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One of the strongest works of fiction that have IRVING'S WORKS. 8 vols. 12mo, cloth, appeared in England since George Eliot. — Critic. $10.00. Library edition, cloth, gilt top, $12.00; MR. HENRY JAMES'S NEW NOVEL. half calf, $20. “Astor edition,” 10 vols. Cloth, gilt top, $15.00; half calf, $30.00. THE REVERBERATOR. The handsomest edition of Irving in the market. By HENRY JAMES, author of “ The American,” FAMOUS AMERICAN STATESMEN. * “ The Europeans,” etc. 12mo, $1.25. The public will be glad to find Mr. James in his By Mrs. SARAH K. BOLTON, author of "Poor best vein. It is a relief to come upon this spark- Boys who Became Famous,” etc. 12mo, cloth, ling study of life and character in the manner $1.50. which first won for him general reading. . . . Mrs. Bolton succeeds in touching the popular The book is thoroughly readable, and one is thank heart with her appreciative biographies. 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For the book is a study of the possibilities of electricity, blended COUNSEL, selected and arranged by ANNA H. most skilfully with some of the radical ideas of those who are devoted to the study of psychical speculation or SMITH, with Introduction by Huntington Smith. science. ... Altogether this is a book which has such 16mo, cloth, $1.00; cloth, gilt edge, $1.25. peculiar wit-sharpening qualities that it would be a dis. tinct loss pot to read it. - Boston Daily Advertiser. An admirable compilation of deep thoughts for The Glasgow Herald says: "* With the Immortals' is un. questionably the cleverest and most thoughtful piece of higher needs. literary work that Mr. Marion Crawford has yet produced. ... Those who care for pure literature will prize the THE CAPTAIN'S DOG. By Louis story--if story it can be called as one of the freshest. most cultured, and suggestive productions of recent Enault. Translated from the French by Hunt- years. 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This work is a narrative of an episode which is MONTESQUIEU. By ALBERT SOREL. Translated by Prof. Melville B. Anderson. 16mo, $1.00. perhaps the most unique and remarkable in Ameri- It is rare that a great man has a more appreciative or can history – that of the settlement of Middle able biographer than the illustrious author of "The Spirit Tennessee. It is in a measure a continuation of of the Laws" has found in M, Sorel. "The life and writ. ings of this man," says the biographer, “better explain the thrilling story told by the author in his two how a democratic revolution came to succeed that reign preceding volumes, “The Rear-Guard of the Rev. of Louis XIV. which seemed to have established the institution of monarchy in France upon im perishable olution ” and “John Sevier as a Commonwealth- foundations. ..Never has a writer better caught Builder.” The three volumes together cover, says the secret spirit of his age, nor has any revealed with a the author in his preface, “a neglected period of defter or an airier touch longings hitherto unspoken and thoughts hitherto confused. The work of M. Sorel is a American history, and they disclose facts well model of concise and lucid presentation. worthy the attention of historians-namely, that MADAME DE SÉVIGNÉ By Gaston BOISSIER, these Western men turned the tide of the American of the French Academy. Translated by Prof. Melville Revolution, and subsequently saved the newly B, Anderson, 16mo, $1.00. formed Union from disruption, and thereby made * M. Boissier plunges at once into his task, and a most charming essay is the result. On the first page you are possible our present great republic.” shown a brilliant young woman with golden hair and a radiant complexion, and are told that this is Mme. de Sévigné. A moment later you are admitted as & privi. Researches on Diamagnetism and leged visitor to ber salon, and the time is very short indeed before you feel yourself one of its intimates. And Magne-Crystallic Action, what delightful people you are thrown with there!"- The Critic, New York. Including the Question of Diamagnetic Polar- GEORGE SAND. By E. Caro, of the French ity. By Professor John TYNDALL. With Academy. Translated by Prof. Melville B. Anderson. 16mo, $1.00. Ten Plates. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. “A more interesting character is not to be found in all biography. Happily for the reader, M. Caro is an unin. fatuated biographer, Calm, refined, acute, he lays no Westminster and Other Sermons. imputation upon her character. he applies to her works the test of sound sense. He does not rhapsodize. By RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH, D.D., Arch He does not idealize. He is practical, rational, and just. . . . . The volume never flags in interest, and may be bishop. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. read with advantage, as it certainly will be with constant This posthumous volume by Archbishop Trench gratification."-The Chicago Tribune. contains sermons preached in Westminster Abbey SHELLEY: The Man and the Poet. and sermons preached in Ireland. By FÉLIX RABBE. 12mo, $2.00. This volume meets a recognized want for a compact A Recoiling Vengeance. and comprehensive life of Shelley, inexpensive in form, popular in style, and embodying the results of the Intest A Novel. By FRANK BARRETT, author of researches. The supreme genius of Shelley, and his extraordinary life, were perhaps never more forcibly “The Great Hesper,” etc. Appletons' Town portrayed than in the pages of this sympathetic and ad. miring Frenchman. The work is rendered into English and Country Library. With Illustrations. by Mrs. Cashel Hoey. ** We do not hesitate to say that the author has acquit. 12mo. Paper cover, 50 cents; also, half ted himself extremely well, and in particular, that he has succeeded in writing the most entertaining life of Shel. bound, 75 cents. ley extant in any language."-Athenarum, London. * An interesting and accurate analysis of Shelley's life and works."-Daily Telegraph, London. Orthodox. ASTROPHEL AND STELLA. A TALE. By DOROTHEA GERARD, joint author By SiR PHILIP SIDNEY. Edited by Alfred Pollard. of “Reata.” The Gainsborough Series. With Portrait of Sidney. 16mo, vellum, gilt top, $1.75. This beautiful little volume, uniform with Sappho, 12mo, paper cover. Price, 25 cents. published last year, will be similarly welcomed by lovers of good poetry and daintily made books. The romance Mr. Fortesque. that twines about the name of Sidney is indissolubly asso. ciated with his love sonnets, known under the title of "Astrophel and Stella." The origin of these sonnets, and AN ANDEAN ROMANCE. By WILLIAM WEST their relation to events in the real life of their author, are set forth in an Introduction by Mr. Pollard, who also ALL. No. 1 of “Stories of Romantic Ad- supplies nearly sixty pages of carefully prepared notes. venture.” 12mo. Paper cover, 40 cents. I *** For sale by all booksellers. Will be sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, For sale by al booksellers; or any volume sent by the pub- lishers by mail, post-paid, on receipt of the price. 1, 3 AND 5 Bond STREET New York. CHICAGO. A. C. McCLURG & CO., 1888.] 119 THE DIAL HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY. POETRY, COMEDY, AND DUTY. By CHARLES CARROLL EVERETT, D.D., Bussey Professor of Theology in the Divinity School of Harvard University. 1 vol., crown 8vo, $1.50. CONTENTS: Poetry,—The Imagination, The Philosophy of Poetry, The Poetic Aspect of Nature, The Tragic Forces in Life and Literature, Comedy,—The Philosophy of the Comic. Duty, -The Ultimate Facts of Ethics, The New Ethics. Conclusion,-Poetry, Comedy, and Duty considered in their Relation to one another. Professor Everett is well known as an unusually clear thinker, a sound scholar, and a writer of admirable clearness and force. The subjects treated, and the eminent ability and candor which Professor Everett brings to them, commend the volume to the best readers. The Law of Equivalents The Guardians. In its Relations to Political and Social Ethics. By A Novel. 16mo, $1.25. This novel, though published anonymously, is from no EDWARD Payson. Crown 8vo, $2.00. un practiced hand. Some of the best pages of The Atlantic Monthly for the current year are from the same source, In this work Mr. Payson shows that the methods of ad. and have delighted a host of readers by their excellent vance in the realms of matter and of morals are entirely qualities of thought and style. unlike, and endeavors to recall the thought of America from its intense devotion to material pursuits and acqui. Molly Bishop's Family. sitions to the far more important objects which demand attention in ethics and social life. He suggests very im. - By CATHERINE OWEN, author of "Ten Dollars portant considerations with regard to the Family, indi. cating wherein it differs from Society, the State, the Enough,” and “Gentle Breadwinners.” $1.00... School, the Church. The book treats large subjects in a An engaging story, with excellent hints on the best sincere spirit and with excellent ability. method of arranging the home life of a family which is somew bat limited in income, but which possesses in tel. SIXTH EDITION. ligence, thrift, good-nature, and a purpose to succeed, especially in that finest of achievements, making a John Ward, Preacher. happy home. By MARGARET DELAND. 12mo, $1.50. Romances, Lyrics, and Sonnets. “Interesting and remarkable story.” – Archdeacon From the Poetic Works of ELIZABETH BARRETT FARRAR. BROWNING. Uniform with the Lyrics, Idyls, and “It is a study of strong and absorbing interest, finely Romances from Browning's Poems. 16mo, gilt conceived and written throughout with uncommon ability."-New York Tribune. top, $1.00, INDIANA: A Redemption from Slavery. Vol. XII. of American Commonwealths. By J. P. Dunn, JR., author of “Massacres of the Mountains." With a Map. 16mo, gilt top, $1.25. Mr. Dunn is a resident of Indiana, and by adequate knowledge and literary skill is peculiarly com- petent to write of it in accordance with the scope of the series, which has been well stated by a competent critic: “ The books are not mere State histories; they are something much more and very much better than that. They are attempts to embody what is most distinct and peculiar in the political life and his- tory of each State, and to show how that has contributed to the development of the whole. The wide- spread interest awakened in the past of our nation will find much to satisfy it in these volumes, for the design is original and the execution excellent." Mr. Dunn's book is the only record of the official and political life of William Henry Harrison while he was Governor of Indiana Territory, and gives for the first time the details of the struggle over the question of Slavery in that Commonwealth, The McVeys. Books and Men. A Novel. By JOSEPH KIRKLAND, author of By AGNES REPPLIER. 1 vol., 16mo, $1.25. “Zury." 16mo, $1.25. CONTENTS: Children, Past and Present; On the Bene. Major Kirkland's previous story, “ Zury," has gained in fits of Superstition; What Children Read; Curiosities of certain respects a quite unusual success. It depicted Criticism: The Decay Sentiment; Some Aspects of Pes. with wonderful force and fidelity the conditions and simism; The Cavalier experiences of pioneer life in Illinois. His new story, These essays cannot fail to attract the hearty admira. « The McVeys," reintroduces some of the characters that tion of all discriminating readers by their freshness of figured in "Zury," and may be considered, in some sense, view, their wise vein of thought, and their unusual a continuation of the former story. | felicity of style. SIGURD SLEMBE. A Drama. By BJÖRNSTJERNE BJÖRNSON. Translated by WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. 1 vol., crown octavo, $1.50. Although Björnson is known to most English and American readers only as a novelist, his reputation in Norway is based chiefly on his dramatic writings; and his trilogy, "Sigurd Slembe," has been pronounced "the greatest work in Norwegian literature." It is a semi-historical drama, written partly in prose and partly in verse, and deal. ing with the career of a pretender to the throne of Norway in the twelfth century. Though Björnson's master-piece, it has never before been translated into English, and Mr. Payne's forcible, idiomatic, and graceful translation of it can hardly fail of a hearty welcome. *** For sale by all booksellers. Sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON. 120 [Oct., 1888. THE DIAL SCHOOL AND COLLEGE TEXT-BOOKS J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. PUBLISHED BY Pro Lippincott's Popular Series of Readers. Sharpless & Philips's Astronomy. Prepared by the well-known educator and author, MAR. Prepared by Prof. ISAAC SHARPLESS, SC.D., of Haverford CIUS WILLSON. The series consists of five books, College, and GEORGE M. PHILIPS, A.M., Principal of substantially bound in cloth, and handsomely illus. State Normal School, West Chester, Pa, Profusely trated, with a supplementary volume (the Sixth Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth. $1.00. Explicit directions Reader) for advanced pupils. FIRST READER, 20 cents, given in all practicable cases for observing the SECOND READER, 33 cents. THIRD READER, 44 cents. celestial phenomena. Clear explanations. Fresh. FOURTH READER, 60 cents. FIFTH READER, 90 cents. ness of matter. SIXTH READER (for advanced classes), $1.00. First Steps in Scientific Knowledge. Lippincott's Popular Spelling-Book. By PAUL BERT. Adapted and Arranged for American pared to accompany their well-known POPULAR Schools by W. H. GREENE, M.D. With 570 Illustru. SERIES OF READERS. 12mo, 160 pages. Bound in tions. BOOK ONE.- Animals, Plants, Stones, and boards, 20 cents. 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CUTTER, B.Sc., M.D. 149 Illustrations. 12mo. Comprising Mental and Written Exercises. 16mo. 239 Cloth. $1.00. pages. Half roan. 36 cents. Sanford's Common School Analytical Arith- Chauvenet's Geometry. A Treatise on Elementary Geometry, with Appendices metic. containing a Copious Collection of Exercises for the 12mo. 373 pages. Half roan. 64 cents. Student and an Introduction to Modern Geometry. Crown 8vo. Cloth. $1.60. Sanford's Higher Analytical Arithmetic ; ABRIDGED EDITION. By W. E. BYERLY, Ph.D., Pro. Or, THE METHOD OF MAKING ARITHMETICAL CÁLCULA. fessor of Mathematics, Harvard College. The great TIONS ON PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL APPLICATION, merit of the original book is so generally recognized WITHOUT THE AID OF FORMAL RULES. 12mo. 430 that it may justly be called a "classic" in this branch pages. Half roan. Cloth sides. $1.00. of study. The changes made in the new edition are mostly in that portion of the book used in prepara- Sanford's Elementary Algebra. tory schools. 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In the face of the most bitter opposition, Worcester's Dictionary has won its way solely upon its merit until it is now recognized as “BY FAR THE BEST AUTHORITY AS TO THE PRESENT USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." THE NATIONAL STANDARD OF AMERICAN LITERATURE, Every edition of Longfellow, Holmes, Bryant, Irving, Whittier, and other eminent American authors, follows Worcester. "It presents the usage of all great English writers." Many PUBLISHING HOUSES, which for a time adopted a rival work, HAVE NOW GONE OVER TO WORCESTER. The same is true of the leading MAGAZINES and NEWSPAPERS. The Harper's Magazine, Weekly, New York Tribune, Herald, Times. World. Post, Sun, Independent, Nation; the Boston Advertiser. Transcript, Herald, Globe: Philadelphia Ledger, and other leading papers all over the country, now use the word forms presented by Worcester. It presents the accepted usage of our best public SPE: KERS, and has been regarded as the standard of our leading ORATORS,-Everett, Sumner, Phil. lips, Gartield, Hillard, and others. Most CLERGYMEN and LAWYERS use Worcester as authority on pronunciation. Worcester's Dictionaries have been largely used in the COMMON SCHOOLS since their publication. Every year brings an extended field and an increased sale. They have been recommended by State Superintendents of Educa- tion and adopted by State Boards. All the leading cities of the country have authorized their use, among which are Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Chicago, Washington, St. Louis, Cambridge, Worcester, eto. FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 1. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. THE DIAL -- - VOL. IX. OCTOBER, 1888. --- - CONTENTS. No. 102. - A LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE. Hor. atio N. Powers · .............. 121 ENGLAND FIFTY YEARS AGO. Edward Gilpin Johnson ................. 123 A POPULAR HISTORY OF MUSIC. George P. Upton 126 THE UNITED STATES AFTER THE REVOLU. TION. W. F. Poole · · · · · · · · · · · · 127 CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL. Melville W. Fuller · 128 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 131 Stepniak's The Russian Peasantry.-Florence Trail's Studies in Criticism.- George's Words. worth's Prelude, or Growth of & Poet's Mind.- Morley's English Writers, Volume III.--Eggles. ton's History of the United States and its People. -Müller's The Science of Thought.-Mrs. Lydia Hoyt Farmer's Life of La Fayette, the Knight of Liberty in Two Worlds and Two Centuries.- Henslow's The Origin of Floral Structures.-Ven. able's Footprints of the Pioneers in the Ohio Valley. LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS....... TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODICALS. .... BOOKS OF THE MONTH .......... -- -- A LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE.* [Second Notice.] The first two volumes of this important work, embracing the early and later colonial literature, were reviewed in THE DIAL for July. We have now before us Literature of the Revolution (1765–87) and of the Republic (1788–1820), which may properly be noticed together. During the period covered by these two volumes the independence of the colonies was achieved, a nation born, and the founda- tions of constitutional liberty laid. It was a time, for the most part, of political agitation and uncertain issues—a formative period, largely-in which great tasks were imposed and in which great problems were to be solved that required the best wisdom, patriotism, courage, and rare genius for leadership and government. The country was fortunate in men who were qualified by their talents and character to do the work that was required for the success of our arms and for the establish- ment of our free institutions. The list of names identified with the cause of American freedom and the organization and direction of the government, is one of which any nation might be justly proud. Their record is largely in the heritage that they have bequeathed to us, and which the present generation has glo- riously preserved. But the writings of those who were prominent in public life and were identified with the history of the common- wealth could not fail to be attractive, though devoid of the pure literary quality. In a compilation that should adequately reflect the times, one would naturally expect a collection of papers that would depict the restiveness of the colonies under British aggression, the struggle for liberty, the establishment of the constitution, the shaping of a national policy, the growth and influence of political parties, the discussion of vital public questions, and the interesting concernments that signalize the career of a new nation,-and, besides this, valu- able portraitures of a domestic, social and relig- ious character and of the various humors of the day. That this has been done with singular fidelity and skill, is proved by the interesting and instructive volumes of the series before us. The accomplished editors have conscientiously studied the voluminous writings which illus- trate the period, and their selections are a mon- ument of their erudition and literary sagacity. But, more than this, they have rescued for the ordinary reader much entertaining and curious matter whose existence was only known to special students of our literature. A hundred side-lights in descriptive narrative, personal experience, anecdote, instructive and amusing reminiscence of domestic, public, and foreign life, animate the picture which these vivid pages present to us. In our first notice, we remarked upon the felicity with which the material was selected and arranged, -present- ing, sometimes, almost a continuous narrative of the colonial period. The same admirable skill is shown in the handling of the more dif- ficult and less picturesque matter of a later time. The zeal of the colonists for liberty, their protest against oppressive taxation, the tenacity of their struggle with a superior foe, and the guiding spirit that shaped the coun- sels of the Republic, have their record here in the self-devotion of the people and the voices of their leaders. But not only in these selections do we find the causes of the success and de- velopment of the commonwealth, but faith- ful delineations of the most illustrious actors on the stage. The matter chosen most bap- pily sets forth their intellectual gifts and at- tainments, their distinguished services, their political influence, and the elements of their greatness. Take Franklin, for instance, and A LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE. From the Earllest Settlement to the Present Time. Compiled and edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman and Ellen Mackay Hutchinson. In ten volumes. Volumes III and IV. New York: Charles L. Webster & Co. 122 THE DIAL [Oct., --- - -- --- ---- --- the passages that are given from his autobi. Bishops Hobert and Chase, Joseph Stevens, ography relating to his scientific inventions, and Joseph S. Buckminster. The purely lit- discoveries, and theories, and that lay down erary spirit, which showed but few signs of practical rules for the guidance of life, his life through the Revolutionary period, by the letters to Whitefield, to Priestley, to his daugh beginning of this century began to assert ter, to George Whateley, Thomas Paine, Noah itself. In Charles Brockden Brown we have Webster, Ezra Stiles, David Hartley, Robert the promise of an imaginative literature; and Morris, and William Strachn, in which opin Susanna Rowsen, John Austin, and later, James ions are given on political, theological, and K. Paulding, show the literary tendency of the philosophical subjects, interspersed with anec times. No conspicuous work, however, yet dote and records of personal experience, reveal appears in this field of art. his literary felicity, his rare common sense, Some readers will doubtless be surprised at the sanity of his faculties, his scientific genius, the number of verse-makers that appear from and the variety and distinction of his services 1765 to 1820; but, though the muse pipes con- to his country and to mankind. Or, take the siderably, a true note is only now and then selections from the writings of Washington, struck. Of course, Bryant is an illustrious “On his Appointment as Commander-in-Chief," exception, but he is not grouped with the poets “The Soldier's Farewell to his Wife,” “ After of “The Republic.” Philip Freneau is the the Battle at Bunker Hill," «The Restless Army most considerable poet represented, and patri- at Valley Forge,” “The Appeal of a Patriot, otism, a love of nature, a musical ear, and “A Military Dinner-Party,” “A Republican good fellowship mark his numbers. The No," « On Women and Matrimony,” “The Ap “Revolutionary Songs and Ballads” are well proach of the Presidency," "A Great Experi worth preserving as historical reminiscences ment,” “Farewell Address to the People of and as illustrative of the aid that was given the United States," and we have enough to to the cause of liberty by songs that could show the features of his greatness—in fact, a inspire the patriotism, and confidence of the vital portrait of the man. These eminent people in the success of our arms. “Yankee characters are made to paint themselves, not Doodle," "The Fate of John Burgoyne," "The in one attitude or in one attribute of their | Progress of Sir Jack Brag,” “ Yankee Doodle's personalities, but in the various colors that Expedition to Rhode Island,” “ A Fable,” and most truly depict their essential qualities and “The Dance,” are, for the most part, rollicking services. We dwell upon this, for in it the verses giving vent to the popular feeling and great charm and value of the work consists; appealing strongly to the common heart. There here, too, is the mark of the intelligence and is an unstudied style and freshness about the honesty of the compilers and their peculiar whole collection, which must have made these qualifications in such a field of literature. The writings effective for their purpose. In the third important names of the Revolution and the volume are three examples of verse by Phillis young Republic are duly represented—Wash Wheatley, the colored minstrel of Boston. A ington, Franklin, Samuel Adams, John Adams, good deal of interest was attached to this per- Thomas Paine, John Marshall, Patrick Henry, son from the accidents of her birth, race, con- Jefferson, Otis, Robt. R. Livingston, Madison, dition in life, in connection with her poetical Hamilton, Albert Gallatin, Kent, John Quincy traits. Born in Africa, sold into slavery, with Adams, Josiah Quincy, William Wirt, Cal an eagerness for learning and a poetic sensi- houn, Clay, Joseph Story, Webster, and others, bility, her verses naturally made some impres- whose lives are a part of our national history. sion, at the time, in cultivated circles. Joel One singular omission must be noticed, that | Barlow's famous “Hasty Pudding” is given in of Dr. Manasseh Cutler, famous for his dis full in the fourth volume, and scattered through tinguished services in framing the memorable both are examples from the pens of Royall Ordinance of 1787. No one conversant with Tyler, Richard Alsop, Saml. Latham Mitchell, what is here reproduced of the writings of Samuel Low, Alexander Wilson, William Ir- these men need be destitute of a correct idea ving, John Quincy Adams, Thaddeus Mason of their talents, character, influence, and serv- | Harris, William Clifton, Robert Treat Paine, ices to their country. Jr., Washington Alston, John Shaw, Levi It is notable how large a space was occupied Frisbie, Harry J. Finn, and others,-enough by the clergy in the first two volumes. This to astonish readers who are not familiar with was necessary, as they were leaders, in colonial | the productions of the period under review. days, in literature and prominent in public af None will look in vain for Joseph Hopkinson's fairs. But with the Revolution times changed, “Hail Columbia," Thos. Green Fessenden's and clergymen were more and more confined “The Country Lovers," Francis Scott Key's to their particular sphera. Among the most “ The Star-Spangled Banner,” and Clement C. eminent represented in these two volumes are Moore's “A Visit from St. Nicholas.” Under Nathaniel Emmons, Hosea Ballou, Archibald | the title of “The Hartford Wits” is a batch of Alexander, Eliphalet Nott, Lyman Beecher, ' verses produced by John Trumbull, Samuel 1888.] THE DIAL 123 OF -- Hopkins, David Humphreys, Joel Barlow, scription, for instance, of that little dinner Richard Alsop, and others, chiefly political | given by Mr. Guppy to his friends Jobling and satirical pieces, popular in their day. If and Smallweed, without wishing from his soul these men did not write great poetry, they that he had been of the party? How glow- wrote correct and pungent verse, in which they ingly the writer (I had almost written the managed to incorporate much mother wit and bard) details the features of the “spread;" sound sense. These volumes contain fine steel | | the arrival of the savory “pile of flat tin dish- engravings of Benjamin Franklin, Philip Fre- | covers,” like a Tower of Babel; the “full sized” neau, Charles Brockden Brown, and Joel bread; the cheerful “rumbling up and down Barlow; and twenty-six excellent wood cuts of the machine which brings the nice cuts of other distinguished characters. We con- from the kitchen;" the pints of half-and-half, gratulate Mr. Stedman and Miss Hutchinson plates of “veal and ham and summer cab- that much of the drudgery of this work is bage,” the marrow puddings-proposed by finished, and for the volumes of the series the astute Smallweed, paid for by Guppy, and that yet remain can safely trust to the con approved, “with an arch look," by the impe- scientious care and literary sagacity that have cunious Jobling; and, finally, the “three so far marked their successful labor. Cheshires and three small rums”- the apex HORATIO N. POWERS. of the entertainment. The modern English- man, I think, does not dine in this way, and doubtless feels, with Wordsworth, ENGLAND FIFTY YEARS AGO.* “That there hath passed away a glory from the earth." The England of 1837 was, as Mr. Besant English life as depicted in the novels of repeatedly tells us, virtually England of the Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot, and their eighteenth century. The revolution wrought lesser contemporaries, and especially as sug by the railway in the manners and customs of gested in the copious literature of ana and re Englishmen was yet to come. It was em- miniscence of the latter half of the eighteenth phatically an era of provincialism, when the and first quarter of the nineteenth centuries, Londoner was as much out of place in York- is on the whole a pleasing and comfortable shire as he would be to-day in Pekin; when thing to contemplate. True, the writers men- | a single Briton was believed to be a match tioned dealt frequently with social abuses, and for five Frenchmen; when “foreigner” was lifted at times a corner of the veil that hid equivalent to “barbarian;" it was the day deplorable misery and degradation; but yet in which rank was still held in superstitious our general impression of the English life of reverence; when there were no trades' unions, fifty years ago is a particularly pleasant one. no popular meetings, no railways to speak of, We regard it as a life of civilization, yet one and no people, except the rich, who cared to not wholly given over to the spirit of indus ride on them. In 1837 the great railways trialism. The epoch floats hazily in the im were all begun, but not one of them was com- agination as a sort of golden age — not an pleted. A speculative writer in “The Athe- Arcadian one of Corydon and Damætas, of næum ” (January 23, 1836 ) wrote, regarding flowery mead and “violet-embroidered vale," the prospective completion of the great lines: -but a substantial Golden Age given over to “Little attention has yet been given to calcu- creature comforts. The Englishman of that | late the effects which must result from the day, we love to believe, was a “ fellow of in | establishment throughout the kingdom of finite jest” who habitually took his ease in his | great lines of intercourse traversed at a speed inn, gloriously exempt from disagreable con of twenty miles an hour.” To many of his sequences; a being whose halcyon days were readers the statement of this visionary must spent in glorified tavern parlors redolent of wit, have sounded like an Arabian tale-an echo good-fellowship, and punch; who journeyed of that of the magic horse which, at the turn- delightfully in stage-coaches, putting up at ing of a peg, whirled the Prince of Tartary nightfall at the “White Hart,” the “Red through space like an aerolite. Lion,” or the “Maypole,” where smiling host The census of 1831 gave Great Britain a esses and wittily impudent “Boots” minis. ' population of 16,539,318; that of 1881 places tered to his wants, and stowed him away it at twenty-four millions. The army and o nights between sheets “snow white and navy contained about half their present num- smelling of lavender.” Doubtless other men ber. The population of the great towns of than Shenstone have found their “warmest England and Scotland has about doubled itself welcome at an inn.” in the last fifty years. As regards travelling, Dickens had a special knack of dwelling the fastest rate along the high roads was ten agreeably upon the comforts of these by miles an hour. There were 3,026 stage-coaches gone houses of call. Who can read his de in the country, of which 1,507 started from * FIFTY YEARS AGO. By Walter Besant. Illustrated. London. There were already 668 British New York: Harper & Brothers. steamers afloat, and heavy goods travelled by 124 (Oct., THE DIAL the canals and navigable rivers, of which there | sidered worthy of remark. The bolder spirits were 4,000 in Great Britain. These general gambled away entire estates in an evening's facts being premised, let us, with Mr. Besant's play, and loaded their property with burdens aid, glance at the English people of fifty years which impoverished their children and their ago-bearing in mind the fact that England of children's children. And yet there was no 1837 was practically in the eighteenth century. great scandal. Even noblemen grew desperate, With the man of leisure, absolute and relative, and cheated at the card table. A famous case we are already pretty well acquainted. Thack of the kind was that of Lord de Ros, who eray, Dickens, George Cruikshank, Leech, and was accused in court of diving under the table, a hundred other artists of pen and brush, have under pretence of a bad cold and asthma, and limned him for us repeatedly. An attractive fishing up kings and aces wherewith to dis- being he must have been, with his swallow comfit his opponents. His lordship was obliged tail coat with its high Gothic arched velvet to retire to the continent—where, let us hope, collar; satin stock with double breast-pin; | he got rid of his cold. velvet waistcoat inconceivably gay of pattern | “We remember how Disraeli's “Young Duke' (Dickens, by the way, was specially great in went on playing cards all night, and all the next waistcoats); thin Cossack trousers strapped at day-was it not all the next night as well ?-till he the boot and phenomenally tight; shirt cuffs and his campanions were up to their knees in cards, and the man who was waiting on them was fain to turned over the coat sleeve, tasselled cane, and lie down and sleep for half an hour." gloves carried in the hand. Nor did this En- The consumption of strong drink, though glishman belie his gay attire by “taking his pleasures sadly." He seems to have taken less than in the preceding century, was still them, for the most part, uproariously, drunk- prodigious. A case of total abstinence was enly, aggressively. Of his home life we know a phenomenon. Many people, notably Oxford little—chiefly, perhaps, because he had none and Cambridge undergraduates, drank ale and worth chronicling. He was essentially a deni- beer with their breakfasts... zen of the street, the theatre, the tavern, the “Every farmhouse, every large country house, club, and the gaming-house. English women and many town housekeepers brewed their own beer, just as they made their own wines, their own of that time, it may be remarked parentheti- jams, their own lavender water." cally, were singularly submissive creatures, and quite inarticulate in the matter of domestic But port was the king of wines. Wine, grievances. To the “man about town,” Lon- without the qualifying term, meant port wine. don presented attractions that quite overshad- Men bought it by the hogshead, bottled it, and “laid it down.” Gentlemen boasted of owed the humble ones of his home circle. He was a gallant spirit, a lineal descendant their cellars as they did of their ancestry; and were curiously learned in “ body," "bouquet," of the old “Mohock," and was, of course, con- sumed by an inordinate love of gaming. To and “ beeswing;” dinner was looked forward to chiefly on account of the port which was to speak of gaming in the year thirty-seven was, as Mr. Besant remarks, to speak of Crockford's. follow. Crockford's was, par excellence, the gamester's "There still lingers a love for this wine. I re- member ten years ago, or thereabouts, dining at the paradise. Blue Posts, before that old inn was burned down. “Everything at Crockford's was magnificent. . . . . We took with dinner a bottle of light The subscription was ten guineas a year, in return claret; when we had got through the claret and the for which the members had the ordinary club and beef, the waiter, who had been hovering about coffee rooms, providing food and wine at the usual uneasily, whispered. “Don't drink any more of club charges, these were on the ground floor, - that wash,' he said; ‘let me bring you something and the run of the gambling rooms every night, to fit for gentlemen to sit over.' He brought us, of which they could introduce guests and friends. course, a bottle of port." These rooms were on the first floor; these consisted In thirty-seven, theatre-going was a passion. of a saloon in which there was served every night a splendid supper, with wines of the best, free to There were eighteen large theatres in London, all visitors. Crockford paid his chef a thousand | for a population of two millions; and it was guineas a year, and his assistant five hundred, and istant live hundred, and / reckoned that during the season twenty his cellar was reported to be worth 70,000 pounds. I thousand people went nightly. There were . . . . Crockford not only held the bank, but concert halls and theatres of all grades, from was ready to advance money to those who lost, and | Her Majesty's—sacred to Italian opera—to outside the card-room treated for reversionary in- Vauxhall Gardens—where, as the reader re- terests, post-obits, and other means for raising the members, the gallant Costigan defied the gate- wind.” keeper, and Joseph Sedley was overcome by Cards played an important part in the En- love and rack punch. glish world of thirty-seven. Men gambled at “Everybody went to Vauxhall; those who were the club, at the tavern, and in the home circle. | respectable and those who were not. Far more That a young fellow of fortune should lose beautiful than the electric lights of the Coloniess' thousands in a single night, was scarcely con- were the two hundred thousand variegated oil lamps 1888.] 125 THE DIAL festooned among the trees of Vauxhall; there was mental literature of the period has rendered to be found music, singing, acting, and dancing. so attractive,-from Almack's, with its show Here there were painted arbors where they brought of rank and fashion; from Crockford's, with you the famous Vauxhall ham_sliced cobwebs;' its glittering heaps of gold; from Vauxhall, the famous Vauxhall beef-'book muslin pickled and boiled;' and the famous Vauxhall punch- ablaze with lights and thronged with pleasure- Heavens! how the honest folk did drink that seekers; and we ask, what was the condition punch!” of the millions of men, women, and children Society fifty years ago was exclusive. who ultimately paid for all this magnificence of Vanity Fair, with their toil, their privations, “You either belonged to society, or you did not. their tears,—too often with their wretched . . . . Men in professions of any kind, except the two services, could only belong to society by lives. This is Mr. Besant's answer: right of birth and family connections; men in “The people had no power, no knowledge, no trade-bankers were still accounted tradesmen voice; they were the slaves of their employers; could not possibly belong to society." they were brutish and ill-conditioned, ready to There was no overlapping of classes; even rebel against their rulers, but not knowing how." those charmed circles-artistic, literary, and The lower classes were flogged, pilloried, esthetic—were, despite the culture evinced by terrified into submission. “Father Stick" esoteric raptures, out of society altogether. was more than a king—he was a despot. Admission to Almack's seems to have been “He stripped women to the waist and whipped the touchstone of social standing. them at Bridewell; he caught the 'prentices and flogged them soundly; he lashed the criminal at the "If you did not go to Almack's you might be cart-tail; he lashed the slaves in the plantations, a very praiseworthy, well-bred creature; but you the soldiers in the army, the sailors on board the could not claim to be in society. ships, and the boys at school.” Heaven and earth were turned to obtain en- The penal laws were frightfully severe. In trance within the gates of this fashionable the beginning of the century there were two Eden, where stood “not one angel with a hundred and twenty-three capital offences. fiery sword, but six, in the shape of English | “A man might be hanged for almost anything; ladies, terrible in turbans, splendid in dia- | if he appeared in disguise on the public road; if monds, magnificent in rank." Middle-class he cut down young trees; if he shot rabbits; if he people in the towns had the County Ball, poached at night; if he stole anything worth five where they caught a momentary glimpse of shillings from a person or shop.” society, and “snatched a fearful joy." In the year 1834 there were four hundred and “At this function one had the pleasure of gazing eighty death sentences. The people were, upon ladies and gentlemen of the highest rank and however, becoming sick of legalized butchery. fashion, and observing that they kept to them Thanks to Sir Samuel Romilly, it ceased to be selves like a Hindu caste, danced with each other a capital offence to steal to the amount of five at the upper end of the room, cast disparaging shillings, the limit being raised to forty shil- glances at the dresses of the ladies of the lower lings. Liberal concession! But the spirit of end, and sniffed at their manner and appearance. humanity was stirring, and it became almost This was true joy." impossible to find a jury willing to return a It is rather gratifying to learn-as suggest- verdict to the full amount. ing reprisals—that from this Pariah caste of lower-endians sprang Hood, Hook, Dickens, "In 1833 Lord Suffield, in the House of Lords, Albert Smith, Thackeray, George Eliot, - declared, “I hold in my hand a list of 555 perjured | verdicts, delivered at the Old Bailey, for the single nine-tenths, in fact, of the people who will be offence of stealing from dwelling houses; the value remembered by posterity. stolen being in these cases sworn above the value There is another side of English life of fifty of 40s.; but the verdict returned being to the value years ago, to which we must turn before tak of 39s. only." ing leave of Mr. Besant's instructive book. The condition of laborers in factory and Nowadays the historic muse does not disdain mine was wretched almost beyond belief. to turn from the splendor of courts and camps Children six years of age were lowered into to dwell upon the annals of the poor. His the coal-pits and kept at work in almost total torians, novelists, and essayists have brought darkness for twelve hours. And to this Tar- vividly before us the show and glitter, the tarus the little things were hopelessly doomed feasting and merry-making, of this period; so long as their tender years rendered them they have shown us a golden age, and we love helpless. Think of it! The entire years of to contemplate it, and sigh regretfully for the childhood spent with hardly a glimpse of the good old times. But the people now have | green fields and the sunlight! So many chil. their prophets, and these have a woful tale dren were wanted that in one colliery employ- which must be told, be the occasion what it ing four hundred hands there were fifty-six may, and, like the “ Wedding Guest," we under thirteen. “cannot choose but hear.” We turn regret "When a child grew strong enough, he or she- fully from a phase of life which the orna- ' boy or girl-was promoted to the post of drawer, 126 [Oct., THE DIAL The drawer, boy or girl alike, clad in a short pair are not of general interest and are beyond the of trousers and nothing else, had a belt tied around grasp of the uneducated musical reader. The the waist and a chain attached by one end to the fine two-volume edition of Naumann's History, belt and the other to the corve, or truck, which he dragged along the galleries to the place where it recently translated by Ferdinand Praeger and was loaded for the mouth, the chain passing be- edited with so much care by the Oxford pro- tween his legs; on account of the low height of the fessor, Rev. Sir F. A. Gore Ouseley, is an galleries he had generally to go on all fours." exception to those observations. Though very The English lower classes touched their ex exhaustive in the field it covers, it is written treme point of degradation in the middle of the from a popular standpoint, and the author has eighteenth century. In thirty-four, their con- accomplished a very useful work in availing dition was improved, but still it was incredibly himself of the results of specialists and com- bad. The national philanthropy of that date bining them in an untechnical manner so as to seems to have been of the sentimental, the form a consecutive history which is interesting grandly theoretical, rather than of the practical even to the uneducated layman. sort, and hints grimly at the soundness of the To this class of works also belongs “A metaphysical quibble about benevolence and Popular History of Music," by James E. Mat- self-love; it was, in fact, the philanthropy thew, which recently appeared in London, which weeps over the far-distant heathen, but and has been reprinted in this country by the spurns the beggar at the gate. Public men Lippincotts. Its full title, “ A Popular History inveighed against slavery-in America and the of Music, Musical Instruments, Ballet and colonies; “Mrs. Jellyby” devoted her life to Opera, from St. Ambrose to Mozart,” indicates “Borrioboola Gha;” but the cry for help from its general scope and also reveals its limita- English slaves in factory and pit was un- tions. To the musical scholar it will be little heeded. Nor could the poor look to the church less than an aggravation that a work so well for an advocate. Mr. Besant's view of the done should close with Mozart's time—a pe- English church of half a century ago is not riod when that composer and Haydn were flattering. It was still the day of pluralists just about developing the Symphony from the and absentees; of shepherds fat and lazy, care- Sonata form and giving the Trio and Quartet less and perfunctory, who their due importance for the first time, thus "Scramble at the shearer's feast, preparing the way for the great master of the And shove away the worthy bidden guest.” orchestra, Beethoven, who in turn was making “Fifty Years Ago” is a decidedly attractive the path straight for the modern writers of the volume. It is written currente calamo, with romantic school and the highly colored orches- an easy familiarity and sprightliness of style tration of the so-called musicians of the future, that will please the general reader. The Berlioz, Liszt, and Wagner. It goes without author, moreover, has managed to compress a saying also that for the general reader this marvellous amount of information within very Popular History would have possessed greater small compass; his work reminding one, some- interest and charm had it treated of the music how, of the boast of the clever English waiter with which he has grown familiar as well as that he “ once squeezed a quart of wine into a of the music of the pre-Mozart period, most pint decanter." of which has now become antiquated and, EDWARD GILPIN JOHNSON. with the exception of Bach's and Handel's scores, is rarely heard upon the modern con- --=-==--= = = cert-stage. There is no hint to be found in the History of any purpose on the part of its A POPULAR HISTORY OF MUSIC.* author to continue it and bring it down to the Of the making of histories of music there present time in a future volume. If it is to is literally no end. The number of them wbich end here, it may well be said of it that, like have appeared since Burney astonished the many another narrative, it stops just as the world with his huge three-volume edition, a interest begins. century ago, is legion. From this point of What is done, however, is exceedingly well view, a new history would almost seem super- done, and the author has been very happy in fluous. It is to be noted, however, that these collecting much rare and quaint information histories, such as Burney's, Hawkins's, Fetis's, and in presenting it to his readers in very Ambrose's, Chappell's, and even Rockstro's, pleasing style. In the earlier part of the work which was published a year or more ago, not considerable space is devoted to a sketch of to mention such erudite works as those of the development of our present musical nota- Coussemaker and others, are written for mu tion, richly illustrated with examples from sical scholars, and consequently are largely ancient manuscripts, such as fac-similes from technical, besides covering dry details which the Antiphonarium of St. Gregory, the no- menclature of the Neums given in the Brevi. arium de Musica, and numerous quotations MENTS, BALLET AND OPERA. From St. Ambrose to Mozs By James E. Matthew. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. | from the music of the eleventh, twelfth, and *A POPULAR HISTORY OF MUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRU. 1888.) 127 THE DIAL thirteenth centuries, also in fac-simile. In the writer wisely deciding that detailed criti- this part of the work the infancy of harmony cism would be out of place, “for the world has is also traced in the music of the troubadours, | long ago recorded its judgment on the respect- minstrels, minnesingers and meistersingers. | ive merits of those whose compositions come An entertaining chapter is devoted to the mus | under notice.” While it is not a history in the sical instruments of Greece and Rome, as well educational sense, and would be sadly out of as to the wind, stringed and bowed instruments place as a text book, it must fill a very impor- of a later period, which are the legitimate an tant place in any musical library as a compen- cestors of our present elaborate mechanisms, dium of useful and rare information within and these also are profusely illustrated, thus the limitations to which reference has already giving an added value to the book, as many of been made. It is to be hoped, however, that them are now known only by name. There the writer will follow up the work so auspi- are few even among scholarly musicians who ciously begun and give the public a popular can accurately define the province of the history of music from Mozart to Wagner. shophar, Oliphant, nablum, theorbo, crwth, GEORGE P. UPTON. rotta, organistrum, and monochord. The mu- sical influence of the Netherlands and Italy and Germany upon the beginnings of music, as we | THE UNITED STATES AFTER THE REVOLU- know it, is fully treated; likewise the early TION.* music of England, particularly the songs and madrigals as well as the cathedral music and Vol. VII. of Winsor's “Narrative and Crit- various metrical versions of the Psalms. An | ical History of America” is devoted mainly entire chapter is devoted to the origin of the to events which followed the American Revo- opera and oratorio, and another to the rise of lution ; and by many readers it will be re- the opera in France, which is peculiarly valu- garded as the most interesting volume of the able for its information as to the Ballet Com series. The opening chapter treats the politi- ique de la Royne and its sketch of the career cal struggles and relations of the United States of Lully. The chapter on Music in Germany with the European powers, from 1775 to 1782, is of necessity largely occupied with the Bach and is written by Edward J. Lowell of Boston. family and its pupils, but space is also found | France, Spain, Holland, and Germany, during for a description of the foundation of the the war, kept American statesmen busy in famous Gewandhaus concerts and for an ex- thwarting British diplomacy, fostering a sym- amination of the careers of Kaiser, Handel, pathy for the struggling Republic, obtaining Mattheson, Hasse, Graun, Marpurg, Fux, and money and supplies, and laying a secure foun- Gluck. Leaving Germany, the author again dation for peace when it should come. Nearly lands in England, about the time of the Com two years elapsed, after the surrender of monwealth, whence he proceeds down to the Cornwallis at Yorktown, in October 1781– period of Mozart's visit, noting on the way when the British ministry confessed that the not only Handel's remarkable career, and the war for the subjugation of the United States lives of such prominent English musicians as was a failure-before a treaty of peace was Purcell, Boyce, Dr. Arne, Cary, and Dibdin, signed. Those were busy years of negotiation; but such rarities as the Salmon and Lock con- and Mr. John Jay, in chapter II., has given a troversy, the “Musick's Monument” of Mace, clear and graphic account of the peace nego- the d’Urfey ballads, the Dragon of Wantley, tiations, which fills nearly a hundred pages. Britton ('The Musical Small Coal Man,” the The delay did not arise so much from the dis- ballad operas, of which the “Beggar's Opera” position of England to stop the war and enter was the prolific parent, the “Concert of An into amicable relations with these late Ameri- tient Musick," and the catches and catch clubs. can subjects, as from the obstacles which The final chapter is devoted to music in France France and Spain threw in the way of such during the eighteenth century, which gives the an adjustment. The position of France, the author an opportunity for an exceedingly in- | ally of the United States and sworn enemy of teresting essay on the ballet in all its glory, England, seemed very strange; and affairs were the musical literature and the instrumental still further complicated by the instructions composers of that country. which Congress gave to its commissioners not Our sketch of the contents of this history to make a treaty with Great Britain without is at best only a general one. It is crammed the concurrence of their “ generous ally, the with curious information about old books, old * NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA. writers, old instruments, and old compositions, With Bibliographical and Descriptive Essays on its His. and is profusely and richly illustrated with torical Sources and Authorities. Edited by Justin Winsor, LL.D., Librarian of Harvard University, with rare plates, portraits, and fac-similes of titles the cooperation of a Committee from the Massachusetts of operas and ballets which can only be found Historical Society, and with the aid of other learned elsewhere by long and patient research in large societies. In eight volumes. Vol. VII.,- The United S States of North America to the Close of the Mexican War. libraries. The work is entirely descriptive, Boston: Houghton, Mimin & Co. 128 [Oct., THE DIAL wa King of France." The United States claimed “The Loyalists and their Fortunes” are the Mississippi as its western boundary, and | treated by Dr. George E. Ellis ; “The Con- the free navigation of that river; the great federation,” by the Editor; “The Constitution lakes as its northern boundary, and their old of the United States and its History," by right to fish on the banks of Newfoundland George T. Curtis ; “ The History of Political and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. France was Parties,” by Alexander Johnston—and a very in alliance with Spain, which claimed the sole valuable chapter it is; “The Wars of the right to navigate the Mississippi, and even United States, 1789–1850," by James R. Soley; laid a claim to the territory west of the Alle- “The Diplomacy of the United States,” by ghanies. France favored these pretensions; President James B. Angell; “The Territorial and Vergennes, the French minister, argued Acquisitions and Divisions,” by the Editor for them to the American commissioners. He and Edward Channing; and “The Portraits could not see why they should be so strenuous of Washington,” by the Editor. To each about the fisheries. The Northwest Territory chapter is appended full bibliographical and by Parliament a part of the prov. | historical notes and references. ince of Quebec in 1774, and he thought it would Two more volumes will finish the work. The better remain as Canadian territory, and Spain next to be issued is volume I., which will treat should have the remainder of the Western the ante-Columbian period of discovery. This lands. France was satisfied in having gained will be followed by the eighth and last volume, its point of separating the United States from W. F. POOLE. Great Britain, and then was jealous of the young nation which it had helped to create. Great Britain, on the other hand, wanted CHIEF-JUSTICE MARSHALL. peace as a means of stopping the enormous expenditure of the war, and on such conditions [A little more than three years ago, THE DIAL pub- lished an article upon Chief Justice Marshall, written by as would leave the American people in sym Mr. Melville W. Fuller. The elevation of Mr. Fuller to pathy with Great Britain rather than France. the same high position once held by Marshall lends an The British ministry made no serious issue interest to the article much beyond that of its original publication. Readers of THE DIAL will, we are sure, about boundaries, and little about the fisheries; thank us for reprinting the article and thus giving them but were strenuous that debts owed in America an opportunity to read the opinion of Chief-Justice should be guaranteed, and that the loyalists Fuller upon his illustrious predecessor.---EDR. DIAL.] who had been banished should be taken back It is not as a Revolutionary soldier, member and their confiscated property restored to of the Virginia Conventions and Assembly, them. France urged the American commis and of Congress, Envoy to France and Secre- sioners to yield both these conditions, which tary of State, that we think of John Marshall, they stubbornly refused to do. Jay and Adams but as the great magistrate who for thirty- became disgusted with the strange diplomacy four years held practically unquestioned sway of Vergennes. Dr. Franklin, who had believed as the head of the Supreme Court of the in the friendship and sincerity of the French United States. During the period of his in- ministry, slowly and reluctantly came to their cumbency, Kenyon, Ellenborough, Tenterden, views, and the American commissioners se and Denman were successively Chief-Justices cretly negotiated the preliminary treaty with of England; and Eldon, Erskine, Lyndhurst, the English commission without consultation and Brougham were Lord Chancellors. Judge with the French minister, and thus disregarded Marshall had been a soldier, as had Erskine; their instructions from Congress. This step and for a short time a member of the cabinet, of the American commissioners has been the as was Ellenborough; but no comparison can occasion of much discussion and sharp criti be instituted between him and either of his cism; and until recently, when new documents eminent contemporaries. His intellect exhib- have come to light, it has been generally ited the combination of force and lucidity regarded as unfair and lacking in candor. Mr. which were characteristic of Lord Lyndhurst; Jay, using these new documents, clearly shows but the latter was more of a politician than a that the course pursued by his ancestor and statesman,—whereas Marshall, if he had re- Mr. Adams was fully justifiable. Mr. Living mained in political life, would have been more ston, the American Secretary of State, on of a statesman than a politician. receiving a copy of the treaty, thanked the Judge Marshall has been compared to Holt commissioners in the warmest terms for their and Mansfield. Undoubtedly Chief Justice services, and expressed his regret that the Holt, in applying the old system to the wants treaty had been made without the advice and of a new state of society, may be said to have concurrence of our“ generous ally.” It is now dealt in constructive jurisprudence. To him apparent that the treaty could not have been is due the regulation of negotiable securities made in conformity with the instructions given | and the settlement of many questions pertain- by Congress. ing to the general law of contracts. The 1888.] 129 THE DIAL noted case of Coggs vs. Bernard, in which he to conclusively define the boundary-line be- discusses the whole law of bailment, and which | tween Federal and State powers, while it has Judge Story represents as “a prodigious effort always at the same time held that it cannot to arrange the principles by which the subject interfere with the political exercise of power is regulated, in a scientific order," is a striking by Congress or the President. illustration of the merits of this great judge. From the case of Marbury vs. Madison (1 And Lord Mansfield, in the language of Mr. Cranch, 158), decided in 1803, down to 1834, Justice Buller in Lickbarrow vs. Mason, “may nearly forty decisions were given in relation to be truly said to be the founder of the com the powers of the general government together mercial law of England.” with its own. In the first of these cases, the But, though Holt and Mansfield also con- | Court held that it had the power to declare an tributed to the expansion of a system of Con act of Congress void when in its judgment re- stitutional law, yet the creation of such a pugnant to the Constitution. In Fletcher vs. system was especially the achievement of Peck (6 Cranch, 87), an act of the State legis- Marshall. Many, perhaps nearly all, of the lature was declared void on the same ground. members of the Supreme Court have been | In the Dartmouth College case (4 Wheaton, prominent in politics before their elevation to i 518), the Court held that a grant of corporate that exalted station. Chief-Justices Taney powers is a contract the obligation of which and Chase, Judges Woodbury and Clifford, the States are inhibited to impair. In McCul- are noted examples. But freedom from parti loch vs. The State of Maryland (4 Wheaton, sanship has always characterized the official 316), the act incorporating the United States conduct of every member of this tribunal. Of Bank was pronounced constitutional, and the course its decisions on what may be termed power of Maryland to tax the branch in that political questions have been in accordance State denied. In Cohens vs. State of Virginia with the general views previously entertained (6 Wheaton, 264), the Court held that in the by the majority; as, for instance, after the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction it could Court had decided against the constitution review the judgment of a State court, in a ality of the Legal Tender acts, two new judges case arising under the Constitution, laws, and having been appointed, the previous decision treaties of the United States. Gibbons vs. was reversed, and, the changes in the Court Ogden (9 Wheaton, 1), was briefly this : New continuing, the conclusion has been finally an- York granted to Livingston and Fulton, for a nounced with one dissent (that of the only term of years, the exclusive right to navigate Democratic justice) that Congress has the with steamboats the waters of that State ; and power to coin paper and make it lawful money. I Ogden derived his right to run such boats There is no reason to doubt that this is the between Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and the result of the honest convictions of the mem City of New York, under them. Gibbons bers of the Court, and this will be now ad. claimed the right to do so under licenses mitted to be also true of the decision in the granted under the laws of Congress. The celebrated Dred Scott case. New York courts sustained the validity of the The fundamental principle of the Demo State laws. Webster and Wirt appeared for cratic party has always been that the Consti- Gibbons, and Emmet and Oakley for Ogden. tution of the United States should be strictly The Court adopted the proposition of Mr. construed. The fundamental principle of the Webster, that Congress has the exclusive Federal party and its successors has been that | authority to regulate commerce, in all its the Constitution should receive a latitudina- | forms, on all the navigable waters of the rian construction, and that the Government United States, their bays, rivers, and harbors, should be made as powerful in the internal without any monopoly, restraint, or interfer- administration of the whole country as in the ence created by State legislation. In these, management of its foreign affairs. Only a and many other cases, the Chief Justice deliv- month previous to the inauguration of Mr. ered the opinion of the Court, displaying that Jefferson, Mr. Marshall, then Secretary of wonderful reasoning power which has ren- State and a pronounced Federalist, became dered his judicial utterances so celebrated. Chief-Justice; and during his long leadership In mere juridical learning he has been sur- the current of decision was distinctively upon passed by some, but in the power of pure rea- the Federal line of governmental theory. son by none. His colleague, Mr. Justice Story, The Constitution provides that the Consti- | eminent as a judge, an author, and a teacher, tution and the laws made in pursuance thereof will be chiefly remembered for those elaborate “shall be the supreme law of the land; and works which led Lord Campbell to refer to the judges in every State shall be bound him in the House of Lords as “the first of thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws living writers on the law," and in which he of any State to the contrary notwithstanding”; displayed a prodigality of learning in every and the Federal judiciary exercises the power branch of jurisprudence. This the Chief- 130 (Oct., THE DIAL Justice had not; but he possessed, to a degree “With a pencil dipped in the most vivid colors, rarely, if ever, equalled, the faculty of detect- and guided by the hand of a master, a splendid ing at once the very point on which the portrait has been drawn, exhibiting this vessel and her freighter as forming a single figure, composed disposition of the controversy depended and of the most discordant materials of peace and of resolving every argument into its ultimate war. So exquisite was the skill of the artist, so principles, and then applying them to the de dazzling the garb in which the figure was presented, cision of the cause. It is even asserted that, that it required the exercise of that cold investigat- at the close of one of his admirable opinions, ing faculty which ought always to belong to those Judge Marshall said: “These seem to me to who sit on this bench, to discover its only imperfec- be the conclusions to which we are conducted tion: its want of resemblance." by the reason and spirit of the law. Brother The Court held that the character of the Story will furnish the authorities.” vessel and of the cargo remain as distinct in Within the limits of this article, quotation | that as in any other case. is impracticable from decisions which must be Judge Marshall presided upon the trial of read to be fully appreciated. The result of Burr for treason, and his discharge of the those bearing on the powers of Congress is great responsibility then resting upon him re- that Congress may pass pretty much any law mains a monument to his judicial firmness and to carry a granted power into execution, since, impartiality. His eloquent denunciation of even though not actually necessary, Congress the fear of consequences in making rulings by passing it shows that it deems it necessary. compelled by his legal conclusions, reminds This is upon the principle stated in McCulloch one of Lord Mansfield's celebrated outburst vs. State, that a government which has a right in the case of Wilkes: to do an act, and has imposed upon it the duty " That this Court does not usurp power is most of performing that act, must be allowed to true. That this Court does not shrink from its select that means which seems to it necessary duties is not less true. No man is desirous of plac- and proper. ing himself in a disagreeable situation. No man is While Marshall's fame will chiefly depend desirous of becoming the peculiar subject of cal- umny. No man, might he let the bitter cup pass upon his masterly treatment of constitutional from him without reproach, would drain it to the questions, yet it is not to be inferred that he bottom, But if he has no choice in the case, if was not eminent in other departments. The there is no alternative presented to him, but a dere- present Chief-Justice [Waite) well says: liction of duty or the opprobrium of those who are denominated the world, he merits the contempt as “He kept himself at the front on all questions well as the indignation of his country, who can of constitutional law, and consequently his master- hand is seen in every case which involved that hesitate which to embrace." subject. At the same time, he and his co-workers, Truly he might have exclaimed: “Ego hoc whose names are some of them almost as familiar animo semper fui, ut invidiam virtute partam, as his own, were engaged in laying deep and gloriam non invidiam, putarem.” strong the foundations on which the jurisprudence The volume before us [Magruder's Life of of the country has since been built. Hardly a day Marshall] strictly sustains the accuracy of the now passes in the court he so dignified and adorned portrait, and presents in a succinct and com- without reference to some decision of his time, as establishing a principle which, from that day to pendious form the life and character of this this, has been accepted as undoubted law.” eminent man and the elements which went to The Chief-Justice, and the accomplished make up his greatness. We see him in the discharge of all the duties of exalted office Brockholst Livingston, did not willingly con- and in the walks of private life, and the sent to the adoption of the English prize law author is particularly felicitous in the repre- as the law of this country. Mr. Pinkney, to sentation of his buoyancy of spirits, his kind whose efforts the naturalization of that law and playful temperament, the zest with which may be attributed, declared that the Chief- he enjoyed the pleasures of the table or the Justice had a marvellous incapacity for ad- club. Numerous personal incidents are nar- miralty law; yet his judgments in this branch rated in illustration of the simplicity of his of the law-such as those in Rose vs. Himely character; but there is none more striking (4 Cranch, 241), “ The Exchange” (9 Cranch, than the fact that the head of the most pow. 116), and “The Nereide” (9 Cranch, 430), are erful tribunal on earth never retired to rest considered as of the highest order. The ques- tion in “The Nereide was whether a hostile without repeating the Lord's Prayer and the lines commencing “Now I lay me down to force added to a hostile flag infects with a sleep." As the years pass, the fame of this hostile character the goods of a friend; and great man continues to shine with undimin- Mr. Pinkney had argued, with great rhetorical ished lustre, and so will continue until the power, that the goods of a neutral placed on firmament from whence beam the glories of board of an armed vessel of an enemy had Tribonian and D'Aguesseau, of Hale and forfeited their neutral character. Marshall, Mansfield, is rolled together like a scroll. C. J., said: MELVILLE W. FULLER, 1888.] 131 THE DIAL BRIEFS ON NEW Books. Abstract enough her thoughts will doubtless seem to most readers,--and her art too, for that matter. One of the most interesting phenomena to the Scatteringly acute, sometimes extremely bright, student of history is the recurrence in widely sepa this writer lacks grasp, coherence, and "sweet rated epochs and lands of the same political and reasonableness." Her sympathies are far sounder economic crises. No more valuable commentary on than her judgment. The quality of the latter may the events of the Reformation and the Revolution be inferred from her statement that all that she has in Western Europe can be found than the history learned of Goethe “disgusts us forever with the of Russia to-day. Stepniak has already famil man and all that he had to do or say." Yet she iarized himself to English readers by his pungent can speak of some things quite in Goethe's spirit, method and his startling matter; and in his latest as when she says of honest skeptics that “to doubt volume, “ The Russian Peasantry " (Harpers), he their sincerity is a reflection upon our own." The has incorporated articles already published in the book attests the author's earnestness and noble aims; London "Times” and “The Fortnightly Review." yet earnestness and noble aims, sufficient as they are Three-fourths of the book, however, is new material, for life, are unfortunately not sufficient for litera- and in its pages will be found one of the most ture. This product of so much effort must accord- painfully interesting chapters in the history of the ingly be regretfully pronounced to be, in and people which has ever been printed. The earlier for itself, an unjustifiable contribution to the ever- portion reveals the economical, the latter the relig- swelling stream of printed matter that comes to ious and moral condition of the Russian peasantry bewilder and destroy us,-a second deluge visited of to-day. It startles one to be told that the glori- upon us for our sins. With respect to the author, ous emancipation acts of 1861 and 1866 did not however, this book is an interesting, if not alto- prove sources of unalloyed benefit to the Russian gether consoling, revelation of the mental proc- serf; yet one is forced to question whether the esses of an increasing class of earnest women who serf, with his usufruct in the land, was not bet are laboring for the promotion of wider interests ter off than the free peasant whose moiety of his | and liberal pursuits among their sisters. former lands is fast passing into the hands of money sharks, Stepniak suggests three remedies which WORDSWORTH's “The Prelude, or Growth of a must be applied cumulatively, before the terrible Poet's Mind; an Autobiographical Poem" is a work starvation which now threatens the dis-homed peo of which its admirers can hardly speak save in the ple can be averted. These are—the expropriation of loving and exalted terms applied by religious en- the lands assigned at the time of the emancipation thusiasts to their sacred books. It is a book to be to the nobles as a lion's share, the establishment read-as good Professor Marsh is said to have read by the government of a system of “cheap credit” Wordsworth-on the knees, -at least on the spirit's for those desiring loans to improve their lands, and knees. Yet there are critics, if not readers, who the spread of elementary and professional education find it dull and doubt the sincerity of those who among the peasantry. The account of contempo- profess to enjoy it, -as they probably doubt the rary Protestanism and Rationalism in Russia recalls sincerity of those who profess to enjoy Isaiah and vividly the far better known series of events in the Psalms. Truly “the world is too much with Western Europe which produced Renaissance pa- us," and we had need invoke Wordsworth to ganism and New England puritanism. No one can "return to us again, read this book and not understand why Russia to- And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power." day heaves convulsively under the iron pressure of Is it possible to hope that this high-minded poet Cæsarism and officialism, or why the surface of may again be as efficient as he confessedly was in society occasionally breaks into a fiery volcano of his own day, in that work to which his life was Nihilism. The suggestion is worth considering, singly dedicated, of counteracting “the mechani- that in these days when coöperation is in the air, cal and utilitarian theories" of the time? No lover the village community system of Russia holds ready of the poet can well doubt that the world will re- a half-way house towards social amelioration when- turn to him. One can hardly help applying to him ever the good work may begin. But can Russia his own apostrophe to the Haytian patrioti pass peacefully to a modern phase of life? “Thou hast great allies; Thy friends are exultations, agonies, FLORENCE T'RAIL, the author of "Studies in And love, and man's unconquerable mind." Criticism” (Worthington), is one of those dreadfully “The Prelude" was written in the poet's most clever women who talk of men (meaning human vigorous years, and is undoubtedly his richest and beings of the male sex) as “a class” united by a most sustained effort,-if that may be called effort mean selfishness into a conspiracy to keep woman which seems so spontaneous and inevitable. Per- out of her just political rights. She draws up a haps the most notable fact disclosed by a critical long list of female rulers, from the Queen of Sheba examination of this noble poem is, that the materials to the Empress Eugénie, by way of an historical out of which it is wrought are of the commonest. argument to establish the fact that women have Wordsworth accepted the challenge of Sidney's made as good rulers as men (!)”—the (!) being ap muse ("Fool,' said my Muse to me, look in thy parently to show that she deems this an absurdly heart and write?"), and wrote of those stealthy and moderate statement of the case. This point estab- shadowy stirrings of the mind, which, while they lished, she goes on to prove, with equal conclusive are the common experience of all men, remain for ness, that "the extraordinary solicitude” of the the most part in the limbo of the unconscious until religious world about John Stuart Mill's atheism revealed to us by poet or philosopher. It is safe to "was entirely due to the hatred of woman suffrage." say that no one has so systematically attempted or These remarkable demonstrations are the work of a so frequently succeeded as Wordsworth, in this womnan who declares herself indifferent to fiction "theme hard as high ” of tracing “home to its and the drama, because she passionately loves “ Ab- cloud the lightning of the mind.”_The present stract Thought and the Arts that emanate from it." ' edition (Heath & Co.), by Professor George, is 132 [Oct., THE DIAL everyway admirable. To say that the editing is their comprehension, An unusual amount of space worthy of the text is saying a great deal, yet hardly is devoted to the Indians, and to the manners and too much. It is to be earnestly hoped that the customs of the early colonists, while some of the study of this narrative of the foundation and the presidents are dismissed in a few lines. Mr. Eggles- building up of a Human Spirit” will be widely pro ton is not a purist in style; he makes use of an moted by this new presentation. "The Prelude" occasional colloquialism. Nor does he always is one of the few books from which one rises with show that critical accuracy which his preface a changed heart, would lead us to expect. For example, Prof. The third volume of Professor Henry Morley's S. F. B. Morse is credited with the invention of new issue of his “ English Writers" (Cassell) deals “the electric telegraph in its present practical with that vague amphibious period of literary his- shape,” whereas it was shown by Mr. F. L. Pope tory between the Conquest and the birth of Chaucer. in "The Century" for April last “that not a single During this time the literature that appears upon feature of the original invention of Morse, as formulated in his caveat and repeated in his original the surface is a literature of court and convent, written in French and Latin upon themes that patent, is to be found among the essential constitu- do not as yet come home to the business and ents of the modern apparatus." But although crit- bosoms of English folk. The English mind is as- ical accuracy is a good thing, it is not, perhaps, the similating much and producing little; its original most important thing in a book for children. If activity flows in obscure channels; the old artistic they can be interested in history and given a taste impulses have well-nigh died out in the strenuous for historical study, they will soon correct a few errors of detail; and if this book, as used by a com- conflicts with Dane and Norman. But these three centuries saw the beginnings of much that is mem- petent teacher, does not interest them, no book orable: they saw the old English speech improved will. The author does not insist upon his own by the French leaven and raised into something views of mooted questions, but gives, so far as pos- lighter and richer; they saw the development of the sible, a colorless narrative. There is a good index, Welsh legends of King Arthur by Geoffrey of Mon- and the necessary apparatus for conducting reviews mouth and Wace and Map, and the final vernacular and topical recitations. appropriation of all this fruitful material by Laya- mon in his “ Brut.” When it is remembered that THE publishers of “The Open Court" have is- this is the time of troubadour and trouvère, of the sued in book form Max Müller's three introductory scholastic philosophy and Roger Bacon, of the lectures on “ The Science of Thought,” which golden age of Welsh literature, of Dante and the first appeared in their journal for June, July, and Italian Revival, of the fusion of Saxon and Norman August, 1887. The republication is justifiable. into one people with one faith, one language, one These lectures offer a clear and brief résumé of the loyalty, it will no longer seem unnatural that these author's elaborate work already fully reviewed in ages of quiet education should have culminated, THE DIAL, and may serve hurried readers as a guide or even as a substitute. The two leading in the fourteenth century, in the broader horizons and fairer conceptions of Chaucer. Professor doctrines of that work—the dependence of thought upon language, and the origin of roots in the clamor Morley's book, with its abundant citations and translations, its catholic and almost encyclopædic concomitans of the social acts of primitive man-are inclusiveness, its pleasant narrative style interfused here set forth and defended with the author's well- with the wise, kind, tolerant spirit of the veteran known ingenuity and vivacity. Here, as there, author and teacher, is probably the most perfect the irrepressible rhetorician in Müller betrays him survey of this period accessible to the English into exaggerations that expose him to misconception by the careless and confutation by the captious. reader. The fourth volume, to include “the results of a new study of vexed questions upon the life and In the appended correspondence on "Thought works of Chaucer," is promised in December. It Without Words” reprinted from “Nature," the cannot fail to be of surpassing interest, especially author and his critics are almost constantly at cross- purposes. It is as if an economist were to declare to those who shall obtain from the present volume an intelligent notion of the intellectual atmosphere commerce inseparable from coinage, and, when that Chaucer breathed, and of the materials with his critics instanced wampum, were to reply that which he wrought. value may have other symbols and measures than gold. They might then bring up barter against him, THOUGH our American school-books are famous and he would be free to answer that barter is not for their attractiveness, there is none among them commerce in the higher sense, or that even in more attractive than Edward Eggleston's “Éistory barter one of the commodities is a symbol and of the United States and Its People" (Appleton). measure of the value of the other. Some such a The broad page, with its large, clear type, is itself logomachy we have here. Of all Müller's critics, a delight to the eye; and moreover, the book is Romanes is the only one who approximately de- crammed with excellent pictures: it is gay with fines the real problem: how far can complex asso- colored maps and plates, adorned by full-page en- ciations of ideas be formed and maintained either gravings, overflowing with small maps and cuts. without signs or with other signs than those of Happy the child with such a beautiful book! Let spoken language? It is strange that none of the us hope that he may not be led to put pictures in participants in the controversy mention Victor the place of ideas. The numerous brief biographies Egger's clever book, “La Parole Intérieure." But, in smaller type, framed in the text, form a promi- as Müller says, “It is a difficult problem to know nent feature, and are delightfully done. , The text what new books we may safely leave unread." itself makes no pretension to exhaustiveness. On each topic, only so much is given as it is thought | MRs. Lydia HOYT FARMER'S “Life of LaFayette, children can make their own, and the story is told the Knight of Liberty in Two Worlds and Two with a simplicity and clearness that adapts it to | Centuries” (Crowell), is largely a compilation of 1888.] 133 THE DIAL undigested material from various sources. The au THESE Centennial years are producing a full crop thor assures us in her preface that “a more com- ! of “Sketches," already reaching from the Boston plete life of General La Fayette is here offered than Tea Party to the Constitution of 1789. The versa- has ever before appeared, either in this country or tile pen of W. H. Venable has added another to the in Europe." In her zeal for completeness, she has large list, in “Footprints of the Pioneers in the Ohio quoted nearly everything accessible that had any Valley” (Ohio Valley Press). The book is a valua- bearing upon the subject, and many things that ble contribution to a class of literature much of appear to us irrelevant. And yet, after reading which will be deservedly ephemeral. A brief nar- 472 pages of such completeness, we find no index, rative of the earlier French explorations is followed no mention of the date of LaFayette's birth, no by an account of the doings of the Ohio Land Com- just and moderate estimate of his services or of his panies of Virginia and Massachusetts, the organiza- abilities. The most readable portions of the book tion of the Northwest Territory under the famous are certain long citations from Carlyle: the least Ordinance of 1787, and the beginnings of Cincinnati. readable are some of the compiler's interpolations. The narrative is made more vivid by extracts from She sometimes makes a desperate attempt at fine or epitomes of the descriptions written by early writing, with recourse to rapturous italics. Touch- travellers in the valley. We cannot feel that the ing the infant LaFayette, we are informed that author has done wisely in tampering with poetry; “ gentler spirits than Stern War hovered over his a sufficient condemnation of his own lines inserted pillow. Gleaming-eyed Liberty said, 'I will make in the volume are the vigorous lines quoted from him my champion;' and mild-eyed Laro bent over Read's "gusty rhyme” on “The Wagoner of the the cradle and smoothed the baby brow, murmuring, Alleghanies," and the fine song, “The Boat-horn," 'I will make him love peace and order?,"etc. After of William 0. Butler, quoted at length. reading this, we are just congratulating ourselves that at least four-fifths of the book is within quota- tion marks, when we discover that much of this LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. quoted matter is from “French works never before translated,” and upon examining the renderings MRS. HUMPHRY WARD, author of "Robert Els- it appears that the translation has not yet been mere," is said to have another novel well advanced done. Numerous words, phrases, and even whole toward completion. sentences, are—for no assignable reason-left in the THE “scholar in politics" is personified just now original French, and even this is not always given by Col. T. W. Higginson, who is a candidate for correctly. The rest is not translated, but upset, Congress in Massachusetts, in the district that in- into English, as where our author speaks of the cludes Cambridge and Harvard College, Col. Hig- "radiation" of exiles. The book is illustrated by ginson's opponent is Gen. N. P. Banks, who is the numerous engravings. Republican nominee. MR. GEORGE WILLIS COOKE, who is well known The work of post-Darwinian naturalists has been, upon the lecture platform East and West, has pre- for the most part, that of supplementing the theory pared a course of four new lectures for the coming of organic development as enunciated in the “ Ori- season, on “ The Social History of New England." gin of Species," and of filling in the many gaps. He will also lecture, when desired, on “The Poetry Occasionally a note of dissidence is struck, but the of Robert Browning” and “The Intellectual De- dissidence is usually more apparent than real. The velopment of Women.” Mr. Cooke's address is recent work of Professor George Henslow (Apple- Dedham, Mass. ton) seems, at first sight, to be opposed to the Darwinian doctrine; but examination shows it to be MR. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE, whose critical so opposed to no great extent. The work is devoted writings in THE DIAL during the past five years are to "The Origin of Floral Structures," and its pur- well known to our readers, has accepted the posi- pose is to present the claims of what may be called tion of regular literary editor of the Chicago the external factor in the evolution of the organs “Evening Journal.” Any paper is to be con- of the flower. The author claims for insect and gratulated that secures the services of so capable other agencies the principal share in originating and conscientious a reviewer, Mr. Payne will con- variation; whereas Darwin laid somewhat more tinue his contributions to THE DIAL, especially in stress upon inherent tendencies to variation. All the departments of fiction and poetry. this, although extremely interesting, is purely sec The announcements of books for Fall issue by ondary in its relation to the fundamental Darwin- the various publishers are of a very interesting ian principles, which were enunciated so broadly character, and show a gratifying activity in the and so comprehensively as to include, when properly publishing trade. While the more magnificent and interpreted, all such work as that of the present costly gift-books will perhaps be less numerous author. The book is a very important one. It is than in some previous years, yet a considerable the result of many years of observation, and it is number of notable works are promised, and the written in an unusually clear and accurate style. books as a whole will, we are confident, compare It is especially gratifying as another illustration of well in merit with those of any previous Autumn. the growing tendency to give to the plant-world From the multitude of announcements already its due importance in the scientific “history of made we select for enumeration some of the more creation." Until within a few years an entirely important items in the various departments. disproportionate attention has been paid to the In History, Biography, Memoirs, etc., there will be development of animal forms, and the equally the two concluding volumes of Winsor's “Narrative important and interesting subject of plant-life and Critical History of America," viz., “America be- has been relegated to a position of secondary fore Columbus” and “The Later History of British importance. and Spanish America” (Houghton); three new 134 [Oot., THE DIAL volumes in the "American Commonwealths” series Among the books on Civics, Economics, Social "Indiana," by J. P. Dunn, Jr., “Ohio," by Rufus Ethics, etc., there will be “The Elements of Pol- King, “Tennessee," by James Phelan (Houghton); | itics," by Henry Sidgwick (Macmillan); “The " The Critical Period of American History," by Christian Unity of Capital and Labor," a $1,000 John Fiske (Houghton); “Franklin in France, prize book (Am. S. 8. Ūnion); “ Alphabet of Eco- Second Period," by E. E. Hale (Roberts); "The nomic Science," by Philip H. Wicksteed (Macmil- Viking Age," by Paul du Chaillu (Scribner); “The lan); “The Law of Equivalents, in Its Relations to Advance Guard of Western Civilization," by J. Political and Social Ethics," by Edward Payson R. Gilmore (Appleton); "A Short History of the (Houghton); “Tenure and Toil,'' by John Gibbons Secession War," by Rossiter Johnson (Ticknor); (Lippincott); “Practical Socialism,” by Rev. S. A. “Four Years with the Army of the Potomac,” by Barnett (Longmans); “The Economic Interpreta- Regis De Trobriand (Ticknor); “The Other Side tion of History," by James E. Thorold Rogers of War," by Katherine Prescott Wormeley (Tick (Putnam); “Essays on Practical Politics," by Theo- nor); "Pen and Powder," by Franc B. Wilkie | dore Roosevelt (Putnam). (Ticknor); “The Story of Louisiana," by Maurice In Fiction and Poetry there will be new editions Thompson (Lothrop); "The Story of Vermont," by of Hugo's and Dumas's Romances (for which see John D. Heaton (Lothrop); “Omitted Chapters of “Holiday Books"); "The Despot of Broomsedge American History,” by M. D. Conway (Putnam); Cove," by Charles Egbert Craddock (Houghton); “ History of Greece," by Evelyn Abbott (Putnam); "The McVeys," by Joseph Kirkland (Houghton); “The Story of Boston," by Arthur Gilman (Put “Autre Fois," by J. A. Harrison (Cassell); "The nam); “Mediæval France," by Gustave Masson, Graysons, a Story of Illinois,” by Edward Eggles- “ Holland," by J. E. Thorold Rogers, “Mexico,' ton (Century Co.); “Remember the Alamo," by by Susan Hale, and other volumes in “The Story of Amelia E. Barr (Dodd, Mead & Co.); “In Far the Nations " series (Putnam); “Scandinavian Brit Lochaber," by Wm. Black (Harper); “For Faith ain," by E. York Powell (Young); “Memoirs of and Freedom," by Walter Besant (Harper); “Mr. P. H. Sheridan (Webster); "Men and Measures of Fortesque, an Andean Romance," by W. West- Half a century,” Hugh McCulloch (Scribner); all (Appleton); “Orthodox,” by Dorothea Gerard “Elizabeth Barrett Browning,” by J. H. Ingram, (Appleton); “First Harvests,” by F. J. Stimson “Famous Women” series (Roberts); “The Writ (Scribner); “Amos Kilbright," by Frank R. Stock- ings of George Washington," edited by W. C. ton (Scribner); “A Man Story,' by E. W. Howe Ford (Putnam); in the series of “Great French (Ticknor); “ The Philistines,” by Arlo Bates (Tick- Writers,” “Montesquieu,” by Albert Sorel, “Victor nor); “Young Maids and old,” by Clara Louise Cousin," by Jules Simon, “Turgot," by Léon Say Burnham (Ticknor); "The Truth About Clement (McClurg); “Shelley, the Man and the Poet," by Kerr," by George Flemming (Roberts); three addi- Felix Rabbé (McClurg); “The Last Journals of Lady tional volumes of Balzac_ Cousin Bette," "Louis Brassey” (Longmans); “Memoirs of a Royalist, is Lambert,” and “ Seraphite ” (Roberts); " How Men by M. De Falloux (Lippincott); "Life of Henry M. Propose, Love Scenes from Popular Works of Fic- Stanley,” by Rev. H. W. Little (Lippincott); “War tion,” by Agnes Stevens (McClurg); “The Viking," Reminiscences," by the late Col. Mosby, illustrated a dramatic romance of the North, by Elwyn A. Bar- (Dodd, Mead & Co.); “Life and Times of Queen ron, with preface by Lawrence Barrett McClurg); Victoria,” by Robert Wilson (Cassell); “Henry III., "Sigurd Slembe," a drama, by Björustjerne Björn- King of France and Poland," by Martha Walkerson, translated by William Morton Payne (Hough- Freer (Dodd, Mead & Co.); "The Life of Lord ton); “A Marriage of Shadows, and Other Poems," Stratford de Redcliffe,” by Stanley Lane-Poole, by Margaret Veley (Lippincott); “Songs and Bal- (Longmans); “The Letters of Felix Mendelssohn lads of the Old Plantation," by Joel Chandler Harris to Ignaz and Charlotte Moscheles," translated and (Ticknor); “ Astrophel and Stella," by Sir Philip edited by Felix Moscheles (Ticknor); and a new Sidney, edited by Alfred Pollard (McClurg). biographical series, to be entitled “American Relig The new Books of Travel, etc., will include “On ious Leaders,” by various writers (Houghton). Horseback" and "Mexican Notes," by Charles In the field of Science there will be a new volume Dudley Warner (Houghton); “The Soul of the Far by Prof. Tyndall, “Diamagnetism and Magne East," by Percival Lowell (Houghton); “With the Crystallic action" (Appleton); two new volumes in Camel Corps Up the Nile," by Count Gleichen "The International Scientific Series ” (Appleton), (Lippincott); “Around the World on a Bicycle,” “The Senses, Instincts, and Intelligences of Ani. Vol. II., by Thomas Stevens (Scribner); “ Western mals," by Sir John Lubbock, and “Electricity,” by China,” by Rev. Virgil C. Hart (Ticknor); “My Prof. Sylvanus Thompson; "Astronomy with an Trip Round the World,” by W. S. Caine (Rout- Opera Glass,” by G. P. Serviss (Appleton); three ledge); “Transylvania," by E. Gerard (Harper); new volumes in “ The International Educational “Peninsular California," by Charles Nordhoff Series" (Appleton),-“ Outlines of Pedagogics," (Harper); “Shoshone, and other Western Won- by Col, F. W. Parker, “ The Development of the ders," by Edward Roberts (Harper); “Florida of Intellect," from the German of W. Preyer, and To-day," by James Wood Davidson (Appleton). “Memory,” by David Kay; “ American Weather,” Ilustrated Holiday Books.—“Walton and Cotton's by Gen. A. W. Greely, illus. (Dodd, Mead & Co.); | Compleat Angler,” Lea and Dove, illustrated edi- " The Riverside Natural History," in 6 vols., with tion, 2 vols., with 50 full-page photogravures and over 2,000 illustrations (Houghton); “Modern Sci 100 wood-cuts (Dodd, Mead & Co.); “Rembrandt's ence in Bible Lands," by Sir J. W. Dawson (Harper); Etchings,” 50 photogravures, with descriptive and “ The Earth in Past Ages," by Sophie B. Herrick historical notes (Dodd, Mead & Co.); “Etchings (Harper); Jordan's “Manual of Vertebrates," new by French Artists" (Dodd, Mead & Co.); " The edition, wholly re-written and printed from new Abbé Constantin,” by Ludovic Halévy, with photo- plates (McClurg); “Botany,” for schools and col gravure illustrations (Dodd, Mead & Co.); "Through leges, by Annie Chambers Ketcham (Lippincott). Woods and Fields with Tennyson” and “Under 1888.7 135 THE DIAL illustrated (Routledge); “New Etchings by Ameri- can Artists" (Stokes); "Madonnas by old Masters," 10 photogravure illustrations, and descriptive text by Ripley Hitchcock (Stokes); “Stuff and Non- sense, additional illustrations by A. B. Frost (Scribner); “That Sister-in-Law of Mine,” humor- ous sketches by Harry Parkes (Warne). Of books not classified under above headings we should name “Books and Men," by Agnes Repplier (Houghton); “Flowers and Fruit," from the writ- ings of Harriet Beecher Stowe (Houghton); “Poetry, Comedy, and Duty," by Charles Carroll Everett (Houghton); “First Supplement to the Index of Periodical Literature" (Jan. 1, '82 to Jan. 1, '87), by W. F. Poole and W. I. Fletcher (Houghton); “New Riverside Edition of Whittier's Works," in 7 vols. (Houghton); the first of the 3 quarto vols. which will comprise Scribner's “Cyclopædia of Music and Musicians," very fully illustrated; “Eighteenth Century Literature," by Edmund Gosse (Macmillan); "The Standard Symphonies,” a Handbook, by Geo. P. Upton (McClurg); “History of the Ref- ormation," by Philip Schaff (Scribner); "Dog- matic Theology," by Wm. G. T. Shedd (Scribner); “Westminster, and other Sermons,” by the late Archbishop Trench (Appleton); “Jesus Brought Back, Meditations on the Problem of Problems," by the Rev. J. H. Crooker (McClurg); “The Boy- hood of Christ," by Gen. Lew Wallace (Harper); "Jesus in Modern Life," by Algernon S. Logan (Lippincott). The announcements of juvenile books are so numerous that it is impossible in this issue even to represent them by selections. the Greenwood Tree,” with colored illustrations by Wedworth Wadsworth (Dodd, Mead & Co.); “Artists of New England and Their Work" (Casino); “European Etchings," with descriptive and biographical text (Estes & Lauriat); “Recent Italian Art," a portfolio of etchings from Modern Italian artists (Estes & Lauriat); Keats's “Endy- mion," illustrated by W. St. John Harper (Estes & Lauriat); Tennyson's "Fairy Lillian " and other poems, illustrated by George T. Andrew (Estes & Lauriat); Longfellow's “The Courtship of Miles Standish," illustrated by George H. Boughton and others (Houghton); “ Marching through Georgia," illustrated by Chas. Copeland (Ticknor); void Songs," illustrated by E. A. Abbey (Harper); Roosevelt's “Ranch Life," illustrated by Frederick Remington (Century Co.); “ Cathedrals of England and Wales," illustrated in color and monotint (Dutton); Victor Hugo's “Notre-Dame,” “Ninety- Three," "Toilers of the Sea," "History of a Crime,” and “By Order of the King," each in two vols., uniform with the five-volume edition of “Les Misérables” published last year, making a complete illustrated edition of Hugo's six greatest novels, all in entirely new translations (Crowell); seven additional vols. in the Little, Brown & Co. “Library Edition ” of Hugo's novels, of which “Les Misérables" was issued last year, in the excel- lent Wraxall translations, specially revised for this edition; four new vols, in the Routledge edition of Hugo's novels, illustrated, complete in seven vols.; new Library Edition of Dumas's “D'Artagnan Romances," in 10 vols., printed from new plates, uniform with the “Library Hugo"; Shakespeare's “Midsummer Night's Dream" (Dutton); Goethe's “Faust," Anster's translation, 10 full-page designs in water-colors, and many smaller illustrations (White and Allen); Shakespeare's “As You Like It," illustrated by Emile Bayard (Cassell); “Gems of Art” (Cassell); “ Marine Painting," by Walter W. May (Cassell); “Italian Pre-Raphaelites in the National Gallery " (Cassell); “Days Serene," illustrated by Margaret M. Pullman (Lee & Shep- ard); Goldsmith's " The Traveller," illustrations by M. M. Taylor (Lippincott); Goethe's “Hermann and Dorothea," illustrated by Hermann Faber (Lippincott); Beranger's “Songs and Poems," with steel plate illustrations (Lippincott); Lafébvre's “Embroidery and Lace,” with 150 illustrations (Lippincott); “Good For Nothing," translated by Mrs. Wister from the German of Von Eichendorff, with photogravure illustrations (Lippincott); “The Story of Mary the Mother," with full-page illustra- tions from famous paintings (Lothrop); “Old Concord,” with illustrations from photographs (Lothrop); Hale's “The Man Without a Country," illustrated by F. T. Merrill (Roberts); "Fancy Dress Described,” with colored illustrations (Rob- erts); “The Book of Christmas," illustrated by R. Seymour (Roberts); “Handbook to the National Gallery,” preface by Ruskin (Macmillan); “Irish Pictures drawn with Pen and Pencil ” (Nelson); “Sunday Rhymes from the Days of Our Grand- mothers," illustrated by George Wharton Edwards (Randolph); “Gems from Tennyson," illustrated by Hamatt Billings (Porter & Coates); “Baby's Lullaby Book,” illustrated in water-colors by W. L. Taylor (Prang); “ The Old Garden," by Rose Terry Cooke, illustrated in colors (Prang); Browning's “Pied Piper of Hamelin,” illustrated by Kate Greenaway (Routledge); "Gleanings from the Graphic” (Routledge); “The Wandering Jew,” TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. OCTOBER, 1888. American Literature, Library of. H. N. Powers. Dial. American Machine Cannon and Dynamite Guns. Cent. American Politics. Hugh McCulloch. Scribner. Army Hospitals and Cases. Walt Whitman, Century. Bird Courts of Justice. Popular Science. Birth and Reproduction. Grant Allen. Popular Science. Boston Painters. Wm. H. Downes. Atlantic. Boussingault, J. B. Popular Science Country Church, Problem of the. Andover. Deer Park, an English. Richard Jefferies. Century. Earth. What is Known of the. Richard Strachey. Pop. Sci. Economy, Esoteric. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic. Egyptian Temples. E. L. Wilson. Scribner. England Fifty Years Ago. E. G. Johnson, Dial. Ethics and Economics. Robt. Matthews. Popular Science. Evolution. Curiosities of. Mrs. Alice Bodington. Pop. Sci. Frontier Types. Theodore Roosevelt. Century. Fronto, Marcus Cornelius. Atlantic. Garibaldi. Wm. R. Thayer. Atlantic. Hebrides, The Elizabeth R. Pennell. Harper. Historical Movement and Christianity. Modern. Andover. Hypnotisın. C.A. Harter. Popular Science. Iceland. Wm. H. Carpenter. Atlantic Jelly.Fishes. W. K. Brooks, Popular Science. Journalism, Western. Z. L. White. Harper. Latin Hymns. S. V. Cole. Andover. Lazarus, Emma. Century. Limoges, France. Theodore Child. Harper. Lincoln, Abraham, Nicolay and Hay. Century. Man and the Lower Animals. E. Emerson. Pop. Science. Manual Training in Public Schools. J. James. Andover. Marshall, Chief Justice. M. W. Fuller. Dial. Mineral Waters. Titus M. Coan. Harper. Missions. O. O. Starbuck. Andover. Music, Popular History of, G. P. Upton, Dial. New Political Generation. E. P. Clark, Century. Our Military System Messrs. Kautz, Rice, etc. Century. Railroad. Its Business Relations. Arthur T. Hadley. Scrib. Reminiscences. Lester Wallack. Scribner. Roe, E. P. Wm. S. Walsh, Lippincott. Roe, E. P., Autobiography of. Lippincott. Sappho. H. W. Austin. Century. Sexes, Relation of to Government. E. D. Cope. Pop. Sci. Spiders. M. Emile Blanchard. Popular Science. St. Louis and Kansas City. C. D. Warner. Harper. Tolstoi and Matthew Arnold. F. F. Stoddard. Andover. Tomsk Forwarding Prison. George Kennan. Century. United States after the Revolution. W. F. Poole. Dial. 136 [Oct., THE DIAL BOOKS OF THE MONTH. HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY. A Short History of the War of Secession. 1861-1865. By Rossiter Johnson. 8vo, pp. 552. Gilt top. Ticknor & Co. $3.00. Narrative and Critical History of America. With Biographical and Descriptive Essays on its Historical Sources and Authorities. Edited by Justin Winsor. LL.D., Librarian of Harvard University, with the coöperation of a Committee from the Massachusetts Historical Society, and with the aid of other learned societies. In eight volumes. Vol. VII., -The United States of North America to the Close of the Mexican War. (Subscription.) Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Indiana. A Redemption from Slavery. By J. P. Dunn, Jr. 12mo, pp. 453. Gilt top. "American Com. monwealths.” Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. A Sketch of the Germanic Constitution, from Early Times to the Dissolution of the Empire. By Samuel Epes Turner, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 185, x. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. Dissolving Views in the History of Judaism. By Rabbi Solomon Schindler. 12mo, pp. 340. Lee & Shep. ard. $1.50. 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Mary, the Mother (The Story of). ANNUALS FOR 1888. Compiled by ROSE PORTER. “An outline story of Mary, the Mother-Maid, as told in the pages of the Holy Book, and by Historical and Legendary Art, as well as in songs chanted by the singers of high poems." The story is exquisitely told, and the illustrations add to the charm of the beantiful volume. Eleven full-page illustrations from famous paintings. 8vo, cloth, $3.00. Old Concord: Her Highways and Byways. By MARGARET SIDNEY. A picturesque, delightful series of papers on the famous old town, containing tril- ditíong and recollections of the oldest inhabitant, welcome alike to all interested in the beginnings of American history. Its charming style and quaint descriptions make it as fascinating as a novel. Illus. trated from photographs by A. W. Hosmer, of Con. cord, and by L. J. Bridgman. 8vo, cloth, $3.00. Wide Awake. Vol. Y. A handsomely bound and illustrated volume of 400 pages for older boys and girls. Among the serials are “ The Story of Keedon Bluffs" by Charles Egbert Craddock, and a thrilling Indian story by Lizzie W. Champney, entitled “The Lost Medicine of the Utes.” The poems and short stories--a host of them-are all sup. plied by well-known authors. $1.75. The Pansy for 1888. With colored frontispiece. Edited by PANSY (Mrs. G. R. ALDEN). More than 400 pages of reading and pictures for children of eight or fifteen years in various lines of interest. There are sketches of home and foreign life, religious instruction, biography, history, fiction, anecdote. $1.25. Star Bearer (The). By EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN. Illustrated by How- ard Pyle. No nobler Christmas poem than Mr. Sted. man's “Star Bearer" has been written since Milton wrote his "Nativity." Mr. Pyle's illustrations are conceived in the same lofty spirit. Heavy hand. made Japanese paper; proof impressions on Japanese silk paper; careful press-work in black, mediæval red and gold; fastenings of Japanese gold cord. In box, $1.25. Our Little Men and Women for 1888. With colored frontispiece and seventy-four full page illustrations. No boys and girls who have this book can be ignorant beyond their years of history, nat. ural history, or of what travellers see in foreign lands, or of the good times other boys and girls have. Cloth, $2.00; boards, $1.50. Babyland for 1888. With colored frontispiece. Finger- Plays and Cricket. Stories, and Tales told by a Cat, and scores of jingles and pictures. Large print and easy words. Cloth, $1.00, boards, 75 cents. Pansy Sunday Book. With colored frontispiece. Edited by PANSY. Boards, $1.25. The Lost Earl. With other Poems and Tales in Verse. By J. T. TROW. BRIDGE. Now first published in book form. Illus. trated, 8vo, cloth, $2.00. Our Young Folks at Home. With colored frontispiece. 4to, boards, $1.00. Luck of Edenhall (The). By AMANDA B. HARRIB. All the romantic stories and legends of the famous fairy glass, the old ballads about it, the story of the one Longfellow wrote-a portrait of the glass itself, and many charming draw. ings made at Edenhall last summer by Edmund H. Garrett. In box, 60 cents. Warwick Brookes' Pencil Pictures of Child- Life. With Biographical Reminiscences. By T. LETHERBROW, It is strange, in these art-loving days, that a man whose pictures of child.life are unrivalled by old or modern masters - in ideal innocence and artistic charms of artlessness - should be almost unknown. Small quarto, in box, $1.25. OTHER NEW BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. Ned Harwood's Visit to Jerusalem. By Mrs. S. G. KNIGHT. Travel in the Holy Land. The manuscript was read and approved by Rev. Selah Merrill, for many years U. S. Consul at Jerusalem. Cover in colors from original design. $1.25. Adventures of the Early Discoverers (The). By FRANCES A. HUMPHREY. 4to, cloth, $1.00. Young Folks' Stories of American History and Home Life. Edited by PANSY (Mrs. G. R. ALDEN). First series, boards, 75 cents; second series, boards, 75 cents. Young Folks' Stories of Foreign Lands. Edited by PANSY (Mrs. G. R. ALDEN). First series, boards, 75 cents; second series, boards, 75 cents. Story of the American Sailor (The). By ELBRIDGE S. BROOKS (uniform with “ The Story of the American Indian” by the same author'). The first consecutive narrative yet attempted, sketching the rise and development of the American seaman on Doard merchant vessel and man-of-war. Longfellow Remembrance Book. An outline of the poet's life, by E. S. BROOKS; the story of his boyhood, a record of his home.life and a recital of his relations with children, by Rev. Samuel Longfellow, Whittier's memorial poem; an account of the unveiling in Westminster Abbey; Miss Guiney's poem on that occasion-with portraits and illustrations. Small quarto, in box, $1.25. Pansies for Thoughts. Selected from the writings of Mrs. G. R, ALDEN (Pansy) by GRACE LIVINGSTON. 16mo, cloth, 75 cents. Christmas Eve and Easter Day. By ROBERT BROWNING. With an introductory essay, and explanatory notes to each poem by fleloise E. Hersey. Preface by W. J. Rolfe, 16mo, cloth, 75 cents; white, $1.25. A Dissertation Upon Roast Pig. By CHARLES LAMB. A separate issue of the humorous masterpiece of the gentle " Elia," characteristically illustrated with twelve designs by L, J. Bridgman. Small quarto, $1.00. Guithe, unveiling lier's memoriaren, by Rev.s and a A Queer Little Princess. FRANCES EATON. This story has an indescribable charm not unlike that of “Little Lord Fauntleroy,” though totally unlike in character, and like that is destined to become a famous “child classic.” The little girl who was nicknamed "Princess" from her baby hood is a charming creation and will win all hearts by her ingenuousness and grace, $1.50. D. LOTHROP COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, Boston, 1888.) THẾ DĨAL 139 TICKNOR & CO'S EAGLE PENCILS. SEPTEMBER BOOKS. ALL STYLES, ALL GRADES. EAGLE, No. 212, ROUND AND HEXAGON GOLD PENCILS The Best Pencil for Free-Hand Drawing, School, Mer- Our FINE ARTS, COLORED CRAYONS, The STOP-GAUGE, THE “MATCHLESS ” PENS, KATESANBORN'S RAINBOW CALENDAR Compiled by KATE SANBORN. For 1839. 12mo. Illuini. nated Covers, 50 cts. Also in cloth, uniform with “A Year of Sunshine," $1.00. “ The Rainbow Calendar" forms a handsome book, with pages fastened at the outer edge, and to be opened one each day. There is one page for each day, rich in quota. tions "for blue days, for rainy days, and for every day," (PATENTED.) and also with a space below for memoranda. And at the end of the year, after the calendar has served its purpose, you have left a pretty and perfect book, for library use, cantile and General Uses. with nearly nine hundred quotations. WESTERN CHINA. A Journey to the Great Buddhist Centre of Mount Omei. By the Rev. VIRGIL C. HART, B. D., Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1 vol. 12mo. With 12 full page Illys. | The most perfect Pencil made. Graded 6B to 6H, trations and a folding map. $2.00. 15 degrees, for Artists, Engineers and The journey was made at the season when the river Draughtsmen. begins to rise by melting snows in Thibet. The country was at its best. The travellers gazed for days upon the wonderful gorges, as they were pulled or poled along by a crew of twenty-five men. These gorges rival for beauty and sublimity any found upon the globe. There are scores of rapids large and small; their ascent are occa. OVER FIFTY COLORS. sions of intense excitement. Mr. Hart visited cities perched between mountains, temples, arches, graves, Preferable to Water Colors in many ways. bridges, and pagodas. Izchuan is noted even in China for its works of art. Its natural resources are illimitable, its beauties unrivalled. The journey led through the land of poppy and maize, and through almost endless fields of tobacco and rice, City and country life are described and the inns depicted. The great Brine and Automatic Pencil. Is an entirely new article, and it Fire wells are examined, -the process of boring and lift. is the ne plus ultra of all Pencils. ing the brine described. They visit the famous city of Chéntu, and give a detailed account of its celebrated monuments. Another chapter is given to the silk and white-wax districts. Last but not least is the sacred mountain of Omei, the greatest centre of Buddhism in the world, a territory rich in bronze images, and mount. ains full of treasures of past days. Mountains of rock are chiselled into the form of Buddha. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE SECESSION The superiority of the “Matchless " pens WAR. is attested by the satisfaction which invari- By ROSSITER JOHNSON. 8vo. Gilt top. With maps and ably attends their use. plans. $3.00. The ease and comfort with which they It is a clear and vivid account of the greatest of Ameri- write, together with their durability and re- can wars, set forth with such detail and verisimilitude as to enchain the interest of all readers, and y sistance to corrosives, makes them unques. camp-fire and picket-post and shelter-tent phases of tionably the best steel pen in the market. military life, as well as descriptions of lines of battle. Samples of the six different styles will be Anecdotes of days in camp and on the march, records of the valor and devotion of the rank and file, and glimpses sent, post-paid, on receipt of six cents in of home-life in the war-swept States, are deftly mingled stamps. $1.25 per gross. with battle descriptions, chronicles of the fleets, and studies of military diplomacy. A. C. Three Capital New Juveniles. Uniform with " Davy and the MCCLURG CHICAGO. Goblin," and "The Peterkin Papers." RECOLLECTIONS OF A DRUMMER BOY. & CO. By Rev. HARRY M. KIEFFER. Copiously illustrated. Square 8vo. $1.50. "A new and enlarged edition of this admirable book. which is particularly adapted for youths, and should be FINE GRADES OF placed in the hands of every lad in the country, to im. part a knowledge of the old war days." THE DEAD DOLL. And Other Verses. By MARGARET VANDEGRIFT. Sq. 8vo. Illustrated. $1,50. ALSO “A charming collection of wise and witty verses for CARD AND AUTOGRAPH ALBUMS, children, many of which, like "The Dead Doll," "The Face-Maker," etc., are very popular, and have been copied all over the country.” Scrap Books, Portfolios, Binders, Writing Desks, Chess Boards, Etc. LITTLE HELPERS. By MARGARET VANDEGRIFT. Sq. 8vo. Illustrated. $1.50. Mrs. Austin, the author and critic, pronounces this "A Koch, SONS & Co., New YORK, sweet and lovely story of family life and amusements, and the interests of John and Tiny Leslie, the hero and heroine. It is exactly the book parents would like to IMPORTERS. give either boys or girls as a Christmas present." ***Our goods are sold at the principal bookstores. The Trade | supplied by the leading jobbers. HAMMANN & KNAUER'S Offenbach Photograph Albums, TICKNOR & CO., Boston. 140 [Oot., THE DIAL LEE & SHEPARD'S NEW PUBLICATIONS. A WESTERN BEAUTY. LEE & SHEPARD'S GOOD-COMPANY. DAYS SERENE. Original illustrations by MAR- Neat volumes, good type, cloth binding, 50 cents each. GARET MACDONALD PULLMAN. Engraved on wood by George T. Andrew, and printed under his direction. Fireside Saints. Mr. Cau- Religious Duty. Teach- Royal oblong quarto. Emblematic cover. Twenty-six dle's Breakfast Talk, and ing of duty, offences, full.page, original illustrations. Full gilt. Size, Other Papers, by DOUG- faults, and obligations in 10%x14'.' Cloth, $5.00; Turkey morocco, $12.50; tree. LAS JERROLD. religious life. By FRAN. calf, $12.50; English-seal style, $9.00. CES POWER COBBÉ. SEPIATINT NOVELTIES. The Wishing-Car Papers. A Physician's Problems. By LEIGH HUNT. By CHARLES ELAM. Something new, attractive, and decidedly original. Broken Lights. A CHRISTMAS CAROL, An in. The Lover. By RICHARD By DINAH MARIA quiry into the present MULOCK, author of “John Halifax." Illustrated by STEELE. condition and future J. Pauline Sunter. Printed on heavy board in sepiatint prospects of religious life. and gold, gilt edges, ribboned and boxed, $1.00. Dreamthorpe. By ALEX-|| By FRANCES POWER ANDER SMITH. COBBE. "A FRIEND STANDS AT THE DOOR." Byl nyert | “Nicht läuten darf die Abendglock' DINAH MARIA MULOCK, author of “ John Halifax." Illustrated by J. Pauline Sunter Printed on heavy heut' Nacht." board in sepiatint and gold, gilt edges, ribboned and boxed, $1.00. | “Curfew Must Not Ring To-Night." (In German.) Eine Ballade von RosÅ HART WICH THORPE, aus dem ALL AROUND THE YEAR. A charmingly Amerikanischen, übersetzt von Hugo Erichsen, with illustrated calendar for 1889. By J. PAULINE SUNTER. all the original illustrations of the English reading. Consists of beautiful original designs, on heavy board Cloth, full gilt, $1.50. in sepiatint and gold, gilt edges, ornamented with rings and chains in silver, with silk tassel, and boxed, LEE E SHEPARD'S White and Gold Series. 50 cents. Illustrated, and bound in white, black, and gold, with THE REGAL BEAUTIES. Printed on extra new and original dies, each $1.50. super-calendered paper at the University Press. Gilt Adventures of a Chinaman. By JULES VÉRNE. 50 edges. 50 cents each. full.page illustrations. A title justly designating one of the most original and beautiful styles of LEE & SHEPARD'S HOUSEHOLD FAVOR Lives of the Presidents. From Washington to Cleve- ITES yet offered. The size is large 4to, 8%x14 inches. land, with new portraits. The covers are the best quality of heavy bristol-board Fighting Phil. The life of Gen'l Philip H. Sheridan. with pebbled surface, ragged edge, and original water. lesigns by American artists, each cover containing By HEADLEY. With illustrations. two beautiful pictures. The following eight favorites Perseverance Island ; OR, THE ROBINSON CRUSOE OF have been selected for this unique style: THE 19TH CENTURY. By DOUGLAS FRAZAR. With illug. Nearer, My God, to Thee; Home, Sweet Home; Dora, by Tenny. trations. son; Rock Of Ages: Abide with Me: Curfew Must Not Our Standard-Bearer. Oliver Optic's Life of Gen. Ring To-Night; O Why Should the Spirit of Mor- U.S. Grant. With illustrations. tal be Proud! My Faith Looks up to Thee, A Modern Adam and Eve in a Garden. By Miss THE DAINTY MINIATURES include twelve of DOUGLAS. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Uniform with LEE & SHEPARD'S FAVORITES in particularly attractive The Douglas Novels. 12mo, cloth, 18 volumes, dress. Covers of heavy bristol-board with pebbled surface, ragged edges, and decorative illustrationg in $1.50 each. manifold water-colors and gold. Manners ; OR, HAPPY HOMES AND GOOD SOCIETY ALL These little volumes are "as dainty as the leaf of a THE YEAR ROUND, By SARAH J. HALE. Cloth. $1.75. lily," of exquisite design, each cover displaying a work of art. The favorites selected for this style are: T'he Reading Club, AND HANDY SPEAKER No, 19. Edited by G. M. BAKER. Paper, 15 cents. Curfew Must Not Ring To-Night; Rock of Ages ; Gray's Elegy ; O Why Should the Spirit of Mortal be Proud? Home, Sweet Home; Nearer, My God, to Thee; My Faith Looks Up NEW JUVENILES. to Thee; The Glorious Song of old; It was the OLIVER OPTIC'S NEW "BLUE AND GRAY" SERIES. Calm and Silent Night; The Breaking Waves Dashed High; Ring Out, First volume, Taken by the Enemy. Cloth, illus- Wild Bells; Abide With Me. trated, $1.50. Price, enveloped, gilt edges, 25 cents each. Illustrated A Start in Life. By J. T. TROWBRIDGE. New on every page. Volume. Illustrated. Price, $1.00. The “PEERLESS-JEROME" ART-BOOKS. PENN SHIRLEY'S NEW STORY, Little Miss Weezy's Brother. By the author of “Lit- NEW EDITIONS. the Miss Weezy." Cloth, illustrated, 75 cents. All original illustrations engraved on wood. Miss The Story Mother Nature Told Her Children. By Jerome will publish no new book this season, she being entirely occupied in the preparation of a work for next JANE ANDREWS, author of “Seven Little Sisters," eto. year which is confidently expected will surpass all her Cloth, illustrated, $1.00; school edition, 50 cents, net. former works. The Year's Best Days. Stories and Poems for A Bunch of Violets. Gathered by IRENE E. JEROME, Young People. By ROSA HARTWICK THORPE, author of 4to, cloth, $3.75; Turkey morocco, $9.00; tree-calf, $9.00; "Curfew Must Not Ring To-Night," etc. cloth, illus- trated, about $1.00. English-seal style, $7.00. Up the North Branch. By CAPTAIN CHARLES A. J. One Year's Sketch Book. In same bindings and at FARRAR. Illustrated, $1.25. same price as "Nature's Hallelujah," CHRISTOPHER P. CRANCH'S STORIES. A NEW EDITION. Nature's Hallelujah. Elegantly bound in gold cloth, The Last of the Huggermuggers. Illustrated, $1.00. full gilt, gilt edges, $6.00; Turkey morocco, $15.00; tree. calf, $15.00; English-seal style, $10.00. Kobboltozo. A sequel to “The Last of the Hugger- muggers." Profusely illustrated, $1.00. The Message of the Bluebird. Told to Me to Tell to Others. Cloth and gold, $2.00; Palatine boards, ribbon | The King of the Golden River. By JOHN RUSKIN. ornaments, $1,00. Cloth, gilt, $1.00. FULL CATALOGUES FREE ON APPLICATION TO LEE & SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS, 10 Milk Street, Boston. 1888.] 141 THE DIAL Roberts Bros? New Books. A. C. MCCLURG & Co.'s STATIONERY DEPARTMENT. READY OCTOBER 1st. FRANKLIN IN FRANCE. SECOND PERIOD. From the surrender at Yorktown until his return to America. From original documents. By EDWARD EVERETT HALE and EDWARD E. HALE, JR. With a fine portrait of Franklin in his old age, by Duplessis, never before engraved, and numerous illus. trations. 1 vol. 8vo. Clot gilt top, uniform with the first volume. Price, $3.00. This volume completes the work. Also just ready, a second edition of Franklin in France, First Period, Which the Cambridge Tribune calls “a valuable and note. worthy addition to the literature of history." THE BOOK OF CHRISTMAS. THE STATIONERY DEPART- MENT is prepared to furnish the correct forms of Invitations, Reception Cards, Announcements, etc., for Autumn Weddings. With a corps of skilled engrav- ers and a completely appointed workshop on the premises, under the direction of a competent manager, work of the highest standard of excellence is secured to our customers. Descriptive of the Customs, Ceremonies, Traditions, Superstitions, Fun, Feeling, and Festivities of the Christmas Season. By THOMAS K. HERVEY. With all the original illustrations by R. Seymour. 12mo. Cloth. Price, $2.00. This is a new edition of a clever book by the poet Her. vey, long out of print, probably the best account ever written of the now universally celebrated Christmas Season, SPARROW, The Tramp. A Fable for Children. By LILY F. WESSELHEFT. With illustrations by Jessie McDermott. Square 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.25. "One of the most thoroughly delightful child stories we have had for many a day is "Sparrow, the Tramp," by Lily F. Wesselhæft. It is one of those charming books in which animals talk, and it adds the novel scheme of having them influence the affairs of their human neighbors in a way which will delight the little folks. It is refreshing to find a child's book which is at once so novel and so beautiful as is “Sparrow, the Tramp," says the Boston Courier. The lamented author of "Little Women” read the manuscript of this little story with great delight. PRINCE VANCE. The Story of a Prince, with a Court in bis Box. By ELEANOR PUTNAM and ARLO BATES. With numerous illustrations by Frank Myrick. Small 4to. Oloth. $1.50. One of the most charming stories of the season for the young folks. PECIAL DESIGNS prepared for Menus, Dinner and Luncheon Cards, etc., for either public or private occasions. As conformity to a prescribed style is not required, full scope is given to the artist to intro- duce novel effects and combina- tions, and to produce souvenirs of artistic merit. The originality and appropri- ateness that always mark our productions is attested by the commendations which they re- ceive and the satisfaction which attends their use. RAYMOND KERSHAW. A Story of Deserved Success. By MARIA MCINTOSH Cox. With illustrations by F. T. Merrill. 16mo. Cloth. $1.25. “Raymond Kershaw" is a story of brave living, noble action, hard work, and devoted family affection. It begins in sadness and ends in joy, and it is thoroughly sweet, pure, and helpful. LEAR'S NONSENSE BOOKS. Comprising "A Book of Nonsense,” “Nonsense Songs, Stories, Botany, and Alphabets," “More Nonsense Pictures, Rhymes, Botany, etc.," " Laughable Lyrics- A Fresh Book of Nonsense Poems, Songs, Botany,"etc. By EDWARD LEAR. With all the original illustra. tions, a sketch of the author's life, and a portrait. Complete in one volume. 12mo, Cloth. Price, $2.00. The late Mr. Lear wrote four "Nonsense Books." Two of them are new to American readers, and the four are i here reproduced in a compact library form at a moder. ate price. THE PENTAMERON. Citations and Examinations of William Shakspeare. Minor Prose Pieces. Criticisms. By WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. 12mo. Cloth. Price, $2.00. This volume, “Imaginary Conversations" (five vols.), and “Pericles and Aspasia” (one vol.) comprise Landor's entire prose writings. VERY DESIRABLE STYLE OF PAPER for polite corre- spondence, in every size and finish, is represented in our large and varied assortment. New styles are constantly being add- ed. For the convenience of cus- tomers a neat book has been prepared containing samples of the choicest papers and speci- mens of engraving, die sinking, and illuminating, which will be sent on application. BEAUCHAMP'S CAREER. The Egoist. Two more novels in the AUTHOR'S POPULAR EDITION OF GEORGE MEREDITH'S WORKS. Already published: Richard Feverel," " Sandra Belloni," "Harry Rich. mond," "Rhoda Fleming,” “Vittoria," and " Evan Harrington," 12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.50 each. Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. | Wabash Ave. and Madison St., Chicago. 142 THE DIAL [Oct., = = -- NOW READY IN BOOK FORM: THE GUN-MAKER OF MOSCOW. By SYLVANUS COBB, Jr., author of “Orion the Gold Beater,” “Karmel the Scout,” etc., etc. 1 vol., 12mo, large, clear type, extra cloth, $1.00 ; paper, 20 cents. This volume in paper binding is issued as No. 15 of · Cassell's Sunshine Series.” CASSELL'S MINIATURE Now Ready. Edition limited to 100,000 copies. CYCLOPÆDIA. A TRAGIC MYSTERY. Compiled by W. L. CLOWES. With an intro- From the Diary of Inspector Byrnes, Chief of duction to the American Edition by C. De Detectives, New York. By JULIAN Haw- Kay. 1 vol., 16mo, over 764 pages, $1.00. THORNE. The price of this limited edition This little book aspires to be a handy and accu will be 25 cents. rate answerer of no inconsiderable number of the thousand and one questions which arise in the course of every-day life and which have ordinarily A TIMELY VOLUME. to be solved by reference to one or more bulky, ex- pensive, and, perhaps, hardly obtainable volumes. PRINCIPLES of the ECONOMIC ENGLISH WRITERS. PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIETY, GOV- AN ATTEMPT TOWARDS A HISTORY ERNMENT AND INDUSTRY. OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By HENRY MORLEY, LL.D., Professor of English Liter- | By Van BUREN DENSLOW, LL.D. One vol- ature at University College, London. ume, over 800 pages, with Diagram, Index, NOW READY: etc. Extra cloth, $3.50 ; half calf, or half morocco, $7.00. Vol. III.-FROM THE CONQUEST TO CHAUCER. Vol. II.- FROM CAEDMAN TO THE CONQUEST. This treatise, by Prof. Van Buren Denslow, Vol. 1.–FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO BEOWULF. brings into compact form the distinctive and salient Extra cloth, gilt top, per vol., $1.50. Other points of about every economist, publicist, or states- volumes to follow. man who has done or written anything, either of note or of value in an economic sense. MARINE PAINTING. With 16 colored plates. By WALTER W. CASSELL'S COMPLETE May, R.I. 1 vol., oblong, extra cloth, $2.50. POCKET GUIDE TO EUROPE. New and Revised Edition. Brought down to date, and 25 illustrations added. Edition for 1888. Planned by E. C. STED- YACHTS AND YACHTING. MAN, compiled by EDWARD King, revised by M. F. SWEETSER, and edited and brought With over 135 illustrations. By FRED. S. down to date by Mr. STEDMAN, with the Cozzens, and others. Extra cloth, $2.00. aid of skilled experts in Europe. 1 vol., Edition de Luxe, limited, cloth extra, $6.00.1 16mo, leather binding, $1.50. FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, 104 AND 106 FOURTH AVENUE, New York. 1888.] 143 THE DIAL - - -- - - WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY THE STANDARD AND THE BEST. “An INVALUABLE COMPANION IN EVERY School, AND AT EVERY FIRESIDE.” The latest edition has 118,000 Words in its vocabulary,—about 3,000 more than any other American Dictionary. It contains 3,000 Illustrations in the body of the work (nearly three times the number found in any other American Dictionary), and these are repeated and classified at the end of the work. WEBSTER IS STANDARD AUTHORITY. In the GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, and with the UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT. It is recommended by the STATE SUP'TS OF SCHOOLS in 36 STATES, and by the leading COLLEGE PRESIDENTS of the U. S. and Canada. It is the only Dictionary that has been selected in making STATE PURCHASES. SPECIMEN TESTIMONIALS. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE, of the U. S. Supreme Court, says: Webster's Unabridged Dictionary is recognized as Standard Authority in the Court over which I preside. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, Washington, Oct. 1886.-Webster will continue to be the Standard in the use of the English Language in this office.-T. E. BENEDICT, Public Printer. Hon. GEORGE BANCROFT, the Historian, says: Webster is superior to all others as a household Dictionary. THE LONDON TIMES says: It is the best and most useful Dictionary of the English Language ever published. THE TORONTO WEEK says: It may be regarded as the one final authority, safely to be relied on where others are emphatically differing among themselves. THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE says: It is recognized as the most useful existing “word-book” of the English Lan- guage all over the world. Nearly all the School Books published in this country are avowedly based on Webster. Four leading firms state that they publish annually 17,000,000 copies, and to this number may be added the publications of nearly all the other School Book Publishers. It is well within bounds to say that 25,000,000 School Books, based on Webster, are published annually. The children of the country are thus educated by Webster. PUBLISHED BY G. & C. MERRIAM & CO., SPRINGFIELD, Mass. FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. INSURE IN THE TRAVELERS JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS. GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878. OF HARTFORD, CONN. Principal Accident Company of America. Largest in the World. Has paid its Policy- His Celebrated Numbers Holders over $15,000,000. 303—404–170—6044332 ITS ACCIDENT POLICIES and his other styles, may be had of all dealers Indemnify the Business or Professional Man or Farmer throughout the world. for his Profits, the Wage. Worker for his Wages, lost from Accidental Injury, and guarantee Principal Sum in case JOSEPH GILLOTT & Sons, NEW YORK. of death. No Extra Charge for European Travel and Residence. FULL PRINCIPAL SUM paid for loss of Hands, Feet, Hand and Foot, or Sight, by Accident; ONE THIRD same for loss of single Hand or Foot. RATES AS LOW AS WILL PERMANENTLY Secure FULL PAYMENT of Policies. Only $5.00 a year to Professional or Business men for each $1,000 with $5.00 weekly indemnity. Issues also the BEST LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLICIES in the Market, INDEFEASIBLE, NON-FORFEITABLE, WORLD-WIDE. LEADING STYLES : Full Payment is Secured by Fine Point, - - Nos. 333 444 232 $9,584,000 Assets, $1,909,000 Surplus. | Business, . . . Nos. 048 14 130 Not left to the chances of an Empty Treasury and | BROAD Point, - . Nos. 161 239 284 Assessments on the Survivors. FOR SALE BY ALL STATIONERS. AGENCIES AT ALL IMPORTANT POINTS IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA. JAMES G. BATTERSON, RODNEY DENNIS, JOHN E. MORRIS, President. Secretary. Asst. Secretary. | Works: Camden, N. ). 26 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK ESTERBROOK'S STEEL PENS. The Esterbrook Steel Pen Co., 144 THE DIAL (Oct., 1888. READY OCTOBER 1: RANCH LIFE, AND THE HUNTING TRAIL. By THEODORE ROOSEVELT, author of “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman,” President of the Boone and Crockett Club of New York, Honorary Member of the London Alpine Club, etc. Illustrated by Frederic Remington. THE CENTURY Co. has already issued what Mr. Labouchere of the London Truth calls “the most superbly got up book of sport I have ever come across." The same publishers now put forth a volume devoted exclusively to ranch life and the game of the far West. The book consists in part of the articles on this subject recently contributed by Theodore Roosevelt to The Century Magazine, with Mr. Remington's striking illustrations. To these articles Mr. Roosevelt has added several others, not elsewhere pub- lished, relating especially to hunting, and Mr. Remington has furnished new illustrations, including initials and tail-pieces. Both author and artist are practical ranchmen and sportsmen, and their united labors form a rarely interesting volume, which the Century Co. issue in beautiful form. The book is in size of page 12x94, printed by the DeVinne Press, on heavy plate paper. A superb gift-book. Price, $5.00. THE GRAYSONS: A STORY OF ILLINOIS. By EDWARD EGGLESTON, author of “The Hoosier Schoolmaster," etc. A new novel by the author of so many famous studies of Western life is an event in literature. Dr. Eggleston in this story has chosen for his theme a legendary account of one of President Lincoln's remark- able legal achievements when he was a young lawyer in Illinois, and around this he has woven a charming love story and a powerful study of character. The novel has attracted wide notice dur- ing its appearance as the leading serial novel of the present year in The Century. In attractive cloth binding, $1.50. STANDARD BOOKS FOR YOUNG FOLKS. Bound Volumes of St. Nicholas. The new bound volume of St. Nicholas for Young Folks, now ready in its two beautiful parts of red and gold, seems more packed with good things than any previous year of this delightful magazine. Notwithstanding the great monthly circulation of St. Nicholas, thousands of people wait for the bound volume, and these annuals have become the most popular regular children's books of the year, In two parts, nearly a thousand pages and as many illustrations; price, $4.00. The Boys' Book of Sports. Edited by MAURICE THOMPSON. This is for boys what “Sport with Gun and Rod” is for older readers- a collection of interesting and instructive papers by various experts, on subjects connected with out- of-door life, including departments on “Archery,” “Boats and Boating, ' “ Camps and Campers," “Swimming and Walking,” etc., etc., all richly illustrated. Price, $2.50. Baby World. Edited by MARY MAPES DODGE. A book of stories and pictures and poems for little folks compiled from the treasure-house of St. Nicholas Magazine. A volume of 300 pages. Price, in cloth, $1.25; in illuminated boards, $1.00. St. Nicholas Songs. A collection of charming songs by distinguished composers-Dudley Buck, Gilchrist, Molloy, S. P. War- ren, Mosenthal, Richard Hoffman, and many others—written for the poems and verses of St. Nicholas Magazine. The book is intended for home use—it is not only for children, but for all whose tastes are still young. Richly illustrated; cloth, $2.00; leather, $3.50. The Brownies: Their Book. By PALMER Cox. Everybody knows The Brownies, and in this volume has been collected all The Brownie poems and pictures which Mr. Palmer Cox has been furnishing to St. Nicholas Magazine, The book was a great holiday success last year, and its continuous sale proves it a standard volume of fun for young and old. Price, $1.50. THE CENTURY CO., 33 East Seventeenth St., New York. JEFFERY PRINTING CO., 78 AND 75 THIRD AVE., CHICAGO. THE DIAL 2 Monthly Journal of Current Literature. CHICAGO, NOVEMBER, 1888. PUBLISHED BY A. C. MCCLURG & CO. (VOL. IX., No. 103.) TERMS—$1.50 PER YEAR. ROBERTS BROTHERS' NEW BOOKS. . A NEW BALZAC NOVEL. COUSIN BETTE. By HONORÉ DE Balzac. Translated by KATHARINE Prescott WORMELEY. 12mo. in half Russia. Price, $1.50. In Preparation : SERAPHITA. LOUIS LAMBERT. Bound GEORGE MEREDITH'S NOVELS. THE ORDEAL OF RICHARD FEVEREL. VITTORIA. EVAN HARRINGTON. BEAUCHAMP'S CAREER. HARRY RICHMOND. RHODA FLEMING. DIANA OF THE CROSSWAYS. THE EGOIST. SANDRA BELLONI. THE SHAVING OF SHAGPAT, and FARINA. Author's Popular Edition. 10 vols., 16mo, cloth, price, $15.00. English Edition. 12mo, cloth, uncut, price, $20.00. GLORINDA. | OUR RECENT ACTORS. A Story. By ANNA BOWMAN Dopi), author | Being Recollections, Critical, and in many of “Cathedral Days.” 16mo. Cloth. Price, cases Personal, of late Distinguished Per- 75 cents. formers of both Sexes. With some inci- CASIMIR MAREMMA. dental Notices of Living Actors. By WEST- A Story. By Sir ARTHUR HELPS, author of LAND MARSTON. 12mo. Cloth. Price, $2.00. “Friends in Council,” “ The Story of Real- FANCY DRESSES DESCRIBED; mah,” etc. First American edition. 16mo. Cloth. Price, 75 cents. Or, What to Wear at Fancy Balls. By ARDERN Holt. With 16' richly-colored CLOVER. full-page plates and numerous smaller ones. A Sequel to the Katy Books. By Susan Coo Fifth edition. 1 vol. Crown 8vo. Cloth. LIDGE. With illustrations by Jessie McDer- Price, $2.50. mott. Square 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.25. WITH SA'DI in the GARDEN; PEN. A Story. By the author of “Miss Toosey's Or, the Book of Love. Being the “Ishk” or Mission” and “Laddie.” One volume. third chapter of the “Bostần” of the Per- 16mo. Cloth. Uniform with “ Tip Cat” sian poet Sa'di, embodied in a dialogue held and “Our Little Ann.” Price, $1.00. in the garden of the Taj Mahal, at Agra. By SIR EDWIN ARNOLD, M.A., K.C.I.E., Elizabeth Barrett Browning. C.S.I. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Uni- By John H. INGRAM. (Famous Women form with “ The Light of Asia," “ Pearls of Series, 19th volume.) 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1. I the Faith,” etc. Price, $1.00. Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. 146 THE DIAL (Nov., A Standard Work on the Literature of Music. INITIAL VOLUME READY IMMEDIATELY. CYCLOPEDIA OF MUSIC AND MUSICIANS. EDITED BY CRITICAL EDITOR, JOHN DENISON CHAMPLIN, JR. WILLIAM F. APTHORP. WITH MORE THAN ONE THOUSAND ILLUSTRATIONS. Three Volumes, Quarto. Decorated Parchment Binding. Uniform rith “ Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings.” ** This EDITION LIMITED TO 500 COPIES FOR AMERICA AND 50 FOR ENGLAND. EACH ONE NUMBERED. PRICE TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS PER VOLUME. THE great success which attended the “Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings," published by CHARLES T SCRIBNER'S Sons in 1886-87, gives the publishers confidence that this similar work on Music and Musicians will occupy as high a place in the literature of its art as the preceding publication does in its field. It has been the aim and desire of editors and publishers in this work that there might be contained in its pages that wealth of facts and information which would justify its acceptance by the public as a key and guide to the whole literature of music. In its simplicity of arrangement, compre- hensiveness, and its bibliographical value the work is unequalled, while to make it in every respect an authority on its subject the direct coöperation of distinguished musicians the world over has been secured.' To the illustration of the work, the utmost care has been given, the result being the production of more illustrations than were ever before collected in any similar work. In addition to these, each volume of this edition will contain twelve full-page portraits of the most famous composers, etched by prominent artists, making in all thirty-six etchings, a representative collection of the great masters of the art never before given in any publication. The full-page illustrations in l’olume I. comprise etched portraits of Auber, Bach, Beethoven, Berlioz, Bellini, Boieldieu, Brahms, Cherubini, Chopin, Donizetti, Franz, and Gluck. EARLY ORDERS, TO INSURE PROCURING COPIES OF THIS WORK, ARE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. A DISTINCT GAIN TO OUR STORE OF GOOD MEMOIRS.— Boston Advertiser. EX-SECRETARY McCULLOCH'S REMINISCENCES. MEN AND MEASURES OF HALF A CENTURY: REMINISCENCES, SKETCHES AND COMMENTS. By Hugh McCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury in the Administrations of Lincoln, Johnson, and Arthur. 1 vol., 8vo, $1.00. Yo book published in this country for many years contains so much of interest to the general reader as does this work from the pen of one whose public career extends back for fifty years. oo This interesting and valuable book is an important contribution both to the financial and the political history of the United States. It is extremely rich in interest, and a work that no one who is interested in the public life of this country can afford to overlook. It is written in English which is everywhere vigorous and terse.”- Boston Advertiser. • The volume must become one of the standard works in the history of our time.” — Chicago Triinune. " It is a work of the very highest value.”—N. Y. Journal of Commerce. " It will be freely drawn upon by many an historian of the future."— Washington Capital. - The book has an economic value as throwing fresh light on past measures, and enabling us better to understand many of the intricate problems which present themselves for solution to-day.”-Philalel. phic Record. "We find what we want on every page--the author's keen recollections of distinguished men and important affairs."— Philadelphia Press. *** For sale by all booksellers, or sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743-745 Broadway, New York. 1888.] 147 THE DIAL - “ The book is a model of the printer's art, and is eminently fitted for the writings of an author of Daudet's delicate and beautiful style.”—THE CRITIC. ROBERT HELMONT: The Diary of a Recluse, 1870-1871. By ALPHONSE DAUDET. Translated by Laura Ensor. With 123 illustrations from designs by Picard and Montégut. 8vo, paper, $5.00; half leather, $6.00. Limited (numbered) edition. "The sureness, lightness, and deftness of Daudet's art, his constant and exquisite sympathy with nature, the sure evidence in every phrase, in every little picture or episode, of the artistic delight of the artist in his work, make his writings the source of a pleasure that must express itself, if at all, in enthusiastic hyperbole. In reviewing ‘Robert Helmont' we find it hard to keep ourselves within bounds, and we sympathize with Mr. James in his desire to say that Daudet is adorable and thus to have done with it."- Boston Advertiser. Uniform with “Robert Helmont." MADAME CHRYSANTHÈME. By PIERRE Loti. Translated by Laura Ensor. With 199 illustrations from designs by Rossi and Myrbach. 8vo, paper, $5.00; half leather, $6.00. Limited (numbered) edition. “Kindly welcome my book with the same indulgent smile, without seeking therein a meaning either good or bad, in the same spirit that you would receive some quaint bit of pottery, some grotesquely carved ivory idol, or some preposterous trifle brought back for you from this singular Fatherland of all preposterousness."— From Loti's Dedication in “Madame Chrysanthème." Uniform with “Robert Helmont” and “Madame Chrysanthème.” FRANCIS, THE WAIF. By GEORGE SAND. Translated by Gustave Masson. With 100 illustrations from designs by Eugène Burnand. 8vo, paper, $5.00; half leather, $6.00. Limited (numbered) edition. "The domestic morality, the quiet nature, the home feeling of Francis the Waif'l, may be described as something wonderful for George Sand. . . . And then follows close upon the blazing track of revolution, a picture of household virtue so sweet and tranquil, so full of tenderness and love, that it is difficult to believe it to be the production of the same hand."-Bentley's Miscellany. Uniform with “ Les Misérables” and “ The Count of Monte-Cristo." THE WANDERING JEW, By EUGENE SIE. With 182 illustrations from designs by A. Ferdinandus. 3 vols., royal 8vo, cloth, $10. "It is printed in the same sumptuous style as the works of Hugo and Dumas which this house has published, and is in every way a fitting complement to these masterpieces of French literature which have been issued by this house in the present and previous years. The illustrations are all by the same artist, Ferdinardus, and, therefore, preserve throughout a unity of conception and design which cannot be achieved when various hands have been engaged on one and the same work.”—The Publishing World. CominTHE MAN WH Uniform with “ The Wandering Jer” and “ Les Misérables. THE MAN WHO LAUGHS. (Sometimes called “ By Order of the King "). By Victor Hugo. With 140 illustrations from designs by D. Vierge and Rochegrosse. 2 vols., royal 8vo, cloth, $6.00. " The large type, the broad page, the substantial and tasteful binding of these volumes give them an appearance of finality. No one certainly could desire to possess the works which have appeared in this edition in any more elegant or substantial form." ---Christian Union. Uniform with “ The Man Who Laughs” and “ The Wandering Jero." NINETY-THREE. By Victor Hugo. With numerous illustrations from designs by Victor Hugo, Bayard, Brion, Vierge, and other eminent French artists. 2 vols., royal 8vo, cloth, $6.00. "Hugo, with his erudition and his passion, his knowledge of all the chords of the human heart, a knowledge which depends as much upon sympathy as upon intellect, is one of the great masters whose places along the centuries will always be few and far between."— New York Journal of Commerce. For sale by all booksellers, or sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, 9 Lafayette Place, New York. 148 THE DIAL (Nov., - - -- MACMILLAN & CO.'S NEW BOOKS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS: READY IN NOVEMBER : A Library Edition of “ Robert Elsmere," prepared for the American Market by Special Permission of the Author. ROBERT ELSMERE. By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD, author of “Miss Bretherton," etc. Library Edition. Two vol- umes. Globe 8vo. $3.00. “ It is many years since a work of fiction has appeared “ Comparable in sheer intellectual power to the best which reflects with anything like the power and art of work of George Eliot. ... Unquestionably one of the most notable works of fiction that has been produced for • Robert Elsmere' the leading effects and characteristics of the time, especially in the higher planes of thought. years."--Scotsman. ... A work of true genius.”-New York Tribune. "A remarkable novel, which has taken its place as un. doubtedly the novel, not of the year but of the decade. « One of the most striking pictures of a sincere relig. Nothing, indeed, approaching it has appeared in its par. ious ideal-a religious ideal peculiar to the present age-- ticular department since the last work of George Eliot." that has ever been presented in our generation under the --Churchman. guise of a modern novel."--London Spectator. “One of the strongest works of fiction that have ap. “Unquestionably one of the most remarkable novels peared in England since George Eliot."--Critic. ever written. ... Mrs. Ward's great achievement "In every respect the noblest and most notable novel appeals to mature minds, and is the literary event of the that has been written in the English language since the day."- Boston Beacon. publication of Daniel Deronda.'”—Philadelphia Press. New Stories by Henry James. New Novel by the author of “ John Inglesant." THE ASPERN PAPERS THE COUNTESS EVE. And Other Stories. By HENRY JAMES, author of “The American,” “Daisy Miller," etc. One vols | By J. One voli | By J. HENRY SHORTHOUSE, author of “ John Ingle- ume, 12mo. sant,” “Sir Percival," etc. 12mo. $1.00. Paper, 50 cents ; cloth, flexible, 60 cents ; cloth, edges uncut, 75 cents cach. TWELVE ENGLISH STATESMEN. THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES ARE READY: PREPARING: WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. E. A. Freeman. EDWARD I. F. York Porell. IIENRY VII. James Gairdner. CARDINAL WOLSEY. M. Creighton. ELIZABETH. Dean of St. Paul's. HENRY II. Mrs. J. R. Green. WALPOLE. John Morley. CHATHAM. John Morlcy. OLIVER CROMWELL. Frederic Harrison. PITT. John Morley. WILLIAM III. H. D. Trail. PEEL. J. R. Thursfield. “ Macmillan's admirable series, • Twelve English Statesmen.'"--San Francisco Chronicle. " This brilliant series, the complete success of which is already assured.”- Boston Post, “ This excellent series. People who have no time or opportunity for the study of English history will find in these volumes almost everything which it is at all important to know."-Standard of the Cross. CHARLES LAMB'S “ ESSAYS OF ELIA.” Printed on hand-made paper at the Chiswick Press. With Biographical Introduction by AUGUSTINE BIRRELL, and six Etchings by HIERBERT Railron. Two volumes. Pott 8vo. $3.50; with gilt tops, $3.75. ** Also, an edition on large-paper, limited to one hundred copies. Two volumes. Pott 8vo, $7.00. A NEW VOLUME OF ESSAYS BY MATTHEW ARNOLD. [SSAYS IN CRITICISM. Second Series. By MATTHEW ARNOLD. With Introductory Note by Lord Coleridge. Shortly. TIE COMPLETE POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. With an 1 Introductory Essay by John Morley, and Portrait. This edition will contain in addition to the Author's Notes a hitherto unpublished Poem of about seven hundred lines. Shortly. DOMAN MOSAICS; or, STUDIES IN ROME AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. By Hugu MACMILLAN, N D.D., LL.D., F.R.S., author of “Bible Teachings in Nature," "The Sabbath of the Fields," etc. Globe 8vo. $1.50. CLARENDON'S HISTORY OF THE REBELLION AND CIVIL WARS IN ENG- L LAND. Re-edited from a fresh collation of the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, with Mar- ginal Dates and Occasional Notes, by W. DUNN MURRAY, M, A., F.S.A. Six volumes, 12mo. $11. UME'S A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE. Reprinted from the original edition IT in three volumes, and Edited by L. A. SELBY-RIGGE, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of University Col. lege. 12mo. $2.25. MACMILLAN & CO., 112 FOURTII AVENUE, NEW YORK. 1888.] 149 THE DIAL E. P. DUTTON & CO.'S NEW CHRISTMAS BOOKS. The Cathedrals of England and Wales. A Midsummer Night's Dream. By CHARLES WHIBLEY, B.A. With a Preface by the Rt. An édition de luxe of Shakespere's play. Illustrated with Rev. HENRY C. POTTER, D.D., LL.D. An édition de luxe, six exquisite full page plates in color and a number with 16 full page plates, reproduced in color from the of charming vignettes in sepia monotints by the il. original water-color drawings, and upwards of 40 vig. lustrator of Undine." Large folio, 60 pages, superbly nettes in monotint. Large folio, 96 pages, richly bound in white silk cloth, with central medallion bound in gilt cloth, $25.00. printed on satin in colors, in box, $15.00. This book not only forms a most interesting history of “The perfection of chromo.lithography would seem English Cathedrals, but it pictures them in a complete to be reached here. . . . . The printing of the text and sumptuous manner never before attempted. leaves notbing to be desired."--Art Amateur.' All Things Bright and Beautiful. Onward. A beautiful gallery of English modern art, with 18 full. page illustrations and poems by Wm. Allingham, A selection of Hymns and Scripture Texts for a month, Austin Dobson, and others. Large 4to, cloth, $6.00; illustrated with many colored plates, vignettes, and Japanese calf, $7.50. monotints. Small 4to, 32 pages, illuminated board covers, 50 cents. As Thy Days So Shall Thy Strength Be. A daily companion for a month, containing favorite · Sweet Nature. hymns and texts. Richly illustrated with exquisite pictures and vignettes in color and monotint, by A book full of charming pictures of Sweet Nature, inter- Fred. Hines. Large 400, 32 pages, illuminated board | linked with dainty poems, in new combinations of covers, $1.50; bevelled, gilt extra, $2.50. monotint with tinted pages. By the editor of "Treas. ures of Art and Song. Oblong 4to, cloth, $2.50; Japanese calf, $3.50. I selection of Poems by CECILIA HAVERGAL, and otliers, Beautifully illustrated in monotint and colors. Ob). ind colors. 01: Grandma's Memories. long 4to, 3ž pages, cloth gilt, $2.50. By MARY D. BRINE, author of “GRANDMA'S ATTIC TREASURES.” A pathetic story in verse. Illustrated Songs of Love and Joy. by Walter Paget, with full page drawings and dainty By HORATIUS BONAR, D.D), Beautifully illustrated vignettes in monotint. 4to, 56 pages, cloth gilt, $2.00; colors. Targe 4to, 32 pages, cloth gilt, $2.50. Japanese calf, $2.50. Everlasting Love. Monotint Books and Booklets. Walking With God Series. The Posy Series. 4 vols. Small 4to, 16 pages, color and monotint illustra. Pictures and Poems. Small 4to, 16 pages, monotint illus. tions. Each, 15 cents. trations. Each, 30 cents. IN WAYS OF PLEASANTNESS. IN GREEN PASTURES. IN PATHS OF PEACE. BUTTERCUPS AND DAISIES. BY STILL WATERS. VIOLETS SWEET. MEADOWS SWEET. WINTER ROSES. Heavenly Wisdom Series. The Bells. 6 vols. Oblong 32mo, 32 pagey, monotint illustrations. Each, 15 cents, EDGAR ALLAN POE's weird poem, with new and beauti. IIEAVENLY W1: DOM. EVENING BELLS. ful illustrations by Percy Tarrant. Printed in rich BRIGHT RAYS. FAITH AND HOPE. brown monotint. 4to, 20 pages, monotint (over, SAYINGS OF JESUS. PEACE IN JESUS. 75 cents. Poetic Gem Series. O Little Town of Bethlehem. Small 4to, 12 pages, monotint illustrations. Each, 15 cents. By the Rev. Phillips BROOKS, D.D. Quarto, beantifully LEAD, KINDLY LIGIIT. VILLAGE BLACKSMITH. illustrated, 75 cents. GRAY'S ELEGY. I REMEMBER, I REMEMBER. Calm on the Listening Ear of Night. In the Poet's Garden Series. The Christmas Hymn by Rev. E. H. SEARS, D.D. Illus. 4 vols. 4to, each 20 pages, monotint illustrations, 50 cents. trated with numerous drawings by Walter Paget and FAIR FLOWERS. GOLDEN LEAVES. A. W. Parsons. Printed in new choice combinations BRIGHT BLOSSOMS. WINTER JEWELS. of monotint, 4to, 20 pages, monotint cover, $1.10. Besides the above, we have many other attractive new gift-books, illustrated both in monotint and colors, at prices from 10 cents to $2.50. Please examine them at your bookstore. Fine Art Color Books for Children. When All Is Young. Old Father Santa Claus, His Picture Book. With many beautiful color pictures by Harriet M. Ben. With many full page color pictures, novel monotint vig. nett and verses by Robert E. Mack. 4to, 52 pages, nettes, and simple verses. 4to, 40 pages, colored monotint cover, $2.00. cover, $1.50. A Snow Baby. There Was Once ! Children's Plays and Pastimes. Verges by Olifton Bing. The old-fashioned nursery stories of " Little Red Riding ham and colored drawings by M. E. E., Lizzie Mack, Hood," "Cinderella,"*" Puss in Boots,” etc. Retold John Lawson, and others. Small 4to, 22 pages, colored by Mrs. Oscar Wilde. With full-page colored pic. cover, 50 cents. tures by John Lawson. Vignettes in monotint. 4to, 32 pages, colored cover, $1.00. Familiar Sketches from Mother Goose. Dutton's Annual for 1889. With 36 new full page color pictures by CHESTER LOOMIS. Edited by Robert E. Mack. The pages literally laden 4to, 48 pages, cloth back, $2.00. with good things for children in the way of pictures, “ One of the prettiest and most entertaining of holi. stories and verses, interleaved with 6 full page col. day books for children that we remember having seen." ored illustrations. Large 4to, 128 pages, double lith- -årt Amateur. ographed cover, $1.25. Besides the above, we have the popular series of former years' color books, " All Around the Clock," · Queen of the Meadow," " Christmas Tree Fairy," "The Children's Gallery," etc., etc. Full list sent on application. E. P. DUTTON & CO., Publishers, 31 West 23d St., New York, 150 THE DIAL [Nov., LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY'S NEW PUBLICATIONS. VICTOR HUGO'S ROMANCES. COMPLETE LIBRARY EDITION. Comprising the following works, translated into English, complete and unabridged, with many important passages hitherto omitted. Uniformly and beautifully printed in large clear type at the University Press, Cambridge, and illustrated with twenty plates. I. NOTRE-DAME. With two additional chapters and the note to the last edition, specially trans- lated. Illustrated with four beautiful plates from “The Book of Gold.” 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $3.00. II. THE MAN WHO LAUGHS. With portrait of Hugo and frontispiece. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $3.00. III. TOILERS OF THE SEA. With two plates. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $3.00. IV. NINETY-THREE. Translated by Mrs. Aline Delano. With two plates. 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, $1.50. ** The above can be supplied uniform with “Les Misérables” to those who have already bought our new Library edition of that work. 7 vols., 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $10.50. In ordering, be particular to state color, and if in dark blue cloth, designate whether cut or uncut edges. V. LES MISÉRABLES. Wraxall's excellent English translation, the standard, with all omissions supplied, including special translations of several important chapters. With ten plates. 5 vols., 12mo, cloth, $7.50. The complete set of Hugo's Romances. 12 vols., 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $18.00; half calf or half morocco, gilt top, $36.00. Large, handsome type, clear, white paper, and choicely decorated covers combine to make these the most beautiful and desirable library editions of these great works. THE D’ARTAGNAN ROMANCES. BY ALEXANDRE DUMAS. New Library Editions of these fascinating works, translated into English, unabridged, and for the first time beautifully printed in handsome clear type, in a style worthy of their merits, and beautifully bound in cloth, extra, gilt top. I. THE THREE MUSKETEERS. With an etched portrait of the Author. 2 vols., 12mo., cloth, $3.00. II. TWENTY YEARS AFTER. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $3.00. III. THE VICOMTE DE BRAGELONNE; or, TEN YEARS LATER. A Sequel to “The Three Musketeers” and “Twenty Years After.” 6 vols., 12mo, cloth, $9.00. The complete set. 10 vols., 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $15.00; half calf, extra, gilt top, $30.00; half morocco, extra, gilt top, $30.00. Two hundred and fifty (numbered) on superfine paper, 10 vols., 8vo, boards, uncut edges, $30.00. Subscriptions received only for the complete set. Of Dumas's famous creation, D'Artagnan, Robert Louis Stevenson, the popular writer, says: “I do not say there is no character as well drawn in Shakespeare; I do say there is none that I love so wholly." His “favorite book” is “The Vicomte de Bragelonne." WHITE’S SHAKESPEARE. Popular Edition. A new and cheap edition, printed from the same plates as the previous edition, with all the Notes of Richard Grant White, the eminent Shakespeare scholar. 6 vols., 12mo, cloth, $7.50. This edition combines good large type with the advantages of the best text and most valuable notes, at an extremely low price. It includes the Plays and Poems, White's Life of Shakespeare, an Essay on the Rise and Progress of the English Drama, and considerable valuable matter not found in other editions. GROTE’S GREECE. New Edition. A HISTORY OF GREECE FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE CLOSE OF THE GEN- ERATION CONTEMPORARY WITH ALEXANDER THE GREAT. By GEORGE GROTE, With portrait and plans. 10 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, $17.50; half calf, extra, $37.50. An entirely new English Edition. LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., PUBLISHERS, 254 WASIIINGTON STREET, BOSTON. 1888.] THE DIAL - - -- - - -- 151 “OXFORD" PRAYERS AND HYMNALS. EIGHT EDITIONS, at Prices from 53 Cents to $15.00. A complete assortment in many styles of binding. Novel designs in French and Persian Morocco. Elegant sets in Calf and Sealskin. Ilandsome sets in Morocco. May be had in Slip Cases-Patent Cases, Combination Covers with or without handles. An unrivalled line of the celebrated “Oxford" India Paper books (which for clearness of type, strength of paper and binding have never been equalled) are now shown in four sizes. The India Paper used for the “Oxford” Thin Editions of Bibles and Prayer Books is a specialty of the “Oxford ” University Press, and is used exclusively for “Oxford ” Books. Its characteristics are extreme opacity, great toughness and softness, and an agreeable tone. The strength and flexibility of the fibre are so great that the paper may be used for years without becoming injured by wear; and the material is so opaque that it can be made to a degree of thinness only limited by the possibilities of printing. This paper is beautifully soft to the touch, strong enough to bear a great strain, and of such opacity that the impression on one side does not show through when the other side is being read. The “Oxford" India Paper has been manufactured in order to meet the popular demand for thin books, and is admitted to be without a rival. “OXFORD” TEACHER'S BIBLES. Six on best Rag-Made Printing Paper. ELEVEN EDITIONS: Five on “Oxford” India Paper. Acknowledged by all the Leading Papers and Clergymen to be the BEST TEACHER'S BIBLE MADE. THE HELPS TO THE STUDY OF THE BIBLE, COMPRISING ALL THE ADDITIONAL MATTER TIIAT IS CONTAINED IN THE “OXFORD” BIBLE FOR TEACHERS, Have been carefully revised and enlarged, from time to time, by Dr. Stubbs, Bishop of Chester; Dr. EDWIN PALMER, Archdeacon of Oxford; Dr. Angus, and other eminent scholars. The scientific infor- mation was prepared under the supervision of Professors Rolleston, Westwood, Lawson, and Earle-names of the highest authority in their several departments. Over one hundred styles, at prices from $1.25 to $17.50. Several new styles have been added to this already complete line. Be sure to get the “OXFORD” eilitions. For Sale by all Booksellers. THOS, NELSON & SONS, Oxford Bible Warehouse, 33 East Seventeenth Street, Union Square, NEIL YORK. 152 [Nov., 1888. THE DIAL -- - author in his two preceding volumes, "The Rear Guard D. APPLETON & CO. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.'S HAVE JUST PUBLISHED NEW BOOKS. The Advance-Guard of Western Civ- The Poetic and Prose Works of John ilization. Greenleaf W bittier. By JAMES R. GILMORE (** Edmund Kirke"), author NEW RIVERSIDE EDITION, from entirely new of " The Rear-Guard of the Revolution," “ John plates. With Notes by Mr. Whittier. The Sevier as a Commonwealth-Builder," etc. With Poetic Works in four volumes, crown 8vo ; Map, and Portrait of James Robertson. 12mo. the Prose Works in three volumes, uniform Cloth, $1.50. in all respects with the Riverside Edition This work is a narrative of an episode which is perhaps of Longfellow's Works. With two etched the most unique and remarkable in American history - Portraits and three Steel Engraved Por- that of the settlement of Middle Tennessee. It is in a traits of Mr. Whittier. Volumes I. and II. measure a continuation of the thrilling story told by the of Poetic Works now ready. Crown Svo, of the Revolution" and "John Sevier as a Commonwealth. cloth, gilt top, $1.50 each. Builder.” The three volumes together cover, says the author in his preface. “a neglected period of American history, and they disclose facts well worthy the attention The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. of historians-namely, that these Western men turned New Comparative Edition, containing the the tide of the American Revolution, and subsequently First Edition and the Fourth of the remark- saved the newly formed Union from disruption, and thereby made possible our present great republic." able translation by EDWARD FITZGERALD. 1 vol., 16mo, $1.50. A History of Charles the Great The reprinting of the First Edition of Mr. Fitz- (CHARLEMAGNE). By J. I. MOMBERT, D.D., gerald's translation of the Rubaiyát in connection with the Fourth (and final) Edition lends especial author of “ Hand-Book of the English Versions,” value and interest to this volume. It enables the "Great Lives,” etc. 8vo, cloth. Price, $5.00. reader to see the changes in translation, often very This work, which consists la ly of matter now pre. marked, and also reveals the wonderful fertility and sented for the first time in English, rests almost wholly sympathetic genius of Mr. Fitzgerald. on the contemporary authority of Annals and Chronicles, Biographies, Letters, Laws, Poems, Inscriptions, etc. Realistic Idealism in Philosophy Itself. Westminster and Other Sermons. By NATHANIEL HOLMES, Author of “The Authorship of Shakespeare.” 2 vols., crown By RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCII, D.D., Archbishop. 8vo, $5.00. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Judge Holmes is well known for the ability and This posthumous volume by Archbishop Trench con. tains sermons prenched in Westminster Abbey and ser: acumen of the work in which he has discussed the mons preached in Ireland. authorship of Shakespeare. He brings to the pres- ent work great maturity of thought, and the results of long study upon questions of a philosophical character. By Austin Flint, M.D., LL.D. A new edition (the fourth) entirely rewritten. With 316 Figures Dante's Divine Comedy. and two Plates. 8vo, cloth, price, $6.00; sheep, Translated into English Verse, with Notes and $7.00. Illustrations, by Join AUGUSTINE WILSTACII, Translator of the Complete Works of Vir- The Secret of Fontaine-la-Croix. gil. 2 vols., crown 8vo, gilt top, $5.00. A Novel. By MARGARET FIELD. “Appletons' Mr. Wilstach is known to the literary and clas- Town and Country Library.” 12mo, paper cover. sical world by his translation of Virgil. He has now prepared, upon the same plan, a translation of the Price, 50 cents. Dirina Commeilia, to the study of which he has The heroine of this story is an Englishwoman, but the given years of careful and critical labor, and his events occur principally in France. In the main the work cannot fail to challenge the attention of all story is domestic in character, affording some charming pictures of life in a French château, but scenes in the who are interested in Dante's great work. Franco-German War are also depicted, and the action leads up to a striking and most dramatic situation. After Noontide. Aristocracy. Selected by MARGARET E. WHITE. 16mo, gilt top, $1.00. A Novel. “Appletons' Town and Country Library." | This little book contains passages chosen with 12mo. Paper, 50 cents. excellent judgment to add sunshine to the after- "It is seldom that one comes across a bit of satire so noon of life. pointed, brilliant, and effective as an anonymous shot called · Aristocracy.'”– The Critic. *** For sale by all booksellers. Sent by mail, posl-paid, on reecipt of price by the publishers, I, 3 AND 5 BOND STREET, NEW YORK, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston. A Text-Book of Human Physiology. THE DIAL VOL. IX. NOVEMBER, 1888. No. 103. tended his book to serve as an argument ----- - -- against Home Rule; we do not remember that CONTENTS. he makes any reference to the present issues, and certainly his tone is throughout calm and judicial. Moreover, we are far from taking THE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS OF IRELAND. the experiences here detailed as conclusive; W. F. Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 that an experiment has failed one or more THE MAKING OF A STATE. William Henry Smith 154 times is no argument that it will always fail. RECENT ECONOMIC DISCUSSION. A. B. Woodford 155 But we can see, by the practical difficulties THE FOLK.LORE OF THE NORTH. Aubertine Wood. which presented themselves when it was put ward Moore ················ 157 in operation before, that the subject offers a problem to English statesmen which cannot RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne .... 160 be solved off-hand by any general principles. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ...162 That Home Rule is in itself just, and espe- Lodge's edition of The Federalist.-Cook's trans. cially that it is the only means that will bring lation of Judith.-Turner's The Germanic Con. peace and contentment to the people of Ire- stitution.-Pellew's In Castle and Cabin.-Mrs. land,—these things we may consider as proved; Blake's and Mrs. Sullivan's Mexico.--Gallaudet's but in what shape it can be adopted, so as to Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallandet.- Landor's The Pantameron, etc. - Agnes Stevens's How avoid the rocks upon which it was shipwrecked Men Propose; the Fateful Question and its Answer. before, is a serious question. - Mrs. Bolton's Famous American Statesmen.-- The most interesting and valuable parts of Sanders's Life of Palmerston.- Kebbel's Life Mr. Ball's book, it will readily be seen, are of Beaconsfield. — D'Ooge's Colloquia Latina.- Rupert's The History and the Constitution of those chapters which treat of the short-lived the United States. - Wallace's Amateur Photog- Independence of Ireland—1782 to 1800. Here rapher. -Warren's Hymns and Tunes. was Home Rule in actual operation. The in- TOPICS IN NOVEMBER PERIODICALS .... 166 justice of Poyning's Act, which required all Irish legislation to emanate from the king and BOOKS OF THE MONTH ........... 166 his council, intensified further by the Act of ---- the Sixth of George I., which deliberately THE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS OF IRELAND.* made Ireland subject to Great Britain, had culminated at last in a dissatisfaction which The “Irish question,” perhaps more than the liberal government at the close of the any other of the burning questions of the day, American War felt itself bound to respect. has its roots in historical causes, very subtle The order of things now established was to all and obscure in character; and its solution is intents and purposes a Personal Union, by therefore assisted in a peculiar degree by his- which the King of Great Britain was inde- torical study. The present difficulties cannot pendently also King of Ireland. But, as Pitt really be understood without an examination sagaciously pointed out, when he assumed into their sources. No doubt this is peculiarly office in 1783, the new order of things could true of the land question, to which the atten- not be regarded as “a final adjustment of the tion of historical students has been chiefly relations between the two kingdoms. It de- directed; but it is also true of the legislative stroyed, he said, all that before existed, with- systems, which Mr. Ball has taken for his sub- out substituting anything in its place” (p. 126). ject. And one point which especially strikes It was a preliminary measure; and the measure the reader of his book is this: that historical which should supplement it, and produce a study in this field does not merely account for “final adjustment,” was never found practi- the existence of evils, but also throws light cable. After sixteen years of blundering and upon their remedies, even if this light is chiefly bickering, the Personal Union was abandoned, that of negation. The history of legislation and an Organic Union took its place. illustrates, quite as strongly as does agrarian That the Union of 1801 has proved any history, the injustice and crushing oppres- more of a success than the previous systems sion under which Ireland has groaned; but it of Dependence and Independence, will prob- also illustrates even more clearly the baffling ably not be claimed. It remains for the nature of the evils and the obstacles in the way statesmanship of England, at the present cri- of a remedy. sis, to devise some scheme by which the inde- We do not know whether the author in- pendence of Ireland in local concerns may be * HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEMS made consistent with her membership in the OPERATIVE IN IRELAND, from the invasion of Henry the British Empire-a thing which has never yet Second to the Union (1172-1800). By the Right Hon. J. T. Ball, LL.D., D.C.L. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. | been done. 154 [Nov., THE DIAL We cannot too highly recommend Mr. Ball's towns and cities, and established a civilization book to all who wish to understand the Irish of law and order, but also discovered the dan- question. The early chapters might with ad gers of false and delusive financial systems. vantage be made somewhat fuller; but the In treating political topics, Mr. Phelan is closing chapter, “Retrospect,” contains a especially at home. He gives a well written masterly summary of the whole history. An and truthful account of the rise of the Whig Appendix of thirty-two pages contains valua party, and of the partisan warfare which ble illustration and testimony. There is also raged with such remarkable fury for many an index. The author, we must not fail to years between the leaders of that party and note, was Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the followers of Andrew Jackson. The obsti- the administration of Mr. Disraeli. nacy and arrogance of this great Democratic W. F. ALLEN. leader is manifested throughout, as is his utter disregard of the proprieties and the dignity of the position of President. The history of the THE MAKING OF A STATE.* rise of the Whig party in Tennessee is so curious and instructive that some glimpses of Of the States formed under the Constitu the manner in which it is treated by our his- tion, Tennessee affords to a graphic writer torian may be acceptable. In 1834, the Whig more striking points for dramatic effects than party was unknown in Tennessee; and yet, any other, with the exception of Ohio. In from Jackson's administration to that of some respects, there is a noticeable similar- Buchanan, the Whigs carried that State at ity in the history of these two States. The every Presidential election. How this came early settlers of Ohio were more highly cul- about is told in the following extracts : tivated than those of Tennessee; but in their "The Whig leaders of Tennessee repelled with in- experiences of pioneer life, in the possession dignation the charge that their party had its origin of strong and able leaders, in their financial in opposition to Jackson. But such was the fact. difficulties, and in their political divisions and Carroll was the only prominent candidate who was triumphs, their histories are strikingly parallel. 1 opposed by Jackson who did not subsquently be- Tennessee is fortunate in having a historian come a Whig. The Republicans held undisputed who, by temperament, education, and experi- supremacy in Tennessee long after Clay's secession and the annunciation of his American system. ence, is so admirably qualified for his task as Jackson was nominated by the Legislature of Ten- is Mr. Phelan. He has produced a work judi- nessee on the 20th of July, 1822, for the Presidency cial in tone, broad in outline without being of the United States. Between the period of the diffusive, yet sufficiently thorough to satisfy War of 1812 and this date, his influence had become all demands, and in style so animated as to paramount, and as far as personal influence, unaided hold the attention of the reader to the end. by the machinery of party conventions, could con- Undoubtedly, Mr. Phelan's training as a jour- trol the politics of a State, he controlled the politics nalist, and his experience in public affairs (he of Tennessee. His prejudices were strong. He was devoted to his friends. He hated his enemies, represents the Memphis district in Congress), and he was suspicious of those who were indiffer- have enabled him to make a better book than ent. His final election to the Presidency made him another writer of equal intelligence without politically omnipotent. Those who were excluded such experience to aid him. from his good-will were excluded from all prefer- The work opens with a striking and pictur- | me'nt, not resting upon the direct vote of the peo- esque chapter on the organizing and civilizing ple. ... Jackson was an old man, and during work of the Watauga Association, in an out- a long and tempestuous life he had contracted many debts of personal gratitude. He became President; lying settlement of North Carolina. It then these were now to be liquidated. There was room takes up the romantic story of the State of for no new men, a class of politicians who are fre- Franklin, in which John Sevier is hero. The quently hated as much in our day as in Cicero's. formation and growth of the State of Ten- Young, ambitious spirits were not wanting to see nessee are fully described, with a great amount that there was no place for them, unless a new order of most interesting matter connected with the of things could be inaugurated. During Jackson's early history of the State. One of the most second term, circumstances arose which opened up valuable portions of the book is that in which the possibility of revolution. The number of those willing and able to lead in this movement had been the author deals with Tennessee's financial his- steadily increasing. Not only were the Jackson tory. It is from such experiences that states- men supreme, they were intolerant. Jackson not men draw useful lessons, and are enabled to only proposed to reward his friends, but to punish avoid like disastrous mistakes in shaping legis his enemies. As Crockett said, 'to turn against lation for other generations. The pioneers of Jackson was the unpardonable sin.' Naturally, the West and Southwest not only subdued the there was much mutiny." Indians, cleared the lands for cultivation, built There is strong temptation to quote other passages showing our author's insight into the * HISTORY OF TENNESSEE. The Making of a State. By political movements of the time. His esti- -- - - James Phelan. Boston: Houghton, Mitilin & Co. 1888.] THE DIAL 155 - -- mates of men are shrewd and independent, or the actual letter of it, or he jumbled both to- and many striking and spirited portraits are gether as suited his purpose. He held out hopes contained in his pages. James K. Polk is of Polk becoming a Whig. And why? Because given a higher place than he is accorded in he gripned like the little fur-covered animal that had been one of the emblems in the Harrison cam- prevalent opinion. He was an able lawyer, paign. He told the most grotesque, the most ludic- had been twice elected speaker of the National rous anecdotes with a mien of funeral gravity. House of Representatives, and was “the first When at a loss for something to say, he looked great stump-speaker.” Against him, in 1841, solemnly toward the audience, and then turned the Whigs pitted James C. Jones, in the con- slowly and reproachfully toward his competitor, test for Governor. Jones was a man of strik- while the crowd burst into roars of laughter at the ing appearance, over six feet tall, with a large sight. The Democrats and Polk were mortified but not surprised, when the same party which had nose and solemn expression. “In more re- elected Harrison President, with cabins, coons, and spects than one, he bore a remarkable resem- cider, elected Jones Governor, with anecdotes, blance to Ned Brace in the Georgia Scenes.' laughter, and waggery." His hair was thin and curly. His mouth was William HENRY SMITH. extraordinarily large. His eyes were small and gray, and were shaded by heavy eyebrows." His voice was pleasant, his popularity great, and while his intelligence was not high, he RECENT ECONOMIC DISCUSSION.* “ was a master of all the arts of caricature and simulation. His impressive gravity, his pow A general treatise on political economy ers of ridicule and travesty, his anecdotes which should include something more than told with irresistible humor, joined to his queer metaphysical discussions of hypothetical situ- figure, his capacious mouth, and his large ations of “the economic man,” or extended nose, kept his audience in a state of perpetual historical narratives and elaborate statistical uproar.” The joint debates between Jones and analyses, would indeed be a most valuable Polk are thus described by Mr. Phelan: contribution to economic literature. While "When the time came, there was present an these methods of treatment have served and audience larger than that which had collected to still serve a definite purpose in the develop- ratify the nomination of Harrison. According to ment of economic science, and the occasion for the terms of the discussion, each speaker had two their prominence at certain periods is not far and a half hours. The speaking began at 2.30 and to seek, it would seem that we had reached a continued until 7.30. It was a repetition of what time when it was reasonable to expect of some had taken place before. Polk made a speech that master-mind a systematic coördination of would have swept from the stump any man who had ever been Governor of Tennessee before him, economic principles. We confidently hope and any man who was Governor after Jones until that an economic philosopher will shortly epit- Andrew Johnson came forward. It was forcible, omise our knowledge concerning the indus- comprehensive, powerful, vehement, almost elo trial phases of social life, and offer mankind quent. Bell, with his graceful purity of speech, his thorough political equipment, his rhetorical * A HISTORY OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. By John Kells finish, his incisive analysis and philosophic amplifi Ingram, LL.D. With Preface by Prof. E. J. James, Ph.D. New York: Macmillan & Co. cation, might have answered it. Foster, the impas- PRINCIPLES OF THE ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIETY. sioned, the turgid, the alert, the lofty, might have GOVERNMENT, AND INDUSTRY. By Van Buren Denslow. answered it. The warm imagination and impetuous LL.D. New York: Cassell & Co. and dazzling rhetoric of Gus Henry might have sus- RELATION OF THE TARIFF TO WAGES. By David A. tained the contest on terms not altogether unequal. Wells. (“Questions of the Day" series.) New York: But James C. Jones, who scarcely possessed a single G. P. Putnam's Sons. quality here attributed to these three, did what not FRIENDLY LETTERS TO AMERICAN FARMERS AND OTH. one of the three could have done-he completely ERS. By J. S. Moore. ("Questions of the Day" series.) New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. demolished the speaker. He had no wit, he had TARIFF CHATS. By Henry J. Philpott. ("Questions of no fancy, he had no oratorical powers, he had no the Day" series.) New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. knowledge, he had no great qualities of mind, he TIIE TARIFF AND ITS EVILs. By John H. Allen. ("Ques- lacked everything that the others had, but he had tions of the Day" series.) New York: G. P. Putnam's what the others lacked, a power of ridicule and Sons. mimicry never equalled in this State. It is said THE TARIFF HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. A Series that the Greeks, fearing alone the attack of the of Essays. By F. W. Taussig, LL.B., Ph.D. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. elephants which accompanied the army of Darius, PROBLEMS OF TO-DAY. A Discussion of Protective Tar. put them to fight by loud alarums and great tumult. iffs, Taxation, and Monopolies. By R. T. Ely, Ph.D. Jones met Polk and routed him by the same tactics. New York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. He made the crowd laugh until it became frantic. TAXATION IN AMERICAN STATES AND CITIES. By Rich. He twisted and distorted everything that Polk had ard T. Ely, Ph.D., assisted by John H. Finley, A.B. New said, until he whose thoughts and words were so York: T. Y. Crowell & Co. INDUSTRIAL LIBERTY. By John M. Bonham. New perverted could not, for his life, have unravelled York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. the maze of sophistry and nonsense. He turned THE SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY. With special serious arguments into jests, jests again into serious Reference to Contemporary Problems. By David J. Hill, arguments. He discussed the spirit of an assertion LL.D. Boston: Silver, Burdett & Co. 156 [Nov., THE DIAL an organized body of ideas which would bring | logical statement and sensible use of facts and the science of political economy more into har figures. Mr. David A. Wells, in a character- mony with the intellectual spirit of our century. istic series of questions and answers, entitled In his “History of Political Economy," “Relation of the Tariff to Wages,” tries to Professor J. K. Ingram, Fellow of Trinity dispose completely of the pauper-labor argu- College, Dublin, makes clear the need of a ment for high tariff rates to maintain wages. reform of method in the study of economics, Mr. J. S. Moore collects several newspaper and does much toward preparing the analyt articles in “Friendly Letters to American ical basis of a classic work by his constant Farmers,” with a view to show the folly of criticism and even judgment of the writings trying to buy a home-market by “protecting” of the various authors treated of in this sketch manufacturers. This scheme is also dealt with of the development of economic thought. The in a clear and convincing manner by Henry J. book is practically a reprint of the article in Philpott, in “ Tariff Chats,” a presentation of the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” and, unfortu the tariff problem “which goes straight to nately, is written in such a cold and condensed everybody's common-sense.” style as to render it difficult reading for any From the standpoint of the shipper and save the most special student. shipowner, we have an admirable and practical In the first portion of a work by Dr. Van volume by Mr. John H. Allen, “The Tariff Buren Denslow, entitled “Principles of the and Its Evils,” which is designed to show how Economic Philosophy of Society, Government, our protection does not protect national in- and Industry," there is also presented the best dustry, but, by maintaining high war taxes in fruits of economic analysis, and with a wealth times of profound peace and of great indus- of forcible illustration which would recom trial and commercial prosperity throughout mend the book to teachers and careful the world, simply hinders healthy industrial students, did it not, together with the title, growth and results in an utterly unjustifiable conduce to entirely mislead one as to the true surplus. character of the work. To a marked acumen Prof. Taussig, of Harvard, has collected, the author adds a most entertaining and vig. with slight revision, a number of essays on orous style; but on this carefully prepared “ The Tariff History of the United States," foundation he seeks to build a magnificent de- which, unfortunately, only “in some sort" fence of our present tax system of customs du | cover the whole period from 1789 to date. A ties. The following extract serves to indicate very satisfactory and popular statement of the both the philosophy and style of this writer: principles underlying the tariff question, to- “Protection is the mountain. It is eternal. gether with something of our history, is also Free trade is the mirage. If it advances it dis given by Prof. Richard T. Ely in his “Prob- solves. It can only make with protection the same lems of To-day." Each of these authors kind of an issue as the non-existing and impossible strives in a calm and dispassionate way to makes with the universal, natural, and inevitable. aid a little in the work of educating the Amer- It is a fight between something and nothing. Pro- ican people to realize the absurdity of uphold. tection is an economy; free trade is a give-away, a waste. Protection is constructive; free trade is de- ing, at least in its present grossly perverted structive. Free trade may be talked while one is form, that ancient device for attempting to out of office. Protection must be practiced, the make foreigners pay our governmental ex- instant one comes into office, or inevitable disaster penses and secure untold riches for the whole ensues to the office-holder?). Protection investi community by burdening the many temporu. gates, consults, harmonizes, unites. Free trade rily for the benefit of the few. Even Prof. disintegrates, divides, slanders, besmirches, and dis- Ely's “Historical Continuity Tariff” hardly organizes. Protection collects facts. Free trade is finds support in the other portions of his oracular, pompous, and issues dogmas.” (pp. 607-8.) papers. If the tariff permanently affects in- The discussions throughout the latter and dustry only by bolstering iniquitous monop- larger portion of this work are noticeably in- olies, clearly the sooner all protective features complete; the conclusions are frequently irra are utterly abolished the better for the forgot- tional, and the use of statistics quite superficial. ten millions who are now robbed. After ex- Even the historical statements are occasionally plaining the relation existing between the tariff inaccurate. and certain monopolies, Prof. Ely develops The policy of the present administration in the essentially monopolistic character of the its public utterances has made this campaign business of supplying large cities with light, exceptionally prolific in tariff literature, but water, and various means of transportation. it must be confessed that Dr. Denslow's pon- Written for a local purpose, this series of derous treatise compares most unfavorably newspaper articles is worthy wide circulation with the neat little essays published by the on account of the clear and popular presenta- Putnams, for instance, in the “Questions of tion of a most sensible view of the conditions the Day series,” and written in the interest of of reform. Prof. Ely makes perfectly evident tariff reform. It is a relief to turn to their l the necessity of earnest coöperation, together 1888.] 157 THE DIAL - - --- - with intelligent and persistent state action hensive. After dealing with certain obstacles (emphasising particularly the latter), if we hope to reform, the author inveighs at length against to promote industrial liberty, secure equal jus paternalism in government - that relic of tice, and maintain local self-government in theocracy and the supernatural in our idea of republican purity and democratic simplicity. the state. He argues most prominently against *Taxation in American States and Cities,” the present irresponsible management of quasi- by the same author, is a more pretentious public corporations, against protection to spe- work in a comparatively new field. Highly to cial industries, and against our public school be commended for its conception, it is to be system. This is certainly a singular grouping most heartily condemned for its execrable exe of the chief dangers to the Republic, but it cution. This book, says the author, aims to is one which Mr. Bonham defends with force present an outline sketch of what exists, and and in a most logical manner. If his premise to indicate the lines along which financial as to the means of social progress is well taken, reform must move. But such an outline! | it seems difficult to avoid the conclusion. The This mass of notes, memoranda, private letters, hope for the future lies in the sturdy traits of and newspaper clippings, can hardly be said character of the Anglo-Saxon. «The only to have any outline. Valuable suggestions present question is whether his intelligence for the improvement of our various tax-sys. may not be stimulated to realize the problem tems, national, state, and municipal, the book of his right—to overcome the antagonism to must of course contain; but there is as little that right-before a resort to blood and de- system in the manner of presenting them as molition becomes necessary.” (p. 218). in our methods of taxation. This has truly | Another systematic study of contemporary become a “funny world,” if this volume is a social problems is made by Dr. David J. Hill in fair specimen of a “practical work for practi. “ The Social Influence of Christianity." It is cal people," conceived in “the only air con a series of lectures delivered before the New- genial to the highest intellectual life.” We may ton Theological Institution, and is of value as properly look for a thoroughly revised edition containing a wholesome view of social life and of the abundance of matter here collected. | duties, rather than as giving an account of the An exceedingly interesting discussion of influence of Christ's life and teaching in re- current “ problems” is given in “Industrial shaping social institutions during the nineteen Liberty,” an essay dealing in an earnest and centuries of the Christian era. Labor, wealth, philosophical manner with the prominent fac- marriage, education, legislation, and repres- tors and salient principles of political and sion, are treated of in separate chapters; and social economy, and bringing the special ques to each the author brings the results of wide tions of the day thoroughly to the test in pro and well-chosen reading and of earnest med- found and dispassionate analysis. The author, itation. His formula of social reform is worthy Mr. John M. Bonham, conceives the develop most careful study: the reconstruction or ment of a higher civilization to lie in the transformation of society must proceed upon direction of greater political freedom with a clear comprehension of the natural basis of individual sovereignty as essential to its com society in the instinctive wants of man, the plete idea. Social progress demands not sim mode in which the human will can affect the ply equality before the law, but “ before the performance of social functions, and the mo. popular power, and before any power exercised tives for the conformity of the popular will to by any aggregation or delegation of the units.” the ideals of a higher social life. Only by the strong guarantee of these will the ARTHUR B. WOODFORD). incentives to industrial enterprise continue powerful. Only with these political rights can there come the persistent efforts necessary to self-development and independence. The THE FOLK-LORE OF THE NORTH.* writer emphasises the wonderful influence of In 1883 there was published in New York, steam and electricity, disturbing the equili under the title of “Folk and Fairy Tales,” an brium of the body politic by their applica English translation of Peter Chr. Asbjörnsen's tion in the arts, and resulting in the unstable “Norske IIuldre-Eventyr og Folkesagn,” fur- state of “the thrift and confidence” of pro- nished with an Introduction by that eminent tected classes and of “the hopelessness of the scholar Edmund W. Gosse, and with illustra- unorganized, unguarded and unprotected indi tions by the first artists in Norway. There vidual;” in the utterly unrepublican develop | has now appeared an American edition of Sir ment of that most unrepublican institution George W. Dasent's English translation of the the corporation; in the enormous extension of “Norske Folke-Eventyr,” by the same author, trusteeship both in the tenure and in the man- bearing the title of “Popular Tales from the agement of property; finally, in the complete perversion of these into “trusts." His treat- * POPULAR TALES FROM THE NORSE. By Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L., etc. New edition. New York: ment of the subject is both clear and compre- | G. P. Putnam's Sons. 158 THE DIAL [Nov., ------- --- ---- Norse.” This volume contains a group of crease his own experience, and took the work fifty-nine of the folk and nursery tales of of collector, re-teller and editor of the tales Norway, of which less than a dozen were in entirely into his own hands. cluded in the first named publication, and A book like the present one affords a de- comes to us in its third edition, the first and lightful pastime to the child-reader, and it second having been issued in Edinburgh in serves nobly to enrich the imagination of 1858 and 1859. We cannot help wishing that | youth; but its importance is even greater to this edition of 1888 had been provided with the student of comparative mythology and some prefatory remarks especially addressed folk-lore among children of a larger growth. to American readers, in addition to the valua The stories it contains show resemblance to ble Introduction of 1859, and that we might the popular tales and traditions of many lands; have detected some signs of a much-needed they have developed in harmony with their revising hand. Nevertheless, we heartily bid surroundings, as have those of other countries, these wonderful stories welcome, and hope and like them may be traced back to the they may fulfil their mission among us as they legendary lore current in Asia from a very have done elsewhere in diverse guise and un remote period. To use the words of Dasent: der diverse circumstances. “There can be no doubt, with regard to the ques- The popular romances of Norway, the stories tion of the origin of these tales, that they were of the heroes and heroines, trolls, hulders, and common, in germ at least, to the Aryan tribes be- mountain folk of various kinds, and the wild fore their migration. We find those germs devel- plots, all redolent with the aromatic breezes oped in the popular traditions of the Eastern of heather and pine, that haunt the hills and Aryans, and we find them developed in a hundred valleys, forests and fjords, and occupy the forms and shapes in every one of the nations into which the Western Aryans have shaped themselves imaginations of the aged, of youth and maiden, in the course of ages. We are led, therefore, irre- and of the smallest child of the rural districts, sistibly to the conclusion, that these traditions are may be said to have been discovered and were as much a portion of the common inheritance of certainly made known to the world of culture our ancestors as their language unquestionably is; by Peter Chr. Asbjörnsen, who was born in and that they form, along with that language, a Christiania, Norway, in 1812, and who long double chain of evidence, which proves their East- before his death, which was of comparatively ern origin.” recent date, had won a wide-spread European The hero that figures most largely in the fame. He was the pioneer of his people in “Norse Popular Tales” is the youngest of the rich realm of folk-lore. He pointed out | three or of twelve brothers. He is own the foundation on which to build further brother to Cinderella, the Jack, or Boots, of literary development, and it is not to be won English tradition. Dasent calls him “Boots " dered at that Björnstjerne Björnson, the poet, in his translation; but as this in a measure novelist, orator, political leader, and ideal robs him of his distinct nationality, we feel chieftain of Norway, has declared that without inclined to protest, preferring to have him this man his own efforts had never been. named Ashes-lad, which is a literal translation Asbjörnsen had an assistant in the lyric poet of his true name. He is the embodiment of Jörgen Moe, and from boyhood these two made strength, enterprise, and perseverance,-the a pastime of writing down the tales they had honest worker upon whom all powers of heard in the nursery and the new ones they nature smile and help him to overcome every coaxed from every peasant they met in their obstacle, because he helps himself. While fishing and walking excursions. The result poking with seeming indifference in the ashes, of their joint efforts was not given to the or patiently fulfilling the menial and unpleas- world until 1841, although Asbjörnsen had ant tasks imposed upon him by his elders, he previously printed some of the stories collected awaits the day when the gifts unfolding within by him in a children's magazine. The genius | him shall be needed. “In this way," says of this “Northern Grimm," as Asbjörnsen has | Dasent, “ does the consciousness of a nation, justly been called, was more in harmony than and the mirror of its thought, reflect the image that of his co-laborer with fell and fjord and and personification of a great moral truth, that the simple-hearted peasants of his native land, modesty, endurance, and ability will sooner or and to him is wholly due the method of pre later reap their reward, however much they senting these Norse stories to the reading may be degraded, scoffed at, and despised by world as nearly as possible in their natural the proud, the worthless, and the overbearing.” garb,—for Moe had wished to clothe them in Ashes-lad appears in matchless radiance in à more artificial way and adorn them with the charming story of “The Princess on the sundry accessories. Later, when Moe had Glass Hill ” (p. 92), in which we find the Nib- settled down to the narrow sphere of a country lung story in a nutshell, and in which the parson, Asbjörnsen, whose calling of forest glorious princess sits on a giddy height await- inspector carried him continually from one ing the coming of the conquering hero who is end of Norway to the other, continued to in- I to release her, as Brynhild awaited the com- 1888.) 159 THE DIAL - --- ing of Sigurd on the Glittering Heath, and as ness of heart, who sacrifice all they most prize Draupadi in the Mahâbhârata awaited the for the good of those dear to them, who hear and victorious bow of Arjuna. Shaking off his heed the voices of the little birds and all other rags, ashes, and appearance of sloth, our hero, voices of nature, choose the right casket, and on mysterious coursers, obtained through his after many trials receive a glorious reward. vigilance and skill, three times scales the hills | Reverence for woman is common to all branches side, smooth and slippery as glass could well of the Teutonic race. In Norse mythology be, and showing himself to the maiden, suc the mother of gods and men is held in the cessively in mail coats and trappings of cop same respect as their father. As Odin instructs per, silver, and glittering gold, wins from her men in the arts of war, so Frigg instructs the priceless treasure of her golden apples, womankind in the domestic arts. When her lily white hand, and half the kingdom. In Christianity and heathendom became blended the Icelandic sagas we find Norsemen called the attributes of Mother Frigg, of Freyja, the Kolbitr, coalbiters, because it was their wont goddess of love, of the three Norns, these to sit brooding over the fire when there was weavers of the destinies of humanity who are no cause for action, but when the time was plainly mirrored in “ The Three Aunts" ripe they became men of renown. In stirring (p. 193), and of sundry minor personifications up the ashes, these heroes, like those of the | of the same ideals,were bestowed on the Mother stories, revealed the bright light of the fire, of Jesus, whom we find represented, as in “The and it illuminated the thoughts and plans Lassie and Her Godmother ” (p. 188), as the working within their breasts. guardian of the sun, moon, and stars, the wise Another prominent figure in these Norse friend who could even inflict sharp punish- stories is the Troll, a monstrous one-eyed Ogre, ment on her favorites in view of securing their who is sometimes represented with one head best welfare. The forbidden rooms in this and sometimes as many-headed, and is the story, like those in “The Widow's Son” (p. 311), true descendant of the frost-giants of Norse are like the treasure-house of the Greek myths mythology. As Thor slew these, so our of Ixion or Tantalus, or the large-vaulted Ashes-lad overcomes the Trolls, which, as well sandal-perfumed room of “The Third Calen- as their prototypes, represent the chaotic forces der" in the “ Arabian Nights," or the forbid- of nature that must either be destroyed by the den door to the Land of Ilappiness in Grimm's beneficent powers, or tamed and utilized, that “Woodcutter's Child." The story of the harmony may be produced. Quite smooth forbidden chambers in “Blue Beard” is but a tempered, and ready to lend a helping hand to distorted version of those of the Norse stories, the race of man, seem these Trolls when un as the blood that could never be wiped away provoked, and hugely simple-minded and easy is a corruption of the red gold that clung to to be outwitted they are. Like the last living the finger dipped into the kettle in “The Wid- representatives of some almost extinct race, ow's Son." * The mysteries of the palace of in whose bosoms still linger remnants of the the Holy Grail in Wagner's “Parsifal” are of virtues and valuable experiences of former like nature with these secret rooms that must times, they may teach the present generation not be idly or wantonly explored. the lessons of the Past; although powerless | The love of the Norseman for his horse is to make progress themselves, they are terrible | exemplified in “Dapplegrim” (p. 272), who, when excited to wrath and dangerous when with his mate, recalls the two Aswins, or opposed, like all thwarted powers of nature. dawn-steeds of Sanskrit lore; the Hengist and In the story called “Boots and the Troll” Horsa, those famous twin hero steeds of the (p. 215), Ashes-lad passes through adventures Anglo-Saxon migration; and the noble steeds similar to those of the hero in the English of the Norse Eddas and Sagas. The horse nursery tale of “Jack and the Bean Stalk," | Dapplegrim saves his master from all perils and the harp he steals is the harp of Hermes or 1 and leads him to fortune. Another friend of of Orpheus, the voice of the wind, the myriad | the deserving is the Dun Bull in “Katie Wood- tongued voice of nature. And we find the encloak” (p. 357), from whose ear comes the being capable of playing on this harp in the “ Wishing Cloth,” which serves up the choicest “Master Thief” (p. 232),-a lad well fitted | dishes, and who may readily be traced back to produce sad havoc among oxen and men as to the primitive Aryans, among whom the bull Phoebus Apollo himself. represented masculine perfection. In many of the stories,-as in “Tatterhood” But we have left unmentioned “The Hus- (p. 345), “The Two Step-Sisters” (p. 113), band Who Was to Mind the House” (p. 269), “East o' the Sun and West o the Moon” in which men are taught to respect the house- (p. 22), “ The Twelve Wild Ducks” (p. 51), hold cares of their wives; and “Rich Peter etc.,-- we find true womanly maidens who | Pedlar," in which an infant committed to the forget themselves in their readiness to help waves in a well-closed casket floats down the others, who tread gently over the hedge, stream to fame and fortune, like Karna in the tenderly handle sheep and cow, all out of good. 'Hindu epic and Sigfrid in the Vilkina saga; 160 [Nov., THE DIAL and “ Soria Moria Castle” (p. 396), so glorified forcibly upon her readers the critical teach- by Ibsen in his “Peer Gynt;” and many more ings of “Literature and Dogma.” The dis- exquisite tales that space forbids us to discussion is very forcible, it is true, and the cuss. We commend them all to the reader's | reasoning most cogent; but it gives to the attention, and promise a rich feast to him who book the atmosphere of the critical essay will make the acquaintance of these “Norse rather than the atmosphere of the novel. Now Popular Tales.” A complete superbly illus it is possible for the novel or the poem to work trated edition of Asbjörnsen's stories is now far more potently than any other species of being published in the original tongue. We literature in the moulding of the intelligence; should be glad to see it presented to the Amer but this can only be done by a concealment of ican reading world. motive. The reader must not be made to feel AUBERTINE WOODWARD MOORE. that there are designs upon him. In reading “ Robert Elsmere” he does feel that there are designs upon him, and is made suspicious and RECENT FICTION.* resentful thereby. If he be one to whom the Zeitgeist has spoken, and not in vain, he will It would now be rather late to write of “Rob- get little profit from so much insistance upon ert Elsmere,” were that novel an ordinary work matters which for him have been cleared up of fiction; but its very remarkable merits may long ago. If, on the other hand, he be still excuse a few words of criticism even at the armored in the carapace of old-fashioned and present date. The fact is that, although rigid beliefs, he will be apt to fortify himself * Robert Elsmere” was published several all the more carefully at sight of what is obvi. months ago, it was not, for some reason or ously an organized attack upon his defences. other, generally supplied to American readers Apart from this criticism (which is rather until comparatively recently. It is certainly technical, after all,) “Robert Elsmere” de- the strongest novel of the year; probably it is serves almost unqualified praise. It is a not too much to say of it that it is the strong- studied and earnest production throughout, est novel of the past decade. We do not recol. appealing to the higher intelligence and the lect anything since the publication of “John higher sympathies. While strikingly English Inglesant” which is fairly comparable with it in its temper,—so much so that the reader is for style or creative power. With this general all the time conscious of race kinship with its praise there must go, however, the confession author,-it touches interests that are wider that the work seems to fall considerably short than those of any one people; interests that of artistic perfection in being made to so great at the same time are peculiarly vital to the an extent the medium of a philosophical dis- thinking world of to-day. It is in this fact cussion. It may be argued, it is true, that the that its power chiefly lies; in this, and in the characters are naturally drawn and that they delicacy of the touch and the depth of the speak just as such characters may be expected underlying human sympathy. to speak; there still remains a feeling that the The title of Mr. Black's latest novel tells element of discussion enters rather too largely the whole story. Readers of “The Strange into the construction of the work, that there Adventures of a Phaeton" do not need to be is too much of it for the best artistic effect, told what « The Strange Adventures of a too much even for the accomplishment of House-Boat” is like. The vein which Mr. what is evidently the primary purpose of the Black has opened in these novels is capable of author—that of presenting to and impressing indefinite exploitation. We would suggest for * ROBERT ELSMERE. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. New his further consideration the “strange ad- York: Macmillan & Co. ventures” of a Sociable Tricycle or an Erratic THE STRANGE ADVENTURES OF A HOUSE-BOAT. By Balloon. The cruise of the house-boat with William Black, New York: Harper & Brothers. IN Hor HASTE. By Mary E. Hullah. New York: Henry which the present novel is concerned is made Holt & Co. through the rivers and canals of southwestern WITH THE IMMORTALs. By F. Marion Crawford. New England ; its adventures are the reverse of York: Macmillan & Co. THE GUARDIANS. By the Authors of " A Year in Eden" startling, and there is the usual love-story and "A Question of Identity.” Boston: Houghton, Mif. brought to a happy consummation in the last flin & Co. chapter. One of the most amusing features THE McVeys(AN EPISODE). By Joseph Kirkland. Bog. of the book is the account of a young writer ton: Houghton, Miffin & Co, THE GRAYSONS. By Edward Eggleston. New York: who discourses upon critics in a fashion worthy The Century Co. of Mr. Edgar Fawcett in his most embittered REMEMBER THE ALAMO. By Amelia E. Barr. New mood, and ends by becoming a critic himself. York: Dodd, Mead & Co, NINETTE. AN IDYLL OF PROVENCE. By the Author of Mr. Black's heroine is an American girl with “Vera," New York: D. Appleton & Co. a pronounced tendency towards flirtation. AN ICELAND FISHERMAN. By Pierre Loti (Julien Viaud). The type is admirably truthful in most re- Translated from the French by Clara Cadiot. New York: | spects, although some of the witticisms in William S. Gottsberger. 1888.] 161 THE DIAL which the young woman indulges are in ques Joseph Kirkland's novels. “The McVeys," tionable taste. The story makes very pleasant just published, is a sort of sequel to, or rather reading for an idle summer day. an amplification of,“ Zury, the Meanest Man “In Hot Haste” is a pretty little story of in Spring County," which we had occasion to German life and love. It is carefully told and commend about a year ago. The present with considerable spirit. For the rest, it is | novel relates in greater detail some of the made up of the conventional elements. There events chronicled in “ Zury,” and adds enough is a picturesque old castle inhabited by a de others to make a book of nearly the same cayed family. There is a maiden, of course, length. It is an exceedingly interesting story, and a dissolute lover. There is also an ances although its realism is of the barest sort. Mr. tral feud finally brought to its end by the Kirkland is a man of close observant powers, marriage of the descendants. To this happy | and his pictures of the life of the past gener- consummation there are the usual obstacles, ation in Illinois may be taken as entirely trust- and the story is drawn out to a fitting length worthy. While in no sense strictly historical, thereby. Miss Mary S. Hullah is the writer. these novels are of considerable historical “ With the Immortals” is a series of con | value in their reproduction of a bygone phase versations between such distinguished persons of American civilization. Now and then we as Julius Cæsar and Dr. Johnson, Heinrich have, too, a bit that is historical in the more Heine and Blaise Pascal, on the one hand, and technical sense,-as in the scene which intro- a small family party of cultured English peo duces the familiar figures of Lincoln and ple on the other. The English family occu Douglas. The character of Zury appears pies an ancient castle on the southern shore of more consistent with itself in “ The McVeys" the Sorrentine peninsula, and certain electrical than in the earlier novel, where his develop- experiments of a member of this family have ment went on at a rate that the reader found the astonishing effect of evoking from the it difficult to follow. In this book we have shades the spirits of the famous dead just | little of his “meanness” and much of the gen- mentioned. The somewhat mixed society that erous after-growth of his nature. We are in- results spends a number of days in discussing clined to think that the latter half of “The the various problems that perplex mankind, McVeys” contains the strongest writing that very much as the characters in Mr. Crawford's the author has done. other novels discuss them. We cannot say The reader of “ The Graysons,” by Mr. that the author has been very successful in Edward Eggleston, finds himself in the pres- his ambitious attempt. His shades have much ence of a very familiar story,—Tom Grayson, of the speech and manner of .commonplace the hero, being no other than that Bill Arm- moderns. With some-such as Dr. Johnson strong whose trial for murder and acquittal is and Heine-he has been rather more success | related in almost every biography of Abraham ful than with others; but he does not seem to | Lincoln. Why the writer should have given have been able to identify himself very fully his hero a fictitious name is not very evident, with any one of them. unless it be that he had forgotten the real one. The thin veil of anonymity which covers This supposition seems to be borne out by a the authorship of “The Guardians” does not statement in the preface, where Mr. Eggleston serve as a concealment for one of the two says: “It (the story was written mostly at writers of whose coöperation the work is the | Nervi, near Genoa, where I could not by any product. The title-page imforms us that it is possibility have verified the story I had re- by the authors of “Ā Year in Eden” and “ A ceived about 1867 from one of Lincoln's old Question of Identity.” As the former of neighbors.” The writer could hardly be ex- these two novels is published under the pected to have had a reference library with author's name, we divulge no secret in assign him in Italy, but still it seems singular that he ing to Harriet Waters Preston a share in the should not at least have found some means of production of the work before us. We should getting at one of the many lives of Lincoln. judge, from the internal evidence of the story, Well authenticated accounts of the incident that her share was the larger of the two; but are to be found in the works of Arnold, the workmanship is so deftly joined that any Browne, and others, and with these Mr. Eggle- attempt at a precise statement of the part of ston's narrative is considerably at variance. each writer would be futile. The story is We can hardly say that he has improved upon but moderately interesting. It is domestic in the true story, and, in any case, the story character, and its incidents are mostly thread hardly affords sufficient material for the con- bare. It is chiefly attractive for its style, struction of a full-sized novel. Of course, it which is distinctly above the level of what we | is filled out with many other matters pertain- find in nine-tenths of current works of fiction. | ing to the rough life of the time in Illinois, A realism that is suggestive of Thomas ! but its descriptive scenes and characteriza- Hardy, and a disregard of form that recalls tions are singularly colorless. Writing at a Charles Reade, are the characteristics of Mr. ' distance from his country seems to have put 162 [Nov., THE DIAL the author out of touch with his subject- | itself an end, but rather a basis for artistic matter. The contrast between this work and selection and arrangement, and for the play of that of Mr. Kirkland is very striking, and is a broad and earnest sympathy. There are distinctly favorable to the story of “The things in this book that are simply haunting! McVeys." in their effect. There is the exercise of an · The title of Mrs. Barr's “Remember the admirable restraint-chief of literary virtues Alamo” is less graceful than the story itself. —that leaves unsaid what is not needful to be The author introduces us, in this work, to the said. There is, in short, whatever goes to the stirring times of the conquest of Texas, and making of noble imaginative literature. one of her heroes is no less a person than the WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. redoubtable Sam Houston. The story has little other than the historical interest, being upon the domestic side rather commonplace than anything else. But its main purpose is BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. doubtless that of vivifying an almost forgot- One of the most timely of publications for the ten page in our national history; and in ac- promotion of political intelligence is the edition of complishing this it is fairly successful. the “Federalist," edited by Henry Cabot Lodge, Unpretentious in plot and moderate in size, and published by G. P. Putnam's Sons. It is con- “Ninette, an Idyll of Provence” is distinctly | venient in size, and contains, besides the essays, an a book with matter in it. It is written by the introduction in which is summarized the evidence author of “ Vera," and the fact that the hand relating to the authorship of the several papers, the which wrote it is practiced appears on every Articles of Confederation, the Constitution, and a carefully prepared Index. While Mr. Lodge is one page. There is a certain care in the choice of of the most active of the Hamiltonian propagan- phrase and a certain show of close observation dists, he has fairly presented the conflicting claims that tend to keep the vagrant mind of the of Hamilton and Madison as to the authorship of reader to his text; and yet the story is of the eighteen of the papers. He has wisely, in this simplest description. A pair of peasant lovers, edition, followed the untouched original text, and and the wealthy wretch whose fancy is cap numbered the essays the same as in the McLean, or tured by the girl and who seeks to win her by First Edition, which received the approval of Ham- all manner of foul means, are the only char- ilton. They are thus presented in the form in acters worth mentioning. This is threadbare which they were read by the people in the newspa- pers of the day in 1788, and have a distinct histor- enough, but it acquires a fresh interest in its ical value. While commending Mr. Lodge's work, setting of Provençal landscape. The writer a single remark, which shows his bias towards Ham- evidently knows life in southern France at first ilton, invites attention. One is surprised to find so hand; her descriptions have the touch of truth, thorough an historical student as Mr. Lodge mak- and her sympathies, if sometimes a little short ing the statement that Hamilton and Madison were sighted, are warm and true. We should not " the two principal authors" of the Constitution. Madison's share indeed was great; but Hamilton forget to mention that the Riviera earthquake had small part in the authorship of the Constitution, of two years ago affords a fitting catastrophe and after it was completed never believed it would to the story and most effectively disposes of endure. It is to his credit that, while preferring a the villain. form of government similar to the British, he patri- Another idyll, this time not of Provence, otically advocated the new order of things. These but of Brittany, is presented us in the trans essays, and his remarkable speeches in the New lation of Pierre Loti's “Pêcheur d’Islande.” York Convention, justly entitle him to great fame; Charming as is the Provençal story of which but they do not warrant his admirers in atteinpting to deprive others of their proper share in the author- mention has just been made, it is in every way ship of what Mr. Gladstone has declared to be the outdone by the Frenchman's work. Between most perfect work ever struck off by man. The the two there is, in fact, the immeasurable rapid multiplication of political works is likely to distance that ever separates talent from genius. lessen this hero-worship of the genius of Hamilton, Even in the translation, imperfect a reproduc and bring more prominently to the fore those able tion as it is, and as any translation of such a practical statesmen who constructed a charter work must needs be, we may still realize the adaptable to a small or a large Republic, and pos- informing touch of the creative hand. Any. sessing within itself an enduring conservatism. The “Federalist" undertook to reconcile the differences thing more delicately poetical in its interpre- of opinion as to the best form of government con- tation of nature, more simply and purely sistent with the liberties and aspirations of the human in its pathos, than this little sketch of people and the jealousies of the States. It exerted the rude life of the Breton fisherman, is harüly | a powerful influence in determining the decisions to be met with in recent literature. What in favor of a National Government as provided for Jules Breton has done for his countrymen with in the Constitution; but it is undoubtedly true that the brush, and more than that, has been done too much credit has been given to it, and too little account taken of other influences. To study the by this strong, fresh workman with the pen. “Federalist " apart from contemporary writings and This is the true realism: the profound and just speeches, is to get an imperfect view of the pur- observation which is made use of not as in poses of those who framed the National system. 1888.) 163 THE DIAL For instance, we should be led by the arguments printer (Cushing) deserve great praise for their part of Madison to contemplate a general government in the production of this beautiful quarto, over with very limited powers, little capable of inspir which every real student will delight to linger. ing in the citizen a patriotism sufficiently broad to resist the narrow claims of a single community. ONE of the most valuable books that the year has This is not the National view which one obtains in produced is Samuel Epes Turner's “The Germanic the writings of Washington, and the speeches of Constitution" (Putnam). There has hitherto been Wilson and McKean in the Pennsylvania Conven nothing in the way of a treatise on this important tion; and events have shown that the National view | subject for readers of English. The volume under is the correct one. consideration not only meets a demand, but it meets it in the most satisfactory way. The much- How can the best literature of foreign tongues tangled subjects of the Holy Roman Empire and the be popularized without being cheapened, and with Germanic Kingdom are here set apart, and the con- out putting a premium upon half-knowledge? Prostitution of the latter is traced from the earliest fessor Albert S. Cook, of the University of Califor days to the year 1806 in a brief yet succinct and nia, has solved this problem with respect to a noble able narrative. All students of constitutional his- piece of Anglo-Saxon literature, the epic fragment tory will hail the book as a vade mecum through a of “ Judith." Anglo-Saxon, or Old English as it is field full of valuable treasures, yet hitherto acces- better called, is far from being a foreign language; i sible only to those who read the German language. but it is still, to the majority of readers, practically | The old Frankish monarchical constitution is set more foreign than German or French or Latin. The before us in its Meroving and Carling stages, until interest attaching to Old English books is mainly it gives way before the pressure of advancing historical and philological,-or, to be precise, what feudalism. The reader then is led through the first the Germans call Kultur-historisch, - and in these feudal period to the complete break-down of all cen- respects this literature yields in interest for English tral government, at the close of the Hohenstaufen speaking people to none. But the Anglo-Saxon dynasty. The second feudal period is ushered in tongue can boast a few monuments of pure litera with the resuscitation of authority under the first ture, and it is happily one of these that Professor Hapsburg, and passes into the Reformation period Cook has chosen as the subject of this elegant and with the accession of the one truly imperial prince of scholarly book. It need not frighten the general all the Hapsburgs-Charles the Fifth. Then follows reader, if it be said that the book is perhaps pri- | Disintegration, from 1648 to 1793, and Dissolution, marily of value to scholars; for the introduction, completed in 1806. The executive, legislative and ju- the glossary, and the translation facing the text, go dicial branches of government are clearly set before far towards rendering the stirring poem accessible us in each stage, and with one exception the lesser to anyone who will take a little pains. A few even sovereignties which make up the whole are kept ings spent over Sweet's, or Earle's, Anglo-Saxon before the reader excellently. We are sorry that primer, would enable a beginner to enjoy the ring the author did not trace the changing fortunes of ing alliteration and forceful rhythm of the original the bench of spiritual princes as he has those of the text. The translation is perhaps as literal as is laity, as this would have taken but little more consistent with preservation or imitation of the space. It is also to be regretted that anyone should alliteration; its chief faults are too frequent sacrifices leave so good a book unprovided with an index. of idiom or sense or force to the alliteration. It is We are surprised, too, that an author should now everywhere smooth and rhythmical, and it some write the name of the Gothic historian other than times rises almost into the higher poetic atmosphere Jordanes, and that so competent a historian as Mr. of the original. Whatever may be thought of the Turner should speak of the Emperor Lothaire the author's wisdom in submitting so unreservedly to Second as childless, and of Henry the Proud of Bava- the bondage of alliteration,-which seems so natural ria as his step-son, when it was the marriage of the in Old English and so foreign to the genius of mod. already powerful Bavarian to Lothaire's daughter ern English,-it must be admitted that he has Gertrude, heiress of all North Germany, which be- performed the task with considerable literary skill. gan the fateful controversy between Guelf and One who knew nothing of Old English could form Ghibelline. We could wish that the truly regal from this translation, and from the other data fur policy of the Saxon dynasty had been more decid- nished by Professor Cook, a much more accurate edly indicated, as also the decline of the monarchy idea of its literary characteristics than from any from Saxon to Franconian and from Franconian to mere literary history. Take, for instance, Morley's Staufen dynasty. But these are errors or omis- “English Writers," — the blank-verse rendering sions of detail, which do not materially affect the there given, while not without merit, is much in value of the book as one of our most useful manu- ferior to Professor Cook's, considered as a repro als of constitutional history. duction in modern phrase of this venerable and thrilling poem. In addition to the features already A CONTRIBUTION to the literature of the weari- mentioned, there is an autotype fac-simile of the some “Irish Question " has at length been made manuscript, a grammar and prosody, several lists which recognizes two sides to it, and discusses it and indexes of great interest to special students, calmly, rationally, suggestively, but principally and an introduction containing among other things after due information. “In Castle and Cabin useful and interesting, a new theory of the origin (Putnam) is the result of a four months' sojourn in of the poem. Altogether, the volume is a credit to Ireland, made by George Pellew of the Suffolk American taste and scholarship. It ought to do Bar. Mr. Pellew carried letters of introduction much to popularize the study of that kindred from prominent “Unionists,” as well as from lead- tongue in which are enshrined the pathetic records | ing sympathizers with the land-leaguers-among of the faith, the thoughts, the struggles of our the latter, a circular letter from the secretary of brave forebears. The publisher (Heath) and the the Irish National League. All parts of the country 164 [Nov., THE DIAL were visited, and, thanks to the letters, conversa live out of doors. But the writer's visit to the tions were held freely which elicited every variety country was not in the rainy season. In general, of expression, ranging from the views of National however, the descriptions of picturesque Mexico ist leaders on the one hand to those of Kerry land are as accurate as they are racy and entertaining. agents and boycotted farmers on the other. Nearly To acquaint the reader with political and progres- the whole volume is given to this impartial report sive Mexico is the severer task of Mrs. Sullivan. of the opinion of the whole country-side, which is She has performed it with manifest conscientious- full of most interesting even if conflicting nar ness and ability. It is high but not undeserved ratives. But in the last fourteen pages the author's praise to say of her work that it will compare own views are presented in a most moderate and favorably with “A Study of Mexico" by Mr. David convincing manner. The difficulty of the situa A. Wells. She does full justice to the Spanish tion is fully exhibited ; the extravagant expectations Conquistadores in saying of them that “barter and of the Nationalists are not ignored because the the obtaining of gold, with the employment of re- evils of English rule as at present carried on are ligion as a means to that end, is written over every admitted. The author advises, as his contribution chapter of Spanish rule," and in ascribing all man- to any solution of the question, and as a present ner of evils to “the rapacity, the hypocrisy and the substitute for drastic and doctrinaire enfranchise feudalism of the invaders.” But from her views as ment of Ireland politically: the extension of the | to the present elevating influence of the Catholic Local Government Bill to Ireland, which would Church many of her readers will dissent. give Home Rule where it is most needed and where it would be most felt; consultation with the Nation THE “Life of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, alist members of Parliament in all possible cases Founder of Deaf-mute Instruction in America” when Ireland is concerned; Irishmen in public (Henry Holt & Co.), by his son, Edward Miner offices; generosity united with discretion in the Gallaudet, is a good specimen of the traditional promotion of public works in Ireland; and finally, pious and eulogistic biography. Before we are told technical education and compulsory primary educa anything of the subject, we are treated to a long tion. We believe his closing words state à truth. account of his ancestry and of his brothers. Further He says: “As the farmers become occupiers, as the on, we are informed at great length of what he did laborers find employment, as the people by control not do, but might have done, and of the positions ling their own local affairs learn to blame themselves he did not accept, but might have had. Almost rather than the English government for local dis everywhere the narrative lacks warmth and color comforts, the number of Irishmen in Ireland will and interest. We do not see the man, but only his increase who will be perfectly contented with a wraith. Much space is devoted to the stories of a measure of Home Rule far less sweeping than that Moorish prince and of the King of Siam. On sev- proposed by Mr. Gladstone, and at the same time eral occasions we are favored with copies of they will become more and more competent to mediocre verses, either composed by the insane operate with benefit to themselves and without in. or adapted to them. Some of Mr. Gallaudet's let- jury to others any measure of Home Rule that shall ters cover from sixteen to twenty pages of print; be granted." but the correspondence cited is by no means lim- ited to the letters of Mr. Gallaudet. The book ONE result of the opening of railroad communica- | contains some fifty pages of letters from other per- tion, by two trunk lines, between our country and sons in different parts of the world on sundry Mexico, has been the rapid accumulation of literature topics more or less related to the subject. Among relating to the latter country. Students of her these is a bungling English composition from the political conditions like David A. Wells, editors King of Siam, and one from an eminent Chinaman like Griffin, archæologists like Biart, compilers of who visited the Gallaudet family and thought it a guide-books like Janvier and Conkling, travellers charming one. With the latter epistle we have like Bishop, Miss Sanborn, and Hannah More John- given us a hymn which Mr. Gallaudet spent a wake- son, not to speak of the earlier and more elaborate ful night in composing for this “mandarin of high work of Ober, have all given the results of their rank in his own country.” But Mr. Thomas Hop- observations and studies in our neighboring repub kins Gallaudet, in spite of his disputed descent lic. The latest claimant to public favor is a volume from the doges of Venice, in spite of his intimate entitled “Mexico, Picturesque, Political, Progres relations with a Moorish prince, a Siamese king, sive" (Lee and Shepard), whose joint authors are a Chinese mandarin, “the black missionary from Mary Elizabeth Blake and Margaret F. Sullivan. Africa, and the white diplomat from Europe," in To introduce the reader to picturesque Mexico is spite of his unfortunate habit of “dropping into the agreeable work allotted to Mrs. Blake. She has poetry" in the watches of the night, and his son's performed her task in a manner to instruct, enter- still more unfortunate habit of publishing his tain and delight her readers. Her descriptions of strains, was a worthy man who devoted a large part scenery, of towns and cities, of the manners and cus of his life to earnest work for “the children of toms of the people, of their dress and modes of life, silence,''-as he delights to call the deaf and are bright and vivid. For the most part they are dumb,—and another large part to the religious true to life. Sometimes, perhaps, they are a little instruction of the insane. His charity was un- too highly colored,—as when she denies that the sectarian in its scope, and his philanthropy was as people are dirty, and their towns filthy, except in broad as the world. An index would add much places like Chihuahua and Zacatecas where water is value to the book. scarce. The writer of this was not equally fortu- nate in finding the people clean. On the contrary THE American publishers of Landor's - Imagi- the lower classes, the peones and the leperos, were nary Conversations” and “Pericles and Aspasia" almost always encrusted with dirt. Perhaps in the (Roberts) have completed their series of the prose rainy season this may be washed off, as the people writings of this author by the preparation of a vol- 1888.) 165 THE DIAL - --- ume containing “The Pentameron," " The Citation are apposite and brief, the details are interesting and Examination of William Shakspeare," the minor and impressive, the language is simple and con- prose pieces, and the criticisms on Theocritus, crete. Whatever flaws may be detected in the Catullus, and Petrarca. Few books could be more manner, the matter is always excellent. The book welcome than this. The two immortal works which will be useful to any who wish a summary of the form the principal contents of the volume have most important facts relating to Washington, been heretofore beyond the reach of most readers, Franklin, Jefferson, Hamilton, Jackson, Webster, owing to the great cost of the English editions, Clay, Sumner, Grant, and Garfield. The young, Separate editions have, in fact, been practically especially, will find in its pages both pleasure and unobtainable, and both the incomplete two-volume instruction. Lincoln has already been treated by collection and the complete eight-volume collection the same author in her “ Poor Boys Who Became of Landor's works have long been out of print, and Famous." An index and a bibliography, without held at a high price by those booksellers into whose adding much to the size of such a volume, would hands copies have occasionally fallen. In conse add greatly to its value. quence of this, a great English classic has remained unread, in his most remarkable works, for years. This is the decade of “Series,” in history, biog- Nearly everyone who writes about Landor finds raphy, and economics; and the reading public is occasion to say, in one way or another, that he is being admirably provided for thereby. The most not, and is never likely to be, a popular writer. recent claimant upon our attention, the “Interna- Possibly this is true; but it is also true that he has tional Statesmen Series” (Lippincott), starts out not had a fair chance with the present generation. well with lives of Palmerston and Beaconsfield by In this country, at least, his entire prose writings Lloyd C. Sanders and T. E. Kebbel. The word may now be had in acceptable, although unfortu “brilliant” applies equally well to these two En- nately not quite uniform, editions. If the publish glishmen in their political careers, and sets them ers will now be sufficiently enterprising to add one apart from the great number of English statesmen more volume to their series, a volume including all of whom a somewhat slower and probably some- of Landor's poetical work, they will earn the warm what sounder policy was characteristic. Both, again, gratitude of every lover of noble literature. displayed their rather pyrotechnic gifts and made their reputations for posterity in foreign policy. The little book, “How Men Propose,” is not, as Both were-- for Englishmen— remarkably fluent some might infer, a treatise on the marriage pro speakers, and both were parliamentarians of the posal, but a collection of love-scenes from prom- first order. The time for writing biographies of inent works of fiction, showing how this delicate either that shall be permanent contributions to subject is dealt with by various well-known authors. literature has not yet come; but there has been a The selections are made with fine taste and tact, by need of compendious statements of fact in regard Agnes Stevens; and the result is an uncommonly to both, which these little volumes admirably meet. charming book-one in which a happy idea is most Both are largely a mere narrative of lives which are happily executed. Every extract tells its own full full of incident and interest; but such criticism as story, without any help from the compiler other is given-more largely in the life of Beaconsfield- than that lent by her skill in choosing just the right is in the main impartial and judicious. Neither of passages needed to complete the situation, and no them bears comparison, however, as a work of lit- more. More than a hundred novelists are repre erary art, with many of the admirable sketches in sented, by from one to five extracts each. For aid the American Statesmen " series. They are the ing the force of comparison, the selections are work of the compiler rather than of the critic. arranged in several categories, as “The Youthful Proposal,” “The Successful Proposal," etc., and In his “Colloquia Latina ” (Heath and Co.) Mr. they gain decidedly in interest thereby. As might B. L. D'Ooge offers to the teacher of Latin a means well be supposed, some highly amusing contrasts of imparting new life and zest to a study that often are brought out,-as, for instance, between the seems somewhat dull and dead-the elementary styles of Miss Burney and Mrs. Burnett, Richard study of Latin idiom. This little work will prove son and Howells, Disraeli and Kirkland, Scott and not only helpful as a text-book, but suggestive as Frank Stockton. But each, romanticist or realist, a guide to subsequent practice of a similar kind. gets through the scene in his own fashion, as Conversational practice, even if not very frequent people evidently do in real life. We see in the or extensive, will break the ice of unfamiliarity book how much of the interest of fiction, as of that chills and oppresses so many young hearts in life, revolves about the central theme of love. He their struggles with the intricacies of the Latin loved her, he declared his love; she accepted, or grammar, and with the construction of stately did not accept,-such is the burden of the tale, in classic sentences. The book before us is composed which all fiction, as all human life, repeats itself, of thirty short and familiar dialogues carefully and is “but the same rehearsal of the past." graded. Each dialogue is accoinpanied by sug- Whether for its portrayal of life and character, for gestive notes and questions, and by references to a study of literary style, or read simply for diver the beginners' books now most in use as well as to sion, the book is a most enticing and delightful the standard grammars. The dialogues are lively one. and interesting, and though they often touch upon some classical theme, they will quite as frequently Mrs. SARAH K. Bolton, in her “Famous Ameri supply the student with Latin equivalents for his can Statesmen” (Crowell), gives a readable account own idiomatic English or his darling slang. Such of ten of the foremost men in our history. The titles as Cyclops et Galatea and Duo Cives Americani author has the art of packing a great deal of infor- | suggest something of the character of the dialogues. mation into short and pithy sentences. She has, The book is as full of the life of to-day as it is of also, the art of selecting material. The quotations the otto of antiquity. 166 [Nov., THE DIAL A USEFUL little hand-book on "The History and the Constitution of the United States," by Principal W. W. Rupert of the High-School at Pottstown, Penn., is published by Ginn & Co. The first portion consists of a bibliography of American history, suit- able for schoolboys, which is well selected. An admirable feature is a price list. Our only criticism is that there is not sufficient indication as to the com- parative merit of books cited. The latter portion is a brief commentary on the Constitution, paragraph by paragraph, indicating cause of adoption or ulti- mate bearings of the provision. This comment is necessarily brief and in simple phrase, as intended for academic classes. The Twelfth Amendment, concerning the election of the President, should have been given in the comment upon the original provision, and the Tenure of Office Act and its repeal in 1887 should have been mentioned in con- ncction with Presidential powers. WHEN Dr. Ellerslie Wallace's “Amateur Pho- tographer" (Porter & Coates) first appeared, four years ago, we had occasion to commend it highly as a reliable manual for the beginner. In its new edition the work more than holds its own, and it is probably the best book of the sort to be had. It contains a great deal of matter in very little space, and is brought fully up to the times by the discussion of such subjects as hydrochinon develop- ment and magnesium flash-light photography. In its new leather covers it presents a very neat ap- pearance, and ought to be in the hands of every amateur. LOVERS of sacred music which is especially rich in harmony and in its pure devotional quality will find it in “Hymns and Tunes as Sung at St. Thomas's Church, New York”-an attractive vol- ume, from the press of Harper and Brothers. The music is composed and adapted by George William Warren, the well-known organist. There are about fifty hymns and tunes in the collection. The hymns are chiefly those which are familiar and dear to Christian people, and the tunes are all of a high order of church music. New Orleans Bench and Bar in 1823. C. Gayarré. Harper. Northern Folk Lore. Aubertine W. Moore. Dial. Paleolithic Man in America. W.J. McGee, Pop. Science. Paris, Museum of tbe History of. Theo. Child. Harper. Protection, Effects of C. S. Ashley. Popular Science. Railroad Men, Every day Life of. B. B. Adams. Scribner. Religious Thought in England. C. C. Starbuck. Andover. Sense, Problematical Organs of. John Lubbock. Pop. Sci. Socialism in the Church of Eng. W. D. P. Bliss. Andover. St. Lawrence, The Lower. C. H. Farnham. Harper, Sun-Power and Growth. Julius Stinde. Popular Science. Tennessee. Wm. H. Smith. Dial. Thompson, John R., Diary of. Lippincott. Tortoise, Great Southern. N. S. Shaler. Popular Science. Varnum, Gen. Joy. B., Autobiography of. Mag. Am. Hist. Winter Resorts. A. W. Grecly. Scribner. -- BOOKS OF THE MONTH. [ The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL during the month of October, 1889.) ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS. Memoirs of Count Grammont. By Anthony Hamilton. Edited, with Notes, by Sir Walter Scott. With a Por. trait of the Author and Thirty-Three Etchings by L. Boisson, on India paper, from Original Composi. tions by C. Delort. Limited Edition. Uncut. 4to, pp. 396, xxxvi. J. B. Lippincott Co. $18.00. Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail. By Theodore Roosevelt, author of “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman." Beautifully Illustrated by Frederic Remington. Folio, 1). 186. Canvas covers, gilt edges. The Century Co. $5. The Courtship of Miles Standish. By llenry Wads. worth Longfellow. With Illustrations by Boughton, Merrill, Reinhart, Perkins, and others. Folio, pp. 84, iv. Gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $6.00. Days Serene. Beautifully Illustrated by Margaret Mac Donald Pullman. Oblong folio. Gilt edges. Lee & Shepard. $5.00. The Book of Christmas: Descriptive of the Customs, C'eremonies, Traditions, Superstitions, Fun, Feeling, and Festivities of the Christmas Season. By Thomas K. Hervey. Illustrated by R. Seymour. Extra, gilt top. 16mo, pp. 356, vi. Roberts Bros. $2.05. Milton's Paradise Lost. Illustrated by Gustave Doré. Edited, with Notes and a Life of Milton, by Robert Vaughn, D.D. Gilt edges. Large 4to, pp. 329, 1x11. Cassell & Co. $1.00. Dante's Inferno. Translated by the Rev. Henry Francis Cary, M.A., from the Original of Dante Alighieri. Illustrated with the Designs of M. Gustave Doré. New Edition. With Critical and Explanatory Notes, Life of Dante, and Chronology. Gilt edges. Large 4to, pp. 183, xxiv. Cassell & Co. $4.00. Purgatory and Paradise. Translated by the Rev. Henry Francis Cary, M.A., from the Original of Dante Alighieri. Illustrated with the Designs of M. Gustave Doré. New Edition. With Critical and Explanatory Notes. Gilt edges. Large 4to, pp. 337, xii. Cassell & Co. $4.00. The Bible Gallery. Illustrated by Gustave Doré, with Memoir of Dor