ntenance, and, I should think [sic] a nice
gland she dined at Mr. Hone's, and the enter-
person.”
tainment seems to have made an impression
The patronizing tone adopted by our diarist
upon her very different from that intended by
toward the novelist was suddenly dropped after
her host. After the actress had become Mrs.
the appearance of “ Martin Chuzzlewit." He
Pierce Butler, extracts from her common-place
then wrote:
book were published in a Boston paper, one of
“ If the scamp had no regard for his own character,
them giving a not very respectful account of
he ought to have had for ours, who made fools of our-
selves to do him honor.”
the dinner alluded to. Our author's quotations
and comments (in brackets) are much better
Yet, oddly enough, no better evidence can be
than his puns. Mrs. Butler wrote:
found in extenuation of Dickens's guilt than
" At five o'clock dressed and went to , where we
this very Diary of the irate Mr. Hone. Its
were to dine. This is one of the first houses here
pages fairly teem with accounts of shootings, [thank you, Madame !]’so I concluded that I am to
stabbings, riots, horse-whippings,- barbarities consider what I see as a tolerable sample of the ways
participated in by some of the most re-mark-
and manners of being, doing, and suffering of the best
society in New York. There were about twenty-five
able men in our country, sir,” as “ La Fay-
people. The women were in a sort of French demi-toi-
ette Kettle” might say. “ Colonel Divers,"
lette, with bare necks and long sleeves, heads frizzled
“ Zephaniah Scadders,” and “Gin’ral Chokes” out after the very last petit-courier, and thread-net hand-
abounded in Congress, and conducted them kerchiefs and capes,—the whole of which, to my En-
selves like a mob of palæolithic savages. We
glish eye, appeared a strange marrying of incongrui-
ties. ... The women here, like those of most
read, for instance, that in the House,
warm climates, ripen very early, and decay proportion-
“That superlatively dirty dog, Jesse A. Bynum, ally soon. They are, generally speaking, pretty, with
whilst Mr. Saltonstall was speaking, left his seat, went good complexions, and an air of freshness and brill-
near to that of Mr. Garland of Louisiana, whom he des iancy, but this, I am told, is very evanescent; and
ignated by the courteous appellation of a damn'd liar,' whereas, in England a woman is in the bloom of health
whereupon Garland seized Bynum by the collar and and beauty from twenty-five to thirty, here they scarcely
struck him. The latter seized a knife,"_etc., etc. reach the first period without being faded and looking
On another occasion in Congress,
old. . . . As for their figures, like those of French
women, they were too well dressed for one to judge
« A general mêlée took place; a man named Moore
what they really are like; they are, for the most part,
mixed in the fight, and discharged a pistol, the ball of
short and slight, with pretty feet and ankles; but there's
which passed through the door and lodged in the thigh
too much pelerine and petticoat and de quoi of every
of Mr. Wirt."
sort to guess anything more. . . . By the bye, the
In the lower House of Alabama, Major An man who sat next me at dinner was asking me all man-
thony, in the heat of debate, “ drew a large
ner of questions about Mrs. N., among others whether
she was as · pale as a poetess ought to be. . . .
knife, attacked his adversary, and killed him
The dinner was plenteous (that is the word) and toler-
on the spot.” Two well-known editors met in
ably well dressed, but ill-served; there were not half
a duel in which all kinds of weapons were per- servants enough to do the work, and we had neither
mitted, and we read that they rushed at each water-glasses •[in this, I think, she is mistaken; we
are never without them]'nor, oh, horror! that abso-
other, “hacking and slashing in slaughter-
lute indispensable--finger-glasses. Now, though I don't
house fashion "— with the usual slaughter-
eat with my fingers (except peaches), whereat, I think,
house results. Happening to glance from his l the aborigines [oh, for shame, Miss Kemble, to com-


288
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
ded"pose only of Ind words of
pare Mrs. Davis, General Fleming, and Dominick | Rock has been often told, but the evolution of
Lynch to wild savages !]' who were pealing theirs like the spirit of independence in Boston is none
so many potatoes, seemed to me rather amazed.”
too familiar to the general reader.
As to the finger-glasses, Mr. Hone adds, with
“The Story of Boston,” in the words of its
unconscious humor :
author, “ calls us to a study of Independency,"
“We have them in the house, but do not frequently
and as such the purpose of the book is wholly
use them.”
to be commended. Just so far, also, as the
As a general outline by a competent witness book is such a study it too is to be commended,
of the growth and development of New York and will be found helpful. In November, 1620,
from 1828 to 1851, Mr. Hone's Diary is of James I. of England formed the corporate
considerable value. Its interest, however, is body known as the “ Council for New Eng-
chiefly local, and its usefulness is impaired by land," which body, in March, 1628, sold the
editorial leniency, and, in a few not very im land that now includes Boston to a company
portant instances, editorial inaccuracy. There called the “ Massachewset.” This sale gave
is no apparent reason why Mr. Tuckerman the buyers no right to govern the land they
should close the final volume with the hymn had bought, and accordingly they sought and
" What is Prayer?” (the hymn is certainly obtained a charter, duly signed and sealed by
not by Mr. Hone), unless he means it as a sort Charles I., March 4, 1629. The territory was
of Te Deum over the conclusion of his labors. I then defined as extending from three miles
EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON. north of the Merrimac River to three miles
south of the Charles River, and from the At-
lantic to the “ South Sea”: not yet had the
BOSTON Town.*
people of England learned that a sailor could
The average American boy knows by heart
not go to the East Indies by way of the Charles
the story of the “ Boston Tea-party” and Paul
River. The charter provided that there could
Revere's ride, but he is not equally familiar
| be a governor, a deputy governor, and eighteen
with the picture of Samuel Adams, as he stood
"assistants," which body of men could make
before Governor Hutchinson demanding the
and enforce laws. An annual gathering of all
removal of British troops from Boston. Many
the “ Freemen” of the colony, under the name
a tender-hearted girl has wept over the suffer-
of the Great and General Court, was also au-
thorized.
ing endured by the American soldiers at Val-
ley Forge, but comparatively few are the eyes
As the quarrels between Charles I. and Par-
that have grown moist with sympathy for
liament became more serious, resulting often
hardship, equally severe, which came upon the
in the imprisonment of liberal-minded men,
soldiers who followed George Rogers Clark
the question arose why the Company, charter
across southern Illinois, in his heroic move-
and all, might not be carried across the sea
ment against Vincennes. Names that do not
and all the functions of government exercised
now cling to common memory, and deeds now
there as well as in England. Indeed, the gen-
unmentioned in school histories, or at best told
tlemen were free to come together for their
merely in a breath, await patiently their turn
meetings “on a ship in the Thames, for all
to set American pulses bounding. Not only
that the charter said ; and if perchance that
is this true of the immediate period of the
ship were to weigh anchor, and they should
struggle for independence, but of periods scores
find themselves sailing away toward America,
of years before that crisis. Evolution is the
ought the meeting to be stopped? If the pro-
magic word of the present generation. Hence,
ceedings should of right be stopped, how far
to understand Lexington and Bunker Hill,
might the vessel sail without making them
there is need that we go back further than the
illegal ?"
Stamp Act and Samuel Adams. The Revo-
These questions were presented to the Com-
lution had been evolved from the past; and
pany, and after individual deliberation of four
Samuel Adams, the father of the Revolution,
weeks, and after a wise discussion of them for
was himself the offspring of men and measures
two days in a special conference-committee of
worthy of their son. The story of Plymouth
twelve men, it was decided to transfer the
Company and charter to New England. Pres-
* THE STORY OF BOSTON : A Study of Independency. By ident Quincy, of Harvard College, afterward
Arthur Gilman, M.A., author of " The Story of Rome."!
Illustrated. “Great Cities of the Republic.'' New York:
called this “ the first and original declaration
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
| of independence.” The transfer of the charter


1890.]
289
THE DIAL
and the history of the colony founded under relates to the intercourse between Rossetti and Rus-
its provisions are described in detail. Prep kin: “Gradually the intimacy between the two
arations for the first voyage, the voyage, the friends relaxed. Rossetti, as he advanced in years,
settlement of Boston, its free government for
in reputation, and in art, became less and less dis-
half a century until the coming of a royal
posed to conform his works to the likings of any
mentor—even of one for whom he had so genuine
governor practically annulled the charter, the
an esteem as he entertained for Mr. Ruskin ; while
perpetual protests of the people against the
the latter, serenely conscious of being always in the
slightest abridgment of their liberties, the part
right, laid down the law, and pronounced judgment
Boston took in the great struggle of the Rev. tempered by mercy, with undeviating exactness.
olution, and the material, social, educational, At last the relations between the painter and the
and religious progress of the city down to the critic became strained—one was so earnest to en-
celebration in 1880 of the 250th anniver lighten the other, and that other so difficult to be
sary of its first settlement, all this is given
enlightened out of his own perceptions and predi-
us in - The Story of Boston.” Mr. Gilman
lections; and it may have been in 1865 or 1866
that Ruskin and Rossetti saw the last of one another
has gone over the whole ground and has gath-
-mutually regretful, and perhaps mutually relieved
ered a great deal of material. He has good
that it should be the last.” One portion of the
lumber,—so good, we wonder that he has not
present volume seems to us entirely useless--the
made a more attractive building. It would
eighty or more pages devoted to a prose paraphrase
seem that the failure were one of the joiner of " The House of Life.” Those who need a par-
rather than of the architect, for the first half aphrase to be able to understand that marvellous
of the book, in which one event naturally “ sonnet-sequence” are persons to whom the high-
suggests its successor, is well worthy to be est order of poetry cannot appeal, and to such the
read for what it claims to be—a Study of In paraphrase will prove hardly more intelligible than
dependency; while the remainder can hardly
the poems themselves. One has no business to be
be of great interest save for reference and to
reading poetry that he cannot understand without
the local reader. Perhaps the subject itself,
such aids.
as its story grows more and more distinct from In the third edition of Charles Darwin's - Struc-
that of the nation, compels a certain narrow ture and Distribution of Coral Reefs ” (Appleton)
ness and detail in treatment that become tire. | we have a reprint of the second edition (1874), with
some to the general reader.
an appendix by Professor T. G. Bonney embracing
The book contains some thirty illustrations,
a summary of the most important researches in the
same field since that date. A recognized classic in
among which are portraits of John Winthrop,
the history of geology, it is unnecessary to give a
James Otis, John Hancock and Samuel Adams;
resumé of the contents of this book, still less to dis-
also several valuable maps, which show the
cuss either pro or con the grand yet simple nature
changes in the city from 1722 — the date of of the theory which it offers concerning the origin
the earliest accurate map known — down to and history of the principal kinds of coral-reefs.
1889. The work has a complete index.
But we cannot refrain from recalling the import-
H. W. THURSTON.
ance of the original work (1842), as a contribution
to geological knowledge, nor the wonder and admir-
= = = = = = =
ation which it aroused in the geologists of half a
century ago. Previous to that time, the circular
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
shape of an atoll or ring of coral was held to mark
MR. W. M. ROSSETTI's recent tribute to the mem the outline of a submerged volcanic crater. Dar-
ory of his brother Dante Gabriel (Cassell) is in no win showed the insufficiency of this explanation, and
sense a biography of the great poet and painter. It pointed out how easily the rings of coral might
may rather be defined as a collection of materials have arisen from the upward growth of the reef-
for a biography, consisting, as it does, of random building corals round an island slowly sinking into
notes, gleaned from Rossetti's correspondence, and the sea. Regarding the vast regions of ocean dotted
mainly valuable as a means of accurately fixing the with coral islands as areas of gradual subsidence,
dates of most of his works. The writer has ar- he found examples of every stage of the process of
ranged his notes chronologically, and in two distinct growth, from the shore-reef just beginning, as it
sections, the former relating to the work of the were, to form round the islands, to the completed
painter and designer, and the latter to the work of atoll, where the last vestige of the encircled land
the poet. He has very properly refrained from the | had disappeared under the central lagoon. “If he
expression of any pronounced critical opinions upon | had written nothing else,” says Geikie, “ this treat-
that work, although the account is naturally given ise would alone have placed him in the very front
in sympathetic language. The following passage, rank of investigators of nature”; nor is this pre-
which is as interesting as any to the general reader, 1 eminence lessened by the fact that some more re-


290
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
cent researches by other observers seem to indicate and inadequate title, “ Physiological Notes on Prim-
that the wide-spread submergence demanded by ary Education and the Study of Language " (Put-
Darwin's theory is not required to account for the nam). The first article is divided into two, just as
present form and distribution of coral islands. Dar it was originally published in “ The Popular Science
win himself lived long enough to hear, but not to Monthly" for August and September, 1885, though
answer at length, the widely-different theory ad there is now no excuse for such a division. The
vanced by Mr. John Murray, one of the natural- article describes, under the heading “ An Experi-
ists of the “ Challenger” expedition. The researches ment in Primary Education,” the author's success
of Alexander Agassiz, H. B. Guppy, G. C. Bourne, in teaching a child of from four to seven summers
Bayley Balfour, W. 0. Crosby, and J. D. Dana the geometric forms and nomenclature, and some of
seem to indicate that the history of coral reefs may the simpler facts of geography, arithmetic, botany,
be more varied and complicated than was at first etc. The second article, published in the same
supposed, but nevertheless the careful reader will magazine, is a reply to Miss Youmans's defense of
be apt to agree with Professor Bonney that was the her method of studying botany, which method, as
evidence at present stands, it is insufficient to jus- set forth in Youmans's “ First Book of Botany,"
tify a decision adverse to the theory as a general had been attacked by Mrs. Jacobi. Miss Youmans
explanation.”
would have the child begin botany by studying the
MR. W. J. HENDERSON tells “ The Story of
leaf, as the simplest and the most accessible part of
Music” (Longmans) in an agreeable way. Begin-
the plant, while Mrs. Jacobi would begin with the
ning with Ambrosian and Gregorian chants, he fol-
flower, as the most showy and the most attractive
lows the history of the great modern art, through
part. The third article discusses “ The Place for
its various stages, down to “ Parsifal” and “Otello."
the Study of Language in a Curriculum of Educa-
He is concerned with the development of music
tion.” We are told that “there can be no antag-
itself, and not with the lives of its composers; and
onism between the study of things and the study of
consequently biographical and anecdotal material
words"; that “the first must initiate education, and
finds little place in his volume. In pursuance of
the second take it up where progress in the first has
his plan he “ has flitted from Rome to Venice, and
| become too difficult”; that “ to the study of words
from Paris to Vienna, whenever it was necessary
may be brought the scientific methods used in the
to show what was going on in all these places at
study of things—observation, analysis, comparison,
the same time.” He is capable of taking broad
classification”; and that “the child may thus begin
views, as appears in many passages, one of which
to be trained for physical science at a time when the
is so well put that we quote from it: “From the
pursuit of most physical sciences is impossible,” that
days of Vincenzo Galilei, Jacopo Peri, and Guilio
is, as our author intimates, between seven and four-
Caccini .. to the time when Gluck felt called
teen years of age. Mrs. Jacobi's style is far from
upon to take measures of reform in order to renew
perfect. When she remarks that too much “prom-
the dramatic significance of the opera, almost lost
inence is habitually assigned in education to the
through the folly and extravagances of the Italian
study of modes of literary expression,” we are
composers, there was a long and discouraging de tempted to reply that it was evidently not so in her
scent in operatie art. But it was less depressing,
case, else she would not use such sentences as the
taking into consideration the valuable lessons which
following: “The visual impression should be am-
Gluck taught and the wisdom which lovers of music plified up to the point at which it is able to fix itself
ought to have gained through experience, than the
on the mind by its own momentum ; therefore, with-
fall from • Orpheus' to · Lucia’ and · La Sonnambu-
out conscious effort.” The person who can write
la.' ” These are words to be weighed. Mr. Hender such sentences as that probably fails to understand
son is a good but discriminating Wagnerian. He says what literary expression means.
with equal truth that Wagner was the greatest mas-
We cannot speak too highly of President Myers's
ter of score that ever lived, and that “he is often a
text-books in history (Ginn). Three of them have
musical Carlyle, rough and uncouth in style, but pow-
appeared—“ Outlines of Ancient History," · Qut-
erful in matter.” That he “ possessed the greatest
lines of Mediæval and Modern History," and a
genius that ever sought expression through music,”
- General History.” They are written by a teacher,
appears to be less unquestionable. It savors of
who has borne in mind what so many makers of
lèse-majesté to the great memory of Beethoven.
The music of - Fidelio” still holds its own by the
text-books forget, that the books are for class-room
side of the music of “ Siegfried ” and - Die Meis-
use. He has succeeded in doing that most difficult
tersinger.” Mr. Henderson has supplied his book
thing to a text-book writer, especially in history-
he has made his books interesting; and it is the
with a very useful chronological table of birth-days,
testimony of students as well as of teachers who are
first productions, and other important matters.
using them that they are not only admirably adapted
In a little volume of 120 pages, large print, Mrs. to interest and instruct, but that they stimulate to
Mary Putnam Jacobi, M.D., has gathered up (with wider historical reading. We congratulate teachers
no hint that they have been published before) three of history on the appearance of these much-needed
magazine articles under the somewhat cumbrousi helps in their instruction, even while we note some


1890.]
291
THE DIAL
slight inaccuracies, and do not always endorse the | finest sailor of his day,” led a life to which great
principle of selection adopted. But let him who opportunity or great purpose never came, and the
asks perfection first try to write a general history, narrative of it must be a mere chronicle of petty
and his judgments will be more tolerant thereafter. adventures, with no other unity than the person to
whom they occur. The best that can be said is
THE “ Recollections of the Court of the Tuilleries”
that “his travels are to this hour foremost among
(Appleton) by Madame Carette, Lady-of-Honor to
the best-written and most interesting in the lan-
the Empress Eugénie, is not without a certain value
for its interior views of the life of Napoleon III.
guage.”
and the Empress Eugénie during their last ten years
of reign. Even anything so permissibly informal
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
as “ Recollections” ought, however, to be somewhat
February, 1890.
consecutive, and convey the sense of satisfaction American Archæology. J. W. Powell. Forum.
arising from a recognition of a beginning and an
American Bishop of To-day. J. H. Ward. North American.
America's Fourth Centenary. F. A. Walker. Forum.
end,—which these have not. Threads are dropped Andover Movement, Criticisms on the. Andover.
and picked up again in such fashion that it is some-
Agriculture and Single Tax. Horace White. Pop. Science.
Bailey, Dr. Gamaliel. Grace Greenwood. Cosmopolitan.
times difficult to know just what the writer is talk Behring Sea Question. Charles B. Elliott. Atlantic.
ing about. The chapter on Mexico, with the sad Bellamy and New Nationalist Party. F. A.Walker. Atlantic.
Boston Town. H. W. Thurston. Dial.
story of Maximilian and Carlotta, is the least open
British Capital and American Industries. E.Wiman. No. Am.
to objection on this account, and forms the most Browning's Message. J. T. Bixby. Arena.
Burdens in Real Production. M. I. Swift. Andover.
valuable part of the book.
Canadian Abestus. J. T. Donald. Popular Science.
Cellini, Benvenuto. Elizabeth W. Lattimer. Harper.
The new volumes of the “ English Men of Ac Chest Development Exercise. F. Lagrange. Pop. Science.
tion” (Macmillan) sustain the high excellence of the
Chinese Silk-Lore. Gen. Tcheng-Ki-Tong. Popular Science.
Chrysanthemums. Jean Dybowski. Popular Science.
series. H. D. Traill's life of Strafford is a well-
College Life, Moral Aspects of. C. K. Adams. Forum.
written sketch of “the historical representative of Comparative Mythology. A. D. White. Popular Science.
the Absolutist cause.” Mr. Traill maintains suc-
Congo, The Realm of. Tisdel and Glave. Century.
Congo Savages. Herbert Ward. Scribner.
cessfully the theory of Wentworth's apostacy from Davis, Jefferson, Pursuit and Capture of. Century.
the parliamentary party, which assumes that “he
Democratic Idea, Spread of the." G. M. Towle. North Am.
De Quincey. James Hogg. Harper.
placed himself at the head of that party in 1628 Dom Pedro. Frank Vincent. Cosmopolitan.
with the deliberate intent of making himself trouble-
Edison. George P. Lathrop. Harper.
Electric Lighting and Public Safety. W. Thomson. No. Am.
some to the king and his advisers, and wringing English Constitution. American History of the.
rican History of the Att
Atlantic.
from their fears the preferment which he had failed Ericsson, John. W.'C. Church. Scribner.
to obtain from their good-will.” The book is a just
Fastings and Starvation. M. C. Richet. Popular Science.
Garrison and Anti-Slavery Movement. Samuel Willard. Diai.
portraiture of a great master of government who George, Henry, and the Rum Power. C. B. Fisk. Arena,
fell, partly because the day of arbitrary personal
Georgetown University. J. J. Becket. Cosmopolitan.
Gibbons's (Cardinal) Late Work. T. B. Preston. Arena.
government—even with good intent—was passing, Glaisher, James. Popular Science.
partly because he served a master whom no man
Great Britain's Standing Army. Gen. Wolseley. Harper.
Greeley, Horace. Murat Halstead. Cosmopolitan.
could trust.
Greek Art, A Side Light on. Charles de Kay. Century.
JULIAN CORBETT's life of Monk, in the same
Gun Making. J. E. Greer. Cosmopolitan.
Hudson's Bay Trading Co. J. M. Oxley, Cosmopolitan,
series, vindicates one of the heroes who has been Hungary. W. H. Mallock. Scribner.
only partially known. Monk has been unfortunate
Idaho, An Archæological Discovery in. Scribner.
Immigrant's Answer. J. P. Altgeld. Forum.
in the most notable event of his career-the bring-
Industrial Partnership. N. P. Gilman. Arena.
ing of the Stuarts to curse again the land which had Industries, Localization of. J. J. Menzies. Popular Science,
rejected them ; but Mr. Corbett truly says: “ His
Italy and the Pope. Gail Hamilton. North American.
Jamaica. Howard Pyle. Harper.
greatest work was undoubtedly the disbanding of Japan's Constitution. K. Kaneko. Atlantic.
the great revolutionary army.” “He wound up
Jefferson, Joseph, Autobiography of. Century.
Knickerbocker Diarist, A. E, G. Johnson. Dial.
the English Revolution. It was what Cromwell Lake Dwellers. S. H. M. Byers. Harper.
strove to do, and failed, for the hour was not yet Land Question. Huxley, Spencer, and Others. Pop. Sci.
Landlordism in France. W. E. Hicks. North American.
ripe. With an exactness which it is impossible to
Madrid, Literary. W. H. Bishop. Scribner.
account for or ignore, Monk marked the hour when Newspapers. E. L. Godkin. North American.
it came, gripped it with confident decision, and the
New York Banks. Richard Wheatley. Harper.
Paris, A Corner of Old. Elizabeth Balch. Century.
fate of the sovereign who tried to set at naught the Physiology, New Method in Teaching. H. L. Osborn. Dial.
English Revolution proves the dull soldier was
Psychical Research. Richard Hodgson. Arena.
Poetry, Recent. W. M. Payne. Dial.
right.”
Property, Ethics of. W. S. Lilly. Forum.
MR. CLARK RUSSELL is not up to his usual at-
Railway Bridges. C. D. Jameson. Popular Science.
Rainfall on the Plains. S. 0. Henry. Popular Science.
tainment in his volume on Dampier, in the same Reality. F. H. Johnson. Andover.
series. But the fault is in the nature of his sub-
Revelation. G. P. Fisher. Century.
Shelley. Ouida. North American.
ject, not in his pen. Monk had a great opportu Social Problems. Edward E. Hale. Cosmopolitan.
nity, and used it. Strafford had his, and abused | Stage, Writing for the Alfred Hennequin. Forum.
State Rights. Jefferson Davis. North American.
it. Both rank high among men of action in the
| Suicide. S. Y. A. Lee. Vorth American.
large sense. But Dampier, while in truth “the | Woman's Immoral Influence in Literature. Arena.


292
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
(The following list includes all books received by The DIAL
during the month of January, 1890.]
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
The Writings of George Washington. Collected and
Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 volumes.
Vol. V., 1776-1777." Royal Svo, pp. 522. Gilt top. G.
P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00.
A Study of Ben Jonson. By Algernon Charles Swin-
burne. 12mo, pp. 181. Worthington Co. $1.50.
The Fables of John Gay. With Biographical and Crit-
ical Introduction. Edited by W. X. Kearley Wright,
F.R. Hist. Soc. New Edition. With 126 Illustrations.
12mo, pp. 313, Uncut. F. Warne & Co. 75 cents.
Falling in Love, with other Essays on more Exact Branches
of Science. By Grant Allen. 16mo, pp. 356. D. Apple-
ton & Co. $1.25.
A Theory of Conduct. By Archibald Alexander. 16mo,
pp. 111. Gilt top. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.00.
Dear Old Story-Tellers. By Oscar Fay Adams, author of
“Post-Laureate Idyls." Illustrated. 16mo, pp. 209. D.
Lothrop Co. $1.00.
Sept Grands Auteurs du Dix-Neuvième Siècle : An Intro-
duction to Nineteenth Century Literature. By Alcée
Fortier. 16mo, pp. 196. Heath's “Modern Language
Series." 60 cents.
Lamartine's Jeanne d'Arc. Edited, with Notes and a
Vocabulary, by Albert Barrère. 16mo, pp. 188. Paper.
D. C. Heath & Co.
Piron's La Métromanie : A Comedy, in Five Acts. With
an Introduction and Notes by Léon Delbos, M.A. 16mo,
pp. 175. Paper. D. C. Heath & Co.
ILLUSTRATED GIFT-BOOKS.
The Book of Wedding Days : Quotations for Every Day
in the Year. Compiled and Arranged by K, E. J. Reid,
May Ross, and Mabel Bamfield. With Devices and Dec-
orations for Each Page by Walter Crane. 4to. Vellum.
Longmans, Green & Co. $6.00.
BIOGRAPHY.
Shakespeare's True Life. By James Walter. Illustrated
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HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
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298
[March,
THE DIAL
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS' New BOOKS.
VOLUMES III. AND IV. Just PUBLISHED:
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
By HENRY ADAMS. Vols. I. and II.: The First ADMINISTRATION OF THOMAS JEFFERSON. $4.00. Vols.
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LITERATURE AND POETRY. THE POETRY OF TENNYSON.
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glish Language," " The Poetry of the Bible," " The Dies love a true poetry. It is the fruit of years of appreciative
Irae," "St. Bernard as a Hymnist," "The University--Past, , study of the poet. We owe the author a debt of thanks
Present, and Future," "Dante Alighieri," and many other ! for giving us this estimate, so careful, so scholarly, so full
interesting literary topics, revealing throughout the breadth of true devotion to poetry in its largest meaning."'- Rev.
of the author's learning, the acuteness of his critical faculty, James (). Murray, Professor of English Literature in Prince-
and the popular character of his method and style.
I ton College.
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he wilderness of Australia. The whole civilized
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angers.
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1890.]
299
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CHARLES DICKENS'S COMPLETE WORKS.
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The illustrations-half the value of a good edition of Dickens—are incomparably superior
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THE HOUSE OF THE WOLFINGS. By Wm. MORRIS. 1 vol., 8vo, cloth. Edition limited to 300 copies.
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of a remote past, and of peoples of a grand kind that civilization cannot assimilate. They live in the stories of their deeds,
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tion. We quote from the author's own introduction : “ The object of this particular study-startling in its truth so long as
society makes philanthropy a principle instead of regarding it as an accident-is to bring to sight the leading characters of a
class too long unheeded by the pens of writers who seek novelty as the
en not
only the legislator of to-day but him of to-morrow. In the midst of the present democratic ferent into which so many of
our writers so blindly rush, it becomes an urgent duty to exhibit the peasant who renders law inapplicable, and who has made
the ownership of land to be a thing that is, and that is not."'-- De Balzac,
Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the publishers,
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It is necessary t


300
[March, 1890.
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ature.
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IV.


THE DIAL
Vol. X. MARCH, 1890. No. 119. with the appearance of his “Catiline,” in 1852.
Its thesis is, that responsibility for guilt does
--- ---
--- -- -
not always lie at the door of the individual who
CONTEXTS.
commits the crime. Rome, not Catiline, is re-
sponsible for the troubles and anxieties occa-
HENRIK IBSEN. W. E. Simonds ....... 301
sioned by the conspirators' attempt. Here, as
RECENT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DISCUSSION.
elsewhere, he rebels against the fate of environ-
John Bascom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 ment. The State, and all its institutions, are
A MAN OF MANY FRIENDS. C. A. L. Richards . 306 boldly attacked, and weaknesses and defects
RECENT STUDIES IN CONSTITUTIONAL HIS remorselessly exposed and vigorously assailed.
TORY. James 0. Pierce ......... 308
The attitude which he then assumed, Ibsen
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........ 312
still to a great degree maintains. But let no
Davis's Recollections of Mississippi. – Uncle Dick
one suppose that Ibsen is a socialist, or even,
Wootton, the Pioneer Frontiersman.- Letters of the
for that matter, a republican. Every form of
Duke of Wellington to Miss J.-Murdock's Recon government within his ken is delusive. The
struction of Europe.-Lucy Larcom's New England State would have us its debtors : as a matter
Girlhood.-Anderson's Modern Horsemanship.- Van
of fact the State is tremendously the debtor to
Dyke's The Poetry of Tennyson.--Miss Selfe's Life
of Dr. Arnold of Rugby.-Paris' Manual of Ancient
all its citizens. “ The individual!” is Ibsen's
Sculpture.- H. H. Bancroft's History of Nevada, watchword ; and thus far none of Ibsen's crit-
Colorado, and Wyoming.- Markham's Life of John icisers has succeeded in interpreting to the
Davis, Navigator.-Allen's Korean Tales.- George
world precisely what the poet means.
Bancroft's Life of Martin Van Buren.
In 1862, the “Comedy of Love” appeared.
TOPICS IN MARCH PERIODICALS...... 315
Ibsen now turned his attention to the home
BOOKS OF THE MONTH . . . . . . . . . . 316 and the institution of the family. Again he
---- - -- held a mirror up to nature—a mirror that did
not flatter nor deceive. With a stern pitiless
HENRIK IBSEN.*
hand, he pointed out the wrinkles and blotches
Miss Lord's translation of Ibsen's comedy on the simpering face of a social life that he
drama “ Et Dukkehjem” was originally pub saw about him. Ruthlessly he dragged from the
lished in London in 1882. The American closets, whither the social pillars had agreed to
publishers have given us, apparently, a reprint banish them, the grinning skeletons, and left
of this translation in the dainty volume in green them gibbering there in all their nakedness.
and white which is now before us. There is The critics declared that it was out of his own
no hint of this earlier appearance, however, wretched experiences that Ibsen was writing.
upon the title-page.
The poet had married in 1857; his wedded
Inasmuch as all our knowledge of the dra life had not proved altogether happy, and there
matist's life and character has come to us upon was sufficient, perhaps, to give color to the in-
the ephemeral leaves of the magazines, a more sinuations of his enemies.
extended biographical sketch would have been From what has been said, the reader may
acceptable, especially as Miss Lord, in her form some idea of Ibsen's peculiarities of
brief essay on the philosophy and methods of thought and method. The State and Society
the playwright, is unable to do either the sub- are the culprits whom he arraigns, and whom
ject or herself the justice she perhaps intended. he charges with high crimes and misdemean-
Her exposition of the play and of the spirit of | ors. Each one of those dramas which are dis-
its truly great creator is commendable. The tinctively Ibsenian—if I may use the word—is
lady shows herself an appreciative reader; at merely a statement of some such specific charge.
the same time she is admirably fair towards His social dramas are assertions of social prob-
the critical philistines.
lems. He rarely suggests even an implied so-
Ibsen's career as a dramatist really began lution.
"I question for the most part, to answer is not my office,"
* THE Doll's House: A PLAY. By Henrik Ibsen. Trans-
i he declares plainly in his “ Emperor and Gal-
lated from the Norwegian by Henrietta Frances Lord. New
York: D. Appleton & Co.
| ilean" (1873).


302
[March,
THE DIAL
Our space will not permit us to examine the | intensifies and the suspense increases until the
later plays of Ibsen individually. They are dénouement occurs. Herein lies the secret of
variations and amplifications along the lines the success of this and all the other of Ibsen's
already indicated. It is these later dramas kindred dramas. Along with the poet's in-
which have made Ibsen's name familiar in sight and the cold clear logic of the philoso-
America as well as Europe. Their order is as pher, he possesses in an eminent degree the
follows: “ The Young Men's League” (1869), secret of the playwright's art, and knows well
“ Pillars of Society” (1877), “ The Doll's | how to clothe his abstract dialogue on themes
House” (1879), “Spectres" (1881), “ An philosophical or psyschological, so that the ob-
Enemy of Society” (1882), “ The Wild Duck" server follows every incident and every word
(1884), “ Rosmersholm " (1886), and The with an interest that grows more and more in-
Lady from the Sea” (1888).
| tense.
“ The Doll's House” is one of the strongest It is impossible to tell all of Nora's story
plays that Ibsen has produced. In the way of | here. Miss Lord's translation will do that
character-painting, and artful and artistic hand- best, if only curiosity may be aroused concern-
ling of the situations, he has done nothing bet- ing it. Suffice it to say that the catastrophe
ter. It is a pity that we could not have had falls in a situation characteristically dramatic.
“ The Enemy of Society,” with its strong auto The curtain descends just as Nora, the wife
biographic suggestiveness, first; but there is | and mother, turns her back upon husband and
no more characteristic play upon the list, nor children, and passes, by her own free choice,
one more indicative of the author's mind and nay, in accord with her relentless insistence,
power—if only it be read with fairness and out from her doll-home into the night, and-
appreciation, -than the one selected. The her whither ? This is the question that all the hosts
oine of “ The Doll's House” is its light-hearted of Ibsen's censors are repeating. Whither?
pretty little mistress, Nora Helmer. She has And did she do right to leave her children and
been eight years the wife of Torvald Helmer, her husband? And what a revolutionary old
and is the mother of three bright vigorous firebrand Ibsen must be to teach such a moral,
children. She is her husband's doll. Torvald and proclaim the doctrine that all those unfor-
Helmer calls her his little lark, his squirrel, tunate mismated women who find themselves
provides for her every fancy, hugely enjoys her bound to unsympathetic lords may, and should,
charms of person, forgets that she has a soul turn their back on the home and abandon their
— and is sure he loves her most devotedly. offspring to the mercies of strangers! But
Nora has always been a child; her father, a alack! this isn't the moral of Nora Helmer's
man of easy conscience, has brought her up story. It was the doll-marriage and the rela-
entirely unsophisticated. She knows nothing tion between Torvald Helmer and his doll-wife
of the serious side of life,—of its privileges, that was at fault. Nora's abandonment was
its real opportunities,—nothing of the duties an accidental, though a necessary, episode. It
of the individual in a world of action. Nora is the dénouement of the play,' to be sure; but
is passive, she submits to be fondled and kissed. the end is not yet. There is an epilogue as
She is happy in her 6 doll-house,” and appar well as a prologue to the drama, though both
ently knows nothing outside her home, her hus are left to the reader's imagination to perfect.
band, and her children. Nora loves her fam- "A hope inspires ” Helmer as he hears the door
ily with an ideal love. Love, in her thought, close after Nora's departure; and he whisper-
is an affection which has a right to demand ingly repeats her words—“the greatest of all
sacrifices; and in turn is willing to offer up miracles ! ”
its own treasures, whether life, honor, or even | This particular phase of wedded life—and
its soul, be the stake. She is not merely ready perhaps it is becoming not so very infrequent
for such a sacrifice—poor sentimental Nora! - a phase even on this side the water is a prob-
she has already, though in part ignorantly, lem which confronts us in society. Is this your
made it, and has committed a crime to save idea of marriage? demands Ibsen. Is it a mar-
her husband's life.
riage at all? No; he declares bluntly. It is
There is much machinery to carry on the a cohabitation; it is a partnership in sensuality
plot; but in spite of the abstract nature of the in which one of the parties is an innocent, it
theme, the episodes are so dramatic and the may be an unconscious, victim.
dialogue so brisk and natural that the drama Nora goes forth, but we feel she will one day
moves without perceptible jar, and our interest | return; her children will bring her back. Nei-


1890.]
303
THE DIAL
ther she nor Torvald could have learned the re-discussion of the most immediately influen-
bitter lesson had Nora remained at home. It tial branch of sociology-economics ; four are
is the wife at last who makes the sacrifice. works which treat, each of them, of a variety
How strange it is that so many of the critics of social questions ; while six deal exclusively
fail to see that Nora's act is not selfishness after with some one problem in our national life.
all! There is promise of a splendid woman The “ Institutes of Economics” has (wo
liness in that " emancipated individuality” that main motives, as stated by the author : to fur-
Ibsen's enemies are ridiculing. There will be nish a brief text-book, giving more play than
an ideal home after the mutual chastening most treatises to the teacher and the taught in
is accomplished: an ideal home — not ideal the recitation-room ; and to handle the topics
people necessarily, but a home, a family, where in a less detached form, with a deeper sense of
there is complete community, a perfect love. their relation to sociology. President Andrews
W. E. SIMONDS.
| is thoroughly able and full of industry. What
he does is always worthy of consideration. The
method of treatment pursued by him has im-
RECENT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL
portant gains and also serious losses. Such a
DISCUSSION.*
book vindicates itself in the hands of a vigorous
teacher, but is too much of the nature of a skel-
Every active period is critical. Our own
eton to be perused with much pleasure by the
period is preëminently active and preëminently
general reader. The work is full of material,
critical. Earnest and intelligent men feel that
but has precisely the opposite effect, with the
issues for extended good or evil are being rap-
reader simply, from what it was intended to
idly made up with us in the history of repub-
have, and would have, in the hands of an in-
lican society and free government. The dan-
structor full of vitality,—that of wearying the
gers are imminent. Political corruption, a
mind with too many important truths, none
grossly unequal distribution of wealth, an in-
of them sufficiently expanded to impress the
crease of the vicious and the thriftless, race
thoughts. It is a book that is not only capable
prejudices, the tyranny of an iniquitous traffic
of yielding itself easily to the work of a teacher,
over the public conscience, offer an accumula-
it is excellent as a concise volume of reference
tion of malign powers of the most formidable
and suggestion. The ground that President
character. There is one fact which brightens
Andrews occupies lies intermediate between
the sky through all the clouds. Never was
the catholic and conservative school of eco-
evil more distinctly seen or more boldly con-
nomics and the progressive and ethical one.
fronted than now. Discussion and action fol-
He believes, on the one hand, in “ certain gen-
low fast on each other.
eral laws of absolute and universal validity”;
Of the eleven books on our list, one is a
and on the other, in “the rightfulness of pub-
* INSTITUTES OF ECONOMICS. By Elisha Benjamin An lic intervention,” resting on sufficient reasons.
drews, D.D., LL.D. Boston: Silver, Burdett & Co.
The sociological cast of the book lies chiefly in
THE INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS OF THE Nation. By Ed-
its historic material, and in a recognition of
ward Atkinson, LL.D., Ph.D. New York: G. P. Putnam's
the many modifying conditions of economic
SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL WELFARE. By the Right Hon. Sir laws.
Lyon Playfair, K.C.B., M.P., LL.D., Ph.D., F.R.S. New The book of Dr. Atkinson, on “ The Indus-
York: Cassell & Co.
trial Progress of the Nation," with its compact
SOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY, and Other Essays. By
Richard T. Ely, Ph.D. New York: Thos. Y. Crowell & Co. octavo page, is voluminous. It is occupied
PROBLEMS IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. By Joseph Henry almost wholly with Production, or with closely
Crooker. Boston: George H. Ellis.
related questions ; but its discussions attach
THE LAND AND THE COMMUNITY. By the Rev. S. W.
Thackeray, M.A., LL.D., Trin. Coll. Cantab. New York:
chief importance to the general prosperity of
D. Appleton & Co.
the citizen. The work is a series of studies in
INVOLUNTARY IDLENESS. Labor and Its Products. By sociology quite as much as in economics. About
Hugo Bilgram. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Company
two-thirds of the volume has appeared previ-
AN APPEAL To PHARAOH. The Negro Problem, and Its
Radical Solution. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert.
ously, chiefly as articles in “ The Century” and
THE POLITICAL PROBLEM. By Albert Stickney. New
in - The Forum.” The student in sociology
York: Harper & Brothers.
cannot afford to neglect the labors of Dr. At-
MONOPOLIES AND THE PEOPLE. By Chas. W. Baker, C.E.
kinson. They receive form under so large a
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE PUBLIC REGULATION OF RAILWAYS. By W. D.
knowledge of affairs, and with so extensive an
Dabney. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
| inquiry into facts, as to give them much prac-
Sons.


304
[March,
THE DIAL
tical interest, putting needed restraint on spec sociology as the fortunate construction of soci-
ulation, and on the fears and the hopes which ety, as the comprehensive science of humanity,
arise from the contemplation of special causes. to feel otherwise.
There is a large amount of healthful optimism - Problems in American Society,” by the
in these investigations. Many correcting in Rev. J. H. Crooker, is a work wrought out in
fluences are discovered in existing evils under a somewhat less ardent and more conservative
appearances which disguise them. Though Dr. temper, but is none the less inspired by a
Atkinson is sometimes obscure and tedious from thoughtful and earnest desire for social pro-
diffuseness, he has done an important work. gress. The subjects discussed are: “ The Stu-
We trust his favoring estimates are more cor dent in American Life," " Scientific Charity,"
rect than we sometimes fear they are.
- The Temperance Problem,” “The Political
“ Subjects of Social Welfare” is composed Conscience," “ Biblical Instruction in Public
chiefly of addresses given on a variety of occa Schools," - Religious Destitution of Villages.“
sions by Professor Playfair. These addresses All are handled in a clear and interesting way.
are pleasing, persuasive, and profoundly ani The last two, “ Public Schools” and “ Vil-
mated by some cogent purpose touching the lages," are particularly worthy of note. The
general weal. They pertain chiefly to health, criticism of the methods of religious instruc-
education, and economics. Though the discus- tion in villages is especially applicable in the
sions stand in immediate connection with the Western States. It ought not to be difficult
wants of England and Scotland, they have to bring some immediate improvement to the
sufficient breadth to be of general interest. competitive and feeble efforts now made by the
They are sustained by an extended knowledge several religious denominations. The article
of facts within the field under consideration. on Temperance lays chief emphasis, as well it
While urging progress, they are restrained in may, on the moral elements in the problem.
temper. These discourses mark advantage- It does not favor prohibition. Mr. Crooker,
ously the points of influence of one who well | like many another good man, fails to appre-
represents a most intelligent and serviceable ciate at its full force the fact that the problem
class of educated men, men who are the real is also one of economics and of civics, each in
strength of the community to which they be- a high degree. Hundreds of thousands of the
long.
weakest of those who have best right to claim
Professor Richard T. Ely, of Johns Hopkins the safety of law are left without any sufficient
University, has gained, by a variety of recent legal protection, because of the liquor traffic.
publications, very considerable influence in prac- Children, by the tens of thousands, are sub-
tical social questions. The result is fortunate. jected to conditions worse than those which
Though he is far from conservative, he is con fall to savage life.
trolled by wide sympathies and a deep interest These four volumes are made up of essays
in the facts involved. His writings are very and discourses that are now sent out on their
aidful in securing a more extended, intelligent, second service to the community. This is an
and patriotic attention to the social topics cov instructive lesson to the clergy, when a vol-
ered by them. The volume on “ Social Aspects ume of sermons is rare in appearance, and still
of Christianity" presents a brief but very ear- more rare in rendering aid to the public.
nest discussion of the duties of the church to There are four additional volumes, each of
society. In common with most men of an ar which treats of a specific evil and offers for it
dent and philanthropic temper, he thinks these a heroic remedy. The peculiarly bold specu-
obligations but very partially met. We thor lative spirit with which social questions are
oughly sympathise with the spirit and motive handled is seen in the fact that an author por-
of this endeavor to redirect the religious devo- trays an evil, and brings forward his prescrip-
tion of the world to the furtherance of helpful tion, attaching but slight importance to the
ness and fellowship among men. · Professor fact that the proposed action is quite one side
Ely is evidently full of belief, but of belief from men's thoughts, and from anything they
which attaches itself primarily to the words are likely to undertake. Our proposed social
and works of Christ. The book contains also cures are often of a surgical character, in which
a brief discussion of Philanthropy and of Eth we prepare to divide deep, cut boldly out the
ics and Economics. Professor Ely thinks eth- malign part, and close up the wound, -as if
ical and economical questions are inseparably society were already stretched on the clinical
interlaced ; nor is it easy for one who regards table on purpose to undergo our operations.


1890.]
305
THE DIAL
The authors of these remedies scarcely seem syllable with the stern reprobation of heaven
aware of the immense inertia which stands in and humanity. If the facts are such, and only
the way of their proposals and is sufficient of such, as are here presented, then there is very
itself to render them wholly nugatory. The little sense of justice, and no reserve of right-
first of the four volumes, “ The Land and the eousness, in us. The world would have very
Community,” by S. W. Thackeray, an English slight occasion to congratulate itself on any
clergyman, re-argues the land question from the prosperity achieved by such a people in such a
point of view of Henry George. Mr. George way. Yet it may, with much truth, be said
furnishes a brief preface. The work treats of that this one wrong would be better than those
the historical circumstances under which the many injustices, little and large, with which
present tenure of land has arisen ; of the in we now meet this people at every turn. Have
fringement of the public rights involved in this we, then, in ourselves only the possibility of
tenure; of the right of the community to re one or the other great sin? The good taste of
sume possession of its own; and of the gains the author fails him when he brings the Bible
that would follow on this resumption--to wit, | into the discussion. Let us commit our na-
free access to land, a better relation of classes, tional transgressions without dragging our sa-
the removal of taxes, the removal of poverty. cred book in the dust behind us. If the author
Those who desire to see the now familiar argu does not reckon with the righteousness of good
ment fairly well put, can find their wish met in men, neither does he with the unrighteousness
this volume. Neither the author nor Henry of bad men. It will not be easy to awaken
George seems to understand that real progress those whose interests are slight and remote to
is usually accompanied by many oppressive so great and so costly an undertaking.
acts, and that men do not for that reason re - The Political Problem,” by Albert Stick-
trace their steps in a vain effort to correct the ney, in a sharply-drawn and appreciative way
evils of a primitive movement. Progress lies presents the evils incident to our present form
by new ways, through new dangers, with new of polities. “ It creates a privileged class ; it
oppressions. No man's voice will ever be loud bars the best men from the public service; it
enough or strong enough to bid us successfully takes power out of the hands of the people ;
face about in our march.
it destroys the political freedom of the citizen;
The second volume, “ Involuntary Idleness," it destroys the political freedom of the people ;
. by Hugo Bilgram, stands in suggestive contrast it destroys official responsibility ; it corrupts
with the first volume. The remedy it proposes our whole political life.” The author implies
for essentially the same evil is not the abolition not so much that these are all undeniable ten-
of rent but of interest. “An expansion of the dencies as that they are completed and final
volume of money by extending the issue of facts. He proposes an entire reconstruction of
credit-money will prevent business stagnation methods. Business is to be ordered through
and involuntary idleness.” The book is to be a series of public assemblies, which shall be
commended for brevity. The obscurity of the the organs for the formation and declaration
style is in harmony with the impossible conclu of the popular judgment. These popular as-
sion to which it would lead us.
semblies are to have supreme control. The
The “ Appeal to Pharaoh " treats of the proposal forgets several things which we can
Negro problem, and urges transportation as its | hardly overlook and make our theory of prac-
only solution. The book is lucid, vigorous, tical moment. It overlooks the fact, or sets
interesting, and is intended to be perfectly ju light by it, that such a scheme is so far off
dicial. It is as fair a presentation as can well from anything with which we are historically
be made by one who evidently shares the race united as to put it beyond our reach ; that the
prejudice, whose universal presence and force evils incident to our present method are not
the work asserts. It is one of the saddest of | more the fruits of our system than they are of
books. Its dark colors are due to the sincerity those who work the system; and that a new
of the author, and the hopeless view he gives crop of misfortunes would begin inevitably to
of American character. We are so subject to appear in this prolific soil under the new con-
the race prejudice, he thinks, as to be ready to ditions. Wholesale progress is impossible in
override all righteousness, all good-will, and to all worlds, physical and spiritual. Slight cor-
secure our own comfort as a people under this rections, and many of them, are all we can
blind aversion by an act so wicked and high- | reasonably look for.
handed that it would follow our history to its last! The two remaining books belong to an ex-


306
[March,
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op- Dealiving, Profishop Temphis con
cellent kind, and well represent it. “Monop Dean Stanley and Matthew Arnold; among
olies and the People” is full of information, the living, Professor Jowett and Chief Justice
but this is not its chief merit. I should be Coleridge and Bishop Temple. It is trite to
sorry to have the eye of anyone strike this say that a man is known by his company, and
brief notice without having his attention decis- it is not always true. Men are strangely hud-
ively directed to the work. It shows most dis- dled together sometimes by accident, and strong
tinctly how inapplicable the law of competition intellects rest themselves in queer associations.
is to the later more close and active forms of Great poets and humorists and men of letters
business; how inevitably the severe and dras- lay down their genius and find comfortable
tic character of the law leads those who would companionship in dull and commonplace soci-
not themselves be destroyed by it to escape it ety. When you ask their insufficient comrades
through combination, in itself capable of secur- to weigh and measure those whose hours of re-
ing a more peaceable and proportionate method. laxation they have shared, you find at once
The conclusion, then, is that the community that they have never met on equal terms; that
should accept these pacificatory adjustments, they have never really seen the man whom the
and protect its own interest by making itself a world reverences; that they have no light to
party to them.
throw upon his personality; that they were ad-
The other volume, “ The Public Regulation mitted only to a single homely or shabby cor-
of Railways,” by W. D. Dabney, is written from ner of him ; that he lounged indeed on their
direct and liberal knowledge, and gives, in a sofas, and yawned in their hammocks, and
form clear and concise, a large amount of legal climbed mountains and sailed seas with them,
and considerable economic material touching but always left the upper part of him ashore
the great question, What can be done, and when he boarded the yacht, at home when he
should be done, with railroads? The author took up the alpen-stock, somewhere outside as
is cautious and conservative in his own opin- he smoked their cigars and drank their wine
ions. The general impression which the facts and ate their dinners. Only a person of some
in the case make is that railroad commissions kindred calibre is able to measure the man of
—especially the Interstate Commerce Commis the higher sort, however often he may be
sion-call for more freedom of action. They thrown into relation with him. No one can
should have the power to settle specific cases paint a portrait very much above his own
widely, in view of all the interests involved. | level. The artist is, after all, the chief limita-
We might thus hope to allay existing evils with- tion upon his art. He puts into his picture
out occasioning new ones, and slowly to formu- / a good deal of his sitter, but a good deal more
late safe and generally applicable principles of of himself. ' Could Quasimodo conceive a fault-
procedure. This work meets a specific want less Apollo ? Would there not be hint of hump
exceedingly well.
John Bascom.
or crook or misfeature soinewhere? The man
who is many-sided enough to catch the lights
and shadows of such varied figures as Erskine
and Campbell and Brown and Cotton and
A MAN OF MANY FRIENDS.*
Clough must himself have been, if not in all
The intimate and appreciative companion of respects their equal, at least altogether of
such diverse men as the mystic saint, Thomas their kind, their fitting mate and natural inter-
Erskine; the devoted and catholic-minded pre preter.
late, Bishop Cotton of Calcutta ; the quaint Principal Shairp had a genius for friend-
and mellow humorist, Dr. Brown of Edin ship, was a lover of his fellow-men, not in any
burgh; the eloquent and brilliant preacher, vague philanthropic fashion, but with an alert
Norman McLeod; the subtle and profound | interest and sympathy for individuals. His
divine, John McLeod Campbell; the serene, heart, always open to a true man, found not a
gentle, and selfless spirit, John Mackintosh of few worthy of entering it. It was said of a
Geddes, and the brooding scholar-poet, Arthur certain clever contemporary, by one who knew
Hugh Clough, can have been himself no com him in his youth, that he could not go down
mon person. He had other friends not com to the front gate without meeting a lion, so
memorated in this volume,-among the dead, happy and adventurous were his chance en-
counters. It would seem true of Principal
* PORTRAITS OF FRIENDS. By John Campbell Shairp.
Shairp that he could not enter any company
With a Sketch of Principal Shairp by William Young Sellars,
and an Etched Portrait. Boston: Houghton, Mithin & Co. | without finding a friend. He had a remarka-


1890.)
307
THE DIAL
ble discernment of what it was in each new “ He was a true discerner of character, and
comrade that won his attachment. As he sur what he looked for in anyone he cared for was
vived a good many of his famous friends, he that he should be genuine-his real self." He
recorded his impressions of them; and when smiled at affectation, but was scornfully indig-
he departed, a fitting hand was found to do nant with falsity or baseness. His candor and
the same kind office, sympathetically and dis generosity were his most conspicuous charac-
cerningly, for him.
teristics.
The present volume, prepared from Profes That is Professor Sellars's record. Richard
sor Knight's somewhat redundant biography, Steele said that he judged of men as they
coutains Professor Sellars's reminiscences of judged of women. It is no bad criterion.
Shairp, and Shairp's own sketches of the In like manner we may judge of men by the
friends whom we have already mentioned. things that they select as admirable in other
Born in Scotland, in July, 1819, the son of an men. What they love defines them. What,
Indian army officer, who had subsided, after then, are the characteristics that Shairp recog-
distinguished service, into a Scottish laird, nizes with praise in the friends he portrays for
John Campbell Shairp was educated at Edin us? In his paper on Erskine, it is his “ deep
burgh, Glasgow, and Oxford; became a mas and tender affectionateness” and his “ art of
ter at Rugby under Dr. Tait, afterward Arch expressing it simply and naturally” that at-
bishop; was married in 1853 ; became Assist tract him. Then he notes Erskine's “ entire
ant Professor of Latin in 1857, and full Pro openness of mind,” his readiness to hear the
fessor in 1861, at St. Andrew's, and Principal other side, the candor of his answers, his good-
there in 1868. He was Professor of Poetry ness of heart, his profound interest, not in
at Oxford in 1877. He died at Ormsary, Ar speculative theology, but in essential religion.
gyll, on the 18th of September, 1885. His “ His inner spirit breathed the atmosphere of
works, mostly collected from magazines, bear St. John.” Those who talked with him felt
the titles of “ Culture and Religion,” “ Studies that they had overheard “ a high pure strain of
in Poetry and Philosophy,” “ Poetic Inter heavenly music.” So of Bishop Cotton, Shairp
pretation of Nature,” “ Aspects of Poetry,” | notes first his “ large tolerance and perfect
- Sketches in History and Poetry.” Besides, fair-mindedness," and then his stability—un-
there is a life of Burns, a life of Principal shaken by the new views he had welcomed.
Forbes, and a volume of poems.
Then he tells us of Cotton's unselfishness, his
Professor Sellars, a friend and colleague for placidity, his quick interest, his quiet humor,
many years, describes Shairp's freshness and his pervasive thoroughness and kindliness, his
buoyancy, his affectionate, pure, genuine and “ unresting, unhasting industry,” his exhaust-
generous nature ; his loyal, reverent, disinter ive reading, his perpetually deepening imagin-
ested and consistent character. He was essen ation, his truth and genial goodness, his wish
tially a Scotchman, and loved the Magician of to know that he might do. It is Cotton, surely;
the North too dearly to criticize him. He came but is it not very much Shairp also ?
early under the stimulating and subduing in Of the author of “ Rab and His Friends,"
fluence of Wordsworth and Coleridge, Arnold we are told of his sympathetic insight; his keen
and Newman and Carlyle. He was a scholar, discrimination of character; his large forbear-
but not a recluse. He loved hunting, “ curl ance and charity that gilded fault or foible
· ing,” and society. He was, like Mr. Emer with a gleam of tender humor ; his fine gift
son's ideal gentleman, “ good company for of literary expression, by which his three vol-
pirates and academicians,” perfectly at his ease umes “ embalm whatever has been best in the
with all sorts and conditions of men. He met life of Scotland during the last half-century”;
them “ with a smile in the eye as well as on his hearty recognition of beauty, nobleness, or
the lip," and was the life and soul of the social truth anywhere; his “ fine nature, too wide,
circle. His friendships were among men of too sympathetic, to be confined within any
pith and likelihood, and men of serious frame bounds of politics or sect”; and the “ strong
with whom religion was the chief concern. He | background of reverence, devoutness, and hum-
could meet them all sympathetically, on what ble trust” against which these gifts and graces
ever ground. Himself a conservative Broad were relieved. In the portrait of Norman
Churchman of the school of Erskine and Camp McLeod, Shairp's Scotch heart is very mani-
bell, he had room enough for Newman and Ke- | fest, as he tells of McLeod's Celtic race and
ble and Arnold and Clough in his large heart. I training, of the endless Highland tales and


308
[March,
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legends that were brought into his childish RECENT STUDIES IN CONSTITUTIONAL
mind, with their “ poetry, romance, adventure,
HISTORY.*
mystery, gladness, and sadness infinite.” We
The late influx of books devoted to a discus-
read of McLeod's recoil from “ the prosaic
sion of questions in Constitutional History and
Reid and the long-winded Thomas Brown ””;
the development of Institutions indicates a de-
his early devotion to Wordsworth and Cole-
sire for such books on the part of the reading
ridge; his universal interest in men; his quick
public, or at least the belief of publishers in
response to all that was great and noble ; his such a desire. These works are of all grades,
" imagination, sympathy, buoyancy, humor,
ranging from the essay, through the mono-
drollery, and affectionateness, and his cheer-
graph, up to the treatise. Probably the taste
ful self-denial in the subordination of litera-
for reading as well as that for preparing these
ture to ministerial duty.
writings,—or, in other words, the laws govern-
When we turn to McLeod Campbell, we ing both the demand and the supply,—are to
notice that Shairp dwells not on his theolog be ascribed to the rounding-out of our centen-
ical profundity and subtlety so much as his nial period, and the patent fact of our national
genuineness. “Everything he uttered had prosperity, political no less than economical,
passed through the strainers of his own thought as stimulating inquiry into the origin of the
and bore the mint-mark of his own veracity.” causes of this success. We have apparently
We hear of his "scrupulous justness and ex entered upon a renascence period of consti-
actness,” his “ penetrating inwardness” and tutional and institutional research and study.
" watchful conscientiousness," his “ eminent The variety of questions discussed and of modes
sanity of judgment,” and his “ atmosphere of of treatment thereof, in the present group of
perfect charity.” And when Shairp is deal books, is indicative of the breadth and extent
ing with John Mackintosh, whose life was more of the interest felt by historians, students, and
of promise than fulfilment, it is the same sort the general reading public, in this renascence
of qualities he values and records, scrupulous movement.
conscientiousness, singleness of aim, resolute The first book on our list, “ Constitutional
ness of purpose, strict self-discipline, fidelity History of the United States,” consists of five
in trifles, youthful austerity mellowing into lectures delivered before the University of
a “ more gentle, more serene, more loving" Michigan. These lectures constitute a sympo-
mood ; a purity that shed all stains, a womanly sium upon the subject of the development of
sympathy and compassion. You are shown constitutional principles in the United States
Mackintosh as in a magic glass, but you de during the past century. They were given, -
tect Shairp plainly visible behind him. You by Judge Cooley, upon the place of the Federal
reconstruct his own portrait from the lines and Supreme Court in the American system ; by
colors of his portraitures. You see that the | by Mr. Hitchcock, of St. Louis, upon the in-
man who had such friends, and loved such fuence of Chief Justice Marshall; by Mr.
elements in them, was a rare and beautiful | Biddle, of Philadelphia, upon the influence of
spirit. He was not a great man, hardly a Chief Justice Taney; by Mr. Kent, of Ann
brilliant one. His style is lax; his portrait Arbor, upon the influence of the decisions of
ures want the incisive touches, the spurts of
biting acid with which Carlyle etches a char-
* ConstitUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, as
| seen in the Development of American Law. Lectures before
acter for all time. His writings lack - body" the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. New York: G. P.
perhaps, and the aroma is faint and evasive. Putnam's Sons.
His verse is but graceful trifling with the muse.
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF SWITZERLAND: An Es-
say on the Constitution. By Bernard Moses, Ph.D. Oakland,
He is deficient in humor and in vigor. But
Cal.: Pacific Press Publishing Co.
he is at home with goodness and truth and THE STATE: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics.
greatness always. He is not as the sun in A Sketch of Institutional History and Administration. By
Woodrow Wilson, Ph.D., LL.D. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co.
his glory, nor the mountain in its grandeur.
Essays on GOVERNMENT. By A. Lawrence Lowell. Bos-
He is as the broad unruffled lake which mir-
ton: Houghton, Mithin & Co.
rors, humbly and thankfully, the greatness EssAYS ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED
and the glory, and, doubling them on its re-
States, in the Formative Period, 1775-1789. Edited by J.
Franklin Jameson, Ph.D. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
ceptive surface, leads us to love it and them
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATEs, from
together.
their Declaration of Independence to the Close of their Civil
C. A. L. RICHARDS. War. By George Ticknor Curtis. In two volumes. Vol. I.
| New York: Harper & Brothers.


1890.]
309
THE DIAL
the Supreme Court since the war ; and by Mr. the time of his advancement to the Supreme
Chamberlain, of New York, upon the place of bench, only six cases involving constitutional
the State Judiciary in the American system. principles had come before that court for de-
An introduction by the editor, Professor Henry cision. Of the sixty-one constitutional decis-
Wade Rogers, calls attention to the reason why ions during his term of service, no less than
constitutional law is the characteristic feature thirty-six were rendered by Marshall ; among
of the American legal system. The principal them, many of the most important in all re-
novelty in that system is the extraordinary spects. The process by which he thus con
power given to the judiciary. It is this, and tributed so largely to the building up of the
not the fact of our adherence to written consti edifice of our constitutional jurisprudence is
tutions, which has given constitutional law its described particularly by the lecturer, who
prominence in this country. Judge Cooley, justly attributes to Chief Justice Marshall the
always a deep thinker upon constitutional ques achievement of laying the lasting foundations
tions, has, in this lecture, illustrated from va of the dignity with which that court has ever
rious points of view the position occupied by since performed its constitutional functions.
the Federal Supreme Court; but his lecture The peculiar aspects of Federalism in Switz-
would have been of great value if he had done erland, and the manner in which it has grown
nothing more than to bring out, as he has and developed in spite of the natural obstacles
done, the manner in which Chief Justice Jay, of diversity of surface and variety of language,
by his decision in Chisholm es. Georgia, aided form the principal theme of Professor Moses's
in the establishment of the proposition that treatise on the - Federal Government of Switz-
under our system the power of sovereignty re erland." These aspects are presented with
sides in the aggregate people. Mr. Chamber reference to the various subjects of Distribu-
Jain sums up succinctly the relations existing tion of Political Power, the limited Federal
between the federal and state judiciary, and Legislature, the peculiar Executive and the
the separate parts of the American constitu feeble Judiciary of the Swiss Confederation,
tional system, calling attention to the merits as well as its Foreign and Domestic Relations.
and the importance of each. He is not so Not content, however, with stating the charac-
clear in discussing the question of sovereignty, teristics of these features in that confederation
being strongly inclined to attribute that power by themselves, the author has industriously
to the United States Government and the compared and contrasted them, one by one,
States severally, and overlooking the fact that with the corresponding institutions of other
these governments, instead of being themselves Federated Governments, republican and other-
sovereign, are respectively agencies for execut wise. By this comparative scheme of study
ing the will of the sovereign, which is the ag- of the Swiss peculiarities, the American stu-
gregate people. Mr. Biddle's very full and dent of the institutions of his own country can
illustrative résumé of the judicial work of Chief | acquire a better understanding of these insti-
Justice Taney goes outside of his theme, in tutions, and secure data for estimating their
several instances, in referring to the decisions comparative advantages.
of that eminent magistrate upon other than A fuller and broader application of the same
constitutional questions, which, however inter scheme of institutional investigation has re-
esting, are not a proper part of a constitutional sulted in Mr. Wilson's volume of 660 pages
discussion. Mr. Kent's lecture explains to on “ The State.” This shrewd and careful
popular comprehension the character of the student here presents views, in extended sum-
changes introduced into our Constitution by mary form, of the leading features of all the
the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments; these more important ancient and modern systems of
changes, however, not reaching, in view of the government,-among his subjects thus treated
decisions of the federal courts, the same re being the Governments of Greece and Rome,
sults, in all respects, that statesmen had in the Roman Dominion and Law, Teutonic Pol-
tended. The gem of this series of lectures, icy during the Middle Ages, the Dual Mon-
however, is that by Mr. Hitchcock. It is a archies of Austria-Hungary and Sweden-Nor-
dramatic representation of the great achieve way, and the governmental systems of En-
ments of Marshall as the first and foremost of gland, Germany, France, Switzerland, and the
our constitutional lawyers. His appropriate United States. As to each of these several
share of the work of constitutional develop- governments, a historical resumé notes the suc-
ment during his era is shown statistically. At l cessive constitutional changes, while the exist-


310
[March,
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ing system is industriously explained in detail. ceive habitual obedience from the bulk of a
The work of comparison, which is mainly left given society," and calling attention to the stub-
to the reader, is facilitated by the laborious born fact that, practically, the bulk of society
illustrations of the distinctive features of each may refuse to obey a command of the sovereign
system, the analysis by which these features which they heartily disapprove. It requires
are classified, and the introduction of frequent both the command of the sovereign and obedi-
and convenient catch-words in enlarged letters. ence thereto in fact by his subjects to round
The closing chapters of the treatise discuss in out the Austinian idea of sovereignty, so that
a general way the nature and attributes of law, “ no command or rule of conduct is a law if it
the office and use of legal institutions, and the does not receive the obedience of the bulk of
functions and objects of government, in which the society”; or, in other words, “the extent
discussion the comparative method of study is of sovereign power is measured by the habit,
to some extent employed. No more interest- the opinion, and the disposition of the bulk of
ing matter could be furnished to the readers of the society.” However this view of Sover-
THE DIAL, did space permit, than some ex | eignty may apply to a monarchy, it is difficult
tracts from this work of Mr. Wilson. The to see its application to a republic. But in
brief description already given will doubtless discussing Cabinet Responsibility as proposed
justify the statement that it is not only a for this country, Mr. Lowell forcibly argues
most satisfactory example of the assiduous re that, as to the Presidency, the checks and bal-
searches of the American school of politico-ances of the two houses of Congress, the divis-
historical study, but an invaluable contribu ion of power between the federal and state
tion to the libraries of historians, lawyers, authority, and the distinctive powers of our
statesmen, and political economists. Not the judiciary, and in fact as to most of the peculiar
least of its merits is the full bibliography, ap features of our system, the practical workings
pended to each of the topical chapters, of the of Cabinet Responsibility would completely
subject discussed in such chapter.
transform it into another and different system.
Mr. Abbott Lawrence Lowell, in his series He does not believe that the mode in which
of five “ Essays on Government," discusses the federal legislature now exercises its powers
some of the more abstruse and metaphysical has done as much toward such a transforma-
problems in reference to the American Consti- tion as is insisted upon by Mr. Woodrow Wil-
tution which are now agitating the students of son in his work on Congressional Government.
that instrument; and employs in the discus In considering the theory of the Social Com-
sion modes of thought and argument similar pact, Mr. Lowell seems to be of the opinion
to those with which the readers of Sir Henry that that theory is responsible for the doctrine
Maine are familiar. Indeed, it is plain that that our American constitutional system is in
this essayist has been much influenced by the part unwritten, and is inclined to contest this
example and style of Maine, though he is less doctrine as based wholly upon that exploded
discursive, and confines his observations, so far theory. To this opinion a demurrer must
as the essays in question are concerned, within | be interposed. Notwithstanding some judicial
narrower limits. Considering the questions of references to the theory of the Social Compact,
Sovereignty, the Theory of the Social Com- it is true as a fact that certain constitutional
pact, and the proposed introduction into Amer- principles, not written in our fundamental law,
ica of Cabinet Responsibility, he concerns him are yet recognized and acted upon as a part
self principally with the facts which he finds | thereof; and this is not only a fact, but one
existing in and controlling the American gov which is explainable upon purely constitutional
ernmental system. The theories of other es grounds, and without reference to the Social
sayists are brought to the test of the actual Compact theory. It is a pleasure, however, to
mode of operations of the government. In find clear evidence, as to most of the arguments
considering the Limits of Sovereignty, while advanced by Mr. Lowell, that he has studied
the essayist agrees generally with Austin's con closely and understandingly the characteristics
clusions as to the office and place of Sover- of American constitutional law. It is particu-
eignty in a governmental system, he contests | larly gratifying to find in him an essayist ready
the theory of unlimited sovereignty, by advert | to challenge any political theory, by whomso-
ing to the circumstance which exhibits one | ever advanced, and to peremptorily demand
feature of sovereignty according to Austin, — its credentials. In his essay on “ Democracy
namely, that a sovereign is one who shall “ re-and the Constitution,” Mr. Lowell appropri-


1890.]
311
THE DIAL
ately suggests that the power of the American how to erect, protect, and limit such executive
courts to declare a statute unconstitutional is departments, and how to grant and withhold
not in fact a veto-power, but that “the Court, power in so doing. That experience the coun-
in refusing to enforce such a statute, is giving try had received, during the gradual develop-
effect to the popular will.” But in discussing ment from the early “ Committees ” of the
* The Responsibility of American Lawyers,” Continental Congress, through the “ Boards,"
his view of the effect of such a declaration by of which persons not sitting in the Congress
the courts, as being that “the present wishes were members, into the crude - Departments”
of the people cannot be carried out, because of the Confederation. That experience had
opposed to their previous intention and to the demonstrated the impracticability of manag-
views of their remote ancestors," is neither ing such operations through boards or commit-
full nor accurate, and needs revision. The tees, and the necessity of placing individual
restriction imposed by the Constitution is more responsibility at the head of each department.
than a statement of what is the popular will at A paper by Professor William P. Trent traces
the time: it is also an agreement and a com the operation of the same tendencies toward
pact, protecting the minority and binding the constitutional organization in the several Amer-
majority so long as it stands a part of the Con ican churches and religious bodies, the essay-
stitution ; and furthermore, it is a standing lim ist discovering contemporaneous movements
itation upon the authority of and the instruc toward constitutionalism, in both civil and ec-
tions to successive legislatures, removable only clesiastical institutions, and arguing that each
in a constitutional mode. So our constitutional reciprocally affected and assisted the devel-
safeguards in this respect should not be consid opment of the other. The effect of this era
ered fragile.
of constitution-making upon slavery and the
The collection of essays edited by Professor status of the slaves, and its influence in pro-
J. F. Jameson are an additional overflow of moting tendencies toward emancipation, are ex-
the studies in American Constitutional His- plained in an essay by Mr. Jeffrey R. Brackett.
tory by the graduates and members of the These various specialized illustrations of the
Johns Hopkins University. Here are por operation of constitutional forces and tenden-
trayed the movements toward our present Con- cies, upon particular lines and in different
stitution, immediately preceding its adoption, fields, which are the outgrowth of the recently
in various fields of constitutional development. developed taste for minute institutional study,
The editor's essay, at the head of the list, bas are well supplemented by the reappearance, in
previously appeared in the “ Johns Hopkins a new form, of Mr. George Ticknor Curtis's
Studies,” treating of the old Federal Court of standard “ Constitutional History of the United
Appeals as the precursor of the present Su States.” This work is now to be enlarged by
preme Court of the United States and the the author, so as to cover the period ending
prompter of the general scheme of a Federal | with the close of the Civil War; and the first
Judiciary. Mr. Edward P. Smith's account one of the two volumes of the contemplated
of the movement towards a Second Constitu work, now before us, is a reprint of the matter
tional Convention in 1788 gives a graphic de formerly contained in two volumes, closing with
scription of the criticisms, objections, and con the adoption of the Constitution. The broad
troversies in respect to the Federal Constitu generalizations necessary in a history covering
tion as originally submitted, and the perils and so large a subject differentiate this work from
difficulties out of which its adoption was finally all that of the essayists before referred to, while
secured, which well illustrates to the student there is no conflict between them, and the writ-
of our history the constitutional situation at ings of each are a complement to those of the
the time when the first ten amendments were other class. It is, however, but just to say
proposed and adopted. How the executive de- that the later essayists have often occupied new
partments of the government, as newly intro points of observation, and have to some extent
duced by the Constitution of 1787, had natu introduced new modes of investigation. The
rally grown up during the period of the war extension of the historical perspective has of
and the Confederation, is exhibited in a paper | itself furnished increased facilities for measur-
by Mr. Jay C. Guggenheim. The Depart ing the magnitude and estimating the compar-
ments of State, War, Navy, Treasury, and ative value of the various transactions of the
Post-Office, now exist substantially as at first constitution-making period. These advantages
created. Experience only could have suggested / will no doubt be utilized by Mr. Curtis in his


312
[March,
THE DIAL
treatment, for his promised new volume, of the the head with a clawhammer. One should remem-
period succeeding the institution of the Federal ber that our author lived in a state of society in
Government, and we may expect, with a com-
which these summary methods were prescribed and
prehensive and summary résumé of this period,
applauded. It is surprising to find one of Mr.
similar to that given in his first volume, and
Davis's general accuracy so much at fault as he is
in his reference to party history at the beginning of
which has proved so satisfactory to his read-
Chapter xxvii. The passage is too long to quote,
ers, a careful tracing of the development, under | but we may say that, in discussing some elementary
the Constitution, of the several features which
facts in American politics, he quite reverses the
distinguished it at its adoption, and still dis-
respective attitudes toward the general government
tinguish it, from all constitutions which pre of the early parties-a reversal which leads him into
ceded it.
JAMES 0. PIERCE.
further errors. The publishers have done full jus-
tice, in respect of print and binding, to this enter-
taining book.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
A “SIMPLE, manly, artless, chatty narrative," is
For accurate and graphic portrayal of ante-bel- | what Major Kirkland, in his brief but spirited
lum men and manners in the Southwestern States, Introduction, calls the work of his fellow-realist,
we have seen nothing better than 6 Recollections of “Uncle Dick Wootton, the Pioneer Frontiersman
Mississippi ” (Houghton), by Reuben Davis, “ sole of the Rocky Mountain Region,” whose autobiog-
survivor of the Mississippi bar of fifty years ago." raphy has just been published, in a large octavo
The author has been a man of marked prominence volume, by W. E. Dibble & Co., Chicago. We
and activity ; and to review his life is to review, in heartily endorse the commendation of the venera-
a great measure, the contemporary history of the ble but undecrepit Uncle Dick. Fifty-three years
commonwealth in which it has been passed. The a hunter, trapper, trader, Indian-fighter and gov-
book is written in a clear straightforward style, with ernment scout,—such is the record of the grizzled
an occasional flourish of old-fashioned rhetoric that | veteran whose grim uncompromising countenance
is not unpleasing. Mr. Davis's great merit as an faces the reader as he opens the book. The story
autobiographer is his frankness. His standards of of such a life could hardly fail to be interesting
living are, in many respects, different from ours reading,—told in the simple chatty narrative of the
and he does not hesitate to tell us so. The time of old pioneer himself, it is doubly so. The book is a
his youth and early manhood he regards as a Satur- series of reminiscences which the old man gave ver-
nian age, an age of public virtue and stern (if rude) | bally to a party of summer idlers, one of whom
justice from which we have been degenerating | jotted the words down and gave the story a form
ever since. Men in his day “made no scruple suitable for publication. “ It is,” says Major Kirk-
about a social glass, or a lively dance, or a game of land, “ nearly the last of the long list of authentic
cards, or even of an honest hand-to-hand fight,” he biographies of a time which is gone by never to re-
tells us ; but there was no ballot-box stuffing." turn." An associate of Kit Carson, with whose
Mr. Davis's pages are brimful of anecdote -- his name his own is linked in many a tale of peril and
own share in the incidents being freely, sometimes adventure, “Uncle Dick” is one of the last surviv-
naively, related. For instance, we learn that at a ors of that noted band of frontiersmen and path-
ball which he attended when a young man a quarrel finders who a half-century ago crossed the Missouri
arose as to precedence of claim upon the attention to hunt, to fight, to explore and open up an unknown
of one of the ladies. To my great surprise I was country for the better civilization which was to fol-
grossly insulted by the gentleman whose claims low. “Uncle Dick” gloried in this wild pioneer
conflicted with mine. Justly outraged, I no sooner life. He was a born hunter, and his was a time
withdrew my adversary from the presence of the when good game abounded. He could usually have
ladies than I challenged him to defend himself, | his choice of elk, antelope, mountain lions, bears of
and assaulted him with my pocket-knife.” This, it several varieties, and buffalo. His favorite game
seems, was quite in accordance with Mississippi eti was bears —- excepting Indians. He once shot a
quette. On another occasion, in the court-room, bear in the night, and on inspecting his game next
Mr. Davis was arbitrarily fined by the presiding morning was much disappointed at not finding it
judge. “At this point,” he relates, “ my patience an Indian Naturally, he had no very exalted
gave way, and I felt myself in a perfect blaze of | opinion of the Indian character. 6 When I say
sudden fury. I had in my pocket a very fine knife good Indians,” said he, “I mean dead ones. Some
with a long thin blade. As I sprang to my feet I people may not agree with me on this point, but I
drew out this knife, opened it, and threw it point think I know what I'm talking about. If I don't
foremost into the bar, looking steadily at the judge I ought to, for I've been among 'em long enough.”
all the while. My object was to induce the judge It is highly probable that the Indians' acquaintance
to order me to jail, and then to attack him on the with Uncle Dick may have led them to regard him,
bench.” His honor afterwards resented this affront in their turn, as a somewhat unlovely character.
to the judicial ermine by pounding Mr. Davis over | Their opinions of him would no doubt be interest-


1890.]
313
THE DIAL
ing,- but they will probably never be known. It is It seems a trifle ungracious to introduce the crit-
only the accounts given by their white adversaries icism of a book with an exception to its title, but
that form the materials of border romance. The the discrepancy between the rather high-sounding
book has some very good illustrations, several of name - Reconstruction of Europe" (Houghton) and
the portraits of Indians being especially striking. the contents of the volume which bears it is so
marked that the critic for once may be excused. If
A TASTEFUL volume, - The Letters of the Duke
we first inquire what this title implies, it will then
of Wellington to Miss J.” (Dodd, Mead & Co.),
be pertinent to pursue the inquiry and ask whether
brings to light a curious episode of the past, which
the material of Mr. Murdock's book justifies the
has its pathetic as well as its ludicrous side. The
adoption of it. The “ reconstruction of Europe ”
materials of the book-the Duke's letters and the
after the revolutions of 1848 would, among other
diary and letters of Miss J.-have lain for years
I things, include a detailed account of the vicissitudes
unnoticed in the attic of a New York country-house.
which encountered the Austrian monarchy and ne-
Perhaps the fact that such available publisher's
cessitated the establishment of the present dual sys-
grist has been so long in corning to the mill is due
tem ; of the movements in southeastern Europe,
to motives of delicacy on the part of Miss J.'s
which are still tentative; of the progress of Russia;
friends. Their relative's side of the story is pitiful
of the dynastic changes in Denmark and the posi-
enough in all conscience; and they shrank, no doubt,
tion of the Schleswig-Holstein Duchies, -as well as
from the thought of “coining into drachmas ” the
of the rise of Italy and Germany, and the varied
recorded follies of one near to them until a decent
fortunes of the French nation. It would involve,
period had elapsed. But Miss J. has been dead
morever, a more or less philosophical treatment of
these twenty-eight years; so that the packets of
the causes which produced all these external changes.
letters may be untied, and the diary, freighted with
Battles and campaigns are no longer history in its
its fantastic story, unclasped. Miss J. was a young
best sense, but Mr. Murdock, as he confesses in his
and beautiful woman, whose early devotional tenden-
preface, treats particularly and almost wholly of the
cies had ripened into fanaticism. Conceiving her-
maneuvres of the Crimean War and of those of the
self to be the messenger of God, and having suc-
Italian and German conflicts. Armies march across
cessfully “labored with ” a condemned murderer,
the scene ; generals ride to the outposts or linger in
she resolved to convert the Duke of Wellington.
the bivouac; trumpets and drums sound charges at
Accordingly, she wrote to the Duke, and received a
the Alma, at Solferino, or at Sedan; and the for-
courteous reply. A second interchange of missives
tunes of dynasties are decided in a day. But what
was followed by an interview-a most extraordinary
do we learn of the causes which animated these
one, according to Miss J., signalized by a declara-
various movements, or of the hidden motives which
tion of love from the Duke in the following brief
inspired these changes ? What do we learn of the
but unmistakable terms: “Oh how I love you! how
growth of public spirit and of the power of the
I love you!” We will remind the reader that His |
people? What do we grasp from this volume of
Grace was then sixty-five, and that our heroine was
the potentialities and the meaning of the nine-
subject to hallucinations. The Duke's letters are
teenth century, as contrasted in its latter half with
certainly not those of a lover. They are usually
the century which preceded it? Candor compels
courteous, sometimes friendly, always brief, and
the critic to say that, while the résumé which is here
occasionally evince a desire to get rid of his perti given of the Crimean war and of the rise of Italy
nacious exhorter. Occasionally there is a hiatus in
and Germany is both interesting and agreeable to
• the correspondence; but Miss J. returns again and
read, the author has fallen short of the greatness
again to the charge, like the French at Waterloo,
and dignity of his subject. His book, which is in
and the Duke finally surrenders--and posts a reply.
itself excellent so far as it goes, is put at a curious
The summing-up of this curious affair would seem
disadvantage by the inconsistency between itself and
to be that the Duke was more tolerant of the med-
its title. The brief but valuable Introduction by
dling of this young and beautiful woman than he
Mr. John Fiske may be supplemented by reading
would have been of that of a less charming person;
Freeman's Oxford Lectures of 1887, entitled "Fifty
and that having once encouraged Miss J., an abrupt
Years of European History," where the subject is
dismissal was out of the question. The vigor of the handled with masterly and exhaustive ability.
persecution to which the unfortunate warrior was
subjected may be inferred from the following ex A NOTEWORTHY contribution to - The Riverside
tract from one of his replies: “ The Duke of Wels | Library for Young People” (Houghton) is Lucy
lington presents his compliments to Miss J. He Larcom's graphic sketch. “A New England Girl-
has no Lock of Hair of Hers. He never had one. hood.” The writer tells her story frankly and
The Duke is not aware that he has been guilty of unaffectedly, and interweaves it with a singularly
presumption, of daring presumption,” etc. The vivid picture of New England “as it used to be."
Duke's letters are full of a dry unconscious humor This old New England life is not, in itself, an al-
that renders them very amusing. The volume is | luring subject, or one likely to warm the imagina-
neatly gotten up, and the editing, by Miss C. T. tion. Nothing short of the sympathetic genius of a
Herrick, is thorough and exact.
Hawthorne could have discerned and pointed out for


314
[March,
THE DIAL
us the modest beauty of the hardy blossoms, the so good a thing as the following, which refers to the
snow-flowers of life, that flourished under the frosty reception given at certain hands to Lord Tennyson's
breath of New England Puritanism. In Miss Lar later poems: “ The slight critics who sneered at
com's sketch there is the old suggestion of flintiness, them as the work of an old man, and welcomed
of æsthetic poverty, of a life thrifty, meagre, icily them with a general chorus of • Go up, thou bald-
virtuous, grimly unattractive. Even a holiday feast | head, only condemned themselves, and made us
was to this inflexible people a sort of mortifying of regret that since the days of Elisha the bears have
the flesh. Miss Larcom describes a delicacy famil allowed one of their most beneficent functions to fall
iar to her girlhood, known as “ 'lection cake" into disuse.” We are especially thankful to Mr.
a festal phenomenon which was only “ a kind of Van Dyke for his interesting, if a little forced, com-
sweetened bread with a shine of egg-and-molasses parison between Milton and Tennyson, and for the
on top.” Now this meagre and ascetic “ 'lection chapter which does such ample justice to what the
cake” furnishes a very fair analogy to New En- writer calls « The Historic Trilogy ”—that is, the
gland life “as it used to be.” There was a sad three dramatic poems of " Harold," “ Becket,” and
lack of the citron, and plums, and spices, and other “ Queen Mary.” With his defense of the Arthurian
good (if not altogether wholesome) things of life, in idyls against the strictures of Mr. Swinburne we
each. The author's account of the Lowell factory cannot agree. It seems to us that the latter has,
girls of her day is extremely interesting. These with unerring artistic instinct, put his finger upon
young women, it seems, in addition to their regular the radical defect of that otherwise remarkable
avocation, published, edited, and wrote for maga series of poems.
zines; they were astonishingly familiar with “solid”
The useful “ World's Workers” series (Cassell)
literature, and beguiled the breakfast hour at their
is closed by a monograph on Dr. Arnold of Rugby,
boarding-houses with scientific and metaphysical
by Rose E. Selfe. This little volume is a panegyric
discussions. One wonders which was the more
rather than a serious attempt to appraise and clearly
indigestible, the conversation or the viands. But
set forth the life-work of the great teacher. It
whatever may be the limitations of Miss Larcom's
presents, however, a fairly good outline of the Doc-
subject, her treatment of it is admirable. Nothing
tor's career, and the eulogy—though too persistent
better of its kind has come under our notice than
and high-pitched_has the eloquence of sincerity.
“ A New England Girlhood.”
We cheerfully recommend the work to those who do
A NEw edition, re-written and re-arranged, has not care to attempt Dean Stanley's larger “Life.”
been issued of E. L. Anderson's popular work on Dr. Arnold's fame as Head-Master of Rugby was
“ Modern Horsemanship ” (Putnam's Sons), which largely the fruit of his high conception of the extent
originally appeared in 1884. Professor Anderson and meaning of the teacher's function--a vital
is a thorough master of his art, having spent some function strangely belittled by an ignoble army of
thirty years in its study and practice in the various
| “ Bradley Headstones " and dusty gerund-grinders.
countries of Europe. As a result, he has originated | The common-law maxim, in loco parentis, was full
a very distinct school of horsemanship, and the of grave and kindly meaning to the Doctor ; while
present volume is a description of his methods. For to the “ Tom Browns” of Rugby a school-master
the purpose of bringing out certain points the book | meant something more than a Latin grammar and
has been re-arranged in three parts, the first of a stick. To round out the character, to produce the
which is devoted to the needs of ordinary riding, well-balanced man—the gentleman in the true sense
such as the mount, the various gaits, etc.; the second —was Dr. Arnold's aim ; and “the fruit which he,
to a method for the training of the saddle-horse; and above all things, longed for, was a moral thought-
the third to the purely ornamental movements of fulness; the inquiring love of truth going along
the riding-school. Professor Anderson's style is with the devoted love of goodness.'”
concise, and his explanations are clear and explicit.
An American edition has been issued by the J. B.
The book is most admirably illustrated with forty
Lippincott Company of M. Pierre Paris' compact
autotype reproductions of instantaneous photo-
“ Manual of Ancient Sculpture,” edited and trans-
graphs, which show a given position at a glance
lated by Jane E. Harrison. The work is a rapid
more clearly than several pages of verbal explana-
survey, critical rather than historical, of the sculp-
tion might do. Altogether, the book is a valuable
ture of Egypt, the Asiatic East, Greece, and Italy.
one, and should interest all horsemen, from the
The illustration is profuse, and, in the main, ac-
lover of a quiet nag and a country road to the pupil
ceptable; and the bibliography and indexing are
of the manège and la Haute Ecole.
commendably thorough. About two-thirds of the
THE Rev. Henry Van Dyke's essays on “ The volume is devoted to a résumé of the evolution of
Poetry of Tennyson” (Scribner) are marked by the the Greek plastic art from the Archaic Xoana-
sympathy and reverence that should characterize rude sexless idols, rough-hewn from tree trunks or
discussion of the subject, although a flippant note is slabs of limestone—to the divine masterpieces of
struck here and there not exactly in harmony with the Pheidian and the Græco-Roman periods. Mod-
the general tenor of the writer's observations. Even ern research (the chief results of which are noted
this, however, may be forgiven, when it results in in the present treatise) is gradually bringing to light


1890.1
315
THE DIAL
work illustrative of this grand development, al- own, due to the isolation of Korean civilization.
though the divergent chains which linked the sexless One is surprised to learn that the Koreans are pecu-
Xoanon to the array of marble divinities grandly liarly sensitive to the beauties of nature, their favor-
typified for us in the Hermes of Praxiteles and the ite pastime being to “ wander about over the beau-
peerless Queen of the Louvre, are still far from tiful green hills,” enjoying the charms of the land-
entire. M. Paris' concise Manual, while intended scape. This profound sense of natural beauty lends
chiefly for art students and amateurs, is admirably a poetic charm and freshness to their literature,
suited to the use of students of Greek life and his enriching it with pleasing images, and insuring a
tory. The study of the Egyptian sculptures, al ready play of fancy. Several of the stories are in
though brief, is extremely interesting. It should the vein of “Uncle Remus "; and, oddly enough,
be mentioned that the text has been augmented and we find our Machiavellian friend - Br'er Rabbit”
corrected by the translator, whose work throughout at his old tricks in Korea. The literary merit of
is praiseworthy. The efforts of author and editor Mr. Allen's work is impaired by a lack of careful
are well seconded by the publishers, who offer the revision.
Manual in a tasteful and substantial form.
In his “ Life of Martin Van Buren ” (Harper)
A HISTORY of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming,
Mr. George Bancroft gives us a broadly-sketched
from 1540 to 1888, forms the latest volume in Mr.
review of Van Buren's public career and policy,
rather than a "Life" in the usual sense ; and, while
H. H. Bancroft's series, and covers the easternmost
his work has its own special merits, it lacks the
portion of the ground contemplated for that great
color and anecdotal quality which count for so much
historical enterprise. A few more volumes will
in biography. His standpoint is that of the advo-
complete this unparalleled series of histories, cover-
cate rather than that of the critic; and his “ Life,”
ing the Pacific Slope from Alaska to Central Amer-
in point of fulness and impartiality, seems to us
ica. Each successive volume confirms the favorable
opinion we have heretofore expressed of this im-
inferior to that contributed by Mr. Shepard to the
“ American Statesmen” series. Of the accuracy of
portant and invaluable series. Histories like those
Mr. Bancroft's statement of facts, we have the war-
of Prescott, Parkman, or McMaster, these books
rant of Mr. Van Buren himself.
are not; rather, they are storehouses of historical
facts, gathered with infinite industry and pains, and
------ - - -- - - — = = = =
collated and arranged with intelligent discrimina TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
tion. The fulness of particulars is, in fact, almost
March, 1890.
bewildering; but these are brought into place in an
Berlin. Mary S. Smith. Cosmopolitan.
orderly and systematic narrative, and made easily Browning. Emily S. Forman. Cosmopolitan.
accessible separately by a good index in each vol Brownings in Italy, The. Anne H. Wharton. Lippincott.
Bruno, Trial and Death of. W. R. Thayer. Atlantic,
ume. The work thus becomes at once a historical Constitutional History, Recent. J.O. Pierce. Dial.
mine of unexampled richness in which the special Creeds and Church Membership. W. Calkins. Andover.
student may delve, and a museum in which innu-
Education, Universal. E. E. Hale. Cosmopolitan.
Electricity, Dangers from. John Trowbridge. Atlantic.
merable facts are classified and labelled for ready Ericsson, John. "W. C. Church. Scribner.
reference. (Published by the History Company,
Films. Sophie B. Herrick. Popular Science.
Glasgow. Albert Shaw. Century.
San Francisco.) -
Gloucester Cathedral. Mrs. Van Rensselaer. Century.
Ibsen, Henrik. H. H. Boyesen. Century.
In the form of a series of biographies of leading Ibsen. Henrik. W. E. Simonds. Dial.
explorers, Dodd, Mead & Co. promise a complete
Japan, An Artist's Letters from. J. La Farge. Century.
Jefferson, Joseph, Autobiography of. Century.
history of geographical discovery. Each work will Lamb, Charles. B. E. Martin.Scribner.
be from the hand of a competent authority ; and Land-Ownership. D. E. Wing. Popular Science,
Manilla. Samuel Kneeland. Harper.
while the style will be popular, the more serious
Militia. D. M. Taylor. Cosmopolitan.
intent of the general plan will not be lost sight of. Mouth, Physiognomy of the. Th. Piderit. Pop. Science.
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Mythology, Comparative. A. D. White. Popular Science.
Negro, Political Rights of. Andover.
Elizabethan navigator John Davis, by C. B. Mark Ohio Valley Archæology. F. W. Putnam. Century.
ham, F.R.S., augurs well for its successors. The ac-
Palestine. E. L. Wilson. Century.
Pauperism. A. H. Bradford. Andover.
count of Davis reads like a romance; and while full
Plateau, A. F.J. Sophie B. Herrick. Popular Science.
of instruction, it is sufficiently spiced with adven Political Ethics. Herbert Spencer. Popular Science.
ture to please the most exacting admirer of the
Prejudice, Psychology of. Ĝ. T. W. Patrick Pop. Sci.
Revelation. G. P. Fisher. Century.
inventions of Mr. Clark Russell and his compeers. Ruskin, John. Anne Thackeray. "Harper.
The volume is supplied with maps, charts, and a
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Seminoles, Florida. Kirk Munroe. Scribner.
few illustrations.
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Shairp, Principal. C. A. L. Richards. Dial.
Those who have hitherto regarded the hermit Signal Codes.' W. H. Gilder. Cosmopolitan.
people of Korea as a race of semi-barbarians will do Sioux, Sun-Dance of the. F. Schwatka. Century.
Social and Political Discussion. John Bascom. Diai.
well to read Mr. H. N. Allen's recently-published
Tennyson. Atlantic.
volume of “ Korean Tales" (Putnam's Sons.) These U.S. Army. Wesley Merritt. Harper.
University Extension. Century.
tales, while displaying the naive invention and art-
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THE DIAL
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literature makes the occasion one that may well justify the satisfaction of its
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1890.)
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1890.)
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LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY
HAVE JUST PUBLISHED:
MYTHS AND FOLK-LORE OF IRELAND.
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The W ay Out of Agnosticism : publication in a shape which would ensure the largest
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Or, The Philosophy of Free Religion.
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326
[April, 1890.
THE DIAL
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THE APRIL NUMBER
OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW
CONTAINS
Discipline in the Navy .... By ADMIRAL PORTER, U. S. N.
Socialism in Germany . . . . . . By OSWALD OTTENDORFER.
Kinship and Correlation .... By FRANCIS GALTON, F.R.S.
My Life among the Indians By BISHOP WHIPPLE, of Minnesota.
English and American Book Markets .. By O. B. BUNCE.
Conversational Immoralities . . . By Mrs. AMELIA E. BARR.
Flaws in Ingersollism . . . . By the Rev. LYMAN ABBOTT, D. D.
The Plea for Eight Hours By MASTER-WORKMAN POWDERLY.
Society in Paris .......... By MADAME ADAM.
The Tariff Discussion . . . . By Hon. W. C. P. BRECKINRIDGE.
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APRIL, 1890. No. 120. | become extinct by its own act if there were
not eternal truth at the centre of the system
around which it gathers and trembles.
CONTENTS.
Now this virile work of Rector MacQueary
THEOLOGY EMANCIPATED. Alexander Winchell 327
brings before us the nature of the conflict be-
tween new science rising in its own strength,
* CONVERSATIONS IN A STUDIO.” Anna Far-
and old science protected under the hallowing
well de Koven ............. 330
ægis of faith. It unfolds the promise of a
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF CRIME. purified creed, emerging from the rags and
John A. Jameson ............ 332
rottenness of traditions, standing up in the
SHAKESPEARE BIOGRAPHY. Anna B. McMahan 334 sunlight, under the cerulean sky, and calling
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. Eduard Playfair
on the universe to testify to the truth which it
Anderson ............... 336
proclaims. It matters not whether every posi-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. ......... 339
tion here assumed shall prove completely defen-
sible. It is an earnest struggle after the true;
Johnston's The United States : History and Consti-
tution.-Moorehead's Fort Ancient.-Lyall's Warren
it is an honest one; though it is human, and
Hastings.-Church's The Story of Early Britain.-
may leave other efforts to be made. But it is
Crane's La Société Française au Dix-Septième Siècle. a bright omen, risen out of the bosom of the
---Allen's Falling in Love, with Other Essays.- The Church. It is a magnificent assertion of the-
Century Dictionary, Vol. II. Swinburne's A Study ology to a right to participate in the benefits
of Ben Jonson.— The Fables of John Gay.-Ferris's of untrammelled thought. It is a brave vindi-
Great Leaders.--Gowing's Five Thousand Miles in a
cation of intelligence, without any recognition
Sledge.
of the necessity of the retirement of religion
TOPICS IN APRIL PERIODICALS ...... 342
from the arena. A man may be true to science
BOOKS OF THE MONTH . ......... without being a religious skeptic. A teacher
=- — —
— = = -- | of religion may be hospitable to all science
THEOLOGY EMANCIPATED.*
without feeling himself driven from the sacred
desk. The teacher of religion here asserts his
That which is fundamental in theology is lien on all that is true, and tenaciously holds
changeless. Science may grow toward perfec fast to the totality of truth, and with its shin-
tion, and fundamental theology will require no ing shield wards off the garbage of dead sys-
adjustment to successive stages of scientific be tems hurled at him by the representatives of a
lief. But the popular theology consists of the leprous theology. He will be attacked, but he
ancient, changeless, and essential core of theis will stand. He will be misrepresented, but by
tic apperceptions, with sundry beliefs of an es those who do not know him. He will be im-
sentially secular character accreted around it. peached, but by the powerless. The assump-
Secular beliefs are the proper subjects of sci tions of ignorance have never commanded last-
entific examination ; and science is relentless ing respect. Bigotries have triumphed, but
in the discrediting of such as do not endure their battles have been again fought, and lost.
the test. So it results that the discredited be He who fights for all truth fights in God's
liefs of traditional theology become obsolete ;
| cause.
and the scientist sometimes retires to the limbo We record these aphorisms because they are
of disrespect a creed tainted with the relics of imbedded in the book which lies before us.
effete doctrines. The tainted creed is abhor- They are living truths which spring from the
rent to intelligence, and the intelligent person heart and being of the book. More than its
inclines to withdraw from it, leaving weakly details of statement are the grand purpose for
intelligence to tolerate and defend the contra- which it exists, and the comprehensive declara-
dictions which do not seem to it of much con tion which its existence implies,—that theology
sequence. Thus the party of religious belief is emancipated. Its appearance is the signal
is robbed of its virility of thought, and would for rejoicing. It marks a milestone in the
progress of humanity—an æonic milestone.
*The EvolUTION OF MAN AND CHRISTIANITY. By the
Rev. Howard MacQueary. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1 But it is due to the reader, secondly, to im-


328
[April,
THE DIAL
part some conception of the doctrinal contents out dissent, writers who hold that the age of
of the volume. The first part considers the European man is expressed by one or more
scientific grounds of belief in the evolution of scores of years. Of this opinion we waive en-
man. Like many others, the author feels com dorsement. But the more general question of
pelled to understand that man, as the outcome human antiquity might, perhaps, have been
of evolution, is the final term of an evolution more broadly discussed in the light of racial
which is divinely planned, divinely outfitted characteristics and distribution. When we
with agencies and instrumentalities, and with reach a knowledge of the true antiquity of
time adequate for their operation, and divinely European man, there remains still the greater
guided to its predetermined issue. The author problem of the antiquity of the African and
affirms, what universal intuition affirms, that Australian races ; and the solution of this
man is a result, and one demonstrably not as problem is involved in the determination of
cribable to finite causation. Man is divinely the epoch of human advent upon the earth.
originated, whether the originative process re European man may have been coëval with the
quired a day or an æon, or an aon of æons; decline of continental glaciation, while tropical
whether it employed hands and means familiar man may have flourished, in his allotted home,
to our working methods, or instrumentalities during the dawn of the reign of ice, or even
such as are known only in the occult operations earlier.
of organic nature. If man's origin proceeds As to the epoch of the Biblical Adam or
from a being with whom a thousand years are recognized head of the Hebrew race, the author
as a day, it is not within our province to allot seems to endorse the view and arguments set
the time, or prescribe means or methods. Un forth by the present writer. This Adam (first
der any possible conception of time, means, and named in the fifth chapter of Genesis), though
method, man's origination was a “ creation.” truly the creation of God, was created through
But careful study, the author maintains, en a line of ancestry dating from the MAN men-
ables us to predicate some things in greater de- tioned in the first, second, third, and fourth
tail, respecting man and his primitive history. chapters—the first two 6 documents”-of Gen-
Man is an outcome of progressive improvement esis. The primitive man and his posterity out-
in the organic world through the geologic ages. side of the Adamic line are non-Adamic. But
The evidence of it is the evidence of organic Adam and his posterity are all descended from
evolution at large. This progress has been the primitive stock, and possess a nature organ-
psychic as well as organic. “ I accept,” he ically, intellectually, and ethically identical.
says, “the evolution of man, body and soul”; In considering man's primitive home and
though the method of the continuity of the condition, the author again discusses the Med-
psychic nature may be so metaphysical as to iterranean race as if it were the human spe-
elude our scrutiny. The popular theological cies. Thus, because the older races cannot
view of the method of man's origin is based on be considered as first planted in Asia, he sets
the authority of documents which assert noth down the whole story of Eden as a myth.
ing on the subject, or simply prop each other Now, we understand the history of Eden to
up by mutual citations, or else possess author concern the white race alone. That is the only
ship, date, and authority too debatable to per race which sacred history represents as coming
mit their acceptance as final proof.
out of Eden. Hence we discover nothing un-
In considering the age of the human species, scientific in the account of a localized Eden in
our author calls attention to the fact that our southern-central Asia. But we would quite
Bible narratives make no direct affirmations. agree with the author in his opinion that the
They, however, affirm or imply the existence primitive home of the human species was else-
of civilizations which, on the evidence of mon where. As to primitive condition, we hold,
uments and inscriptions, we now believe to also, with the author, that it is represented in
reach an antiquity of 4,000 or 5,000 years the rudest races of our day— not forgetting
B.C. The determinations of archæologists in that the lowest tribes are probably the result
reference to the condition, the dwelling-places, of degredation. But much of human advance
and the succession of " Ages” of prehistoric took place before the Hebrew Adam appeared ;
man in Europe, are adduced and explained, so that this ruddy progenitor was possessed of
and the conclusion is drawn that man's antiq culture somewhat developed. Here are dis-
uity is “extreme.” The author does not at- | tinctions upon which we place greater value
tempt to compass it in terms, but he cites, with- | than the author. If the Bible represents the
the
hod of man, body accept, been


1890.]
329
THE DIAL
Hebrew Adam as already civilized, we should tion. As to miracles, science and higher crit-
not conceive it as speaking about primitire icism do not deny their possibility, but only
men. If there were Preadamites, as our author the sufficiency of the evidence. Here the gen-
argues, then the man whom Genesis names eral opinion stands corrected. Says our author:
Adam does not represent the condition of the “The chief argument against the views of Strauss,
first man, and the Biblical picture may be Baur, Renan, and their school, which I heard advanced
quite true. Thus the clue of Preadamites re-
in the theological seminary which I attended, was, that
they denied on philosophical, not on historical, grounds,
lieves our Bible of this, as of many other diffi-
the occurrence of miracles. Strauss and Baur, it was
culties; and it seems to be an oversight of the said, were disciples of the pantheistic Hegel, whose sys-
author that he did not discern this fact. tem of philosophy denied the possibility of miracles. I
The fall of Adam,” as theologically con-
accepted this teaching until I read the works of these
ceived, is broadly discounted. In this position
authors themselves, when, to my utter astonishment, I
found it was a most unjust and false charge.”
he is fortified by quotations from Canon Row
and the Bishop of Carlisle, who, both from the
After a review of the invalidity of the alleged
silence and the statements of the sacred writ-
miracles reported among savage and half-civ-
ers, conclude that it is not the purpose of our
ilized peoples, we are brought to the direct and
Scriptures to teach the doctrine. On the con-
rigid inspection of the historic evidences on
trary, from scientific considerations it would
which the popular faith in New Testament
be inferred that the “old Adam” in man is
miracles is based. Through the details which
rather an inheritance bequeathed from a pre-
terminate in an adverse conclusion, we cannot
human ancestry.
here follow. Yet our author confesses :
The second part of this work considers the
“I believe in prayer and Providence (both general
evolution of Christianity.
and special), and hence I believe in miracles, or that
A preliminary ex-
God has actually wrought extra-ordinary events events,
amination of the Documents presents a sum-
that is, which cannot be properly called . natural,' as the
mary of the results of the free inquiries of word is commonly used."
Strauss, Baur, Zeller, Renan, Keim, Haweis,
The full understanding of the meaning here
Davidson, Greg, and others. But the au-
implied can only be reached by a perusal of
thor does not accept the teaching of these writ-
the chapter on Miracles.
ers without discrimination. He uses them sim-
It is perhaps an injustice to the author to cite
ply as guides in the exercise of a personal
his conclusions on an occasion when we have
judgment, paying little attention to the pecul-
not space to cite his reasons. But this is the
iar theories of any writer. The first reliance
common fate of authors, and their compensa-
is the testimony of the early fathers. The
tion is the critic's advice to carefully read their
final result of this examination is that,
book. On the subject of Inspiration of the
“ The ten epistles ascribed to St. Paul, especially those | Sacred Books, it is shown by citation of many
to the Romans, Corinthians, and Gallatians, are his
works; that the Revelation is St. John's; that the first
critical opinions—beginning with Archdeacon
three Gospels are not the works of Matthew, Mark, and Farrar—that the notion of verbal inspiration
Luke, but contain merely notes' made by these disci is of heathen origin; and the same claims are
ples, which were worked over by the authors of our made for the bibles of all other religions.
Gospels, some time between the years 70 and 125 A.D.;
Without viewing our sacred writers as the me-
that the Gospel of John was written by a Philonic phil-
osopher, probably a disciple of St. John, at Ephesus,
chanical instruments of the mind of God, we
some time between the beginning and middle of the know that man is possessed of powers and sus-
second century; that the Acts was written by a Gentile ceptibilities which bring him into conscious re-
disciple in Asia Minor—perhaps at Ephesus_between
lations with the Infinite Being, and that it is
the years 75 and 125 A.D., and was based on notes by
St. Luke, on St. Paul's missionary journeys.”
entirely credible that certain choice natures
should learn, and be able to record, much of
The sifting of the authorities is not con-
the thoughts and dispositions of the Father of
ceived as destroying their historic value, but
our spirits. All this, without the assumption
merely as overthrowing the verbal theory of
of infallible verbal inspiration, brings to the
inspiration. There is manifest chaff with the
heart and the consciousness of human masses
wheat, “ but the wheat is there. The essential
knowledge and consolation. And these bear-
facts of our Lord's life and teachings” are
ers of messages from God are thus far infal-
made accessible.
lible. The teacher Christ,
The great doctrines of Christianity are now
“ If he was not absolutely infallible, was nearer so than
subjected to examination in the light of God's
anyone else that ever lived on this earth. ... Jesus
method in the world, commonly called Evolu- 1 of Nazareth-not a Zoroaster, a Confucius, a Buddha,


330
[April,
THE DIAL
a Socrates, a Mohammed, or a Paul—is our Master in author, that theology is not simply a matter of
religion. He is, for us, the divinest among men.”
faith—partly, rather, of unreasoning credulity.
The Athanasian conception of the Trinity | We are not receding one step from the proud
he considers man-made ; and prefers to think position of stalwart religious defenders, in cast-
the so-called “ persons” of the Godhead ex- ing out the elements of recognized weakness,
pressive of the different relations of God to and claiming, as our author does, for auxilia-
man. This, it is true, savors of Sabellianism, ries to our religious creed everything that is
“ but no more than popular Trinitarianism
true and strong. ALEXANDER WINCHELL.
savors of Tritheism.” As affording theolog-
ical support to this view, he cites Frederick
Robertson, Heber Newton, Phillips Brooks,
“CONVERSATIONS IN A STUDIO."*
and others. The application, therefore, of the
cosmic principle of evolution to this subject There are some books which may be called
consists in showing how - the rills of ancestor- era-makers, some which mark a turning-point
worship, fetichism, nature-worship, idol-wor- in individual character, some which usher in a
ship, anthropomorphism, finally converged and new period in the thought of the world; and
blended into one stream—monotheism ”; then, those which are capable of the first will usually
in tracing the speculations concerning the spe accomplish the last. “ Sartor Resartus" is one
cific nature of Supreme God to theism of hu of these,— an intensely-felt and concentrated
man origin; and showing “ in particular, that impression of a personal view of those varying
the Trinitarian theory originated by a combi and perplexing phenomena which go to make
| up life. Mr. W. W. Story's latest work in
ology."
literature, “ Conversations in a Studio,” is as
These statements illustrate the free spirit personal an impression of a point of view as
with which the author continues to the com “ Sartor Resartus ”; but the person is not a Car-
pletion of his task. In the light of Evolution lyle, and the impression has neither strength,
he examines the doctrines of the Divinity of simplicity, nor directness. “ Conversations in
Christ—which he admits, though denying that a Studio " is not an era-maker in any sense.
he is God—the Atonement, Heaven and Hell, | It purports to be the record of a series of long
the Problem of Evil, Bodily Resurrection and rambling conversations in the intervals of work,
Immortality, and concludes with a picture of between one Mallett who discourses, and one
the Church of the Future. But it is imprac- Belton who questions and mildly disagrees.
ticable to follow him even in outline. Of every Mallet is immediately recognizable as the au-
theme he possesses a broad and philosophic thor himself, and Belton is an imaginary foil
conception. The treatment of the whole and invented by Mr. Story to keep himself going.
of its parts is his own. But the personal study But the illusion of argument is not well sus-
of a field so vast is a task too great for the tained, and if there is any disagreement in
powers of a single student. Each point has these pages it is an unrecorded one between
been the subject of special learned investiga. Mr. Story and his reader.
tion, and the great results are here collated in | Simplicity is alike the characteristic of epi-
a system, and copiously illustrated by citations | gram and platitude, and both express some fun-
from the great investigators. So far, the work damental truth in a condensed form ; but an
is largely a compilation of testimonies in sup epigram expresses truth which has been felt
port of the concise propositions of the author; and not expressed, - a platitude expresses again
but by this method the aggregate authority of what has been said and re-said until the world
a host of reputable thinkers is added to the is weary. Mr. Story has not always noted
of the evidence adduced by the author that line which divides the one from the other.
from the nature of the subjects discussed. It may be invidious to complain that he has not
Regretting our inability to supply a fuller thundered out what he thinks in a great world-
analysis of this work, we take pleasure in com message, like the ipse dirit of Sartor; but it
mending it to every thoughtful inquirer. We seems hardly necessary to make a book to tell
need not avow our full acceptance of every us that “ Shelley had a delicate and refined na-
conclusion, to hail it cordially as a declaration ture," and that Burns's “ Farewell to Nancy"
of independence in the field of theological | is “ charming." It cannot be denied that Mr.
thought. We do not cast contempt on the
| * CONVERSATIONS IN A Studio. By William Wetmore
theologians of tradition in declaring, with our | Story, D.C.L. Two volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


1890.]
331
THE DIAL
Story's pen is an eminently facile one, and that Faust is a colorless walking gentleman without
he has succeeded in filling two volumes with character or individuality, and that there is no
opinions scarcely more valuable than these, and real motif for Margaret's conduct ? No mo-
that his observations on art and literature are tive, indeed! - none, except that tyrant instinct
at times gracefully stated and nearly always which binds together a tottering humanity,
amusing. But with few exceptions the truths which bridges the chasms of space and time,
set forth are obvious truths, and either smack and which all the generations of a world of
of the recently-examined encyclopædia or strike poets have sung and yet will sing. There is a
upon the sense with the echoing sound of a kind of discussion which presents the unsym-
twice-told tale. Mr. Story has not here in pathetic surface of a blank stone wall for the
vaded these fields of art and literature with the unwary disputant. The author of these “Con-
tools of a geologist, searching earnestly for versations ” had best beware of it.
deep-lying truths, but ranges carelessly among The man of culture as distinguished from
the flower-gardens of thought with a net to the pedant speaks very plainly in this work, in
catch butterflies and a little painted pail for spite of errors of memory and faults of careless
pebbles. On the shores of the deep sea of production. The easy familiarity of old ac-
antiquity he has gathered a handful of archæo quaintance is discernible in the many pages of
logical stones which he presents for inspection these dallyings with old authors and old themes.
in the opening “ conversation.” This contains Mr. Story is at his best, perhaps, when he lets
some curious information about the prices paid his fancy free and summons to an imaginary
by the Greeks and Romans for works of art, symposium the great spirits of the ancients
as compared with those now commanded by and the “ dear dead women” of long ago. It
exceptional moderns. Later on, he gathers is very easy to see in what direction his fancy
another handful about the longevity of the an most often leads him; and it is very pleasant
cients. Whenever he touches poetry, he is to note the delight he draws from his close
sympathetic and sometimes suggestive. He acquaintanceships with the mighty ancients of
makes some comparisons between Shakespeare the classic world.
and Marlowe, which, if not original, are both But Mr. Story is most valuable when he
thoughtful and interesting ; but later, when he gives us a bit of living history, with an account
attempts to describe the decadence of poetry in of his own personal knowledge of people worth
England, he forces his amiable muse into the the knowing. Here is a bit about Landor
strangest of by-paths. Surely, he illustrates which is at first-hand, and a most interesting
his contempt of “ turgid and robustious non picture of the old lion in his last days. He
sense" with more force than consistency when had made over his villa at Fiesole to his wife
he says :
and children, to escape a debt; and, in Mr.
“ Afterwards poetry made an alliance with nonsense, Story's words,-
exiling sense froin its domains, and welcoming gilded "Here he arrived and spent some months, not, I fear,
furious feebleness and swelling distortion.”
making himself particularly agreeable, and forgetting
This may be intentional, and in sympathy with that the villa was no longer his since he had made it
over to his wife, when one hot summer day, toward
his subject; but he proves his statement far
noon, his wife and children turned him out of doors,
more conclusively, and with less danger to him with some fifteen pauls in his pocket, on the burning
self, in the following example of the matchless highway, and told him to be off and never to come
bombast of Robert Treat Paine:
back. He was then past eighty, and he wandered down
“Arrest Simoon amid his waste of sand,
to Florence, a broken-down, poor, houseless old man.
The poisoned javelin balanced in his hand :
There straying aimlessly about the hot streets exhausted
Fierce on blue streams he rides the tainted air,
and ill, he had the fortune to meet Mr. Robert Brown-
Points his keen eye and waves his whistling hair; ing, who was to him a good angel, and who took him
While, as he turns, the undulating soil
under his protection, and did everything he could to
Rolls in red waves and billouy deserts boil."
make him comfortable and happy. Shortly after this,
But Mr. Story's research is in advance of
Browning brought him to me at Siena, and a more piti-
able sight I never saw. It was the case of old Lear
his judgment, and his audacity -- or it may be
over again ; and when he descended from his carriage,
recklessness — outstrips the silent part of his with his sparse hair streaming out, and tottering into
discretion. What can be thought of the taste my house, dazed in intellect with all he had suffered, I
which rejects - Drink to me only with thine
felt as if he were really Lear come back again.”
eyes” as “ false, artificial, and unmusical”? Here is a small description of Beethoven's
What can be said of the literary judgment “ Pastoral Symphony,” particularly smooth and
which decrees that Goethe is no artist, that I applicable, which furnishes an example in a


332
[April,
THE DIAL
small compass of the author's style at its best later years of the century, led to a reform of
and most unaffected :
the criminal law in England and in many parts
“Do you remember that wonderful passage, when, of Europe. The result was that punishments
after the roar and rattle of heaven's artillery, the soft
were better ascertained, and were mitigated in
wind instruments breathe forth their pastoral airs, and
severity. A still more important step followed,
nature smiles again, and the blue sky again broods over
the world ?"
by which the reform of the criminal came to
There are many such passages as this in the
be accepted as the true purpose of punishment.
book, about many subjects, proving, what has
Doubtless, the tendency of the public mind in
often been proved before, Mr. Story's versa-
this direction, though on the whole salutary,
tility and enthusiastic sympathy for the arts.
has led to excesses, of which the fruits have
These smooth and graceful utterances of the
been abundant and far from healthful. Being
man of the world and the artist have been pre-
regarded as a victim of social and hereditary
served with the faithfulness of a phonograph.
influences, the criminal has too often been
Crudities, inaccuracies, statements unverified
transformed into a hero, whom his maudlin sym-
and unverifiable, are frequent, as they are in
pathizers have "first pitied, then embraced”;
most conversations ; but there is an individual
until one of the principal functions of a popu-
charm in conversation per se, and it must be
lar jailor of to-day is to superintend his prison-
said that Mr. Story has preserved its form
ers' reception of their hosts of admirers, male
with wonderful accuracy. It is always a mono-
and female, with their offerings of fruit and
logue, never an argument. But Mr. Story has
flowers.
had much experience of the world, in many of
A timely contribution to the discussion of
its most interesting phases, and it is a pleasure
this subject comes to us in Judge Sanford M.
to hear him discourse. We do not always
Green's recently-published work on “ Crime :
agree with him, we do not always wonder at
Its Nature, Causes, Treatment, and Preven-
the things he tells us, but we are always pleased.
tion.” Judge Green handles his subject with
The two attractive volumes which contain these
much fulness, and, on the whole, in a way to
discourses will lead the idle imagination in many
accomplish great good. If the treatise is liable
a pleasant path and reward the intelligence with
to criticism, it is for faults of emphasis. While
facts which are worth the knowing.
'the importance of the points laid out for dis-
cussion increases from the first to the last, a
ANNA FARWELL DE KOVEN.
large portion of the book is devoted to the first
and second points, relating to the causes and
treatment of crime, and but a small part to
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF CRIME.*
that of its prevention, which is of far more
Three objects have been kept in view by vital interest to society. The causes of crime
society in its efforts to rid itself of crime: First, the author declares to be :
to punish the criminal, and incidentally to se “Heredity, pre-natal influences, intemperance, ignor-
quester him so that the contagion of his ex-
ance, idleness, avarice, cupidity, personal ambition,
ample might not infect the innocent; second,
the conflict between capital and labor, a debased news-
paper press, sensational literature, evil example, the
to reform the criminal; and, third, to prevent
slavery of fashion, and religious fanaticism."
crime by stopping the creation of criminals.
Until within the last century and a half, the The part of the book which is of special
chief end of the criminal law was merely to value is that which may be presumed to rest
punish the criminal; and although the inciden upon the judicial experience of the author in
tal benefit from his sequestration was really applying to criminals the penal provisions of
greater than that resulting from his punish-
our laws. Five chapters are devoted to this
ment, it was very little appreciated, the public subject, four of them historical, detailing the
mind being directed toward avenging the crime treatment of crime prior to the present century,
rather than toward preventing the breeding of the treatment and condition of criminals at the
criminals. In 1764, a new era began with the present time, the principles which should gove
wublication by Beccaria of his work entitled ern all action relative to crime, and some of the
“Crimes and Punishments." By this was laid evils of the present system of punishment for
the foundation of a better system, which, in the crime. These chapters are of interest and
value to one who wishes to study the whole
* CRIME: Its Nature, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention.
subject of crime and its punishment, including
By Sanford M. Green, late Judge of Supreme Court of Michi-
gan. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Company.
| prison discipline; and were the purpose of the


1890.]
333
THE DIAL
work limited by the author to considering the criminals, seasonably, before the hereditary
ways and means of treating criminals, it would taint has broken out in conduct; and in assum-
be worthy of much commendation. The authoring charge of the uncared-for children of neg-
gives a detailed account of the reformatory in- lectful or poor parents, or orphans, who have
stitutions at Rochester and Elmira, New York, become, or threaten to become, vagrants and
and in other states, especially his own state of ultimately criminals. By sequestering such
Michigan. It is estimated that eighty per cent. youths, and constraining them to acquire regu-
of the prisoners at some of these institutions are lar habits, the elements of an education, and
reformed. Among the methods employed are suitable trades, a check would be given to the
indeterminate sentences, and a ticket-of-leave immense stream of idle and vagrant youths
system by which the length of a prisoner's im constantly reinforcing the ranks of crime. Of
prisonment depends upon his conduct during the efficacy of such a method of preventing
his incarceration, or after his conditional dis crime, Judge Green might have been convinced
charge from prison. The discussion of this by a visit to the institution for dependent boys
aspect of the case is intelligent and helpful in at Coldwater, in his own state, which he does
relation to the topic to which it pertains—the not mention, or to a similar institution which
treatment of criminals. But, as I have already has existed for two or three years in Illinois, at
indicated, not this way lies the most hopeful Norwood Park, in Cook County. These in-
source of relief from the appalling incubus of stitutions are not reformatories, but homes for
crime now burdening society. It lies rather dependent boys not criminals, and they come
in discovering the means of preventing crime. directly within the scope of Judge Green's
The author devotes three chapters to this sub- book, since they have a most important relation
ject; yet while the means recommended by him to the prevention of crime. The plan of the
are pertinent and to a certain degree effective Michigan institution, which is the oldest, is to
-being, in fact, means which must always be gather in, through state agents located in every
brought to bear—they are not alone sufficient. county of the state, all children of from six to
Those means are education, and the suppres fourteen years of age, not already criminals,
sion of intemperance. But mere intellectual who come within the description of depend-
training, without moral principle contempora ent children, to educate them, teach them use-
neously instilled and made over into habits of ful industries, and as fast as possible to place
truth and honesty, perhaps leads to as much them in good homes or apprentice them to
crime as it prevents. The suppression of in learn trades in the country. This seems a
temperance would prevent a large part of all great stretch of power on the part of the state,
the crime that comes before the higher courts. but in exercising that power it assumes the
But of petty offences, springing from want or role of parent, which the real parents neglect
from ignorance, by which criminal habits are or refuse to assume. The result now for many
formed, few would be prevented by the sup years has been most happy. At first, the
pression of intemperance, for that has little to Michigan institution collecting all the youths
do with producing them. From such offences, in the state coming within the terms of the law,
committed by boys and girls of tender years, the numbers were found to be large and the
larger misdemeanors and felonies are ultimate ages considerable. Every year the number and
ly the outgrowth; and it is those who commit the ages of those subjected to compulsory guar-
them that are led on, by the incitement of dianship have been decreasing, and it seems
drink, from one crime to another. Yet without certain that though the ranks of dependent
doubt a very large percentage of such crimes children will never cease to be deplorably full,
may be charged directly to intoxicating liquors. the numbers of the criminal classes will, as a
It has been said that “ if you would reform direct result of the school, be greatly depleted ;
a man you must begin with his grandmother.” in fact, of criminals recruited from the ranks
I would rather say, you must begin with his of such children—at present one of the princi-
father, and then quote the saying of Words- pal sources from which they come—there will
worth, that “the child is father of the man.” | be but the merest fraction. If our people would
To insure society, in other words, from the compel the young to attend school, would close
depredations and moral taint of crime we the saloons, and establish institutions like those
must cease to breed criminals. This can be at Coldwater and Norwood Park, established
effected only by the public taking into its own on substantially the same basis, crime would be
hands, for special training, the offspring of almost entirely wiped out, and the expense of


334
[April,
THE DIAL
-
the whole work would not be equal to one-half the high-school thesis or the minister's first
that now occasioned by allowing the liquor sermon, where, no matter what the theme, the
traffic and the creation of criminals out of our writer feels called upon to say pretty much all
neglected youths to go unchecked.
he knows, and touch a little upon nearly every
Although the work of Judge Green has not, subject under the heavens! The very first sen-
I think, done full justice to some aspects of the tence violates several elementary rules of writ-
question of the prevention of crime, and has ing. On the second page, speaking of the lack
given too many of its pages to details which of Shakespeare study in English schools and
are now of less urgent interest, it is, on the universities, we come to such an ungovernable
whole, a valuable treatise, and will well repay tangle of words as the following:
perusal.
“Looking, however, on what has been accomplished
John A. JAMESON.
by Sir Theodore Martin, our gifted English translator
--- ---
of the German Schiller and Goethe, whose elegant and
powerful renderings, known and appreciated in all
SHAKESPEARE BIOGRAPHIY.*
lands, in directing English students to his loved au-
The title of Major James Walter's new book,
thors, we will, with such an example, hopefully await
the future.”
“ Shakespeare's True Life,” attracts by its very
Mr. Walter's verbal sense is evidently very
audacity. For, hitherto, no one has made so
bold a claim ; even Halliwell-Phillips, the rec-
deficient; but we cannot help wondering that
ognized authority on all matters pertaining to
there was no friend or proof-reader to prevent
him from speaking of the 1623 edition of
Shakespeare biography, the student whose am-
Shakespeare's plays as the “ collateral edition”
ple means and high attainments have been for
when he means the “ collected edition "'; to re-
forty years consecrated to this one department
of Shakespeare-lore, pretends to furnish, in his
strain him from coining such words as “ reflect-
ful," " excursioning," " reverendicity”; to cut
monumental work, simply Outlines of the Life
out the fulsome and similar strains without
of Shakespeare. Nor is our sense of that au-
dacity lessened by the lofty tone of the Preface,
which he seems to find it impossible to bring
any of his chapters to a close ; or at least to
in which our new author refers to this recog-
nized authority (whose name is persistently mis-
persuade him to refrain from his favorite and
spelled Haliwell) only to regret that “his accu-
unmeaning attempts at emphasis by the use of
mulative power should have vastly exceeded his
“ more than.” What is a “ more than sympa-
thizing Friar Laurence”? What was Eliza-
discrimination."
But the book attracts also for far worthier
beth's " more than wisdom in her people and
reasons, and one is speedily oblivious to every
country's gorernance" ? And what can he
emotion but delight in its profusely and beau-
mean by saying that Southwark is doubly sa-
cred through its “ more than associations of
tifully illustrated pages. So many or so artis-
Chaucer and Gower”?
tic representations of the scenes in and near
which Shakespeare lived, have never before
Nor is Major Walter's general acknowledge-
been given ; and the name of the artist, Gerald
ment, in his Preface, of indebtedness to other
writers sufficient to justify such wholesale bor-
E. Moira, is assuredly one to be held in grate-
ful remembrance not only by all Shakespeare
rowing as the importation of whole pages, word
lovers, but by all lovers of beautiful art. In-
for word and sentence for sentence. Green's
notable chapter on “ The Elizabethan Poets,"
deed, as to externals, the book as a whole is a
from the - Short History of England,” is thus
perpetual satisfaction of the most exacting re-
transported bodily in large sections to pages
quirements of the publisher's art.
213 and 214 of our new book, with no sign of
Alas, that a book so charming at first glance
should prove so disappointing on close acquaint-
quotation, and only so much of acknowledge-
ance; that the absence of nearly every quality
ment as the misleading introductory remark,
“ Froude [!] throws good light on the condi-
of good writing should be so conspicuous on
tion of England,” etc.
every page as to offend even the most careless
But irritating faults of manner and pecul-
reader ; that its liberal importation of purple
patches " from other authors, often however on
iarities of style are after all but minor offences,
and the critical student of any branch of liter-
subjects most remote from the one in hand,
should be so strongly suggestive of the style of
ature will pardon many lapses of this kind for
| the sake of new and trustworthy information,
* SHAKESPEARE's True Life. By James Walter. Ilus-
be it never so little. Does the book, then, have
trated by Gerald E. Moira. New York: Longmans, Green,
& Co.
| this value? Does it justify Major Walter in


1890.]
335
THE DIAL
his claim that he has added largely to the was three-quarters of a century after Shake-
hitherto scant material”? Has he succeeded in speare had been laid in his grave, and although
reaping a full harvest where others have only it is probable that Betterton spent his time in
been able to glean a few and scattered frag-/ listening to Stratford gossip, rather than in
ments? Before we decide, let us see what has the pursuit of more exact methods of inquiry,
been already done in this field.
still it was such stray bits of information as he
Unfortunately, the worker's golden opportu gathered, and as he communicated to his friend
nity—the day when Shakespeare was living or Nicholas Rowe, that formed the basis of the
had just passed from among his fellows—was first written Life of Shakespeare, appearing in
suffered to pass without a single attempt to 1709 as an introduction to Rowe's edition of
preserve his memorials. Indeed, nothing is the plays. Rowe, therefore, deserves the dis-
plainer than that the world at that time had tinction of being Shakespeare's first biographer,
no inkling of suspicion of any value attaching as well as his first editor in any proper sense
to such memorials. Even the texts of his of the word. Although some of his dates and
plays were esteemed so lightly that it is a won conclusions have proved inexact, still his cau-
der so many were preserved, and it is not un tiousness of statement and his unusual oppor-
likely that some were lost through want of care. tunities, compared to later investigators, give
They belonged among the repertory of - stock-, a certain and very considerable value to his
pieces” of the theatres ; and that they were less work. He acknowledges that he was indebted
esteemed by the play-going public of the gen to Betterton for the “ most considerable part
eration succeeding Shakespeare than the newer of the Passages," and makes no mention of any
ones, is plain from contemporary literature. In of the old documents such as are the main re-
the prologue to Shirley's comedy of “ The Sis liance of present biographers. This method,
ters," acted at the Blackfriars Theatre, proba however, continued to be the popular one for
bly about 1640, occur these lines :
the long succession of Shakespeare biographers
“You see
for the next century and a half. Old stories
What audience we have ; what company
were revamped and new ones invented out
To Shakespeare comes! whose mirth did once beguile
Dull hours, and, buskined, made even sorrow smile; of the slenderest hints; nearly every one of
So lovely were the wounds that men would say
the something like two hundred editors of the
They could endure the bleeding a whole day;
- Complete Works of William Shakespeare”
He has but few friends lately."
considered it a part of his mission to serve up
The same author's later comedy of “Love's
Tricks; or, the School of Compliments,” has
a fresh relation, according to his private pref-
erences, of the stories of the seventeenth cen-
these lines in the Prologue:
tury gossips and diarists. The climax of these
** In our old plays the humor, love, and passion,
Like doublet, hose, and cloak, are out of fashion ;
fanciful - Lives” was reached by Charles
That which the world called wit in Shakespeare's age Knight in his eight-volume Pictorial Edition
Is laughed at as improper for our stage."
of 1838, of which one entire volume was de-
Evelyn's testimony (1662), after witnessing a voted to a Life of Shakespeare, including a
performance of Hamlet supported by the great history of the customs, manners, theatres, con-
Mr. Betterton, that “now the old plays begin to temporaries, etc., of the poet's time. This is
disgust this refined age, since His Majesty's highly entertaining reading, as it might well be,
being so long abroad "; and Pepys' general de since the author's imagination was restrained
preciation of Shakepeare's plays by comparison | by no more serious demand than to chronicle
with the modern ones of the Restoration, fur what might have happened to Shakespeare,
nish further evidence of the neglect of the what he probably did, the people he was likely
Shakespearean drama during the latter part of to have known, etc. But as a narrative of
the seventeenth century.
facts, it is absolutely untrustworthy.
It is no wonder, then, in view of these facts, The first attempt at a biography of Shake-
that no attention was directed to preserving speare from positive data was in 1848, when
reminiscences of the author's personality. The Halliwell-Phillips, ignoring the previous accu-
first man who seems to have felt any interest mulation of hearsay and imagination, issued a
in the matter was that noted actor of Shakes-- Life” based on documentary evidence of va-
pearean parts, Thomas Betterton, who made a rious kinds, chiefly registers of births, deaths,
journey to Warwickshire for the purpose of baptisms, wills, deeds, mortgages, and the like.
visiting the scenes of Shakespeare's life and It was a small work, afterwards incorporated
talking with his descendants. Although this into his magnificent Folio Edition of 1853 ;


336
[April,
THE DIAL
but from that time to his death, but little more | That such discoveries have been made by
than a year ago, having, in his own modest Major Walter, we cannot grant, notwithstand-
words, “ a fancy for record research," his time, ing his many attempts, scattered throughout
strength, and means were consecrated to this his - True Life,” to depreciate the labors of
chosen field, rather than to the larger one of Phillips and to show the greater extent of his
Shakespeare editorship,—-quite in the spirit of own. What we do grant is, that his book is
the Greek scholar who regretted, in dying, that a charming companion to the more scholarly
he had not concentrated his attention upon the work by reason of its easy flow of narrative,
dative case, rather than having scattered his its vivid relation and picturesque illustration
powers upon the Greek language as a whole. of a considerable amount of new material re-
Twenty-six years later, in 1874, he published lating to the interesting Warwickshire coun-
another work in the same line, entitled “Illus- try. But it is material handled in the spirit
trations of the Life of Shakespeare.” The dis- of Knight (to whom our author alludes as “ em-
tinctive aim of the book was-
inently the best biographer of Shakespeare”');
“A critical investigation into the truth or purport of and this is a spirit we had hoped was banished
every recorded incident in the personal and literary his from the Shakespearean field forever. And so,
tory of Shakespeare; but it is proposed to add notices
while denying that it is either - Shakespeare"
of his surroundings; . . . of the members of his
family; the persons with whom he associated; the books
or - True” or “ Life,” we gladly admit the gen-
he used; the stage on which he acted; the estates he uine usefulness of the work, provided one be
purchased; the houses and towns in which he resided, 'fortified against too implicit faith in it by rea-
and the country through which he travelled.”
son either of his own acquaintance with what
Much of the material included in these two is really known about Shakespeare, or by ready
volumes was worked up into a small octavo of access to works of higher critical value.
not quite two hundred pages, issued in 1881
ANNA B. McMAHAN..
under the title of “ Outlines of the Life of
Shakespeare.” Only a limited number of cop-
ies were printed, and these “for presents only,"
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE.*
with the design of eliciting the opinions of his
literary friends and correspondents on his novel Foremost in fame among our American fe-
treatment of the subject, before expanding it male writers stands Harriet Beecher Stowe.
into a larger volume.
Her “ Uncle Tom's Cabin ” was not a great
Within a year followed a second edition, the work of art—in this respect it was surpassed
first accessible to the public, enlarged to 703 by her own later performances, but it was a
pages, and characterized by such minute atten great power for good. It laid hold upon the
tion to every possible source of information as feelings and moulded the opinions of millions.
had never before been attempted by any biog- In truth of local coloring, in fidelity to dialect,
rapher. Testing all new discoveries by the ex it cannot compare with some stories of South-
acting requirements of his own choosing, the ern life that have been published in the decade
material continued to grow under his hands; just completed ; but in its fidelity to convic-
within the next eight years, seventy-six cities tion, in the fervency of its appeal to our com-
and towns were visited, and their municipal mon human nature, it far surpasses them. It
records examined, in the hope of discovering came from the heart, and it went to the heart
traces of Shakespeare's footsteps in the profes as no book that has been published since. Of
sional tours of the sixteenth century companies course, one secret of its phenomenal success
of actors ; his collection of books, papers, maps, was its timeliness. Yet not only was it the time
drawings, manuscripts, and relies of all kinds for the book, it was the book for the time. No
that would in the slightest manner illustrate one instrumentality did so much to prepare the
any phase of Shakespeare's life, work, and minds of our countrymen for the abolition of
times, became the most complete in the world ; slavery as did “Uncle Tom's Cabin."
while the successive editions of the “ Outlines,” Who has not heard how the book was re-
terminating in the eighth, issued since the au ceived : how Mrs. Stowe's husband refused a
thor's death, have come to be regarded as rep half-share in the profits, because he was “ too
resenting the only proper method of inquiry poor to assume the risk”; how so many copies
concerning Shakespeare's life, and not likely
* THE LIFE OF HARRIET BEECHER STOWE. Compiled,
to be superseded as authority, unless through
to be superseded as authority, unless through from her Letters and Journals, by her Son, the Rev. Charles
some unexpected and valuable discoveries. | E. Stowe. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


1890.)
337
THE DIAL
were sold that in three months the author's ten to him that shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my
per cent royalty amounted to ten thousand dol- | courage and skill to him that can get it.”
lars, and in six months to ten thousand more; The account of Harriet Beecher's childhood
how within a year one hundred and twenty edi and youth are of especial interest when read in
tions, or over three hundred thousand copies, connection with her stories of New England.
had been sold in this country alone ; how al We become the more convinced of the truth-
most simultaneously the book was issued in fulness of her pictures when we find that they
countless pirated editions in England ; how it are little more than photographic. In the
was translated within a short time into nearly preface to “ Oldtown Folks," Horace Holyoke
all the languages of the civilized world; how says: “ I have tried to make my mind as still
it was welcomed with joyous acclamations by and passive as a looking-glass or a mountain
all the most enlightened and the most humane lake, and then to give you merely the images
of two continents; and how its continued pop- reflected there.” And this is realiy what Mrs.
ularity with the second generation of readers | Stowe has done. She has invented nothing.
is attested by the sale of many thousands of All the scenes which she portrays were first
copies annually! He who has not heard this mirrored in her mind ; all the events which
may find it all, and more, in the volume now she narrates actually took place either within
before us for review ; or, better, in Mrs. Stowe's her or around her. We find further assurance
own interesting account published some ten of the truthfulness of her pictures in the fact
years ago.
that her experiences were not peculiar. In-
But in spite of this marvellous and long-con- deed, until Mrs. Stowe reached her fortieth
tinued success, the author of « The Pearl of year her life was not very different from that
Orr's Island,” of “ The Minister's Wooing,” | of thousands of young women in her genera-
of “ Oldtown Folks,” need not base her fame tion. It is this typical character of her career
wholly on - Uncle Tom” and “Dred.” Can that makes her account of it, as given in her
we, indeed, be sure that the stories of that sim novels and here in her journals and letters, all
ple New England life which she knew so well the more interesting and valuable. We lament
and described with such verisimilitude are not, that her son's account is not fuller, deeper, and
after all, the chief things Mrs. Stowe has done more lifelike; that it is not such a portrayal of
for art, just as “Uncle Tom” and “Dred” her life, in all its relations, as she might have
are the chief things she has done for human given us in her prime. Thus, though her
ity? If the highest office of art is, as I be- “happy, hearty child-life” is spoken of, we are
lieve, the interpretation of life, and if one can left to imagine what it was from the account
interpret best what one knows best, then Mrs. given of her mother's death, a brother's death,
Stowe's chief title to fame as a literary artist an aunt's catechising, the father's library, a
is her interpretation of the life of New En stepmother, and an attack of scarlet-fever. We
gland.
are assured that this “bappy, hearty child” dis-
Mrs. Stowe has recently acquired a new title tinguished herself as a pupil, and made her
to our gratitude by suggesting and to some ex father proud by writing at the tender age of
tent supervising the preparation of a life of twelve “a remarkable composition”—which is
herself by her son, the Rev. Charles E. Stowe. printed in full—on the question, “ Can the Im-
Her autographic preface, written September mortality of the Soul be Proved by the Light
30, 1889, shows that, notwithstanding her long of Nature ?” It is plain that to this daughter
period of invalidism, she still possesses the of the Puritans theology was daily bread. But
power to write aptly and impressively. She it was a kind of bread that, as prepared and
says of this biography:
presented by the preachers of the day, must
“ It is the true story of my life, told for the most sometimes, one would think, have proved harsh
part in my own words, and has, therefore, all the force and distressing to the youthful stomach.
of an autobiography. It is, perhaps, much more accu-
From seventeen to twenty-five years of age,
rate as to details and impressions thau is possible with
any autobiography written late in life. If these pages
Harriet was chiefly occupied as a teacher, and
shall lead those who read them to a firmer trust in God
chiefly interested in female education, first in
and a deeper sense of his fatherly goodness throughout Hartford and then in Cincinnati. It was in
the days of our earthly pilgrimage, I can say with Val- ! this period that she wrote some of her first
iant-for-Truth in the • Pilgrim's Progress ': • I am going
short sketches, afterward published in - The
to my Father's, and tho' with great difficulty I am got
hither, vet now I do not repent me of all the troubles I Mayflower,” among them “Uncle Lot,'' origi-
have been at to arrive where I am. My sword I give | nally written as a prize story for “ The Western


338
[April,
THE DIAL
es
Monthly," of Cincinnati. She wrote also some three months, it ran for ten. Before its com-
papers for the Semi-Colon Club, a social and pletion, having attracted the attention of Mr.
literary coterie comprising some of the best and Jewett, a Boston publisher, arrangements were
most intellectual people of Cincinnati.
made for its re-publication in book form, and
In 1836, she married Professor Calvin Ellis the first edition appeared March 20, 1852.
Stowe, a widower, nine years older than her Soon, bitter attacks, savage abuse, and filthy
self; and for the next fifteen years her life | threats began to be heaped upon the brave wo-
was given up to domestic duties and to the man who had dared to call in question the great
bearing and care of a rapidly increasing fam social institution of slavery. It was so repeat-
ily. Four years brought her four children, the edly asserted that her book was a mere tissue
first being twin daughters, and ten years more of falsehoods and misrepresentations that she
made the number seven. She writes to Mrs. found it necessary to suspend work upon - The
Follen in 1853 :
Pearl of Orr's Island," in order to write a
“ During long years of struggling with poverty and “ Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin,” giving the facts,
sickness, and a hot debilitating climate, my children the data upon which her work was based. This
grew up around me. The nursery and the kitchen were
my principal fields of labor. Some of my friends, pity-
were invited away from their Andover home,
ing my trials, copied and sent a number of little sketches
from my pen to certain liberally paying Annuals,' with
in 1853, to make a visit to Great Britain, at
my name. With the first money that I earned in this the expense of the Antislavery Society of Glas-
way I bought a feather-bed ! for as I had married into gow. In 1856, after the writing of - Dred,"
poverty and without a dowry, and as my husband had Mrs. Stowe made a second visit to England to
only a large library of books and a great deal of learn-
ing, the bed and pillows were thought the most profit-
secure a British copyright for her book and to
able investment. After this I thought that I had dis seek a much-needed rest by a stay in France
covered the philosopher's stone. So, when a new carpet and Italy. A third and last visit was made in
or mattress was going to be needed, or when, at the 1859, to secure a copyright for 6 The Minis-
close of the year, it began to be evident that my ac-
ter's Wooing,” and to give herself and her
counts, like poor Dora's, 'wouldn't add up,' then I used
to say to my faithful friend and factotum, Anna, who
children a year in Europe. It was at this time
shared all my joys and sorrows, . Now, if you will keep that she made the acquaintance of Ruskin and
the babies and attend to the things in the house for one of Mrs. Browning, letters from whom adorn
day, I'll write a piece, and then we shall be out of the this part of the 6 Life.”.
serape.' So I became an author.”
Shortly after returning from the second trip,
Throughout the “Life” we have occasion her heart was saddened by the loss of her eld-
again and again to note how the author's per- est son, who was drowned while bathing in the
sonal experiences, and those of her relatives Connecticut river, when he had barely begun
and intimate friends, were transmuted into lit- his course at Dartmouth College. After her
erature. Out of the youthful experiences of last trip came the outbreak of civil war, and
herself and her husband she constructed - Old- the sending of her second son, Fred, to fight
town Folks ”; out of her struggles with Calvin- for the Union. The young man became a cap-
istic theology she constructed “The Minister's tain, but was wounded in the head at the bat-
Wooing "; out of such glimpses of sļavery as | tle of Gettysburg in such a way as to impair
she obtained in Cincinnati and in short trips his intellect. Even sadder than the premature
across the Ohio into Kentucky, out of her fa- death of his elder brother is the story of Fred's
miliarity with colored help and fugitive slaves, sailing away for his health upon the long sea-
she constructed - Uncle Tom's Cabin "'; out of voyage around the Horn, and of his disappear-
the epidemic of cholera that visited Cincinnati ing at San Francisco, never to be heard from
in 1849, and carried off the youngest of her more.
little flock, she constructed the most impres Mr. Stowe has, on the whole, performed his
sive part of “ Nina Gordon.” She has ever
part, as the compiler of this volume on his
taken her readers into her confidence, into her mother's life, very creditably. The narrow
heart of hearts.
thread of comment by which he introduces,
" It was at Brunswick, Maine, that “Uncle connects, and supplements his selections from
Tom's Cabin” was written, in accordance with the letters and journals is unobtrusive, judi-
an agreement Mrs. Stowe had made to write a cious, and well-managed ; the selections he has
short serial for the “ National Era,” of Wash- made are in the main attractive and pertinent;
ington. The story began to appear in June, he has published interesting letters addressed
1851, and though announced to run for only I to his mother by Shaftesbury, Whately, Bright,


1890.]
339
THE DIAL
Whittier, Garrison, Lowell, Holmes, Kingsley, “ The Electoral Count Act.” On page 100, we are
Ruskin, Mrs. Browning, and George Eliot; | surprised to read : “ The states are absolutely for-
and he has furnished the work with an excel-
bidden , . . to pass ..any law impair-
lent index. All this is good, and it is, perhaps,
ing the obligation of contracts. It follows from the
all that we can expect from the compiler. But
last clause that states cannot pass bankruptcy laws.”
At page 25 of Cooley's “ Constitutional Limita-
we feel that there is still room for the services
tions,” we read: “ The states may legislate on the
of the biographer ; that this bulky book—with
subject of bankruptcy, if there be no national bank-
its thick paper, its wide margins, its type legi-
rupt law”; and on page 358: “ The several states
ble at six feet-lacks thoroughness, lacks com have power to legislate on the subject of bankrupt
pleteness, lacks continuity; that we still need and insolvent laws, subject, however, to the author-
a fuller, a more lifelike account of many years ity conferred upon Congress by the Constitution to
of Mrs. Stowe's life, a profounder analysis of adopt a uniform system of bankruptcy.” Both
her works, a nearer view of their relation to
in connection with these quoted passages, and in
her character and environment.
Desty's “ Federal Constitution” (pages 86 and
299), abundant citations of decisions to this effect
EDWARD PLAYFAIR ANDERSON. are made. Indeed, Desty states that: “On the
passage of a general [bankruptcy] law by Congress
the state right is not extinguished, but is merely
BRIEFS OX NEW BOOKS.
suspended during its continuance; and with respect
to matters of which the general law declines to take
By the death of Alexander Juhnston the country
jurisdiction the state law remains in full force."
lost one of her ablest scholars, education one of its
Misprints are 1789 for 1798 (page 131), as the
most successful workers, and those students who
date of the Virginia Resolutions, and (page 57) the
were privileged to enjoy his instruction one of their
governor's vote instead of veto. Desty's admirable
most valued friends. It has been interesting of late
work should have been included in the bibliography,
years to note how recent graduates of Princeton
and that masterpiece of all literature on our Con-
College have brought away from their contact with
stitution and political life, Bryce's “ American Com-
Professor Johnston, not only a profound respect for
monwealth,” should have been added in this new
his learning and his success in class-rooms, but an
version.
abiding love for the man. It is as a scholar, how-
ever, that his posthumous book, " The United States: One of the most extensive, as well as best pre-
History and Constitution” (Scribner), suggests the served, prehistoric earthworks in the Mississippi
large place he will hereafter hold in public estima basin, is on a commanding plateau overlooking the
tion. His literary executors are to be thanked for Little Miami valley in Warren County, Ohio. War-
thus republishing, in easily accessible form, the ar- ren K. Moorehead, of the Smithsonian Institution,
ticle originally contributed in 1887 to the “Ency- | has given us in Fort Ancient ” (Robert Clarke &
clopædia Britannica.” They are to be congratulated, | Co.) an elaborate detailed report of this work, based
also, for thus making more public a monument to upon a careful survey and exploration made by
his genius,- for this book is a remembrancer of himself, with the assistance of a staff of surveyors
which any man might well be proud. It will un- and photographers. There has been much written
doubtedly become the standard work on the subject about Fort Ancient by travellers and archæologists
it handles, not only because we have no other book during the past eighty years, and we have had nu-
which has attempted to do the same thing, but be- merous maps of the embankments, but not until
cause it is so admirably done that no room is left Mr. Moorehead's book has the place been fully
for any other writer to cover the same field in the described ; his report will doubtless remain as the
same brief record. Professor Johnston is at his standard authority. The total length of the walls
very best in these pages, where his clear perception of the fortification is established at 18,712 feet,
and calm and accurate judgment express themselves exclusive of bastions, spurs, or elevations ; but the
in a style which is a model for historical writing - ramparts, in following the outline of the plateau,
clear yet compact, forcible yet restrained. It is to are so irregular that the length of the work, in
be wished that the “ Society for the Propagation of 1 the clear, is but one mile. Long sections of these
Political Knowledge ” could revive, if only for the ramparts are still standing, some of them as much
purpose of placing a copy of this book in the hands as forty-two feet in height. What the author be-
of each boy in America. The work is so valuable, | lieves to be village sites are situated at various
that attention must be called to one or two needed places within the walls; there are numerous stone
corrections. André was not captured within the graves, many of which have yielded interesting
American lines, as is stated on page 72. Presiden- implements of stone, copper, and pottery ; but the
tial electors do not now meet on the first Wednes mounds, both within and without the fort, have
day of December (page 102): the time was changed never been found to contain important relics. In
to the second Monday in January by an act of presenting his conclusions regarding Fort Ancient,
February 3, 1887, referred to on the same page as our author is noticeably cautious, as well befits a


340
[April,
THE DIAL
young archæologist in a time when such authorities ter was judicially murdered, or accepts Macaulay's
as Professors Thomas and Carr and Major Powell comparison of Chief Justice Impey with the infam-
are vigorously attacking the long-established notions ous Jeffries as more than an extravaganza, akin to
regarding the age, origin, and purpose of the pre- that which declares Burke the greatest man living
historic earthworks of the West, while other author- in 1785. Our convictions readily follow Sir Alfred
ities, like Professor Putnam, are taking a strongly | Lyall when he re-states calmly the evidence for Im-
conservative stand. Mr. Moorehead ventures the | pey's judicial integrity and for Hastings's imper-
opinion, apparently with due deference to these dis sonal policy. So, also, in the matter of the Oude Be-
tinguished contenders, that this fort is about one gums, the Benares tribute, and the Rohilla war, the
thousand years of age — some writers have guessed author demolishes many of the misconceptions that
five thousand ; he holds that it was built by the owe their persistence to Macaulay, which, as one
Mandans, and may once have sheltered 35,000 In- familiar with India and its people, he should have
dians; and that these Mandans were then “much avoided. The author displays Hastings, not as an
higher in the scale of being than the majority of the immaculate personage, but as one who had a great
tribes and remnants of tribes found in this region by policy to carry through troublous times, and a policy
the first whites,” but that they did not have “any which can be condemned in the eighteenth century
special order of government; neither had they the only if we consent to condemn England's presence
use of metal, except in the cold state, and certainly in India without appeal; as one who deserved im-
they knew nothing of a written language beyond a peachment only as the India Company, the English
crude system of picture-writing.” The volume is a government, the English people, and English po-
useful, and in some respects a notable, contribution litical morality, deserved impeachment. Burke was
to the literature of American archæology. The always doctrinaire, and throughout all of his long
literary style, however, is amateurish, and the ar- pursuit of Hastings was incapable of seeing that this
rangement of matter is illogical and confused. The | man who served England so well was being made
author would have done well to submit his manu- a scape-goat for the sins of a nation.
script to an experienced editor before sending it to
the press. The table of contents is meagre and un-
Nothing is added to the reputation of Mr. A. J.
satisfactory, and there is no index. The maps in
Church by his “ Story of Early Britain " (Putnam).
the volume are good; but the numerous phototype
The book as a whole is ill-digested and carelessly
illustrations are for the most part indifferent pro-
written, although an exception must be made in
ductions, and now and then painfully weak.
favor of the first ninety pages, which contain an
admirable sketch of Roman Britain. Mr. Church
MACAULAY's now famous contribution to the gives grateful acknowledgement for the assistance
“ Edinburgh Review” for 1841 did for Warren received from Green, yet his whole treatment of
Hastings what Burke's impassioned rhetoric failed Anglo-Saxon history shows that he has read even
to do in 1788. The House of Lords acquitted him Green to small profit. The significance and rela-
in 1795: since 1841 public opinion has condemned tion of events do not appear on his pages, and the
him. Yet the words of Macaulay are as truly those result of his studies is almost as sketchy as an old
of an advocate as are those of Burke, and even the chronicle. How any man can write three hundred
sober pages of the “ Britannica” speak of Macau pages on old English history and not even mention the
lay's apparent ignorance of the contents of a book Synod of Whitby or Theodore of Tarsus — to say
which he is ostensibly reviewing. If it cannot be nothing of the failure to present their significance
said of Sir Alfred Lyall's recently published sketch for English national growth and unity,—is incom-
of “ Warren Hastings,” in the “ Men of Action” prehensible. We do not apprehend that the Story
series (Macmillan), that it nothing extenuates, at of the Nations” series was intended to be a collec-
least here is a book that does not “ set down aught tion of mere story-books for children; and writers
in malice.” In it we have a calm judicial biography such as Ragozin, Lawless, Rawlinson, and Lane-
of England's great proconsul, written in the impar Poole, justify the statement. The book has been so
tial spirit of the recent school of historical criticism. hastily written, apparently, as to be full of slovenly
The wonderful administrative ability of Hastings; English and wrong dates. Here comes in the
his triumph over the obstructive and paralyzing story” is not a happy way of introducing incidents.
tactics of that embodiment of anonymous vitupera Sentence after sentence, when following a discus-
tion, Philip Francis ; his Napoleonic seizure of the sion of probabilities, begins “anyhow.” The tur-
keys to the situation, military and diplomatic, when rets on the Roman wall, according to the number of
war was declared in 1778; his brilliant manage them to a mile stated by the author, must have
ment thereafter, which won the only successes for stood not three hundred feet but three hundred
England in that world-circling struggle ending in yards apart. Green's correction, following Stubbs,
American independence; — all this is set before us of the dates in the English chronicle, from the
in appreciative yet measured phrase. No one who death of Bede to the reign of Æthelwulf, is entirely
has read the more recent special literature on Indian ignored. The correction puts the dates forward
affairs now believes that Hastings was in any way two years, but Mr. Church cites even the unrevised
involved in the death of Nuncomar, or that the lat- l dates incorrectly, and puts them back of the chron-


1890.]
341
THE DIAL
icle statement. Accuracy is the first requirement for etc., etc. Now we venture to say that that part of
the historian. A fine opportunity to reproduce the the public likely to read a scientific paper at all,
best translation in the English language was lost in would prefer it without Mr. Allen's 6 sweetening,"
giving a portion of Morley's version of the “ Battle which consists of a sprinkling of rather indifferent
of Brunanburh," instead of Tennyson's magnificent jokes ; and even granting that the public likes its
rendering of that best of old English poems. Mr. champagne sweet, that is surely no reason why Mr.
Church seems to have somehow missed the whole Allen should offer it ginger beer. The book—aside
spirit of the times of his early ancestors, and the from its concessions to assumed mental infirmities
earlier chapters of the book, on Roman Britain, in of its readers—is interesting, and contains a good
dicate that his classical studies have fitted him bet deal of elementary scientific information. The
ter for a Latin atmosphere.
leading essay, “ Falling in Love,” is perhaps the
best, though we fear that parents and guardians
PROF. T. F. CRANE, of the Cornell University, will not approve of its main conclusion : - The in-
is producing a series of annotated texts for students stinctive desire for a particular helpmate is a surer
in French, the solid and unique merits of which de-
guide for the ultimate happiness both of the race
serve unqualified praise. The third volume, “ La
and of the individual, than any amount of deliber-
Société Française au Dix-Septième Siècle” (Put ate consultation. It is not the foolish fancies of
nam), is an account of French society in the seven youth that will have to be got rid of, but the fool-
teenth century, drawn from writers who belonged
ish, wicked, and mischievous interference of parents
to the brilliant society of which they speak. All and outsiders.” This is, to say the least, highly
who have read, and all who hope to read, Molière incendiary doctrine.
or Madame de Sévigné or Pascal or La Bruyère,—
all, in short, who take any interest in one of the The second volume of the “ Century Dictionary,”
most fertile and charming periods of literary his- | bringing this unparalleled work down to the end of
tory,- should hasten to make this book their own. the letter F, and of page 2,422, is now before us.
It contains just what they have been, or should be, THE DIAL is prepared to stand to what it said [Sep-
looking for, touching all those social matters which, tember, 1889) in praise of the first volume, and to
in their time, are so thoroughly familiar that no apply the same, with interest, to the second volume.
note is made of them, until they finally come to The fact is, that since the London “ Athenæum "
form topics for “Notes and Queries,” and for the has pronounced this princely work a signal evidence
discussions of learned societies. Professor Crane of “ American enterprise and thoroughness," really
says with perfect truth : “ My book rests upon my little remains for the American reviewer to say.
own independent researches "; the texts are drawn In its combination of excellences this Dictionary is
almost wholly from works inaccessible except at one certainly unrivalled, in England or anywhere else.
or two of our greatest libraries; while for some of Perhaps the most notable features are the exquisite
the extracts he has been obliged to have recourse illustrations, and what we venture to call the typo-
to the libraries of Paris, Florence, and Wolfen graphical perspective, by which the eye is at once
büttel. There is an excellent list of works to be caught by the object it seeks; the apt illustrative
consulted (if one can get them !), and in the inter quotations, which are often of independent value; the
esting notes and Introduction the author freely dis brevity and usefulness of the encyclopædic matter;
burses the results of his laborious researches. His the fulness of the vocabulary, for which all the really
prayer is that this modest-looking book may “ex living English books of the last five centuries have
tend the knowledge of a period when intellectual been surveyed afresh ; and the thoroughness and
attainments, as well as cultivated manners, were independence of the work on etymology and syno-
requisite for admission to good society.” To which nyms. The American side of the language is fully
we say amen, and add the hope that it may do represented, and American authors of repute are
something to hasten a similar period in America. I duly cited. Finally, the general appearance of the
volumes is one of imposing elegance. They belong
IN “ Falling in Love, with other Essays on More to the class of goodly tall books," the giant race
Exact Branches of Science” (Appleton), Grant before the flood,” so dear to the hearts of Charles
Allen reproduces in book form twenty-one articles Lamb and Victor Cousin. Indeed, Charles Lamb
contributed by him to the “ Fortnightly Review,”
probably never owned a tall book which he would
“ Longman's Magazine,” and the “ Cornhill Maga- |
not have been glad to exchange for this.
zine.” It is the aim of these essays to present
scientific facts in a form palatable to the general MR. SWINBURNE's new volume, “ A Study of
reader—to delude him into the belief that he is eat Ben Jonson” (Worthington), is a work planned
ing the sweetmeats of light literature, while he is upon the familiar lines of the author's studies of
really swallowing scientific salts and senna. In his Hugo, Shakespeare, and the lesser Elizabethan
Preface, Mr. Allen says: “For my own part, I like dramatists, – that is to say, it is not content with
my science and my champagne as dry as I can get the high-sounding generalizations which pass for
them. But the public thinks otherwise. So I have criticism in so many quarters, and which leave the
ventured to sweeten the accompanying samples,” | reader with a feeling that he has no need of reading


342
[April,
THE DIAL
the writer under discussion, so satisfactorily have gate of the Russian Empire, to Moscow-a distance
the neat phrases of the critic relieved him of the of 5,704 miles. The journey was performed in
task. It is, perhaps, the first of the many merits twelve weeks; fifty nights were spent in the sledge,
of Mr. Swinburne's critical studies that they inevit and 1,100 horses were used in making the different
ably send their readers to the works of the poet stages. The tourists met with no specially startling
under consideration ; that they are, indeed, almost adventure, but there was enough novelty and hard-
unintelligible except as a commentary upon the ship to make a good story—which is told by Mr.
opened pages of the poet. Read in this way, as Gowing with spirit and humor. The author touches
they must be read to be profitable, they are helpful briefly upon the Russian convict system, and adds
and suggestive as few English criticisms are, and his testimony to that of Mr. Kennan that it is about
illumine the opened page with a light often not to as bad as bad can be.
be discerned, except after long study, in the page
itself. Mr. Swinburne's study of Johnson is divided
into three parts, which treat, respectively, of the
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
dramatic works, the miscellanies, and the “ Discov-
April, 1890.
eries.” Perhaps our thanks are especially due the “ Académie Julian.” Ricardo Nobili. Cosmopolitan.
writer for the third of these chapters, for the little Alchemist's Gold. M. A. De Rochas. Popular Science,
Art Progress, Recent. Henry Blackburn. Lippincoit.
volume which it analyzes is one of the least-known
Belgium. Albert Shaw. Atlantic.
among the greater treasures of English prose.
Book Market of England and America. 0. B. Bunce. No. Am.
Civil Service Reform. 0. T. Morton. Atlantic.
A new edition of “The Fables of John Gay”
Clothing, Manufacture of. R. R. Bowker. Harper.
"Conversations in a Studio." Anna Farwell de Koven. Dial.
(Warne) shows how perennial in its popularity is Conversational Immoralities. Amelia E. Barr. North Am.
a good book. The first edition of Gay's Fables ap-
Crime, Treatment and Prevention of. J. A. Jameson. Dial.
Darwin on the Fuegians. Popular Science.
peared in 1727, and since that time not a decade
Divorce vs. Domestic Warfare. Elizabeth C. Stanton. Arena.
has passed without the issue of one or more editions. Education and Motherhood. Alice B. Tweedy. Pop. Sci.
Perhaps they are even more popular now, because
Eight Hours Plea. T. V. Powderly. North American.
Electric Railways. Joseph Wetzler. Scribner.
we do not see in them so clearly the bitterness of Eternal Punishment. S. M. Allen, Arena,
Gay's own life, and the satire on court life that ex-
Ethics and Religion. C. H. Toy. Lippincott.
Flying Trip Around the World. Eliz. Bisland. Cosmopolitan.
emplifies that much older fable of the “ Fox and Foreign Missions, Am. Board of Theology for. Andover.
the Grapes.” The disappointed courtier appears Fur Seal Islands. Charles Bryant. Century.
Germany's Fighting Forces. P. Bigelow. Cosmopolitan.
only in the role of the philosopher. The present God in the Constitution. J. L. Spalding. Arena.
edition contains both series of fables, and the book Hamlet. Wilson Barrett. Lippincott.
has many illustrations, besides excellent foot-notes.
Householder, Rights of the. F. W. Whitridge. Scribner.
Indian Campaigns. Wesley Merritt. Harper.
There is a new and very careful Introduction on
Indians, My Life Among the. Bishop Whipple. North Am.
the life and writings of Gay, and there appears for
Ingersollism. Lyman Abbott. North American.
Jefferson, Joseph, Autobiography of. Century.
the first time a bibliography, invaluable for refer Kinship and Correlation. Francis Galton. North American.
ence. Altogether this is one of the best editions for Labor Reform Programme. R. T. Ely. Century.
Lamb, In the Footprints of. B. E. Martin. Scribner,
the ordinary reader.
Literary Comedians of America. H. C. Lukens. Harper.
Man's Natural Inequality. T. H. Huxley. Popular Science.
MR. FERRIS's “Great Leaders” (Appleton), | Merchant of Venice. Andrew Lang. Harper.
which is an excellent book for boys, or girls either for Navy Discipline. Adniiral Porter. North American.
N. Y. Maritime Exchange. Richard Wheatley. Harper.
that matter, contains a number of sketches of fa-
Over the Teacups. 0. W. Holmes. Atlantic.
mous men from Themistocles and Pericles down
Paris Society. Madam
y. Madame Adam. North American.
Pascagoula's Mysterious Music. C. E. Chidsey. Pop. Sci.
to Napoleon and the Duke of Wellington. These
Physical Training. Mary E. Blake. Lippincott.
sketches are taken from various historians and are Princeton University. Allan Marquand. Cosmopolitan.
confessedly the best that are to be found in literature.
Reality. F. H. Johnson. Andover.
Religion and the Public Schools. M. J. Savage. Arena.
Plutarch, Grote, Mommsen, Curtius, Gibbon, Meri Religious Life in State Universities. Andover.
vale, Arnold, and a host more, are represented.
Rittenhouse, David. Popular Science,
Salvation. William DeW. Hyde. Andover.
Portraits of Pericles, Hannibal, Alexander, and
Science in the High School. D. S. Jordan. Popular Science.
perhaps a dozen others, are introduced. It was a Serpent Mound of Ohio. F. W. Putnam. Century.
Shakespeare Biography. Anna B. McMahan. Dial.
happy thought of Mr. Ferris thus to collect the
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. C. H. Herford. Lippincott.
best of what has been said about the great men of Shoshone Falls. John Codman. Century.
the world, and bring so vividly before us the gen-
Siam. F. G. Carpenter. Cosmopolitan.
Siberian Tragedy, Latest. George Kennan. Century.
erals and the statesmen and the great reformers of Siena's Medieval Festival. Anna H. Brewster, Cosmopolitan.
the past twenty-five centuries.
Slave Trade in the Congo Basin. E. J. Glave. Century.
Sloyd. F. B. Arngrimsson. Popular Science.
MR. LIONEL F. Gowing's “ Five Thousand Miles
Socialism in Germany. Oswald Ottendorfer. North Am.
Squirrels. •T. Wesley Mills. Popular Science.
in a Sledge” (Appleton) is a brisk little narrative Stanley's Emin Pasha Expedition. Lippincott.
which shows that its author, like most Englishmen
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. E. P. Anderson. Diai.
Tadmor in the Wilderness. F. J. Bliss. Scribner.
of his class, can use his native tongue fuently and Tariff Discussion. W.C. P. Breckinridge. North American.
correctly. In the present volume, he gives a graphic Theology Emancipated. Alexander Winchell. Dial.
Torres Straits Islanders. A. C. Haddon, Lippincott.
and amusing recital of a mid-winter sledge journey
Wagnerism and Italian Opera. W. F. Apthorp. Scribner.
through Siberia, from Vladivostok, the eastern sea- | White Child Slavery. (A Symposium.) Arena.


1890.]
343
THE DIAL
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
(The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL
during the month of March, 1890.)
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
Letters of Philip Dormer, Fourth Earl of Chesterfield,
to his Godson and Successor. Edited from the Origi-
nals, with a Memoir of Lord Chesterfield, by the Earl of
Carnarvon. With Portraits and Illustrations. Large 8yo,
pp. 320. Uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
What I Remember. By Thomas Adolphus Trollope, au-
thor of “Lindisfarn Chase." Vol. II. Svo, pp. 337.
Harper & Bros. $1.75.
In a Club Corner. "The Monologue of a Man Who Might
Have Been Sociable. Overheard by A. P. Russell, au-
thor of “A Club of One." 12mo, pp. 328. Gilt top.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey. By
David Masson. In 14 vols. Vol. IV. Biographies and
Biographic Sketches. Illustrated. 16mo, pp. 439. Uncut.
Edinburgh: A. & C. Black. $1.25.
The Pope and the New Era: Being Letters from the Vat-
ican in 1889. By William T. Stead. 12mo, pp. 256. Cas-
sell & Co. $1.50.
HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY.
History of New England. By John Gorham Palfrey.
Vol. V. 8vo, pp. 670. Uncut. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.
A History of Modern Europe. By C. A. Fyffe, M. A.
Vol. III., 1848 to 1878. Svo, pp. 572. Henry Holt &
Co. $2.50.
The Boyhood and Youth of Goethe: Being Books I. to
XI. of the “Autobiography." Translated from the Ger-
man, by John Oxenford. In 2 vols. 24mo. Gilt top.
Putnam's “Knickerbocker Nuggets." $2.00.
Peterborough. By William Stebbing. With Portrait. 16mo,
pp. 228. * English Men of Action.” Macmillan & Co.
60 cents.
Captain Cook. By Walter Besant. With Portrait. 12mo,
pp. 191. “English Men of Action.” Macmillan & Co.
60 cents.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
Problems of Greater Britain. By the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles
Wentworth Dilke, Bart., author of “Greater Britain."!
With Maps. Svo, pp. 738. Uncut. Macmillan & Co. $4.
Local Government in Wisconsin. By David E. Spencer,
A.B. 8vo, pp. 25. Paper. Johns Hopkins University
Studies. 25 cents.
Emigration and Immigration. A Study in Social Science.
By Richmond Mayo Smith, A.M. 12mo, pp. 316. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
FOLK-LORE.
Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland. By Jeremiah Curtin.
With an Etched Frontispiece. 8vo, pp. 345. Gilt top.
Little, Brown, & Co. $2.00.
POETRY.
Easter Gleams. By Lucy Larcom. 18mo, pp. 46. Uncut.
Paper. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 75 cents.
Robert Browning's Principal Shorter Poems. 16mo,
pp. 308. Paper. Appleton's "Town and Country Li-
brary." 50 cents.
Gettysburg, and Other Poems. By Isaac R. Pennypacker.
16mo, pp. 94. Porter & Coates.
FICTION.
María: A South American Romance, By Jorge Isaacs.
Translated by Rollo Oyden. With an Introduction by
Thomas A. Janvier. 10mo, pp. 302. Uncut. Harper &
Bros. $1.00.
Jack Horner. By Mary Spear Tiernan, author of “Homo-
selle." 16mo, pp. 347. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
A Chronicle of Conquest. By Frances C. Sparhawk, au-
thor of "Little Polly Blatchley.” 12mo, pp. 239. D.
Lothrop Co. $1.25.
Tin-Types Taken in the Streets of New York. A Series of
Stories and Sketches by Lemuel Ely Quigg. Illustrated
by Harry Beard. 12mo, pp. 297. Cassell Publishing
Co. $1.50.
Three Men in a Boat. By Jerome K. Jerome, author of
“Stage Land." Illustrated by A. Frederics. 12mo,
pp. 298. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25.
Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow. A Book for an Idle
Holiday. By Jerome K. Jerome, author of "Three Men
in a Boat." * 12mo, pp. 209. Henry Holt & Co. $1.00.
Five Hundred Dollars, and Other Stories of New England
Life. By Heman W. Chapin. Second Edition. 16mo,
pp. 305. Paper. Little, Brown, & Co. 50 cents.
Frozen Hearts. A Romance. By G. Webb Appleton, au-
thor of "A Terrible Legacy." 16mo, pp. 380. Paper.
Appleton's “ Town and Country Library.” 50 cents.
The Dean's Daughter. By Sophie F. F. Veitch, author of
“Angus Graeme." 16mo, pp. 291. Paper. Appleton's
“ Town and Country Library." 50 cents.
David Todd. The Romance of his Life and Loving. By
David Maclure, author of “Thoughts on Life." 12mo.
Paper. Cassell's "Sunshine Series.” 50 cents.
Jack Gordon, Knight-Errant, Gotham, 1883. By W. C.
Hudson (Barclay North), author of The Diamond But-
ton.” 16mo, pp. 247. Paper. Cassell's “Sunshine Se-
ries.” 50 cents.
Lady Baby. By Dorothea Gerard, joint-author of "Beggar
My Neighbor." 8vo, pp. 378. Paper. Harper's “Frank-
lin Square Library." 15 cents.
Afloat in the Forest; or, A Voyage Among the Tree-Tops.
By Capt. Mayne Reid, author of " The Desert Home."
Illustrated. New Edition, with a Memoir by R. H. Stod-
dard. 12mo, pp. 292. Paper. Worthington's “ Banner
Library." 25 cents.
REFERENCE-SCIENCE.
The Century Dictionary. An Encyclopedic Lexicon of
the English Language. Prepared under the Superintend-
ence of William Dwight Whitney, Ph.D., LL.D., Pro-
fessor of Comparative Philology and Sanscrit in Yale
University. In 6 volumes. Vol. II., Cono-Fz. 4to,
pp. 1222. The Century Co. $10.00.
Star-Land: Being Talks with Young People about the Won-
ders of the Heavens. By Sir Robert Stawell Ball, F.R.S.,
Royal Astronomer of Ireland, author of " The Story of
the Heavens.” Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 376. Cassell &
Co. $2.00.
TRAVEL-GUIDE-BOOKS.
Two Years in the French West Indies. By Lafcadio
Hearn, author of “Chita." Illustrated. 12mo, pp. 431.
Harper & Bros. $2.00.
A Handbook of Florida. By Charles Ledyard Norton.
Part 1.-The Atlantic Coast. With Maps and Plans.
16mo, pp. 240. Longmans, Green, & Co. 75 cents.
RELIGION.
God in His World: An Interpretation. 12mo, pp. 270.
Gilt top. Uncut. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Jesus the Messiah. By Alfred Edersheim, M. A. Oxon,
D.D., Ph.D. An Abridged Edition of “The Life and
Times of Jesus the Messiah." Author's Edition. Svo,
pp. 645. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. $2.00.
The Way Out of Agnosticism; or, The Philosophy of
Free Religion. By Francis Ellingwood Abbot, Ph.D.
12mo, pp. 83. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.00.
EDUCATION-TEXT-BOOKS.
Thomas Jefferson on Public Education. By John C.
Henderson. With Frontispiece. 8vo, pp. 387. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
Federal and State Aid to Higher Education in the
United States. By Frank W. Blackmar, Ph.D. 8vo,
pp. 343. Paper. Government Printing Office.
Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence
of the National Educational Association, at Its Meeting
in Washington, March 6-8, 1889. Svo, pp. 300. Paper.
Government Printing Office.
A German Reader for Beginners in School or College.
With Notes and Vocabulary. By Edward S. Joynes,
M.A. 12mo, pp. 277. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.00.
Aus dem Staat Friedrichs des Grossen. By Gustav
Freytag. Edited, with Notes, by Herman Hager, Ph.D.
16mo, pp. 115, Paper. Heath's - Modern Language Se-
ries." 30 cents. .
[Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid,
on receipt of price by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago.]


344
[April,
THE DIAL
-
A. C. MCCLURG & COMPANY
T. Y. CROWELL & COMPANY
HAVE NOW READY
NEW EDITIONS OF THE FOLLOWING
IMPORTANT BOOKS:
WILL PUBLISH IN APRIL :
Russia: Its People and Its Literature.
By Emilia Pardo Bazan. Translated from the Span-
ish by FanNY HALE GARDINER. 12mo, $1.25.
This remarkable and brilliant work is the production of a
distinguished Spanish lady, Señora Emilia Pardo Bazán, and
was originally given in the form of lectures before the Span-
ish Athenæum at Madrid,--a body composed of the foremost
authors and scholars of Spain. The lectures received such
hearty recognition that they were issued in book form; and
they now appear, for the first time, in an English translation.
A Sbort History of Mexico.
By the Rev. Arthur HOWARD Noll. 16mo, $1.00.
Between the numerous books on Mexico that have ap-
peared in the last few years-chiefly books of travel, guide-
books, etc.--and the elaborate work of Prescott, there has
be a distinct place for a compact work covering the
whole ground of Mexican history in a single volume. Such a
work has been prepared by Mr. Noll. The descriptions of
the Mexico of to-day are sufficiently full for the needs of the
average tourist, while the compact presentation of the whole
history of the country makes the book invaluable not only to
tourists, but to the general reader. It is also well adapted to
the needs of libraries as a reference-book, being supplied with
a well-made and copious Index.
A History of France.
By VICTOR DURUY, Member of the French Academy.
Abridged and translated from the seventeenth French
edition by Mrs. M. Carey, with an Introductory No-
tice and a continuation to the year 1889, by J. FRANK-
LIN JAMESON, Ph.D., Professor of History in Brown
University. With 12 engraved colored maps. In
1 vol. 12mo, cloth, $2.00 ; half calf, $4.00.
A book widely desired by schools, colleges, and libra-
ries, students and general readers.
“Of all the short summaries of French history, this is
probably the best."--Ex-President Andrew D. White, Cornell
University.
Convenient Houses, and How to
Build Them.
By Louis H. Gibson, Architect. « Architect and
Housewife.—A Journey through the House.—Fifty
Convenient House Plans.-A Practical House-Build-
ing for the Owner.—Business Points in Building.
How to Pay for A Home.” With a large variety of
plans and photographs of interiors and exteriors of
ideal homes, varying in cost from $1,000 to $10,000.
Bound in cloth. Square 8vo, $2.50.
A Foreign Match.
By Mary HEALY (Jeanne Mairet). 16mo, $1.00.
The author of this work, Madame Charles Bigot, of Paris,
is perhaps better known in this country as Miss Mary Healy,
daughter of the well-known portrait-painter. Her charming
little story, "A Mere Caprice," written first in English and
published a few years ago in this country, was afterward
written by her in French, and received the high honor of be-
ing “ crowned” by the French Academy. Her new story,
"A Foreign Match," is, like the former, a tale of Parisian
life, such as the author is so peculiarly fitted to tell.
A Winter Holiday in Summer Lands.
By JULIA NEWELL Jackson. Illustrated. 16mo,
$1.25.
This is a pleasantly-written and easily-read short book of
travels, by a Chicago lady, who, with a small party of friends,
made a winter excursion to Cuba, thence to Mexico, returning
overland. Her stay in Cuba and in Mexico was of uncommon
interest, and the descriptions of life and society in these ro-
mantic places are given in a delightful vein, with apt femi-
nine touches and playful wit.
A Dictionary of Quotations in Prose.
From American and Foreign Authors, including trans-
lations from ancient sources. Edited by Anna L.
WARD, compiler of “ A Dictionary of Quotations
from the Poets.” Extremely valuable as a book of
reference. Crown 8vo, cloth, bevelled boards, $2.00;
half calf, $4.00.
A Dictionary of Quotations from
the Poets.
With Index of Authors, Chronological Data, and Con-
cordance Index. By Anna L. WARD. Crown 8vo,
bevelled boards, cloth, $2.00; half calf or half mo-
rocco, $1.00.
Raphael ; or, Pages of the Book of Life
at Twenty.
From the French of ALPHONSE DE LAMARTINE. (Uni-
form with Johnson's “ Rasselas” and Laboulave's
“ Abdallah.") 16mo, gilt top, $1.00.
Lamartine's dreamy, imaginative, poetic tale of “Raphael"
has long been known as one of the purest gems of French
literature. American readers will be glad to welcome an En-
glish translation of it in this most fastidious edition. It is
a worthy continuation of the beautiful series of “Laurel-
Crowned Tales," designed to contain only the most exquisite
works of fiction, exquisitely printed.
Polished Stones and Sharpened Arrows.
A Collection of Scripture Texts and Illustrations for
the Christian worker and the home. By C. W. BIBB.
12mo, $1.25.
For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent postpaid,
on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
A. C. MCCLURG & CO.,
Cor. Wabash Avenue and Madison Street, CHICAGO.
Sold by Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
the Publishers,
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO.,
No. 13 Astor Place, NEW YORK.


1890.]
THE DIAL
345
-= = -- - - ----- - -
_-_-_-_--_-_-
A NEW ÉDITION DE LUXE OF
CHARLES DICKENS'S COMPLETE WORKS.
LIMITED TO ONE THOUSAND NUMBERED COPIES.
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highest ideals of perfection in book-making — ever attempted in this country.
The type is from a new font especially cast for it, and never used for any other purpose.
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The illustrations—half the value of a good edition of Dickens-are incomparably superior
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All the original etchings by Cruikshank and others have been carefully re-etched, line for
line, from brilliant original proof impressions, and proofs taken for this edition on Imperial
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The set will be completed in forty-five volumes, at the rate of about two volumes per month.
Price, bound in vellum cloth, gilt tops, uncut, - - - $2.50 per vol.
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346
[April,
THE DIAL
=
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_
The Cook Book
to go by
is Mrs. Rorer's :
ESTERBROOK'S
STEEL PENS.
orer's
Fine Point, LEADING STYLES.
IS.
Fine Point, - - - Nos. 333 444 232
Business, - - - - Nos. 048 14 130
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