over it, An account of these events occupies a considerable
while a few have found in it matter for more serious portion of her book.
consideration. By some, its popularity is attributed
to Mark Twain's notice of it in "The Century.” It THE address of Mr. Henry Hitchcock, an eminent
is even supposed he is the real author of the work. lawyer of St. Louis, before the State Bar associa-
It claims, however, to be a genuine collection of tion of New York, in January last, upon the sub-
answers given by pupils in the public schools to ject of “ American State Constitutions,” is fittingly
examination questions; and those who are best published in the series entitled “Questions of the
acquainted with ordinary school work seem little Day" (Putnam). Mr. Hitchcock makes a study of
disposed to doubt this claim. Most of them see in the growth of the constitutions of the several
it merely an amusing illustration of the folly of States, and traces in detail their development in
attempting to teach – words without knowledge" various directions, finding therein an index to the
and imagining that that is education. There have more important and permanent changes in the
been no lack of serious protests against the false political thought of the people. The disposition
system of making pupils memorize language from toward change, and the modes adopted therefor;
books which are beyond their comprehension, and the new principles introduced into the funda-
of requiring them to go through trains of reasoning mental law as a result of the civil war; the tenden-
which must be merely mechanical. The mission of cies at different periods in respect to educational,
this little book is to show the inevitable result of property, and other qualifications for suffrage;
such teaching, and it is to be hoped it will laugh variations in the limitations imposed upon the
many out of this unphilosophical and absurd man legislative power in respect to special legislation
ner of procedure. Those teachers who understand and kindred matters, and the great change from an
the true meaning of the word education will have appointive to an elective judiciary, are among the
little fear of **English as She is Taught.” The subjects of constitutional regulation whose devel-
matter it contains is no revelation to them. They opment is specially noted. Every student of our
are familiar enough with similar instances of the institutions, whether statesman, lawyer, or political
intelligence of pupils; but, thus brought together economist, will find his own studies assisted by
in a collection, these examples have an effect which those presented in this monograph.
they did not have before. Some of them are cer-
tainly amusing enough to make it little wonder THE publishers of the historical series of “Stories
they have been ascribed to Mark Twain. We make of the Nations" (Putnam) did wisely in entrusting
room for a few choice ones:
the volume devoted to “ The Story of Alexander's
“Person in grammar tells us whether he is a man or a Empire" to the able hands of Dr. J. P. Mahaffy, a
woman. It is always an animal or something that isent classical scholar whose various books upon Greek
alive."
history and literature attest his profound knowl-
“ Capital letters begin at breviation."
edge of these subjects and his rare capacity for
“Capillary attraction is the attraction between hair.
communicating it. He has a complicated topic to
A person's hair is affected by fright. The hair of some
elucidate in the present work--the destiny of the
animals is attracted by lightening."
“Lycurgus was so strict he turned all the women into
different portions of the vast empire which Alexan-
men-they were bold and corageous."
der welded together during the brief period of his
career, which quickly fell apart again after his
Miss PARRY, the author of “Life Among the death. The author traces the process of disinte-
Germans" (Lothrop), was a student of “Wissen- gration in a manner that renders it clear and intelli-
chaft," or, in English terms, of the German methods gent to the careful reader. A most important part
of instruction, in the Victoria Lyceum in Berlin. of Dr. Mahaffy's purpose is to show the influence
Her first home was in a pension, from which she l of Hellenic ideas upon the nations which Alex-


46
[June,
THE DIAL
ander subjected to his rule, and likewise upon
Rome when at last Greece came in turn under her
sway. Covering the comparatively obscure period
from 334 to 168 B. C., it throws light upon many
incidents of the time not easily understood, whose
effect upon the progress of civilization was pro-
found and far-reaching.
Y” or “The Legend of Tchi-Nin." The two last
are “ The Tradition of the Tea-plant" (on the whole
the least satisfactory in the book), and "The Tale
of the Porcelain-God," which contains a description
and classification of the different kinds of porcelain,
which-if correctly done-must be not only inter-
esting but valuable to lovers of ceramics.
A HALF-DOZEN short stories by the lamented
writer Helen Jackson (H. H.) have been brought
together by Roberts Brothers under the pertinent
title “Between Whiles." Mrs. Jackson wrote with
as much spontaneity as vigor, and 8 tale or
sketch was a trifling work to her. The first in the
present collection is an unfinished story, which the
author had conceived as part of a larger work to be
named “Elspeth Pyneror," but which, unhappily,
she had only time to outline. A characteristic
which allies it with several of the most impressive
of the “Saxe Holme" stories is the insertion of
original poems in the prose getting-a feature as
distinctive as the autograph of the author. The two
following stories, “The Mystery of Wilhelm Rütter"
and “Little Bel's Supplement," are marked by the
passion and the pathos which are preēminent in the
best writings of Mrs. Jackson in every department.
Into the remaining stories she has infused much less
of her natural force and individuality.
THE “Epochs of Church History," edited by
Rev. Mandell Creighton and published by Ran.
dolph, contains now five volumes, all of them hav.
ing reference to the religious history of England,
although the volumes announced as in preparation
cover the entire field of ecclesiastical history. The
last volume published is ** A History of the Univer.
sity of Oxford," by Hon. G. C. Brodrick. It is
hard to see by what right a narrative covering six
or seven hundred years can be called an “Epoch";
but the word has well-nigh lost its signification in
the several “Epoche series," and this verbal criti.
cism is all the fault we have to find with the book.
These are small books—the present contains 235
pages in 19 chapters-designed for the wants of
general readers, embodying the results of much
recent scholarship in a compendious and readable
form. The interesting beginnings of this univer.
sity-cleared of its mythical elements-the organ-
ization of medieval universities in general, and so on
down to the tractarian movement of 1833 and the
university reforın of 1854,-all these subjects will
be found treated clearly and in an interesting man.
ner, and with as much fulness of detail as is neces.
sary.
THE “Epochs of History " series (Scribner) has
received a new volume in "The Early Tudors" by
C. E. Moberly. Coming between Mr. Gairdner's
** Houses of Lancaster and York" and Mr. Creigh-
ton's "* Age of Elizabeth," it might have been ex-
pected that it would fill the entire gap between
These two periods. This is not, however, the case.
It is confined to Henry VII. and Henry VIII., so that
the reigns of Edward and Mary are left untouched.
This is a defect of the scheme; the corresponding
advantage is that a series of years and a group of
events can be in this way strongly individualized,
and its distinctive characteristics brought clearly
out. The reign of Henry VII. and the early part of
that of Henry VIII. form an epoch of this character,
peculiarly adapted to be treated as a unit, in many
points of view; while on the other hand the last
part of the reign of Henry VIII. opens an entirely
new chapter of history, and would properly be
joined with those of his two children, to form the
subject of a volume intermediate between this and
that which treats of Queen Elizabeth.
MINS WARD's sketch of the life and works of
Dante (Roberts) is a scholarly piece of work, in
which the figure of the great poet who sprang up
in the dawn of Italian literature is defined strongly
and accurately amid his surroundings. His career
is inseparably interwoven with the history of his
times; and the story of his life includes that of
Florence, which claims him as one of the foremost
of her many illustrious sons, of the contents of the
Guelfs and the Ghibellines, of the rivalries and
intrigues of Emperors and Popes, of Lucca, Pisa,
and Verona, which afforded the exile shelter during
his long period of wandering, and of Ravenna,
where the last two years of his sorrowful life were
passed. An analysis of Dante's writings follows
his biography. The author has made a careful study
of all that pertains to Dante in the literature which
has grown out of his life and works, and at the
close of her essay appends a bibliography of the
most valuable books relating to the subject in the
English, Italian, French, and German tongues.
MR. HEARN'S ** Chinese Ghosts" (Roberts) is not
a book of the ordinary folk-lore type. The super.
natural element, present in all of them, and per.
vading the story although in no obtrusive or con
spicuous way, consists, as the name implies, in the
action of spirits or gods, not of the petty beings
who supply the machinery of fairy tales. There
is nothing grotesque in the stories, but a certain
pensiveness of tone, which is very charting. The
stories do not appear to be translations, but rather
adaptations, and an appendix explains the allusions
and gives the authorities. There is also a glossary.
There are only six of these stories, and we hesitate
whether to give the palm to * The Story of Ming
MR. LACRENCE OLIPHANT has been an indus-
trious writer for at least forty years, and more
interesting books are not often found than those in
which he has related his experiences in strange
parts of the world. His ** Episodes in a Life of
Adventure" (Harpers) is a collection of sketches of
the more interesting of the many scenes which be
has witnessed, and of the more exciting of the
experiences which he has had. The volume is
made up mostly of matter not contained in the
earlier volumes of the author; matter all of which
is at least bew in form, and some of which is new
in every way, having been withheld for personal
reasons from previous publication. The book gives
a hasty view of an extremely active and varied life
spent in wandering over the greater part of the
globe. The adventures recounted begin with an
ascent of Adam's Peak in 1N49, and end with the
war in Schleswig Holstein. Few novels have the


1887.]
47
THE DIAL
excitement and the sustained interest of this story A SINGULAR “ combination” for literary purposes
of what a living Englishman has been able to see is that of Mr. Julian Hawthorne with the Chief
and do in the course of a quarter of a century. Detective of New York City; the detective furnish-
ing the raw material for a novel and the literary
A NEW edition has been published of Mr. | man the workmanship. The production is to be
Thomas Knox's little manual entitled “How to published by Cassell & Co., with the title “A
Travel” (Putnam). This very compact volume Tragic Mystery.”
contains an astonishing amount of information of FORDS, HOWARD & HULBERT have just issued
the most practical sort, and no person inexperienced Major Pond's account of his “Summer in England
in travelling will regret having it for a companion, with Henry Ward Beecher,” containing also the
whatever may be the nature of the journey under lectures and addresses delivered by Mr. Beecher in
taken. It is much the best work of the sort with Great Britain in the summer of 1866. The volume
which we are acquainted, and contains the answers has a fine phototype portrait of Mr. Beecher, and
to at least nine out of ten of those questions of fac-similes of some of his MSS., etc.
which every would-be traveller is sure to make some
A BIOGRAPHICAL and anecdotal account of the
one the victim, unless his attention is directed to
Rothschild family, with the title " The Rothschilds,
such a guide, philosopher, and friend as the book
the Financial Rulers of Nations,” by Mr. John
before us.
Reeves, is just issued by A. C. McClurg & Co.
Also, "A Manual for Infantry Officers of the Na-
tional Guard,” by Col. J. G. Gilchrist of Iowa, and
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
Lieut. E. C. Knower of the U. S. Army.
A new periodical of a novel character is an-
MRS. GRANT's receipts from the sale of her hus-
nounced for the beginning of next year, by C. W.
band's memoirs have reached nearly half a million Moulton & Co. of Buffalo. It will be called “The
dollars.
Modern Muse," and will be devoted exclusively to
CUPPLES & Co., Boston, have just issued poetry and the study of poetry. Original poems
“ Health in Our Homes,”—a series of letters pub will be printed-one, it is presumed, from each new
lished in a Boston daily, on household hygiene. subscriber. The magazine is to be issued quarterly,
THE publication of the expected life of Darwin, at $2 a year.
by his son, is postponed until next autumn. It will MR. J. G. SPEED, of Kentucky, the editor of an
comprise three volumes, and is likely to prove an elegant edition of the works of Keats published in
exceptionally interesting work.
New York a few years ago, has in his possession
SMITH, ELDER & Co., of London, send us their
the original MSS. of most of the poet's works,
new Pocket edition of Thackeray, which is very
including “Endymion" and the “Diary Letters,"
pretty and very cheap, though the type is a little
and intends, it is said, to present his collection to
finer than will suit any but keen eyesight.
the British Museum. Mr. Speed, it may be remem-
bered, is a grandson of Keats's younger brother
DR. ALBERT SHAW's admirable monograph,
George, who settled in America.
“Icaria, a Chapter in the History of Communism,"
D. APPLETON & Co.'s new publications include
published a few years ago by Putnam, has been
honored with a German translation, just published
several works of unusual interest: Two new vol-
umes (V. and VI.) of Lecky's “History of England
at Stuttgart.
in the Eighteenth Century;" an “Index to the
PROF. E. S. SHUMWAY, of Rutgers College, has
made & revision of Dr. Lohr's » Aus dem alten
Works of Shakespeare," by Evangeline M. O'Con-
nor; “Roundabout to Moscow, an Epicurean
Rom,” which is published, with numerous illustra-
Journey," by J. B. Bouton; and “John Sevier, the
tions, by D. C. #eath, under the title “A Day in
Commonwealth-Builder," a sequel to "The Rear-
Ancient Rome.” It is a useful and inexpensive
Guard of the Revolution," by James R. Gilmore
little book.
(Edmund Kirke).
The story which recently gained a prize of fifteen TicknoR & Co. have just published: “ Letters
hundred dollars, offered by “ The Youth's Com-
of Horatio Greenough to his Brother, Henry,
panion” for the best serial for its columns, is just
Greenough,” with biographical sketches, and some
printed in book form by T. Y. Crowell & Co. Its
contemporary correspondence, edited by Frances
title is “The Blind Brother, a Story of the Penn-
Boott Greenough ; "The Sunny Side of Shadow,
sylvania Coal Mines." Its author is Mr. Homer
Reveries of a Convalescent," by Mrs. S. G. W.
Greene.
Benjamin; “Nights with Uncle Remus," by Joel
THOMAS WHITTAKER, Now York, has just pub- Chandler Harris; and two volumes of Featherman's
lished “That Child," a story by the author of “Social History of the Races of Mankind"-" The
“Mademoiselle Mori,” illustrated by Gordon Nigritians” and “The Melanesians.".
Browne. Also, “Echoes of Bible History," by Those readers of “The Century” who have ad-
Bishop W. P. Walsh, and Dr. Warfield's “Intro-
mired Mr. Thomas Nelson Page's dialect stories of
duction to the Textual Criticism of the New Tes-
Southern life will welcome the collection of them
tament.
which Scribner's Sons have just published with the
A VOLUME of the personal reminiscences of Dr. title “ In Ole Virginia." The same publishers have
Wm. Hague, a Baptist preacher of note in Boston, just issued Mr. Bunner's charmingly written and
who was acquainted with most of the celebrities of charmingly illustrated “Story of a New York
his time and region, is about to be issued by Lee & House;" also, the second part of “The Buchholz
Shepard. They also announce a new edition of Family,” translated from the German; and Mr.
Rev. James Freeman Clarke's “Life and Times of Stevens's account of his famous trip “Around the
Jesus, as related by Thomas Didymus,” first pub- World on a Bicycle,” with over a hundred illustra-
lished in 1881.
tions.


48
[June,
THE DIAL
MR. JAMES GRANT, the novelist, who died in | Duke of Argyll, Prof. Pasteur, ex-President Hayes,
London on the 5th of May, was born in Edinburgh Signor Salvini, Messrs. Booth, Barrett, Boucicault
in 1822, and early began his career as an author. and John T. Raymond, M. Bartholdi, Gens. Fré-
His first work, “The Romance of War," was pub mont, Longstreet, Howard, Rosecrans, A. W. Greely
lished forty-one years ago, and still has a consider- and Neal Dow, Baron von Tauchnitz, Dr. O'Reilly,
able sale. It was followed by “Bothwell; or, the biographer of the Pope, Felix Adler, Mr. Frothing-
Days of Mary, Queen of Scots,” “Jane Seton," ham, Mr. Curtis, Mr. Cable, Mr. Bierstadt, Mrs.
“Frank Hilton,” “ The Yellow Frigate,” “Harry | Howe, Mrs. Garfield, Miss Cleveland, Miss Edith
Ogilvie," “Legends of the Black Watch," and Thomas, Andrew Carnegie, Rev. Drs. Collyer,
other novels. He left a completed story, “Love's Bartol, Chadwick, Talmage and McGlynn, Joaquin
Labor Won,” which will soon be published.
Miller and Bill Nye.
We have received from J. B. Lippincott Co. G. P. PUTNAM's Sons will publish at once the
three additional volumes of their new library recent address by Edward Atkinson before the
edition of Scott's novels—Vol. IX., “Ivanhoe;" Boston Labor Union, on the subject of “The
Vol. X., “The Monastery;" Vol. XI., “The Margin of Profit, How it is now Divided: What
Abbot." These volumes quite confirm the favor Part of the Present Hours of Labor can now be
able impression made by the earlier ones. They are Spared." With this address will be printed the
convenient in size, excellent in paper and printing, reply of Mr. E. M. Chamberlain, representing the
and inexpensive. The edition is altogether the Labor Union, and Mr. Atkinson's rejoinder to the
most desirable popular form in which Scott's reply. The volume will contain certain tabular
works are issued. There will be twenty-five vol representations analyzing the sources of the product
umes in all; the price is $1.75 a volume.
and the division of the product of labor and
The appearance semi-annually of the beautiful capital, together with a chart entitled “The Labor
bound volumes of “The Century” is a pleasant re-
Spectrum,” which presents the full details of the
minder of the progress of this splendidly illustrated
present division of profits. They also announce:
monthly. The war articles are continued in this 1 Taxation, Its Principles and Methods," a transla-
number, and will end, according to the announce-
tion of “First Principles of the Science of Finance,"
ment, with the October number. A few supple by Prof. Luigi Cossa of the University of Pavia,
mentary articles, on the hospital service, the tele with an introduction by Horace White.
graph corps, etc., will then be given. The Life of
--- --
Lincoln, by Hay and Nicolay, will be continued in-
- - --- -
- -
definitely, to judge from present indications.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
THE latest publications of Houghton, Mifflin &
JUNE, 1887.
Co. include Mr. Schurz's life of Henry Clay, in two
volumes; Mrs. Margaret Preston's new volume of
Andover, Is it Romanizing? F. L, Patton. Forum.
verse, “Colonial Ballads and Sonnets;" “ The Per Astronomy with an Opera Glass. G. P. Serviss. Pop. Sci.
sonal Memoirs and Military History of U. S. Grant
Bird-Keeping. W. T. Greene. Harper.
Boat Racing, Amateur. Henry Eckford. Oentury.
08. the Record of the Army of the Potomac," by Boat-Racing, College. Julian Hawthorne. Century.
Carswell McClellan, formerly of the Staff of Gen-
Bonaparte. J. C. Ropes. Scribner.
Books that Have Helped Me. Andrew Lang. Forum.
eral Humphreys ; Marston's complete works, in
Boston's “ Meeting House." I. T. Smith. Mag. Am. Hist.
Bullen's edition of the British Dramatists; “ Was Browning, Mrs. W. T. Herridge. Andover.
Browning, Robert, M. B. Anderson. Dial.
Shakespeare Shapleigh? A Correspondence in Two
Canada. J. G. Bourinot. Mag. Am. Hist.
Entanglements," edited by Justin Winsor, Professor Capital Punishment. J. M. Buckley. Forum.
of Bibliography in Harvard University; and a new
Church of England. S. L. Loomis. Andover.
Church Union. E. E. Hale and A. P. Peabody. Century.
volume of essays by Dr. Munger, entitled “The
Coatepec. C. D. Warner. Harper.
Appeal to Life.
Cornell, Social Life at. R. Spencer. Lippincotl.
Democracy. F. J. Stimpson. Scribner.
A NOVELTY among books of travel is the quarto
Education and Social Progress. T. T. Munger. Century.
volume of nearly five hundred pages, entitled
Education, Industrial. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Ethics. Jolin Dewey. Andover.
“The World as We Saw It," published by Cupples
Exercise and Athletics. J. W. White. Lippincott.
& Co., Boston. The volume is mechanically a very Federal Convention, The. John Fiske. Atlantic.
Food and Physique. C. F. Taylor. Pop. Sci. Mo.
handsome one. The illustrations are particularly
Foods, Chemistry of. W. 0. Atwater. Century.
noticeable, being admirable reproductions, in pho God, Self-Revelation of. W. De W. Hyde. Andover.
totype, of well-chosen and often specially-made
Government. L. F. Ward. Forum.
Guatemala. W. T. Brigham. Scribner.
views. The text of the book consists of a series of Human Instincts. Wm. James. Pop. Sci. Mo.
home-letters, by Mrs. Amos R. Little, describing Janin, Jules. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Kentucky Pioneers. J. M. Brown Harper.
her trip around the world, begun at Philadelphia
Landscape Gardeners in America. Century.
in 1883. The interest of the letters is to a consid Law, Talks about. James O. Pierce. Dial.
Life, Object of. G. J. Romanes. Forum.
erable extent personal, and the work is published,
Lincoln, Abraham. Hay and Nicolay. Century.
according to the explanation of the author, "at the Linnæus. Emma W. Shogren. Dial.
urgent solicitation of many friends and the frequent
Marston, Philip Buurke. Margaret J. Preston. Lippincott.
Millet, Jean François. A. Wolfe. Mag. Am. History.
inquiries of strangers.” Mrs. Little seems to have
Monckton, Robert. Martha J. Lamb. Mag. Am. History.
been an observant and intelligent traveller, and her Morality and Religion in the Public School. Andover.
Nursery Classics in School. H. E. Scudder. Atlantic.
descriptions are often entertaining and instructive.
Our Hundred Days in Europe. O. W. Holmes. Allantic.
An elaborate Beecher memorial volume is to be Papacy, History of the. W. F. Allen. Dial.
Pacific, Control of the H. C. Taylor. Forum.
prepared by Mr. E. W. Bok of Brooklyn, with the
Paper. R. R. Bowker. Harper.
Peterborough Cathedral. Mrs. Van Rensselaer. Century.
Pictures, Appearance and Reality in. Pop. Sci. Mo.
preacher. It will contain articles and reminiscences
Railroads as Public Enemies. A. Morgan. Pop. Sci. Mo.
from some seventy writers, among whom are Dr. Railroad Legislation. A. T. Hadley. Harper.
O. W. Holmes, Mr. Gladstone, Gen. Sherman, Ad.
Railway Passes. I. T. Brooks. Forum.
Reade, Charles, Joseph Kirkland. Dial.
miral Porter, Mr. Whittier, Archdeacon Farrar, the Revised Version, Failure of. J. Fulton. Forum.
GI.


1887.]
49
THE DIAL
-
-
--
-
-
How to Travel. Hints, advice and suggestions to travel.
lers by land and sea all over the globe. By Thomas
W. Knox. Revised edition. G. P. Putnain's Sons. $1.
London. By W. J. Loftie. 16mo, pp. 222. “Historic,
Towns." Edited by E. A. Freeman and W. Hunt.
London, Medited by E. a. smo, pp. 222.
Sand. George Wardman. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Science and Pseudo-Science. "T, H. Huxley. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Social Compact, Theory of. A. L. Lowell. Allantic.
Social Sustenance. H. J. Philpott. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Social Thir Eliza L. Linton, Forum.
Spotsylvania. G. N. Galloway, Century.
Susa, "Excavations at. Mme. Jane Dieulafay. Harper.
Thackeray Letters. Scribner.
Theology under Changed Conditions. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Tolstoi, Count. George Kennan, Century.
Transylvanian Saxons. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Vedder's Pictures. W. H. Downes. Atlantic.
Wilderness to Cold Harbor. E. M. Law. Century.
Woolseley's Estimate of Lee. Century.
Yachts. R. H, Thurston, Forum.
In the Trades, the Tropics and the Roaring Forties.
By Lady Brassey. New and cheaper edition. 8vo, pp. 532.
11. Holt & Co. $3.50.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[The following List contains all New Books, American and For.
eign, received during the month of May by MESSRS.
A. 0. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.)
BIOGRAPHY.
The Rothschilds : The Financial Rulers of Nations. By
John Reeves. 12mo, pp. 381. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
Life of Henry Clay. By Carl Schurz. 2 vols., 12mo.
Gilt tops. "American Statesmen." Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $2.50.
Final Memorials of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Edited by Samuel Longfellow. 8vo. Gilt top. Pp.
445. Ticknor & Co. $3.00.
Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee. By J. E. Cooke. With
trations, portraits and maps. New and cheaper
edition. 8vo, pp. 577. D. Appleton & Co. $3.00.
Mrs. Siddons. By Nina A. Kennard. 16mo, pp. 354.
"Famous Women.” Roberts Bros. $1.00.
Random Recollections. By H. B. Stanton. 12mo, pp.
298. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
Dante. A Sketch of his Life and Works. By May A.
Ward. 12mo, pp. 286. Roberts Bros. $1.25.
A Sketch of the Life and Episcopate of the Right
Robert Bickersteth, D.D., Bishop of Ripon,
1857-1884. By his son, M. O. Bickersteth, M.A. 8vo, pp.
309. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50.
Memoir of Robert Moffat. Missionary to South Africa
1817 to 1870. By M. L. Wilder. 12mo, pp. 93. Woman's
Presbyterian Board of Missions of the Northwest.
Paper, 20 cents; cloth. Net, 35 cents.
The Queen. Her Early Life and Reign. By L. Valentine.
12mo, pp. 376. F. Warne & Co. Cheap edition, 75
cents; library edition, $1.25.
ESSAYS, BELLES LETTRES, ETC.
Thomas Carlyle's Works. "The Ashburton Edition."
To be completed in seventeen volumes. 8vo. Vol.
XV., being vol. I. of Critical and Miscellaneous Es.
says, to comprise three volumes, now ready. J. B.
Lippincott Co. English cloth, uncut; or cloth, paper
title, gilt top. Each, $2.50.
Lady Burton's Edition of Her Husband's Arabian
Nights. Translated literally from the Arabic. Pre-
pared for household reading by Justin H. McCarthy.
6 vols., 8vo. Gilt top, 3 vols, now ready. London.
Per set, net, $25.00.
A Summer in England with H. W. Beecher. Giving
the Addresses, Lectures, and Sermons, delivered by
him in Great Britain during the Summer of 1886, etc.
Edited by J. B. Pond. 12mo, pp. 298. Fords, Howard,
& Hulbert. $2.00.
Cucumber Chronicles. A book to be taken in slices.
By J. Ashby-Sterry. 16mo, pp. 22). Scribner & Wel.
ford. Net, $2.00.
Familiar Studies of Men and Books. By R. L. Steven.
son. 16mo, pp. 366. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
Rural Hours. By Susan Fenimore Cooper. Revised
edition. 12mo, pp. 331. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
POETRY-THE DRAMA.
The Collected Works of Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
Edited, with Preface and Notes, by W. M. Rossetti.
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1, 3, & 5 BOND STREET, New York. | HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston.


THE DIAL
end.
VOL. VIII. JULY, 1887. No. 87. has ever seen ? Could he understand the mo-
tives of the actor? Would not the writer's
own political theories, known to be opposed
CONTENTS.
to those of the great leader, so bias his judg.
ment as to deprive the work of any real value ?
THE HERO AS STATESMAN. Wm. Henry Smith . . 58 Happily these doubts, that seemed so well
FINAL MEMORIALS OF LONGFELLOW. Edward
founded, have not been confirmed. The Life
of Henry Clay deserves to be placed first in
Gipin Juhnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
the list of American biographies, for purity
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIO LITERATURE FROM
and dignity of style, for accuracy of state-
THE I'XIVERSITIES. Albert Sharp ...... 61
ment, and for clear apprehension of the phys-
ENGLAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
ical and moral forces involved in the great
Wm. Eliot Furnen ..... ........
political contests of the time. The interest
excited in the beginning is sustained to the
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne .... 66
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 70
No other political leader in this country has
Bancroft's Central America, Volume III. -
ever moved the human heart, in his own life-
Heard's The Russian ("hurch and Russian Dis.
time, so profoundly as Henry Clay. Sup.
sent.-- Bouton's Roundabout to Moscow.-Ste-
porters of his in 1844, still living, mourn his
defeat as if it were but of yesterday. Two of
vens's Around the World on a Bicycle.-Ragozin's
these survivors-men who have won distinc-
The Story of Assyria.--Stanton's Random Recol.
tion in public life, and who spoke from the same
lections.- Whipple's American Literature.-Mun.
platform in 1840, 1842, and 1844,-recently
ger's The Appeal to Life.-Gilmore's John Sevier
entertained me with their reminiscences of
as a Commonwealth-builder.
Henry Clay. Though dead a quarter of a
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS........ century, he is still hero and leader to them.
TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS........
My early years were spent in this atmosphere
of hero-worship. I recollect, when a child,
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ..........
being taken by my father, who was a zealous
follower of the great Kentuckian, to attend a
THE HERO AS STATESMAN.*
meeting at which Mr. Clay was to speak.
After all these years, I see before me a man
To many brilliant achievments Gen. Schurz of commanding presence addressing in God's
has added another-that of successful biogra own temple a vast assemblage of people
phy. When he had won distinction as a de gathered from a district whose radius was a
bater in the Senate of the United States, his hundred miles, and who were content to sleep
critics conceded that his command of the in wagons or in tents if they could but see
English language was remarkable and his their hero-50 many people, they seemed to
scholarship thorough, but claimed that he was be “the whole world." Now perfect quiet
a theoretical and not a practical statesman. prevails, and now the earth resounds with
An opportunity soon offered, and at the head thunders of applause. Men and women alter-
of one of the great departments of govern nately laugh and weep; and although the
ment-that of the Interior, which is even orator withdraws from the ground, they
more complicated than the Treasury depart remain spell-bound until night disperses them.
ment-he displayed executive ability of a In connection with this precious impression, I
very high order, and the people at the polls am tempted to quote here from a letter just
expressed their approval of the acts of the received from one who knew Mr. Clay per-
administration of which he was a member by sonally, and who has since reached the highest
an emphatic majority. When it was an place in the Republic: "I am glad you can
nounced that he would write the life of the speak so well of Schurz's book on Clay. But
great American statesman, there were many, no man can realize to this generation the love
even of his personal friends, who doubted the and admiration he inspired in the most intelli-
wisdom of such an undertaking. Could one gent people of average condition-nay, of all
born and educated in a foreign land enter into conditions in America."
the spirit of the political career of the most This affectionate regard was born of a con-
distinctively American statesman this country viction of the statesman's thorough integrity,
enlightened judgment, and pure and unselfish
• LIFE OF HENRY CLAY. By Carl soborz. In two vol.
| patriotism; a patriotism that sacrifices all-
umes. American Statesmen series. BostonHoughton,
Mimin & Co.
home, wife, children, place and power-to


56
[July,
THE DIAL
one's country. The fascination of the man-
the voice that so charmed the ear with its
rich musical tones, the stirring eloquence, the
graceful carriage, the winning social manners,
and the manly way in which he faced his
enemies—all confirmed and intensified this
belief in the greatness of his patriotism, and
placed the hero above the vicissitudes that so
often deprive statesmen of public favor.
While recognizing this remarkable fascination,
Gen. Schurz has avoided the “rhapsodic
eulogy" of other writers, and has succeeded
in giving us a clear account of Clay's views on
matters of public interest, and his relations to
men and administrations. He truly says:
“This is not an easy task; for Henry Clay had,
during the long period of his public life, covering
nearly half a century, a larger share in national
legislation than any other contemporary statesman,
-not, indeed, as an originator of ideas and sys-
tems, but as an arranger of measures, and as a
leader of political forces. His public life may
therefore be said to be an important part of the
national history.”.
It is not my purpose to follow Gen. Schurz
in his review of the striking events of a half
century, but only to refer briefly to three or
four of the events in the political career of
Mr. Clay. That political career began when
he was scarcely twenty-three years of age, in
the advocacy of liberal views of public policy.
The people of Kentucky, dissatisfied with the
election of the governor and State senators
through the medium of electors, called a con-
vention to revise the Constitution of the State.
“This convention was to meet in 1799. Some
public-spirited men thought this a favorable oppor-
tunity to attempt to rid the State of slavery. An
amendment to the Constitution was prepared, pro-
viding for general emancipation; and among its
advocates in the popular discussions which pre-
ceded the meeting of the convention, Clay was
one of the most ardent. It was to this cause that
he devoted his first essays as a writer for the press,
and his first political speeches in popular assem
blies.”
He never ceased to dislike the institution of
slavery, and to hope for its final eradication;
and yet the realization of his highest ambition
was frustrated by impracticable and unrea-
sonable anti-slavery men of the North, whose
votes were cast so as to give an indirect sup-
port to the party pledged to the perpetuation
of human bondage. This inconsistency is a
stain upon the otherwise honorable careers of
intelligent and devoted men, which no human
sophistry can blot out. In their infatuation
they would have condemned Abraham Lincoln
as surely as Henry Clay. I differ with Gen.
Schurz as to the moral responsibility of the
men who supported Birney in 1844. I can
find no ground of justification for their
course in sacrificing a great statesman who
would have served the country well in the
executive chair—a liberty-loving, patriotic
leader—and elevating to high place one so
utterly unfit for high station as Jas. K. Polk,
who was pledged to extend the institution of
slavery until it should be nationalized. With
Clay in the Presidential chair, the influence of
the Executive would have been against a war
with Mexico and against slavery extension.
The American people might have been spared
all that wretched and humiliating history,
the infamous Mexican war, the repeal of the
Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska
legislation and warfare, the Dred Scott de-
cision, and other events leading up to the
bloody civil war. In this sense of preferring
evil to good for their country, Birney and his
supporters were faithless not only to their
country, but to Mr. Clay, who had a strong
moral claim on them for their support. Gen.
Schurz is in error when he says: “Clay and
Birney had maintained a friendly intercourse
until 1834; but in June of that year they had
a conference on the subject of slavery, which
produced upon Birney a discouraging effect.
From that time their friendly intercourse
ceased, and Clay found in Birney only a
severe critic.” The fact is shown by letters
still extant, that Birney, the Tappans, and
John G. Whittier, continued to appeal to Mr.
Clay to become their leader until 1838, and
they had no doubt of the soundness of his
convictions on the subject of slavery. They
promised him great fame on earth, and a high
place in Heaven, if he would consent. But
Clay had a profounder knowledge of human
nature, and of the difficulties in the way of
immediate emancipation, and may have ap-
peared impatient at their impractical plans.
1. After all,” wrote Senator Mangum to a
fellow Senator in 1832, “I regard Clay's
common-sense as his greatest quality.” Clay
was for confining slavery to the narrowest
possible limits, reducing its power in the gov-
ernment, encouraging free labor, educating
the people, and encouraging emancipation,
until there should be a moral force sufficiently
strong to secure the gradual extinction of
slavery without seriously disturbing the rela-
tions between the States. He did not fail to
speak out plainly on the subject of slavery,
on every proper occasion. Thus, we find him
in 1849, in a letter written from New Orleans
intended for the people of Kentucky, arguing
the question. I quote from Gen. Schurz's
work:
"If slavery were really a blessing, he reasoned,
the principle on which it is maintained would re-
quire that one portion of the white race should be
reduced to bondage to serve another portion of the
same race, when black subjects of slavery could
not be obtained; and that in Africa, where they
may entertain as great a preference for their color
as we do for ours, they would be justified in re-


1887.)
87
THE DIAL
ducing the white race to slavery in order to secure and Gallatin with having formed a clique for
the blessings which that state is said to diffuse.' the purpose of depriving their fellow Commis-
In the same style he punctured the argument that
sioners of their due share in the work, and
the superiority of the white race over the black
which declare that much was due to the firm.
justified the enslavement of the inferior. It
ness, coolness, and patriotism of Clay.
would prove entirely too much,' said he. It
would prove that any white nation which had
Thenceforth the life of Henry Clay was
made greater advances in civilization, knowledge,
devoted to the service of his country, in the
and wisdom, than another white nation would active participation in all of the great events
bave the right to reduce the latter to a state of of his time—as Speaker of the House, as Sec-
bondage. Nay, further, if the principle be appli. retary of State, as Senator, and as leader of
cable to races and nations, what is to prevent its
the National Republican and Whig parties.
being applied to individuals ? And then the
He was the promoter of Internal Improve.
wisest man in the world would have a right to
make slaves of all the rest of mankind. There
ments, the champion of an American policy
was in this something of Benjamin Franklin's
in the relations of our government to the
manner of pointing an argument. Clay had evi Spanish countries, the “Father of the Ameri-
dently written it with zest.”
can System,” the successful advocate of the
Five years before this, the Abolitionists had Missouri Compromise and of the Tariff Com-
defeated him for the Presidency, and at this
promise of 1833; the promoter of a liberal
very time they were publicly abusing him.
policy in the management of the public domain
Člay served a short time in the U. S. Senate
for the benefit of the people; active in securing
in 1806, and attracted attention as a ready
an honorable settlement with France in 1835,
and graceful debater; but his first conspicuous
and in the passage of the Compromise
service was in influencing the Madison Admin measures of 1850. He had led in the fight for
istration to declare war against Great Britain.
the re-chartering of the United States Bank,
The timid policy of the second term of Jef and in all the fierce contests with President
ferson had brought this country into contempt Jackson during the eight years' reign of that
abroad, and ill-timed embargoes had nearly remarkable man.
destroyed its commerce and business enter-
I pass by the election of Adams through
prises in other fields. He believed a war to the help of Clay in 1824-5, the bitter political
be the only way to relieve the country from
campaign of 1828 which resulted in the elec-
its false position. When President Madison
tion of Jackson, the Nullification crisis of
had once taken the plunge, he wanted to make 1832–3, and the fierce contest later between
Clay commander of the forces in the field, but
the administration and the opposition leaders
was dissuaded by Gallatin, who asked what
-Clay and Webster—in the Senate. It was
they would do without Clay in Congress. The a battle of the giants, in which the honors
war has been the subject of much bitter con were with the statesmen, and the victory with
troversy, but upon the whole it was beneficial. the grim military chieftain in the White
Said Clay:
House. The chapters covering the reign of
“We had been insulted, and outraged, and
Jackson are of absorbing interest, and any
spoliated upon by almost all Europe,-by Great
attempt to abridge the story would destroy
Britain, by France, Spain, Denmark, Naples, and,
its effect.
to cap the climax, by the little contemptible power The closing scenes of the public career of
of Algiers. We had submitted too long and too Henry Clay are of dramatic interest. All of
much. We had become the scorn of foreign
his energies were devoted to the work of
powers, and the derision of our own citizens.
bringing about harmony between the North
What have we gained by the war? Let any man
look at the degraded condition of this country be-
and South, and averting civil war. I quote at
fore the war, the scorn of the universe, the con-
some length from the author's account of the
tempt of ourselves; and tell me if we have gained
debate on the Compromise Measures of 1850,
nothing by the war? What is our situation now? which was participated in by Clay, Webster,
Respectability and character abroad, security and Calhoun, Corwin, Jefferson Davis, Seward,
confidence at home."
and Chase, so as clearly to show the patriotic
As one of the Commissioners on behalf of bearing of the great leader during these
the United States, he was not pleased with closing days, when the hearts of the people
the Treaty of Ghent, but the occasion afforded were filled with forebodings of evil.
an opportunity for a display of his intense "On February 5, Clay supported his plan of
Americanism, and his influence was exerted to adjustment with a great speech. The infirmities
prevent a surrender of valuable rights to of old age began to tell upon him. Walking up to
Great Britain. Gen. Schurz seems to accept
the Capitol he asked a friend who accompanied
the account of these negotiations given by
him, “Will you lend me your arm? I feel myself
Adams and Gallatin, which claimed for them
quite weak and exhausted this morning.' He
ascended the long flight of steps with difficulty,
the chief honors; but there are unpublished
being several times obliged to stop in order to
letters of Russell, and of Hughes, one of the recover his breath. The friend suggested that he
Secretaries, which charge Adams and Bayard I should defer his speech, as he was too ill to exert


58
[July,
THE DIAL
himself that day. 'I consider our country in were inclined to recognize the Southern Confed-
danger,' replied Clay; and if I can be the means eracy as an independent power, it was the abhor-
in any measure of averting that danger, my health rence of slavery prevailing among civilized
and life is of little consequence.' When he arrived mankind, their own people included, more than any
at the Senate chamber, he beheld a spectacle well other influence, that restrained them, and kept the
apt to inspire an orator. For several days his Southern Confederacy in its fatal isolation.
intention had been known to address the Senate on ... “On July 22, nearly six months after
Feb. 5, and from far and near—from Baltimore, the introduction of his resolutions, and two and a
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and places still half months after the Committee of Thirteen had
more distant-men and women had come in great presented its report, Clay made his closing speech,
numbers to hear him. The avenues of the Senate Ever since January 28 he had been on the floor
chamber were thronged with an eager multitude almost day after day, sometimes so ill that he could
who in vain struggled to gain access to the thronged hardly drag his tottering limbs to the Senate
galleries and the equally crowded floor. When chamber. So he had toiled on, answering objec-
Clay arose to speak, an outburst of applause in the tions and arguing and pleading and expostulating
chamber greeted him. The noise was heard with and appealing, and beseeching, with anxious solic-
out, and the great crowd assembled there raised itude, for the Union, and for peace and harmony
such a shout that the orator could not make him among all its people. He had thrown aside all
self heard until the officers of the Senate had gone sectional spirit. "Sir,' he exclaimed once, 'I have
out and cleared the entrances. Clay's speech occu heard something said about allegiance to the South.
pied two days. With a faltering voice he began, I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to
but gradually recovered his strength; and the ele which I owe any allegiance.' . . . . And now,
vation of his sentiments, the sonorous flow of his seeing his scheme of adjustment after all in great
words, and the lofty energy of his action, enchanted danger of defeat, he once more poured out all his
his audience to the last. On the second day of the patriotic fervor in a last appeal:
speech some of his fellow-Senators, observing that "I believe from the bottom of my soul that
he overtaxed himself, interrupted him repeatedly this measure is the reunion of the Union. And
with suggestions of an adjournment, but he now let us discard all resentments, all passions, all
declined, feeling uncertain whether he would be petty jealousies, all personal desires, all love of
able to go on the next day. When he had con place, all hungering after the gilded crumbs which
cluded, a great throng of friends, men and women, fall from the table of power. Let us forget popular
rushed toward him to shake his hand and to kiss fears, from whatever quarter they may spring.
him.
Let us go to the fountain of upadulterated patri-
“His speech was an appeal to the North for otism, and, performing a solemn lustration, return
concession, and to the South for peace. He asked divested of all selfish, sinister, and sordid impuri-
the North whether the enactment of the Wilmot ties, and think alone of our God, our country, our
Proviso would not be an unnecessary provocation, conscience, and our glorious Union.'
since there was no slavery existing in the territo “His patriotism was, however, not all meekness.
ries acquired from Mexico, and no probability of In the same speech he severely censured the Aboli-
its introduction. Why not, then, give it up for the tionists as reckless agitators, and denounced the
sake of harmony? He reminded his Southern Southern fire-eaters for their disunion tendencies,
friends that all the great acquisitions of territory reflecting especially upon a member of the Nash-
Louisiana, Florida, and Texas--had redounded to ville Convention, Rhett of South Carolina, who,
the benefit of the South,' and pointed out the after his return to Charleston, had in a public meet-
injustice of their pressing matters to disastrous ing openly proposed to hoist the standard of seces-
consequences,' when, for the first time, the attemptsion. When Clay had finished his appeal for peace
was made to introduce acquired territories without and union, Barn well of South Carolina, Calhoun's
slavery. He emphatically denied the right of any successor, rose and declared his dissatisfaction with
State to secede from the Union, and the possibility Clay's remarks, 'not a little disrespectful to a
of peaceable secession. War and the dissolution friend' whom he held very dear, and upon whose
of the Union are identical,' he exclaimed; they character he then proceeded to pronounce a warm
are convertible terms; and such a war!' With eulogy, intimating that the opinions held and ex-
prophetic words he foretold them their isolation in pressed by Mr. Rhett might possibly be those of
case of an armed conflict.
South Carolina. Clay was quickly upon his feet.
""If the two portions of the confederacy should "Mr. President,' he replied," I said nothing with
be involved in civil war, in which the effort on the respect to the character of Mr. Rhett. I know him
one side would be to restrain the introduction of personally and have some respect for him. But, if
slavery into the new territories, and on the other he pronounced the sentiment attributed to him of
side to force its introduction there, what a spectacle raising the standard of disunion and of resistance
should we present to the contemplation of aston to the common government, whatever he has been,
ished mankind! An effort to propagate wrong! It | if he follows up that declaration by corresponding
would be a war in which we should have no sym overt acts,'-the old man's eye flashed and his
pathy, no good wishes, and in which all mankind voice rang out in a thundering peal- he will be
would be against us, and in which our own history a traitor, and I hope he will meet the fate of a
itself would be against us!!
traitor!' Like an electric shock the word thrilled
“His feelings told him the truth. Southern men
the audience, and volleys of applause broke forth
indeed, counted upon British support in case of from the crowded galleries. When order was
secession; and it may be said that, when eleven restored, Clay continued :
years later secession came, in a certain sense they "Mr. President, I have heard with pain and
had such support. But it is nevertheless true that, regret a confirmation of the remark I made, that
when the governments of Great Britain and France the sentiment of disunion is becoming familiar, I


1887.)
59
THE DIAL
hope it is confined to South Carolina. I do not The work is chiefly made up of correspond.
regard as my duty what the honorable Senator ence and journal extracts of the last fifteen
seems to regard as his. If Kentucky to-morrow
years of the poet's life, to which are added
unfurls the banner of resistance unjustly, I never
will fight under that banner. I owe a paramount
letters of earlier date that have recently come
allegiance to the whole Union,-& subordinate one
to light, personal reminiscences, table talk,
to my own State. When my State is right-when
and an appendix indispensable to the libraries
it has a cause for resistance, when tyranny and of all who possess the life of Longfellow by
wrong and oppression insufferable arise I will then the editor of the volume under consideration.
share her fortunes; but if she summons me to the The table of the published writings of Mr.
battle-field, or to support her in any cause which Longfellow, with dates of publication and full
is unjust, against the Union, never, never will I
reference to reviews of each, followed by a
engage with her in such a cause!'
list of his poems under the dates of their com-
"The echo of these words was heard eleven years
later, when the great crisis had come."
position, which forms a part of the Appendix,
Henry Clay died on June 29, 1852, in the
will prove an invaluable aid to those who
seventy-sixth year of his age. He died in
wish to study his works philosophically. The
volume is liberally illustrated; the typographic
Washington, at his post, faithful to duty to
the last. Gen. Schurz concludes his admirable
details are unexceptionable; and, of the sev-
eral portraits of the poet, the one etched by
biography in the following words:
Mr. S. A. Schoff, which forms the frontispiece,
"Whatever Clay's weaknesses of character and
is specially worthy of attention for its artistic
errors of statesmanship may have been, almost
everything he said or did was illuminated by a
merit.
grand conception of the destinies of his country, a
Undoubtedly the feature of the memoirs
glowing national spirit, a lofty patriotism. Whether which gives them their greatest general inter-
he thundered against British tyranny on the seas, est is the insight they afford us of the personal
or urged the recognition of the South American character of Mr. Longfellow, and his relations
sister republics, or attacked the high-handed con with many people of eminence who were his
duct of the military chieftain in the Florida war,
correspondents. It is no small privilege to be
or advocated protection and internal improvements,
admitted as a third party to the confidences
or assailed the one-man power and spoils politics
of the poet with such men as Agassiz, Sumner,
in the person of Andrew Jackson, or entreated for
compromise and conciliation regarding the tariff or
Motley, and Hawthorne, and to receive at
slavery; whether what he advocated was wise or first hand their unglossed views of contempo-
unwise, right or wrong,—there was always ringing raneous men and events. The reader of the
through his words a fervid plea for his country, a Memorials is provided with ample material for
zealous appeal in behalf of the honor and the future
estimating Mr. Longfellow's personal charac-
greatness and glory of the Republic, or an anxious
ter and noting the complete analogy it bears
warning lest the Union, and with it the greatness
and glory of the American people, be put in
to the spirit of his writings; the latter being
jeopardy. It was a just judgment which he pro-
evidently the spontaneous outgrowth and
nounced upon himself when he wrote: "If any one
utterance of the former. His distinguishing
desires to know the leading and paramount object characteristic, both as man and poet, seems to
of my public life, the preservation of this Union have been an all-pervading purity—a purity
will furnish him the key.'”
rendered the more attractive by his intense
WM. HENRY SMITH.
humanity. His poems, like his deeds, speak
from the heart to the heart.
In the correspondence with his intimate
FINAL MEMORIALS OF LONGFELLOW..
friends, Messrs. G. W. Greene, J. T. Fields,
The thanks of the reading public are due to and T. G. Appleton, we discover many traits
the editor and publishers of the “ Final Me- not prominently displayed to those who know
morials of Longfellow” for a charming addi. him by his writings alone, among which is a
tion to the existing store of literary ana and keen, though ever kindly, perception of the
reminiscence. The impression conveyed by humorous. The gaucheries and unconscious
the word “Final," that the contents of this impertinences of unlettered visitors and cor-
volume are gleanings from a field already respondents were to him an unfailing source
harvested, is dispelled by the opening chapters, of merriment, and be records many instances
which prelude others of increasing interest. for the delectation of his friends. Thus, he
The editor has not compiled his work with the writes :
idea that incidents trivial in themselves are "A gentleman in Maine wants me to read and
important if connected with Mr. Longfellow, criticise 'an Epic Poem,' which he has written on
and what he has selected for us possesses suffi the creation, the six days work,' which, he says,
cient intrinsic merit to warrant reading for its | is done up in about six hundred lines.'"
own sake.
Again:
“A stranger in the West asks me to write for
• FINAL MEMORIALS OF HENRY WADSWORTH LONG.
YELLOW. Edited by Samuel Longfellow. Boston Tick.
him two poems 'on friendship or a subject like that,
Bor & Co.
for the album of a young lady who is a very partic-


60
[July,
THE DIAL
ular friend.' He asks me also to send the bill with “Carlyle is building himself a sound-proof room
the articles." »
at the top of his house, being much harassed by
Another gentleman, more modest in his cocks and hens and hurdy-gurdies."
demands, writes with business-like brevity: Here we can picture the Sage removed, like
“DEAR SIR; As I am getting a collection of the
Teufelsdroeckh, in his turret above the Wahn-
autographs of all honorable and worthy men, and gasse, far from the hum of the hive below,
as I think yours such, I hope you will forfeit by completing his Frederick II.
next mail."
It is pleasant to note the cordial relations
We can imagine how Carlyle would have that existed between Longfellow and Dickens.
fumed under like inflictions. Mr. Longfellow The latter writes, under the date of February
seems to have endured these importunities, 27, 1868:
which are among the many penalties of literary "I hope to welcome you at Gads' Hill this next
eminence, with kindly patience, although he summer, and to give you the heartiest reception
dejectedly alludes to one abnormally per.
that the undersigned village blacksmith can strike
sistent bore as “ Huge, Hyrcanian, hopeless!"
out of his domestic an vil."
In his correspondence with fellow-authors, Mr. Longfellow, who was extremely fond
even with those whom we have been accus. of the theatre, was, at one time, desirous of
tomed to regard as his rivals, there is an testing the capabilities of his “ New England
absence of the slightest trace of literary Tragedies" for the stage, although naturally
jealousy. He had no contribution to make averse to submitting them to a process of
to the "seamy side of letters." Alluding to adaptation to suit the traditional notions of
Mr. G. W. Greene, who had recently published dramatic requirement. In a letter to Mr J.
a successful book, he writes:
T. Fields, he expresses a desire to submit them
"Already I notice something like peacock's
to Booth, and actually did consult Bandmann,
feathers growing upon my friend, and have to as an entry in his journal states.
spread my own very wide to show that I still exist ** Bandmann writes me a nice letter about the
and am still respectable, though tarnished. It is a Tragedies, but says that they are not adapted to
very comical sight to see two authors shut up in one the stage. So we will say no more about that for
room together."
the present."
The majority of the letters to Mr. Long His partiality for the drama is strongly
fellow are from men whose ample means of attested in a letter to Mr. G. W. Greene. He
observation enabled them to furnish us with writes:
many entertaining bits of description and "I went yesterday to the theatre to see the Vicar
characterization. Mr. T. G. Appleton, who of Wakefield, and was struck with the immense
affords proof positive that letter-writing is not superiority of dramatic representation over narrative.
one of the lost arts, writes from London:
Dr. Primrose and his daughters were living realities.
"The Brownings are a happy couple, -happy in
Sophy was perfectly lovely, and it would have de-
lighted Goldsmith's heart to have seen her. Dr.
their affection and their genius. He is a fine,
fresh, open nature, full of life and spring, and
Primrose was very well done by Warren, and
Olivia by Miss Clarke. It was all very pathetic,
evidently has little of the dreamy element of
and half the audience were in tears,--the present
Wordsworth and others. She is a little concen-
writer among the rest."
trated nightingale, living in a bower of curls, her
heart throbbing against the bars of the world." Regarding the “immense superiority of
A letter from Mr. (. C. Felton, containing
dramatic representation over narrative," the
an interesting account of Jacques Jasmin, the
reviewer feels that the majority of his readers
“barber poet” of Agen, gives the following
will agree with him in differing from Mr.
anecdote brimming with the true French senti-
Longfellow. No dramatic representation can
ment:
adequately convey the charm of Goldsmith's
"Jasmin and his wife are as devoted to each
touching narration.
To many readers the letters from (Charles
other after a marriage of more than thirty years, as
two young lovers. My son,' he said, at the age
Sumner, written for the most part while the
of thirty is still unmarried; I married at nineteen, writer was seeking health and rest in Europe,
my wife being sixteen. That is the difference be will prove & most interesting portion of the
tween Paris and Agen. Ah! this Paris life is a sad work.
thing. He writes e rous aime, and rubs it out; je
The twilight of sorrow that pervaded the
tous aime, again and rubs it out; and again je nous
poet's declining years casts its shadow here
aime and rubs it out. I wrote je vous aime'--point
and there over the journal and letters. There
ing across the table to Madame Jasmin with one
was no parade of grief in his writingshe
hand, and laying the other on his heart-here more
than thirty years ago, and here it has remained, felt that it was too macred to be submitted to
growing brighter and brighter every day since. the gaze of the public. But now that he is
There is the difference between us, and between gone, an occasional extract from journal or
Paris and Agen."
letter lifts for a moment the veil that hid his
In a letter from Mr. A. H. Clough, dated at suffering, and we may glance within and learn
London, 1853, we are informed that,--
I a lesson of noble resignation and trust in the


1887.]
61
THE DIAL
future. On the morning of the tenth anni-
versary of his wife's funeral, he writes:
"Ah, these melancholy anniversaries! I was
awakened this morning about sunrise by the singing
of a bird inside my room. I looked up and saw it
perched upon the window-blind. It then hopped
into the room,-& little yellow bird with brown
wings. After singing a while it perched upon the
rounds of a chair, then flew out of the other win-
dow."
The little incident recorded is not much in
itself, but taken with the context, there is a
tear in every line.
A book dealing with human life, from
which no elevated sentiment, no good lesson,
may be drawn, is not worth the reading. In
the “ Final Memorials of Longfellow” one
may read a sermon breathing love and charity
to all men,-a sermon in which there is no
Calvinism.
Of the wide-spread influence of him who is
the subject of the memoirs, it is unnecessary
to speak. He wrote not only to men of his
own times and race, but to humanity.
“The light he leaves behind him lies
Upon the paths of men."
EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON.
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC LITERATURE
FROM THE UNIVERSITIES.*
The most noteworthy fact respecting recent
American writing in the general domain of
political and social science is the productive
activity of men connected with our leading
colleges and universities. As a part of the
same striking tendency is also to be noted the
new intimacy between the universities and the
administration of public affairs. The economic
study of the day has taken on an eminently
scientific and practical cast, and it is receiving
a deference and attention from the public that
is altogether unprecedented. The considera-
tion which Professor Francis A. Walker's
books on “Wages” and “Money” received a
few years ago, and the recognition of his
ability as a statistician and economist which
his appointment as superintendent of the last
census indicated, are no longer exceptional.
Professor Hadley of Yale is the author of a
book on Railroads that was continually and
copiously quoted as high authority in the
Congressional debates on the Inter-State Com-
merce bill, and Mr. Hadley's reputation as a
scientific student of industrial society led to
his appointment as labor commissioner of
Connecticut, a post which he filled for two
years with rare ability Professor Ely of the
Johns Hopkins University is widely esteemed
and read as an authority upon administration,
taxation, and labor questions, and is now a
member of the tax commission of Maryland,
having recently served upon a board charged
with the revision of the tax system of Balti-
more. Professor E. J. James of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania is another economist
whose influence is felt in public affairs. For
example, his monograph on “The Relation of
the Modern Municipality to the Gas Supply"
undoubtedly prevented the sale to a private
corporation of the Philadelphia gas works.
Professor Thompson of Pennsylvania from one
standpoint; and Professor Taussig of Harvard
from another, are writers whose investigations
and arguments have recognition and influence
at Washington in the discussion of the tariff
question. The career of ex-President Andrew
Ô. White of Cornell University is a conspicu-
ous illustration of the new intimacy between
university work in political science and the
administration of public affairs. Mr. Woodrow
Wilson, who is the ablest of recent writers upon
our constitutional machinery, is a college pro-
fessor; and so, also, is Mr. Alexander Johnston.
Professor Laughlin of Harvard, who has written
the history of bimetallism in the United
States, has obtained rank as an authority on
currency questions. Professor Bolles of the
University of Pennsylvania is the author of
an extended financial history of the United
States, the editor of “The Bankers' Maga-
zine," and a writer of standing and influence
with practical financiers. This list is far
from complete, but it suffices to indicate
the strength of a most significant tendency.
The latest extended contribution to political
science which comes from a university profes-
sor's study is a treatise on “Public Debts,” by
Dr. Henry C. Adams of Cornell and Michigan.
It may properly be characterized as the most
important systematic work in the science of
finance that has been accomplished by an
* PUBLIC DEBTS: AN ESSAY IN THE SCIENCE OF FINANCE.
By Henry C. Adams, Ph.D., of the University of Michi.
gan and Cornell University. New York: D. Appleton &
Co.
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL
AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. Herbert B. Adams, Editor.
Published monthly at Baltimore, by N. Murray, publica-
tion agent of the J. H, University.
PHILADELPHIA, 1681–1887: A HISTORY OF MUNICIPAL DE-
VELOPMENT. By Edward P. Allinson, A.M., and Boies
Penrose, A.B. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott.
POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY. Edited by the Faculty
of Political Science of Columbia College. Volume I.
Boston: Ginn & Co.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. Published for
Harvard University. Boston: George H. Ellis.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMIO ASSOCIA.
TION. Dr. Richard T. Ely, Secretary, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Md.
PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.
Herbert B. Adams, Secretary, New York: G. P. Put.
nam's Sons.
THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY: A Contribution
to the History of Higher Education, with Suggestions
for its National Promotion. By Herbert B. Adams, Ph.D..
Associate Professor of History in the Johns Hopkins
University. Circulars of Information of the Bureau of
Education, No. 1, 1887. Washington: Government Print-
ing Office.


62
(July,
THE DIAL
American; and in its particular field of in value. The four completed series of the
quiry no foreign writer bas produced anything Johns Hopkins studies contain about fifty dis-
80 thorough and valuable. Part I. of the tinct monographs, treating principally of the
volume treats of “Public Borrowing as a development of American institutions. The
Financial Policy.” Its chapters discuss | series of 1886 is bound in a handsome volume
modern public expenditure, the money mar- | under the title “ Municipal Government and
kets and the commercial democracy which Land Tenure." The monographs for the cur.
make public loans possible, and the influence rent year are studies of government in leading
of modern nationalism and of socialistic tend- American cities—Philadelphia, Boston, St.
encies in increasing the expenditure and Louis, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, New
indebtedness of nations; the political, social Orleans, and New York. The numbers which
and industrial tendencies of public debts are have appeared are of excellent quality.
considered separately and with great practical The political science laboratory at Baltimore
and philosophical insight; and, finally, the has produced a number of studies
emergencies and objects which justify a state extended and important to justify publication
in negotiating loans are analyzed and disas distinct volumes. Until recently these have
cussed. Part II., entitled “National Deficit found their way to the public through the
Financiering," is chiefly devoted to the finan regular publishing houses; but the university
cial conduct of a war and the subsequent has now undertaken a series of “extra vol-
management and reduction of the debt which umes," issued in a style uniform with the
remains as a legacy of war. Its discussions bound volumes of the shorter “studies." The
and criticisms of our American war finan Dial has heretofore noticed the first of these
ciering are exceedingly instructive. Part III. extra volumes—Dr. Levermore's “The Re-
treats of “Local Deficit Financiering,” and public of New Haven, a History of Municipal
is chiefly devoted to a consideration of the Evolution.” The second is a fitting com-
finances of American states and cities. A panion. It is entitled “Philadelphia, 1681-
technical review of this admirable volume need | 1887, a History of Municipal Development,"
not be undertaken here. Suffice it to say that and is a product of the joint authorship of
its great merit will be most fully recognized Messrs. Edward P. Allinson and Boies Pen-
by those best versed in the theory and prac rose, both of the Philadelphia bar. What we
tice of finance. It is eminently characteristic may term the biographical study of particular
of Dr. Adams as a thinker and analyst, that municipal corporations is of great advantage
he discovers underlying principles and defines to those who would grasp the problems of
broad rules of action. His discussion of each modern city government and aid in the estab-
part of his subject is to a satisfactory pur lishment of salutary reforms. Philadelphia's
pose; and the results are clearly and confi experiences have been perhaps more varied,
dently, though not dogmatically, summarized more typical, and more instructive, than those
at the conclusion of every chapter. The pro of any other American city corporation; and
duction of such books as this must give our the present volume recites those experiences
universities a most decided influence in with an intelligent appreciation of their bear.
shaping the policies of government.
ing upon the general problems of city govern-
The “ Johns Hopkins University Studies in ment in the United States. The book is espe-
Historical and Political Science " are now in cially timely and acceptable, since it reviews
the midst of their fifth annual series, and all the circumstances which led to the new
remain under the successful editorship of Philadelphia charter of 1885 and describes the
Professor Herbert B. Adams, who was their government as reconstructed and now in
originator. It is not too much to say that this operation under that charter, instituting com-
series of publications has done more than any parisons with the framework of other city
thing else to give impulse to the investigation, constitutions, especially those of Brooklyn,
under American college and university aus. New York, and Boston.
pices, of our past and present institutional The first completed volume of the “Polit-
and economic life. From the impetus which ical Science Quarterly” is alike creditable to
must be ascribed to these publications has Columbia College and to American scholar-
sprung the American Historical and the Amer. ship. This substantial periodical is “a review
ican Economic associations; and quarterly devoted to the historical, statistical and com-
journals of political science have been estab. parative study of politics, economics, and pub-
lished at two other universities, also as a lic law," and is edited by the faculty of
traceable consequence. The stimulus to re political science of Columbia College. Mere
search and monographic publication which speculation and show of learning are conspicu-
American students of history and political ously absent from its pages, which have an
science unquestionably owe to Dr. H. B. admirable freshness and virility that is en-
Adams, bas produced in four years a net re- tirely compatible with scholarly excellence,
sult of extraordinary variety and permanent ! The table of contents shows that nearly every


1887.)
63
THE DIAL
article in the volume deals with current and bi-monthly. The earlier of the numbers com-
practical problems. For example, take the prising the first volume have been noticed in
following titles: “ The ('ollection of Duties | Tue Dial. The sixth number is by Dr. Henry
in the United States," "American Labor Sta C. Adams, and is on “The Relation of the
tistics," “ Legislative Inquests," “ The West. State to Industrial Action." The author ob-
African Conference at Berlin,” “Ambiguous serves that “laissez faire" is not and no longer
Citizenship,” “The Legal Tender Question,” | is held to be a scientific principle, but that it is
“The Recent Constitutional Crisis in Nor-| merely a maxim of conservatism. It is his
way," “ Bimetallism in the United States," purpose to discover certain broad and perma-
"The Taxation of Labor," “ The Conflict of nent principles which should be observed in
East and West in Egypt,” “The Future of the legislation that deals with industrial
Banking in the United States," "The Execu society. He finds, first, that the State may so
tive and the Courts." These mature and govern as to determine the plane of competi-
weighty discussions further illustrate the new tive action and prevent the degradation of the
trend of university thought towards public many through the unscrupulous conduct of
affairs. As a part of the whole movement, it the few. Second, he affirms that the State
should be observed, too, that strong writers may realize for society the benefits of monop-
outside of the immediate academic circles are oly. Industries are classified according as they
rallying around the universities as the newly are subject to the law of “constant returns,"
recognized centres of our best political study to that of “diminishing returns," or to that
and expression, and are contributing to the of “increasing returns." "The first two classes
university publications. The reviews of Amer are adequately controlled by competitive
ican and foreign publications are a valuable action; the third class, on the other hand,
feature of the Political Science Quarterly." requires the superior control of state power,"
Its editors are Messrs. John W. Burgess, since its tendency is monopolistic. Finally,
Archibald Alexander, Richmond Mayo Smith, the thesis is defended that “social harmony
Edmund Munroe Smith, Frank J. Goodnow, may be restored by extending the duties of
George H. Baker, and Edwin R. A. Seligman, the State." The essay is an original and valu-
all of Columbia College.
able contribution to economic thought.
Although only three of the four numbers Akin to the Economic Association is the
which will comprise the first volume have ap American Historical Association. Both owe
peared, it is not too early to characterize the their origin to the new university interest in
“Quarterly Journal of Economics " as having the investigation, under modern methods and
the same qualities of scholarly merit and the in the scientific spirit, of historical, political,
same preēminently practical tone which we and economic subjects; and they have many
have noted in the Columbia review. This members in common. Dr. H. B. Adams of
new journal is published "for Harvard Uni the Johns Hopkins University has from the
versity," and is presumably edited by Professors outset been the secretary and executive officer
Dunbar, Laughlin, and Taussig. Each number of the Historical Association; while Dr. R. T.
has three leading papers. To show the promi Ely of the same University occupies the cor-
nence given to the discussion of current affairs, responding post in the other society. Dr. W.
let us cite the five leading articles (in the first F. Poole of Chicago is the new president of
two numbers) which follow Professor Dunbar's the Historical Association, elected at the
opening essay on the state of political economy. annual meeting in May,-his two predecessors
They are on the following topics: “Private having been Mr. Justin Winsor of Harvard
Monopolies and Public Rights," " Silver before and Hon. Andrew D. White of Cornell. These
Congress in 1886," " An Historical Sketch of names, of high honor among historical students,
the Knights of Labor,” “The Disposition of attest the worthy quality of the publications
our Public Lands,” and “The Southwestern which are issued statedly by the Society. The
Strike of 1886," the writers being, respectively, first volume contains reports, by Dr. Herbert
Arthur T. Hadley, S. Dana Horton, Carroll B. Adams, of the first and second annual
D. Wright, Albert Bushnell Hart, and F. W. meetings; a paper by the Hon. A. D. White,
Taussig. Following the leading articles, each on historical studies; an extended study of
number has a department of “Notes and educational land-grants in the states of the
Memoranda," and a classified list of the eco original Northwestern Territory, by Dr. George
nomic publications of the quarter, including W. Knight; an essay on the Louisiana Pur.
meritorious works in the English, French, chase, by Bishop Robertson of Missouri; and
German, or Italian language. The periodical a historical examination of the appointing
compares creditably with the leading economic power of the President, by Lucy M. Salmon.
journals of Germany and France.
Dr. Herbert B. Adams's recent monograph,
The publications of the American Economic “The College of William and Mary," is
Association, now in their second year, have well characterized in its sub-title as "à con-
met with great favor. Monographs are issued I tribution to the history of higher education,


THE DIAL
(July,
with suggestions for its national promotion." | ambitious genins of Napoleon,-Mr. Lecky
The venerable College of William and Mary, i writes as follows:
now without a student, played an important: "The outbreak of the war of 1793, closing the
part in the earlier history of Virginia, and it'peaceful period of the ministry of Pitt, forms an
maintained a “close connection between edu- appropriste termination for the history of England
cation and good citizenship,” that made it in the eighteenth century, though it will be neces-
", seminary of statesmen." The story of
sary for the completion of my narrative to carry
Washington's and Jefferson's connection with
that portion of my work which relates to Ireland as
far as the legislative union of 1800."
this college, their real for education, and
especially their views of the relation of the
Inasmuch as volume sir brings the history
higher education to the service of the State,
of Ireland only to the year 1793, we may con-
fidently expect that, if allowed to complete
is exceedingly instructive as told by Dr.
Adams. But the most noteworthy chap-
his history on the plan he lays out for him-
self, our author will have at least one more
ters of the monograph are those which con-
tain the author's suggestions. Dr. Adams
volume to add to the two now published;
although that final instalment will be entirely
advocates the plan of a civil academy in
Washington, by means of which “the govern-
confined to the history of Ireland.
ment might easily secure for the civil service
Volumes V. and VI. cover the period from
| the fall of the Coalition Ministry and the com-
wbat West Point and Annapolis have so long
plete victory of Pitt in 1784, to the breaking
provided for the army and navy, viz., well-
trained men for administrative positions re-
out of war with France in 1793,-a term much
quiring expert service." It is proposed that
shorter than that covered by the previous
one student of the grade of bachelor of arts
instalments of the work. These volumes are
in nowise inferior to the earlier ones, in the
shall be appointed upon competitive exami-
skill displayed by the historian in the use of
nation from each congressional district, "to
his materials, or in the clearness and beauty
enjoy government tuition in Washington for
with which he tells his story.
two years in a civil academy, with an allow-
The first two
ance of $600 a year for necessary expenses, as
chapters, however, cannot be expected to in-
terest the American reader so deeply as those
is now done for cadets at West Point and
Annapolis." We cannot bere follow the
which preceded them and told the story of a
details of the idea as they are unfolded by
people who were then one with ourselves.
Professor Adams, but we may further quote
The analyses of character, and the impartial
that “the students should be instructed in
estimates of the great actors in this part of the
physical, historical and economic geography;
drama of English history, are as brilliant and
in political, constitutional, and diplomatic his-
as carefully drawn as ever. Especially is this
to be noted in the case of the younger Pitt,
tory; in the modern languages; and in all
whose administration, beginning with the year
branches of political science, including polit-
ical economy, statistics, forestry, administra-
1784, extended over and beyond the whole
tion, international law, comparative methods
series of years covered by the present instal-
of legislation, and comparative politics." Half
ment of the history. The chapters thus form
no inadequate biography of the great states-
a dozen years ago it would have been impos
sible to get serious consideration for such a
man who reigned supreme in Parliament for
plan. Yet it is through the medium of a
the whole period, supported by a majority
which rendered all opposition insignificant if
government document that the plan is now
not contemptible.
outlined, and its general discussion as a prac-
tical proposal has already begun. There could
But matters of internal government, finance,
and commerce, and even the general course of
hardly be a more significant mark of the new
foreign relations in a time of profound peace,
influence in American affairs that the univer.
can hardly be made as entertaining to the
sity study of political science is gaining.
ALBERT SHAW.
general reader, though they may be as in-
structive to the student, as the work which
occupies the statesmen and generals of a coun-
try involved in war with other nations. Hence
ENGLAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
the first two chapters of the present volumes
At the close of chapter twenty-two, in the are less attractive than those which succeed
sixth volume of his “History of England in them and tell of the inception of the great
the Eighteenth Century," having reached the
social and political revolution in France,
opening of tbe great war with France-
which involved in ruin the ancient monarchy
which did not really end until the victory at of that country, stripped a king of his power
Waterloo relieved Europe of all fears from the and brought him to the scaffold, and ended in
establishing in France the military despotism
HISTORY OF ENGLAND IN THE EURTEENTH CES.
of Bonaparte and involving all Europe in war.
TERY. By W. L H. Lecky. Vols V and "I New
York D. Appleton & Co
But even in these first chapters, the sections


1887.)
65
THE DIAL
devoted to the Regency,—which became a | A profound change in the character of the govern-
matter of absorbing importance to England ment and institutions of France had indeed become
when George the Third had his first attack of
inevitable, but such a change need not have been a
madness, in October, 1788,-are deeply inter-
revolution. ..In spite of the wars and
debts of Louis XIV., in spite of the vices and in-
esting, as affording an example of the way in
capacity of the Regency and of Louis XV., in
which the Anglo-Saxon ever seeks to settle an
spíte of much class selfishness and a great subver-
unexpected or extraordinary crisis in his con sion of ancient opinions, the position of the French
stitutional government,--such as that which monarchy on the accession of Louis XVI. was far
England was called upon to meet and provide from desperate. If a Henry IV. or a Frederick
for in 1688, or that which the people of this
the Great had then mounted the throne, or if Louis
country had to solve after the Presidential
XVI. had found for his minister a Richelieu or a
Pitt, a Cavour or a Bismarck, France would never
election of 1876. The general sketch of
have drifted into anarchy."
European politics during the latter part of
the eighteenth century, before the troubles in
The author traces, in a very interesting way,
France began, is clear and satisfactory; as is
the first effects of the Revolution on English
also the narrative of the schemes of the
politics, and continues with an account of its
various continental monarchs and the almost
progress and the complications in Europe
complete fruitlessness and failure of the plots
which led to war. He describes with great
and counterplots entered into for the purpose
fulness the relations between France and En-
of obtaining some increase of territory,-
gland arising from the Revolution and the
wholly inadequate, as it now seems, to com-
European war on which France had entered,
pensate for the losses in men and money,
the negotiations between the two countries,
which the resulting wars entailed. The
and the manifest determination of the En-
reader gets from these pages a very fair idea
glish government to remain neutral, if this
of the issues of that time, as well as of the
was possible without loss of honor or without
chief actors upon the stage of Europe; such
violating obligations to which England was
as Catherine of Russia, Gustavus III. of
irrevocably pledged. He treats with consid-
Sweden, Joseph II. of Austria, and many
erable minuteness the circumstances of the
others.
final rupture between the two nations, which
Chapters twenty, twenty-one and twenty-
in 1793 closed the history of the century, so
two are devoted to the French Revolution,
far as concerned England, by introducing into
its causes and progress, its effects on English
her politics a new era which belongs rather to
politics, and the relations existing during its
the nineteenth than to the eighteenth century.
early stages between England and France.
A very readable chapter is devoted to
Having stated the profound influence upon
the subjects of dress, manners, popular
English history whích the Revolution exer-
amusements, art, education, agriculture and
cised in the latter years of the eighteenth
manufactures in England during the latter
part of the eighteenth century; the rise
century, Mr. Lecky proceeds to consider its
literary antecedents, as shown by the great
of that vast commerce which England now
change in spirit which may be detected in
holds so firmly; the changes made by the
French literature, and especially in the works
inventions in spinning, weaving, and the appli-
of Voltaire and his followers, ending in the
cation of steam to the development of the
total alienation of the French intellect from
factory system, with the horrors of its system
Christianity. He draws the conclusion that
of white slavery; the penal code, and the
this influence, though real, has been greatly
prevalence of crime; and, lastly, the slave-
exaggerated, and that the first signs of a po-
trade and the agitation to abolish the infamous
litical opposition are not to be found in the
system on which it depended. This chapter
writings of the philosophers, but in those
is of all those now published the most inter-
conflicts between the court and the parlia-
esting and instructive, and will of itself
ments which form so large a part of French
amply repay one for the time spent in reading
history during the first seventy years of the
the two volumes. In fact, it is in chapters of
century. He then passes to a consideration
this nature that Mr. Lecky shows himself at
of these conflicts, and of the character of the
his best. It is doubtful if there is any other
government of France; and closes chapter
work that gives so good a general picture of
twenty with an extended sketch of the reign
the country whose history he is telling, in its
of Louis XVI. down to the day of the capture
social and industrial aspects, in the every day
of the Bastile. He concludes this subject as
life and work of its people, and in the influence
follows:
of its institutions.
In this day, when the troubles of Ireland
"To me, at least, it appears that the French
Revolution, though undoubtedly prepared by
and the problems of home-rule are occupying
causes which had been in operation for centuries,
so much of the attention of all men in this
might, till within a very few years of the catas country as well as in England, it is hardly
trophe, have been with no great difficulty averted. too much to say that nine-tenths of those who


66
THE DIAL
[July,
= =-- -- -- -- -------- - --
--------- --
- - - -
take up Mr. Lecky's new volumes will turn
RECENT FICTION.*
with most eagerness and expectation to the
In writing the romance of “Saracinesca,”
chapters which he has devoted to that period
Mr. Crawford seems to have set out to produce
of Irish history when Ireland had a parliament
his magnum opus. The conception of the
of her own, well-nigh independent, on all
work is larger than that of any of its predeces-
matters of domestic government, of the par-
sors, the characterization is in every way former,
liament which sat in London. The history
and there is a substantial background furnished
of Ireland is brought down to the year 1793;
by the political and social condition of Rome
and the author shows, with much clearness
during the past score of years, a background
and by many citations, the difficulties and
which is filled in from the writer's knowledge
obstacles encountered, under the constitution
at first-hand, the subject being one with which
of 1782, by the various viceroys of the island
he is thoroughly familiar. The volume now
and by the statesmen who were active and
published, substantial as it is, appears to be
prominent there during this period. He
but the first portion of a narrative which has
shows also the success which attended the
great possibilities of extension. “The first
government of Ireland by its own legislature,
act,” Mr. Crawford calls it, and if the scale is
the general increase of prosperity in the
country, and the various reforms which were
preserved there are many more “acts” to
come, for he announces his intention of fol-
carried out. His picture of the condition of
lowing the fortunes of the Saracinesca through a
Ireland in the earlier years of its independent
period of twenty years, while the events of the
parliament, he admits, “ differs widely from
volume before us cover but one of these years.
the impression which is very general in En-
The stirring events of 1866 and 1870 will af.
gland."
ford good material for the volumes to come,
"The true history of the Irish Parliament is to
and Mr. Crawford will handle this material
be found in the excellent reports of its debates; in
skilfully, although, we fear, in a spirit more
the Irish Statute Book, which contains the results
of its work; in the volumes of those contemporary
than justifiably sympathetic with the politic Ca-
writers who have most fully examined the industrial
vour and the despotic Pius IX. The only great
conditions of Ireland under its rule. . . . . historical figure introduced into the present
The parliamentary system of the eighteenth cen volume is that of the unscrupulous Antonelli,
tury might be represented in very different lights and it is outlined with much care. On the
by its enemies and by its friends. Its enemies whole, Mr. Crawford's novel is the best that
would describe it as essentially government carried
the season has produced.
on through the instrumentality of a corrupt
“The Jesuit's Ring,” by Mr. A. A. Hayes,
oligarchy. . . . Its friends would describe it
as essentially the government of Ireland by the
blends happily the romance of early American
gentlemen of Ireland and especially by its landlord
* SARACINESCA. By F. Marion Crawford. New York:
class. Neither representation would be altogether
Macmillan & Co.
true, but each contains a large measure of truth.
THE JESUIT'S RING. A Romance of Mount Desert. By
... The Irish Parliament was a body consist-
Augustus Allen Hayes, New York: Charles Scribner's
ing very largely of independent country gentlemen, Sons.
who, on nearly all questions affecting the econom- | Miss BAYLE'S ROMANCE. A Story of To.day. New
ical and industrial development of the country, had York: Henry Holt & Co.
a powerful if not a decisive influence. The lines ZURY: THE MEANEST MAN IN SPRING COUNTY. By
of party were but faintly drawn. Most questions
Joseph Kirkland. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE FEUD OF OAKFIELD CREEK. A Novel of California
were settled by mutual compromise or general con-
currence, and it was in reality only in a small
Life. By Josiah Royce. Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co.
THE STORY OF A NEW YORK HOUSE. By H. C. Bunner.
class of political questions that the corrupt power
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
of government seems to have been strained.
THE WOODLANDERS. A Novel. By Thomas Hardy.
... Most of the work done was of that prac New York: Harper & Brothers.
tical and unobtrusive character which leaves no SABINA ZEMBRA. A Novel. By William Black. New
trace in history, and, except during the conflict on
York: Harper & Brothers.
the Regency question, the parliamentary machine THE BRIDE OF THE NILE. By Georg Ebers. In two
moved on with very little friction or disturbance."
voluines. From the German, by Clara Bell. New York:
William S. Gottsberger,
Mr. Lecky considers that the merits or BALDINE, AND OTHER TALES. By Carl Erdmann Edler.
demerits, the failure or the success, of the old Translated from the German by the Earl of Lytton. New
York: Harper & Brothers.
Irish Parliament has no real bearing on modern
THE BUCHHOLZ FAMILY. Second Part. By Julius
schemes for reconstructing the government of
stinde. Translated by L. Dora Schmitz New York:
Ireland, such as are now agitating the public Charles Scribner's Sons.
mind in that island and in Great Britain; SIGRID. AN ICELAND LOVE STORY. By Jon Thortharson
and that the history of Ireland during the
Thoroddsen. Translated from the Danish by C. Chrest.
New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
period covered is only interesting in the most
THE STARTLING EXPLOITS OF DR. J. B. QUIÊs. From
general way, if at all, as showing the capacity the French of Paul Célière by Mrs. Cashel Hoey and Mr.
of the Irish for home-rule.
John Lillie. New York: Harper & Brothers,
THE RUSTY LINCHPIN AND LUBOFF ARCHIPOVNA. After
the Russian of Mme. Kokbanovsky. By M. M. S. 'id
Wm. Eliot Furness.
| J. L. E. Boston: D. Lothrop 00.
urs


1887.)
67
THE DIAL
P
settlement with the matter-of-fact conditions realist, and, farther, shows him to be closely
of modern life. The central incident of the in sympathy with the most remarkable Eng.
story is the loss of a ring upon Mount Desert lish writer of realistic novels, Mr. Thomas
Island by a Jesuit missionary of the seven Hardy. The method and the spirit of Hardy
teenth century, and the finding of this ring by are there, although the scene is so widely dif.
a nineteenth century American. A prologue ferent. Mr. Kirkland's rustics are Minois
tells of the founding of the mission of Saint farmers, and they speak the language of their
Sauveur upon the island in 1613. The subse. section, a speech as unabashed when set down
quent portion of the work presents a picture of in cold print as it is when heard in the farm.
the fashionable summer resort of the present house or the country "store.” The success of
day. The story is in the main a modern soci Mr. Kirkland's narrative may be judged from
ety novel, but an exceptionally clever one; it the fact that its five hundred and more pages,
is redeemed from the utter barrenness of most written for the most part in a dialect as diver.
such novels by the romantic and ideal element gent from orthodox English as Scotch or York-
provided by the ring episode. The author sbire, do not become wearisome to the reader.
displays the ungodly haste generally exhib Two things serve to tide the story over the
ited by modern novelists to set two rather danger of dulness: first, the interest which it
commonplace young people at their wits' ends derives from the fact of its being based upon
for love of one another, but he is a good ob- familiar and faithful observation of the scenes
server, both of society and landscape, and and people which it deals with; and, second,
something of a humorist besides, so that his the quiet humor which enlivens it at many
story is a very attractive one, and set forth points. As for Zury himself, while he is
with excellent taste.
doubtless mean enough to justify the title in
“Miss Bayle's Romance" is an account of which he himself glories, his meanness is not
the very extraordinary sayings and doings of underhanded; it is open and avowed, and
a Chicago girl in Europe. When Miss Bayle takes no one by surprise. And his character
goes to Europe she is engaged to a certain comes at last to be so wrought upon by the
Tom Bates, who is described as a “clerk in a emotion of paternity, that his meanness gives
dry goods store and a member of the Chicago | way, after a desperate struggle, to the latent
Literary Club.” Tom, however, is soon better impulses of his nature; and the reader
abandoned for Lord Plowden Eton, son of the is led to "first endure, then pity, then em.
Duke of Windsor, and described as “replete brace," figuratively, the old fellow. The
with good old English prejudices.” After the chief criticism to be made upon the book is
marriage, Miss Bayle writes of her husband to that the central incident, which is responsible
Sadie, her bosom friend in Chicago, after this for Zury's change of heart, is so obscurely
fashion: "He is going into politics and I have stated that it takes a very careful reader to
promised to teach him to run English politics realize its import as early as he should to appre-
on Western principles. He is a first-class ciate what follows, and it would be quite pos-
speaker, quite as good as Long John Went sible for a reader not so careful to read the
worth, whom I thought the finest I ever story through to the end and miss the point of
beard." This will do very well as illustrative it altogether. The subject was a delicate one
of Miss Bayle's use of language, but the trouble to deal with, but a little less hesitancy to speak
is that it is also a very fair specimen of the writ plainly on the author's part would have made
er's own style; which is equivalent to saying an artistic improvement. There are one or
that the book is altogether beneath criticism. I two points to be noted in the way of minor
Such a combination, indeed, of bad writing, criticism. There is at times rather more ef-
crude dialogue, and vulgar sentiment, is not fort on the author's part to be instructive than
often found between the covers of one book. consists with good novel-writing. Then there
When we add to these faults the absolute is an occasional intrusion of the writer with
shapelessness of the whole story and the ill some such statement of one of his characters,
bred personalities in which it abounds, we as “She remembers this to the present day,"
have a showing which should hardly encour which mars the artistic effect. Then Mr.
age a reader to waste his time in its perusal. Kirkland's botany is a trifle inaccurate. He
A man who is admittedly and avowedly speaks in one place of “lady-slippers and
* mean" is a sort of hero for whom fiction of golden-rods” as in bloom at the same time,
the romantic type could find no place, unless and in another makes the flowering of the blue
is were to use him as a foil to some noble and gentian and the tiger lily similarly contiguous,
disinterested character. In taking “Zury, the both of which coincidences are highly improb.
Meanest Man in Spring County" for his hero, able, if not altogether impossible.
it is evident that Mr. Kirkland has eschewed “How long I am about it!” is the exclama.
romanticism and all its ways. An examination of one of the characters in “ The Feud of
tion of the novel, extended beyond its title, Oakfield Creek," engaged at the moment in a
shows the author to be an uncompromising 1 little explanation. The remark is one which


68
(July,
THE DIAL
the author must have made himself many times subtle observation, and the grim realism
during the composition of the work, for so with which the readers of Hardy are familiar.
simple a story has rarely been told at so tedi. | Probably no woodlanders ever lalked as these
ous a length, Prof. Royce can hardly be said | are made to, but what they say is amusing
to bave the qualifications necessary to the suc enough, and the background of it all is the
cessful novelist. He is unbearably prolix, work of a master. The story reminds us, more
leaving nothing to be inferred by the intelli than most of the author's work, of the chief
gence of the reader, nor has he anything of American exponent of realism in fiction, and
the dramatic ability which many of his scenes this is not high praise. Of course, large al-
demand for their proper presentation. This lowances hare to be made for differences of
leaves little to be said for the novel before us. scene, but the effect is not greatly dissimilar.
It is gracefully written, what small amount of The final reconciliation of Grace and her hus-
local coloring it has is effectively applied, and band, after the lover of each has been conven-
it contains an occasional page delightful for iently dispatched, is about as commonplace
its own sake. We cannot refrain from quota | an ending as a story often has, without saying
tion of the following gem-the reflections of a anything of its entire neglect of the demands
California millionaire on the subject of litera of art. To say that people act thus in real
ture.
life does not justify their so acting in the
" I've read in my day bushels of poems as full of novel, at least upon the principles of any higher
damned nonsense as these are. That's just litera. school of fiction than the photographic one.
ture, you see. A fellow reels off that sort of thing
Mr. Black's new novel is a love-story marred
by the mile, when he has the hang of it, just to
show what he can do. He doesn't mean a word of
by an undue amount of horse-talk. The lan-
it. Everybody knows that any great poet gets fa-
guage of yachting has given place to that of
mous by telling lies in a sort of way that makes you
the turf, and the change is not for the better.
like to take note of 'em, as it were. It's how he The first chapters of the book are devoted
earns his living, you perceive, namely, by pretend mainly to a description of the dreadful state of
ing to be pious, or drunk, or in love with another mind of a young artist who is in love with
man's wife, or excited any way, and then raising an Sabina; the bulk of what follows is concerned
infernal row over it all. I've known poets before,
with the brutal treatment of Sabina by the
sir, in my life, men that have visited with me from
jockey whom she has the bad taste to prefer
the East, or that have gone hunting with me, or
once or twice that have been in business near me, and
io the artist and to marry. At the end, the
been my friends for years. They're, like enough, jockey obligingly commits suicide, and Sabina
rather no-account men, if you choose, but they're marries the artist, to the satisfaction of all
all as mild as skim-milk, -except, to be sure, All concerned. That part of the story which is
Escott. Mostly they don't know enough to be bad, not horse-talk is told in Mr. Black's charming
sir. They're too childish-minded, as it were. As
style; but the work cannot, as a whole, be
for what they say, I tell you, that's just literature,
classed with his succeses.
nothing more in God's world!"
The taste for translations of foreign fiction
Mr. Bunner's stories have the charm of un-
seems to be on the increase. The recent pop-
failing taste and delicate literary art. "The ularity of the Russian novelists is but one of
Story of a New York House" is a sketch of
many indications of this fact. Every sea-
the fortunes of an old New York family dur.
son brings us a considerable number of trans.
ing three generations, with the growth of the lations from various languages, very poor
great city for a background. The life of by-
translations as a rule, but, such as they are, in
gone days is outlined with a faithful hand, much demand, and the appetite for them
and the writer seems to love thus to linger in
grows apace with what it feeds on. The most
the city's past. The story is hardly more than important of the translations now before us
a trifle, but it is an exquisite one, and worth is probably that of "The Bride of the Nile,"
more than many a novel of more substance the latest work of the industrious Prof. Ebers.
and pretension.
The date of the work is placed in the middle of
“The Woodlanders" ought to be a tragedy, the seventh century of our era, the period im-
but fails from lack of seriousness. The story mediately following the conquest of Egypt by
of the simple-hearted, loving Giles Winter the rapidly growing power of Islam. The
bourne is tragic enough when taken by itself, Moslem government of Egypt then, and the
but the accessories are not in keeping, and the antagonism between the Jacobite and Mel.
impression of the whole is disagreeable. Grace chite sects of the Christian population of the
Medbury is not worthy of the depth of affec province, form the historical framework of
tion which leads him to sacrifice his life for what is, in the main, a domestic romance, no
her, and the author can hardly be exculpated historical events of any great magnitude being
from a touch of wantonness in the portrayal of woven into its fabric. The present work is,
his sufferings. They are not adequately ac. on the whole, distinctly inferior to most of its
counted for by the conditions of the narrative. predecessors. It must be admitted that Prof.
Otherwise, the book has all the ingenuity, the Ebers has fallen into that bottomless abyss of


1887.)
69
THE DIAL
prolixity which lies in the path of all success considered as a mother-in-law, although there
ful novelists, and which few of them have are many subsidiary episodes. The sketches
the resolution to shun. The over-pronounced in this volume still deal with Berlin life from
erudition of his earlier works has given way to the bourgeois standpoint, and show the same
an overabundant resort to the commonplace keen and humorous observation which were
for the purpose of expanding his productions | distinctive of the former one. The translation
to marketable size. The contents of these two is a little careless, but in the main, reproductive
volumes might easily have been condensed l of the spirit of the original. We hope that
into one, and even that would have been it will be speedily followed by “Die Buchholz-
rather too tenuous to sustain the interest at all en in Italien," published in the original some
points. A few spirited chapters alone partly time ago.
redeem the work from its many lapses into “Sigrid" is the simplest sort of a story,
aimlessness and triviality.
bat interesting for its faithful portraiture of
The Earl of Lytton has done readers a real peasant life in Iceland. It is the work of
service in translating the three stories which Jon Thortharson Thoroddsen, a popular Ice-
form the volume entitled “ Baldine and Other landic poet, who died in 1868. The present
Tales." They are from the German of Edler, translation has two marked defects. In the
a writer comparatively unknown abroad, but first place, it is made at second-hand, being
occupying a high place in the esteem of his taken through the Danish, a method which is
countrymen, and the author of a considerable always to be deprecated. In the second place,
number of romances. Of the accuracy of the the translator has not been sufficiently careful
translation we cannot speak, not having the to avoid the use of English words of Latin
original at hand, but Lord Lytton's introduc derivation. To do this entirely is, of course,
tory sketch contains so many blunders that utterly impossible, but care should be taken to
one is not predisposed to place much confi restrict their use as much as possible. Much
dence in his work as a translator. In this of the spirit and the charm of Scandinavian
sketch we find among other mistakes. “Ekker- literature depends upon its being written in a
hard” for “Ekkehard,” “Kleinstättig" for purely Teutonic form of speech, and this is
“ Kleinstädtisch,” “Seckingen” for “Säck. particularly true of that literature which deals
ingen,” “Weltschmertz" (repeated ) for either with the homely aspects of life, or with
* Weltschmerz," and, most extraordinary of the material offered by the old history and
all, a reference to Freytag's “Sollen und mythology of the northern peoples.
Haben"! This sketch contains also two poet. "The Startling Exploits of Dr. J. B. Quiès "
ical quotations, one from “Samson Agonistes," is a story of burlesque adventure from the
one from the sonnet of Keats on Chapman's French of M. Paul Célière. It may be de-
Homer; and both are misquoted. Judging scribed as a weak imitation of Daudet's im-
from these indications, it would hardly be safe mortal “Tartarin.” Dr. Quiès is a harmless
to depend upon the accuracy of the transla and quiet-loving Frenchman of Saint-Pignon
tion itself, but, taking the stories as we find les Girouettes who becomes a famous traveller
them, they are very charming, and a marked greatly against his will, very much as Tar-
degree of genius shines through Lord Lytton's tarin becomes a famous Alpinist in spite of his
version of them. Edler's work is essentially inclination to stay at home and bask in the
poetio in its conception, and he has close aflin sunshine of his fame as a lion-hunter. By an
ities with the romantic writers of the last gen unheard-of series of accidents, Dr. Quies is
eration. But there is a concreteness and a snatched away from his home, gets carried to
definiteness to the human interest embodied in Algiers, and thence through the desert to
his tales which distinguishes them from such Khartoum. Reaching home after all these
productions as the romances of Tieck and terrible experiences, he finds himself again im.
Hoffman. Their burden is strongly pathetic, pelled forth in the direction of the Danubian
but the pathos is not wholly unrelieved. The principalities, and, to crown his adventure,
author, in his translator's phrase "reconciles carried thence to parts unknown by a balloon,
our imagination to the real sorrowfulness of He reaches home again after the most exten-
the world by revealing to it the ideal loveli. | sive wanderings, just in time to witness the
ness of sorrow."
unveiling of the statue erected by his fellow-
A second instalment of “The Buchholz townsmen to his late lamented self. The story
Family," the first part of which was reviewed is mildly amusing and contains a great num.
in Tue Dual for last December, has just been ber of spirited illustrations.
published, the translation being by the same The interest in Russian fiction is still being
band. It is quite as delightful as the first, | "exploited " by our literary workers, and now
and its popularity in Germany is evidenced that the greater writers, from Gogol to Tols-
by the fact that this translation is from the toi, have been presented to us, it is but natural
forty-second edition of the original. Its prin- for a long train of the lesser ones to follow.
cipal theme may be said to be Frau Buchholz I In this train comes Madame Kakhanovsky


70
[July,
THE DIAL
with two short and simple stories called “The must be a clear conception of the character of the
Rusty Linchpin” and “Luboff Archipovna.” people, which, oriental in its derivation, differs
They picture the uneventful life of the prov.
radically from that of western nations, and conse-
inces with what seems to be a delicate and
quently demands different conditions and modes
of development. Next to their racial peculiarities
a faithful touch. They bring us very close
it is necessary to consider their religious nature,
to that strange civilization which has lately
which, by its singular devotion and fanaticism, has
become so fascinating to western readers, and a predominant influence over their lives and in no
help us to realize how truly the aims and the small degree has affected the policy of their govern-
emotions of common life are the same under ment. The civil histories of Russia do not treat
all garbs and in all lands. The translation reads this important factor in the national disposition and
smoothly, and seems to have been made with
destiny with the fulness it deserves. Their scope
does not admit of it. Much of this omission is
some care. It has, however, the appearance of
supplied by Mr. Heard's able work on “The Russian
a greater freedom than is permitted to work
Church and Russian Dissent" (Harper). The title
of this description.
has an austere sound which may repel, but the
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. substance of the book is as pleasing as any of the
lighter forms of narrative. The author has gained
the qualifications for a successful exposition of his
topic from a long residence among Russians, from
official service for the government, and from a study
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
of the best authorities in the literature of different
THE History Company of San Francisco have nations most closely related to Russia. As it is
issued the third volume of Mr. H. H. Bancroft's impossible to separate the Russian state from the
• Central America," and this section of his “Pa Russian church, Mr. Heard gives an outline of its
cific Coast Histories" is now complete. The two history since the introduction of Christianity within
preceding volumes brought the history of this its domain in the ninth century; and many events
little-known region down to 1800; and the volume
in the process of its growth are set in a clearer
at hand continues it to the present year. These
light. The reader of this book is better able to
eighty-seven years have been, perhaps, the most understand the religious element which entered into
eventful of the country's career. With the dawn the controversy over Poland and led to its parti-
of the century the Central American states threw
tion and final absorption, and which impels the Tsar,
off the Spanish yoke. Independence was obtained as defender of the orthodox faith, to interfere when
by simple declaration, and without the strife and the Sultan oppresses those of his subjects who claim
bloodshed that marked the emancipation of other its protection. The deeper insight gained in these
Spanish-American colonies. On gaining their cases extends over the centuries of Russia's Christian
freedom, the five little states-Costa Rica, Nicara experience, disclosing the guiding motives in much
gua, Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, -instead that has been mysterious and misinterpreted in her
of joining their fortunes and thereby forming a political conduct.
powerful nation, struck out each for itself. The
result has been constant dissension and dispute MR. J. B. BOUTON's journey “Roundabout to
among them. In 1824 an effort was made to unite Moscow" (Appleton) did not depart from the routes
the countries, and in 1825 a constitution, modelled commonly followed by travellers in search of points
after our own, was sworn to and ratified; but after of signal interest within the boundaries of Europe.
fifteen stormy years this confederation was broken It ran from Paris to Nice, Monaco, the chief Italian
up. Attempts at reunion were made in 1852, in cities, through the Alpine region, a part of Austria
1871-6, and in 1885; but every such experiment and Germany to St. Petersburg and Moscow, and
has failed, and from 1840 the history of Central thence back to Amsterdam by way of Sweden and
America is that of five separate republics. The Norway. Every step was on territory that has been
first ten chapters of Mr. Bancroft's book describe described innumerable times; and yet, as we go
the course of events to the downfall of the union. over it again with Mr. Bouton, new scenes and ex-
Then follow five chapters giving each the history periences open on every side. They are evoked by
of a single state for about twenty years more. Two the peculiar personality of our companion and
chapters give an elaborate account of the schemes guide, who is a shrewd traveller, keen and quick of
and motives of Walker in his filibustering expedi comprehension, amiable, sprightly, versed in the
tion in Nicaragua. Very interesting descriptions
manners of the world, full of resources, and equal
are given of the character and customs of the Cen to most emergencies. A large portion of his vol-
tral American peoples, their intellectual advance-
ume is occupied with his tour in Russia, which,
ment and industrial progress. One chapter is although not extending beyond the two capital
devoted to the judicial and military systems as cities, was fruitful in information of a surprising
they now stand, and another to the commerce
character. He crossed the frontiers of the Empire
and finance of the states. The important subject with many prejudices against it, but seems to have
of interoceanic communication receives careful at departed from the country leaving most of them
tention; and a valuable summary of the many behind. What he saw and heard in his intercourse
schemes projected for cutting across the isthmus, by with the people contradicted what he had read. He
railway or canal, is given at the close of the vol does not give space to arguments on the subject;
ume, which is one of the best thus far issued in he simply records his observations in his usually
Mr. Bancroft's series.
sprightly and effective manner, leaving to the oppor-
tunity afforded by his preface the few serious reflec-
It is not easy to reach a true understanding of the tions he has to make on the actual condition of
institutions of Russia. To judge them justly, there | Russia.


1887.)
71
THE DIAL
MR. THOMAS STEVENS's narrative of his journey as delegate to the World's Anti-Slavery convention
* Around the World on a Bicycle” (Scribner) in London. Mr. Stanton was a prolific contributor
forms a notable chapter in the history of bold to the newspapers and magazines, and wrote a vol.
enterprises. Alone on his wheel he crossed the ume on the * Reforms and Reformers of Great
continents of America and Europe, and penetrated Britain and Ireland." He met most of the promi.
Asia to the heart of Persia, without serious mishap, nent personages of his time, and gained a knowl-
but with a succession of novel and stirring experi edge of their private history. Almost every name
ences. Wherever he appeared his passage created of importance in our country's history during the
excitement, and at every point he was the centre of last half-century is mentioned in his “Recollec-
curiosity. In civilized countries the attention thus tions," and in connection with some significant in.
awakened was quite agreeable; but long before he cident or ainusing anecdote.
left the confines of Europe he encountered semi-
THE posthumous volume added to the collection
barbarous peoples who regarded him and his strange
machine with wonder or terror, and often made his
of E. P. Whipple's writings, published by Ticknor
path difficult by their rude and meddlesome ob.
& Co., takes its name of "American Literature" from
structions. Mr. Stevens, by his coolness and ready
the first and largest of the five papers which it com,
wit, was able to extricate himself from positions
prises. The second, on “Daniel Webster as a Master
that often threatened to be embarrassing. His
of English Style," was prepared originally as an
introduction to “ Webster's Great Speeches and Ora-
bicycle proved a toy with which he could beguile
and divert most natives even among the Asiatics;
tions." The remaining essays have for their respect-
and with some exercise of patience and fortitude,
ive topics, “Emerson and Carlyle," " Emerson as a
he was able to bear the hardships attendant upon
Poet," and "Character and Genius of Thomas Starr
King." The opening article reviews the works
his undertaking. He displayed his skill in riding
which have given solidity and brilliancy to Amer-
before the Shah of Persia; and in the capital of
ican letters during the first century of the republic,
this sovereign, as at every other resting-place along
his route, he was treated with consideration by the
touching swiftly the prominent authors in the dif.
ferent departments of belles-lettres, and character-
highest dignitaries. Mr. Stevens's book is hand-
izing each with vivid and well chosen terms. In
somely published by Scribner's Sons, with over a
hundred illustrations and a frontispiece portrait of
his preliminary remarks in the second essay, Mr.
Whipple gives a practical discourse on the method
the author.
of teaching children the art of writing, which is
worth the price of the volume.
THE able hands that arranged the various and
The poet Whittier
adds to the interest of this volume of essays by a
faded features of “The Story of Chaldea" in a
preface testifying to the warmth of his friendship
clear and continuous view, have accomplished the
same laborious work for its successor among the
for the lamented author.
nations of antiquity. "The Story of Assyria," by In the title of his latest volume of sermons,
Znaide A. Ragozin, is one of the most scholarly “The Appeal to Life" (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.),
works in the series of "Stories of the Nations" the Rev. T. T. Munger intimates the broad aim of
(Putnam). It will be less popular than some, for his religious teaching-to disclose the confirmation
the time and people of whom it treats are so remote of divine revelation which is afforded in human life.
they have ceased to have a living interest for any The first ten sermons in the collection were deliv.
but the studiously inclined. Moreover, portions ofered from the pulpit, and treat topics which pertain
the history in which confused and obscure annals to daily living. The remaining four are more
have to be carefully scanned, their mythic passages purely literary discourses intended for the general
cast away, and the verified narratives built together reader, and deal with questions connected with the
on renewed foundations, can scarcely avoid the relations of modern science and thought with the
charge of dulness, however skilfully manipulated. tenets of revealed religion. The forcible thought,
Yet there are very attractive episodes and chapters the strong intellectual grasp, the rational tone, and
included in the story,—those, for example, which the vigorous, compact style, which have given Mr.
depict the career of the Phænicians, the religion of Munger eminence as a preacher and essayist, are
the sons of Canaan, the relations of Assyria with distinctly manifest in these discourses. Each
Israel, and the achievements of the great monarchs of them has substance enough for many sermons,
who upheld and extended the glory of the nation. which the serious reader is impelled to elaborate in
In such parts of her work the author has had room
his private meditations.
to exercise her skill as a narrator. Even in the
lighter pages the learning of Madam Ragozin, MR. J. R. GILMORE (Edmund Kirke) has been so
and her command of oriental history, are plainly impressed by the character of the principal person-
manifest.
age in his “Rear-Guard of the Revolution," that
he has prepared a second work, "John Sevier as a
MR. HENRY B. STANTON'S “Random Recollec. Commonwealth-builder" (Appleton), for the purpose
tions" (Harper) form a storehouse of valuable of still further commemorating his heroic deeds.
matter pertaining to our civil history in the present In this sequel to the first named book, he follows
century. The author's life, begun in 1805 and the career of Sevier from the peace of 1783 to the
eaded since the advent of 1887, ran through the end of his life in 1817. In collecting the materials
most exciting period of our national career, and was for the biography he has spared no pains to ensure
spent in the thick of the turmoil of public events. their authenticity; while in bringing them together
He became identified with the anti-slavery move and shaping them for perusal, he has performed a
ment in 1834, and continued a resolute champion service to history. Sevier was an able and a brave
of the cause until the passage of the fifteenth man, and the part he took in the settlement and
amendment. In 1840, he went, with his newly. formation of Kentucky deserves to be remembered
married wife, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, to England, by the citizens of that state and of the Union.


72
[July,
THE DIAL
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
Verse by American Writers," a new edition of
"The Book-Lover's Enchiridion," a novel called
KEATS is the subject of the latest volume in the
“Mr. Incoul's Misadventure," by Mr. Edgar Saltus,
“ English Men of Letters " series. The writer is
a volume of essays on Shakespeare by Mr. Appleton
Mr. Sidney Colvin.
Morgan, and a volume of selections from the poetry
VICTOR HUGO's posthumous work, “Choses Vues," of Leigh Hunt.
is to be brought out in an English translation, by MR. JOHN BARTLETT, well known by his « Shake-
George Routledge & Sons.
speare Phrase-Book" and “Familiar Quotations,"
THE Earl of Lytton (“Owen Meredith ") has a sends us his prospectus of “A New and Complete
new volume of poems ready, with the title “After Concordance or "Verbal Index to the Dramatic
Paradise, or Legends of Exile.”
Works of Shakespeare," to contain about sixteen
A VOLUME f “Select Poems by Swinburne" is
hundred pages. It will be a complete concordance
just published by Worthington. The selections,
of words, phrases, and passages to be found in the
which include representations of both his lyric and
plays of Shakespeare, giving each word in its
dramatic pieces, are made by the poet himself.
various uses. The passages are given so full and
entire that in most cases it will be found unneces-
MR. ANDREW LANG's work on folk-lore, which
sary to consult the plays themselves. The adopted
has occupied much of his attention for several years, text is that of the Globe edition, edited by Messrs.
is shortly to be published. It will be in two vol-
Clark and Wright.
umes, with the title “Myth, Ritual, and Religion.”
THE report of the commission appointed by the
TICKNOR & Co. announce: “Home Sanitation," University of Pennsylvania to investigate modern
a manual for housekeepers; “Penelope's Suitors," spiritualism is just published by J. B. Lippincott
a novel of colony days in Massachusetts, by E. L. | Co. This commission was appointed by request of
Bynner; “Prose Pastorals," by H. M. Sylvester; the late Henry Seybert, who founded a chair of
and revised editions of their “American Guide-
philosophy at the university; and among its mem-
Books” for 1887.
bers are Dr. H. H. Furness, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell,
C.W. MOULTON & Co., of Buffalo, whose projected Dr. Wm. Pepper, and other well-known men. Their
magazine, "The Modern Muse," was announced in report is a very full statement of their experiences
our last issue, request us to say that the publica as investigators, which seem to have been some-
tion will contain only poetry which has previously what unsatisfactory in results. The same publishers
appeared in print, -not original poetry, as we issue, as a companion volume to the above, “Nine-
erroneously stated.
teenth Century Sense, the Paradox of Spiritualism,"
A SERIES of biographies of leading French authors,
by John Darby, author of “Odd Hours of a Physi-
somewhat in the manner of the English Men of cian," etc.
Letters” series, is shortly to be begun in Paris. MACMILLAN & Co. have just issued a “Victoria”
Eighteen volumes have already been arranged for. edition of Shakespeare in three volumes, dedicated
The first two will be given to Victor Cousin and by special permission to the Queen. It is printed
Mad. de Sévigné; the writers being M. Jules Simon from new type, uniform with the single volume
and M. Gaston Boisser.
edition of Lord Tennyson's Poetical Works, and
BRET HARTE's new story, “The Crusade of the
contains a new glossary specially prepared for this
edition by Mr. Aldis Wright. The same publishers
Excelsior," with four illustrations, is just published
by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Also, “The Shay.
announce also the new edition of Boswell's Life of
backs in Camp," a summer book, by S. J. and I. C.
Johnson which the author of “Dr. Johnson, his
Barrows; a treatise on “The Law of Divorce," by
Friends and his Critics," has been preparing for
A. P. Lloyd; and a new edition, revised, of Bacon's
many years. Besides portraits and other illustra-
“Dictionary of Boston."
tions, the work will contain a concordance of
Johnson's sayings and a very elaborate index, this
THE series of monographs on Political Economy
last being intended to form a key to the vast mass
and Public Law, edited by Professor Edmund J.
of literature and anecdote which has accumulated
James and published by the University of Pennsyl-
around the name of Johnson.
vania, treats in its second number the Anti-Rent
Riots in New York, 1839-46, an important but
In connection with the paper on “Political and
hitherto almost entirely neglected chapter in Ameri-
Economic Literature from the Universities,” in this
can economic history. The author is Mr. E. P.
number of THE DIAL, attention may be called to
Cheyney, Instructor of History in the University of
the announcement of the faculty of Political Science
of Columbia College, that they have in preparation
Pennsylvania.
a series of systematic works covering the entire
A new book on China, by Gen. James H. Wilson,
field of political science proper and of the allied
is just published by Appleton & Co. They announce
sciences of public law and economics, and aiming
also, " The College and the Church,” a collection
to present the latest results of institutional devel-
of papers on educational and denominational ques-
opment and of scientific thought in Europe and
tions, reprinted from “The Forum " magazine; “A
America. The series will consist of the following
Game of Chance," a novel by Anne S. Coombs;
volumes: “ History of Political Theories," by Arch-
"A Dateless Bargain,” a novel, by C. L. Pirkis; “In
ibald Alexander; " Comparative Constitutional Law
the Golden Days," a novel, by Edna Lyall; and a
and Politics," by John W. Burgess; “Comparative
new and cheaper edition of “Arius the Libyan."
Constitutional Law of the American Common-
BENJAMIN & BELL, a new publishing firm in New wealths," by F.W.Whitridge; “Historical and Prac-
York City, begin their career with a curious pam tical Political Economy," by Richmond M. Smith;
phlet on “The Poets and Poetry of America," “Historical and Comparative Science of Finance, 'i
believed to have been written by Edgar A. Poe. by Edwin R. A. Seligman; “Comparative Admin-
They announce for immediate issue, “Society | istrative Law and Science," by Frank J. Goodnow;


1887.)
73
THE DIAL
* International Law," by Theodore W. Dwight: Napoleon. J. C. Kopes. Scribner.
Our Hundred Days in Europe. 0. W. Holmes Atlantic.
"Historical and Comparative Jurisprudence," by
Over Education. Pop. Sci. Mo,
Munroe Smith; “Literature of Political Science," Panama Canal, The. 8. F. Weld. Pop. Sci. No.
Portsinouth. Water. Ways of. Louise I. Guiney. Atlantic.
by George H. Baker. The first of these volumes
Princeton. Is it Humanizing? Newman Smyth. Forum.
will be published in December, and the entire series Race Prejudice at Summer Resorts. Forum.
will probably be completed within four years.
Railroad Problem, The W. A. Crafts Atlantie.
Relation the Ultimate Truth, Mary Parinele Forum
THE American Historical Association's fourth River and Harbor Bull. A. B. llart. Mag. Am. Hist.
Sentiment, Decay of. Agnes Kepplier. Allantic.
annual meeting, at Boston, late in May, was, both in
Sherman's ** March to the sea," W. T. Sberman. Century.
attendance and transactions, decidedly the most Sondan Town, A. J. Thomas Harper.
important and encouraging of the gatherings of the
Tenement House Morality. J. 0. s. Huntington. Forum.
Thackeray Letters. Scribner.
society. Of great practical value was, especially,
Thousand Islands, The Grant Allen. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Mr. Justin Winsor's address upon the subject of
Tolstol and the Publio Censor. I. F. Hapgood. Allantic.
U.S. Mail Service. J. M. Bishop. Nag. Ain. Hist.
American historical manuscripts and their collection
University of Va., Life at. J. B. Minor, Jr. Lappincott.
and preservation in various parts of the country. West Point. Charles King. Harper.
The Association, as a result of Mr. Winsor's paper,
West Point and the Army. F. P. Powers. Lappincott.
White House, The Mistress of. Lucy 0. Lillie Lippincott.
appointed a committee to take measures for the Wild Flowers. John Burroughs. Century.
establishment of a governmental commission for
the collection and care of historical manuscripts.
The Boston meeting was held in connection with
the American Economic Association, as many of the
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
members belong to both societies. Next year (in
(The following list contains all Nero Books, American and For.
September) the joint meeting will be held at Colum-
eign, received during the month of Juno by MESERS.
bus, Ohio. The West was further honored in the A. C. MOCLURG & Co., Chioago. )
choice, by the Historical Society, of Dr. W. F.
Poole, of Chicago, as its President for the ensuing
BIOGRAPRY-HISTORY-TRAVEL
year,--a compliment which THE DIAL takes special | Letters of Horatio Greenough to his brother Henry
pleasure in recognizing, since most of Dr. Poole's
Greenough. With Biographical Sketches. Edited by
Frances B. Greenough. 12mo, pp. 250. Ticknor & Co.
historical papers of recent years have been written 81.25.
for its pages. The other newly-elected officers of Around the World on a Bicycle. Vol. 1. From San
the society are: Dr. Charles Kendall Adams, Presi.
Francisco to Teheran. By Thomas Stevens, 8vo, pr.
547. C. Scribner's Sons. $1.00.
dent of Cornell University, and Hon. John Jay, of
The World as We Sare It. By Mrs. Amos R. Little. 4to,
New York, Vice-Presidents; Prof. Herbert B.
pp. 476. Cupples & Hurd. 87.50.
Adams, of Johns Hopkins University, Secretary; C. Letters from the Far East. Being Impressions of a
W. Bowen, of New York, Treasurer; and Hon.
Tour Around the World by way of England, India,
China and Japan during 16S-A. By De Lancey Floyd
Andrew D. White, Hon. George Bancroft, Hon. R. Jones. 8vo, pp. 277. Public Service Publishing Co.
B. Hayes, Mr. Justin Winsor, Prof. John W. Bur-
gess, Prof. Arthur M. Wheeler, and Hon. Wm. The Story of Assyria. From the Rise of the Empire to
the Fall of Nineveh (continned from « The story of
Wirt Henry, Executive ('ouncillors.
Chalder"). By Z. A. Ragozin 12mo, pp. 130. "The
story of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's sons. $1.50.
ESSAYS-BELLES LETTRES-ETO.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
Renaissance in Italy. Part 1. The Catholio Reaction.
JULY, 1897.
By J. A. Symonds. 2 vols., 8vo. I Holt & Co. 87.50.
Richard the Third and The Primrose Criticism. 6o.
Adams, John. George Bancroft. Oentury.
pp. 366. Gilt top. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.00.
Alkestis of Euripides. W.O. Lawton. Atlantic.
eminiscences. By Thomas (arlyle Edited by C. E
Am. Botanists. W. G. Farlow. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Norton. 12mo, pp. 325. Macmillan & Co. $2.50.
Am. Classics in Schools. H. E. Scudder. Allantie.
Am. History, MS Sources of Justin Winsor. Mag. Am. Hist.
Obiter Dicta. Second Series, By Augustine Birrell. 16mo.
Am Students in Gerinany. M. B. Crawford, Century.
pp. 291. Gilt top. C.soribner's sons. $1.00.
Atlanta0. 0. Howard. Century
The Sunny Side of Shadou. Reveries of a Convales.
Books, Making of. R. R. Bowker, Harper.
cent. By Fannie X. Benjamin. Hmo, pp. Ind. Tick
Books that Have Helped Me. A. P. Peabody. Forum.
nor & Co. $100.
Canada. D. A. Poe Forum
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From the Forum Magazine. Svo, pp. 214 D. Appleton
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Men and Manners in America One Hundred Years Ago.
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Human Brain-weights. Joseph Simons. Pop. Sci. Yo. Selected Essays of Joseph Addison. With an Introduc.
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The Sailing of King Olaf, and other Poems. By Alice
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W. Brotherton. 18mo, pp. 145. C. H. Kerr & Co. 01.00.


74
July,
THE DIAL
Drones' Honey. By Sophie May. 12mo, pp. 281. Lee &
Shepard 150.
A Humble Romance, and other Stories. By Mary E.
Wilkins. 12mo, pp. 436. Harper & Bros. 1.es.
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Fugitive Pieces by George Gordon, Lord Byron, A
fac-simile reprint of the suppressed edition of 1806.
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Ne, OKA
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Svo, PP 32 Limited to 500 copies. London. Net, 6.00.
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The Franklin Square Song Collection, No 4 Selected
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met, cents.
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THE DIAL
VOL. VIII. AUGUST, 1887. No. 88. of the sun at noon in a cloudless summer sky
to the faint twinkling of a crescent moon
struggling through mist and rain.
CONTENTS.
The early English dramatists are interesting,
as the early writers of any literary nation
MARSTON'S DRAMATIC WORKS. R. H. Stoddard - 79 must be, to students, who, if true to the tradi-
tions of their guild, are not content with what
THE DEATH OF THE RENAISSANCE. Melville B.
is until they have discovered what was,-
Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
retracing the steps of the immediate present
INTERNATIONAL RULES AND CUSTOMS. James to the remote past. The Elizabethan drama-
0. Pierce ...............
tists are worthy of a careful study from two
different points of view: the dramatic and
NEUMANN'S HISTORY OF MUSIC. George P. Upton 83
the poetic. To be familiar with the tragedies,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 85 comedies, and histories of Shakespeare is to
Mrs. O'Connor's Index to the Works of Shakes. know nothing, or next to nothing, of the bulk
of the dramatic writing of his time. It can-
peare.-Mrs. Reynolds.Winslow's Yesterdays with
not be judged by his work; even the best of
Actors.-Yan Phon Lee's When I was a Boy.-
it cannot be judged by the worst of his,—the
The Seybert Commission on Spiritualism. –
want of resemblance in kind being as great
Darby's Nineteenth Century Sense, the Paradox as the want of resemblance in degree. What
of Spiritualism.-Sylvester's Prose Pastorals. the reading of novels is to-day the seeing of
Miss Claude's Twilight Thoughts. - Hubbard's
plays was then; and as few, very few, of the
Memorials of a Half Century.-Bastin's Elements
many who now read novels are capable of
analyzing them other than as a means of amuse-
of Botany.
ment, only an infinitesimal fraction of Eliza-
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 86 bethan play-goers was capable of analyzing
the dramas which they saw at the Curtain, the
TOPICS IN AUGUST PERIODICALS. ...... 87
Globe, or the Blackfriars. What they wanted
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 87
was plenty of plot, stirring incidents, rapid
- ---- -
- -- - dialogues studded with sonorous speeches; and
provided they got these, they cared for little
MARSTON'S DRAMATIC WORKS.*
else. It was not necessary, and apparently not
The English dramatists, particularly those desirable, that the action of their dramas
who were contemporary with Shakespeare, should be probable, reasonable, or harmonious,
were a race by themselves. They had no and that the men and women therein should
progenitors, unless we may look for them in be moved by emotions and passions that are
the nameless monkish writers of the old myster common to the race.
ies and miracle plays, who began in puerility
The world of the Elizabethan stage was a
and ended in tediousness; and no descendants, heroic, a romantic, a superfine, and an un-
unless we consent to legitimatize the crowd of
moral world. What it was we may see in the
rhyming playwrights who followed in the plays of Middleton, and, in a lesser degree, in
footsteps of Dryden, who was a scholar of | these plays of Marston, which contain, with
the French school when he might have been the one or two exceptions, much more poetry and
founder and master of an English school of much less impurity than those of Middleton.
his own. The difference between the drama Beginning as a narrative poet, of the roman-
tists of the age of Elizabeth and James and tic-classical school, in “The Metamorphosis
the dramatists of the age of Charles the of Pygmalion's Image,” and as a would be
Second and his successors was immense,-
Juvenal in “Certain Satires” and “The Scourge
the former, even the least of them, being poets,
of Villainy,” all of which were published when
while the latter, even the greatest of them, he was about twenty-three, he entered upon
were poetasters. But as one star differeth
his dramatic career some five years later, and
from another star in glory, the light that pursued it for some five years more, when he
shines in every page of Shakespeare's writing, abandoned the stage for the pulpit. Though
when compared with the fitful and doubtful
he lived to the age of sixty, or thereabouts,
light that occasionally glimmers through the but little is known concerning his life, and
writings of his fellows, is as the full radiance most of that little through Ben Jonson, with
whom he had several squabbles, and who
*THE WORKS OF JOHN MARSTON. Edited by A. H.
boasted to Drummond that he had beaten him,
Bullen, B.A. In three volumes. Boston: Houghton,
and who imparted to the credulous Scotch
Midlin & Co.


80
THE DIAL
[Aug.,
- - -- =
poet the fact, or fancy, that “Marston wrote It was bad enough, but it was not corruptly,
his father-in-law's preachings, and his father- rottenly wicked, like the comedies of Con-
in-law his comedies,” which was a clever thing | greve,
to say about a whilom adversary, whether it Mr. Bullen has done his editing of Marston
were true or not. It is not to Marston's dis in the way that we knew he would, from his
credit that he quarrelled with Jonson, who was editions of Middleton and Marlowe,-a way
ready at any time to quarrel with any body, that has hitherto been beyond the scholarship
nor much to the discredit of Jonson, who, if and the temper of any editor of the old
he was irascible, was placable, and even mag English dramatists; with a fulness but not a
nanimous, as he proved by voluntarily sharing parade of learning, a sagacity that is supe-
the imprisonment of Marston for writing rior to conjectures, however plausible and
“ Eastward Ho," with the offending portions brilliant, and a modesty that is all his own.
of which he had nothing whatever to do.
R. H. STODDARD.
Scholars both, Jonson and Marston girded at
each other for the pedantic character of their
- ----- -----
writing, each substantiating his charges as in
the old case of Pot versus Kettle.
THE DEATH OF THE RENAISSANCE.*
It would be difficult to find any writing of his The completion of his great work on the
time which is so inharmonious, so uncouth, so | Renaissance in Italy gives Mr. Symonds an
harsh, and so clumsily obscure, as the satiric indisputable right to a high place among those
writing of Marston,-even in Donne, who, in modern artists in historical composition, who,
spite of the boast of Hall, was probably the by writing in an interesting way upon the
earliest English satirist; even in Browning, who social, religious, scientific, and literary phases
has been not inaptly described as thinking in of human life, have taught the world that the
hieroglyphics and writing in short-hand. There main argument of history is by no means guns
is an overplus of diction of the scholastic kind, and drums, kingcraft and statecraft, and have
and a lack of simplicity and directness of given the lie to the old platitude, “Happy the
expression, in all the dramatic writings of nation that has no history.” The successive
Marston; but running through it all there is a parts of this monumental history of civiliza-
vein of seriousness which was a distinctive tion have been reviewed in THE DIAL as they
mark of his genius, and a haughty elevation were reproduced in America (Dial, Vol. II.,
of feeling which evades analysis. Something pp. 231, 286; Vol. III., p. 203 ); and it is now
in his Prologues—it is not easy to define pre our privilege to congratulate the veteran
cisely what-reminds one of the speech of the author upon the completion of this, the prin-
player in Hamlet (“The rugged Pyrrhus, he cipal work of his life, in the spirit and propor-
whose sable arms”), and there are lines, half tions in which it was planned. Such an issue
lines, and single phrases elsewhere, which show to such an undertaking is a great achievement
his familiarity with, and admiration of, Shake and one upon which any mortal is to be con-
speare. He appears to the greatest advantage gratulated.
in “Eastward Ho,” which he wrote in con In this day of “cheap and nasty” reprints
junction with Jonson and .Chapman, and of of English books, the American publishers are
which Mr. Bullen sagaciously declares that he likewise to be congratulated upon having pre-
never could have written single-handed so sented these seven large volumes to the public
rich and genial a play. It is one of the few in a form, as to paper and typography, little
great comedies of the period. There is some short of luxurious. It seems a pity to find the
good comic writing in “The Dutch Courte- least fault with such an exhibition of taste and
zan," and some good tragic writing in the two | liberality, yet it must be said that, in point of
parts of “Antonio and Mellida,” in which, carefulness of proof-reading, these final vol.
however, the changes of feeling and of char-umes show hardly any improvement on the
acter are too violent and unnatural. “The preceding ones, which were far from impec-
Insatiate Countess" is so bad everyway that | cable in this respect. It is true that the atten-
one cannot but wonder why it was written and tive reader can, if he is sufficiently familiar
how it came to be played. The audience that with the subject-matter, correct most of these
could stomach a play like this must have had
errata for himself. One of the oddest is that
the scent of a carrion crow and the digestion at p. 154 of Part I., which represents the Pope
of an ostrich. But even they could not have as sitting, as a Christian symbol, on the apex
taken it seriously. For outside of the plays of the obelisk before St. Peter's. For sat read
of Shakespeare the stage did not hold the set. Another glaring oversight is at p. 182 of
mirror up to nature, and did not show the age Part II., where it is stated that Bruno's career
and body of the time his form and pressure. | was “cut short by the dungeon and the stake
It was only a play, which entertained them
* RENAISSANCE IN ITALY.
while it lasted, and which was forgotten (at
THE CATHOLIC REACTION.
In Two Parts. By John Addington Symonds. New York:
any rate let us hope so) as soon as it was over. ' Henry Holt & Co.


1887.)
81
THE DIAL
at the early age of thirty-four.” According ilate all the material at his disposal, and to
to the dates abundantly furnished by the draw from it those graphic and vigorous gen-
author himself, Bruno's career was cut short eralizations of which he is elsewhere so ap.
by the dungeon at the age of forty-four, and proved a master. At all events, most readers
by the stake at about the age of fifty-two could well have spared a portion of “these
(February, 1600). Errors on a par with that funereal records," for the sake of the twenty
at p. 139 of Part II. (the date 1852 for 1582), pages of illustrative extracts from the practic
though annoying, are readily corrected. cally inaccessible works of Giordano Bruno, of
If the somewhat blurred impressions of which, Mr. Symonds tells us, he made English
midsummer are to be trusted, Mr. Symonds versions only to reject them “ when I found
exhibits, in these concluding volumes, signs of that this material would overweight my book.”
fatigue and of relaxing grasp. While the It is no disparagement of Mr. Symonds to say
work is thoroughly done, it is evidently work, that these twenty pages from Bruno would
-not the buoyant and exhilarating mental probably have turned out to be the most inter-
play which rendered many chapters of the esting pages of the entire volume.
earlier volumes so fascinating. I think this Of Giordano Bruno the author seems to
would be plain to any reader who should take speak with more of sympathetic animation
pains to compare the chapters on Tasso in the than of any other of the representative men-
second volume of the book before us, with Tasso, Sarpi, Guarini, Palestrina, and others,
those on Ariosto in “ Italian Literature." Still to whom the second part is devoted. Bruno
it must be conceded that Ariosto is a much was, indeed, the most modern man of the six-
more stimulating theme than Tasso; indeed, teenth century. As, in speaking of him, Mr.
the same thing may be said of the general Symonds shows to the best advantage, I may
theme of the present volumes,reaction at its | best serve the reader by quoting an impressive
best is not progress, and the reaction with | passage containing a summary statement of
which we are here dealing is one of the most the debt of subsequent thinkers to the restless
pitiful and depressing spectacles in human and ill-starred Italian. After showing the
annals. A much more unmistakable sign of breadth of outlook gained by Bruno by his
lassitude on the author's part lies in the appar- acceptance of the Copernican theory of the
ent fact that he is not in possession of the universe, our author generalizes as follows:
comprehensive mastery of this period that he
"Bruno thus obtained per saltum a prospect
has exhibited in treating of the Renaissance over the whole domain of knowledge subsequently
proper. He has evidently written these vol. traversed by rationalism in metaphysics, theology,
umes rather in order to complete his work and ethics. In the course of these demonstrations
than from any compulsive impulse such as
and deductions he anticipated Descartes position
gives life to the earlier parts, and the result is
of the identity of mind and being. He supplied
Spinoza with the substance of his reasoned pan-
much more a series of essays than an organ.
theism; Leibnitz with his theory of monadism and
ized and interdependent whole. Perhaps this
pre-established harmony. He laid down legel's
want of facile mastery is most evident in the doctrine of contraries, and perceived that thought
final chapters of Part I., where more than a was a dialectic process. The modern theory of
hundred pages are devoted to what might be evolution was enunciated by him in pretty plain
called extracts from the police records of the terms. He had grasped the physical law of con-
sixteenth century: a dark and bloody series of
servation of energy. He solved the problem of
narratives of the crimes accompanying the
evil by defining it to be a relative condition of
imperfect development. He denied that Paradise
lust and license with which the high-born
or a Golden Age is possible for man, or that, if
Italians endeavored to console themselves for
possible, it can be considered higher in the moral
the loss of political freedom. Here we have
scale than organic struggle toward completion
detailed narratives of bravi and banditti, the by reconciliation of opposites through pain and
pathetic story of the Duchess of Palliano, and labor. He sketched in outline the comparative
the terrible tale of Vittoria Accoramboni, the study of religions, which is now beginning to be
lovely sinner whose sublime audacity fired the
recognized as the proper basis for theology.
Finally, he had a firm and vital hold upon that
massive imagination of her contemporary,
John Webster, and enriched English litera-
supreme speculation of the universe, considered no
longer as the battle-ground of dual principles, or
ture with the tragedy of “The White Devil.” as the finite fabric of an almighty designer, but as
Gloomily interesting and sadly instructive as the self-effectuation of an infinite unity, appearing
are these tales of violence and rapine and lust to our intelligence as spirit and matter-that
and polite ferocity-and of the inhumanity of | speculation which in one shape or another controls
man to woman, --one can hardly resist the the course of modern thought." (Part II., pp.
conclusion that it is attaching disproportionateo 13.)
value to them to devote to them one-fourth of | Macaulay called Francis Bacon the Moses
one of these portly tomes. The question forces of modern philosophy; but Mr. Symonds, by
itself upon us, whether they were not thrown his adoption of “the hackneyed metaphor of
in for filling, by an author too jaded to assim. I a Pisgah view across the promised land,” suy.


82
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
gests that Giordano Bruno had a much better tic Morals,” mention has already been made.
claim to that high prophetic leadership. He Let it suffice to say, in conclusion, that,
was a hero and a martyr of science, and the although these volumes show marks of weari-
story of his vigorous life and of his consistent ness, they are the product of a brilliant, ex-
death at the stake, “ turning stern eyes away perienced, and highly accomplished writer, and
from the offered crucifix,” is very inspiring. they form, on the whole, a worthy conclusion
But as a whole this book is the melancholy to one of the most noteworthy of the histori-
story of the sterilization, blight, dwindling | cal undertakings of our times.
vitality, and moral and intellectual atrophy
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
suffered by the fine Italian genius in the six-
teenth century. The Catholic Reaction, or
Counter-Reformation, was the sleep of Italy
after her day's work. The causes of this
INTERNATIONAL RULES AND CUSTOMS.*
great movement, and the reasons why the The appearance of a new and modern trea-
Italians were so willing to accept it, are tise on the subject of the rules and customs
treated very satisfactorily by our author. which are often called International Law, is
They may be summarized as follows: (1) timely. Professor Davis's object has been to
The chief political cause is to be found in furnish a work “to be used as a text-book,
the servitude to which the states of Italy rather than as a book of formal reference."
were reduced by Spain. (9) The original For its designed purpose, his treatise will be
intellectual impulses of the Italians are found most excellent. The apparently dog-
exhausted; they are fatigued with creation. matic form of his text is well adapted to a
(3) A critical spirit penetrates every branch treatise for the use of students. Currente
of art and letters and benumbs all original calamo, he has presented fully all the rules of
effort. (4) The re-awakening of Catholic his subject, according to their modern ver-
Christianity colors the moral, social, political, sions, without interlarded citations or other
and intellectual activity of the Italians with embarrassing comment; while foot-notes to
influences hostile to the earlier Renaissance. the several chapters give references to the
(5) The shifting of the centre of trade from bibliography of the various topics. The
the Mediterranean to the Atlantic basin gives pleasant and easy style of the author will
the death-blow to the commerce of Venice, make the work acceptable to all who may
Florence, and Genoa; while the progress of wish to read upon the subject, whether for
the Renaissance in the West and North of general information or special study.
Europe develops such amazing mental activity Though there is not and cannot well be
that the Italians can no longer claim superi any international sanction for these rules and
ority, even in the realm of mind and culture, customs, Professor Davis uses and defends
The condition of the Italian mind at this the term “International Law," as applied to
period could not be better described than in them, on the ground that they are very gen-
the following terse sentences:
erally adopted by the common consent of
* They were suffering from grievous exhaustion, | nations. This nearly general consent, he
humiliated by the tyranny of foreign despotism, holds, furnishes them a sanction, so as to
and terrorized by ecclesiastical intolerance. . . . justify the term “ Law." He argues that
The clear artistic sense of rightness and of
* municipal laws, no less than international,
beauty yields to doubtful taste. The frank audac-
ity of the Renaissance is superseded by cringing
in the last resort, depend for their efficiency
timidity, lumbering dulness, somnolent and stag-
upon the consent of those whose conduct is
pant acquiescence in accepted formule. At first, to be regulated by them; and a law which all
the best minds of the nation frrt and rebel, and nations expressly agree to observe, or tacitly
meet with the dungeon or the stake as the reward accept as an international usage, is as well
of contumacy. In the end everybody seems to be entitled to consideration as is a provision of
indifferent, satisfied with vacuity, enamored of
municipal law which is enacted and obeyed
insipidity. The brightest episode in this dreary
| because a majority of citizens believe it to be
period is the emergence of modern music with
incomparable sweetness and lucidity." (Part I.,
just and necessary." With deference, it is
Pp. 69 70.)
suggested that this is but a prelitio principii.
I cannot here pursue Mr. Symonds through
It requires a sanction, according to modern
the successive chapters of the book. Perhaps
jurisprudence, that is, an ultimate power
the most important ones are the second, third,
| which can enforce a prescribed rule, to con.
and fourth, of Part I., devoted respectively to
stitute that rule a law. Granted that muni-
the Council of Trent, the Inquisition and the
| cipal law. depend for their efficiency upon the
Index, and the company of Jesus. The first
LOO TIINE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. With an Account
chapter is an able conspectus of the Spanish of its orixin and unes, and of it. Historical Develop
hegemony, its causes and results of the ment. By treure B. Davis. L'. . Assistant Profesor
of law at the ( nited States Military Academy. New
much slichter chapters on "Somial and Domes- Tork Harper & Brotben


1887.)
83
THE DIAL
consent of the governed; it remains true that
they have the sanction of the will of the
majority, as a governing power; by this they
are enforced, and this constitutes them laws.
There is no such sanction, even among a
majority of Christian nations (whether that
majority be found in numbers, or in power
and influence), for the rules and customs of
which Professor Davis treats. He himself
says: “As sovereign States acknowledge no
common superior, it is obvious that there is
no authority above or outside a State which
can effectually coerce it into obedience to the
provisions of International Law.” Why,
ihen, is it not also obvious that there is no
International Law, and that until such a
sanction can be applied to these rules and
customs, the term “International Law” will
remain a misnomer ?
It is true that much of the subject-matter
treated under this head belongs to the domain
of Law. For an example, reference may be
had to the code of Maritime Law which is
administered in courts of Admiralty. In the
United States, this law has the sanction of our
own government; in Great Britain, it has the
sanction of the British Empire. The rules
administered in various States may be so
nearly identical that any proctor may with
ease practice in all their several Admiralty
courts; and he may find them all accepting
Wheaton or Phillimore or Davis as an
authority. Still, the want of a common inter-
dational sanction will leave the term “Inter-
national Law” without justification; the
British courts will administer only British
law. So, to take what is sometimes called
“Private International Law;" the counter and
better term, “Conflict of Lawr," which is in
more general use, negatives prima facie the
idea of a common international sanction, and
condemns the term “ International Law” as a
misnomer.
The fact is, that the common adoption,
to any extent, by different nations, of the
same law, or system or body of laws, con-
stitutes them international usages, but not
international law; and this is equally true,
whether the common consent be evidenced by
treaty, or by common adherence to the doc-
trines of the same text-writers, or by adoption
of the same code by the judicial tribunals of
various States. It would have been of much
advantage, in conducing toward a better
system of definitions, if in a new American
treatise on the subject these distinctions had
been carefully noted. But passing this ques-
tion of definitions, and keeping in mind the
impropriety and misleading tendencies of the
phrase, “International Law," all who are
interested in the subject will find Professor
Davis's book a valuable contribution to its
literature.
JAMES 0. PIERCE.
NEUMANN'S HISTORY OF Music.
This History of Music has made its appear.
ance at a favorable time, and will be welcomed
by musical scholars and connoisseurs who
have long realized the need of a history of
the art brought down to the present time. In
nearly every other direction, whether of criti-
cism, biography, technique, philosophy, or
romance, musical literature has been greatly
enriched during the past decade; but in that
of history there has been a marked deficiency.
The standard histories are now nearly a cen-
tury old. Burney and Hawkins, those mong-
ments of research and patient labor, were
finished before the advent of the nineteenth
century. A swarm of treatises compiled from
them followed in their wake, but they are now
only obtainable from the antiquarian book.
dealers. Chappell's great work is still in its
incipient stages; Moore's compendium is mainly
a bold plagiarism from old 'dictionaries; and
Grove's is in no sense a history,-even within
its own scope it has proved a frequent disap-
pointment to those seeking information, by
reason of its glaring omissions. The appear-
ance, therefore, of this generous and exhaust-
ive two-volumed work of the accomplished
Dresden musician will be cordially wel-
comed by scholars, however much they
may differ from the criticism in which
he frequently indulges. This must be judged
from the point of view of one musician esti-
mating the works of his contemporaries--a
process which is never quite free from personal
prejudice.
The most conspicuous feature of Neumann's
history is its exhaustiveness of details-a
characteristic of German investigators in every
department of art. The work is embraced in
two large volumes of over 1300 pages, includ-
ing also hundreds of illustrations, as well as
fac-similes of letters and scores, and speci-
mens of musical notation from the earliest
period to the present. The first volume
investigates the music of the Oriental nations
from the earliest periods; the musical progress
of the Middle Ages,-including such conspic-
uous topics as the ancient hymnology, the
romantic songs of the Troubadours and Minne-
singers, and the early development of Nether-
land and English music; the decided progress
of the art during the Renaissance period,
and its outblossoming in Luther's time, when
it played such an important part in the work
of the great Reformer, and became a perma-
nent adjunct of the Protestant service; the
foundation of the great schools in Italy and
the works of the masters during the period of
the Catholic restoration; the decline of the
THE HISTORY OF MUSIC. By Emil Neumann, Trans.
Inted by F. Preger. Edited by the Rev. Sir F. A. Gore
Ouseley, Bart., Mus. Doc. New York: Cassell & Co.


84
THE DIAL
[Aug.,
- - -------- ----- I ---
= = = = = = = ==
art among the romance nations, and its rapid schools, revolutionize the world of art, and
progress among the Germans and in England impress itself upon men with such force as to
from the time of Henry VIII. to Elizabeth, | arouse discussion of the most bitter kind. Tap-
and after the Restoration.
pert has recently published, in a good sized vol-
The second volume embraces four great ume, the epithets and denunciations of Wagner
periods of modern music: first, that of Bach, made by his critics and enemies. Talent never
Handel, Mozart, Haydn, Gluck and Beethoven; provokes bostility of this kind. It is the
second, that of Weber, Spohr, Meyerbeer, men who are rooting out old beliefs and tra-
Mendelssohn, Schubert and Schumann; third, ditions, and who have missions imposed upon
that of Italian opera in Paris, imported into them by genius, that find the world arrayed
France from Italy—an exotic which had a against them. Wagner was one of this class.
wonderful growth in those days, now slowly From the time he landed penniless in Paris
but surely disappearing everywhere; and until he died in Vienna, his life was one con-
fourth, that of the so-called musicians of the tinual warfare against the old forms; but the
future, beginning with the pioneers Liszt and enemy's outposts were driven in at Baireuth.
Berlioz and reaching its fruition in Wagner He had made a lodgment; and before he
and his memorable performance of the Nibel passed away he had the satisfaction of seeing
ungen music-dramas at Baireuth, also including the music-drama slowly but surely advancing
the works of the modern Russian composers in every part of the world. The music of
who have entered upon the same path as the future, so called, was already taking its
Wagner with the same purpose in view, though place as music of the present, and the death-
working independently of the composer of knell of Italian opera and ear-tickling tunes
“ Siegfried” and “Götterdämmerung.” At on the lyric stage had sounded unmistakably
this point the very accomplished English before the bells of Venice sounded his own.
musical scholar, Sir F. A. Gore Ouseley, takes But these are only matters of opinion, after
up the narrative and supplements the work all; and one musician can hardly be expected
with a chapter on English music and musi to judge another of his contemporaries with
cians, in which he includes brief but admirable exact impartiality. The great value of the
sketches of all the most prominent singers, work lies in its historical information, the
players, and composers, on the continent as exhaustiveness with which the origin and
well as in England. In a word, the music of development of the art are treated, and its
all the world is in this book-except that of availability as a work of reference. It is to
America. But why should not the latter be be regretted that the publishers should not
there also ? And why should not a German have dealt more fairly with a book so
writer have taken cognizance of works by important. The printing and paper are poor,
American composers which have been success and many of the illustrations have very little
fully performed in his own country? At the connection with the text, being mere picture-
same time it is mortifying to acknowledge padding:
GEORGE P. UPTON.
that American music will not assert itself
abroad until American appreciation and gen-
erosity have acknowledged it at home. There
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
are excellent American compositions still
resting upon the shelves for want of encour-
NOTWITHSTANDING the many books that have been
agement to bring them out, and one or two
prepared as helps to Shakespearean students and
readers, there is a place left for Mrs. O'Connor's
American composers are publishing their
excellent “Index to the Works of Shakspere"
works abroad in order to secure for them the
(Appleton). It will fill a niche by the side of Mrs.
European endorsement necessary to their ac Clarke's Concordance, or it may serve as a substi-
ceptance here.
tute for that and other expensive books of reference
In the critical portions of the book there is which the ordinary reader does not desire or find
room for some serious questioning. From
attainable. Its plan is a broad one, comprising
Bach to the present time, the author's judg-
references, by topics, to notable passages and sig-
ment is not only orthodox but his research
nificant expressions; brief histories of the plays;
geographical names and historical incidents; men-
has led him into new fields, and he contributes
tion of all characters, and sketches of important
some unusually valuable information with ones; together with explanations of allusions and
reference to the environments of Bach and obscure and obsolete words and phrases. This
the influence which his predecessors (now outline indicates how much and what varied infor-
mostly unknown) had upon him. But when mation the book contains. All that its 419 pages
it comes to the author's contemporaries, par-
will hold is packed into them, in an admirably
tisan prejudice sometimes takes the place of
systematic form. It would be easy to note omis-
sions in departments as abridged as these, but
impartial judgment. It is almost too much
within the room allowed it would not be easy to
for good nature, to be told in a work of this
put choicer or more useful matter. The compiler
kind that Wagner possesses talent alone. | imposed on herself a huge task in the selection
This is going too far. Talent does not found and verification and arrangement of the materials


1887.]
85
THE DIAL
for her work, and her skill and fidelity in carrying details the influential incidents in the author's child
it through deserve hearty praise. She has placed life, and in so doing presents instructive pictures
many unpretending readers of Shakespeare in of the domestic habits of the Chinese, of their
debt to her for assistance and inspiration, and has family relations, juvenile amusements, modes of
added one more woman's name to the lists of education, religious ideas, and national costumes.
Shakesperean scholars.
It is one of the first books upon China written in
our own tongue by a native of that curious land,
A REALLY valuable contribution to the annals of and we read its statements with confidence, although
the stage is made by Mrs. Catherine Mary Reignolds they correct, in some important particulars, beliefs
Winslow, in her " Yesterdays with Actors" (Cup that we have long cherished regarding the charac-
ples & Hurd). By many years of hard and honora- | ter and manners of that interesting and much mis-
ble service in the dramatic profession, the author understood nation.
gained a knowledge of its duties and requirements,
and of the lives of those who in her time were The late Henry Seybert, of Philadelphia, shortly
conspicuous in it, which has enabled her to speak before his death, founded a chair of Philosophy in
of them familiarly and with authority. Her early the University of Pennsylvania, with the condition
widowed mother had left her home in England and that a commission should be appointed by the
was striving to support her three young children as university “to investigate all systems of Morals,
a singer in American theatres, when she, at the age Religion, or Philosophy, and particularly of Mod-
of fourteen, demanded the right to assist in the ern Spiritualism." The “ Seybert Commission on
arduous struggle. She was allowed to make her Spiritualism,” formed in accordance with this pro-
debut in a small part in Cinderella, which her vision, was composed of ten eminent citizens of
mother was then playing in John Rice's theatre in Philadelphia, among whom were Horace Howard
Chicago. She relates frankly that her novitiate Furness, Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, Dr. Joseph Leidy,
was a failure; but that she rose at length to a high and Dr. William Pepper. Their work is not yet
place in her profession, is a matter of fame. She finished; but a preliminary report stating the results
writes of all that appertains to the stage in a spirit thus far obtained is now given to the public (Lip-
of loyalty, declaring it to be the best of schools pincott). The first examinations of the commission
for the industrious and aspiring, in which virtues were devoted to the phenomena of slate-writing,
of the highest order are inculcated. Her testimony | by the aid of two noted mediums, Mrs. S. E.
to the value of its discipline, and to the generous Patterson and Dr. Henry Slade. In the several
traits which adorned the character of her fellow seances held with Mrs. Patterson, no manifestations
actors, is given with a sincerity and fervor that were elicited, despite the earnest efforts of the
awaken admiration for her and for them. Her commission. In those held with Dr. Slade, abun-
tribute to the memory of Charlotte Cushman and dant proofs were secured that the processes of the
Edwin Forrest is charged with gratitude for the medium were fraudulent throughout. In the attempt
favors they bestowed on her in her youthful career, to study the phenomena of spirit-rappings with
and which they dispensed unstintedly to others of Mrs. Margaret Fox Kane, the demonstrations were
their calling as obscure and deserving. Portraits of too few and feeble to afford any result. So in
Brougham, Sothern, Laura Keene, Agnes Robert seances with various other mediums; the conditions
son, Ben De Bar, Matilda Heron, Hackett, Lander, were at all times such as to prevent free and full
and many more who were her contemporaries, are inquiry, while the phenomena were of a sort to
drawn with a loving hand, which dwells persist create a strong suspicion of jugglery and dishonesty.
ently upon the noble side of their pature. The The commission carefully withhold, in their joint
last chapters of the volume are devoted to the report, any expression of disbelief in the truth of
Boston Museum—to which Mrs. Winslow was the system they have undertaken to test, and declare
attached for a number of years,--and to episodes in themselves ready, as at the beginning of their work,
her starring tours in America and England. The to accept whatever conclusions appear to be war-
sketches are illustrated with photogravures and ranted as facts. There is evidence, however, in the
vignettes of the prominent actors named.
separate reports made by Dr. Furness and Prof.
Fullerton, that their investigations have produced
SOME years ago the Chinese Government deter upon these members of the commission a decidedly
mined, through the persuasions of one of its dis unfavorable impression. At the outset Dr. Furness
tinguished citizens, Dr. Yung Wing, to provide for confessed to a leaning toward the substantial
the education of a hundred native youths in the truth of spiritualism; but at present that bias has
schools of America. These students were sent out turned quite in the opposite direction.
in four detachments, in consecutive years, begin-
ning in 1872. Among them was a lad of uncommon In connection with the report of the Seybert
intelligence, named Yan Phou Lee. He belonged Commission, there appears from the same press
to the upper middle class, and was thirteen years of Lippincott) a volume entitled “Nineteenth Century
age when he arrived in this country and was placed, Sense; the Paradox of Spiritualism,” by John
for the benefit of home training, with a family in Darby, a physician and writer on occult subjects.
Springfield, Mass. He made rapid progress in The prefatory portion of this work contains a quaint
study, passing from the care of private tutors into and curious history of the author's observations of
Yale college, where he attained high rank in schol the phenomena of spiritualism. It is purposely
arship. His mastery of the English language has contrived that the reader shall not understand, until
been especially notable, as is shown in the brief the end of these chapters, that their intention is to
autobiography written by him and entitled “When expose the delusive character of so-called spirit-
I Was a Boy” (Lothrop). It was prepared for ual manifestations. This prefatory matter serves as
young people, but the value of its contents fits it the introduction to an earnest exposition of the
for general perusal. With ingenuous simplicity, it philosophy of the Rosicrucians—or, as one 'not an


86
[Aug.,
THE DIAL
-
-
-
illuminatus might venture to say, the philosophy
of the Theosophites of the present time. A strik-
ing eccentricity of the author is an elliptical style
which, troublesome at first, appears later to be in
harmony with the theories it is used to convey. It
is not for novices to speak of the value of the
Rosicrucian philosophy, or of the profit of study-
ing it; but those who would gain some insight
into its principles may doubtless find here a book
to suit their needs.
large experience in the work of a teacher. It is a
marvel of compactness, embracing in its various
departments the latest and fullest researches in
organography, vegetable histology, physiology, and
taxonomy. Nearly 500 engravings, from drawings
by the author, add to the completeness of the
| work.
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
FROM Mr. Herbert Milton Sylvester's “Prose
Pastorals” (Ticknor) we learn that the writer
grew up on a farm, and was one of the rare beings
who in such a situation manifest an appreciation of
the picturesque aspect of the world about them.
With the opening of his intelligence he developed
a taste for poting carefully the phenomena of
nature; and he who has this tendency accumulates
in time a mass of facts of an interesting and useful,
and often original, character. Mr. Sylvester does
not appear to have studied nature with the method
of a scientist, or to have been drawn to an intimate
acquaintance with flowers and birds; yet his eye
and ear were keen to note the fleeting sights and
sounds which produce an unending variety in quiet
rural scenes. His pastorals are gentle and tranquil
as a still day in autumn, that glides from morning
to evening without change, and is rich in remem-
brances of past beauty and delights.
VERY simple but very lovely are the little stories
“ for children and child-lovers," which their author,
Mary S. Claude, has grouped together under the
inapposite name of Twilight Thoughts” (Ginn
& Company). Most of them are epilogues in which
animals or flowers or inanimate things talk and reason
as men do, but with a sweet wisdom that touches the
deepest feelings. They are commended to American
readers, in this new edition, by Matthew Arnold,
who states in the preface that the author was in
her younger days a neighbor of Wordsworth in the
Lake district, and that she shared with him his
devout love of nature, his respect for the liberties
of parents and children, and his radical principles
of reform. These tendencies are all apparent in
the stories, which, long out of print in England,
are now happily reproduced for the benefit of the
young people of this country.
THE trustees of the Newberry Public Library of
Chicago have, in the appointment of a librarian
and the selection of a building site, taken definite
and important steps toward the establishment of
what will doubtless become the largest and most
complete reference library in this country. Mr.
Walter L. Newberry, by whose munificent legacy
this institution is created, came to Chicago when
the city had a population of less than 10,000, and
by fortunate investments in land acquired an estate
which has increased to upwards of $4,000,000. Mr.
Newberry died at sea, while on a voyage to Europe,
in November, 1868. His two surviving daughters
died, unmarried, in 1874 and 1876; and the death
of his widow, December 9, 1885, left the trustees
free to settle his estate according to the provisions
of his will. One-half of the entire property goes
to the descendants of Mr. Newberry's brothers and
sisters; the other half is to be devoted “to the
founding of a free public library, to be located
in that portion of the city of Chicago known
as the North Division." The details of the great
enterprise were left to the judgment of the
trustees. These gentlemen - Mr. Ē. W. Blatch-
ford and Mr. W. H. Bradley — purpose, upon
their final settlement of the estate, to incorpo.
rate an organization for the management of the
library. Their statement, just given to the pub-
lic, shows that the library fund at the date
of Mrs. Newberry's death, a year and a half ago,
amounted to $2,186,118 — an endowment twice
as large as that of the Astor Library of New
York. Only the income of the property, after the
purchase of a building site, is to be used for the
purposes of the library; but as the property is
increasing rapidly in value, this income will in
time build up a splendid library, one that will be a
national not less than a local institution. The
trustees have acted wisely in deciding to make the
library one of reference; the resources of the
Public Library, an institution supported by taxa-
tion, being regarded as fairly adequate for sup-
plying books for general circulation. The location
proposed for the Newberry Library -- the block
bounded by Rush, Pine, Erie, and Ontario streets-
has the fitness of being the site of the old Newberry
homestead which was burned in the fire of 1871.
The appointment of Dr. W. F. Poole as librarian
of course leaves nothing to be desired, unless it be a
worthy successor to him in the Public Library.
Dr. Poole's long and distinguished service in library
administration promises to be happily crowned in
the organization and management of this great
enterprise. He enters upon the duties of his new
position August first. We believe it is the intention
to proceed with much deliberation in the plans for
a library building, but that the work of accumu-
lating and arranging books will be begun at once,
in temporary quarters.
TAE collection of miscellaneous essays written
by Mr. Bela Hubbard, and published under the
title of “Memorials of a Half-Century" (Putnam),
are chiefly of local interest, referring to the early
history of Michigan, its meteorology, scenery, and
fauna, especially in the vicinity of Detroit, where
the author has resided for more than half a century.
Such subjects as the remains of the mound-builders,
the ancient garden-beds, the Indians, the old French
settlers in Michigan, have enlisted his attention,
as also the birds and wild animals in his neighbor-
hood, the scenery of the lakes, the incidents of
their discovery, and the phases of the climate and
the seasons. There is much material of scientific
value scattered through the essays.
PROF. E. Bastin's “Elements of Botany" (G. P.
Engelhard) is a treatise which may be commended
for the uses of the class-room or of solitary students,
as the product of thorough scholarship and of a


1887.]
87
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
AUGUST, 1887.
William Harvey Wells. Sketches of His Life and
Character, Meinorial Addresses and Proceedings and
Resolutions of Public Bodies on the Occasion of His
Death. 8vo, pp. 128. Fergus Printing Co. Paper,
net, 60 cents; cloth, net, 75 cents.
Alcohol in High Latitudes. A. W. Grecly. Forum.
Artists, Our. J. D. Champlin, Jr. Forum.
Atmosphere, Instability of. N. S. Shaler. Scribner.
Boats. R. C. Leslie. Harper
Books That Have Helped Me. Edward Eggleston. Forum.
Browning, Robert. H. W. Mabie. Andover.
Buccaneers of Spanish Main. Howard Pyle. Harper.
Christianity as Redemption. W. W. Adams. Andover.
Co-education. C.F. Deems. Forum.
Coquelin and Irving. Dion Boncicaut. No. American.
Economic Disturbances since '73. D.A.Wells. Pop.Sci.Mo.
Educational Endowments. C. S. Ashley. Pop. Sci. Mo,
England, Queen of. M. D. Conway. No. American.
Euripides, Alkestis of. W. C. Lawton. Atlantic.
Federal Constitution, Origin of. Mag. Am. Hist.
Gervais, Paul. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Gilchrist, Anne. Atlantic
Grizzly, The. G. O. Shields. Harper.
Handicraft, Revival of. J. F. Weir. Scribner.
Health Insurance. W. Hutchinson. No. American.
Holland's Picturesqueness. George Hitchcock. Scribner.
Hypnotism. W. W. Newton, Harper.
India, A Native Publisher of. J. F. Hurst. Harper.
Indian Land-Grants in Mass. Mag. Am. History.
Industrial Peace. R. T. Ely. Forum
International Law. J. 0. Pierce. Dial.
International Park. Jane M. Welch. Harper.
Ireland. Lord Bramwell. Forum.
Irish Party. Edward Brown. Harper.
Keely Motor. C. J. B. Moore. Lippincott.
Knownothingism. Edward McGlynn. No. American.
Labor in England. F.H. Stoddard. Andover.
Lafayette in Missouri. W. A. Wood, Mag. An. History.
Literature and Character. Anna L. Dawes. Andover.
Life, The Object of. W. H. Mallock, Forum.
Manual Training. Philip Magnus. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Mars. Stanislaus Meunier. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Marston's Dramatic Works. R. H. Stoddard. Dial.
Materialism. G. F. Parsons. Atlantic.
Meteorology. A. D. White. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Mexican Notrs. 0. D. Warner. * Harper. .
Mexico, Metal Art of. 11. L. Reynolds, Jr. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Mississippi, Falls of the. J. A. Keyes. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Mobile. Rebecca H. Davis. Harper.
Moon and Sun. G. P. Serviss. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Music, History of. G. P. Upton. Dial.
Nakshibendi Dervishes. H. O. Dwight. Andover.
Newspaper, First Western. W. H. Perrin. Mag. Am. Hist.
Occupation, Choice of a. E. E. Hale. Forum.
Old Hickory. T. H. Olay. Atlantic.
Ouida. Edgar Fawcett. Lippincott.
Our Hundred Days in Europe. 0. W. Holmes. Atlantic.
Poverty. Howard Crosby. Forum.
Ravenna. Sidney Lawrence Harper.
Reade, Charles, E. H. House. Atlantic.
Realism. Arlo Bates. Scribner.
Renaissance in Italy. M. B. Anderson. Dial.
Republicans, Return of the J. B. Foraker. Forum.
* Resolute," Finding of the. Mag. Am. Hist.
Revival. C. C. Everett. Forum.
Russian Writers. Harriet W. Preston Atlantic.
Science from '36 to '83. Grant Allen. Pop. Sci. Mo.
Sedentary Men. W. S, Searle. No. American.
Siberia. Henry Lansdell. Harper.
Thackeray Letters. Scribner.
Theological Controversy. Andover.
Yale, society Life at. A. E. Jenks. Scribner.
TRAVEL-GUIDE-BOOKS.
The Queen's Highway. From Ocean to Ocean. By
Stuart Cumberland. With numerous Collotype Illus.
trations and two Maps. 8vo, pp. 431. A. 0. McClurg
& Co. $4.50.
China. Travels and Investigations in the “Middle
Kingdom.” A Study of its Civilization and Possi.
vilities. With a Glance at Japan. By J, H. Wilson,
12mo, pp. 376. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75.
Norway Nights and Russian Days. By S. M. H.
Davis. 16mo, pp. 325. Fords, Howard & Hulburt.
$1.25.
The Shaybacks in Camp. Ten Summers under Canvas.
By S. J. Barrows and I. C. Barrow.. 16mo, pp. 305.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.00.
Appleton's General Guide to the United St
e to the United States and
Canada, 1887. Illustrated. 16mo, pp. 552. Leather
tucks. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50.
The Same. In two vols., cloth, $2.50.
Appleton's Illustrated Hand Book of American
Summer Resorts, with Principal Routes of Travel.
12mo, pp. 194. Paper. D. Appleton & Co, 50 cents.
ESSAYS-BELLES LETTRES, ETC.
The Pleasures of Life. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart.,
M.P., etc. 16 mo, pp. 191. Macmillan & Co. 50 cents.
Imaginary Portraits. By Walter Pater, M.A. 16mo,
pp. 180. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
Gleanings in Old Garden Literature. By W. C. Haz.
litt. G. J. Coombes. 16mo, pp. 263. Cloth, $1.25; half
leatber, gilt top, net, $2.50.
The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wortley Mon-
tagu, Edited by her great-grandson, Lord W barn.
cliffe. With additions and corrections derived from
original manuscripts, illustrative notes, and a
memoir. By W. M, Thomas. New edition, revised. 2
vols., 12mo. Portrait. Bobn's Standard Library, Lon.
don. Net, $2.00.
Ourselves and Our Neighbors, Short Chats on Social
Topics. By Mrs. L. C Moulton, 16mo, pp. 213. Ruberts
Bros. $1.00.
L' Annæus Seneca on Benefits. Translated
Stewart, M.A. 12mo, pp. 332. Bohn's Classical Library.
London. Net, $1.CO.
The Book Lovers' Enchiridion. Thoughts on the
solace and companionship of books. Arranged by
Alexander Ireland. 12mo, pp. 492. Gilt top. Ben-
janin & Bell. $1.50.
Nineteenth Century Sense. The Paradox of Spiritualism.
By John Darby. 16mo, pp. 222. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.00.
Notes on the Literature of Charities, By Herbert B.
Adams. 8vo, pp. 48. Paper. Johns Hopkins Univer.
sity Studies. 25 cents.
POETRY-THE DRAMA.
Select Poems of Algernon C. Swinburne. 12mo, pp.
230. Worthington Co. $1.50.
The Poems of Giacomo Leopardi. Translated by
Frederick Townsend. 18mo, pp. 171. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.25.
Society Verse by American Writers. Selected by E.
DeL. Pierson. 12mo, pp. 145. Benjamin & Bell. $1.25.
Songs of the War for the Union. The Mystic Isle, etc.
By Philip Bevan. 4to, pp. 154. R. Clarke & Co. $1.25.
At the Holy Well. With a handful of new verses. By
John J. Piatt. 12mo, pp. 112. R. Clarke & Co. Net,
$1.00.
Child's-World Billads. Three Little Emigrants, a
Romance of Cork Harbor, 1884, etc. By Sarah M. B.
Piatt. 16mo, pp. 55. White enamel covers. R. Clarke
& Co. $1.00.
The Lady of the Lake By Sir Walter Scott. The
Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell. Pocket edition,
Boaris. Gilt top. G. Routledge & Sons. Each, 60 cents.
Geraldine. A Souvenir of the St. Lawrence.16mo, pp.
321. Paper. Ticknor & Co. 50 cents.
The Mermaid Series. The Best Plays of the Old Drama.
tists, edited by Havelock Ellis. Thomas Middleton,
Vol. i., edited by H. Ellis. Svo. London. Net, 90 cents.
EDUCATIONAL
The Ventilation and Warming of School Buildings.
By Gilbert B. Morrison. 12mo, pp. 173. D. Appleton
& Co. 75 cents.
The New Education. Three papers. By G. H. Palmer.
12mo, pp. 154. Little, Brown & Co. $1.00.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[The following List contains all New Books, American and For.
eign, received during the month of July by MESSRS.
A. 0. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.]
HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY.
The Reign of Queen Victoria, a Survey of Fifty Years
of Progress Edited by Thomas H. Ward. 2 vols.,
8vo. Š. B. Lippincott Co. $8.00,
Our Sovereign Lady: A Book for Her People. 16.no,
pp. 118. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 50 cents.
The Campaign of Fredericksburg. Nov.-Dec., 1862.
A Study for Officers of Volunteers. By a Line
Officer. 12mo, pp. 145. With maps. London. Net, $1.75.
Yesterdays with Actors. By Catherine M. Reignolds.
Winslow. 8vo, pp. 201. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd.
Cloth, $2.00; vellum, $2.50.
A Memoir of Roger Ascham. By Samuel Johnson,
LL.D. With an Introduction by J. H. Carlisle.
Chautauqua Library-Garnet Series. 16mo, pp. 252.
Chautauqua Press. 75 cents.


88
[Aug., 1887.
THE DIAL
Educationnl Mosaics. A Collection from Many The Monk's Wedding. By Conrad F. Meyer. 12m . pp.
Writers (chiefly modern) of Thoughts bearing on 169. Cupples & Hurd. 01.25.
Educational Question of the Day, By T. J. Morgan. | Sebastopol. From the Russian of Count L. X. Tolstoi.
12mo, pp. 274. Silver, Rogers & Co. 91.50.
16mo, pp. 241 Harper & Bros. 15 cents.
Thucydides. Based on the Edition of Classen, Ginn &
Penelope's Suitors. By Edwin L. Bynner. 32m), pp.
(o. Book I. By C.D. Morris. 12mo, pp. 30. 1.60.
68. Ticknor & ( 30 cents.
Book VII. By Charles F. Sunith. 12mo, pp. 202. 01.3.
Twilight Thoughts. Stories for Children and Child.
SCIENTIFIC
Lovers. By Mary s Claude. Edited by Mary L.
Avery, with a Preface by Matthew Arnold. Izmo,
Elements of Metallurgy. A Practical Treatise on the pr 104. Ginn & Co. 50 cents.
Art of Extracting Metals from their Ores. By J. A. | A Terrible Legacy. A Tale of the South Downs by G.
Phillips. Nevierd and enlarged edition. Svo, pp. 84R. W. Appleton. Pp. 354. Paper. D. Appleton & Co. W
J. B. Lippincott ('o. .00
cents.
Grasses of North America. For Farmers and Students
By W. J. Benl. 8vo. pp. 41. Published by the Author,
HARPER'S HANDY SERIES.
$2.50
Alerander Pope. By Leslie Stephen. Scents.
The Pleasures of a Pigeon- Fancier. By Rev. J. Lacos.
Byron. By John Nichol. 25 cents
12no, pp. 119.0, Judd (o. 91.50).
Locke. By Thomas Yowler. 25 cents.
The Treatment of Sewage. By Dr. C. X. Tidy. Ismo,
pp. 224 Boards, D. Yan Nostrand. So cent..
Wordstrorth. By F. W. H. Myers. 25 cents.
Notes Embodying Recent Practice in the Sanitary Allan Quatermain. By H. R. Haggard. 25 cents.
Drainage or Buildings. With Memoranda on the Thing. Seen. By Victor Hugo. 25 cents
Cost of Plumbing Work. By W. P. Gerhard. Inmu,
pp. 134. Boards. D. Van Xostrand. 50 cents.
TICK XOR'S PAPER SERIES.
The Duchess Emilia. By B. Wendell 50 cents.
POLITICS-ECONOMICS -FINANCE.
: Dr. Breen's Practice. By W. D. Howells. 30 cents
Treatise on constitutional Correntions; their
History, Powers, and Modes of Proceeding. By John
Tales of Ihree Cities. By H. James. 80 cents.
1. Jameson. Reriard and enlarged edition. 310, PP. 64.
| The House of the Musician. By Virginia W. Johnson.
Sheep. Callaghan & Co. Ne, $3.00.
5e) cente
The American Electoral System. By.C. A.O'Neil, LL.B..
FRENCH BOOKS.
12mo, pp. 4. 6. P. Putnam's sons. 1.
Salammbo. Par Gustave Flaubert. Dix Compositions,
The Margin or Profits. How it is now Divided. What par A. Poirson. Gravées à l'eau forte par Mme.
Part of the Pn sout Hours of Labor can now be
Lorcau-Ronveyre. MML Muller et G. Mercier. * O.
Spared By E Atkinson. mo, pp. 1 G, P. Pui. Paper. Parla. Ne, $.5
nam's sons Paper, 40 cents; cloth, 15 cents.
Gisèle Rubens. Par E. Daudet. Brno, pp. 344. Paper.
The Housekeeper's Handy Book of l’seful informa. Hiru Net, Olus.
tion. Intno, pp. 14. (well & ( 16
Le Satyre. Par J. Ramean. 1600, pp. 2. Paper. Paris,
The Late Relating to Ranks and their Depositors,
and to Band Collections. By Albert Bolles. "VO, . IDossier du Général Boulanger. Par la Curieux.
pp. 22 Hornais Publishing (u (loth, cl, 4.5),
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pp. INI Harper & Bros. 01.24.
The Caruleans. A Vacation Idyll. By H. Cunning
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ham I?mo, pp. Six Macmillan & Co L.
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The Crusade of the Erorisier. By Bret Harte. bi mo,
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Londres. Sotes derin ('orrespondant Français. Par
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(ount LS. Tolstoi. Atmo, pp 3 T. Y (rowell & (o
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and clay witt a Pixm by F utus fumo, pin 22
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Brentation Par,
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ul. Inntal 1.1
Di Sint W
rist
Bros :
13 Nota .1. Při
ce tits The tree press
Told at Tweede. By 1. M. Emory Hmo, pp. les GP.
1x Volante in ve, 1
eleh it Ilios **.
Putnam's ne 01
Ixtrin. t, Tint Rituallam ) 1 !
T13)
* OITI tot
& Game of Chance. By Arne S. (**»ntia Dan, IMA I
"1. in "i * *r *,tary na Pul jite
34% D Appleton & C. 91.1
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pn : Benjamin & Bell. 01
em Evangelica Reform Pucalli
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Bites By Jni an Hautirne beta, 2
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do b& ra wel, rnts
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in
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Kan iedots &
ento
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The Last Merting By Brunile Marthen tma, pn Nuerie Brrrris Hy Jante eltriter. *** -*
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Trajan By Henry herna. Man pp 64. Pajat. The Disare. of Surdentary
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Work for Mica 11ar Relen B NPutlocr.
A Dateless Bargain. Br(. Pirkim a, pp L
Paper. Appleton &a cents
The (vrouilty of Insanity, and the is.
c
u ils
Tiratent of the I s By J . Bat. 1. )
Adam Mepburn. Von A Tale of hirk and over ant
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vel.
Puts
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van mo, pp. 244 Parr
Niss Gascoigne. By Mrs J . R1411 Pp. 1. Paper.
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**


THE DIAL
A Monthly Journal of Current Literature.
PUBLISHED BY
A. C. MCCLURG & CO.
CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER, 1887.
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90
[Sept., 1887.
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
VOL. VIII. SEPTEMBER, 1887. No. 89. had been “maintained by irrefragable facts
and arguments." Mr. Cass went so far as to
say that the just claim of the United States
CONTENTS.
" extended from California to the Russian
boundary," and he stood ready to press that
THE NEW NORTHWEST TERRITORY. George C. claim at any peril of war. But compromise
Noyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ruled the hour, the forty-ninth parallel was
WILL THERE BE A NEW OHINA? Selim H.
agreed upon as the boundary, and England
Pealxdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
gained, while we lost, a territory larger, if not
RECENT EDUCATIONAL BOOKs. J. B. Roberts - 95 also richer, than California, Oregon, and Wash-
OHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. Edward Gilpin Johnson 97 | ington combined. Eighty-three years before.
SOCIETY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE. Melville
or in 1763, Louis XV. signed away all the
B. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
claims of France to Canada, saying, as he con-
ceded to England full possession of this vast
THE VIGILANTS IN CALIFORNIA ...... 101
territory (larger than the whole United States,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 103
Alaska excepted), “after all, it's only a few
Pater's Imaginary Portraits. -Stuart Dodge's
square miles of snow.” Of the character and
Memorials of William E. Dodge.--Mrs. Davis's
resources of the territory in dispute in 1846,
Norway Niglats and Russian Days.--Sir John Lub.
our government was about as profoundly igno-
bock's The Pleasures of Life.-Hazlitt's Glean.
rant as was the French king of Canada in 1763.
ings in old Garden Literature.- Victor Hugo's
Things Seen.--Finck's Romantic Love and Per.
It is, indeed, only within a very few years
sonal Beauty.-Mrs. Moulton's Ourselves and Our that the provinces of Saskatchewan, Atha-
Neighbors.Susan Fennimore Cooper's Rural basca, Assinniboia, Manitoba, Alberta, and
Hours.--Miss Hale's Little Flower. People.
British Columbia-Great Britain's part of the
TOPICS IN SEPTEMBER PERIODICALS ... 103 new Northwest Territory-have come to be
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 104
known. Mr. Stuart Cumberland has made an
important contribution to our knowledge of
this vast territory-a region larger than all
THE NEW NORTHWEST TERRITORY.*
the New England and Middle States of our
country, with Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illi.
The attractive and sumptuous volumes
nois, Wisconsin and Iowa added. He de-
whose titles are given below describe the lead-
scribes its resources, mingling with his account
ing features and the rich and varied and ex.
of these interesting and often vivid descrip-
haustless resources of a Northwest territory
tions of scenery, and incidents of personal
just now coming into notice, which, in imperial
adventure and experience. Representing a
extent and in natural wealth, far surpasses
syndicate of English capitalists, he came to
that section of our country which was once
this country for the special purpose of ac-
designated by this name. It belongs partly
quainting himself with its character, its cli.
to our own country, and partly to Great Brit-
mate and its resources, and of publishing the
ain. Much of that which belongs to Great
results of his investigations and studies. He
Britain is of right ours, and doubtless would
was one of the first to pass over the Canadian
have been ours if Mr. Polk's administration
Pacific—“the Queen's Highway from Ocean
had been as firm to maintain as it was brave
to Ocean"-after its completion, journeying
to assert the doctrine of “Fifty-four forty or
from Vancouver, its western, to Montreal, its
Fight," or if it had been as eager to hold free
eastern terminus. Passing by his description
territory which rightfully belonged to us, as
of the eastern division of the road and of the
it was to wrest from poor Mexico a third of
country through which it passes, as being
her rightful domain that the empire of slavery
comparatively well known, it will be necessary
might thereby be extended. In his message
to refer here only to what he says of the value
of December 2, 1845, Mr. Polk declared, truly,
of the Canadian Pacific as a new highway for
as impartial history has decided, that our title
commerce between the East and West, and
to the whole of Oregon, from 42° to 54° 40',
what he says of the country traversed by this
• THE QUEEN'S HIGHWAY, FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN. By road, as it extends westward from Winnipeg.
Stuart Cumberland, F.R.G..., with numerous (ollotype : This new road furnishes much the quickest
Hlustrations and two Mape. London Sampson, Low, I and shortest route from England to Japan,
Marston, Searle, and Rivington. Chicago: A. C. McClurg:
& Co
* China, Australia, and New Zealand. Yoko-
SHORES AND ALPS OY ALASKA. By H. W. Seaton Karr, 'hama is two hundred and fifty miles nearer
F.R.G.S. With Mustrations and two Maps. London: Vancouver than San Francisco ; and Montreal
Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington. Chi-
cago: A. O. Mociury & Co.
"I two hundred miles nearer Liverpool than New


92
[Sept.,
THE DIAL
L
York. England is thus brought four hundred | just what is needed by the reader, and there is
and fifty miles nearer to her great trade with a good index.
these countries than she was before this new The second of our two volumes tells the
highway was built. But not only is the dis-
story of a journey of exploration along the
tance thus shortened, the time for making this coast of Alaska, which was extended beyond
still long journey is much more shortened by the Kenae Peninsula, to Kodiak Island, and as
reason of the fact that any route through far as the 1530 degree of longitude. Few per-
our own country is beset by drawbacks and sons, probably, are aware that the middle point
obstacles which the Canadian Pacific does not between Eastport, Maine, and the westernmost
encounter—such as the five mile ferry at San part of our country, lies west of the Missouri
Francisco, heavier grades, higher altitudes to river; fewer still would locate it west of
climb, and many more important places at Denver; and almost none west of San Fran-
which trains must stop, involving correspond cisco. But it is west of the City of the Golden
ing delays. These facts will serve to show Gate. In other words, when the traveller
how great an advantage to England and to from Eastport, Maine, reaches a point directly
her commercial prosperity is the building of north from San Francisco, he is not yet half
this road. It will be an equal advantage in way across our territory, but must journey a
giving her better facilities for protection and hundred miles farther on over the Pacific
defence against her great rival, Russia; as Ocean; for the Aleutian Isles—the loss of which
her fine harbor and naval station at Esquimault, Mr. Cumberland, as an Englishman, mourns,
on Vancouver Island, affords her an admirable and credits to the “blundering ignorance” of
position for watching closely the movements his government-stretch far out towards the
of Russia in Asia.
continent of Asia. Lieut. Karr pushed his
But it is to Canada's prosperity, and espe explorations nearly to the point where this
cially to the settlement and development of its long line of islands begins." In making the
Northwest territories and of British Colum circuit of the coast northward from Cape
bia, that this road will most largely contribute. Spencer, or the canoe journey from Kaiak to
This vast region — large enough almost to Prince William Sound, he was the first ex-
make two States like Texas possesses, as Mr. plorer to follow after Cook. He made a
Cumberland shows, great and varied resources. brave but unsuccessful effort to ascend to the
The valleys of the Assinniboine, Saskatchewan, top of Mount St. Elias, and reached an eleva-
Athabasca, and Peace rivers, constitute an im tion of only 7,200 feet above the sea-level.
mense area of some of the best wheat lands According to his estimates, it is not this mount-
on the North American continent. There is ain which is the highest in Alaska and so in
nothing in Minnesota and Dakota to surpass North America, as has been generally sup-
them. Lands valuable for grazing purposes posed, but Mount Wrangel, which is situated
are not less extensive than those which are near Copper river, about one hundred miles
adapted for cultivation; while the undeveloped from its mouth. His descriptions of the nu-
wealth stored away in the endless forests of merous glaciers which he saw are extremely
this region, in the rich mines, and in the rivers interesting. One, flowing into Glacier Bay,
teeming with fish, is practically inexhaustible, he describes as a stream of solid ice, 5,000 feet
In no part of it, except, perhaps, that which wide, 700 feet deep, and discharging into the
lies north of the sixty-fifth parallel of latitude, sea at the rate of forty feet per day in the
is the climate so severe as to forbid its occu month of August. Another ice river, which
pation and profitable tillage by man. The he named the Great Guyot Glacier, and which
climate of Vancouver Island, which is as large he crossed in making the ascent of Mount St.
as the State of New York and is still a terra Elias, he found to be twenty miles broad, and
incognita except on the coast, and of all the of unknown depth and length. The area of
regions bordering the Georgian Gulf and glaciers in the whole country, he estimates
Queen Charlotte's Sound, is very mild-as to be more than 18,000 square miles.
mild as that of New Orleans.
But Alaska is not made up wholly of
Mr. Cumberland writes intelligently and mountains and glaciers. Of lands adapted to
appreciatively of all these immense and as yet agricultural or grazing purposes it has almost
little known northwest provinces of the Domin none. But its forests contain vast and un-
ion of Canada. But he should have spared his known wealth. And its rivers are, in the
readers the dismal record of his own trials and proper seasons, literally full of salmon, so
woes as a traveller. In speaking of these, he that they crowd upon one another. This is
is garrulous and unrestrained. As an instance true both of the large and of the small streams.
of this, he devotes six tiresome pages to a Lieut. Karr writes of what he saw in a little
description of the worst hotel he “ever put brooklet, thus:
foot in " (at Port Moody) and to his expe "It was completely crowded with salmon, and
riences therein. The volume is very hand the water being not of a depth to cover them, their
somely illustrated and printed; the maps are backs were bare. There appeared to be truly a


1887.)
93
THE DIAL
greater bulk of salmon than there was of water in no manufactures but the simplest ; no com-
the brook. As I approached, their wriggling and merce but that which has been forced upon
splashing almost emptied the pools of the little ! her: no railway system, and no other means
water that existed in them. The sight from the
1 of internal transit, except the slowest methods
brookside was as of a vast fishmonger's slab, as
there averaged twelve salmon to every two square
by river and canal ; no defences which could
yards of water."
withstand attack by modern military arts, hav.
If this is a "fish story” it is just such an
ing a coast as defenceless as that of the United
one as all writers upon Alaska who have
States; with abundant mineral resources, she
visited it when the salmon are “running”
has no mines ; with large supplies of coal,
tell. Besides the salmon, there are immense
her people are so poor in fuel that each fallen
cod banks off various parts of the coast,
leaf and every bit of dry herbage is hoarded
to cook the scanty meals of the common poor.
which so far remain unworked. A still more
fruitful industry, and one which yields far
The ordinary Chinaman is a fatalist. He toils
greater wealth, is that of the fur trade. There
through all his life for scanty clothing, a little
are sea otter and land otter, the beaver, five
rice, and a grave. Happily for him, his wants
varieties of the fox, three of the bear, the
are few, for his resources are yet fewer. And
mink, marten, musk-rat, lynx, and wolf. The
yet he is strong, vigorous, healthy, prolific,
pelt of the sea otter is worth sixty dollars,
and in his way happy.
The population of China is a matter of
and that of the black fox fifteen dollars. The
which even the Chinese government is pro-
sea otters are caught in a net, generally one at
a haul, sometimes three or four, rarely six or
foundly ignorant. All statements of travel-
seven; and in one instance, as Lieut. Karr
lers, missionaries, and officials are alike mere
records, one man took twenty-four out of a
estimates, based upon entirely insufficient
net one night after a gale.
data, varying from 500 millions to 300 millions
That the climate of Alaska, along the coast,
of people, which latter number Gen. Wilson
is far less severe than is generally supposed
believes to be nearest the truth. He further
may be seen in the fact that all manner of
expresses the opinion that the country is not
edible berries grow there in the greatest
over-crowded, as many have supposed, and
abundance. Strawberries growing wild here
that if the natural resources of China were
developed under the stimulus of occidental
reach their perfection both in size and quality.
science and arts, the country could give a more
Currants, gooseberries, blueberries, black-
berries, and cranberries are also found in pro-
generous support to a much larger number of
fusion. The mosquito, too, is as much at
people. But the stimulus of occidental sci-
home in Alaska, and as attentive to the genus
ence and arts, mining, manufacturing, transpor-
tation by railways, agriculture with machinery,
homo), as are they of the Jersey marshes.
Lieut. Karr found a humming bird singing
means presently a complete disruption of
gaily in Icy Bay! The temperature along the
oriental customs and an absolute reconstruc-
tion and rehabilitation of oriental thought,
coast never rises very high, and never, even in
the coldest weather, falls to zero. There is no
not simply in its applications and fruitions,
doubt that as Alaska comes to be better known,
but in its elements, and even in its language.
it will prove to be an acquisition to our
This means more than rejuvenation, it means
national domain, as great in the variety and
a new birth. In some degree this rejuvenation,
or this renaissance, has occurred in Japan.
value of its resources as it is in its territorial
The problem for China to-day is, How can
extent. Lieut. Karr has done much to increase
our knowledge of the country, and his pub-
China be born again?
The most typical thing in China is its great
lishers have put forth his book in a form
wall. To each new traveller it is a new won.
which is made very attractive in type, paper,
| der. Thus General Wilson found it :
illustrations and binding. All who have ever
visited or who propose to visit this great
"It is from twenty-five to thirty feet high, fifteen
Northwest Territory, should get and read these
to twenty feet thick, and revetted, outside and in,
volumes; while to the general reader they
with cut granite masonry laid in regular courses
with an excellent mortar of lime and sand. . . .
cannot fail to be interesting and instructive.
Every two or three hundred yards there is a flank
GEORGE C. NOYES. ing turret, thirty-five or forty feet high, projecting
beyond and overlooking the face of the wall in both
directions. . . . The most astonishing thing
about it is, however, that it climbs straight up the
WILL THERE BE A NEW CHINA?
steepest and most rugged mountain sides, courses
China is essentially a country of agriculture,
along their summits, descends into gorges and
alor
ravines, and, rising again, skirts the face of almost
possessing only a soil and a history. She has inaccessible crags, crosses rivers, valleys, and plains
no science; no arts but the most commonplace; in endless succession from one end of the empire
to the other-from the seashore on the Gulf of
• CHINA A STUDY OF ITS ("IVILIZATION AND Possl.
· Peehile to the desert wastes of Turkestan. . .
BILITIES By James Harrison Wilson, Brevet Major,
General C.S. A New York D. Appleton & Co.
It is laid out in total defiance of the rules of mil.


94
(Sept.,
THE DIAL
itary engineering, and get the walls are so solid and his peers in power and his superiors in intelli.
inaccessible, and the gates so well arranged and gence. Such lessons have been learned by
defended, that it would puzzle a modern army with
some of his near advisers, among whom may be
a first-class siege-train to get through it if any effort
whatever were made for its defence. . . . One
named the so-called viceroy, Li Hung-Chang,
can form so adequate idea of the amount of labor
labor 'evidently a statesman and diplomatist of rare
evidently a statesman and diplomatı
or materials expended upon this great work unless , ability.
he has seen and measured it. The simple problem China's most valuable lessons have come to
of cutting the stone, making the brick, and trans- her through grief. She learned the value of
porting them to the wall, must have been a sore
war ships, because her ports were entered
puzzle to those who had it in hand, and it is almost
after their defences had been forced by
impossible to conceive the means by which the water
used in making mortar could be carried to the
| foreign ships of war. Such enginery was
mountain tops across such a rough and arid coun- too strong. She could not fight against it ;
| she could not fight without it; so her minis-
And this wall extends a distance of more ters procured some. It may yet appear, as in
than 1.600 miles, or as far as from New York i the case of Peru, who in a luckless hour rave
to New Orleans by way of Pittsburgh and
her iron-clad Huascar, bearing the keys of all
Cincinnati. This wall, massive, ancient, ex-
| her sea-ports, to her enemy the Chilians, that
tended, as it is, impassable as it was intended the Chinese have gathered a fleet of war ves-
to be, is a fit material representation of the sels ready to the hand of some foreign power
ancient, dense, and more impassable wall that which may seize the ships and turn their guns
everywhere surrounds Chinese thought, and
against the defences of the coast. The exi-
prohibits the introduction of western science
gencies of war have taught the Chinese the
and consequent advancement. The first line
value of the telegraph, and the natives are
of fortification is about the person of the Em.
becoming as expert in its use as the incon-
peror. For many centuries a similar barrier
venience of the language will permit. Since
surrounded the true sovereign of Japan. None
the language is syllabic, with myriads of
but officials of high rank have access to the
characters, it is not possible to bave an electric
imperial presence. Foreign ministers have
signal for each character, and all messages
never been received either by the present Em-
have to be translated into a telegraphic cipher,
peror, or by the Empress-mother, for many
to be retranslated at the office of reception.
We have seen that China has bought steam-
years regent of the empire. All diplomatic
business has been transacted with subordi. U ships. But steamships require coal, of which
pates in the name of the sovereign: but the she has plenty, waiting only the miner and the
ruler has been protected by the invisible, but
railway, while foreign coal is furnished more
none the less impenetrable, barrier of preju-
cheaply to her ships. The great rejuvenator
dice and precept, so that the ideas of the age
of China is the railway. Will she admit it?
have found no lodgment in his thought. We
Will she permit railways to be built! As yet,
are told that even ambassadors do not obtain
but two short lines bave been made. The
audience with the Emperor; their credentials, first was bought up by the government, and
addressed to him, cannot be received by any
its rails were taken up. The second was built
officer of lower rank, and therefore are locked in the face of prohibition, and carries coal
up in the archives of the embassies themselves.
from a mine to a river, seven miles, at a loss.
But the Emperor is, in name and in fact, an
It has been said that the Chinese were averse
autocrat. He is surrounded by boards, whose
to the building of railways, because of the
members have no individual responsibility, and respect of the people for the graves of their
whose acts are valid only when approved by
| ancestors; as the whole country is one vast
him. In fact the Emperor is a thrall to the burial ground, through whicb no railway could
customs and the traditions of his race and be laid without the desecration or obliteration
nation, which have an antiquity as reverend,
reverend of multitudes of burial places. Gen. Wilson
and a density as obscure, as are those qualities
finds that this is a matter of slight conse-
in the great wall. The Emperor of China i quence, which if properly treated could easily
needs emancipation, such as came not many
be overcome. The obstacles to railways
years ago to the Mikado. He needs such I are found not in the dead, but in the living.
enlightenment as shall assure him that the The people of China are peaceful, quiet, con-
representatives of other lands do not come tented. They are born, live, work, pay taxes.
bringing the tribute of vassalage. Vert he ani die. What more can a government desire
needs to learn that the western nations really for its people than the Chinaman now bas in
possess knowledge, and have made progress, his own home? Hience the government of
of vast consequence to themselves, and of China is, as to railway's, deaf in its economic
equally valuable potency toward China. In ear. It is curious to find urged against them
brief, he must descend from his eminence of the same objections which were raised in En-
divine superiority, and be willing to recognize gland and America fifty years ago,-as, that


1887.)
95
THE DIAL
there would be no farther need for horses, some of the same air that inspired Pestalozzi
carts, etc.
and Froebel, and, with little or no knowledge
But the Chinese officials are not so deaf in of their ideas and work, he set forth in theo.
the military ear. They know what attack retical form the fundamental ideas which
and defeat mean, and they are becoming more they, and particularly Froebel, worked out
and more aware of their defenceless condition practically. The present work, on “Method
which invites attack. It begins to be apparent in Education," is but a fragment of a very
that a nation might as well not have armies comprehensive plan which he seems to have
as to have them in places remote from the had in mind, which was no less, as his trans-
danger, and without the means of transport. lator declares, than the exposition of the theory
It is becoming evident that munitions of war and methods “in which the education of the
and the means of defence include very much human being was to be carried on through all
beside war-ships, fortresses, fire-arms, and sol. the stages of life, on the principle of natural
diers, and that the resources of a country, if development," from birth to maturity and
utilized for defence against attacks made by beyond. The book is not easy reading, but
modern methods of warfare, must be organ: will appeal strongly to that class of teachers,
ized, and mobilized, and applied in equally fortunately rapidly growing in numbers, who
skilful combinations governed by modern realize that all true methods in teaching must
science. If China has ships, she must build be based upon clear ideas as to the nature of
them. If she needs guns, she must make the human mind and the orderly development
them. Her resources for defence lie wholly 1 of its faculties.
within herself. In the development of re. The step from the profoundly speculative
sources for defence lies their development for to the practical, perhaps one might say the
all other purposes, and in that lies the hope of mechanical, in education, is not so very long.
rejuvenation which can place China in that A much larger class of teachers, however,
position among the nations of the world will read and profit by such works as Green-
which her native capacities entitle her to wood's “ Principles of Education Practically
occupy. In this case, as in multitudes of Applied." This book, of modest dimensions,
others everywhere in the world, ideas are is in the nature of a manual of instruction for
more potent than things. Let once the stu. the teachers in a system of city schools. It
pendous, immaterial, impassive, and as yet differs, however, from some manuals of the
almost impassable wall of self-appreciation, earlier period of so