navia," will be con-
given to improvement in literary quality. The
tinued during the present year. The regular
monthly articles on social and political affairs in the
leading serial, “Taken by Siege," opens pleasantly,
and justifies the prominence given it. Fiction seems
Scandinavian countries, contributed to this journal
to be the strong feature of the magazine, judging
by Prof. N. C. Frederiksen, formerly of the Uni-
by the January and February issues, and will
versity of Copenhagen, are perhaps the best of
doubtless give it considerable popularity to which
their kind within reach of American readers.
its low price, $2 a year, must also contribute.
A REVIVAL of interest in old English fiction is indi-
ALONG with the issue of a new eight-volume
cated in the republication of the once popular “ Can-
edition of the works of John Morley, by Macmillan
terbury Tales of Harriet and Sophia Lee. These
& Co., comes the announcement of an extended
tales were formerly read, it is said, by all cultivated
series of volumes from Henry Morley, to contain
people; and upon one of them Byron founded his
miscellaneous essays, poems, and tales, selected and
is Werner." The new edition, issued by Houghton,
commented on by him. The first issue will be “War-
Miffin & Co., is comprised in three duodecimo vol-
ren Hastings," by Lord Macaulay; which will be fol-
umes, tasteful and inexpensive.
lowed by Isaac Walton's " Complete Angler," Lord
MR. GEORGE P. UPTON's valuable and interest Byron's * Childe Harold,” the autobiography of Ben-
ing work, “ Women in Music," of which the first jamin Franklin, Gilbert White's "Natural History
edition appeared several years ago, and the plates of Selborne,” Martin Luther's "Table Talk," Sheri-
were afterwards lost by fire, has been carefully re dan's - The School for Scandal” and “ The Rivals,"
vised and considerably enlarged by the author, and Hallam's “ History of Europe during the Middle
will soon appear in a new and tasteful edition, pub Ages," and other English classics. The series will
lished by Jansen, McClurg & Co. The favor with be called “Cassell's National Library," and will con-
which the work has already been received will be sist of small octavo volumes of nearly 200 pages each,
still further justified by this edition.
published weekly, at the amazing price of ten cents
ROBERTS BROTHERS' list of new books includes the a volume.
entertaining sketches of “Madame Mohl's Salon and We are glad to welcome another of the excellent
Friends," by Kathleen O'Meara, that appeared last periodicals with which the professors and fellows
year in “The Atlantic "; Mrs. Jackson's posthumous of Johns Hopkins University are doing so much
story, " Zeph,” completed during her last illness; to promote and encourage sound learning in
a life of Rachel, the French tragedienne, by Nina their several departments. The latest is entitled
H. Kennard, in the “Famous Women" series; a “Modern Language Notes," and is to be published
" Short History of Napoleon," by Prof. J. R. Seeley,
monthly during the scholastic year (eight numbers).
author of “ Ecce Homo," with new portraits of It furnishes brief reviews, by specialists, of new
Napoleon; and a juvenile, “Our Little Ann," by
books in this department; it is designed as an organ
the author of “Miss Toosey's Mission " and "Lad of communication between professors and teachers,
die.”
and will contain “notes " upon all subjects, personal
The latest publications of D. Appleton & Co. are, or scientific, likely to interest the class for which it
“ Protection 18. Free-Trade," a defense of the pro is designed. To say nothing of the guaranty of its
tective policy, by Ex-Governor Hoyt of Pennsyl distinguished editorship, the January number fur-
vania; Saintsbury's life of Marlborough, in the nishes solid evidence that this periodical will be of
“ English Worthies” series; “ French Dishes for great utility to present and prospective teachers of
American Tables," by Pierre Caron; “The Corre modern languages. The subscription price, which
spondent,' a manual of forms, etc., by Jas. W. | is fixed at one dollar a year, should be sent to the
Davidson; and three new books of fiction—"Don- | managing editor, Prof. A. M. Elliott, Baltimore.


1886.)
285
THE DIAL
MESSRS. G. P. PUTNAM's Sons have an extended | as a copy, so, though I dare not deny the original of
list of works for early publication, among which we my little poem, I altogether refuse to have it con-
note “The History of the English Constitution," by sidered as the very effigies of such a moral and
Rudolph Gneist, Professor of Constitutional History intellectual superiority." The meaning would seem
in the University of Berlin, translated by Philip F. | to be that Wordsworth was the recreant referred to,
Ashworth; “Humorous Masterpieces from Ameri but that Browning afterwards learned to think bet-
can Literature," edited by Edward T. Mason, in ter things of him.
three volumes ; “France under Richelieu and Maza-
rin," an historical study, by J. B. Perkins; “The
Life and Letters of Joel Barlow," by Charles Burr TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
Todd ; “Mechanics and Faith," a study of spiritual
FEBRUARY, 1886.
truth in nature, by Charles Talbot Porter ; “Poetry
Acclimatization. Rudolph Virchow. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
as a Representative Art,” by Prof. Geo. L. Ray Albany. Frederic G. Mather. Mag. Am. History.
mond, of Princeton College; “Evolution of To-
Army of the Potomac Under Hooker. Mag. Am. History.
Barve, Antoine Louis. Henry Eckford. Century.
Day," a summary of the theory of Evolution as held
Bimetallism. A. L. Chapin, Dial.
by modern scientists, by Prof. H. W. Conn, of the Blue-Grass Region of Kentucky. J. L. Allen, Harper's.
Wesleyan University ; "The Adirondacks as a
Bowles, Samuel. Washington Gladden. Dial.
British Navy, The. Sir Edward Reed. Harper's.
Health Resort," by William Stickler, M.D.; several Brown, John. Atlantic.
additional volumes in the historical series, “The
Canada, Disintegration of. Prosper Bender. Mag. Am. His.
Carpenter, W. B. Popular Science Monthly.
Story of the Nations ;” and a number of economic Charleston Convention, 1788. A. W. Clason. Mag. Am. H.
and political pamphlets.
China, An American Soldier in. A. A. Hayes. Atlantic.
Christian Doctrine, History of. D. H. Wheeler. Dial.
THE “New Princeton Review” is substantial and City Dwellings. Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. Century.
Civil Service Reform. Dorman B. Eaton. Lippincott's.
satisfying in appearance, with clear print, good
Clouds, A Rhapsody of. Atlantic
paper, and generous proportions. In the first number Damaraland, Medical Practice in. Popular Science Monthly.
(January) the contents are fairly diversified, -vary-
Eads, James B. Popular Science Monthly.
East River and Hell Gate. John Newton, Pop. Sci. Mo.
ing from a light Cableish novelette of Creole life, Education in Prison Reform. C. D. Warner. Harper's.
entitled “Monsieur Motte," to essays in political English Elections, Significance of the. Andover Review.
European Militancy. Alfred R. Wallace. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
economy, politics, and philosophy, which are suffi-
Genesis and Nature. T. H. Huxley. Popular Science Monthly.
ciently heavy, not to say sometimes soggy. The Grant's " Chattanooga." William F. Smith. Century.
publishers wish emphasis given to the fact that this
Greville Memoirs. Woodrow Wilson. Dial.
Hugo, Victor, Religion of. R. S. Andover Review.
is an entirely new periodical, and not a revival of Instinct as a Guide to Health. F. L. Oswald. Pop. Sci. Mo.
the old “Princeton Review"; but their intimation Inventions, Influence of on Civilization. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
Italian Religious Reform. Wm. C. Langdon. And. Review.
that Dr. McCosh will be the periodical's chief purveyor
Living Balls. Olive Thorne Miller. Harper's.
of philosophic pabulum is not reassuring to readers Malvern Hill, Rear-Guard at. D. Keyes. Century.
who naturally look to a nero review for philosophy a
Manasses, Jackson's "Foot-Cavalry” at Century.
Manual Training. Charles H. Ham. Harper's.
little less decrepit than that dispensed by this sedu Manufacturing Town, Spiritual Problem of the. And. Rev.
lous antiquarian. Among the more propitiatory
McClellan, George B., Anecdotes of. Century
Ministerial Responsibility. Abbot L. Lowell. Atlantic.
papers of the number are Charles Dudley Warner's Musket as a Social Force. John McElroy. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
on “Society in the New South,” Prof. McMaster's New Mexican Campaign of 1862. A. A. I layes, Mag. Am. H.
on “A Free Press in the Middle Colonies,” and Prof.
Passion Play of Persia, The. S. G. W. Benjamin. Harper's.
Photography in Color. O. N. Rood, Pop. Sci. Monthly.
Young's on “Lunar Problems." It should be added Place Congo, Dance in. George W. Cable. Century.
that the new review is published by A. C. Arm-
Pope, The March Against. James Longstreet. Century.
v Rates, Discrimination in, Popular Science Monthly.
strong & Son, New York, at $3 a year (six numbers). Sable Island. J. McDonald Oxley. Mag. Am. History
Schliemann's Explorations at Tiryns. Paul Shorey. Dial.
THE oft-repeated question as to the individual
Socialism. Richard T. Ely. Andover Review.
referred to in Robert Browning's poem on “The Spencer on Ecclesiastical Institutions. J. Bascom. Dial.
Lost Leader ”_
Sun, Bishop's Ring Around the. W. M. Davis. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Taxation, State. H. J. Ten Eyck. Popular Science Monthly.
"Just for a handful of silver he left us,
Vicksburg, Leggett's Brigade before. F.D.Grant. Century.
Just for a ribbon to put in his coat”-
Wayne, Anthony. John W. de Peyster. Mag. Am. Hist.
is at last answered, after a fashion, by the poet him-
Wilderness Campaign, Preparing for. U.S.Grant. Century.
Women in Astronomy. E, Lagrange. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
self. In the preface to Grosart's “Prose Works of
William Wordsworth,” Browning is quoted as writing
to the editor of that edition: “I have been asked
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
the question you now address me with, and as duly
answered it, I can't remember how many times.
[The following List includes all Nero Books, American and For.
eign, received during the month of January by MESSRS.
There is no sort of objection to one more assurance, JANSEX, MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.]
or rather confession, on my part, that I did in my
hasty youth presume to use the great and venerated
BIOGRAPHY.
personality of Wordsworth as a sort of painter's Prince Bismarck. An Historical Biography. By
model; one from which this or the other particular
Charles Lowe, M.A. With two portaits. 2 vols., 8vo.
Cassell & Co. $5.00.
feature may be selected and turned to account; had
Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Leslie
I intended more, above all, such a boldness as por Stephen, 8vo, pp. 448. Vol. V. Bicheno-Bottisham.
traying the entire man, I should not have talked
Macmillan & Co. $3.25.
about 'handfuls of silver and bits of ribbon.' These
The Life of Henry Fawcett. By Leslie Stephen. With
troo portraits. 8vo, pp. 483. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50.
never influenced the change of politics in the great
Bryant and His Friends: Some Reminiscences of the
poet; whose defection, nevertheless, accompanied as Knickerbocker Writers. By J. G. Wilson. Large paper
it was by a regular face-about of his special party,
edition, limited to 195 copies, with numerous extra portraits
and illustrations on steel. Quarto, pp. 143. Fords, Howard
was to my juvenile apprehension, and even mature & Hulbert. Net, $15.00.
consideration, an event to deplore. But just as in A Short History of Napoleon the First. By J. R.
the tapestry on my wall I can recognize figures which Seeley. 16mo, pp. 315. Portrait. Roberts Bros. 81.50.
have struck out a fancy, on occasion, that though
The Secret Memoirs of Madame La Marquise de
Pom padour. Collected and arranged by Jules Beau.
truly enough thus derived, yet would be preposterous joint. 8vo, pp. 257. London, Net, $3.70.


286
[Feb.,
THE DIAL
December. “Through the Year with the Poets." Edited by
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The Thought of God. In Hymns and Poems. By F. L.
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1886.]
287
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The Complete Poetical Works of Percy SCIENTIFIC THEISM.
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THE DIAL
---
--
O'Meara's Madame Mohl and Her Salon.-Swin.
VOL. VI. MARCH, 1886. No. 71. series of four essays, entitled respectively:
---- -
“ The Prospects of Popular Government,”
“ The Nature of Democracy,” “The Age of
CONTENTS.
Progress,” and “The Constitution of the
AN ENGLISH VIEW OF DEMOCRACY. James 0. United States.” They are distinguished by
Pierce .................. 293 that clear and lucid style with which the
LOWE'S LIFE OF BISMARCK. Herbert Tuttle . . . 295 author's readers are familiar, though his ear-
SCHERER'S GERMAN LITERATURE. Melville B. nestness betrays him occasionally into false
Anderson ................. 296 rhetoric, as when he departs from his custom-
JOHN BROWN'S LIFE OF BUNYAN. George 0.
ary judicial calmness to satirize the poet of
Noves . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . .
Modern Democracy.
. 298
RECENT FICTION. Wm. Morton Payne ...... 299
The curiosity of Americans will naturally
suggest an examination, first of all, of the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 303
essay on the American Constitution. This
Bancroft's Alaska. - Froude's Oceana. - Miss
will not, however, prove the most interesting,
burne's Victor Hugo.-Schoenhof's The Industrial even to American readers. For intrinsic
Situation and the Question of Wages.-Sankey's
merit, the paper entitled “The Age of Prog-
The Spartan and Theban Supremacies.-Morris's
The Early Hanoverians.-Seeley's Short History of
ress" will probably be preferred, as furnishing
Napoleon the First.-Miss Kennard's Biography a gratifying repetition of Mr. Maine's best
of Rachel.-Fisher's Outlines of Universal His.
labors in the study of Institutions by the his-
tory.-Mrs. Bolton's Social Studies in England.-
torical method. In this series of studies, the
Warner's Physical Expression. - Hartmann's
Anthropoid Apes. - Salter's Die Religion der
author takes the American Republic and its
Moral. – Montgomery's Leading Facts of Eng Constitution as affording the most practical
lish History. – Phelps's My Study and Other
and successful example of popular government
Essays. – England as Seen by an American
Banker. – Progressive Orthodoxy. - Hale's Boy's
that modern times have exhibited, its British
Heroes.
progenitor not excepted. Following Freeman
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 308
in his historical lectures, and Dicey in his illus-
TOPICS IN MARCH PERIODICALS. ...... 309
trative letters, Maine gives his best thought
to these transatlantic studies, and lends his
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 309
aid in enabling Americans to “see ourselves
----- ------------------- ---- -----
as others see us." He classes together, under
AN ENGLISH VIEW OF DEMOCRACY, *
the title of his general subject, all forms of
government in which the democratic principle,
A striking testimony to the success of the or government by the Many, as distinguished
American experiment in government is the from government by the One or the Few,
careful and solicitous study which leading predominates. The key-note of his disqui-
English statesmen are now giving to our sitions is that Democracy is only a form of
institutions. The average Briton has passed government. He draws very clearly, in many
from his first state of contempt for revolted places, the distinction between a pure democ-
America, through indifference and curiosity, racy and the various forms of representative
into an affectionate and lively interest. The republics. Though he may seem at times to
threatening attitude of communism in Great overlook these distinctions—as when he says
Britain has brought the insular statesmanship that the scheme of the Federal Union has
face to face with the democratic idea, and has made Democracy “tolerable in America,”-it
compelled a study of popular government in must be remembered that he is not addressing
all its phases. Thus carefully studied, the himself solely to American readers. His care-
American idea has proved not only tolerable ful insistence upon the truism that Democracy
but attractive. A more complete answer than | is only a form of government, is for the instruc-
the recent diatribe of a Sir Lepel Griffin de tion of the English people, to whom the
served is furnished in the earnestness with Socialists are preaching the doctrine that
which a Sir Henry Maine explains the beauty Democracy is the natural enemy of all govern-
and the strength of our form of popular govern ment.
ment, and points out its improvements upon As a political prophet, Maine is neither
its British original. This astute and erudite optimist nor pessimist. Observation of the
student of institutions now gives us his obser experience of the past teaches him that a pure
vations respecting Popular Government, in a democracy is practically an impossibility. The
difficulties attending the French Plébiscite and
* POPULAR GOVERNMENT. Four Essays. By Sir Henry
the Swiss Referendum furnish a warning. It
Sumner Maine, author of "Ancient Law," etc. New York:
Henry Holt & Company.
| is almost Utopian to expect a pure Democracy


294
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[March,
-
to pursue a consistent scheme of legislation | form of government, and more thoroughly an-
through successive years. Granted that it is choring its institutions in immobility, we can
desirable to secure the average Voice of the better promote its perpetuity.
entire People, how is this to be accomplished ? In consonance with these theories, Mr.
The most ready way is through the declaration Maine points out that the exceptional success
by some influential leader, of an opinion, or of of the American experiment, which he lauds
a series of opinions from time to time, which so highly, is attributable largely,—first, to the
the ruling multitude may adopt and follow. skill with which the curb has been applied to
This inevitably tends toward the elevation the popular impulses; and second, to the ad-
of the demagogue to a position of influence mirable balancing of powers which has given
and command. It is therefore a conservative to the American judiciary that immense con-
movement to try, by the use of an electoral or servative force which the British system lacks.
representative body, to elicit an expression of This author's general opinion of America and
opinion which shall fairly represent the average her institutions is evidently formed only after
popular sentiment, and which the people may long observation and consideration, and, as
adopt and ratify without at the same time what has been said above will indicate, it is
placing the demagogue in power. Again, always unprejudiced and kindly. His view of
Democracy, being but a form of government, what are the salient and commanding features
is, as such, under the necessity, common to all of our system is deeply interesting to Ameri-
governments, of self-preservation by securing can readers. One is the peculiar position and
the national integrity, dignity, and greatness. power of the President, who governs while he
Therefore it is as essential to this as to any does not reign. Another is the “obligation of
other form of government that there be a contracts” clause of the Federal Constitution,
central power which governs and to which the which Maine esteems as “the bulwark of
mass of the people are subject. It requires a American individualism against democratic
select'Few to represent, protect and care for the impatience and socialistic fantasy." By these
Many. All such institutions as a Senate or a and other features of the American Constitu-
Second Chamber are essential limitations upon tion, he illustrates many of the weak points in
the power of the Vox Populi. In a word, the the British system which are now embarrass-
Many can successively govern themselves only ing the English statesmen.
by a representative system. Thus Maine's Viewing America from a distance, and not
ratiocinations bring him to the same position knowing her people by personal contact and
in political philosophy which the founders of study, Mr. Maine has overlooked one of their
the American system occupied. It is not most striking characteristics, one which bears
strange, therefore, that he frankly acknowl most valuable testimony as to the prospects of
edges the sagacity which inspired their work, popular government. This is the educating
and the indebtedness of the world to them. influence upon the people themselves of the
The great value of his essay on “the Age | institutions under wbich they live and thrive.
of Progress” lies in its exposure of the fallacy To his view, the War of Secession was a
that Progress is the great law of human society. crucial test of the American system. But
The theory that Democracy is in its essence a how great was the strain upon the temper of
progressive form of government is a gross the people when, but a little more than a year
delusion. The assumption that popular gov ago, the question of the Presidency for another
ernments have always been legislating govern term was settled, amidst intense popular agita-
ments is a historical error. The truth is that tion, by an infinitesimal majority, and yet
the impulse to progress or improvement is rev without strife or serious disturbance! Again,
olutionary : a tidal wave in the ocean of hu how severe the strain upon all our institutions
manity. The normal condition of society is when the Electoral Commission scheme was
one, not of changeableness, but of immobility; successful in peaceably settling the disputed
the stronger force is inertia or conservatism ; succession to the Presidency, and the defeated
progress is exceptional. In politics, the hered party, still claiming to be the majority, yielded
itary influences are greater than any other; to the decision grudgingly yet finally! An
and as a rule men adopt the views of their an army, with powder, lead, and bayonets, may
cestors, just as they generally retain the habits readily settle such a controversy as the War
and the manners in which they were educated. of Secession, as has often occurred in the past.
If, therefore, we find the age we live in to But it is a new experience for a Democracy to
be an age of Progress, we should err in sup- / settle thus quietly, by the aid of their own
posing, either that we owe that characteristic self-restraint, such fiercely-fought controver-
of our age to the controlling influence of De- / sies. Mr. Maine thinks the United States the
mocracy, or that Democracy is thereby redeem only.land “in which the army could not con-
ing the world from a death of inaction to a trol the government, if it were of one mind
life of activity. It would be a fair inference, and if it retained its military material." Why
that by more completely systematizing our 1 is this? The answer is found in the same


1886.]
295
THE DIAL
influence which won us the two successes of haste, and is much too highly colored.
above referred to. Experience in government Strained and rather bombastic metaphors are
“of the people, by the people, and for the frequent. French, German and Latin phrases
people," has given Americans strength, self- are distributed copiously over the pages. For
poise, self-control, and ability to dominate classical and scriptural allusions the author has
their own passions and impulses, and to pre | apparently an invincible fondness. Shylock,
serve their own institutions, even at the Niobe, Wuotan, Fasolt and Fafner, Othello,
expense of self-sacrifice and personal and Hamlet, Iago, Cassio, Roderigo, Dugald Dal-
general disappointment. This is a result of | getty, Hotspur, Fabius Cunctator, and all the
the educating power of the American form of other characters of history and romance, con-
Popular Government, which seems to throw tribute to Mr. Lowe's exuberant rhetoric. It is
additional light upon the problem of its per- | not sound political criticism, or good style, to
petuity.
JAMES 0. PIERCE. describe the contest between learned and patri-
otic deputies who were defending the constitu-
tion of Prussia, and a minister who was daily
LOWE'S LIFE OF BISMARCK.*
violating it, in these words: “To the erudition
of an Aristotle these men [Professors Gneist,
In its mechanical appearance this work is Virchow, and von Sybel] added the invective
nearly a miracle of bad book-making. The powers of a Thersites; but they were often
author's text is in a very coarse type, which smitten down with their own weapons, as the
on every page is relieved or aggravated by | bully of the Grecian camp was reduced to
long quoted extracts from a second font, silence by the truncheon of Ulysses."
indented sub-titles from a third, and foot It is impossible, also, to accept Mr. Lowe's
notes from a fourth. The author's preface book in the character in which he presents it;
gives a fifth variety of type, and a clear that is, as an “English view" of Bismarck.
though not absolutely indispensable American There is perhaps among Englishmen a certain
introduction by Professor Monroe Smith adds prevailing theory or opinion of the great
still a sixth. The paper is good, but the chancellor, but it is not the theory or opinion
binding cheap and tasteless.
which Mr. Lowe apparently holds. Mr.
Mr. Lowe is understood to be an English Lowe's view may be the correct one, or more
journalist, who has lived several years at nearly correct than the other. But it is cer-
Berlin, and has had good opportunities for tainly rather German than English. Except
personal observation of his hero, at least in | when the chancellor's policy clashes with that
his public and political relations. This cir of England, Mr. Lowe is the unqualified pane-
cumstance might be expected to give him one gyrist of his hero. Carlyle was not a more
great advantage as a biographer, and yet to ardent admirer of Frederic the Great than is
expose him to one peculiar temptation. The Mr. Lowe of the modern Prussian hero; and,
advantage was that of an eye-witness, who indeed, he has borrowed other things than the
draws from a living model, with the power to habit of unlimited hero-worship from Carlyle.
represent every detail of form, attitude, and | It is evident, however, that Mr. Lowe did
expression, and to reproduce even emotions not set out with a theory of Bismarck to
and passions. The danger was that of paying establish, but with the intention of presenting
relatively too much attention to that part of the man as he is in all his colossal proportions,
the prince's career which had fallen under his and in every feature of his private and public
own observation. Mr. Lowe has escaped the life. And this he has done exceedingly well.
danger, and for that his readers owe him He has read the whole Bismarck literature,
thanks. He has divided his material equita and anybody who has looked far into that
bly, so that all periods in Bismarck's life knows what dreary stuff much of it is. But
receive adequate treatment. But he has not Mr. Lowe has used it on the whole with discre-
to the same extent utilized his opportunities. tion. His trained journalistic eye tells him
He writes from beginning to end like a his what to select and what to reject, and the
torian treating of a character whom he knows matter which is adopted he has woven
only from other biographies, from letters and together into a consecutive and orderly narra-
journals, from newspapers, parliamentary de. tive. His two big volumes contain, indeed,
bates and blue-books. One misses the warmth much that the general reader will probably
and animation which the author might be not care to master, even under such excellent
expected to throw at least into the period guidance. In these days of many books and
covered by his own observation.
many newspapers, the busy American will be
The style, too, is often objectionable. It is little aroused by the Culturkampf or the
strong, clear, and energetic, but bears marks Schleswig-Holstein complication; he will turn
to the last chapter, “ Characteristics.” But
* PRINCE BISMARCK; AN HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHY. By the work is a vast repository of facts, to which
Charles Lowe, M.A. With two portraits. In two vol.
umes. London and New York: Cassell & Company.
I the inquirer will always turn for information


296
[March,
THE DIAL
about a great epoch and a great man. Mr. of Sainte-Beuve, who chases a shadow till it
Lowe's aim is a modest one, and he would not | melts “as breath into the wind.” Scherer is
claim that he has produced a complete and clear and straightforward. If the distinctions
final biography of the chancellor. When the he makes are not very fine, they have the vir-
man arises for that work, he will have a tue of unmistakable actual existence. He takes
subject such as rarely appears in any a coolly objective view, rarely if ever being
country and more rarely perhaps in Germany swept out of equipoise by a wave of personal
than elsewhere. The structure of society, the or national enthusiasm. Thus, in his treatment
discipline of the people, the habits of life and of Klopstock, the “very German Milton," he
thought, are not favorable to the development stands in favorable contrast to many of his
of strongly marked personalities. But when countrymen. He points out with great accu-
at long intervals such characters do appear racy Klopstock's inferiority to Milton, showing
in Germany-characters like Luther, Frederic, that, while Klopstock profited largely by Mil-
Bismarck—they are Titans.
ton's example, he did not profit by it half
HERBERT TUTTLE. enough. At the same time full justice is done
to Klopstock's lyric enthusiasm and poetic
independence, as well as to the beneficent influ-
ence of his imaginative and emotional poetry
SCHERER’S GERMAN LITERATURE.*
in that hard-headed age of reason. In his
Wilhelm Scherer, professor at the University
treatment of a character so sympathetic as
of Berlin, is a representative of a distinct type
Goethe, to whom Scherer has devoted so much
of the German scholar, a type which finds other
special study and of whom it is for many rea-
accomplished exemplars in such men as Her-
sons so difficult for a German to speak without
man Grimm, Du Bois Reymond, and the late
bias, he is admirably calm and just. He does
Karl Hillebrand. These scholars combine the
not commit the artistic and critical error into
old-fashioned German thoroughness of special
which even Herman Grimm falls when he calls
acquirement and original investigation, with a
Faust “the greatest work of the greatest poet
range of interests and a . grace of style for
of all nations and times.” Whatever the truth
which-leaving out of account masters like may be, such extreme assertions do not pro-
Humboldt and Goethe-we had been accus mote its acceptance, but only deliver over their
tomed to look to France alone. The character
authors to the tender mercies of such censors
of their work goes far to render the observation
as Matthew Arnold. Scherer does not hesitate
of Matthew Arnold (made now many years
to exhibit the great man's limitations, such as
ago) that there is something splay in the Ger-
his incapacity or unwillingness to recognize
man mind, as obsolete as Oliver Goldsmith's the genius of Kleist. “ Zacharias Werner
reference to the German habit of writing a obeyed Goethe ; Kleist did not, and hence he
subject to the dregs,”—or as that archaic co-
was doomed." And he suggests that Goethe's
nundrum of the French abbé, “Si un Allemand
favor would have saved Kleist from suicide
peut avoir de l'esprit ? ” (whether a German
and perhaps have given Germany a successor
can be bright?) These German professors are
to Schiller. In“ Poetry and Truth out of my
not only very bright, but they have contrived
Life," Goethe complains of the occasional se-
to irradiate with this brightness their really
verity of Herder toward him at Strasburg.
deep learning and wide research,-a feat which
But Herder's and even Klopstock's attitude
even Frenchmen have always found enormously
toward the youthful Goethe was kindly and
difficult. They have attained to a certain com-
paternal compared with his own toward the
manding mental attitude which seems to mark
youthful Schiller, and afterwards toward Kleist
the final emancipation of the German scholar and other men of genius. In fact, there is
from intellectual provincialism.
good reason to believe that, could the Goethe
Widely extended interests and reading, clear
of the period of Götz and of Werther have
critical perceptions, freedom from preposses-
fallen into the hands of the Goethe of middle
sions and from overmastering enthusiasm on
life, he would have been crushed.
special topics, power of sharp characterization,
Were it the chief function of a literary his-
judgment to choose the best thing to say and
tory to be a biographical dictionary of authors,
ability to say it well in little space,--all these
this work would hardly serve. Biographical
qualifications of the historian of literature meet
details are often briefly mentioned, but always
in Professor Scherer. His style is as far re-
with a distinct ulterior purpose. It may be
moved from the obscurity of many German
said that this work has, apparently, two chief
writers who love to drape their subject with a
aims : First, to give a succinct description, an-
Coleridgian mist of words, as from the subtlety
alysis and criticism of the intellectual products
of each era ; secondly, to trace intellectual
*A HISTORY OF GERMAN LITERATURE. By W. Scherer. products to their causes, near and remote.
Translated from the third German edition, by Mrs. F. C.
| What each author owed to parents after the
Conybeare. Edited by F. Max Müller, Two volumes.
| flesh and to parents after the spirit, what to
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


1886.]
297
THE DIAL
--
-
-
education and reading, what to the accidents actions and State-actions” (sic), p. 98. At p.
of life, what to this or that teacher or friend, 235, the word “metaphysics " 'is used with a
what to nature, and what to the unsearchable plural verb, while a little further on the forms
gift of genius,—all this is briefly and vigor « metaphysic” and “æsthetic” are used as
ously recapitulated. Scherer is a master of the nouns. Instigation for suggestion (p. 82),
art of condensation. He permits himself no retrogressed (p. 172), wider circles for general
digressions under color of discussion, specula- public (p. 173 and elsewhere), “the fifth book
tion, or proof, and most certainly not for that was never accomplished” (p. 140), are among
favorite amusement of some would-be histo | the other slips that have been noted. At the
rians of English literature—the spinning-out of beginning of chapter twelve, Wieland is made
edifying moral lessons. The march of the to speak of Luther's stay at the Wartburg as
style is swift and inexorable : to the reader in having occurred “a century and a half ago"
any manner acquainted with the subject, a (i. e., before 1777). At p. 198, Schiller's death
thousand things occur which the author must is said to have occurred “at the early age of
have been tempted to include, but which he forty-two,” while at p. 228 it is placed “at the
has had the good judgment to omit. Nothing early age of thirty-five.” Neither statement is
is stated as fact which is not well-established, correct : Schiller's death occurred at the age of
and very little is introduced by way of com forty-five years and six months (Nov. 10, 1759,
ment or criticism which does not seem to spring to May 9, 1805. The latter date given here is
naturally from the facts as stated. Although May 10). The proper adjective Rousseauian
no claptrap devices of anecdote or rhetoric (p. 227) has a barbarous look; and why prefer
are employed, the work is everywhere inter the German Leibniz to the phonetic trans-
esting ; and though no parade is made of an literation Leibnitz, which has the sanction of
effort to exhibit the "philosophy” of the sub | usage ? The usual form is found only in
ject, philosophy is felt to be immanent in the the index. There are a good many merely
whole narrative. This history as a whole is typographical errors which cannot be specified
interesting and valuable to two classes of read here. These volumes are well printed, and
ers : to those needing an introduction to the rather more substantially bound than the
subject, and to those already acquainted with average American book, but the pages are so
some portions of it. To the former it will scant on the inner margin that reading them
serve as the most authoritative of guides to a is like ploughing a succession of little plots in
fascinating study ; to the latter it will serve each of which you are obliged to run your
to recall what is already known, as well as to team into a ditch at the end of every furrow.
relate this knowledge to many things one The sanguine critic hopes that the child is
would like to know. To both classes of read- already born who will live to read an Amer-
ers, the appendix of nearly ninety pages, con- ican book which shall open and lie flat before
taining a chronological table, a full bibliog him like a German book, and that without
raphy, and a suitable index, will prove not spinal dislocation.
the least acceptable portion of the work. In The value of this history can be briefly
especial, the thorough-going bibliographical indicated by the statement that it is the most
appendix will enable any reader to find his important work connected with German litera-
bearings in any branch of German literature ture which has appeared in English since the
he may wish to study.
translation of Herman Grimm's admirable
Now some words respecting translation and “Life of Goethe,” published some five years
mechanical execution. In general the trans since. Indeed, the second volume of the
lation is correct and clear, but sometimes the present work might be called the Book of
“splay” German idiom shows through. It is Goethe, for his towering figure is kept in view
to be presumed that Max Müller's editorship of throughout, and the narrative closes with his
the translation does not extend to details, and death in 1832. The increasing demand in
that he would hardly care to be held responsible America for such books is a cheering indica-
for the occasional blunders in the use of English. tion of the gradual lifting of the fog and
At p. 164, Vol. I., for example, the expression broadening of the horizon, which seems to be
“tender observation” is used. The original slowly going on. Fifty years ago, when Car-
text is not at hand for collation, but the adjec lyle and Emerson were discussing Goethe at
tive “tender" is probably a literal rendering arm's length (across the Atlantic), nothing
of zart. In Vol. II., p. 164, “lasting con. seemed more like the problem of getting the
ditions” is the equivalent offered for Goethe's camel through the needle's eye, than the effort
“bleibende Verhältnisse” (permanent rela to insinuate a comprehension of Goethe into
tions—the things which are abiding). Surely the Puritan mind. But long before Carlyle
some rendering might have been found for and Emerson went over to the majority, the
the expression, so well known to readers of whole mental attitude of the English-speaking
“Faust,” Haupt- und Staatsactionen, that race had changed. Unnoticeably, noiselessly,
savors less of the schoolroom than “chief- | under other names, Goethe's influence has


298
[March,
THE DIAL
descended like the dew upon our institutions, racy and literary merit that of any of his
and has been inhaled into our mental lungs; so predecessors, and leaves little room for a suc-
that now, when the words and works of this cessor, so complete and exhaustive is the
master-spirit of the century are brought to us, account which he gives. It has been two
the miracle is accomplished and we find our- hundred years, save two, since Bunyan's
selves quite at home in this bracing atmos. death; and at last we have a reliable and alto-
phere. Not that Goethe is or ought to be together admirable account of his life and work
us what he has been for a century to the best in the setting of his times. Mr. Brown has
of the Germans; but it can no longer be enjoyed exceptional advantages for gaining a
denied that his influence is the most potent of thorough mastery of his subject. Every
those forces that have worked together to available source of information, new or old,
effect the mental disenthralment which to-day has been open to him. He has shown excellent
gives men the exhilaration of coöperating with literary judgment in the arrangement of
the kindly intentions of nature. The period his materials, and has so used them as to make
of social revolution when Goethe's mistakes a harmonious and vivid picture, both of the
could have harmed us, has now gone by, so man and of his times. For twenty years he
far as regards its hold upon the majority of has been Bunyan's successor as minister of the
thoughtful people. We have been washed in | “Baptist meeting" at Bedford, and thus in a
so many waters of social theory that we are position to make himself thoroughly acquainted
able to take the purely historical view of what- | with the neighborhood, and with every local
ever is thought objectionable in Goethe's life record or local tradition concerning his great
and teaching. That which is really beneficent predecessor.
and abiding in the spirit of Goethe, Lessing, | The general belief that Bunyan wrote his
Herder, or Kant, has come to us by transpira- principal allegory in jail and during his twelve
tion, as it were, and has incalculably promoted years' imprisonment, Mr. Brown shows to be
that process of mental and moral growth incorrect. He pretty clearly establishes the
which enables us now to look back with lenient fact that he began it and wrote some portion
clearness of vision upon the errors of these of it during a later and comparatively short
masters-errors which bound them, but which imprisonment of six months, and that he
they have strengthened us to leave far behind. probably finished it after his release; the
And so again the Emersonian scripture is ful break in the allegory marked by the words,
filled, that “the thoughts of the best minds “So I awoke from my dream," indicating
always become the last opinion of society." the time when he was set free from his con-
The time has now come for all earnest people finement. Another well settled belief Mr.
to know those whom they ignorantly worship, Brown explodes, and this is that the place
to recognize distinctly their debt to these of Bunyan's long imprisonment was the jail
great benefactors, and to repair of free choice on the Bridge at Bedford; that was a town
to these sources of inward renewal. The jail, used exclusively for town offenders, and
signs are increasing that Americans are no capable of holding only six or eight prisoners,
longer content to depend upon middle-men while Bunyan had more than sixty Dissenters
for their knowledge of the most genetic and as fellow-prisoners. It was moreover nearly
most thoughtful division of modern literature. all swept away by a great flood, in 1671, while
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. Bunyan was yet a prisoner; so that the closing
part of his captivity could not possibly have
been there. Besides, as Bunyan was arrested
JOHN BROWN'S LIFE OF BUNYAN.*
under the warrant of a county magistrate and
for a county offense, he was in all probability
Of Lives of John Bunyan_“one of the two confined in the county jail.
great creative minds,” according to Macaulay, Macaulay, in his essay on Bunyan, says of
“ of the latter half of the seventeenth cen- “Pilgrim's Progress” that “not a single copy
tury”-there have been many. Besides the of the first edition is known to be in existence.”
essays of Macaulay and Carlyle, biographies But Mr. Brown informs us that there are four
of the great dreamer have been written by copies of this edition extant, one of them
Ivimey, who as an author was praised by securely hidden away from the gaze of the
Robert Hall; by Offor and by Southey; and, profane and from use in that literary donjon-
more recently, by Froude, whose work is a keep, the Lenox library, New York. The same
great improvement upon that of any of his library contains a complete series of editions
predecessors. But now comes plain John from the first to the thirty-fourth, with the
Brown, who gives to the world a biography of exception of three editions ; while in the
Bunyan which far surpasses in fulness, accu British Museum there are, within the same
- numbers, eight editions wanting. Mr. Brown
* John BUNYAN. His Life, Times, and Work. By John
very effectually disposes also of Macaulay's
Brown, B.A. With Illustrations. Boston: Houghton,
labored attempt to prove that Bunyan was in
Mifflin & Co.


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299
-- ------ -- ----- --- -- ----
-
early life “a young man of singular gravity The work to which we now call attention is of
and innocence," and shows him to have been much more importance than either of these
the very opposite of that. Mr. Froude fares others, and for the first time enables English
no better than Macaulay at the hands of this readers to form an estimate of one of the
man who comes and searches him, and who most extraordinary of living writers.
shows by evidence the most conclusive that The author of this work is so little known
Froude's attempt to palliate and almost to to English readers that a brief sketch of his
justify Bunyan's long and cruel imprisonment, life may be given as a preliminary. Leo
as not being for conscience sake, derives support Nikolaievitch, Count Tolstoï, was born in the
from not one single fact, but that, on the con year 1828. He was educated, first at home,
trary, all the facts prove that he was persecuted and then at the university of Kasan, where
simply for his convictions.
he applied himself to the study of oriental
Almost every page of this new biography | languages. Temperament marked him out for
bears evidence that its author is a careful and a recluse, and he soon returned to his country
thorough investigator whose conclusions may home. With the exception of ten years of
be safely accepted as correct. There is an active life, he has resided upon his estates ever
admirable portrait of Bunyan; while excellent since. These ten years, 1851-61, however,
illustrations by Whymper, a good index, and were marked by that active intercourse with
an appendix containing much curious informa men which is needful, even to the recluse,
tion as to the translations into other languages if his reflections are to have substantial worth,
and the imitations of “Pilgrim's Progress,” and to influence the life and thought of prac-
add to the value of the work.
tical men. His plunge into the world of
GEORGE C. NoYES. affairs was abruptly made and abruptly ended.
In 1851 he entered the military service, was
---
engaged in the Turkish war of 1853–56, left
the service at its close, lived for five years
RECENT FICTION.*
alternately in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and
The most remarkable work of fiction recent-
then, enriched by his varied experiences, re-
ly presented to the English public is undoubt tired to his birthplace, where he still lives.
edly the translation of Tolstoï's “War and During his years of military service he occu-
Peace.” This most important of living Rus-
pied himself with literature, “ The Cossacks,"
sian authors has already been naturalized in among other works, dating from this period.
French literature for a number of years. One
His literary fame rests chiefly upon two great
of his minor works, " The Cossacks," appeared
romances: “ War and Peace," published in
in an English translation ten or twelve years
1860, and “Anna Karenine," published in
ago. His work entitled “My Religion,"
1875–77. It is to the former of these that our
which has been called a Russian “Ecce Homo," attention is now called. It is to be added
has been translated quite recently, and was
that the author should not be confused with
noticed in the January number of THE DIAL.
the dramatic poet, Alexis Tolstoï, nor with the
present reactionary minister of public instruc-
*WAR AND PEACE. A Historical Novel. By Count Leo tion, Dimitri Tolstoï.
Tolstoi. Part I. Before Tilsit. 1805-1807. Two Volumes. “War and Peace” has been called a Russian
New York: William S. Gottsberger.
“Human Comedy.”
DOSIA'S DAUGHTER. By Henry Gréville. Boston: Tick.
It is not often that a
nor & Co.
single book presents so comprehensive a
CLEOPATRA. By Henry Gréville. Boston: Ticknor & Co. picture of an epoch in national history as this
book presents of Russian society during the
Romance, “ Kumono Tayema Ama Yo No Tsuki.” By
Edward Greey. Boston: Lee & Shepard.
Napoleonic period. It begins in the year
STRANGE CASE OF DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE. By 1805, and the first part (which is all that is
Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Charles Scribner's thus far translated) reaches to the Peace of
Sons.
Tilsit in 1807. The second part carries on the
THE BROKEN SHAFT. Tales in Mid-Ocean. Told by
F. Marion Crawford, R. Louis Stevenson, F. Anstey, W.
national history, and the fortunes of the ficti-
H. Pollock, Wm. Archer, and others. Edited by Henry tious characters of the romance as well,
Norman. New York: D, Alpleton & Co.
through the period of French invasion and
OTHMAR. A NOVEL. By Quida. Philadelphia: J. B. Lip-
retreat. The writer's military experience
pincott Co.
FIAMMETTA; A SUMMER IDYL. By William Wetmore
enables him to treat with great vividness and
Story. Boston: Houghton, Millin & Co.
precision the campaign of Austerlitz and the
VALENTINO. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE OF THE SIX. scenes preceding and following the French
occupation of Moscow. At the same time his
THE KNAVE OF HEARTS. A Fairy Story. By Robert
penetrative insight coupled with his keen ob-
servant faculties enable him to depict with
FOR MAIMIE'S SAKE. A Tale of Love and Dynamite.
rare sincerity the manifold aspects of Russian
By Grant Allen. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
private life in the early years of the century.
INDIAN SUMMER. By William D. Howells. Boston:
| The writer of historical romance, and especially
A CAPTIVE OF LOVE. Founded upon Bakin's Japanese
TEENTH CENTURY IN ITALY. By William Waldorf Astor.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Grant. Boston: Ticknor & Co.
Ticknor & Co.


300
[March,
THE DIAL
the one who narrates the course of battles, made the occasion of an arrangement with a
has the choice of two methods, both well ap Boston publishing firm, whereby her novels
proved. He can write from the standpoint of will be translated and published here simul-
the philosophic observer, who has studied the taneously with their appearance in Paris. Two
facts and reduced them to a system, or he of these translations have already been issued
can write from the standpoint of the partici- , and are now before us. “Dosia's Daughter,"
pant, who descries but dimly the issues con- the first of them, is in some sort a sequel to
cerned in the struggle, and sees only what is the popular story of Dosia herself. It is a
going on in his immediate vicinity. These very simply-told tale of Russian life, the child
diverse methods are well illustrated by two reproducing for us much of the wayward
famous descriptions of the battle of Waterloo charm of the mother's girlish years. Its slight
-that of Victor Hugo in “Les Misérables,” substance and fragile texture are hardly indic-
and that of Stendhal in “La Chartreuse de ative of the real powers of the writer, which
Parme.” Count Tolstoï's method is the latter appear to much better advantage in the strong
of these. He takes us to the field of Austerlitz, story of “ Cleopatra.” This is also Russian in
and we see the battle with the eyes of those its subject, and handles a common but difficult
who are contesting it. Of the struggle as a situation with an admirable union of delicacy
whole, we receive only the confused ideas of a and firmness. The situation is that presented
few individuals who are engaged in it, but the by a beautiful and ambitious woman who
loss of perspective is compensated for by the arranges her life without reckoning upon the
vividness of those scenes at which we thus play claims of the heart. She seeks a refuge from
the part of actual spectators. After all, it is poverty and dependence, in marriage with a
peace rather than war to which our attention wealthy old nobleman who offers her his name
is chiefly called. In this rich and complex and the position to which his rank will entitle
symphony of interwoven human relations, the her. When she accepts his loyal offer she is
great national stir of resistance appears as the moved by an impulse of genuine affection, and
bass, always present, but only at intervals resolves to be to him all that he can wish. The
giving to the movement its dominant charac gossips say that the marriage is ill-assorted,
ter. So various are the types of character and attribute to her base motives in its con-
which appear, and so shifting are the scenes, traction ; but the two live so happily together
that we do not feel at home among them until that calumny is forced into silence. But at
we are well along in the story. Having last the heart speaks and she learns the differ-
reached the point at which they seem familiar, i ence between friendship, however devoted, and
it would not be a bad idea to begin over again. the love of woman for man. Thus far, the
The work is certainly open to criticism upon story is commonplace. But what is not com-
this point. It attempts to do more than any monplace about it is the exalted plane upon
single work ought to attempt, and a certain which the action is thence carried out. Most
confusion is inevitable. Our state of mind is writers would find an easy solution of the
that of a visitor in a strange country, who is difficulty in a base intrigue, and would gloss
introduced to all sorts of people and hurried over the woman's fault in specious fashion ;
from place to place with hardly time to look but it is not so with this one. Love over-
around and get his bearings. After a while masters the emotional nature of Cleopatra, but
the surroundings become intelligible, and he her will resists its assaults. She will die rather
begins to understand the relations of these than deceive the man who has confided his
people to each other. But the novelist ought honorable name to her keeping. Since their
to do more than reproduce this common expe. marriage, the utmost frankness has existed
rience. He ought to smooth the way, and between them; and it is not now found at
make the world of his creation more intelli fault. She tells him what has befallen her,
gible than the everyday world in which we and asks for a divorce. He at first repels the
actually live. All this, however, does not | suggestion, and offers rather to take his own
prevent the work of Count Tolstoï from being | life. But from such a sacrifice she shrinks
very remarkable, and, what with the reader of with horror ; and he, realizing that she is
jaded appetites is more to the point, very indeed dying of the love which she cannot
stimulating in its fresh novelty.
repress and which she will not stain, at last
From Tolstoï's work the transition is natural gives his consent. The divorce is effected,
enough to the novels of Mme. Alice Durand, the lovers are married, and Cleopatra reaches
better known as Henry Gréville, which are her new home only to die of the prolonged
almost as familiar to American readers as emotional strain and its culminating joy.
to those of her own country. We are told We have hesitated to outline the action of
that half a million copies of one of them have this tragedy, for it is almost impossible to do
been sold in America, which sufficiently attests, so without vulgarizing it at the same time.
their popularity. Their writer is now visiting The moral triumph of the woman is no greater
the United States, and this visit has been ! than the artistic triumph of her delineation,


1886.]
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THE DIAL
The writer's firm grasp does not once relax | Hyde are, in Mrs. Malaprop's phrase, two gen-
until the inevitable end is reached. The lesson | tlemen in one. Dr. Jekyll, the portly and re-
that our actions are our own, however our spected London practitioner, swallows one of
feelings may escape control, has not often been his own prescriptions and shrinks to the slender
so strongly and so beautifully enforced. We proportions of Mr. Hyde, who is as thorough-
regret to say that the charm of Mme. Durand's | going a villain as one often meets. In this
style is almost wholly lost in these translations, guise he slinks out of the back door, runs over
which are far from praiseworthy.
children and tramples them under foot, mur-
Attention was called some time ago in THE ders inoffensive old gentlemen, and commits
DIAL to the charming Japanese romance of other atrocities. When he has thus amused
“The Usurper," by Mile. Judith Gautier. It | himself for awhile, he goes home, takes another
will be found interesting to compare that work dose of the same medicine, and is “ translated ”
with Mr. Edward Greey's “ À Captive of into his original shape. He finds this dual ex-
Love," which is almost a direct translation of istence very attractive for a time, until Jekyll
the popular work of Bakin, entitled (we omit finds himself metamorphosed into Hyde most
the Japanese in favor of its English equiva unexpectedly and without the agency of the
lent) “The moon shining through a cloud drug. This continues to happen, and with
rift on a rainy night.” Mr. Greey's book will, more and more frequency, while his supply of
of course, bear much the closer inspection of the drug is running out, and he finds that he
the two, and brings us in more immediate con can obtain no more of it. Realizing that he
tact with the Japanese mind, but it lacks the is destined to become Hyde altogether and re-
charm of the French writer's production, and main so, he shuts himself up in despair, and
appeals more to curiosity than to sympathy. his friends, at last alarmed, break in upon his
We read it very much as we do the Arabian seclusion only to find a corpse. The construc-
Nights," finding in it much of imaginative | tion of this story shows an ingenuity quite
but little of human interest. As literature, it worthy of the romancer of the “New Arabian
gives the impression of a certain childishness, Nights," if its subject does cater to a de-
which the Japanese do not seem likely to out | praved sort of imagination.
grow, although nineteenth century progress Mr. Stevenson seems to have got quite in the
may do wonders for them in that direction, as vein of writing ghost-stories just now, for we
it already has in so many others. As an in find still another, although a brief one, in the
stance of the peculiar naïveté of the work, collection of tales called “The Broken Shaft.”
may be mentioned the exegetical and hortatory This collection consists of stories supposed to
notes appended by the Japanese author to have been told on shipboard during a delayed
many of the chapters. For example, after tell ocean passage by the Novelist, the Romancer,
ing how a wicked priest contrives to steal an the Editor, the Critic, and others; these four
ox, the moral is impressively pointed in these personages being, respectively, Mr. F. M.
words: “It is difficult to control a disposition | Crawford, Mr. R. L. Stevenson, Mr. W. H.
to do wrong: but if you diligently strive to Pollock, and Mr. William Archer. Among the
be good, you will succeed ; or, if you persist listeners are included the Eminent Tragedian
ently follow crooked courses, you will end in and Beatrice, whose real names we need hardly
being a very wicked person. You must curb give, and who certainly ought to have been
your evil inclinations as a rider does a colt. induced to contribute something of their own
Do not fail to remember these things. It is | invention, for the general entertainment. That
my earnest wish. Bakin.” As a picture of this congenial company ever did thus assem-
the life and social customs of Japan five hun ble and while away the time is one of those
dred years ago, and of the curious combination | things which are too good to be true ; but the
of popular superstition with Buddhist belief idea of the mid-ocean symposium was a happy
and practise to be found in all classes, the one, and if Mr. Henry Norman, their editor,
book is of great interest. The numerous illus be responsible for it, he deserves as much
trations, taken directly from the originals, add credit as for his own story.
not a little to this interest, and the story itself It is a strange admixture of strength and
is positively exciting at times.
weakness which characterizes the work of
If we are to have ghost stories at all (using Mlle. de la Ramé, that prolific novelist, who
the word in a comprehensive sense), there is is better known by her nom de plume of
no one who can tell them better than Mr. Rob Ouida. The same story, even the same chap-
ert Louis Stevenson, whose “ Strange Case of ter, will at once contain passages of rare
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” probably occupies | beauty and passages embodying conceptions of
the imaginations of a good many people at the so false a character, robed in so meretricious a
present moment. It is, although a tale of the garb of style as to be beyond the pale of liter-
impossible, at least one of the better sort, and ature. In her latest productions, the weak-
its affinities with “Frankenstein” are closer ness has gained so far upon the strength that
than with “ Called Back.” Dr. Jekyll and Mr. I their perusal is hardly profitable even in the


302
[March,
THE DIAL
idlest of hours or of moods. “Othmar ” is a the reverse showing would be. His conception
sequel to “ Princess Napraxine," a fact which of the character of the Borgias is truthfully
alone is significant, for when a novelist writes formed and consistently worked out, in spite
books with sequels he generally enters upon a of the obvious temptation to exaggerate.
marked decline. In the strictest sense, a good Lucrezia Borgia finds in him a qualified de-
novel cannot have a sequel; it is complete in fender: that is, she no longer appears as the
itself. We do not recommend “ Othmar," monster which popular imagination, aided by
although we should be the last to grudge a word certain poets and romancers, has made of her;
of praise for “Idalia” or “ Under Two Flags.” i but, as the evidence warrants, merely a beau-
To the laurels of the poet and sculptor, Mr.W. I tiful and shallow-natured woman, less sinful
W. Story now seeks to add those of the novel than suffering, wrought upon as she was by
ist. His recently-published story of “Fiam- her strong and evil-minded relations. Rodri-
metta” is a gracefully written narrative of the guez Borgia-Pope Alexander VI.—appears as
idyllic experiences which one favored summer a debauched and cynical ruler whose position
brought to a young Italian artist upon the enables him to take life good-naturedly, and
occasion of a visit to his old home. Unlike whose malevolence is less far-reaching than
most summer idyls, the outcome of this was that of his son, on account of a weaker nature
tragic, for the simple country girl who served and a sated ambition. Cesare Borgia himself,
him as a model for the naiad in his great pict- although his absolute disregard for all the
ure, gave him her heart as well, and he, acting laws of morality is in no way disguised, com-
nowise in dishonor, but recognizing the inexora mands something of our respect for his intel-
ble conditions imposed by modern society upon lectual qualities, as he commanded the respect
those who would play a part therein, could not of the author of “Il Principe," and not the
return her love in kind, and would not requite | least interesting scene of the book is that of a
with baser metal the pure gold of her affec | diplomatic interview between that distin-
tion. Choosing the harder task of tearing guished Florentine and the man whose conduct
himself away, he is inexpressibly shocked he extolled in his treatise upon princecraft.
when, a few months later, he is hastily | The main criticism to be made of Mr. Astor's
summoned to the bedside, where she lies dying romance is that the numerous episodes are not
of grief. The story is told so exquisitely that well fitted together. Its perusal is confusing
we may excuse the unusually hackneyed nature in effect, on account of the complication of
of its theme. The fine artistic sense of the interests everywhere involved in the action ;
author appears both in the handling of the and this confusion is increased by the rapid
delicate relations between Fiammetta and the scene-shifting which the author has allowed
painter, and in the glimpses which he gives us himself to make use of. It is only upon a
of the Tuscan landscape in midsummer. Nor is study more attentive than any novel should
he altogether silent upon the larger subject of demand that the action becomes fully intelli-
art itself; and it is doubtless the author himself gible at all points.
who speaks when one of his characters is Mr. Robert Grant's recent literary ventures
made to say that “art is no slave to nature, are not at all promising. “An Average Man"
and no art is worth anything except in so far was a dreary enough piece of work, but “The
as it is ideal.”
Knave of Hearts" is even drearier. A being
The Italian romance of Mr. W. W. Astor is a so phenomenally imbecile as Arthur Lattimer
more ambitious piece of work than Mr. Story's can hardly interest us in his imbecility, and
idyl, having for its subject the character and the story of his six successive loves is a most
achievements of no less a personage than wearisome thing to peruse. Of course Mr.
Cesare Borgia, of infamous renown. “Valen- | Grant does not mean that we shall take him
tino," the name by which the author prefers seriously, and calls the narrative of his for-
to call his hero, is also the title of the novel tunes “a fairy story.” But the term “fairy
itself. It deals not only with the personal for- story” is suggestive of such things as fancy
tunes and ambitions of the Duke of Romagna, and imagination, which are not to be found
but with the general subject of the court of his here, and we are compelled to take the story
apostolic and profligate father, and attempts seriously if we take it at all. When Mr.
to supply a faithful picture of Italian life in Grant was a very young man he did clever
high places at the opening of the sixteenth work of the amateur sort; but his vocation
century. In this attempt Mr. Astor has been is distinctly not that of a professional man
moderately successful. He has availed him of letters.
self of the results of recent historical investi Mr. Grant Allen is another writer who can
gations, and has himself carefully studied the hardly expect to be taken seriously, at least as
scene of action. In fact, his work shows more | a novelist, if we may base our judgment upon
of the ability of the student than of the ro- the sentimental and melodramatic extrava-
mancer-which, in the case of historical fiction, I ganza entitled “For Maimie's Sake.” The
is certainly more to the credit of a writer than 1 story is readable because it contains much of


1886.]
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THE DIAL
a clever sort of conversation, but if the author “happens” in the course of this story, but we
has attempted in it to present anything more must do Mr. Howells the justice to add that
than the burlesque of character, he has made the lack of marked event is not realized by the
the direst of failures. The extraordinarily reader until he comes to sum up the story for
silly creature for whose sake these other imbe himself after its perusal. It is quite as inter-
ciles commit their crimes, and perform their esting as a romance of Dumas, although in a
acts of self-abnegation certainly deserves her different way, and rather more artistic. Like
place at the head of the collection. What has most of Mr. Howells's stories, it begins better
possessed Mr. Allen to waste his talents upon than it ends; the conclusion is somewhat
such an absurdity? With all his Canadian and forced, it is hastily elaborated and hardly
Jamaican and English experience, is it possi justified by the conditions. There is no abso-
ble that human nature appears to him as he late law of human relations which forbids a
shows it to us? We can hardly believe him to lasting love between a man of forty and a
be in earnest, but if so, he will be well-advised woman of twenty. This situation may be
if he leave the field of fiction and revert to the somewhat exceptional, but to frankly accept it
cultivation of popular science. In that field | for so long only to reject it summarily at the
he will at least not mistake weeds for exotics. end, is not what the reader expects--unless he
The “ Indian Summer” of Mr. Howells, reckons upon the personal equation of the writer
although the last book upon our list, is one of -and is not, it seems to us, quite warranted
the best. Its chapters have not, for the most | in the present case. To be sure, the disparity
part, that irresistible charm which makes it l of years is at no time forgotten by the writer;
impossible to open “ Silas Lapham” anywhere | it is “rubbed in ” upon every possible pretext,
without stopping to read, but their more sober but the two persons whom alone this concerns
and perhaps more solid merit gives to the do not mind it in the least until Mr. Howells
book a high place among the author's novels. is ready for them to, and then it affects them
Mr. Howells's literary stock-in-trade is not simultaneously and the relation is dissolved
large; but to say this is in one sense a compli- with precipitate haste. In most respects, how-
ment, for it implies that he deals only in ever, this novel of “Indian Summer" is as
material which he has made his own by per symmetrical and brilliant a piece of work as
sonal observation. This time it is Florence to Mr. Howells has produced. His range is lim-
which we are taken, and there for a while fol- | ited, and he has not always kept as well within
low the fortunes of a small group of Ameri- it as in this instance. The Florentine setting
cans—of a newspaper editor from Indiana, of the whole is as admirable a cadre as is to be
a widow whom he had known many years found in the entire gallery of the author's
before, and a young lady from Buffalo then paintings. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
under her charge. The results of this group-
ing are not difficult to imagine. The man
fixes his affections on the young lady, and the
widow fixes her affections on him. The young
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. .
lady is duly reciprocal, and leads the man into MR. H. H. BANCROFT's volume on Alaska is the
numerous "literary” and other conversations. nineteenth and latest in his great historical series,
By and by she discovers that she likes a prim described somewhat fully in THE DIAL for Novem-
young clergyman, who has illustrated “The ber last. The series is now half completed; and
Marble Faun," and who follows “ courses of
with the large accumulation of material and the
reading,” better than she does the newspaper
great resources at command, the future publication
may be expected at intervals which will conclude
editor from Indiana; and this Hoosier astray, in
the series within five years. The present volume is
turn, discovers that he prefers the widow to
at once the most interesting yet issued, and the
the young lady with the fondness for literary best illustration of the advantages of Mr. Bancroft's
conversations. The necessary readjustment of method of authorship. To collect and arrange all
emotional relations causes a world of suffering | the material drawn upon for this volume would be
all around, but is at length effected, and the
a life-work for any one man; but a subdivision of
curtain falls. On one occasion in the course
labor has made it an easy and a speedy task. Com-
petent assistants, working at San Francisco, Wash-
of the story Mr. Howells indulges in a little
ington, Sitka, and St. Petersburg, were employed to
bit of very truthful satire upon himself. At
make abstracts from books and documents, from
an interesting juncture in the narrative, one of public and private archives, and from the accounts
his characters suggests that the situation is not of living witnesses. An agent was sent three times
unlike those depicted in modern novels—those to Alaska, to procure information from the inhabit-
of Mr. James, for example—and the reply is ants. All the matter, covering every conceivable
made: “Don't you think we ought to be
point of interest, was then collated, arranged,
rather more of the great world for that ?
sifted, verified, and finally digested into a book,
which, in some 800 well-written pages, gives the
I hardly feel up to Mr. James. I should
substance of all that is known about Alaska. While
have said Howells. Only nothing happens in
a marvel of condensation (the references to authori-
that case.” It is true that little or nothing | ties filling sixteen closely-printed pages), the book


304
[March,
THE DIAL
is far enough from being a mere work of reference no occasion in the course of his observations to alter
or a coinpilation. The facts are grouped in an or his cherished conclusions concerning the true policy
derly and effective manner, and the descriptions are to be pursued by Great Britain toward Australia,
graphic and impressive. We trace the history of New Zealand, and the Cape Colony. The union
Alaska from its discovery by the Cossacks in 1741 between the home government and these distant
to its acquisition by the United States in 1867, and appendages is to be maintained with scrupulous
see in our new northwestern possession a country care and consideration. This question is discussed
with an area “greater than that of the thirteen by him at length, and occupies the larger part of his
original States of the Union,” possessing all the volume. It is treated with characteristic vigor, and
fascinating interest of an unknown land,-its gives the book a serious interest and value. Mr.
physical features yet to be explored, its undoubted Froude was received, with the honors due his dis-
commercial and mineral resources yet to be devel tinguished position in the world of letters, by the
oped, its flora and fauna yet to be investigated. It citizens of Australia and New Zealand, and every
is a country whose extreme breadth is fourteen opportunity was afforded which his own time and
hundred miles and length two thousand miles, with convenience would allow for accomplishing the
a coast-line longer than the circumference of the objects of his expedition. His descriptions of the
earth. A considerable portion of this vast territory countries and the people coming under his notice are
has a climate resembling in general that of the lower as graphic and entertaining as his dissertations on
Scandinavian countries, with an average tempera | the various aspects of England's colonial question
ture higher than Stockholm, and milder winters. are instructive.
After allowing for the regions that are practically
A CHARMING piece of literary work is presented
worthless and uninhabitable, enough remains to
in Kathleen O'Meara's account of “Madame Mohl
make its purchase by the United States “not a bad
and her Salon " (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) It is
bargain at two cents an acre;” and Mr. Seward is
sprightly, piquant, vigorous, and discriminating.
quoted as saying that he regarded the acquisition
It puts both the author and the subject before us in
of Alaska as the most important act of his political
a very pleasing light. Miss O'Meara says nothing of
career. The country lacks, says Mr. Bancroft, not
having known Madame Mohl personally, but she
resources, but development. “Already, with a
must have had an intimate acquaintance with the
white population of 500, of whom more than four-
character and customs of the best Parisian society
fifths are non-producers, the exports of the terri-
in order to have placed her so naturally amid her
tory exceeded $3,000,000 a year, or an average of
lifelong surroundings. Madame Mohl's was the
$6,000 per capita. Where else in the world do
last of the famous salons which were so long a dis-
we find such results ?" The volume is readable
tinguishing feature of the social life of the French
throughout, and easily becomes the standard work
capital; and although an Englishwoman by birth,
upon Alaska. It is published by A. L. Bancroft
she was one of the most successful of the long line
& Co., San Francisco.
of clever and fascinating women who knew how to
draw about them constantly the most brilliant and
It may be remembered that in the Spring of 1885 | delightful personages of Paris. For half a century
the eminent historian, James Anthony Froude, her drawing-room was the social centre of a city
passed through America on his return to England which may be called the capital of Europe. It was
from a voyage around the world. He had under almost as much of an event to be introduced to her
taken the journey for the purpose of visiting the house as it was to be presented at court; for there
great British colonies in the southern Pacific ocean, one was sure to meet the choicest spirits among the
to acquire, by personal observation and conference wise, witty, and distinguished people of Paris.
with their representative citizens, a full understand- | Miss O'Meara pictures to us the salon and the friends
ing of their material condition, growth and prog- of Madame Mohl in a vivid manner. The first was
perity, and of the degree of their attachment and | plain and unpretending in its appointments, its one
loyalty to the mother country. It was not with the luxury being an abundance of comfortable easy-
aims of the ordinary traveller and sight-seer, but chairs. On a table in one corner stood a tea-service
with those of the student of state-craft and political and a plate of crackers, affording the only refresh-
economy, that he left London in December, 1884, ment ever provided. But it was not for the sake of
for a protracted tour to these distant and widely creature comforts that the guests of Madame Mohl
separated countries. He had set out on the same sought her salon on Friday evenings and Wednesday
expedition ten years before, but accident had pre afternoons. It was to enjoy the brilliant conversa-
vented his going farther than South Africa. This tion which was the established entertainment at her
time, accompanied by his eldest son, who had just receptions. It was the study of Madame Mohl's
taken his degree at Oxford, he carried his purpose life to sustain the prestige of her salon, and she had
through to the end. It is needless to say that Mr. | the art to succeed. When her drawing-room was
Froude possessed at starting most intelligent and closed, at the death of her husband in 1876, the
decided opinions regarding the duty and the interest institution of the Parisian salon bad expired. It had
of England in her relations to her colonies. These existed for the purpose of making life " productive
had been openly expressed from time to time, in his of pleasure." Its habitués were men and women of
discourses from “the pulpits of reviews and maga ample leisure, to whom there was no business more
zines,” but he wished for still clearer light and that serious than that of talking over the affairs of the
more confident conviction which was to be gained day, in a light, racy, entertaining manner. There
only by a free interchange of views and feelings with was an educating and inspiring influence in the salon,
the colonists themselves. The results of his inquiries but its chief object was to afford an arena for the
are now made known in a history of his travels, display of nimble minds and the amusement of idle
which appears in the American edition in a thick people. With the advent of a graver and more
octavo volume bearing the title “ Oceana” (Scrib- earnest age it passed away, never to be recalled in
ners). Mr. Froude found, as might be expected, | its ancient form,


1886.]
305
THE DIAL
Europe.
MR. SWINBURNE's critical method is so unlike the various industries of the United States, Great Brit-
one most in vogue that it cannot be appreciated ain and Germany, especially in the manufacture of
without a sort of mental readjustment on the part cottons, woollens, silks, iron and steel. We find
of most readers. The critical brotherhood at large also a clear statement of relative wages in this and
finds its account so entirely in the searching out and other countries, hours of labor, and the proportion
triumphant parading of flaws in the work of an of wages to materials in the cost of production.
artist-the greater the artist the more minute the One of the most interesting chapters is that which
search and the louder the shout of triumph-that | illustrates the influence of freedom on the conditions
it is hardly apt to deal gently with a critic who, of the working classes, by the industrial activity and
like Mr. Swinburne, believes that “the noble | eminence of Germany when the movement called
pleasure of praising" is the chief function of criti the Enfranchisement of the Commons was carried
cism, and invariably acts upon this belief. Mr. through, and the depression which followed the
Swinburne's new volume is a study of Victor Hugo, striking down of the popular rights after the close
which serves as an acceptable companion-piece to of the Thirty Years war. From the array of facts
his “Study of Shakespeare.” It consists of his presented, the author has deduced, as results of the
" Fortnightly Review” and “Nineteenth Century". modern development in the industrial world: 1, "An
articles, republished with some additions, these increasing productiveness of labor; 2, A reduction of
being mainly in the direction of quoted passages the proportion which labor bears to material in the
from the work of Hugo. Thus put together and price of any given product; 3, To cheapen thereby
suitably illustrated, the articles form a sort of run the cost of the product, and consequently to increase
ning commentary upon the entire succession of Vic its accessibility to the masses; 4, To increase largely
tor Hugo's works. As a handbook for those who the money earnings of the working classes; and, 5,
may desire to acquaint themselves with the great To reduce the hours of labor.” The important
poet of the century, it will be found especially valu bearing of all this on some phase of the tariff ques-
able. No other English writer speaks of Victor tion is obvious. With the markets of the world
Hugo with the authority of Mr. Swinburne, and open for our products, America has nothing to fear
the fervor of his praise does not prevent him from from competition with what is called the cheap
being acutely and subtly discriminative. The one labor, but which is in reality the dear labor, of
who thus takes up the work of a great and volumi-
nous writer, and tells where its chief beauties are to
THE period of “ The Spartan and Theban Suprema-
be sought for, performs a task of much service to
cies” forms one of the “Epochs of Ancient History,"
many readers. Mr. Swinburne has faithfully ful-
and is treated by Mr. Sankey, joint-editor of the series
filled his apostolic function in this as in many other
published by Scribner's Sons. It is an interesting
ways, and it is largely owing to his efforts in and
and important era in the life of the Grecian states,
out of season that English people are coming to
see, what the rest of the world has seen and ad-
although Athens was now in an age of decline.
mitted for years, that the central figure of the age
There were still great men on the scene-Sokrates,
now drawing to its close is that of the great French-
Xenophon, Thrasyboulos, Lysandros, Agesilaos, and,
one of the grandest of them all, Epameinondas of
man whose death a year ago made the earth seem
Thebes.
somehow less fair than it had been. Against the
The events and characters which mark
final record of this judgment many will doubtless
the time are clearly depicted by Mr. Sankey, who
still protest; those "critics" who cannot scan a
brings out the relative importance of each with im-
pressive effect. These little books are valuable aids
line of French verse will be especially vehement,
and those others who assert that poetry of the
in the study of history. With much to commend
highest order cannot be written in the French lan-
them, their convenient size is not the least of their
guage; but the entry will none the less be made,
merits.—A similar series, “Epochs of Modern His.
just as similar entries have been made concerning
tory,” by the same publishers, presents its sixteenth
Goethe and Shakespeare and Dante. Mr. Swin-
and closing volume, written by Mr. Edward E. Mor-
burne's style is not at its best in this study. It is
ris, the editor of the series, to supply a gap left un-
intentionally in the preceding numbers. It covers
more than usually involved and obscure, although
still a marvellous word-fabric which would defy all
the reigns of the first two Georges, or “ The Early
Hanoverians," and is a continuation of the author's
attempts at imitation. The number of misprints in
the American edition of the work (published by
epoch called “The Age of Anne." It is of the
same excellent quality as the other volumes, a com-
Worthington Co.) is quite inexcusable.
prehensive, detailed and accurate review of the his-
tory of the period embraced, which is that between
It is a hopeful sign that so many careful col-
lations and digests of facts are nowadays brought to
the peace of Utrecht and the peace of Aix-la-
bear on the solution of grave economical problems.
Chapelle, a term of thirty-five years, including the
As a timely and valuable contribution of this kind,
reign of George I. and a large portion of the reign
we welcome J. Schoenhof's little book entitled “The
of George II. Although the name of the epoch is
Industrial Situation and the Question of Wages,"
taken from English history, a considerable part of
the volume is filled with subjects of a wider range-
recently issued by G. P. Putnam's Sons. Its 157
as the Wars of the Turks, the Polish Succession
pages are full of statistics drawn largely from the
Wars, Anson's Voyage, etc.
consular reports which our State Department has
Due space is given to
the biography of eminent personages of the time, as
been for some time gathering. These reports have
fallen somewhat under the suspicion of being “fixed
Leibnitz, Newton, Walpole, Maurice Saxe, and to
up” at times, for a purpose ; but Mr. Schoenhof
the state of religion and letters in England and
France.
has apparently exercised a proper discrimination, and
the facts he has collected seem to rest on good TO ANNOUNCE a work as the expansion of an
authority. They are so arranged as to give a fair encyclopædia article would not be to recommend it,
presentation of the comparative productiveness in were not the “Encyclopædia Britannica” the one


306
[March,
THE DIAL
in question, and the writer of the article one so noble and lovable qualities, besides her almost unpar-
distinguished as the author of “Ecce Homo.” allelled dramatic talents. Born on the lowest level of
These facts being given, it is hardly necessary to society, reared in the streets, associated with igno-
add that “The First Napoleon" (Roberts) is a remark- / rance and vulgarity and squalor through infancy and
able piece of historical writing, and that Professor girlhood, it is a marvel that the refinement and
Seeley has brought to its preparation all the knowl goodness she undoubtedly possessed were possible
edge and the insight that could be expected of any to her. Her life in its vicissitudes and achievements
one man. His sketch of the Napoleonic history is a is an amazing illustration of the power of genius to
marvel of condensed writing. Such a sketch really triumph over every disabling and baffling circum-
means all the labor incident to the preparation of stance occurring in human experience.
an extended work, and the additional labor of selec-
tion and condensation; for in it every phrase,
PROFESSOR FISHER'S “ Outlines of Universal His-
almost every word, has involved the consideration
tory” (Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co.) is the fruit
of a mass of material, and the rejection of all not
of great erudition, talent, and labor. Its title
absolutely essential. The author says: “A bewil-
indicates the vast scope of its plan; but how ably
derment caused by the multitude of facts and details
and systematically this has been wrought out in
is the danger which chiefly besets the reader of
every part, a careful examination can alone show.
history; and where, as in Napoleon's career, facts
The essential facts of history are presented by the
are usually crowded together, the danger is greatest,
author in due order, in conformity with the latest
the bewilderment most overwhelming, I have held
researches, and, moving on in a continuous
it possible to meet this difficulty by almost sup-
unbroken tide of progression, disclose with impres-
pressing details, and thus diminishing to the utmost
sive effect the great laws of evolution and of unity
the demand made upon the attention and memory,
by which the advance of the human race has been
but at the same time to atone for what is lost in
governed. It is an imposing spectacle which is
coloring and light and shadow by clearness of out-
brought under the eye in a work of this sort—that
line." In order to entirely free this account from
of the drama of successive nations marching onward
irrelevant matter, and even from discussion, the
from the dawn of the historical era to the noon of
whole question of Napoleon's influence and of his
the present day, each building up a distinct form of
aims and their degree of success, is relegated to an
civilization, each borrowing from the experience and
essay entitled “Napoleon's Place in History," which
the wisdom of the past and extending its influences
is appended to the sketch of his career. The reader
forward into the future. Dr. Fisher has striven to
who is not quite sure of the judgment which should
afford the student every aid to an understanding of
be passed upon that career can have no better aid
the characteristics of special epochs and the unity
than this volume, which avoids all pleading and
of the whole. He divides history into three parts-
yet whose relentless statement of the facts makes
ancient, mediæval, and modern, -and separates
but one judgment possible—the judgment which
these parts into divisions, sections, and periods.
awards qualified praise to the earlier Napoleon who
Each period has a particular introduction, and an
was the child of his age," and execration to the
appendix containing a list of standard works to be
Napoleon of the 18th of Brumaire and all the bloody
read or consulted by the student desirous of extend-
years that followed the crime of that day.
ing his acquaintance with the epoch. By the use
of different kinds of type, a considerable amount
ONE of the most interesting volumes in the of detail is inserted without interrupting the current
"Famous Women" series (Roberts Brothers) is the of the narrative. A series of the best maps illustrate
one on Rachel, written by Nina H. Kennard. The the text, which is loaded with facts and still is never
space to which the biography is confined calls for heavy or wearisome. The book is intended for
much compression, and the work is so well done advanced students, but will be most serviceable to
that this is on the whole a gain. The author the general reader.
exhibits the breadth of judgment, kindly sympathy,
due appreciation, nice tact, and literary skill, which ! SARAH K. BOLTON's little volume of “Social
were requisite for a more than ordinarily exacting Studies in England” (Lothrop) is packed with inter-
task. She has delineated Rachel as artist and woman, esting matter concerning the efforts in progress in
with a just valuation of her great talents and a that couutry for the education of women and the
gentle charity for her faults and eccentricities. dispensation of charity. Its several chapters deal
With all that has been written of Rachel by biog with the higher education of women at Cambridge,
raphers, critics, admirers, and detractors, nothing at Oxford, the London University, University Col-
that we have seen has been so comprehensive and lege, and in the art schools; with the new avenues
equitable as this brief narrative. It leaves us imbued of work opened to women in the practice of needle-
with the right sentiment toward a woman of work, decorative art, floriculture, business, etc.;
remarkable endowment ; with respect for her gifts with the special charities under the charge of Agnes
and pitv for her misfortunes. Rachel was so young E. Weston, Mrs. Spurgeon, Miss De Broen, and
(only seventeen) when she startled and captured others; and with various London charities, the Pea-
Paris with her transcendent histrionic powers, and body homes, working-men's colleges, post-office sar-
so young (only thirty-seven) when her sad, tragic | ings banks, coöperative societies, etc., etc. Mrs.
life ended, there was such poverty and privation in Bolton spent two years in England investigating the
her early years, and so much sorrow and disappoint subjects of which she treats, and had access to all
ment blighting the most brilliant period of her sources of information relating to them. She thus
career, that it is impossible to deal with her other collected a large mass of precise and comprehensive
wise than in a spirit of mercy. Her letters, pub statistics, which are of great value as showing what
lished recently by M. Heylli, from which the present England is doing to advance and ameliorate the con-
biographer has quoted quite freely, show her in a dition of her people, and what our own country can
more favorable light than heretofore. She had l and should do in the same directions. We read so


1886.]
307
THE DIAL
much in these days of the wrongs and sufferings of tory of the nation have been so skilfully grouped
the English laboring classes, that it is good to read and linked together that all the minor incidents
on the other side, and learn how much noble work seem to be present also, lying in their shadow. It
is being done by public and private charities to | is like a bird's-eye view of the past centuries of Eng-
relieve their distress.
land's life, taken from some eminence which com-
mands the whole vista and exhibits each epoch in
NUMBER 51 of the "International Scientific its proper place and relative prominence. A table
Series” (Appleton) contains a somewhat technical showing the descent of the English sovereigns, and
essay on “Physical Expression," by Dr. Francis a chronology of the principal facts of English history,
Warner of London. As physician to the London precede the narrative, which is followed by tabulated
Hospital, and the East London Hospital for Chil- statistics and copious indexes. The book is worth a
dren, the author has had special opportunities for place on the library shelves although they hold al-
studying the attitudes and movements of adults and ready a goodly array of the great English historians.
children afflicted with various forms of disease. In It is published by Ginn & Company.
the course of his inquiries he endeavored to discover
the relation between the expression of these atti IN “My Study and Other Essays " (Charles
tudes and movements and the function of “menta Scribner's Sons), the Rev. Dr. Austin Phelps,
tion," or the action of the brain. The practical aim professor emeritus in Andover Theological Semi-
of his research was to afford medical men and sci nary, discusses a variety of subjects with that ease
entific investigators assistance in reading the out-
and grace of style, felicity of diction, and affluence
ward evidence of the inward vital force. The results of thought, for which he has come to be justly dis-
of his observations have a bearing upon the arts tinguished. The volume contains twenty-three
likewise, as they indicate the modes of physical articles, the most of them republished from the
expression which are associated with different con various periodicals in which they first appeared.
ditions and moods of the mind.-Number 52 of Some of the more important articles are “ Vibratory
the same series is a monograph on “Anthropoid Progress in Religious Beliefs," "Oscillations of
Apes,” by Robert Hartmann. Whatever is known Faith in Future Retribution,” “Retribution in the
of the anatomy and history of this class of mammals Light of Reason," " The Hypothesis of a Second
is condensed within these pages. Professor Hart. Probation," " Is the Christian Life Worth Living ?"
mann discards the order of the Quadrumana, and " A Study of the Episcopal Church,” and “Prayer
adopts instead the Linnæan order of the Primates, in as a State of Christian Living." The article which
which he puts both men and apes, classing them as gives title to the volume describes some curious
members of the same family. Although the two changes which have taken place in the religious
groups are placed thus together, the testimony of atmosphere of Boston and vicinity within the present
the work tends to show that man is not a descendant century. “My Study," the literary workshop of
of the ape, but of some unknown animal from the author for thirty years, was built by old Dr.
which both derive their origin. It also shows that I Griffin, of high orthodox fame. He, however, never
the ape is incapable of developing the intelligence occupied it. Its first occupant was Dr. Ebenezer
possessed by man, or of advancing much beyond its Porter, an able man, distinguished in his day.
present condition.
Here gathered in frequent council the learned doc-
tors and mighty defenders of New England Calvin-
THE familiar saying about the prophet and his
ism, then far less popular in the region of Boston
own country is freshly illustrated by Mr. William
than it is now. In the skilful handling of Prof.
M. Salter, of the Chicago Society for Ethical Cul-
Phelps, this history of the changes of opinion reads
ture, whose works might be called for in vain at
like an entertaining romance.
most American bookstores, and which are yet trans-
lated into German, and in Germany everywhere, as
DESPITE all that has been written about England
Mr. Edwin D. Mead writes, exposed for sale. “Die
Religion der Moral” (Leipzig u. Berlin: W. Freid-
by tourists and historians, there is a great deal of
new information yet to be gathered for us in that
rich-Chicago: Koelling, Klappenbach, & Kenkel)
sea-girt isle, by wide-awake travellers who know
is a work which contains fifteen of Mr. Salter's dis-
where to look, and what to take and what reject.
courses before the society of which he is the leader.
For proof we may cite the notes of a pedestrian tour
They have been translated into German by several
recently published by one who avoids a betrayal of
hands, under the editorship of Herr Georg von
his identity by entitling his work simply “England
Gizycki, and form a well-made volume of between
as Seen by an American Banker" (Lothrop & Co.).
three and four hundred pages. This gentleman
The author had the leisure and the wisdom to pursue
with a foreign name tells us in a preface that one
his travels through England on foot, following the
of his acquaintances, a man familiar with ethical
common highways and by-paths used by the people
literature, having read “Die Religion der Moral,"
in their daily avocations. In this way he obtained
concluded that “Salter must be a German." At all
a close and intimate view of a multitude of inter-
events, the editor has secured him a German
esting and illustrative objects and scenes, which the
audience, and fervently exhorts the public to profit
tourist, whisked through city and country in rail-
by the opportunity. We, for our part, will say that
car and carriage, catches but a glance of or misses
the compliment done Mr. Salter in this recognition
altogether. The “ American Banker” was system-
of his earnest and thoughtful work is richly de-
atic and persistent in pushing his inquiries. He
served.
sought exact and full statements in every case,
MR. D. H. MONTGOMERY has woven the “ Leading whether a farmer, a manufacturer, shop-keeper,
Facts of English History" into an exceedingly inter- verger, or pedestrian like himself, were his interlo-
esting story. It is very brief, spreading over but cutor. He mingled constantly with the people; he
232 duodecimo pages, and yet it is by no means a was one of them; and at every step added to his
bald outline. The great decisive events in the his- | knowledge of their habits, thoughts, purposes and


308
[March,
THE DIAL
life. What he heard and saw, he had the capacity MR. ANDREW LANG's clever series of "Letters to
to write out in a clear, direct, business-like style, Dead Authors,” which appeared in the “St. James
wasting neither his own nor his reader's time in Gazette," are issued in book form by Charles
talking of things well known or of no moment. | Scribner's Sons.
Hence his book is pithy, fresh and entertaining. It
A NEW volume of verse by Whittier, containing
is arranged topically, and not according to the usual
the poems he has written since the publication of
method of a traveller's itinerary.
“The Bay of Seven Islands" in 1883, is soon to be
published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE unassuming volume that bears the title A FULL discussion of the Chinese problem at the
“Progressive Orthodoxy" (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Pacific Coast is presented in the March “ Over-
is composed of articles which have lately appeared
land," in articles by different writers on various
in the ? Andover Review," and whose authors are
aspects of the question.
the editors of that decidedly able and interesting
THAT valuable standard work, “Ten Great Re-
monthly. The more important chapters of the
work are devoted to a discussion of “The Incar-
ligions,” by the Rev. James Freeman Clarke, is just
nation," "The Atonement," " Eschatology," "The
issued in a new and cheaper but still well-printed
Work of the Holy Spirit,” “ Christianity and Mis-
edition, by Houghton, Miffin & Co.
sions,” and “The Scriptures." That the science of
MR. CHARLES G. WHITING, a pleasing and versa-
theology, like that of astronomy or chemistry, is
tile writer, at present the literary editor of the
“progressive," there is little disposition to deny.
Springfield (Mass.) “Republican,” has a work
Progressive orthodoxy, as explained and held by entitled “The Saunterer," which will shortly be
these writers, is not a supplanting of the old ortho issued by Ticknor & Co.
doxy, nor yet properly an addition to it; but a ROBERTS BROS. will soon publish “ Colonel Ches-
re-casting of some of its doctrines into new forms of wick's Campaign,” by Flora Shaw; “Madame Ro-
statement. Whether the re-statements are improve land," by Mathilde Blind, in the “Famous Women"
ments, is a question about which, doubtless, theo series; Eugenie Grandet," in the Balzac series;
logians will differ. The discussion is conducted in "Atalanta in the South," a romance, by Maud Howe;
these essays with ability, and in a spirit of great and a new edition of the novels of George Meredith,
candor and fairness; and they will prove suggestive in nine volumes.
and stimulating to all readers who are interested in
We are glad to see Franklin's Autobiography
such subjects.
forming one of the numbers of “Cassell's National
Library.” Other numbers are: Byron's “Childe Har-
DR. E. E. HALE manages to throw a certain fas-
cination about all his literary work, whatever its
old,” Walton's “Complete Angler," “ The School
for Scandal ” and “The Rivals" (in one volume),
nature; and this element is not absent from his vol-
ume of “Boys' Heroes" (Lothrop), a series of por-
Hallam's “History of Europe During the Middle
Ages,” Mungo Park's “ Travels in Africa." These
traits of great men whose lives and deeds appeal
strongly to the imagination of boyhood. The por-
volumes are fairly printed, and sell at ten cents.
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| Whipple, Edward E. Hale, Prof. John Fiske,


1886.)
309
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314
THE DIAL
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1886.)
· 315
THE DIAL
JUST PUBLISHED. Messrs. ROBERTS BROTHERS'
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316 .
[April, 1886.
THE DIAL
erary Pieces.
MACMILLAN & CO.'S Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s
NEW BOOKS.
NEW BOOKS.
Two NEW NOVELS BY AMERICAN AUTHORS.
The Bostonians.
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The Ship and the Ice Journals of Lieut.-Commander
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GEORGE W. DE LONG, U. S. N. Edited by his
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tude, which has heretofore been published in two vol-
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conceived and well constructed, the narrative is always
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books of adventure and valor and tragedy.
are dramatic; the difficult scene of the first meeting
with the wife is admirably done, and the closing chapter
is one of thestrongest and at the same time one of the most The Works of Thomas Middleton.
natural pieces of writing that any author has given us.
New York Tribune.
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Mr. Swinburne, the famous poet and critic, writing of
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tecture in Modern Churches, Life at Concord, Speech and
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compares with that of Obermann and that of Maurice de ergy, the Personality of Authors in their Books, and the
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Among the most interesting philosophical writings
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According to the Common Version. With Explana-
A record of his intellectual attitudes a minute and
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marvellous, though unstudied, chronicle of mental im.
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Edition, with Foot Notes from the Rivised
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Version of 1881, and Additional Notes by M. B.
tality that might have escaped the most finished
conscious performance within the limit of his powers.
RIDDLE, D.D., Professor of New Testament
... This marvellous and fascinating production.-
New York Commercial Advertiser.
Exegesis in Hartford Theological Seminary.
A book which will be carefully and closely read and lov. Printed from entirely new plates. 1 vol., 8vo,
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A wealth of thought and a power of expression which
Dr. Robinson's English Harmony, which has long been
would make the fortune of a dozen less able works.--
the standard work of its class, is now revised so as to
Churchman,
include the results of the very fruitful studies of the
It has already made its mark and is a book not to be Gospels in recent years. It is of the greatest value to Clergy-
exhausted in a few readings, but which, when once read,
will be laid aside to be read again, and which in the last
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review will both yield more than in the first and leave
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A Harmony of the Four Gospels in
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THE DIAL
Authors.-Abbott's Upland and Meadow.-Ebers's
Studies in Greek Thought.-Cox's Lives of Greek
Their Adulteration.-Bourke's Apache Campaign.
VOL. VI. APRIL, 1886. No. 72. modern Europe. With them it also means,
-
-
and most emphatically, the civil and political
CONTENTS.
history of the western continent, and of this
Nation of ours—its discovery, settlement,
WINSOR'S NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY
growth and development-lessons of more
OF AMERICA. W. F. Poole ......... 317
thrilling and romantic interest, and of more
THE REVELATION OF A HUMAN SOUL. Horatio
importance to American citizens, than 'are fur-
N. Powers - ................ 320
nished by the records of any other people.
SAINTSBURY'S ENGLISH PROSE STYLE. Melville
When every writer on political science in the
B. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
old world is making a profound study of the
THE PAINTING OF THE RENASCENCE. Walter
institutions of the new world, and is drawing
Cranston Larned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
his best illustrations from their practical opera-
POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART .... 326
tion, it is time that Americans knew their own
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ...... 327
history. The recent organization of the Amer-
ican Historical Association, with a membership
Ham's Manual Training.-Lang's Letters to Dead
in every State in the Union, its annual meet-,
Life of Alma Tadema.--Croll's Discussions on
ings and series of publications; the series of
Climate and Cosmology.-Roosevelt's Hunting
“Studies in Historical and Political Science,”
Trips of a Ranchman.-Myers's Outlines of Medi.
æval and Modern History.--Harrison's The Choice issued by the Johns Hopkins University; the
of Books and Other Literary Pieces.-Compayre's “Wharton School Annals of Political Science,"
History of Pedagogy.-Lodge's Modern Earope.--
issued by the University of Pennsylvania; the
Blackie's What Does History Teach?_White's
Words and Their Uses.--Hitchcock's Etching in
“Political Science Quarterly,” issued by the
America.-Upton's Woman in Music.-Packard's faculty of Columbia College, New York, all
treating American subjects after the new meth-
Statesmen.-Miss Richards's Food Materials and
ods, are further indications of the growing
- Miss Salmon's History of the Appointing Power interest in the study of American history.
of the President.
The historical societies of the land, state,
LITERARY NUTES AND NEWS ........ 332 county, city and town, many with its series of
TOPICS IN APRIL PERIODICALS...... publications, are almost without number, and
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... are composed of earnest workers, each in his
own specialty.
In this summary of progress, the zealous
WINSOR'S NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL
HISTORY OF AMERICA.*
collectors of early American books and of
foreign books relating to America must not
The person would be laughed at who in our be overlooked ; and they are many. It is a
day should write American history in the loose, taste for possession which is rapidly increasing
rhetorical, and flamboyant style which was in every cultivated community. There is no
popular forty years ago. In no department of incentive to the study of American history
American literature has there been in recent like the owning of some of those early and
years a more marked progress than in that of precious books. The possession of anything
our national, state, and local history. These like a large and choice collection of them is a
indications of improvement are seen, not only luxury which only millionaires can indulge in.
in the later historical publications—which are Mr. McMaster, in the first volume of his read-
usually characterized by thorough research, able and superficial history, said that before
careful study, and a scholarly style-but they
the period at which his narrative began (1784),
appear in the facilities which are now fur- “No American writer had appeared whose
nished to students in colleges and universities compositions possessed more than an ephemeral
for acquiring the best methods in the study of interest.” The American book-collectors have
history, and a taste for historical research. had their smile at this statement, and have
A professor of history is now deemed as essen- pitied the author's unfamiliarity with early
tial in a first-class college as a professor of American literature. A book which has held
metaphysics or of natural science. Men of its own for one or two centuries, and will
eminent abilities are filling these positions. now command in the London market a price
With them, history has not the meaning it a hundred times greater than when it was
formerly had : simply of Assyria and Babylon. I published, can hardly be said to have “an
of Greece and Rome, of the middle ages and ephemeral interest.” There are hundreds and
thousands of such books; and their commercial
* NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA,
Edited by Justin Winsor, Librarian of Harvard College. i
value is constantly rising. Does Mr. McMaster
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Vols. II., III., IV. expect that his volumes (which he, certainly,


318
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does not regard as of “ephemeral interest") treated in the several chapters are: What was
will stand the test of two centuries as well? | known or suspected by the ancients concerning
Suppose a person of modest ambition and lim America ? the real and alleged explorations
ited means should acquire a taste for North and discoveries by the Northmen, the Chinese,
western history—the whole country is more the Irish, Welsh, etc.; the prehistoric races of
than he can cover-and should resolve to America; the mound-builders, copper-users,
possess the early books which treat it. He cliff-dwellers, and pueblos; the ancient civili.
would soon be amazed at the number of these zation of the Mexican, Nahua, and Maya
books, and their cost: the narratives of the races, and of the ancient Peruvian and other
French voyageurs into the Northwest before South American people. This volume will
an Englishman had seen it; the Jesuit Rela contain the editor's archeological and biblio-
tions ; such books as Pittman's “European graphical introduction, and will be the latest
Settlements on the Mississippi," and those volume issued in the series.
homely volumes written and printed in the The subject of Volume II., the first in the
backwoods of Western Virginia and on the order of issue, is “ The Spanish Discoveries
prairies of Illinois— Withers's “Border War and Conquests." The most zealous worker in
fare," Doddridge's “Notes,” Kercheval's this field is the learned and accomplished
“ Valley of Virginia," Gov. Reynolds's “Pio- editor himself. The volume opens with an
neer History” and “My Own T'imes,” Beck's introduction by him, on the “Documentary
“Gazetteer,” the Palmyra (N.Y.) edition of the Sources of Early Spanish-American History,"
Mormon Bible, etc. It is, therefore, utterly and he follows it up with a chapter, of 92
impossible for historical students to own all pages, on “ Columbus and his Discoveries,"
the books they need, even if they have the and a critical essay on the “Earliest Maps of
wealth of such collectors as the late James the Spanish and Portuguese Discoveries." The
Lenox, of New York, or John Carter Brown, great value of these papers is in the thorough
of Providence, R. I. If those noted collections familiarity of the author with the earliest and
were now offered for sale by competition, the rarest books relating to these topics, and the
prices they would bring would astonish un- critical and scholarly use he has made of them.
bookish men, and ignorant people might think No public or private collection of rare books
that insane asylums needed to be enlarged. in the land has been closed against him, and
The want of our time, in the department of his pages are enriched by fac-simile portraits,
American history, is a work different from autographs, views, maps and texts from these
any that has hitherto been prepared, which, old books, which are most instructive, and are
with a concise narrative of events, shall give rarely seen by historical students. It is a sat-
a critical and scholarly outline of the subject, isfaction to know what is in these rare books;
and an account of the books which are the how they were illustrated; what institution or
sources of our history. Such a work we have collector now owns them; what price they
at last in the “Narrative and Critical History brought at the last public sale; and how many
of America,” under the editorial supervision editions were issued and their relative value.
of Mr. Justin Winsor, the Librarian of Har The time has come when such information is
vard University, three volumes of which have appreciated, and when the slop-work with
already appeared, and five more are to follow. / which the public has been served under the
Too high praise cannot be bestowed upon the | name of “standard American history” may be
plan and execution of the work. The amount allowed to collect dust on the shelves. The
of time and labor which have been bestowed next chapter is on Americus Vespucius, writ-
upon it by the editor and his collaborators ten by Sidney Howard Gay; followed by
is simply stupendous. It is issued under “Critical and bibliographical notes on Vespu-
the auspices of a committee of the Massa cius and the naming of America ” by Mr.
chusetts Historical Society, and with the Winsor. Here again are fac-similes of the
coöperation of fourteen other historical socie first publication of the letters of Vespucius,
ties in this country and in England. Instead and of the text of the book in which the
of being written by one person, which, in a name “America” first appeared. The very
work of such magnitude, must necessarily be curious story of the naming of this western
a superficial treatment, the topics have been continent is fully set forth. It was done by a
assigned to well-known writers selected with very humble person, a teacher of geography
reference to their special fitness to treat those | and proof-reader, one Martin Waldseemüller
subjects. The work, therefore, in this respect, (who wrote his name, transformed into Greek,
is encyclopædic in its character ; and yet the "Hylacomylus"), in an edition of the “ Cos-
grouping of the chapters brings the related mographiæ Introductio” containing the letters
topics together, and gives to the separate vol- of Vespucius, which was printed in the little
umes a chronological and topical unity.
town of St.-Die, in the Vosges mountains of
The subject of the first volume is "America France, in 1507. The two original passages
before Columbus”; and some of the topics (in Latin) where the name “ America” first


1886.]
319
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--
-
-
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--
appeared, Mr. Winsor has reproduced in fac The English in New York, by John Austin
simile. Translated they are as follows: “And Stevens; The English in New Jersey, by Wm.
the fourth part of the globe having been discov A. Whitehead; Founding of Pennsylvania, by
ered by Americus, it may be called Amerigen; Fred. D. Stone; and the English in Maryland,
that is, the land of Americus, or America." by Wm. T. Brantly.
And again : “Now truly, as these regions Volume IV. begins with the Physiography
are more widely explored, and another fourth of North America, by Nathaniel S. Šhaler; and
part is discovered by Americus Vespucius (as is followed by the Voyages of Cortereal, Ver-
may be learned by what follows), I do not see razano, Gomez, and Thevet, by George Dexter;
why it may not justly be called Amerigen, Maps of the Eastern Coast, by the Editor;
that is, the land of Americus, or America, from Jacques Cartier and his successors, by B. F.
Americus its discoverer, a man of wise intel De Costa; Maps of the Northeast coast, by
lect; inasmuch as both Europa and Asia have the Editor; Samuel de Champlain, by Edmund
taken their names from females. The land F. Slafter; Acadia, by Chas. C. Smith; Dis-
which Vespucius discovered was in South covery of the Great Lakes, by Edw. D. Neill;
America, and was called at the time “Mundus Joliet, Marquette, and La Salle, by the Editor;
Novus." Vespucius died in 1512, and went to Father Louis Hennepin, by the Editor; Baron
his grave without suspecting that he had dis La Hontan, by the Editor; The Jesuits, Recol-
covered a new continent; and no other person lects, and the Indians, by John G. Shea ; The
in his day was wiser, on this point, than he. Jesuit Relations, by the Editor; Count Fronte-
He supposed that he had discovered new land nac and his times, by George Stewart, Jr. ;
lying south of Asia, which might be an immense Atlases and charts of the sixteenth and seven-
island like Australia. This new land, or new teenth centuries, by the Editor; New Nether-
world, the humble writer at St.-Die called land, by Berthold Fernow; and New Sweden
“ America” without knowing what the land on the Delaware, by Gregory B. Kean.
was. It was not till 1513 that the true cos Volume V. will treat of the French and
mography of the world, by the discovery of English in North America from 1689 to 1763;
the Pacific ocean by Balboa, was suspected; and Volume VI., the American Revolution, 1763–
by the voyage of the Magellan expedition was 1783; Volume VII., the United States, 1783–
verified. That the name came to be applied to 50; Volume VIII., Canada and the American
the whole western continent, after it was Outgrowths of Continental Europe. Each vol-
ascertained that there was such a continent, ume is accompanied by a full and minute
was probably due to the fact that no other index; and all the separate indexes will be
name was suggested. The name came very condensed into one general index in the last
slowly into use, and in 1522 found a place on volume. For volumes of this size and charac-
a mappemonde in the “Geographia" of Ptolemy. | ter the subscription price of $5.50 each is
It is certain that Vespucius was in no way very moderate.
responsible for giving a name to the new conti. The scope of the work may be inferred from
nent, when in justice the honor was due to this résumé of its contents; but its critical
Columbus. Ancient Florida in this volume is scholarship, and its wealth of helpful refer-
treated by John G. Shea; Las Casas and the ences and notes can not be appreciated except
relations of the Spaniards to the Indians, by by an examination of the three volumes which
Geo. E. Ellis; Cortes and his companions, by have been issued. The work will not be a
the Editor; Discoveries on the Pacific coast, substitute for some of the excellent popular
by the Editor; Pizarro and the Conquest of histories which now exist, but it will be their
Peru, by Clements R. Markham; Amazon and supplement and commentator. A popular
Eldorado, by the Editor; and Magellan's Dis history must treat events in a cursory manner,
covery, by Edward E. Hale. Each chapter is | and, from the standpoint of a student of his-
profusely illustrated by fac-similes, and accom tory, in a superficial manner. The student
panied by critical and bibliographical notes. therefore finds that the general histories give
Volume III. opens with a chapter on the him but little help, and that he must have
Voyages of the Cabots, by Charles Deane; fol. 1 recourse to rare books, to monographs, to the
lowed by Voyages of Hawkins and Drake, by | collections of the historical societies, and if
Edward E. Hale ; Explorations for a North possible to unprinted manuscripts, getting
west passage, by Chas. C. Smith; Sir Walter back as near as he can to original authorities.
Raleigh, by Wm. Wirt Henry; Virginia, by These are the materials which have been used
Robt. A. Brock ; Norumbega and its English in Mr. Winsor's work, and to which references
explorers, by B. F. De Costa ; Earliest Eng are made.
lish publications on America, by the Editor; No person who becomes a zealous student
The Religious element in the settlement of of American history ever undertakes to cover
New England, by Geo. E. Ellis ; Pilgrim critically the whole field. He becomes a spe-
Church and Plymouth Colony, by Franklin B. cialist, and devotes his energies to the study of
Dexter; New England, by Charles Deane ; some period, some locality, some events, and,


320
[April,
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-
for the time being, to some single event. His Amiel's constitutional idiosyncracies, which
first endeavor is to ascertain and establish the were intensified by his environment, obstructed
facts involved; and from these facts it is very his literary career and kept him, during his
likely that he will develop a view or statement lifetime, in comparative obscurity. As a pro-
of the event very different from that which he fessor, with all his vast learning and accom-
finds in the standard histories. His investiga plishments, he made no special mark; in the
tions have given him a knowledge of the field of letters he seemed to disappoint the
literature of the subject. It is specialists of expectations of his distinguished friends who
this grade whom Mr. Winsor has sought for saw in his youth the signs of great promise;
as his contributors. In some of the chapters he acknowledges his own failure to accom-
are embodied the results of years of delectable plish the literary work for which he was
study. In natural science the best work is consciously equipped, and was perpetually
done by specialists; and, in fact, all scientists, realizing the comparative barrenness of his
except lecturers in colleges and on the public execution. Yet all the apparent shortcomings
platform, are specialists. A gentleman who of his life have abundant compensation in
had found a very interesting bug, applied to what he bequeathed the world in this incom-
an eminent entomologist to ascertain what it parable Journal. Parts of this voluminous
was and its habits. The scientist could not record, of some 17,000 pages in MS., were pub-
give him the information. In his surprise, the lished in France soon after his death; and
gentleman said: “Excuse me,- I thought you now we have in English the excellent transla.
were an entomologist.” “So I am,” was the tion of Mrs. Humphry Ward-a treasure for
reply; “but that is not my bug.” That sci-| which many serious and contemplative natures
entist probably contributed to the Encyclo will be more than grateful.
pædia Britannica the article on “my bug,” With strong mystical and poetical elements,
and if it could be identified would no doubt Amiel's mind was keenly analytical, compre-
be found to be an able paper.
hensive, and profound. He had mastered the
The thanks of American scholars are due to philosophies of the ancients and moderns;
Mr. Winsor and his enterprising publishers his mind was enriched by travel; he was
for the production of this valuable and monu acquainted with the methods and results of
mental work in American history.
science; he had a passion for Nature, was
W. F. PoolE. familiar with all great literature, free from
cynicism, and profoundly religious. His
= -= = =- - -
Journal, written chiefly for personal reasons,
THE REVELATION OF A HUMAN SOUL.* is a transcript of his intellectual and spiritual
This book is a revelation, a life-drama, a
life—what he saw with the soul, felt, appre-
voice from the depths and heights ; a pano-
hended with the inmost intelligence-por-
rama of psychological experiences of the most
traitures of opinions, beliefs, hopes, struggles,
vital, expressive, and fascinating interest. A
affections, aspirations, doubts, despairs. It
great, unique, richly endowed, and highly cul-
contains the keenest criticisms, the clearest
tivated soul, occupied with the deepest ques-
delineations of the forces that are potential in
tions of life, and moving in planes of the most
life, society, politics, religion; observations on
instructive and exalted experience, is laid
the vital things of humanity, nature, the soul,
bare. As a piece of literature, this Journal,
the universe. We see a man who is living
while betraying its kinship with other remark-
consciously in the presence of the infinite,
able productions, stands by itself, and will be
whose lofty ideal is fed and sustained by the
immortal, for it is of the spirit.
most solemn considerations, who is supremely
Henri-Frédéric Amiel was born in Geneva,
solicitous of a spotless conscience, who lives
above all self-seeking, self-assertion, worldly
in 1821; after study and travel he was elected,
in 1849, Professor of Æsthetics and French
ambitions, in the fear that anything may
Literature at the Academy of Geneva; and
restrain the precious liberty of his personality;
four years later he exchanged this post for the
who is able to study himself as a being dis-
professorship of Moral Philosophy, which he
tinct from himself, who by a wonderful sym-
continued to hold till his death in 1881. The
pathy can identify himself with innumerable
individuals and objects, and who never ceases
Journal Intime covers a period of more than
thirty years, and is the only work of conspic-
to honor that which is most himself by a
uous importance of this beautiful genius-
moral attitude that corresponds with his
scholar, poet, philosopher, critic; one of the
exalted aims and apprehensions.
peculiarly expressive voices of the nineteenth
Amiel's intellectual and moral character
fitted him for the function of the great critic;
century.
and as he saw things outwardly, and inwardly,
* AMIEL'S JOURNAL. The Journal Intime of Henri-Frédé. and in their totality, his judgments were
ric Amiel. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes,
scrupulously discriminating and just. His
by Mrs. Humphry Ward. London and New York: Mac.
millan & Co.
observations on such writers as Voltaire,


1886.]
THE DIAL
321
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Chateaubriand, Goethe, Rousseau, Corneille, that seems to me neglected; my aim is to complete
Saint Beuve, Victor Hugo, Taine, Renan, every thesis, to see around every problem, to study
Cherbuliez, Weber, and others, are very fresh,
a thing from all possible sides."
penetrating, and profound. But it is on the
It is to this largeness of view that Amiel
workings of his own mind, and his philosophy attributes one cause of his literary sterility:
of life, that the book centres. Such a narra “I have far greater width than inventiveness of
tive of profound experiences, such an appre thought, and, from timidity, I have allowed the
hension of all that is awful and mysterious in
critical intelligence to swallow up the creative genius.
existence, such a struggle to attain the good
Is it indeed from timidity?
and to adjust oneself to the order of the
This indisposition to enter upon some great
universe, such a recognition of the require-
literary effort is a subject of frequent reflec-
ments of the heart, and at the same time such tions to the philosopher, and he seems per-
respect for the reason and the moral law, fectly aware of its explanation:
delivered with such grace of style and power “I am afraid of the subjective life, and recoil
of statement, will have a deep and lasting fas-
from every enterprise, demand, or promise which
cination for all souls that are accustomed to
may oblige me to realize myself: I feel a terror of
action, and am only at ease in the impersonal, dis-
brood over the deep verities of their being.
interested, and objective life of thought. The rea-
Quotations can do no justice to this volume,
son seems to be timidity, and the timidity springs
and yet without them it is impossible to give from the excessive development of the reflective
true glimpses of the author's scope, quality, power which has almost destroyed in me all spon-
and power. But how little comparatively, taneity, impulse, and instinct-and therefore all
from a book of nearly five hundred pages, can boldness and confidence. Whenever I am forced to
those selected convey of the variety and value
act, I see cause for error and repentance everywhere
-everywhere hidden threats and masked vexations,
of the whole!
From a child I have been liable to the disease of
Amiel's unswerving fidelity to the ideal is
irony, and that it may not be altogether crushed by
positively announced:
destiny, my nature seems to have armed itself with
“Materialism coarsens and petrifies everything; , & caution strong enough to prevail against any of
makes everything vulgar, and every truth false. life's blandishments. It is just this strength which
And there is a religious and political materialism is my weakness. I have a horror of being duped-
which spoils all that it touches-liberty, equality, above all, duped by myself-and I would rather cut
individuality. What is threatened to-day is moral myself off from all life's joys than deceive or be
liberty, conscience, respect for the soul, the very deceived."
nobility of man. What the writer, the teacher, the
Reverie when alone with Nature was inev-
pastor, the philosopher, has to do, is to defend
itable to a mind constituted like his.
humanity in man. Man! the true man, the ideal
man!.... The ideal under all its forms is the
“Will they ever return to me, those grandiose,
anticipation and the prophetic vision of that exist-
immortal, cosmogonic dreams, in which one seems
ence, higher than his own, toward which every to carry the world in one's breast, to touch the stars,
being perpetually aspires. And this higher and to possess the infinite? Divine moments, hours of
more dignified existence is more inward in character
ecstacy, when thought flies from world to world,
—that is to say, more spiritual. Watch, then, dis penetrates the great enigma, breathes with a respi-
ciple of life, watch and labor towards the develop ration large, tranquil, and profound like that of the
ment of the angel within thee! For the divine
ocean, and hovers serene and boundless like the
Odyssey is but a series of more and more ethereal blue heaven. Visits from the muse Urania, who
metamorphoses, in which each form, the result of
traces round the foreheads of those she loves the
what goes before, is the condition of those which
phosphorescent nimbus of contemplative power, and
follow. The divine life is a series of successive
who pours into their hearts the tranquil intoxication,
deaths, in which the mind throws off its imperfec-
if not the authority of genius-moments of irresist-
tions and its symbols, and yields to the growing
ible intuition, in which a man feels himself great as
attraction of the ineffable centre of gravitation, the
the universe and calm like God! From the celestial
sun of intelligence and love. . . . . What all
spheres down to the shell or the moss, the whole of
religious, poetical, pure, and tender souls are least creation is then submitted to our gaze, lives in our
able to pardon is the diminution or degradation of
breasts and accomplishes in us its eternal work with
their ideal."
the regularity of destiny and the passionate ardor of
His respect for all that is included in man
love. What hours, what memories! ..... What
a pale counterfeit is real life of the life we see in
explains his aptitude for psychological study,
glimpses, and how these flaming lightnings of our
and his aversion to all intellectual proscription: prophetic youth make the twilight of our dull mo-
“I have a feeling that something of everything is notonous manhood more dark and dreary! .....
wanted to make a world, that all citizens have a We must know how to put occupation aside, which
right in the state, and that, if every opinion is does not mean that we must be idle. . ... Reverie,
equally insignificant in itself, all opinions have some like the rain of night, restores color and force to
hold upon truth. My tendency is always to the thoughts which have been blanched and wearied by
whole, to the totality, to the general balance of the heat of the day. With gentle fertilizing power
things. What is difficult to me is to exclude, to it awakens within us a thousand sleeping germs,
condemn, to say no: except, indeed, in the presence and, as though in play, gathers around us materials
of the exclusive. I am always fighting for the ab- for the future and images for the use of talent.
sent, for the defeated cause, for that portion of truth | Reverie is the Sunday of thought; and who knows
H


322
[April,
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which is the more important and fruitful for man,
the laborious tension of the week, or the life-giving
repose of the Sabbath?"
It is his habit to carry with him a sense of
the infinite-he lives face to face with the awful
grandeurs of life, God, the eternities.
"This morning the poetry of the scene, the song
of the birds, the breeze blowing over the fresh green
fields, all rose into and filled my heart. Now all is
silent. O Silence, thou art terrible!-terrible as that
calm of the ocean which lets the eye penetrate the
fathomless abysses below. Thou showest us in our-
selves depths which make us giddy, inextinguishable
needs, treasures of suffering. Welcome tempests! at
least they blur and trouble the surface of those waters
with their terrible secrets. Welcome the passion-
blasts which stir the waves of the soul, and so veil
from us its bottomless gulfs! In all of us, children
of dust, sons of time, eternity inspires an involuntary
anguish, and the infinite a mysterious terror. We
seem to be entering a kingdom of the dead. Poor
heart! thy craving is for life, for love, for illusions!
And thou art right after all, for life is sacred. . . .
In these moments of tête-à-tête with the infinite, how
different life looks! How all that usually occupies
and excitès us becomes suddenly puerile, frivolous,
and vain. We seem to ourselves mere puppets,
marionettes, strutting seriously through a fantastic
show, and mistaking gewgaws for things of great
price. . . . . The only substance properly so-
called is the soul. What is all the rest? Mere
shadows, pretext, figure, symbol, or dream. Con-
sciousness alone is immortal, positive, perfectly real.”
The nature of this man is deeply religious,
and with all his profound attainments in phi-
losophy he never ceases to recognize the needs
of the heart, and the only source of its satis-
faction. He acknowledges, too, the essential
spirit and methods of the Gospel. At the age
of thirty he writes :
“Moral love places the centre of the individual
in the centre of being: to love is virtually to know;
to know is not virtually to love."
Less than three years after, he says:
- "Every soul in which conversion has taken place
is a symbol of the history of the world. To be
happy, to possess eternal life, to be in God, to be
saved, -all these are the same. All alike mean the
solution of the problem, the aim of existence. . ...
Peace and repose can nowhere be found except in
life and in eternal life, and the eternal life is the
divine life, is God. To become divine is then the
aim of life; then only can truth be said to be ours
beyond the possibility of loss, because it is no longer
outside us, nor even in us, but we are it, and it is
we; we ourselves are a truth, a will, a work of God.
Liberty has become nature; the creature is one with
its Creator-one through love."
At the age of forty-seven he affirms :
“The religion of sin, of repentance, and reconcili-
ation, the religion of the new birth and of eternal life,
is not a religion to be ashamed of. In spite of all
the aberrations of fanaticism, all the superstitions of
formalism, all the ugly superstructures of hypocrisy,
all the fantastic puerilities of theology, the Gospel
has modified the world and consoled mankind. ...
Jesus will always supply us with the best criticism
of Christianity.
The Journal abounds in vital truths like
these:
“When everything is in its right place within us,
we ourselves are in equilibrium with the whole work
of God. Deep and grave enthusiasm for the eternal
beauty and the eternal order, reason touched with
emotion and a serene tenderness of heart,-these
surely are the foundations of wisdom. Wisdom!
how inexhaustible a theme! A sort of peaceful
aureole surrounds and illumines this thought, in
which are summed up all the treasures of moral
experience, and which is the ripest fruit of a
well-spent life. Wisdom never grows old, for
she is the expression of order itself-that is, of the
eternal. Only the wise man draws from life, and
from every stage of it, its true savor, because only he
feels the beauty, the dignity, the joy of life. To see
all things in God, to make one's life a journey
towards the ideal ; to live with gratitude, with
devoutness, with gentleness and courage—this was
the splendid aim of Marcus Aurelius. And if you
add to it the humility which kneels, and the charity
which gives, you have the whole wisdom of the
children of God, the immortal joy which is the
heritage of the true Christian. . . . . The
eternal life is not the future life: it is life in harmony
with the true order of things,-life in God. ....
We must learn to look upon time as a movement of
eternity, as an undulation in the ocean of being. ...
To live so as to keep this consciousness of ours in
perpetual relation with the eternal, is to be wise: to
live so as to personify and embody the eternal, is to
be religious.
He sums up, after a long experience, his
view of religion thus:
“Religion for me is to live and die in God, in
complete abandonment to the holy will which is at
the root of nature and destiny. I believe in the
Gospel, the Good News—that is to say, in the recon-
ciliation of the sinner with God, by faith in the love
of a pardoning Father."
But his critical faculty and religious yearn-
ings seemed to be in continual conflict, and
this makes the picture of his life so deeply
pathetic. Nature is all the time a reminder, an
awakener, a prophet speaking from beyond
the veil. In the spring of 1869 he says:
"I wandered along the Rhone and the Arve, and
all the memories of the past, all the disappoint-
ments of the present, and all the anxieties of the
future, laid siege to my heart like a whirlwind of
phantoms. . . . . Ah! how terrible is spring
to the lonely! ... I had the sharpest sense of
the emptiness of life and the flight of things. I
felt the shadow of the Upas tree darkening over
me. I gazed into the great implacable abyss in
which are swallowed up all those phantoms which
called themselves living beings. I saw that the
living are but apparitions hovering for a moment over
the earth, made out of the ashes of the dead, and
swiftly re-absorbed by eternal night, as the will-o'-
the-wisp sinks into the marsh. From regret to
disenchantment I floated on to Buddhism, to univer-
sal weariness. Ah, the hope of a blessed immortality
would be better worth having."
A few days after this, see how the tide of
feeling turns:
“The Alps are dazzling under their silver haze.


1886.1
323
THE DIAL
A passionate wish to live, to feel, to express, stirred nobody else reads. He is the paleontologist
the depths of my heart. It was a sudden re of books: a fossil book means as much to him
awakening of youth, a flash of poetry, a renewing as a fossil bone to Professor Huxley. When,
of the soul, a fresh growth of the wings of desire.
in the introductory essay, he refers to the
I forgot my age, my obligations, my duties, my
vexations, and youth leapt within me, as though life
æsthetic notions of Hilpa and Shalum before
were beginning again. It was as though something
the deluge, one has perfect confidence that Mr.
explosive had caught fire, and one's soul were scat-
Saintsbury knows whereof he speaks. It is
tered to the four winds: in such a mood one would pleasant to fancy the transition from arrogant
fain devour the whole world, experience everything, triumph to apologetic confusion in a man so
see everything. Faust's ambition enters into one,
hard to floor as Sidney Smith, had Mr. Saints.
universal desire-a horror of one's own prison cell.
bury been alive to present himself when the
0, ye passions, a ray of sunshine is enough to rekin,
Edinburgh reviewer propounded that famous
dle ye all! The cold black mountain is a volcano
once more, and melts its snowy crown with one
question, “Who reads an American book ?”
single gust of flaming breath.”
This almost unrivalled breadth of critical
reading marked Mr. Saintsbury as of all men the
How finely this is put:
“Tell me what you feel in your solitary room
most likely to succeed in a task like the produc-
when the full moon is shining in upon you, and
tion of the present volume. This task was similar
your lamp is dying out, and I will tell you how old
to that which he performed for French litera-
you are, and I shall know if you are happy."
ture in 1883,-namely, to compress within a
And this:
handy volume of 400 pages “a collection of
“Deep within this ironical and disappointed being
characteristic examples" of the styles of some
of mine, there is a child hidden—a frank, sad, sim-
fivescore of the foremost masters of English
ple creature, who believes in the ideal, in love, in
prose, from the invention of printing down to
holiness, and all heavenly superstitions. A whole the year 1800 as “the inferior birth-limit,"
millenium of idylls sleeps in my heart."
letters, drama, and oratory being for the most
How true are utterances like these:
part excluded. As, from the conditions of the
" The public is won by the bold imperious talents-
case, but three or four pages could be assigned
by the enterprising and skilful. It does not believe
to a single author, it is evident that the value
in modesty, which it regards as a device of impo of the book must chiefly depend upon the care
tence. The golden book contains but a section of and taste exercised in making the selections.
the true geniuses. . . . . True goodness is Perhaps a comparison of this work with the
loth to recognize any privilege in itself; it prefers
best one of the kind already before the public
to be humble and charitable; it tries not to see what
will furnish a sufficiently severe test. Ten
stares it in the face—that is to say, the imperfec-
tions, infirmities, and errors of human-kind: its pity
years ago there were published in the Claren-
puts on airs of approval and encouragement. It
don Press Series two volumes entitled “Typical
triumphs over its own repulsions that it may help Selections from the Best English Writers " (of
and save. . . . . Piety is the daily renewing prose), an excellent work, as may be inferred
of the ideal, the steadying of our inner being, from the fact that it was the result of the
agitated, troubled, and embittered by the common collaboration of such men as Dean Stanley,
accidents of existence. Prayer is the spiritual balm,
Mark Pattison, Goldwin Smith, Prof. Coning-
the precious cordial that restores to us peace and
ton, and others. In extent, Mr. Saintsbury's
courage."
But I have already transcended the space
book bears to the Oxford book the relation of
five to eight; while in the number of authors
assigned me in these pages. To me, this
represented the proportions are reversed,
volume is a wonderful and precious treasure.
Saintsbury including ninety-six, the Oxford
Such a production inevitably takes its place in
editor fifty-nine. Thus the latter has at his
the permanent literature of the world, for it
disposal for each author something less than
contains the truth of life and the food of souls.
three times as much space as the former.
HORATIO N. POWERS.
This gives him a great advantage over Mr.
Saintsbury, which he forfeits by making his
selections scrappy, giving an average of more
SAINTSBURY'S ENGLISH PROSE STYLE.*
than five separate passages from each author
Mr. George Saintsbury is a great traveller
to Saintsbury's one and a half and less. It is
in the world of books. He has visited shores
the weak point of both works that the selec-
as remote as any ever trodden by Mandeville
tions are too brief; but in the case of the
or Marco Polo, and he is fully equal to the
present work this is made almost inevitable by
modern scientific traveller in competence to
the limits of the book. Each of Mr. Saints-
describe what he has seen. He has read
bury's nuggets is a solid lump, while in the
whatever anybody reads, as well as much that
Oxford book a great proportion of the selec-
tions are mutilated by the omission of passages
* SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH PROSE STYLE, from Malory
deemed unsuitable. It is needless to say that
to Macaulay. Selected and annotated, with Introductory
such emasculated specimens are almost value-
Essay, by George Saintsbury. Chicago: A. C. McClurg
& Company.
| less for purposes of rhetorical analysis. The


324
[April,
THE DIAL
Oxford editor, having young readers in mind, nature. Were there space here for the pur-
made his selections with an educational aim; pose, the present writer would like to comment
while Mr. Saintsbury's selections are made upon a few of Mr. Saintsbury's remarks; but
purely upon grounds of taste, and have, perfect agreement in matters of criticism is
accordingly, a choicer literary quality. To | neither attainable nor, perhaps, desirable, and
illustrate this comparison, one or two examples it is better to commend the essay to those in-
may not be superfluous. From Southey the terested, who will find it concentrated enough
Oxford book gives six extracts on about as to bear more than a single perusal. Like the
many pages, and two of these passages are brief notices of authors, this essay abounds in
mutilated; Saintsbury, on the other hand, de compendious criticisms and felicitous charac-
votes a little less space to one more satisfying terizations. In style, Mr. Saintsbury is here
extract from “ The Doctor." From Milton's at his best,-clear, compact, harmonious, the
“ Areopagitica” both editors extract the pas thought lighted here and there with choice bits
sage about the quest for truth, but the Oxford of phrasing which are sometimes rather diffi-
editor takes only about half as much as Mr. cult to distinguish from the classes of “aniline"
Saintsbury, and emasculates this by the omis and “unexpected” words condemned by him
sion of two passages relating to the “obdurate in others. There is one rooted defect noted
clergy.” By this treatment the extract loses by THE Dial in reviewing his life of Marl-
much of its sting and point, and is rendered borough (in February). Mr. Saintsbury con-
well suited to enable the instructor to disguise demns vigorously “the peppering and salting
the truth—unwelcome perhaps at Oxford of sentence after sentence with strange words
that the honored poet was a rabid “anti-cleri- or with familiar words used strangely." If
cal.” The superiority of the volume before words from half-a-dozen foreign languages,
us with regard to the selection of authors is ancient and modern, can be called “strange,”
still more marked: it is at once more catholic the author's advice is enforced by his own
and more discriminating. For example, be warning example. This essay being presum-
tween Jeremy Taylor (born 1613) and Dryden ably not specially addressed to scholars, it
(born 1631), the Oxford book contains selec would have been worth his while to convert
tions only from Temple, Barrow, and Tillot the foreign counters by the aid of which he
son. In the present volume the following are performs his own mental operations into the
represented: Henry More, Baxter, Cowley, current coin of English speech recommended
Evelyn, Algernon Sidney, Bunyan, Halifax, by him to others. Happily for Mr. Saintsbury
all born between the dates mentioned; while and his fellow-craftsmen, the time is come
Tillotson and Barrow are omitted. To con when thousands of readers presume to take
clude this comparison, it should be remarked some interest in English literature even before
that the Oxford editor devotes a page or two acquainting themselves with the vocabularies
to the biography and criticism of each author, of several foreign tongues.
while Saintsbury's limit is eight lines in the On the whole, there is no other book so well
form of an epigraph, into which he still man suited to the needs of instructors requiring a
ages to pack a surprising amount of information series of selections to serve at once for rhetor-
and criticism. Now that literary and bio ical analysis and as illustrations of the develop-
graphical reference books are so numerous ment of English prose style. No mere ready-
and accessible, this brevity will hardly lessen made description or analysis of the styles of
the value of the book.
authors (not even that of Prof. Wm. Minto in
The introductory essay is interesting, in his admirable Manual of English Prose), how-
structive, suggestive. It would not be easy to | ever useful it may be in connection with a book
find elsewhere within the limits of thirty pages like this, can be made a substitute for it. After
either an outline so accurate of the develop analyzing specimens from some of the classic
ment of English prose style, or a statement so authors, the student might profitably turn his
lucid and so sound as to what English prose lens and scalpel to the examination of the
style is and what it should be. Differ as critics introductory essay. That it will bear examina-
may from Mr. Saintsbury in theory and in tion, the following weighty and elegant para-
practice, probably there will be substantial graph, the concluding one of the essay, may
agreement that his conservative preference for testify:
the sobriety, simplicity, and balance of the "To conclude, the remarks which have been
school of Dryden, Addison, and Swift, is, for made in this Essay are no doubt in many cases dis-
the educator at least, the safest attitude. It is putable, probably in some cases mistaken. They are
happily becoming a commonplace of peda-
given, not as dogma, but as dora; not as laws to
gogy, that the function of the teacher ends
guide practitioners whose practice is very likely
better than the lawgiver's, but as the result of a
with the acquisition by the pupil of notions
good many years' reading of the English literature
of clear and correct expression: these once
of all ages with a constantly critical intent. And of
secured, elegance, picturesqueness, etc., may be that critical intent one thing can be said with con-
safely left to the spontaneous promptings of fidence, that the presence and the observation of it,


1886.)
325
THE DIAL
prose.'"
so far from injuring the delight of reading, add to thoroughly to exhaust the entire subject, and
that delight in an extraordinary degree. It infuses make one wonder how it has been possible for
toleration in the study of the worst writers—for
one or two men to examine and review the
there is at any rate the result of a discovery or an
immense mass of literature, critical and
illustration of some secret of badness; it heightens
the pleasure in the perusal of the best by transform-
descriptive, which bears upon the subject; to
ing a confused into a rational appreciation. I do
inspect personally not only all the principal
not think that keeping an eye on style ever inter pictures in Europe, whether in public or
fered with attention to matter in any competent private galleries, but also all the principal
writer; I am quite sure that it never interfered with illuminated manuscripts, engravings, minia-
that attention in any competent reader. Less ob-
tures, paintings on glass, mosaics, etchings, and
vious, more contestable in detail, far more difficult
even wood-cuts, which had connection with
of continuous observance than the technical excel-
the subject under treatment; and then, after
lences of verse, the technical excellences of prose
demand, if a less rare, a not less alert and vigorous
such patient and thorough examination and
exercise of mental power to produce or to appreciate criticism, to produce, as the result of their
them. Nor will any time spent in acquiring pleasant labors, a book of singular consistency and
and profitable learning be spent to much better clearness, admirable in systematic arrange-
advantage than the time necessary to master the ment, and containing in comparatively
principles and taste the expression of what has been
compact form all that the world in general
called, by a master of both, 'the other harmony of
needs to know about the painting of the Re-
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. | nascence.
It is not to be expected that such a book
--= == = =
will be interesting reading for those who read
simply for entertainment. To such, it would
THE PAINTING OF THE RENASCENCE.* certainly seem excessively dry and tedious.
The second volume of Woltmann and
Even for those who read to learn, the work
Woermann's History of Painting was pub-
will be chiefly valuable as a book of reference.
lished, in an English translation, shortly be-
It contains page after page of what is little
fore the Christmas holidays. The translation,
more than an enumeration of various artists,
by Clara Bell, is worthy of high praise; for
with the names of their chief pictures, and
while it is evidently very faithful to the
perhaps some little description of one or two
original, it is unusually free from German
of them. Of many of these artists, very few
idiom. The volume is a large one, containing
people know even the names; and the part of
over 650 pages, without counting the appen-
this book which describes these lesser men is
dixes; yet it has been considerably abridged
scarcely more interesting reading than a dic-
from the German original. It is not easy to see
tionary. Nor has the work that interest which
how further abridgment could be made with-
belongs to critical writings upon art, such as
out detracting from the value of the book,
Lessing's “Laocoön” or Ruskin's “Modern
which rests largely upon its remarkable com-
Painters.” In fact, there is very little criticism
pleteness. The style is forcible and thoroughly
in it. The authors' aim is to describe and
condensed, and there is scarcely a page in the
classify the artists and their works within the
entire volume which is not full of information
period of which they are treating, and thereby
derived from the most careful and conscientious
| trace the development of painting in the Re-
study.
nascence, from its beginning with the Van
No complaint, therefore, can be made about
Eycks and Masalino and Masaccio, with many
the great length of the work, especially when
another of lesser fame, to its culmination in
it is remembered that this volume deals
Dürer, Holbein, Raphael, Michael Angelo,
with the most important period in the entire
and the many other gifted painters who were
history of painting—the period of the Re-
contemporary with them. This aim is accom-
nascence which culminated in the glories of
plished in a truly scientific way, quite similar
Dürer and Holbein, of Raphael, Michael An-
to the manner of investigation followed by the
gelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Correggio, and
student of natural history who makes his col-
Titian. Volume after volume has been
lection of facts and phenomena as complete as
written about many of these great painters
he can in order that whatever theory may be
separately, yet enough can be found in this
thence evolved shall stand in the least possible
single work to supply any except the deepest
danger of being overthrown by some unfore-
students of art with sufficiently complete in-
seen exception. So rigorous an application of
formation about them all. Indeed, the work
the principles of modern scientific investiga-
as a whole is one of those marvellous products
tion is rarely found in a work upon painting.
of patient German scholarship which seem
The result is that this book must take its
place among the most valuable contributions
HISTORY OF PAINTING. Vol. II. The Painting of the which have ever been made to the literature
Renascence. From the German of the late Dr. A. Wolt.
of art.
mann and Dr. Karl Woermann, by Clara Bell. Illustrated.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
It is perhaps to be regretted that the work


326
THE DIAL
[April,
-
-- ---------
-
-- ---
could not have been made more interesting. sity transitional in its nature, always reaching
Dealing, as it does, with one of the most fasoina- forth to something higher. Michael Angelo,
ting themes which can engage the mind, the Raphael, Leonardo, Correggio and Titian, and
most wonderful pictures and some of the most their contemporaries, were rather as the per-
marvellous men the world has ever seen, it would fected flower of this growth, and can hardly be
seem natural to expect that at least some parts classed among the artists of the Renascence
of it should be full of charm. But this is not pure and simple. Hence the authors devote a
the case. If the authors felt any temptation separate book to these greatest men, which
to become merely interesting, they have suc they entitle the “Golden Age of Painting in
cessfully resisted it, and have maintained Italy.” The earlier part of the volume treats
throughout a severely repressed style, and a of the gradual progress of the Renascence in
most strict attention to hard though instructive Flanders, France, Holland, Germany, Spain
facts.
and Portugal, and Italy. The subject is
The chapter upon Michael Angelo is perhaps treated with the utmost detail in each country,
the most interesting, and certainly not the reference being made not only to all leading
least valuable. This artist is called “the pictures and many subordinate ones, but also
mightiest artist soul that has lived and worked to innumerable engravings, wood-cuts, illumi-
throughout the Christian ages." Few will nated manuscripts or miniatures (as they are
quarrel with this emphatic use of the super here called), mosaics, frescoes, and paintings
lative, unless, indeed, Mr. Ruskin should wish on glass,
to dispute the point. In further treating of The volume is illustrated with two hundred
Michael Angelo, it is said:
and ninety wood-cuts, selected with admirable
“No other has shown as he did that art must rise judgment to illustrate the gradual progress of
supreme above nature, or has lifted it to a higher art in the various countries. Some of these
level, reflecting truth in a purified ideal. His strong
| illustrations are thoroughly good, others are
and lofty subjectivity places him in marked contrast
quite inferior in execution; but on the whole
to Leonardo da Vinci, whose capacious and object-
ive mind embraces all creation, and at the same time
they form a most valuable addition to the book,
observes every minutest detail of inanimate nature.
and are of the greatest assistance to any
Michael Angelo saw only the grand total, never
student of art. It is safe to say that a careful
noting details. He studied man alone and for his study of this history of the Renascence paint-
own sake: even the story he has to tell is only a ing will give a clearer and better idea of what
secondary consideration; the structure and action the Renascence really was, how it originated
of the human frame is the first, and it was all-suffi-
and in what it culminated, than could be
cient in his hands. ..... To his contemporaries
obtained by the ordinary traveller not specially
bis power was irresistible, and to us he is still as
educated in matters of art, through visiting
fresh, as stupendous, and as unique as if we had
seen his dawn and rise."
and examining with all the care he could
These sentences are quoted because they
every one of the famous art galleries of
evidently express what was, in the authors'
Europe. WALTER CRANSTON LARNED.
opinion, the highest outcome of the principle
- - -- - - - ,
and practice of painting at the time of the
Renascence, and show wherein lay the secret POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART.*
of the imperishable glory which rests upon the
great works of that period.
Professor Raymond's book will repel those
As the authors very justly say in their intro-
who begin with the last chapter, but will fur-
nish much food for profitable thought touching
ductory chapter, the word “Renascence” has
no longer that narrow and limited meaning so
poetic criticism to those who accompany the
long borne by the French word Renaissance-
author from the beginning, as he goes
that is, a revival of antiquity. It was a “new
"sounding on
Through words and things, a dim and perilous way.”
birth of art, not of antiquity." Its wider sense
One is delighted with a text or a pretext for
has been thus well defined by Schnaase: “The
thinking upon so charming a subject, even
word bears more than one application. In its
though his reflections may be very different
first meaning it conveys the idea of that new
from those which the author intended to stimu-
birth of the art of the ancients, that revived
late. This book is not to be treated with
interest in their works and learning which did
disrespect; for, although the treatment is very
in fact mark this period, and was an essential
unequal, the style lumbering, and the thought
feature of the movement. But at the same
often far from conclusive, the work as a whole
time there was a Renascence in a deeper sense:
is honest and laborious. The author's hobby
a new birth of Nature; a resuscitation and
is implied in the title and set forth a hundred
restoration of Nature to the human soul.”
times in these pages, yet nowhere so well
The time of the Renascence proper was there-
fore a period of growth and the development *POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART. By Professor
of newly awakened energies, and was of neces-
George Lansing Raymond. New York: G. P. Putnam's
Sons.


1886.]
327
THE DIAL
summed up as in the words of Schopenhauer, ters. But its perusal should be accompanied
“All original thinking takes place in images," by that of Professor Gummere's recent “Hand-
if, only, for “ original” we read “poetic." book of Poetics,” a work less ambitious and
To let Professor Raymond speak for himself more exact and concentrated.
it is the primary aim of his treatise to show
that the poet is not exercising his legitimate
artistic functions “ when, instead of giving us
a picture of nature and man, as he finds them,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
he has begun to give us his own explanations MR. C. H. Ham's book on “Manual Training"
and theories concerning them.” Accordingly, (Harper) has afforded him an opportunity for the
pure poetry is, like Homer's, representative, extended treatment of a subject on which he has
The poet's reflective processes being suggested
written much for magazines and newspapers. The
by his images ; while all poetry in which
lesser, but much the better, portion of the work is
that in which he has given an account of the Chicago
“explanations and theories," or abstractions
Manual Training School, a worthy institution, which
of any kind, are in solution with the images,
Mr. Ham has been active in promoting, and whose
is “alloyed,” not pure. Thus, most of Brown workings he has made the subject of thorough ob-
ing's “ Řing and the Book,” for example, and servation and study. It is, he tells us, the only in-
much of Lowell's workmanship, is found to be I dependent institution of the kind in the world; all
alloyed. The author believes that this dis others being departments of colleges or institutes of
tinction furnishes an infallible touchstone of
technology. A dozen or more state universities
poetic values; and yet he admits that “a man
have departments of manual training, and it is a
regular branch of education in the public school
is more fortunate than most of his fellows,
systems of twelve or fifteen American cities. The
if among all his literary friends he finds one
distinction enjoyed by the Chicago school, as well
who really understands the difference between as its thoroughness of equipment and of methods,
the two." If, at the end of these three hun give it an especial interest, and its results are im-
dred and fifty pages, the reader is not yet portant to all educators and to the public. The
master of this distinction, the fact will be due glimpses which Mr. Ham shows us of the inner
to the author's infelicity of statement and
workings of this busy and successful institution
ambitious show of philosophic method, and not
are curious and instructive, and are made addi-
tionally attractive by a number of well-executed
to want of illustration or repetition.
engravings. If Mr. Ham had contented himself
The most satisfactory portion of the book is
with the modest but worthy task of setting forth
the first half, in which the author—who is the details of this interesting educational experi-
evidently a much better elocutionist than critic ment, it might have been better for him and for
-sticking to his last, shows how poetry is a the cause of manual training. He seems, however,
development, not of the dance as has been to have been carried away by visions of “an educa-
supposed, but of the intonation of natural
tional revolution” which is to afford “at once a
solution not only of the industrial question but of
speech. Every man has his habitual tune;
the social question." He wrote on these subjects, it
and in the cries of street-venders, the intona-
seems, for three years incessantly in the daily pa-
tions of priests and exhorters, etc., we perceive pers; and whatever influence he may have exercised
this tune cultivated and regularized. So it upon the public mind, the book is eloquent of the
was that, in the recitative of primitive story bad effects of this incessant journalizing upon Mr.
tellers, the natural inflexions and pauses of the Ham. As a contribution to the solution of educa-
voice came to be reduced to a system, and the
tional problems, in any broad or philosophical sense,
it might almost be called a monument of illogic,
necessity of breathing at longer or shorter
narrowness, and fatuous misconception. Many of
intervals produced the longer or shorter lines
the declarations would be ludicrous, were they not
or verses of poetry. If we accept this very
based on a misunderstanding so hopelessly perverse.
plausible theory, it would appear that “the The educational theories of the host of authori-
other harmony of prose," upon whose metrical ties, known and unknown, whom he cites, are
quality Mr. Saintsbury has lately been insist presented only in their narrowest utilitarian bear-
ing, contains in itself the “promise and po-
ings. All existing systems of education except his
tency” of the poetic art. Thus we may indulge
own are blandly referred to as “the old régime,"
and for manual training alone he employs the
in the pleasing assurance that, should all books
pleasing euphemism of "scientific education."
of poetry be destroyed and all poetical tradition
The school of manual training “is to other schools
obliterated, metrical forms would again be what the diamond is to other precious stones—the
developed from natural intonation, which is, last analysis of educational thought. It is the
as the author happily quotes from Herbert philosopher's stone in education," etc., etc. The
Spencer, “the commentary of the emotions only royal road to education must hereafter lie
upon the propositions of the intellect.”
through the blacksmith's shop ; no one must aspire
This book is cordially commended to the
to be truly cultured who cannot mortise a tenon or
fit a casting. “Tools are the highest text-books,"
class whom the author (as he pathetically con-
says Mr. Ham. “This is the practical age, and an
fesses) hoped to aid: namely, young writers educational system which is not practical is noth-
ignorant of poetic technique and consequently ing"; and to be “practical" an educational system
prone to imitate the weak points of the mas- I must prepare men for that stern iron age when there


328
[April,
THE DIAL
will be "little time to sentimentalize with the poets author in the imitation of style, which is one of the
or speculate with the philosophers.” It is difficult marked features of the book. We can also without
to treat with patience these crude and narrow much difficulty discern therein the views of Mr.
schemes for abrogating, in the name of education, Lang upon the latest developments of civilization.
all that to so many people gives life its chief | In the letter to Lucian we have the same feeling in
value. It is hardly probable that either Mr. Ham's almost passionate expression: “Ah, Lucian, we
book or manual training will revolutionize the edu have need of you, of your sense and of your mock-
cational systems of the world. He deserves credit ery! Here, where faith is sick, and superstition is
for his efforts to promote a useful and perhaps waking afresh; where gods come rarely, and spec-
neglected special branch of training; but it cannot tres appear at five shillings an interview; where
be benefited by such senseless and extravagant science is popular, and philosophy cries aloud in
laudations of machinery. A hobby, even of iron, the market-place, and clamour does duty for gov-
may suffer from overriding.
ernment, and Thais and Lais are names of power,
here, Lucian, is room and scope for you.” It is
MR. ANDREW LANG takes the public into his con-
difficult to characterize adequately this volume
fidence in a most amusing way by publishing a
without a more extended analysis than we can
series of letters ostensibly addressed to eminent
make. Its modest size certainly gives no indication
writers of the past. In these “ Letters to Dead
of the amount of delicate humor and gentle satire,
Authors ” (Scribner) he indulges in some good-na-
of keen criticism and penetrative insight, of wide
tured criticism, both of his contemporaries and of
sympathy and reverence where reverence is due, that
those whom he addresses. Surely no one has a
are contained within its covers. And in addition
better right than Mr. Lang to communicate famil-
to this, many of the letters, considered merely as
iarly with the spirits of Ronsard and Rabelais, of
reproductions of style, are veritable tours de force.
Theocritus, and Eusebius of Cæsarea. In his epistle
No one but the translator of Theocritus, we venture
to the latter, an account is given of the present
to say, could possibly have written the epistle to the
condition of comparative mythology; for now, as in
Sicilian singer; and few could have written the
letter to Herodotus, or that to Rabelais, already
the days of the Nicæan council, there is dispute con-
cerning the nature of the gods, and Mr. Lang has
quoted from, or the versified epistles to Pope, Byron,
elsewhere had much to say upon the contradictions
and Omar. Mr. Lang's genial little work will be
existing between the explainers of myths. “Muel-
long cherished by those who have once read it.
lerus, the most erudite of the doctors of the Ale-
DR. CHARLES C. ABBOTT, of New Jersey, is well
manni,” is the principal figure in this bit of half-
known in scientific circles as an able naturalist, with
serious pleasantry. Mr. Lang's familiarity with the
a rare faculty for investing the records of his obser-
earlier French literature enables him to address with
vations with a popular interest. He has for a number
some assurance such famous spirits as Molière, Ron-
of years been a valued contributor to scientific
sard, and Rabelais. The epistle to the last of these
magazines, and has meantime published several
three is perhaps the best of the whole collection.
books containing the fruits of serious and protracted
The coming of the Coqcigrues—an event which in
study in various fields of scientific inquiry. A vol-
the world of Rabelaisian fancy was to be expected
ume just from his hand, entitled “Upland and
when Nephelococcygia should be an approved fact
Meadow” (Harper), hints by its title at the broad
--becomes a stern reality for Pantagruel and his
range of his investigations. It is filled with a nat-
companions, in this chapter which Mr. Lang has
uralist's notes taken at all seasons of the year and
added to Rabelais. The dreaded Coqcigrues take
hours of the day, in the region, limited and yet
the form of a vast multitude, who surround the
illimitable, lying within an easy stroll from his own
jovial voyagers and ply them with all sorts of unin-
house-door. Dr. Abbott's observations are fresh and
telligible questions, such as: “Have ye Local Option
original. He speaks of no creature which he has
here? Have ye got religion? Have your women
not something new to tell about. With bird-life he is
folk votes?” Pantagruel's amazement at such queries
particularly conversant, and it is gratifying to know
may be imagined, and his still greater amazement
he does not gain this knowledge with gun in hand.
at the conduct of the strange and melancholy in-
He destroys neither birds nor nests to learn new
vaders, who, when they learn how graceless is the
facts in their history. After long watching, he
condition of their victims, fall “ some a weeping,
arrives at the conclusion that the female birds of
some a praying, some a swearing, some an arbitrat-
every species are exacting, obstinate, and tyrannical.
ing, some a lecturing, some a caucussing, some a
It is a depressing statement, yet the author remarks
faith-healing, some a miracle-working, some a hyp-
that this, with other such proofs of individuality,
notising, some a writing to the daily press." But
“are among the most convincing evidences of a high
they are soon discomfited, as Pantagruel bursts
degree of intelligence." Unravelling an old nest of
out in a great laughter, “for laughter killeth the
the grakle, Dr. Abbott counted 482 twigs and 204
whole race of Coqcigrues, and they may not endure
blades of grass which were woven into the struct-
it." And soon thereafter Pantagruel and the rest
ure. Placing a bunch of colored yarns within reach
set sail for the kingdom of Entelechy, where they
of a Baltimore oriole, building its domicile, the
abide to this day. “And thither the Coqcigrues
bird appropriated the gray threads only until its
can never come. For all the air of that land is full
nest was nearly finished, when a few purple and
of laughter, which killeth Coqcigrues; and there
blue threads were used. Not a red or yellow or
aboundeth the herb Pantagruelion. But for thee,
green strand was taken. A host of ingenious experi-
Master Françoys, thou art not well liked in this
| ments of a similar nature have been practiced by
island of ours, where the Coqcigrues are abundant,
the author, to test the instincts and habits of birds,
very fierce, cruel, and tyrannical. Yet thou hast thy
and with curious and amusing results. His book is
friends, that meet and drink to thee and wish thee
a treasury of novel observations in natural history,
well wheresoever thou hast found thy grand peut-
which scientists will prize not less than the untech-
étre.” These passages illustrate the facility of the
nical reader.


1886.]
329
THE DIAL
THE famous Egyptologist, George Ebers, is a warm
with great learning and ingenuity. His arguments
friend and admirer of Lorenz Alma Tadema, who are addressed to specialists in science by whom
is equally famous in the art-world. Mr. Tadema alone could their signal merits be properly appre-
is a Frieselander; but his student-life was spent in ciated.
Germany, and here we may suppose the intimacy THE volume in which Mr. Theodore Roosevelt
was contracted between the author and the painter, describes the “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman"
which has led the one to become the biographer of (Putnam) is one over which the lover of field sports
the other. Mr. Ebers undertook the duty hesitat will linger with delight. The artistic sense is sat-
ingly, as he relates, but he has fulfilled it in a spirit isfied with the elegant externals of the book. It
of enthusiasm, maintaining nevertheless a good deal is a luxury to handle a work in which the typogra-
of reserve in communicating the personal history of phy and engravings are of such exquisite finish.
his friend. His sketch is devoted rather to the pic Mr. Roosevelt is the owner of two ranches near
tures than the life of Mr. Tadema, yet from the Medora, Dakota, named respectively Elkhorn and
account of the former we are expected to divine Chimney Butte. Both are situated on the Little
the motive and tenor of the latter. Mr. Tadema Missouri river, in the great hunting-grounds of the
was born in the village of Dronrijp, in Leeuwarden, Northwest. The sportsman dwelling amid these
in 1836. The name Alma was adopted by him when favorable conditions has unsurpassed opportunities
a young artist, in order, as his biographer tells us, | for making himself master of the knowledge and
that he might avoid the place low down on the cata arts forming the craft of the hunter, Mr. Roosevelt
logue of picture exhibitions to which the initial of
writes with facility, varying his sketches with
his patronymic condemned him. He was reared by grave reflection, useful information, and piquant
a widowed mother, and after finishing his school anecdote. The opening chapter describes the gen-
studies entered the Art Academy at Antwerp. eral facts and incidents of ranching in the “Bad
In 1871 he removed to London. In his own country Lands,” after which the separate divisions of the
(Holland) Mr. Tadema has met with a singular lack work detail the events and results of the author's
of appreciation, never having received the smallest pursuit of the wild game of the region, the water
commission from the king, the government, or any fowl and land birds, the black deer, mountain sheep,
art institute, nor earning there more than a thousand buffalo, elk, bear, and smaller animals. Our best
florins by his painting down to the year 1880. In artists and engravers, including Frost, Gifford,
London he speedily gained fame and wealth, and Beard, Closson, and Dana, have been employed to
his residence at Townshend House is one of the illustrate the text, and their designs are true to the
most elegant and artistic in that region of palaces. scenes and objects they represent. Among the
These are the chief particulars of the brief life of plates are some of the finest examples of work with
one whom the critics pronounce a great artist, and the pencil and burin which have adorned an American
whom his biographer portrays as an eminently noble book.
man. The biography is translated from the German
by Mary J. Safford, and published by W. S. Gotts-
MR. Myers's “Outlines of Mediæval and Modern
berger.
History" (Ginn & Co.) is without doubt the best
compendium of modern history with which we are
THE OBJECTIONS urged conspicuously against the acquainted. There is no aim at completeness, and
theory of secular changes of climate, advanced by it is not a book which will serve for purposes of
Dr. Croll in his work “Climate and Time," have reference: but it is for this very reason that he
induced the author to take up his pen in their de eliminates unessential parts of history, as well as
fence. The series of “Discussions on Climate and unessential details—that the author has been able to
Cosmology,” thus evoked, appearing first in the make an interesting, intelligible book in very mod-
“Philosophical Magazine,” are now preserved in erate compass. Most writers of historical compen-
book form and presented to the American public diums fail by their inability to see just what is
by Appleton & Co. The chief critics on whom Dr. essential and what not, or their unwillingness to omit
Croll bestows attention are Professor Newcomb and anything but the merest trities. By having the cour-
Alfred Russell Wallace; although it is to be said age to omit really important things because they are
of the latter that our author differs from him only not essential to his plan, Mr. Myers has succeeded
in some minor particulars of his proposition. While where others have failed. The selections made may
answering the objections of his opponents, Dr. Croll of course be criticised in detail-we, for example,
takes occasion to elaborate more fully the principles should have considered English history in the eight-
of the hypothesis he has projected. It is his belief eenth century as more essential than the conquest of
that the secular changes in the climate of the globe Mexico and Peru; but this is a matter of judgment, in
are to be referred to the slow and quiet action of which everybody is entitled to his own opinion. As
the forces of nature instead of to any great caty to the wisdom of the method, we have no question.
clism, to a change in the eccentricity of the earth's Mr. Myers is eminently sound in his historical judg-
orbit, or to a variation in the position of the earth's ments, and we seldom find occasion to differ from
axis of rotation. He argues that life began on the him. We lay less stress than he does upon differ-
earth at a period far more than forty millions of ences of race; e. g., in relation to the Reformation
years ago, and that during eons of time previously (p. 378). A book like this, in which one reads page
the work of chiselling its surface and preparing it after page without meeting unfamiliar names or
for habitation had been going on. He accounts dates, would be benefited by marginal dates, chro-
for the glacial epoch, as for the milder temperature nological tables, and by having lists of kings in the
which has prevailed in polar regions in geologic form of genealogical tables, which would not occupy
ages, by the increase and diminution of the volume much more space than where (as in p. 278) they are
and heat of the warm ocean currents. These and given in a simple list. There are a number of good
other hypotheses connected with obscure and difficult maps, reproduced from those in Freeman's Histor-
questions in climatology are debated by Dr. Croll | ical Geography of Europe.


330
[April,
THE DIAL
-
“ALL men, all churches, all parties, all philoso- of Constantinople (1453), and ends with the treaty
phies, and even the other sect of our own church, 1 of Berlin (1878)—two decisive epochs in the history
are perpetually in the wrong. Buy me, and listen of the Ottoman Empire. Mr. Lodge's treatment is
to me, and you will always be in the right." In very satisfactory every way. The chapters, of a
Mr. Lang's new “Auction of Philosophers," a frag- moderate length, are so arranged as to present by
ment of which appears in the “Letters to Dead their subjects a tolerably complete view of the con-
Authors," these words are put into the mouth of Mr. nection of events with one another; and, indeed,
Frederic Harrison. This gentleman is usually more the connection of events, and the relation of cause
positive than the positivists, and certainly would and effect, form a prominent characteristic of the
have been forced to invent the term had he not | book. Incident and detail of narrative receive less
found it already made by his French master. This space; and while the style is good, and the interest
idiosyncrasy does not, however, prevent him from well sustained, the book will be less acceptable to
being interesting, whatever the subject upon which those who read merely for entertainment, than to
he chooses to discourse; and his contributions to those who read for instruction. There is a copious
periodical literature during the past score of years chronological table, and an index.
were worth collecting into a volume. This volume
takes its title from the principal essay which it con IF Professor Blackie undertook in two short lec-
tains, and is called “The Choice of Books and Other tures to give a complete answer to the question
Literary Pieces" (Macmillan & Co.). These pieces “What Does History Teach?" (Scribner), we should
are not all reprinted matter, the greater part of the consider his undertaking to show more courage than
paper on books, and the entire paper on St. Bernard, discretion. For history teaches a multitude of
being published for the first time. The others are things, and in a multitude of ways,-far in amount
mostly taken from the “Nineteenth Century,” the beyond what can be ever summed up in a book of
“Fortnightly," and the North American Review." this size. But the scope of this work is really very
The essay on the “Choice of Books" comes at a limited, and the question receives a very adequate
time when the subject is up for general discussion, answer within this limited range. It is to the two
and offers a good deal of sound doctrine to readers fundamental institutions of society, the State and
who have been confused by the diversity of recent the Church, that the discussion is confined; and in
opinions as to the best reading. Mr. Harrison's | regard to these we have an admirable statement of
positivism upon this and other subjects is certainly what are the best results of historical study. The
contagious, and his versatility is no less remarkable book can be read in a very short time, and the reader
than the ability with which he presents his opinions. cannot fail to derive from it clearer and more intel-
ligent ideas upon these topics.
IN M. Compayre's “History of Pedagogy" (D, C.
Heath & Co.) we have a well-arranged and trust A NINTH EDITION of the late Mr. Richard Grant
worthy account of the great educators of the past, White's "Words and their Uses" has been issued
together with their environment and personal in cheaper form for school use, by Messrs. Hough-
characteristics. Any extended discussion of the ton, Milfin & Co. Criticism of this very popular,
philosophy of education, or of theories regarding and considering its subject) really fascinating
education for the future, is not attempted in this work, would be, of course, at this date, superfluous.
work. Considering the limits the author has We may venture the observation that, in view of
imposed upon himself, the volume is worthy hearty the fact that a number of the locutions here vigor-
commendation. For relative completeness and ously condemned are in good use and have been
interest of exposition, we know of nothing better ably defended, this work might as a text-book
of its kind; and students of education will find it a prove a stumbling-block to some teachers and to
valuable addition to their resources. One has only many pupils. Doubtless the lamented author him-
to turn to the chapters on Pestalozzi and Froebel, | self would have subjected it to searching revision
to find valuable accounts of influences now so before offering it as a text-book. Under the guid-
potent in the educational world. M. Compayre is in ance of a competent instructor, the study of it
the main a wise and conservative critic. While would probably be as useful as it would certainly
fully alive to the large results attained in modern be interesting.
times by the cultivation of the physical sciences,
and with eyes open to the fine realization promised A THOUGHTFUL, intelligent essay on “Etching in
by the evolutionists, he has yet his cautions to America,” by J. R. W. Hitchcock, comes from the
offer, and has an appreciation of the defects in the press of White, Stokes, & Allen. It reviews the
schemes of Spencer, Bain, and kindred thinkers. growth of the art in this country from its beginning
The translator, Mr. W. H. Payne, has discharged in 1790, when Mr. W. S. Baker etched a portrait of
his task well, both in the manner of transferring Washington, which was declared one of the most
M. Compayre's text to the vernacular, and in his faithful likenesses ever caught of the distinguished
annotations, which are altogether too few and brief. subject. Of the recent revival of etching, the work
speaks candidly and appreciatively, noting the
A NEW volume of the “Student's Series" of his-, artists who have practiced it with most success, and
tories (Harper) is “Modern Europe," by Richard the effect it has had in refining the public taste.
Lodge, of Brasenose College, Oxford. It will be There is no distinct school of etching, as there is no
found a very useful book, covering ground that is school of painting, in America; but, as Mr. Hitch-
occupied by no other work of this character with cock states, there has been a surprising quantity of
which we are acquainted. Mr. Yonge's "Three good work done, and much which has secured
Centuries of Modern History" omits just that pe- , recognition in Europe. It rests with our artists to
riod, the nineteenth century, which is most needed, maintain the rank of pure etching in America, and
and most difficult to get; while Mr. Lodge begins to create a demand for it which shall be at once an
where modern history properly begins, with the fall | inspiration and reward. The present work is admir-


1886.]
331
THE DIAL
ably adapted to serve a popular demand for infor-
mation in this favorite branch of graphic art.
MR. GEORGE P. Upron's little volume upon
“Woman in Music” (A. C. McClurg & Co.) is a
revised and enlarged edition of his work upon the
same subject published a few years ago, and checked
in its circulation by a fire in which the plates were
destroyed. It consists of three parts: first, an essay
upon the general subject of the capacity of woman
for the composition of music, and a thoughtful anal-
ysis of the conditions which have operated to pre-
vent her attainment of eminence in that field of art;
second, an account of those passages in the lives of
the German composers devoted to their relations
with women; and, third, a discussion of the inter-
pretation of music by women. The outcome of the
three parts together seems to be that, although the
great composers have all been men, we yet indirectly
owe very much to the influence and inspiration of
the women with whom they have been associated,
while in the interpretation of music women have
always more than held their own as against the
stronger sex. An appendix gives lists of the most
noted compositions by women, and also of those
numerous compositions which have been dedicated
to women by their composers. It is needless to say
that Mr. Upton's work is accurate, scholarly, and
genial. He is one of the few writers upon musical
subjects who avoid the extravagance to which these
subjects tempt.
ONE not familiar with the life-work of the late
Prof. Lewis R. Packard would gain little conception
of it from the papers left by him and just published
under the title of “Studies in Greek Thought”
(Ginn & Co.). Throughout the twenty-five years of
his connection with Yale College, his genial nature,
his profound and accurate scholarship, his refined
literary taste, and his untiring energy in the prose-
cution of his work even while battling against the
inroads of disease, made him a moulding power in
the life and thought of the institution. Though he
wrote little for the public, his influence as an inspir-
ing force in classical scholarship was felt far and
wide beyond the bounds of the college with which
he was connected. Of the seven essays in the vol-
ume before us, only the first two, on “Religion and
Morality of the Greeks” and “Plato's Arguments
in the Phado on the Immortality of the Soul” re-
ceived final revision by the author; but the remain-
ing five, on “Plato's System of Education in the
Republic," the Ellipus Rex, Ellipus at Kolonas, and
Antigone of Sophocles, and “The Beginning of a
Written Literature among the Greeks,” are less
fragmentary than one might have expected. The
papers are all suggestive, and popular rather than
erudite. The first one is the most valuable, and
more nearly than the others does justice to the
ability and scholarship of the author.
less note. The extreme views of the author on the
interpretation of myths do not manifest themselves
so frequently as in the first volume; the principles
of historical criticism are for the most part soundly
and judiciously applied. The style is clear and
incisive, as in the author's admirable “History of
Greece," to which the “Lives" form a fitting supple-
ment.
Miss ELLEN H. RICHARDS's little treatise on “Food
Materials and their Adulterations,” (Estes & Lauriat)
is intended for use in schools and in the household;
and in either place it has an important mission to
fulfill. The author states justly that the morale of
a people rests upon wholesome food, and that it is
the duty of the state, as well as of teachers and
housekeepers, to prevent the manufacture, sale and
consumption of inferior and adulterated articles of
diet. This can be accomplished on the part of
government by the enforcement of proper laws, on
the part of teachers by the introduction of the
science of domestic economy into our schools, and
on the part of housekeepers by guarding vigilantly
against the use of impure foods. It is time, as the
author remarks, for a general awakening on the
subject; and she has done what she might to quicken
interest in it by the production of a manual which,
in the briefest compass, indicates the appearance
and constituents of our various foods and drinks
when in prime condition and the simplest tests for
detecting their adulteration. It also furnishes
invaluable hints regarding economy in the provision
of food, designating those which are most nutricious
and consequently the cheapest. Miss Richards, it
may be added, is a practical chemist, and has for
years been engaged in the laboratory examination
of food materials.
THE recent outbreak of the Chiricahua Apaches in
our southwestern territories has afforded a timely
opportunity for the reproduction of the history of
"An Apache Campaign," by Captain John G.
Bourke, which was published originally in the
“Outing" Magazine, and is now put into book
form by Scribner's Sons. It rehearses the incidents
of the expedition in pursuit of the hostile bands of
this tribe, which was conducted with such swift
success by General Crook in the spring of 1883. The
account is written in vivid style by an officer who took
part in the campaign, and who uses his pen with sol-
dierly force and directness. It is a chapter worth
preserving in the history of our conflicts with the
aborigine, which have been incessant, perplexing,
and costly. The interest of the narrative is en-
hanced by the pictures presented of the character
and habits of a peculiarly fierce and unmanageable
tribe.
LUCY M. SALMON's “ History of the Appointing
Power of the President," the latest issue of “ Papers
of the American Historical Association," is an essay
of great ability and thorough historical research.
It is somewhat startling to see a lady's name
attached as author to a paper of this character ;
for the style and treatment of the subject are thor-
oughly masculine, as well as masterly. The writer's
familiarity with and use of public documents, and
the contemporary literature relating to her subject,
are remarkable. The publication of the paper is
timely, as it discusses the topics concerning which
the United States Senate is now in controversy with
the President.
In the second volume of his “Lives of Greek
Statesmen” (Harper) as in the first, Mr. Cox aims
to study the political history and institutions of
Greece through her representative men. The work
might be described under the characterization,
" philosophical biography." The period dealt with
in this volume is that of the great struggle between
Athens and Sparta; as prominent figures in the pol-
itics of the time, Kimon, Perikles, Kleon, Brasidas,
and Nikias, are brought before us, with others of


332
[April,
THE DIAL
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
MR. HENRY STEVENS, F.S. A., who died recently
in London, at the age of sixty-seven, was one of the
most widely-known bibliophiles of his age. He was
a native of Vermont-G. M. B. (“Green Mountain
Boy'') being his favorite title,-and a graduate of
Yale College in 1843. He went to London, and for
many years bought the American books for the
British Museum; in time building up for that insti-
tution an unequalled collection of these works. He
made many other fine collections, among which
were the Franklin manuscripts which he sold to the
American government. He made original investi-
gations and left a number of published works;
among them “Historical Nuggets,” “Rare Books
Relating to America,” “Notes on the Earliest Dis-
coveries Relating to America,” and the more recent
" Who Spoils Our Books?" Mr. Stevens was an
eccentric man, but greatly esteemed for his judg-
ment, knowledge, and genial character,
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
APRIL, 1886.
MR. MARTIN F. TUPPER's memoirs are to be pub-
lished in London this spring, with the title, “My
Life as an Author.”
A NEW novel by Octave Feuillet, entitled “La
Morte,” has been translated by Mr. J. H, Hager for
early publication by Appleton & Co,
MR. GEORGE J. COOMBES announces a series of
“Books for the Bibliophile,” of which Andrew
Lang's “Books and Bookmen” will be the first,
followed by “The Pleasures of a Bookworm," by
J. Rogers Lees.
COUNT TOLSTOI's “Anna Karenina,” translated
from the Russian by Nathan Haskell Dole, will be
issued immediately by Thos. Y. Crowell & Co.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT Co. announce for immediate
publication a new novel by Capt. Charles King,
author of “ The Colonel's Daughter," etc. Also,
“Court Royal," a story of cross currents, by S.
Baring-Gould; and “In a Grass Country," a story
of love and sport, by Mrs. H. Lovett Cameron,
THE “Student's Kent,” an Abridgment of Chan-
cellor Kent's Commentaries on American Law,
published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., is edited by
Eben Francis Thompson, with an introduction by
the Hon. T. L. Nelson of the United States District
Court. It aims to give the Commentaries in a con-
cise form adapted for the student of to-day,
The new "Index to Harper's Magazine,” prepared
by Mr. C. A. Durfee, is an admirable piece of biblio-
graphical work. It includes volumes one to seventy
-- ten more than the previous index,—and has
marked improvements in mechanical arrangement
and in classification. The Index gives a new value
to the sets of this favorite magazine.
THE “Memorial of the Life and Genius of George
Fuller,” to which Mr. Howells, Mr. Whittier and
others contribute, is to contain some superb engrav-
ings after Mr. Fuller's pictures. The net proceeds
of the sale of this book, which is limited to three
hundred copies, will be given to Mrs. Fuller. It
will be published early in April, by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.
A PLEASING variation from the common Easter
card has been designed by Miss Irene E. Jerome, in
“The Message of the Bluebird” (Lee and Shepard).
There are some excellent tree-forms defined in the
sketches of Miss Jerome, and there is a generally
winsome look characterizing each page of mingled
pencilling and poesy. The portrait of the blue-bird
provokes a little criticism. It resembles more nearly
a song-sparrow in outline and attitude. The orni-
thologist does not regard the bluc-bird as a singer,
sweet as are its soft broken warblings.
Mr. R. R. BowKER, who has done much practical
work in the interests of international copyright, is
preparing for early publication a volume on “ Copy-
right, Its Law and Literature,” which will contain
a comprehensive study of the history, principles and
law of the subject, in the United States, England
and other countries, together with the copyright
laws of the United States and those of Great
Britain ; a bibliography of literary property, giving a
key to the entire literature of copyright ; and the
memorial of American authors in behalf of interna-
tional copyright, with fac-simile signatures of more
than a hundred leading writers.
“ Alabama" and "Kearsarge." J. M. Browne. Century.
* Alabama," Cruise and Combats of. M. Kell. Centuri.
* Alabama,"Life on. P. D. Haywood, Century.
America, Winsor's History of. W.F. Poole. Dial.
Amiel's Journal, H. N. Powers. Dial.
Arctic Journal, An. Mrs. L. M. Pavy. No. Am. Review.
Author. An Accidental. Joel Chandler Harris. Lippincott.
Blood Covenanting and Atonement. Andover Review.
Blue Pasture Mountain. Alfred E. Lee. Mag. Am. Hist.
Botany as a Recreation for Invalids. Pop. Sci. Monthlu.
Boys on Sunday. Elizabeth C. Stanton. Forum.
Calaveras, Reminiscences of. Overland.
Canada, Consolidation of. Watson Griffin. Mag. Am. His.
Canada, French Problem in. Popular Science Monthly.
Catholics, What They Want. T. S. Preston, Forum.
CattleRaising. Frank Wilkeson. Harper's.
Chancellorsville. Wm. H. Mills. Mag. Am. History.
Charity, Reformation in. D. 0. Kellogg. Atlantic.
Child and State, The. D. D. Field. Forum.
Children, Past and Present. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
Chinese Question, The Overland.
Christianity and Popular Education, W. Gladden. Cent.
Church, The Ideal. David Swing. Forum.
Cities, Overcrowding in. Prosper Bender. Mag. Am. Hist.
Civil Service Reform, a Postmaster's Experience. Harper.
Creation and Worship. W. E. Gladstone. Pop. Sci. Month.
“Didache," and Other Writings. Andover Review.
Dog-, Toy. James Watson. Century.
Earthquakes in Central America. Popular Science Monthly.
Education, My. T. W. Higginson. Forum.
Eight hour System. George Gunton. Forum.
English Prose Style. M. B. Anderson. Dial.
Evolution. Organic. Herbert Spencer. Pop, Sci. Monthly.
Florida. Gail Hamilton. Forum.
French Illustrations. Atlantic.
Gambetta's Electoral Tour. North American Review.
Gladstone and Genesis. T. H. Huxley. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
Government Under the Constitution. W. Wilson, Allantic
Grant Memorial, The. Century.
Hancock, General. W. L. Keese. Magazine Am. History.
Hand. Work of School Children. Popular Science Monthly.
Historical Methods. Atlantic.
Huygens, Christian. Popular Science Monthly.
India, English Rule in North American Review.
Interviewer, The. 0. B. Frothing ham. Forum.
Italy from a Tricycle. Elizabeth R. Pennell. Oentury.
kansas, Progress of. John A. Martin. No. Am. Review.
Labor Question, Employer's View of. A. Carnegie. Forum.
Literary Autobiography. Julian Hawthorne. Lippincott.
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Man-like Apes. R. Hartmann. Pop. Sci. Monthly.
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National Museum, Geins of the. Popular Science Monthly.
Negro in the South, The. Noah K. Davis, Forum.
Neapolitan Sketches. Mary E. Vandyne. Harper's.
ate of Connecticut. N. H. Egleston. Mag. Am. Hist.
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Painting of the Renascence. W. L. Larned. Dial.
Pigeons. F. Satterthwaite. Harper's.
Poetry as a Representative Art. Dial.
Religious Reform in Italy. W.C. Langdon. Andover Rev.
Rhode Island, Constitutional Reform in, No. Am, Revier.
Rufus King, Vindication of. Charles King. Century.


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“Scarlet Letter," Problems of. Julian Hawthorne. Atlant.
Scores and Tallies. Grant Allen. Lippincott.
Shiloh, First Day's Battle at. W.F. Smith. Mag. Am. Hist.
Ships. Phil. Robinson. Harper's.
Shylock vs. Antonio. C. II. Phelps. Atlantic.
Spiritual Problem of a Manufacturing Town. Andover.
Strikes, Lockouts and Arbitration. Geo. M. Powell. Oent.
Teeth of the Coming Man. Oscar Schmidt. Pop. Sci. Mo.
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University of Virginia, Elective System of. Andover.
Whipping-Post, The. Lewis Hocheiiner. Pop. Sci. Month.
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-------
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334
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Index to Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Alpha.
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338-
THE DIAL
[April, 1886.
WE TWO.
in Novels of High Character. WHEN DOCTORS DISAGREE.
IN4.
I.
withe 2000 NOVAN: MARGARET KENT.
* MODERN ENGLISHMAN.
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A NOVEL.
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3Y EDNA LYALL.
that are lofty. The book is uplifting. .... It is
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in conception, thoroughly healthy in tone."--London
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Academy.
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II.
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A NOVEL.
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BY EDNA LYALL.
cinated by her, feels with her in her joy, throbs
Author of “Donovan."
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thoughtful book demands and deserves."-London Spectator. “The story is neither very good in itself, nor very
"A work of deep thought and much power. Serious as
it is, it is now and then brightened by rays of genuine well told. The author must try again if he would
humor. Altogether this story is more and better than a succeed."
novel.”- London Post.
“ Distinctly independent and powerful." - British But the Boston Journal says:
Quarterly Review.
12mo, bound in cloth, price of each work, $1.50.
“With the skill of an experienced writer the author
D. APPLETON & CO.,
uses the bric-a-brac of society only as a background
of the really wonderful character sketch of Margaret
Publishers, NEW YORK.
Kent. ... The novel is thrilling with strong,
THE
healthy feeling, unusually marked with spontaneity
and naturalness."
And LILIAN Whiting says, in the Boston
FOR APRIL.
Traveller:
HIGHLY IMPORTANT NUMBER.
“Not to know Margaret Kent is to argue one's
self unknown. Ticknor & Co. have never pub-
HERBERT SPENCER ON “THE FACTORS OF lished a novel that made so electric a success as this."
ORGANIC EVOLUTION”-A PAPER ON
And the Christian Register says:
NATURAL SELECTION AND CHARLES
“Margaret Kent is so beautiful that one dreams
DARWIN.
of her after only reading about her. Margaret is
PROFESSOR HUXLEY ON “MR. GLADSTONE
the loadstone of the book, and few novelists of
AND GENESIS” – PROFESSOR HENRY
DRUMMOND'S COMMENTS THEREON-MR.
recent days have drawn a purer ideal.”
GLADSTONE'S FIRST ARTICLE REPRINT And The Beacon says:
ED IN A SUPPLEMENT.
"The story of Margaret Kent is a book worth
DAVID A. WELLS IN “AN ECONOMIC STUDY reading; it is worth more than that-it is worth
OF MEXICO."
studying, remembering, and learning from."
Other papers of great interest are:
And the Transcript says:
“The External Form of the Man-Like Apes," by "There is in the social setting a human life, deep
Professor Hartmann ;The Teeth of the Com- and stirring, beautiful and real, which holds our
ing Man," by Dr. Oscar Schmidt;—“Botany as interest, sympathy and admiration.”
a Recreation for Invalids,” by Miss E. F. An-
And the Chicago Inter Ocean says:
drews;—“The French Problem in Canada," by
“In its brilliancy of touch, vivid delineation of
George H. Clarke ;-“The Hand-Work of
character and realistic truth, The Story of Margaret
School-Children,” by Rebecca D. Rickoff;-
“ Earthquakes in Central America," by M. de
| Kent'is one of the greatest novels of the day."
Montessus;-“The Gems of the National Muse-
MORAL:
um," by George F. Kunz;--"Tie Whipping-
Post,” by Lewis Hochheimer, c*c. etc.
Price, 50 cents Single Number; $5.00 np Annum. *For sale by booksellers. Sent, post-paid, on receint of
price ($1.50) by the publishers,
POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY
Buy the book, and judge for yourself.
D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, TICKNOR & CO. BOSTON
NEW YORK.
THE JNO. B. JEFAT
NTING CO., 169 AND 161 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO.















JAN 301889
MAY 26 1890 NOV 271894
MAR 211891 STALL-STUDY
DEC 4. CHARGE
MAY 21 169 NOV 4 1396
NOV 281891 NOV 240R
any 1897
DEC.7 1898.
DEC 1.91891
MAY 14.1902
DEC 19.1801
OCT 341592
DEC 7.
Nov 2100
APR.
1804
NOV 29184
NOV 24 1906