the title of - Field tale of humanity. But, unhappily, his ear was
and Hedgerow” (Longmans)— amply justifies Mr. over-quick to catch the sadder accents, and the
Besant's recent - Eulogy” of the author. It is dominant note in his writings is a melancholy, often
pleasant, in a day of critical scholarship and over a despondent one. We miss entirely the strain of
much learned threshing of straw, to meet with a high cheerfulness and abounding faith that uplifts
writer who leads us once more to nature out-of the verse of Wordsworth. The many notices of
doors — for to read Jefferies is almost as good as a Jefferies that have recently appeared, while doing
ramble in the woods and fields that he knew so well. justice to his genius for observing and describing


60
[July,
THE DIAL
nature, have laid too little stress upon his power of defects, the book is valuable, if only as a collection
depicting a certain phase of human life. Few of hitherto widely scattered information.
writers have excelled his accurate and sympathetic
portraits of the dwellers in English farm and village.
UNDER the seductive title of “ Authors at Home,”
Cassell & Co. have collected a series of papers, re-
cently published in “The Critic," descriptive, for
IN Mombert's “History of Charles the Great"
the most part, of the domestic surroundings and
(Appleton), the author has furnished, not for schol-
personal characteristics of prominent American
ars, but, in his own words, for “ the public gener-
writers. “How inexpressibly comfortable,” ex-
ally," an important contribution to the literature
claimed Mr. Carlyle, - to know our fellow-creature!"
of one of the most important and interesting periods
The American public, upon whom the spirit of Paul
in history.” It is “for the most part drawn up
Pry seems to have descended, will not fail to appre-
from contemporary authorities, such as annals, chron-
ciate the force of this observation—which is doubly
icles, biographies, letters, laws, diplomas, poems,
true when the “ fellow-creature” happens to be one
epitaphs.” He says truly that Charles the Great
elevated by talents or good-fortune above the multi-
is incomparably the grandest name of the Middle
tude. Through the aid of this little volume, the
Ages.” He might have added that, if we measure
curious reader may have the “ inexpressible com-
by the after results of what men do, no other man
fort” of knowing that Mr. T. B. Aldrich comes in
has been greater. So large a character in the his-
occasionally from Lynn clad in “ heavy, serviceable,
tory of the world deserves larger space in its lit-
reefing jacket," and that “the ends of his moustache,
erature; and we are glad to welcome Dr. Mom-
pointed somewhat in the French manner, seem to
bert's five hundred octavo pages on a single reign.
accentuate with a certain fitness and chic the quips
They are not too many for its weighty events.
and cranks which so often issue from beneath it";
English readers have hitherto had no adequate pre-
that “ Dr. Holmes has many more than the average
sentation of this great reign, such as Martin has
allowance of ancestors, and that, as a descendant
given to Frenchmen. The present work is ency-
| of Dudley, Bradstreet, the Olivers, Quincys, and
clopædic, and covers every recorded feature of
Jacksons, his · hut of stone' fronts on one of Bos-
Charles's career as statesman, soldier, and man.
ton's most aristocratic streets, though the dear river
His campaigns from the Vistula to the Garigliano
behind it flows almost close to its little garden gate";
or the Ebro are traced in detail ; his political re-
that in Mr. Stedman's home “there is a pervading
lations with the congeries of nationalities that owned
harmony of tone and tints, the rich draperies, the
his sway are also clearly set before us; a valuable
soft-toned carpets, the dusk of the tempered day-
chapter on the school of the palace and its director
light, are skilfully used as an effective background
Alcuin brings out forcibly one of the noblest features
to bring into relief the pictures, the works of art,
of Charles's statesmanship; the imperial accession
and the rare bits of bric-a-brac”; that Mr. Warner's
is handled in a thoughtful narrative which once or
6 head is capacious, his forehead high and clear,
twice carries us beneath the surface of affairs with
and the kindly eyes behind his eye-glasses are
a shrewd reproduction of motives; finally, the Diets
noticeably wide open,”—etc., etc. While admitting
and the resulting capitularies receive much atten-
this volume to be a bright and readable skimming
tion, and the latter are not only summarized but
of impressions, we are inclined to question the
are set before us in judicious selections. A chap-
claim, made in a prefatory note, that in its pages
ter on Administration shows us the missi dominici
one gets a “ closer and more intimate view of the
on their rounds, introduces us to the royal villas,
authors sketched than their writings could possibly
the, workings of the land system, and the sources
afford ”- a rather sweeping statement, with which
of royal revenue. What we miss from the book
the gentlemen concerning whom it is made will
is not a full material but a better method. One
scarcely concur. " Authors at Home” is accept-
cannot see the town for the houses. Details are
ably printed and bound, and the papers it contains,
allowed to crowd out deductions from them; the
though light and sketchy, are well-written and en-
spirit of the age, of the man, of the institutions,
tertaining, and by no means to be confounded with
does not sufficiently appear. We look in vain for
the impertinent tittle-tattle of the daily newspapers.
some of the philosophic interpretation of details
which enlivens and gives so great value to Martin's An attractive little volume entitled “ Lost Lead-
chapters on this period. What is needed by the ers” (Longmans) reproduces a series of editorials
reader, burdened with so many details, and a narra written by Mr. Andrew Lang for the London
tive which rapidly moves over the face of half “ Daily News.” While the articles doubtless ap-
Europe, is generalization that shall unify the mul peared to better advantage in their original form -
titudinous facts, and gather them about principles they seem rather brief and sketchy between book-
of action. . The bewilderment is made worse by the covers—they contain enough good things to warrant
unfortunate typographical setting, which seems their reprinting. The table of contents offers an
determined at times to make a paragraph of almost agreeable diversity of subjects.—"Salmon Fishing,"
every sentence, and gives a sketchy and discon “Sieur de Montaigne," "Thackeray's Drawings,”
nected effect to the whole book. Still, with these “ American Humor,” etc., — and the themes are


1889.]
61
THE DIAL
treated with the author's usual grace, wit, and light showing the more cool and orderly, and at the same
ness of touch. Few writers of our day say so many time really more formidable, character of Wat Ty-
bright things to the page as Mr. Lang. The fol ler's rebellion, as compared with that of the Jacque-
lowing is a rather good hit at a phase of American rie. An appendix contains some valuable docu-
journalism : “ In American country newspapers ments. (Putnam.)
there is usually one column devoted to facetiæ,
which appear to have been clipped out of the
MR. Wilsox W. BLAKE has industriously col-
columns of other country papers. They live on
lected a great mass of information, and published
each other, just as the natives of the Scilly Islands
it in handsome form in “ The Cross, Ancient and
are feigned to eke out a precarious livelihood by
Modern” (Randolph). The illustrations are one
taking in each other's washing." Samuel Pepys is
hundred and four in number, averaging exactly
thus neatly summarized : “No man is a hero to his
two to a page. It is certainly a useful piece of work,
valet, and unluckily Samuel Pepys, by way of a
if only as material for future students ; but we can-
valet, chose posterity. All the trifles of temper,
not say that the author's judgment equals his indus-
habit, vice, and social ways, which a keen-eyed valet
try. The book contains much that is really curious
may observe in his master, Samuel Pepys carefully
and valuable. But there is always a great deal that
recorded about himself, and bequeathed to the di-
is nonsensical and fallacious about such coincidences
version of future generations. The world knows
as those here pointed out, and we find no serious at-
Pepys as the only man who ever wrote honest con-
tempt to discriminate between forms that may really
fessions, for Rousseau could not possibly be candid
have had some meaning, and those in which the re-
for five minutes together, and Saint Augustine was
semblance is only fortuitous. For example, on page
heavily handicapped by being a saint.” Mr. Lang
19 we have a number of Roman standards, in which
is one of those genial writers who beguile us into
the cross-piece of course presents the shape of which
serious thinking under pretence of amusing us; his
he is in search, but with absolutely no meaning.
- prescriptions of thought and criticism are too
On the same page is a Roman denarius, on which
pleasantly “put up” to be unpalatable to the most
| the X (the symbol for ten asses) is made to do ser-
general of general readers.
vice for a “ Cross of Saturn” — whatever that may
be. Nothing is simpler or more natural than the
M. JUSSERAND's “ English Wayfaring Life in form of the cross, which is the simplest combination
the Middle Ages (XIV. Century),” translated by of two straight lines, and in half the illustrations
Miss Lucy Toulmin Smith, is one of those works of this book is wholly innocent of religious or sym-
of detail, the fruit of great industry and erudition, | bolic meaning.
which may be called a magazine of historical infor-
mation, rather than a vivid historical picture. The
MR. THISTLETON DYER's “ Folk-Lore of Plants”
careful student can obtain from it an accurate
(Appleton) is a welcome contribution to a subject
knowledge of this department of social life; but to
which is now attracting much attention. It is a
general readers the descriptions lack vividness and
study at once of literature, of flower-culture, and
picturesqueness, being rather a systematic analysis
of popular superstitions, all woven together in an
than a delineation of social relations. Having said
attractive and entertaining way. Nor is it merely
so much, rather by way of definition than of criti-
the gossip of folk-lore; the scholarship and philos-
cism, we must give the highest praise to the book-
ophy of the object find adequate treatment. The
its original execution, the accuracy and correctness
titles of some of the chapters will show sufficiently
of the translation, and the variety and excellence of
the scope of the book. It begins with “ Plant Life,"
the illustrations. These last are so numerous and
followed by “ Primitive and Savage Notions respect-
ing Plants,” and “ Plant Worship.” Other chap-
so graphic that even without any text they would
present a pretty complete picture of life upon the
ters (there are twenty-three in all) are “ Plants in
road in the Middle Ages. The book is divided into
Witchcraft,” “ Plants and the Weather,” “ Plants
three parts : English Roads (including Bridges,
and the Calendar," “ Children's Rhymes and
Inns, etc.), Lay Wayfarers, and Religious Way-
Games.” All these chapters are full of quaint and
farers; each part being divided into three chapters.
interesting information.
In the chapter upon Religious Wayfarers, our author
fully confirms the commonly received notions of the TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
low state of morality among these classes, at the
July, 1889.
close of the Middle Ages, and the abuses of indul-
Academical Oratory, Decline of. Andover.
gences. Perhaps the most interesting discussion in American Diplomat, An. J. L. White. Dial.
the volume is in Chapter III. of Part II., “Out André's Last Days. J. O. Dykman. Mag. Am. History.
laws, Wandering Workmen, and Peasants Out of
Books That Have Hindered Me. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
Brandywine, The. H. M. Jenkins. Harper.
Bond,” the statements of which afford a valuable Christianity and Agnosticism. Rev. Dr. Wace. Pop. Science.
commentary to Professor Thorold Rogers's investi-
Civil Liberty. W. G. Sumner. Popular Science.
Creeds in Scotland. A. T. Innes. Andover.
gations into the results of the Black Death. It con Emerson's Private Life. O. F. Emerson. Dial.
tains (page 274) an interesting comparison between
English Men of Action. J. J. Halsey. Dial.
Fiction, Recent. Wm. M. Payne, Dial.
the peasants' revolts of France and of England, Fungi.' T. H. McBride. Popular Science.


62
(July,
THE DIAL
Glass-Making. W. A. Rogers. Harper.
Goethe. Mary E. Nutting. Andover.
Higher Education, Discipline in. N. S. Shaler. Atlantic.
Huxley, Explanation to. Bishop of Peterborough. Pop. Sci.
Iowa. Mr. Justice Miller. Harper.
Lewis, Henry Carvill. Popular Science.
Medicine, Limitations of. S. S. Burt. Popular Science.
Mississippi, Discovery of. H. L. Reynolds. Mag. Am. Hist.
Muscle and Mind. Frances E. White. Popular Science.
North American Half Breeds. Wm. Barrows. Andover.
Old Masters in New York. W. H. Downes. Atlantic,
Oxford Movement in the English Church. Andsver.
Petersburg Palaces. Theo. Child. Harper.
Polynesian Kinship. C. N. Starcke. Popular Science.
Railway Maladjustments. Benj. Reece. “Popular Science.
Reality. F. H. Johnson. Andover.
Recent Books on Social Questions. John Bascom. Dial.
Sea-Butterflies. Carl Vogt. Popular Science.
Sea-Fishes, Artificial Propagation of. Popular Science.
South and the School Problem. A. G. Haygood. Harper.
Suicide. C. W. Pilgrim. Popular Science.
Telegraph System. C. L. Buckingham. Scribner.
Theological Seminaries, Over-Training in. Andover.
Trotting Races. H. C. Merwin. Atlantic
Van de Velde, Adriaan. E. Mason. Harper.
Washington and William the Silent. Mag. Am. History.
Washington Centenial. Martha J. Lamb. Mag. Am. History.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[ The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL
during the month of June, 1889.1
Eli and Sybil Jones. Their Life and Work. By Rufus
M. Jones. With Two Portraits, 12mo, pp. 316. Por-
ter & Coates. $1.50.
Life of Henry Grattan. By Robert Dunlop. 16mo, pp.
236. “International Statesmen." J. B. Lippincott Co.
75 cents.
Henry the Seventh. By James Gairdner. 16mo. pp. 219.
Macmillan's "Twelve English Statesmen.” 60 cents.
Wellington. By George Hooper. With Portrait. 16mo.
pp. 254. Macmillan's English Men of Action." 60 cts.
The Winning of The West. By Theodore Roosevelt, au-
thor of “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, 2 vols. Svo.
Gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.00.
The Crusade of Richard I., 1189-92. Selected and Ar-
ranged by T. A. Archer, B.A. 16mo, pp. 393. Gilt top.
* English History by Contemporary Writers." G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Société Française au Dix-Septiéme siécle. An Ac-
count of French Society in the XVII. Century, from Con-
temporary Writers. Edited for the Use of Schools and
Colleges, with Introduction and Notes, by Thomas Fred-
erick Crane, A.M. 18mo, pp. 342. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.50.
Carlisle. By M. Creighton, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. 16mo,
pp. 215. Uncut. “Historic Towns.” Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.25.
POLITICAL STUDIES.
The River Towns of Connecticut: A Study of Wethers-
field, Hartford, and Windsor. By Charles M. Andrews.
8vo, pp. 126. Paper. “Johns Hopkins University Stud-
ies."** $1.00.
The Beginnings of New England; or, The Puritan Theo-
cracy and Its Relations to Civil and Religious Liberty.
By John Fiske. 12mo, pp. 296. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $2.00.
SCIENCE-PHILOSOPHY.
The Ice Age in North America, and Its Bearings upon
the Antiquity of Man. By G. Frederick Dwight, D.D.,
LL.D., F.G.S.A., author of “Logic of Christian Evi-
dences." With an Appendix on * The Probable Cause
of Glaciation,” by Warren Upham, F.G.S.A. Many New
Maps and Hlustrations. Svo, pp. 622. D. Appleton &
Co. $5.00.
Darwinism. An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Se-
lection, with Some of Its Applications, By Alfred Rus-
sell Wallace, LL.D., F.L.S." Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 191,
Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
Kant's Critical Philosophy for English Readers. By John
P. Mahaffy, D.D., and John H. Bernard, B.D. Å New
and Completed Edition. Volume I., The Kritik of Pure
Reason Explained and Defended. 12 mo., pp. 389. Mac-
millan & Co. $1.75.
Psychology as a Natural Science applied to the Solu-
tion of Occult Psychic Phenomena. By C. G. Raue,
M.D. 8vo, pp. 541. Porter & Coates. $3.50.
Geonomy: Creation of the Continents by the Ocean Cur-
rents; and Kosmo-nomia : The Growth of Worlds and
the Cause of Gravitation. By J. Stanley Grimes, author
of “Problems of Creation." 16mo. J. B. Lippincott
Co. 50 cents.
Fundamental Problems. The Method of Philosophy as a
Systematic Arrangement of knowledge. By Dr. Paul
Carus. 12mo, pp. 267. Open Court Pub'g Co. $1.00.
NATURAL SCIENCE.
Birds Through an Opera Glass. By Florence A. Mer-
riam. 18mo, pp. 220. “Riverside Library for Young
People.” Houghton, Mithin & Co. 75 cents.
Up and Down the Brooks. By Mary A. Bamford. 18mo,
pp. 292. “Riverside Library for Young People.'
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 75 cents.
POETRY.
The Bird-Bride. A Volume of Ballads and Sonnets. By
Graham R. Tomson. 16mo, pp. 136. Gilt top. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.75.
The Tent on the Beach. By John Greenleaf Whittier.
With an Introduction and Notes. 18mo, pp. 72. Paper.
Riverside Literature Series.” Houghton, Miffin & Co.
15 cents.
LITERARY MISCELLAN Y.
The Writings of George Washington. Collected and
Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 volumes.
Vol. II., 1758–1775. Royal 8vo, pp. 502. Gilt top. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $5.00.
George Washington. By Henry Cabot Lodge. In two
volumes. 16mo. Gilt top. "American Statesmen."
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.50.
Rogers and His Contemporaries. By P. W. Clayden,
author of "The Early Life of Samuel Rogers." In two
vols. 8vo. Gilt top. London: Smith, Elder & Co. $3.
Amiel's Journal. The Journal Intime of Henri-Frédéric
Amiel, Translated, with an Introduction and Notes,
by Mrs. Humphry Ward, author of "Robert Elsmere."
New Edition with a Portrait. 12mo, pp. 318. Uncut.
Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
Indoor Studies. By John Burroughs, author of “Wake
Robin." 16mo, pp. 256. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Jew in English Fiction. By Rabbi David Philipson,
D.D. 16mo, pp. 156. Robert Clarke & Co. $1.00.
Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus rendered into English
Prose, with an Introductory Essay, by A. Lang, M.A.
18mo, pp. 210. Uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Essays by De Quincey: Murder Considered as One of the
Fine Arts; Three Memorable Murders; and the Spanish
Nun. 24mo, pp. 303. Gilt top. Putnam's “Knicker-
bocker Nuggets." $1.00.
The Wit and Wisdom of Sydney Smith. A Selection
of the Most Memorable Passages in His Writings and
Conversation. 21mo, pp. 415. Gilt top. Putnam's
“Knickerbocker Nuggets." $1.00.
Deacons. By W. H. H. Murray, author of "Adventures in
the Wilderness." 16mo, pp. 82. Cupples & Hurd. 75 cts.
The Sufferings of Christ: Their Origin, Nature, and Re-
sults. Mission Sermons. By Professor W. Clark, LL.D.
Delivered during Holy Week, 1889, at Grace Church,
Detroit, Mich. 4to, pp. 32. Detroit: Young Men's
Association of Grace Church.
My Confession. Count Lyof N. Tolstoï. Translated from
the Russian. A Companion Book to "My Religie
12mo, pp. 242. Paper. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cents.
BIOGRAPHY-HISTORY.
Diego Velazquez and His Times. By Carl Justi, Profes-
sor at the University of Bonn. Translated by Professor
A. H. Keane, B.Å., F.R.G.S., and Revised by the
Author. With Etched Portrait and many Illustrations.
4to, pp. 306. Gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. Half-
leather. 10.00.
3


1889.]
63
THE DIAL
FICTION..
A Dictionary of Music and Musicians. (A.D. 1450-
Between the Lines. A Story of the War. By Captain 1889). By Eminent Writers, English and Foreign.
Charles King, U.S.A., author of "A War-Time Wooing.” Illustrated. Edited by Sir George Grove, D.C.L., Direc-
Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 312. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. tor Royal College of Music, London. With Appendix,
The Wrong Box. By Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd
Edited by J. A. Fuller Maitland, M.A. In 4 vols. Vol.
Osbourne. 12mo, pp. 24. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.00.
IV. Svo, pp. 820, Macmillan & Co. $6.00.
Miss Eyre from Boston, and Others. By Louise Chan-
The Government Year Book: A Record of the Forms
dler Moulton, author of "Some Women's Hearts." 16mo,
and Methods of Government in Great Britain, Her Col-
pp. 339. Roberts Brothers. $1.25.
onies, and Foreign Countries, 1889, with an Introduction
he Diffusion of Popular Government over the Globe.
The Fall of Kilman Kon. By Arthur Cummings. 16mo,
the Nature and Extent of International Jurisdictions,
pp. 348. G. W. Dillingham. $1.50.
and a Review of the Chief Occurences Affecting National
Kophetua the Thirteenth. By Julian Corbett, author of and International Government in 1888. Edited by Lewis
- The Fall of Asgard.” 16mo, pp. 333. Macmillan & Sargent, author of “ New Greece." 12mo, pp. 550. Lon-
Co. $1.00.
don: T. Fisher Unwin. $2.00.
Bertha Laycourt. A Novel. By Edgar C. Blum. 12mo, A Latin-English Dictionary. By C. G. Gepp, M.A., au-
pp. 3:32. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
thor of " Progressive Exercises in Latin Elegiac Verse."
Merle's Crusade. By Rose Rose Nouchette Carey, author
and A. E. Heigh, M.A. 16mo, pp. 363. Ginn & Co. $1.40.
of " Aunt Diana." 16mo, pp. 352. J. B. Lippincott Principles of Procedure in Deliberative Bodies. By
Co. $1.25.
George Glover Crocker, Pres. Mass. Senate, 1883. 18mo,
“Laramie "; or the Queen of Bedlam. A Story of the pp. 167. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cents.
Sioux War of 1876. By Captain Charles King, U.S.A., | A Guide to the Study of Nineteenth Century Authors.
author of “The Colonel's Daughter." 16mo, pp. 277. By Louise Manning Hodgkins. 12mo. D. C. Heath &
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.00.
Co. $1.50.
A Woodland Wooing. By Eleanor Putnam. 16mo, pp. Plato's Protagoras. With the Commentary of Hermann
289. Roberts Brothers. $1.00.
Sauppe. Translated, with Additions, by James A. Towle.
Inside Our Gate. By Christine Chaplin Brush, author of
8vo, pp. 179. Ginn's “ College Series of Greek Authors."
" The Colonel's Opera Cloak." 16mo, pp. 301. Roberts
$1.30.
Brothers. $1.00.
M. Tullii Ciceronis Brutus de Claris Oratoribus. Edited,
A Sage of Sixteen. By L. B. Walford, author of "Mr.
with an Introduction and Notes, by Martin Kellogg.
Smith.” 16mo, pp.243. Holt's “Leisure Hour Series." $1.
16mo, pp. 196. Ginn's "College Series of Latin Authors."
Uncle Peter's Trust; or, Following the Drum. By George
$1.35.
B. Perry. Illustrated. Square 18mo, pp. 283. Harper
Die Journalisten. By Gustaf Freytag. Edited, with an
& Brothers. $1.00.
English Commentary, by Walter D. Toy, M.A. 12mo,
pp. 160. Heath's “ German Series.” 55 cents.
Two Daughters of One Race. By W. Heimburg, author
of “Gertrude's Marriage.” Translated by Mrs. D. M.
Le Mari de Madame de Solange. By Emile Souvestre.
Lowrey. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 329. Paper. Uncut.
Edited, with English Notes, by O. B. Super, Ph.D. 16mo,
Worthington Co. 75 cents.
pp. 57. Paper. Heath's "Modern Language Series.''
In the Wire-Grass. A Novel. By Louis Pendleton, author
20 cents.
of " Bewitched, and Other Stories.” 16mo, pp. 245.
Handbook of Music Lessons for the First Year Grade.
Paper. Appleton's " Town and Country Library.” 50 cts.
Arranged in Steps Corresponding to the Usual Number
Lace. A Berlin Romance. By Paul Lindau. 16mo, pp. 324.
of Weeks in the Primary School Year. By W. S. Tilden.
16mo, pp. 36. Paper. Ginn's "National Music Course."
Paper. Appleton's "Town and Country Library.”* 30 cts.
12 cents.
Cleopatra: Being an Account of the Fall and Vengeance
of Harmachis, the Royal Egyptian, as Set Forth by His
TRAVELS.
Own Hand. By H. Rider Haggard, author of "She."
Illustrated. 16mo, pp. 300. Paper. Harper's “Franklin
Travels in the Atlas and South Morocco. A Narrative
Square Library.” 25 cents.
of Exploration. By Joseph Thompson, F.R.G.S., author
The Scarlet Letter. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 16mo,
of “Through Masai-land.” Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 488.
pp. 312. “Riverside Paper Series." Houghton, Mifflin
Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.00.
& Co. 50 cents.
Impressions of Russia. By Dr. Georg Brandes, author of
The Secret of the Lamas. A Tale of Thibet. 16mo, pp.
" Eminent Authors of the Ninteenth Century." Trans-
lated from the Danish by Samuel C. Eastman. With
235. Cassell's “Sunshine Series.” 50 cents.
Portrait. 12mo, pp. 353. `T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25.
The Last of the Van Slacks. A Story of To-day. By
Edward S. Van Zile, author of "Wanted-A Sensation."
MISCELLANEOUS.
16mo, pp. 325. Cassell's “Sunshine Series." 50 cents.
The Smuggler of King's Cove; or, The Old Chapel Mys- The Legends and Myths of Hawaii: The Fables and
tery. By Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., author of “The Painter Folk-Lore of a Strange People. By His Hawaiian
of Parma.” 16mo, pp. 251. Paper Cassell's “Sun-
Majesty Kalakaua. Edited, and with an Introduction,
shine Series." 50 cents.
by Hon. R. M. Daggett. Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 530.
A Lost Wife. A Novel. By Mrs. H. Lovett Cameron,
Chas. L. Webster & Co.
author of “In a Grass Country.” 16mo, pp. 288. Lip The Geography of Marriage; or, Legal Perplexities of
pincott's "Select Novels.” 25 cents.
Wedlock in the United States. By William L. Snyder.
The Devil and I. A Novel. 16mo, pp. 332. Paper.
12mo, pp. 334. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
G. W. Dillingham. 50 cents.
The Popular Science Monthly. Edited by William J.
Zarailla. A Novel. * By Beulah. 16mo, pp. 323. Paper.
Youmans. Vol. XXXIV., November, 1888, to April,
G. W. Dillingham. 50 cents.
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[July, 1889.
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MY RELIGION.
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THE DIAL
[Aug., 1889.
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LAUG 1854
THE DIAL
Vol. X.
AUGUST, 1889.
----
No. 112.
- ----
CONTENTS.
THE WINNING OF THE WEST. Frederick J.
Turner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
SOME CHARMING CORRESPONDENCE. Alexan-
der Caldwell ............. 73
AMERICAN LITERATURE. Horatio N, Powers . 76
INDOOR STUDIES. Edward Playfair Anderson . 78
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 81
Sorel's Montesquieu. Say's Turgot.- Marston's Our
Recent Actors.- Daudet's Recollections of a Liter
ary Man.-Zuchtmann and Kirtland's Choral Book
for Home, School, and Church.- Montgomery's The
Leading Facts of French History.- Lubbock's The
Pleasures of Life.- Genung's Handbook of Rhetori-
cal Analysis.
TOPICS IN AUGUST PERIODICALS ..... 83
BOOKS OF THE MONTH . ......... 84
THE WINNING OF THE WEST.*
America's historians have for the most part,
like the wise men of old, come from the East ;
and as a result our history has been written
from the point of view of the Atlantic coast.
Parkman has described the French occupation
of the Northwest, and H. H. Bancroft has pre-
served the materials for a history of the far
Southwest and the Pacific Slope. But the
American occupation of the Mississippi basin
has not found its historian. General United
States history should be built upon the fact
that the centre of gravity of the nation has
passed across the mountains into this great
region. To give to our history the new pro-
portions which this fact makes necessary, must
be the work of the younger generation of stu-
dents. It is a fertile field. The conflicts of
the pioneers with the Indians give opportunity
for romantic treatment almost unsurpassed.
Economic history finds here a rich harvest.
In this rise of a new industrial world, the eco-
nomic conditions of not only the older states
of our own country, but even of Europe,
have received important modifications. To
this valley, also, have come migrations from
the Old World such as can be compared
only with the great Wandering of the Peo-
ples — the Völkerwanderung — of the Middle
Ages. A new composite nationality is being
produced, a distinct American people, speak-
ing the English tongue, but not English. To
the student of politics, the West is also a
fruitful field. Here we have the almost unique
spectacle of heterogeneous peoples, in a new
land, forming self-governed communities, peace-
fully as regards each other, drafting constitu-
tions and growing into states of a federal un-
ion. Such are some of the features that make
the West so promising a region for study.
Nor must it be understood that this is an un-
broken field. Besides collections of original
authorities, many states have found their local
historians,—the earlier ones largely annalists,
without insight or scientific method, but some
of the later ones writing with a right per-
spective and knowledge of the significance of
their facts. But American history needs a
connected and unified account of the progress
of civilization across the continent. Aside
from the scientific importance of such a work,
it would contribute to awakening a real na- -
tional self-consciousness and patriotism.
To this work an important contribution has
just been made by Mr. Theodore Roosevelt in
his - Winning of the West.” In his two am-
ple volumes he traces this advance from the
Alleghanies to the Mississippi up to the close
of the Revolutionary war. His materials are
chiefly found in the archives of the federal
government, many of them never published,
and in manuscript collections, largely from
Tennessee and Kentucky. The Canadian ar-
chives and the Virginia State Papers have also
been consulted. While he makes use of the
local historians, he is wisely critical of their
dependence on tradition, a fault which has
marred much of the work hitherto done in
Western history. It is to be regretted that
the author has apparently not had access to
the very important collections of Dr. Lyman
C. Draper, of Wisconsin, whose accumulations
are probably superior to those of Mr. Durrett,
of Louisville, upon which he lays particular
stress. But if the material above mentioned
has been carefully used,—and this is a point
upon which only a specialist can speak with
authority,—we have in these volumes the first
* THE WINNING OF THE WEST. By Theodore Roosevelt,
author of “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman." In two volumes.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


72
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
really satisfactory history of the field they quest was the work of a whole people, he does
cover. It is certainly a wonderful story, most not fail to take advantage of the picturesque
entertainingly told. In breadth of view, capac- careers of the leaders in this advance. “ Above
ity for studying local history in the light of the throng of wood-choppers, game hunters,
world history, and in knowledge of the critical and Indian fighters, loom the sinewy figures of
use of material, the author has a decided ad Daniel Boon and George Rogers Clark.” A
vantage over most of his predecessors. He whole procession of heroic men pass before us,
sees that this Western advance is one stage Sevier, Shelby, Robertson, Simon Kenton, the
in the great movement that began with the Indian Logan, and a host of lesser worthies
Germanic wanderings—namely, the spread of whose adventures read like a romance, and
the English-speaking peoples. His generaliza yet not so like a romance as in the works of
tions are bold, frequently novel, and not sel some other writers who depend more upon tra-
dom open to criticism. Briefly stated, his ditions, in which these men have suffered a
main thesis seems to be this: The dominant ele- kind of apotheosis. A wide variety of societies
ment in the settlement of Kentucky and Ten is described. There is an excellent account of
nessee was composed of Scotch-Irish pioneers, the Indians, to whose influence upon our his-
the large majority of whom came from Penn tory he justly attaches great importance. The
sylvania, following the trend of the valleys. French of the Northwest are discussed in chap-
These settlers found themselves in a country ters excellent so far as they go; but the subject
lying between two great Indian confederacies, deserves a fuller treatment. Upon the life of
the Algonquin and the Appalachian tribes, the backwoodsmen he dwells with appreciation.
but permanently occupied by neither. Thus He describes their forted village, in which re-
the Americans were able to push westward be appear the old Germanic 6 tun,” their popular
tween them. The victory of the backwoods meetings, “ folk-moots,” and their representa-
men over the northwestern Indians in Lord tive assemblies, “witenagemots,” meeting like
Dunmore's war rendered possible the settle-| the Transylvania legislature, “without the walls
ment of Kentucky, and the Kentuckians, under of the fort, on a level plain of white clover
the leadership of George Rogers Clark, con under a grand old elm," and drawing up con-
quered the Illinois country in the Revolution, stitutions like those Articles of the Wautauga
and thus enabled us to hold the Northwest. Association, which is the “first written consti-
But the Northwest was only settled under the tution ever adopted west of the mountains, or
protection of the regular army, and was or by a community composed of American-born
ganized by the Ordinance of 1787, which freemen.” These facts carry the mind back
fixed beforehand the character of the settle to the warrior-legislatures in the Germanic for-
ment. The Southwest and the West, on the ests, and forward to those constitutional con-
other hand, were won by these backwoodsmen | ventions now at work in our newly-made states
and their descendants, fighting as individuals in the Far West; and they make us proud of
or groups of individuals, “ hewing out their our English heritage.
own fortunes in advance of any governmental | The stirring history of the founding and
action.”
growth of the Wautauga commonwealth and the
“Our territory lying beyond the Alleghanies, north Cumberland settlements, which were the germs
and south, was first won for us by the southwesterners,
of Tennessee, and of the rise and struggles of
fighting for their own land. ... They warred and
settled from the high hill-valleys of the French Broad
the Kentucky settlements, are well told. The
and the Upper Cumberland to the half-tropical basin author gives an account of Lord Dunmore's war,
of the Rio Grande, and to where the Golden Gate lets showing how the Westerners were drawn into
through the long-heaving waters of the Pacific. The the current of the Revolution by civil war on
story of how this was done forms a compact and con-
the borders, and Indian outbreaks incited by
tinuous whole. The fathers followed Boon or fought
at King's Mountain; the sons marched south with Jack-
the British. He points out the two-fold char-
son to overcome the Creeks, and beat back the British; | acter of the Revolution, as, on the part of the
the grandsons died at the Alamo, or charged to victory | Americans, a struggle for independence in the
at San Jacinto. They were doing their share of a work
East, and in the West a war for the right of
that began with the conquest of Britain, that entered
entry into the fertile and vacant regions be-
on its second and wider period after the defeat of the
Spanish Armada, that culminated in the marvellous
yond the Alleghanies. The story of the expe-
growth of the United States. The winning of the West dition of George Rogers Clark is given at some
and Southwest is a stage in the conquest of a continent.” | length, with the aid of the Haldimand manu-
While thus the author holds that this con- l scripts, which have but recently become avail-


1889.)
73
THE DIAL
able. He does not mention the British and as these latter themselves subdued and drove
Indian attack upon St. Louis, although it out their foes, the former took but an insignif-
would support his view of the importance at icant part in the contest by which the possess-
taching to the military possession of the region ion of their land was secured ”; and he adds
at the close of the war. The battle of King's that “ The Southwest developed its civilization
Mountain is discriminatingly treated; and the on its own lines, for good and for ill; the
fate of the Moravian Indians is related, with Northwest was settled under the national Ordi-
the extenuating features set down.
nance of 1787, which absolutely determined
But little space is left for criticism, and its destiny, and thereby, in the end, also deter-
that must be chiefly concerning some of the mined the destiny of the whole nation.” Now
author's generalizations upon the Northwest. Mr. Roosevelt must be aware that these Mari-
In his assertion that our chartered rights to etta settlers were veterans who had fought the
the West were really of slight importance as battles of their country under Washington in
compared with actual occupation and conquest the East, with a courage and endurance as
such as that of George Rogers Clark, Mr. great as that of those who had been fighting
Roosevelt is doubtless correct; but when he at the same time beyond the mountains. But
goes on to insist that but for this conquest we for the success of them and their comrades we
should probably never have had any North- should not merely have had no West, but no
west to settle, he jumps at a conclusion. The country. And it was these same veterans,
careful student of the treaty negotiations of ragged and penniless in the camp at Newburg
1782–3 cannot fail to see that, although Con at the close of the war, that drew up the first
gress instructed her representatives to urge plan for a new state beyond the Ohio, a plan
our claims to this territory primarily upon our that contained every important feature of the
chartered rights, and, as a secondary resort, Ordinance of 1787. They formed the Ohio
upon our military possession, yet what really Company, and to the efforts of their agent
gained the land for us was the willingness of was largely due the passage of the Ordinance
Lord Shelburne to adopt Franklin's suggestion in its final form. Surely, it is only fair to say
of a liberal peace as a means of reconciliation. that these men took a most significant part in
Clark's expedition played no part in the nego the contest by which their land was secured,
tiations, and before Parliament Lord Shel and that they too developed their civilization
burne defended his cession on the ground that on their own lines.
the fur trade of the Northwest did not pay for It is the merit of Mr. Roosevelt's book that
holding it. The author follows Mr. John Jay he has given us a vivid portraiture of the back-
in minimizing the value of Franklin's work woodsman's advance, that he treats impartially
and exalting that of Jay. In this he is in and sensibly the relations of the pioneers and
error ; the note on page 90 of the second vol the Indians whom they dispossessed, that he has
ume being particularly misleading, and full of applied a scientific method of criticism to the
misapprehension. It is beyond doubt that so material already existing, and that he writes in
far as concerns the grounds on which our the light of the widest significance of the events
boundaries were conceded, Jay followed the which he describes. .
policy previously adopted by Franklin. Nor
FREDERICK J. TURNER.
can we agree with the author that the map-
makers are wrong in including the Northwest
SOME CHARMING CORRESPONDENCE.*
within our bounds by the treaty of 1783. It
is true that our legal possession did not become It is curious how little readers, as a general
actual possession until Jay's treaty had secured thing, think about the make-up of the books
the fulfilment of the terms of the first treaty; they read. If a man rides in a carriage he
but this is quite another matter. Moreover, is concerned about whether it is comfortable
Mr. Roosevelt is inconsistent with his own or no, and whether its springs are or are not
view of this matter in the various parts of his easy. If he sits in a chair, he thinks whether
work. He unduly emphasizes the importance its cushions are soft, or whether its back has
of the Southwestern as compared with North- an agreeable slant. If he drinks out of a cup,
western pioneers. He asserts that the trials he has his opinion of its handle, of its shape,
of the settlers about Marietta “ are not to be * THE CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN LOTHROP Motley,
mentioned beside those endured by the early
D.C.L., author of "The History of the United Netherlands,"
etc. Edited by George William Curtis. With Portrait. In
settlers of Tennessee and Kentucky, and where- two volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers.


74
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
and of its weight and thickness. He prefers One does not read far before he gets the
the easy-springed carriage, the well-stuffed idea that John Lothrop Motley was from ear-
chair, the light and well-shaped cup. But a liest youth to latest manhood essentially a gen-
book, that medium of his highest pleasure, tleman. This is seen in every letter, and does
may be awkward, burdensome, and ill-made, not need the further and irrefutable evidence
and he thinks little of it. The author may that breathes from the gentle and lofty coun-
have done his part well, and the publisher may tenance in the portrait that precedes the first
have done his part ill; but the reader rarely volume. It is a beautiful face, and one that
thinks that the effect produced is partly the could not conceal mean or ignoble thoughts.
result of the work of both author and pub It is the countenance of a man who would be
lisher—that the author's thought and style likely to deserve better of his country than,
may be marred by the publisher's setting, just politically, she gave. Probably no one doubts
as the brilliance of a beautiful diamond may now that he ably and faithfully represented
be obscured by an unskilful jeweller.
the best interests of his country, both at the
Many of our books of to-day are atrocious, court of Austria and at that of Great Britain,
and make almost as unpleasant reading as a and that his statesmanship was as well calcu-
newspaper; but nothing of that kind can be lated to reflect honor upon the American char-
said of the volumes containing the correspond acter as his histories upon American literature.
ence of John Lothrop Motley. Here are two O democracy, what sins are committed in
sumptuous old-style royal octavos, with creamy, thy name! and how sure it is that in history
heavy paper, good, large type, broad margins, at least those sins will find thee out! The
and a binding that opens well, and, if need be, names of Seward and Grant would stand
will lie open. They are models of their kind ; to-day more unblemished if the resignation of
but whether their kind is the best, must admit Mr. Motley from the Vienna mission had not
of question. Such large volumes seem rather been made necessary, and if his recall from
to belong to the past of book-making than to the English mission had not been signed. It
the present. Books must become cheap, and is dangerous for even those having the highest
the cost is against the royal octavos ; but be temporary authority to trifle with the rights
sides that, they are cumbersome and unhandy. of men who hold an unquestionable and endur-
Let us have, for the books of to-day, good, ing place in public esteem. The nation has
compact, convenient, well-made twelvemos and always been pleased when such scholars as
sixteenmos; cheap, but not too cheap to be Everett, Adams, Irving, Motley, Bancroft and
printed on good paper from clear type, with a Lowell have been called to represent it abroad.
carefully-proportioned page, and substantially What a pity we cannot now find one such name
and neatly bound; cheap, but not too cheap on our diplomatic list!
to afford a good royalty to the author, be he If there are any persons left who perhaps
an American or a foreigner.
still have a lingering recollection that the
The Letters of John Lothrop Motley make a “McCracken letter” called Mr. Motley “un-
book for the leisurely hour. They are not to American,” they will find much refreshing
be taken up between the newspaper and the reading in this volume. It would be hard to
day's work; but for the vacant day, or the find anywhere more beautiful, inspiring, and
long, quiet evening, how delightful! We get eloquent patriotism than breathes out in many
from them all the charm of the easy, familiar of his private letters. At the breaking out of
companionship of a gentleman of refinement the war he was on fire with the patriotic feel-
and culture—a man used to all the surround ing: he could write of little else.
ings of wealth, yet never concerned about
“Now that we have overthrown that party, and now
money or luxury, content with his modest share
that we are struggling to maintain our national exist-
of this world's goods, and devoted to all the ence, and with it, liberty, law, and civilization, against
best things of life—to gentlemanlike conduct, the insurrection which that overthrow has excited, we
to broad and honest views of public affairs, to
are treated to the cold shoulder of the mother country,
quite as decidedly as if she had never had an opinion
books, to men, to art. It is very evident that
or a sentiment on the subject of slavery, and as if the
his great histories were not written with any
greatest war of principle which has been waged in this
thought of the money they might bring,— in generation at least was of no more interest to her, except
deed, with no expectation of money; and that
as it bore on the cotton question, than the wretched
when they did become remunerative that fea-
squabbles of Mexico or South America.”
ture of them had little thought from him. 1 In the midst of a gossipy letter from Boston
.


1889.]
THE DIAL
75
=
to his wife, who was in London, we find this terspersed among most familiar ones from such
impulsive paragraph :
a different character as Prince Bismarck. Of
“ As for my true friend Murray [John Murray, the | Bismarck and his family we get most delightful
publisher], I am ashamed not to have written him a glimpses ; as, for instance, this:
line ; but tell him, with my best regards to him and
“The Bismarcks are as kind as ever—nothing can be
Mrs. M., that I have scarcely written to anyone but
more frank or cordial than their manners. I am there
you. If you see him, tell him what I think of our pol-
all day long. It is one of those houses where everyone
itics. It will distress his bigoted Tory heart to think
does what one likes. The show apartments where they
that the great Republic has not really gone to pieces ;
receive formal company are on the front of the house.
but he must make up his mind to it, and so must Sir
Their living-rooms, however, are a salon and dining-
John Ramsden. The only bubble that will surely
room at the back, opening upon the garden. Here
burst is the secession bubble.”
there are young and old, grandparents and children and
In a letter to his wife and daughters, written
dogs all at once, eating, drinking, smoking, piano-play-
after visiting the camps near Washington, he
ing, and pistol-firing (in the garden), all going on at
the same time. It is one of those establishments where
speaks of a regiment and of names that were
every earthly thing that can be eaten or drunk is
afterward heard of.
offered you, porter, soda water, small beer, champagne,
“Of these, the crack one is Gordon's regiment—the
burgundy or claret are about all the time, and every-
Massachusetts Second. Lawrence Motley is one of the
body is smoking the best Havana cigars every minute.”
first lieutenants in this corps, and you would be as His own modesty is very delightfully shown
pleased as I was to see what a handsome, soldierly fel-
in one sentence about Madame de Bismarck.
low he is. And there is no boy’s-play before his regi-
ment, for it is the favorite one. All the officers are of
It occurs in a letter to his wife.
the jeunesse doree of Boston-Wilder Dwight, young “She is so amiable, gentle, and agreeable in every
Quincy, Harry Russell, Bob Shaw, Harry Higginson, way that I feel as if we had been ten years acquainted.
of Dresden memory, and others whose names would be She and her mother have both assured me over and
familiar to you, are there, and their souls are in their over again that Bismarck was nearly out of his wits
work. No one doubts that the cause is a noble and a with delight when he saw my card. I should certainly
holy one; and it is certainly my deliberate opinion that not say such a thing to anybody but you ; but you and I
there was never a war more justifiable and more inev are not so overburdened with self-esteem but that we
itable in history.
may afford to tell each other the truth in such matters,
“We went to the camp to see the parade. To my and it really gives me pleasure to know that a man of
unsophisticated eye there was little difference between whom I think so highly has such a warm and sincere
these young volunteers and regular soldiers. But of friendship for me.”
course, my opinion is of little worth in such matters.
In a letter to Dr. Holmes he gives a graphic
I had a good deal of talk with Colonel Gordon. He is
about thirty I should think. He graduated first in his
picture of Brussels where he read and studied
class at West Point-served through the Mexican war, so long, and of the way in which its streets
and is, I should think, an excellent soldier. He is very had become to him filled and pervaded with
handsome, very calm and gentle in manner, with a de-
the great spirits of the past :
termined eye. You will watch, after this, with espe-
cial interest, the career of the Massachusetts Second.”
“I do not know whether you ever were in Brussels.
It is a striking, picturesque town, built up a steep
Whether he had an outspoken opinion about promontory, the old part at the bottom, very dingy and
slavery or no is made manifest in a multitude mouldy, the new part at the top, very showy and ele-
of significant passages; but one will do to
gant. Nothing can be more exquisite in its way than
the Grande Place, in the very heart of the city, sur-
quote:
rounded with those toppling, zigzag, ten-storied build-
“When I say that nothing is known about America, ings, bedizzened all over with ornaments and emblems
I am wrong. Everybody knows that slavery exists so peculiar to the Netherlands, with the brocaded
there, for everybody in Germany has read · Uncle Tom's Hôtel de Ville on one side, with its impossible spire,
Cabin.' I am glad of it, because I believe the only way rising some three hundred and seventy feet into the
the curse is ever to be taken from the nation is by cre air, and embroidered on the top with the delicacy of
ating such an atmosphere all round the Slave States needlework, sugarwork, spiderwork, or what you will.
that a slaveholder may not be able to thrust his nose I haunt this place because it is my scene, my theatre.
outside his own door without scenting that the rankness Here were enacted so many deep tragedies, so many
of his offence is tainting every wind of heaven."
stately dramas, and even so many farces, which have
been so familiar to me so long, that I have got to imag-
The letters are full of allusions to interest-
ine myself invested with a kind of property in the
ing people of all sorts, literary people, men in place, and look at it as if it were merely the theatre
high positions in the political and social world, with the coulisses, machinery, drapery, etc., for repre-
and royalties and nobilities. We are surprised senting scenes which have long since vanished, and
to see what warm and unaffected friendships
which no more enter the minds of men and women who
are actually moving across its pavements than if they
he had among the really great of both Europe
had occurred in the moon. When I say that I know
and America. Letters to him from such men no soul in Brussels I am perhaps wrong. With the
as Holmes and Lowell appear in the book in- | present generation I am not familiar. En revanche the


76
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dead men of the place are my intimate friends. I am often dull, having a valuable historic character
at home in any cemetery. With the fellows of the six-
and preserving the records of a great deal that
teenth century I am on the most familiar terms. Any
ghost that ever fits by night across the moonlight
was peculiar in the career of the colonists
square is at once hailed by me as a man and a brother. and their descendents and the evolution of our
I call him by his Christian name at once.”
institutions till the government was fully estab
Once in a while you come across such little lished. With Bryant, the vital poetry of Amer-
bits of humor as this :
ica, which only occasionally before him had
"His Majesty is a mild old gentleman, wadded and
struck a true note, began. Emerson, Long-
bolstered into very harmonious proportions. He has a
fellow, Whittier, and Poe kept up the strain
single tooth, worn carelessly on one side, which some on diverse keys and with new variations, but
what interferes with his eloquence. I do not think never rose above it. The current of literary
that I took notes enough of his conversation to be able
activity widened, took new directions, and cre-
to give you a report. He was glad to hear in answer
to a question that I proposed passing the winter here.
ated fresh features in the landscape of the
And as I felt how much unalloyed satisfaction the cir world of letters. Books multiplied, readers
cumstance must really cause to his bosom, I internally | increased, a juster and more capable criticism
resolved not to change my plan.”
arose, and a higher standard of general excel-
If you are going for a week in the country, lence was reached in all departments of imag-
take these two volumes with you, in spite of inative composition. The editors of these
their bulk and weight. They will tempt your volumes have evidently been embarrassed by
soul as far away from the trivialities of the the wealth of their material, but they have not
newspapers, from the worries of business, from lost the true scent for what is suitable for such
the nonsensical verbiage of briefs, as your a compilation as the great one on which they
body is from the dust of the city. Your soul are engaged. We shall never cease to admire
needs rest and refreshment as well as your the accurate scholarship, the good taste, and
frame; and here you will find it. You will the fine discrimination that distinguish these
scarcely get into sweeter and purer air by selections, and which have conspicuous illustra-
going up in a balloon. But that everyone may tion through the whole series. When so little
enjoy them, let us beg the publishers to make space can be afforded to even a copious writer,
haste to give us these charming letters in a to put one's finger on a few passages, or per-
lighter, cheaper, and more portable form. haps a single article, that fairly indicate his
ALEXANDER CALDWELL.
special qualities, requires, in addition to suffi-
cient knowledge, an insight, a particular gift,
=
which, to say the least, is exceedingly uncom-
mon. But this has been done with an unerr-
AMERICAN LITERATURE.*
ing judgment in this compilation. It is not to
The seventh and eighth volumes of Sted-
be denied that in many instances other selec-
man's and Hutchinson's “ Library of Amer-
tions equally deserving might have been chos-
ican Literature,” which are now before us,
en, but none, we venture to say, could give in
represent, upon the whole, perhaps the most
the same compass what more fairly interprets
interesting period of the literature of the Re-
the prime characteristics of their respective
public. They do not, it is true, contain a
authors.
majority of the greatest names that have given
Oliver Wendell Holmes leads the list of
distinction to our literature, but they mark a
writers included in the seventh volume. His
more general culture, a wider diffusion of the
space is not stinted, and contains a brilliant
creative spirit, a more varied and independent
extract from his “Elsie Venner,” also - The
intellectual productiveness, and a broader scope
Chambered Nautilus," " Iris," “ Dorothy Q.,"
of literary activity, which have developed with
“ On Lending a Punch Bowl," “ The Last
our national progress during the present cen-
Leaf,” and other pieces, in which the wise
tury. The earliest volumes -— say the first two
humor, the serious philosophy, the gentle ban-
or three of the series—had an engaging inter-
ter and the fine poetic vein of the wit and
est aside from their literary quality, which was
sage are naturally disclosed. Enough is given
of the sarcastic and resolute spirit, the wide
A LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE. From the learning and swift eloquence of Wendell
Earliest Settlement to the Present Time. Compiled and
Edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman and Ellen Mackay Phillips to mark the irrepressible individuality
Hutchinson. In Ten Volumes. Vols. VII. and VIII. New
of the man. Charles Sumner appears in
York : Charles L. Webster and Company. (W. E, Dibble &
Co., Chicago.)
extracts from his noble speeches, " A Crime


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1889.]
THE DIAL
77
graphic del Sacredness buture Punishmi
au ing in the Philist by O. Ble relaide - On Bophie
polished We have a taste The Fisher Boy? Closing Scene.mobyonald G. Mitchell: Hale;
to these paparsons.shed rhete Shakes. Web-
Against Kansas ” and “On the Admission of Bigelow, John Weiss, James Freeman Clarke,
Kansas,” and in other strong passages. In Philip Schaff, Thomas Dunn English, Samuel
several short poems by Frances Sargent Osgood Longfellow, W. T. Sherman, U. S. Grant,
appears what is most peculiar to her muse. James Headley, Henry A. Raymond, Charles
Some of the choice work of Harriet Beecher Astor Bristed, John C. Fremont, Noah Porter,
Stowe is given in “ Eliza's Flight,” “The Samuel Osgood, John W. Draper, Susan War-
Other World,” and “ The Minister's House- ner, Sarah Roberts, Philip Pendleton Cooke,
keeper." Horace Greeley has sixteen pages, R. S. Storrs, Alice Cary, B. J. Lossing, Henry
which show him in his various mental atti James, Maria White Lowell, and other well-
tudes, genuine qualities, and remarkable gifts. known names have place in this volume, the
The wonderful spontaneity, the large and rich majority being represented by a single ex-
religious spirit, the manly courage and patriot ample.
ism of Henry Ward Beecher are vividly seen The eighth volume opens with three extracts
in - The Battle Set in Array,” “ The Death of from Richard Grant White: “Shakespeare
Lincoln,” “ Concerning Future Punishment,” | the Dramatist," “ War in the Land of Uncle
and “ The Sacredness of the Bible.” In Sam,” and “ The Englishman's Typical Amer-
ican.” Then we have“ The Doctrine of
“ The Fall of Antwerp," and " William the Forces,” by E. L. Youmans; “ Emerson in
Silent," Mr. Motley reveals his noble dignity, His Study," by J. E. Cabot; “ Mother Mar-
polished workmanship, and trained historic gary,” by George S. Burleigh; - Travelling
sense. We have a taste of Thoreau in in the Desert,” by H. M. Field ; “ The Tran-
· Spring Beside Walden,” “ The Fisher Boy," scendentalist,” by O. B. Frothingham ; “ The
and - The Wellfleet Oysterman"; and of Closing Scene," by T. B. Read; “ On Books
Saxe's humor in “ The Way of the World” and Berries," by Donald G. Mitchell; “ The
and - The Briefless Barrister.” Some of W. Man Without a Country," by E. E. Hale ;
E. Channing's most expressive work is found “The Apotheosis of Voltaire," by James Par-
in these pages, and several fine productions of ton; “ Southern Manners and Slavery,” by
Thos. W. Parsons. Edwin P. Whipple's crit- Fred. Law Olmsted; “ The Solitude of Oc-
ical faculty and finished rhetoric are evident cupation,” by W. R. Alger ; and “ Choose," .
in such examples as “ The Shakesperian by Sarah J. Lippincott. Francis Parkman,
World,” “ The Judicious Hooker," and "Web whose brilliant histories give such lustre to
ster as a Master of English Style.” Lowell is American literature, is represented by four
treated to liberal space, and we have many extracts, namely, “ New England and New
specimens of his serious, amusing, and in France," " The Vengeance of Dominique de
structive composition — his charming poems, Gourgues,” “The Coureurs-de-Bois," and "The
his sound political doctrines, his fun and Heights of Abraham.” Among the examples
pathos, his penetrating criticism, and his ro of T. W. Higginson are “ American Litera-
bust patriotism. Here are “ She Came and ture," " A Song of Days,” and - Waiting for
Went,” - The Courtin'," " The Pious Editor's the Bugle.” Mrs. Elizabeth Stoddard's “ A
Creed,” “What Mr. Robinson Thinks,” “Abra Summer Night” and “ A Wreck on the
ham Lincoln,” - The First Snow Fall," "Argu White Flat ” are happily chosen. There are
ment for a Reform Party,” and “ In Defense several extracts from George W. Curtis's de-
of the Study of Greek,” which are not likely lightful papers, showing his earlier and later,
to die. Following are W. W. Story's “ Cleo but always graceful, style, and the charm of
patra," Herman Melville's “In the Prison his political as well as his purely literary pro-
Pen," J. G. Holland's - Interludes from · Bit- ductions. The selections from Bayard Taylor
ter Sweet,'” Henry Howard Brownell's " Let are capital, including “ The Song of the
Us Alone,” and Julia Ward Howe's “ Battle Camp," “ The Bedouin Song,” and passages
Hymn of the Republic.” Walt Whitman is from his - Centennial Ode” and “ Prince
here at his best in “ The Large Hearts of Deucalion." R. H. Stoddard will have no rea-
Heroes," " And Still I Mount and Mount," son to complain of the fine array of his poems
“O) Captain! My Captain,” “ Ethiopia Salut- on these pages, and his admirers will be
ing the Colors," • Out of the Cradle Endlessly pleased to see such favorites as "The Flight
Rocking,” “() Vast Rondure," and "Joy, of Youth," “ The Shadow,” and “ Abraham
Shipmate, Joy.” Parke Godwin, John Jay, Lincoln.” Margaret J. Preston is honored
Evart A. Duyckink, W. H. Channing, John l with four extracts, and the best talents of


78
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
Stephen C. Foster, the popular song-writer, Boy,” “ Dixie,” “ The Bonnie Blue Flag,"
have expression in his “ Old Folks at Home,” When this Cruel War is Over,” and “When
“ Massa's in the Cold Ground,” “ Nelly Bly," Johnnie Comes Marching Home.”
and “ My Old Kentucky Home.” Among The size of these books, numbering 582
the writings of Rose Terry Cooke we have and 602 pages, respectively, suggests the high
Blue Beard's Closet” and - The Deacon's quality of the writings of those authors who
Week”; of J. T. Trowbridge, “ The Vaga have a right here to representation. The two
bonds,” and of Fitz James O'Brien, “From volumes which are yet to come to complete the
the Diamond Lens.” “What I Know About set will doubtless be as bulky as these, and we
Gardening ” and “A Mountain Tragedy" suspect that some deserving writers will be
will, of course, be found in the examples by entirely excluded simply on account of insuffi-
Charles Dudley Warner; and so, too, are here cient space.
“ A Poem of the South Winds” and “ Love's The portraits in these volumes are a decided
Autumn," by Paul H. Hayne. Helen Hunt improvement on some of the others. The
Jackson, whose lovely genius makes her death seventh volume contains engravings on steel
so lamented; and Louisa M. Alcott, beloved of of J. R. Lowell and Oliver Wendell Holmes,
thousands, whose grave is still fresh ; Amelia and fourteen on wood, among which are Noah
E. Barr, Lucy Larcom, Julia C. R. Dorr, Mary Porter, Greeley, Beecher, Motley, Parsons,
L. Booth, Martha J. Lamb, Mary V. Terhune, Thoreau, Julia Ward Howe, and Walt Whit-
Mary B. Dodge, and other well-known names man. In the eighth volume are presented ad-
of female writers are not forgotten. Of those mirable steel engravings of Francis Parkman
who have distinguished reputation in political and Bayard Taylor ; and among the wood cuts
science, theology, law, and letters are Edward are portraits of Richard Grant White, Don-
Atkinson, David A. Wells, Carl Schurz, J. G. ald G. Mitchell, Edward Everett Hale, Thos.
Blaine, E. L. Godkin, James A. Garfield, D. | Wentworth Higginson, George William Curtis,
C. Gilman, Andrew D. White, George P. Richard Henry Stoddard, Charles Dudley War-
Fisher, W. D. Whitney, John Esten Cooke, ner, and Helen Fiske Jackson.
W. J. Stillman, Charles Nordhoff, Alexander
Horatio N. POWERS.
Winchell, Lewis Wallace, Charles G. Leland,
Henry C. Work, and Thomas Starr King of
blessed memory. A good many names are
INDOOR STUDIES.*
omitted in this notice which deserve the high
reputation they have earned, and some of
One finds much to commend in “ Indoor
whose writings are of as fine a quality as
Studies,” the latest book of John Burroughs.
those which are far better known to the
There is a directness, a genuineness about it,
public.
a sincerity, and—except, perhaps, in one essay
One interesting feature of this volume is its
-a geniality, a sweetness of temper, that are
collection of “ Negro Hymns and Songs,"
delightful. Yet Mr. Burroughs has his likes
which have entertained and amused, and to a
and dislikes; and, as he informs us, his personal
certain degree, nobody knows how extensively,
predilections influence his judgment. While
refreshed and moved thousands of souls. An
taking soundings in the sea of literature, he
adequate account of our literature would lack
always keeps sight of the plummet of his
a significant element without them. On these
preference, even when he does not see to the
pages are “ Roll, Jordan, Roll,” “ Swing Low,
bottom of his subject. His characteristics
Sweet Chariot,” - Bright Sparkles in the
are well illustrated by the ingenious little essay
Churchyard,” “ Stars Begin to Fall," "In that
on“ Little Spoons vs. Big Spoons.” It is
Great Gettin' Up Mornin',” “ Away Down
pleasant and suggestive reading (though some
Sunbury," and “ Charlestown Gals.”
may object that the author makes too much of
- The Popular Songs and Ballads” of the
his mare's-nest that, since English spoons are
Civil War had much to do in stimulating and
bigger than American spoons, a comparison of
sustaining patriotic feeling and purpose, and
everything else in the two countries must re-
the records of our great conflict would be in-
veal a corresponding difference); and it states
complete in their omission. Here are some of
a legitimate point of contrast between British
the most characteristic and influential, and * INDOOR STUDIES. By John Burroughs, author of “Wake
among them are, “ Three Hundred Thousand
Robin,"? " Winter Sunshine," " Birds and Poets," "Fresh
Fields," "Signs and Seasons,” etc., etc. Boston: Houghton,
More," “ The Fancy Shot,” “ The Soldier | Mifflin & Co.


1889.]
79
THE DIAL
men of letters and American men of letters.
one : but he exhibited at all times the traits which the
But it goes no farther; it fails to state the
world has consented to call great. He bequeathed to
mankind an enormous intellectual force and weight of
reason why American authors have not the
character, embodied in enduring literary forms."
sturdier qualities of the British. The reason,
I take it, is not that we lack strong men in
The italics are mine. Now, without dwell-
America, but simply that there is a greater
ing upon the fact that nothing is “ more excep-
demand for them in fields other than that of
tional ” than the genius of Shakespeare and
letters. We have plenty of stalwart men in
Milton, and that not even they are more
law and politics, -- strong-brained as well as
“ purely literary poets” than Goethe, I would
strong-bodied, but stalwart men of letters
reply that in spite of all this hyperbole about
are rare. How can we tell what our Webster,
Carlyle, those who were convinced before will
our Sumner, our Lincoln, our Phillips, might
remain convinced still of Matthew Arnold's
have done if, under conditions more favorable
correctness when he intimated that Carlyle
to literature than to politics, they had given
and Emerson are greatest,—not as poets, as
themselves to the former mistress with the
philosophers, or as literary men,—but as in-
same zealous and undivided devotion that they
spirers, as moral and mental stimulators, as
showed to the latter? Ought we to complain
furnishers of working ideals and principles, -
that men without the commanding qualities of
in a word, as preachers and educators. Other
body and mind to serve their country in poli-
preachers and educators, to perform a similar
tics have served it in poetry instead?
office, the next age will need. When a great
One can not help thinking these “ Indoor
preacher or educator dies, no matter how num-
Studies ” most successful where they deal with
erous may be the printed discourses, another
outdoor subjects,— as in the latter part of the
is called to take his place. Carlyle, who is
essay on Thoreau and in the one on Gilbert
above compared to electricity, is more than
once praised by Mr. Burroughs for the reality,
White's Book, and least successful where
they treat of Matthew Arnold, the colossal
the lifelikeness of his histories ; but is it not
representative of the classical and academic,
rather with a galvanic semblance of life and
or of Victor Hugo, the gigantic champion of
reality that Carlyle's dead , men walk again
the mediæval and romantic.
amid the weirdly intense brightness and the
In reply to Arnold's statement of the limi-
horribly black shadow cast by the suspended
tations of Carlyle and Emerson, Mr. Bur-
arc lamp of this petulant electric marvel ?
Mr. Burroughs, while condemning Hugo
roughs says:
for his more than French intensity and
“Purely literary poets like Shakespeare and Milton,
“ stageyness ” (no other word will answer),
priceless as they are, are of less service to mankind in
an age like ours, when religion is shunned by the relig.
does not see that Carlyle's electrical displays
ious soul, than the more exceptional poets and writers, like and Thoreau's exaggerations are respectively
Goethe and Carlyle, or Wordsworth and Emerson- | English and American forms of the same
the wise physicians and doctors who also minister to
thing-a departure from truth and simplicity
our wants as moral and spiritual beings. The type of
for the sake of greater force and effectiveness.
men of which Emerson and Carlyle are the most pro-
nounced and influential examples in our own time, it If he could have treated this surface quality
must be owned, are comparatively a new turn-up in of Hugo's style with the same allowance that
literature,- men whose highest distinction is the depth he has shown for Emerson's love of the unex-
and fervor of their moral conviction ; whose greatness
pected and dazzling, he might have found full
of character is on a par with their greatness of intel-
lect ; a new style of man writing poems, essays, criti-
as much of the creative and heroic in Hugo as
cisms, histories, and filling these forms with a spirit in Emerson ; and he certainly would not have
and a suggestiveness far more needful and helpful to permitted Hugo's eccentricities to affect him
us in these times than the mere spirit of perfection in
as a red rag does a turkey-gobbler or a bull.
letters—the classic spirit which Mr. Arnold himself so
He would not have called Hugo a “ malformed
assiduously cultivates. To say that Carlyle is not a
great writer, or, more than that, a supreme literary giant," a “mad-dog nature”; would not have
artist, is to me like denying that Angelo and Rem allowed his gun to grow “ hotter than the shot
brandt were great painters, or that the sea is a great
which it throws,” so as to make us “ more con-
body of water. His life of herculean labor was en-
cerned for the writer than we are for his
tirely given to letters, and he undoubtedly brought to
his tasks the greatest single equipments of pure literary
enemy.” Indeed, when we read, —
talent English prose has ever received. Beside some of “ Close alongside of the sphere of the normal lies the
the men named by the lecturer - Arnold] his illuminat | sphere of the abnormal ; of the sane, lies the insane ;
ing power is like the electric light beside a tallow dip. of pleasure, lies disgust; of cohesion, lies dissolution;
Not a perfect writer certainly, nor always an agreeable 1 of the grotesque, lies the hideous ; of the sublime, lies


80
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
the ridiculous; of power, lies plethora; of sense, lies artistic conception that runs the length and breadth of
twaddle, etc. Take but a step sometimes and you pass any of his works; no unity of scheme or plan like that
from one to the other, from a shout to a scream, from of an architect or of a composer, that makes an inevit-
the heroic to the vainglorious. Victor Hugo, in his able whole of any of his books or essays; seldom a cen-
imaginative flights, is forever hovering about this divid- tral or leading idea of which the rest are but radiations
ing line, fascinated, spellbound by what lies beyond, and unfoldings. His essays are brilliant and startling
and in his reachings after it outraging the ó modesty of affirmations, or vaticinations with little or no logical
nature,' till the very soul blushes,”-
sequence.”
when we read this, we say to ourselves, “ Why Now just as in chemistry no new compound
all this vehemence? Everyone recognizes a cer can be made out of a single element, I do not
tain extravagance in Hugo's style sometimes ; understand how, short of Deity, there can be
why not point out calmly his excellences any creative composition without putting things
and his defects?” But when we compare together. If a “ central and leading idea,” if
this with what Mr. Burroughs says elsewhere “ logical sequence," if some degree of “ archi-
of Hugo,—" Yet it is impossible not to feel tectural completeness” are not essential to
the man's power, even in the poorest transla creative prose, what then is essential? None
tions of his books”—we begin to suspect that appears to deny that Victor Hugo has these
this step, this faux pas of which he speaks things, that Carlyle has these things, and that
above, has oftenest been detected by him in Emerson lacks them. Had Mr. Burroughs
the translator and not in Hugo himself. But been able to drop his plummet below the tur-
we need say little of the latter portion of the moil and froth of the surface, had he only been
essay on “ A Malformed Giant,” because Mr. able to condone Hugo's mannerism and ego-
Burroughs himself remarks in a note: “ Per tism, as he has condoned the mannerism and
haps I ought to apologize to my reader for egotism of Carlyle, he might have found in
the polemical tone of the latter part of this Hugo more of well-grounded optimism, more
essay.” To apologize would be all very well, of the spirit of liberty and of non-conformity,
but not when two other courses stood open more of the fire of genius, more of greatness
to suppress or to revise.
of soul, more of elemental force, than in any
Speaking of Emerson, Mr. Burroughs says: other writer since Milton.
“ Probably the best test of good prose is this : it is
But Milton himself, it seems, Mr. Bur-
always creative ; it begets in the mind of the reader a roughs also fails to appreciate. We are told :
deep and pervading sense of life and reality. . . .
“ It is hard to reconcile Arnold's criticism of Emer-
With all his brilliancy, I think Ruskin lacks the crea-
tive touch. Emerson falls short of it many times, but
son's poetry with what many of us feel to be its beauty
and value. It is irritating to Emersonians to be com-
at his best the creative power of the best prose was assur-
pelled to admit that his strain lacks any essential qual-
edly his.”
ity. I confess that I would rather have his poetry than
Elsewhere Mr. Burroughs says of Hugo :
all Milton, Couper, Gray, Byron, and many others ever
wrote; but doubtless in such a confession I am only
“ The bishop in Les Misérables’ is perhaps Hugo's
pointing out my own limitations as a reader of the
most serious attempt to paint (for he does not create) a poets. This is the personal estimate which Arnold
lofty character."
condemns."
Now there can be no question, it seems to In short, Mr. Burroughs would encourage
me, in the mind of anyone who will examine in us a careless ease and recklessness like that
both writers candidly, that Hugo has more of of his favorite Whitman, or an elaboration of
creative force than Emerson. Hugo's crea minute, brilliant, metallic sparks and flashes
tions may sometimes be like a mediæval trans like Emerson's, rather than a devouring pas-
formation of the “gorgons and hydras and sion, a sublime ardor for the production of a
chimeras dire ” of ancient mythology; but living and breathing creation, “perfect and
they are, none the less, creations. Emerson, entire, wanting nothing," like Milton's. I say
on the other hand, as Mr. Burroughs allows, Milton's, because his was no narrow, insular,
is almost incapable of consecutive thinking, or conventional perfection ; because, like Emer-
or, at least, of consecutive expression :
son, and Carlyle, and Hugo,—and more than
“ The weak place in him as a literary artist is proba- all of them,- he had and expressed the heroic
bly his want of continuity and the tie of association—a spirit ; because, like Emerson and Hugo,-
want which, as he grew old, became a disease, and led and more than they,—he had in every thew
to a break in his mind like that of a bridge with one of
and joint and sinew, and expressed in every
the piers gone, and his power of communication was
nearly or quite lost. Anything like architectural com-
line, our own national spirit of liberty, free-
pleteness Emerson did [sic] not possess. There is no l dom, and enfranchisement.


1889.]
81
THE DIAL
Mr. Burroughs's “ feminine idiosyncrasy," ness of a society where religion has come to be a
as he calls it, is best preserved, fostered, and phrase and morality an open jest, and the govern
fertilized, it seems, by intercourse with the un-
ment of the state is the partner of a colossal swin-
literary, by unliterary surroundings and con-
dler like Law. M. Sorel does full justice to Mon-
nections.
tesquieu's philosophy ; but some of us may suspect
that the great Gascon was a kindlier human figure
“Constant intercourse with bookish men and literary
than he has sketched. Turgot, who, a century ago,
circles, I think, would have dwarfed and killed my lit-
showed how the domain of wise statesmanship
erary faculty. This perpetual rubbing of heads to-
gether, as in the literary clubs, seems to result in liter-
merges in that of economics and sociology, finds an
ary sterility.”
able and sympathetic biographer in Léon Say, em-
inent alike as statesman and publicist. Readers
Yea, verily, one is reminded how Johnson,
who are familiar with the excellent essay on Turgot
Goldsmith, Burke, and their associates were written by Mr. John Morley (Miscellanies, ii. 41)
sterilized, forsooth, by their literary club;. how will value especially the present work, which brings
Shakespeare, Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and their out most prominently precisely those portions of
contemporaries lost all their fecundity by asso Turgot's activity which are rather cursorily passed
ciation ; how Macaulay, Hallam, and the rest, over by Mr. Morley,—such as Turgot's great ser-
could never meet without dropping some of
vices to the cause of “free labor,” which render the
year 1776 almost as memorable for France as for
their best things ; how our own Concord and
America. Turgot is one of the most beneficent, if
Cambridge authors were deprived of all in-
not the greatest, of French statesmen. After Mon-
dividuality by “rubbing of heads together.”
tesquieu, he is the most original and the soundest
I cherish the greatest admiration and respect
of French publicists. Montesquieu was emphatic-
for whatever our author may have revealed to ally the philosopher of the Old Régime, notwith-
us as an observer of nature; but as to his lit standing the fact that he was a precursor of the
erary criticism, I think,—making all due al Revolution. Turgot is, on the other hand, in
lowance for his evident honesty and sincerity, the best sense in advance of his time; he is, ac-
—that, on the whole, instead of thus going
cording to Say, the political philosopher of the
sharpshooting after the dead lions, Arnold and
nineteenth rather than of the eighteenth century.
Hugo, it might be better if John Burroughs,
He was a pronounced free-trader, and developed
the theory in a clear though summary way, years
like honest John Burns of Gettysburg,
before Adam Smith published his “Wealth of
“Shouldered his rifle, unbent his brows,
Nations.” While the volume on Turgot is, in a
And then went back to his bees and his cows.”'
sense, a study of French history, it deals largely
Let no narrow modernism cause us to forget with the great modern economic and social prob-
that we are heirs to the best legacies of all lems, and hence has a vital interest to readers of
the ages, no petty Chauvinism cause us to re to-day, especially in America. But perhaps the
fuse or to disparage the best gifts of any land. best lesson of all that the book contains is to be
found in Turgot's noble character, by virtue of
EDWARD PLAYFAIR ANDERSON.
which he has been justly compared to Washington.
If somewhat cold and austere, he was one of the
purest and most disinterested of men; he was the
BRIEFS ON NEW Books.
most social of men, taking the word in its relation
to organized society. Though a free-thinker, he
It is by rather a happy chance that Montesquieu
was the most truly Christian of men, for he literally
and Turgot are the subjects of companion volumes
gave himself for the benefit of his fellow-citizens.
in the series of Great French Writers,” translated
Had he possessed the ascendancy over his sovereign
by Professor Melville Anderson and published by A.
that Bismarck possessed over Wilhelm, could he
C. McClurg & Co. The authors of the two volumes
have felt behind him such a sovereign as Cavour
- M. Sorel and Léon Say—prove themselves as
relied upon, Turgot would have averted the French
aptly chosen for their tasks as have been their pre-
Revolution by making it unnecessary.
decessors in this admirable series. Sorel's style
has something of the large vigor and vividness of DR. WESTLAND MARSTON's “Our Recent Act-
Montesquieu's. He throws a grace and interest ors” (Roberts Brothers) is a substantial addition
over a subject which is only on the surface dull. to English stage literature, which, besides being a re-
Montesquieu's “ Spirit of the Laws” explains, even pository of sprightly anecdote and sound criticism,
more clearly than his “ Persian Letters," why the possesses the charm of a very agreeable style. The
French monarchy was doomed. His evasions, his author's first stage experience was in 1834, when,
transparent subterfuges of expression, are as inter as a boy of fifteen, he witnessed a play at Sadler's
esting as the kindred arts of Montaigne, who pro Wells Theatre. Since that time things histrionic
fesses belief in religion with a shrug of his shoul seem to have filled a fair share of his life, while
ders and a visible grimace. They show the hollow- ' his success as a playwright and ability as a critic


82
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
have secured for him the intimacy of those who, Provinces”; and, as a continuation of “ The Story
since Macready, have been the leading lights of the of my Books," some account of “ Numa Roum-
London theatres. The present volume is made up estan " and of " Les Rois en Exil.” Perhaps the
of recollections, critical and personal, of such distin best thing of all is a little paper on “ A Reading at
guished performers as Macready, Charles Kemble, Edmond de Goncourt's.” We can almost see the
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kean, Charles Matthews, Soth bereaved brotherless survivor, with hair prema-
ern, and a host of other by-gone favorites, together turely gray,—" the gray that has been fair,”—
with incidental notices of living actors. American seated at the working-table, long and wide, the
readers will be especially interested in the chapter on brotherly table made for two, where death also
Charlotte Cushman, of whose genius, and estimable came one day and seated himself as a third, carry-
qualities in private life, the author was an ardent | ing off the younger of the brothers, and brutally
admirer. Of her London début, in the character cutting short this unique collaboration.” The trans-
of Bianca, he writes : “ Those who, like the writer, lation is done in a free-and-easy style, and the lan-
were at the Princess's Theatre on the night when guage is fairly well chosen. From the translation
she made her debut in the tragedy of Fazio' of the essay on Parisian Nurses, however, it would
probably felt at first that an actress of a somewhat seem that a peasant woman going out as a wet-
round and capacious face, of a somewhat masculine nurse does not have milk, but “health” or “ moth-
figure, and of a grave voice, had not, spite of bril erly nourishment” instead. The mistress of the
liant and expressive eyes, been liberally endowed nurses' “ registry office,” in her enthusiasm, calls
for the stage. She had scarcely opened her lips, one nurse “a good milker"; but this, as it appears
however, than one high mental qualification — in from our translation, must be softened in English
tensity — became obvious. Entirely absorbed in to "a real treasure,” while much of the description
her part, to all seeming utterly unconscious of her that follows must be entirely omitted. Some of
audience, there was something in her concentration the best and purest things about motherhood can-
and self-absorption which suggested a strange re not be mentioned, forsooth, in our mother-tongue!
ligious parallel and made me think of her as the
devotee of the stage. . . As a display of the passion
It is to music lovers a sad fact but a conspicu-
of jealousy writhing under the torture of betrayal,
ous one, that our popular music is often weak, tran-
breaking down the reserve of pride, and hurrying
sient trash. Public concerts, church music, school
madly to revenge, Charlotte Cushman's Bianca, at
singing, the barrel-organist, are akin in purveying
the moment when she quitted the stage in the sec-
to the people poor, senseless jingles of tune not
ond act, will never fade from my memory.” Dr.
worth notice. Prominent among the causes of our
Marston's criticism has a pleasant favor of the
lack of refined musical sensibilities is the want of
Hunt-Hazlitt school; while in his earlier reminis-
good music in our homes, schools, and churches.
cences there is a decided touch of the affectionate
The flippant tunes our children hear tend toward
half-regretful tone of Lamb's papers on the old act-
the stunting of the musical sense. Americans love
ors. Modern terms of criticism he uses only under
music of some kind ; if they had half a chance
protest, as it were, and in one place he ironically
they would be fond of good music. It is otherwise
apologizes for a passage against which he feels that
in Germany, the land of noblest song. There the
a charge of “fine writing" may be brought. Dr.
child, in school, or church, or home, becomes famil-
Marston's tendency to “fine writing" — if any
iar with music which is classic in its perfection,
there be—springs from a generous enthusiasm and
from the standpoint of composition, though simple,
finely sympathetic nature ; and his readers are not
melodious and contagious. The religious music of
likely to find fault with it. “Our Modern Actors”
Germany is not transient tunes of a day, but music
is in every respect a worthy addition to stage annals.
which has been transmitted from father to son,
carrying and accumulating an immense force of
TO THE unquestionably great appetite of the association, which becomes a strong factor in its
public for personal gossip about people of distinc æsthetic value. Messrs. F. Zuchtmann and E. L.
tion, French authors, at least, cannot be accused of Kirtland, one the director of a conservatory, the
unwillingness to cater. In the same tone as his other a superintendent of public schools, have, in
“ Thirty Years of Paris,” — just as sketchy, just as translating and editing a collection of the German
little of a continued narrative, and even less taken choral music, rendered a public service of which it
up with autobiographic details,- is Alphonse Dau is to be hoped the public will avail itself. In all,
det's " Recollections of a Literary Man.” Like the ninety chorals, suitable, in word and music, for de-
former volume, these “ Recollections” are translated votional use, are presented in their “Choral Book
by Laura Ensor, published by Routledge, and illus- for Home, School, and Church ” (Ginn & Co.).
trated with numerous characteristically French cuts. The tunes as well as the words are mellow with the
Briefly, lightly, picturesquely, with the artistic sug- effect of age, many of them dating 1524, and
gestiveness if not with the artistic completeness, I nearly all of them from the sixteenth and seven-
Daudet gives us his recollections of the politicians teenth centuries. The editors of the volume have
Gambetta and Ollivier, and of various “ Theatrical selected their tunes and hymns in sufficient variety,
Characters ”; his "Notes on Paris,” and “In the ' and the hymns appear to be non-sectarian in their


1889.]
83
THE DIAL
theology. We welcome the book as a most notable very salutary for disheartened or over-wearied na-
contribution to musical devotional literature.
tures. The book is plentifully sprinkled with quo-
tations, which, though not always faultlessly ren-
MR. D. H. MONTGOMERY, author of " The Lead dered (in one case a well-known passage from
ing Facts of English History," and editor of sev Byron is credited to Swinburne), are yet so happily
eral volumes in Messrs. Ginn & Co's excellent series chosen as to add not a little to the charm and in-
of Classics for Children,” has now increased our terest of the volume.
debt to him, as well as our supply of good historical
INSTEAD of teaching pupils composition by show-
text-books, by compiling and digesting from Guizot,
Rambaud, Martin, Duruy, etc., " The Leading Facts
ing them how not to write, Professor John F. Ge-
of French History” (Ginn). In a volume of 321
nung of Amherst has chosen to show them how
pages, including tables, a brief bibliography, and a
best to write. To this end he has, in his “ Hand-
good index, we are presented with a vivid and in-
book of Rhetorical Anaysis” (Ginn), provided a
teresting account of the principal events in the his-
series of twenty-six selections, mostly from recent
writers.
tory of what was once Gaul and is now France.
These selections exemplify nearly all the
The book is conveniently arranged on the topical
characteristics of the best prose style, and are ac-
plan, with brief summaries at the end of each chap-
companied by many suggestive notes and questions,
ter, and is well supplied with maps, notes, cross-
with references to the author's “ Practical Rhetor-
references, etc.; but we miss one prominent feature
ic,” which is already a standard work. The new
of the author's - English History," namely, the gen-
handbook will prove valuable, and, indeed, is well-
eral view at the end of each period of the progress
nigh indispensable, to all who use the Rhetoric.
of civilization in different directions. The charac-
teristics of the several monarchs, and of their
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
reigns, are not brought out with the same clearness
August, 1889.
and emphasis as in the former work. Like some
Agnosticism and Christianity. T. H. Huxley. Pop. Science.
other historians of France, Mr. Montgomery no Albanian Blood-Vengeance. Herr J. Okie. Pop. Science,
doubt errs in ascribing too much importance to the
American Literature. H. N. Powers. Dial.
André's Last Days. J.O. Dykman. Mag. Am. History.
expectation of the end of the world in A.D. 1000. * Black-Capped" Baltimore. Olive T. Miller. Atlantic.
As many churches, cathedrals, and monasteries are
Buddhism, Primitive. N. G. Clark. Andover.
Burroughs's “ Indoor Studies." E. P. Anderson. Dial.
known to have been in existence earlier than the
Chance or Design. Prof. N. S. Shaler. Andover.
year 1000, it is hardly sound to say: “ Before this County Court Day in Kentucky. J. L. Allen. Harper.
men had not dared to build for permanence, except
Electric Lighting. Henry Morton. Scribner.
Electrical Waves. Samuel Sheldon. Popular Science.
where security made permanence a necessity.” England's Struggle with the Am. Colonies. Mag. Am. Hist.
Though the maps are referred to by number, no
Evolution. W. G. A. Bonwill. Lippincott.
Floods and Their Causes. F. L. Oswald. Lippincott.
numbers have been placed on the maps except in
French Alliance, The. John Fiske. Atlantic.
the case of Map 1. In his effort to represent pho-
French Canada, A Poet of. P.T. Lafleur. Atlantic.
General Society of Mechanics. Mrs. Lamb. Mag. Am. Hist.
netically the pronunciation of French proper names,
German Boy at Leisure. G. M. Wahl. Atlantic.
Mr. Montgomery encourages the growth of at least Germany, Religious Movement in. Harper.
one popular error. He gives English “on” as
Home-made Apparatus. J. F. Woodhull. Popular Science.
Kremlin, The." Theodore Child. Harper.
equivalent to French an and en.
Lavoisier. Popular Science.
Law in the U.S. I. B. Richman. Atlantic.
In a small volume published two years ago, Sir
Lawn Tennis, Form in. Jas. Dwight. Scribner.
Life and Its Activities. M. E. Gates. Mag. Am. History.
John Lubbock gave a series of " talks" or short es Lincoln, Personal Recollections of. J. M. Scovel. Lipp.
says on “ The Pleasures of Life.” The success of
Locksley Halls, The Two. T. R. Lounsbury. Scribner.
Lost Tribes, The. L. N. Dembitz. Andover.
the work was very gratifying to Sir John, and has Manual Training. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science.
led him to prepare a second volume, which appears | Mexican Lustred Pottery. Y. H. Addis. Harper.
Missions Out of Town for City Churches. J. Tunis. Andover.
with the same title and from the same publishers
Modern Civilization, Wastes of. F. L. Oswald. Pop. Science.
(Macmillan & Co.). Like its companion, it sets Motley's Letters. Ale
der Caldwell. Di
forth, in rather an off-hand and unassuming fash-
Novel, Modern. G. T. Ladd. Andover.
Optimism, Mr. Mallock on. W. D. Le Sueur. Pop. Science.
ion, the thoughts of its distinguished author on a Philipse Patent in the Highlands. Mag. Am. History.
variety of simple every-day subjects — such as
Photography. J. W. Champney. Harper.
Plants, Defensive Armor of. M. de Varigny. Pop. Science,
Health, Wealth, Labor and Rest, the Troubles of Post Vincennes. J. P. Dunn, Jr. Mag. Am. History.
Life, and the enjoyments to be derived from Art, Race Influence in History. M. Le Bon. Popular Science.
Poetry, Music, and Nature. The closing chapters
Railway Feeding. Benj. Norton. Scribner.
Roman History, Background of. Atlantic.
--on Religion, the Hope of Progress, and the Des **Scientific Charity.” A. G. Warner. Popular Science.
tiny of Man,--take a wider range ; but the attempt
South American Savages. John Page. Popular Science.
Socialism under Democracy. Andover.
is evidently to deal with these matters in their sub Soloman Islands. C. M. Woodford. Popular Science.
jective relations, their bearings upon man's comfort
Swedish Stone Age. W. H. Larrabee. Popular Science.
Tarpon Fishing in Florida. Robt. Grant. Scribner.
and happiness in this life, rather than to grapple Tennyson's First Flight. H. van Dyke. Scribner.
with the profounder problems of objective reality. Verestchagin and His Work. B. Macgahan. Lippincott.
West, Winning the. F. J. Turner. Dial.
The tone of the work throughout is harmlessly
Westminster Effigies. John Lillie. Harper.
optimistic, and it has a hearty and cheery drift, | Woolsey, President. Andover.


84
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
Books OF THE MONTH.
[ The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL
during the month of July, 1889.1
BIOGRAPHY--HISTORY.
William George Ward and the Oxford Movement.
By Wilfred Ward. With Portrait. 8vo, pp. 462. Mac-
millan & Co. $4.00.
William Dampier. By W. Clark Russell. With Portrait.
16mo, pp. 192. Macmillan's “ English Men of Action.''
60 cents.
The People I've Smiled With: Recollections of a Merry
Little Life. By Marshall P. Wilder. With two Por
traits. 12mo, pp. 268. Gilt top. Cassell & Co. $1.50.
The Two Great Retreats of History: The Retreat of
the Ten Thousand, and Napoleon's Retreat from Mos-
cow. With Introduction and Notes by D, H. M. 16mo,
pp. 313. Boards. Ginn's “Classics for Children.” 60 cts.
TRAVELS.
Studies in the South and West. With Comments on
Canada. By Charles Dudley Wamer, author of Their
Pilgrimage.” 12mo, pp. 484. Leather back. Gilt top.
Harper & Brothers. $1.75.
Our Journey to the Hebrides. By Joseph Pennell and
Elizabeth Robins Pennell. Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 225.
Harper & Brothers. $1.75.
ART.
Royal Academy Pictures. Illustrating the Hundred and
Twenty-first Exhibition of the Royal Academy. Being
the Royal Academy Supplement of “The Magazine of
Art,” 1889. In two parts. 4to. Paper. Cassell & Co. $1.
POETRY.
The Children, and Other Verses. By Charles M. Dick-
inson. 16mo, pp. 138. Gilt top. Cassell & Co. $1.00.
RELIGIOUS.
The Imitation of Christ. By Thomas Kempis. Now for
the First Time Set Forth in Rhythmical Sentences, Ac-
cording to the Original Intention of the Author. With a
Preface by H. P. Liddon, D.D., D.C.L. 8vo, pp. 299.
Extra. Gilt top. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. $3.50.
FICTION.
Cleopatra : Being an Account of the Fall and Vengeance
of Hamarchis, the Royal Egyptian, as set forth by His
Own Hand. By H. Rider Haggard, author of “She."
16mo, pp. 300. Harper & Brothers. 75 cents.
A Crooked Path. A Novel. By Mrs. Alexander, author of
"The Wooing O't.” 16mo, pp. 524. Holt's “Leisure
Hour Series." $1.00.
Paying the Penalty, and Other Stories. By Charles
Gibbon, George Manville Fenn, Clive Phillips-Walley,
Helen Shipton, Katharine S. Macquoid. 12mo, pp. 417.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.00.
Three Times Tried, and Other Stories. By B. L. Far-
jeon, Grant Allen, J. Maclaren Cobbon, Mrs. J. H. Rid-
dell, Austen Pember, George Manville Fenn. 12mo, pp.
390. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.00.
Cloud and Cliff; or, Summer Days at the White Moun-
tains. By Willis Boyd Allen, author of "Pine Cones."
16mo, pp. 227. D. Lothrop Co. $1.00.
Clip Her Wing : or, Let Her Soar. A Novel. By a
Lady of Louisiana. 12mo, pp. 383. G. W. Dillingham
& Co. $1.50.
A Swallow's Wing: A Tale of Pekin. By Charles Han-
nan. 16mo, pp. 238. Paper. Cassell's ***Sunshine Se-
ries." 50 cents.
Two Sides of a Story. By George Parsons Lathrop, au-
thor of " Behind Time.” 16mo, pp. 238. Paper. Cas-
sell's “Sunshine Series." 50 cents.
The Day Will Come. A Novel. By Miss Braddon, au-
thor of "Joshua Haggard's Daughter." Svo, pp. 301.
Paper. Harper's “Franklin Square Library." 45 cents.
Birch Dene. A Novel. By William Westall, author of
* Fair Crusader." dvo, pp. 373. Paper. Harper's
"Franklin Square Library." 45 cents.
The History of a Slave. By H. H. Johnston. F.R.G.S.,
T.Z.S, author of “The Kilimanzaroo Expedition." Illus-
trated. 12mo, pp. 168. Paper. D. Appleton & Co. 50 cts.
American Coin. A Novel. By the author of " Aristoc-
racy.” 16mo, pp. 213. Paper. Appleton's "Town and
Country Library.” 50 cents.
The Story of Helen Davenant. By Violet Fane. 16mo,
pp. 382. Paper. Appleton's “Town and Country Li-
brary."' 50 cents.
Derrick Vaughn, Novelist. By Edna Lyall, author of
“We Two." 16mo, pp. 144. Paper. Appleton's "Gains-
borough Series." 25 cents.
Iván Ilyitch, and Other Stories. By Count Lyof N. Tolstoï.
Translated from the Russian by Nathan Haskell Dole.
12mo, pp. 129. Paper. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cents.
The Marquis of Peñalta. A Realistic Social Novel. By
Don Armando Palacio Valdés. Translated from the
Spanish by Nathan Haskell Dole, 12mo, pp. 312. Paper.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cents.
Maximina. By Don Armando Palacio Valdés, author of
“ The Marquis of Peñalta." Translated from the Span-
ish by Nathan Haskell Dole. 12mo, pp. 390. Paper. T.
Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cents.
His Wife or His Widow? A Novel. By Marie Walsh,
author of “Hazel Kirke." 16mo, pp. 313. Paper. G.
W. Dillingham. 50 cents.
A Hopeless Case. The Remarkable Experience of an Un-
romantic Individual with a Romantic Name. By Luther
H. Bickford. 18mo, pp. 146. Paper. Chas. H. Kerr &
Co. 30 cents.
STORIES FOR CHILDREN.
Sunday School Stories for Little Children on the Gol-
den Texts of the International Lessons of 1889. By
Miss Lucretia P. Hale and Mrs. Bernard Whitman.
16mo, pp. 219. Roberts Brothers. $1.00.
Sunday-School Stories on the Golden Texts of the Inter-
national Lessons of 1889, Second Part. By Edward E.
Hale, author of " In His Name." 10mo, pp. 310. Rob-
erts Bros. $1.00.
REFERENCE-EDUCATION-TEXT-BOOKS.
The Century Dictionary. An Encyclopedic Lexicon of
the English Language. Prepared under the Superinten-
dence of William Dwight Whitney, Ph.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Comparative Philology and Sanskrit in Yale
University. In Six Volumes. Vol. I., A-Cono. 4to, pp.
1200. The Century Co. $10.00
Caspar's Directory of the American Book, News and
Stationery Trade, Wholesale and Retail. Contain-
ing, also, a List, in one Alphabet, of upwards of 2,500
Literary, Scientific, and Technological, as well as the
Most Important Political Periodicals, Magazines, and
Reviews of the United States. By C. N. Caspar, Com-
piler of the - Directory of Antiquarian Booksellers."
Large 8vo, pp. 1434. Half-Leather. C. N. Caspar. $12.
Education in the United States. Its History from the
Earliest Settlements. By Richard G. Boone, A.M.
16mo, pp. 402. Appleton's " International Education
Series." $1.50.
The Coming School. By Ellen E. Kenyon. A Sequel to
"The Young Idea,', by Caroline B. LeRow. 18mo, pp.
146. Paper. Cassell & Co. 5v cents.
The First Three Books of Homer's Iliad. With Intro-
duction, Commentary, and Vocabulary. For the Use of
Schools. By Thomas D. Seymour. 12mo. Ginn & Co.
$1.30.
Practical Latin Composition. By William C. Collar, A.M.
16mo, pp. 268. Ginn & Co. $1.10.
The Beginners' Book in German With Humorous
Illustrations. By Sophie Doriot, author of " Beginners'
Book in French." 12mo, pp. 273. Boards. Ginn & Co. Wc.
One-Year Course in German. Adapted to Students in
Preparatory and High Schools fitting for the Leading
Colleges. By Oscar Faulhaber, Ph.D. Second Edition.
16mo, pp. 197. D. C. Heath & Co. 60 cents.
Onkel und Nichte. A German Story for Sight Transla-
tion. By Oscar Faulhaber, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 64. Paper.
D. C. Heath & Co. 15 cents.
Die braune Erica. Novelle von Wilhelm Jensen. With
English Notes by E. S. Joynes. 16mo, pp. 80. Paper. D.
C. Heath & Co. 25 cents.
Stepping Stones to Reading : A Primer. By Anna B.
Badlam, author of “Suggestive Lessons in Language.'
16mo, pp. 123. Boards. D. C. Heath & Co. 25 cents.


1889.]
THE DIAL
Breas Bechmended for the SEB EAGLE PENCILS
Aids for Teaching General History. Including a List of
Books Recommended for a Working School Library. By
Mary D. Sheldon, 16mo. Paper. D. C. Heath & Co.
10 cents.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
ALL STYLES. ALL GRADES.
Stellar Evolution, and Its Relations to Geological Time.
By James Croll, LL.D., F.R.S., author of " Climate and
Time.” 12mo, pp. 118. D. Appleton & Co. $1.00). EAGLE No. 2? GOLD PENCILS
Days Out of Doors. By Charles C. Abbott, author of "A
Naturalist's Rambles About Home.” 12mo. pp. 3233. D.
ROUND AND HEXAGON. PATENTED.
Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Garden's Story; or, Pleasures and Trials of an Ama The Best Pencil for Free-Hand Drawing,
teur Gardener. By George H. Ellwanger. 18mo, pp.
315. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25.
School, Mercantile, and General Uses.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Signs of Promise. Sermons Preached in Plymouth Pulpit, I
Our FINE ARTS.
Brooklyn, 1887–9. By Lyman Abbott. Printed_from
Stenographic Reports. 12mo, pp. 301. Gilt top. Fords, The most perfect Pencil made. Graded
Howard & Hulbert. $1.50.
Plain Talks with Young Home Makers. By F. Mc 6B to 6H, 15 degrees; for Artists, Engineers,
Cready Harris Hope Ledyard), author of “ The Girls at
Quinnemont.” 18mo, pp. 116. Boards. Cassell & Co.
and Draughtsmen.
10 cents.
[Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid, COLORED CRAYONS.
on receipt of price by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago.)
-
Over Fifty Colors. Preferable to Water
TO AUTHORS.- The New York BUREAU OF REVISION Colors in many ways.
I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds, edits
them for publication, and offers them to publishers. George
William Curtis says in Harper's Magazine: “Reading manu-
THE STOP-GAUGE
scripts with a view to publication is done, as it should be,
professionally, by the Easy Chair's friend and fellow-laborer
in letters, Dr. Titus Munson Coan.” Send stamp to Dr. AUTOMATIC PENCIL.
Coax for prospectus at 20 West 14th St., New York City.
An entirely new article. The ne plus ultra
LADIES' STATIONERY.
of all Pencils.
A few years ago, our fasbionable peo- LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.
ple would use no Stationery but Imported
HAVE JUST READY:
goods. The American styles and makes
Prof. MAX MÜLLER'S New Book,
did not come up to what they required.
Messrs. Z. & W.M. CRANE set to work
NATURAL RELIGION.
to prove that as good or better goods could
The Gifford Lectures, delivered before the University of
Glasgow in 1888. By F. Max Müller, K.M.
be made in this country as abroad. How
Crown 8vo; pp. xx.-608. Cloth, $3.00,
wel tbey have succeeded is shown by the
Mr. CHRISTIE MURRAY'S New Story,
fact that foreign goods are now scarcely
quoted in the market, while CRANE'S
WILD DARRIE.
goods are staple stock with every dealer of By D. CHRISTIE MURRAY and HENRY HERMAN.
Crown 8vo. Cloth, $1.00.
any pretensions. This firm bas donie
much during the past two or three years THE NEW REVIEW.
to produce a taste for dead-finish Papers,
No. 2, JULY, 1889-CONTENTS:
and to-day their brands of Grecian An-
THE SHAH. By Lord Castletown.
tique,' 'Parchment Velluin,' 'Old-style,' THE HIGHER PROBLEMS OF AFRICA.
No. 1. By Lord Ebrington.
and ‘Distaff,' are as popular as their fini No. 2. By Sir Charles Baden-Powell.
| The Eight-Hour MOVEMENT. By Charles Bradlaugh, M.P.
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THE DIAL
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SEP 12 1889)
Vali, ulu
HAKYAJ
THE DIAL
Vol. X. SEPTEMBER, 1889. No. 113. in the series of both the English and the Amer-
ican “ Men of Letters "; that no previous liter-
--
CONTENTS.
ary period could ever boast a longer or abler
list of critics than those now living or but re-
THE EVOLUTION OF THE REVIEWER. Anna
cently dead,—a list including Arnold, Morley,
B. McMahan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
THE CENTURY DICTIONARY. Melville B. Anderson 95
Hutton, Shairp, Leslie Stephen, in England,
THE GEOLOGIC WINTER. Alexander Winchell. 98
and Lowell, Whipple, Stedman, Higginson, in
A HERO OF THE OXFORD MOVEMENT. C. A.
this country ; that the field open to the critic
L. Richards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
to-day, inviting him to enter in and take pos-
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 103
session, is not only large, but in most directions
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 106
entirely new. This is a time of new departures
Alexander's Introduction to the Poetry of Robert in literature. The critic has something better
Browning. - Hulbert's Ireland under Coercion, — to do than to say the old things over, or to
Skeat's The Minor Poems of Chaucer.- Mullinger's
apply the old principles of thought or of com-
History of the University of Cambridge.- Balzani's
The Popes and the Hohenstaufen.-Hunt's The Eng-
position. The great influx of new knowledge
lish Church in the Middle Ages.-Ward's The Coun about Nature and her laws has brought about
ter Reformation.- Creighton's Carlisle.- Durand's new intellectual methods. The experimental
New Material for the History of the American Revo-
sciences have constantly advanced into the do-
lution.-Curry's Constitutional Government in Spain.
mains once supposed to lie wholly beyond their
-Archer's The Crusade of Richard I.-Rawlinson's
The Story of Phænicia.- Miss Hale's The Story of
limits. Old controversies have been silenced
Mexico.-Skeat's The Native Element in English by new facts, thus converting whole libraries
Etymology.
into waste paper. The old psychology has
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS ...
. . . . . . . . 109 been discarded since physiology has taught us
TOPICS IN SEPTEMBER PERIODICALS. ... 112 more about brain. History has grown philo-
BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... 113 sophical through the application of positive
science to human life, and is no longer content
THE EVOLUTION OF THE REVIEWER. with brushing away the dust from old monu-
Literary criticism has recently been called ments, retracing half-effaced inscriptions, look-
“the cheapest and commonest profession in ing merely at the outward and visible life of hu-
the world”; one which “ cannot be spoken of manity. Biography has a new importance, as
with complete satisfaction"; while it is further the necessary consequence of the scientific
claimed that “to better it is in the hands of method applied to historical study.
reviewers themselves.”
In fiction, the difference between the old
The only one of these statements that seems and the new is so great that they almost seem
open to question is the last one. No one can to belong to different orders of composition.
deny that a very large part of what is called Incident, mystery, adventure, have ceased to
literary criticism of contemporary writing is a play any considerable part in our stories. Al-
dish, more or less skilfully served, made up of ways the characters are everything, the story
a compend gleaned from preface and index, a nothing. The mind, heart, nerve, not the
few citations hastily chosen from the body of accidents of circumstance, chiefly engage the
the work, mingled with a generous supply of modern novelist. A similar change has come
anecdotes relating to the author's personal his over poetry. The modern poet is a “maker”
tory, a description of the house he lives in, his still, though he does not, like his predecessor,
study, his habits of work,the whole seasoned create an ideal world and fill it with imaginary
with a few samples of careless rhetoric or false beings. He finds or makes poetry everywhere,
quantity, in order that the public may be duly as when Tennyson analyzes complex motives
impressed with the critic's own superiority. in “ Love and Duty,” or when Browning dis-
But, also, no one can deny that along with this cusses social problems in “ Fifine,” or religious
fact of shabby and scrappy criticism of new | ones in “ Ferishtah's Fancies.”
books, we have the no less notable facts that With such and so great changes going on
many admirable works dealing with past or at this very hour,—science speaking with the
made reputations are constantly appearing, as authority once claimed by metaphysics and


94
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
theology ; history growing from mere annals reverse became true. Reviewing assumed the
into a philosophy; biography, as it were, cre dignity of a profession, and the periodical was
ated ; fiction and poetry inspired by new aims regarded with growing favor as it was seen
and ideals,—could there be a happier moment that no other platform commanded so large
for criticism ? Does it in truth rest entirely, and appreciative an audience.
or even mainly, with the reviewer to make the The stories of the painstaking labors by
new canons to fit the new situation, to elevate which these reviewers sought to justify the
criticism to its rightful place, very near to cre weight accorded to their utterances, show again
ative writing itself ?
how patient and exacting was the editorial
I believe not. I believe that the qualities standard. Probably few compositions of the
in which it now most fails are to be supplied same length have ever been more carefully
rather by a changed environment with regard studied. Sir J. Stephen, two years after be-
to editors, periodicals, and readers, than by ginning an article on Grotius, complained of
any change of heart in the reviewer himself. being still deficient in proper material, though
This belief receives a warrant in the study of he had agents in London and Rotterdam. Six
the evolution of the type from its first appear-months after Macaulay began his review of
ance in print up to the present time. The his- | Hastings, he said: “I must read through sev-
tory is not a long one. Both the impulse eral folio volumes," and it was still six months
and the direction may be easily traced to that before it was ready for print; he apologized
pioneer among periodicals, which, early in the for the slowness with which his “ Frederick
present century, first “ made reviewing more the Great” progressed, because of the “grub-
respectable than authorship,” the “ Edinburgh bing in German memoirs and documents,
Review.” “ No genteel family can pretend to which I do not read with great facility.”
be without it, and it contains the only valuable Criticism would come to have a new author-
literary criticism of the day,” said Sir Walter ity if the practice of signing the critic's name
Scott; while Bulwer considered that to be ig- were general; or, if there be objections to
nored by this quarterly would be the greatest this, then at least it ought to be beyond ques-
calamity that could befall one of his novels. tion that every journal pretending to offer lit-
A similar exclusiveness in modern periodicals erary criticism should have this department
would furnish not only a wholesome stimulus well equipped, and with such a distribution of
for authors, but would go further, perhaps, powers that special fitness should determine
than any one thing to improve the critics. the allotment. The interpreter keen and ade-
There is a natural caste among books; and quate as to Ruskin is quite likely to be at sea
there should be a “ best society” in journal as to Lecky or Tyndall; and familiarity with
ism, from which all pretenders should be ex Herbert Spencer does not imply capacity to
cluded. At present, lack of discrimination expound Browning. Under present conditions,
destroys all rank. Witness the long notices any dabbler, behind the shelter of his anonym-
of insignificant books, even in reputable jour ity, may speak as freely and as boldly as the
nals; witness the lists of the publishers who most trained and conscientious scholar. It is
are able to quote, from periodicals regarded as much to be feared that there are few who
trustworthy, equal praise for the admirable and would be willing to confess, with the poet
the worthless. Looking back to that period Campbell, when he found himself unable to
of the “ Edinburgh Review” to which belong make a promised review of a work on * The
the famous reviews of Macaulay, Carlyle, Sir Nervous System,” “ I ought to have recollected
William Hamilton, and John Stuart Mill, it is that, in order to review a book properly, one
plain how much the editor's policy had to do ought more than simply to comprehend its con-
in raising book-reviewing to a calling high in | tents; he ought to be master of the whole sub-
popular esteem. Hitherto, most of those who ject, as much, perhaps, as the author of the
had written had taken great pains to have it book himself.” When a critic's only knowl-
understood that they did so for pleasure and edge of the general subject is gained from the
not for bread, especially if the work was done book in hand, it is too much to expect of Iru-
for periodicals. Tom Barnes, editor of the man nature that he will not make up his own
- Times," hated to hear the paper spoken of shortcomings by fastening upon its flaws, faults
in his presence, and felt that his reputation as of style, false logic, or any weakness which
a gentleman was compromised by conducting offers an opportunity to make merry; and,
the leading newspaper in Europe. Now the l since it is always easier to pounce upon a


1889.]
95
THE DIAL
that ever is it has alreabids fair
blemish than to set forth a grace, we may be giving us a criticism which, in learning, pic-
assured that all minor defects will receive turesqueness, sincerity, calmness, breadth, and
due attention, even though great beauties are insight, shall approach the work of genius
passed by wholly unnoted. No greater triumph
ANNA B. McMAHAN.
is possible to a literary critic than the recog-
nition of genius not yet appreciated by his
countrymen,- such a service as Leigh Hunt THE CENTURY DICTIONARY.*
rendered to Shelley and to Keats, when one
had written no more than a few sonnets in a Readers of THE DIAL are probably pretty
newspaper, and the other only one slim volume familiar by this time with the general plan
of verse. The fact that the blunders of critics and features of this great work, and are doubt-
who have attempted to judge their contempo less prepared to believe that such a work,
raries would fill volumes and furnish some of printed at the De Vinne Press and illustrated
the most amusing stories in literature, only by the Art Department of the Century Com-
shows how much more difficult is this than the pany, may well be one of the most beautiful
backward-looking judgments. That Jeffrey that ever issued from any press. A sufficient
flouted Keats, Wordsworth, Southey, Cole section of it has already appeared to warrant
ridge, and Byron, yet founded some hope for the statement that it bids fair also to become
the future poetical reputation of his time in one of the most useful of books. Webster's
the fact that it had given birth to Rogers and Dictionary has been placed, by more than one
Campbell; that another declared about this American educator, only second in rank to the
time that, “if all other books were to be Bible itself,—or was it the Bible, Shakespeare,
burned, • Pamela' and the Bible should be and Webster ? Happily, however, for Amer-
preserved,” are instances of the difficulty ican education, the day has come when such
attendant upon looking below the surface of | an apotheosis of Webster is no longer possi-
things, of detecting weakness in that which ble; and even the peripatetic gentry who ad-
the world is praising, or beauties in that which dress our long-suffering teachers at their sum-
is exciting only general contempt or ridicule. | mer gatherings must sooner or later awaken to
But in proportion to the difficulty is the glory the fact that the “ biggest book in the world,”
of success.
as they style their favorite lexicon, is, after all,
Another obstacle to higher criticism exists not the primal source of all doctrine and ad-
in the conditions of publication. The quar monition relating to the English language.
terly has been changed to a monthly, with one Measured by the very obvious test of bigness,
third the number of pages. We are told that Webster shrinks, in comparison with the Cen-
people will not now take time to read a long tury Dictionary, to the proportions of an old-
article, and writers must govern themselves ac fashioned three-decker by the side of the “ City
cordingly. But large themes demand large of Paris.” To the first two letters of the al-
treatment; they are many-sided, and are not phabet Webster devotes, supplement and all,
to be presented in sketches that one may read 187 pages ; the Century Dictionary, 744. The
while lounging after dinner or waiting for a | page of the latter is also considerably longer
train. Must just so many pages be the limit, and wider than the page of Webster, though
whether one reviews the latest society novel, by reason of the superior size and openness of
or a philosophical work costing a whole life | the type, it appears to contain scarcely any
time of labor? We cannot afford to be cramp more matter.
ed by such restrictions, unflinchingly applied. Weighing the Century Dictionary, on the
There will always be plenty of subjects suita other hand, against Murray's English Diction-
ble to the newspaper column, without trying ary, the great historical lexicon of the past
to compress our treatises into the same space. seven centuries of our language and literature,
So doing, indeed, we shall make reviewing not the scales are quickly turned. Although Mur-
even the secondary art that it is now called, ray's Dictionary has no encyclopædic features,
but no art at all, and only a third or fourth and has, moreover, a somewhat larger page,
rate kind of artifice to invite any dabbler.
* THE CENTURY DictioNARY. An Encyclopedic Lexicon of
But I prefer to think that a department of the English Language. Prepared under the Superintendence
letters that in the past has attracted into its of William Dwight Whitney, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Com-
service so many able pens will honor its tradi- |
parative Philology and Sanskrit in Yale University. In Six
Volumes. Vol. I., A-Cono. New York: The Century Co.
tions, and, if possible, surpass its models, by ! (McDonnell Brothers, Chicago.)


96
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
work migdiastic studening very plean bscribe
it devotes to the first two letters of the alpha- Thus African, Algerian, Austrian, Bulgarian,
bet no less than 1240 pages. Not only is it and other derivatives from the corresponding
more bulky and more expensive, it is also proper nouns are omitted by Dr. Murray, but
more restricted in its scope, and therefore are included in the Century Dictionary under
much more scientific. The Century Dictionary a great variety of forms. E.g., from the word
is a popular work in comparison. The pur Africa the Century Dictionary explains the
chasers of the latter ought to find some com following derivatives : Afric, African, African-
pensation in the circumstance that they may, der, Africanism, Africanization, Africanize,
if in good health, fairly hope to live to see the Afrogman, illustrating nearly all of them by
end of it, and the study of so exquisite a suitable quotations. Not a single one of these
work might well tend to prolong the life of words is included by Dr. Murray.
the enthusiastic student of words and things, Little more need be said here as to the en-
by giving him something very pleasant to look cyclopædic scope of the Century Dictionary.
forward to. But it becomes the subscribers to As to the value of this feature of the work,
Dr. Murray's noble work to be less sanguine. there is, happily, room for but one opinion.
Begun some thirty years ago, its first install Instead of long and exhaustive encyclopædia
ment appeared in 1884, and its veteran editor articles, information is here found scattered
in-chief is now heroically struggling through under a vast variety of heads, and made acces-
the letter C. The nineteenth century will give sible by innumerable cross-references. No op-
place to the twentieth, nay, the language itself portunity is lost to insinuate information ;
may take on an altered complexion, before Dr. every crevice is fact-crammed ; knowledge is
Murray can write finis. Meanwhile, let us be sprung upon the unwary reader at every turn;
thankful to Professor Whitney and his learned we are enfiladed with learning and ambushed
assistants for giving us something so much bet into erudition. The reviewer meets nowadays
ter than Webster as a succedaneum. Perhaps with few more interesting books, and with
by the time we have learned all the Century many more disconnected ones. Here, at least,
Dictionary has to teach us about the English is a book which never lures us into speculative
language, Dr. Murray will be ready with his bogs with the ignis fatuus of verbiage. The
advanced course.
modern critic, who has become accustomed to
It has often been asserted by linguists that read through a hundred pages for a single idea,
words are also things, but perhaps the relation is somewhat dazed to find here a hundred ideas
ship has never been so clearly illustrated as in —or the pregnant germs of them, on a sin-
the Century Dictionary. In the Preface to gle page. At first blush, one is inclined to
the great Dictionary of the English Philolog suspect oneself the victim of some “ stocked "
ical Society, Dr. Murray takes pains to define mine, or to imagine oneself to be inspecting
the boundary between a dictionary and a cyclo- Spenser's Cave of Mammon :-
pædia :
"The room was large and wide,
“We do not look in a Cyclopædia for the explanation As it some guild or solemn temple were;
and history of anon, perhaps, or busy; we do not expect Many great golden pillars did upbear
in an English dictionary information about Book-bind The massy roof, and riches huge sustain;
ing, Photography, the Aniline Dyes, or the Bridgewater
And every pillar deckéd was full dear
Treatises, or mention of Abyssinia, Argynnis, Alopecu-
With crowns, and diadems, and titles vain,
rus, Adenia, or Blennenteritis.”
Which mortal princes wore while they on earth did reign."
This boundary is not entirely swept away by Of course no sensible person would go to a
the Century Dictionary, but it is largely mod- dictionary or to a cyclopædia for systematic
ified and extended. Taking, for example, the knowledge. The futility of the attempt to
subjects mentioned in the above quotation, in- | make a single set of books a repertory of all
formation is found, or may be confidently ex knowledge is signally illustrated in the “ En-
pected, upon all of them except Abyssinia, cyclopædia Britannica," the longer articles of
which is referred to under the heads of its which, being virtually text-books on their sev-
derivatives, Abyssine, Abyssinian, where a eral subjects, can be read only by students and
concise paragraph may be found concerning people of leisure. The speed of the nimblest
the Abyssinian Church. In Dr. Murray's runners is taxed to chase the retreating bound-
great Dictionary, on the other hand, not only ary of the kingdom of “Chaos and old Night”
proper nouns, but their derivatives, are ex in a single direction, while the correspondent
cluded, except when they are necessary “to extension of the realm of knowledge is going
the better explanation of derived words.” | forward with almost equal rapidity at every


1889.]
97
THE DIAL
frontier. Busy people whose intellectual curi- With respect to the majority of subjects, ele-
osity is keen, and who aspire to accuracy in mentary knowledge is all that the most accom-
their knowing, have long felt the need of a plished man can possess ; accuracy is the test
reference-work that should give succinct infor- that distinguishes the scholar from the sciolist,
mation, in the most accessible shape, upon the and selection the criterion that distinguishes
greatest variety of subjects that may be either Bacon's “ full man ” from “the bookful block-
of general interest or that may be referred to, head.” Dr. Whately long ago pointed out,
more or less allusively, in general literature. with his accustomed good sense and perspicac-
Precisely such a book is the Century Diction- ity, the radical distinction between the words
ary. Hitherto the general reader has been superficial and rudimentary, which, as applied
obliged to makeshift with Webster, and with to knowledge, are so frequently used as syno-
the several appendixes, supplements, addenda, nyms. It is to be hoped that Prof. H. M.
and other excrescences which have been super | Whitney, who treats the subject of Synonymy
imposed upon, but not embodied in, that use | in this Dictionary with such lucidity and taste,
ful work. The Century Dictionary saves our will quote, in its proper place, the passage
time and patience by throwing all its abundant wherein Dr. Whately makes this judicious dis-
and various information under one alphabet, tinction.
so that the hurried consulter who has succeed. In conclusion, I will mention three import-
ed in running down tweedle-dee is not obliged ant points in which this Dictionary surpasses
to take a fresh start in order to run down all preceding works of the kind, and compares
tweedle-dum.
favorably even with special works. The first
As Louis Agassiz, when a poor student in is the treatment of synonyms, already referred
lodgings at a high altitude at Paris, was one to. Synonyms are not only defined and dis-
day staggering homeward under the burden tinguished in a clear and readable way, but
of a formidable encyclopædia, Alexander von are copiously illustrated by quotations which
Humboldt abruptly accosted him with the in are, for the most part, well-selected,—though
quiry : “ What are you doing with that asses' it is hard to see what authority there may be
bridge?” Agassiz modestly explained that he in quotations from Welsh's “ English Lit-
felt the need of information about many things erature.” Secondly, readers of Chaucer and
which he had no time to study fundamentally. other Middle-English authors will find this
Agassiz was right, especially for his age and Dictionary incomparably fuller and more satis-
for ours. Perhaps Humboldt was the last man factory than, say, such a work as Mayhew-
who could, like Bacon, successfully take all Skeat's “ Concise Dictionary,” or Halliwell's
knowledge to be his province, and even the “ Dictionary of Archaisms and Provincial-
vast circumference of his mind required the isms.” Elizabethan literature is also treated
complemental arc of his brother William's in with a fulness of detail that apparently leaves
order to make the circle full. At all events, little to be desired. Finally, the etymologies,
the very Humboldts of our time will probably as might be expected from Professor Whitney,
find it convenient to glance occasionally at the are marvellous in their union of scholarship
Century Dictionary,—much more the ordinary with clearness and precision of statement. To
worker who feels his scope to be distinctly and say that they will fairly bear comparison with
painfully limited. This Dictionary, aiming to the etymologies of Dr. Murray is to give them
give the meaning and history of all English the highest praise. Dr. Murray is noticeably
words with a fulness never before approached stronger and fuller on the side of Old English,
(although to be greatly surpassed in Dr. Mur Professor Whitney on the side of Oriental lan-
ray's colossal work), aiming also to group un guages. Perhaps Dr. Murray abounds in
der these words all useful information that can greater wealth of detail, and is, on the whole,
reasonably be looked for in such a place, and more suggestive; Professor Whitney, on the
actually performing this service for us with other hand, is far completer in his citation of
an accuracy only to be attained by the labori cognate and allied words, English and foreign.
ous exertions of a large corps of specialists, — I should say, therefore, that, for the study of
such a work is as far as possible from being words in their infinite ramifications and rela-
an asses' bridge, or a Nuremberg funnel. It tions and affinities, the Century Dictionary is
may, indeed, help superficial people to become little inferior to Murray. Sometimes (e. g.,
accurate people, but it is not likely to be much in the treatment of the words and and breach)
consulted by the indolent or the smatterer. Professor Whitney is considerably fuller than


98
(Sept.,
THE DIAL
Dr. Murray; and, in general, the reader who not not yet led to much new knowledge touch-
has studied the etymology of a word in either ing the earth's emergence from primitive cha-
dictionary will find that he has something to os ; while the Quaternary studies have added
learn from the other.
greatly to our knowledge of the steps of our
It should be added that Professor Whitney earth's approach toward the modern order. It
acknowledges his obligations to Dr. Murray, is a popular presentation of the nature of
whose work could, however, he says, “ be con these steps which the well-trained author has
sulted in revising the proofs of A and of part prepared in the present volume.
of B only.” The curious reader will soon find It may be disputed whether an addition of
the place where these obligations cease. It is information concerning the later epochs of geo-
safe, I think, to say that, could Professor logic history possesses greater interest than
Whitney have seen Dr. Murray's remarks new determinations touching the earlier. The
upon the etymologies of the words bread and later epochs, being nearer our own times, how-
brotherhood, he would scarcely have derived ever, are most likely to yield us what has been
the latter from brother and hood, and the so long sought: a common measure for historic
former from the root of the word brew. Under and geologic time. So far as studies in Quat-
bread Dr. Murray adduces very interesting ernary geology have afforded such measure,
facts, which seem to dispose of the conjecture they have supplied us with a sounding-line for
that bread is cognate with brew. It ought to penetrating the depths of Palæozoic and Ar-
rejoice Prohibition hearts to be assured that chæan time. In proportion, too, as Quaternary
the baker and the brewer have no more affinity studies have been productive of results so strik-
than have the baker and the candlestick-maker. ing to the common intelligence, they have in-
Professor Whitney may be confidently expected creased general interest in the data of surface
to correct himself under the word loaf, when geology, and have augmented the significance
he reaches it. The obligation of the one of the simple and familiar phenomena occu-
lexicographer to the other will, however, in pying the very exterior of our planet, within
the long run undoubtedly be shifted to the constant reach of the most indifferent obser-
other side, for it is hardly supposable that Dr. vation.
Murray's lifelong task should not at many Few persons look upon these surface mate-
points be lightened by the toil of his honored rials with the thoughtful glance which is their
American fellow-laborer in the vineyard of privilege. The gravel and stones are here, they
words.
say, and that is all there is of it; and they
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
rush on in pursuit of those gilded phantoms so
likely to fit from their possession while they
live, and so certain to be left behind when they
THE GEOLOGIC WINTER.*
die. But each bowlder, each gravel-bank,
each“ potash-kettle," each gravel ridge, re-
The most signal recent advances in geologi-
mains as a vestige of a former time when the
cal knowledge have taken place at opposite
Northern States and Canada lay beneath a
extremes of the chronological scale. The appli-
sheet of glacier ice like that which broods,
cation of polarized light and the microscope to
through the centuries, over the continent of
the study of crystalline rocks has opened a
Greenland. Along the southern margin of
revelation to investigators of the most ancient
this vast sheet detrital materials accumulated,
deposits of the earth's crust; and the sagacity
like those morainic piles so familiar to-day
of recent students has introduced a flood of
around the fronts of the living glaciers of Sa-
light upon the accumulations left by the last
voy. Through the crevasses in that continen-
great revolution of the earth. The former ad-
tal glacier, the streams accumulated by melting
vance is the outcome of a new application of
on the surface of the ice were precipitated, as
old principles ; the latter has been achieved by
on the surface of the great Muir glacier of
the old method of faithful observation in the
Alaska, so particularly and fascinatingly de-
field. The petrographic results, however, have
scribed by our author. Along the bottom of
that continental glacier, systems of rivers and
* THE ICE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA, and its Bearing upon
the Antiquity of Man. By G. Frederick Wright, D.D., rivulets coursed, transporting, depositing, and
LL.D., F.G.S.A. With an Appendix on “The Probable arranging the detritus of the glacier, as mod-
Cause of Glaciation,” by Warren Upham, F.G.S.A. With
many New Maps and Illustrations. New York: D. Appleton
ern streams still occupy themselves in making
& Company.
new arrangements of the same detritus. Over


1889.]
99
THE DIAL
the exposed rock-surfaces, the continental gla- | other parts of the world. The reader is now
cier glided, smoothing or scratching and scor educated to detect the signs of a glacier, and
ing the hard surface, as the Mer de glace, in our author next points them out over the area
modern times, has smoothed and scored the of the Northern United States — the proofs
rocky walls against which its moving mass has that the continental glacier was once here. He
rested. Even the remoteness of these events reasons on the probable depth of the ice in
is hinted by the fact that the glaciers of Shas North America. He returns to the “ terminal
ta and Tacoma and Baker and St. Elias are moraine” which winds across the States. He
the visibly diminishing remnants of a sheet suggests the facts bearing on glacial erosion
once, perhaps, continuous—as Argentière, Des and transportation. He considers the curious
Bossoms, Du Miage and Mer de glace are, in phenomena of " drumlins” and “ kames." He
our time, only the upper branches of a trunk reminds us of the evidences of glacial dams,
glacier which once stretched from Chamounix lakes, and waterfalls ; and traces the connection
to Geneva. When we get the measure of the between glacial lakes and the “ loess” of China
visible rate of retreat over a mile, we have the and the Mississipi valley. As a sequence of
means of timing the retreat from the glacier's the rigorous conditions, the pre-glacial vegeta-
ancient limits.
tion retreated to southern latitudes, and, on the
When we inform the reader that such is final retreat of the ice, plants and animals re-
the range of facts of which our author gives turned to their present stations — following
an exposition, and such the nature of the in the disappearing ice toward the mountain-tops,
terpretations which he places on them, it will as toward the Arctic region.
be understood that we have in this work abun After this survey of the inductive data sup-
dant sources of interest and information. A plied by glaciers in their formation, action, and
characteristic of the work, however, is its fresh effects, the mind naturally turns to an inquiry
ness and originality. It is not a treatise com- | in reference to the cause of continental glacia-
piled from many other books. He who has tion; and this is the course taken by our au-
been a student of glaciology is as certain to be thor. All the principal theories are explained.
interested and instructed as he who has till | When did these great events take place ? is
now remained ignorant. The author has been the next question considered. We used to be
less a student of books than a personal inves told that they lie two hundred thousand years
tigator. He has traced the southern terminus back in the depths of geologic time; but Pro-
of the continental glacier from Massachusetts fessor Wright finds good reason for fixing a
over Long Island, to New Jersey, and through | much more modern date. It was because man
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, to is shown to have lived contemporaneously with
Dakota. He has travelled to the Pacific, and the glaciers, that their supposed remoteness
followed the line of disappearing glaciers to attached to the human species an antiquity
Alaska ; and, camped in front of the stupendous reaching a hundred thousand years. It was
wall of the Muir glacier, he has listened to the not because such antiquity shocked traditional
thunder of the down-crashing icebergs, he has beliefs, that the epoch of general glaciation was
measured the movements of the ice-field, cross brought down to six or eight thousand years.
ed its crevasses, and mapped the gigantic out The more moderate date has been argued by
spread of the glacier through the ramifying those whose judgments could not be biased by
valleys of an eroded Archæan slope. He has traditional beliefs. It is considerations of this
brought home pictures of these scenes, and nature which occupy the last chapter of the
strewn them lavishly over the pages of this
luxurious volume.
This full and fascinating account of glaciers,
After explaining, for the benefit of the inex- | modern and ancient, their causes and effects,
pert reader, what a glacier is, he enters upon is splendidly illustrated by maps and views,
notices of the disappearing glaciers of the Paci- mostly prepared for this volume, executed in
fic coast. He takes us at once to Alaska, and the best style of photo-engraving, and issued
gives us the results of a month's sojourn at the on paper of first quality. We have to pro-
head of Glacier Bay. Passing up Baffin's nounce this one of the most successful attempts
Bay, he supplies us with glimpses of the great at authorship, and one of the handsomest
Humboldt glacier of Greenland—the cradle of books, which the decade has produced.
icebergs. A chapter is devoted to glaciers in
ALEXANDER WINCHELL.


100
(Sept.,
THE DIAL
A HERO OF THE OXFORD MOVEMENT.*
the Church until it should contain and har-
monize all the earnest elements of English
The Tractarian movement of 1834 has given
faith.
to the world several very striking and amus-
There was another group of scholars and
ing volumes. Newman's "Apologia,” Mozley's
ecclesiastics, to whom the churchmanship of
“ Reminiscences,” Dean Burgon’s “ Twelve
Laud and Andrews was a fond ideal, who
Good Men," and, more recently, the work on
looked back to a church that had not only pre-
“George William Ward and the Oxford Move-
served the primitive deposit but also some later
ment,” are among its varied products. What
developments which the course of the Reform-
that movement has done for the Church may
ation had rashly sacrificed. They were pro-
be a matter of dispute ; but it has certainly
foundly alarmed at the secularizing and Eras-
added four pleasant books of biography to
tian tendencies of their time. They were pain-
English letters. Cardinal Newman's sketch
fully aware of the hardness and shallowness of
portrays that period of storm and stress from
the popular theology, and sought a healthy re-
the point of one who was a chief actor in it.
vival of Catholic, not Papal, dogma in the
Mr. Mozley's delicious pages depict for us the
English Church. This was the attitude of
various personages who filled the stage as they | men like Keble and Rose and Palmer and
might appear from the side scenes or prompt Wilberforce. It was at first the position of
er's box. Dean Burgon gives us the view of
Newman. He believed the only way of meet-
one who heartily sympathized with the move-
ing at once the perils from revolutionary states-
ment in its Tractarian beginning, and was
men and Papal ecclesiastics was to intensify
fiercely indignant with it in its Romanizing the life of the Church by reinserting the ele
close. And now Mr. Wilfrid Ward, in this
Hria Ward, in this ments possessed by all Christendom before the
life of his father, presents the story as told by days of Luther. He fancied that there was a
a fair-minded observer, with only hereditary
Via Media between Rome and Geneva which
interest in it. Himself a born Romanist, he
the English Church might yet pursue. But
is quite ready to recognize the work of the as he looked to the Patristic writings for indi-
men from whom his father went out, and to
cations of that primitive pathway, as he glanced
avail himself of their rich contributions to a
enviously at the existing Papal Church to see
successful study of his father's position and
what of her present possessions an English
character. Certainly the Oxford movement
churchman could profitably reclaim, his gaze be-
becomes more intelligible as we see it by the came fascinated. His subtilizing intellect per-
light of these admirably-written pages. The plexed itself. Could it be that the Catholic
forthcoming lives of Dean Stanley and Dr.
Church which he sought, the ideal Church
Pusey may be expected to yet more fully dis- which he looked back for in history, was still,
close its meaning
in its perfection, extant ? that it was not the
The period about 1830 was everywhere a question how to enrich the English Church
time of ferment and revolution. Almost every without accepting the corruptions of Rome, but
thing was an open question. Almost every in rather how to transfer the allegiance of an
stitution had to prove anew its right to survive. English ecclesiastic, self-convicted of schism,
The English Church was no exception. The to the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church
friends of the Establishment were compelled which had its sempiternal seat at Rome, its per-
to consider how best to buttress that ancient sistent authority, as the One Body of Christ,
structure. There was the great mass of “ High over every honest and earnest believer ?
and Dry” and “Low and Slow,” who only While Dr. Newman was weaving delicate
wished to “ conserve chaos " and let things be cobwebs about his own position, —cobwebs that
as they were in secula seculorum. There were a more direct and straightforward intellect had
the headlong innovators who would like to di never spun or had quickly broken through,-
vert the revenues of the Church to purposes of one of his coadjutors and associates, who had
science and education. There were ardent been his devoted disciple, grew restive as he
friends, like Dr. Arnold, who held State and saw each new subtle filament added to the
Church to be but differing names for the one web or floating without attachment in the void.
national life; who felt that Christianity itself Himself a born logician, he knew no interval
was in danger, and sought, therefore, to broaden between a demonstration and the deed which
* GEORGE WILLIAM WARD AND THE OXFORD MOVEMENT,
should follow it. The facts forced him to
By Wilfrid Ward. New York: Macmillan & Co. *** | the front. He assumed the leadership, for


1889.]
101
THE DIAL
himself at all events. He insisted that Cath- Egyptian darkness. He was a fair scholar,
olic ideas existed full-blown and complete in wrote measurably correct but prosaic Latin and
the present Church of Rome; if he and his grotesquely-wooden English verses. His life
fellows could hold all the Tridentine theology was passed in an ideal world, and he had
in the English communion, and so leaven that neither eyes nor ears nor thumbs nor fingers
communion as to bring it to the standard of for any other. His pencils wouldn't write be-
Papal Christendom, well and good: if not, cause they had never been sharpened. When
he for one would go where he belonged. Pres- he came to the top of the school he insisted
ently he went, not as a priest but as a married upon his authority as prefect with unpopular
layman. Newman, no long time after, followed but characteristic conscientiousness. Brusque
him, and the Oxford Movement went on, into in manner and unwieldy in person, he was
the Church of Rome on the one hand, and as sweet and sunny in nature, though there was
a peculiar current in the Church of England always a certain “ background of melancholy.”
on the other. This is not the place to discuss He cultivated high spirits as a refuge from de-
its influence in all its range. He would be a pression, certainly with unusual success, for
blind reader of the signs of the times who did his mirth ran riot in endless comical inci-
not perceive its gains and its losses, its imme- dents.
diate services and its drawbacks and perils. At seventeen Ward went from Winchester
But let us leave the movement and look at to Oxford, where he found himself in good
the man ; for he is well worth looking at. We company, with Roundell Palmer and Robert
may easily miss the meaning, or over-measure Lowe, Stanley the future Dean, and Tait the
or under-measure the importance, of an historic future Archbishop. The awkward youth found
current; but there is no mistaking the interest congenial environment, and soon became a
of a strong and peculiar human personality. power; was the “ Tory chief” in the Union
The logician, the ecclesiastic, may fail to move Debating Society, and very soon its president.
us, or may only stir us to lively opposition ; but He was rapid in speech, clear in thought, sim-
if the man's a man for all that, he is a rich ple in diction, intensely earnest in mood, with
possession. There are not enough of his kind an effective bass voice and a weighty manner.
to lower his value.
He had little ambition, and never became a
George William Ward was born in London serious student until family circumstances made
in 1812. His father was a Tory M.P. and a his success important; then he set himself to
famous cricketer. The family was of the upper work and won his second class in mathematics
middle class, with both political and literary and classics, a scholarship at Lincoln, and an
distinction. There was a strain of recent Span open fellowship at Balliol. He loved walking
ish and former Italian blood in it. Believers and talking, desultory reading and florid mu-
in heredity might consider Mr. Ward's subse- sic. He enjoyed argument and paradox, was
quent career an instance of atavism. The boy | a remorseless antagonist, with a mischievous
showed early individuality. He liked music delight in making listeners stare. He scorned
and the drama and mathematics intensely; timidity and half-way opinions. He laid on
would read equations between the acts of a his colors with the palette knife, and did little
play, and cry at the fall of the curtain. He to blend the tones afterward. For him, a
detested idleness and hated society. He was thing was so, or was not so; and if so, it was
clumsy and awkward. His fingers were all very much so, quite absolutely so always. He
thumbs. He could be “ bored to death” on indulged himself in what has been called “in-
the least provocation, and give vent to his pain verted hypocrisy," and showed himself in the
with appalling frankness. At school he was worst lights the facts would admit of. So far
no more happy than his schoolmate, Anthony from putting all his goods in the shop window,
Trollope. He was never a boy in his youth, he would rather display a bare counter and
and by compensation always a boy to his age. close his shutters if he had not a complete
He was of curious simplicity and charming stock. Always mirthful and genial when most
good-humor. His memory and accuracy were in earnest, he never lost his temper, and would
remarkable. When he was right he was sure transfix you with a syllogism while retaining
he was right, and no one could shake his con- an angelic and infantine smile. He cared
viction. When he did not know everything nothing for facts apart from principles, and
he was equally sure that he knew nothing. If ranked meaningless historic details with vil-
he lacked fulness of light he owned to sheer | lage gossip. He was a good listener, and


102
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
always ready to hear the other side. It was a position, and when he was convinced that the
treat to hear him argue, “ subtle at tierce and English Church was beyond his moving, had
quart of mind with mind.” He knew his own no hesitation and little pain in abandoning it.
worth, and yet exaggerated his own deficien- Before this, however, Ward fastened upon a
cies, declaring himself intellectually forcible hero and saint for his temporary guidance in
and morally “ most disedifying.” He defended John Henry Newman, then at the height of his
his carelessness of dress on the ground that he influence. That influence Ward at first re-
never was anywhere but in Oxford and Lon- sisted, and it is curious to know that it was he
don ; that in Oxford everybody knew who he who held back Stanley when he came under
was, and in London nobody.
the spell of Newman's subtle eloquence. Pres-
From childhood, beneath the shyness and ently, however, Stanley passed out of the magic
frolic and cleverness there had always been with circle, and Ward moved into it. He had no
Ward a serious purpose. He meant somehow large knowledge of history, and therefore re-
to serve God. He was “ Quixotic as any Pu- / garded himself profoundly ignorant of it. So
ritan” in his submission to principle, capable he took facts and principles alike from his
of wrath and indignation at moral failures. 1 master, and summed up his belief in the one
He began his course in adhesion to Mill and sufficient phrase, “ Credo in Newmannum.”
Bentham, who, however heterodox, were pro The adhesion was not perfect nor final, how-
foundly serious minds. He was a warm ad ever intense for a season. Presently the dis-
mirer of Dr. Arnold, whose moral earnestness ciple, who passed abruptly from conviction to
was his most marked characteristic. He fol- action, outstripped the laggard, hesitating foot-
lowed for a time the lead of Whately, who was steps of his master. While Newman paused
clear as crystal, and knew precisely what he and pondered, dallying with high imaginations,
held and why he held it. With Ward, religion withheld by a whole world of precious associa-
was not a matter of opinions, but of life; of notions, Ward made his swift resolve, and took
external decorums, but of personal holiness. his fixed place with the Roman Church. He
He was, as Tennyson styles him, “ the most never 6 watered down” his convictions to suit
unworldly of mankind.” His intellectual as- | temporary occasions. He did not care to be
surance and moral intensity secured his per- “ consistent” if he could be 6 simply true.”
sonal independence. His " faith and work," Ward was mathematical tutor at Balliol from
again to quote the Laureate, “were bells of | 1834 to 1841. Stanley and Clough were among
full accord.” He was severe in his self-criti- his pupils; Jowell, Northcote, Goulburn, Tem-
cism, and when his own conscience was con- ple, among his friends. All who came in con-
tent all the world might hoot in vain. Indeed, tact with him “ felt the tight grip of his logic,”
its hootings became fairly musical to his un- which left its marks on them for life. All felt
ruffled ear. This self-poised character gave his purity, sincerity, devotion. He valued in-
him great weight. In spite of his eccentrici- tellect only for its moral uses, as an instrument
ties of opinion, others leaned upon him, finding and not an end. He treated success in the
mente non lyn mondes moral use so as an instrum
his strength of character “good to tie to,” if schools, and in life, as quite subordinate to the
we may employ the Western idiom.
formation of character. Men who came most
And yet, this self-poised nature craved a to differ from him always loved and valued
dominant authority. His earnest cry was, him. Their reminiscences of him are among
“ Give me a guide.” Where the Protestant the most delightful parts of this pleasant vol-
is content with the leading of an unseen spirit, ume. Only upon Clough's sensitive spirit was
Ward needed a visible person and a palpable his work disastrous. Ward recognized that his
organism—the Pope and the Church. Himself over-direct, rough-and-ready methods had been
a restless thinker, he came to distrust the re- too severe for that delicate nature. Ward's
sults of mere thinking, and to test dogma | paradoxes mystified Clough. “You must be-
chiefly by the saints who had held it and been lieve nothing or believe all," said the tutor.
formed by it. “Holy men," he wrote, “ are “ It must be nothing, then," seemed Clough's
the great fountains from which moral and | melancholy but inevitable answer.
religious truth flows to the world ; if a rev | Mr. Wilfrid Ward promises another vol-
elation be given, they are its authorized inter-ume, sketching the later years of his father's
preters.” He thought he found the saints life as a Roman Catholic layman. Those years
mainly in the Roman Communion. He sought were passed, first as a teacher in a seminary
to bring the English Church to the Roman for candidates for the Roman priesthood, after-


1889.]
103
THE DIAL
ward as a man of property upon the family are not all the qualities of great poetry, and we
estates. Dr. Ward died a few years since, at must doubtless still look to Milton for state-
an advanced age, keeping to the last his Papal lier harmonies, and to Shakespeare and Tenny-
convictions and his Protestant friendships un son for diviner inspirations and deeper words
impaired. If his son can give the world as of wisdom, than Mr. Swinburne has had to
candid and attractive an account of those riper offer ; but the time has certainly passed for
years, to which we owe the strong volumes on the dullest and least competent of readers to
“The Philosophy of Theism,” he will do us deny in the later poet the greatness of those
good service, and be very welcome to all who talents which are indisputably his.
care more for character than opinions, and The new volume is certainly the equal of its
value a book rather for its contents than its two predecessors. In average excellence it
imprimatur. . C. A. L. RICHARDS.
probably surpasses them, for its every poem
has the marks of finished workmanship, while
the earlier - Poems and Ballads” were in
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.*
many cases tentative and imperfect realiza-
tions of the poet's ideals. The new volume
About once in a dozen years, it seems, Mr. presents, also, within its comparatively narrow
Swinburne gives us a volume of “ Poems and limits, a great variety of both form and sub-
Ballads." The new volume is the third bear ject matter. It sings of the sea as only Mr.
ing this title, the first and second having been Swinburne can sing of the sublimest work of
published in 1866 and 1878 respectively. creation ; it breathes the patriotism and the
Were these three volumes the sole fruits of ardor of devotion to human freedom that have
his genius, we should have no cause to charge found in him their most eloquent spokesman
the writer with sterility, or to assign him a among the later English poets ; in its personal
place much lower than the highest among the passages it gives the tenderest of expressions
poets of his generation. These three volumes to the emotions of love and friendship. In its
exhibit in their full flower the various aspects strictly artistic aspect it ranges from the sim-
of his lyric activity ; and, in spite of the mag plest of childhood songs to the majestic ana-
nificent series of dramatic poems, from “ The pæstic octometer, which is here attempted for
Queen Mother” and “ Atalanta in Calydon" | the first time in English verse, and from the
to “Marino Faliero ” and “Locrine,” it is concentration of the old ballad form to the
essentially as a lyric poet that he has earned splendid expansion of thought and feeling
his immortality. Such poems as “ The Hymn found in the ode to the Spanish Armada. In
to Proserpine ” and “ Ave atque Vale," in the the poem just mentioned, the capital event in
first and second series, and - The Armada" | English history finds, for the first time in
in this third series, mark the high tide of a three centuries, an adequate expression in
flood of song which, for absolute mastery of English poetry. The subject was one to enlist
material and richness of rhythmic resource, Mr. Swinburne's noblest sympathies, and the
outsweeps everything else in English poetry, performance is all that could be hoped, even
with the possible exception of Shelley. These from such a theme handled by such a man.
The far-reaching consequences and the tre-
* POEMS AND BALLADS. Third Series. By Algernon Charles
mendous significance of the victory won by
Swinburne. New York: Worthington Co.
THE BIRD-BRIDE. A Volume of Ballads and Sonnets. By
England and the sea over Spain, in that sum-
Graham R. Tomson. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. mer of 1588, are here brought home to the
THE AFTERNOON LANDSCAPE. Poems and Translations. mind as by no other description of the event
By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. New York: Longmans,
in our literature. The metrical wealth of this
Green & Co.
THE CUP OF YOUTH, AND OTHER POEMS. By S. Weir
ode is such that each of its seven divisions de-
Mitchell, M.D., LL.D. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. serves special illustration. As we have no
THE CHILDREN, AND OTHER VERSES. By Charles M. Dick space for such extended quotation, we must be
inson. New York : Cassell & Co.
contented with a passage from the closing di-
THROUGH BROKEN REEDS. Verses by Will Amos Rice.
vision, which is perhaps the most wonderful of
Boston: Charles H. Kilborn.
HORACE. The Odes, Epodes, Satires, and Epistles. Trans-
them all. The passage should be given a first
lated by the most Eminent English Scholars and Poets. New reading for the general effect, and a second
York : Frederick Warne & Co.
for the special study of its system of rhyme
THEOCRITUS, BION, AND MOSCHUS. Rendered into Eng-
lish Prose, with an Introductory Essay. By A. Lang, M.A.
and accentuation. Without such study, much
New York: Macmillan & Co.
of the poet's art (which, like all good art, is


104
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
not obtruded) is likely to be passed over un with the lovely dedications that bring the other
observed.
“ Poems and Ballads” to so graceful a close.
“England, queen of the waves whose green inviolate girdle A final word of praise must be given to the
enrings thee round,
translation of the two quatrains which visitors
Mother fair as the morning, where is now the place of thy
foemen found ?
to San Lorenzo read inscribed upon the statues
Still the sea that salutes us free proclaims them stricken, of Day and Night in the Medicean sacristy.
acclaims thee crowned.
The second of these—that which Michelangelo
"Times may change, and the skies grow strange with signs himself wrote—is thus given :
of treason and fraud and fear:
Foes in union of strange communion may rise against thee
"Sleep likes me well, and better yet to know
from far and near:
I am but stone. While shame and grief must be,
Sloth and greed on thy strength may feed as cankers wax-
Good hap is mine, to feel not, nor to see:
ing from year to year.
Take heed, then, lest thou wake me: ah, speak low."
“Yet though treason and fierce unreason should league and
It would be difficult to match this in the whole
lie and defame and smite,
range of English poetical translation.
We that know thee, how far below thee the hatred burns
Sonnets and ballads, roundels, and other
of the sons of night,
We that love thee, behold above thee the witness written forms of sweet, old-time, exotic verse, are the
of life in light.
measures of a volume entitled - The Bird-
“Life that shines from thee shows forth signs that none may Bride,” by Graham R. Tomson. It is a rarely
read not but eyeless foes :
skilful hand that touches the lyre whereon
Hate, born blind, in his abject mind grows hopeful now but
as madness grows :
these songs are wrought, and it is an exquisite
Love, born wise, with exultant eyes adores thy glory, sensibility that they reflect. In many of them
beholds and glows.
it seems that finish outvies feeling, genuine
“Truth is in thee, and none may win thee to lie, forsaking and tender as the latter is. We like " A Way-
the face of truth:
Freedom lives by the grace she gives thee, born again from
side Calvary” as well as any of these poems.
thy deathless youth;
" The carven Christ hangs gaunt and grim
Faith should fail, and the world turn pale, wert thou the
Beneath the blue Picardian skies,
prey of the serpent's tooth.
And piteous, perchance, to him
"Mother, mother beloved, none other could claim in place of
Seems every man that lives and dies,
thee England's place;
Here, hid from hate of alien eyes,
Earth bears none that beholds the sun so pure of record, so
Two hundred Prussians sleep, they say,
clothed with grace;
Beneath the cross whose shadow lies
Dear our mother, nor son nor brother is thine, as strong or
Athwart the road to Catelet.
as fair of face.
" · Mid foes they slumber unafraid,
“How shalt thou be abased ? or how shall fear take hold of
Made whole by death, the cunning leech,
thy heart? of thine,
Anear the long white roadway laid
England, maiden immortal, laden with charge of life and
By his cold arms, beyond all reach
with hopes divine ?
Of Heimweh pangs or stranger's speech :
Earth shall wither when eyes turned hither behold not light
Of curse or blessing nanght reck they,
in her darkness shine.
Of snows that hide nor suns that bleach
The dusty road to Catelet.
“England, none that is born thy son, and lives by grace of
thy glory, free,
“ Of garlands laid or blossoms spread,
Lives and yearns not at heart and burns with hope to serve
The Prussians' sun-scorched mound lies bare;
as he worships thee;
But thin grass creeps above the dead,
None may sing thee: the sea-winds' wing beats down our
And pallid poppies flutter fair,
song as it hails the sea.”'
And Aling their drowsy treasures there
Beneath the symbol, stark and grey,
The volume has many other noteworthy
That hath the strangers in its care
poems. The group of English and Scotch bal-
Beside the road to Catelet.”
lads afford new evidence of the author's re The lady whose first volume is now published,
markable ability to imitate forms of verse no and who can write such verse as the above, is
longer to be regarded as living. “ The Com a welcome addition to the well-trained choir of
monweal” is a jubilee song of fifty stanzas Victorian singers.
in praise of England.“ A Ballad of Bath”. | Mr. Thomas Wentworth Higginson has col-
has all the grace and dreamy restfulness of the lected the occasional pieces of verse to which
city which it sings. The group of childhood he has given fugitive publicity from time to
poems are all that we might expect from the time, into a thin volume entitled “The After-
poet of " A Dark Month.” The sonnet on noon Landscape.” This title would be appro-
the death of Sir Henry Taylor and the poem priate enough if the pieces to which it is given
in memory of John William Inchbold are beau- were representative of the afternoon moods of
tiful pieces of commemorative verse ; and the his life as a man of letters, but hardly belongs
dedication, to W. B. Scott, is one in spirit to a volume a large portion of whose contents
in
all the grasings. Thecht expect !


1889.]
105
THE DIAL
must be referred to his earlier years. Mr. in which Galileo figures. He is made to speak
Higginson's verse is refined and scholarly, but in a way which reminds us faintly of Roger
the sources of its inspiration are not very deep. Bacon in “ Master and Scholar,” that noble
There is also a surprising lack of finish in but little-known poem of the Dean of Wells.
many of the pieces, and such harsh combina- | We have read with pleasure the titular poem
tions of sibilants as “ let thy thoughts soar,” of this volume, as well as the verses on Cer-
and “surgeon, who human hearts searchest vantes. They come as near to being true poetry
with probes,” are not uncommon. Nor does a as scholarship and refined instincts can make
fastidious reader like to see “ Haydn " rhyme them.
with “ laden,” or “ angel” with “ evangel.” Mr. Charles M. Dickinson, who, it appears, is
Of the original pieces, the sonnets 6 Since Cle the author of a very popular poem called “The
opatra Died” and “ To the Memory of H. H.” Children” (published extensively in newspa-
are those which we like the best, although pers and collections of fugitive verse), has col-
enjoyment of the former is sadly marred by lected into a volume some half a hundred poems,
the astonishing misquotation from Shakespeare many of which are quite as pretty as their more
which serves as the text. Instead of reading famous companion. We like particularly the
"I have lived in such dishonor that the gods
stanzas entitled “ By the River,” from which
Detest my baseness,"
we select the following:
Mr Higginson's version has
“ The sun had set, and left at his declining
“I have lived in such dishonor that the world
The stars, as pledges of his morning rise ;
Doth wonder at my baseness."
And all the river like a memory shining
Of its far native skies.
The critic has a right to wonder at such inac-
“ Thus, glory-laden, its soft watchword saying
curacy. A part of the volume is devoted to
To all the piers, it crossed their shadowed bars;
translations, for which we have only words of And overhead the Milky Way was straying -
praise. Of the many translations made of
A river deep with stars.
Sappho's “ Ode to Aphrodite " there is only “How like a holy thing, while there we pondered,
one, that of Mr. Symonds, which seems to us
Young Venus glowed upon the brow of even!
And earth, we knew, had lost her way and wandered
better than Mr. Higginson's. The ten son-
More than half way to heaven.
nets from Petrarch are the best that we have
“We knew it by the anchored moon entangled
ever seen in English. We quote, with the In tree-tops on the neighboring mountain's hem;
original for comparison, from Sonnet 24, “ In
By stars so near that all the grass, dew-spangled,
Made images of them;
Morte":
“Gli occhi di ch' io parlai si caldamente,
“By the deep hush, as if the whole earth listened
E le braccia e le mani e i piedi e 'l viso
To catch the vespers of the choir above;
Che m'avean si da me stesso diviso
And that near sense of heaven, when souls are christened
E fatto singular dall'altra gente ;
With first, fond thoughts of love."
Le crespe chiome d'ôr puro lucente,
Mr. Dickinson's verse is simple, religious in
E’l lampeggiar dell' angelico riso
Che solean far in terra un paradiso,
sentiment, and full of quiet pathos.
Poca polvere son, che nulla sente."
- I will not storm the walls of Fame” sings
Mr. Higginson's admirably faithful and poetic Mr. Will Amos Rice, in a volume of verse en-
rendering of this octave runs as follows: titled “ Through Broken Reeds "; and we are
“Those eyes, 'neath which my passionate rapture rose,
disposed to think the prediction a safe one.
The arms, hands, feet, the beauty that erewhile
“ The world is full of sad mistakes,” he ob-
Could my own soul from its own self beguile,
serves elsewhere in the same piece ; and we
And in a separate world of dreams enclose ;
The hair's bright tresses, full of golden glows,
can think of few sadder mistakes than that
And the soft lightning of the angelic smile
made by Mr. Rice in imagining that his verses
That changed this earth to some celestial isle,-
Are now but dust, poor dust, that nothing knows."
could be of interest to the public. The first
lines of all are these :
Besides the ten from Petrarch, there are two
“I hardly dare to make the run,
sonnets from Camoëns, translated with equal
The goal in sight seems all too small;
grace and finish.
Yet better should I venture all,
Dr. Mitchell's new volume, - The Cup of
Than never to have ventured none ?”
Youth, and Other Poems," is hardly as good We are not quite sure that we understand this
as the earlier one which we reviewed a year or query, but will hazard our reply in the neg-
more ago, and seems to be made up from the ative.
pieces left after the first selection. “ The Cup Readers who are unable to take their Hor-
of Youth” is a mediæval idyl, dramatic in form, ace otherwise than through the medium of an


106
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
English translation, can find no better presen-
tation of the Venusian bard than that offered
by the new volume of “The Chandos Classics.”
No translator of Horace can give satisfaction
in the long run, but a volume which, like the
present one, gives the best things of all the
translators, comes as near to being satisfac-
tory as any volume can. The editor has drawn
from many sources, including Jonson, Milton,
Dryden, Lytton, Calverley, and Martin, using
the standard version of Francis to fill in with
where better material was lacking,— for the
collection is nearly complete, and includes
most of the odes and epodes, the satires, epis-
tles, and the “ Ars Poetica.”
The “ Golden Treasury” series includes
nothing more golden than the recently added
little volume which contains Andrew Lang's
translation, into exquisitely musical prose, of
the idyls of Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus.
To the scholarly reader who is not master of
the original, such prose translations as these,
or as those made by Lang and others of the
“ Iliad ” and the “ Odyssey,” or as the prose
translations of Dante by Carlyle and Butler,
are far more satisfactory than any reproduction
in verse. One of Mr. Lang's delightful criti-
cal essays — on “ Theocritus and His Age”—
serves as a preface to the present volume.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
opposite methods, successfully pursued with the
maximum of energy and the minimum of waste
and friction, is endlessly suggestive to the student.
Much as has been written about both of these poets,
the last word has by no means been said touching
either. In Professor Alexander's “ Introduction
to the Poetry of Robert Browning” (Ginn) a seri-
ous attempt is made to develop one side of the
above antithesis. Scarcely any fault is to be found
with the book except its similarity in title to Pro-
fessor Corson's useful volume. Beyond the title
the similarity does not extend. The present volume
is a substantial addition to Browning literature.
The author has not made the mistake of attempt-
ing too much; he devotes himself to the exposition
and illustration of the main features of Browning's
bewildering genius, and he suceeds in making them
very clear to the reader. He devotes himself
mainly to the study of Browning's philosophy, his
attitude toward Christianity, his theory of art, and,
finally, his general “ development,” which is exhi-
bited in brief and vigorous analyses of typical works
of different periods of the poet's life. The style is
direct and plain, the points made are not super-
subtle, and, with all his admiration for Browning,
the critic's attitude is by no means that of prostrate
adoration. Best of all, the book is brief, the chap-
ters short, the treatment concise. Professor Alex-
ander is evidently aware that an introducer should
introduce and be done with it. Consequently, the
reader lays down his book with appetite not sated
but whetted.
MR. WILLIAM HENRY HULBERT'S “ Ireland Un-
der Coercion," a second edition of which is now
issued, will prove a valuable aid to readers who
wish to form sound conclusions respecting the pres-
ent actual condition and views of the Irish people
in Ireland. The bulk of the volume is the un-
glossed narrative, in diary form, of things seen and
conversations had during a series of visits to Ire-
land, between January and June 1888 — the au-
thor's interpretion of the facts noted being for the
most part reserved for the final chapter. To the
present edition a preface has been added at the re-
quest of the publishers (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.).
The volume is handsomely printed, and is furnished
with a sufficient index, and a map of Ireland show-
ing the “congested” districts. Granting the ac-
curacy of Mr. Hulbert's statements, the unbiassed
American reader will deduce from them the con-
clusion that by far the worst feature of the Irish
question to-day is—not “ landlordism," not govern-
mental coercion, not the grinding down of an op-
pressed race under the heel of foreign despotism,
— but the utter demoralization wrought among the
mass of the Irish people by the doctrines and prac-
tices of the Land League. There seems to be not
only that cheapening of human life inevitable in
revolutionary times, but a woeful disregard for the
most elementary ideas of truth and honesty. A
state of society in which the obligation of contracts,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
THE English literature of the nineteenth century,
had it no other claims to attention, would be forever
memorable by reason of the strangely contrasting
work of two contemporaries of noble character and
commanding genius. Starting in life at about the
same time and under well-nigh ideal conditions,
each consecrated himself to the service of the Muse,
and in that service each has spent a fruitful and
happy life, unhindered by the ordinary ills of the
scholar's career. The history of authorship is for
the most part a chronicle of wasted time, a pitiful
story of splendid powers spent like water in the un-
availing struggle. But the future historian of the
calamities of authors will find scant material in the
lives of Tennyson and Browning. Never before,
save perhaps in the Greece of Pericles, have so
many of the conditions making for a free spirit's
free expression been concentrated in a single age
and land ; and in Victorian England what genius
has had more unhindered expression than Tenny-
son's unless it be the genius of Browning ? The
opposite methods of these two great poets may be
crudely summarized in this antithesis: Tennyson
subordinates himself to his art; Browning subordi-
nates his art to himself. The spectacle of these


1889.]
107
THE DIAL
the solemnity of oaths, and the ordinary distinction In one of the earliest of that charming series of
between meum and tuum, are wantonly disregarded, letters which have recently been given to the world,
is not a hopeful one. Yet such seems to be the con- Edward Fitzgerald enumerates the books he has
dition into which the Irish in Ireland are rapidly been reading, among others Chaucer. But, he adds,
drifting. As a prominent Home Ruler remarked he has not been reading “ much in the way of knowl-
to our author, “ The Nationalists are stripping Irish edge.” Anyone who reads Chaucer in the edition of
men as bare of moral sense as the bushmen of South his " Minor Poems” published by Professor Skeat at
Africa.” The methods adopted to compass the pol- the Clarendon Press (Macmillan) will, unlike · dear
itical independence of Ireland are fast unfitting old Fitz," find himself in the way of reading much
Irishmen for good citizenship under any form of in the way of knowledge. This edition contains
government whatsoever. To the query of a certain 222 pages of text, 86 of introduction, 182 of notes,
Irish Nationalist, “ Would the United States receive and 58 of glossary, etc.; or a page and a half of
Ireland as a State ? " we are inclined to think that | apparatus to every page of text. Moreover, a round
most Americans will answer, “God forbid !” Mr. dozen lines, on an average, at the foot of each page,
Hulbert finds that the tales served up by Irish are devoted to variant readings. He must indeed
journalists — a proverbially imaginative class — be a poet of robust genius who, at the close of the
for American readers, as to the evils of “ Coercion,” fifth century after the completion of his work, can
etc., are somewhat highly colored; and that now bear such a burden of annotation as this. Such a
adays an eviction in Ireland for non-payment of poet Chaucer indubitably is. The study of these
rent does not materially differ from the same pro his minor works, and of the treasures of erudition
cess in America,- except that in America the pro- | here lavished upon them, must strengthen the con-
ceedings are much more summary. Indeed, since viction that he is one of the chief glories of our lit-
the Land Act of 1870, which really abolished class erature. Chaucer's star pales, undoubtedly, beside
war between landlord and tenant, legislation in Ire that of Dante,—who, although about as far from
land has been decidedly in favor of the tenant. The Chaucer as Shelley is from Swinburne, appears in
root of the present agitation in Ireland lies, not in the perspective of distance almost at his side. But
the historical part of English confiscations, but in Chaucer has important charms which Dante lacks,
the land theories of Mr. Henry George. National which give him a hold at least as secure as Dante's
ization of land is the definite aim of the Land upon the attention of the English world. He has
League, and the hazily defined hope of the Irish charms which grow ever rarer and more wholesome
tenant. Mr. George's doctrines, adopted and act as the world grows old and self-conscious and sad.
ively disseminated by the astute Michael Davitt, our He is a perpetual fountain of humor; he has no doc-
author conceives to be the core of the Plan of trines, no views, no -isms, to spring upon you at un-
Campaign "; and the chief obstacle in the way of wary moments; and despite the frequent foulness
the success of the “ Plan " will come from the Vat which he shares with mother Nature, he is almost as
ican. We hope that we do not misrepresent Mr. unconscious, and therefore almost as stainless as she.
Hulbert. He notes that a curious feature of the The charm of his mere language is sufficient to
situation in Ireland is that much more discontent make him worth reading. This charm has been
with the condition of life in Ireland is felt by those felt by poets as well as by philologers, from Spen-
who do not than by those who do live there; and ser, who was especially struck by his - English un-
that it is becoming extremely hard for “Agitators”. defiled," down to Lowell, who calls him one of the
to keep Irish tenants up to the proper pitch of an fortunate early-risers in literature, who find lan-
tagonism to their landlords—which we take to be a guage with the dew still on it. To return to Pro-
hopeful sign. Of “Coercion," as the term is under fessor Skeat, it is to be distinctly understood that
stood in America, the author saw literally nothing; this work of his is very important, being the first
the “ Coercion ” which he did see being not of a of its kind ever attempted. The editor has put a
government, but of a combination to make a par- generous interpretation upon the word minor in the
ticular government impossible — a “Coercion” car- title, for the edition includes such considerable
ried on by secret tribunals. Mr. Hulbert's book poems as “ The Book of the Duchess," " The Par-
bears the stamp of truth and sobriety of judgment; liament of Fowls,” and - The House of Fame.”
and should prove a strong contributory force to the The book is, after all, of moderate size and price,
growing tendency among thinking Americans to and there is no reason why any Chaucer-lover
take a serious and un-partisan view of this vexed should forego the advantage of availing himself of
Irish question. Let us fairly ask ourselves, “ Is the stores of illustrative and explanatory matter
Irish discontent in Ireland at present due to oppress with which the learned editor has enriched it. Pro-
ive legislation by the British government, or to the fessor Skeat deserves all the honor due to him who
misguided efforts of the “Agitator'?” In his pre first courageously and patiently performs a great
liminary chapter, Mr. Hulbert addresses some sal task from which others shrink. To look a gift-
utary advice, to those whom the cap may fit, as to horse in the mouth is always invidious; yet truth
illegal and impertinent meddling by American citi compels the critic to state that the editing has
zens in foreign affairs.
faults which this is not the place to point out in de-


108
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
tail. Two general strictures may be made. The walls, but which depended on the political relations
one is, that the editor seems to imagine himself to between England and Scotland, and the manner of
have a correcter metrical ear than Chaucer ; he life which grew up through Border warfare." We
actually has the temerity to disagree with a poet must emphasize again the great value of these town
like Lowell on a question of metre. His note to histories to the student reader of England's record.
“ The House of Fame," line 2119, is simply as No one can understand it thoroughly who does not
tounding in its revelation of metrical incompetency. grasp the significance of English civic life which
Coming from a less distinguished scholar, this note ran a career essentially different from that of the
would suggest length rather than delicacy of ear. urban communities of the Continent. Especially
The other stricture relates to an analogous defect with such a place as Carlisle, which united the
in literary perception. It is pathetic enough to characteristics of a municipality with those of a
find that an accomplished editor who devotes a frontier post, are we introduced to both the local
large part of his life to the study of so clear a poet and national life of the middle classes. Professor
as Chaucer, should be capable of such obtuseness Creighton has localized himself thoroughly, without
to his subtler charms as is here sometimes betrayed, losing aught of that broad vision which has given
(e. g., the note to line 14 of - The Complaint to him so high rank as a historian. “Much as I have
Pity'); sometimes, but not frequently : happily | learned from books,” he says, “I feel that I have
the erudite editor does not often lapse into literary learned more from many wanderings on foot
criticism.
through the Borderland.” Here we are in the com-
pany of many of those great nobles of the North,
THE “ Epochs of Church History” series (Ran-
whose power and magnificence survived feudalism
dolph) contains some valuable material. In his
because the Warden of the Marches must needs be
“ History of the University of Cambridge,” Mr. Mul-
a king in miniature. “Belted Will Howard,” how-
linger not only gives an epitome of his monumental
ever, appears not as the rough rider of Scott's poem,
work on that subject, but instructively sketches the ' but as a scholarly gentleman and wise statesman.
methods of mediæval education. Ugo Balzani's
" The Popes and the Hohenstaufen,” by its admira- In his “ New Material for the History of the
ble and independent treatment of a most interesting American Revolution” (Holt) translated from the
but most perplexed period, makes us look forward documents in the French archives, Mr. John Du-
with expectation to the “ much larger and more rand has made a serviceable contribution to the
detailed work ” on the subject which the author sources of study of the French relations with Amer-
promises us in the preface. Hunt's “The English ica during the period of the Revolution. In the
Church in the Middle Ages' well fulfils its declared absence of a translation of the extensive work of
intention “to illustrate the relations of the Eng- | M. Doniol, which was not published when Mr. Du-
lish Church with the Papacy and with the English rand prepared his book, students of the period who
State down to the revolt of Wyclif . . . and the do not read French, or who will not care for the
Great Schism," although we should have been glad larger collection, will be interested in the new light
to see the nationalizing influences of the insular thrown by these documents upon such subjects as
church dwelt on more fully. Prof. Ward's “ The the relations of Beaumarchais to our government,
Counter-Reformation” traces the efforts of the Pap and the actions and views of the French ministers
al church, under the stimulus of the Reformation, to this country, Gérard de Rayneval and Chevalier
to regenerate itself and to regain its losses, from de la Luzerne. The information upon the secret
the Pontificate of Paul III. to the merging of relig debates of the Continental Congress, the cabal
ious into secular politics during the Thirty Years against Washington, and the schemes of the politi-
War. The movement is too large and complex for cians of the time, is particularly valuable.
this little book to be anything more than a mere
thread of narrative though its mazes, but the clue Ex-MINISTER CURRY'S “ Constitutional Govern-
given in the preface is easily kept to the end, where ment in Spain” (Harper) is not a satisfactory book
religion and politics are plainly see on the thresh- | to those who read in the preface that it is a contri-
old of their divorce.
bution to "a better understanding of the progress
of constitutional and free government,” for by Mr.
No English city has a more interesting history Curry's own showing Spain is incapable of either.
than Carlisle, whether as “a centre of provincial In his chapter on the disgraceful coup d'etat of
life” or as a “ Border” town, from the time when | 1874, he says: “Constitutional limitations have no
it housed a portion of the famous legion which force. Supposed political necessity justifies any
looked out over the Roman Wall, to the days when assumption. Discretion is the measure of power.”
it shamefully surrendered to Prince Charlie. Pro As we read, we clearly see that a republic - with
fessor Creighton's monograph adds another volume | agents having the indecision of Figueras, the pli-
to the very valuable series of “Historic Towns” ancy of Pi y Margall, the ideologism of Salmeron,
(Longmans). We are fortunate in that the author the theatrical spirit of Castelar, had not a hopeful
finds the story of the development of town life outlook,” especially when the only other bidders for
under circumstances not confined within the city power were the soldiery, who “regarded themselves


1889.)
109
THE DIAL
FALL AXXOUXCEMENTS.
THE DIAL is able to present herewith a classified
list of the books thus far announced for Fall issue by
the various American publishers. Pains have been
taken to make the list as comprehensive and as rep-
resentative as possible; and while lack of space has
necessarily limited the number of minor works which
could be included, it is believed that no very important
title has been omitted, except through the failure of the
publisher to supply the necessary information. The
list is a good one, and will, we are sure, be of interest
and use to our readers; while the publishers are to be
congratulated on the evidences of enterprise and pros-
perity which it affords.
as the sovereigns of the nation, the true arbiters of
its destiny, as the saviors, and hence claimed the
right to rule.” Mr. Curry's quotation in the same
connection is perennially suggested in Spain--Inter
arma silent leges. The book is an important con-
tribution as a sketch of the facts, but the facts do
not enable one to see any true progress.
We have already spoken in terms of praise of
the series of “ English History by Contemporary
Writers” (Putnam). T. A. Archer now furnishes
an admirable selection illustrating “ The Crusade of
Richard I.” He has drawn'upon both European
and Arabian writers, but he has added of his own by
measurements from the Palestine Exploration Sur-
vey's Ordnance map Maps and cuts of military
engines elucidate the text, and a full appendix
discusses the authorities, and gives explanation of
mediæval coinage and warfare, the Mohammedan
calendar, and related subjects. One of the heroes of
all English boyhood is thus made to live before us
in the very “ form and pressure" of his time. The
traditional knight-errant gives place to the man who,
as Green truly says, “ was far from a mere soldier ;"
rather, “he was at heart a statesman, cool and pa-
tient in the execution of his plans as he was bold
in their conception.”
Two more volumes of Putnam's “ Nations”
series are “ The Story of Phænicia," by Canon
Rawlinson, and “ Mexico," by Susan Hale. Canon
Rawlinson is at home among the Semitic peoples,
and handles this, his latest subject—so difficult be-
cause of its lack of unity—with great skill. The
book is one of the best of the series, and one of the
most needed, making a more convenient and more
scholarly substitute for Kenrick’s Phænicia. The
work on Mexico is a popular sketch, laying no
claims to originality or scholarship. A good brief
history of Mexico is still to be written, no longer in
the school of Prescott, but one that, making use of
more recent researches, shall take the epical narra-
tives concerning the Conquistadores cum grano
salis. Too much space is here given to the prehis-
toric period, and the times from Charles the Fifth
to the Revolution are allowed scant ten pages.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Garrison, William Lloyd: The Story of his Life told by his
Children. Vols. III.-IV. (completion.) Illus. Cen-
tury Co. $6.00.
Franklin, Benjamin. By John T. Morse, Jr. “ American
Statesmen." Houghton. $1.25.
Cass, Lewis. By, Prof. A. C. McLaughlin. "American
Statesmen." Houghton. $1.25.
Jay, John. By George Pellew. “American Statesmen."
Houghton. $1.25.
Edwards, Jonathan. By Prof. A. V. G. Allen. “American
Religious Leaders.' Houghton. $1.25.
Hodge, Charles. By Francis L. Patton, D.D. "American
Religious Leaders." Houghton. $1.25.
Fisk, Wilbur. By Prof. George Prentice. “Am. Religious
Leaders.". Houghton, $1.25.
Muhlenberg, William Augustus. By Rev. W. W. Newton.
"American Religious Leaders." Houghton. $1.23.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, Life of. By her son, Rev. Charles
E. Stowe. Illus. Houghton.
Dana, Richard H., Jr., Life of. By Charles Francis Adams.
2 vols. With portraits. Houghton.
Van Buren, Martin, Life of. By George Bancroft. Harper.
Gozzi, Count Carlo, Memoir of. Tr., with Essays, by John
Addington Symonds. Illus. Scribner and Welford.
Thiers. By Paul de Rémusat. “Great French Writers."
Tr. by M. B. Anderson. McClurg. $1.00.
Steele, Richard, Life of. By George A. Aitken. 2 vols.
With portraits. Houghton.
Hazlitt, William, Essayist and Critic. By Alexander Ireland.
“Cavendish Library.” Warne.
Russell, Lord John, Life of. By Spencer Walpole. 2 vols.
Longmans.
Portraits of Friends. By Principal Shairp. Houghton.
Great Leaders : Historic Portraits from the Great Historians.
Compiled and edited by G, T. Ferris. Appleton.
Lavigerie, Cardinal, and Slavery in Africa. Longmans.
Graham of Claverhouse : A Scot's Biography. By a Southern.
Longmans.
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erts. $1.00.
Saint Theresa. By Mrs Bradley Gilman. "Famous Women."
Roberts. $1.00.
Hone, Philip, Diary of. Edited by Bayard Tuckerman.
2 vols. "Dodd. $7.50.
Howitt, Mary: An Autobiography. Edited by her daughter.
2 vols. Mus. Houghton.
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Train. Appleton.
Duke of Wellington's Letters to Miss J. Dodd. $1.75.
Dickens's Letters, 1833-1870, A Collection of. Scribner.
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work.) Houghton.
United States, Genesis of the. By Alexander Brown. 2 vols.
Houghton. $15.00.
Colonies, The. (1492 - 1763.) By Reuben Gold Thwaites.
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Hart. “ Epochs of American History.” Longmans.
Division and Re-union. (1829-1889.) By Woodrow Wilson.
* Epochs of American History." Longmans.
PROFESSOR SKEAT has published at the Claren-
don Press (Macmillan) a volume on the Native
Element in English Etymology, uniform in size and
appearance with the edition of Chaucer's “ Minor
Poems.” This work, at once elementary and tol.
erably exhaustive, may be praised with little reser-
vation. Students of the language will find it
extremely useful in connection with an etymolog-
ical dictionary, or with the etymologies in such a
dictionary as that of the Century Company. It is
a sounder, solider, less fanciful work than Profes-
sor Earle's English Etymology. The author pro-
poses to issue a “Second Series,” dealing particu-
larly with the Foreign Element in English, i. e.,
with the words that have become naturalized in the
language since the Norman Conquest.


110
(Sept.,
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wealths.” Houghton. $1.25.
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Mississippi, Recollections of. By Hon. Reuben Davis.
Houghton. $3.00.
Kansas Crusade, History of the. By Eli Thayer; with In-
troduction by E. E. Hale. Harper.
Boston, The Story of. By Arthur Gilman. “Great Cities of
the Republic." Putnam.
Old South Church, Boston, History of. By H. A. Hill. 2
vols. Illus. Houghton.
American History, A First Book in. By Edward Eggleston.
Illus. Appleton.
Story of the Nations, The. New volumes:-Hansa Towns,
by Helen Zimmern; Early Britain, by Alfred J. Church;
Russia, by W.K, Morfill; Vedic India, by Madame Rago-
zin, Putnam. $1.75 each.
France, A History of. By Victor Duruy, of the French Acad-
_ emy. Tr. by Mrs. M. Carey. With maps. Crowell. $2.00.
Europe, The Reconstruction of. From the Rise to the Fall
of the Second French Empire. By Harrold Murdoch;
with introduction by John Fiske. Houghton.
Roman People, A History of the. By Prof.W.F. Allen. Ginn.
Swedish Revolution under Gustavus Vasa. By Paul Barron
Watson. Little, Brown & Co. $2.50.
Tartuffian Age, The. By Paul Mantegazza. Tr. by Prof. L.
D. Ventura. Lee & Shepard. $1.25.
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Webster.
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Job, The Poetry of. By Dr. George H. Gilbert. McClurg. $1.
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Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland. By Jeremiah Curtin.
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Walpole, Horace, Letters of. Edited, with Introduction and
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Burns Concordance. By J. B. Reid. Little, Brown & Co. $8.50
Atlantic Monthly Index, 1857-1888. Houghton.
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Two Runaways, and Other Stories. By Harry Stillwell Ed-
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Memoirs of a Millionaire. A Novel. By Lucia T. Ames.
Houghton. $1.23.
Chita: A Memory of Last Island. By Lafcadio Hearn.
Harper.
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Hardy Norseman, The. By Edna Lyall. Appleton.
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Heaven. Roberts. $1.50.
Gold That Did Not Glitter. By the author of “Don Miff.”
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Feet of Clay. By Amelia E. Barr. Dodd. $1.25.
Wine Ghosts of Bremen, The. Tr. from the German of Wil-
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Metzerott the Shoemaker. A Romance of Christian Social-
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Consuelo. By George Sand. Tr. by Frank H. Potter. 4 vols.
Dodd. $6.00.
Korean Tales. Compiled and Tr. by Horace N. Allen.
Putnam.
Jack. By Alphonse Daudet. Tr. by Laura Ensor. Illus.
Routledge. $1.50.
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Epithalamium. By Mary Mathew Barnes. Illus. by Dora
Wheeler. Putnam,
New Pandora, The. A drama By Harriet H. Robinson,
Putnam.
Day Lilies, and Other Poems. By Jeannie 0. Smith. Putnam.
Verses, A Few More. By Susan Coolidge. Roberts. $1.00.
Acadian Legends and Lyrics. By Arthur W. Eaton. White
& Allen. $1.25.
City Legends. By Will Carleton. Illus. Harper. $2.00.
Wordsworth's Poetical Works. Chronologically Arranged.
Edited by Wm. Knight, LL.D. 8 vols. Illus. Macmillan.
Wordsworth, Select Poems of. Edited, with Notes, by W.J.
Rolfe. Illus. Harper.
Poems on Several Occasions. By Austin Dobson. 2 vols.
Dodd. $4,00.
Interludes, Lyrics, and Idylls. Selected from Lord Ten-
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Berlin, In and Around. By Mrs. M. B. Norton. McClurg. $1.
Algeria, Winter in. Text and illus. by F. A. Bridgman.
Harper. ..
Land of the Viking and Empire of the Tsar. By E. Frazer
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Illus. Putnam.
Russia in Central Asia in 1888. By Hon. George Curzon.
Illus. Longmans.
England and South Africa. By Edmund J. Gibbs. Longmans.
Jews of the Far East, The. By Rev. A. K. Glover.
Jacques Bonhomme : John Bull on the Continent. By Max
O’Rell. Cassell.
Yankee at King Arthur's Court, A. By Mark Twain. Illus.
Webster.


1889.]
111
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MUSIC AND ART.
Music and Musicians, Cyclopædia of. Edited by John Deni-
son Champlin, Jr. Vol. II. With etched portraits.
Scribner. $25.00.
Music, The Story of. By W.J. Henderson. Longmans.
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Pen Drawings and Pen Draughtsmen. By J. Pennell. Illus.
Macmillan,
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Gray, Asa, Scientific Papers of. Selected by C. S. Sargent.
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Astronomy, Familiar Talks on. With chapters on Geography
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Electricity and Magnetism. By A. Guillemin. Edited by
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Chemistry, Watts's Dictionary of. Revised and entirely re-
written. 4 vols. Longmans. $14,50.
Chemistry, Class-book of, on the Basis of the New System.
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Psychology, A Hand-book of: Senses and Intellect. By
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Animal Physiology, Text-book of. By Wesley Mills, M.D.
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Hygiene, Lessons in. By Mary H. Hunt. Appleton.
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Foreign Missions: Their Place in the Pastorate, in Prayer, in
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112
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