with its devilish and silken
whis, r.
Faces in glimmering rows.
(No sign of the abject life
Not even a blasphemy!)
And the spindle legs keep time
To a limping rhythm
And the shadows twitch upon the snow
convulsively,
As though death played
With some ungainly dolls.
LOLA RIDGE.


1918
253
THE DIAL
An Imaginary Conversation
GOSSE AND MOORE
MAID. Mr. Edmund Gosse.
plished upon a drawing; but you are always, if I
Moore. My dear Gosse, how glad I am to see may so express myself, in mid-air, finding your way
you, and how well timed your visit is, you will like the swallow. You find it, it is true, and I be-
acknowledge when I tell you that five minutes be lieve you to be without chart or compass, since you
fore the door opened I left my writings—you see say it. I believe as the pious Christian believes, be-
them all scattered over the table—and came to this cause it is incredible.
fire (which, by the way, isn't wanted on a day like Gosse. I hold the road in my mind's eye.
this) to dream of-whom do you think?-of you, Moore. But the mind's eye cannot carry the
of course, and that two human beings as different various aspects of the road and the multiple inci-
as ourselves should have been friends for forty years. dents of the road. But why do I say “cannot"?
It must be nearly as long as that.
My own mind alone is known to me, and every
GOSSE. Difference in temperament draw men time I begin a fresh subject it seems as if I should
together.
never succeed in unraveling it. Our minds are as
Are we not formed as notes of music are
different as our lives have been. You married early
Tor one another though dissimilar?
in life, and a gulf divides the man that marries in
A late spring fire is responsible for many dreams; the beginning from the man who decides in the
but I should have preferred to hear that it had set beginning that he will remain a bachelor. Your
you thinking of the art that has united us, rather life has been spent in your own home among your
than of superficial differences that failed to divide family, and in clubs. You look at this moment as
us. Not a day has passed these forty years without if you had come from your club. You were edu-
our meditating on the mystery of our art. With cated, and you know literature, Greek and Roman,
you it has been as with me. But I will not delay. French, German, besides a good smattering of
I merely came.
Scandinavian. No lives were ever so different as
MOORE. You must not go.
This visit is most ours, nor temperaments. It never happened to you
opportune. I've been trying to write this afternoon to rush out after dinner to see a friend, or even
and for many previous afternoons for the last fort to desire to do such a thing. Never have I known
night, beginning the same thing over and over again you to pay a casual visit before today.
and again and starting afresh. It was my literary Gosse. My wife begged of me
perplexities, teasing difficulties, that set me dreaming MOORE. It was not then a desire to see an old
of you, sitting pen in hand, your eyes fixed on a friend that compelled you from the Athenaeum, that
clear vision, transcribing it from time to time
august abode of prelaity and literature. I am dis-
accurately and harmoniously, sentence rising out of appointed. I can see you coming through the portals
sentence, paragraph out of paragraph. Have I not
with his Grace, noticing, as soon as you are in the
seen your manuscript, only a word altered here and
air, that an acid little wind is blowing through the
there?
Gosse. But if I do not change on paper, I change
sunshine. You finger the lappet of his lordship's
overcoat, saying, “Rather thin for the season," and
in my mind. I sit pen in hand until the sentence is
completely formed, and any quality that my prose
having deposited his Grace in his carriage and waited
may have it gets from the pen. If I were to dictate
till the rug was tucked about the episcopal breeches,
you hailed a hansom. Did you not feel yourself to
as you do.
MOORE. My dictation is the cartoon, and the
be somewhat of a hypocrite when you called out-
quality, as you call it, and rightly, comes when I be- you didn't dare to call out-"121 Ebury Street"
gin to lick the sentences together.
within hearing of his Grace's coachman? You
Gosse. I couldn't write that way.
lowered your voice as a man does on his way,
MOORE. To me it is incredible that a man should Gosse. I cannot allow you to indulge your imag-
be able to arrange his composition beforehand and ination any longer, though it is all very amusing.
execute it sentence by sentence. Your method re I must beg you to receive without delay my wife's
minds me of painting as it was done in Paris in the message. We have some distinguished visitors com-
seventies piece by piece, leaving off in the middle ing to see us on Sunday, and she will find it hard
of an eye, and finishing the second half the next day. to forgive you if you do not help us to entertain
The painter's task, though difficult, was accom them. Among them are
.


254
October 5
THE DIAL
.
MOORE. A Scandinavian critic and a Danish
into poetry.
And it was this remark thrown out
poet
casually that fired my imagination. A seemingly
GOSSE. I will not stay to hear you talk nonsense unending perspective opened up before me. Ger-
any longer about the nationalities of our visitors, many, I said, expresses herself in music; France and
which do not concern you at all, and I'll go so far Italy in the plastic arts; England, as Gosse says, in
as to say that your remarks make me regret that I poetry. Our poetical literature is the most beauti-
broke through my usual custom of communicating ful, but outside of poetry English genius has accom-
by letter rather than by word of mouth. For it is, plished little or nothing.
as you say, not my custom to call without an ap Gosse. You wouldn't go so far as to say that
pointment, and what has happened today will not English genius has accomplished nothing in prose.
encourage me to repeat my experiment.
Moore. English genius has certainly found
MOORE. I'm sorry indeed if my reckless imagi abundant expression in the essay. Landor, Pater,
nation is to deprive me of your company this after De Quincey, Lamb. You know how I have yielded
noon, for never in my life did I need it more, Liter to these writers, and yourself has demurred on more
ature needs your help, as you will see if you will than one occasion to my unorthodox faith that more
forgive your volatile friend his levity, which, though human souls rise out of Landor's Imaginary Con-
incurable, is harmless. I beg of you to return to versations than out of Shakespeare's plays. Our
your chair, for I cannot talk to you if
you stand conversation became strained as the conversation
irate on the hearthrug fuming. Can I do more than frequently became between Bishop Parker and
apologize for having allowed my imagination to Andrew Marvel. You remember the extraordinary
wander about the portals of the Athenaeum? inrush of character at the words “I shudder." At
Gosse. But I don't belong to that club.
these the Bishop rises into our consciousness, a
Moore. Then why be angry? It is only spiritual entity; in all Shakespeare is there anything
reasonable to be angry at the truth. I shall be glad so swift and telling? But we must keep to the sub-
to entertain your friends to the best of my abilityject of this discussion, that English prose narrative
whatever their nationalities, if
is the weakest part of our literature.
Gosse. You make my wife's request conditional? Gosse. With the exception of one or two master-
MOORE. I beseech you not to be so prickly. I pieces.
make no conditions. I'll come next Sunday to tea
MOORE. I cannot allow that there are any master-
even though I cannot persuade you to stay to help pieces in English prose narrative, for masterpieces
Only this do I ask, that you will allow me are written only by first-rate minds, and I think
to tell you that the subject I have been trying to you will agree with me that only the inferior or-
write for the last fortnight arose out of one of the shall we say ?--the subaltern mind has attempted
subtlest of your critical remarks, for me the most prose narrative in England.
significant single sentence you ever wrote, or that Gosse. If we waive the smaller prose narratives
any man wrote, a sentence that captured and has held of Elizabethan times, we come upon a very remark-
me ever since, driving me at last to the creation of able narrative, Robinson Crusoe. But I see your
the idea, an essay. Half an hour of your time is all point. Defoe sold his pen willingly to whomsoever
I ask for, and your own thought having caused the uld afford to pay for the writing of political
need you can hardly refuse me half an hour of your pamphlets, lampoons, scurrilous novels, literary gar-
time. Our art calls to you.
bage of all kinds; but you must remember that a
Gosse. You have certainly set me wondering man ceases to be a hack writer as soon as he writes
what was the epigram, maxim, aphorism, apotheism, a masterpiece.
or truism that has caused all the trouble with which MOORE. I had not intended to speak of Defoe.
I see the dining-room table littered.
Fielding seemed to give my essay a better start, for in
MOORE. You wrote, but when you wrote the Tom Jones we find the family, and in the drawing-
sentence that captured my imagination I cannot tell room for the first time. Defoe was, as you say, a
you—it must have been in some essay or preface; hack writer, and the theme of my essay is that in-
a casual remark you seemed to consider it, for
you
ferior writers seized upon English prose narrative
did not develop the thought; I wish you had, for as a means of getting money; and the fact that De-
had
you done so you might have removed some of foe was inspired during the first half of Robinson
the errors with which literary criticism is beset; but, Crusoe does not impugn or cast a doubt on the
no, you just said, as if the remark was of no par- validity of my theme. If he'd been inspired from
ticular importance, that English genius had gone start to finish, the matter would be different. Eng-
me.


1918
255
THE DIAL
a dolt.
lish fiction never finishes gallantly; the writers footprint on the sand, out of his own mind, and the
swerve across the course or bolt out of it, or stick subsequent discovery that cannibals had been on the
out their toes—turn it up, as the phrase goes. For. island and indulged in a cannibal feast. In consider-
give this description in racing parlance. English ing the beauty of the subject that chance dropped in
fiction is a hackney; French and Russian narrative front of Defoe (true that it dropped in front of
shows more breeding. This can hardly be denied.
many besides Defoe), it may occur to us that for full
Gosse. I certainly do not deny it.
justice to be done to it a man who was at once a
MOORE. It would seem then that my essay must poet, a philosopher, and a great descriptive writer
begin with Defoe; not with Defoe but with Defoe's was needed; but on consideration doubts will soon
last word, Robinson Crusoe, the most English of all begin to arise if this be so, and we begin to think
books. We are islanders; Crusoe was one. Our that perhaps the story gains by an unaffected ab-
business is the sea. Crusoe was constantly occupied
sence of the grand style. The first part of the story
going to and fro from a wreck. We are a prosaic
prosaic could not be improved, but the end is a sad spectacle
people, what the French could call terre à terre.
for us men of letters the uninspired trying to con-
Nobody was more terre à terre than Crusoe. Eng-
tinue the work of the inspired.
land seems to have expressed herself in her first Gosse. It is quite true that very few people con-
narrative uncommonly well. You see, my dear
tinue the book after Crusoe leaves the island, and
Gosse, that this conversation is already beginning your description of the uninspired trying to continue
to bear fruit. It must be fifty years since I read
the work of the inspired must be accepted, I think,
Robinson Crusoe, but the construction of the first as a just criticism and judgment of the book's end;
part of the story is so regular that it seems to me and I suppose I must allow that if a man cannot
as if I could read the book in memory. The going
carry a book from start to finish without allowing
back and forth on a raft to get food; the finding of
his narrative to drop away he cannot be looked upon
the fowling pieces and cordials. How often did he as a genius of the first rank.
mention that he had discovered a case of cordials?
MOORE. The man of talent may be inspired, but
I used to wonder what cordials were, and why he
the moment of inspiration gone by, he writes like
attached so much importance to the finding of them,
for I come of a family that has been sober for many
Gosse. Not so a man of genius; he always writes
generations. It seems to me that I remember his well; he never gives the show away. My apologies
house and the building of the boat, and the current
for the colloquialism so necessary for the occasion.
that nearly carried him out of sight of the island,
I see you look upon the end of Robinson Crusoe as
for the boat could not be steered out of the current a complete failure.
till he hoisted a sail. It was difficult for a child to
MOORE. An end that nobody reads cannot be
comprehend how a sail that carried him more swiftly looked upon as else than a failure, and the true end
from the island than the current was doing could
seems so obvious that I am puzzled. After the
at the same time enable him to steer out of the cur-
evangelization of Friday I've forgotten if Crusoe
rent. He was almost out of sight of the island when
taught Friday his catechism and his prayers; if he
he put up the sail, and it was with a great relief
didn't, the oversight is incomprehensible; but if we
that I read that the boat answered the helm as soon
begin by supposing that he did not miss this very
as her speed exceeded the speed of the current. The
English point, Crusoe would begin to consider his
unfortunate Stevenson, who tried to write books of
own life in relation to Friday.
adventures, merely wrote a succession of accidents,
Gosse. He did not miss the evangelization.
but in Robinson Crusoe every incident is necessary;
MOORE. I am sincerely glad to hear it. After
and every one is shapen perfectly, and fits into its
Friday had been instructed in the doctrine of the
place: at the right moment we are told that Crusoe's
Atonement, the thought would cross Crusoe's mind
powder and shot began to run short, so instead of
that his life and the savage's would shape out into
an admirable romance; but he would be deterred
shooting the goats, he trapped them; the wild goats
from writing the book for a long time, thinking that
became tame and gave him milk, and from the milk
no one would ever read it, not even Friday.
he may have made butter and cheese-I've forgotten.
GOSSE. Pens and ink and paper are not available
But he certainly made himself a suit of clothes out
on a desert island.
of goat skins; and what is wonderful in this adven-
Moore. There was a wreck.
ture story is the moral idea-man alone with Nature. Gosse. The wreck had gone to pieces long ago.
Defoe may have gotten the desert island from Juan True, he might have saved a good deal of writing
Fernandez, but he got the unforgettable incident, the material from the first wreck. But the dislike to


256
October 5
THE DIAL
the last page.
pass out of this life without leaving some record of captain of the next ship that visits the island the
our passage through it is one entirely alien to the presence of the skeleton by the grave. The captain's
character of Robinson Crusoe. You would make reading the manuscript would have given Defoe an
him into an artist. Defoe was particularly careful opportunity to evoke a new soul, the captain's. How
to avoid this mistake, for he explains, as you would the poor savage must have grieved for his savior
have seen if you had read the end of the book, that and master! “Like a dog," he mutters as he turns
Robinson Crusoe does not write his story till he has
exhausted all the occupations he can devise. It is Gosse. I can see that a good deal is to be said
not till he has tied up the last fruit tree that he sits in favor of entrusting you with the task of pro-
down to write his story.
viding new ends to old masterpieces.
MOORE. A timeworn literary trick that betrays Moore. If we begin to put jokes on each other
the hack writer. Let us avail ourselves, if needs we shall never arrive at the end of our task, which
must be, of it on the island; and accepting Defoe's is a long one, a review of the history of prose narra-
own subterfuge, I say that the taming and instruc tive in England.
tion of Friday being completed there remains little Gosse. Your end strikes me as admirable, but
daily work for Crusoe. Friday does the work, and it would require a greater writer than Defoe to
finding that the afternoons fall languid, Crusoe be execute it, and I'm glad you were not by to sug-
gins to dream, and before long his life rises up before gest it.
him, and from afar. Another ship, he says, will Moore. Why?
come sooner or later, and he'd just as lief be read Gosse. I'm afraid the new wine would have
after his death as before. Crusoe should die before burst the old bottles with that end in view he
Friday, for some admirable pages might be written might not have succeeded in writing the story.
on the grief of the man Friday, intermingled with Moore. You must not think that I'm providing
fears lest his kindred should return and eat him a definite plan for the completion of the story. I'm
Friday, not Crusoe; and Friday, true to his evangeli- only throwing out hints. But there can be no doubt
zation, would bury Crusoe with all the prayers he that Defoe would have done better had he kept
could remember.
Crusoe on the island. And it would be amusing
GOSSE. But who would write this? You cannot to write the end on the lines I have suggested, doing
have two pair of eyes on the island.
for Defoe what Wagner did for Gluck and what
MOORE. Crusoe must not meet with sudden death, Liszt did for many writers. Why should the ar-
rather an accident among the cliffs that would rangements of masterpieces be limited to music?
allow him to continue his memoirs from time to Why should we not rearrange literary masterpieces?
time. I would have the last page of the manuscript Gosse. The rearrangement would not prove
relate Crusoe's anxiety for Friday, who he foresees acceptable.
will die of grief, and Friday's last act, the placing MOORE. It would, if the rearrangement were
of the manuscript in the cave hard by the grave, better than the original.
which would le necessary for the completion of the
(To be continued]
story, for it is the manuscript that explains to the
GEORGE MOORB.
A City Park
I.
II.
Timidly
Against a background of brick tenements,
Some trees spread their branches
Skyward.
They are thin and sapless,
They are bent and weary-
Tamed with captivity,
And they huddle behind the fence,
Swaying helplessly before the wind,
Forward and backward,
Like a group of panicky deer
Caught in a cage.
At Night
I wonder what they are whispering about,
These lean old trees
With their bent heads
Swaying in the night-wind-
What treacheries are they planning together
Nudging each other in the dark
With gnarled fingers,
Scowling at the sleeping tenements
From under their great brows
So ominously?
ALTER BRODY.


1918
2 57
THE DIAL
.
Wanted: A Wagner for the Movies
THE PHOTOPLAY is the one truly popular art-form Both Lindsay and Freeburg speak from intimate
today. Into ten thousand magic caverns, out of the knowledge of many movies and many of the pro-
afternoon sunlight or out of the flare of the great fessional movie-people; but, as the former says in
(or little) white ways of modern earth, go stream a note to the present writer, “my book begins and
ing the millions of its devotees once (or twice) ends with the director. Freeburg begins with the
every twenty-four hours all the year through. No scenario
the true starting point. When
one needs to be reminded of its popularity. But I wrote my book'the scenario was practically non-
many need to be reminded that it is one of the arts; existent.” So rapid has been the growth of the
for in current speech it is simply the "movie new art-form. But how much growth there must
industry," and in current print we have the profes- still be before the still surviving circus elements
sional trade journals, the press-agent write-ups in the gaudy, the sensational, the acrobatic, the senti-
the dailies, or at best the special departments in a mental, the megaphonic, the hodge-podge of mean-
popular monthly or so, with gossip and pictures of ingless events and poster signs—are altogether elim-
favorite stars.
inated, or at least relegated to a "movie melodrama"
In all this there is nothing of principles of criti that shall have as little standing with photoplay art
cism, no creative guidance, for spectator or film com as stage melodrama has with stage art. The diffi-
pany. Yet a few wise men, who see deeper and culty is not alone with the box-office standard of
farther, have already set down something of what successful photoplays. The production of a photo-
we need if out of this popularity is to develop an play, in its technical complexity, requires many hands
appreciation of the art of the photoplay both in it and many minds. There must always be film com-
self (as it is and as it may and should become) and panies, and these must always be “managed”; and
as the means to a finer, more popular appreciation mechanical problems of physics and practical prob-
of the elder arts. Muensterberg in The Photoplay lems of business will always interplay with problems
(Appleton, 1916) analyzed some abstract principles of this art, however far this art may develop. But
of its artistic appeal and its artistic differentiation much greater harmony of imagination, taste, and
from other arts, with the subtle precision of a trained aim is possible and desirable than seems now to exist.
psychologist; and Vachel Lindsay in The Art of the If one creative mind cannot devise the scenario, ar-
Moving Picture (Macmillan, 1916)—fresh from range the sittings, coach the actors, turn the crank,
his experiences, as student, in drawing and painting and cut and fit the celluloid films, there can still be
(now doing a rousing business as poet and trouba- coöperation through subordination when the sce-
dour)-emphasized in an untechnical manner some
nario-writer has, like the dramatist or opera-com-
of its elementary relations to the plastic arts and to poser, mastered the peculiar instrumentalities of his
architecture, and glowed with a vision of its ex medium and can look for intelligent sympathy and
pansive and uplifting social uses in days to come. imaginative help in the "studio"—then at last worthy
Victor 0. Freeburg's The Art of Photoplay Mak- of its old time art-connotations. Until very recently
ing (Macmillan, 1918; $2), as art criticism, is in scenario-writers have not understood the medium in
advance of both—not essentially in accuracy of
its artistic limitations; and directors have not under-
analysis, but in its much greater detail and scope,
stood the medium in its artistic possibilities; and
particularly in its thorough working-out of laws often enough neither has understood either.
well known and universal in other arts (as unity, One might say the ideal would be a mind at once
balance, rhythm) in all their photoplay manifesta creative and directive—one controlling master-spirit
tions of static and fluent composition. Indeed Mr. throughout, a spirit like Wagner at Bayreuth. Such
Freeburg's book would form almost as excellent an a spirit however would, for practical purposes, have
introduction to painting, sculpture, dancing, and to be born within the studio itself; but the photoplay
literature, especially dramatic literature, as to the studio, however dedicated to art, must always be
art of the photoplay, characterized moreover, as its in addition too much of a workshop—factory, office,
style is, by an unusual deftness in the phrasing of garage—to become a likely birthplace of such a
important, though often very elusive, moments of spirit.
thought.
WILLIAM ELLERY LEONARD.


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October 5
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The Twilight of Royalty
MR.
IR. FARRER in The Monarchy in Politics (Dodd, followed the speeches made by Mr. Chamberlain in
Mead; $3) has not trodden so securely this dimly the nobler part of his career with an angry hostility.
lighted path that the trail will not have to be blazed Her attitude to Mr. Gladstone is well summarized
a second time. He is, to be sure, a diligent student in that last tragic episode when even his resignation
and he has produced a capital volume of constitu- could not induce her to ask for his advice. Of
tional anecdota. But he has not been able to seize, course it follows that she loved Disraeli, for the
in any save the dimmest fashion, the real import latter's orientalism cast about her imperial pomp.
of his subject. He has not grasped the ramifications No one praised the Prince Consort with the same
of his problem. There are few students, indeed, to excess as he did; and men still living can remember
whom his volume will not be useful; and that those marvelous days when Belgravia prepared
amorphous species, the general reader, will find it to stomach a Jewish adventurer as the successor of
an admirable book for a dull winter evening. But a German prince.
there its value ends.
There are, of course, the good sides to the Queen
Yet it is a great subject; and if Mr. Farrer has and we must never forget them. She threw the
not himself reflected upon it, he has provided ample halo of respectability about the Crown at a time
materials for reflection. The mere collection of when it was suffering from what may not unjustifi-
his facts dissipates, for instance, that notion so ably be termed moral debility. Anyone who com-
fondly cherished by the constitutional historians that pares the Creevey Papers with the Greville Memoirs
after the accession of Victoria the Crown counted will realize that the center of moral gravity has
for little or nothing in political relations. No one shifted. The Queen replaces Wesley and Wilber-
of course denies its power in the age when George force in the religious heart of her people. She was
III deliberately aimed at the erection of a patriotic always attentive to business.
always attentive to business. She seems to have
kingship to which Parliament should be a sub cared deeply about several popular needs, such as
servient instrument. If he failed, the path of pol housing. Towards the close of her reign mere ex-
itics is in that half-century strewn with the wrecks perience had given her advice a sanction to which
of those men and institutions he dragged with him few others in the kingdom could pretend. But
in his failure. Neither the eldest nor the mildest there is no sign in her of any remarkable ability.
of his sons exercised anything like his influence; She had no real knowledge of the popular forces
though some famous words of Canning to Marcellus at work. Her attitude to the Prince of Wales was
(which Mr. Farrer does not quote) show us that that of a jealous child who will not let her play-
it was not from lack of desire. All this is common mate read her book over her shoulder. On all the
place of the history books; it is when he comes to
dominant issues she seems to have been wrong. She
deal with Queen Victoria that Mr. Farrer has a was in fact exactly what one would expect in a
new perspective to offer. He brings out quite clearly personage who is trying to preserve the prerogatives
the pressure exerted by the Queen in foreign pol- of royalty in an age to which they were unsuited.
itics. That pressure has its good side, as when she That does not mean that she was unpopular; save
urged arbitration in the Alabama case; it has its evil for a few years during the early period of Chartism
side, as when she began to develop an overzealous and in the middle part of her widowhood, when
sense of personal prestige in the Crimean War. It she gave to the mausoleum at Frogmore the tears
is noteworthy that she was always on the side of that her country needed, she was deeply loved; and
large military preparations and that she was so from 1887 she was regarded with something like
blind to the problem of military efficiency as to in- veneration by the whole of Europe. Even the Kaiser,
sist on the retention of the Duke of Cambridge at who is not apt to worship, seems to have come under
the Horse Guards. In domestic politics her in- her spell or sway.
fluence was almost always against the forces of lib But a dispassionate analysis of her reign does not
eralism. She regarded Cobden as a mean agitator, lend itself to favorable comment upon a monarchical
and for years she could see no service in Mr. Bright's system. It does not seem possible to doubt that a
career to justify the offer of that privy councilor monarch entails a court and a court an aristocracy;
ship that is today thrown about like a ninepin. She and these in their time prevent, by the privileges
kept Sir Charles Dilke from the Cabinet because they necessarily deposit, the career that is really open
he scrutinized with a careful eye the expenditure to the talented. English foreign policy would not
upon the more minute members of her family. She have been left to the men of family if English gov-


1918
259
THE DIAL
ernment had been republican. The army would not orate Sir James Barrie, but it must look askance at
have become so largely a social machine were it not Mr. Shaw. It will lunch with tamed labor leaders
that the younger sons of the aristocracy cannot all like Mr. Gompers, but it will not invite Mr. Keir
go into the Church. The prestige of Anglicanism Hardie to its garden parties. And the exiles of half
would have been real instead of factitious, for the the most welcome revolutions find support and a
support it derives from the headship of the Crown resting-place on the grounds of their relationship.
is undeniable. The radicalism of the eighties would All this does not mean that a republic is free from
have been far more successful if the destruction of this social falsity. The court at Washington is less
Dilke had not left Mr. Chamberlain an easy victim select perhaps, but it is equally real; only it is the
to the sinister forces that a court can so well manip more satisfactory since it changes at least every
ulate. The whole point is that the system is on all eight years. Boston is not the only place which
hands bound up with dead or dying traditions that prides itself on birth: I have been introduced to the
it preserves as embalmed corpses. It prevents a full first families of Duluth. But when the follies of
and free discussion of social realities. It preserves every society that counts any prestige other than
the idea of status which is so fatal to the progress mind and heart are set on one side, the fact remains
of liberalism. It provides a rallying-point for the that there is an important social freedom possible
forces of reaction. How true that is anyone can in a republic which is not achieved even in the freest
see who examines the history of the Ulster crisis. of monarchic systems. There is an accessibility in
The Unionist party deliberately perverted a sup the ruling powers, a possibility of basic change,
posed royal preference to selfish party ends, and the which is beyond even the thought of kingship. I
cause of liberty suffered as a consequence.
Nor do not doubt the value of symbols, but the point
can anyone have watched the structure of royalist about kingship is that it does not belong to the
Europe without remarking how the alliance of symbols worthy of acceptance. The divisions it
families affects in dangerous fashion the whole back introduces are unrelated to merit, and they are
ground of international relations. Obvious too is therefore unworthy divisions. A great book has
the false standard of achievement it creates. Poets
one day to be written on the compatibility of any
laureate, court painters are the bywords of the
form of hereditary rule with representative govern-
satirist, but there is a whole area to annex thereto
ment; until it is written I think the experience of
of the eager search for the
France and Switzerland and America throws the
social privileges
trumpery
that hedge a king about. A royal family can dignify burden of proof on those who stand by the ancient
Mr. Kipling, but not Mr. Swinburne. It can dec-
ways.
HAROLD J. LASKI.
Philosophy by Magic
It is
IS AN extraordinary thing to happen to a doc There were limits to our autonomy, but we had
tor's thesis that it should be published as a timely rope. Now since the great scourge swept upon us
book over forty years after it was presented to the out of the troubled East there is for the mass of
academic authorities. The fact is nevertheless that men not even the illusion of self-determination, and
Emil Boutroux's The Contingency of the Laws of those higher up appear free perhaps because seen
Nature (Open Court; $1.50) is more timely today from a distance. An inscrutable necessity in things
than when he presented the thesis at the Sorbonne. seems pushing tumultuously on to its tragic ends,
There may have been a time when men seemed as regardless of the havoc to human beings and to civil-
completely the sport of the cosmic weather as they ization. Is the universė a machine in which the
seem today, but if so it is a fact we know by report, human drama represents a cog in a wheel? Is the
not by experience. We have, it is true, always con present conflict the inevitable denouement of an
tended with restrictions; plans have gone wrong,
eternal fate? And is the future as unalterable as
projects have failed, and for the philosophically the present is, and the past was? Is the very struc-
minded there was always the question of evil and ture of the universe, as well as the order of events,
the defeat called death. But within certain bounds the actualization of undeviating necessity? This
we could map out a program of life. It was not is the question considered in The Contingency of
altogether nonsense to declare:
the Laws of Nature.
I am the master of my fate,
Unfortunately the author's manner of presenta-
I am the captain of my soul.
tion, familiar to those who have attended philosophi-


260
October 5
THE DIAL
1
cal seminars, is such that the book can have only a ings, of men-in each step is involved what the
very limited number of readers. The subject, to be author calls the act; that is to say, an expression of
sure, is itself difficult. But, as William James used creative spontaneity. The amount of creativeness,
to say, men like to hear deep things talked about and hence of contingency, is small in the lower
even if they do not understand what is being said. worlds but ever greater in amount as we come up
It gives them the problematic thrill. And something the ladder, until in man we have a being who not
of the meaning seeps through if men can only be got only dominates himself but the world at large. At
to listen or read. To get them to read this volume the bottom of the ladder there is much necessity and
however will not be an easy matter, especially if little contingency; at the top, much contingency and
they begin with the first chapter instead of the last. little necessity. And the universe is saved from
And I am not speaking of those who have acquired chaos by the fact that all the various orders or worlds
the movie-mind or the Saturday Evening Post power are aiming to realize one ideal, which consists "in
of concentration, but of people who read for mental drawing nearer to God, in resembling Him, each
growth and discipline rather than for emotional in- after its kind." God, as the final but absolutely
toxication. Indeed, few but those specially trained free cause, guarantees both order and freedom.
in higher technical philosophy will be able to follow The best symbol then of the ultimate reason of
the argument of the book. And thus a suggestive things is the moral deed. As for Kant, so for Bout-
discussion of a subject which is of peculiar interest roux, the practical reason, not the theoretical rea-
to our time will get only a small fraction of the son, lays bare the nature of reality. Spontaneous
attention it deserves. It is unfortunate that the doc- activity in conformity with an ideal absolutely
tor's thesis was not entirely rewritten.
worthy of realization is symbolic of divine essence.
M. Boutroux's approach to the problem is meta- Necessity of a sort there is, but not a driving from
physical. He argues that as stability is no more behind by something already there; it is being at-
fundamentally characteristic of the world than tracted by something ahead, a something as yet un-
change, so is necessity no more ultimate than con- realized, which may indeed never be realized. All
tingency or freedom. Things persist, but so do they beings tend to become enamored of the form they
progress or degenerate. In the universe there can be have once assumed and so to become fixed. Thus
distinguished several worlds, superposed on one an- arise properties, forces, instincts, habits. But the
other: the world of pure being, the world of notions, ideal which impelled to activity in these planes can
the world of matter, the living world, and the do so again, just as the vision of an ideal may lead
thinking world. Now in each case it is impossible a man to break through a network of habits to find
to derive the higher world from the lower. There a higher expression of his potentialities. The com-
is always something new in the higher world, some-plete triumph of the ideal, in the shape of the good
thing which cannot be shown to be the elaboration and the beautiful, would do away with the laws of
of anything present in the lower world. No logic, nature, strictly so called, and would replace them
for example, can show that any given form of being by the free fight of human wills towards perfec-
was the necessary resultant of the preceding state- tion, by the "untrammeled hierarchy of souls."
possibility—for in that state there is nothing to Well what shall be said of the value of such a
account for the particular form which being assumed.book? It is not easy to arrive at a just estimate.
In the same way no manipulation of matter and Its emphasis is undoubtedly right. The author does
motion, as science conceives them, can be made to not counsel us to accept the world as it is, but to
yield bodies or things; that again demands some- create the world we want. And he breaks with the
thing besides matter and motion. Similarly no historians who find in an over-simplified reading
aggregation of physical and chemical particles will of the past a configuration of future possibility.
result in a living being, which is not a collection but Moreover he insists upon experiment as “the eternal
a hierarchal system. And so, once more, with the source and rule of science" and the hope of progress.
thinking world, in which case the new element is And yet one closes the book as one leaves a magician:
consciousness. Consciousness cannot be deduced the thing was done, but it was after all a trick. The
from physiological processes or reflex actions, no author has demonstrated that necessity is an illusion,
matter how complicated. Nor can any combination and he has done it over a range of being one had
of sensations give rise to the experience of the unity hardly taken into consideration, and yet one remains
known as self. In each step—from nonentity to in doubt about even such a simple matter as human
being, from being to the world rationalized under freedom. Besides, what is gained by demonstrating
such concepts or notions as genus and species, from metaphysical contingency if all the while we remain
this to the world of matter, of bodies, of living be- caught in the fell clutch of circumstance? We want


1918
261
THE DIAL
some one to speak with authority on the possibility than on acquiescence and conformity. And finally,
of a social state less unfriendly than ours to indi- remembering how autocratic God is generally re-
viduality and initiative; which will give more chanceported to be, one may be pardoned for not becoming
than we at present dream of to such creative possi- enthusiastic about a freedom which has its beginning
bilities as men actually possess; in which a premium and end in him.
shall be put upon spontaneity and uniqueness, rather
M. C. OTTO.
A Literary Swashbuckler
T.
ONE who does not "get to read everything," tessence, expressed in one individual, of the spirit
ONE
and who thus fails in familiarity with certain tracts and temper that have kept the world in anguish
in the wide field of current fiction, Wyndham for the past four years. The author in his preface
Lewis' Tarr (Knopf; $1.75) may seem rather a states that the book was begun eight years back,
nasty mess. Yet even a bubbling kettle can be and that his despicable hero was not produced for
viewed, circumspectly, as a work of art; and one the gratification of primitive partisanship aroused
may perhaps succeed in handling pitch, cautiously, by the war. Kreisler becomes thus a marvel of
without being defiled.
independent observation and of divination; for the
On page 226 our author says: “Tarr had been ordinary reader he is, indeed, the book. The two
the real central and absorbing figure, all along, of women are also Germans. One of them, a lymphatic
course, but purposely veiled
as Kreisler sentimentalist, is handsomely done. The other,
had been of no importance, though propped up in with Russian affiliations and American education,
the foreground." Thus do the two heroes seem to reminds you, in her ineffectiveness, of Paul Bour-
one of the two heroines. But they do not seem so get's earlier cosmopolites. She is scarcely more of
to the reader. Tarr to a large extent is but a bulle a success than Tarr himself. All these people are
tin board for the posting of art-epigrams; the lime turned out from the inside, with an immensity of
light is on him at the start but he soon fades into specious intuition and investigation; but “the Frei-
the background or vanishes into darkness—to emerge herr Otto Kreisler"-as the author loosely puts it-
only at the end, where he tries to take on the attri the "well-behaved," the gentleman with a "uni-
butes of a human creature by oscillating rather versity education," and the "member of an honour-
vilely between the two women. Kreisler, on the able family," is the only one of the set who fully
other hand, has no need to try to be a human
comes through. And "What a set!”—as Matthew
creature; he is one, however repellent. This trans Arnold said of the Godwins and Shelleys.
position of the protagonist prejudices the form and Mr. Lewis finds it necessary to express his views
even the direction, of the book, and makes it hang by means of an incessant peppering of italics and an
lopsided on its hinges.
eccentric system of punctuation. The more viewy
Tarr is an elaborate, driving, and confident he is, the more numerous the italics and the more
study of art-life and of "sex" in Paris. But art wayward the punctuation. Yet when he gets away
is minimized save when Tarr himself bursts into
from his views and hits the narrative stride he
occasional pronunciamientos, and sex is played up writes pure novel: his superfluous typographical dec-
throughout. This may be necessary for holding orations drop away and his page looks as sensible
the attention of the average sensual reader; yet art, as anybody's. This is particularly the case with
as anybody knows who has come close to its pro the chapters dealing with Kreisler's challenge, duel,
duction, really does involve thought, industry, tech- and suicide. The duel is like no other book duel
nique, processes. Mr. Lewis might as well have
ever encountered. It has unlimited vividness, orig-
made his people rounders and prostitutes to start inality, and drive, and seems to promise Mr. Lewis
with—and stopped there. His "art" cuts mighty
as a possible novelist of "première force" after all.
little ice.
To sum up: The novel, for all its meticulous care
For his own good reasons his artists are mostly in the matter of book-divisions, has some uncer-
German: he seems to acknowledge, obscurely, a tainty of form and of goal. Its characterization is
certain affinity for that race. His Kreisler, the confident and pretentious, rather than sound. The
bankrupt and truculent Prussian painter or sculptor physiognomy of the average page is annoying. Here
-one hardly makes out which—is a creation of and there one finds, necessarily, a lack of mere
vividness and mark: he will survive as the quin- verbal decorum. The preface calls upon the artist's


262
October 5
THE DIAL
fellow citizens to allow him more freedom to de heavens for the younger generation, but somewhat
velop his visions and ideas and to permit him to unbridled and absurd to the older. Mr. Lewis
economize time by not having to circumvent the appears to know his Paris-his, not mine, thank
facts of existence. Mr. Lewis has written several God. Nor yours, I hope. His presentation of it is
pages with his eye doubtless on the English censor,
full of swank and swagger-his own favorite words.
but the deft training imparted by Paris has taught Most of the time he seems as militant and arrogant
him how to “circumvent,” even if not to use the as his own Prussian painter (or sculptor), a literary
facts as "simply and directly” as he would have swashbuckler, a D'Artagnan of the pen. His book
wished.
is a dashing and bizarre experiment, yet holding
In fine, Tarr is skittishly brilliant, indecorous, solid hopes for the future.
brash, bursting with vitality—a possible sign in the
HENRY B. FULLER.
on.
Who Pays for War?
Taxes
ARE said to be unescapable, and this is tion. The adroit politician advocates borrowing
especially true in war time. The matter of interest because taxation would make his policy or himself
however is who really bears the burden of a tax, and unpopular. By borrowing, the public thinks it
the further question concerning the reality of any avoids taxation and thus hands on to posterity the
scientific basis for taxation. One school of econo task of finding the money that is required for present
mists
says
that no absolute rule or norm for taxation needs. "Posterity," says a recent bank circular,
exists, and that taxation is not exact but is only "will chiefly benefit from this struggle for freedom
a question of pulling the feathers with the least and should pay its part.” This is largely a delu-
amount of squawk from the bird. On the other sion. Says Mr. Withers:
hand many economists assert that taxation can and
We cannot hand its burden on to posterity. It has to be
should be put on a scientific basis and that it is not paid for now by somebody, and all wars have always
merely empirical. The question is not merely an
been paid for during the time in which they were fought
and finished up. War cannot be carried on with goods
academic one, because touching a man's pocketbook produced or work done either by our ancestors or by our
is touching a tender spot. A striking feature of posterity. The goods consumed in war-shot, shells, rifles,
food, clothes, horses, motor-lorries, wagons, ships and
public finance in recent years has been the remark-
everything else-have to be new and up to date, and,
able growth of public expenditure by national, state, apart from the store of them with which the contending
and local bodies. The phenomenon has been world nations began, are made and produced as the war goes
wide and has been caused not only by increased
As they clearly have to be in existence before they
can be used it is obvious that they cannot be produced by
preparation for war and by the burdens of past posterity. The British army cannot eat the bread that
wars, but also by increased public improvements,
is going to be sown in 1930, or wear boots made out of
outlays for sanitation and health, education in pub- posterity produces will belong
hides whose original owners are yet unborn. Whatever
posterity produces will belong to posterity for its own
lic schools and universities, parks and playgrounds, use, and nothing that we do now can deprive posterity
to mention only a few out of the many causes. To
of a single ear of wheat that it sows and grows.
this has been added the greater burden of the pres The point is that the sacrifice is a present one
ent war and the immediate need of adequate finances. because $500 paid for bonds means less for other
Our money and the State, by Hartley Withers things, and interest and principal must be paid by
(Dutton; $1.25), which grew out of a course of the bondholder as taxpayer; and not only that, but
lectures delivered at the London School of Eco- higher prices for all necessities ensue because of
nomics, is marked by the same lucidity, sanity, and inflation. The borrowing system gives the citizen
logic of expression found in the author's other books the choice of paying up his share of the war cost
on public finance. The volume is a small one, but now by subscribing to a loan, and afterwards being
its value is in inverse ratio to its size.
taxed to pay himself interest and to pay himself
The extension of governmental spending is back, or of paying nothing at the time when the
brought out and defended in the first chapter. The loan is issued, and being made to pay regularly
state is not merely a police officer; it should provide thereafter interest and redemption money to those
not only for public justice and defense but for the who did subscribe.
public good in general. The most distinct and orig-
inal part of the book is found in the discussion of
By borrowing money for war purposes a Government
sets up a roundabout process by which the war, in so far
the comparative advantages of borrowing and taxa as it is paid for by this means, is paid for three times


1918
263
THE DIAL
over. First, it is paid for as it goes on by citizens who that tax on the side of law and accounting, and of
subscribe to the loans; then it is paid for by the citizens
the practical application of the provisions of the Fed-
as a whole, who provide the money needed for this pur-
pose, plus interest, by taxation; and the Government eral Income Tax Act, the War Income Tax Act,
finally hands the money back to the original subscribers, and the War Excess Profits Tax Laws, together
or their estates.
with the Corporation Capital Stock Tax Law and
Goods and services in war are destroyed and there rulings thereon, the Federal Estate Tax, Excise and
is nothing to show for them, and so the sacrifice is miscellaneous war taxes, and the New York State
made by the present and not the future.
Income Tax statute applicable to manufacturing
War is certainly the worst purpose for which the bor and mercantile corporations. A supplementary
rowing system can be used, because in war time, especin pamphlet dealing with the Income Tax and the
ally when war is on a stupendous scale as now, taxation
(1) is easily raised, (2) is little if any hindrance to in Excess Profits Tax has been added, and the work is
dustry, and (3) produces a beneficial effect on the con a most authoritative statement of present phases of
sumption of the comm
mmunity. Moreover war, especially
when on a stupendous scale, is certain to be followed by taxation, especially of war taxes. The value of the
a period of dislocation and uncertainty in which industry work lies in the fact that its author has prepared,
should be as free as possible to contend with the difficul.
ties that face it, and should therefore be as little as
and advised with regard to, many income tax returns
possible burdened by taxes that have to be paid to debt of corporations and individuals. This experience is
holders.
used in the presentation of the various income laws
Practical necessity may make borrowing wise, but and in the elucidation of various Treasury decisions.
such issuance of bonds should be relative to taxation. Successive chapters are devoted to the Income Tax
The cost of the Civil War, for instance, is said to as applied to individuals, withholding tax, income
have been doubled by the issuance of greenbacks and tax as applied to partnerships, income taxes applica-
bonds, and the bill was not paid by posterity. ble to corporations, war excess profits tax, deprecia-
Another chapter is devoted largely to the income tion, and bookkeeping suggestions. This volume will
tax as an ideal tax because it is based on ability to be found a practical guide to the intricacies of the
pay. Mr. Godfrey N. Nelson, in his book The In- income and war tax laws.
come Tax (Macmillan ; $2.50), presents a study of
GEORGE M. JANEs.
Strong Timber
WHEN Carl Sandburg's Chicago Poems appeared erns to fulfill this prophecy and, with half a dozen
two years ago, most of the official votaries and ves racy narratives, he took a generation of readers out
trymen in the temple of the Muse raised their hands of the 'humid atmosphere of libraries and literary
in pious horror at this open violation of their care hothouses. He took them out into the coarse sun-
fully enshrined sanctities. In the name of their light and the unchaste air. He brought back to
belovéd Past, they prepared a bill of particulars Verse that blend of beauty and brutality which is
that bristled with charges as contradictory as they poetry's most human and enduring quality. He
were varied. They were all united however on, rediscovered the rich and almost vulgar vividness
one point-Sandburg's brutality. In this they were
In this they were that is the lifeblood of Chaucer and Shakespeare, of
correct. And without hastening to soften the Burns and Rabelais, of Horace and Heine, of Swift
acknowledgment, I should like to reprint a short and Villon and all those who were not only great
passage from J. M. Synge's Poems and Translations artists but great humanists. He brought a new
to amplify the admission. In a preface to his brief glamour to poetry; or rather he brought back the
and astringent verses, a preface that might stand oldest glamour, the splendid illusion of a raw and
as the credo of the new spirit in our literature, vigorous reality.
Synge wrote:
And so Sandburg. With a more uncovered di-
In these days poetry is usually a flower of evil or good;
As in
rectness, he goes straight to his theme.
but it is the timber that wears most surely, and there is Chicago Poems, the first poem of his new volume-
no timber that has not strong roots in the clay and Cornhuskers (Holt; $1.30)—brims with an up-
. Even if we grant that exalted poetry can
be kept successful by itself, the strong things of life are
lifted coarseness, an almost animal exultation that
needed in poetry also, to show that what is exalted or is none the less an exaltation.
tender is not made by feeble blood. It can almost be
said that before verse can be human again, it must learn
I was born on the prairie, and the milk of its wheat, the
red of its clover, the eyes of its women, gave me
to be brutal.
a song and a slogan.
In England, Masefield was the first of the mod Here the water went down, the icebergs slid' with
worms.


264
October 5
THE DIAL
i own.
me
gravel, the gaps and the valleys hissed, and the are growing, or are today already grown, out of
black loam came.
Here between the sheds of the Rocky Mountains and
which vast numbers could be used by American
the Appalachians, here now a morning star fixes writers—words that would be welcomed by the
a fire sign over the timber claims and cow-pastures, nation, being of the national blood."
the corn-belt, the cotton-belt, the cattle ranches.
Here the grey geese go five hundred miles and back No contemporary is so responsive to these limber
with a wind under their wings honking the cry and idiomatic phrases as Sandburg. His language
for a new home.
Here I know I will hanker after nothing so much as
lives almost as fervidly as the life from which it is
one more sunrise or a sky moon of fire doubled
taken. And yet his intensity is not always raucous;
to a river moon of water.
it would be a great mistake to believe that Sand-
The prairie sings to me in the forenoon and I know in burg excels only in verse that is heavy-fisted and
the night I rest easy in the prairie arms, on the
stentorian. What could be quieter and yet more
prairie heart.
These are the opening lines of Prairie, a wider vigorous than the suggestive Interior, the calm irony
and more confident rhythm than Sandburg has yet
in Malice to None, the solemn simplicity of Grass,
attempted. The gain in power is evident at once
or the strange requiem note in Cool Tombs?
and grows with each section of this new collection. When Abraham Lincoln was shoveled into the tombs, he
forgot the copperheads and the assassin... in
The tone in Cornhuskers has more depth and dig-
the dust, in the cool tombs.
nity; the note is not louder, but it is larger. In And Ulysses Grant lost all thought of con men and Wall
Chicago Poems there were times when the poet was Street, cash and collateral turned ashes... in
the dust, in the cool tombs.
so determir d to worship ruggedness that one could
hear his · sctives strain to achieve a physical Pocahontas' body, lovely as a poplar, sweet as a red haw
in November or a paw-paw in May, did she won-
strength of
One occasionally was put der? does she remember?.. in the dust, in
in mind of the r's fessional strong man in front of
the cool tombs ?
a mirror, of vir.' y 'asking in the spotlight, of an
Take any streetful of people buying clothes and groceries,
cheering a hero or throwing confetti and blowing
epithet exhibiting > muscle. Here the accent is tin horns... tell if the lovers are
less vociferous, more qizing; it is a summoning
losers. tell me if any get more than the
of strong things rather :
in the cool tombs.
the mere stereotypes of
lovers
... in the dust.
strength. Observe the u I athletic beauty of
This creative use of proper names and slang
Leather Leggings, Always Mob, The Four (which would so have delighted Whitman), this
Brothers, and this muscular P. of Steel : interlarding of cheapness and nobility is Sandburg's
most characteristic idiom as well as his greatest gift.
Lay me on an anvil, o God.
Beat me and hammer me into a crowb.ir.
And it is this mingling that enriches his heritage of
Let me pry loose old walls.
mingled blood; the rude practical voice of the
Let me lift and loosen old foundations.
American speaks through a strain of ruder Swedish
Lay me on an anvil, o God.
symbolism. Beneath the slang, one is aware of the
Beat and hammer me into a steel spike.
Drive me into the girders that hold a skyscray. mystic; Cornhuskers shows a cosmic use of pene-
gether.
trating patois; it is Swedenborg in terms of State
Take red-hot rivets and fasten me into the central girders
Let me be the great nail holding a skyscraper throu,'.
Street. This mysticism shines out of Caboose
blue nights into white stars.
Thoughts, Wilderness, Southern Pacific, Old
These and a dozen others seem a direct answer i imers. And it is always a more extended and
to Whitman's hope of a democratic poetry that issical spirituality than the earlier volume; the
would express itself in a democratic and even a 1. collection may not be more dynamic, but it is
distinctively American speech. He maintained that
ric.
before America could have a powerful poetry our "T struggles, the social criticism, the concen-
poets would have to learn the use of hard and
trati nger, and the protests are here as prom-
powerful words; the greatest artists, he insisted,
inent ; in Chicago Poems, but they assert them-
were simple and direct, never merely "polite or
selves th less effort. The war has temporarily
obscure.” "Words are magic
limber, harm : d them; they are still rebellious, but
lasting, fierce words,” he wrote in an unfinished someho. resigned. The chants of revolt are seldom
sketch for a projected lecture. “Do you suppose
out of
e with Sandburg's purely pictorial pieces.
the liberties and the brawn of These States have
he product of a strength that derives its
to do only with delicate lady-words? with gloved inspirat from the earth; they are made of tough
gentlemen-words?” Later he said, "American
writers will show far more freedom in the use of timber; • ay have “strong roots in the clay and
worms."
names. Ten thousand common and idiomatic words
Louis UNTERMEYER.
m.
.
Both a


THE DIAL
CLARENCE BRITTEN
GEORGE DONLIN
HAROLD STEARNS
SCOFIELD THAYER
In Charge of the Reconstruction Program:
JOHN DEWEY
THORSTEIN VEBLEN
HELEN MAROT
ON JUNE 6 WE ANNOUNCED THAT WITH THIS which look forward to a more decent system of inter-
issue The Dial would begin weekly publication. national relations. Question any of our own men on
Since June, however, the paper shortage has become the way to France, question any Tommy or any
so acute that we do not feel justified in making poilu who has spent a year in the trenches-do they
the change at this time. We are merely changing fight with a consuming hatred of the entire German
from semi-monthly publication, with one issue each people and of anything and everything German?
in July and August, to a straight fortnightly They do not. They fight with a consuming hatred
basis-twenty-six numbers a year—for which the of the whole system of unscrupulous military aggres-
old subscription rate of $3 will continue in force sion of which the German autocracy happens at the
as long as soaring production costs permit. And moment to be the most dangerous and obvious ex-
at the same time, we are making every other effort ample. They intend to destroy this autocracy and
to cooperate with the War Industries Board in they will destroy it, unless the German people should
the saving of paper—by cutting off exchanges,
themselves do it first. They realize, as Burke real-
dropping departments, reducing the size of type,
ized about America when we were waging our war
invading the margins. In fewer pages the new
for independence, that an indictment cannot be
Dial will carry more text than before. If at first drawn up against a whole people—that their job
it meets the eye strangely-c'est la guerre.
is not to exterminate Germany but to bring her to
a mood wherein she can be a peaceable and law-
Nations
abiding member of the society of nations. This is
ATIONS REVEAL THEIR METTLE EVEN MORE IN
time of victory than in time of defeat. All of us on
in no sense a plea for "easy treatment" of Germany
the side of the Allies, and especially we Americans,
at the peace conference, nor will it be interpreted
should realize that in all probability the next year
as such except by those who already have lost what
will bring us face to face with the great moral issue
little heads they had to lose. There will be no com-
of this war. No longer is there any doubt of Ger-
promise on principles. But the principle on which
first of all there will be no compromise will be the
many's defeat. As Marshal Foch has so graphically
principle of democratic international coöperation
expressed it, "we have reached the summit of the
and the destruction of the idea of the "balance of
war and are now going down the slope-perhaps
slowly at first, but it will be like a ball rolling down
power." Let us not fail to learn from the mistakes
hill, which gathers speed as it goes." The Central
of our enemies. Germany could not stand the acid
Powers may go through this coming winter, but fondly imagined was victory. When Russia lay
test of victory, or, to put it accurately, what she
unless reinforced by millions of men and tons of helpless before her she abandoned all pretenses of
material from Russia, they will not go through an-
other. And the likelihood of their deriving any
adhering to the liberal resolution of the Reichstag
effective assistance from Russia is slim. It is no
and concluded the shameful treaties of Brest-Litovsk
longer ourselves, as General Haig said in the dark what she believed the hour of her triumph. And the
and Bucharest. She could not restrain her greed in
days of the spring offensive, but the Germans who
are fighting with their back to the wall. Conse- defeat was recorded in the spring of this year. Some
consequence of it has been her downfall. Her moral
quently while less than ever a time to slacken, by day not far distant Germany will lie helpless before
ever so small a degree, our military efforts, so less
In that hour of triumph let us remain true to
than ever is it a time to slacken our plans for the the ideals which inspired us when we entered the
permanent and effective organization of that kind
Let us support President Wilson in his de-
of peace which, as President Wilson said in his termination that only even-handed justice shall be
answer to Austria-Hungary, we have already so
accorded to Germany. Let us not be beguiled by the
clearly described. We entered this war with high siren voices of those, intoxicated with a sense of our
motives; the real treason to those who have died in
power, who would re-create the old system of inter-
it and to the many more of our own who must die national anarchy in new form and make a mockery
in it is not, as too many excited civilians are even of those high and generous ideals of a new order
now telling us, the abandonment of the weak mo for the furtherance of which we are today giving in
tive of revenge but the abandonment of those ideals such unstinted measure.
us.
war.


266
October 5
THE DIAL
AT A RECENT CONFERENCE OF EDUCATORS IN THIS
it will not be necessary to understand it? Caost thou
country a guest from Great Britain was astonished brook the leviathan by pretending that it is dead? The
to learn that the study of German in several of our
war ought to teach us that we have too long rejoiced
elementary and high schools had been abandoned.
in our insular ignorance of foreign peoples and affairs.
He was bewildered by the evident patriotic pride
But the final answer to the controversy was given
with which this curtailment of the study of modern by a private in one of our camps who was discovered
languages was related by those who had been most diligently poring over a German grammar. "What's
instrumental in effecting it. Questioned himself, he
Questioned himself, he the idea?" asked one of his pals. "Want to learn
said that his own children in England had begun how to make love to the German maidens after we
the study of German before the war began and that
cross the Rhine?” “Hell, no, was the brusque
it had never occurred to him to make them stop.
retort. “I want to tell the Kaiser just what I think
On the contrary, he had because of the war itself
of him—in his own language.”
rather encouraged them to continue the study. For
the war could end in only one of two possible ways WHEN HISTORY SUMS UP THIS WAR IT WILL NOT
-either in a stalemate and something like a negoti- be the ferocity of the German submarine campaign
ated peace, in which case it was imperative to have that will be remembered so much as its fatuity. Na-
a knowledge of the German language in order to
tional pride can survive a reputation of brutality,
understand what new plans for political and com but it cannot so easily live down a reputation of
mercial aggression Germany might be planning; or colossal and abject failure. The inability of the
in a victory to be followed by a more friendly and submarine to prevent the transportation of an Ameri-
rational system of international relations, in which
can army to France will be remembered by the
case it was equally imperative to have a knowledge world long after specific atrocities are forgotten.
of the German language in order that the new The German submarine will take its place with the
amity might become a reality instead of a sham.
Spanish Armada and Napoleon's retreat from Rus-
These considerations seem to us unanswerable. It sia as a symbol of ruthless and humiliating defeat
is well to remember that neither in England, France, of the pride and folly of imperial power. And such
nor Italy has there been any campaign against the
a defeat covers a government with ridicule just in
study of German. Our allies are hardly so naive proportion to the magnitude of the attempt. The
as to imagine that one can destroy one's enemy by Germans have tried, they have boasted, they have
resolutely refusing to understand him. They also
prophesied, and the American transports have sailed
realize that however the war ends, the German
over the seas almost as if the U-boats were no more
people are still going to exist. They are going to be
than the porpoises which play beside the foaming
a fact, and an important fact. We have got to
vessels. And many of these ships that have sailed
learn how to live with them, and even if the worst
over again and again are the largest and finest of the
comes to the worst and they are allowed to live only
Germans' own merchant marine. Irony heaped
on sufferance, we shall have to understand their
upon ridicule! That Germany should have built
mood and temper if we wish effectively to forestall
the mighty and indispensable fleet that should carry
any new intrigues against the peace of the world. In
over her last and freshest hordes of enemies! His-
fact from no point of view can the present hysterical
tory, to the eternal discomfiture of the German
campaign against the study of German be described
people, will fix in legend the fact that while the
except as the outcome of provincialism and folly. It
is therefore gratifying to see already the beginnings
great German ships were bearing an American army
of a reaction. We understand that many of our
to France, the German submarine was engaged in
officers are now studying German under direct sanc-
sinking fishing-smacks and coal-barges off the coast
tion of the War Department. The public too is
of Massachusetts.
becoming dubious about the wisdom of preparing
ourselves for the after the war period by refusing ENGLISH
NGLISH DISCUSSION OF THE KING'S BIRTHDAY
to understand those who in all probability will be Honors for Literature (to borrow the terminology
our chief commercial and industrial competitors. A of prize contests) has received an amusing post-
recent letter in The New York Times from Maurice script from C. K. S., who writes the Literary Letter
Frances Eagan is symptomatic of this change in in The Sphere. In Wales, he says, he was told
point of view. He writes:
that every Welsh journalist had been knighted.
The Americans can afford to neglect no foreign language ;
Mr. Lloyd George delights to honor journalists,
and to refuse to make ourselves masters of the language and notably political journalists—“They are all
of our enemies is as illogical as it is impractical. political journalists in Wales," says C. K. S.-and
When all Berlin was singing the Hymn of Hate and Welsh blood is doubtless no disqualification.
"strafing” England, The Times of London and even The
National Review were displayed in the hotels and Shake It is said Dr. Clifford recently preached an eloquent
speare played to crowded houses. The Germans wanted sermon, taking as his text, “And they could not reach
to know more of the psychology of their foes. : . Is Him because of the Press." No wonder Mr. John Burns
the future diplomatist to be hampered because German says that "in the olden times knights were clad in shining
is "barred"? Is the Teutonic spirit to be so tamed that armour; now they are clothed in black mail."


1918
267
THE DIAL
Foreign Comment
by trade action alone, for they concern the entire
community. And he concludes with these words of
A DIFFERENT KIND OF STRIKE
warning:
THE STRIKE of the London policemen had its
Democracy in England has made a gigantic stride during
the war, and will look to much fuller approaches to
amusing and "human interest" side, and it was de economic equality when peace returns than anything that
cidedly unfortunate that merely this side seemed to contented it in 1914. Parliament may deal with the situa-
impress the American newspapers. The strike it-
tion, and only a body representing the democracy as a
whole can deal with it adequately. But if Parliament, re-
self was soon over, due to the surrender of the Gov elected under abnormal conditions, is filled with the old
ernment, and presumably it has been as soon for type of politician, the problem will be taken up by the
trade unions and the attempt will be made to force vio-
gotten. A fundamental issue however was raised
lent and partial solutions by successive strikes. If Parlia-
and the more alert of the English press were quick ment can or will find out how to give to the returning
to perceive this issue. It is stated succinctly in The
soldiers and sailors an effective share in the England
Manchester Guardian of September 2:
that they have saved, well and good. If not, power will
pass from Parliament to the strikers.
We put aside for the moment the question of the semi-
The New Statesman (in its issue of September 7)
military character of the police or of any special under-
takings that they give. We will regard them only as
reflects the general attitude of the English public in
carrying on an essential industry. Their strike and its its congratulations to the police on their victory:
immediate success is the most complete demonstration yet
We regret that the police were compelled to strike, but
given of a new power in our industrial system. This is
the power of the workers in any industry which is not
be heartily congratulate them upon their victory. Their
only essential but urgent to hold up the public and com-
grievances were manifold, and if, after years of "vic-
timization,” stern refusal, and procrastination, they de-
pel surrender. An industry may be essential in the long
cided that nothing but a strike could bring the authorities
run, but we may get on for a good while without it. We
could not very well do without knives, but we could stand
to reason, they had plenty of grounds for their belief. A
a strike of knife-grinders for a considerable time without
very brief, and on the whole very orderly and good-
tempered demonstration, was all that was necessary. It
minding it very much. But there is a group of industries
on which daily life depends, and which cannot be sus-
was too late to try to hit at the Union once more by
pended for a single day without making everyone feel it.
wholesale dismissals; the public and the newspapers
(though shocked) were uniformly sympathetic with the
Such is municipal lighting; such, as we found the other
strikers; Mr. Lloyd George was staggered to find, quite
day in Manchester, is street-cleaning; such is transport
by tram, tube, 'bus, or train; such is the milk supply; such,
suddenly, that a force he believed to live in Paradisal
content was thoroughly discontented; and the Govern-
finally, the police. Services of this kind have been in the
ment made a swift climb-down. Before the strike the
past and perhaps are still sometimes in the present monop-
minimum wage was 30s., with a war bonus of 12s, and a
olized by private people or great companies, who are 2s.6d, allowance for children; the total has now been
thus able to make the public pay highly, and that some-
times for inefficient service, but who at least have no in-
increased by 13s. There is also to be a non-contributory
terest in the sudden suspension of the service. Now the
pension for widows. Recognition has not been accorded
in terms, but the Union Executive were met by Mr.
progress of combination is rapidly putting the control of
them into the hands of the workers, who collectively have
George as the men's representatives, and ex-P.C. Thiel,
provisional organiser of the Union and delegate to the
just the same motives for getting as much as they can London Trades Council, is to be restored to the post from
out of the public, and who have in their hands the which he had been dismissed for taking part in "an un-
weapon, not to be wielded by the capitalist, of sudden
and absolute stoppage.
authorised association.” This means that if “recognition"
The workers still command a
has not been given in words, it has been given in all save
great measure of public sympathy, for in general they words.
have much leeway to make up in the improvement of
their conditions, and they in turn tend to sympathize with
The Nation (in the issue of the same date) rather
and support their fellow-workers. But in germ the entire makes fun of The Guardian for its concern, but
method contains within itself the possibility of a grip on
the life of the community by a comparatively small sec-
hastens at once to admit the seriousness of the situ-
tion of workpeople, and the same principle being ex-
ation:
tended it will be found that power, and with it privilege Only The Manchester Guardian and The Morning Post
and pay, is passing not from the capitalist to the worker,
for which there is much to be said, but, in every industry
seemed deeply shocked by this dramatic announcement
of our guardians that they were men and workers, and
and every department, from the body of employers and not mere tools of State. Following close upon the heels
employed to that particular section of the employed whose of a period of strikes in munition, transport, and other
work is the essential urgency. This is the New Privilege, semi-public services, this incident deserves more serious
and the struggle with it seems likely to complicate the attention than it has received. In peace-time its sudden
whole course of that social evolution of democracy which occurrence in London would have caused the utmost con-
has been in rapid progress throughout the war.
sternation in the breasts of law-abiding citizens. But in
How shall this situation be remedied? The
the stress and turmoil of these times it has served for little
more than a momentary diversion. We even doubt
writer in The Guardian suggests that a system of whether authority feels deeply wounded by the complete-
dealing with grievances be devised similar to the ness of its surrender, or has learnt its lesson. What
should that lesson be?
system of the Whitley Industrial Councils, which
contemplates a representation of both employees and In the final paragraph of the article The Nation
employers (in this case the state) on a board where gives its own general conclusion, wherein the possi-
the deciding vote is cast by some disinterested judge. bilities of strife in the future after the war are
He points out that many disputes cannot be settled resolutely faced and the saner preventives given:


268
October 5
THE DIAL
What is wanted is a radical and reasonable revision of from their respected shades. Mr. Lindsay compels
discipline, and the dismissal of all juggling pretences that
the discipline of any service, public or private, deprives American Socialism is easily outweighed by his ob-
me to believe this, for what he does not know about
the servants of the reasonable rights of self-determina-
tion in the terms of their employment. And, in the last vious saturation with American tradition.
resort, it will be well, and for the public interest when a What we want, says Mr. Lindsay, is a nice, rea-
wider conception of that interest is taken, to allow the
sonable, well-bred radicalism and internationalism.
right to strike, as a safety valve in the economic system.
For, less than ever after this war and its economic conse-
Moreover it is possible to get exactly what we want,
quences, will it be possible to find men of so servile a quite simply and without unladylike insistence. First
disposition that they will bind themselves to continue we must Americanize our concepts and take the
working upon terms which appear to them unjust and
grievous without quick and effective means of redress. struggle for their realization out of the hands of all
We fully admit the perils which lie in the submission of
save those of the good old native stock. This ac-
economic issues to the final arbitrament, even of the complished, all we need to do is to Americanize the
passive kind of force implied in a strike. The large- world's international thought, and map out an in-
scale example of war will have made a deep and per ternational federation based on the American con-
haps a dangerous impression upon the conduct of in-stitutional model.
dustrial strife. There will be some disposition every-
where among strongly placed workers to use to the ut I suppose all Socialists ought to welcome with
most the puli which their place of vantage gives them. acclaim Mr. Lindsay's new revelation. For after
There are those who envisage the world of labor follow- all, the end is of chief concern, and not the means,
ing the example of capital in bringing about a distribution
of wealth based on forceful pulls, the share of which for provided these are honorable. And why devote long
any group of workers will be determined by the strength endeavor to the upbuilding of an international mass
of their union and the quantity of damage or danger they solidarity, a spiritual bond between the world's
can inflict by the temporary withdrawal of their services. peoples, when by simply putting the job in the right
If the future of the world of states is left in the grip of
competing militarism, we admit some likelihood that the
hands and following the prescription we can create
image of this brutality and injustice will be reflected in
the clay structure of a new world order, which,
the smaller patterns of internal economic strife. But, warmed by the breath of the living American spirit,
given a better and more peaceable international situation, will glow at once into throbbing life?
we entertain brighter hopes of the organization of our The obvious answer is that the matter is not so
industries and public services, set upon a basis of disci-
pline which shall be substantially self-discipline, and simple, either with regard to the performance or
carrying an acceptance of fair conditions because the the performers. If the performance is to be a suc-
methods of arranging them are fair, and because pub- cess, it must partake of the adaptability of true in-
licity can operate effectively to check extravagances in the
apportionment of wages, salaries, and profits in public particularistic pride, and the vision of the social
ternational wisdom rather than the stubbornness of
and private work.
pioneer rather than the traditionalistic astigmatism
Communications
of the professional historian.
ExclusiVE AMERICANISM
Mr. Lindsay views the past with a vision almost
telescopic. Our so-called American Revolution, in
Sir: I have just been fingering the family album. its immediate performance, was nothing more than
It was the communication from Mr. Vachel Lind a war of secession from a tyrannical overlord, fo-
say in your last issue that called my mind from its mented by a large and active group of liberty-loving
feverish pursuit of current events back to the calm seditionists. The revolution sought by radicals to-
atmosphere of the American Tradition. I have been day promises nothing less than a sweeping elimina-
sitting in the attic, amid the relics of the good old tion of existing social and economic values, and a
days, in silent communion with the spirits of my
world-wide substitution therefor of true human re-
colonial forbears, calling up the fine old treasures lationships without artificial constraints and un-
of New England folklore and visualizing the rugged folding in the sunlight of political, social, and co-
form and puritanic features of those grand old men
nomic freedom.
of the stern and rock-bound conscience.
And it is this gigantic and delicate undertaking
However, I find my natural enjoyment of these that Mr. Lindsay would entrust to the Sons and
long neglected associations somewhat tempered by Daughters of the American Revolution!
remorse. With what chaste horror would these red- The valuable papers read before these societies, the mon-
blooded ancestors of mine regard the return of the uments and tablets set up, the family traditions told to a
prodigal were they aware of the vicissitudes through few hold precedents for an absolutely non-Germanic,
which he had been led into the snares of Socialism, precedents meet every channel of precedent in the Ameri-
with its attendant evils of the "foreign accent," the can mind and the Democratic and Republican parties, and
tactless impropriety of unceasing propaganda, and yet are not disgustingly Anglo-Saxon.
the indiscriminate application of its rub-elbows de I am moved to ask by what right of precedent
mocracy to all manner of men, without the respect- does Mr. Lindsay thus circumscribe what he chooses
able exercise of good taste! I am convinced that I to call "the American mind"? From the very be-
should not find such a ready welcome from my ginnings of the little commonwealths that joined to
flesh-and-blood forefathers as I can arbitrarily claim form this nation, America has been distinct for the


1918
269
THE DIAL
cosmopolitan character of its population. Strictly ever, lacking the support of popular international
speaking, there has never been here such a thing as solidarity. Few men today question the desirability
a pure native stock. The "American mind," far of a league of nations. And yet the exact character
from being the heritage of a privileged few, has ever of that association is a matter fraught with vast
been the composite will of a proudly cosmopolitan social consequences for good or ill. Shall we wake
people.
to find ourselves committed to an ex-presidential
Revolutionary tendencies belong in the category League to Prevent Peace or a League to Spank In-
of acquired, rather than inherited, characteristics. cipient Revolutions—a mere league of governments ?
The very people who take most pride in their revo Or may we hope to achieve an association of nations
lutionary ancestry are often those to whom a truly bound by “friendship, the only cement that can hold
revolutionary idea is a veritable bête noir, and to the world together"-a league of peoples ?
whom every genuine revolutionary is anathema. If If the latter is what we truly desire, it behooves
Mr. Lindsay would indeed have the Sons and all true apostles of liberal principles, like The Dial,
Daughters of the American Revolution assume the to reject Mr. Lindsay's advice, so far as that advice
role of administrators of radical ideas, he could best would deprive American public opinion of any salu-
serve that end by exerting himself to rouse them tary element it can profitably utilize. We need the
from their comfortable complacency in the status quo fresh reaction of honest newcomers to our sacred
into a perception of vital social needs. So long as city white cows and our golden-calf economics. And
librarians can testify that those about whom Mr. especially is it to be hoped that American Socialism,
Lindsay is inclined to sneer are the country's most even if not perfectly attuned to the heart throbs of
faithful students of economics, history, art, litera- the living American Tradition, may yet make an
ture, sociology, and political science, while "assimi- indispensable contribution to that popular interna-
lated" Americans are avidly consuming volumes of tional solidarity which alone can prevent a fiat
tawdry fiction, we cannot honestly be put out of association of nations from becoming dangerously
countenance because they have “arrogated” to them- top-heavy and acting as a constant brake on inter-
selves the leadership of progressive social forces. national dynamics.
The little newcomers one can hear in any urban At any rate, may a kindly disposed Providence
schoolroom, singing, with innocent untruthfulness, render the American public immune from smug an-
“Land where my fathers died,” are no less destined cestor worship and from a conception of democracy
to be the creators of a rich and characterful public which goes about as deep as that of the ingenuous
opinion than are the exclusive possessors of colonial Irishman who was heard to exclaim: "Shure, wan
pedigrees.
man is jist as good as another, an' betther, too!”
The simple, constructive way to eliminate the hyphen-
DEVERE ALLEN.
ated revolutionary is by American Revolutionary anecdote,
Wilton, Connecticut.
carefully and correctly told in a way that will appeal
all hot-blooded Americans. The Daughters
MORE ADVICE ABOUT POLICY
and Sons of the American Revolution have accumulated
these stories by the thousand, printed and unprinted, and SIR: I have read and twice re-read Mr. Vachel
have not the least notion how useful they are right now.
Lindsay's Word of Advice appearing in your issue
Sic! One thing may be counted on: if the of September 5, but I must confess that what he is
Daughters and Sons of the American Revolution driving at is not at all clear. On one view it ap
ever find they are in possession of literature useful
pears mere verbiage padding a single idea, and on
in actual revolutionary propaganda, historical rec another it appears to be a lot of ideas muddled up
ords will suffer a sudden paucity of "carefully and together and insufficiently treated.
correctly told" Revolutionary anecdote!
If the single idea be to set the editor of The DIAL
The panacea for the class struggle is "the Ameri on a new trail, then I hope the editor will not worry
can system, ruthlessly applied.” Thus by a species himself about it, as the policy of The Dial is about
of benevolent schrecklichkeit, the universal use of as good and as sane as it could be and requires no
the lawn mower, the Ford car, and the Saturday revision whatever. The Dial has as fine and clear
Evening Post, America will automatically and un a grasp of the events of which it treats as any paper
consciously melt into a homogeneous society of published. Right through, from the literary com-
nouveaux riches.
ment to the world movements, the aim is, to me,
The remedy for international disorder is a United obviously consistent and apparent.
States of the World, with a World Constitution-
If the second view of Mr. Lindsay's letter be
though, to be sure, no provision is made for the dis- adopted—that it consists of several ideas--then I
position of that august body of potentates known
dare not trouble you with my comments. I can see
as the Supreme Court. However there is sufficient so much that could be said in traverse and refutation
strength in the analogy to prohibit a light dismissal that it would be a sin to waste your time on reading
of it. It is not so much with Mr. Lindsay's analogy what might be written in that connection.
that I am at odds just now as it is with his naive
R. ESTCOURT.
faith in the possibilities of any fiat scheme whatso Berkeley, California.
to


270
October 5
THE DIAL
Notes on New Books
tapestries of light and shade across sweeps of grass-
land all interwoven with the flowers of France." He
CRIMINOLOGY. By Maurice Parmelee. Mac-
saw Zola's ploughman, and a Field of the Cloth of
Gold carpeted with daisies and buttercups. If war
millan; $2.
can become anything but vulgar and filthy it is in
Criminology, the latest contribution from the the eyes of such a man as Philip Gibbs, who has
facile pen of Professor Parmelee, is a companion walked past the "whimper of these blind boys”
volume to his Poverty and Social Progress. It is a through “graveyards of Youth” with a heart bleed-
readable, comprehensive statement of the present ing for all human souls who have to endure what
status of the science of criminology. The book is war brings. For war, to Philip Gibbs as to every
well got up, with a very satisfactory bibliography, decent man, is a "foul tragedy to young life,” and
which the author modestly calls a "partial” bibliog- his pages, exalted as they are with his sense of beauty
raphy. In this he sacrifices pedantic completeness to and his praise of heroism, are a steadfast memorial
good judgment in selection. As in his other works of its horrors.
Professor Parmelee emphasizes the biological factors
which are concerned in the production of those social The PsychOLOGY OF CONVICTION: A Study
disorders summed up in the term "criminology." of Beliefs and of Attitudes. By Joseph Jastrow.
Naturally, with so large a subject presented in so Houghton Mifflin ; $2.50.
brief a form, topics are here and there passed over
It is the deeper psychological trends and tend-
more cursorily than the reader might wish; but the
references to the literature will inform him where To chart the whole sea of past human thought would
encies which attract Professor Jastrow's attention.
he may find more complete and detailed accounts. be a task too great for one small volume, so he has
As an introduction to the study of criminology this
selected a number of "cases" as illustrations of the
book may be recommended to those who are un-
familiar with the subject; while for the more experi; Everyone is familiar with the “cases,” but they must
factors which enter into beliefs and convictions.
enced workers it will be useful as a concise resumé have the critical analysis of the psychologist in order
of the manifold aspects of the science.
to be valuable as “exhibits.” After two introductory
FROM BAPAUME TO PASSCHENDAELE.
chapters on the psychology of conviction, belief, and
Ву
credulity, the author devotes nine chapters to the
Philip Gibbs. Doran; $2.50.
"cases." One of these chapters deals with the Ante-
Philip Gibbs did not stint in giving of his spirit cedents of the Study of Character and Tempera-
to the work of setting down day by day a record of ment. The other chapters are: The Will to Be-
war's bloody pageant. In the introduction to this lieve in the Supernatural; The Case of Paladino;
volume of his despatches recounting the Battle of Fact and Fable in Animal Psychology; Malicious
Arras, the blowing up and capture of Messines Animal Magnetism; The Democratic Suspicion of
Ridge, and the muddy toil of the Battles of Flanders Education; The Psychology of Indulgence, Alcohol
-all in 1917—he speaks of the broad view of war, and Tobacco; The Feminine Mind; and Militarism
as it is revealed to a witness like himself, being al- and Pacifism.
most as wearing to the spirit as the closer view which While the central theme is constantly in the mind
soldiers have. That is because he did not anesthetize of the author, nevertheless the reader feels a strong
himself to the terrors he lived among, and take re temptation to become interested in the principles in-
fuge, like so many other correspondents, in a sport- volved in the different chapters. This tends to
slang of war which debases the supreme tale of hu- transpose the volume into a series of essays more or
man valiance and agony to the level of a football less unrelated. Most of the chapters have appeared
contest. Not that he is insensible to the thrill of in periodical form, and although they have been re-
courage and of victory. On every page almost is a vised and rewritten in the interest of a greater
record of incredible intrepidity. “But apart from unity of presentation, it is rather a difficult task for
human courage, the ugliness and foulness of war the reader to subordinate his interest in such topics
grow greater month by month, and if anybody speaks as The Democratic Suspicion of Education, The
to me of war's romance I will tell him of things I Feminine Mind, or Militarism and Pacifism to his
have seen today and yesterday and make his blood interest in the rather more subtle theme of the
run cold. For the sum of human agony is high.” psychology of conviction and belief. Professor Jast-
His consciousness always of the awesome tragedy of row's book is concerned with the human background
a world in strife made the serene moments he ex and the human tendencies that make for the beliefs
perienced especially poignant and brought forth which different men hold on the problems treated.
pages of singular elevation and beauty. Witness his Whether a man is a pacifist or a militarist depends
picture of the armies marching to the "white edge upon his psychological make-up, the accident of his
of the dead land” through "green woods set upon birth, his training, his associates, his immediate and
hillsides where the sun plays upon the new leaves vital interests, or even the character of his digestion ;
with a melody of delicate color-music, and spreads but treating such an absorbing subject one is apt to


1918
271
THE DIAL


“Beware when the Great God
lets loose a thinker on the
planet.” RALPH WALDO EMERSON
DIEN
TOVT BIEN
RIEN
The Education of
Henry Adams
An Autobiography
With an Introduction by HENRY CABOT LODGE
From the first page to the last, this extraordinary autobiography by an ob-
server from behind the scenes of great men and moments of history, fully lives
up to its description by the New York Evening Post as “one of the most orig-
inal, amusing, and piquant books ever written.
$5.00 net.
The Life of Joel Chandler Harris
By JULIA COLLIER HARRIS
The authoritative biography of the creator of Uncle Remus, including his cor-
respondence with such fellow writers as Mark Twain and James Whitcomb
Riley. Of particular charm are the delightful letters to children who had
written to thank him for the pleasure his stories had given them.
Illustrated. $3.50 net.
The Life of Lamartine
By H. REMSEN WHITEHOUSE. The
first complete life of the great French poet-states-
man in any language, illuminating not only
Lamartine's activities as poet and statesman, but
his famous affairs of sentiment as well.
2 vols. Mustrated. $10.00 net.
Religio Grammatici
The Religion of a Man of Letters
By GILBERT MURRAY. This brilliant ex-
position of the religion of a broad-minded liberal
shows how in scholarship itself there may be a
deeply religious element.
$1.00 net.
Reminiscences of
Lafcadio Hearn
By SETSUKO KOIZUMI. A fresh, vivid
and intimate portrait of Lafcadio Hearn by his
Japanese wife.
$1.00 net.
Steep Trails
By JOHN MUIR. Some of Muir's best
writing is in these vivid accounts of travel and
adventure among the mountains and deserts of
the West.
Illustrated. $3.00 net.
BOSTON HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY NEW YORK
When writing to advertisers please mention The Dial.


272
October 5
THE DIAL
interest the ordinary reader more deeply in the prob- said to offer us much help in the present emergency.
lems of militarism and pacifism than in the problem As for Nietzsche, his violence at least brings him into
of why some men are militarists and some pacifists. the picture. Naturally Professor Heller repudiates
The book is written in a clear style, with a subtle the vulgar notion that Nietzsche should be held re-
vein of humor showing now and then. Professor sponsible for the madness of the German Junkers.
Jastrow drives his facts and theories abreast rather His philosophy was far too profound and subtle to be
than tandem. For this reason the reading of the intelligible to the Hindenburgs and the Ludendorffs
book calls for close application of which the re that surround the All Highest, and if they really
wards are ample.
found any inspiration in his solitary speculations it
must have been in a sufficiently diluted popular ver-
PRINCIPLES OF Ocean TRANSPORTATION. By șion. If any one doubts what Nietzsche would have
Emory R. Johnson and Grover G. Huebner. thought of the German war party of the moment, let
Appleton; $2.50.
him turn to those early volumes in which the philoso-
pher unleashes all his exasperation in denouncing the
That part of Professor Johnson's "Ocean and
Inland Water Transportation,” 1906, which deals puerile imbecilities that sprang out of the Franco-
Prussian War. Nietzsche was less, perhaps, than
with ocean transportation has been greatly enlarged
and entirely rewritten. The result is a very read any other man of his time the dupe of that insane
nationalism which has shaped the thinking of young
able general textbook, describing the shipping in- Germany. If one was intellectually mature, one was
dustry as it is today—types of ships and their meas- simply a "good European.” In the last resort the
urement, freight and passenger service, rates, pools, ideal he held up, while doubtless the product of a
port facilities, maritime canals, navigation laws, limitless romanticism and wilful in essence, was
state aid, and so on-but with almost no attention
to labor. The authors' aim is exposition merely. never one that can be achieved by a group of insane
They rarely express an opinion; although a bias beasts, however blond. Professor Heller has not
against government ownership of shipping is allowed assumed in the reader an exhaustive knowledge of
to appear and leads them to hope that the present the writers he discusses, but his book presents a sat-
Shipping Board operation of American vessels will isfactory, if rather elementary, outline of their sev-
be discontinued after the war. Furthermore they eral contributions to modern thought.
recommend "liberal" subsidies to establish private
steamship lines on the most important trade routes, LEGISLATIVE METHODS IN THE PERIOD BE-
and payments to naval reservists. They also are in
FORE 1825. By Ralph Volney Harlow. Yale
favor of repealing that section of the Seamen's Act
University Press; $2.25.
which provides that at least seventy-five per cent of
the crew must be able to understand any order given
Until quite recently the standard treatises on his-
by an officer, on the ground that the Japanese may
tory and politics traced the beginning of parties in
still hire inexpensive Japanese crews while we may
the United States to the division between the Fed-
not. But discussion of the reasons in favor of the
eralists and Anti-Federalists; but the substantial
section is, too obviously, omitted. In a subsequent
foundations of party organization and machinery
edition the chapter on marine insurance should con were thought to have developed in the conventions,
tain some mention of the important "protection and committees, and caucuses which became prevalent
indemnity” insurance.
throughout the several states from 1820 to 1840. It
is only through separate studies and monographs
PROPHETS OF Dissent. By Otto Heller. however that the study of parties and party methods
Knopf; $1.50.
has now been carried back to the Colonial and Revo-
Summarily one may characterize Professor Hel lutionary periods. We can begin to understand the
ler's examination of Maeterlinck, Strindberg, Nietz-
significance of the complaint of John Adams that in
sche, and Tolstoy as a probing of mysticism, diabol- Revolutionary times the Boston Caucus Club met in
ism, egotism, and quietism. The publishers, with an the garret of Tom Dawes and that there "selectmen,
cye doubtless to our immediate interests, will have assessors, collectors, firewards, and representatives
it that all these philosophies have somehow been are regularly chosen before they are chosen in town
illumined by the war; but if we except Nietzsche, meeting.” Sufficient information is available to
and possibly Tolstoy, their relevance is not over make it clear that party organizations both formal
whelmingly obvious. Even Tolstoy's case is doubt and informal were in active operation throughout
ful, in spite of his formidable hostility to killing. In the later Colonial period and with a varying degree
taking over the Christian philosophy, and especially of effectiveness continuously participated in the man-
the Sermon on the Mount, Tolstoy embraced a sys agement of public affairs. To the group of studies
tem of ideas that, by an historical accident, had failed
on party practices in the beginning of the American
to achieve a workable political doctrine, and his em- government Mr. Harlow's volume forms a com-
phasis on the virtue of non-resistance can hardly be mendable contribution.


1918
273
THE DIAL
Four Modern Epics by Amy Lowell
CAN GRANDE'S CASTLE
A series of remarkable poems, ranging from Bourbon Italy to the
Battle of Trafalgar, and from the Triumph of Titus to the Austrian
air-raids on Venice in the present war; England, Byzantium, Japan,
seen with a poet's vision, as backgrounds for the terrible drama of
human life and passion. All Miss Lowell's poetic power is revealed
in these colourful and vigorous epics. The volume is one of the
most original produced by the recent poetic renaissance. $1.50
Other Books by Amy Lowell
POEMS
BOOKS OF CRITICISM
Men, Women and Ghosts.
$1.25 Tendencies in Modern American Poetry.
Sword Blades and Poppy Seed.......$1.25
Illustrated. $2.50
A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass.....$1.25 Six French Poets. Illustrated.......$2.50
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Publishers
NEW YORK
CARRY ON! BUY MORE LIBERTY BONDS
IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS
The Kaiser as I Know Him
By ARTHUR N. DAVIS.
Vivid pen-pictures of the Great Enemy of Democracy in action, painted by a man who was for 14 years
the German Kaiser's personal dentist. With amazing candor, sometimes for hours at a stretch, the Kaiser
has discussed with Doctor Davis the events and developments of world politics, tendencies of human prog-
ress, personalities high and low, not only in Germany. and other nations in Europe and Asia, but especially
in America. The book throws blinding light upon the question of the Kaiser's responsibility for the war,
upon his fore-knowledge of the destruction of the “Lusitania," upon the part attempted by the German
government in the Presidential election of 1916, upon the Kaiser's own idea that “America shall pay the
bills for this war"-upon the thousand and one vital questions to which Americans want the answer.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2.00.
The Winds of Chance Sylvia Scarlett
Boone Stop
By REX BEACH
By COMPTON MACKENZIE. By HOMER CROY.
Here is Beach's Alaska at its Compton Mackenzie is back Here is a new book that is ac-
best—the swirling human tide again--strong. This book is an claimed by the press to be another
sweeping on through Chikoot Pass other “Carnival.” In it the author
"Huckleberry Finn," a book that
-the epic days that were lived by has given a marvellous story, full
is setting everyone talking—that
the thousands at White Horse of color and life. He portrays the
will be one of biggest sellers.
the great human side of the gold adventurous career of a young
rush. And here is 'Poleon Doret
Homer Croy is an author with a
girl born in France of half English
again, the singing, sunny, clean and half French parentage. With
sense of humor and has told the
hearted 'Poleon! You met him in her you go through all the excite-
story of Cleve Seed with a naive
"The Barrier" perhaps. Humor? ment of London life, and follow
humor that is fresh and new.
Beach has not forgotten it.
her to the gates of fame.
Frontispiece. Cloth, Post
Illustrated. Cloth, Post Svo, $1.50
Post Svo, $1.60
8vo, $1.50
HARPER & BROTHERS
Established 1817
NEW YORK
When writing to advertisers please mention The DIAL.


274
October 5
THE DIAL
.
Among the interesting conclusions drawn from And you are not mollified at the strained and un-
the evidence examined by the author are that the common emotion of most of the others, at the opera-
Colonial legislatures were evolving a standing com singer in Land's End who is cured of her neurosis
mittee system at the time that this system was de- by following the bell that calls off the stormy
clining in the procedure of the House of Commons, beach, or at the ghostly family in the fog in Ked's
and that the state legislatures muddled along doing Hand. Mr. Steele is a very competent writer, but
most of the business in regular assembly sessions or you wonder if his admiring critic has not confused
in committee of the whole, using special committees a theatrical sense with narrative art. The clever-
only to deal with special problems or to put bills into ness with which the stories are composed does not
final form for passage, until as the result of experi remove the sense of motives' having been strained
ence they were obliged to adopt a standing committee for. And the settings are strangely familiar, the
system. For Congress a period of uncertainty and sea of unrelieved horror and greediness, the fisher-
indefiniteness is found in which the whole House folk, the abandoned ship. The strangeness of the
participated freely in all acts of legislation, followed themes only brings the conventionality of the back-
by executive domination under the leadership of grounds into greater relief. A genuine artist would
Hamilton and Jefferson, and then by the growth of have reversed this process and charmed us with
the House into an independent and responsible legis- simpler motives that glowed in a setting of original
lative organ directed by standing committees and quality. This manner of story-telling, in which Mr.
guided by the growing power and prestige of the Steele is as good as any of his fellow craftsmen, is
Speaker.
beginning to seem a little old-fashioned. The pro-
The relation of the formal committee system and
fessional "short-story" has become an artificial and
the party machine to such extra-governmental de wearisome thing. Art is going to be more demand-
vices as the caucus and the junto is sufficiently de- ing. It is unfortunate that Mr. O'Brien should
scribed to give somewhat of a shock to those who try to confuse our minds, and particularly about a
look to the early decades of American government as
writer who can be enjoyed so honestly not as an
the "good old days" when the public service was artist but as an admirable "professional" of the old
free from party strife and corrupt practices. It is school.
to be regretted that more consideration is not given
to these extra-governmental agencies. The evidence HEART
EART OF EUROPE. By Ralph Adams Cram.
must of course be sought in the fugitive literature Scribner; $1.50.
of the time, but some of the records which would
Surely no one is better fitted than Mr. Cram to
give very interesting sidelights seem not to have been
deal with the topic which he has chosen for the key-
included in the author's investigations. In fact too
much reliance is placed upon formal records, such church architects of America, certainly as one of
stone of his Heart of Europe. As one of the leading
as legislative journals, to give an adequate account those who have had a great deal of practical experi-
of the power and influence of parties as working ence in the erection of ecclesiastical buildings, Mr.
forces in the formative period of the American gov- Cram ought, in outlining the architectural history
ernment. In the main the readily available sources of the cathedrals and town halls of that limited area
as to legislative committees and procedure have been which is the scene for most of the battled fields of
carefully examined and discriminatingly used, and the Western front, to know whereof he speaks. And
the work is a useful addition to a somewhat neglected had he confined his exposition to that knowledge, his
branch of political history.
volume would have had a truer, and therefore a
deeper, significance. Even the fact that he felt too
By Wilbur Daniel Steele. keenly, too intensely, about the architectural devasta-
Harper; $1.35.
tion which has been one of the extreme by-products
In his introduction to this collection of ten stories of an inexcusable ruthlessness, could have been for-
Mr. Edward J. O'Brien claims for their author an given him. The sentimentality, the nietaphorical
artistic significance in the rank of Synge and Con- analogies, the very title of the book-all are symp-
rad. Indeed he rather prefers Mr. Steele for his toms of an outraged sensibility which, though they
“sensitive fidelity to the more abiding romance of make trivial and disappointing reading matter, may
ordinary life
... The rich human embodiment be traced to a personally experienced, apperceptive
of the stories assures them a place in our literature artistic emotion. The sorrowful anger felt by even
for their imaginative reality, their warm color, and the layman over the irreparable destruction of the
their finality of artistic execution." But in prepar-
cathedral at Rheims is inevitably augmented as the
ing our minds for a writer of such large seriousness realization of all that Rheims epitomized and sym-
and distinction he is riding to a fall of disappoint- bolized increases. One who has made the study of
ment. When you find that four out of the ten are it and similar masterpieces the eager interest of a
mystery stories with carefully elaborated “creeps,” lifetime may be expected to view its annihilation
you feel a little cheated out of your abiding romance. with poignant dismay. But restraint, even in artistic
Land's End


1918
275
THE DIAL
PRESIDENT WILSON'S
FOREIGN POLICY
Messages, Addresses, Papers
EDITED BY
JAMES BROWN SCOTT
President of the American Institute of Internation-
al Law and author of “International Relations
between the United States and Germany."
THIS authentic text of the public utterances
“AT MCCLURG'S"
It is of interest and importance
to Librarians to know that the
books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be par-
chased from us at advantageous
prices by
Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities
In addition to these books we
have an exceptionally large
stock of the books of all pub-
lishers - a more complete as-
sortment than can be found on
the shelves of any other book-
store in the entire country. We
solicit correspondence from
librarians unacquainted with
our facilities.
LIBRARY DEPARTMENT
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago
of the President shows that he has never
deviated from one set purpose,
viz.: the
strengthening, or introduction, of constitutional
government leavened with democracy.
1-Dealing with the neutrality of the United States.
2-Dealing with foreign and domestic affairs when
war with Germany seemed imminent.
3-Dealing with affairs after our entrance into war.
Net $3.50. At All Booksellers.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
AMERICAN BRANCH
35 West 32d Street, New York
Suggestions of Modern Science Concerning Education
By HERBERT S. JENNINGS, JOHN B. WATSON
ADOLF MEYER and WILLIAM I. THOMAS
“This course of lectures is as stimulating a contribution to educational the-
ory as it is a gratifying picture of science in action.”—The New Republic.
“The book is replete with direct and indirect suggestions concerning that
problem so much with us nowadays-namely, how to direct education into
channels that shall more nearly conserve and develop the best capacities
of children. No special system of pedagogy or of educational change is
proposed, but many underlying facts, some of them only recently acquired
through research, are offered for the upbuilding of a better pedagogic su-
perstructure. In these times of assault on humanism and on other parts
of the method and content of modern education it well behooves us to
look deeper into some of the fundamental aspects of body and mind.
This, then, is the book that must be widely read and appreciated.”
Dr. William Healy in The Survey.
$ 1.00
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.
LIBERTY BONDS WILL DO IT!
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276
October 5
THE DIAL
wrath, would bring its reward of increasing sym- mentality, as he does not always succeed in doing,
pathy in the reader: one prefers voicing one's own the poet's apperceptions are nice. Looking neither
regrets. And not only has Mr. Cram too volubly toward our hazy beginnings nor toward our dark
and inartistically laid bare his own, as well as end, the poet sees with a less clouded vision than
Europe's, heart; he has also attempted a correlated others the immediate if doubtful way. Thus he
and explanatory historical background which fails to beholds the youth who go out to die, well knowing
serve either purpose. Even a subsidiary survey of that to the things they leave behind there is no re-
what was once called the “medieval to modern" turn-youth that asks only a justification of its sac-
epochs may no longer concern itself with genealogi- rifice: "Not death we fear, but death's futility.”
cal citations. As an effort to furnish an unfamiliar One feels, reading some of the later lyrics, that Paul
audience with historical facts for its artistic heritage, Mowrer is aware of that other fear, of life's futility,
his aim is intelligent. As a helpful method of under but that he is sure that life differs from death by just
standing certain origins of the arts and crafts, as a
its intrinsic significance.
scholarly explanation of the evolution of Church
and Town from the varicolored lives of too remote
Books of the Fortnigh
societies, it achieves no success. But the many ex-
cellent photographic reproductions of what will al-
Limitations in magazine space, enforced by the
ways remain the high-water marks of a medieval in-
paper shortage, make it necessary for The DIAL
heritance, as well as the unquestionably sincere pro-
to discontinue its classified List of Books Received.
test against the acts of an enemy who is no more
In its stead the editors will select for recommenda-
tion in each issue the books of outstanding import-
a respecter of creations than of persons, do something
to redeem the volume.
ance published during the previous two weeks. The
following is their selection for the past fortnight:
Hours of France. By Paul Scott Mowrer.
Nationality and Government. By Alfred E. Zim-
Dutton; $1.
mern. 12mo, 364 pages. Robert M. McBride
As war-correspondent Mr. Mowrer was close to & Co. $3.
death's most sordid horrors and life's tragic monot-
Federal Power: Its Growth and Necessity. By
ony. Yet he celebrates France in poems equally ap-
Henry Litchfield West. 12mo, 216 pages.
plicable to any charming countryside, where sleepy
George H. Doran Co. $1.50.
fish and flowery sunsets intrigue the quiet heart. Co-operation in Danish Agriculture. By Harold
Faber.
But Mr. Mowrer is less the poet than the journalist
8vo., 176 pages. Longmans, Green
& Co. $2.75.
of nature. He wins her with a phrase, bestows an
The Evolution of the Earth and Its Inhabitants:
adjective like a light kiss, hums a little song, and
A Series of Lectures Delivered before the Yale
goes his untroubled way. In poems otherwise un-
Chapter of the Sigma Xi. By Joseph Barrell,
distinguished he has evocative lines like these:
Charles Schuchert, Lorande Loss Woodruff,
the sun
Richard Swan Lull, Ellsworth Huntington.
Groping golden through the branches
..
Illustrated, 8vo., 208 pages. Yale University
The great rocks heave their shoulders up from the out Press. $2.50.
ward-setting tide
The Valley of Democracy. By Meredith Nichol-
Like a shoal of black sea-monsters feeding shoreward
son. Illustrated, 12mo., 284 pages. Charles
side by side.
Scribner's Sons. $2.
He speaks of the Bois des Buttes, where the lilies-
The Life and Letters of Joel Chandler Harris. By
of-the-valley in
Julia Collier Harris. Illustrated, 8vo., 620
unresisting multitudes have won
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50.
The bloody glades, the long disputed dells;
Three French Moralists and The Gallantry of
and of the fishermen who "complain contentedly."
France. By Edmund Gosse. 12mo., 176
Everywhere there are evidences of his skill in word pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
selection, his sense of dramatic contrast, which yet
God's Counterpoint. A novel. By J. D. Beresford.
does not quite give the rich tumult, the fine fire of
12mo., 384 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50.
A novel. By Vincente Blasco Ibáñez.
poetry. Perhaps unwittingly, he is betrayed by Sónnica. A novel.
echoes. Rupert Brooke and Walter de la Mare,
Translated by Frances Douglas. 12mo., 331
pages. Duffield & Co. $1.35.
most of all, sound in these lyric whimsies, these deli Can Grande's Castle. Verse. By Amy Lowell.
cate ghost-whispers. But something Mr. Mowrer's
16mo., 232 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50.
own is still apparent in his work. It is more than
Cornhuskers. Verse. By Carl Sandburg. 12mo.,
anything else a feeling for balance, a thoughtful
147 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.30.
weighing of some aspect of nature against a nearer, On Heaven and Poems Written on Active Service.
human vision, or of some human tragedy against the By Ford Madox Hueffer. 12mo., 128 pages.
rce indifference of time. When he escapes senti John Lane Co. $1.25.


1918
277
THE DIAL
Do you know
--what is being said in ENGLAND
about “war after the war"?
-the present political situation in
BOHEMIA?
-what the various Socialist parties
in FRANCE stand for?
Reconstruction
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Next to the waging of the
war the most important
problem is the problem of
reconstruction.
England, organized for
victory, is also organized
for a sweeping reconstitu-
tion of society.
The problems of indus-
trial, educational, and in-
ternational readjustment
must be faced now or
peace will find America
unprepared.
The world of tomorrow
means opportunity and
responsibility.
How will America mee
the challenge?
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278
October 5
THE DIAL
Current News
man; The Arbitral Determination of Wages, by J.
T. FISHER Unwin (London) is preparing for pub- Schaffner & Marx prize essay for 1918.
Noble Stockett, Jr., the last volume being the Hart,
lication The Contemporary Drama of Ireland, by
Ernest A. Boyd, The DIAL's Dublin correspondent.
Rand McNally & Co. announce the addition of
four new volumes by F. E. Stewart to their Home
The Fleming H. Revell Co. announce Jerusalem, Economics series.
Past and Present: The City of Undying Memories, Economy, Diet for Adults, Diet for Children, and
Economics series. The group will include Food
by Dr. Gaius Glenn Atkins.
Diet for Invalids.
The Century Co, is publishing a new edition of
The J. B. Lippincott Co. announce for immediate
Harry A. Franck's Vagabond Journey Around the publication Forced Movements, Tropisms, and Ani-
World, edited by the author's sister, Miss Lena M. mal Conduct, by Jacques Loeb, of the Rockefeller
Franck.
Institute. This is the first volume of a new series of
The Profits of Religion: An Essay in Economic monographs covering the subjects of experimental
Interpretation is the title of a new book by Upton biology and general physiology.
Sinclair, which the author-publisher announces for
Can Such Things Be?-a hitherto unpublished
early fall.
volume by Ambrose Bierce-is announced for pub-
The University of Chicago Press has in train for lication in October by Boni & Liveright. An essay
early winter publication John Calvin Ferguson's by Wilson Follett on the work of Ambrose Bierce
Scammon Lectures to appear under the title Out-
appeared in The Dial for July 18 under the title
lines of Chinese Art,
America's Neglected Satirist.
J. G. Cook has made an analysis of anti-British
The Macmillan Co. offer two new volumes of
prejudice in the United States which is being pub- The Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield.
lished by the Four Seas Co. under the title Anglo- These volumes, V and VI, covering the career of
phobia.
Disraeli from 1869 until its close, are by George
The fall list of the Association Press includes E. Buckle, in succession to W. F. Monypenny, au-
Finding the Comrade God, by G. Walter Fiske, thor of the previous volumes in the series.
and Christian Ethics in the World War, by W.
Among the sixteen new titles which Boni & Live-
Douglas Mackenzie.
right announce for publication in their Modern Li-
The Battle of the Marne, originally included in brary series this month are two new anthologies,
Poems with Fables in Prose, by Herbert Trench, is with introductions by Richard LeGallienne, a Mod-
now being published in a separate volume by Con ern Book of English Verse and a Modern Book of
stable & Co., of London.
American Verse. A translation of The Flame of
New Scribner publications this month include: Life, by Gabriele D'Annunzio, is also to appear in
Our Navy in the War, by Lawrence Perry; Byways this series.
in Southern Tuscany, by Katherine Hooker; Chil-
dren of the Dear Cotswolds, by Louis Dodge; On
Contributors
Our Hill, by Josephine Dascom Bacon.
THE BETTER known books of George Moore are:
Rupert Brooke: A Memoir, by Edward Marsh,
A Modern Lover (1883, revised 1917), A Mum-
which was reviewed in Edward Shanks' London Let-
mer's Wife (1884), Confessions of a Young Man
ter in The Dial for September 19, is soon to appear
(1888), Impressions and Opinions (1890), Modern
in an American edition under the John Lane Co.
Painting (1893), Esther Waters (1894), Celibates
imprint.
(1895), Evelyn Innes (1898), Sister Teresa
Little, Brown & Co.'s October publications
(1901), The Untilled Field (1903), The Lake
include: The Golden Road, by Lilian Whiting; (1905), Memoirs of My Dead Life (1906), Hail
Heroes of Aviation, by Laurence LaToulette and Farewell (1911-14), The Brook Kerith (1916).
Driggs; and a group of short stories by Lord Dun-
Lola Ridge is a native of Australia who has been
sany—Tales of War.
some years in this country, writing fiction and verse.
A Book of Remarkable Criminals, by H. B.
This fall B. W. Huebsch will bring out her The
Irving, and The Second Book of Artemas, a humor-
Ghetto and Other Poems.
ous chronicle of the war, of which the first Book ap-
William Ellery Leonard is a member of the Eng-
peared last spring, have just been published in this
lish Department of the University of Wisconsin.
country by the George H. Doran Co.
Small, Maynard & Co. plan to publish on October
He is the author of Byron and Byronism in America
15 The Peak of the Load, by Mildred Aldrich. The
(1905), The Vaunt of Man and Other Poems
Hilltop on the Marne and On the Edge of the Fight (1912), Glory of the Morning (play, 1912), Aesop
ing Zone, by the same author, were reviewed in The
and Hyssop (1913), Socrates (1915), Lucretius
Dial for January 31.
(blank verse translation, 1916), Sonnets on Shake-
Among the books just published by Houghton speare (1916).
Mifflin are: The Life of Lamartine, by H. Remsen The other contributors to this number have previ-
Whitehouse; Frank Duveneck, by Norbert Heer- ously written for The Dial.


1918
279
THE DIAL

IPUTNAMS
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and cloth-bound edition of the best new book on the
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This book describes the growth of the movement
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80
October 5, 1918
THE DIAL
“Modernism in collision with the ancient war spirit is the actual theme" (Boston Transcript) of
NEW
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TWE
AN ULTRA MODERN LOVE STORY by the Author of Second Youth
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wich Village; the members of the artist community up-State where the story happens; a
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1 $1.50 net
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YOU'RE ONLY YOUNG ONCE
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art
Gosse and Moore—by Moore
THE DIAL
A FORTNIGHTLY
VOL. XLV L.XY
NEW YORK
NO. 775
OCTOBER 19, 1918
THE MODERN POINT OF VIEW AND THE New ORDER.
Thorstein Veblen
289
.
.
.
.
.
I. The Instability of Knowledge and Belief.
HUMORESQUE. Verse
Edna St. Vincent Millay 293
RECONSTRUCTING AMERICAN BUSINESS
J. George Frederick 294
AN IMAGINARY CONVERSATION: Gosse and Moore, II. George Moore 297
VICTORY IN THE CABARETS. Verse .
Louis Untermeyer 302
RECONSTRUCTION AT WORK
Helen Marot 303
A POINTLESS POINTILLIST
Conrad Aiken 306
FASHIONS OF THE PEACEMAKERS
H. M. Kallen 307
The MORALITY OF SACRIFICE
Randolph Bourne 309
EDITORIAL.
311
FOREIGN COMMENT: The Precipice.-Boycotting Germany.
314
COMMUNICATIONS: The Nation's Problem.-Family-Album Americanism.
315
Notes On New Books: The Sunny South and Its People.—Handbook of Furniture 316
Styles.— The Heart of Alsace.—Memoirs of Mercy Argenteau.—Wisconsin Plays.-
Simba.-Les Dessous du Congrès de Vienne.—Over the Threshold of War.–Portuguese
Portraits.-Psychical Phenomena and the War.—Home Fires in France.—Yesterdays.-
Colette Baudoche.-Wings in the Night.
.
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282
October 19
THE DIAL
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PREFACE BY Hugh WalPOLE
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1918
283
THE DIAL
AVANT
DROIT
What Did Esmeralda Do? LIPPINCOTT
She couldn't sew, she couldn't knit,
BOOKS
She couldn't make a comfort kit;
What did Esmeralda do ?
She filled the ranks, and manned the tanks,
And drew the shekels from the banks;
For what she did, this hypnotizer,
1792
1918
Made men rush off to fight the Kaiser.
ESMERALDA
FOR SALE AT ALL
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By NINA WILCOX PUTNAM and NORMAN JACOBSEN
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MONTRBAL PHILADELPHIA
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The Submarine in War and Peace The Romance of Old Philadelphia
Its Development and Its Possibilities
By JOHN T. FARIS, Author of
By SIMON LAKE, M. I. N. A.
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one of the chief inventors of that style of craft.
volume a historical appeal to all Americans. The
The lay reader will find the narrative and descrip-
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tions of fascinating interest. A multitude of admir-
character.
able illustrations add to the value of this important
Decorative Textiles
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By GEORGE LELAND HUNTER
The Historical Nights Entertainment | 557 illustrations in color and halftone; handsomely
By RAFAEL SABATINI
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Murder of the Duke of Gandia,” “The Case of the been shown before. A magnificent work.
Lady Alice Lisle," and others of equal or greater
import. The fact that each story culminates in the The Business of the Household
dramatic happenings of a night, leads to the captions:
By C. W. TABER
The Night of Betrayal, The Night of Charity, The
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Illustrated. $2.00 net.
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writers such as Dumas.
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284
October 19
THE DIAL
Two of the GREATEST Modern Novels
Ву
Vicente
Blasco
Ibanez
The Four Horsemen of
the Apocalypse
First and
Second
Editions
Exhausted.
Third Edition
Now Ready.
Fourth Edition
in Press.
Cloth
Net $1.90.
Authorized Translation by
CHARLOTTE BREWSTER JORDAN
The story of a voluntarily expatriated Frenchman who returns with
wealth and a family to Paris just before the war. The plot is broadly
based, and international in sweep. It opens leisurely on the cattle plains of
Argentina, and the movement quickens through scenes which show Paris
rising to war, to the thrilling chapter describing the flow and ebb of the
German forces over Desnoyer's chateau in the Marne country. Especially
interesting are its pictures of the men in Paris, Russians, Spaniards, etc.,
who looked on the coming of war from the viewpoints of other lands.
Altogether as The World puts it: "It has pre-eminent place among recent
books of fiction as a world romance which compels international
recognition."
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
the case
.
"Superlatives are boomerangs, and enthusiasms too often won't stand recording, but
of Vicente Blasco Ibanez's 'The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse' offers an exception. Months ago
this tremendous novel of the war was reviewed from the original on this page with many ardent super-
latives. Now it appears again in the translation of Charlotte Brewster Jordan and after a second
reading it is possible to notice it even more enthusiastically. Certainly in it Ibanez has fulfilled Sainte
Beuve's definition of what a classic should be . . It enriches the human mind and increases its treas-
ure.”—Detroit Sunday News.
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
our
"It is in every page instinct with indescribable fascination Predictions are rash, we know.
But we venture this, that for portrayal at once of the spirit and the grim substance of war
time will see no more convincing work of genius than this.”—The Tribune, New York.
"A great novel, one of the three or four
"So far, the distinguished novel of the
outstanding novels of the war.'
war."
-The Globe, N. Y.
-Brooklyn Eagle.
SALT
THE MOST
If you are not satis-
INTENSELY
fied with what schools
FELT AND
and colleges have
CLEARLY
DRAWN
done for you and your
RECENT
or The Education of Griffith Adams
sons now is the time
PICTURE
to consider their
OF A MAN'S
By CHARLES G. NORRIS
reform before they
FORMATIVE
Third Edition, Fourth in press. $1.50 net.
fall back into old ruts
YEARS.
after the war.
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The American
Scandinavian Review
for November-December
.
THE BOUNDARIES OF FINLAND By Laurence Marcellus Larson
A plan for a Greater Finland, a bulwark against Slav and Teuton
A NATION WITHOUT A FLAG
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The Finns at the Olympic Games
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No. 20. Vol. X.
THE
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Oct.-Dec., 1918
75c a copy
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Peace via Austria
An Earlier League to Enforce Peace
Henry Adams
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THE DIAL
-
-
A FORTNIGHTLY
The Modern
Point of
View
and the New Order
I.
THE INSTABILITY OF KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF
As
S IS TRUE of any other point of view that may habits of thought and these newer preconceptions
be characteristic of any other period of history, so which do not fit into the framework of West-Euro-
also the modern point of view is a matter of habit. pean conventional thinking are not ordinarily rated
It is a trait which is common to modern civilized as intrinsic to the modern point of view. They need
peoples only in so far as these peoples have come not therefore be less to the purpose as a guide and
through substantially the same historical experience criterion of human living; it is only that they are
and have thereby acquired substantially the same alien to those purposes which are considered to be
habits of thought and have fallen into somewhat the of prime consequence in civilized life as it is guided
same prevalent frame of mind. This modern point and tested by the constituent principles of the mod-
of view therefore is limited both in time and space. ern point of view.
It is characteristic of the modern historical era and What is spoken of as a point of view is always a
of such peoples as lie within the range of that pe composite affair—some sort of rounded and bal-
culiar civilization which marks off the modern anced system of principles and standards, which are
world from what has gone before and from what taken for granted, at least provisionally, and which
still prevails outside of its range. In other words, serve as a base of reference and legitimation in all
it is a trait of modern Christendom, of Occidental questions of deliberate opinion. So, when any given
civilization as it has run within the past few cen usage or any line of conduct or belief is seen and
turies. This general statement is not vitiated by approved from the modern point of view, it comes
the fact that there has been some slight diffusion of to the same as saying that these things are seen and
these modern and Western ideas outside of this accepted in the light of those principles which mod-
range in recent times.
ern men habitually consider to be final and suffi-
By historical accident, it happens that the modern cient. They are principles of right, equity, pro-
point of view has reached its maturest formulation priety, duty-perhaps of knowledge, belief, and
and prevails with the least faltering among the taste.
French and English-speaking peoples; so that these It is evident that these principles and standards
peoples may be said to constitute the center of dif of what is right, good, true, and beautiful will vary
fusion for that system of ideas which is called the from one age to another and from one people to
modern point of view. Outward from this broad another in response to the varying conditions of life
center the same range of ideas prevail throughout -inasmuch as these principles are of the nature of
Christendom, but they prevail with less singleness habit—although the variation will of course range
of conviction among the peoples who are culturally only within the limits of that human nature that
more remote from this center-increasingly so with
finds expression in these same principles of right,
each farther remove. These others have carried good, truth, and beauty. So also it will be found
over a larger remainder of the habits of thought of that something in the way of a common measure of
an earlier age, and have carried them over in a verity and sufficiency runs through any such body
better state of preservation. It may also be that of principles that are accepted as final and self-evi-
these others, or some of them, have acquired habits dent at any given time and place—in so far as this
of thought of a new order which do not altogether habitual body of principles has reached such a degree
fit into that system of ideas that is commonly spoken of poise and consistency that they can fairly be said
of as the modern point of view. That such is the to constitute a stable point of view. It is only be-
case need imply neither praise nor blame. It is only cause there is such a degree of consistency and such a
that, hy common usage, these remainders of ancient
measure of validity among the
common
com-


290
October 19
THE DIAL
monly accepted principles of conduct and belief medieval and modern times, the contrast is perhaps
today, that it is possible to speak intelligently of the most neatly shown in the altered standards of knowl-
modern point of view, and to contrast it with any edge and belief, rather than in the immediate domain
other point of view which may have prevailed in the of law and morals. Not that the mutation of habits
Middle Ages or in pagan antiquity.
which then overtook the Western world need have
The Romans were given to saying "tempora been less wide or less effectual in matters of conduct;
mutantur," and the Spanish have learned to speak but the change which has taken effect in science
indulgently in the name of "costumbres del pais." and philosophy, between the fourteenth century and
The common law of the English-speaking peoples the nineteenth, for instance, appears to have been of
does not coincide at all points with what was in a more articulate character, more readily defined in
defeasibly right and good in the eyes of the Romans; succinct and convincing terms. It has also quite
and still less do its principles countenance all the generally attracted the attention of those men who
vagaries of the Mosaic code. Yet, each and several, have interested themselves in the course of historical
in their due time and institutional setting, these have events, and it has therefore become something of a
all been tried and found valid and have approved commonplace in any standard historical survey of
themselves as securely and eternally right and good modern civilization.
in principle.
It will also be found true that the canons of
Evidently these principles, which so are made to knowledge and belief, the principles governing what
serve as standards of validity in law and custom, is fact and what is credible, are more intimately
knowledge and belief, are of the nature of canons, and intrinsically involved in the habitual behavior
established rules, and have the authority of prece- of the human spirit than the habitual elements of
dent. They have been defined by the attrition of human behavior in other bearings. Such is neces-
use and wont and disputation, and they are accepted sarily the case, because the principles which guide
in a somewhat deliberate manner by common con and limit knowledge and belief are the ways and
sent and are upheld by a deliberate public opinion means by which men take stock of what is to be done
as to what is right and seemly. In the popular and by which they take thought of how it is to be
apprehension, and indeed in the apprehension of the done. It is by the use of their habitual canons of
trained jurists and scholars for the time being, these knowledge and belief that men construct those
constituent principles of the accepted point of view canons of conduct which serve as guide and stand-
are "fundamentally and eternally right and good.” ards in practical life. Men do not pass appraisal on
But this perpetuity with which they so are habitually matters which lie beyond the reach of their knowl-
invested in the popular apprehension, in their time, edge and belief, nor do they formulate rules to
is evidently only such a qualified perpetuity as be- govern the game of life beyond that limit.
longs to any settled outgrowth of use and wont. So, congenitally blind persons do not build color
They are of an institutional character, and they are schemes, nor will a man without "an ear for music"
endowed with only that degree of perpetuity that become a master of musical composition. So also,
belongs to any institution. So soon as a marked "the medieval mind” took no' thought and made no
change of circumstances comes on a change of a provision for those later-arisen exigencies of life and
sufficiently profound, enduring, and comprehensive those later-known facts of material science which
character, such as persistently to cross or to go be- lay yet beyond the bounds of its medieval knowledge
yond those lines of use and wont out of which these and belief; but this "medieval mind" at the same
settled principles have emerged—then these prin- time spent much thought and took many excellent
ciples and their standards of validity and finality precautions about things which have now come to be
must presently undergo a revision, such as to bring accounted altogether fanciful—things which the
on a new balance of principles, embodying the habits maturer insight, or perhaps the less fertile conceit,
of thought enforced by a new situation, and express- of a more experienced age has disowned as being
ing itself in a revised scheme of authoritative use palpably not in accord with fact.
and wont, law and custom. In the transition from That is to say, things which once were convinc-
the medieval to the modern point of view, for ex- ingly substantial and demonstrable, according to the
ample, there is to be seen such a pervasive change best knowledge and belief of the medieval mind, can
in men's habitual outlook, answering to the compul- now no longer be discerned as facts, according to
sion of a new range of circumstances which then those canons of knowledge and belief that are now
came to condition the daily life of the peoples of doing duty among modern men as conclusive stand-
Christendom.
ards of reality. Not that all persons who are born
In this mutation of the habitual outlook between within modern times are thereby rendered unable to


1918
291
THE DIAL
know and to believe in such medieval facts, for ex- presently fall away; and the new generation, whose
ample, as horoscopes, or witchcraft, or gentle birth, experience has run on other lines, is in a fair way
or the efficacy of prayer, or the divine right of kings; to lose these articles of faith and insight by disuse.
but, taken by and large, and in so far as it falls under It is a case of obsolescence by habitual disuse. And
the control of the modern point of view, the delib- the habitual disuse which so allows the ancient
erate consensus of knowledge and belief now runs canons of knowledge and belief to fall away, and
to the effect that these and other imponderables like thereby cuts the ground from under the traditional
them no longer belong among ascertained or ascer system of law and custom, is reenforced by the ad-
tainable facts, but that they are on the other hand vancing discipline of a new order of experience,
wholly illusory conceits, traceable to a mistaken point which exacts an habitual apprehension of workday
of view prevalent in that earlier and cruder age. facts in terms of a different kind and thereby brings
The principles governing knowledge and belief on a revaluation and revision of the traditional rules
are primary and pervasive, beyond any others, in governing human relations. The new terms of
that they underlie all human deliberation and com- workday knowledge and belief, which do not con-
prise the necessary elements of all human logic. But form to the ancient canons, go to enforce and stabil-
it is also to be noted that these canons of knowledge ize new canons and standards, of a character alien
and belief are more immediately exposed to revision to the traditional point of view. It is, in other
and correction by experience than the principles of words, a case of obsolescence by displacement as
law and morals. So soon as the conditions of life well as by habitual disuse.
shift and change in any appreciable degree, experi This unsettling discipline that is brought to bear
ence will enforce a revision of the habitual standards by workday experience is chiefly and most immedi-
of actuality and credibility, by force of the habitual ately the discipline exercised by the material condi-
and increasingly obvious failure of what has before tions, the exigencies that beset men in their everyday
habitually been regarded as ascertained fact. Things dealings with the material means of life, inasmuch
which, under the ancient canons of knowledge, have as these material facts are insistent and uncom-
habitually been regarded as known fact—as, for promising. And the scope and method of knowledge
instance, witchcraft or the action of bodies at a and belief which is forced on men in their everyday
distance—will under altered circumstances prove material concerns will unavoidably, by habitual use,
themselves by experience to have only a supposed extend to other matters as well, so as to affect the
reality. Any knowledge that runs in such outworn scope and method of knowledge, and belief in all
terms will turn out to be futile, misleading, meaning that concerns those imponderable facts which lie
less; and the habit of imputing qualities and be- outside the immediate range of material experience.
havior of this kind to everyday facts will then fall It results that, in the further course of changing
into disuse, progressively as experience continues to habituation, those imponderable relations, conven-
bring home the futility of all that kind of imputa- tions, claims, and perquisites that make up the time-
tion. And presently the habit of perceiving that worn system of law and custom will unavoidably
class of qualities and behavior in the known facts is also be brought under review, and will be revised
therefore gradually lost.
and reorganized in the light of the same new prin-
So also, in due time, the observances and the pre- ciples of validity that are found to be sufficient in
cautions and provisions embodied in law and custom dealing with material facts. Given time and a
for the preservation or the control of these lost im- sufficiently exacting run of experience, and it will fol-
ponderables will fall into disuse and disappear low necessarily that much the same standards of
out of the scheme of institutions, by way of becoming truth and finality will come to govern men's knowl-
dead-letter or by abrogation. Particularly will such edge and valuation of facts throughout, whether the
a loss of belief and insight, and the consequent loss' facts in question lie in the domain of material things
of those imponderables whose ground has thereby or in the domain of those imponderable conventions
gone out from under them, take effect with the pass- and preconceptions that decide what is right and
ing of generations. An imponderable is an article proper in human intercourse. It follows necessarily
of make-believe which has become axiomatic by --because the same persons, bent by the same dis-
force of settled habituation. It can accordinglycipline and habituation, take stock of both and are
cease to be an imponderable by a course of un- required to get along with both during the same
settling habituation. Those elders in whom the lifetime. The scope and method of knowledge and
ancient habits of faith and insight were ingrained, valuation will control the thinking of the same in-
and in whose knowledge and belief consequently the dividuals throughout, at least to the extent that any
imponderables in question had a vital reality, will given article of faith and usage which is palpably at


292
October 19
THE DIAL
cross purposes with this main intellectual bent will stituent principles of the established system of law
soon begin to seem immaterial and irrelevant, and and custom are of the nature of imponderables, of
will tend to become obsolete by neglect.
course; but they are imponderables which have been
Such has always been the fate which overtakes conceived and formulated in terms of a different
any notable articles of faith and usage that belong order from those that are convincing to the modern
to a bygone point of view. Any established system scientists and engineers. Whereas the line of ad-
of law and order will remain securely stable only vance of the scientists and engineers, dominated by
on condition that it be kept in line or brought into their mechanistic conception of things, appears to
line to conform with those canons of validity that be the main line of march for modern civilization.
have the vogue for the time being; and the vogue It should seem reasonable to expect, therefore, that
is a matter of habits of thought ingrained by every- the scheme of law and custom will also fall into line
day experience. And the moral is that any estab with this mechanistic conception that appears to
lished system of law and custom is due to undergo mark the apex of growth in modern intellectual life.
a revision of its constituent principles so soon as a
But hitherto the "due time" needed for the adjust-
new order of economic life has had time materially ment has apparently not been had, or perhaps the
to affect the community's habits of thought. But experience which drives men in the direction of a
all the while the changeless native proclivities of the mechanistic conception of all things has not hitherto
race will assert themselves in some measure in any been driving them hard enough or unremittingly
eventual revision of the received institutional sys- enough to carry such a revision of ideas out in the
tem; and always they will stand ready eventually system of law and custom. The modern point of
to break the ordered scheme of things into a para view in matters of law and custom appears to be
lytic mass of confusion if it can not be bent into somewhat in arrears, as measured by the later ad-
some passable degree of congruity with the par- vance in science and technology.
amount native needs of life.
But just now the attention of thoughtful men
centers on questions of practical concern-questions
What is likely to arrest the attention of any stu- of law and usage—brought to a focus by the fla-
dent of the modern era from the outset is the pe- grant miscarriage of that organization of Christen-
culiar character of its industry and of its intellectual dom that has brought the war upon the civilized
outlook, particularly the scope and method of mod- nations. The paramount question just now is what
ern science and philosophy. The intellectual life to do to save the civilized nations from irretriev-
of modern Europe and its cultural dependencies able disaster, and what further may be accomplished
differs notably from what has gone before. There by taking thought so that no similar epoch of calami-
is all about it an air of matter-of-fact, both in its ties shall be put in train for the next generation.
technology and in its science, which culminates in It is realized that there must be something in the
a "mechanistic conception" of all those things with way of a “reconstruction" of the scheme of things ;
which scientific inquiry is concerned, and in the and it is also realized, though more dimly, that the
light of which many of the dread realities of the reconstruction must be carried out with a view to
Middle Ages look like superfluous make-believe. the security of life under such conditions as men
But it has been only during the later decades of will put up with, rather than with a view to the
the modern era that this mechanistic conception of impeccable preservation of the received scheme of
things has begun seriously to affect the current sys- law and custom. All of which is only saying that
tem of knowledge and belief, and it has not hitherto the constituent principles of the modern point of
seriously taken effect except in technology and in view are to be taken under advisement--reviewed
the material sciences. So that it has not hitherto and, conceivably, revised and brought into line-
seriously invaded the established scheme of insti- in so far as these principles are constituent elements
tutional arrangements—the system of law and cus- of that received scheme of law and custom that is
tom—which governs the relations of men to one spoken of as the status quo. It is the status quo in
another and defines their mutual rights, obligations, respect of law and custom, not in respect of science
advantages, and disabilities. But it should reason and technology or of knowledge and belief, that is
ably be expected that this established system of to be brought under review. Law and custom, it
rights, duties, proprieties, and disabilities will also is believed, may be revised to meet the requirements
in due time come in for something in the way of a of civilized men's knowledge and belief; but no man
revision, to bring it all more nearly into congruity hopes to revise the modern system of knowledge and
with that matter-of-fact conception of things that belief to bring it all into conformity with the time-
lies at the root of modern civilization. The con worn scheme of law and custom of the status quo.


1918
293
THE DIAL
Therefore the bearing of this stabilized modern ities induce men to revise these established principles
point of view on these questions of practical con of conduct, and the specifications of the code based
cern is of present interest-its practical value as on them, so effectually as to guard against any
ground for a reasonably hopeful reconstruction of chance of return to the same desperate situation in
the war-shattered scheme of use and wont, its pos the calculable future? Can the discipline of recent
sible serviceability as a basis of enduring settlement, experience and the insight bred by the new order of
as well as the share which its constituent principles knowledge and belief, reenforced by the shock of
have had in the creation of that status quo out of the present miscarriage, be counted on to bring such
which this epoch of calamities has been precipitated. a revision of these principles of law and custom as
The status quo ante, in which the roots of this will preclude a return to that status quo ante from
growth of misfortunes and impossibilities are to be which this miscarriage of civilization has resulted ?
found, lies within the modern era, of course, and it The latter question is more to the point. History
is nowise to be decried as an alien, or even as an teaches that men, taken collectively, learn by habitu-
unforeseen, outgrowth of this modern era,
By and ation rather than by precept and reflection-par-
large, the stabilized modern point of view has gov- ticularly as touches those underlying principles of
erned men's dealings within this era, and its con truth and validity on which the effectual scheme of
stituent principles of right and honest living must law and custom finally rests.
therefore, presumptively, be held answerable for the In the last analysis it resolves itself into a ques-
disastrous event of it all at least to the extent that tion as to how and how far the habituation of the
they have permissively countenanced the growth recent past, mobilized by the shock of the present
of those sinister conditions which have now ripened conjuncture, will have affected the frame of mind
into a state of world-wide shame and confusion. of the common man in these civilized countries; for
How and how far is this modern point of view, in the last analysis, and with due allowance for a
this established body of legal and moral principles, margin of tolerance, it is the frame of mind of the
to be accounted an accessory to this crime? And if common man that makes the foundation of society
it be argued that this complication of atrocities has in the modern world. And the fortunes of the
come on, not because of these principles of conduct civilized world, for good or ill, have come to turn
which are so dear to civilized men and so blameless
on the deeds of commission and omission of these
in their sight, but only in spite of them, then what
advanced peoples among whom the frame of mind of
is the particular weakness or shortcoming inherent in
the common man is the finally conditioning circum-
this body of principles which has allowed such a
growth of malignant conditions to go on and gather The advice and consent of the common run has
stance in what may safely be done or left undone.
head? If the modern point of view—these settled
principles of conduct by which modern men col- latterly come to be indispensable to the conduct of
lectively are actuated in what they will do and in
affairs among civilized men, somewhat in the same
what they will permit—if these canons and stand- degree in which the community is to be accounted a
ards of clean and honest living have proved to be a
civilized people. It is indispensable at least in a
fatal snare, then it becomes an urgent question: Is permissive way, at least to the extent that no line
it safe, or sane, to go into the future by the light of policy can long be pursued successfully without
of these same established canons of right, equity,
the permissive tolerance of the common run; and
and propriety that have been tried and found
the margin of tolerance in the case appears to te
wanting?
narrower, the more alert and the more matter-of-
Perhaps the question should rather take the less
fact the frame of mind of the common man.
didactic form: Will the present experience of calam-
THORSTEIN VEBLEN.
Humoresque
"Heaven bless the babe," they said ;
“What queer books she must have read !"
(Love, by whom I was beguiled,
Grant I may not bear a child !)
"Little does she guess today
What the world may be,” they say.
(Snow, drift deep and cover
Till the spring my murdered lover!)
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY.


294
October 19
THE DIAL
Reconstructing American
Business
THERE
HERE is a special reason why the American of the soldiers makes the business man as uneasy as
business man is particularly interested in planning a hostess who knows a troop of hungry guests are
for the period after the war. Today he is virtually coming soon and is not sure whether she will have
a stranger in his own domain. Whichever way he enough for them to eat. The guests are taking it
turns, whatever phase of business he looks at, all is for granted that there will be plenty, but the hostess
changed under the strangely pallid mercury lamp of knows that it cannot happen without much planning
war. His old familiar market places and grooves
and work in advance. If the feast is not to prove
of activity, in fact the very atmosphere in which he a disappointment-or worse, a famine—there can be
was accustomed to work, seem lurid, hectic, altered. no delay, and certainly no shirking. The directors
Slowly his consciousness is becoming aware that of labor, like the hostess, will never be forgiven if
business not only will not be, but cannot be, what they fail. Their excuses will sound very silly.
business was before the war.
When such men get together at a club and talk
Is there any wonder then that everywhere busi- it over, as they so often do now, what is their
ness men are groping, thinking, and planning con process of thought and action?
cerning the time after the war? For a year or They face five hard and terrifically challenging
more business buried itself in the task of prepara- facts:
tion for war. The great war-time business ma-
(1) That on the day Germany invaded Belgium
chine which resulted swallowed up, to a large ex-
and started the great war, there was in America
tent, the peace-time business machine. But having
a surplusage of about 300,000 railway cars stand-
finally put the great war machine into successful
ing idle; that American industry was running at
and resultful operation, the live business man, as is
only about 60 per cent capacity; and that there
his wont, is thinking of the next big job, which he
were many thousands of men idle, with many
knows is after-war adjustment-rehabilitation of
municipal and national efforts to alleviate un-
the peace-time business machine, a monster job.
employment.
How does he know this? Because he is on the
front line here at home in the industrial part of (2) That now, through “war orders,” we have
warfare, which no one now doubts is the vital sup-
speeded up industry to an extent which has in-
porting platform for any modern military effort.
creased our annual volume of manufacture from
He sees that factories, offices, workers, executives,
about $25,000,000,000 to about $46,000,000,000;
money, equipment, material, and transportation have
utilizing every human being--male, female, halt,
quite as definitely, if not as literally, as the soldier or
or lame—who could be impressed into service;
sailor himself, discarded their regular work and
raising the enormously grave question of whether
gone across the sea to fight. The sense of radi we can hope to keep this pace on the cessation of
cal change, of reversal of aim and effort, and of the
war orders, and of what will happen if we can't
purely temporary nature of the strange new war
keep this pace.
task, is just as great with the manufacturer and (3) That approximately 18,000,000 people have
business man as with the soldier, performing actions changed their peace-time occupations in whole or
he had never even dreamed of performing, in a land in part, and will need to go through a readjust-
he had never expected to see and expects to quit ment after the war.
as soon as he “licks the Kaiser."
(4) That labor has become accustomed to some-
Being a planner and an organizer, and by nature
what inflated war-time standards of wages
of his occupation a student of risk and a preparer
and living, and will (from the point of view of the
for the practical future, the business man, even in
business man) present a very serious psychological
the midst of the war, is becoming restless at the
problem in itself when necessity calls for re-
outlook he faces. Responsibility weighs upon him
establishment of levels more normal.
for the maintenance of a strong and steady indus-
trial pace-easy enough now, but what of the day (5) That as soon as the war aim is achieved there
to come? Labor, even though now too fully pre will be on the one hand a natural relaxation of
occupied with its unprecedented wages to worry
what has been and is an almost perfect national
much over the future, naturally looks to him to pro unity of aim and effort, and on the other hand
vide a continuation of the present condition of plenty either too much or too little of government con-
of work at good wages. The prospect of the return trol over business, with the result that much


1918
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THE DIAL
confusion, conflict of selfish individualistic, politi- utilized as a great peace business machine-and
cal, class, and sectional interests, discouragement what is quite as important, operated, as now, by
of vital organizing ability, and chaos may follow. business men with experience and skill enough to
To be quite blunt, the set of five factors outlined get results from such heavy-duty mechanism.
above is proving sufficient to create a formidable
It is a real fear which business men have that
amount of pessimism, an actual fear of an after-
when the war ends we shall, on a false conception
war panic. Those business men who are not in-
of completion of patriotic duty, relinquish our high-
veterate optimists, who are not “bulls on their coun-
pitched effort and our integration of national
try's future,” say that we are certain to have a very
strength, and place in control again that type of
severe depression, do what we will, because private executive which our first war effort proved we can-
orders cannot at once supersede government war
not trust to do big-scale work. Added to this is the
orders in the volume necessary to keep the wheels
fear that these very men who have responded to the
whirring at anything like their present pace.
war call to lead successfully our industrial mobiliza-
More optimistic minds pin their faith to the in-
tion at considerable personal sacrifice will not con-
teraction of compensating economic forces through-
tinue their services to the country during recon-
struction.
out the world; in business language, the substitution
of rebuilding and restocking orders for war orders.
Now that I have depicted as well as I can the
It has been estimated that the destruction on land
state of mind of business regarding the after-war
in Europe amounts to at least $250,000,000,000; situation, it may be interesting to inquire what prac-
while Dr. Dernberg in Germany estimated the de-
tical program business is working for and what
struction of ships and goods at sea in one year alone practical preparations for after the war it is making.
(1917) as $6,225,000,000. Europe therefore needs What government action would business like to
from 300 to 500 billion dollars' worth of material;
see? Three or four national or partly national
while, in addition, general commercial stocks are
organizations of business men, as well as individual
low all over the world. These factors will assur-
business organizations, and of course many far-
edly require top-speed production for a period of
sighted individual business men, have gone on record
years to bring them back to normal. Such is the
either in discussions, resolutions, or interviews.
theory and the faith, but there is a veritable storm
There is a vigorous call for a special cabinet Min-
cloud of criss-crossing factors-economic, transpor- istry of Reconstruction, or a special After-the-War
tational, political, strategic, and military—which Planning Commission, composed of broad-gage busi-
casts the haze of uncertainty and danger over the
ness men assisted by experts. The fact that Eng-
first year or two after the war.
land has had a Ministry of Reconstruction headed by
And those first years are admittedly the critical
Lord Balfour, with a total of eighty-five specialized
ones. No one doubts that after several years, when committees, at work since 1916—to say nothing of
demobilization and readjustment will be general and reconstruction commissions in all other Allied coun-
complete, there will be unprecedented prosperity for tries—has served to lend emphasis to this demand by
America. It is the vital interim between the first au business men.
thentic hint of peace and the time when the world As for the Weeks resolution calling for a com-
is in full operation again on a peace basis that gives mission of Congressmen-six Democrats and six
pause to thinking business men.
Republicans-it does not have the approval of busi-
The more analytical, constructive minds wish to ness men generally, for the very obvious reason that
leave nothing to faith or feeling, but are keen for it proposes authority to rest with a group of partisan
constructive action to be begun at once-aggres- legislators. Why should the legislative branch of
sively, intelligently, with a sure practical touch and government undertake a work purely executive in
no fumbling, political log-rolling, delay, or inexpert character? How would the War Industries Board
dallying. They have that business imagination have fared headed by six Republican and six Demo-
which has made America what it is, and they have cratic Congressmen? Yet, in the view of business
the confidence and the energy to forge their imagina- men, it is quite as vital that a Reconstruction Min-
tion into reality. They would apply the tools of istry or Commission be operated after the fashion of
organization and analysis to the situation and force the War Industries Board with one man control,
the problem to an issue now, with definite, many and that man a business man. Above all it is hoped
departmented plans of action to take care of each that the after-war planning will not be blighted by
individual one of the great strains we shall be under. the political jealousies of parties jockeying for ad-
They want the splendid coherence and breadth of vantage and prestige. The fact that the Adminis-
operation of the great war business machine to be tration's Overman bill, calling for a commission,



296
October 19
THE DIAL
not Congressional, is closer to the ideas of business we held about 5 per cent of the world's trade; and
men than the Weeks bill does not mean that the if we had, in 1914, desired to operate our factories
business man's interest is a partisan one. As a mat- at their full peace-time production, it would have
ter of fact there is doubt whether either bill will been necessary to get 35 per cent of the world's ex-
meet the requirements as business men see them. port trade. Now, with our huge added factory
The concrete phases of reconstruction in which capacity, we should have to add almost all the
business men are interested, and which they believe world's export trade to our own consumption to
should be separately and individually covered by equal our present production capacity. In other
committees or bureaus, are the following:
words, we have arrived at that astounding moment
in our economic history when we have capacity for
(1) demobilization
satisfying not only most of our own needs but in
(2) factory conversion
addition the export needs of almost the entire world.
(3) export development and international com-
Of course we shall not get anything like all the
mercial policy
trade of the world—we are mere children in the
(4) merchant marine
handling of foreign trade. But as a first step busi-
(5) fuel, food, and vital materials
ness has welcomed the Webb bill permitting com-
(6) transportation
bination for export-a necessary thing since Eng-
(7) price stabilization
land and Germany are planning to use this tool very
(8) commercial and industrial research and sta- fully. We should also be sending a number of eco-
tistics
nomic commissions abroad to individual countries to
(9) labor and employment management
develop facts about the situation and make personal
(10) post-war financing
our expected business relationship. Next, business
(11) government control
is now getting behind the Sims bill calling for
(12) allotment and raw-material conservation
a national trademark, so that the very great good
(13) housing
will which our stand in the war has been devel-
(14) distribution
oping for the United States in all parts of the globe
(15) sales-management
may not only be made of trade advantage to us,
(16) administrative efficiency
but also that there may be a safeguard against mis-
(17) cost analysis
representation either by unscrupulous American firms
(18) consumption efficiency
or foreign imitators. On our new merchant ma-
(19) public administrative efficiency
rine, under the stars and stripes, it is proposed that
(20) retail and wholesale
only such American goods shall be carried as have
(21) publicity
the same integrity back of them that our war actions
(22) industrial education
have had back of them. Since we are a young
(23) repatriation
(24) occupational fitness and psychology
country in export, it is vital that American goods
be so marked, particularly since it is a well-known
(25) woman in industry
(26) credit conservation and control
trick of Germany to palm off goods as American.
(27) tariff
Individual business men are naturally at work
(28) agriculture
on reconstruction problems according to their own
(29) priority and coordination
judgment of what is to come. Take the problem
of the munitions manufacturer who before the war
(30) special and miscellaneous
did a $12,000,000 annual volume of business and
If such a group of thirty committees looks for- who now, because of war inflation, does a $60,000,-
midable to anyone, let the eighty-five committees 000 volume. He has built about fifty acres of addi-
and boards of Great Britain be remembered. There tional floor space, has added many thousands of new
is immediate and practical work for every one of workers. The first concrete move for peace will
the above named committees, whose joint efforts bring cancellation of his orders, and then he will
could be unified by a priority and coordination com- need to make something else. He is busy working
mittee, as indicated.
out what that something else shall be. So, of course,
Business is very earnestly interested in everything are other manufacturers; and the result is that in-
pertaining to the development of our export trade, tense effort to increase the consumption of these
because in its serious desire to find markets that articles will follow after the war. Other business
will take care of the surplus $20,000,000,000 fac- men who handle stocks of goods are everywhere
tory production over peace times, it sees that we agreeing that they must be caught by peace with
must sell huge quantities abroad. Before the war only a minimum of goods on hand, as prices will


1918
297
THE DIAL
quite certainly fall. Still other business men are come permanent after-war econo
nomies, but trade
frankly "putting their houses in order” for the ex abuses and wastes not yet eliminated are planned to
pected peace-time pressure, carefully studying effi- be eliminated when the coming of peace provides
cient methods, installing every plan and system for time and further incentive. The reduction of large
economy and efficiency, preparing their post-war numbers of models is certain to be made a reconstruc-
sales and advertising campaigns. Over a year ago tion as well as a war policy by hard-headed business
the chief executive of a large mid-western concern men. A manufacturer of saws once made 3,500 dif-
told me that he permitted no war-time matter to ferent models; today he makes 500. A plow-maker
come to his desk-only after-war matters. The once made 2,000 models; now he makes 25. Paint
same is true of many other big executives. Many manufacturers once made about 100 different colors;
entire lines of industry have had to put them now they have agreed upon 32.
selves on a highly economical basis, because of war In short, the war has acted, in the industrial
pressure on raw materials. Through the agency sense, as a forced attendance at a school of necessity
of the United States Chamber of Commerce 100 which has developed remarkable peace-time econo-
industries have unified themselves, so that a national mies and efficiencies which are still in the bud and
committee from each has power to bind the industry which during reconstruction days will blossom
for any action deemed necessary by the War In forth into their real value and power. Business
dustries Board. Astonishing unity for the elimina- knows this, and is keen to apply the new-found lore.
tion of waste has been achieved through such con Those with business vision believe that the changes
certed effort. Thirty million yards of woolens have in the temper of business men themselves and
been saved by the agreement of textile interests upon their newly dev.loped power for coordinated action
styles. The height and color-even the price spell a new upward trend in business after the war
of shoes, the content of food products, and the sizes which will very likely achieve fresh marvels of na-
of tires have been agreed upon as war-time economy
tional progress.
measures. These are now not only expected to be-
J. GEORGE FREDERICK.
An Imaginary Conversation
GOSSE AND MOORE
II.
the spirit and the flesh. And all you who have
Gosse. Don Quixote is another masterpiece that sought for this correspondence will accept the knight
ends unsatisfactorily.
of the rueful countenance as the unparalleled ex-
MOORE. I'm glad you mentioned Don Quixote. ample in which the flesh or lack of flesh proclaims
Defoe called him to your mind, for Cervantes too the soul.
was a literary hack, writing many comedies, autos, MOORE. Turgenev described a fitting envelope for
and poems, unworthy trash till he stumbled upon the spirit of Bazaroff, but Turgenev's conception is
a subject which he wrote as well as it could be writ small compared with the world-wide figure of the
ten till he came to the end of his inspiration. The knight riding forth by himself in the first instance,
coming to the end of one's inspiration is always and then returning in search of an esquire. As we
pathetic, and for Cervantes the loss was doubly watch the twain riding side by side through the
cruel, for it came suddenly and went suddenly, like highlands we seem to be looking upon some great
a wind. A fine wind it was while it lasted; a finer sculpture of Egypt and Assyria. Never was the
never blew peradventure, not excepting the wind world so wide before nor gestures so eternal.
that carried the plays along-Hamlet and Lear. Gosse. And we seem to be listening to Shake-
Cervantes sailed out of harbor in a grand gale. speare himself, who was a contemporary; and this
Who lives that does not sometimes think of the sets me thinking that perhaps the special quality of
Castilian gentleman, exalted by a long reading of their humor was not the insular possession of Eng-
the literature of knight-errantry, discovering armor land, but belonged to the great century that pro-
in a garret and repairing the helmet with brown duced these two men. They could not have known
paper on wire?
each other, and yet. But I must not allow
Gosse. Admirable, thrice admirable is the de our conversation to drift into Shakespearean con-
scription of the knight himself. Nor do I think
troversy. You said that never was the world so
that it is going too far to say that never in literature wide before nor gestures so eternal.
has so perfect a correspondence been found between Moore. As in the first adventures when the


298
October 19
THE DIAL
knight charged the flock and afterwards the wind if the meeting with the gang of convicts, Don Quix-
mill. And is it not thrilling to remember that they ote's charge, and the subsequent misunderstanding,
were on their way to the inn in which Don Quixote and the severe beating he receives as soon as he has
was enrolled by the innkeeper? And indeed I cannot freed them from their chains, comes just before or
keep myself from mentioning the vigil undertaken just after Sancho's departure. For the sake of a
at the instigation of the innkeeper. Think of it! clear division between the inspired and the unin-
or of telling you that it was the innkeeper who sent spired Cervantes, I would have it come before. But
the knight home in search of an esquire. The don it may come in the next division of the story, Nature
returns with Sancho mounted on an ass-was ever being the real author and Cervantes no more than
before an imagination so epical? And how splendid her mouthpiece. Nature is good at detail, but lacks
the blanketing of Sancho in the inn and the account rhythm; she lingers and spoils the harvest with an
of the evil-smelling slut stealing by mistake into the aftermath. It may come in the next division; yet
knight's bed, and he lying between sleeping and I do not see how it can, for we are introduced to
waking, dreaming of Dulcenea, instead of into the new characters, and stories are told that no one re-
bed of the lusty waggoner who had been looking members-Moorish maidens who became Christians
forward to her all that day for many weary miles. and such like. A faint memory lingers in me of a
After reading these pages I lay immersed in genius, curate. Do you remember?
like a medieval saint in God, the host still melting Gosse. My unfortunate memory, oh, my un-
on his tongue; and I continued in ecstasy till the fortunate memory.
twain reached an almost savage landscape so ad MOORE. There is no reason for being disheart-
mirably described.
ened, not this time, for it may be doubted if even
The time must have been late in the afternoon, Mr. Fitzmaurice Kelly could give any lucid account
for there still lingers in my mind a memory of peaks of these stories, though he refused to collaborate with
brilliant against the sun setting, and my ear still me in an edition that would exclude all extraneous
holds like a shell Don Quixote's voice telling Sancho matter and follow closely the fortunes of the knight
that he wishes to strip himself naked and stand upon and his esquire. He was right, for his closer study
his head, and Sancho begging the knight to refrain, of the book than mine had revealed to him, let us
saying that the sight of his master's naked rump in hope, the truth that the original inspiration was too
the air will bring up his stomach.
wonderful to be continued by gods or men; and
Gosse. You will allow me to interrupt you for a henceforth Cervantes, the hack writer, turns the
moment. The credit of introducing landscape into handle of his hurdy-gurdy, setting Don Quixote and
fiction has always been granted to Rousseau. But his esquire dancing to the old tune-Don Quixote
your mention of the rugged landscapes in Cervantes starting out on some new adventure, Sancho holding
puts it into my mind that the honor of introducing up his hands.
landscape background into fiction really belongs to GOSSE. It has often been said that a finer and
Cervantes. I remember the landscape you allude nobler nature begins to appear in the knight in the
to; it is brushed in with the energy of Salvator Rosa. second part; and I do not think that this is untrue to
Moore. It is indeed, and many others. But I nature, for if we contain any grain of good it ripens
would remind you that yourself deprecated the in-
as we live.
troduction of Shakespearean controversy into our MOORE. The change in the knight, if there be
talk; and you did well, and I did ill when I spoke any change, does not help us to any new appreciation
of Egyptian and Assyrian sculpture, for the land of him; and I say this though I know in saying it
scapes through which the knight and his escort fol- I am at variance with Turgenev, who drew the
low their adventures are superterrestrial. We have attention of the Moscow students to the death of
left our miserable little planet for a larger one, Don Quixote, trampled to death by a herd of swine,
Jupiter maybe, and the book drops from our hands and to the last words of the chivalrous knight. I
in amazement when the Don throws his heels into will not ask you what they are;
will not ask you what they are; I too have forgotten
the air. Cervantes' last inspiration—no, the last is them, and only remember that "though all things
Sancho turning in the saddle, and catching sight of pass away, even beauty, chivalry, and truth, good-
the knight's shanks above his shirt; he drops into ness remains." A stupid paraphrase doubtless, but
reverie, falls to considering his relation, for he is a beautiful idea it is, truly, that he who had fol-
on his way back to recount the knight's last exploits lowed goodness all his life long should find his death
to Dulcenea.
at last under cloven hooves. But the herd of swine
The book should have ended here, for God him is introduced into the story casually—a casual
self could not have invented adventures more won thought introduced into a casually composed sequel
ful than those that have been. I have forgotten in which Sancho becomes a pour of proverbial wis-


1918
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THE DIAL
I
dom, while the knight rides wrapped in meditation, Moore. Of course I should, Gosse; you're help-
like Falstaff; for Shakespeare, too, intellectualized ing me; I cannot find words to tell you how much,
his knight, thereby puzzling the mummers who try
and my essay seems to be coming. You're not go-
to portray him. But, as you said just now, we must ing? I will not hear of your going; back to your
not allow Shakespearean controversy to beguile us chair, for you're helping me even more than I ex-
from our search for a first-rate mind expressing it- pected you would, and I expected a great deal of
self in English prose narrative.
help from you. You are helping me, putting the
Gosse. As that is our quest, it seems to me that words I want into my mouth, that the English novel
I cannot do better than to ask you to put a precise is silly, illiterate, sentimental, erudite, and pompous
meaning on the words "a first-rate mind." Kant's by turns; but serious, never! How true! And how
mind was first rate, but it was not the sort of mind could it be else, for in the seventeenth century we
that instigates works of art; and it has often oc were living in moated castles defended by retainers
curred to me that something more than mere mind who dined with their chief in banqueting halls, rais-
is necessary to produce the pictures shall we say?- ing or lowering the drawbridge as the occasion re-
of Manet and Degas. Yet a mind is visible in their quired; life was too unsettled to admit a literature
works.
whose subject must always be, perhaps to a large
MOORE. I wonder if we can differentiate between extent, a description of social life; and it would
the mind and the instincts of the mind? If we can, seem that social life was thrust somewhat too sud-
should prefer to say that instincts of the mind are denly upon England, drawing-rooms or salons hav-
discernible in the works of the great masters. Buting arrived from France, unintroduced by any suf-
I'm always apprehensive of metaphysical quicksands ficient prose literature. But without regard for this
and mists, and before putting down the helm I will lack of preparation the drawing-rooms insisted on
remark that the artist's instinct is the sail that car being entertained, and they took what they could
ries the boat along, and his reason the rudder that get-Tom Jones. I am beginning to see my essay:
keeps the boat's head to the wind; without a rudder there was no standard, and it was out of the en-
the sail loses the wind. The simile seems to hold thusiasm of our first drawing-rooms that the belief
good. An instinct will carry the artist some dis arose which soon developed into a tradition, that
tance, but if he have not reason he will drift like the Tom Jones shall be accepted as the classic example
rudderless boat, making no progress at all.
of English prose narrative.
Gosse. As good an explanation as we shall get Gosse. Born of the Georgian house.
of something that will always remain a mystery. If MOORE. Yes, born of the Georgian house of the
may continue
your thought for you I would say Georgian drawing-room.
that works in which reason plays too large a part Gosse. You couldn't find a better springboard.
do not satisfy us.
MOORE. I'm glad you think so, and I hope you
MOORE. Our instincts are deeper than our rea will allow me to continue talking a little longer.
son, and it is pleasant to remember that art rises You've no idea what a help you are.
out of our primal nature, and that the art that never Gosse. Proceed.
seems trivial is instinctive.
Moore. I read Tom Jones in the influence of the
Gosse. If I may do so without seeming egotisti- tradition that I have just mentioned, and
cal, I would remind you that I have touched on the Gosse. I hope you haven't neglected to look into
same point in my History of English Literature, the book again, for if you haven't I cannot help you.
saying that George Eliot seems trivial, especially in
Moore. Yes, I've looked into the book, and it
the books in which she was anxious to seem pro-
seemed more lifeless than it did twenty years before,
found.
when I read it for the first time. It is now an old
MOORE. Quite so. Manet was never anxious,
and withered tree, whitened branches and gaping
and did not waste time at keyholes like Degas, but
trunk. .
said—if not aloud, to himself-we are original or Gosse. Ready to fall, having aged almost out of
we aren't; but we do not become original by sending recognition in the last twenty years. An excellent
away the model who weighs eight stone, and calling impression of a decaying masterpiece; but something
in the butcher's wife who weighs twenty-nine and more than an impression is necessary in an essay.
asking her to strip and stand in front of a tin bath, MOORE. I can only write my own feelings, and
or by painting one cheek of the wife's backside green shall have to say that at the end of the first hundred
and the other blue, like Bernard.
pages the book fell across my knees and set me ask-
Gosse. You would regard George Eliot as a ing myself how our forefathers had managed to read
trivial writer, and Sterne as serious ?
a book without a glimpse of the world without us,
I


300
October 19
THE DIAL
or any account of 'the world within us. It is dif Sophia, proves himself to be as insensible to the
ficult, Gosse, to write vividly about an entirely empty magic of human life as he is to that of nature.
book, vague, like a fog, yet without mystery, and so Gosse. It is probable that Fielding succeeded
impersonal that we begin to doubt the existence of better with men than with women, and you will not
the author, and in 'self-defense have to urge our deny that Squire Western is a very real person and
selves out of the belief that the book proceeded from one very typical of the eighteenth century.
some curious machine, a lost invention of the eight Moore. Squire Western goes his own gait and
eenth century. But 'machiriery was in its infancy speaks his own lingo; we see and hear him; but if
in 1750; a living man must have written it or dic- I may say so without seeming to disparage Fielding
tated it! The theory that it was gabbled into a needlessly, Squire Western is too obvious to be con-
phonograph is untenable. Even so, the imperson- sidered highly; he is hardly more worthy of esthetic
ality of the book would surprise us, so empty are the criticism than the caricatures of Gilray and Row-
pages of all traces of preferences and aversions. landson. I would not mitigate a merit, but I would
Since I have begun I must tell all, Gosse. Fielding
have it understood that nature draws so well some-
seems to me to have been without sensibility of any times that even a very bad draftsman cannot miss
kind, mental or physical; and his book is therefore a likeness. There can be little doubt that Squire
the most personal and at the same time the most
Western is a rough sketch from life, and the inven-
impersonal ever written. Mr. Alworthy, the first
tion of the different episodes in the book is so poor
person we meet in the book, says nothing that brings
that I am inclined to believe that the one good one,
him even superficially before us, and we are told
the Squire's relinquishment of his pursuit of Sophia
nothing about him, though he is the owner of the
to follow a pack of foxhounds that crossed the road
Georgian house in which the first scenes are laid, in pursuit of a fox, was—like the Squire himself-
and the pivot on which the story turns. We drop taken from life.
the book to consider this strange reticence, and come
GOSSE. But you admire Rowlandson?
to believe that the author felt it would be difficult
MOORE. Yes, I admire Rowlandson till some-
for him to set before the reader a man so trans-
body speaks of Goya.
parently conventional that he could not be even sus-
Gosse. And you know Thackeray's opinion that
pected of having begotten a child, and shrank from
since Tom Jones nobody had dared to paint the
a task which, even if it were successful, might weary
portrait of a man in fiction, meaning, I take it, that
the reader, to fall back upon a simpler plan of ex-
Fielding was the first to tell us that a young man
position, saying to himself: "The obvious is always might be truly in love with Sophia Western and yet
the best, and I will call the gentleman Alworthy;
commit an act of impropriety with Molly Seegrum.
MOORE. A knowledge which he might have gath-
the name will allay suspicion even in the most prone
ered from observation of his bull terrier; and my
to suspicion." A daring interpretation, I admit it
to be, of Fielding's mind during the composition of
reproach is that Fielding has not attempted to dif-
the first part of his notable novel, which you may
ferentiate between dogkind and mankind, and that
he does not seem aware that it is necessary to do so,
accept or
even in his own mind.
Gosse. Forgive me for interrupting you, but I
Gosse. Have you nothing to say in praise of
would not have you fall into the mistake of finding
Fielding's style?
fault with an eighteenth century author for not
MOORE. He writes with gusto, a quality we sel-
writing naturalistically.
dom meet with in modern literature, perhaps be-
MOORE. I think my words were: "Without a
cause we are becoming more thoughtful; and he
glimpse of the world without us,” and to these I
keeps it up like an actor who knows he is playing in
might have added, without even such glimpses as
a bad play.
we get from Jean Jacques. In Tom Jones we are
Gosse. But you have not told me how you ex-
in a fieldless, treeless, flowerless planet; but even
Fielding's absence from natural description would plain away Thackeray's preference for Tom Jones.
MOORE. I find the examination of my own mind
not matter if the book were not passionless. Any
sudden movement of passion or feeling would pro-
so difficult that I cannot for the moment undertake
voke our sympathy, and we should see in our imag-
to examine Thackeray's. The best plan will be to
ination the sun lighting up the middle distance and
try to believe that he spoke casually.
the rain cloud above it. A description of Manon is
Gosse. Now I must reprove you for a lack of
not to be found in the text, but Manon is always
seriousness. For nearly two hundred years Fielding
before our eyes, for Abbé Prévost realized Manon has held undisputed sway as our prime novelist.
intensely. But Fielding, in his attempt to describe MOORE. We shall meet others in the course of


1918
301
THE DIAL
our literary inquisition whose reputations seem as less inspired than its fellow in an inspired work,
unmerited as Fielding's. I know I feel that the pleases me to hear, for we may be pleased by flattery
prospect is a little alarming, but we have lighted our without being duped by flattery; and, my curiosity
lanterns and are looking about for a serious writer. awakened by constant references to Sterne while this
Let us get on.
book was under review, I abstracted a little red
GOSSE. But how shall we recognize him should book from the library of a common friend, saying
we meet him?
to myself, “Many empty days lie before me, and
MOORE. Now, Gosse, you are inventing diffi- though I cannot read in a railway train I may be
culties that do not exist; and I must reprove you, able to read on board a ship.” And I read despite
for was it not you that put forward Laurence Sterne the drumming of the screw, raising my eyes from
and George Eliot as typical examples of the serious time to time from the exquisite page to the beauti-
and trivial in literature? and with these in mind fullest of seas, regretful that I was not reading on
we shall not miss a really serious writer if our lights board a felucca, lateen rigged. The French critic
should flash him into view. A little patience is all you quote who compared Sterne to one of the little
I ask, Gosse; other examples will be discovered later, bronze satyrs of antiquity, in whose hollow bodies
but we may not anticipate them, for I am eager to exquisite odors were stored, seems to me to have
remind you that in your History of English Litera wandered near to the truth, inasmuch as The Senti-
ture you speak of the "extreme" beauty of Sterne's mental Journey recalls antiquity, perhaps more than
style, and the adjective pleases me; I cannot tell you any other book of the modern world. Like a transla-
why, but it seems to me to discover the truth, or tion of some small Latin or Greek work, it read to
some of it, and I would merely add that no writer me-Daphnis and Chloe, or The Golden Ass, or
has come down so unchanged as Sterne.
which other, I ask, for I am without erudition, as
Gosse. And I welcome the addition. I'm glad many of the ancients were, but I have the eyes of
that we agree about Sterne.
the ancients, I think.
MOORE. But, my dear friend, we are always Gosse. I should like to hear why The Senti-
agreed, except when you speak of Sterne's unseemly mental Journey reminds you of classical literature.
life; a sad remark that is of yours, and if I may be just a feeling.
permitted to say so, lacking point; for we could not Moore. A feeling, certainly, but no vague one;
have Sterne's style without his unseemly life, we it is his sense of touch which never fails him, rather
accept the one for the sake of the other, just as we than his speech which often does, that carries my
accept the unseemliness of Christianity in practice thoughts back to the flowers and leaves and gar-
for the sake of the words of Jesus, overlooking the lands and pilasters and white butterflies of the city
Bishop of London, who
disinterred, only known to me through photographs
Gosse. I'm afraid you don't know the Bishop of and Mary Hunter's dining-room which came from
London.
Venice.
Moore. My writings have placed me, alas, under Italy never lost her paganism, and the disinter-
interdiction, and so have yours, Gosse. You men ment of Pompeii was, in a sense, unnecessary. Italy
tioned that you are not a member of his club, but never forgot her antiquity, nor could she forget it-
neglected to say that you would have been if you had her coasts washed on either side by the bluest of
not written a masterpiece. The truth, Gosse. seas. I longed for a felucca, lateen rigged. Its
Gosse. The Athenaeum Club is becoming weari half-dozen rough Italian sailors would not have
some, and I must insist that we return to Sterne seemed out of harmony with the legended sea, the
without delay. I'm glad that you approve of my birthplace of all our beautiful European gods, as
adjective, but why it should have taken your fancy were the passengers who, despite my admonitions,
so completely I cannot imagine—not at this moment. passed through the Straits of Messina, forgetful of
MOORE. You say that his selected elements at Proserpine gathering flowers on the plain of Enna.
tract the imitation of some more or less analogous I spoke to them of rugged Polyphemus peering over
spirit, meaning thereby that his selected elements some cliffs and discerning Galatea in the foam; I
attract an analogous spirit to imitation, a criticism besought them to remember Jupiter, who, disguised
that has a special interest for me, for before I read in the form of a bull, carried Europa away; and
a line of Tristam Shandy or The Sentimental then, turning as a last resource to a more human
Journey the newspapers began to say that the prose story, I spoke of Dido weeping on the shores of the
of Hail and Farewell recalled Sterne. That my
African coast.
best pages should recall the worst in The Senti GOSSE. Without enlisting any recruits?
mental Journey, if it be possible to discern a page MOORE. Nobody on board would listen.
.


302
October 19
THE DIAL
Gosse. Did you try to win the sympathies of the my surprise and delight in coming upon the famous
passengers with your theory that art is touch? phrase "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb."
Moore. Why not, Gosse ? All audiences are "A phrase," I said, "that many believe to be in the
good. I would sooner speak to Bishops than remain Gospels. It sounds like Jesus. It isn't, however,
silent for six days. Of course I tried to interest the nor is it Sterne's, but a French proverb heard by
passengers in the legends of the bluest and beauti- him from a half-witted shepherdess. The French
fullest of seas. I spoke of "bitter” Media, Swin- phrase is not given by Sterne; it is hard to discover
burne's best adjective, or one of his best.
it in our English version and the proverb seems to
Gosse. But you didn't hold forth to the pas- have become forgotten in France, but Sterne's ver-
sengers as you are holding forth to me, did you? sion started it on a new life in England ; 'God tem-
MOORE. It is strange, and much stranger than pers the wind' is better than 'God measures the
you would think for, to find oneself cut off from wind,' which may be the French proverb. But it
all communication with one's ideas; for on board was not this improvement that gave the proverb
the ship that took me there was nobody of my kin, immortality—I say mistranslation, for a shepherdess
nobody who knew me or my writings, or who had would not be likely to speak of a shorn lamb. In
read any book that we had read, or seen any pictures the French proverb it is the 'yoe' that is shorn."
that we had seen—a strange sense of estrangement I spell the word phonetically, Gosse, for I prefer
that can be likened to an island and savages, with the word as shepherds pronounce it. “Sterne changes
this difference, that the passengers and myself spoke 'yoe' into lamb, thereby bringing a little pathos into
the same language, but a language alienated from the proverb; and we being a sentimental people," I
ideas does not amount to much; and you will ap was saying to the passenger when he interrupted
preciate my alarm when I tell you that the nearest me, “Do you really mean to tell me that he said
thing to intellectual sympathy I could find on board 'God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb?' " "Yes,"
that ship was a man who explained his invention I answered. "Which shows," the passenger replied
for building piers out of concrete. It appears to derisively, "that he knows no more about lambs than
have been successful somewhere in India, and he he does about pheasants. A howler it was when
was on his way to lay down more boxes of concrete. he said that pheasants ate mangel-wurzels, but this
His account of his invention interested
me,
for
is a worse one. Who ever heard of shorn lambs?"
there was nothing else to listen to and The Senti My absent-minded companion imagined that I
mental Journey is, unfortunately, not a long book. was speaking of Lloyd George! It was Lloyd
Only one other spoke to me; I've forgotten what George, he thought, who said "God tempers the
his occupation in life was, but his ignorance was wind to the shorn lamb," and it seemed useless to
amusing betimes. "What is that book you're read- point out his mistake to him.
ing?” he asked, one day. I anwered, “The Senti-
[To be concluded]
mental Journey,” and began to tell him at once of
GEORGE MOORE.
Victory in the Cabarets
The jazz band struck up Dixie ... I could see
A boy from Texas slipping down a trench
While some gray phantom with a grinding wrench
Twisted an arm and pulled its bayonet free.
I saw a blur of mud and Aies where three
Friends from the South had joked about the stench.
And there, complaining of his lack of French,
A Richmond black felt for his missing knee.
The fife screamed Yankee Doodle
and the throng
Danced to a ragtime patriotic air.
The martial fervor grew as several strong
And well-shaped girls not altogether bare
Marched with toy guns and brought the flag along,
While sixteen chorus men sang Over There!
LOUIS UNTERMEYER.


1918
303
THE DIAL
Reconstruction at Work
When the Industrial Councils were recom of Commerce, appointed for the purpose of fostering
mended in March 1917 by the Interim Committee and facilitating the self-advancement of British
and accepted by Parliament, collective bargaining trade. The principal duty of the Ministry would
between employer and employed became, it now be the promotion and regulation of Trade Councils
appears, a corporate part of England's industrial in within the different industries in accordance with
stitution. At the time of the recommendation the the interest of Empire; that is to say, the interest
Councils seemed nothing more than a logical ex of England. He proposes that these Trade Councils
tension of the trade union movement, or a measure consist of elected representatives from employers'
of the strength of the movement in England. But trade associations and from trade unions; that one-
in these days of rapid change and illuminating dis third of the members be drawn from each source
closures, the Industrial Councils, eighteen months representing equally the state, capital, and the wage
after their recommendation, with many already in workers. He proposes that the government refer
the first stages of organization, bear a portentous to these Councils all matters relative to the par-
aspect in relation to the after-the-war development ticular industry they represent. He provides in his
of foreign trade.
plan for an industrial franchise to be granted every
From the reports received here, the unqualified citizen, so that each man and woman would have
endorsement of the Councils comes from the em a voice in the three branches of national administra-
ployers or from those who assume the responsibility tion: the Imperial Government, the Local Govern-
of industry. Industrial Reconstruction: A Sym ment, the Industrial Government. He would give
posium on the Situation After the War and How the unions of wage earners and the associations of
to Meet It, edited by Huntley Carter (Dutton; employers semiofficial status and admit industry, to
$2), reveals an amazing hospitality of employers, use his own words, to a place in the Constitution.
statesmen, and economists to the revolutionary ideas But why, Americans may ask, are British em-
back of the Councils; that is, to (a) the substitution ployers urging labor to perfect the unions and share
of a national organization of industry in place of the in the direction of industry? Why are employers
present practice of competition between individual proposing to surrender-apparently eager to sur-
business men within the Empire and to (b) the di render in part—their precious prerogative? With
vision of industrial management between elected a directness which characterizes the book Mr. Benn
representatives of organized employers and organ- gives this unequivocal answer:
ized workers. The Symposium was published orig-
There can no longer be doubt that every trade must
inally by The New Age before the recommendations present a united front to foreign competition. The strug-
of the Whitley Committee were presented to Parlia gle of the future in the foreign market will be between
German goods, American goods, Japanese goods and
ment. It may be interesting to Americans to note
British goods, and that competition will be sufficiently
that public opinion on industrial reorganization was severe without further competition between individual
formulated and in fairly concrete shape before any
British manufacturers. In fact, if the present system re-
mains unaltered, the British manufacturer does not stand
government recommendations were issued. While
a chance against the foreigner.
neither the Industrial Councils nor the principles
As a reason for calling in the State on the proposed
of reorganization as offered by employers in this
national reorganization of British trade, Mr. Benn
book represent the Guild Socialism of The New
holds:
Age, I think it is fair to acknowledge that the con-
The interest of the State in trade is that we should supply
cept of self-government in industry, as opposed to
such goods instead of the German, the American, or the
the bureaucratic or autocratic management which Japanese, and the question for the State to answer is:
the Industrial Councils seem to reflect, is largely How are these things to be done and who are the people
to do them? (Italics mine)
due to the more or less single-handed work carried
on for a decade by the Guild Socialists.
Again he says:
One of the employers, Mr. A. J. P. Benn, who has
While on the subject of export it may be interesting to
notice what is happening at the moment on the other
contributed with singular clarity to the Symposium, side of the Atlantic. The European war has given to
is the author of a remarkable little book_The American exporters great opportunities for expansion,
and as British manufacturers know to their cost, full
Trade of Tomorrow (Dutton; $1.50)—which
advantage has been taken of those opportunities . . . To
elaborates the Industrial Councils idea. The ma sum up this question of export, the position is that Ameri-
chinery that Mr. Benn recommends for the setting
can trusts have done extremely well, that German cartels
have done better, and that British cooperation, if it can
up of Trade Councils, as he calls them, is a Ministry
be brought about, will do best.


304
October 19
THE DIAL
.
On this proposition of British cooperation finan a scheme of organization cannot rest on whether or
ciers and British employers and British statesmen not they are promoted for imperial purposes. It
seem to be in substantial agreement. And British may happen that the present political strength of the
cooperation means the alignment of representatives British Labor party, with its opposition to foreign
from capitalists and labor organizations. As the trade war, will cause a modification in policy.
foreign trade situation calls for "a united front," The party declared in its program: "We disclaim
there is nothing for it except to cut across class and all idea of economic war. We believe that
unite on national lines. The only question in the nations are in no way damaged by each other's eco-
minds of those who carry the responsibility for main- nomic prosperity and commercial progress."
taining British trade is not whether British capital The intention of British capital, or the capital of
and labor shall combine for the trade war, but how other countries, to fight for supremacy in foreign
the unity shall be effected. The answer is the In- markets cannot however be met by a continued dis-
dustrial Councils as recommended by the Whitley organization of industry within the nations, so that
Commission, endorsed by the British Trade Con- a judgment on the formation of Industrial Councils
gress, by the Gartner Foundation, and other organi- must be made irrespective of motives. The defeat
zations or the Trade Councils as evolved by Mr. of empires of trade as well as their victory requires
Benn. The machinery, which Mr. Benn has de- national organization strong enough to support and
scribed in his book is being established in many in- promote a world economy.
dustries before the soldiers return from the field. Legitimate criticism of the Industrial Councils as
The principles of national reorganization of in- a scheme of national organization relates to whether
dustry, represented in this British plan, avoid state or not the councils are efficacious as agencies of pro-
administration of industry and the evils of Prussian duction, and whether they are or are not efficacious
bureaucracy by throwing the responsibility on the as an agency of industrial self-government. It is
representatives of those actually involved in the pro on these two points that criticism must focus and a
motion and fabrication of manufactured goods. judgment be given. Whether or not they are effici-
When Germany invaded modern industry it was un ent as agencies of production will depend in the long
hampered, as Mr. Veblen shows in his Imperial Ger- run upon whether they are successful in eliminating
many, by pioneer technology and pioneer organiza- the industrial sabotage which is an inherent feature
tion methods. It started after the Franco-Prussian of any system of autocratic management. The most
war with the experience of England to go on, with illusive and the most destructive sabotage is the ab-
unencumbered ground for organization. A Prus- sence of will to produce, the enervation which ac-
sian state guarded the territory, supervised its culti- companies disinterest in productive enterprise. Mr.
vation in the interest of the Empire by erecting, as Benn undertakes to meet this in part by the decen-
we know, a huge scheme of bureaucratic manage- tralization of organization within each industry.
ment and direction. England because of the world Will that decentralization however go far enough
war is now taking advantage of the experience of to make it possible for each worker consciously and
Germany. It is avoiding the cumbersome, unwieldy intelligently to articulate his work with the whole
machinery of a bureaucratic organization; and under scheme of production and actually to participate
the supervision of the state, with a national in place through his work in the policy of management?
of a private concept of industry, it plans a reorgani The adoption in England of this representative
zation of trade on a basis of representative govern- form of industry nationally organized, in place of
ment. While the internal organization is repre- the state socialism of Germany, was in recognition
sentative, the intention of organization is imperial. of the fact that British labor could only be intrigued
British statesmen, employers, and economists re- in plans for increased productivity and national
linquish their industrial imperialism at home to se- service through some fulfillment of the interest of
cure their imperial place abroad. The competition each individual worker concerned—either through
between English business men is to give place to some material interest or in an awakening of his
British competition in the trade of the world. This intellectual interest in the enterprise by his participa-
competition requires a solid British front; it requires tion in the management. The weakness of the
solidity in the ranks as well as the solidarity of the scheme is in its building on the principle of repre-
captains. It is a transfer of national militancy from sentative government and not on the participation
the battlefield in France to world commerce.
of the individuals in the actual management. Rep-
Although the Councils represent the determina- resentative government, unfortunately, is as near
tion of British capital to maintain leadership in as Anglo-Saxon imagination has envisaged self-
world affairs, the adoption of Industrial Councils as government; but the difficulty in accepting represen-


1918
305
THE DIAL
tation in industry through officials, in place of some It may be that the Industrial Councils would be
articulated functioning of the whole group of par successful in increasing output by means of the rep-
ticipants, is that under representation the will of the resentative scheme of government, as the tendency
participants is not secured. We can make this as of organization in industry has been to decrease
sertion with confidence. We have had our experi- warfare and suspend production on account of lock-
ence in political life and in our voluntary organiza- outs or strikes. I have no doubt that many who
tions. Neither the citizen, nor the member of a speak for the Councils have no more than this in
union, nor the member of any other association is mind. But men like Mr. Benn are after a momen-
stimulated merely by his membership and his voting tum which is born of a free will to work.
privilege into such continued activity as daily labor J. R. Clynes, Food Commissioner and member
requires. We bewail the indifference of the citizen of the Whitley Committee, sounds a warning to
and chide him for not taking his share of the burden, those who are expecting the Councils to bring
but the institution continues after a fashion and we industrial peace. His minority comment, signed by
are satisfied because it is not in form an autocracy. him and four others, is:
In the case of industry, however, the present point while recognizing that the more amicable relations estab-
of reorganization will be lost if there is not obtained lished by industrial councils or trade boards between
from the worker an unflagging interest.
capital and labour will afford an atmosphere generally
favourable to industrial peace and progress, we desire
Having said so much by way of warning against to express our view that a complete identity of interests
the expectation that any substitute, such as repre-
between capital and labour cannot be thus effected, and
that such machinery cannot be expected to furnish a set-
sentation through the appointment of officials, will tlement for the more serious conflicts of interest involved
suffice to arouse the intelligent interest or even the in the working of an economic system primarily governed
interest of wage earners in wealth production, I
and directed by the motives of private profit.
want to say with equal emphasis that no other scheme
There is some objection expressed by labor men
has been proposed which is fraught with the same
who have contributed to the Symposium to the lying-
possibilities for realizing the participation, the actual down together of the lion and the lamb; but the
participation, of the worker in thc adventure of principles embodied in the Whitley Report have
creating wealth. Whether these Councils are suc-
been twice endorsed by the Trade Unions Congress
cessful in eliciting the interest and the will of the and, from what information I get second-hand,
people to produce depends upon whether the leaders the organization of the Councils is proceeding with-
are at present more interested in their own participa- out serious opposition from labor, and evidently in
tion in the Councils as representatives than they are
many cases with labor's active cooperation.
in bringing about through shop organization an
It is clear that labor has no concrete scheme in
actual and continued participation of the workers opposition to the Councils. Up to the present-
in promotion and management. Supplementary re-
that is, up to the time of the war—the trade unions
ports of the Whitley Committee, which I have not
had been concerned, for the most part, with pro-
seen, indicate, I understand, that methods of works tecting wage workers against capitalist aggression.
or shop management have been considered.
Wage workers had not been concerned with the
Strange as it may seem to the average worker, actual work of promoting production. Perhaps the
who has only an infinitesimal knowledge of the in-
most forceful contribution made in Huntley Carter's
dustry of which he is a part, modern efficiency Symposium has come from Mr. John Hilton, of the
methods of production open up the possibilities of a
Gartner Foundation, in his advocacy of joint coun-
real articulation for intelligent human effort in the cils of employers and employees in the administra-
associated life of twentieth century industry. If tion of industry:
what is now called scientific management were de- This, or any other more desirable arrangement, is only
veloped in shop and carried forward, through the
possible on one condition: that organised Labour definitely
abandons its negative or defensive or obstructive attitude,
workers' own experimentation; and if with their
and takes the initiative. When Labour comes to regard
understanding of the situation and with their ap industry as its personal concern (instead of merely
proval it were made to true up all stages of fabrica-
labour), aims at producing in advance of anyone else its
own suggestions for industrial improvement, discovers for
tion, evaluation, and distribution, the workers' in-
itself possible time-saving methods and devices, and
terest in production would have opportunity to
threatens to strike if they are not introduced, takes it upon
develop. If participation, actual intellectual par-
itself to reprimand managers who are incompetent or too
easy-going, insists on wasteful competition between kin-
ticipation, of workers in the enterprise and adven dred firms ceasing, makes technical education a personal
ture is chimerical, so then is the expectation that in
matter, insists on doing good work, whatever anyone may
day-by-day labor a continuous will to produce can
say-then Labour will come into its own and a new indus-
trial order will be on its way.
be secured.
HELEN MAROT.


306
October 19
THE DIAL
A Pointless Pointillist
If one might conceive, in the heliotrope future, sterling platitudes and the most brazen quackeries
any Ph. Demon so inspired as to set about compiling (no doubt believed in) are here commingled. Add
a list of dull books by interesting authors, one could to this that Mr. Pound, like a jack-in-the-box, takes
hardly doubt that Ezra Pound's Pavannes and Di a naive delight in booing at the stately; that he has
visions (Knopf; $2.50) would be his first entry. the acquisitive instincts of the jackdaw (with a
An incredible performance! Somehow, one has had passion for bright and shining objects, particularly
all these years (for alas, Mr. Pound's indiscretions those spied from a very great distance); that he is
can no longer be called the indiscretions of youth) unhappy unless he can be rebelling at something or
the impression that this King-Maker among poets somebody (even at himself of the day before yes-
was quite the most mercurial of our performers. terday—and this is healthy); and finally that as a
One associated with his name the deftest of jugglery, poet he has genius, and has given us more than a
sleights of mind without number, lightning-like ter handful of beautiful lyrics and one begins to per-
giversatility, and a genius for finding the latest pro- ceive that Mr. Pound's middle name should have
cession and leading it attired in the most dazzling been not Loomis but Proteus. Those to whom Mr.
of colors. Of course, Mr. Pound has himself been Pound is a thorn in the flesh will say that it is
at some pains to encourage us in this view. As a amazing that the poet of Cathay should, in Pavannes
publicist he has few equals. But surely it has not and Divisions, reveal himself so hopelessly as of
been entirely a deception!
And neverthe third-rate mentality: those who are charitable will
less he comes now upon us with Pavannes and Di say that if a poet is to live he must also be a jour-
visions—"a collection,” says Mr. Knopf, "of the best nalist. There is no chance for an argument, since
prose written by Mr. Pound during the last six one cannot possibly tell how seriously Pavannes and
years"--and therewith threatens, if we are not care Divisions is intended. But if one cannot read Mr.
ful, to destroy our illusions about him forever. Pound's intentions, his accomplishment is obvious
For, regrettable as is the confession, the outstand- and disillusioning. If a poet must be a journalist,
ing feature of this book of prose is its dullness. One let him be a good one! And this Mr. Pound is not.
reads more and more slowly, encountering always For in point of style, or manner, or whatever, it
heavier obstacles, and short of a major effort of is difficult to imagine anything much worse than
the will (and a kind of amazed curiosity)-one the prose of Mr. Pound. It is ugliness and awk-
finally stops. Intrinsically therefore one may say at wardness incarnate. Did he always write so badly?
once that the book is without value. If one is to One recollects better moments in his history and
examine it carefully, one does so for quite another one even now finds him, as in the first paragraph of
reason; namely, because Mr. Pound is himself an his paper on Dolmetsch, making a music of prose.
interesting figure-observe his portrait in this vol For the secret of this decay one must turn, as in all
ume, so elaborately and theatrically posed—a curious such cases, to the nature of the man's mind, since
representative of homo sapiens, and without any style is not a mere application or varnish but the
doubt a poet who has (sometimes severely) in- unconscious expression of a nature. And here is
Auenced his fellow poets. Pavannes and Divisions
Pavannes and Divisions encountered one of Mr. Pound's chief character-
shall be to us therefore what the soliloquies of the istics, one that has from the very beginning been
patient are to the psychoanalyst.
steadily growing upon him and it might be added
If we pass over the unoriginal parts of this book- steadily strangling his creative instinct. This
the clever translation of Laforgue, and the well- characteristic is his passion for the decisive. His
selected dialogues of Fontanelle, amusing but nuga- strokes are all of an equal weight and finality. On
tory—and if we listen with concentrated attention the sensory plane this first manifested itself, no
to the Mr. Pound who chatters to us, alternately, doubt, as a desire for the single and brilliant image.
in the lumberingly metrical and crudely satirical In logic or dialectics it became a passion for the
doggerel of L'Homme Moyen Sensuel, or the dis- point, glittering and deadly. In the field of esthet-
jointed and aimless prose of the essays and fables, ics it has revealed itself as a need for espousing the
what emerges from this babble? A portrait, sharp- out-of-the-way and remote and exceptional, so as
featured as Mr. Pound's frontispiece, but how in to add a sort of impact and emphasis to personality
finitely more complex—a portrait which surely not by a solitariness of opinion: it is more striking to
even a Vorticist could compass. One is reminded, play a tune on the Chinese p'i-pa than on the banjo.
indeed, of Mr. Sludge, so inextricably the most On these several planes this instinctive appetite has


1918
39
THE DIAL
—
--
seen.
become more and more voracious, more and more has he become in the minutiae of esthetics, so fe-
exclusive, until finally it has reached a point where tichistic in his adoration of literary nugae, that he
it threatens to leave Mr. Pound little else. His has gradually come to think of style and filigree
poetry has become imageless through excess of if the terms were synonymous. This is the me
image—image too deliberately sought. His prose
His prose lamentable because his esthetics, as revealed in his
has become pointless and merely fatiguing because prose, are by no means subtle. One cảnnot rear'a
of his effort to point every sentence: it has become palace of filigree: nor can one compose a Hamlet or
a sort of chevaux de frise, impossible to walk a Tyl Eulenspiegel entirely of velleities and evanes-
through. These are failures which, one would cent nuances. Young authors, let us grant with
think, the artist in Mr. Pound would have fore- Mr. Pound, must learn to be artisans before they
In prose it is a failure made all the more can complete themselves as artists. But at the point
complete by the fact that the pointillist style was where purism stilles exuberance and richness (the
the last style for which he was intellectually fitted. intense confession of the sub-conscious) and at the
Without the patience for careful analysis, or the point where, as an esthetic measure, it prefers the
acumen and precision and breadth for scientific in- neatly-made to the well-felt or the profoundly-
vestigation, this method makes of him merely a thought, it becames obviously vicious.
subjectivist pedant, a tinkling sciolist, and—what is It is the critic's license to overrefine his point
more amazing for the man who wrote Cathay—an for the sake of emphasis, and this perhaps, in the
apostle of the jejune and sterile. For so intent has present case, we have clearly done. To restore the
Mr. Pound become on this making of points and balance somewhat we should add that, though by
cutting of images that he has gradually crystallized no means profound, Mr. Pound is provocative and
from them a cold and hard doctrine, a doctrine of suggestive in his essays on the troubadours and the
negative virtues, aimed primarily against esthetic
Elizabethan translators, and refreshing in his papers
excess but in the upshot totally inimical to that
on Dolmetsch and Remy de Gourmont. After all,
spontaneity and opulence without which art is still is he perhaps, in his prose, deliberately a journalist?
born. In short, Mr. Pound has become, as regards
And we remember with gratitude that he
is a poet.
style, a purist of the most deadly sort. So absorbed
CONRAD AIKEN.
Fashions of the Peacemakers
ALTHOUGH
OUGH war is an institution of civilization, normality is the most useful action he can under-
its mood is not natural to lives of civilized men. It take for the winning of the war. This is as true
creates a tension of feeling and action which seri- of the laborer as of the leisure classes of "conspicu-
ously perverts the normalities of existence, impart ous consumers” from which are recruited the bulk
ing to them all qualities of intoxication and shrill of the prominent patrioteers. But the leisure classes,
ness. These qualities are unknown among persons just because they have leisure, are of course most
actually engaged in the business of warfare, save conspicuous both in the accumulation of feeling and
at the very beginning. Soldiers, sailors, and admin- in the fussy "war work” which drains it off. It
istrators are too absorbed in doing things to accu shows itself in the fashions of their dress, in their
mulate that mass of fancy and feeling which are the talk, in the ritual and red tape of their committees.
register of wishes unsatisfied and action untaken. It shows itself mostly in the fact that the end aimed
Their emotional life consequently exhibits a nor at is often so insignificant in value beside the means
mality altogether lacking in that of civilians, for used. When this occurs the end is only an excuse
whom the interlude between impression and action for using the means, and the means is a relief from
is so very, very much longer than it is for the mili the strain of feeling. The knitting of socks and
tary, because they have
more
leisure sweaters by hand, where machines would do it so
accumulate feelings and to think thoughts. Much much more swiftly and excellently, is an obvious
of the ordinary civilian "war work," much of the case in point. Another, not so obvious, is the mak-
obstructive crowding to "get into the game” is the ing of books, particularly of peace books.
altogether automatic attempt to find relief from In the making of peace books, however, additional
this uncomfortable condition. Everybody is uneasy factors, almost imperceptible in the making of socks,
unless he is “doing something” different from the become quite apparent. These factors are the special
normal, even though the daily adventure of his interests or idiosyncrasies of the author and what
so much
to


308
October 19
THE DIAL
is usually known as mind or intelligence. Where MacFarlane slumps when he passes finally to the
these exist, they appear invariably together. In international aspects of the economic basis of an
telligence is general, impersonal, the register made enduring peace; but what he has to say about the
on the consciousness of the writer by the structure former is pertinent.
and articulation of the things he is writing about. To turn from his studies and those of Cosmos to
It is passive, realistic, and the cause of the general Through War to Peace, by Albert G. Keller (Mac-
agreements between men. Idiosyncrasy is idio- millan ; $1.25); The Way Out of War, by Robert
syncrasy, the quality and flavor of personality, and it T. Morris (Doubleday-Page; $1); The World
supplies the mental material which incarnates in- War and the Road to Peace, by T. B. McLeod
telligence, which turns intelligence into a working (Macmillan; 60 cts.), is to pass into a new dimen-
engine. The power which causes the engine to turn sion. Relevant and near data are conspicuously
out a peace book is the discommoding intoxication absent. There is rhetoric and there is passion. Idi-
and shrillness of the war-mood.
osyncrasy is in play. The German is very cordially
The interest in such books, considered as real hated, and the hatred and the war of which he is
confrontations of the controllable causes and prob- the cause are somehow to be rationalized and abol-
lems and cures of war, depends entirely upon the ished. Each writer must fit them into his own
degree in which they actually envisage these things idiosyncratic system. Mr. Morris' cosmic solvent
in their order and movement—upon the degree, in is biology.
is biology. Hence war is for him a biological phe-
a word, in which intelligence is freed from the dis nomenon, and the peculiar perversity it shows in
torting influence of emotion and idiosyncrasy and
human "warfare-by-arms” is due to the fact that
reveals the anatomy of the situation as it is in itself.
there is a disharmony between a brain originating in
But such a liberation of intelligence can usually not
a quadrupedal organism and the biped it is running.
be attained in war time. Peacemaking books are
After some centuries there will be an adjustment
usually written as katharses of the tensions of war.
and that sort of war will end. Mr. McLeod, again,
They usually aim to rationalize its emotions and to is a Christian of some kind or other. He thinks
put them in a cosmic setting which will endow them that the only way to stop war is to change human
with the aspect of that normality which they have nature. He declares that nothing can change hu-
upset. And the settings will vary with the ideational man nature except the gospel of Jesus Christ. If
idiosyncrasies of the writers. Their proposals will
you reply that the gospel has been a longish time
offer fashions, but not the true style of peace. Hence
at the business, he answers that Jesus nowhere prom-
monographs like The Basis of Durable Peace, by ised that it would be a short time: "unlike mechani-
Cosmos (Scribner; 30 cts.), or The Economic Basis cal, spiritual forces work slowly." Then too the
of an Enduring Peace, by C. W. MacFarlane church, to which Jesus committed his gospel, has
(Jacobs), tend to be the exception rather than the been perfidious and has mistaken its vocation, which
rule. Cosmos thinks in terms of history and of
is to make bad men good. With this Mr. Keller,
international law. International law, held in
who is a sociologist, could not agree at all. He says
England and in the United States from the eight- that war is its own panacea against itself, and that
eenth century on to be national law, is to be ad-
the changes of society are impersonal, mechanical,
ministered by a court of justice, which already has automatic struggles, and result in ever larger group-
its beginnings in the Hague tribunal. Its sanctions ings which must end finally in an international
must lie, not in such arrangements as are proposed "peace-group.” This war is a conflict between the
by the League to Enforce Peace, but in the public "international code"—that is, the rules of behavior
opinion of the civilized world. Mr. MacFarlane of decent nations—and the German code, which is a
finds his remedy for war in quite other data. He
denial of the same. "Societal” law requires that
regards business and industry, not politics and law.
this decaying code shall be utterly stamped out.
His book is mainly a description of the French and Germany must be thoroughly whipped if an inter-
Belgian need of a share of Germany's enormous
national "peace-group" is to come about. We must
surplusage of fuel, and a proposal for a redistribu not falter at the finish. The mechanism of the "vast
tion of the earth's surface by a return of Alsace- process" of "societal evolution" requires it.
Lorraine to France and an expropriation of the Each of these three writers has his own fashion
German coal lands west of the Rhine, with a com of securing peace. His appeal can be only to those
pensating free hand to Germany in Asia Minor. of his own idiosyncrasy.
of his own idiosyncrasy. For in fashion, motley's
The principle underlying this redistribution, neither the only wear of motley natures. Some wear
clearly conceived nor expressed, is that of the equal- monochrome.
ity of economic opportunity for all peoples. Mr.
H. M. KALLEN.


1918
309
THE DIAL
The Morality of Sacrifice
The First Year of France's agony in the war was his superhuman travail and patience. It is the day
brightened by a crowd of bellicosely romantic of the proletarian virtues, of the tradition of "le
young officers, as Mr. Edmund Gosse calls them, peuple,” of the mass struggles for freedom and for
who laid down their lives for their country in a creative instead of servile labor—that strain which
chivalrous and passionate gesture that will keep has continued side by side in France with this tradi-
their names alive. There is already a literature of tion of gallant sacrifice and of the sweetness of
the letters and journals which they wrote in the dying for one's country. Against the background
crash of battle and under the tension of anticipated of this new spirit Mr. Gosse's theme has a certain
death. Their spirit of "superhuman severity which archaic pathos. Our interest shifts from this old
comes from being wholly consecrated to duty" in- morality of sacrifice to the spirit of those moralists
spired their friends as being the last flare of a themselves—three writers who will always intrigue
tradition which went back to the aristocratic ideal us and whose minds can never lose their sanative
ism of the later courts under the old régime. This sting. We ask ourselves : Are they really responsi-
theme Mr. Gosse has taken up in his Three French ble for the shaping of the later tradition of patriotic
Moralists (Scribner; $2), in which he has ad- chivalry?
miringly traced this uncritical and yet self-conscious It is not so easy to engender Mr. Gosse's young
military mysticism to the maxims and personal
heroes of 1914 directly from their writings. Some-
models with which the genius of La Rochefoucauld,
thing has mixed the strain. Now the first reading
La Bruyere, and Vauvenargues have molded this
of La Rochefoucauld is to most of us as much of
fragment of the spirit of France. With his love for
a shocking experience as the first icy bath. He leaves
honor and the things of the soul, says Mr. Gosse, the mind extremely suspicious whether there is any
La Rochefoucauld rescued the spirit of France from
idea or cause worth dying for in a world where all
the degradation and senseless brawls of the Fronde.
the virtues and vices trail back to amour propre.
With his feeling for democracy and for the grace Would he not have said that this “magnificent com-
lessness of riches in a world of the impoverished and
bination of logic and violence,” which Mr. Gosse
ignorant, La Bruyere prepared the way for the later
describes as culminating in the resolute sacrifice of
humane trends of the "enlightenment." And with
war, was the extremest form of self-love? Would
his passion for "la Gloire" and his tolerance of hu he not have said that “duty" was the form in which
man frailty, Vauvenargues brought morality down the individualist intelligent soul accepts the inevita-
to earth, and at the same time set a pure and sensi ble that is to annihilate him?
tive personal ideal that proved irresistible to the Can you not imagine him putting it something
finer youth of his time. These writers, with their like this?
austere wisdom, their chiseled reflections, started a The free spirit is never so free that it is not subtly in
moral tradition that has ever since profoundly af the power of its own society among which it lives. In
fected whatever of French youth identified itself
crises such as war, where the nation is called upon by
its leaders to act in unison and face privation and death
either by heritage or sentimentally with the aristo in defense of what they call its sacred honor, the indi-
cratic classes. And it is "the last emphemeral beauty
vidual is suddenly confronted with the irresistible power
of that society. Suffering and death at the hands of the
of this feeling"-the “reflection of the glow which enemy, or suffering and death at the hands of one's coun-
blazed in the hearts of young intellectual officers at
try's institutions—these are the stern alternatives pre-
sented to the free spirit. To the individual this sudden
the very beginning of the war”-that Mr. Gosse
menace from what has been hitherto a benevolent pro-
has tried to catch and commemorate in his present
tecting herd must be intolerable if he once recognizes it.
How can my spirit accept coercion in any such form? It
essays.
is the most wanton affront imaginable to my integrity,
He regrets that it is now gone: “there is now no to my amour propre, to my sense of personal independ-
feather worn in the cap, no white gloves grasp the
ence. Yet unconsciously I know that it is insane to resist.
I am so much entangled in the emotions of my society
sword.” If the fervor and emotion are still there, that the idea never comes fully to my consciousness that
they are “at the bottom of the heart.” For we
I might even resist. So in order to render palatable to
my deepest amour propre this immitigable coercion, I
know that the old gallantry has been sweated and make it my own. I go to meet it, I embrace it, I call it
blown out of France as it has been blown out of the
“duty," and I maintain that it was my desire all along.
The world has only demanded of me what I was pas-
other countries in the massacre of war. It is the
sionately eager to give. My “thy will be done” thus
common man of Le Feu who now sets the tone with becomes the intensest form of personal pride. It is I, 1,


310
October 19
THE DIAL
who am laying down my life—not fate or God or mis young men like the poet who "bid his comrades
fortune or my ruler who is snatching it from me. Under
describe him to his father and mother as 'tombé au
the guise of “duty" the bitter inevitable becomes my own
imagined intensest will!
champ d'honneur et mort joyeusement pour son
In other words, doesn't the technique of this pays.' It is true that Vauvenargues died uncom-
classic French moral psychology disintegrate the mo-
plainingly at thirty-two from disease contracted
tives of that gallantry which it had its share in years before, during the horrors of a winter retreat
creating? Mr. Gosse is no psychologist. He se in one of those idiotic campaigns of Louis XV's
renely ignores the question whether La Rochefoucauld government. But the State to him was something
would not have remorselessly stripped the glamour incalculable like the weather. He reserved his pas-
from what Nietzsche would call the “detour to sui- sion for the personal life of conduct, tastes, and
cide” commemorated in this book. But the result sentiments. It was upon the individual that his
is that the book falls into two parts: one, his beauti- mind played, and the individual whom he dissected
ful tributes to the young idealists who died so joy- and encouraged with such delicacy and highminded-
fully; and the other, his charming monographs on ness. “Glory" to him was more than victory, more
the three moralists. Vauvenargues he makes espe than sacrifice. It was the cultivation of a high per-
cially his hero in the argument linking this modern sonal excellence that should meet a calm and con-
gallantry to the old moralists. And it is true that vinced approval reflected in the society among which
this most unfortunate yet sweetest of lives—racked
one lived.
by every evil of disease, loneliness, and poverty, yet If these moralists, in their terrible love of truth,
shining with the most winning clarity of mind and
their passion for sincerity, represent the truest aris-
of gracious spirit—is an unforgetable model for tocracy of mind, then in this military mysticism of
youth. He is the writer who said, as Mr. Gosse 1914 there is something softer than they, less tri-
loves to remind us: “The earliest days of spring umphant, less pure. Mr. Gosse himself suggests for
have less charm than the budding virtue of a young this last gallantry of France a less remote source.
man.” But actually in his maxims Vauvenargues He speaks of the relief that the war brought to her
is far closer to La Rochefoucauld than to the mys- youth in a "new comprehension of the unity of life."
ticism of the modern French youth. Take reflec- “War had become,” he says, “what dogmatic re-
tions like these:
ligion is to a weak soul tossed about by waves of
Men are persuaded only by fear and hope.
doubt.” In that younger generation "life had been
The short duration of life is able neither to dissuade producing upon their consciences a sense of compli-
us from its pleasures nor console us for its pains.
The art of pleasing is the art of deceiving.
cations, a tangle of too many problems. Now they
We have neither the force nor the opportunities to might, and did, cheerfully relinquish the effort to
accomplish all the good and all the evil we project.
solve them.”
The suavity of these sentences does not save them Was their tangle perhaps due to their evasion of
from a certain cutting edge that reminds us only of just those resolute democratic currents of their time
the impish and cynical duke of the court of Louis
that now are triumphing? So that the nationalism
XIII. In his Counsels to a Young Man Vauvenar-
and religion on which they had to fall back could
teach them only to die and not to live? Mr. Gosse
We rarely judge things by what they are in themselves;
is even less of a sociologist than he is a psychologist.
we blush not for vice but for dishonor.
His purpose is not to make us wonder how a moral
And in that light irony which is perhaps the highest tradition that began with the sternest facing of life,
wisdom he tells his friend that
and with working out into polished wisdom the ex-
it is the essence of the mind to deceive itself; the heart perience of courageous minds, could end in a spirit
has also its errors. Before we are ashamed at being
weak, we should be less unreasonable if we blushed for
that courted death in war because its vision was
being men.
too weak to untangle the world that confronted it.
The psychology of Vauvenargues is altogether He wants only to make us feel the esthetic charm
witty and revealing, but is it not too penetrating to
of that sacrifice. And he is right and beautifully
produce at first hand an unreserved frenzy of patri- persuasive. He has paid his tribute of love to the
otic mysticism? These great moralists of the past gallant soldiers, and he has given us essays on the
were the most ruthless of realists. Their lucid in- great moralists which are the flower of a familiar
telligence makes not altogether congenial the rhe- and informing criticism.
torical flourishes and uncomplicated sentiments of
RANDOLPH BOURNE.
gues adds:


THE DIAL
CLARENCE BRITTEN
GEORGE DONLIN
HAROLD STEARNS
SCOFIELD THAYER
In Charge of the Reconstruction Program:
JOHN DEWEY
THORSTEIN VEBLEN
HELEN MAROT
DOES AMERICAN PUBLIC OPINION SUPPORT THE brought us, and they will drag with them large sec-
idea of a League of Nations? To many the ques tions of the thoughtless labor which sees in these in-
tion itself may seem impertinent skepticism in view creased advantages increased wages for itself. Un-
of President Wilson's clear and persuasive exposi- like the European reaction, whatever liberalizing
tion, in his recent Liberty Loan speech, of our com effect our returned soldiers may have on political
mitment to the creation of a League of Nations as issues will come too late to modify radically the
our central and dominating purpose in this war. nature of that momentous treaty of peace which
But we raise the question only to help in making will be signed long before the last soldier is demo-
sure that the answer will be in the affirmative. Just bilized. Furthermore, although the logic and fact
because the President has made the creation of such of international economic interdependence may
a League of supreme importance—and rightly so strike the intellectual as the merest of ratiocinative
it is the part of wisdom to recognize the forces which a b c, the emotions which cluster around our tra-
are subtly and openly attempting to make the idea ditional isolation still exist in some measure. Most
mere empty rhetoric. It is folly for liberals blandly of our statesmen and official public leaders will re-
to assume that a League of Nations will come into linquish the notion of complete national sovereignty
existence by a sort of spontaneous political genera- only with their dying breath; as long as they can
tion; in fact, the fight for it has just begun. And they will play on these emotions—they know no
with the close of formal hostilities the struggle others. All this is the black side of the American
will become genuine. Perhaps the subtlest form of picture. Against it we can put only-President
attack is the current form—damning with faint Wilson. But if he has to play a lone hand, if he
praise. Today everybody believes in a League of has to try to incorporate his program with his
Nations precisely because nobody takes it seriously. own country apathetic where not hostile, how great
But tomorrow or the day after we shall have to take are his chances of success, even with the peoples of
it seriously, because President Wilson will compel other countries behind him? It seems to us his
Will everybody believe in it then—when it chances are slim-chances on which no American
is a reality rather than a pleasant gesture towards liberal can afford to rely. It is a pity that liberal
Utopia? We have no assurance. Public opinion opinion in this country has too often been identified
today probably supports it almost in proportion to with anti-war opinion, and thus to a great extent
its failure to understand what a League of Nations discredited—sometimes with the seeming approval
implies. It has all the war-time prestige of the of departmental Tories. Recrimination now how-
President himself behind it.
But when peace
ever is petty. The issue is immediate and urgent.
comes, those who during the war have so ill Shall President Wilson have whole-hearted support
restrained their contempt for the President will from American opinion when he attempts to put
vent all their suppressed spite on his programme for through his liberal program for a League of Na-
rehabilitation of the world's shattered political and tions? The answer rests with the liberals, who
economic structures.
Worst of all, the acceptance today seem to be hypnotized into thinking that every-
by Germany of the idea will be used against it, for thing is coming out all right anyway. But every-
whatever issues from that unhappy country for thing is not coming out all right unless we fight for
some time to come will be tainted with suspicion. it. Already the attack against a League of Na-
There will be ingenious fanatics ready to prove tions has formally begun in the United States Senate
that, whatever happens, the world remains full of and in such typically militaristic newspapers as The
horrible dangers to the soil and happiness of these New York Tribune. Even among certain intel-
United States, and that we must under any circum- lectuals of the John Bassett Moore type the ancient
stances remain armed to the teeth.
wisdom plucks up courage to inform us that man
actionaries will control a large section of the public does not change, except possibly for the worse, and
press and they will exploit this advantage to the that therefore to hope to abolish conflict by any
utmost. Great financial and industrial interests such shaky machinery as a League of Nations is
will instinctively rally to the defense of all the eco- merely an amiable illusion characteristic of all wars.
nomic and trade advantages which the war has It is high time for the counter attack to begin.
us to.
The re-


312
THE DIAL
October 19
UNFORTUNATELY MOST PEOPLE IN THE UNITED It is obsessed by the thought that it must hold to
States still believe it is possible for us to maintain an what it has, and all energy is diverted to that end.
industrial machinery which is competent for our Now if in the situation itself, if both in the business
purposes without bothering about that intensive cul and labor world, the chances seem slim for the evo-
tivation of industrial enterprise which was necessary lution of effective leadership, where are we to turn?
in Germany and is now imperative in England. We The leaders of any Federal reconstruction com-
still believe that we stand a chance of competing mission will after all be able to go only as far as
successfully for foreign markets and of retaining unofficial organized public opinion and public action
our war trade prizes without the reorganization that demand. That opinion is beginning to express itself.
other nations are attempting. We are still domi- A business man's convention on the subject of re-
nated by the laissez-faire tradition. Consequently construction is all to the good. It is to be hoped
the real difficulty in reorganization and in selecting that there will be a great national labor convention
leadership for fundamental social change is inherent devoted to the same subject-not a convention end-
in the situation. Business men, for instance, want a ing in futile resolutions, but a convention, through
business man to head any government after-the-war committees, of continuous performance. The In-
planning commission which may be created. Their stitutes of Architecture, various Chambers of Com-
qualification, to them of course self-evident, is their merce have established the American City Bureau,
experience in promoting business. In the world which plans to tender the services of its committee
before the war, promoting business and producing to the government and to work on reconstruction
wealth were one and the same thing, and so were
measures. The ban against talking anything but
promoting business and producing profits. Today
war is lifting. Even the newspapers are beginning
we are told, as Mr. Frederick tells us on another
to report reconstruction activity.
page, that the business man is changing and his
vision extending. It is hinted that he wants to THAT MORALE IS IN ANY WAY WEAKENED BY TALK
produce for the good of society-which must mean
that he wants to produce for those who most need of reconstruction after the war is today an exploded
goods, and to sell at the lowest possible cost con- myth. The pretty political race between the Over-
sistent with social economy. If this is the sort of
man and Weeks resolutions for a committee on
business man the war has evolved, he should by all reconstruction problems is only the public and for-
means be given the leadership in industrial organiza- mal recognition of what has long been recognized
tion. Certainly if President Wilson has the ap- privately. Perhaps the thinnest argument against
pointment of a Reconstruction Commission and talk about after-the-war problems was the argument
names a business man as leader, the appointee will that such discussion tended to divert soldiers' minds
have to be one of the new variety. If the President from the severe immediate tasks of fighting. As
wins out in his stated policy, this appointee of neces- a matter of fact almost the first thing the common
sity would be a man who sees the trade of tomorrow soldier thinks about is what is going to happen to
in terms of world instead of business economy, na him after the war. A recent letter to The New
tional or private. Although we fully recognize the York World, headed When the Soldiers Come Back
sincerity of those who believe in this new type of to Work, illustrates our meaning:
business man, shall we be thought ungenerous if To the Editor of The World:
we still maintain a certain skepticism concerning the In the issue of The World of Sept. 22 appears a note
completeness of the regeneration? But, you say,
under the heading After the War, in which the writer
will not labor supply us with the necessary leader-
says: "Following the usual conditions that obtain after
a war, they will have to become tramps and beggars."
ship? We recognize certain qualifications of the He refers to our army and navy boys. After the war
labor man which are not keenly appreciated by the our boys will not have to become tramps or beggars, as
business man. The labor man is more conscious
labor of all kinds will be in demand.
G. A. R.
than others of where industry, under the direction
New York, Sept. 25.
of business, has failed. The situation as a working Does this mean that the boys who come back are to
and living proposition, for the mass of people who have good positions or be bossed by the slackers who have
came under the direction of business, was about as stayed home from war and taken the good positions? Or
iniquitous as any scheme of management that could are they to have their old jobs back or better ones?
be devised. And a consciousness of that fact is the
A Man in the U. S. Regulars.
first requisite for leadership in any social reorganiza- It ought to be obvious that no single fact can be
tion that will fulfill the high standards of the com- more comforting to the man in the ranks than the
mon life which the President insists shall animate known fact that plans are being made for his return
the rebuilding of our institutions. But we are pain- home. The knowledge that he is coming back to
fully conscious that labor in America, organized and a job, that the government does not intend to cast
unorganized, has shown no disposition to direct the him adrift on the uncertain industrial world im-
industrial renaissance which is to follow the war. mediately following the war, stimulates and en-


1918
313
THE DIAL
courages the soldier even more than a laudatory of "stories" are produced every day. Probably the
paragraph in his home town newspaper. Further War Department does not regard these products as
more it makes him feel that he is a part of a social literature: its standard of literature is set high.
organization which regards his permanent welfare Literature consists of novels and plays and poetry-
as as important as his fitness for service. Recon- written, of course, with no reference to the ephem-
struction plans of a genuine and far-reaching kind eral and uninteresting present but solely and se-
are the best possible aids to the soldiers' morale. verely in the light of the eternal verities. With so
They are better men for these plans—and better meticulous an order of excellence demanded, The
fighters. They have the dignity which comes to Globe's suggestion remains sound. It advises our
every man who is made to feel that he is of lasting soldier writers to disport themselves with such pleas-
social value. From the temper of the letter which ing effusions as An Ode to a Wild Thyme and An
we quote it can be seen that reconstruction plans Epic on Epictetus.
for the returned soldier must be a reality and not THE COMING OF PEACE WILL BRING TO OUR SYSTEM
a sham. He will not tolerate mere grudging pat-
ronage.
of wealth production further changes than those
which the war has already induced. But for the
THE RECENT ORDER OF THE WAR DEPARTMENT present at least it is unlikely that these changes will
permitting soldiers to write for publication, because be as drastic as those that are taking place in Eng-
with the new draft "practically all the literary talent land. They will be in the nature of revisions.
of the country has been called into the service," has Americans generally are not yet fully aware that
already evoked amused comments from some of our
fundamental reorganizations of our economic life
newspapers. Of course what impresses the editors
are imperative: consequently we have no guarantee
of the daily press is that section of the order read-
that the direction which these inevitable revisions
ing: "Soldiers will not be permitted, however, to act
will take may not be reactionary instead of pro-
as regular newspaper correspondents, nor to criticize gressive. During the coming year The Dial hopes
conditions. Their output must contain nothing re-
to indicate what direction is actually being taken-
lating to the military profession, the war, or to
and also, of course, what direction we consider de-
current events.” “Under the absurd 'freedom' of-
sirable. Already we can see the outlines of what
fered by the new edict," remarks The New York
the desirable direction must be. We hope to record
Globe petulantly, “such works as Under Fire and
an increasing interest in wealth production as a
In Flanders Fields, or the memorable lines, I Have
national matter, in contradistinction to wealth pro-
a Rendezvous With Death, would be impossible.
duction as a mere private adventure in gain, also an
The Globe is correct. If an American soldier were
interest in wealth production as an international in
to write a book like Under Fire, it would not only contradistinction to a national concern. We further
be impossible to get the volume published it would hope that labor organizations will work together
be dangerous even to try. But what strikes us par-
with production efficiency managers toward a demo-
ticularly in the new order is the assumption that cratic control of industry, and forestall state adminis-
most of the literary talent of the country has been
tration. In any case our interest in reconstruction
called into service. Has the War Department for- will center not only in immediate problems, such as
gotten that almost fifty per cent of the literary talent demobilization, but in the more permanent problems
in this country is revealed by our women writers?
of organization: in labor status, trade union func-
And why were the claims of the writers between tion, industrial leadership, determination of cost of
the ages of 21 and 31 of less urgency than those production, price, wage rates, the relation of in-
between the ages of 31 and 45, and 18 and 21? Is dustry to the state and the function of the state it-
maturity of style and thought the test of literary self, the standardization of products, and the “ra-
talent?' We must confess that there are times when tioning” of essential trades. We shall be partic-
we wish the War Department's assumption were
ularly interested in the economic aspect of a League
founded on clear fact, and that it was literally true
of Nations, in the working out of machinery which
that practically all of the literary talent of the coun-
contemplates the establishment of international
try had been called into service, meaning by “service” banking and credit, in the distribution of goods on
military service in the strictest sense. For the truth
the basis of world economy, in an international
is that literary talent never seemed to exist in such merchant marine and waterways commission, and in
melancholy profusion as it does today. Never were
the abolition of import duties. We shall also give
pamphlets so abundant. Our Vigilantes and our
attention to the reorganization of the schools, from
Defense Leagues and our Security Leagues seem to
the kindergarten to the universities, and to the ex-
have no difficulty in finding all the literary talent perimental work which the school and psychological
they need. Hitherto quiet Cabinet members have laboratories are now undertaking. As economic
become authors and writers of special articles. Every problems underlie and give point to political prob-
department in Washington resounds with the click lems, we shall give the former somewhat fuller con-
of the typewriters of the publicity men. Thousands sideration.


314
October 19
THE DIAL
Foreign Comment
inconsiderateness, or tyranny of the worst of them. Where
the shoe pinches there will be the pain. And what the
THE PRECIPICE
wage-earning class is more than ever. aware of is that it
is, fundamentally, the monstrous inequality in the distri-
bution of wealth, and the social autocracy which it per:
Who today remembers Lord Grey's warning to mits, that is the cause of the wage earner's penury. This
Prince Lichnowsky, late in July 1914, that a gen-
conviction is reinforced by a sense of injustice and unfair
eral European war might well produce "another
treatment which is far more widespread and far more
acute than optimistic observers drawn from the govern-
1848"? Perhaps the German autocrats today re ing class ever realise. The wage-earners, rightly or
member it as their armies retreat and their people wrongly, feel that they have been done.”' The long-
mutter their criticism of the war as "the great
drawn-out struggle between the Government Depart-
swindle.” But certainly few thought in those days
ments, the employers and the Trade Unions, over the
suspension of Trade Union conditions, the "dilution" of
and even fewer in America today think that the dire
skilled labour, the replacement of men by women, the
prophecy can possibly have any application to Eng successive war bonuses and advances has—whether justi-
land. England of all countries, we feel, has too fiably so or not-produced the impression that the wage-
much political good sense ever to resort to the ex-
earners have been cheated, and that they are destined to
be further cheated..
pensive expedient of revolution in order to bring
about imperative social changes. The political Of course everyone recognizes that the social
framework is elastic enough to permit of infinite order cannot be radically changed during the war
adaptation: it is the admiration of more volatile itself, even though the governing classes are ad-
peoples. Even under the pressure of war our con-
mittedly at the mercy of the organized wage-earners.
ventional conceptions have not fundamentally Unity will somehow or other be maintained as long
changed, and the stories of English workers being as hostilities continue. But what of those days just
on the whole better clothed and fed and housed than around the corner ?
ever in England's peace-time history have been ac It is when peace comes that we shall get to the verge
cepted as a surprising but indubitable paradox of the of the precipice. The social pyramid, already topheavy,
great war. But in a remarkable editorial in the will find dumped upon it the immense load of war-debt,
September 14 issue of The London New Statesman
and the very considerable charge involved in Social Re-
construction. Apparently no one outside the Labour
that moderate journal asks some very disturbing Party dares to face what will have to be done. Labour
questions. The editorial is called, ominously enough, and the New Social Order-the very explicit programme
The Precipice. For 1918 "another 1848” would of the Labour Party--which describes how the task can
be accomplished constitutionally, without "Bolshevism," in
mean, the journal says, (as has been seen in Russia)
fact, according to all the wisdom of the most orthodox
not thrones alone that would be upset-perhaps not economists, is so far unanswered, and without rival. Will
thrones at all—but that mysterious framework of the either Mr. Lloyd George or Mr. Asquith tell us, in emula-
social order which contrives, in this country as in others,
tion of the Labour Party, how they propose to discharge
that nine-tenths of the accumulated wealth should be the war-debt, rebuild the social machinery, and maintain
"owned” by one-tenth of the population, with the result the Standard of Life—how they intend to secure the neces-
that two-thirds of the population find themselves re sary increase in the production, not of profits, but of
stricted, for their means of livelihood, to something like commodities and services, and at the same time provide
one-third of the common product annually. The rent and anything like a genuine equality of opportunity, alike in
interest abstracted from each year's product, irrespective home, health, education and the conditions for the train-
of any contemporary service rendered by their recipients, ing and exercise of faculty-without putting an end to
account, perhaps, for something like another third, whilst that permanently unequal distribution of personal wealth
the profits and salaries of the relatively small class which which is involved in unrestricted inheritance, and to the
actually manages our concerns for us, or renders profes- colossal annual waste involved in the idle lives and
sional services of one or other kind, probably amount to
sterilised brains that inevitably accompany the existence
as much more.
of a rentier class.
The net effect of the war, The New Statesman
goes on, has been on the whole to aggravate the in-
BOYCOTTING GERMANY
equality in the distribution of wealth as between the
four-fifths of the population, on the one hand, who
At a time when the proposal for boycotting Ger-
are spoken of as the masses, and the one-fifth of the many commercially after the war seems to be win-
population, on the other, who constitute the middle ning considerable popular support in this country,
and upper classes. And it is the general principle of we can profit by examining the views of those who
inequality which is exciting the present labor unrest in the countries of our Allies have suffered incalcu-
in England.
lably more from German military aggression than
we so far have. Liberal opinion in England is al-
If we could take the manual working, wage-earning class
as a whole, we might perhaps compute that there was, in most unanimously against the proposal. The Con-
the aggregate, now no diminution of their total real in- gress of Trade Unions, representing the reasoned
come, measured in commodities, as compared with that labor opinion of that country, voted against it. M.
of five years ago. The data for any exact estimate do Albert Thomas, in many ways the most conservative
not exist. But it is not aggregates or averages that mat- of the French Socialists, has—in his recent discus-
fairness and humanity of some, or even of a great ma- sion of the League of Nations in the columns of The
jority, of the employers fail to atone for the harshness, London Daily Chronicle-cogently put the philo-


1918
315
THE. DIAL
sophical reasons for not excluding Germany from aiming at industrial and economic liberty, the en-
the League, even if the Hohenzollerns should not be larging of the opportunities of the workers, the crea-
deposed. The clearest and most forceful argument tion of a partnership with capital, and especially the
against the exclusion of Germany however is the development of a big program of internal im-
argument presented by The Manchester Guardian. provements, including a nation-wide transportation
The emotional appeal of the proposal is simple. system, the reclamation of waste lands, the develop-
Shall the guilty go unpunished? But as The Guard- ment of hydro-electric power for the railroads, indus-
ian points out, it will be precisely the guilty and no trial, and social needs, the opening up of monopolized
other who will profit by the boycott:
lands and forests, and the development of a new kind
Germany under a boycott will resume military prepara-
of agriculture that will make the back-to-the-land
tions the moment peace is concluded. The people will movement as alluring to the soldier and the worker
not accept the offer of immunity from the boycott on con as it is desirable ?
dition of revolution. The very challenge will make them
America came to the end of an era just before
give up all talk of internal revolution. The dynasty will
be safe, and all the people will feel that they must fight the outbreak of the war, an era that began with the
again for the bare necessities of a modern industrial and early colonists and ended with the enclosure of all
commercial existence. The paradoxical result of the de- of the lands and resources of the nation. We were
sire to punish the guilty will be to preserve the most ripe for a new political and social movement that
guilty, the heads of the nation, from punishment. The
Congress felt justly that the economic question is part of
would make permanent the best traditions of the
the general problem of peace. If we fail to make the country and would reopen the owned but only
peace we want, then we shall relapse into a state of com touched resources of the country to the present gen-
petition in which every effort will be made in both camps eration—a generation condemned by necessity to the
to strengthen their own and weaken the opposite party: position of wage-earner, tenant, or agricultural
To such a state of things the boycott is appropriate. If,
on the other hand, we get the peace we desire, as we mean
worker by the ending of that freedom of access to
to do, then it must be a peace with all the conditions of the land which has been the characteristic feature
permanence--that is, a peace which contains no conditions of America since the first settler landed in New
against which one side is bound by the very necessities of England three centuries ago down to the enclosure
its existence to revolt.
of the public domain.
Happily, President Wilson in his speech of Sep The problem is thus an economic one. It is also
tember 27 put America squarely behind the policy of educational. And it can only be carried through
not boycotting Germany except specifically “as the by the nation. It is an obligation not only to the
power of economic penalty by exclusion from the soldier but to the future that the reconstruction
markets of the world may be vested in the League of which follows shall be directed by a definite ideal of
Nations itself as a means of discipline and control." what democracy should mean to a free people.
Communications
New York City.
FREDERIC C. HOWE.
FAMILY-ALBUM AMERICANISM
The Nation's PROBLEM
SIR: Mr. Devere Allen does not realize how
SIR: I am hopeful that the early recognition by much I like the tone, if not the substance, of his
The Dial and other intellectual forces of the coun-
article in THE DIAL of October 5. If he had writ-
try of the necessity for hard thinking on the problem
and social possibilities of reconstruction after the changes. In some of these matters the tone is essen-
ten my letter, I might have written his, with a few
war will lead to the visualizing of this opportunity tial, and goes farther into legislation than he realizes.
in a big way. One of the most hopeful things in
Great Britain is the official reports which have al- school, with a family album. As such I welcome
Mr. Allen is apparently an American, of the old
ready been issued and the general attitude on the
him to the ranks of the American radicals. We
subject on the part of the Ministry, Parliament, and
organized agencies. There seems to be a realization ing majority of hyphenates. I hope he brings all
need more such, to overcome the present overwhelm-
that the soldier, the worker, and the civilian will the live people that are in the album with him, and
never go back to the old order and that only through puts them in control of all our fire-eating societies.
a big-visioned program of the state can the prob- They do not need to be Daughters and Sons of the
lems be worked out. The problem is none the less
American Revolution. Simply to have been in some-
acute in the United States. It involves, aside from body's family album is sufficient. Few of our really
the mechanics of rehabilitation of the soldier and the sizzling leaders of political thought have been in
worker, a mobilization of thought on education, on
America long enough for that achievement. Some
industry, on transportation, on farming-on the kind
of them have not even waited to get their photo-
of society we want for the future. Shall we send
graphs upon the parlor mantles, or into the local
the soldier back to his old job in the mill and the
mine? shall we permit him to shift for himself?
papers, experiences I deem essential to a genuine
political insight.
shall we accept the old philosophy of individualism?
VACHEL LINDSAY.
or shall we consciously build a new kind of state, Springfield, Illinois.


316
October 19
THE DIAL
Notes on New Books
faithful to its dogged conception of power and
blinded by its own strength. The story revolves
THE SUNNY SOUTH AND ITS PEOPLE. By
around the work of a young schoolmaster who comes
C. W. Johnston. Rand McNally; $1.50.
to an Alsatian village from Switzerland. He meets
the families of the notables, both the petty German
As a compilation of facts regarding numerous
functionaries who preach a continual Deutschtum,
towns and villages south of Mason and Dixon's and the old stock with German names but with an
line, this book can truthfully be said to have a modi- incorrigible adoration for France. Their occasional
cum of reference' value, but so hidden are the data
excursions to some French village over the border
among inconsequential observations, inappropriate are like breaths of fresh air. And when the war
comments, and futile rhetoric that the reader must
comes, the great tragedy is that some of the youth
exercise extraordinary forbearance. The author's have been absorbed into the German military ma-
asides are sententious and often amusing, taking the chine and are either lost in the snows of Poland or
form of homilies on honesty, diatribes against tip- fighting against their beloved France. What the
ping, and justification of war. Of Fortress Monroe initial invasion of the French into Alsace meant
he says: "Fortress Monroe is located on a beautiful to the inhabitants of the villages in the path of the
body of water-Hampton Roads. It is very old and long-desired liberation is told in touching letters
fully a mile long.” That is a fair indication of what from some of the young French soldiers who had
the book is like.
relatives there. The long drama of forty-four years
is rounded out by this jubilant restoration. They
HANDBOOK OF FURNITURE STYLES. By Wal were only a few villages, but they were the symbol
ter A. Dyer. Century; $1.50.
of release from the hateful regime that heretofore
Here is a brief and admirable manual on furni- they could only ridicule and mildly insult but never
ture periods, and one which quite satisfactorily ful- oppose. Yet there is a note of tenderness in the
fills its author's desire to meet the need for a "primer book, as if to imply that the barriers between these
of a fascinating and useful study.” Without any plain French and German people of Alsace are large-
attempt to be exhaustive it contrives to cover the ly the artificial product of government, and that
field with much skill, both in the selection and ar- when governmental justice has been done, all may
rangement of material and in the choice of illustra- enjoy in a new friendliness that lovely land.
tions to supplement the text. Mr. Dyer succeeds
in a lucid exposition of the various periods, showing MEMOIRS OF MERCY ARGENTEAU. Trans-
what influences brought them into existence and lated and edited with an introduction by George
what other influences caused them to be displaced. S. Hellman. 2 vols. Putnam; $10.
To those who are familiar with the field, the book
Two brief manuscripts left by Count Mercy
may bring nothing new, but within the scope of its d'Argenteau, and never before printed, have been
intention it is well executed. The author has translated and published in these two beautiful vol-
avoided the dangers of too much elaboration and the umes. The memoirs do not make a continuous ac-
equally deplorable error of sketchiness. Not only count of the author's life, but deal with two distinct
does he survey the historical periods, but in the last periods in his career—the period of his service in the
chapter he does not hesitate to bring American household of Napoleon, and the period of his service
styles right down to date. One is pleased to find under King William of Holland. The first volume
him disposing of mission furniture in half a sentence. is the less important of the two, being no more than
The volume includes a brief bibliography, and a a sketchy and conventional relation of unimportant
table of styles showing the sovereigns, the leading episodes and incidents. It adds nothing to our
craftsmen, structural details, and significant pieces. knowledge of Napoleon, and will be of use only to
the biographer, if ever one is needed, of this diligent
THE HEART OF ALSACE. By Benjamin
but politically negligible servant of the Emperor.
Vallotton. Dodd, Mead; $1.50.
The second volume has a greater historical value. It
It is impossible to imagine a more effective piece is concerned chiefly with the author's unavailing ef-
of propaganda for the Alsatian cause than this novel forts, in 1830, to bring the stubborn Dutch king
by a Swiss who spent twelve years in Alsace. He to adopt a policy in dealing with Belgium that might
does not press his point or rail against the German conceivably have prevented the Revolution. Students
rulers. But he pictures in innumerable incidents, of the Belgian Revolution, and students of the July
and with the most sensitive feeling for the charm Revolution in France, will find this volume of some
of the country, the life of suppressed passion which use. The introductions by Mr. Hellman, nearly as
those villagers live that retain all their old fondness long in the case of the first volume as the memoir
and loyalty to France. It is not so much brutal itself, give all necessary information about the
oppression that these Alsatians experience from their author and his manuscripts, and place a far higher
uncongenial overlords as the endless spying and fer- estimate upon the services of the one and the value
reting, the endless vigilance of a German machine of the other than they deserve.


1918
317
THE DIAL
WISCONSIN PLAYS: Second Series—The Feast Among the savage tribes that inhabit what he calls
of the Holy Innocents, by S. Marshall Ilsley; the last frontier of the race, and who “grinned ami-
On the Pier, by Laura Sherry; The Shadow, by ably, and promised lavishly, and sat in the sun," it
Howard Mumford Jones; We Live Again, by is the fortunes of the lad Simba which make the
Thornton Gilman. Introduction by Zona story. A splendid young fellow of whom any civili-
Gale. Huebsch; $1.50.
zation might be proud, he progresses from the naked
No other band of workers in our little theaters
village boy sucking a sugar-cane in the first chapter
has justified higher expectations than the Wisconsin
to become gunbearer to Cunningham, the great ele-
Dramatic Society. Their productions—managed,
phant hunter, and to meet the white man's civiliza-
staged, and acted by enthusiastic, serious-minded
tion in the coast towns. Naturally the mingling of
amateurs—have deserved and have won the support
whites and blacks gives opportunity for considerable
chiaroscuro effect. The book is one of vivid con-
of all classes of their public. The wholesome educa-
trasts.
tional influence of these productions for a better
Mr. White's genuine appreciation of the
appreciation of good drama has been effectively sec-
native African precludes that jocose condescension,
onded by the public meetings of the Society, by its
customary in the usual writer of southern travels.
publications, by lectures held under its auspices. The
His sense of humor however cannot overlook the
policy of encouraging new playwrights, especially
ubiquitous race of medicine men, nor the perplexities
Wisconsin playwrights, is a definite expression of
of European officials in the face of local traditions
and taboos.
the hope that our little theaters will be schools for
Unexpectedly, though frequently
American dramatists. In the first, fine meaning
enough, one comes upon a turn like the following
of the word the Wisconsin Dramatic has been
which flashes up a whole scene. In stumbling upon
"popular" both in its aims and its achievements,
his first herd of browsing elephants Simba "listened
and a host of sympathetic friends all over America
with something approaching awe to the thunder-like
look to this distinctly Middle West organization for
rumblings of digestion.' And the first newly ar-
guidance and inspiration. The disappointment of
rived white tourists looked to him “anaemic, blood-
these admirers in the Second Series of the Wiscon-
less, like grubs dug out of a log." If Mr. White
sin Plays will be great.
must be compared to Kipling, it is to the Kipling of
Instead of fulfilling our high expectations, three Kim, with its rich sympathies, rather than to the
of the four plays in this volume confirm the most
caustic writer of Plain Tales.
skeptical fears of sundry unfriendly critics of the
little theaters. They are not only commonplace in
LES DESSOUS DU CONGRES DE VIENNE. By
conception, but also immature in expression, and
Commandant Weil. Payot, Paris; 20 f.
even faulty in construction. Perhaps it is most just The Congress of Vienna has been the recipient
to consider them as examples of exercises from the latterly of many uncomplimentary remarks from our
primary grade in the school of play-writing, but only American publicists, official or unofficial. In some
a doting parent could find in them any promise for cases there seems to have been a little uncertainty as
the future. The single play of distinction in the to when the Congress was held, or why, but as the
book is The Shadow. There is a real thought
There is a real thought rigor of the proffered condemnation of its conduct
behind this pretty little fantasy, and Mr. Jones has has not thereby been abated, no ethical injury has
most skilfully woven the atmosphere of his autumnal. been done our people. Indeed the Congress has
woods setting into the allegory of Memory. The tended to supplant the French Revolution, at least
final effect achieved is worthy of warmest praise, temporarily, as a term of general opprobrium. It is
and it is to be hoped that the play will be popular perhaps just as well that our diplomatic millenarians
with competent little-theater companies. The signal have not known the things revealed in these two
success of The Shadow emphasizes the fact that it is portly volumes, or the clamor of outraged morality
the only play of this volume that is not realistic in might have become excessive and rather trying.
spirit and local in genre. In view of the romantic Commandant Weil has produced a fresh, interesting,
tendencies of the little theaters this may not be a and valuable work. He has patiently ransacked the
coincidence. At least Mr. Jones points a way by archives of Vienna and has faithfully transcribed
which little-theater playwrights may avoid provin nearly three thousand letters, reports, and memo-
cialism and the deadly lack of dramatic interest randa concerning the activities of the innumerable
provided they possess his imagination and charm of diplomatic agents of high or low degree who con-
expression.
verged upon Vienna in the summer of 1814, only to
leave it, when they had done their utmost, a few
SIMBA. By Stewart Edward White. Double days before Waterloo. The documents here printed
day, Page; $1.40.
fill fifteen hundred pages and they are derived from
After two voyages to the land of Livingstone and the Austrian Ministry of Police and Censorship, over
Stanley, Mr. White has become sufficiently at home which presided, in 1814 and 1815, a most urbane
in Africa to invite his readers to go along with him. and competent man, Baron Hager, who deserves


318
October 19
THE DIAL
mention even in an age rendered illustrious by a Mr. Weil has produced a vivid book and he has
Fouché. Hager was a sublimated chief of police proved himself a model editor, sparing no pains to
and he performed his duties to the king's taste, or give the reader every possible aid to a comprehension
rather to the taste of the Emperor, Francis II. of the documents. His biographical and historical
Francis was the host to all the highnesses and notes are numerous, adequate, and illuminating, and
notables who thronged his capital during the many they must have been the product, in very many cases,
months of the Congress, and it must be said that he of extensive and difficult research. Such painstaking
met the demands of the situation in large and lavish thoroughness is entitled to the reader's lively grati-
fashion. No monarch was ever more imperially hos- tude.
pitable. Endless were the amusements and diver-
sions provided by the Court of Vienna to those who OVER THE THRESHOLD OF WAR. By Nevil
had crowded within its gates, and almost endless Monroe Hopkins. Lippincott; $5.
was the expense, blithely contracted by a state which
There is one rather thrilling description among
was practically bankrupt. But while open-handed these reminiscences that shows the author under fire.
and profuse in social ways, neither Francis nor his
minister, Prince Metternich, was off his guard. Although a minor diplomatic officer, he had taken
Each was reasonably sophisticated. The host knew advantage of being registered with the Red Cross
that he had with him a miscellaneous set of guests arrived during the retreat from Mons. Fortunately
to see what was being done at the front, and he
whom he had not himself selected but who had been for him, he was with a battery that was able to re-
thrust upon him. Consequently he instructed his
police to keep a sharp watch over them all, from the pulse a German attack, and he lived to tell the tale
Emperor of Russia down to the chargé d'affaires of
in a book that otherwise is as commonplace in sub-
ject matter as it is sumptuous in format. Mr. Hop-
the most insignificant German principality. The
kins' observations are at least an indication, how-
Austrian secret police, presided over by Baron
ever, that he had a remarkably interesting though
Hager, shadowed everyone connected with the Con-
not altogether comfortable time watching frenzied
gress, using means known to the profession to get Americans trying to get the first boat home, Ger-
information as to the goings and comings, the do-
ings and sayings, the intentions and connections of smashing German shops, and many other urban and
man airplanes raiding Paris, infuriated Parisians
all these agents engaged in the diplomatic hurly- suburban activities incident to the beginning of the
burly. It was an espionage of the high-born, as great war. His experiences also included a trip to
elaborate as it was ingenious and ubiquitous. The Berlin and the conquered portion of Belgium, and
laws of hospitality did not preclude the opening of the inevitable arrest as a suspected spy.
letters by the Post Office, the filching of documents
from the persons of special messengers, the placing
of government spies as servants in the houses of the
PORTUGUESE PORTRAITS. By Aubrey F. G.
diplomatists, in the desire to find out what all these
Bell. Longmans, Green & Co.; $1.75.
people were up to. The methods were as shameless To most Americans Portugal is an unknown land.
as they needed to be, no more. Every morning all Lately, impelled in great measure because of trade
this information-arranged, docketed, classified— possibilities with South America, our ignorance of
was laid before the Emperor by Baron Hager, and things Spanish and South American has been some-
the Emperor enjoyed it. It was his idea of statecraft what lessened; we are beginning to discover, with no
and it was within the range of his intellectual little surprise, that the continent to the south of ours,
powers.
despite the many handicaps under which authorship
This is the material that has now been published labors, has produced a surprising array of literary
by Commandant Weil. It makes very curious and
creators. As to Portugal and Brazil however we
interesting reading. It is really a source-book in the
intrigues, rumors, slanders, scandals, the backbiting, the great distinction between the Spaniards and
are as much in the dark as ever. We do not realize
and eavesdropping characteristic of the mighty and
their hangers-on at a great international assembly. Portuguese, nor the significance of a better under-
Virtue itself escaped not calumny in that happy age. standing of the latter. Were it from a purely com-
These volumes present the seamy side of history, and mercial point of view alone this is an error; for
as history has that side, it may as well be looked at Brazil, the language of which is Portuguese, forms
serenely and intently. They also present much that an appreciable part of South America and has devel-
is not seamy. They give us a kind of gossip de luxe oped a most interesting literature of its own.
connected with great persons, great problems, and a It is of minor importance that Mr. Bell's seven
great historic occasion. They enable us a little to essays upon famous Portuguese men of thought and
see history in the process of making. The process action lacks a certain fullness, a certain breadth:
is not complete; the materials are fragmentary and while they are something more than sketches, they
not always of the most authentic quality; yet of such do not possess the depth of design that entitles them
stuff are the annals of our race, in part, made up. to be called portraits. But once this mere matter of


1918
319
THE DIAL
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
GEORGES GUYNEMER
KNIGHT OF THE AIR
BY HENRY BORDEAUX
Translated by LOUISE MORGAN Sill, with an Introduction by
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
M. BORDEAUX has given us here a vivid and charming story of GUYNEMER's life and of his thrilling
victories in the air, written from a background of intimate acquaintance with the GUYNEMERS and with the
friends and fellow-aviators of the great French Ace. The story has been brilliantly translated by Mrs.
Sill at the request of the author. THIS IS THE AUTHENTIC GUYNEMER BOOK, APPROVED
BY THE GUYNEMER FAMILY.
Bound in horizon blue with a silhouette of the Paris sky-line, illustrated with a wood-engraved frontispiece
in colors by Rudolph Ruzicka and reproductions from charcoal drawings by W. A. Dwiggins, gilt top, $1.60.
WAR POEMS FROM THE YALE REVIEW
With a Foreword by the Editors
Includes poems by KATHARINE LEE BATES, EMILE CAMMAERTS, JOHN FINLEY, ROBERT FROST,
W. M. LETTS, JOHN MÁSEFIELD, ALFRED NOYES, LOUIS UNTERMEYER, and other well-known writers,
and is issued in a format similar to that of the collection of YALE REVIEW verse issued in 1917. Paper
boards, $1.00.
YOUNG ADVENTURE
BY STEPHEN VINCENT BENÉT
The young brother of WILLIAM Rose BENÉT, already recognized as possessing rare poetic genius,
here offers in his second volume of verse a genuine treat to poetry-lovers. Paper boards, cloth back, $1.25.
NON-RESISTANCE: CHRISTIAN OR PAGAN?
BY BENJAMIN WISNER BACON, D.D., Litt. D., LL.D.
A vigorous refutation of the pacifist's argument, constituting an effective answer to John HAYNES
HOLMES' "New Wars for Old." DR. BACON has written with the specific purpose of refuting the demoral-
izing propaganda of non-resistant pacifism. Paper, 50 cents.
THE EFFECT OF DIET ON ENDURANCE
BY IRVING FISHER, Ph.D.
Mr. Hoover's food regulations are a startling confirmation of the recommendations for diet made by
Professor Fisher before the war on the grounds of hygiene and set forth in this interesting little volume.
Cloth, 60 cents.
Prepared and issued under the Auspices of the National Research Council, Division of Geology and Geography
(Acting as the Department of Science and Research of the Council of National Defense.)
MILITARY GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY. Cloth finish boards, 117 illustrations and
maps, $1.25.
INTRODUCTORY METEOROLOGY. Cloth finish boards, 71 illustrations, $1.00.
GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE: A SYLLABUS. Paper, 25 cents.
120 COLLEGE STREET, NEW HAVEN
NEW YORK, 280 MADISON AVE.
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


320
October 19
THE DIAL
terminology is passed over, one is glad to welcome we could have been spared this in war time; and
the new book into the small family of studies in doubtless one does it too much honor to give it notice.
Portuguese history and culture. The author's essays Mr. Carrington has taken part in exposing mediums
are devoted to King Dinis (1261-1325), Nun' Al- and warns his readers against fraud; yet there are
varez (1360-1431), Prince Henry the Navigator always black swans, and these carry him floating to
(1394-1460), Vasco da Gama (1460 ?-1524), Duarte the regions where common sense does not reach. Mr.
Pacheco Pereira (1465 ?-1533?), Affonso de Al Carrington devoted a book to Eusapia Palladino as
buquerque (1462?-1515), and Dom João de Castro the "blackest” of the swans. When she proved to
(1500-1548). The various accounts read much like be of the same color as the rest of her tribe Mr.
a connected historical narrative, since the men chosen Carrington (apparently) retained his faith, indeed
represent successive steps in the evolution of the enlarged it, so that now his appetite for marvels
Portuguese nation. One receives a marked impres- knows no bounds. To set forth this mixture of
sion of certain national characteristics-rude bravery, credulity and obscurantism as science is an insult
deep pride, indomitable persistence. "And some and an injury. It suggests the necessity for Hoover-
thing of their spirit survives in the Portugal of to- izing on paper and print: the mental food-commis-
day,” Bell tells us, "ready to reappear at a crisis- sioner is a growing need.
more of it, perhaps, than is generally imagined.”
To a modern, of course, in all these virtues there is HOME FIRES IN FRANCE. By Dorothy Can-
a large admixture of vices; and it is easy to note, field. Holt; $1.35.
although Mr. Bell seeks to place no emphasis upon
the point, what a distinctly commercial background sitive to qualities and values, had listened to many
It is as if some newspaper reporter, unusually sen-
lurked behind the historical conquests.
people telling of themselves—refugees, American
The portraits are done in soft, even colors; there war workers for sweet snobbery's sake, homeless and
are no violent contrasts; one can easily imagine that maimed French soldiers—and had set down with
the dust of the ages has gathered on the canvases
fidelity eked out by imagination what they had said
and given them a strange mellowness. Mr. Bell
and something of the way they said it. That is the
may be sure that a small but enthusiastic public will impression one has of Mrs. Fisher's book. At times
welcome another series, and yet another. The scant
literature in English about matters Portuguese is a
she is the interpreter of French ways to Americans.
Her Notes From a French Village are a record of
slight to the European nation and a discredit to
French communal living, of high-enclosed gardens,
ours. England, whence comes this book, is fast
remedying the defect, chiefly through the admirable
of deep-rooted customs as a soldier boy from Cali-
work of such writers as A. F. G. Bell and Georgefornia, Connecticut, or Virginia might see them. In
Young
a parable, too, she has contrasted the French savor
of life and feeling for individuality and quality-
PSYCHICAL PHENOMENA AND THE WAR. By
things in life which must be taken leisurely—with
Hereward Carrington. Dodd, Mead; $2.
American insistence upon vast change for its own
sometimes meaningless sake. The parable has fine
That the war is for many of the belligerents a
reversion to a primitive state of mind, leaving only spots of detail, as in the words of the old Frenchman,
the primal instincts and the intensity of action
among his roses, spoken to a restless American visi-
necessary for self-defense, is a thesis which Mr.
Carrington illustrates in his accounts of the psychol “My friend, humanity as a whole will never be worth
ogy of the soldier. That the same process goes on
more than the lives of its individuals are worth, and it
in a revival of credulity and the rebirth of cruder
takes many, many things to make individual lives worth
while. It takes a mixture, and it needs, among other
beliefs is a thesis that singularly escapes him. A elements, some quiet, some peace, some leisure, some
more baneful book, spreading darkness where even occupation with things of pure beauty like my roses, some
a feeble light would throw a glimmer of guidance, it fellowship with great minds of the past.”
is difficult to imagine. The “normal” part gives Sometimes Mrs. Fisher turns romanticist and imag-
some account of Teutonic lack of insight, and some ines a Lord and Lady Bountiful, in Paris on their
interesting instances of the change of mind and honeymoon, who do nothing but understand every-
heart in the transformation of civilians into soldiers, one's wants and give vast sums of money just where
and in the removal from shop or office to the they are most desperately needed. Again there are
trenches. The “supernormal” part is a top-heavy studies from life at the rear, in which she reports
assemblage of the occult applied to war. It in- simply her conversations with the French soldier on
cludes everything uncritically-prophecies, premoni- furlough from the hospital or the trenches. There
tions, spirit-communications, apparitions, coinci are several studies in realism: the story of the soldier
dences, and all the rest of the telepathic artillery, who returned to his home to find it in ruins; La
which is as shell-proof as it is reason-proof and can Pharmacienne who turned from her life of domestic
be riddled to a frazzle and yet stay whole. Surely comfort to sweeping up the wreckage of her hus-
tor:


1918
32 1
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT NEW FALL BOOKS
FOES By MARY JOHNSTON
A dashing eighteenth-century story of
Scottish moors and rebellion. Alexander
Jardine, heir to the estate of Glenfernie,
and Ian Rullock, a boy the same age as
Alexander, form a David and Jonathan
friendship; they are rarely separated, shar-
ing their every thought.
Eight years later Alexander met Elspeth
Barrow, and fell in love with her. But
though Elspeth did not love him, he never
gave up hope. But one day Ian met Elspeth
and both fell tragically in love. Later he
left for France and Elspeth drowned her-
self and was found by Alexander, who
from that day swore vengeance on his
friend. He followed him from country to
country. How he worked out his revenge
is the grand finale of one of the most thrill-
ing stories that have ever been written of
those momentous times.
Half Cloth, Post 8vo, $1.50.
The Kaiser as I Know Him By ARTHUR
N. DAVIS
Vivid pen-pictures of the Great Enemy
of Democracy in action painted by a man
who was for fourteen years the German
Kaiser's personal dentist.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2.00.
The War in the Cradle of the World
By ELEANOR FRANKLIN EGAN
The author is virtually the only civilian who has been
allowed to enter the British war zone in Mesopotamia since
the beginning of the military operations there. Traveling
alone up the Persian Gulf from Bombay on a British troop
ship, she was received at Basra by Major-General Sir George
Mac Munn and followed with the aid of maps the whole course
of British operations, which began with the taking of Basra
and culminated in General Maude's magnificent campaign of
1916-17. Arriving at Bagdad the author became the guest of
General Maude, and was shown everything of importance in
that whole region. Then followed two months in Mesopo-
tamia which are here described.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2.00.
The Winds of Chance
By REX BEACH
Here is Beach's Alaska at its best-the swirling human
tide sweeping on through Chilkoot Pass-the epic days that
were lived by the thousands at White Horse—the great human
side of the gold rush. And here is 'Poleon Doret again, the
singing, sunny, clean-hearted 'Poleon! You met him in "The
Barrier" perhaps. Humor? Beach has not forgotten it. He
has given us a pair of quarrelling old miners who can't work
together and yet can't separate
one of the most amus-
ing things he has ever done.
Illustrated. Cloth, 8vo, $1.50.
HARPER & BROTHERS Established 1817 NEW YORK
Four Modern Epics by Amy Lowell
CAN GRANDE'S CASTLE
“WE have come to it once Poe was the living and commanding poet, whose
things were waited for. . . . Now we watch and wait for Amy Lowell's
poems. Success justifies her work. Miss Lowell is our poet-now, between fire
and fire, or, in plain fact, between the æsthetic passion of this particular epoch of
letters and the next. Each separate poem
in 'Can Grande's Castle' is a real and
true poem of remarkable power-a work of imagination, a moving and beautiful
thing." - Joseph E. Chamberlain in The Boston Transcript.
Other Books by Amy Lowell
Poems
Books of Criticism
Men, Women and Ghosts
$1.25 Tendencies in Modern American Poetry
Illustrated
Sword Blades and Poppy Seed $1.25
$2.50
Six French Poets
A Dome of Many-Coloured Glass $1.25 Illustrated
$2.50
NEW YORK
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers
My Sword Is My Bond!
When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL.


322
October 19
THE DIAL
band's shop, after she had borne her child and the this audacious creature, but Mrs. Wheeler preserves
Germans had passed over, and maintained herself her pages for less dubious adventures, although she
and her children.
does mention an unexpected visit from Oscar Wilde,
A college professor is quoted as having said, with who could find no one in New York willing to intro-
characteristic inaccuracy, that Mrs. Fisher's book duce him.
is the finest American work of fiction since the war. Yesterdays is not a human document but a family
It is not fiction. There is too much that is typical document: the people we meet in its pages are not
in her book, too much that could be and has been human beings but "beautiful souls” (the author's
corroborated in the way of experience. Probably own phrase); altogether, the kind of life to which
the author would be disdainful of fine questions of it introduces us suggests the expression the author
art and craftsmanship which might be raised about uses in speaking of her visits to "the great painters”
her work. Fresh from experiences which engaged - "We put on our best clothes and indulged in our
her emotions, she has been careless of the long distil best manners, as children do on great occasions."
lation from which is poured pure work, unencum-
bered by persuasion other than its own beauty, didac COLETTE BAUDOCHE. By Maurice Barrés.
tic only in its simplicity, tragic in virtue of the serene Translated by Frances Wilson Huard.
perception of the artist. The war has revealed to
$1.50.
Mrs. Fisher much valiance and much suffering. She
Maurice Barrés, who under the mask of his
has recorded faithfully, at times evangelically, avoid-
sophisticated and highly intellectualized modern cul-
ing the too, too dreadful.
ture conceals the El Greco-esque features of a tenth
YESTERDAYS. By Candace Wheeler. Harper;
century crusader, here gives us a theme very well
suited to his unctuous and pontifical soul-Lorraine
$3.
after the German occupation. The book, which one
James Russell Lowell was once entertaining this fears to call a novel, was written originally in 1908,
author in his Cambridge home. The latter was with the intention of combating the false optimism
duly impressed with the grandeur, the dignity, and wherewith Europe was contemplating the after-
the charm of the literary life, and also with the effects of the Franco-Prussian War. It is now
antique furniture that contributed its share to the warmed over for American readers—also to com-
cultural atmosphere. She took occasion to admire
She took occasion to admire bat a false optimism? Briefly the book is an attempt
enviously a beautiful old mahogany desk in the to symbolize the conflict of two opposed cultures.
library, whereupon the author of A Fable for Colette Baudoche, a native of Lorraine, lives with
Critics replied, with that sportive solemnity charac- her grandmother in the old family residence in
teristic of the New England intellect, "You can all Metz. Both women are consecrated to their simple
have relics if you live long enough.” Mrs. Wheeler household duties; both are continually remember-
has here in some four hundred pages demonstrated ing or dreaming about l'ancien régime and regarding
the truth of Lowell's epigram. It is an excellent with a faint but insistent contempt everything Ger-
and conscientiously thorough demonstration, whose man. To their house there comes, in search of
principal fault is that very few of its readers will rooms, Frederick Asmus—a big, naive, enthusiastic,
have the good fortune to be relatives, friends, or and conscientious Prussian professor. Filled with
contemporaries of the author. For these reminis the desire to reconcile the lumbering automatism of
cences are of the type whose appeal is restricted: his fatherland with the evasive and delicate move-
both the general reader and the seeker for daring ments of Lorraine's native culture, this pedagogue
and highly individualized literature will experience seeks in every way to gain the esteem of his hostess
a certain impolite dissatisfaction with the various and her pretty granddaughter. The narration of
and exceedingly innocent relics presented to his gaze these attempts takes up practically the whole book,
by this woman whose family, as she herself confesses, and the author loses no opportunity for making the
was a hundred years behind the times. William invidious comparison. Lorraine versus Germany:
Cullen_Bryant, Peter Cooper, John Burroughs, character, plot, description, even dialogue—all are
Mark Twain, Richard Watson Gilder, Julia Ward rigorously subordinated to this conception. It is
Howe—she knew all these and more, and she tells done with great subtlety, and one admires the au-
us about them and other celebrities whom she met thor's literary gymnastic, his powers of description,
abroad (Leighton, Whistler, Hardy, Millet, Brown- and his ability to portray the psychology of conqueror
ing) and everything she says is so well-ordered, so and vanquished. Nevertheless a reader sensitive to
circumspect, decorous, and distinguished! Particu the artistic in literature becomes bored with the tone
larly "exciting" is the account of a mysterious and of advocate that runs through the pages: he begins
apparently very indiscreet woman who to an alarm to wish that everything were not so palpably, so ir-
ing independence of spirit added the "sin" of pay reconcilably either German or French; and at the
ing open visits to the little house in the