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Rebellion, but the reader is carried back to some curious


THE DIAL
.
20
VOL. IX. MARCH, 1889. No. 107. may be neither that depicted by Karl Marx
or by Mr. Bellamy, nor yet that so greatly
feared by Herbert Spencer. As a systematic
CONTENTS.
study of the industrial nature of human
SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM. Arthur B. Woodford ... 281 society in its present condition, its genesis and
STUDIES OF INSECT LIFE, David S. Jordan . . . 283
development, the inner currents of its being
and the elements of decay inherent in existing
MATTHEW ARNOLD'S LATER CRITICISM. Melville
relations, socialism may quite properly be
B. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
called scientific. Above all, it is eminently
LANG'S LETTERS ON LITERATURE. W. Irving
fitting to apply this description to “Das Kapi.
Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
tal.” In the words of the author: “ The aim
OMITTED CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
of this work is to lay bare the economic law of
Walter P. Stradley · .. ...........
motion of modern society.” The book is not
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne .... 291 simply a criticism of political economy based
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 294 on a wide knowledge of economic literature;
Whittier's Prose Works, Riverside Edition, nor a “critical analysis of capitalist produc-
Bacon's Life of Delia Bacon.-Grimm's Life of tion” as viewed from the standpoint of the
Raphael. -- Patrick's Heraclitus, - Montagu-Bur-
class whose vocation in history is the over-
rows's The Cinque Ports.--Max O'Rell's Jonathan
and his Continent.--Stedman's and Hutchinson's
throw of the capitalist mode of production
Library of American Literature, Volumes V. and
and the final overthrow of all classes,—the
VI.-Thomas's Goethe's Tasso,-Hutchinson's The proletariat.” These are involved in that philo.
Record of a Human Soul.- (ooke's The Human sophical study of the industrial life of human
Mystery in Hamlet.- Snodgrass's Wit, Wisdom,
society which alone can form the basis of
and Pathos, from the Prose of Heinrich Heine.
social reform or give us a knowledge of the
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........
laws of social existence. Holding that his-
TOPICS IN MARCH PERIODICALS. ......
torical developments are transient, the author
BOOKS OF THE MONTH ..
seeks to discover the laws of this epoch of
--- -- - social life--of Modern Industrialism,—with a
view to forecast in a measure the immediate
SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM.*
future as revealed by those laws, and by the
“Scientific socialism." What a misnomer ! tendencies of the forces working in society as
What a sacrilege, even, to associate the hon at present organized. In this work he has
ored name of science with the despised term sought to embody the fruits of his life-long
“ socialism”! In the minds of many it is not study and investigation, as a result of which
unnaturally associated with the destruction by he sees the socialistic state as the necessary
force of all those social institutions which are outcome of the capitalist process of produc-
held to be fundamental and permanent in our tion. We may not follow him to this conclu-
social life. The family, private property, in sion; but certainly we should not meet reason
dividual liberty,—these, as guaranteed to us with ridicule.
by just laws and good government, are essen “Capital” presents a critical analysis of the
tial to social existence and welfare, to civiliza phenomena of Value; of the various functions
tion and the development of the human race. of Money; and of the process of Exchange,
To summarily abolish them and the social its essential nature and the varied forms of
structure—this God-given blessing, this out its manifestation. With rare power the
growth of the ages, -were supreme folly; to author distinguishes the differences of form
apply the name " scientific” to the proposal, from those of essence-simply quantitative
or to the body of thought designed to justify relations from qualitative. Utility is an
it, would certainly seem ridiculous.
incommensurable quality of articles. Value
But socialism is a very loosely defined word. is a quantitative relation of commodities, a
As a programme of social reform, it is not social phenomenon. On this distinction is
necessarily connected with anarchy. Engels based his theory of surplus-value and the law
informs us that Marx himself fully believed of the accumulation of capital. “The sim-
that the inevitable social revolution might be plest form of the circulation of commodities
effected, in England at least, entirely by peace is C-M-C, the transformation of commodi.
ful and legal means. As a tendency in the ties into money, and the change of the money
social life of recent generations, the outcome
back again into commodities: or selling in
order to buy. But alongside of this form we
* CAPITAL: A Critical Analysis of Capitalistic Produc.
| find another specifically different form: M-
man Edition. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
C-M.” But buying in order to sell, or, more
tion. By Karl Marx. Translated from the Third Ger.


282
[March,
THE DIAL
accurately, buying in order to sell dearer, M the product. They all only earn a living for
C-M cannot be a constantly recurring and the whole family. Finally, there is a marked
universal process. Everybody cannot always increase in the intensity of labor. The harder
buy cheap and sell dear, because to buy is to the laborer works while he is in the factory,
sell and to sell is to buy. Speculation now the greater the surplus-value in the hands of
plays such an important rôle in the produc the company. It is the introduction of
tion as well as the circulation of goods, dis machinery, through the application of science
honest gambling in cheating the ignorant to industry, which facilitates each of these
property-owner of a part at least of the methods, and at the same time greatly de-
value of his title is so prominent in business creases the price of commodities and thus the
methods to-day, that we lose sight of the true expenses of living or the cost of production of
character of trade as an exchange of equiva. the labor supply.
lents. We are particularly blind to the fun This, then, is the character of modern in-
damental nature of the contract relation of dustry: Long hours of hard labor ; a system
employer and employee, of the bargain be of relays by which night is turned into day
tween buyers and sellers of labor-power. This and day into night; over-work for the majority
latter is the one commodity, Marx holds, of men, women, and children, and enforced
which owners of money, or even those who idleness for an ever-increasing minority ; de-
hope to become such, can practically buy | creased standards of living alongside of a
cheap and sell dear, and thus obtain sur wonderful increase in the production of luxu-
plus-value,—which he defines as “the dif ries ; large permanent investments of capital;
ference between the value of the product cultivation of cheap labor and maintenance of
and the value of the elements consumed in a large servant class ; periodic congestions
the formation of that product; in other following feverish activity in industry and
words, of the means of production and the trade ; the extension of “domestic industry"
labor-power.” Wages, the price of labor. -a tragic contrast to its prototype of the last
power, can fluctuate between two extremes. century. Truly, a discouraging picture for
The increased value of the product, which be- | the laborer to look at. Certainly all must
longs entirely to the employer, is the max | recognize the depth of satire in calling him
imum; and the value of a definite quantity of free. Free, to sell himself and his family for
the means of subsistence which the laborer re- la morsel of bread! Free, to create surplus-
quires to “ live, labor, and generate,” is the value and provide a reservoir of disposable
minimum. Not only do wages naturally tend labor-power! Free, to join the industrial re-
toward this minimum, but under capitalist pro | serve army which increases with each advance
duction there are forces at work constantly in social accumulation ! Free, to become a
crowding this lower and lower. The rich capitalist !! What a parody on liberty and
grow richer and the poor poorer, through the freedom!
regular concentration of ownership, and, still But whither are we tending? What of the
more, of control of means of production in the future? The present is hardly a state of
hands of a few and the systematic robbery of stable industrial equilibrium. It is common
the laborer of the surplus-value created. to anticipate great changes. But have we
“ The production of surplus-value, or the ex reached the end of a cycle, a turning-point or
traction of surplus-labor, is the specific end and fork in the road, when the life-process of
aim, the sum and substance, of capitalist pro society requires marked differentiation in
duction.” “Capital is dead labor, that, vam social structure, an entire readjustment of
pire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, social relations and institutions before the
and lives the more, the more labor it sucks.” dawn of the twentieth century? Is bourgeois
Capitalist production makes possible a host of society an anachronisms. We cannot deny
social parasites. Historically, the first gain, be | that this is “a passing stage in the economic
cause the simplest, arose through the gradual development of mankind," one of the “suc-
extension of the working day. The longer the cessive phases of its normal development."
laborer works for the capitalist beyond the Least of all will anyone be disposed to question
time necessary to produce the average daily | it who has carefully studied recent industrial
means of subsistence and replace the labor history, or attempted a systematic analysis of
power, the larger the mass of surplus-value in existing economic conditions ? There is noth-
corporated in the product. It was the purpose ing ideal or final in social evolution. This is
of the English Factory Acts to “curb the pas | the prophetic vision of the industrial age that
sion of capital for a limitless draining of labor is to come quickly: Along with the constantly
power, by forcibly limiting the working day diminishing number of the magnates of capi-
by state regulation.” Then came the employ- / tal (this expropriation of many capitalists by
ment of women and children. The larger the few), grows the mass of misery, oppression,
portion of the laborer's family which works in slavery, degradation, exploitation; but with
the mill, the greater will be the surplus-value in ' this, too, grows the revolt of the working-class,


1889.]
283
THE DIAL
a class always increasing in numbers, and dis abstract as a mathematical treatise, and far
ciplined, united, organized by the very mech-| more difficult to read. It is certainly most
anism of the process of capitalist production tedious to anyone except the careful student.
itself. The monopoly of capital becomes a If it is in truth the Bible of the working-
fetter upon the mode of production which has classes, one can readily understand the neces-
sprung up and flourished along with and un sity of a body of priests to interpret this
der it. Centralization of the means of produc- sealed and sacred book.
tion and socialization of labor at last reach a
ARTHUR B. WOODFORD.
point where they become incompatible with
their capitalist integument. This integument
is burst asunder. The knell of capitalist pri-
STUDIES OF INSECT LIFE.*
vate property sounds. The expropriators
are expropriated. Capitalist private property Sir John Lubbock has given us the latest
negatives individual private property, and the results of his study of the senses and senti-
socialistic state is the outgrowth; there, prop ments of the invertebrate animals—a line of
erty of the individual producer is based on the work in which he is an acknowledged master.
acquisitions of the capitalistic era,-i. e., on Few observers have shown such skill in
coöperation and the possession in common of experimentation in this most difficult field,
the land and of the means of production. The and perhaps no one has succeeded so well in
economic basis of the family has been removed “putting himself in the place” of the lower
by the industrial revolution of the nineteenth animals with a view to finding out what these
century, but we are left to imagine the domes creatures really know and feel. We have not
tic relations of the future.
space to enter into the details of the many
Fanciful as the socialistic state may seem to curious and instructive experiments made by
us; incomplete as Marx's treatment of the his the distinguished author, but some few of the
torical changes in the position of the laborer results arrived at may be summarized briefly.
since the fourteenth century, and of the forces The sense of touch is well represented
underlying these changes, may be; howsoever among the lower animals, and it is aided by
strongly biased is his analysis of our nine many structures—such as tactile hairs, spe-
teenth century civilization, the elements for cialized cells or groups of cells, roughness of
the formation of a new society and the forces the skin, etc. The sense of taste is, as a rule,
for exploding the old one; whatever may be our little developed in the invertebrates. It is
psychological predispositions regarding meth probably most perfect in the bees and their
ods of social reform, we yet must recognize relatives. In insects generally the organs of
the good done by “ Das Kapital” in arresting taste are certain modified hairs in or about
the attention of the thoughtless and instigat the mouth. The sense of smell in insects
ing a more thorough search for the unwritten seems to be seated in the antennæ, organs
history of mankind. We realize more fully which in their various forms serve also a
that man's inhumanity to man makes countless number of other purposes. Whether olfac-
thousands mourn; and are more ready to ap tory organs exist in other invertebrates is not
preciate the wisdom of seeking and consciously definitely known.
adopting rules of right social living. As an It is not an easy thing to decide whether
economist, Marx adopts exactly the same any animal among these lower forms can hear.
method followed by the classical school and Sir John Lubbock says:
their successors, the vulgar apologists of the
“In order to experiment on them we are often
bourgeoisie, for whom he has such a supreme obliged to place them in situations very unlike
contempt. It is hardly possible that he should those to which they are accustomed; and, secondly,
have avoided all the mistakes into which they it is by no means always easy to say whether they
fell; but he is certainly superior in the depth are affected by a real noise or whether they are
of his thought and the accuracy of reasoning
merely conscious of a concussion or vibration."
from the hypotheses assumed. As an historian, Very many insects, and a few crustaceans
he presents the social evolution of labor in and mollusks, have the power of producing
England since the fourteenth century, but in
sounds; and this power, when the sounds are
a very disjointed and one-sided manner, and all definite in character, implies some ability to
only by way of illustrating his theoretical hear them. In creatures as simple in structure
ideas. This portion of his work cannot be as certain jelly-fishes, auditory organs are now
favorably compared with that of Rogers, recognized. Auditory sacs are also present
Howell, or Toynbee. As a judge of existing in many mollusks and worms. In the crusta-
social arrangements and a prophet of the
* ON THE SENSES, INSTINCTS, AND INTELLIGENCE OF
industrial ages to come, he may have the voice
of one crying in the wilderness, but his preach Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D.,
Author of "Ants, Bees, and Wasps," " Prehistoric Times,"
ing is hardly calculated to draw all men unto
etc. With over one hundred illustrations. New York:
him. Laveleye has called “ Das Kapital ” as 1 D. Appleton & Co.
ANIMALS. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INSECTS. By


284 :
[March,
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ceans, the ear is located in the basal segment It is very probable that the lower animals
of the lesser antennæ. This ear is lined with may possess other senses, of which we have as
hairs, and contains a few grains of sand, placed yet no conception. As to this, Lubbock says:
there by the animal itself. “Evidently the “We have five senses, and sometimes fancy that
crustacea pick up grains of sand, and actually no others are possible. But it is obvious that we
introduce them into their own ears, to serve as cannot measure the infinite by our own narrow lim-
otolithes.” One crustacean, the shrimp-like itations. . . There may be fifty other senses as
mysis, has ears upon its tail. In insects, ears
different from ours as sound is from sight; and
are developed in various positions of the body
even within the boundaries of our own senses there
may be endless sounds which we cannot hear, and
-in the cricket, upon the legs; in some locusts,
colors as different as red from green, of which we
on the abdomen; while in numerous other
have no conception. . . The familiar world
insects different modifications of the antenna which surrounds us may be a totally different place
serve the purpose of hearing.
to other animals. To them, it may be full of
A large proportion of the invertebrates music which we cannot hear, of color which we
possess some sort of eyes. These vary in
cannot see, of sensations which we cannot conceive.
complexity from the simplest eye-specks,
To place stuffed birds and beasts in glass cases, to
arrange insects in cabinets and dried plants in
which can only distinguish between light and
drawers, is merely the drudgery and preliminary
darkness, to the complex compound eyes of
of study; to watch their habits, to study their
the fly or the bee, containing in some cases as instincts and intelligence, to ascertain their adap-
many as 25,000 eyes or facets. The image tations and their relations to the forces of nature,
produced by these eyes will be an aggregate to realize how the world appears to them,-these
of many minute images or points of light. constitute, as it seems to me at least, the true inter-
The mode of vision in such eyes is imperfectly
est of natural history, and may even give us the
understood. Lubbock adopts the view of
clue to senses and perceptions of which at present
we have no conception."
Johannes Müller, that " the picture perceived
David S. JORDAN.
by the insect will be a mosaic, in which the
number of points will correspond with the
number of facets.” It seems reasonably cer-
tain, in any event, that the great majority of
MATTHEW ARNOLD'S LATER CRITICISM.*
insects are near-sighted, distinguishing objects
with clearness only at a distance of from five to Some of the essays in Mr. Arnold's final
thirty feet. The simple eyes, or ocelli, of insects volume have been before the world for several
are still more myopic, and they are probably years. The essay “On the Study of Poetry”
“ useful in dark places and for near vision." may without exaggeration be called famous,
Numerous interesting experiments have and those on Byron and on Wordsworth are
been made by Lubbock on the power of almost equally well-known. The first is re-
insects to recognize colors. Bees certainly printed from Ward's “English Poets,” to which
distinguish colors, and show a marked pref it serves as a general introduction; the other
erence for blue and pink. The crustacean two are the introductions to the volumes of
Daphnia shows a similar liking for shades of selections from Byron and Wordsworth pub.
yellowish-green. Other experiments show lished some ten years ago by Mr. Arnold.
that certain animals perceive colors which are The essays on Gray and Keats are also re-
invisible to man. There are some at least printed from Ward's Anthology. The four
which can distinguish the rays known as ultra | remaining articles are the brief address on
violet-tbat is, the rays having still shorter Milton and the recent essays on Shelley,
vibrations than those we recognize as violet.
Tolstoi, and Amiel. Of the essay “On the
Lubbock shows that in spite of the mar Study of Poetry" it may suffice to remark
vellous intelligence shown by bees, their that no other writer bas succeeded in formu-
power of adaptation to new conditions is very | lating the tests by which the best poetry may
limited. In face of unexpected emergencies be distinguished from the second-best and the
they are often very stupid. Thus, a bee will inferior, so precisely as Mr. Arnold here
continue to store honey in a cell in which a formulates them. I think many will join me
large leak has been made, with apparently no in the opinion which I unhesitatingly express.
thought of mending the leak. It has been that there is nowhere else to be found an essay
generally believed that bees possess a peculiar | on this subject of anything like the same educa-
instinct or sense of direction, which enables | tional value.
them to take "a bee-line” to their homes The address on Milton is mainly devoted to
when carried to some distance away from it. the support of the proposition that “the
There seems to be no real foundation for this sure and flawless perfection of his rhythm
belief. Bees and other insects find their way and diction” makes his poetry a peculiarly
by the recognition of familiar objects or land precious instrument for the education of the
marks, and are hopelessly lost if none of these
*ESSAYS IN CRITICISM. SECOND SERIES. By Matthew
are in sight.
Arnold. New York: Macmillan & Co.


1889.)
285
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Anglo-Saxon race. Mr. Arnold thinks that before what he calls the Great Amphictyonic
one of our chief dangers lies in our defective Court of European opinion, and with the in-
sense for pefection of work, and it is to Milton stinct of an expert advocate he confines
far more even than to Shakespeare that we are himself to one paradox at a time. To the
to look for “the discipline of respect for a Anglo-Saxon race Wordsworth offers“ blessed
high and flawless excellence." If the host of consolations in distress” that make the reading
readers, present and future, who will never be of his poetry a religious act of the highest
able to read the Greek and Latin classics “are value. But that defective sense of art in
ever to gain any sense of the power and charm Wordsworth which made it possible for Mr.
of the great poets of antiquity, their way to Arnold to do him a service by cutting him to
gain it is not through translations of the pieces,—not to speak of his solemnity and his
ancients, but through the original poetry of want of humor,-makes the day appear far
Milton, who has the like power and charm, distant when the great world-public shall
because he has the like great style.”
value his work above Schiller's, for instance,
Concerning Gray Mr. Arnold says almost or above Byron's, or Victor Hugo's, or even
the last word of criticism; although the essay Shelley's.
is less full and genial than Mr. Lowell's de. Readers of the essays on Wordsworth, By-
lightful study of this author, it is no less ron, and Shelley should not deny themselves
illuminating and suggestive. Gray was as the amusement of reading the criticism of
phyxiated by the prosaic atmosphere of his Mr. Arnold's estimates of these poets in Mr.
time and found relief only in scholarship; the Swinburne's essay on “Wordsworth and By-
failure of sympathy in his contemporaries not ron.” Mr. Arnoid cannot well get on without
only stinted the quantity of his poetic pro a text of some kind, and in a hapless hour
duction but impaired its quality also. And he chose, as the principal text of his study of
Gray is suggestively compared to the author Byron, a phrase of Mr. Swinburne's: “ the
of the “Analogy.” “A sort of spiritual east excellence of sincerity and strength.” Mr.
wind was at that time blowing; neither But Swinburne cannot deny the quotation, but he
ler nor Gray could flower. They never spoke immediately relinquishes his right to it in
out." Thus it is that with all his rare powers, | favor of Mr. Arnold and proceeds to bury the
_"his equipment and endowment for the fame of Byron beneath a lava-stream of
office of poet,”—Gray finds his freest expres heated denunciation. Byron is “of all re-
sion not in poetry at all but in his letters, and membered poets the most wanting in distinc-
in them Mr. Arnold studies him.
tion of any kind," and the most that critical
Keats also is studied in his letters, and the leniency can do is not to place Southey above
underbred tone of “relaxed self-abandonment" | him. It must, I think, be admitted Mr. Ar-
in the “ Letters to Fanny Brawne” is duly in- | nold fails to make out his case for Byron,
dicated. Mr. Arnold makes a salutary protest although Mr. John Morley bears weighty
against the “pawing and fondness” of certain testimony on the same side. However much
admirers of Keats who concentrate atten- one may be impressed with Byron's strength,
tion upon what in him is least wholesome and surely it is not to any preëminent excellence
most questionable.” In opposition to them of sincerity that he chiefly owes his great
our critic emphasises the essential manliness fame. Mr. Arnold admits that he had his
of the poet's character. No one has praised affectations and his silliness, that he was in
his poetry better. Poetry interprets life and his everyday life flippant, theatrical, and in
the world to us in two ways: there is a moral many ways open to criticism. Nevertheless
interpretation and there is a naturalistic inter- the fact that Byron not only waged war upon
pretation. And in one of these two great the Philistinism of the English middle-class,
modes of interpretation, “in what we call but that he turned his back upon his own aris-
natural magic, he ranks with Shakespeare.” tocratic class as well, has great weight with
Of Mr. Arnold's essay on Wordsworth there Mr. Arnold, who quotes Professor Nichol's
are many opinions. That it is one of his best fine saying that Byron maintained with su-
pieces of writing and that it contains much perb energy “the struggle that keeps alive, if
that is sound and weighty, surely no one will it does not save, the soul.” It is very doubt-
venture to deny. Among the poets of Chris- ful whether the complex of motives that
tendom he will admit that but five are moved Byron to revolt, and that braced him
Wordsworth's equals or superiors: “Dante, to resist the British atmospheric pressure to-
Shakespeare, Molière, Milton, Goethe.” The ward conformity, was as sincerely unselfish
reader who remembers that Mr. Arnold, in at as Mr. Arnold thinks ; and even were his
least one earlier essay, found Molière's prose political and social sincerity unimpeachably
work more satisfactory than his verse, will proved, little would be gained in the direction
wonder why the critic is careful to include of proving him “in the main greater than all
the French dramatist in this high company. | the rest of English poets." Mr. Arnold and
But Mr. Arnold is pleading for Wordsworth | Mr. John Morley keenly sympathise with


286
[March,
THE DIAL
Byron's revolutionary attitude, and this sym- cerity, an “entire disinterestedness and sim-
pathy insensibly warps their judgment. The plicity” in the representation of human life, a
best praise of Mr. Arnold's suggestive study faculty, moreover, of powerfully delineating
is, however, his rare disinterestedness, which passions to which the artist is victoriously
enables him to quote and to explain Scherer's superior. The famous English novelists are
assertion that Byron posed all his life, and gone ; the French are possessed by the spirit
Goethe's dictum that “as soon as he reflects of hard observation and are votaries of the
he is a child.”
“goddess Lubricity," whose service “petrifies
The essay on Shelley is little more than an the feeling.” This point is illustrated by a
acute review of Dowden's life of that poet, comparison of “Anna Karenina ” with “Ma-
closing with a postponement of literary criti dame Bovary,” much to the disadvantage of
cism. In the prefatory note Lord Coleridge Flaubert's masterpiece: “Madame Bovary,'
informs us that Mr. Arnold had intended to with this taint, is a work of petrified feeling."
write something more; “not, indeed, to alter The latter part of the essay is devoted to
or qualify what he said, but to say some a brief exposition and criticism of Count
thing else which he thought also true, and Tolstoi's remarkable religious views and prac-
which needed saying.” What this something tices. Mr. Arnold is, as might be expected,
else would have been we can only conjecture; much attracted by this phase of Tolstoi's
wbat he did say was that “in poetry, no less character, whose chief fault, he seems to
than in life, Shelley is a beautiful and inef- | think, is a want of the temper of Jesus, “his
fectual angel, beating in the void his lumi. temper of sweetness and reasonableness."
nous wings in vain.” It was this and similar “Count Tolstoi sees rightly that whatever the
deliverances concerning Shelley, in the essay propertied and satisfied classes may think, the
on Byron, that provoked Swinburne's whim-world ever since Jesus Christ came is judged;
sical attack upon Arnold, to which I have a new earth’ is in prospect.” But Jesus paid
referred. “It is a singular certainty," says tribute to the government, dined with the
Swinburne, “ that, on the subject of Shelley, publicans, and was, in short, a disinterested
this noble poet and brilliant critic has never opportunist. The secret of Jesus does not lie
got beyond what may be called the 'Johnny | in a command to be outwardly followed, but
Keats' stage of criticism.” Mr. Swinburne's I in " an idea to work in our mind and soul."
criticism can, in general, no more be compared | Tolstoi, on the other hand, resolves Christian-
with Matthew Arnold's, than Mr. Swinburne's | ity into a system of maxims and considers the
incontinence of diction can be compared with Sermon on the Mount “as the ultimate sum
Matthew Arnold's chiselled precision. But with and formula into which Christianity may be
respect to Shelley Mr. Swinburne is, if not run up.” Mr. Arnold therefore regards with
right, still (in Mr. Saintsbury's happy phrase) disfavor Count Tolstoi's “ trenchant solution”
“ in a more saving way of wrongness” than of the problem how to live, and thinks that
the great critic. At least all the indications he might with advantage return to the work
now are that Shelley must increase and Byron of the poet and artist.
decrease, and that Mr. Arnold's one attempt The last essay in the volume is devoted to
at prophecy concerning the two nineteenth | Amiel. Speaking of his own volume of selec-
century poets who shall be accepted by the tions from Byron, Mr. Arnold had said:
twentieth century, was an unfortunate beg “ Surely the critic who does most for his
ging of the question.
author is the critic who gains readers for his
Nothing could well be more interesting than | author himself.” I do not think that his
to know what the author of “Literature and treatment of Amiel performs such a service
Dogma” would think of Count Leo Tolstoi, for this philosophic dreamer. It was long, he
and here Mr. Arnold does not disappoint our tells us, before he could bring himself to read
expectation. He begins by pointing out that Amiel's Journal, which he does not regard as
the Russians, like the Americans, are “marked a tonic book. Afterward, however, he be-
by an extreme sensitiveness, a consciousness came much interested in Amiel, and this essay,
most quick and acute” of themselves and of although far from being in his best vein, is
the world. But the American Talmudist rep still eminently worth reading. It is noticeable
resents his god as saying: “Hitherto the | that Mr. Arnold disparages Amiel's psycho-
English is my best race; put in one drop more logical powers, which other critics had agreed
of nervous fluid and make the American." | in thinking so wonderful, and that in his
Such self-glorification is not the right path to opinion Amiel clearly missed his vocation,-
a great literature, a serious art; from the that of literary criticism.
Russians, accordingly, who do not assuage Whatever we may think of Amiel, surely
their sensitiveness in this way, there is more, all will agree that criticism, literary, social,
to be hoped than from the Americans. In and religious, was the field of Matthew Ar-
the Russian novelists, and especially in nold's freest, most spontaneous, most original
Tolstoi, Mr. Arnold discovers a childlike sin. I activity. Many will fail to agree with him


1889.)
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upon this or that topic; many will deplore his “current of fresh and true ideas” had begun
excursions into politics and religion as a waste to flow and to transform certain waste places
of time and a misapplication of precious was reward enough,-it was more than he had
powers. Few of those who have any interest | hoped.
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON.
in literature proper but will wish that he had
given us more, much more, literary criticism.
In a sense what he says of Amiel may be
true of him, that he failed to recognize his LANG'S LETTERS ON LITERATURE.*
appointed vocation. Literary criticism, in
reality, occupied but a very subordinate place In writing the preface to the second edi.
in a busy life devoted to a profession, to scholar-
tion of his delightful “ Letters to Dead
ship, to religious controversy, and to many
Authors,” Mr. Lang was minded of the many
and wide interests. Had he but written more compositions with which he desired to burden
of equal quality he might easily have attained the Dead Letter Office, and he promised some
that undisputed rank among us which Sainte day to offer another volume of these essays.
Beuve occupies among the French.
This volume has now made its appearance.
I have been much impressed by the remark
Instead of being addressed to the several
of a learned friend who urges that Matthew authors treated, however, the letters in the
Arnold discovered nothing. What, it might be present volume are indited to people of fancy,
retorted, did Francis Bacon discover? It was the object of the author being “to discuss a
enough for him, he said, to be a bell-ringer to few literary topics with more freedom and
better wits,—to be but as an image in a cross personal bias than might be permitted in a
way, “that may point the way but cannot go
graver kind of essay." The first two essays
it.” Without comparing Matthew Arnold are on Modern English Poetry; then follow
with a man of such transcendent powers as
letters on Fielding, Longfellow, A Friend of
Bacon, it may be suggested that, so far as in Keats (John Hamilton Reynolds), Virgil,
him lay, Arnold performed a similar service
Aucassin and Nicolette, Plotinus, Lucretius,
for his generation. Enough for him to be,
Rochefoucauld, Vers de Société, Richardson,
like Bacon, the relentless critic of an old order
Gérard de Nerval, Books about Red Men,
of things and the confident prophet of a bet and a brotherly epistle “ To a Young Ameri-
ter day. When, moreover, he defined criticism
can Bookhunter."
as “the disinterested endeavor to learn and
In his discussion of Modern English Poetry,
propagate the best that is known and thought
Mr. Lang touches upon the work of the Lau-
in the world, and thus to establish a current
reate, of Mr. Browning, Mr. Swinburne, Mr.
of fresh and true ideas," the saying had all
Matthew Arnold, Mr. William Morris, and Mr.
the effect of a discovery,-it gave new mean Robert Bridges. The last-named is intro-
ing, breadth, dignity, to the art of criticism. duced to American readers and students of
Again, when he defined, not poetry, but “the poetry probably for the first time,-though
most essential part of poetic greatness," as stray copies of his Poems (from Mr. Daniel's
consisting in “the noble and profound appli private press in Oxford), of his “Prometheus
cation of ideas to life, under the conditions the Firegiver” and “Eros and Psyche,” if
fixed for us by the laws of poetic beauty and
not of his tragedy “Nero,” had fallen into
poetic truth,” he was, it seems to me, as nearly
the hands of a few collectors and students in
creative as it is possible for a critic to become.
America. It is unfortunate for lovers of
At all events, he was in the highest degree poetry that the books of Mr. Bridges are so
fruitful and suggestive. That no more than scarce and hard to come by. “This poet,”
this can be said of Francis Bacon's best utter-
Mr. Lang tells us, “never writes in magazines;
ances, when divested of their scientific para his books have not appealed to the public by
phernalia, is sufficient praise for a “plain man," any sort of advertisement, only two or three
such as Matthew Arnold wished to have him of them have come forth in the regular way.”
self considered. To break down a protective Even in his shorter pieces Mr. Lang finds,
tariff on moral and social ideas, to puncture “besides their verbal beauty and their charm-
the bladder of cockney conceit, to demon ing pictures, a manly philosophy of Life;"
strate to the “imperial race" that its sense of and, in brief, he owes so much pleasure to the
beauty was starved, its manners odious, its delicate air of Mr. Bridges' verse, that if his
intellectual life barren, its religious code op. | introduction here “be impertinence, silence
posed to the instinct of self-preservation in were ingratitude."
humanity, was a task from which even a The work of Robert Browning has been so
Bacon might have shrunk. Who can calmly carefully weighed and considered by Mr.
survey the intellectual history of England for Lang in an able and widely read article which
the past thirty years and assert that Matthew lately appeared in an American magazine,
Arnold's courageous and systematic attempt
* LETTERS ON LITERATURE. By Andrew Lang. New
has entirely failed? That before his death his | York: Longmans, Green, & Co.


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that it seems hardly necessary to do more | no modest lady should ever make.” But who
than note here that Mr. Lang has little sym that has read - Tom Jones" and the rest is not
pathy with the many worshippers “who willing to accept Mr. Lang's dictum that “our
make it a kind of religion to regard Mr. only way of dealing with Fielding's morality
Browning as the greatest of living English | is to take the best of it and leave the remain-
poets. . . . . The charm of an enigma | der alone ?”
now attracts students who feel proud of being The letter on Longfellow gives almost the
able to understand what others find obscure. only genuine note of praise that has been
But this attraction must inevitably become a sounded from abroad in behalf of that pure and
stumbling-block.” For the earlier pieces of | gentle spirit. One longs to quote entire this
this poet, however, Mr. Lang gives a full meed | little essay, which must prove both grateful and
of praise; but he is inclined to believe that comforting to the native admirer of him whose
“ impartial posterity” will hardly rate him
with the Laureate. As to the latter, he wisely memory. Perhaps it is not too much to say
says:
that in his felictious way, Mr. Lang treats
“Let us attempt to get rid of every bias, and, Longfellow with as much tenderness and deli-
thinking as dispassionately as we can, we still cacy, in the “ Letters on Literature," as he
seem to read the name of Tennyson in the golden showed toward Thackeray and Poe in his
book of English poetry. I cannot think that he “ Letters to Dead Authors.” He says:
will ever fall to a lower place, or be among those
“What an interesting tract might be written by
whom only curious students pore over, like Gower,
anyone who could remember, and honestly describe,
Drayton, Donne, and the rest. Lovers of poetry
will always read him as they will read Wordsworth,
the impressions that the same books have made on
him at different ages. There is Longfellow, for
Keats, Milton, Coleridge, and Chaucer. Look his
example. I have not read much in him for twenty
defects in the face, throw them into the balance,
and how they disappear before his merits! He is
years. I take him up to-day, and what a flood of
memories his music brings with it! To me it is like
the last and youngest of the mighty race, born, as
a sad autumn wind blowing over the woods, blow-
it were, out of due time, late, and into a feebler
ing over the empty fields, bringing the scents of
generation."
October, the song of a belated bird, and here and
For the poetry of the late Matthew Arnold, there a red leaf from the tree. There is that autum-
we find that Mr. Lang has all of an Oxford nal sense of things fair and far behind, in his poetry,
man's regard. And students and admirers of
or if it is not there, his poetry stirs it in our for-
Mr. Arnold, whose lines “murmur in our
saken lodges of the past. Yes, it comes to one out
memory through all the stress and accidents
of one's boyhood; it breathes of a world very
vaguely realisedma world of imitative sentiments
of life," must echo the feeling of Mr. Lang,
and forebodings of hours to come. Perhaps Long-
who, if he were to “write out of mere per-
fellow first woke me to that later sense of what
sonal perference, and praise most that which poetry means, which comes with early manhood.”
best fits one's private moods," would place Mr.
Mr. Lang does not agree with those who
Arnold at the head of contemporary English
tell us that the “ Psalm of Life" is as good as
poets-though “reason and reflection, discus-
a sermon; “it is not even coherent." But
sion and critical judgment, tell one that he
comparing a strain from “ The Reaper and
is not quite there." Unlike the Laureate and
the Flowers ” with one from Gautier's “ Châ-
Mr. Browning, “the surest-footed” of our
teau de Souvenir,” he asks of his correspondent
poets, as Mr. Swinburne calls Arnold, when
"Which poet brings the break into the reader's
he detected a waning power, knew when and
voice? It is not the dainty, accomplished French-
where to stop. In his poetry we find none of
man, the jeweller in words; it is the simpler speaker
the “creeping prose,” which, as Mr. Lang says, of our English tongue that stirs you as a ballad
“invades even "Tintern Abbey.""
moves you."
In the letter on Fielding, we find ourselves
His choice among the longer pieces is “ Hia-
much entertained by Mr. Lang's humorous
watha," which he finds
reference to the comparative popularity in the
“Full of sympathy with men and women, nature,
Upper Mississippi Valley of the works of the
beasts, birds, weather and wind and snow. Every-
eighteenth century novelist with those of the thing lives with a human breath, as everything
late Rev. E. P. Roe. In this district the latter should live in a poem concerned with these wild
seems to bear the palm by an overwhelming folk, to whom all the world, and all in it, is personal
majority. “A thousand of his books are sold as themselves.”
for every two copies of the works of Henry | In his letter on Virgil, which seems to have
Fielding,” says Mr. Lang. Whereupon he is been written in reply to an inquiry concerning
minded of the story of Dr. Johnson and Miss | that author's merit, rather than because of
Hannah More. The latter had alluded to | any real affection for him or his work, we find
some witty passages in “Tom Jones," when Mr. Lang making a most remarkable confes-
the former replied: “I am shocked to hear | sion—a dislike for olives and claret, two
you quote from so vicious a book. I am sorry | harmless creatures. But he is such a humorist
to hear you have read it, a confession which' that we hardly know when such confessions


1889.]
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"For babies roseate of hue
are sincere; as, for instance, when he says he has made mistakes, and at the same time
that he fears he will never see America, unless lets us into the secret of his likes and dislikes.
physicians, of whom he suffers many things, “You can hardly ever get a novel of Jane
send him here. Yet elsewhere he says if he Austen's in the first edition,” he tells us.
were a bachelor he would emigrate to America “She is rarer than Fielding or Smollett.
to-morrow, being very sick of the present Some day it may be the same in Miss Brough-
stage of the European Revolution. And again ton's case. Cling to the fair and witty Jane,
he says:
if you get a chance.”
In the essay on “ Books about Red Men,"
I do not always care."
Mr. Lang dares to be almost as humorous as
Yet we find him continually writing fairy
he can. He has been interested in Red
stories and editing books of fairy mythology.
Indians since he was eight and read Cooper.
The letters on Aucassin and Nicolette, and
He is glad to hear that his nephew at Eton
on Gérard de Nerval's “Sylvie," must be
likes “She," and hastens to assure him that
passed lightly over. It may be said that they
though the heroine was over two thousand
are quite as idyllic in their way as are the two
years old, “She" is a true story. There is a
Provençal romances themselves, and their
bit of autobiography in this essay that is
charm can be fully felt only by a perusal of
decidedly amusing, and tends to show that
them. The letter on Richardson, Mr. Lang
the young would-be Indian-hunters have not
tells us, is “by a lady more frequently the
all lived in America. Mr. Lang tells us that
author's critic than his collaborator."
at an early age he bought a tomahawk, and
The letter on Lucretius carries us into a dif-
as he had also lots of spears and boomerangs
ferent age, and deals with a subject which
from Australia, the poultry used to have
must now occupy a goodly portion of Mr.
rather a rough time of it. “I never could do
Lang's time since he has a lectureship on
very much with a boomerang,” he goes on,
the History of Religion, at St. Andrew's Uni-
“but I could throw a spear to a hair's breadth,
versity, Scotland. He assures us that
as many a chicken had occasion to discover.
• “ The De Rerum Natura was written for no other
... I also made a stone pipe, like Hiawa-
purpose than to destroy Religion, as Lucretius
tha's, but I never could drill a hole in the
understood it, to free men's minds from all dread
as to future punishment, all hope of Heaven, all dread
stem, so it did not draw' like a civilized
or desire for the interference of the gods in this
pipe.” He offers to lend his nephew the best
mortal life of ours on earth. For no other reason
book he ever came across about Red Indians
did Lucretius desire to know the causes of called “A Narrative of the Captivity and
things,' except that the knowledge would bring Adventures of John Tanner, during Thirty
emancipation,' as people call it, from the gods, to Years' Residence among the Indians;” but
whom men had hitherto stood in the relation of
he requests “young hopeful” to illustrate it
the Roman son to the Roman sire, under the patria
on separate sheets of paper, and not to make
potestas or in manu patris. . . . . .
True, as early as Homer, we hear of the shadowy
drawings on the pages of the book.
existence of the souls, and of the torments endured
Mr. Oscar Wilde, who lately announced his
by the notably wicked; by impious ghosts, or opinion of the prose of the day, which he has
tyrannical, like Sisyphus and Tantalus. But when found “terribly dull and cumbrous,” “heavy
we read the opening books of the Republic,' we | in movement and uncouth or exaggerated in
find the educated friends of Socrates treating these
expression,” mentions, among the masters in
terrors as old-wives' fables. They have heard,
English prose, Matthew Arnold, “who is a
they say, that such notions circulate among the
model,” George Meredith, “ who is a warn-
people, but they seem never for a moment to have
themselves believed in a future of rewards and
ing,” Mr. Lang, “who is the divine amateur."
punishments."
We do not quite understand this remark as it
We can derive no more consolation from this
applies to Mr. Lang. It may have reference
philosophy than from the teaching of Mr.
to his versatility. Certainly no other living
Ingersoll, and one must be led to conclude,
English author could have written the “ Let-
with Mr. Lang, that
ters to Dead Authors." But Mr. Lang's style
" It is an almost intolerable philosophy, the phi-
is never better than when it is his own. And
losophy of eternal sleep, without dreams and with-
we find it in all that he does (that is not imi-
out awakening. This belief is wholly divorced
tative), whether it be an essay on Gerard de
from Joy, which inspires all the best art. This Nerval or a treatise on Comparative Mythol.
negation of hope has close-lipped Patience for ogy. That acute critic and genial essayist,
its only friend.""
Mr. Birrell, has said in his suggestive essay on
The letter “ To a Young American Book « The Office of Literature," that “authors
Hunter” proffers much good advice, but ought not to be above being reminded that it
bibliomaniacs do not always heed advice nor is their duty to write agreeably. ....
do they profit by the experience and mis- | Every author, be he grave or gay, should try
fortune of others. Mr. Lang does not even to make his book as ingratiating as possible.
take his own advice; but he shows us where I Nobody is under any obligation to read any


290
[March,
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other man's book. Literature exists to please, are especially due? The evidence in hand is
-to lighten the burden of men's lives ; to better calculated to justify the more modest
make them for a short while to forget their estimate of his character which Mr. Justice
sorrows and their sins, their silenced hearths, Mathews gives. Mr. Conway says:
their disappointed hopes, their grim features ;
"The student of our constitutional history, look-
and those men of letters are the best loved
ing back through the vista of a century, sees in the
who have best performed literature's truest
chain of causes which led to our union, two links
specially salient: one was the Annapolis Conven-
office.” The books of Mr. Lang, at least in
tion which convinced men representing divergent
the humble judgment of those who have read
views and interests that they could unite for mutual
him most, come as near, perhaps, as those of aid. The other was the consent of Washington to
any other living author to fulfilling the mis attend the Philadelphia Convention, securing for
sion of literature as outlined by Mr. Birrell. its work the sanction of his powerful name. Both
It is not necessary to our enjoyment that we of these were primarily due to Randolph."
should agree with him in all things ; and if to The argument seems to be : The Constitution
some who have not read him curiously or would not have been formed without Wash-
much, he does seem to possess a too “ dainty ington's presence at the Philadelphia Conven-
and learned habit” that is not wholly appreci tion; it was through Randolph's influence
ated, such a possession can hardly be counted that he attended ; ergo — It is often easy to
a fault. From the abundance of his knowl. say, but hard to prove, that something would
edge he replenishes our meager store; he | not have happened unless something else had
sharpens our wits; he presents us to new happened. They who cannot believe tbat our
acquaintances, and increases our enjoyment Constitution sprang, Minerva-like, perfect from
of the old. He unobtrusively instructs us the brain of the Philadelphia Convention, but
while seemingly bent only on our entertain who hold that it was rather a gradual growth,
ment. And this is done with a gentleness of will hardly assent to the conclusion of this
tone, and a felicity and simplicity of expres syllogism. But what was Randolph's direct
sion, that win attention to his words and charm influence upon the Constitution ? “His repub-
us as we listen.
licanism was of a type for which the world
The volume containing the “Letters on Lit was hardly ripe. He desired a govern-
erature” is dressed in a simple dark cover of ment much like what the present House of
stout buckram, and is well printed on paper Commons would be without a monarch or an
of good quality and with ample margins. One hereditary house.” The difference between a
may say of it, as was said of the “ Letters to constitution like this and the one actually
Dead Authors," from the same pen, and even adopted, added to the fact that Randolph was
more appropriately, “in a small space is the one of the three who steadfastly refused to
bloom of many books."
sign the Constitution, throws some doubt upon
W. IRVING WAY. Mr. Conway's claim as to Randolph's influence
upon the initiation of that document. Doubt-
less his position in the Virginia Convention,
OMITTED CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN
though inconsistent, had much to do with
Virginia's ratification. From a recusant at
HISTORY.*
the Philadelphia Convention he shortly became
It can hardly be doubted, as Mr. Conway an ardent supporter of the Constitution in the
says, that “the nation knows little of a very Virginia Convention which ratified it. This
interesting figure of its early history”; or that, inconsistency pointed the arrow with which
to quote Mr. Justice Mathews (page 142), Ed Patrick Henry pierced him in that memorable
mund Randolph “was certainly a most inter debate. He replied that in the union the
esting character, and played a very important enemies of the Constitution as it then stood
part in that period of our history which above might hope to have their ideas incorporated
all others deserves study.” But his career, in it by way of amendments.
although so brilliant, came suddenly to an | But does this work solve the great Randolph
end, and was soon almost forgotten. To res enigma ? In 1795 he retired from his position
cue the name and fame of this statesman from as Secretary of State with a stigma upon his
oblivion, is Mr. Conway's object in writing name which still remains. Was he, or was he
this book. This would seem to be a sufficient not, guilty of secret agreement with the notori-
raison d'être for the work ; but does not his
ous French minister, Fauchet? Washington's
biographer claim just a little too much for him administration was a critical period in Ameri-
in saying, as he does, that to Randolph the
can history. It was Randolph's duty as Secre-
initiation and ratification of the Constitution tary of State to aid the President in facing
*OMITTED CHAPTERS OF HISTORY. Disclosed in The the tremendous difficulty of keeping America
Life and Papers of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Vir neutral in the war then imminent between
ginia, First Attorney-General of the United States, Sec.
England and France. This difficulty was
of State. By Moncure D, ('onway. New York:
G. P. Putnam's sons.
I brought to a head when to the famous British


1889.]
291
THE DIAL
Treaty was added a proviso to the effect that substantially what Madison indicates. In a
during the war with France the United States | letter to James Monroe, dated Jan. 26, 1796
should not export to Europe any of her own (see Madison's works, II : 74), Madison writes:
staple products or those of the West Indies. “ His (Randolph's) greatest enemies will not
“Unconditional ratification” was the clamor of | easily persuade themselves that he was under
the “British” party; but the indignant Repub- a corrupt influence of France, and his best
licans asked, “Shall America help starve the friends cannot save him from the self-condem-
nation which aided her in gaining independ- nation of his political career, as explained by
ence ?” Randolph urged Washington not himself."
WALTER P. STRADLEY.
to sign the treaty save on condition of the re-
vocation of the obnoxious proviso. The
President, seemingly yielding to the Secre-
tary's advice, asked him to prepare a memorial
RECENT FICTION.*
requesting the British government to withdraw
The composition of a work of fiction is
the proviso. Several days later, with never a
something to which most distinguished men
word to Randolph, Washington signed the
seem to come, sooner or later, at the present
treaty unconditionally. Meanwhile, Fauchet,
day. So it is with little surprise that we find
in a dispatch to his government, had insinu-
the name of Dr. Benjamin Ward Richardson
ated some damaging charges against the
upon the title-page of a recent novel. His
Secretary of State. Captured on a French
book is called “The Son of a Star,” and is a
vessel, homeward-bound, by a British ship, the
semi-historical romance of the Emperor Had-
dispatch fell into the hands of the British
rian and the Jewish revolt during his reign.
minister, who lost no time in making its con-
The scene is laid in Britain, Rome, and Pales-
tents known to Randolph's enemies, the
tine. Dr. Richardson has lent a romantic
“British” party in the Cabinet. Washington
glamour to the production by the introduction
knew about the intercepted dispatch, but,
of several mysterious personalities who, while
strange to say, the Secretary was summoned,
their lives and deeds verge upon the supernat-
without a moment's warning, to answer the
ural, come yet within the bounds of possibility
charges before the Cabinet. There was no-
as conceived by a daring imagination. The
thing left for him to do but to resign. With
“ son of a star " is a foundling whose life is
some bitter words to Washington (was this the
overshadowed by mysterious prophecies which
unpardonable sin ?) he immediately handed
point to his future greatness as the deliverer
in his resignation.
of the Jewish people; in other words, as the
This specific charge against the “suppressed
object of that fervent Messianic hope which,
statesman,” that he was in secret agreement
for a considerable period, inspired the He-
with the French minister, we think Mr. Con-
brew race, chafing under the yoke of the con-
way has succeeded in answering; but, while
queror. He is represented as springing from
we may admit that he has vindicated Ran- | the union of the Emperor Trajan with a Jewish
dolph's personal honor, we must say that he
priestess, and as presenting, in form and
has left his political character enigmatical
feature, a startling likeness of his illustrious
still. Mr. Conway thinks that Jefferson's was father. After a series of highly-thrilling ad-
the hand that marred the fair fame of the
ventures in various parts of the world, he
Secretary's character. Jefferson, while seem-
advances to the destiny marked out for him,
ingly friendly to the man who succeeded him
as Secretary of State, insinuated in letters to
* THE SON OF A STAR. A Romance of the Second Cen.
tury. By Benjamin Ward Richardson. New York:
friends that he was a chameleon, and changed
his policy to suit his environment. However IN FAR LOCHABER. By William Black. New York:
this may be, history has said that Randolph
Harper & Brothers.
THE DESPOT OF BROOMSEDGE COVE. By Charles Eg.
was not a political success. Attempts like
bert Craddock. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
this to set aside the verdict of history rarely
CRESSY. By Bret Harte. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
succeed. As might be expected from his RALEIGH WESTGATE; OR, EPIMENIDES IN MAINE. By
former works, Mr. Conway has written a read-
Helen Kendrick Johnson. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE TORY'S DAUGHTER. A Romance of the North.
able book, but, if tested by the object he set
West. 1812 1813. By 1. G. Riddle. New York: G. P. Put.
for himself, hardly a successful one. With nam's Sons.
the new material at his command, he has put ILIAX; OR, THE ('URSE OF THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH OF
ron. By Chaplain James J. Kane,U.S.X. Philadelphia:
Washington's administration in much clearer
J. B. Lippincott Co.
light than it was before, but so far as Ran THE PECKSTER PROFESSORSHIP. An Episode in the
dolph is concerned, this only seems to deepen History of Psychical Research. By J. P. Quincy. Boston:
the shadow of his political life. While the
Houghton, Mimin & Co.
GERTRUDE'S MARRIAGE. By W. Heimburg. 'Translated
portrait, here so well drawn, of this singularly
from the German, by Mrs. J.W. Davis. New York: Worth.
gifted, cultured, and learned, and yet withal ington Co.
self-conscious man, is pleasing, the verdict of
THE COURT OF CHARLES IV. Romance of the Esco.
rial. By B. Perez Galdos. From the Spanish, by Clara
history in regard to him will doubtless remain' Bell. New York: William S. Gottsberger.
Longmans, Green & Co.


292
[March,
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and leads the Jews to a revolt, successful for fresh and entertaining as some of the best of
the time. The end, of course, is what his- | its predecessors. The situation may be de-
tory requires it should be, the suppression of scribed as that of "A Daughter of Heth”
the rebellious race; but the hero who has reversed. In that exquisite romance the hero-
played the part of Messiah is spared to end ine, a woman accustomed to a life of which
his days with his beloved Erine, in the west enjoyment was believed to be at least one of
ern island of “Peace and Beauty,"—the the aims, found herself suddenly thrown
Juverna of the ancients, the Ireland of his among people who regarded pleasure as a
tory. A more ambitious piece of work than snare of Satan. In the present story, the
this romance has rarely been undertaken, even heroine is a girl educated among the sternest
by a professional romancer. Dr. Richardson of Puritan influences, whose life is suddenly
has worked upon an even larger canvas than transplanted to a sunnier region. The scene
the author of “Hypatia,” of “Salammbo,” is laid, of course, in Mr. Black's own dear
or of “Ein Kampf um Rom.” He has brought Highlands, and both his poetical interpreta-
to the work, too, considerable talents, although tion of nature and his hearty philosophy of
far less constructive power than is displayed life appear at their best in its pages. The
in either of the three works thus cited for humorous diversion is supplied by an impish
comparison. His historical reading in rela Highland lad named Johnny, who looks upon
tion to the period seems to have been wide the world as his own particular oyster, de-
but desultory, and in one case he makes the signed mainly to provide amusement for him-
astonishing blunder of putting the reign of self. He forms one of the brightest and most
Marcus Aurelius antecedent to that of Tra original figures in Mr. Black's extensive gal-
jan (p. 61). His most daring historical feat lery. The religious motive which is at the
is performed in connection with Antinous, basis of the action is used with considerable
whom he represents as a Jewish maiden, | skill.
known to be such by the emperor, by whose Miss Murfree's latest work, “ The Despot of
commands she assumes the masculine garb, Broomsedge Cove," is constructed upon
and who, after disappearing in the Nile at familiar lines, and differs mainly from its
Heliopolis, reappears in her proper person, as predecessors in being very much longer than
an inspired prophetess and leader of her peo any of them. It is, we think, too long for
ple! This will sufficiently illustrate the its purpose, which is the relation of a compar-
extent to which the author has allowed him atively simple story. A reader must possess
self to be carried away by imagination. more than the usual endowment of patience
Among the fine things of the book-for it is to attentively peruse the long descriptions
fine, in episodes—are the delineation of the and dialect conversations of which it is made
moody and philosophical Hadrian, the picture up, although there is not a page out of
of Roman military life in Britain, and the the five hundred that will not richly repay
description of the Jewish preparations for examination. The characters are living as
the revolt. In his Jewish scenes, the author few characters live in contemporary fiction;
has made a highly effective use of the Old their words and actions have the stamp of
Testament scriptures, and displays an unusual accurate observation and the minutest truth,
knowledge of the Hebrew ritual and ceremo. and the entire investment of their story is
nial. As a humorist he fails, as a rule, most highly artistic. The spaciousness of the
dismally, although the Noviomagian episode environment, thus brought into relation with
offers, in its felicitous conception, something the individual figures, seems to enlarge them
of an exception to this general proposition. and to bestow upon them a more than indi-
The style of the work cannot be described as vidual significance. Of Miss Murfree's feel-
good. Aside from the forced effect of a per- | ing for nature, and of her power to give it
sistent use of the present tense for purposes dignified and adequate expression, of her
of narration, it has many other faults. It is sympathy both with iis gentle and its austere
too nervous and disjointed; too matter-of-fact moods, it would be difficult to speak with too
for the purposes of romance. It does not much praise. Like the chorus in some an-
rise into eloquence when the occasion demands cient tragedy, the mountains play their part
eloquence for its adequate expression. On in her work, intimately associated with and
the other hand, it may be said that it is fairly yet apart from the human actors upon her
perspicuous, and that it has not to answer for stage, giving to the drama a solemnity that
any very grievous sins of rhetorical affectation. | is most impressive and a breadth that allies
Mr. Black's novels always introduce the | it with more famous actions upon more con-
reader to people whom he would like to know, spicuous scenes.
and invite his presence at scenes which he Mr. Bret Harte's stories are always charm-
cannot help wishing he might actually wit | ing, in spite of the improbabilities with which
ness. “In Far Lochaber" is no exception to they are veined, and “Cressy," in which the
this general rule, and will be found nearly as element of improbability is a little more


1889.)
293
THE DIAL.
marked than usual, will hold the attention | would be difficult to find even among contem-
to the end. The hero is a young school porary novels. The story is equally distin-
master in Southern California, who becomes guished for bad construction, bad taste, and bad
entangled with a fair but intutored pupil. grammar. Perhaps the crowning absurdity is
We must confess that we cannot see why to be found in a scene which represents the
the author does not allow them to marry heroine, about to plunge a jewelled dagger into
and “live happily ever afterwards," but he the heart of the man who possesses the secret
probably had occult reasons of his own for of her life, and whom, in consequence, she
refusing his readers this consummation. seeks to destroy, as suddenly quelled by the
“Raleigh Westgate ; or, Epimenides in calm gaze of her intended victim, and remark-
Maine,” is the title of a curious but not unin ing, as she sinks back in a state of collapse,
teresting novel by Mrs. Helen Kendrick John “I think you are awful mean.” The writer
son. It is in substance, a sentimental modern | tells us that he composed the story during a
love-story, but a tinge of romance is provided series of extensive wanderings that embraced
in the ancestral history with which the charac Europe and America, the Orient and the Occi-
ters of the present day are ingeniously linked. | dent. The result is quite as incoherent as the
The earlier chapters, descriptive of Raleigh's conditions under which it was produced.
birthplace and boyhood years, are particularly | While we are upon the subject of those
good, calling up, as they do, suggestions of types of the impossibly marvellous which
the legendary past of the New England coast. some writers choose to dignify by the appel-
With a little more care expended upon its | lation of “psychical ” or “psychological,"
composition “The Tory's Daughter” would it may be well to say a few words of Mr. J.
have been an excellent story. As it is, the | P. Quincy's “The Peckster Professorship.”
many faults of style and construction do not Unlike the work just characterized, this vol-
prevent it from being more than usually read ume has a distinct literary flavor, and, to that
able. It is a romance of the Northwest in extent, deserves to be treated with respect.
the times of Harrison and Tecumseh, and the In fact, this literary quality is so marked that
war of 1812. The author's handling, no less it makes the story, or series of stories, really
than his theme, is suggestive of Cooper, and fascinating, and augments, in a marked de-
his work will compare favorably with the gree, the deleterious intellectual influence it
frontier romances of that writer. Its excel | is likely to exert. A more ingenious argu-
lence as a story makes peculiarly regrettable ment, put in more attractive form, for the
the slipshod style, of which the following | possibility of the impossible, it would be dif-
sentence is a fair illustration: “Mrs. Proctor, ficult to frame. We use the term “impossi-
with her three children, the wife and family ble" in the practical rather than the strictly
of the general, arrived at Malden, in the logical sense. In the latter sense, indeed, few
absence of Edith on this memorable excur things are impossible. It is not impossible,
sion to the river Raisin, a handsome, charm for example, that two men, uninfluenced by
ing woman, of gracious manners, and elevated each other, should write books (or a book)
character.” The faults of construction are upon the same subject, and in literally the
due, partly to the assumption that the gen same words from first to last, but the improb-
eral reader is familiar with the historical de ability is such that no one believes that such
tails of border warfare in 1812, and partly to a thing will ever happen. Again, it is not
a failure, on the writer's part, to define clearly logically impossible that exactly the same
the relation of characters and events to each material molecules which to-day constitute
other. The story presents many little per a given specimen of mankind should, a thou-
plexities resulting from these two causes, and sand years from now, again be brought to-
its comprehension is made unnecessarily dif- gether in the same arrangement; but the
ficult.
likelihood of such an occurrence is so small
“Ilian; or, the Curse of the Old South Church that no one would give it serious considera-
of Boston," by Chaplain James J. Kane, U.S.N., tion. Now, the alleged phenomena of “tel-
is described as a “psychological tale of the late epathy” and “clairvoyance” are in precisely
civil war.” Its psychological element consists, such a case as this. The explanation given
as might be expected, in a liberal use of the by the psychical researchers of the curious
marvellous as illustrated by phenomena of the phenomena that they collect so eagerly in-
so-called clairvoyant sort. This sort of “psy volves an improbability so enormously great
chology” has invaded popular fiction to a con when contrasted with the extremest improb-
siderable extent of late years, and far too abilities taken into account in the most rig.
many people have been induced to take it orous scientific reasonings, that the scientific
seriously. The story is, in other respects, a reason is perfectly justified in rejecting it
wild farrago of melodramatic incident, and altogether, and in setting down the explana-
impossible scenes and characters. Anything | tion as, for all practical purposes, an impos-
more utterly devoid of literary quality it Isible one. In spite of the show of scientific


294
[March,
THE DIAL
knowledge in such works as “The Peckster worthy contributions to anti-slavery literature and
Professorship," they are wanting in the sci to political and social questions, together with sev-
entific spirit, and no one imbued with that
eral papers appropriately grouped under the head-
spirit will fail to recognize this fact. The
ing “ The Inner Life," and five short critical pieces.
Needless to say, the generous humanity and large-
truth is that it is literature (feeling, fancy,
mindedness which have endeared the Quaker poet
imagination), and not science, that primarily
to millions of readers shine everywhere in his prose
appeals to their readers, and it must be con work as in his verse. In his world, "conduct is
fessed that in taking this course literature three-fourths of life" in no mere theoretical sense ;
exceeds its province. It is, indeed, wholly and one might almost add that the other fourth is
unworthy of literature to lend its adventitious
beauty—the beauty of holiness. For in him, holi-
aid in thus tricking out an extreme scientific
ness is a quality so gracious and tolerant and sym-
pathetic as to lose the depressing associations which
improbability, and in endeavoring to make
the word recalls to anyone who looks back with a
plausible notions that, stated in precise terms,
thankful shudder to a Puritan breeding. These
are utterly devoid of plausibility.
papers were, of course, worthy of preservation for
The German lady who writes under the their historical value alone: not only are the polit-
name of W. Heimburg is a novelist of the ical papers significant records of a memorable strug-
popular “Marlitt" type, and her story of gle, but many of the lighter pieces rescue from
is Gertrude's Marriage,” translated by Mrs. J.
forgetfulness picturesque phases of New Eng-
W. Davis, will doubtless find a host of senti-
land life and superstition. In some cases the
biographical sketches will keep alive the memory
mental feminine admirers. It is a love-story
of unfortunate patriots, like Placido the Cuban
which brings in the marriage at an early date, poet ; or of humble heroes and heroines, like John
in order that the reader's soul may be harrowed ! Woolman and Abigail Becker. Some of the papers
at great length by the estrangement resulting take us back to the period which the elder genera-
from a stupid credulity on her part and a tion still remembers, when the class of women who
proud unwillingness to explain the matter on
now chiefly teach the youth in our schools were the
his. The cause of the difficulty is simple and
typical operatives of the Lowell mills. Mr. Whit-
easily enough explicable, and it is only in a
tier's prose has many excellent qualities: it is sim-
ple, direct, cogent, tasteful. His eloquence and
German novel that it could by any possibility
his descriptive power are alike notable, but perhaps
play so disastrous a part,
his narrative ability is more striking still; in humor,
"The Court of Charles IV.” is merely an simplicity, and precision, his narrative verse is
episode in the series of Galdos' semi-historical hardly equal to his prose. Whittier must take an
romances dealing with the years of Napoleonic honorable place among our prose writers; his mer-
intrigue and invasion. It is, however, reason-
its may seem modest, but they are such as are likely
to wear. Henceforward these prose sketches will
ably complete in itself, and presents a picture
be a valuable instrument in the education of the
of city and court life in Madrid and the Esco-
young; Whittier's biographical and narrative
rial which is outlined with a considerable sketches will be read by the side of Hawthorne's
degree of descriptive and satirical power. “Twice-told Tales" and Irving's “ Sketch Book."
These Spanish novels have a curious lack of In these pure pages there is nothing to regret; no
finish and of artistic quality as it is com weeding or expurgation will be needed ; let them
monly understood, but they engage the inter be placed in every juvenile library, and let the older
est by their striking realism and the strangeness
and wearier children resort to them from time to
of the scenes and points of view to which
time for refreshment and solace.
they introduce their readers.
He must indeed be devoid of feeling who can
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
read without a tear the exquisite volume wherein
Mr. Theodore Bacon rescues from undeserved con-
-------
- - -
tempt the "wounded name" of his gifted kins-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
woman, Delia Bacon. Perhaps no more elegant book
(not an édition de luxe) ever issued from the River-
MR. WHITTIER is not usually mentioned among side Press (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), and it is not
the great prose-writers of America, although the too much to say that the contents are entirely worthy
beautiful Riverside edition of his works contains of their setting-forth. Flowering out upon the
three volumes of prose to four of verse. The poet- desert air of New England early in the century,
ical works were recently reviewed at some length Miss Bacon's sensitive spirit was foredoomed to be
in these columns (December, 1888); and the prose blasted by the moral east wind of that time and
works, which are now first brought together, cer clime. Her biographer handles this phase of his sub-
tainly furnish material and suggestion for a still ject with great discretion, but enough is said to show
more extended notice. For the reviewer, as for the us that her liberal genius spent its best energies in
reader, these volumes have many a surprise in store; the disheartening struggle to make head against
one would not have thought that Mr. Whittier had the stony conservatism of those dearest and nearest
written so much that was memorable. The first to her. This struggle is all the more terrible when
volume is devoted to “Margaret Smith's Journal ” it is for the most part waged in silence, the baffled
and to a score of “ Tales and Sketches"; the sec soul consuming itself for want of outward nour-
ond contains “Old Portraits and Modern Sketches," ishment and sympathy. Such seems to have been
“Personal Sketches and Tributes," and "Histori the inner history of Delia Bacon. It is no wonder
cal Papers"; the third brings us his more note- l she became insane. In order to verify the discov-


1889.)
295
THE DIAL
-
-
---
ery she thought she had made concerning Shakes | Raphael's emancipation from the early influence,
peare, a residence in England was necessary. As never overmastering, of Perugino, his tendency to
her own relatives, who seem to have looked upon the historical and human rather than to the legend-
her literary heresy with solemn severity, would not | ary and mystical treatment of Biblical subjects, his
have assisted her if they could, she was obliged to love of the dramatic grace and wealth of outward
depend upon strangers for the means of carrying expression of Florentine art, and the final temper-
out her plans. Nothing could be more creditable ing of his Florentine manner by a repose and
to human nature than the unfailing kindness and dignity of conception born of his study of Piero
attention with which she was treated by strangers della Francesca and the Umbrian School, are clearly
at home and abroad. Not only men like Emerson, brought out. Prof, Grimm is at his best in his
Carlyle, Hawthorne, and women like Mrs. Carlyle description and interpretation of Raphael's master-
and Mrs. Hawthorne, but also the humble people pieces, although at times his enthusiasm leads him
among whom she chanced to be thrown in England, into a little over-ingenuity. His theory, for in-
were impressed by her distinction of character and | stance, that the division of the “Transfiguration"
treated her with the tenderest consideration. How into two scenes that do not belong together was due
she gave herself with the unstinted devotion of to the artist's desire to give to the figure of Christ
womanhood to a task she regarded as sacred, the effect of an apparition, seems rather over-
how her means failed, how she undermined her wrought. “The observer," he says, "should be
health by ceaseless labor and privation, how she 1 (as it were) forced to look at Christ, but only
proudly isolated herself from the distinguished | for a limited time, who, suddenly appearing,
people who would have esteemed it a privilege to will just as suddenly vanish again." This de-
succor her, how the iron entered her soul and the vice savors somewhat of a mechanical trick;
clouds of distrust, avant-coureurs of insanity, dark and a simple explanation would be that Raphael
ened her fine mind, -the whole pathetic story must merely sought to heighten the glory of Christ's
be read in Mr. Bacon's fascinating biography. Her figure by contrasting it with the scene of human
own book failed principally because, as Hawthorne misery below. The closing chapters of the volume,
said, “she was too thoroughly in earnest to know relating to the vicissitudes of Raphael's fame after
what to leave out." There is no reason to doubt his death, and to his treatment in modern crit-
his further statement that a practiced bookmakericism, convey a good deal of valuable thought and
would have made an eminently successful book information in a rather desultory and fragmentary
from her materials, full as they were of criticisms style. The translator's work is, in the main, satis-
“which quite take the color out of other people's factory, although it shows occasional traces of care-
critical remarks on Shakespeare." As it is, her lessness: on page 57, for instance, we are told that
brilliant article in “Putnam's Monthly" for Janu "Ghiberti's conceptions succeeded to Donatello's "
ary, 1856 (reprinted in this volume) remains her --the reverse of the truth. Why this well-bound,
worthiest literary monument. This biography well-printed, and scholarly work should have been
would be welcome were it only for the new light it “launched upon the world without an index," and
throws on the character of Hawthorne. His deli- without cuts of the paintings it analyzes so mi-
cacy, tact, good-sense, and patient generosity in nutely, is a problem of book-making which we must
dealing with a poor, proud woman, whose gather leave unsolved.
ing infirmity renders her suspicious, impracticable,
ungrateful, evince a chivalry of soul beyond any.
PROF. G. T. W. PATRICK, of the State Univer-
thing recorded of Sidney. There are many unpub-
sity of Iowa, has reconstructed from one hundred
lished letters of Carlyle, Emerson, Hawthorne, and
and thirty fragments scattered throughout the
Mrs. Hawthorne, together with many very interest-
literature of antiquity the "flowing philosophy" of
ing letters of Miss Bacon herself. Much of the
old Heraclitus of Ephesus,-a thinker who seems
latter part of the story is told in the beautiful
to have had a very clear vision of the harmony of
language of Hawthorne, and some of it reads like
things, of what modern science calls the correlation
an extract from one of his romances.
and conservation of forces. When he said, “Into
the same river you could not step twice, for other
THE “Life of Raphael” (Cupples & Hurd) is
and still other waters are flowing," he evidently
the rather misleading title of a translation, by
had in mind the same idea that we have when we
Sarah Holland Adams, from the German of Hermann
talk about modes of motion. The fact that he
Grimm. Little is known of Raphael's actual career,
makes this thought the key to a right understanding
and Prof. Grimm wisely refrains from following his
of Nature is what has given him the name of “the
predecessors, Vasari, Passavant, and others, into
flowing philosopher." Flowing his philosophy was
the cloud-land of conjecture. Of Raphael the
in another sense, inasmuch as it was borne in like a
man, as known to his contemporaries, as he looked,
tide upon the best minds of antiquity, from Plato to
moved, and spoke in the home of the Santis in Ur-
Marcus Aurelius; so that, although his book “On
bino, in Perugino's atelier in Perugia, in the
Nature" is lost, a pretty complete reconstruction of
thronged streets of Florence, or in the halls of the
his system of thought is possible from quotations
Vatican, scant memorials remain for the biographer.
alone. But Heraclitus has fared hard at the hands
Hence this volume is far from being a “Life” in
of modern philosophical sluice-builders, who have
the Boswellian sense. But Raphael the artist is, in
taken advantage of his flowing proclivity to tap him
a way, still with us to tell his own story; and the
and draw him off into their several narrow channels.
skilful interpreter of his works may trace out for
At first blush it might seem that he could have no just
us the general tenor of his artistic development,
reason to complain of this treatment, for he seems
the evidences of his intellectual growth, the vari.
to say what Tennyson represents him as saying:
ations wrought in his manner by changes of envi-
“All thoughts, all creeds, all dreams are true,
All visions wild and strange;
ronment and by contact with the works of others.
Man is the measure of all truth
To this task our author chiefly devotes himself. /
Unto himself. All truth is change."


296
[March,
THE DIAL
But in the case of a thinker whose complete work the singular felicity of having taken on the one
has not come down to us, it is especially unfair to hand a leading part in establishing the constitu-
judge his whole thought from a single text or set tional liberties of England, and on the other of hav-
of texts. And the injustice of Tennyson's exposi | ing supplied the chief weapon used by its kings
tion of his thought lies in the fact that Tennyson in the consolidation of its territory, and the restor-
does not take into account the profound truth under- ation of its sovereignty in the Narrow Seas." The
lying his beautiful saying: “The harmony of the author writes forcibly, and enables his reader to
world is a harmony of oppositions, as in the case of follow with keen enjoyment those wardens of the
the bow and of the lyre." Small wonder the an south coast as they gradually made of the Channel
cients gave Heraclitus the epithet of "the obscure," a mare clausum, up to the time when Edward the
for the modern reader is frequently startled to find First asserted the right of his “Barons” of the
that this pre-Socratic thinker seems to have divined Ports to make all ships “strike their sails to them
many of the proudest conclusions of modern science within the Narrow Seas." His reign marks the
and philosophy,-as, for instance, when he asserts culmination of a glorious career which had lasted
that “the way upward and the way downward are since Hastings battle,-for after his time began to
one and the same.” Fortunately, Mr. Patrick does be felt the disastrous influence of what the author
not approach the Ephesian sage in the hope of find calls the “Eastward Drift," which gradually silted
ing support for this or that philosophic system. up the harbors of some of the towns, and, as in the
The first fifty pages of his Introduction are devoted case of Sandwich, put broad sands between them
to a searching analysis of several "ambitious at and the sea which had been their domain, or,
tempts at reconstructive criticism." This is the most as in the case of Old Winchelsea, swept it away
technical part of the work, and, interesting as it in so complete a destruction that “for many cen-
must be to the student of philosophy, is hardly turies no one has been able to point to any particu-
calculated to attract the general reader. The lar spot with certainty and say, 'Here stood Win-
second section, containing the author's own recon chelsea.'” A valuable chapter is devoted to “The
struction of Heraclitus, is a plain and vigorous piece Cinque Port Institutions at Work,” in which are
of writing, which cannot fail to give pleasure and explained the relations of the towns to the great
profit to any thoughtful reader. Indeed, the great fish-fair at Yarmouth, and the proceedings of the
and somewhat unusual merit of this whole study is managing assembly called a “Brodhull," and of
its entire freedom from philosophic mysticism or clap the “Court of Shepway." As a contribution to the
trap of any kind. It is full of subtle suggestiveness, history of municipal institutions in one of the
as in these two pregnant sentences which embody a most bustling of English localities, the book will
compact exposition and an ingenious defence of be welcomed.
the intellectual system of the Ephesian: “But in
the face of this all-embracing flux, the one idea Max O’RELL's sprightly book on “ Jonathan and
which stands out most prominent in Heraclitus is his Continent” (Cassell) is the result of a six months'
the deep rationality of the world—the eternal “ramble through American society” by that viva-
Order. Nor in the last analysis are these two at cious if not veracious Frenchman. Whatever may
variance, for any world must be rational to the be thought of the book in France and England, where
beings in it, for the rationality of the world to us is it is possible it may be taken seriously, in America
only our adaptation to the world, which is involved it can hardly be regarded otherwise than as a joke.
in the very fact of our existence." In addition to This foreign observer has evidently fallen a victim
his Introduction to Heraclitus, the author gives a
to the American love of humor. There is a story
translation of the fragments, with mention, and told-is it by Mr. John Phønix ?-of a practical
sometimes translations, of the sources. To this is joker at a theatre who requested a gentleman in
appended critical notes, and the original text of the
front of him to “punch the bald-headed man in
fragments. The work is creditable alike to its the third row," and when the punch had been ad-
author and to American scholarship. (Baltimore :
ministered the joker turned disinterestedly away,
N. Murray.)
leaving the situation to be explained as best it might.
“Didn't you ask me to punch that gentleman ?"
CAPTAIN MONTAGU-BURROWS is already well demanded the angry victim. “Certainly," was the
known to those who specialize in English history, reply. “Well, sir, why did you ask me, if you
through his “Family of Brocas of Beaurepaire and didn't know the gentleman ?" "I wanted to see if
Roche Court," for in his opening chapters he has you would be fool enough to do it,” calmly answered
given us invaluable material upon the English rule the humorist. It must have been from such practi-
in Aquitaine, and made us hope that he may become cal jokers that this too credulous Frenchman gath-
the historian of that important phase of England's ered the materials for his hasty and hilarious
activity abroad. Such a subject is in keeping with volume. By an amiable conspiracy of the fun-
his occupancy of the chair of Modern History at loving fraternity, the game seems to have been a
Oxford. His latest work must have been thoroughly general one ; each humorist, having practiced suffi-
congenial to the naval officer. In “The Cinque ciently on the Frenchman's gullibility, passing him
Ports,” the latest volume of the “Historic Towns" on to the next one, who "loaded” him in turn.
series (Longmans, Green, & Co.), he has availed It was perhaps carrying a joke rather far ; but the
himself of recent publications made by the British excuse of those who told the yarns would doubtless
government to put into a popular treatise a section be that they wanted to see if the victim “would be
of English history as unknown to the general reader fool enough" to swallow them. And certainly a
as are the occurrences in Aquitaine in the thirteenth foreigner who expects to "write up "a country like
century. And yet, as he says, his sketch is an at America after six months' study should be prepared
tempt " to depict the infancy and early triumphs of to take risks. Read in its true light, O’Rell's book
the British Navy, as practically represented by the is diverting and amusing enough. As a collection
Cinque Ports," a confederation which “has enjoyed of facts or a picture of society, it is about as


1889.)
THE DIAL
297
=
trustworthy as the chronicles of Eli Perkins or the the notes are likely to lead the student through
science sketches of Bill Nye.
Goethe's Tasso back to the historical Tasso. The
typography and outward dress of the volume are
The earlier volumes of Mr. Stedman's and Miss highly creditable to its publishers (D. C. Heath
Hutchinson's “Library of American Literature" (C. & Co.)
L. Webster & Co.) have already received prominent
notice in THE DIAL. Volumes V. and VI., lately
MR. HORACE G, HUTCHINSON, in his “Record of
issued, cover the period of the Republic from 1821
a Human Soul" (Longmans, Green, & Co.), an-
to 1860, which is confessedly the most brilliant of
nounces, as an important new discovery, that relig-
American authorship. The most famous names in
ion and the supernatural appeal to the emotional
our literary annals are represented in these two
side of man, and not to his reason. He even be-
lieves that "the immortality to which we have
volumes, which will be found. the richest in the
whole series in specimens of our best literature. Ex-
rightly to look forward is a continuance of the life,
amples are given of 183 writers—poets, historians,
not of the intellectual, but of the emotional nature."
novelists, statesmen, divines, men of science, and
In spite of the objections that might be urged to
leaders in the learned professions,- of whom Ir-
its philosophy, this neat little volume may be found
ving, Cooper, Bryant, Channing, Emerson, Poe,
soothing to some minds. It may show some young
Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whittier, and Prescott
man how to lay his spectre doubts, and how to win
constitute a galaxy of which a young nation like
his Kate, as did the heroic young doubter and
ours may well be proud. To select what is most
diarist, James, whose struggles and ultimate peace-
illustrative of individual talent and accomplishment
ful state --- not of orthodox belief, but of reverent
from the mass of material at command, considering
emotion - are set before us by Mr. Hutchinson.
the limits assigned to the compilation, was no
We suspect, however, that James's struggles are not
easy task; but the editors have executed their
wholly over, that he has not yet fully solved the
mystery of the spiritual life, and that emotion alone
work with the excellent taste and nice discrimina-
tion which we have previously so warmly com-
will not always satisfy him. When the sequel is
mended. It is a question, however, whether in all
told, we venture to hope that it will be in better
cases the allotment of space to our most illustrious
English sentences, and that he will not talk, for
instance, of countries "being over-legislated."
authors is commensurate with their importance and
is graduated by what will be the ultimate verdict of
the highest criticism. But so far as the examples
The latest of the many recent additions to Shakes-
given are concerned, it is freely conceded that
peare literature is a modest little volume by Mr.
none are admitted that are not worthy of the
M. W. Cooke, entitled “The Human Mystery in
place they hold in the collection, which is a
Hamlet” (Fords, Howard & Hulbert). Mr. Cooke,
treasury of the best literature that our country
in his studies of the play and character of Hamlet,
has produced. These volumes contain steel en reaches the conclusion that whether the Prince of
gravings of Irving, Bryant, Hawthorne, and Poe,
Denmark was actually insane, or only feigning
and twenty-six cuts of other distinguished per-
madness, is quite unimportant to the end which the
sonages, among whom are Channing, Cooper, Hal author of “Hamlet” had in view—the portrayal of
leck, Prescott, Emerson, Longfellow, Whittier,
man in his inner spiritual nature, and the conflicts
Bancroft, and Garrison,
which take place within him when his passions and
will are struggling for the mastery. Following the
GOETHE's “Tasso,” edited for the use of students illustration of the themes are well chosen parallel-
by Professor Calvin Thomas, is a most scholarly
isms from the ancient poets, Roman as well as
piece of work, quite abreast of the best editions of
Grecian, and apt comparisons between Hamlet and
modern classics for English and American students,
Orestes, Æneas and Ulysses, which add greatly to
and for the purposes of the student of literature
| the interest of the book. Readers will find here
equalled only by the similar editions of Buchheim
more helpful thought and inspiration, and wiser
and Saintsbury in England and of Prof. J. M, Hart
guidance in the study of the great play, than in
in America. Indeed, since Mr. Thomas aims to
fanciful speculations as to its authorship or the
meet the wants not merely of the advanced college
painful elucidation of pretended ciphers.
student but of the disinterested scholar, there is no
derogation in saying that he has produced an A COLLECTION of selections from the prose of
edition of greater critical value than those of any Heine, published a decade or more ago, now
of his predecessors except Mr. George Saintsbury. | appears in a new edition with the title “ Wit, Wis-
The Introduction is unusually full and interesting ; dom, and Pathos from the Prose of Heinrich Heine"
the notes are devoted to critical and historical (Cupples & Hurd). The work of selection and
rather than to lexical difficulties. There is an ex translation, by Mr. J. Snodgrass, is well done, and
cellent bibliography of works containing particu- | the present edition has been thoroughly revised.
larly valuable material for the elucidation of this Few prose writers lose so little in an anthology as
play. In especial, too great praise can hardly be | Heine, whose style-akin to Sterne's—is fitfully
given the editor for the pains he has taken to secure brilliant, and abounds in well-rounded short pas-
an accurate text. The reader of German who has sages easily separable from the context. This vol-
not yet yielded to the quiet charm of this unique ume--aside from its wit and pathos-is a store-house
masterpiece will find here the most fitting introduc of thought and criticism of the rarest quality, and
tion and preparation; while he who is already con will prove a genuine intellectual treat to those
versant with its treasures of wisdom and sentiment readers hitherto unfamiliar with Heine's writings.
will be likely to find more than one helpful sugges The translator, in his introductory note, presents
tion in the material which Mr. Thomas has collected an appreciative sketch of the poet, and has added
with such labor and presented with such unpre to the prose extracts a few verse renderings which
tending taste. It may be further remarked that I are decidedly above the average.


298
THE DIAL
[March,
- ---
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS. undertaken at the cost of the Prussian government,
and is very comprehensive in scope and thorough
A new “Life of Henry M. Stanley," by the Rev.
in treatment. It includes accounts of the arts of
H. W. Little, will soon be published by the Lippin-
Japan, as well as its commerce, agriculture, mining,
cott Co.
forestry, etc. With this work is issued a second
A SERIES of “Adirondack Tales," by W. H. H,
edition of the author's “ Travels and Researches in
Murray, formerly known as “Adirondack Murray," Japan,” by the same publishers. Another notable
is announced by Cupples & Hurd, Boston. The book of travels from the same house is a translation
first volume will appear this spring.
from the French of Bonvalot's “ Through the Heart
Col. T. W. HIGGINSON's poems are about to be of Asia, over the Pamir to India," in two volumes,
published in London and New York, by Messrs. with 250 illustrations (many full-page) by Albert
Longmans, Green & Co., in a volume entitled “The | Pepin.
Afternoon Landscape.” The same publishers also
The failure of the House of Representatives to
announce “Micah Clarke, his Statement," an auto-
reach a vote on the Chase-Breckenridge bill for
biographical tale of Monmouth's Rebellion.
international copyright is to be regarded as a post-
MR. EDWARD G. Mason, of Chicago, is to prepare
ponement, not a defeat, of the measure. Its pas-
the volume on Illinois for the series of "American sage by the House was reasonably certain, if it could
Commonwealths." The volume is likely to be one have been put to vote; hence the obstructive tactics
of the best in this admirable series. Illinois has a
resorted to by its opponents-led, we are sorry to
peculiarly interesting, even romantic, history; and say, by an Illinois Congressman, Mr. Payson. We
probably no writer could be named better fitted to
have already expressed the opinion that the bill
treat it than Mr. Mason.
ought to pass. It would be hard to frame any
MESSRS. SCRIBNER's Sons have about ready a vol measure on the subject that should be more con-
ume of reminiscences by Lester Wallack, entitled servative or more tender of the interests of all con-
“Memories of Fifty Years." Some of the chapters cerned. Hence the opposition to it, which is
have already been printed in “Scribner's Monthly," ostensibly directed toward some particular feature
and give promise of a very interesting volume. of the bill, is really opposition to the principle of
The illustrations will be numerous, and include international copyright. No further concessions,
many portraits of theatrical celebrities, many of therefore, should be made by the friends of the
them in stage costume.
measure, but it should be pushed to a vote in the
A “History of the Participation of France in the next Congress, where it will no doubt receive a
Establishment of the United States of America,"
handsome majority.
translated from the French of Henri Doniol, is PATRIOTIC Americans-or those patriotic Ameri-
about to be published by Messrs. Putnam's Sons.
cans who are able to buy rather costly books—will
They have also in press a work by Theodore Roose. welcome the new edition of “The Writings of
velt, on the early history of our Western territory, George Washington," edited by Mr. Worthington
entitled “ The Winning of the West and Southwest," C. Ford and published by Messrs. Putnam's Sons.
which will comprise two volumes, the first covering It will comprise in all fourteen volumes royal oc-
the period 1769-1783, or to the close of the Revo tavo, printed and bound in the handsome style of
lution,
Lodge's edition of Hamilton's Works and Bigelow's
The American translations of the series of Great
edition of Franklin's Works. Volume I. has now
French Writers” have been delayed by the slowness appeared. It covers the period 1748–1757, and
of publication in Paris, but will shortly be resumed, contains Washington's "Journal to the Ohio"-his
and, it is hoped, will go forward rapidly. Some report of the expedition made by him to the Ohio
of the most interesting volumes of the series are in River in 1753, when but twenty-one years of age,-
preparation-among the subjects being Voltaire, and a large amount of official correspondence during
Rousseau, Lamartine, Balzac, Sainte-Beuve, Racine, his service in the Virginia militia, written mostly to
and Guizot. The French publishers, Messrs. Ha Gov. Dinwiddie. Not only are the letters far more
cbette & Co., write to the American publishers that numerous than in Sparks's edition, but they are
the series has been highly successful in France. printed in their original form, without the unwar-
MESSRS. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co., of Boston, rantable interpolations and changes which marred
issue a classified catalogue of their books by West them in Sparks's edition, and so obscured and per-
ern authors, by which it appears that nearly fifty of verted the real character of their author. There
the authors whose works are published by their could be no fitter monument to Washington in this
house reside in Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, or centennial year, than this splendid collection of his
some other Western State. “It may not be gener writings.
ally known," say the publishers, “ that some of the
Hon. Rasmus B. ANDERSON, the American Minis-
most successful, as well as some of the most excel-
ter to Denmark, has, while attending to the busi-
lent books published by American authors are
ness of his legation, been able to accomplish not a
written by what might be called Western people,
little work in literature. He has completed a
that is, by people who were born at least as far
translation of Viktor Rydberg's great work on
west as Ohio or Illinois." The catalogue contains
“Teutonic Mythology," to be published in two
an excellent portrait of Major Kirkland, author of
volumes, of which the first has just appeared in
"Zury” and “The McVeys."
London, from the press of Swan Sonnenschein &
MESSRS. A. C. ARMSTRONG & Son have just pub Co. Snorre Sturlason's Icelandic Historical work,
lished a very handsome edition of Prof. Rein's “ Chronicles of the Kings of Norway," has been
great work on “ The Industries of Japan, " in a translated by Prof. Anderson, and will be published
royal octavo volume, with rich colored illustrations, by J. C. Nimmo, London, in four volumes, of which
including representations of native fabrics, etc. he is now at work upon the third, He has also trans-
Prof. Rein's work is based on travels and researches lated “Among the Cannibals," by Dr. Lumholtz,


1889.]
299
THE DIAL
Seward, William H. S. J. and Isabel C, Barrows. Atlantic,
South Slavic Moon-Myths. F. S. Krauss. Popular Science,
Sunday Second Service. Newman Smythe. Andover,
Ticonderoga and Bennington, John Fiske, Atlantic.
Treves, Germany. W, B. Scott. Scribner's.
United States, A Bird's. Eye View of the. Allantic,
Vienna, Curt von Zelau, Harper's.
Voting, New Method of, Andover.
Wagner's Heroes. Wm. F, Apthorp. Scribner's.
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
[ The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL
during the month of February, 1889.)
for John Murray, London; and he has well under
way a two-volume work on “The Folk-lore of
Norway," and a translation of the “Elder Edda."
A memorial to President Harrison has been pre-
pared, and signed by many of the most eminent
men in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, asking
Minister Anderson's retention at Copenhagen, in
view of the distinguished services he has rendered
and is to render to Scandinavian literature. THE
DIAL would most heartily endorse the petition,
though glad to welcome him back to literary labors
in his own country, and to renewed contributions
to its pages.
A New work by George John Romanes, entitled
“ Mental Evolution in Man: the Origin of the
Human Faculty," is just published by D. Appleton
& Co. The work follows “ Mental Evolution in
Animals,” by the same author, and discusses the
probable mode of genesis of the human mind from
the mind of lower animals. The same firm publish
"The Folk-lore of Plants," by T. F. Thiselton
Dyer, tracing the superstitions and fancies con-
nected with plants in fairy-lore, in witchcraft and
demonology, in religion, in charms, in medicine,
and other branches. Also, a new volume in the
“International Education Series," "The Develop-
ment of the Intellect, Observations Concerning the
Mental Development of the Human Being in the
First Years of Life," by W. Preyer, Professor of
Physiology in Jena; and “Nature and Man, Essays,
Scientific and Philosophical,” by the late William
Benjamin Carpenter, M.D., F.R.S., with an Intro-
ductory Memoir by J. Estlin Carpenter, M.A., and
a Portrait. Messrs. Appleton & Co. have in prep-
aration two volumes to be entitled “The History of
Ancient Civilization” and “ The History of Modern
Civilization," being a translation of Ducourdray's
“Histoire Sommaire de la Civilization,” a recent
French work that has been highly commended by
European critics.
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
The Writings of George Washington. Collected and
Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 vols.
Vol. I., 1748–1757. Royal 8vo, pp. 513. Gilt top. Half.
Leather. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.00.
Whittierig Prose Works. In 3 volumes. (Vols. V., VI.
and VII. of Whittier's Complete Works.) Vol. I.. Mar.
garet Smith's Journal, and Tales and Sketches; Vol.
II., Old Portraits and Modern Sketches: Personal
Sketches and Tributes: Historical Papers; Vol. III.,
The Conflict with Slavery: Politics and Reform: The
Inner Life: (riticism. 12mo. Gilt top. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. The set, $4.50.
English Writers: An Attempt toward & History of
English Literature. By Henry Morley, LL.D. Vol.
IV., The Fourteenth Century, in Two Books:-Book I.
12mo, pp. 362. Gilt top. Cassell & Co. $1.50.
Letters on Literature. By Andrew Lang. Fop. 8vo.
Longmans, Green & Co. $2.00.
Authors at Home. Personal and Biographical Sketches
of Well-known American Writers. Edited by J. L.
and J. B. Gilder. 12mo, pp. 354. Gilt top. Cassell &
(o. $1.50.
Field and Hedgerow. Being the Last Essays of Richard
Jefferies. Collected by His Widow. 12mo, pp. 331.
Uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.75.
The True Story of Hamlet and Ophelia. By Fredericka
Beardsley Gilchrist. 8vo, pp. 339. Gilt top. Little.
Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Our English. By Adams Sherman Hill. 16mo, pp. 245,
Harper & Bros. $1.00.
Foreign Visitors in England, and What They Have
Thought of Us: Being Some Notes on Their Books and
Their Opinions During the Last Three Centuries. By
Edward Smith. 16mo, pp. 220. Uncut. London: Elliot
Stock. $1.25.
TRAVEL HISTORY-BIOGRAPHY.
Through the Heart of Asia. Over the Pamir to India.
By Gabriel Bonvalot. Translated from the French by
O. B. Pitman. With 250 Illustrations by Albert Pépin.
In two volumes. Imperial 8vo. Uncut. A. O. Arm.
strong & Son. $10.50.
The Story of Mexico. By Susan Hale. Illustrated. 8vo.
pp. 428. The Story of the Nations Series. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.50.
The English Restoration and Louis XIV. From the
Peace of Westphalia to the Peace of Nimwegen. By
Osmund Airy, M.A., editor of the “Lauderdale Pa.
pers." With three Maps. 16mo, pp. 282. Epochs in
Modern History. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.00.
The English Restoration and Louis XIV. From the
Peace of Westphalia to the Peace of Nimwegen. By
Osmund Airy, M.A. With three Maps. 16mo, pp. 292.
Epochs of Modern History. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.00.
The English Church in the Middle Ages. By William
Hunt. 12no, pp. 224. Epochs of Church History. A. D.
F. Randolph & Co. 80 cents,
The Popes and the Hohenstaufen. By Ugo Balzani.
12mo, pp. 261. Epochs of Church History. A. D. F. Ran.
dolph & Co. 80 cents.
A History of the University of Cambridge. By J. Bass
Mullinger, M.A. 12mo, pp. 232. Epochs of Church His.
tory. A. D. F. Randolph & Co. 80 cents.
Great Captains, A Course of Six Lectures, Showing the
Influence on the Art of War of the Campaigns of Al.
exander, Hannibal, Cæsar, Gustavus Adolphus, Fred.
erick, and Napoleon. By Theodore Ayrault Dodge,
author of "The Campaign of Chancellorsville." Large
8vo, pp. 219. Ticknor & Co. $2.00.
John Brown. By Dr. Hermann von Holst. Edited by
Frank Preston Stearns. With Portrait. 12mo, pp.
232. Gilt top. Cupples & Hurd. $1.50.
Life of Sir Robert Peele. By F. O. Montague. 16mo, pp.
225. International Statesmen Series. J. B. Lippincott Co.
75 cents.
SCIENCE-CIVICS-SOCIOLOGY.
The Industries of Japan. Together with an Account
of Its Agriculture, Forestry, Arts, and Commerce.
From Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost
of the Prussian Government. By J. J. Rein. Finely
Illustrated. Royal 8vo, pp. 570. Gilt top. A. O. Arm.
strong & Son, $10.00
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
MARCH, 1889.
American Commonwealth, Bryce's. Political Science.
Am. History, Omitted Chapters of. W, P. Stradley. Dial.
Americanists in Congress. Popular Science.
Arnold's Later Criticism, M. B. Anderson. Dial.
Arvans, The. Horatio Hale. Popular Science,
Ballot in N. Y., The. Mr. Bernheim. Political Science,
Belon, Pierre. Popular Science.
" Boulangism." M. Gauvain. Political Science.
Canada. Chas. Dudley Warner. Harper's.
(elestial Species. J. N. Lockyer. Harper's.
Chase, Wm, M. Kenyon Cox. Hurper's.
Chemistry of To.Day. Ira Remsen. Popular Science.
Colonial Lawyers. Frank G. Cook, Atlantic.
Competition and Trusts. Geo. Iles. Popular Science.
« Demoniacal Possession." A. D. White. Popular Science,
Earth's Foundation Stones. T. G. Bonney. Pop. Science.
Fiction, Recent. W. M, Payne. Dial.
Fiji Islands. Coutts Trotter. Popular Science.
-Making. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science,
Insect Life. David S. Jordan. Dial.
Institute of France. Theodore Child. Harper's.
Irish Question, Unionist View of. A. Forster. Pol. Sci.
Isthmus Canal and Our Government. S. F. Weld. Allantic.
Lang's Letters on Literature. W. I. Way. Dial.
Law as a Disturber of Social Order. Benj. Reece. Pop. Sci.
License System, The. John Faville. Andover.
Mexican Superstitions. Thos. A. Janvier, Scribner's.
Motley's Letters. Geo, Wm, Curtis, Harper's.
Natural Science in Elementary Schools, Popular Science,
Norway, Björnstjerne Björnson, Harper's.
Old Testament Heroes, Immoralities of. Andover.
Progressive Income Taxes. Gustav Cohn, Pol. Science,
Railway Mail Service. Thos. L. James, Scribner's.
Reality. F. H. Johnson. Andover,
Scientific Anarchism, H, L. Oggood. Political Science,
Scientific Socialism. Arthur B. Woodford, Dial,


300
[March,
THE DIAL
New Scioarper & Bros By W.J. Co
spp. 68. u
lasses, and Pann, Ph.bloms, and
Modern Science in Bible Lands, By Sir J. W. Dawson, Fourfold. By Mrs. Nathaniel Conklin (Jennie M. Drink.
LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., author of The Story of the
water). 12mo, pp. 466. Robert Carter & Bros. $1.50.
Earth and Man." With Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, The Weaker Vessel. A Novel. By D. Christie Murray,
pp. 606. Harper & Bros. $2.00.
author of "A Life's Atonement." Illustrated. 12mo,
Nature and Man. Essays Scientific and Philosophical. pp. 310. Paper. Harper's Franklin Square Library. 50
By William B. Carpenter, C.B., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. cents.
With an Introductory Memoir by J. Estlin Carpenter, A Latin-Quarter Courtship, and Other Stories. By
M.A. With Portrait. 8vo, pp. 483. D. Appleton & Co. Sidney Luska (Henry Harland), author of "The Yoke
$2.25.
of the Thorah." 12mo, pp. 269. Paper. Cassell's Sun.
The Development of the Intellect. Observations Con. shine Series. 50 cents.
cerning the Mental Development of the Human Being Gertrude's Marriage. By W. Heimburg. Translated
in the First Years of Life. By W. Preyer. Translated
from the German by Mrs. J. W. Davis. Illustrated.
from the Original German by H. W. Brown. 8vo, pp. 12mo, pp. 307. Paper. Worthington Co. 75 cents.
317. International Education Series. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50.
EDUCATION-TEXT-BOOKS.
The Psychic Life of Micro-Organisms. A Study in Ex. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the
perimental Psychology. By Alfred Binet. Transla year 1886-87. 8vo, pp. 1170.' Paper. Washington:
ted from the French by Thomas McCormack. With a
The Government Printing Office.
Preface by the Author Written Especially for the The History of Education in North Carolina. By
American Edition. 16mo, pp. 117. Chicago: The Open Charles Lee Smith. Paper. 8vo, pp. 179. Washington:
Court Publishing Co. 75 cents.
Government Printing Office.
The Government of the United States. By W. J. Cocker, Industrial Education in the South. By Rev. A. D.
A.M. 12mo, pp. 274. Harper & Bros. 72 cents.
Mayo. 8vo, pp. 86. Paper. Government Printing Of.
Outlines of a New Science. By E. J. Donnell. 12mo,
fice.
pp. 68. Questions of the Day. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.00. German Commercial Correspondence. With Exer.
Social Progress. An Essay By Daniel Greenleaf cises, German-English and English-German Glossa.
Thompson, author of “A System of Psychology." Svo, ries, Hints on Letter. Writing, German Idioms, and
pp. 161. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.00.
Copious Notes. By Joseph T. Dann, Ph.D. For the
Use of Schools and Classes, and for Self Tuition. 16rno,
RELIGIOUS.
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on Letter-Writing, and Copious Notes. By Elphege
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Janau. For the Use of Schools and Classes, and for
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American Edition. 8vo, pp. 473. Buffalo: Chas. A. Wen.
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borne. $2.50.
Hebrew Literature. Vol. II., of Scriptures, Hebrew and
Petit Théâtre des Enfants. Twelve Tiny French Plays
Christian. Arranged and Edited, as an Introduction
for Children. By Mrs. Hugh Bell. 16mo, pp. 115.
to the Story of the Bible, by Edward T. Bartlett, D.D.,
Longmans, Green, & Co. 50 cents.
and John P. Peters, Ph.D. Svo, pp. 569. G. P. Putnam's
German Novelettes for School and Home. Selected from
the Best Modern Writers, and with Etymological.
Sons. $1.50.
Glimpses of Great Fields. By Rev. J. A. Hall, A.M.
Grammatical and Explanatory Notes. By Dr. William
Bernhardt. Vol. II. 16mo, pp. 152. D.C. Heath & Co.
16mo, pp. 239. D. Lothrop Co. $1.25.
60 cents.
Holy Living. By Jeremy Taylor, D.D. Vol. II. 24mo,
pp. 192. Paper. Oassell's National Library. 10 cents.
The Beginner's Reading-Book. By Eben H. Davis, A.M.
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Illustrated. 16mo, pp. 128. J. B. Lippincott Co. 42
“It is Never Too Late to Mend." i2mo, pp. 106. Har.
cents.
per & Bros. 75 cents.
Harper's First Reader. In Two Parts. Illustrated.
The Thumb Bible. By J. E. Taylor. A. D. F. Randolph &
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Harper's Second Reader. In Two Parts. Illustrated.
Co. 50 cents.
POETRY.
12mo, pp. 208. Harper & Bros. 36 cents.
Harper'g Third Reader. In Two Parts. Illustrated.
Leaves of Life. By E. Nesbit, author of "Lays and Le.
1zmo, pp. 316. Harper & Bros. 45 cents.
gends." 16mo, pp. 185. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. Harper's Fourth Reader. In Two Parts. 12mo, pp.
Mastor. A Poem. By John Ruse Larus. 12mo, pp. 142.
420. Harper & Bros. 60 cents.
Gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Teachers' landbook of Arithmetic By G. C. Shutts.
Idylls of the Golden Shore. By Hu Maxwell. 12mo, pp. 16mo, pp. 69. Paper. Ginn & Co. 30 cents.
233. Gilt top, G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Mother Carey's Chickens. A Book of Verse. By Wil. [Any book in this list will be mailed to any address, post-paid,
bur Larremore. 16mo, pp. 90. Gilt top. Cassell & Co. $1. on receipt of price by Messrs. A. O. MCCLURG & Co., Chicago.]
Easter Bells. Illustrated in Monotint. Square 12mo,
pp. 32. Paper. Gilt edges. J. B. Lippincott Co. 75
cents.
FICTION.
TO AUTHORS.-The New York BUREAU OF REVISION
Steadfast: The Story of a Saint and a Sinner. By Rose I gives critical opinions on manuscripts of all kinds,
Terry Cooke, author of "Somebody's Neighbors."
edits them for publication, and offers them to publishers.
12mo, pp. 426. Ticknor' and Co. $1.50.
George William Curtis says in Harper's Magazine: “Read.
A Quaker Girl of Nantucket, By Mary Catherine Lee. ing manuscripts with a view to publication is done, as it
16mo, pp. 320. Iloughton, Mifilin & Co. $1.25.
should be, professionally, by the Easy Chair's friend and
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301
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THE WRITINGS OF
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302
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303
THE DIAL
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304
[March, 1880.
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READY SHORTLY. – LESTER WALLACK’S REMINISCENCES.
MEMORIES OF FIFTY YEARS.
By LESTER WALLACK.
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306
[April,
THE DIAL
Sun.
HARPER & BROTHERS DODD, MEAD & COMPANY
HAVE JUST PUBLISHED:
Publish April 5th :
MOTLEY'S LETTERS.
LIFE OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE.
TIIE CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN
LOTHROP MOTLEY, D. C.L. Author of "The
With a critical estimate of his character and
History of the United Netherlands," “ The Life
public acts. By BAYARD TUCKERMAN. In
and Death of John of Barneveld,” 6 The Rise of
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
VOL. IX. APRIL, 1889. No. 108. ment worthy of their illustrious author.
--
--
-
----
Washington's official life has been known to
--
all the world; but Washington the man must
CONTENTS.
be studied chiefly in his own writings, which,
fortunately, are abundant. Even in the
WASHINGTON THE MAN. J. J. Halsey ..... 309
mutilating and emasculating transcription of
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Octave Thanet 313 Sparks, thoughtful readers have long recog.
nized a master mind; and in their original
SIR HENRY VANE. W. F. Poole . . . . . . . . 316
unstudied and often artless form is the rev.
RECENT PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES. John Bascom 319 elation of a character only less admirable than
his achievements. Is it a fame which the
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. William Morton Payne 323
savior of his country would have coveted,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ........... 328 which has, within a hundred years of his
Brownell's French Traits.-Mrs. Gilchrist's The great deeds, stripped him of a large portion
True Story of Hamlet and Ophelia.- Percival of that humanity which is common to all men,
Lowell's The Soul of the Far East.-Abbott's Flis.
and idealized him, nay, almost apotheosized
tory of Greece.-The Five Talents of Woman.-
him, into a personage, an emotionless abstrac-
Mrs. Gordon's From Lady Washington to Mrs.
tion? Yet so it has been; and Washington
Cleveland.-Jessopp's The Coming of the Friars,
the man whose heart beat high with enthu-
and Other Historic Essays.-David Gray's Letters,
siasm, whose eye kindled with fire, whose
Poems, and Prose Writings.--Higginson's Travel.
strong passions proved him a strong man,
while the life-long grasp of an iron self-
lers and Outlaws.-Mayeux's Manual of Decora-
control upon them proved him a great man,
tive (Composition.-Kennedy's Lifeof Longfellow.
whose loving heart prompted him to take
-Frost's and French's Lives of the Presidents,
little children on his knees and laugh with
froin Washington to Cleveland.
them in their prattle, or, while tears rained
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS ........ 331 down his face, to kiss at parting the grim old
soldier who had been his companion in arms
TOPICS IN APRIL PERIODICALS ....... 332
during the long years of the long war,-has
BOOKS OF THE MONTIL ..........
been plastered over with a mask of abstract
virtues until mummified out of all semblance
to a living man. The common conception of
WASHINGTON THE MAN.*
Washington is of a being made up of large
In this year, and especially in this month,
intellect, iron will, and almost superhuman
the thoughts of all Americans turn to the
morality, but of one in whose composition
character of Washington, as we are about to
the emotions form no part. It is time the
witness another of the many centennial cele-
cerements should be stripped away. Per-
brations, which yet, to the student of political
chance if we survey again some of the char-
history, commemorates the most important
acteristics of the man which gave him control
event of the Revolution period. It is fitting
of the men of his day, and shall seek their
that the occasion be made memorable by
source in his common humanity, we may do
ceremonies and displays, which shall lack something to bring down the personage to the
nothing of impressiveness that can be given
level of the common gaze, and so find his life
by officials, orators, and people. Fitting is
a manly and healthy life, full of stimulus and
it also that at such a time renewed interest encouragement by way of example to the men
should be awakened not only in the life but
of to-day.
in the writings of Washington. The publica-
We can but glance at that trait by which
tion of these writings for the first time in a
complete and correct form, is in itself a mat-
know him only as “the boy who couldn't tell
ter for congratulation; and in the beautiful
a lie.” But Washington's integrity has a
edition which the Messrs. Putnam's Sons are
deeper meaning than merely his truthfulness.
giving them, they will form a literary monu-
It should mean for us accuracy, thoroughness,
fidelity — a trinity of virtues — in everything
* THE WRITINGS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. Collected to which he set his hand from his earliest
and Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. In 14 vol.
| days, and express a character to which nothing
umes. Volume I., 1748-1757. New York: G. P. Putnam's
was too mean or too unimportant to be done
Sons.


310
[April,
THE DIAL
to the best of his ability. This trait of utter ing of the republic, as he had pu
honesty manifests itself all through life, his every act of his previous life. Let us be-
private and public. We see it in his child ware of taking from this great man all
code of conduct which he copied out in his credit for his virtue by calling it his nature.
hood days, in his manuscript school-books, It became his nature because it began as a
which, as Irving says, are models of neatness, matter of conscience,—to do accurately, to do
and accuracy, as well as in the remarkable thoroughly, to do faithfully, at every moment
boyish hand, and which has a living interest of his career.
because we know that “he folwede it him No outward manifestation of Washington's
selve.” It still speaks in the land surveys character has been more misunderstood than
which he made before he was seventeen, and what has been called his imperturbability.
of which we are told that “surveyors of to He has been set forth in the current tradition
day, as they run over them, confirm his ac as a man of so placid and yet iron composure
curacy and skill.” It is seen in his planter that our admiration has been excited at the
days, when “any barrel of flour that bore the expense of our sympathy, and we have been
brand of George Washington, Mount Vernon,' prone to think that he lived in a marvellous
was exempted from the customary inspection atmosphere, above the disturbances which try
in West India ports.” It expresses itself in | ordinary minds and hearts. Not until we un-
his public life, when, as a delegate to the | derstand the secret of this imperturbable
Congress of 1774, he made it the one purpose | demeanor can we rate it at its true value, and
of his presence in Philadelphia to attend all see the heroic proportions of the man. It
the sessions of the Congress, without let or hin- | meets us at every turn, in every phase of his
drance, throughout the two months of its sit- active life; but in three great crises of his
ting; when he refused to take any pay for his life, which were also national crises, it is es-
services beyond his expenses during the seven pecially noticeable. Thrice was he called to
years of the war; in the habit, which became stand where everything was expected and
a life-long one, of copying out any important little was conceded—where a weaker man
paper which it was his office, and therefore would have broken out in bitter recrimina-
his duty, to master. Throughout a half cen tions, and would have carried with him the
tury of public service, one great secret of his sympathetic verdict of history. All through
success with men was that everyone knew that the disgraceful campaigns of the French and
whatever George Washington should under Indian War, this man, who was already prov-
take would be made a case of conscience, and ing himself the first soldier of America, was
done as if it were the one thing of most im forced to follow the lead of military coxcombs,
portance among the affairs of men. No one to see the labors of strengthening the im-
was a more trusted surveyor than this boy of perilled frontiers, to which he had almost
sixteen, no member of the local legislature given his life, thrown to the winds by incom-
was more looked to for accurate statement and petency, and to have no apparent reward.
judicious counsel than this painstaking and Yet neither neglect nor illness could prevent
conscientious man, even in his early twenties. | him from giving a subaltern service with a
No other man among the many men of mili fidelity which more than once almost forced
tary training had any chance whatever of be- | success upon his incapable superiors. But
coming commander of the rebels around the heart of a man who knew his own worth
Boston when they became the Congressional was stung by the consistent insolence which
army, because it was known that Washington | depreciated the provincial soldiery, and his
among them all was the soldier who would patriotism was outraged by the stupidity
make it the work of all his hours to turn the which was sacrificing a whole people to ques-
rebellion into a successful revolution. No one tions of precedency at the War Office in Lon-
was in the mind of any American for presid- | don. The heart of a man impetuous, impul-
ing officer of the Constitutional Convention sive, enthusiastic, speaks to us from his letters,
of 1787 but the man who, so soon as it was but with a generous and large-souled indigna-
determined that he was to be in the conven tion which was for friends only, while in the
tion, devoted continuous study to the history face of the world a serene and patient service
of all former federations. In truth, this man went on, because there was a place somewhere
had that “infinite capacity for taking pains” | for it.
which is the mark of great men. And when, Out of these years of abnegation he came a
finally, he was chosen first President under the marked man, conspicuous for steadfastness
Constitution without any competitor, it was and self-control, fertile in resource, rich in
because men knew that the soldier who had experience. When the minds of all worthy
put his conscience into the great rebellion was men, consenting to his destiny, called him to
the first statesman of the land, and could be the command in 1775, the second and largest
trusted to put his conscience into the found- | trial began, and the character of Washington,


1889.]
311
THE DIAL
now in its matured prime, faced the world for ment was in the support of all men during
seven stormy years:
those critical years of organization. There was
“Wearing the white flower of a blameless life,
but one opinion. Washington alone could unite
Before a thousand peering littlenesses,
the warring factions in loyalty to the new
In that tierce light which beats upon a throno undertaking until it could be brought beyond
and blackens every blot."
the stage of experiment. Thus, a hundred
Manifold were the trials which came to him,
years ago, the first administration was formed
and found him imperturbable; but threefold with a cabinet unique in composition. No
were the wrongs that were done him, and yet | other President has had the tremendous task
that broke not through that composure of of presiding over councils in which the two
triple strength which girt him round. His is
greatest partisan leaders the country has
the only case in modern warfare of a general produced were asked to coöperate. But,
faithfully carrying out the orders of a legis alas, men are but mortal, and the attempt
lative body, with no civil executive to stand to yoke spirits so contrary as Alexander
between him and this hundred-headed govern Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson bid fair
ment, to shield him from the paralyzing effects to prove as disastrous as Phaethon's ex-
of their divided and partisan counsels, and to periment with the steeds of the sun. It
preserve for his military movements that succeeded only because a firmer hand than
cover of secrecy so essential to success. It is Phaethon's held the reins, but at the expense
pathetic to read how this general, for seven of the peace of mind of the successful chariot-
years holding the field against foes who far eer. To hold a firm and yet impartial gov-
outnumbered him, for seven years patiently ernment over a people demoralized by a long
educated his masters, acting as brain to think war, followed by years of headless and nerve-
as well as arm to strike for them; how he not less government, would have been a difficult
only led his men to victory and held them in task under any circumstances; but for the
defeat, but reasoned a reluctant Congress into rival chiefs of party to engage in almost daily
equipping and feeding the men they had sent warfare in the cabinet might well destroy the
forth. It is more than pathetic, it is piteous, unity and enervate the strength of even a
to read how in the dark days before Monmouth time-tested administration. How serious were
this Congress, which had been constrained by the complications within the cabinet, at a time
its general to purge itself from incompetency, when the situation demanded a coherent and
discussed the removal from his command of
united purpose, may be gathered from the
the man who had done his duty and theirs. cry of agony which was more than once ex-
But his serene and reposeful demeanor never torted from this strong man. Yet it was a
deserted him. The man who could rule his rare occasion in his life when he exclaimed
spirit thus in the face of half-hearted masters that he had “never repented but once the
was not one to blench when the cabals of en having slipped the moment of resigning office,
vious generals gathered about him, or when and that was every moment since.” He had
the sectional jealousies of his regiments com rather be in his grave than in his present posi-
pelled the tactician to play the diplomatist. tion. He had rather be on his farm“ than to be
Neither desertion by troops loyal only to their made emperor of the world,” and yet they
province, nor the unworthy intrigues of jeal | were charging him with "wanting to be made a
ous surbordinates, nor the wavering faith of king.” Here comes out the heart weariness
the Congress, could overthrow that composure of a man who had already given a life's work
which we so wonder at to-day. There was to his country, and who turned with long-
power in it-the tremendous power of reserve ing to that domestic life which was so dear to
force; and it triumphed.
him, yet of which it was his destiny to have
* Firmly erect he towered above them all.
so little. Only after such an explosion of
pent-up feeling are we able to realize that
With iron curb that armed democracy."
wonderful equanimity and self-control of his:
We can allude only in the briefest way to only then do we understand that Washington's
the third crisis of Washington's life. The Ship imperturbable demeanor was not a negative
of State was to be launched, and the success but a positive thing, a life-long constraint
ful general was chosen to be the helmsman for which he imposed upon himself, because he
her first cruise. Great men, second only to was always called to stand above other men
Washington, were already ranging themselves and set them an example of that share of the
in two great parties--one generous and liberal god-like which is attainable by men. It was an
in its attitude toward the new Constitution; ever-present feeling of responsibility which
the other jealous and critical of any slightest caused him to look upon himself as in no sense
interpretation which could not be found in his own and permitted to live his own life as
the very letter of the great document. Yet it came to him. It was the recognition of his
the only hope of success for the untried govern- | call to a singular work which sobered and bal-
The incarnate discipline that was to free


312
[April,
THE DIAL
anced and ennobled him, until he stands be- / ships, of the most pitiful compassion. Here
fore us the serenest character in history.
is no warrior by profession, no man-at-arms,
For this recognition involved three things whose heart is steeled to human woes which
which we must comprehend to understand this his own ambitions have caused, but a citizen
serenity. The first was his knowledge of and a patriot soldier, who comes from the
himself and confidence in his own resources, fields and fireside which he loves only because
which his conspicuous merit in the eyes of his he puts country before all else. Yet it is to
countrymen gradually forced upon his modest | his private life that we must look most to
and self-sacrificing nature. Beautifully is it find that susceptibility and responsiveness
expressed in the letter to his “dear Patsey" which warrant us in calling him essentially a
at the time of his appointment as commander man of feeling. We shall see it in his earliest
in-chief. This inevitable knowledge of his years, in his strong love for his mother, which
own character, of his own pure and lofty tears him from a chosen career; in his tender
motives, of his own ability and success in all | care of his dying brother Lawrence; in his
that he had hitherto undertaken, nerved him juvenile love affair, of which he writes so
for his future achievements as general and comically and yet so pensively to his “dear
president, and inspired his unchanging aspect | friend Robin”; in the feeling accounts which
in the face of lukewarmness and intrigue, as he writes of sufferings among frontier settlers
well as of battle. But his confidence in the good in the old Braddock days, or later revelations
cause was as abiding, from his utterance in of his anguish amid the distresses of his army
1769, “that no man should scruple or hesitate at Valley Forge. His friendship for Lafayette
a moment to use arms in defense of so valua was one which seems to have given to the
ble a blessing," down to the year which we younger man all that paternal love which the
commemorate, when he took upon him the old veteran would have given to his own son,
initiation of the Federal government, with a had fortune so blessed him. For Greene, cut
full conviction that the heart of the nation off in his prime, he lamented as for a brother.
was back of his government as it had been Tears streamed down his face, and emotion
back of his armies. Finally, the underlying choked the utterance of any words, as he took
source of confidence was his trust in the God leave of the comrades of seven years of cam-
of Battles and of Nations, which appears again paigning; while to the veteran Knox, who
and again in his writings. He knew that Provi. had been so near him, he gave the embrace of
dence is not always on the side of the strongest brothers. If negative testimony is worth any.
battalions, and his whole life evinces a trust thing, then the absence of nearly every letter
in the God of the Pilgrims which many a that passed between Washington and his
Puritan by birthright might have envied. It wife, due to their deliberate destruction by
was these confidences, woven into one, which Mrs. Washington, proves that these letters
made him stand serene in the midst of the were not wholly occupied with agriculture or
most disheartening circumstances, and explain politics, but would have opened to us that in-
to us the calm and repose which were so sel ner sanctuary of domestic affection of which
dom absent from his conduct. If we have we catch glimpses, and which the woman who
admired and wondered as we have looked held the key thereto considered sacred. That
upon his unmoved features, let us the more this great soldier and profound statesman
admire and also reverence as we look beneath, loved little children, we now know. His
and see the strong impulses, the intense feel. wife's children became his own; and when
ing, the throbbing emotions, which make this John Custis's early death left two little ones
man one of ourselves. He is grand because fatherless, the home of their father's child-
he is so human.
hood became theirs also. It is well to re-
" A nature too decorous and severe,
member that Washington's life was not one
Too self-respectful in its griefs and joys
“ cold to the pathos of children,” but that his
For ardent girls and boys,
home was the home of two generations of
Who find no genius in a mind so clear
little ones, and that its walls for many years
Nor a soul great that made so little noise."
heard their prattle and merry laughter. It
Indeed, the one characteristic of Washington is time to emphasize what we have seen so
which most of us have ignored so long that much evidence of, that the imperturbable
we have become unconscious of it, was the one bearing produced by a life full of great dan-
that his countrymen should cherish most. gers and tremendous responsibilities was a
Let us, then, learn to know him as the most mask, behind which glowed a heart alive with
sympathetic of men, with a tender and sensi all the generous emotions of a large humanity.
tive heart, quick to respond to the hearts Let us realize, once for all, that because the
about him, of deep and strong and even greatest American did not wear his heart upon
tempestuous feelings, capable of the warm his sleeve, it is only the most superficial reader
est attachments, of the most lasting friend- / of history who will go on maintaining the
That its grave depths seem obvious and near,


1889.]
313
THE DIAL
worn-out tradition of an after age—that he is very agreeable, albeit with an occasional
Washington was great and good, but cold and | acridity of tone—for example, in the descrip-
impassive. No; from the day when, “sigh tion of the London physician (page 41), who
ing like a furnace," he had his first attack of showed him attention, but fares no better at
love-sickness,—from the time when, amid the his hands than to be styled “a gentleman of
excitement of his first battle, he boyishly said, considerable literary culture,” living “in a
“I heard the bullets whistle, and, believe me, pretentious house”; or the funny account of
there is something charming in the sound,” to the Auerbachs' squabble (page 80), and the
those last moments when he looked calmly into unflattering description of the famous novelist.
the eyes of the wife who said, as his soul went The best parts of the Introduction are the
out, " I shall soon follow him, I have no more glimpses of the Carlyles and the evening spent
trials to pass through,”_Washington's strong with De Quincey, which is a pathetic episode,
impulsive nature was steadily growing into a well if rather floridly told. There is about the
marvel of self-control, marvellous because the whole book a naive delight in the courtesies
warm-hearted and loving traits remained to shown the writer, which hovers between ego-
the end, and the man of quick and genuine tism and simplicity, and is more amusing than
feeling ever shone through. Let us say of anything else. It is like the unaffected ego-
him, as was said of the only other American tism of a private journal. And there is, in
that can compare with him :
this part especially, a carelessness of expression
which sometimes is quite slipshod,--as in such
“ His was no lonely mountain peak of mind,
Thrusting to thin air o'er our cloudy bars,
phrases as “ The belligerents cooled off some,”
A sea-mark now, now lost in vapors blind;
and the description of Auerbach, “He was a
Broad prairie, rather, genial, level.lined,
very genial gentleman, short, rather stout,
Fruitful and friendly for all human kind,
Yet also nigh to heaven and loved of loftiest stars." with a decided Hebrew nose, to which race he
belonged.” Dr. Wight, however, only “throws
J. J. Halsey. . in” the first part of his book to show us how
well equipped he is for the profound political
studies which he pursues in the latter part.
He visits the different people of the Aryan
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
race, to compare their political systems. Nat-
Dr. Wight's Introduction to his “Winding
urally, one gets about four words of actual
—and for the most part perfunctory-obser-
Journey” is more interesting than the book
vation to six of moralizing. But there is con-
itself. The Introduction deals with his ex-
siderable shrewdness in some of his reflections;
periences as a young man in Europe; and he
and he is very interesting in all that he says
knew so many notable people that wherever
about Australia. Here is not a badly admin.
he trusts himself to his reminiscences wholly
istered rap at Mr. Kennan—alluding to the
latter's dramatic appearance before a literary
* PEOPLE AND COUNTRIES VISITED IN A WINDING
JOURNEY ROUND THE WORLD. By 0. W. Wight, editor society, in rags and chains, to read letters from
of Madame De Staël's “ Germany," etc. Boston: Hough. Russian state prisoners:
ton, Mifflin & Co.
"If an enterprising Russian journalist, with little
AALESUND TO TETUAN. By Charles R. Corning. Bos.
knowledge of the comparative history of civiliza-
ton: Cupples & Hurd.
tion, with faulty knowledge of the prison system
GIBRALTAR. By Henry M. Field. With Illustrations.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
of the United States, with no special knowledge
FOOTPRINTS OF TRAVEL. Journeyings in Many Lands.
of the prison systems of various nations, were to
By Maturin M. Ballou. Boston: Ginn & Co.
appear before a choice audience of ladies and gen-
THE LAND BEYOND THE FOREST.: Facts, Figures, and
tlemen in St. Petersburg, dressed in the garb of
Fancies from Transylvania, By E. Gerard. With Maps Sing Sing prison, with ball and chain attachment,
and Illustrations. New York: Harper & Brothers.
such as is sometimes used, and read some pathetic
ON HORSEBACK. A Tour in Virginia, North Carolina, letters from ex-convicts, he might underve some
and Tennessee. With Notes of Travel in Mexico and high dignitary of the Russian government, might
California. By Charles Dudley Warner. Boston: Hough. elicit tears from some brilliant writer, might
ton, Mifflin & Co.
awaken sympathy with the victims of a cruel gov-
B. C. 1887. A Ramble in British Columbia. By J. A.
ernment, and might arouse indignation towards the
Lees and W. J. Clutterbuck, authors of "Three in Yor.
way." With Map and Illustrations. New York: Long.
unfeeling barbarism of the Great Republic."
mans, Green & Co.
Query: Why does Dr. Wight go to Sing
SHOSHONE AND OTHER WESTERN WONDERS. By Ed.
Sing for his costumes?
wards Roberts. With Illustrations. New York: Harper
The striped suit of
& Brothers.
the Sing Sing man is a garb of luxury com-
DAYLIGHT LAND. The Experiences, Incidents, and pared with the dress of a convict in any of our
Adventures, Humorous and Otherwise, which Befel
Southern prison-camps. Mr. Kennan can find
Judge John Doe, Tourist, of San Francisco; Mr. Cephas
Pepperell, Capitalist, of Boston; Colonel Goffe, the Man
as picturesque rags in Arkansas or Alabama as
from New Hampshire; and Divers Others, in Their Par. in Siberia; and, to our shame be it spoken, as
lor-Car Excursion over Prairie and Mountain; as Re.
blood-curdling tales of woe and cruelty and
corded and Set Forth by W. H. H. Murray. With
Illustrations. Boston: Cupples & llurd.
unspeakable degradation.


314
[April,
THE DIAL
Mr. Corning, author of " Aalesund to Tet-| of which he is the author; but from his in-
uan,” has travelled over very much the same terest in “ youth ” expressed in the preface,
ground as Mr. Wight. He deals less with and his general safe moral tone, I judge that
political platitudes ( which is not to be de he is connected with Education. Reading
plored), and has more to say about the individ his latest book, “Foot-prints of Travel,” one
ual aspects of travel — all in an easy, agree- admires to see how slightly the average travel-
able, well-bred way, not especially original ler touches the life of the peoples whom he
or brilliant, but helped by a twang of humor visits. But at the same time Mr. Ballou's
and a vivacious good-nature. Better descrip book is accurate apparently, pleasantly writ-
tion than his of a Spanish bull-fight it is hard ten, and serves much the same purpose as
to find anywhere. The Norse chapters are es Murray or Baedecker. It gives a clear view
pecially good. The book is very handsomely | of the outlines of the geography, government,
printed.
and social customs of the nations described.
Dr. Field's book on Gibraltar has several All those—and they are all who have read
distinct advantages over more voluminous the book—who enjoyed “The Waters of Her-
travels. For one thing, it has a single clean- cules,” will be attracted by Madame Gerard's
cut subject, and the reader's mind must not sympathetic and vivid analysis of Transyl-
perforce skim on weary wing over a chaos of vanian life. « The Land Beyond the Forest"
peoples, and clothes, and manners, and things | represents to the ordinary tourist a medley
to eat. Gibraltar also has a unique position of Hungarians, Roumanians, Saxons, and
and a thrilling history. The author has made swarthy Gipsy musicians. The tourist's wife
a charming book out of the rock in the sea. knows that wonderful things in “cross-
His story of the “Great Siege" is admirable, stretch” may be picked up there for a trifle;
—terse, graphic, full of picturesque detail. and, if musical, the tourist indistinctly asso-
The final attack by sea has a peculiar interest ciates Transylvania with the Gipsy Band and
to Americans, as in it, more than a hundred weirdly fascinating melodies. Most readers
years ago, was foreshadowed the iron war-ship interested in Continental politics know vaguely
of to-day. The French engineer dreamed of that there is some kind of botheration about
the future monitors.
the country, and a sort of conflict of races
“His battering-ships were in outward shape al always simmering under the surface. But all
most exactly what the Merrimac' was in our civil these classes may find, as our friend the
war. He did everything except case them with Amateur Photographer would express it, a
iron, the art of rolling plates of wrought iron, “ clearing solution” for their ideas in this
such as are now used in the construction of ships,
charming book. Here we do touch the life
not being then known. But if they could not be
plated' with iron on the outside they were ‘backed'
of the people. Madame Gerard has no ten-
by ribs of oak within. Inside their enormous hulls
derness for the Saxons, though she does jus-
was a triple thickness of beams, braced against the
tice to their noble traits. She finds them “an
sides. Next to this was a layer of sand, in which unlovely race” morally as well as physically.
it was supposed a cannon-ball would bury itself as in “Their features, of a sadly unfinished wooden
earth. To this sand-bag, resting against its oaken appearance, irresistibly reminded” her of “the
backing, there was still an inner lining in a thick
figures of Noah and his family out of a six-
wall of cork, which, yielding like india-rubber,
would offer the best resistance to the penetration
penny Noah's ark ;" while she found them
of shot. Having thus protected the hulls, it was
callous, mistrustful, greedy and brutal to a
only necessary to protect the crews. For this the
degree. She gives doubtless the true explana-
decks were roofed with heavy timbers, which were tion for the Saxon's repelling character : he
covered with ropes, and next with hides, after the has remained through his seven centuries in
manner of the ancient Romans.”
Transylvania, in the land but not of it; he
All this has rather a primitive sound; but | has not been able to grow with the growth of
the Spaniards shared the Frenchman's pride the fatherland to which his affections still
in them, and boasted with him that they cling tenaciously, and at war with the races to
“could not be burnt, nor sunk, nor taken.” which he has come, cheated and betrayed at
The garrison's defence was hot shot. The every turn, gradually he has stiffened into the
famous battering-ships might not be sunk or porcupine egotism of to-day. “The habit of
taken, but burnt they could be, and “at mid mistrust, developed almost to an instinct, can-
night nine out of the ten battering-ships were not easily be got rid of, even if there be no
on fire." But for the thrilling scenes of the longer cause to justify it." The author thus
conflict the reader must be referred to Dr. sums up the situation :
Field; he will be glad of the direction. The
" While compelling our admiration by the solid
book is illustrated, apparently from photo virtues and independent spirit which have kept him
graphs; and the illustrations might have been what he is, the Saxon peasant often shows to dis-
omitted with small loss.
advantage beside his less civilized, less educated
I do not know much regarding Mr. M. M. , and also less honest neighbor the Roumanian."
Ballou, beyond a long list of books of travel | The Roumanian, a sort of Rip Van Winkleish


1889.]
315
THE DIAL
character, has plainly won Madame Gerard's and painstaking observer; he has a graceful
heart; and it is a very winning portrait which and vivid touch as a delineator either of scen-
she draws of their family affection, their ery or human nature, and has the further gift
kindly courtesy to strangers, their hospitality, of going directly to the point of a matter.
generosity, and gentleness. To be sure, they | His sketches of the West have more than a
steal and lie, and are so untidy-to use no passing interest, since they do not simply de-
stronger word—that they tell of one of their scribe the panoramic life of to-day, but deal
“ popas," or priests, who, being offered a seat with the causes of our difference from the East,
by an old Hungarian gentleman, declined, “as, and of both our virtues and our defects, thus
he considerately observed that he should not compared. To some of the readers of “Sho-
like to distress the noble gentleman by leaving shone and Other Western Wonders," there is
vermin in his furniture." But this must be more interest in Mr. Roberts's description of
regarded as an extreme instance. Of all the Nebraska and the great wheat plains than in
races described, the Hungarian (who is only the wonders of the Yellowstone. The book is
incidentally mentioned) produces on the reader illustrated by reproductions of some very
the sole impression of nobility and manliness, clever photographs, presumably taken by the
combined with the traits which win affection. author.
Madame Gerard thus sums up the three races: We return to the tourist pure and simple
“ The Saxons have been men, and right good men
| when we take up “A Ramble in British Co-
too, in their day, but that day has gone by, and lumbia.” One cannot help being touched by
they are now rapidly degenerating into mere fossil | the simple faith which the average British
antiquities, physically deteriorated from constant traveller seems to have in the importance of
intermarriage, and morally opposed to any sort of his personal impressions. He dilates on the
progress involving amalgamation with the sur-
conclusions which are borne in on his mind
rounding races. The Hungarians are men in the
(where they harden into immovable rigidity),
full sense of the word, perhaps all the more so that
they are a nation of soldiers rather than men of
after the most cursory glimpses of men and
science and letters. The Roumanians will be men places, sure that all the world hungers to hear
a few generations hence, when they learn to shake them. The gentlemanly tourists in British
off the habits of slavery and have learned to recog- | Columbia do not spare us a deduction, and
nise their own value.”
give us their opinions rather than their experi-
It is a long distance from Transylvania to ence. This is not saying that the book is not
Virginia and North Carolina, but there is some interesting; it is, whenever the author forgets
thing akin in all primitive peoples. And in to be humorous and gives us a straightforward
one respect Madame Gerard and Mr. Dudley | narrative. Moreover, he has the advantage of
Warner are alike: they both draw life from a fresh theme—a wonderful new country where
the fireside, not out of the car windows. It is no other Philistines have ventured; and in
impossible for Mr. Warner to be dull. “Bad many respects he improves his opportunities.
whiskey !" says the Irishman, “there is no bad
The much-heralded book of Mr. Murray,
whiskey; some whiskey is better than others.” “ Daylight Land,” expands into 338 pages the
At times in his latest book, “On Horseback,” | ecstacies of four middle-aged travellers and
Mr. Warner may fall below his own mark; sportsmen over the scenery on the Canadian
but there is not a page to be skipped. The Pacific, the game of Southern Canada, and the
negro and the Southerner are painted inimit luxuries of the railway table. The book is
ably. Take for example the picture of the superbly illustrated with one hundred and
meeting at the negro church. Here is a touch forty designs in color, made under the super-
true to life:
vision of Mr. Millet; the paper, printing, and
“ The irresponsibility of this amiable race was
mechanical appointments generally, are exquis-
exhibited in the tardiness with wbich they assem-
ite; altogether, it is a delight to the eye, and
bled. At the appointed time nobody was there ex-
I dare say the admirers of Mr. Murray's per-
cept the sexton; it was three-quarters of an hour fervid style will be equally delighted with the
before the congregation began to saunter in, and descriptions. The best thing in the book is
the sermon was nearly over before the pews were at the story of “The Two Flags,” and perhaps
all filled."
the worst outrage on taste is the tale of the
An interesting part of the Mexican notes is the hermit of Fraser. Are we to take this dime-
description of the Titian in the Tczintezun novel stew of horrors for a veracious narrative?
tczan convent. Mr. Warner has no doubts | On the title-page we are explicitly invited to
of its genuineness.
believe that Mr. Murray will give us the real
"It is possible that this picture is a replica of one travels of real persons through a real country.
somewhere in Europe. I think that anyone familiar | We expect some flights of the imagination
with the works of Titian would say that this is in about fish; but a hermit and a cave, and a secret
his manner, that in color and composition it is like
passage, and picture of a woman with a dag-
his best pictures."
ger through her heart, and all our other child-
Mr. Edwards Roberts is not only a shrewd l hood friends of the New York “ Ledger," cut


316
[April,
THE DIAL
a very queer figure in company with Mr. Mur- standing army, the arbitrary proceedings of
ray's respectable Judge, and Capitalist, and the Long and Rump Parliaments, the auto-
“Man from New Hampshire.” Mr. Murray cratic rule of the Protector,-and the demo-
seems to be of the same opinion; for having cratic system which prevailed in the isolated
worked his blood-curdling plot to a climax, he American Colonies and the nation which
drops the hermit with startling abruptness. sprang from them. Sir Harry Vane was one,
Mr. Murray's sentiment is of rather a coarse but not the only, “link which bound America
texture ; but he has a genuine feeling for to the land of our fathers.” Other statesmen
Nature, if he does belabor her with common had their training in America, and, going over
place adjectives; and his descriptions of sport to England during the period of the Puritan
all through the book are good,--notably, the revolution, filled important public stations.
contest of the Man from New Hampshire with From 1640 to 1650 emigration to New Eng-
his old blunderbuss of a gun. But taking the land well nigh ceased; for more persons went
book as a whole, one cannot but wonder why back to take part in the struggle in Old Eng.
it is not better.
land than came over. One of these persons was
OCTAVE THANET. Sir George Downing, of Salem, a graduate of
Harvard College, who became a chaplain and
----
commissary general in Cromwell's army, a
member of Parliament, and resident agent in
SIR HENRY VANE.*
Holland. On the restoration of Charles II., he
The expectations awakened by Professor
was again elected to Parliament, was created a
Hosmer's admirable “Life of Samuel Adams”
baronet, made secretary of the treasury and
-noticed in Tue Dial of July, 1885 (VI. 65)
commissioner of customs. Downing street in
-have not been realized in his “Life of Sir
London perpetuates his name. Hugh Peters
was another such man. He came over to New
Henry Vane”; and yet the later work gives
evidence of careful study and wide research.
England in 1635, was settled in Salem, took a
The insertion of matter which has only an
prominent part in the affairs of the colony,
incidental relation to the subject breaks up
and went back to England in 1641, was a
the simplicity of the narrative. The book
chaplain in the army, and a trusted adviser of
would have been more easily read if this mat-
Cromwell. He was one of the judges who
ter had been printed in smaller type and used
tried and condemned Charles I., and was be-
as foot-notes, or been omitted altogether,
headed as a regicide. Robert Sedgwick and
Such speculations as these are unprofitable,-
Thomas Graves went back from Charlestown,
whether it was well that England and America
Massachusetts. The former became major-
were severed by the Revolution ? and how
general in Cromwell's army, and the latter
there is to be “the coming together again of
rear-admiral in Cromwell's navy. “'Tis in-
the English-speaking race into some kind of
credible,” said a writer of that period, “what
bond, moral if not political”? “To me,” says
an advantage to preferment it was to have
the Professor, “it appears a consummation
been a New Englishman!”
devoutly to be wished.” A renewal of the
Few subjects for biography are so attractive
political bond with Great Britain is the most
to a historical student as that of Sir Harry
un-American idea that could be suggested;
Vane the younger. He was in public life dur-
ing the stormiest period of Massachusetts and
and the least that is said about the “moral
bond”-if the term has any meaning—the
English history. He was a many-sided man,
better will be the friendly feeling between
and of immerse intellectual resources. On
the two nations. Each has a destiny of its
his political side he was fearless and sagacious,
own to work out, and it is too late to specu-
the leader of Parliament after the death of
late on the two nations being more closely
| Pym, the trusted adviser of Cromwell; and
associated than they are at present. There is
yet, when the pressure of business was not
a greater probability that their complex com-
upon him, he was a dreamer, and writer of re-
mercial and territorial interests will take them
ligious and political tracts which have been
further apart. A fanciful theory of the writer
regarded as visionary and unintelligible. At
also permeates the book, that “the English
a time when a universal toleration of relig.
Commonwealth was a forecast of America."
ious and political opinions was unknown, he
There was an interchange of ideas between
put forth the doctrine, and through life de-
fended it with the energy of passion and the
the two countries; but nothing could be more
dissimilar in form and practice than the meth-
subtlety of his brilliant intellect, that all per-
ods of the English Commonwealth--with its
sons are equal, are under the law endowed
with equal rights, and should be free to express
* THE LIFE OF SIR HENRY VANE, Governor of Massachu. their opinions. He abhorred every form of
setts Bay, and Leader of the Long Parliament. With a persecution, even for the expression of senti-
Consideration of the English Commonwealth as a Fore.
cast of America. By James K. Hosmer. Boston: Hough.
ments which he most detested. As a Puritan
ton, Mifllin & Co.
and Genevan Calvinist, he dreaded the power


1889.)
317
THE DIAL
---
-
of the Pope; yet he zealously advocated lution of the Rump Parliament; and finally
Catholic emancipation. When the founder of quarrelled irreconcilably with Cromwell. His
the Unitarian denomination in England was | | brief experience in Massachusetts while the
arraigned for publishing his opinions, Sir the Antinomian excitement was raging, his de-
Henry appeared in his defense to protect him fense of Mrs. Ann Hutchinson, and antagonism
against the intolerance of the age. Richard to the course pursued by Governor Winthrop
Baxter and other Puritan contemporaries de in that bitter controversy, led the early New
nounced his principles as whimsical and un- | England authors to speak of him as an over-
sound. Sir James Mackintosh has said of rated man. “Few men,” says James Savage,
him: “Sir Henry Vane was one of the most the editor of Winthrop's Journal, “have done
profound minds that ever existed; not inferior, less good with greater reputation than this
perhaps, to Bacon. His works which are statesman, whose fame rings in history too
theological display astonishing powers. They loudly to require my aid in its diffusion. ...
are remarkable as containing the first direct In the pages of our author is found no defi-
assertion of liberty of conscience.”
ciency of respect towards the fanatic who
It was in 1637, when Vane was twenty-five was too much honored in his early years when
years of age, that he made his first public dec exalted as the rival of the father of Massa-
laration for liberty of conscience, which was chusetts.” Cotton Mather, in his “Magnalia,”
six years before Roger Williams published speaks of him thus: “Mr. Vane's election
his « Bloudy Tenent of Persecution." Will. [as governor of the Massachusetts Colony)
iams was banished from Massachusetts in will remain a blemish on their judgment who
1636, and it is a question whether he did not did elect him while New England remains a
take his views from Vane, who was his personal nation. . . . Before he was warm in his seat
friend and correspondent. The General Court he fell in with the sectaries, and sacrificed
of Massachusetts, with a view to keep out the peace of the State to them, leaving us a
persons who might be dangerous to the com caveat, that all good men are not fit for gov-
monwealth, had passed an order that no ernment.”
householder should entertain strangers longer Mr. Upham's Life of Sir Harry Vane fur-
than three weeks, without the consent of a nished to the public for the first time a dis-
magistrate. John Cotton, Sir Henry Vane, passionate and truthful account of this great
and others, denounced the order; and Gover man; and a more readable and graceful com-
nor Winthrop made a defense, to which Vane position never came from the pen of an
replied, and Winthrop responded. The three American biographer. A year or two later,
papers are printed in the Hutchinson Collec- Mr. John Forster prepared a life of Vane for
tions, 1669. * Vane in his paper showed the in his “ Statesmen of the Commonwealth," tak-
justice and impolicy of the order, and clearly ing his opinions and matter largely from Mr.
developed the modern doctrine of toleration, Upham, and giving due credit for the same.
which then had no foothold in the old or the Both writers are very laudatory of Vane.
new world.
Professor Hosmer, covering a wider field of
In 1662, shortly after Vane was beheaded, research, follows in a similar strain of eulogy.
an anonymous work appeared in England pur | The literary style of the two earlier biogra-
porting to be “The Life and Death of Sir phers is much superior to that of the latest,
Henry Vane." The author was George Sikes, which lacks directness and simplicity, is over-
Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; the work burdened with details, and is constantly lead-
was little more than a religious rhapsody. Until | ing the reader into by-paths when he would
fifty years ago, when Mr. Charles Wentworth like to keep in the main road. Professor
Upham wrote his life for “Sparks's American Hosmer finds it convenient to dodge some of
Biography," Sir Harry Vane held an equivo the main questions which lay in the main
cal reputation as a historical character. The track. Instead of answering the question,
tory writers of England had abused him with " What did Ann Hutchinson really teach?” it
out stint. Watt, in his “ Bibliotheca Britan is easier to term the bitter dispute which
nica,” terms him “a turbulent enthusiast in nearly brought the Massachusetts Colony to
the time of the Rebellion.” Clarendon de- an end during its first decade, “a perfect
scribed him as “a man of great natural parts, Donnybrook Fair of clashing authorities,” and
of very profound dissimulation, of a quick to quote what Mr. S. R. Gardiner and Mr.
conception, and very ready, sharp and weighty Brooks Adams have said about it. The
in expression." Carlyle abuses Vane in his subtleties of theological discussions in those
rambling, slipshod fashion, concluding his times were so refined and so foreign to the
tirade thus: “ Thou amiable, subtle, ele style of modern thought, that it is not an
vated individual, the Lord deliver me from easy question to answer; but of this we may
thee!" He fared but little better with Puritan be assured—that the brilliant and disputatious
writers, as he had opposed the arrest, trial, and woman who, for a time, turned the little
execution of Charles I. and the forcible disso. | world of Boston upside down, had a meaning;


318
[April,
THE DIAL
for she had such supporters as Vane the Gov. chusetts is a remarkable instance of precocious
ernor, John Cotton her minister, John Wheel administrative ability. He arrived in Boston
right, and a majority of the Boston church in October 1635, and on the 25th of the fol-
members. Mr. Upham addressed himself to lowing March was chosen governor, being
the task of answering the question, and he only twenty-four years of age. As the son of
did it satisfactorily. If Professor Hosmer a privy councillor, and of high personal ac-
had used Mr. Upham's book as freely as did complishments, he was joyfully received by
Mr. Forster, an exposition of Mrs. Hutchin the people. He had been in office scarcely a
son's views would have furnished him with an week before a question arose which under the
interesting chapter. The two countersigns of management of a person of less wisdom and
the controversy were, in theological phrase, prudence would have compromised the Colony
“ a covenant of faith” and a “covenant of with the home government. No British flag had
works.” It was Mr. Upham's opinion that been raised at the fort on Castle Island, for the
when we remove the outer covering of scho reason that its cross was regarded as an idola-
lastic terms used in the disputation, the views trous symbol. Governor Endicott had cut out
of Mrs. Hutchinson “would probably meet a the cross at Salem and the Colony had no flag
hearty response from enlightened Christians | of its own. A ship belonging to Sir Thomas
of all denominations at the present day.” Wentworth, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and
Governor Vane's devotion to the principle of later Earl of Strafford, arrived in Boston har-
perfect freedom in the holding and expression bor; and the captain complained to the magis-
of religious opinions doubtless led him to take trates of the lieutenant of the Castle for
up the cause of the persecuted woman. It alleged discourtesy. There were fifteen other
was a losing contest; for no people on earth vessels in the harbor, and their officers wanted
had then any conception of the principle of to know why the king's flag was not shown
religious toleration. No compromise was at the fort. The reply was made that the
possible; Vane lost his re-election as governor, Colony had none of the king's colors. “ There-
and Mrs. Hutchinson was banished. His de upon," says Winthrop,-
feat was accompanied by a scene of disorder "two of them did offer them (the colors) freely to
and violence which reminds one of a modern us. We replied, that for our part we were fully
ward primary. Governor Winthrop, the com | persuaded that the cross in the ensign was idola-
peting candidate, thus describes the annual trous, and therefore might not set it in our ensign;
election:
but because the fort was the king's and maintained
“There was great danger of a tumult that day;
in his name, we thought that his own colors might
for those of that side grew into fierce speeches, and
be spread there. So the governor accepted the
some laid hands on others; but seeing themselves
colors of Capt. Palmer, and promised they should
too weak, they grew quiet. They expected a great
be set up at Castle Island."
advantage that day, because the remote towns were While these proceedings of the magistrates
allowed to come in by proxy; but it fell out there were going on, Governor Vane invited the fif.
were enough besides."
teen captains to dinner, gave them good cheer,
On account of Vane's popularity in Boston, | then frankly talked over the matter, and
the General Court had ordered the election to stated that he would arrange it to their satis-
be held at Cambridge, then “Newtown.” The faction. It was easy,under these circumstances,
next day Boston returned Vane as one of the to adjust a very serious difficulty; for if these
deputies to the General Court, and by a tech captains had returned and reported to Went-
nicality the Court sent them home. They were worth, the implacable enemy of New England,
reëlected the following day, and took their that the Massachusetts Colony refused to raise
seats. The feeling of resentment in Boston the king's colors, the charter would have been
over Vane's defeat appears in an incident abrogated forthwith. Winthrop, Endicott,
which Winthrop complainingly relates. It | and other magistrates, while admitting the
was customary for the governor, when he at- right of the governor to act on his own re-
tended and retired from Court, to be preceded | sponsibility, withheld their consent.
by several sergeants wearing helmets and Of the magistrates, only the governor and
bearing halberds; and, on election days, for two assistants, supported by a majority of the
the sergeants of the retiring governor to at- deputies, consented to the departure of
tend the new governor from the meeting. Thomas Hooker and the Connecticut colo-
Winthrop says that the sergeants of Vane, nists in the summer of 1636. Vane's treatment
“ being all Boston men (where the new gover of the Indians was very judicious, and saved
nor [Winthrop] also dwelt), laid down their the Colony from a general Indian war. Ex-
halberds and went home; so that the new gov cept for the Hutchinson cyclone, his would
ernor was fain to use his own servants to carry have been the most successful and popular
two halberds before him, whereas the former administration of all the colonial governors.
governor had never less than four.”
When Vane returned to England in the
Sir Harry Vane's brief official life in Massa- | autumn of 1637, the three most prominent


1889.)
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319
- - -
men in the cabinet of the king were his was purged of its presbyterian members, on
father, Sir Henry Vane the elder, who was Dec. 6, 1648. He then retired, disapproving
comptroller of the treasury, Wentworth, later the policy of that act. He did not return to
Earl of Strafford, and Archbishop Laud. The his seat until Feb. 26, 1649. In the meantime
personal relations of the younger Vane to his the king had been arrested, tried, and be-
father seem to have been amicable, and yet headed. In those transactions Vane had no
with his puritan principles it was impossible part, and he earnestly disapproved of them.
that his father should give him public employ- | The Puritan Commonwealth now came in, and
ment. For the next three years little is Vane gave it his earnest support, until the
known of him; but when the Short Parlia. forcible dissolution of the Rump Parliament
ment assembled, in April 1640, he appeared by Cromwell, on April 20, 1653. In the midst of
as a member, having been elected as a puritan. those violent proceedings Cromwell cried out:
Here, without taking a leading part, he - The Lord deliver us from Sir Harry Vane !"
attracted attention by his manifest ability; Here ended Vane's public life. He retired to
and, in order to secure his influence, the king his seat at Raby Castle, and gave the remain-
conferred upon him the dignity of knight der of his life, until its tragical ending, to his
hood, and gave him, jointly with Sir William family, his books, and to the writing of re-
Russel, the office of treasurer of the navy. | ligious tracts. Cromwell needed his services,
This parliament being unmanageable was and often invited him to return to public life
dissolved, and matters in the kingdom went -their differences being political and not
from bad to worse. The Long Parliament personal; but Vane declined to leave the
met in November. In it Vane had a seat, and quietude of his home and studies. His arrest,
soon took a conspicuous position both as a de- trial, and execution, after the restoration of
bater and a leader. In the trial of the Earl Charles II., form one of the most thrilling
of Strafford he became unpleasantly involved chapters of English history. He was not a
by furnished evidence which doubtless led regicide, and his personal relations with the
to the Earl's conviction. It was a paper he beheaded king had always been friendly. His
found in a “red-velvet cabinet” in his life would probably have been saved but for
father's library where he was looking the stern, uncompromising utterances he made
for other papers at his father's request, during his trial. Death had no terrors to
and curiosity prompted him to get the him; and he seemed to covet the opportunity
key and look into the private cabinet. The of dying as a martyr in the cause of English
paper, in Strafford's handwriting, was a liberty. The speech he uttered on the scaffold
series of proposals he had made to the king in has made his name immortal.
the privy council, which showed that he was a
W. F. PoolE.
traitor to the liberties of England. Young
Vane took the paper and closed the cabinet.
When the trial came on, and he was ill at
RECENT PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES.*
home, Mr. Pym called on him, and Vane, hint-
ing of the matter, showed his visitor with some
The nine volumes in our list, coming from
reluctance the paper. Pym, who was one
France, England, Canada, and the United
of the prosecutors of the Earl before the States, all bear directly on the great spiritual
house of lords, desired to take the manuscript,
problem, the position of man in the world.
which Vane declined to give up, but allowed
All but one approach it on the side of psy.
him to make a copy, and it was used in the
chology and the relation which the powers of
trial. This is the most questionable act which
* MODERN SCIENCE IN BIBLE LANDS. By Sir J. W. Daw-
appears in the life of Vane; and yet it was son, LL.D. New York: Harper & Brothers.
justified by a vote of parliament, and by his NATURE AND MAN. Essays, Scientific and Philosophi.
cal. By William B. Carpenter. New York : D. Appleton
biographers, including Professor Hosmer.
& Company.
Vane's extraordinary ability appears in his SCIENTIFIC RELIGION. By lawrence Oliphant. Butralo:
mission to Scotland, in 1643, when he brought Charles A. Wenborne.
the Scottish people from a state of sympathy
A STUDY OF MAN AND THE WAY TO HEALTH. By J. D.
Buck, M.D. Cincinnati : Robert Clarke & Co.
with the king over to the cause of parlia-
GLIMPSES OF GREAT FIELDS. By Rev.J. A. Hall, A.M.
ment, and had them sign the “ Solemn League Boston : D. Lothrop Company.
and Covenant.” The result was seen at the THE SELF: WHAT IS IT? By J. S. Malone. Louisville:
John P. Morton and Company.
battle of Marston Moor, where an army of
MENTAL EVOLUTION IN MAN. Origin of Human Fac.
stern Scottish Covenanters, joining with those ulty. By George John Romanes. New York: D. Apple.
of Cromwell and Fairfax, crushed the army
THE PSYCHIC LIFE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS. A Study in
of Charles I.
Experimental Psychology. By Alfred Binet. Translated
On the death of Pym, in December 1643, from the French by Thomas McCormack. Chicago: The
Vane became the leader of parliament, and Open Court Publishing Co.
there was no limit to his activity and influ-
FIRST AND FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS. A Treatise on
Metaphysics. By James McCosh, D.D. New York:
ence, until, by order of Cromwell, parliament ' Charles Scribner's Sons.
ton & Company.


320
[April,
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man bear to those of the organic kingdom of cannot easily have too many of this class of
which he is a part. These volumes not only works.
indicate, by their number and the breadth of Dr. William B. Carpenter has been so
the region from which they come, the hold long known as an authority on all questions
which this supreme question has on the minds pertaining to physiology, that it is only
of men; they also show, by the variety and necessary to indicate what is to be found in his
extreme diversity of views on the subject, volume called “Nature and Man.” It opens
that the end of this discussion is not yet with an interesting sketch of the author's life,
near. The methods of reasoning employed in covering a hundred and fifty pages. This is
one of these treatises would have but little followed by fifteen articles by Dr. Carpenter,
hold on the writers of others of them. Not gathered from reviews and addresses. The book
only is there as yet no approach to the same closes with a complete list of his writings.
goal, but the methods in which these inquiries This contains two hundred and ninety-three en-
are prosecuted are not held in common. Dis tries, and stands for a vast amount of careful
sent begins with the very form of the argu- | work. The themes of the essays which consti-
ment; and so from the outset proof is tute the body of the book, and assign its name,
inefficacious except with those who share the are chiefly of a psychological and spiritual cast.
views of the author. This fact plainly proves Among them are these: “The Automatic
that, much as the investigators of our time Execution of Voluntary Movements,” “The
are disposed to scorn what they term meta Influence of Suggestion in Modifying and
physics, they can, no more than moths, escape Directing Muscular Movement Independently
the fascination of its light, and cannot hope of Volition,” “Man, the Interpreter of Na.
to bathe their wings safely in it till they have ture,” “The Psychology of Belief,” “The
settled more definitely its first terms and its Doctrine of Human Automatism,” “The
true lines of unfolding. Empiricism cannot Force behind Nature," "The Doctrine of
trace its path without the guidance of adequate Evolution in its Relation to Theism,” “The
antecedent notions; and no man developing Argument from Design in the Organic
these notions can find his way safely without | World." There are included among these
the constant guidance of facts. Men must draw essays a few of a more purely scientific
together in a common philosophy before they order. The great mass of them indicate the
can part again in profitable inquiry, each mak fascination which the higher themes of in-
ing his own contribution to the aggregate of terpretation had on the mind of the author.
knowledge.
He seemed to feel that he was putting his
We can only indicate in the briefest way knowledge to use only when it opened a path
what the reader may expect to find in each to thought in these wider directions. Dr.
of these works. “Modern Science in Bible Carpenter found no difficulty in reconciling,
Lands” treats, first, of the introduction of man under theistic faith, physical and spiritual
into the world, and his earlier development, phenomena. He says: “I have never myself
and through these discussions approaches been able to see why anything else than a
the Biblical narrative. Later, it considers complete harmony should exist between them.”
Egypt in its connection with antediluvian He regarded the laws of Nature as the expres-
times; the exodus from Egypt, and the his sion of the continuous and uniform action of
tory of Palestine as associated with its geo- a Supreme Intelligence. This view is fully
logical formation. This book unites an in presented and enforced in the volume. Its
dependent scientific temper with a disposition words are the sober and subdued words of one
to reverentially assign great weight to historic who felt broadly, and on both sides, the pres-
material. In the mind of the author, the two sure of many facts. These first two works
sources of knowledge do not lie apart with are much alike in their spiritual temper.
that conflict which they often present. He The third book, “Scientific Religion," by
brings them by his expositions much nearer Lawrence Oliphant, is of a very different
together than is usually thought possible. order, and one difficult to characterize cor-
Those attracted by an inquiry into the origin rectly in a brief space. The mind of the
and early history of man, especially those who author is penetrative, erratic, highly spiritual-
combine with this interest an interest in relig ized, and very unconventional. One is com-
ious records, will read this work of Principal pelled to lay aside ordinary standards, and
Dawson with decided satisfaction. Many estimate him by himself in every discussion.
scientists may regard its conclusions as more He is evidently inspired by a very beneficent
positive and narrow than they should be, but purpose, and has a keen, though charitable,
the grounds of the author's opinions are laid sense of the deficiencies in the world's virtue.
open so fully, and are so inclusive of all the He has also great confidence in the lines of
known facts bearing on the argument, as to correction which offer themselves to him,
demand careful and candid attention. We though certainly he cannot hope to call out as


1889.]
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yet much faith in the minds of other men in the animal ego, and the higher self; the one, an in-
reference to them. It will unduly prejudice
heritance from lower life, the other, an overshadow-
most readers to be told that the phenomena
ing from the next higher plane.... The animal
which Mr. Oliphant regards as most significant
principle is selfishness ; the divine principle is
altruism."
in the progress of knowledge are those associa-
ted with hypnotism, spiritualism, and psychical
This conception the author works out by a
facts which seem to be rather the unravelling
line of discussion whose salient features are
of our ideas than the knitting of them together.
matter and force, life in its various forms,
The fact that these phenomena do lie so much
consciousness, the higher self. The author
to one side of our ordinary experience, ought,
seems one who lacks intellectual horizon; who
perhaps, to force upon us a more careful in-
has but a very partial sense of the difficulties
quiry into them. There is one drawback,
that beset his way, and of the great variety
however, to these investigations, which we
of opinions that everywhere surrounds him.
meet with not less in Scientific Religion than
He moves confidently forward in a series of
elsewhere: the theories which accompany
assertions which appear fully to satisfy his
these weird and illusory facts are as weird and
own mind, but are by no means obvious either
illusory as the facts themselves. If we were
in their meaning or in their dependence on
to accept the hypothesis of Mr. Oliphant of
each other. He has not been sufficiently beaten
the universality of matter; that each atom is
about in the endless controversy of philosophic
surrounded by a dynasphere which itself con-
truth to find distinctly his own thought. This
tains atoms in turn enveloped in secondary
slipshod movement seems habitual. One picks
spheres, “and so on, ad infinitum"; and that
up examples anywhere.
“this dynaspheric force is the agent in these
"Two atoms attracted to each other, locked in a
phenomena of hypnotism, spiritualism, telep-
firm embrace, saturate each other and become homo-
athy, and occultism generally,” we should
geneous. Repulsion separates them just as attrac-
tion brought them together. Spirit thus impreg.
then be no nearer to understanding the problem
nates matter, while matter embodies spirit; and
than we now are. That men and spirits and
thus are created atoms and worlds. The atomic
the Divine Spirit act on each other in connec stability of elementary substances, and the compar-
tion with an infinitely pervasive force, if not ative instability of compounds, may thus turn on
an unintelligible proposition, is one which in this problem of impregnation and repulsion.” (p.42.)
the world of intellectual and spiritual relations
“Îf man's experience here and now can be shown
has for us no explanatory power whatever. If |
to be derived from both the natural and the
the world is made a plenum of atoms and
spiritual planes, then the soul is within the body,
and consciousness within the soul. If conscious-
atomic spheres, we understand it no more per-
ness is within the soul, and the soul is within the
fectly than before; nay, not quite so well,-
body, then the body is the theater in which to
for a world so stuffed with the same thing study both soul and consciousness.” (p. 284.)
loses the simplicity of relation it previously
We do not object to assertions in philosophy,
possessed. We have not reached the point in
but there must be in them a clearness and
which a “dynaspheric force” helps us in the
cohesion that give them the force of truth.
least in working out the growth of society and
The author aims at a reconciliation of science
the influence of mind upon mind. As flashes of
and religion. “I hold that true religion and
light are all the more marvellous and beauti-
true science come to the same conclusion."
ful as they penetrate and lie along the mist,
“Glimpses of Great Fields,” by Rev. J. A.
so is it in the works of Mr. Oliphant. He
Hall, is remarkably like the last volume in the
brings out his glowing insight on a background
themes offered and their order of discussion.
of impenetrable conceptions.
They are force, mind, life, the brain, the spirit-
“The Study of Man" is by J. D. Buck, M.D.
ual body. The object of the author is to
The author epitomizes his purpose in his pre-
enforce afresh the theistic view and the doc-
face, and we take in order a portion of it :
trine of immortality. He urges that forces
" The cosmic form in which all things are created,
exist independently of matter; that at least
and in which all things exist, is a universal duality.
two modes of force that of gravity and that
Involution and evolution express the two-fold pro-
cess of the one law of development, corresponding
of life-involve “a higher factor than the
to the two planes of being, the subjective and the
merely physical," and proceed under the im-
objective. Consciousness is the central fact of mediate guidance of intelligence. But if
being. . . . . Experience is the only method these two “ are to be accounted for alone on
of knowing; therefore to know is to become. . . the assumption of an underlying intelligent
. . The modulus of nature, that is, the pattern
principle, then may all modes be accounted
after which she everywhere builds, and the method
for in the same manner.” Other forces, the
to which she continually conforms, is an Ideal or
author thinks, may have been evolved from
Archetypal Man. The perfect man is the anthro-
pomorphic God, a living, present Christ in every
these under the principle of correlation. Mr.
human soul. . . . Two natures meet on the
Hall advances also the doctrine of a spiritual
human plane and are focalized in man. These are body composed of an extremely sublimated


322
[April,
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form of matter. He urges this especially “Mental Evolution in Man," by George
from the fact of memory.
John Romanes, will be regarded as a volume
“Memory implies two things. It implies an of great importance. This estimate may be
organ upon which impressions are made. It implies | readily conceded to it, when we consider the
the conservation of that organ. For when the amplitude of the presentation and the eminence
organ perishes it must be clear that the ability to the author has attained in the Empirical
recall perishes with it. . . . . Out of man's
consciousness of personal identity comes an argu-
School of philosophy. “Mental Evolution
ment for the existence of his spiritual body; a
in Man” is supplementary to “Mental Evolu-
something within man that continues through every
tion in Animals." The volume covers a wide
change; that cannot be bare matter as we know it, range, and is especially full-as it certainly
and that by virtue of its persistence enables us to needs to be-in its treatment of language in
affirm our identity."
its relation to mental powers. It is utterly
The purpose of Mr. Hall is admirable, but useless to offer any criticism of such a work
we cannot think that he has a very firm grasp in a few lines, especially if one dissents
of his premises. For example, this argument fundamentally from its conclusions. It is
from memory can hardly be allowed any | one of those works that an earnest stu-
force. In every act of memory the same dent of human intelligence ought to study,
group of fibres, Mr. Hall affirms, is again entirely aside from the correctness or incor-
brought into action which was employed in rectness of its results. The facts to be cov-
the original experience, and this fact is the ered by any theory of mind are broadly,
basis of memory. If this is true, then every clearly, and freshly presented, in that phase
act of repetition, whether of thought or feel of them which confirms the author's opinion.
ing, ought to be an act of memory; and if our | If one is to hold an adverse view wisely, he
personal identity is dependent on this form of will hardly find more readily and comprehen-
memory, then memory should, under the doc sively the things to be weighed by him in their
trine of immortality, carry with it the per argumentative force than in this work of
manence of the brain. One sympathizes, in Romanes.
reading the work, with the just aversion of “The Psychic Life of Micro-Organisms” is
agnosticism to speculation whose premises are a translation from the French. It is a book
too narrow to give its conclusions any ade which might well have been a chapter in
quate support.
“ Mental Evolution in Animals,” by Ro-
One hardly looks to Texas for philosophy. manes. From the narrow extension of its
Yet here it is, in this brief treatise, “The subject, it has the opportunity for a full pres-
Self: What Is It ?” Fortunately, the author entation of facts. Its method of reasoning
answers his own query, or most of us would is still freer than that of Romanes. Its prin-
have found it too hard for us. His response ciple seems to be, to infer from any method
is, “ Sense is the Self, and all the senses are of action in animal life all the powers it would
unified in one chiefly controlling sense, or involve if performed of set purpose in the full
Self.” With this key to the problem given light of consciousness. Thus, the movements
us, we still have all that we can do to master of micro-organisms are made to imply the
it. The writer seems to have two practical perception of objects, choice, perception of
ends in view in his work. The first is to com position, and movements fitted to those posi-
bat the idea that intellectual education neces- tions. The argument by proving too much is
sarily makes men better; and the second is liable to have precisely the adverse force from
to deepen our reverence for the past, and that designed. It would be very easy by these
to resist the too easily accepted notion of methods to carry intelligence much farther
progress. “The growing opinion is that noth- than micro-organisms, and by so doing greatly
ing stands firm; everything swings rootless modify, or wholly destroy, the notion we now
in mid-air, ready to be swept away by the attach to the word. Instead of establishing
next breeze.” The first of these purposes is that which we attempted to prove, we should
secured by insisting on the merely instru have subverted the meaning of the terms em-
mental character of intelligence, and that all ployed. We should have mistaken the damage
energy and choice proceed from the feelings. inflicted on our tools for the amount of work
The second purpose is reached by “tracing accomplished by us.
all intelligence to sense as its origin.” If this Though the work of Dr. McCosh, “First
is accomplished, we shall of course be much and Fundamental Truths," comes last to hand,
more modest in advancing our theories, and it is, in the general outlook of the author,
among them, this theory of “an essential pro allied with the earlier works on our list. Dr.
gress.” Mr. Malone has taken to himself very McCosh defines metaphysics as a knowledge
little space, considering the magnitude of his of first and fundamental truths: the volume
work; and if he has in any measure failed, he is therefore preëminently one of metaphysics.
is fairly entitled to another chance.
The style is clear and simple, but is made


1889.]
323
THE DIAL
them.
somewhat dogmatic by the entire confidence | rhythmic and verbal vagaries. It is the fitness,
with which the author brings forward and in the large sense, of thought and language
everywhere applies his fundamental belief of to the character and mood of the writer.
a direct cognition of matter and mind. It is “ Unstopp'd and unwarp'd by any influence
not so much a new contribution to philosophy outside the soul within me, I have had my say
as a succinct and compact statement, in one entirely my own way, and put it unerringly
direction, of the doctrines contained at large on record,"—this is what Whitman tells us in
in the works of Dr. McCosh, united with the “ Backward Glance o'er Travel'd Roads"
some historical criticisms in their support. It which prefaces the new volume. The absolute
is divided into three parts. The first treats honesty of his work, coupled with the genius
of the nature, tests, and uses of first truths; for style which it displays, ensure for it both
the second inquires, in particular, what these permanence of influence and the respectful
first truths are; the third discusses their rela- consideration of future years. Enlarge upon its
tion to metaphysics, gnosiology, ontology, and faults as we may, the work still has rare quali-
science. The students of Dr. McCosh will ties of power and beauty which it takes no
be gratified with this concise presentation of extended search to discover. Let us quote
the fundamental convictions involved in a the two poems entitled “Halcyon Days" and
philosophy which has now gained so much "i Queries to my Seventieth Year.” He must
acceptance in this country. Those, however, be dull of soul who has no sense of the beauty
who have not hitherto granted his affirmation, of the one or the power of the other.
“ If the mind does not assume and start “Not from successful love alone,
with things, it can never reach realities by Nor wealth, nor honor'd middle age, nor victories of
politics or war ;
any process of reasoning or induction," will
But as life wanes, and all the turbulent passions calm,
not find much in the present work to com As gorgeous, vapory, silent hues cover the evening sky,
mand their belief in it. The outlying conclu As softness, fulness, rest, suffuse the frame, like fresher,
balmier air,
sions of this philosophy are often more
Is the days take on a mellower light, and the apple at
acceptable than the methods of approach to last hangs really finish'd and indolent-ripe on the
tree,
John Bascom. Then for the teeming quietest, happiest days of all!
The brooding and blissful halcyon days."
It is the reverse of the shield that comes to
view in the other poem:
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY.*
" Approaching, nearing, curious,
“ November Boughs" is a title due to the
Thou dim, uncertain spectre-bringest thou life or
death?
same sense of literary fitness as that which Strength, weakness, blindness, more paralysis and
inspired the naming of Landor's “Dry Sticks” heavier?
and “The Last Fruit off an Old Tree.” In-
Or placid skies and sun? Wilt stir the waters yet?
Or haply cut me short for good? Or leave me here as
deed, paradoxical as the statement may seem,
a sense of fitness is the predominant impres Dull, parrot-like and old, with crack'd voice harping,
sion remaining from the study of Whitman's
screeching?"
work, and this in spite of its indefensible
The poems in this volume fill but a score of
pages, but every page has its charm. Upon
* NOVEMBER BOUGHs. By Walt Whitman. Philadel. one we find this faultless epigram on “The
phia: David McKay.
Bravest Soldiers":
THE WITCH IN THE GLASS, etc. By Sarah M. B. Piatt.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & ('o.
“ Brave, brave were the soldiers (high named to-day)
MONADNOC AND OTHER SKETCHES IN VERSE. By J. E.
who lived through the fight;
But the bravest press'd to the front and fell, unnamed,
Nesmith. Cambridge: The Riverside Press.
THE VIKING. By Elwyn A. Barron. With Preface by
unknown."
Lawrence Barrett. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
Upon another we are greeted with this word
JIESPER. An American Drama. By William Roscoe for Lincoln's birthday:
Thayer. Cambridge: Charles W. Sever,
" To-day, from each and all, a breath of prayer-a pulse
MASTOR. A Poem. By John Ruse Larus. New York:
of thought,
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
To memory of Him-to birth of Him.”
IONA. A Lay of Ancient Greece. By Payne Erskine.
Still another gives us this picture of the resur-
Boston: Cupples & Hurd.
THE LAND OF SUN AND SONG. By John Preston Campell.
rection that comes with the springtide:
Topeka, Kansas: The George W. Crane Publishing Co. " Then shalt perceive the simple shows, the delicate
AMONG THE MILLET, AND OTHER POEMS. By Archi.
miracles of earth,
bald Lampman. Ottawa, Canada: J. Durie & Son.
Dandelion, clover, the emerald grass, the early scents
A READING OF EARTII, By George Meredith. New
and flowers,
York: Macmillan & Co.
The arbutus under foot, the willow's yellow-green, the
LEAVES OF LIFE. By E. Nesbit. New York: Long. blossoming plum and cherry;
mans, Green & Co.
With these the robin, lark, and thrush, singing their
SONGS OF TOIL. By Carmen Sylva, Queen of Roumania.
songs-the flitting bluebird;
Translated by John Eliot Bowen. New York: Frederick For such the scenes the annual play brings on."
A. Stokes & Brother.
We find verses like these, scattered in rich
POEMS OF WILD LIFE. Selected and Edited by Charles
G. D. Roberts, M.A, London: Walter Scott.
profusion through the songs :
now,


324
[April,
THE DIAL
" Possess'd by some strange spirit of fire."
“ With husky-haughty lips, O sea!
Where day and night I wend thy surf-beat shore.'
"Old age land-lock'd within its winter bay.”
“ Isle of the salty shore, and breeze, and brine.”
It is the very magic of style that informs
these lines. For the rest, these “ Sands at
Seventy” contain no word that is objection-
able as certain passages of the “Leaves of
Grass” were objectionable. Nor do we find in
them the violent distortion of speech—the
“ barbaric yawp,”—or the endless catalogues
of attributes and things which made the poet's
earlier work asthetically offensive. Of the
prose work which makes up the greater part
of the volume, this is not the place to speak
at length, and we will only remark that much
of it seems to us as suggestive and beautiful
as the poetry. The writer takes occasion,
in his preface, to justify the passages in the
“Leaves of Grass” which have been the sub-
ject of so much discussion, and “ to confirm
these lines with the settled convictions and
deliberate renewals of thirty years."
Mrs. Piatt's graceful and pathetic verse is
well known to American readers. “The
Witch in the Glass” is a collection of recent
pieces by this writer, all of them short, and
most of them having a marked charm. Mrs.
Piatt is peculiarly happy in the expression of
childish sentiment. What could be prettier
than this story of "A Child's Conclusion”?
"• Mamma,' he said, you ought to know
The place. Its name is wicked, though,
Not China. No. But if you fell
Through China you would be there! Well,
" • Fred said somebody very bad,
Named Satan, stayed down there, and had
Oh, such a fire to burn things! You
Just never mind. It can't be true.
" . Because I've digged and digged to see
Where all that fire could ever be,
And looked and looked down through the dark,
And never saw a single spark.
(. But Heaven is sure; because if I
Look up, I always see the sky-
Sometimes the gold-gates shine clear through-
And when you see a thing, it's true!'”
When the author writes in a more serious
strain, she can give us verse like this, taken
from a poem on the death of a man who
passed away in poverty and neglect, to afford
an ironical commentary upon Christian charity:
“He did his best, as none will deny,
At serving the Earth to pay for his breath;
So she gave him early (and why not, why?)
The one thing merciful men call Death.
Ah! gift that must be gracious indeed,
Since it leaves us nothing to need!
“ As for us, sweet friends, let us dress and sleep,
Let us praise our pictures and drink our wine.
Meanwhile, let us drive His starving sheep
To our good Lord Christ, on the heights divine;
For the flowerless valleys are dim and drear,
And the winds right bitter, down here."
There are not a few well-known writers
who might be proud to claim the authorship
of the little book of poems entitled “ Monad.
noc, and Other Sketches in Verse," by J. E.
Nesmith. Such thoughtful and finished work
is not common, in spite of the endless amount
of current versifying, and, since the author
would doubtless be too modest to assert the
claim "et ego in Arcadia,' we take pleasure
in giving testimony to its validity. “Monad-
noc,” the first and principal poem in the col.
lection, naturally suggests Emerson, and it is
aptly prefaced by the Shakespearean line-
“Knowing a better spirit doth use your name.”
It is a carefully wrought philosophical poem
of the race of many of the more familiar
things in Bryant and the “better spirit” who
found inspiration in the same theme. The com-
position is in rhymed triplets. Here is a strik-
ing picture of the mountain at the hour of
sunset:
« The darkened woods and dim dull streams
Brighten with the unearthly gleams
Which haunt the western gate of dreams;
" Which drape the hovel, lifted high
Between the water and the sky,
In beauty that transports the eye;
" And throw their bright prismatic ray
About the ruin'd, dying day,
Which sinks in darkness and decay;
“ Fallen about the fading west,
By dim decrepit fires caress'd,
And shades that suffer no arrest.
“ The gloom about the mountain's base
Crawls up and falls upon his face,
His form grows faint in night's embrace.
“ He takes upon his breast and head
The glow which from the plain has fled,
Ere yet the dying sun is dead.
“ The trailing glories droop and die
Along the lake where they did lie,
And the wild light forsakes the sky."
Mr. Nesmith's sonnets are even better than
this. They may be said to derive in part from
Wordsworth, and in part from Rossetti, the
greatest master of the English connet since
Wordsworth. We select “ Between Two
Worlds” as an example:
“Rivers of gold, and wondrous argosies,
With purple sails, and banners gaily dight,-
Palace and porch, and walls of shining light,
Which seemed but now to crowd the western skies,
Have faded from the world's delighted eyes:
Belated on the borders of the night,
I watch the ethereal shape take flight,
And from the darkened earth the twilight dies.
The faded fields grow formless, cold, and stark,
Fallen in shadow, like a lifeless swoon,
And sunk in black oblivion lie forlorn;
But now, low down, a nebulous light is born,
Where veil'd beyond the pines, the mellow moon
Pencils a fairy world upon the dark."
If it were not for the defect in the seventh
verse, and the imperfect use of figure in the
tenth, this sonnet would be a remarkable pro-
duction. As it is, one thinks of “The Hill
Summit” of Rossetti, and the same poet is
recalled by such passages in the other sonnets as
“ His soul's supreme occasion and true date,"
and
“ Thus to the ark the olive-bearing dove
Brought from afar its branch of green to prove
That the great deep was some where islanded,"


1889.]
325
THE DIAL
I think I read the ornen in my fate;
and
Shuts in the fields of Asgard. All amazed,
My father turned from looking, and behold!
“ Beware lest thou should'st sometime after stand
The ship lay moored before him. Such the tale.
And mark with cold uncomprehending eyes
Thy maiden Hope immaculate arise,
And if I lie with this fair hapless maid
Beseeching with entreating lip and hand,
Upon the mystic deck, my ship again
Yet feel no chord respond to her command,
Will sail into the unknown waiting sea,
And in thy soul no tender memories."
Where our two souls entwining will ascend
In “ The Viking,” by Mr. Elwyn A. Barron,
Into the region of the gods."
we have one of the most remarkable of recent
Sisyphus himself had no such task as that
works for the American stage. It is a blank-
voluntarily assumed by Mr. W. R. Thayer
verse tragedy in four acts, and, as the title
when he undertook to make the American
signifies, it takes us back to the times of the
civilization of recent times the subject of a
sagas. The elements of this drama are simple
dramatic poem. The result is what was to
and conyentional, but the action is developed
be expected. “Hesper” is as prosaic in lan-
with much skill, and with a rare knowledge of
guage as in theme. Pages of it at a time
the requirements of the stage. In a preface,
might be transcribed as prose, and no one
Mr. Lawrence Barrett gives his testimony as
would suspect that it was intended to be any.
to the fitness of the work for scenic presenta. i thing else. The motive of Mr. Thaver's
tion, and expresses the hope that it may be
drama is excellent, and his hero is a fair copy
produced at no distant day. In this hope we
of Alceste, but considered as a dramatic poem
cannot but concur, both from a belief in the
it is neither dramatic nor poetical.
dramatic merits of this work, and from the
“Mastor," by John Ruse Larus, is an am-
desire, which everyone who cherishes the dig-
bitious philosophical or allegorical poem
nity of the stage must feel, that the theatre
inspired, it seems, at times by “Queen Mab,"
should no longer be so entirely given over as
at times by “Faust.” Mastor invokes the
it is (at least in our own country) to work
spirit of knowledge as Faust invokes the,
which has no value as literature and no tend-
Erdgeist, but, unlike the latter thaumaturgist'
ency to instruct or to elevate. That “The
greets the apparition with enthusiasm, and,
Viking” has a distinct value as literature
under its guidance, sets out upon the explora-
must be felt by everyone who peruses it ; and
tion of the universe. The “ greater and the
it is with this aspect of the work that we are
lesser world” are passed under survey, and
now concerned. The diction is serious and of
the searcher after truth takes refuge in a sort
fairly sustained strength, sufficiently archaic
of optimistic mysticism not unlike that which
to meet the demands imposed by the time and
marks the final stage of Goethe's poem and of
place of the drama, and sufficiently poetic to
the “ Divine Comedy.” The suggestions of
warrant its being cast in the mould of blank
the work are undoubtedly of the highest sort,
verse. The verse is sometimes a little rough, but
but the execution falls far behind. There
it seems to be purposely made so, as the author
are, however, occasional lines and lyrics which
has shown himself able to make it smooth and
arrest the attention and impress the fancy.
harmonious when he wishes. This fact, as
But the diction as a whole is hard and prosaic.
well as what we have said of the elevation of
In her introduction to “ Iona, A Lay of
tone characteristic of the work, may be illus-
Ancient Greece," the lady who writes under
trated by the closing passage, which we quote.
the name of Payne Erskine deprecates the
Hafthor, the speaker, and his love, Fenja, are
current belief that “the poetic spirit has
dying, and his words are addressed to the king
fled "; and it is evidently the purpose of her
at whose hand he has courted the mortal
work to discredit that belief altogether by the
stroke.
most practical of evidence to the contrary.
We regret to say that the case does not seem
“My tawny ship lies there among the fleet,
to be clearly proved. This “lay” is the
A golden dragon at her head. She came,
My father told me, from the unknown sea,
product of a cultivated mind, but one whose
Full sailed to court the breeze, and yet unmanned; conception of the requirements of poetry are
Her spacious deck uncumbered, and her hold
Unlined with trace of any former life.
uncertain and rudimentary. Such work is
He first beheld her in the summer light
doubtless personally valuable and useful to its
That marked the mid-day calm,-the sea serene writer, but others can only look upon it as
As face of sleeping pool; yet on she moved,
A thing of beauty and of life. A space,
imperfectly echoing sentiments already fitly
And from the prow there seemed to rise a flame expressed in earlier works. The process is
That spread its arms and cang ht the sails and mast,
unconscious, but the nature of the result is
Whereat my father sighed that craft so fair
undeniable.
Should burn, thinking it the funeral bed
Mr. John Preston Campbell, who lives
Of some departed king. But, as he gazed,
somewhere in Kansas, starts out to sing the
The yellow flame, as though an orb of light,
Rolled from the ship into a ball of fire
glories of his chosen State with equal disre-
That fled along the surface of the sea;
gard of reason, rhyme, and grammar, as they
Then, cleft in twain, it rose into the sky,
are understood by the effete poets of the past.
As 't were two images, a man and maid,
And vanished where the overhanging blue
A new civilization obviously demands a new
And wrapped the vessel in a yellow cloak.


326
[April,
THE DIAL
form of expression, and this our latest of
“ He fires with such rapidity,
One stream of fire doth ever free
Western poets seems to have invented to his
Flame from the mouths of his fire-arms,
own entire satisfaction, and embodied in
For each band a revolver warms."
“The Land of Sun and Song," as, with fine | But we have Campbell's explicit testimony
alliterative effect, he christens this favorite to the teeming intellectual life of the Kansas
offspring of his muse. “If there wasn't a word plains. Does he not tell us that
in the volume save the title, it seems to me
“ Intellectual editors swarming thrive
that a Kansan could repair to some fragrant
In this realm like bees in a hive"?
heath, amid the golden close of day, and And again:
awaken in the mind a train of pleasing
" Here more newspapers of standard high
Are published, both daily and weekly, by
thoughts by simply repeating the words, “The
The energetic editors of these plains,
Land of Sun and Song."" How much more
Men of liberal, intellectual brains,
fully, then, may he realize these delights when
Than in any other realm or given space
aided not only by the title but by all seven
Peopled by a like number of the race."
cantos of the poem as well! Of the fitness
We would fain dwell at greater length upon
of this title, the author has an abiding convic.
this extraordinary composition, did the limits
tion. “Whatever critics may say about the
of our article permit. One final word of
defects of the poem, still I have the advan-
praise must be reserved for the author's char-
tage of them in knowing that they can throw
acterization of that class of people whom he
no poisoned dart at my bosom for having
calls “the knowing Jeffries of the world's
selected an inappropriate title for this child of
literary contests." We confess to our unac-
my muses." Far be it from us either to cherish
quaintance with the name of Jeffrie, but he
so inhuman a thought, or to apply the petty
must have been a poor creature, judging from
line and measure of the critic to a production
the scorn with which he is treated. We fancy
so fully competent to speak for itself. Plung-
that the antithesis of poet and critic has never
ing at once in medias res, we come upon the
found a more striking expression than in this
touching idyll in which Wizard Jake relates
pithy observation: "The mission of a poet is
his strange, eventful history :
love to man, love to liberty, love to God; that
of a critic is hatred to human happiness,
“ Many years since a lady love I had;
Ah, me! she made my young bosom glad;
hatred to hope's aspirings, hatred to heaven.”
Her name was Martha Merilla Downs;
We like to hear a man express himself vigor-
Mine, Jacob Ross, with ten thousand pounds;
ously and to the point. Literature is in no
In Connecticut she gave her name for mine;
We heard so much of the Kansas clime,
danger of becoming effeminate so long as
That upon one spring day very fair
such poets and philosophers as Campbell are
We got our trinkets together there,
And in a wagon with a covered sail
rampant.
We started this fair realm to hail."
Mr. Archibald Lampman is a young Cana-
Alas for the hopes of Jacob Ross! The dian poet of considerable promise. His recent
couple had hardly settled in their new home volume, “ Among the Millet,” shows him to
when one morning Martha Merilla took flight, have a genuine poetic feeling and to be capable
leaving but a brief note behind.
of giving it unaffected rhythmical expression.
“ The note said it was no use to look,
His pieces include lyrics, ballads, and son-
Because she had me forever shook."
nets, as well as an ambitious narrative in Don
Who could hope to make adequate com Juan stanza and an “ Athenian Reverie " in
ment upon the pathetic drama thus briefly blank verse. These latter productions are not
outlined ? The fine poetic fancy that appears remarkably successful, but there is excellent
in the above lines may be met with upon work to be found among the shorter poems.
almost any page of the work. This story of From the sonnets we select that entitled
John and the Indians is an example of firm, “ Aspiration":
masterly handling, that timid conventional “Oh deep-eyed brothers, was there ever here,
poets would do well to imitate :
Or is there now, or shall there sometime be
Harbor or any rest for such as we,
“ As the winter days fled on, away,
Lone thin-cheeked mariners, that aye must steer
Several Indians round about did stray.
Our whispering barks with such keen hope and fear
What may have been their thought,
Toward misty bournes across that coastless sea,
Their motive, their wish, I know not.
Whose winds are songs that ever gust and thee,
But true it is John gave no offence,
Whose shores are dreams that tower but come not near.
While them he firmly wafted hence."
" Yet we perchance, for all that flesh and mind
What a vista is opened up by that closing Of many ills be marked with many a trace,
Shall find this life more sweet, more strangely kind,
line! The free prodigality of thought and
Tban tliey of that dim-hearted earthly race,
imagination which characterizes these Kansas
Who creep firm-nailed upon the earth's hard face,
poets is something difficult for us of staider And hear nor see not, being deaf and blind.”
centres of civilization to comprehend. Pea This is far from perfect, but, despite the
cock has it no less than Campbell, as will be flaws, the impulse and the feeling are good,
admitted by all who recall the matchless lines and the main figure is well worked out,
descriptive of the prowess of Wild Bill: although the minor figures are faulty. “Be-


1889.)
327
THE DIAL
me in;
tween the Rapids" seems to us, on the whole, met with. Unlike most occupants of thrones
the best piece of the collection. It expresses who betake themselves to literature, the Queen
the feelings of a boatman who, paddling down of Roumania is possessed of a decided poetic
the stream, passes the home of his childhood, talent, and the fame which she has acquired
unvisited for many years. One of the seven by her writings is due quite as much (or ought
stanzas may be extracted without doing too to be, at least,) to their intrinsic merits as to
much violence to the context:
her conspicuous rank. In one of the daintiest
"The woods grow wild, and from the rising shore
of little volumes we have a collection of
The cool wind creeps, the faint wood-odours steal; “Handwerkerlieder ” which includes some of
Like ghosts adown the river's blackening floor
her latest work. These “Songs of Toil” are
The misty fumes begin to creep and reel.
Once more I leave you, wandering toward the night, given in the original and in English transla-
Sweet home, sweet heart, they would have held tions, the one facing the other on opposite
pages. The translator is Mr. John Eliot
Whither I go I know not, and the light
Is faint before, and rest is hard to win.
Bowen, who also contributes an extremely
Ah, sweet ve were and near to heaven's gate;
interesting biographical introduction. A par-
But youth is blind and wisdom comes too late.”
ticularly noteworthy fact is that the greater
If “ A Reading of Earth” were expressed number of these poems are now first published
in the language of English poetry, it might in this American edition, they having been
prove pleasant and profitable, even when contributed by the royal author to the New
undertaken by Mr. George Meredith. But he York“Independent." The translation is good,
has chosen to express himself in a jargon that considering the difficulties presented by the
out-Brownings Browning for grotesque in German text; but we must agree with the
version and uncouth epithet. We fear that | modest translator in urging those into whose
he must be left to the esoterics whose delight hands the book may fall to “ read the original,
in poetry is according to the measure of its those who can ; the translation, those who
obscurity and the daring of its acrobatic feats. must." These lyrics are characterized by
Even Whitman's mannerisms seem preferable grace, simplicity, and sympathy for the hum-
to those with which Mr. Meredith has stamped | ble life of the toiler. "We like particularly
his work. It would be difficult to find half those entitled “Mosaik,” “ Der Geigenmacher,"
a dozen consecutive lines of sustained poetic and “Schifferlied.”
quality anywhere in this volume.
Professor Roberts, of King's College, Nova
Miss Nesbit's “ Leaves of Life” take their Scotia, whose volume of verse “In Divers
text from a familiar quatrain of Omar Khay- | Tones” was reviewed by us some time ago,
yám. The poems are simple but strong, and has edited, with discrimination and skill, a
their melancholy tinge is not that of the feeble | volume of “ Poems of Wild Life” for the
sentimentalist but of the soul that has realized “Canterbury Poets.” The collection is a
the pathetic insufficiency of life and turned to small one, and so all readers will miss some of
wards human suffering a resolute face. There their favorite pieces, but as far as it goes it is
is a breath of Swinburnian inspiration about admirable. According to the editor, “the
many of them, which no reader of, for example, prince of all wild-life poets” is Joaquin Miller,
the “ Marching Song" will fail to catch. The and we have forty pages of him, including
closing stanzas, —
“With Walker in Nicaragua.” Copyright
«« « What do ye hope to gain by all your strife and strain ? considerations prevented the inclusion of
Ye will win yourselves but bitterness, and bale, and
Bayard Taylor and Bret Harte. In our opinion,
bane, and ban.'
Though we win all these and more, they outshine your
the editor thinks too much of John Boyle
O'Reilly, and we should have been well con-
If they prove us unforgetting of the Brotherhood of
tent with less than the twenty-five pages de-
voted to him. R. H. Horne is a welcome
"* W bat armies fight for you, O ye who are so few,
guest at any poetical feast, and he is not neg-
() ye who are so few in a world that is so wide?'
The Spirits of the Light shall do battle for the Right lected here. Pringle's “ Afar in the Desert,"
And who shall be against us, if these be on our side?" than which there is no more typical poem of
are possibly a little too much like “The Pil the class here considered, is naturally included
grims” to be credited with originality, but in the collection. Walt Whitman worthily
their message is one worth repeating in many brings up the rear (for alphabetical reasons
modes and keys. It is certain that the sincer only) with the “ Song of the Redwood Tree”
ity and nobility of feeling shown in these and and “From Far Dakotah's Shore.” The only
most of the other verses of the collection are adverse criticism we have to offer is directed
among the most admirable attributes of poetic to the choice of several selections from Ste-
thought, and the perusal of the volume can phen's translation of Tegnér's “Frithiof's
hardly fail to afford a high degree of pleasure | Saga.” Translations seem out of place in such
to the reader who is responsive to these things. a collection, and these particular translations
In the literary chronicles of recent years, are anything but remarkable. Take the final
the name of Carmen Sylva may frequently be stanza from “ Balder's Baal ”:
golden store
Man!


328
[April,
THE DIAL
« Aska är templet inom kort,
ism which Americans usually carry about with
Aska tempellunden;
them, but it results in sobriety of judgment if not
Sorgsen drager Frithiof bort,
Graater i morgonstunden."
in the effective inculcation of needful lessons. The
The translation reads:
writer thus very neatly turns the tables upon those
who talk of the French “provincial spirit," and
“T'ashes soon is the temple burn'd,
hardly needs to say in so many words that our own
T'ashes the grove is blooming;
Frithiof. grief-full, away has turned,
provincialism is a very considerable mote that it
Day o'er his hot tears glooming.'
would be well to cast out from the eye before con-
The inadequacy of this is painfully apparent.
sidering too curiously the beam in the eye of our
republican brother across the seas.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
THE " True Story of Hamlet and Ophelia " (Lit-
tle, Brown & Co.) is the ambitious title of a con-
tribution by Fredericka Beardsley Gilchrist to
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Shakespearean interpretation. The curious fashion
of regarding poetry from what may be termed an
READERS of Mr. W. C. Brownell's series of papers algebraic point of view has shed a good deal of un-
on “French Traits” in “Scribner's Magazine " necessary obscurity over this play; and the student
must have felt that those papers were characterized who plunges into the sea of exegetical literature is
by a degree of insight and a solidity of execution pretty sure to emerge in a state of increased per-
which placed them far above the ordinary stand plexity. While we are inclined to believe that
ard of magazine excellence. They are now col anyone gifted with a fair share of imagination and
lected into a volume (Scribner), which may sensibility will best come at the “true story"
safely be described as one of the most remarkable of Hamlet by “sticking to” a good edition of
productions of recent American thought. A study Shakespeare, we may say of the present volume
of a foreign people at once so acute and so sympa that it is readable and contains a few good sug-
thetic we do not recollect to have met with in our gestions. The author makes a conscientious effort
recent literature. There is not a page of the to clear up the obscurities of her subject, and
volume that does not contain some searching avoids, for the most part, the usual vainglorious
parallel, some wise epigram, or some thoughtful show of subtlety. But we certainly cannot sub-
and comprehensive comment. The chapter on scribe to her main conclusions. Her principal
“ Democracy" is as good as Mr. Lowell's Birming effort in the way of emendation is the changing
ham address. The chapter on “Morality” in of the reading of Hamlet's apostrophe (following
France is far more just than what Mr. Arnold has the ghost's disclosure)--
said upon that subject, and affords a needful cor-
" () all you host of heaven! O earth! What else?
rective to the somewhat perverse utterances of the
And shall I couple hell? O, fie!"
English critic. In the chapters upon “Intelli | to-
gence" and “The Social Instinct," the author has, “O all you host of heaven! O earth! What else?
as far as we are aware, made these subjects his own And shall I couple? Hell! O, fie!"
in the sense that he has discussed them with more "Couple,” in the author's proposed reading, stands
accurate perceptions of the questions involved than for marry; so that Hamlet, in effect, exclaims, “Shall
any preceding English or American writer. The I marry after all that? Hell!" The ludicrous effect
chapter on “Manners" suggests Mr. Frederick
of the expletive, and the utter improbability that a
Marshall's chapter bearing that title, and has the man stunned by the revelation of his mother's guilt
advantage over it of being more serious and funda and his father's murder should immediately fall to
mental. The only imperfection of sympathy that , arguing about his own marriage projects, will occur
is noticeable in the volume is to be found in what to the most uncritical reader. Curiously enough,
is said of French poetry in the chapter called “The the author seems to consider the “0, fie!" in the
Art Instinct." The pet critical foibles of most usual reading, to refer to Hamlet's conscientious
Anglo-Saxon writers about French civilization scruples about “coupling hell," rather than to his
the notions that the French are a frivolous, im horror at the story of adultery and murder. We
moral, provincial people,-are effectively disposed shall also join issue with the author on her concep-
of in Mr. Brownell's analysis. Nothing could tion of Ophelia. Following out to a quite unjusti-
better illustrate his attitude towards his subject fiable length certain suggestions of Goethe, she
than the good-natured satire of the following pas arrives at the conclusion that there was in Ophelia's
sage: "We are all familiar with the budget of nature a marked and dangerous proclivity for the
opinions about foreigners with which our kindest “primrose paths of dalliance"; that Polonius,
and gentlest travellers return from Europe: the | Laertes, and Hamlet were painfully aware of it;
filth of Italy, the stupidity of the Germans, the in and that Hamlet's harsh treatment and bitter words
sincerity of the French, the ridiculousness of the | were due to his warrantable distrust of Ophelia
English, the atrocity of the Spanish cuisine, their | in particular, rather than to his loss of faith in her
ultra-radical conviction of American superiority in entire sex. Perhaps, in adopting this view, the
all these instances being based on the simple fact | writer was influenced by a praiseworthy desire of
of difference." Mr. Brownell is one of those ob | showing Hamlet's mental sanity and singleness of
servers who do not find in the simple fact of purpose; and, eager to work out her main thesis,
difference " adequate grounds for the indictment of she was willing to besmirch the most innocent of
the foreigner and all his ways; his method is rather Shakespeare's women. The author's style is clear
to inquire into the causes of the difference, and to and direct, and many of her views are sound, and
determine whether the foreign practice is not quite such as would be arrived at by an appreciative
as rational as our own. The method does not reader of the poet, rather than by one whose enjoy-
always yield results flattering to the robust patriot- ment was derived from his commentators. The


1889.)
329
THE DIAL
faults of "The True Story of Hamlet” are, we Greece which will combine relative brevity with
think, due partly to over-study of Belleforest's scholarly presentation, and which concerns itself
“Hamblett," and partly to an ambitious straining more with an attempt to present the facts as they
after originality and independence. It should be are understood to-day than with the effort to expose
noted that she alludes with some asperity to the the erroneous views of former historians. Mr.
sapient attempt to degrade the scene where poor Abbott, as a fellow and tutor of Balliol College,
mad Ophelia scatters the flowers and chants her has had abundant opportunity to learn from ex-
wild ballad-snatches, into a sort of absurd charade ample what sound and judicious scholarship in the
in which verse and flower have a hidden signifi matter of Greek thought and life is, and in the
cance to be guessed out by the audience.
present volume he gives good evidence of possess-
ing the same. Englishmen are not prone to get aff
In these days, when so many ingenious people their feet under the influence of theories, and when
contrive to obtain their literary education at the they write history this practical characteristic saves
expense of the public by writing books, the reader them from brilliant imaginings, and keeps them to
of current literature may esteem himself fortunate the plain facts. For one brilliant Buckle or Green,
to encounter a book which has any one of the three there is a score of Freemans, or Stubbs, or Bryces.
excellences of style, reflection, or information. Mr. Abbott belongs to the critical school, and
Many of the younger school of writers resemble writes with a cautious pen. Yet the constructive
the Japanese, who, Mr. Percival Lowell informs power, so necessary in writing the history of a re-
us, cultivate polish rather than substance. Mr. mote past, is also present. Å fine illustration of
Lowell, excellent stylist as he is, has not made this the constructive following the critical is found in
mistake; he is as sound in thought as he is bright the two chapters on the Homeric poems, entitled
in phrase, and he has information of a very inter “Nature and Historical Value of the Poems" and
esting kind to communicate. China and Japan we "Homeric Society." We have nowhere seen a more
know somewhat vaguely through missionary re judicious presentation of the Homeric question.
ports, through the observations of chance travel The writer argues that the Homeric poems present
iers, and through the copious relations of peripa to us, not a picture of the early civilization of
tetic reporters who smartly write Japan or China Hellas, but merely “the ideals of character and
up or down, after the fashion which seems so life which delighted the audience to which they
adapted to the taste of the average American. Mr. were addressed.” He further says: “From this
Percival Lowell finds, accordingly, much that is new point of view, it is of the first importance to ascer-
to tell us about " The Soul of the Far East." The mis tain what conceptions of human life are found in
sionary is too intent upon saving this soul to find it an these early poems, the ideals of morality prevailing
object of curiosity in its unregenerate state; the in them, the form in which the noblest characters
chance traveller does not even suspect its existence; are presented to us. And this is the true use of
while the astute reporter is professionally indiffer poetry in history.” In short, these poems give us,
ent to a matter so foreign to a newspaper as soul. not the history or the ethics of their times, but im-
Mr. Lowell brings to the analysis of this new and aginings as to the past and a theory of ethics from
very old subject, trained powers of observation and those times. The treatment of what may be called
rare philosophic insight. His readers are therefore the constitutional history is excellent. Especially
triply blessed: they acquire a large number of curi valuable are the sketches of the condition of the
ous facts, they are provided with an acute philo body social from time to time, which led to reme-
sophic interpretation of these facts, and they make dial or constitutional changes-as in the case of the
the acquaintance of a charming writer. The titles | Draconian code and the Constitution and Laws
of the chapters are suggestive of the author's of Solon. We look forward with interest to Mr.
method: Individuality, Family, Adoption, Lan Abbott's handling of the Periclean Age and of the
guage, Nature and Art, Art, Religion, Imagina later history, and trust he will avoid the miscon-
tion. This reminds one of Emerson's method in his ception of Mr. Grote in making Greek history end
“ English Traits”-a work to which this may be with the loss of Athenian liberty. We want his
compared in more respects than one. Since “Eng guidance through the noble days of the Achaian
lish Traits," what American record of observations League.
abroad has appeared, that is equal in fulness and
precision to this remarkable little book? The chief The author of “The Five Talents of Woman"
criticisms that occur to us are two: perhaps the (Scribner) cherishes the old-fashioned notion that
author is a little over-fond of ingenious analogies woman's true glory consists in playing well the
which are rather ornamental than illustrative; and part for which nature has best fitted her; that the
he sometimes indulges in a refinement of psycho woman who apes the man is quite as absurd as
logic subtlety which hardly advances our knowl the man who apes the women; that all question as
edge of the subject in hand. These, however, are to the general superiority of either sex over the
faults incident to the play of a mind at once imag other is futile, since each has its proper province.
inative and philosophic; to wish them away were “Woman is equal to man! Yes, but equal by being
to wish the author as commonplace as most of his herself, and not a pale copy of him. Home he
fellow-travellers—not to say fellow-authors. The believes to be the most sacred thing on earth-and
outward form of the volume resembles, in its simple woman is queen of it. We fear the writer is not
elegance, that of the greater Lowell's “ Hearts an “advanced” thinker on these subjects; and
ease and Rue.” (Houghton, Mifflin, & Co.)
that his “pale copy” is an unkind allusion to those
public-spirited ladies who attend conventions and
The first installment of Mr. Evelyn Abbott's run” clubs and debating societies. It is not to
“ History of Greece" (Putnam), covering a period be inferred that the author of “The Five Talents"
from the earliest times to the Ionian Revolt, meets is disposed to belittle the capacities of women; that
a crying want. At last we are to have a history of | he is like the innocent young English curate who


330
[April,
THE DIAL
------
- -
-
-
placidly said to the ladies of his congregation, THOSE who have made the acquaintance of the
“Even you, my sisters, though only women, may yet rector of Scarning, the Rev. Augustus Jessopp,
find some duty to perform." On the contrary, he D.D., in the pages of the “Nineteenth Century,"
is strongly of opinion that whatever is good in the will be glad to see some of his essays reproduced
world is primarily due to the influence of good in permanent form in “The Coming of the Friars
women. As to education, he says: “We believe in and Other Historic Essays " (Putnam). The author
the higher, yes, in the highest possible, education of “Arcady: For Better, for Worse," has been a
for girls, so long as they are trained at the same time student of social problems both in his own parish
in domestic duties," It is to be regretted that of to-day and in the England of the past centuries,
the author has detracted from the dignity of his and has brought the light of history to bear upon
work by interspersing it with “humorous" quota the dark places of life in a forcible and brilliant
tions from American newspapers. He seems to be manner. The volume under review contains three
quite unable to resist pointing each moral with pictures from the thirteenth century and two from
such atrocities as this: "A Chinaman is speaking the fourteenth. The former are: “ The Coming of
to himself as he irons a shirt. Picks up a shirt the Friars," those forerunners of Wesley and of the
showing evidence of having been well cared for, Young Men's Christian Association; “ Village Life
and says: “Bachelor. Him landlady fix him!' in Norfolk Six Hundred Years Ago"; and “Daily
Picks up another, buttonless and all frayed at the Life in a Medieval Monastery." The first of these
wrists and neck: Mallied man.'" Of a quite essays does needed justice to those pure enthusiasts,
different cast is the following: "Above all, learn the Friars, who almost alone redeemed the thir-
to be true-heated and sincere. In a New Zealand teenth century church from the charge of total for-
cemetery, on a gravestone, is to be found, with the getfulness of its original mission in the world; the
name and age of the dead, the words, She was so second and third reproduce vividly the secular and
pleasant.'" There is something finely and genuinely monastic life of which ordinary histories tell us so
pathetic in that epitaph; and it is worth a cart-load of little. The terrible “ Black Death" as it was felt
dissertations on the sphere and mission of woman. in East Anglia, and the beginnings of Cambridge
University, are the subjects of the following essays;
“FROM Lady Washington to Mrs. Cleveland,” | while the last one contains a sketch of that most
a series of attempted biographical sketches by curious of the many “cranks” who have turned
Lydia L. Gordon, is a flimsy and tasteless book, loose the imaginings of their disordered brains
made, we fear, like the razors in the ballad-to sell. upon the Apocalypse-John Muggleton, “The
The sketches" are a curious hodge-podge of idle Prophet of Walnut Tree Yard.” Dr. Jessopp is
personal gossip, historical commonplaces, and flip always worth reading, and these essays have a
pant comment, served up in a style to the demerits freshness of treatment which carries us back with
of which it is hard to do justice, although its chief all our heart as well as our head to the vicissitudes
characteristic, perhaps, is a jerky abruptness that of old English life under the Plantagenets.
will remind the reader of Mr. Alfred Jingle. Out
of fairness to the author, we subjoin a few extracts. THE “Letters, Poems, and Prose Writings of
The first will serve as a specimen of the peculiarity David Gray," late Editor of the “Buffalo Courier,”
noted above: “Boston had risen in her might,
| edited with a biographical memoir by Mr. J. N.
made tea in Massachusetts Bay, thus defying the Larned, of the Buffalo Library, are volumes worthy
power of Great Britain George the Third, in of a wider circulation than that of the community
almost crazy fury, determined to mete out punish in which Mr. Gray was known and loved. Edi-
ment to the rebels,-grass should grow in the busy i
torial writing with Mr. Gray was a fine art, and
streets of Boston," "President Cleveland went
literature was his natural sphere. He was a keen
to New York, ostensibly to listen to dirges; well,
observer, and a poet by nature. Only those who
the dirges weren't neglected, but there seemed to
knew him personally can appreciate the charm of
be marriage bells tinkling in the air. Once, Gil-
his presence, his conversation, and his generous
more's Band played Mendelssohn's Wedding March,
sympathies, or can understand why he was so ad-
another struck up · We've got him on the list,' and
mired and beloved by his fellow citizens. The life
a third, 'For he's going to marry Yum-Yum, Yum and character of David Gray is an interesting
Yum.'” Special stress is laid upon the wearing theme, and has been worthily treated by Mr.
apparel of the ladies of the White House; thus we Larned. Mr. Gray made several extended trips
learn that “Mrs. Hayes was always richly and be abroad, and few travellers have written home more
comingly dressed, wore no jewelry, but indulged delightful and instructive letters. In style, and
in priceless laces”; while of Mrs. Lincoln's ward-
the happy faculty of imparting the information a
robe, which was offered for sale, the author kindly cultivated reader would like to have, they remind
remarks: “With the single exception of some lace, us of Mr. Hillard's “ Six Months in Italy." Mr.
camels' hair shawls, and a few diamond rings, there Gray's travels, however, extended over a period of
was nothing which any lady could wear, or which three years. He was killed in a railroad accident
would not have been a disgrace to a second-hand between Buffalo and New York, March 16, 1887.
clothing store." The following tasteless allusion The two volumes, brought out in charming typog-
is made to the early lives of certain Presidents:
raphy, seem to have been issued by a committee
" It is all very well for a man to be a cockfighter of citizens of Buffalo, as a privately-printed edition;
and horsejockey, to live in a log-cabin, to split yet it can now be obtained of the editor, Mr.
rails, and trot around bare-foot, to sew on buttons Larned. It is a work of permanent value, and is
or to tread the tow-path, and, after, rise to the
ne rare.
Presidency,”-etc., etc. But enough has been
quoted to exhaust the reader's patience. Books of MR. THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON'S “ Tray-
this sort go hand in hand with "sensational” jour- ellers and Outlaws" is one of those rare books that
nalism in destroying the taste for good literature. | beguile the reader into "sitting up after bedtime."


1889.)
331
THE DIAL
We turn page after page, expecting to reach an
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS.
available stopping-place; but the action never flags,
and we are held in an agreeable state of expectancy
The Third Volume of the new edition of “ Cham-
until the end. The contents of this volume com-
bers's Encyclopædia " (Catarrh to Dion) is just
prise five historical episodes: "The Maroons of
issued by J. B. Lippincott Company. They an-
Jamaica," "The Maroons of Surinam," " Gabriel's
nounce a new novel by Captain King, entitled - The
Defeat,” “Denmark Vesey," and “Nat Turner's
Queen of Bedlam,"
Insurrection"; the adventures of “A Revolutionary
MRS. BURNETT's new story,“ The Pretty Sister of
Congressman on Horseback," and a deliciously | José," a tale of Spanish life, will shortly be pub-
quaint and humorous sketch entitled “A New En lished by the Scribners. The same firm are the
gland Vagabond." The stories of the American American publishers of Mr. J. A. Froude's forth-
negro insurrections are capitally told, and the coming American novel.
author has managed to gather a good deal of out-of. THE Pen Publishing Co. of Philadelphia have
the-way information regarding the insurgents, and just issued a new edition of “A Bachelor's Wed-
their subsequent trial and conviction. Mr. Higgin ding Trip," by Charles Pomeroy Sherman,--a
son's writings display a grace, refinement, and sprightly work of which the first edition was issued
directness of expression that commend them to anonymously last summer.
lovers of good literature. The volume is neatly
A VOLUME of miscellaneous articles by Andrew
gotten up by its publishers (Lee & Shepard), and
Lang is just published by Longmans, Green & Co.,
is furnished with an index and an appendix of
with the appropriate title, “ Lost Leaders." The
authorities.
articles are thirty in number, and have appeared as
A CAPITAL little “Manual of Decorative Com-
“ leaders" in English newspapers.
position,” by Henri Mayeux, Architect to the
An account of " Burgoyne's Invasion of 1777,"
French Government, and Professor in the Municipal with an outline sketch of the American Invasion of
Schools of Paris, is published by D. Appleton & Canada, 1775-6, by Samuel Adams Drake, is an-
('0. The work is intended as a handbook for in nounced by Lee & Shepard. They also have in
dustrial artists, designers, decorators, etc., its aim press “Every-day Business, Notes on its Practical
being entirely practical, although several chapters Details," by M. S. Emery.
are devoted to the theoretical side of the subject. SIMULTANEOUSLY with their handsome edition of
The second part of the volume is a treatise on Motley's Letters (a charming work, to be more
materials used in decoration, and the various pro fully reviewed in another number of The DIAL), the
cesses, and renders accessible a good deal of useful Messrs. Harper issue new editions of Motley's well-
information that would otherwise demand laborious known historical works, “The Rise of the Dutch
research. While the scope of the work does not Republic,” • History of the United Netherlands,"
admit of exhaustive criticism, or full consideration and “ John of Barneveld.”
of the subject from an ästhetic standpoint, it will
A New Life of Lafayette, by Bayard Tuckerman,
be found of real practical value. The three hun.
is about to be published by Dodd, Mead & Co.
dred illustrations are excellent of their kind. By
They announce also, “The Home Acre," by the late
an unfortunate error, the drawings for Fig. 6 and
E. P. Roe; “Emin Pasha in Central Africa," with
those for Fig. 7 have been interchanged; otherwise
two portraits, maps, and notes; “ The Ascent of
the make-up of the volume is unexceptionable.
Kasai," by Captain Latrobe Bateman, with illustra-
tions and maps; and a new edition of Mrs. Amelia
A REVISED edition of W. Sloane Kennedy's life
E. Barr's novels.
of Longfellow comes from the Lothrop Company.
While this volume will not bear comparison with
The third volume of Morley's “ English Writers,"
the excellent “Life” and “Final Memorials” by
covering the period from the Conquest to Chaucer,
the poet's brother, the Rev. Samuel Longfellow, it
is just issued by Cassell & Co. Also, by the same
contains plenty of readable matter-anecdotes,
publishers, “A Latin-quarter Courtship,” a new
letters, poetical tributes, general criticism, etc.,
story by Sidney Luska; “European Glimpses and
Glances," by J. M. Emerson, with illustrations; and
thrown together in a rather chaotic way. The book
is simply a collection of biographical material; it
a revised edition for 1889 of the well-known “('as-
resembles, as Dr. Holmes says, “ a huckleberry.
sell's Pocket Guide to Europe."
pudding, containing a great many good huckleberries
A NEW library of standard English Literature,
and very little batter. It is fairly well bound and styled “ The Carisbrooke Library,” edited by Henry
printed, and is furnished with fourteen illustrations Morley and published by Routledge & Sons, is in-
and two portraits of Mr. Longfellow.
troduced by Swift's “The Tale of a Tub, and other
Works,” and John Gower's “Tales of the Seven
THE “Lives of the Presidents from Washington
Deadly Sins," in two volumes. They are substantial
to Cleveland” (Lee & Shepard) is a series of
12mos, of about 450 pages each, with good type and
biographical outlines presenting the main facts of
paper, and are sold at the popular price of $1 each.
each life, without attempting the discussion of The first section of “The Century Dictionary,"
policy or measures. The earlier sketches, by John an enterprise already described briefly in these col-
Frost, are written with a vast deal of old-fashioned umns, will be ready for subscribers early in May.
"preciosity” and indirectness, and seem to have The specimen sheets sent us confirm the expecta-
been in type for a decade or more; the later lives, tions as to the high character of the work. The
by Harry W. French, are an improvement as to wood-cuts are of singular excellence, and are very
style, the author making the most of his limited profuse ; while the typography and paper are all
space. The print of the earlier portions of the | that could be wished. The literary features of
book is very poor. Of the "portraits" we forbear the work will be treated more fully in these pages
to speak.
at a future time.


332
[April,
THE DIAL
An article of especial interest to Chicago readers before her marriage and some during the Craigen-
will appear in the June “ Century," with the title puttock period, a very few belonging to the years
"An Amateur Astronomer.” It is a sketch of the after 1834, at which date the letters in Mr. Froude's
remarkable career and achievements of Mr. S. W. | 'Letters and Memoirs of Jane Welsh Carlyle' begin,
Burnham, for many years & resident of Chicago, The earlier letters are said to throw new light on
now the Assistant Astronomer of Lick Observatory her mind and character, the growing influence of
in California. The article was written by the late Carlyle being distinctly perceptible in them. A
John Fraser.
few letters of Carlyle's never before published are
HARPER & BROTHERS announce for Spring publi-
included in the collection; one of these gives an
cation: “ Between the Lines," by Captain Charles account of the settling in Chelsea, the others relate
King; “Uncle Peter's Trust," by George B. Perry; to his projected History of German Literature,'
“Princess Liliwenkins, and Other Stories," by and to Baillie's letters and other books which he
Henrietta C. Wright; « Fairy Tales in Prose and used while preparing for Cromwell."
Verse," from the works of standard authors, edited, PROMISED additions to Washington Centennial
with notes, by William J. Rolfe; and a revised and literature are numerous. Besides Mr. Ford's ad-
enlarged edition of Prof. Adams's “Manual of His mirable edition of “The Writings of Washington,"
torical Literature."
the same publishers (Putnam's Sons) announce a
The first number has appeared (for March) of “unique limited edition" of Irving's “Life of
“La Revue Française," a new eclectic monthly, Washington," in five volumes, large quarto, with
whose purpose is "to furnish readers and students many wood-cut and steel-plate illustrations; also,
of French with the select works of the best French a small volume called “The Ideals of the Repub-
authors, annotated where necessary, and with es lic," comprising Washington's Inaugurals, his Fare-
says on the study of the French language and litera-
well Address, and other papers. A new “Life of
ture by competent teachers and writers." Future Washington," by Henry Cabot Lodge, is to form
numbers of the magazine will be illustrated. It is two volumes of the “American Statesmen" series
published at 39 West 14th st., New York City.
(Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). Mr. Frederick Saun-
VOLUME I. of Winsor's “Narrative and Critical
ders, of the Astor Library, has arranged a “Wash-
History of America " has just been published by
ington Centennial Souvenir," which will be pub-
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It is the seventh volume
lished by Thomas Whittaker. The “Old South
Leaflets" (an excellent series, published by D. C.
in the order of publication; and one more volume,
Heath & Co.), give in one number Washington's
which will contain the general index, will com-
plete this excellent series. The present volume (I.)
Inaugural Addresses, together with an account of
is devoted to "America Before Columbus," with
his inauguration selected from Irving's “Life of
biographical and descriptive essays on historical
Washington."
sources and authorities, and a General Introduction
by the Editor.
AMONG the forthcoming publications of G. P.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
Putnam's Sons are: “The Constitutional History
APRIL, 1889.
of the United States, as Seen in the Development
Abbotsford, Sir Walter Scott. Harper's.
of American Law," a series of papers by Thomas
Agnosticism. T. II. Iluxley. Popular Science.
M. Cooley, Henry Hitchcock, Geo. W. Biddle, Anti-Semitic Agitation in Europe. G, H, Schodde. And.
Basin. Thos., Bishop of Lisieux. F. C. Lowell. Atlantic.
Charles A. Kent, and Daniel H. Chamberlain; a
Buffalo, Domestication of. J. W. Dafoe. Popular Science,
Report of the Proceedings at the Fifth Annual Chemical Elements, J. P. Cooke. Popular Science.
Meeting of the American Historical Association; Church Hospitality. Andover.
Cicero's Closing Years. Harriet W. Preston. Atlantic.
Vol. I. of the Papers of the American Society of (Commerce and the Constitution. Mag. Am. History.
Church History; a translation of Dante's “Convito," Corrupt Practices Act. Andover.
by Katharine Hillard; a third volume in Mr. Phyfe's
Contionist, Anatomy of the. Thos. Dwight. Scribner's.
Creed Subscription. Andover.
series on pronunciation, entitled “ Seven Thousand Diving Birds. John R. Coryell. Harper's.
Words Often Mispronounced”; and “An Essay on
Espy, James Pollard. Popular Science.
Family Physicians. A. H. Smith. Harper's.
Money," by James Platt, author of “Business." Green, T. II., Philosophy of. John Dewey. Andover.
Human Mind, Origin of. G. J. Romanes. Popular Science.
RECENT publications of Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Ibsen, Henrik. G. R. Carpenter. Scribner's.
include “A Constitutional History and Government Mount St. Elias. Wm. Williams. Scribner's.
Natural Gas. Jos. F. James. Popular Science.
of the United States," by J. S. Langdon, Justice of
Norway. Björnstjerne Björnson. Harper's.
the Supreme Court of the State of New York; “A
Ocean Steamers, Building of. W. H. Rideing. Scribner's.
White Umbrella in Mexico," by F. Hopkinson
Parisian Cafés. Theodore Child. Harper's.
People in Government. H. C. Merwin. Atlantic,
Smith, with illustrations by the author: “Passe
Philosophical Studies, Recent. John Bascom. Dial.
Rose," a novel by Arthur S. Hardy; the Works of Plants in Witchcraft. Thiselton Dyer. Popular Science.
Rowland Gibson Hazard, in four volumes, edited
Poetry, Recent. William M. Payne. Diai.
Public Schools and Religion. W. E. Gritlis. Andover,
by Miss Caroline Hazard; “Profit Sharing between Railroad Strikes. C.F. Adams. Scribner's.
Rossetti's Poetry. H. W. Mabie. Andover.
Employer and Employee," by Nicholas Paine Gil-
Science and Christian Science.” F, A, Fernald. Pop. Sci.
man; “Home Gymnastics for the Well and the
Spiritualism. Jos. Jastrow. Popular Science.
Sick," Translated from the German; “ The Imma Tangier and Morocco. Benj. (onstant. Harper's.
Travel, Recent Books of. Octave Thanet. Dial,
nent God, and other Sermons,” by A. W. Jackson;
Vane, Sir Henry. W.F. Poole. Dial.
and a “Holmes Birthday Book," uniform with the Variation. C. V. Riley. Popular Science.
Venice to Assos. W. C. Lawton. Atlantic.
Longfellow and other Birthday Books published by
Washington. Mrs. M. J. Lamb. Mag. Am, History.
this house.
Washington the Man. J. J. Halsey. Dial.
Washington's Inauguration. J. B. McMaster. Harper's.
MESSRS. SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & Co. of London
Washington City. C. K. Tuckerman. Mag. Am. History.
will soon publish, says “The Athenæum," some Washingtonland. M. D. Conway. Harper's.
Week Day Religions Instruction of Children. Andover.
hitherto unprinted letters of Mrs. Carlyle, “written
Why Our Science Students Go to Germany. Atlantic.
to an intimate friend of her girlhood, some of them | Zoological Gardens. R. W. Shufeldt. Popular Science.


1889.)
333
THE DIAL
BOOKS OF THE MONTH.
The Immanent God, and Other Sermons. By Abraham
W. Jackson, 12mo, pp. 159. Gilt top. Houghton,
Mifllin & Co. $1.00,
[ The following list includes all books received by THE DIAL The Cross, Ancient and Modern. By Wilson W. Blake.
during the month of March, 1889.)
Illustrated. 8vo, pp. 52. Anson D. F. Randolph &
Co, $1.50,
BOOKS FOR EASTER.
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
From Snow to Sunshine. By Alice Wellington Rollins.
The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley, D.C.L., With Water-Color Drawings of Butterflies by Susie
author of « The History of the United Netherlands,"
Barstow Skelding. Oblong Cover in Color and Gilt.
etc. Edited by George William Curtis, With Por-
Tied. F. A. Stokes & Bro, $1.50.
trait. In two volumes. Royal 8vo. Gilt top. Harper Heaven and Earth. An Antiphon. By Edith M.
& Bros. $7.00.
Thomas. Illustrated with Halftone Engravings by
French Traits. An Essay in Comparative Criticism,
W. St. John Harper. Oblong. Cover in Color and Gilt.
By W. C. Brownell, 12mo, pp. 411. (has. Scribner's Tied. F. A. Stokes and Brother. $1.00.
Sons. $1.50.
Hark! Hark! My Soul! By Frederick W. Faber.
Recollections of a Literary Man. Translated from the
Illustrated by Half-tone Engravings after Original
French of Alphonse Daudet, by Laura Ensor. Illus-
Designs by W. St. John Harper. Square 16mo. Padded
trated by Bieler, Montégut, and others. 12mo, pp. Covers. F. A. Stokes & Bro. 50 cents.
268. Paper. Uncut. Geo. Routledge & Sons. $1.50.
An Introduction to the Poetry of Robert Browning.
By William John Alexander, øh.D. 12mo, pp. 212.
FICTION
Ginn & Co. $1.10.
Passe Rose. By Arthur Sherburne Hardy, author of
The Writings of Jonathan Swift. Edited by Henry " But Yet a Woman." 16mo, pp. 361. Houghton, Mimin
Morley, LL.D. 12mo, pp. 448. The Carisbrooke Library. & Co. $1.25.
Geo. Routledge & Sons. $1.00.
Micah Clarke: His Statement as Made to His Three
The Fragments of the Works of Heraclitus of Ephesus
Grandchildren during the Hard Winter of 1734.
on Nature. Translated from the Greek Text of By.
Compiled Day by Day, from His Own Narration, by
water, with an Introduction, Historical and Critical,
Joseph Clarke, and Never Previously Set Forthin
by G. T. W. Patrick, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 131. Baltimore:
Print. By A, Conan Doyle, 12mo, pp. 421. Uncut.
N. Murray, $1.00.
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