equel to “The Wilderness Fugitives.” Illus-
trated.
LOST IN THE WILDERNESS.
“War Whoop” series, No 1. By Lieut. R. H.
JAYNE, author of “The White Mustang,” etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, $1,00.
“Will be read with interest by young people.”—
Boston Transcript.
THROUGH APACHE LAND.
“War Whoop” series, No. 2. By Lieut. R. H.
JAYNE, author of “The White Mustang,” etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, $1,00.
“A most interesting story for boys.”—Columbus
Journal.
For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by
THE PRICE–McGILL COMPANY, PublishERs,
ST. PAUL, MINN.


164
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
New Books and New Editions for
THE AUTUMN AND CHRISTMAS SEASON OF 1893.
THE VERDANT GREEN SERIES.
New and very attractive editions of these Famous College Stories, with all the original illustrations.
The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman. By Cuthbkrt Bede. In three
parts. Part I. The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green. Part II. The Further Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green. Part
III. Mr. Verdant Green Married and Done For. With 4 etched frontispieces and etched titles, and 180 illustrations by
the author. 2 vols.
Little Mr. Bouncer and His Friend, Verdant Green. Also Tales of College Life. I. A Long
Vacation Vigil. II. "Aeger," or Mistaken Identity. III. The Only Man Left in College on Christmas Day. By Cuth-
bert Bede. With etched title and etched frontispiece, and 78 illustrations by the author. 1 vol.
Together, 3 vols. 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $3-00 ; half calf, extra, gilt top, $10.00; half morocco, extra, gilt top, $10.00.
Also a limited large-paper edition of 250 numbered copies on Dickinson hand-made paper, with proofs of etchings on Japan
paper, 3 vols. 8vo, cloth, uncut, $15.00, net.
A Volume of Short Stories by the Author of" With Fire and
Sword." Daintily Bound and Beautifully Illustrated.
YANKO THE MUSICIAN, AND OTHER STORIES.
Translated from the Polish of Henryk Sienkiewicz by
Jeremiah Curtin. Ulustrated by Edmund H. Garhett.
ltimo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.25.
None of the stories have ever before been translated into English, al-
though Yanko the Musician, the initial story of the volume, won th -
author his fame. In a review of Sienkiowicz in Blackwood's Magazine,
this beautiful story was fittingly described as a little poem in prose,
absolutely perfect of its kind. "Bartek the Victor " Is tho story of a
hero of the Franco-Prussian war."
Xenophon's Art of Horsemanship.
THE ART OF HORSEMANSHIP. Translated from
the writings of Xenophon, with Preface by Dr. Morris
H. Morgan. With several full-page plates, and numerous
illustrations from the antique. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.50;
half calf, extra, or half morocco, extra, gilt top, $3.25;
limp morocco, gilt edges, $3.75.
Tills work has been translated into various languages, but the present
edition is, so far as known, its first publication as a separate work in
English.
Olympe de Cleves. A Romance of the Court of Louis XV.,
by Alexandre Dumas, never before translated. Uniform
with the Library edition of the Works of Dumas.
OLYMPE DE CLEVES. By Alexandre Dumas, with
etched frontispiece and engraved portrait .of the Comtesse
de Mailly, by Petitot. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt
top, $3.00; half calf, extra, gilt top, or half morocco, ex-
tra, gilt top, $T>.00.
"A Masterpiece."— William Ernest Henley, the eminent critic, in
Chambers' Cyclopaedia, new edition.
This remarkable romance, one of the greatest ever written by the
greatest of all romantic writers, has not previously been translated into
English. It deals with the Jesuit Novitiate at Avignon, and the French
Court during the early days of the reign of Louis XV."
A new Historical Romance by Henryk Sienkiewicz, completing
"With Fire and Sword " arid " The Deluge."
PAN MICHAEL. An Historical Novel of Poland, the
Ukraine, and Turkey. A sequel to " With Fire and Sword"
and "The Deluge." Translated by Jeremiah Curtin.
Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00.
This great historical romance completes the remarkable series of his-
torical novels by Sienkiewicz, begun "With Fire and Sword " and con-
tinued in "The Deluge." These powerful works have been received
everywhere with enthusiastic commendation, and the publication of the
final story of the trilogy can only add too and continue their popularity.
The Popular Edition of Francis Parkman's New Work, com-
pleting his Histories.
A HALF-CENTURY OF CONFLICT. By Francis
Parkman. Popular edition, with 3 maps. 2 vols. 12mo,
cloth, $3.00.
"The characteristics that prove Mr. Parkman to be the first of living
American historians, and possibly of all American historians, living or
dead, are in this work strikingly manifest."— The Critic.
New Life of Shakespeare. Handy in Size, from best Sources.
THE LIFE OF SHAKESPEARE. Copied from the
best sources without comment. By Daniel W. Wilder.
16mo, cloth, $1.00.
There exists no brief and accurate Life of Shakespeare, notwithstand-
ing the many readers of his works. Most of these will prefer a book
which gives the known facts concerning Shakespeare's life, briefly and
accurately stated. To meet these requirements, the present volume
has been compiled. The material which it contains has been copied from
the best sources, and the compiler has inserted no opinions of his own.
New smaller edition of the holiday success, Elizabethan Songs.
ELIZABETHAN SONOS " IN HONOUR OF LOVE'
AND BEAUTIE." Collected and illustrated by Edmund
H. Garrett. With an introduction by Andrew Lang.
Exquisitely printed at the University Press, with black-let-
ter headings, initial letters, etc., and illustrated with 4 vig-
nettes and 7 full-page photogravure plates from water-color
drawings, 50 headings and tail-pieces, and an etched title
with vignette portrait of Queen Elizabeth. 12mo, cloth,
extra, gilt top, $2.00; watered silk, gilt edges, $4.00; limp
morocco, gilt edges, $4.50.
This very beautiful volume includes the best of the many lovely
songs of the Elizabethan age. A selection of the exquisite illustrations
designed for the original edition by Mr. Garrett is included in the pres-
ent edition. In its new form and at so moderate a price, it will be one
of the most attractive holiday books of the present season.
The World's Best Hymns. New edition, withadditional hymns.
THE WORLD'S BEST HYMNS. With an introduc-
tion by Prof. J. W. Churchill, Andover Theological Sem-
inary, and 40 beautiful pictures by Louis K. Harlow.
New edition, lo'mo, decorated cloth, $1.50; China silk,
hand-painted, with designs of flowers, $2.50.
To the new edition of this admirable and very successful collection of
favorite sacred Poems and Hymns have been added " Crossing the Bar,"
by Lord Tennyson (sung at his funeral), "O God, our Hope in Ages
Past" (sung at the funeral of Bishop Brooks), together with selec-
tions from Wither, Thomas Campion, Martin Luther, Ignatius Loyola,
Dean Stanley, etc.
Potter on the Road and Roadside. New Edition.
THE ROAD AND ROADSIDE. By Burton Willis
Potter. Third edition, revised, with 7 additional chap-
tors. 12mo, cloth, $1.50 net. [Ready.)
This little book has already attracted considerable attention from the
great and growing interest in the subject and the novel and delightful
manner of its treatment. It is a book by a lawyer, but he has dealt
with his theme in a manner which makes the book of interest to every
property-owner, traveller, equestrian, pedestrian, and bicyclist.
Governor Russell's Public Addresses.
THE SPEECHES AND MESSAGES OF WIL-
LIAM E. RUSSELL. Edited by Charles Theodore
Russell, Jr., with an introduction by Thomas Went-
worth Higginson, and a portrait of Governor Hussell.
Crown, 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., Publishers, 254 Washington Street, Boston.


1893.]
165
THE DIAL
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
The Price-McGill Company.
IMPORTANT 3£EIV &{Of/ELS.
JOHN HOLDEN, UNIONIST.
By T. C. De Leon and Erwin Ledyard.
Illustrated by Charles Edward Boutwood.
12mo, cloth, $1.50.
"An addition of merit to the literature of the war."
— Chicago Times.
SIX CENT SAMS'.
Stories of Metropolitan Life. By Julian
Hawthorne. Illustrated by John Hen-
derson Garnsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
"Bright, original, and interesting."
— Public Opinion.
HOLIDAY STORIES.
Delightful Sketches. By Stephen Fiske.
12mo, cloth, $1.00.
"Simple, sweet, and natural."— Detroit News.
HONOR.
A Story of New York Society. By Maud
Howe. Illustrated by Charles Edward
Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
"It is a strong book."—New York Recorder.
BROADOAKS.
A Romance of Virginia. By M. G. McClel-
land. Illustrated by Charles Edward
Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
"The theme is wholly original and the story ranks
among the best of this author."—Boston Transcript.
SYLVESTER ROMAINE.
A Dramatic Novel of our times. By Charles
Pelletreau, B.D. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
"A story of special interest for its study of types."
— Boston Ideas.
'BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
THE TALKING HANDKERCHIEF.
By Tlios. W. Knox, author of "The Boy Trav-
ellers," etc. Illustrated by John Henderson
Garnsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
"It is a regular boy's book."— Public Opinion.
A CLOSE SHAVE.
By Thos. W. Knox, author of " The Boy Trav-
ellers," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
"Young readers will find it a book to get their heads
together over while they go breathlessly through the
pages."—New York Independent.
TOM AND THE MONEY KING.
By W. O. Stoddard, author of " Dab Kinzer,"
"Saltillo Boys," etc. Illustrated by Charles
Edward Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE ROMANCE OF A SCHOOLBOY.
By Mary A. Denison. Illustrated by John
Henderson Garnsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
MARKING THE BOUNDARY.
By Edward E. Billings. Illustrated by John
Henry Garnsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE RIVER AND WILDERNESS SERIES.
12mo, cloth, 3 vols, in box, $3.75.
Vol. I. THE RIVER FUGITIVES.
By Edward S. Ellis, author of "Young Pio-
neer" series, etc. Illustrated.
Vol.11. THE WILDERNESS FUGITIVES.
A sequel to " The River Fugitives." Illustrated.
Vol. III. LENA-WINGO, THE MOHAWK.
A sequel to " The Wilderness Fugitives." Illus-
trated.
LOST IN THE WILDERNESS.
"War Whoop" series, No 1. By Lieut. R. H.
Jayne, author of "The White Mustang," etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, $1.00.
"Will be read with interest by young people."—
Boston Transcript.
THROUGH APACHE LAND.
« War Whoop " series, No. 2. By Lieut. R. H.
Jayne, author of "The White Mustang," etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, §1.00.
"A most interesting story for boys."—Columbus
Journal.
For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by
THE PRICE-McGILL COMPANY, Publishers, . . . St. Paul, Minn.


16G
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
To California and Back
'By tbe Santa Fe Impute. Tbe most attractive American
tour. qA new descriptive book, with tbe above title, con-
taining over 150 pages and as many pen-and-ink Illus-
trations, sent free, on receipt of four cents in postage, by
JNO. J. 'BYRNE,
joi Monadnock Building, Chicago, III.
MEISTERSCHAFT SUPERSEDED
BY ITS OWN AUTHOR,
DR. RICHARD S. ROSENTHAL.
Dr. Rosenthal's name has become a household word
wherever foreign languages are studied. A new work,
The Rosenthal Method of
Practical Linguistry,
has just been issued by him, which does not only super-
sede his former system, published twenty years ago, but
will be found superior to any method. It is the ma-
ture outcome of twenty-five years' experience of the
greatest linguist and foremost teacher of the age, en-
abling anyone to learn to
SPEAK FLUENTLY AND CORRECTLY,
with scarcely an effort and without a teacher,
GERMAN, FRENCH, OR SPANISH,
within a marvellously short time.
"Next to living in a foreign country, this is undoubtedly
the best of all methods for learning modern languages."—
The Nation.
Exact pronunciation given. All subscribers become
actual pupils of Dr. Rosenthal, who answers all ques-
tions and corrects all exercises free of charge. Terms
of membership, $5.00 for each language. Part I., each
language, 50 cts.
Polyglot Book Company,
.'M Lafayette Building, Chicaoo, III.
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY,
Monon Building, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.
An Examination of YVeismannism. By George
John Romanes, M.A., LL.D.. F.R.S. 23u' pages, $1.00.
A thorough analysis and criticism, by one of the moat eminent and
best-known of English biologists, of WeUinann's theories of heredity
and evolution, which are brought into comparison with those advanced
by Darwin and Gallon.
The Primer of Philosophy. By Paul Carcs, Ph.D.
240 pages, $1.00.
A clear and systematic treatment of the fundamental notions and
principles of philosophy, from the standpoint of the most recent science,
and yet in the light of the philosophical speculations of ancient, medi-
leval, and modem times. Careful definitions are given of all the philo-
sophical terras of current value, and in the discussion of axioms full
use is made of recent mathematical investigations into the nature of
space, etc. The unique value of the book is derived from the fact that
it is the first popular compendium of monistic positivism that has ever
appeared.
The Science of Mechanics. A Critical and Historical
Exposition of Its Principles. " By Dr. Ernst Mach, Pro-
fessor of Physics in the University of Prague, Austria.
Translated from the second German Edition by Thomas
J. McCorniack. 1 vol., half mor., gilt top, 538 pages, 250
illustrations and cuts, $2.50.
The aim of this work is to exhibit the evolution of mechanical science,
and to present its principles from the point of view of the theory of
knowledge, freeing it from all raetaphysicisra. In the original it has
attracted, by the simplicity, clearness, and profundity of its views, the
attention of thinkers in all parts of the world.
The Religion of Science Library. Bi-monthly. $1.50
per year, 75 cents for six months, 25 cents for single numbers.
I. July. The Religion of Science. Paul Cakus, Ph.D.
II. September. Three Introductory lectures on the Science
of Thought. Prof. F. Max Muller.
III. November. Three Lectures on the Science of Language.
Prof. F. Max Muller.


1893.]
161
THE DIAL
NEW BOOKS FOR READERS AND LIBRARIES.
The Classic Myths in English Literature.
Baaed chiefly on Bulfinch's " Age of Fable." Accompanied
by an Interpretative and Illustrated Commentary. Edited
by Charles Mills Gayley, Professor of the English Lan-
guage and Literature in the University of California, l'.'mo,
cloth, xxxviu. plus 539 pages. Price, $1.(55.
Principles of Education.
By Malcolm MacVicab, Ph.D., LL.D. 12mo, cloth, vi.
plus 178 pages. Price, 70 cents.
Excavations of the American School of Athens
at the Heraion of Argos, 1893.
By Charles Waldstein, Litt.D., Ph.D., L.H.D., Director
of the American School of Classical Studies, Athens, etc.
No. 1. Quarto, paper, lithographic plates, 20 plus 8 pages.
Price, $3.15.
Chesterfield's Letters.
Abridged by Edwin Gijtn from Edition of Charles Sayle.
With Life, by M. F. Wheaton. 12mo, xvm. plus 116
pages. Price, boards, 30 cents; cloth, 40 cents.
Hume's Treatise of Morals: And Selections from
the Treatise of the Passions.
With an Introduction by James H. Hyslop, Ph.D., Instruc-
tor in Logic, Ethics, and Psychology, Columbia College,
New York. 12mo, cloth, iv. plus 275 pages. Price, $1.10.
The Ingenious Oentleman Don Quixote
of La Mancha.
By Miouel De Cebvantes Saavbdba. John Obmsby's
translation. Abridged and edited by Mabel F. Wheaton.
121110, xiv. plus 272 pages. Price, boards, 00 cts; cloth,
70 cents.
Analytics of Literature.
A Manual for the Objective Study of English Prose and
Poetry. By L. A. Shebman, Professor of English Litera-
ture in the University of Nebraska, 12mo, cloth, xx. plus
468 pages. Price, $1.40.
Gods and Heroes; or, The Kingdom of Jupiter.
By R. E. Fbancillon. Authorized American Edition.
12mo, xii. plus 292 pages. Price, boards, 00 cents; cloth,
70 cents.
The Life and Writings of George Oascoigne.
With three poems heretofore not reprinted. (Vol. II., No.
4, Publications of the University of Pennsylvania Series in
Philology, Literature, Archieology.) 8vo, boards, 131 pages.
Price, $1.00.
Outline of the Principles of History.
(Grundriss der Historik.) By Gustav Dboysen, late Pro-
fessor of History in the University of Berlin. With bio-
graphical sketch of the author. Translated by E. Benja-
min Andbews, President of Brown University. 12mo,
cloth, xxxv. plus 122 pages. Price, $1.10.
Leigh Hunt's Answer to the Question,
"What Is Poetry?"
Including Remarks on Versification. Edited by Albebt S.
Cook, Professor of the English Language and Literature in
Yale University. 12mo, cloth, vi. plus 98 pages. Price,
60 cents.
The Legal Code of Aelfred the Great.
Edited, with an Introduction, by Milton H. Tubk, Ph.D.,
Professor of English in Hobart College. 8vo, flexible boards,
viii. plus 147 pages. Price, $1.05.
BOSTON.
GINN & COMPANY,
NEW YORK.
. PUBLISHERS.
CHICAGO.
LONDON.
NOW READY.
The Columbus Gallery.
The Discoverer of the New World as represented
in Portraits, Monuments, Statues, Medals, Paint-
ings, etc. Historical description by Nestor
Ponce de Leon. With an introduction by Ex-
Chief Justice Charles P. Daly. Handsomely
bound in cloth, fully illustrated, $3.00.
The Caravels of Columbus.
Compiled from original documents by Nestor
Ponce de Leon. Illustrated with plans and en-
gravings, 50 cents.
Technological Dictionary.
English-Spanish and Spanish-English. By Nestor
Ponce de Leon. First vol., English-Spanish,
second edition, half morocco, 88.50. Second
vol., Spanish-English, half morocco, 87.50.
for sale by
N. PONCE de LEON, 40 Broadway, New York.
GEO. H. ELLIS, Publisher, Boston.
NOW READY.
The New Bible and Its New Uses.
By Joseph Henby Cbookeb, author of "Jesus Brought
Back," " Problems in American Society," etc. 286 pages.
Cloth, $1.00.
Multitudes of people to-day, both outaide and Inside the churches,
are aware that the New Criticism, arisen in our age, has revealed a New
Bible ; and what they want to know, and in the simplest, most straight -
forward way, is this: What changes in our attitude toward the Bible
are involved; and what new and wiser uses of it are made possible and
necessary by these discoveries? Mr. Crooker's present work suc-
cinctly answers this query.
Phillips Brooks in Boston.
Five Years' Editorial Estimates. By M. C. Aybes, Editor
of the Boston " Daily Advertiser." With an Introduction
by Bev. W. J. Tucker, D.D., President of Dartmouth
College. 120 pages. Cloth, 50 cents.
"One of the moat valuable of monographs upon the late Bishop
Phillips Brooks. No editorial pen in Boston has done such discriminat-
ing and appreciative work along religious, ethical, and literary lines as
that of Mr. Ayres in the "Advertiser." The publisher has done well
to gather these five years' estimates."—Journal of Education.
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
The Spiritual Life.
Studies of Devotion and Worship. 200 pages. Cloth, $1.00.
/. The Spiritual lAfe of the Early Church, by Howard N. Brown;
//. The Spirit of German Mysticism, by Lewis G. Wilson ; Iff. Span-
ish Mysticism and St. Theresa of Avila, by Francis Tiffany; IV. The
Spiritual Life of the Modern Church, by Charles F. Dole; V. The De-
votional Literature of England, by Francis B. Hornbrooke; VI. The
Spiritual Life in Some of Us A merican Phases, by George W. Cooke.
Uplifts of Heart and Will.
Religious Aspirations in Prose and Verse. By James H.
West, author of "The Complete Life," etc. Second thou-
sand, with additions. 106 pages. Cloth, 50 cents.
14 Free from the mechanism of ritual or liturgy, and yet saturated
throughout with the devoutness of one who feels both the mystery of
the world and the glory of the revelation that shines through its
clouds."— Christian Register.


168
[Sept. 16, 1893.
THE DIAL
FORDS, HOWARD, & HULBERT.
The TILGRIM in OLD ENGLAND.
By Amoby H. Bradford, D.D. A Review of the His- ]
tory, Present Condition, and Outlook of the Indepen-
dent (Congregational) Churches in England. South-
worth Lectures for 1892 at Andover Theological Sem-
inary. Crown 8vo, 362 pp., extra cloth, gilt top, $2.00.
With an introductory lecture on "Life and Form," a view of the
organization of the early Christian Church, ita development and vari-
ations through the ages, a special account of the origin and growth of
the Independents In England, and a careful discussion of the great
body of Nonconformist Churches there, this book is of marked histor-
ical and contemporary Interest.
The INTERWOVEN GOSPELS
and GOSPEL HARMONY.
By Rev. William Pittenger. The four Histories of
Jesus Christ blended into a complete and continuous
narrative in the words of the Gospels; interleaved
with pages showing the method of the Harmony.
According to the American Revised Version of 1881.
Full indexes, references, etc. New edition. Seventh
Thousand. 12mo, cloth, red edges, with five maps,
•81.00.
"Well done, and will be welcome aid in the study of the New Testa-
ment."— Examiner, New York.
"You have wisely chosen the Revised Version, with the American
Readings incorporated in the text. For consecutive reading by either
old or young, and for general and popular use, I regard your work as
the best now before the public." — G. W. Clark, D.D., author of "An
English Harmony of the Gospels."
TOURGEES SOUTHERN STORIES
Of Chaotic Times. 5 vols., $1.50 each.
"A word painting of the spirit of our age."
"Murvale Eastman: Christian Socialist." Cloth,81.50.
WILLIAM O. STODDARD.
"Abraham Lincoln," $2.00. "The Volcano Under the
City" (Four days' mob-rule in New York), $1.00.
GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON
and ^DOLORES (MARBOURG.
"Juggernaut." The ambitions, intrigues, and intense
life at Washington, depicted with rugged power.
Cloth, $1.25; paper, 50 cents.
THHEODORE S. VAN TDYKE.
"Southern California," and Sporting Books.
H. W. 'BEECHER'S WORKS.
Twenty-two volumes.
Prof. J. H. PATTON.
"Four Hundred Years of American History." Intro-
duction by Dr. John Lord. 2 vols., $5.00.
WILLIAM CULLEN 'BRYANT.
"A Library of Poetry and Song." Cloth, $o.; half
mor., gilt, $7.50; full mor., gilt, 810.00.
FORDS, HOWARD, & HULBERT, No. 47 East Tenth Street, New York.
BOWSER'S SERIES OF
Mathematical Text Books
An Elementary Treatise on Analytic Geometry.
Embracing Plane Geometry and an Introduction to Geometry of
Three Dimensions.
Seventeenth revised edition, 12mo, cloth, 319 pages. 1803.
Price, $1.75.
An Elementary Treatise on the Differential and
Integral Calculus, with Numerous Examples.
Thirteenth revised edition, 12mo, cloth, 400 pages;
price $2.25.
An Elementary Treatise on Analytic Mechanics,
with Numerous Examples.
Sixth edition, 12mo, cloth, 511 pages; price S3.00.
An Elementary Treatise on Hydromechanics,
with Numerous Examples.
Third edition, cloth, 298 pages ; price $2.50.
The Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry.
Second edition, 12mo, cloth, 393 pages; price $1.40.
Academic Algebra.
Second edition, 12mo, 350 pages; price $1.25.
This work is designed as a Text Book for Common and High Schools
and Academies, and is to prepare Students for entering Colleges
and Scientific Schools.
College Algebra.
Second edition, 12mo, 550 pagesl; price 81.75.
This work is designed as a Text Book for Academies, Colleges and
Scientific Schools. It begins at the beginning of the subject, and
the full treatment of the earlier parts renders it unnecessary that
students who use it shall have previously studied a more elemen-
tary Algebra.
D. VAN NOSTRAND CO., Publishers,
23 Murray and 27 Warren 8t8., New York.
%* Copies sent free by mail on receipt of price.
BURR'S LIBRARY INDEX.
FOR INDEXING SUBJECTS, TO AID THE STUDENT, 8CHOLAR,
CLERGYMAN, LAWYER, PHYSICIAN, EDITOR, AUTHOR,
TEACHER, AND ALL LOVERS OF BOOKS.
All Words and Names are Indexed by the first TWO letters, with
nearly 400 divisions of the Alphabet printed in Thumbholes cut in
the edges of the leaves.
Opened Instantly at any combination by the use of one hand!
An index to information for immediate or future use.
Write .for Descriptive Circulars and Price. (Mention Tra Dial).
THE BURR INDEX COMPANY,
Sole Manufacturers, Hartford, Conn.
PERFECT FREEDOM.
Bishop Phillips Brooks.
The 'Beauty of a Life of Service.
Thought and cAclion.
The Duty of the Christian Business Man.
True Liberty.
The Christ in whom Christians Believe.
eAbraham Lincoln.
With- an etched Portrait by W. H. W. Bicknell.
1 vol., lGmo, cloth, gilt top, $1.00.
Chas. E. Brown & Co., 53 State St., Boston.
, CHICAOO.


THE DIAL
Jt SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
$iterarjj Criticism, gisatssinn, ani> Information.
EDITED BT
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
j Volume XV.
1 No. .
.175.
CHICAGO, OCT. 1, 1893.
10 els. a copy. ) Office: 24 Adams St.
82. a year, j Stevens Building.
Harper's Magazine
FOR OCTOBER.
From the Black Sea to the Persian Oulf
by Caravan.
I. From Trebiisond to Tabreez. By Edwin Loud Weeks.
With 13 Illustrations by the author.
"Manifest Destiny."
By Caul Schubz.
Lispenard's Meadows.
liy Thomas A. Janvier. With 11 Illustrations by W. A.
Rogers.
Our National Qame-Bird.
By Chahi.es D. Lanier. With 6 Illustrations by
A. B. Frost.
Undergraduate Life at Oxford.
By Richard Harding Davis. With 5 Illustrations by
W. Hatherell.
The Handsome Humes.
A Novel. By William Black. Part V. Blustrated.
A French Town in Summer.
By Elizabeth Robins Pennell. With 21 Illustrations by
Joseph Pennell.
The Childhood of Jesus.
By Henry van Dyke. With 4 Illustrations.
A Pirate in Petticoats.
A Story. By Francis Dana.
Riders of Syria.
By Colonel T. A. Dodoe, U.S. A. With 6 Illustrations.
Horace Chase.
A Novel. By Constance Fenimore Woolson. Part X.
(Conclusion).
On Witchcraft Superstition in Norfolk.
By Charles Roper.
Poems:
Death, who art thou f By Annie Fields.—Secrets. By Nina
F. Layard.—The Anchored Dories. By Mary Thacher
Hiooinson.
Editorial Departments.
Subscription Price, $4.00 a Year.
Booksellers and Postmasters usually receive Subscriptions.
Subscriptions sent direct to the publishers should be accompanied
by Post-office Money Order or Draft. When no time is speci-
fied. Subscriptions will begin with the current number. Postage
free to all subscribers in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Harper & Brothers'
NEW BOOKS.
Letters of James Russell Lowell. Edited by Charles
Eliot Norton. With Portraits. 2 vols. 8vo, cloth, uncut
edges and gilt tops, $8.00. (Nearly ready.)
The Prince of India; Or. Why Constantinople Fell. By
Lew. Wallace, Author of "Ben-Hur," etc. 2 vols. 16mo.
cloth, ornamental, $2.50; half leather, $4.00; three-quar-
ter leather, $5.00; three-quarter calf, $6.00; three-quar-
ter crushed levant, $8.00. {In a Box.)
Our Great West. By Julian Ralph, Author of "On
Canada's Frontier," etc. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth, orna-
mental, $2.50.
The Cllff-Dwellers. A Novel. By Henry B. Fuller.
Illustrated by T. de Thulstrup. Post 8vo, cloth, orna-
mental, $1.50.
The Two Salomes. A Novel. By Maria Louise Pool.
Author of "Dally," etc. Post8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25.
The Wheel of Time. Including the Three Stories entitled
The Wheel of Time, Collaboration, and Owen Wingrave. By
Henry Jambs. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00.
The Work of John Ruskin: Its Influence upon Modern
Thought and Life. By Charles Waldstein. With Por-
trait. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00. (" Harper's Amer-
ican Essayists.")
Nowadays, and Other Stories. By Georqe A. Hib-
bard. Author of "Iduna," etc. Illustrated, llimo, cloth,
ornamental, $1.25.
Essays in London and Elsewhere. By Henry James.
Post 8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.23.
THE DISTAFF SERIES.
Two New Volumet:
The Kindergarten. Edited by Kate Douglas Wiooin.
Household Art. Edited by Candace Wheeler.
Kiiuo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00 a volume.
HARPER'S BLACK AND WHITE SERIES.
Latest Issues:
The Work of Washington Irving. By Charles Dud-
ley Warner.
Edwin Booth. By Laurence Hutton.
The Decision of the Court. A Comedy. By Brander
Matthews.
Illustrated. S2mo, cloth, 50 cents each.
The above works are for sale by all Booksellers, or will be
sent by Harper & Brothers, postage prepaid, to any part
of the United States, Canada, or Mexico, on receipt of price.
Harper's Catalogue will be sent to any address on receipt
of Ten Cents.
Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.


17 THE
DIAL
MACMILLAN AND CO.’S NEW BOOKS.
Just Published. A New Book by Professor GOLD WIN SMITH, D.C.L.
THE UNITED STATES-A Political History: 1492-1871.
By GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L. 12mo, $2.00.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
Bay Leaves.
A collection of Translations from the Latin Poets. 16mo, $1.25
A Trip to England.
New, Revised Edition. 18mo, 75 cents.
A New Edition, Revised Throughout, with Numerous Illustrations.
SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND.
By WILLIAM WINTER, author of “Shadows of the Stage,” etc. With numerous full-page and vignette
illustrations, and a new photogravure portrait of the author by ARTHUR JULE GoodMAN. 12mo, full
gilt, ornamental cover, $2.00.
Just Published. Vol. II. Price, $1.50.
THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS, F.R.S.
With Lord BRAYBRookE's NoTEs. Edited, with Additions,
by HENRY B. WHEATLEY, F.S.A. Vol. II., $1.50. Vol. I.,
already published, $1.50,
*** Also, a Large-paper Limited Edition, $5.00. This edi-
tion sold only in sets.
THE RESISTANCE OF SHIPS AND
SCREW PROPULSION.
By D. W. TAYLOR, of the United States Navy Yard at Mare
Island, Cal. 8vo, with illustrations, 6 tables, $3.75.
AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THEO.
RETICAL MECHANICS.
Part I., KINEMATICS.
By Prof. ALExANDER Ziwet, of the University of Michigan.
8vo, with diagrams, $2.25.
Just Published. 8vo, cloth, 85.00.
A TREATISE ON THE THEORY OF
FUNCTIONS.
By JAMEs HARKNEss, M.A., Associate Professor of Mathe-
matics in Bryn Mawr College, late Scholar of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and FRANK MoRLEY, M.A., Professor of
Pure Mathematics in Haverford College, late Scholar of
King's College, Cambridge. 8vo, $5.00.
Just Published. Period VII. Price, $1.40.
EUROPE: 1789. 1815.
By H. MoRSE STEPHENs, M.A. Period VII. 12mo, $1.40.
A MANUAL OF TELEPHONY.
By WILLIAM HENRY PREECE, F.R.S., and ARTHUR J.
STUBBs. 12mo, cloth, $4.50.
Just Published. In similar style to the Issues of the Novels of
Jane Austen and the Brontés.
THE NOVELS OF HENRY FIELDING.
Edited, with an Introductory Memoir, by GEoRGE SAINTs-
BURY, and portrait and illustrations by HERBERT RAILTON
and E. J. WHEELER. To be completed in 1216mo vols.
Now Ready:
Wols. 1 and 2, JOSEPH ANDREWS. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Vols. 3–6, TOM JONES. 4 vols., $1.00 each.
*** Also, a Large-paper, Limited Edition, on hand-made paper, at
$3.00 per volume.
Uniform with the 10-volume Edition of Jane Austen's Works.
THE NOVELS AND POEMS OF
CHARLOTTE, EMILY, and ANNE BRONTE.
In 1216mo volumes. With portrait and 36 illustrations in
photogravure, after drawings by H. S. GREIG. $1.00 each.
Now Ready:
Wols. 1 and 2, JANE EYRE. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Wols. 3 and 4, SHIRLEY. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Wols. 5 and 6, VILLETTE. 2 vols.
Vol. 7, POEMS.
Vol. 8, THE PROFESSOR.
Vols. 9 and 10, WUTHERING HEIGHTS and AGNES. 2 vols.,
$1.00 each.
*** Also, a Large-paper Limited Edition on hand-made paper, at $3.00
per volume.
A New Novel by F. Marion Crawford.
PIETRO GHISLERI.
By F. MARIoN CRAwford, author of “Saracinesca,” “Mr.
Isaacs,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“The story has power, is highly dramatic in parts, and the threads of
the plot are held firmly in the hands of a master.”—Phila. Telegraph.
New editions of F. MARIon CRAwford's Novels in uni-
form binding. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 each.
A ROMAN SINGER. TO LEEWARD.
PAUL PATOFF. AN AMERICAN POLITIC1AN.
*** Messrs. Macmillan & Co. have removed to their new premises at 66 Fifth Avenue.
MACMILLAN & CO., PUBLISHERs,
. No. 66 FIFTH AvKNUE, NEw York.


1893.]
171
By TWO OF THE “LITTLE WOMEN.”
COMIC TRAGEDIES. Written by “Jo” and “Meg,”
and acted by the “Little Women.” With a Foreword by
“Meg.” Portraits of “Jo” and “Meg,” and a view of the
house in which they lived. Uniform with “Little Women.”
16mo, cloth, $1.50.
By HELEN JACKSON.
COMPLETE POEMS. New Edition.
12mo, cloth, $1.50; white and gold, $1.75.
By THOMAS W. HIGGINSON and MARY T. HIGGINSON.
SUCH AS THEY ARE. Poems. Illustrated by E. M.
GARRETT. Small 4to, cloth. (In press.)
By HONORE DE BALZAC.
THE VILLAGE RECTOR. Translated by KATHERINE
P. WoRMELEY. 12mo, half russia, $1.50.
The twenty-sixth of our series of translations.
By EMILY DICKINSON.
COMPLETE POEMS. Edited by T. W. Higginson and
MABEL Loomis ToDD. First and second series in one vol-
ume. 12mo, cloth, gilt, $2.00.
By EDWARD E. HALE.
FOR FIFTY YEARS. Verses written on occasion in the
course of the nineteenth century. 16mo, cloth, $1.00.
A collection of Mr. Hale's verses written on various occa-
sions during the last half-century.
HELPFUL WORDS. From the writings of Edward E.
HALE. Selected by MARY B. MERRILL, Illustrated by
FRANK T. MERRILL. Square 16mo, cloth, $1.00.
By AGNES BLAKE POOR.
BROTHERS AND STRANGERS. A Novel.
cloth, $1.00.
A story of life in Boston and Western New York.
By GER TRUDE HALL.
ALLEGRETTO. A volume of Poems. By the author of
“Far from To-day.” Illustrated by OLIVER HERFord.
Small 4to, cloth. (In press.)
With Portrait.
16mo,
OUR AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS.
By SUSAN COOLIDGE,
THE BARBERRY BUSH, and Seven other Stories about
Girls for Girls. Illustrated by JEssIE McDERMott. Uni-
form with “What Katy Did,” etc. 16mo, cloth, $1.25.
By MISS A. G. PLYMPTON.
ROBIN'S RECRUIT. By the author of “Dear Daughter
Dorothy,” “Betty, a Butterfly,” “Little Sister of Wili-
fred.” Illustrated by the author. Square 12mo, cloth,
$1.00.
By EDITH EMERSON FORRES.
THE CHILDREN'S YEAR - BOOK. Selections for
Every Day in the Year. 16mo, cloth. (In press.)
Columbian Knowledge Series.
Edited by Professor Todd, of Amherst College. A series
of mon phs. Each complete in itself. Scientific, but un-
technical, and illustrated freely when appropriate. 16mo
volumes, uniform cloth, $1.00 each.
Now in Press :
STARS AND TELESCOPES. By DAvid P. Todd, M.A.,
Ph.D., Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Amherst
Observatory. Being the Seventh London Edition of “Ce-
lestial Motions,” by W. T. Lynn, F.R.A.S., with extensive
additions and fully illustrated.
TOTAL ECLIPSES OF THE SUN.
Loomis ToDD.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN AMERICA. By W. I. FLETCHER.
In Preparation for Early Issue:
ASIATIC CHOI,ERA AND ITS PREVENTION.
AERIAL LOCOMOTION.
OUR COAL AND HOW TO CONSERVE IT.
By Mrs. MABEL
The Renaissance 'Bindings.
We issue this season a line of our most popular books,
bound in full crushed turkey morocco, of dainty colors, dec-
orated in a style which is a revival of various old English ar-
tistic bindings of some seventy or eighty years ago. The
books are beautifully hand-finished with solid gold edges.
By HELEN CAMPBELL.
THE EASIEST WAY IN HOUSEKEEPING AND
C00KING. Adapted to Domestic Use or Study in Classes.
A new revised edition. 16mo, $1.00.
POEMS BY HELEN JACKSON (H. H.). With portrait.
12mo, $4.00.
POEMS BY EMILY DICKINSON. Both series in one
volume. 12mo, $4.00.
POEMS BY SUSAN COOLIDGE, “Verses” and “A
WOMEN WAGE-EARNERS. Their Past; Their Pres-
ent; Their Future. 16mo, cloth, $1.50.
By HORACE PARKER CHANDLER.
THE LOVER'S YEAR-BOOK OF POETRY. Mar-
ried-Life and Child-Life. A collection of Love-Poems for
every day in the year. Vol. I., January to June, 16mo,
cloth, $1.25; white and gold, $1.50. Vol. II., July to De-
cember, cloth, $1.25; white and gold, $1.50.
By A. MARY F. ROBINSON (Madame Darmesteter).
RETROSPECT, and Other Poems. By the author of
“An Italian Garden,” “Life of Emily Brontë,” etc. With
frontispiece. 12mo, $1.00.
By W. B. YEATS.
COUNTESS KATHLEEN. A Dramatic Poem and Vari-
ous Legends and Lyrics. Frontispiece by J. T. NETTLE-
SHIP. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
Our Complete Catalogue mailed free on application.
ROBERTS BROTHERS,
Few More Verses.” In one volume. 16mo, $3.00.
BULWER-LYTTON'S DRAMAS AND POEMS. With
portrait. 16mo, $3.00.
WIT AND WISDOM OF GEORGE ELIOT. With a bio-
graphical memoir. 16mo, $3.00.
THE DAY'S MESSAGE. Chosen by SUsAN Coolidge.
16mo, $3.00.
DAILY STRENGTH FOR DALLY NEEDS, “As thy
days, so shall thy strength be.” Selected by MARY W.
TILESTON. 16mo, $3.00.
QUIET HOURS. Selected by MARY W. TILEston. 16mo,
$3.00.
SUNSHINE IN THE SOUL. Selected by MARY W. Tile-
ston. 16mo, $3.00.
TENDER AND TRUE. Poems of Love selected by MARY
W. TILESTON. 16mo, $3.00.
Any book on the list will be sent on receipt of price.
PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.


164
THE DIAL
New Books and New Editions for
THE AUTUMN AND CHRISTMAS SEASON OF 1893.
THE VERDANT GREEN SERIES.
New and very attractive editions of these Famous College Stories, with all the original illustrations.
The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman.
parts. Part I. The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green.
III. Mr. Werdant Green Married and Done For.
the author. 2 vols.
Part II. The Further Adventures of Mr. Verdant Green.
With 4 etched frontispieces and etched titles, and 180 illustrations by
In three
Part
By Cuthbert BEDE.
Little Mr. Bouncer and His Friend, Verdant Green. Also Tales of College Life. I. A Long
Vacation Vigil.
BERT BEDE.
II. “Aeger,” or Mistaken Identity. III. The Only Man Left in College on Christmas Day.
With etched title and etched frontispiece, and 78 illustrations by the author.
By CUTH-
1 vol.
Together, 3 vols. 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $5.00; half calf, extra, gilt top, $10.00; half morocco, extra, gilt top, $10.00.
Also a limited large-paper edition of 250 numbered copies on Dickinson hand-made paper, with proofs of etchings on Japan
paper, 3 vols. 8vo, cloth, uncut, $15.00, net.
A Volume of Short Stories by the Author of “ With Fire and
Sword.” Daintily Bound and Beautifully Illustrated.
YANKO THE MUSICIAN, AND OTHER STORIES.
Translated from the Polish of HENRYK Sienkiewicz by
JEREMIAH CURTIN. Illustrated by EDMUND H. GARRETT.
16mo, cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.25.
None of the stories have ever before been translated into English, al-
though Yanko the Musician, the initial story of the volume, won the
author his fame. In a review of Sienkiewicz in Blackwood's Magazine,
this beautiful story was ºngly described as a little poem in prose,
absolutely perfect of its kind. “Bartek the Victor” is the story of a
hero of the Franco-Prussian war.”
Xenophon's Art of Horsemanship.
TriB ART OF HORSEMANSHIP. Translated from
the writings of XENophon, with Preface by Dr. MoRRIs
H. MoRGAN. With several full-page plates, and numerous
illustrations from the antique. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.50;
half calf, extra, or half morocco, extra, gilt top, $3.25;
limp morocco, gilt edges, $3.75.
This work has been translated into various languages, but the present
edition is, so far as known, its first publication as a separate work in
English.
Olympe de Clèves. A Romance of the Court of Louis XV.,
by Alexandre Dumas, never before translated. Uniforn
with the Library edition of the Works of Dumas.
OLYMPE DE CLEVES. By ALExANDRE DUMAs, with
etched frontispiece and engraved portrait of the Comtesse
de Mailly, by PETITot. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, extra, gilt
top, $3.00; half calf, extra, gilt top, or half morocco, ex-
tra, gilt top, $6.00.
“A Masterpiece.”— William Ernest Henley, the eminent critic, in
Chambers' Cyclopædia, new edition.
This remarkable romance, one of the greatest ever written by the
greatest of all romantic writers, has not previously been translated into
English. It deals with the Jesuit Novitiate at Avignon, and the French
Court during the early days of the reign of Louis XV.”
A new Historical Romance by Henryk Sienkiewicz, completing
“With Fire and Sword ” and “The Deluge.”
PAN MICHAEL. An Historical Novel of Poland, the
Ukraine, and Turkey. A sequel to “With Fire and Sword”
and “The Deluge.” Translated by JEREMIAH CURTIN.
Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00.
This great historical romance completes the remarkable series of his-
torical novels by Sienkiewicz, begun “With Fire and Sword ” and con-
tinued in “The Deluge.” These powerful works have been received
everywhere with enthusiastic dation, and the publication of the
final story of the trilogy can only add too and continue their popularity.
The Popular Edition ſº Parkman's New Work, com-
pleting his Histories.
A HALF-CENTURY OF CONFLICT.
PARKMAN. Popular edition, with 3 maps.
cloth, $3.00.
“The characteristics that prove Mr. Parkman to be the first of living
American historians, and §.'. of all American historians, living or
dead, are in this work strikingly manifest.”— The Critic.
By FRANCIs
2 vols. 12mo,
New Life of Shakespeare. Handy in Size, from best Sources.
THE LIFE OF SHAKESPEARE. Copied from the
best sources without comment. By DANIEL W. WILDER.
16mo, cloth, $1.00.
There exists no brief and accurate Life of Shakespeare, notwithstand-
ing the many readers of his works. Most of these will prefer a book
which gives the known facts concerning Shakespeare's life, briefly and
accurately stated. To meet these requirements, the present volume
has been compiled. The material which it contains has been copied from
the best sources, and the compiler has inserted no opinions of his own.
New smaller edition of the holiday success, Elizabethan Songs.
ELIZABETHAN SONGS “ IN HONOUR OF LOVE
AND BEAUTIE.” Collected and illustrated by EDMUND
H. GARRETT. With an introduction by ANDREw LANG.
Exquisitely printed at the University Press, with black-let-
ter headings, initial letters, etc., and illustrated with 4 vig-
nettºs and 7 full-page photogravure plates from water-color
drawings, 50 headings and tail-pieces, and an etched title
with vignette portrait of Queen Elizabeth. 12mo, cloth,
extra, gilt top, $2.00; watered silk, gilt edges, $4.00; limp
morocco, gilt edges, $4.50.
This very beautiful volume includes the best of the many lovely
songs of the Elizabethan age. A selection of the exquisite illustrations
designed for the original edition by Mr. Garrett is included in the pres-
ent edition. In its new form and at so moderate a price, it will be one
of the most attractive holiday books of the present season.
The World's Best Hymns. New edition, with additional hymns.
The WORLD'S BEST HYMNS. With an introduc-
tion by Prof. J. W. CHURCHILL, Andover Theological Sem-
inary, and 40 beautiful pictures by Louis K. HARLow.
New edition. 16mo, decorated cloth, $1.50; China silk,
hand-painted, with designs of flowers, $2.50.
To the new edition of this admirable and very successful collection of
favorite sacred Poems and Hymns have been added “Crossing the Bar,”
by Lord Tennyson (sung at his funeral), “O God, our Hope in Ages
Past" (sung at the funeral of Bishop Brooks), together with selec-
tions from Wither, Thomas Campion, Martin Luther, Ignatius Loyola,
Dean Stanley, etc.
Potter on the Road and Roadside. New Edition.
THE ROAD AND ROADSIDE. By Burton WILLIs
Porter. Third edition, revised, with 7 additional chap-
ters. 12mo, cloth, $1.50 met. (Ready.)
This little book has already attracted considerable attention from the
great and growing interest in the subject and the novel and delightful
manner of its treatment. It is a book by a lawyer, but he has dealt
with his theme in a manner which makes the book of interest to every
property-owner, traveller, equestrian, pedestrian, and bicyclist.
Governor Russell's Public Addresses.
THE SPEECHES AND MESSAGES OF WIL-
LIAM E. RUSSELL. Edited by CHARLEs THEoDoRE
Russell, JR., with an introduction by Thomas WENT-
worth Higginson, and a portrait of Governor Russell.
Crown, 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., Publishers, 254 Washington Street, Boston.
--
-—- - - -


1893.]
165
THE DIAL
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
THE PRICE.-MCGILL COMPANY.
IMPORTANT WEW 5NCOVELS.
JOHN HOLDEN, UNIONIST.
By T. C. DE LEoN and ERwiN LEDYARD.
Illustrated by CHARLEs Edward Boutwood.
12mo, cloth, $1.50.
“An addition of merit to the literature of the war.”
— Chicago Times.
CENT SAMS’.
Stories of Metropolitan Life. By JuliaN
HAwthor NE. Illustrated by John HEN-
DERson GARNSEY. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
“Bright, original, and interesting.”
– Public Opinion.
HOLIDAY STORIES.
Delightful Sketches.
12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“Simple, sweet, and natural.”—Detroit News.
SIX
By STEPHEN FiskE.
‘BOOKS FO
HONOR.
A Story of New York Society. By MAUD
Howe. Illustrated by CHARLEs Edward
Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
“It is a strong book.”— New York Recorder.
BROADOAKS.
A Romance of Virginia. By M. G. McCLEL-
LAND. Illustrated by CHARLEs Edward
Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“The theme is wholly original and the story ranks
among the best of this author.”—Boston Transcript.
SYLVESTER ROMAINE.
A Dramatic Novel of our times. By Charles
PELLETREAU, B.D. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“A story of special interest for its study of types.”
– Boston Ideas.
THE YOUNG.
THE TALKING HANDKERCHIEF.
By Thos. W. KNox, author of “The Boy Trav-
ellers,” etc. Illustrated by John HENDERson
GARNsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
“It is a regular boy's book.”—Public Opinion.
A CLOSE SHAVE.
By Thos. W. KNox, author of “The Boy Trav-
ellers,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“Young readers will find it a book to get their heads
together over while they go breathlessly through the
pages.”—New York Independent.
TOM AND THE MONEY KING.
By W. O. Stoddard, author of “Dab Kinzer,”
“Saltillo Boys,” etc. Illustrated by Charles
Edward Boutwood. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE ROMANCE OF A SCHOOLBOY.
By MARY A. DENIsoN. Illustrated by John
HENDERSON GARNSEY. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
MARKING THE BOUNDARY.
By Edward E. BILLINGs. Illustrated by John
HENRY GARNsey. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE RIVER AND WILDERNESS SERIES.
12mo, cloth, 3 vols. in bor, $3.75.
Vol. I. THE RIVER FUGITIVES.
By Edward S. Ellis, author of “Young Pio-
neer” series, etc. Illustrated.
Vol. II. THE WILDERNESS FUGITIVES.
A sequel to “The River Fugitives.” Illustrated.
Vol. III. LENA-WINGO, THE MOHAWK.
A sequel to “The Wilderness Fugitives.” Illus-
trated.
LOST IN THE WILDERNESS.
“War Whoop” series, No 1. By Lieut. R. H.
JAYNE, author of “The White Mustang,” etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, $1.00.
“Will be read with interest by young people.”—
Boston Transcript.
THROUGH APACHE LAND.
“War Whoop" series, No. 2. By Lieut. R. H.
JAYNE, author of “The White Mustang,” etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, $1.00.
“A most interesting story for boys.”— Columbus
Journal.
For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by
THE PRICE–McGILL COMPANY, PUBLISHERs,
St. PAUL, MINN.


166
THE DIAL
TO CALIFORNIA AND BACK
‘By the Santa Fe Route.
four.
The most attractive cy?merican
c/1 new descriptive book, with the above title, con-
laining over 150 pages and as many pen-and-ink Illus-
trations, sent free, on receipt of four cents in postage, by
JNO. J. B.YRNE,
701 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO, ILL.
MEISTERSCHAFT SUPERSEDED
BY ITS OWN AUTHOR,
DR. RICHARD S. ROSENTHAL.
Dr. Rosenthal's name has become a household word
wherever foreign languages are studied. A new work,
THE ROSENTHAL METHOD OF
PRACTICAL LINGUISTRY,
has just been issued by him, which does not only super-
sede his former system, published twenty years ago, but
will be found superior to any method. It is the ma-
ture outcome of twenty-five years' experience of the
greatest linguist and foremost teacher of the age, en-
abling anyone to learn to
SPEAR FLUENTLY AND CORRECTLY,
with scarcely an effort and without a teacher,
GERMAN, FR EN CHI, OR SPANISII,
within a marvellously short time.
“Next to living in a foreign country, this is undoubtedly
the best of all methods for i. modern languages.”—
The Nation.
Exact pronunciation given. All subscribers become
actual pupils of Dr. Rosenthal, who answers all ques-
tions and corrects all exercises free of charge. Terms
of membership, $5.00 for each language. Part I., each
language, 50 cts.
Polyglot Book Company,
34 Lafayette Building, CHICAGo, ILL.
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY.,
Monon Building, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago, ILL.
An Examination of Weismannism. By George
John Roman Es, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. 236 pages, $1.00.
A thorough analysis and criticism, by one of the most eminent and
best-known of English biologists, of Weismann's theories of heredity
and evolution, which are brought into comparison with those advanced
by Darwin and Galton.
The Primer of Philosophy.
240 pages, $1.00.
A clear and systematic treatment of the fundamental notions and
principles of philosophy, from the standpoint of the most recent science,
and yet in the light of the philosophical speculations of ancient, medi-
aeval, and modern times. Careful definitions are given of all the philo-
sophical terms of current value, and in the discussion of axioms full
use is made of recent mathematical investigations into the nature of
space, etc. The unique value of the book is derived from the fact that
it is the first popular compendium of monistic positivism that has ever
appeared.
The Science of Mechanics. A Critical and Historical
Exposition of Its Principles. By Dr. ERNst MACh, Pro-
fessor of Physics in the University of Prague, Austria.
Translated from the second German Edition by Thomas
J. McCormack, 1 vol., half mor., gilt top, 538 pages, 250
illustrations and cuts, $2.50.
The aim of this work is to exhibit the evolution of mechanical science,
and to J. its principles from the point of view of the theory of
knowledge, freeing it from all metaphysicism. In the original it has
attracted, by the simplicity, clearness, and profundity of its views, the
attention of thinkers in all parts of the world.
The Religion of Science Library. Bi-monthly. $1.50
per year, 75 cents for six months, 25 cents for single numbers.
I. July. The Religion of Science. PAUL CARUs, Ph.D.
II. September. Three Introductory Lectures on the Science
of Thought. Prof. F. MAx MULLER.
III. November. Three Lectures on the Science of Language.
Prof. F. MAx MullFR.
By PAUL CARUs, Ph.D.


1893.] THE DIAL 167
NEW BOOKS FOR READERS AND LIBRARIES.
The Classic Myths in English Literature. | Analytics of Literature.
Based chiefly on Bulfinch's "Age of Fable.” Accompanied A_Manual for the Objective Study of *f; Prose, and
by an Interpretative and Illustrated Commentary. ited Poetry. By L. A. SHERMAN, Professor of English Litera-
by CHARLEs MILLs GAYLEY, Professor of the English Lan- ture in the tº it. of Nebraska. 12mo, cloth, xx. plus
§. and Literature in the University of California. 12mo, 468 pages. Price, $1.40.
clotn,
xxxviii. plus 539 pages. Price, $1.65. Gods and Heroes; or, The Kingdom of Jupiter.
Principles of Education. By R. E. FRANCILLON. Authorized American Edition.
By MALcol M MACVICAR, Ph.D., LL.D. 12mo, cloth, v1. 12mo, XII. plus 292 pages. Price, boards, 60 cents; cloth,
plus 178 pages. Price, 70 cents. 70 cents.
Excavations of the American School of Athens The Life and Writings of George Gascoigne.
at the Heraion of Argos, 1892. With three poems heretofore not reprinted. (Vol. II., No.
4. Publications of the University of Pennsylvania Series in
By CHARLEs WALDSTEIN, Litt.D., Ph.D., L.H.D., Director Philology, Literature, Archaeology.) 8vo, boards, 131 pages.
of the American School of Classical Studies, Athens, etc. Price, $1.00
#. 1. sº". paper, lithographic plates, 20 plus 8 pages. * * * * *****
rice, $3.15. Outline of the Principles of History.
Chesterfield’s Letters. (Grundriss der Historik.) By GUSTAv DRoysEN, late Pro-
Abridged by Edwin GINN from Edition of Charles Sayle. fessor of History in the University of Berlin. With bio-
With Life, by M. F. WHEAton, 12mo, xviii. plus 116 graphical sketch of the author. Translated by E. BENJA-
pages. Price, boards, 30 cents; cloth, 40 cents. MIN ANDREws, President of Brown, University. 12mo,
Hume’s Treatise of Morals: And Selections from cloth, xxxv, plus 122 pages. Price, $1.10.
the Treatise of the Passions. Leigh Hunt’s Answer to the Question,
With an Introduction by JAMEs H. Hyslop, Ph.D., Instruc- “What Is Poetry?”
tor in Logic, Ethics, and Psychology, Columbia College, Includin Remarks on Versification. Edited b -
- - - y ALBERT S.
New York. 12mo, cloth, Iv. plus 275 pages. Price, $1.10. ook, Professor of the English Lan e and Literature in
The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote Yale University. 12mo, cloth, vi. plus 98 pages. Price,
of La Mancha. 60 cents.
By Miguel DE CERVANTEs SAAved RA. John ORMSBY's The Legal Code of Aelfred the Great.
translation. Abridged and edited by MABEL F. W.HEATON. Edited, with an Introduction, by MILTON H. TURK, Ph.D.,
12mo, xiv. plus 272 pages. Price, boards, 60 cts; cloth, Professor of English in Hobart College. 8vo, flexible boards,
70 cents. VIII. plus 147 pages. Price, $1.05.
GINN & COMPANY., . . . . . PUBLISHERS.
BOSTON. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. LONDON.
NOW READY. GEO. H. ELLIS, Publisher, Boston.
NOW READ Y.
The New Bible and Its New Uses.
The Columbus Gallery. By Joseph HENRY CRookER, author of “Jesus Brought
* * * * - - - - * * -
The Discoverer of the New World as represented É. ºblem. in American Society,” etc. 286 pages.
in Portraits, Monuments, Statues Medals, Paint- Multitudes of º: to-day, both outside and inside the churches,
- - - - - - y are aware that the New Criticism, arisen in our age, has revealed a New
ings, etc. Historical description by NESTOR Bible; and what they want to know, and in the simplest, most straight-
- - - forward way, is this: What changes in our attitude toward the Bible
Ponce DE LEON. With an introduction by Ex- are involv ; and * new and wº ": of it are made possible and
- - nece by these discoveries? r. Crooker's present work -
Chief Justice CHARLEs P. DALY. Handsomely ...r.º. present work suc
bound in cloth, fully illustrated, $3.00. Phillips Brooks in Boston.
Five Years' Editorial Estimates. By M. C. AYREs, Editor
of the Boston “Daily Advertiser.” With an Introduction
3. Rev. W. J. Tucker, D.D., President of Dartmouth
o
The Caravels of Columbus. llege. 120 pages. Cloth, 50 cents.
“One of the most valuable of monographs upon the late Bishop
Compiled from original documents by NESTOR Philip. *.....'...'....."...".
- - ing and appreciative work along religious, ethical, and literary lines as
Ponce DE LEON. Illustrated with plans and en- #. of sº Ayres in the “Advertiser.” 'The publisher .#. well
grav in gs 50 cents to gather these five years' estimates.”—Journal of Education.
3. -
FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
The Spiritual Life.
- - - - - Studies of Devotion and Worship. 200 pages. Cloth, $1.00.
Technological Dictionary. I. The Spiritual Life of the Early Church, by Howard N. Brown;
- - - - - - -- II. The Spirit of German Mysticism, by Lewis G. Wilson; III. Span-
English-Spanish and Spanish-English. By NESTOR ish Mysticism and St. Theresa of Avila, by Francis Tiffany; IV. º:
Ponce DE LEON First vol English-Spanish Spiritual Life of the Modern Church, by Charles F. Dole; V. The De-
--- •: º
second edition, half morocco, $8.50. Second
Spiritual Life in Some of its American Phases, by George W. Cooke.
Uplifts of Heart and Will.
Religious Aspirations in Prose and Verse. By JAMEs. H.
| WEst, author of “The Complete Life,” etc. Second thou-
sand, with additions. 106 pages. Cloth, 50 cents.
“Free from the mechanism of ritual or liturgy, and yet saturated
throughout with the devoutness of one who feels both the mystery of
the world and the glory of the revelation that shines through its
clouds.”— Christian §.
votional Literature of England, by Francis B. Hornbrooke; VI. The
vol., Spanish-English, half morocco, $7.50.
FOR SALE BY
N. PONCE de LEON, 4o Broadway, New York.


166
THE DIAL [Sept. 16
TO CALIFORNIA AND BACK
‘By the Santa Fe Route.
The most attractive cAmerican
tour. A new descriptive book, with the above title, con-
taining over 150 pages and as many pen-and-ink Illus-
trations, sent free, on receipt of four cents in postage, by
JNO. J. BYRNE,
701 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO, ILL.
MEISTERSCHAFT SUPERSEDED
BY ITS OWN AUTHOR,
DR. RICHARD S. ROSENTHAL.
Dr. Rosenthal's name has become a household word
wherever foreign languages are studied. A new work,
THE ROSENTHAL METHOD OF
PRACTICAL LINGUISTRY,
has just been issued by him, which does not only super-
sede his former system, published twenty years ago, but
will be found superior to any method. It is the ma-
ture outcome of twenty-five years’ experience of the
greatest linguist and foremost teacher of the age, en-
abling anyone to learn to
SPEAR FLUENTLY AND CORRECTLY,
with scarcely an effort and without a teacher,
GERMAN, FRENCH, OR SPANISII,
within a marvellously short time.
“Next to living in a foreign country, this is undoubtedly
the best of all methods for i. modern languages.”-
The Nation.
Exact pronunciation given. All subscribers become
actual pupils of Dr. Rosenthal, who answers all ques-
tions and corrects all exercises free of charge.
of membership, $5.00 for each language.
language, 50 cts.
Polyglot Book Company,
34 Lafayette Building, Chicago, Ill.
Terms
Part I., each
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY.,
Monon Building, 324 Dearborn St., Chicago, ILL.
An Examination of Weismannism. By GEORGE
John RoxtANEs, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. 236 pages, $1.00.
A thorough analysis and criticism, by one of the most eminent ºnd
best-known of English biologists, of W.A. theories of heredity
and evolution, which are brought into comparison with those advanced
by Darwin and Galton.
The Primer of Philosophy.
240 pages, $1.00.
A clear and systematic treatment of the fundamental notions and
principles of philosophy, from the standpoint of the most recent scient.
and yet in the light of the philosophical speculations of ancient, medi-
aeval, and modern times. Careful definitions are given of all the philo-
sophical terms of current value, and in the discussion of axioms full
use is made of recent mathematical investigations into the nature of
space, etc. The unique value of the book is derived from the fact that
it is the first popular compendium of monistic positivism that has ever
appeared.
The Science of Mechanics. A Critical and Historical
Exposition of Its Principles. By Dr. ERNst MACh, Pººr
fessor of Physics in the University of Prague, Austria-
Translated from the second German Edition by Thomas
J. McCormack. 1 vol., half mor, gilt top, 538 pages, *
illustrations and cuts, $2.50.
The aim of this work is to exhibit the evolution of mechanical scien":
and to present its principles from the point of view of the theº of
knowledge, freeing it from all metaphysicism. In the original it has
attracted, by the simplicity, clearness, and profundity of its views, the
attention of thinkers in all parts of the world.
The Religion of Science Library. Bi-monthly. $1.”
per year, 75 cents for six " '' 4, 25. * - umbers.
I. July. The Rºl;.
II. Sent
of
By PAUL CARus, Ph.D.


1893.] THE DLAL
--
NEW BOOKS FOR READERS AND L sººfs
- - ---> - ---
The classic Myths in English Literritºre- - *-T- - * = -
Based ehiefly as Belfireh's rare ºf Fº == * * = Jº — = = . º = == -
by an Interpretative = Tºrsº *== - - - = - = - == - * - - -
by CHARH's Mills Gariri. Prºfessºr ºf the Earis - = - --- - -
and Literature is the U-siº-iā- -
º Pre- $º sº. ºu - * = The ºr - -
Principles of Educatiºn- I- 1- i. ==== == ==
By Malcox MacVicas Ph.D- LL.D. Einº an ºr == - - - - - -
plus 178 pages. Price. Tº tears. - - - -
Excavations of the *:::: Schººl ºf Aºts .* —fºr uni === = =: e º
at the Heraion Arrºs. ººz- - * = ==== - - -
By CHARLEs WALIsrººs, LT-D-F-I-L-E.---- --- F== - - - - -
of the American Sekº ºf * == ==== > ---
No. 1. Quarto, Paper. Itingrºghar Pliºs º jius+ = - - tº- - -
Price, $3.15. s - === +--- *** * *
Abri by Erºs Grº = EEsm ºf Chee sº- i = − = z = ′ = a - - - -
With Life, by M. F. W=arºs -- ITIL == == s == -- - - -
pages. Priee, boards sº teams: ºri-º-º: === = * = - -
Hume's Treatise of Morals: Ami Seºectºrs irim - ~ || - - - -
the Treatise of the Pressiºs- L========
W. H.º.º.º. - - - - - -
tor in Logie. ies and Psºthºr--Cºuntila Cºller imr is T- - - -
Sºy: 1=a, tººth. Tº-jinsiº Paris F-tº-il. I- == F = - -
The Ingenious Gentleman Dºn Quinner -- - - - - - - - -
of La Manchi- -
By MiGUEL DE CEevaxIEs Sa-Ti-a- ºr ºre The -- - - - - =.
translation. Abridged-dºº-ºº: Massif. WHºus fºr - - - - - - - - *-
12mo, xiv. -- Fºres P== i = − = *- *==== i = - - - -
70 cents. T-I- - - - - -
GINN 4 COMPANT_ _ _ *TH…-HE-
BºsTox. TTT T- --- --
NOW PEALI. *BA E. E. EAE- ºr-isºr º-ºº:
- * - rn
The -e- - - - - -- -
The Columbus Gallery. is ºs- Bºrº - - - - - f
The Diseoverer of the New Wººd as ==Premier == ------ - - -
in Portraits. Monume=Satues Meiº-Pºnt- =-º- - - - - - - .
- - - - cloth,
º “... His sº ºn is x = E−
Pºcº De Lºos. With ==vºurism is E. == ==--- JAMEs.
- - - -
º: sº P. Dair. Emām = - - - - - - -
in cloth, -astrated sº
- - - - - -
* - ie-a- - - - LAs Wiggin.
-
- - º
The Caravels of Columbºs. * ----- EELER.
-
Compiled from ºriginal daeme ºr - - - volume.
ºr lºs -- *-* ---- -
Posen DELEºx. Inºwłºgº- EF- ITE SERIES.
gravings, 50 tents. --- - - 1g. By CHARLEs DUD-
* HUTTON.
1. A Comedy. By BRANDER
no, cloth, 50 cents each.
for sale by all Booksellers, or will be
ºoth ERB, postage prepaid, to any part
“s, Canada, or Mexico, on receipt of price.
Logue will be sent to any address on receipt
S, New York.


168 THE DIAL
[Sept. 16, 1893.
FORDS, HOWARD, & HULBERT.
The PILGRIM in OLD ENGLAND. TOURGEE'S SOUTHERN STORIES
By AMoRY H. BRADFord, D.D. A Review of the His- of Chaotic Times, 5 vols, 31.50 each.
tory, Present Condition, and Outlook of the Indepen- A word painting of the spirit of our age.
worth Lectures for 1892 at Andover Theological Sem- WILLIAM O. STODDARD.
inary. Crown 8vo, 362 pp., extra cloth, gilt top, $2.00. . Abraham Lincoln,” $2.00. “The Volcano Under the
ºf. : i. early º: ‘...; . "...p." and *:
attons ugh the ages, a special account of the origin and growth o
body of Nonconformist Churches there, this book is of marked histor- GEORGE CAR Y EGGLES TON
ical and contemporary interest. and ‘DOLORES 5AMARBOURG.
life at Washington, depicted with rugged power.
and GOSPEL HARMONY. Cloth, $1.25; paper, 50 cents.
Jesus Christ blended into a complete and continuous - - -
narrative in the words of the Gospels; interleaved “Southern California,” and Sporting Books.
According to the American Revised Version of 1881. J- -
Full indexes, references, etc. New edition. Seventh Twenty-two volumes.
dent (Congregational) Churches in England. South- “ Murvale Eastman: Christian Socialist.” Cloth, $1.50.
With an introductory lecture on “Life and Form,” a view of the City » (Four days' mob-rule in New York), $1.00.
the Independents in England, and a careful discussion of the great
The IN TERM/OVEN GOSPELS “Juggernaut.” The ambitions, intrigues, and intense
By REv. WILLIAM PITTENGER. The four Histories of THHEODORE S. VAN ‘DYKE.
with pages showing the method of the Harmony. H. W. "BEECHER'S WORKS.
Thousand. 12mo, cloth, red edges, with five maps, Prof. J. H. PATTON.
$1.00. “Four Hundred Years of American History.” Intro-
“Well done, and will be welcome aid in the study of the New Testa- - - -> r:
ment.”— Examiner, New York. y duction by Dr. John Lord. 2 vols., $5.00.
“You have wisely chosen the Revised Version, with the American WILLIAM CULLEN ‘BR YANT.
Readings incorporated in the text. For consecutive reading by either
old or young, and for general and popular use, I rd your work as “A - - - ** $5.:
the best now before the public.” – G. W. CLARK, º author of “An A Library § Poetry and Song. Cloth, No.; half
English Harmony of the Gospels.” mor., gilt, $7.50; full mor, gilt, $10.00.
FORDS, HOWARD, & HULBERT, No. 47 EAST TENTH STREET, NEw York.
BOWSER'S SERIES OF BURR'S LIBRARY INDEX.
MATH EMATICAL TEXT BOOKS For INDEXING SUBJECTs, To AID THE STUDENT, scholar,
- CLER --------
An Elementary Treatise on Analytic Geometry. GYMAN, LAWYER, PHYSICIAN, EDITOR, AUTHOR,
TEACHER, AND ALL LOVERS OF BOOKS.
Embracing Plane Geometry and an Introduction to Geometry of
Three Dimensions. -
Seventeenth revised edition, lºmº cloth, 319 pages. 1893. All Words, and Names are indexed by the first Two letters, with
Price, $1.75. nearly 400 divisions of the Alphabet printed in Thumbholes cut in
An Elementary Treatise on the Differential and the edges ºf the leaves. -
Integral Calculus, with Numerous Examples. Opened instantly at any combinatiºn by the use of one hand
Thirteenth revised edition, 12mo, cloth, 400 pages; An index to information for immediate or future use.
price $2.25.
An Elementary Treatise on Analytic Mechanics,
Write for Descriptive Circulars and Price. (Mention The DIAL).
with Numerous Examples. THE BURR INDEX COMPANY,
Sixth edition, 12mo, cloth, 511 pages; price $3.00. Sole M
An Elementary Treatise on Hydromechanics, - Sole Manufacturers, Hartford, Conn.
ith N s E les. -
nº º: ºº:: $2.50. P E R F E CT F R E E D O M -
The Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry. -
- - - - 2 h. 393 : price $1.40. - ----
Second edition, 12mo, cloth, pages; price $ Bishop Phillips Brooks.
Academic Algebra. The B - -
Second edition, 12mo, 350 pages; price $1.25. Sc e ‘Beauty of a Life of Service.
- k is designed Text Book for Common and High Schools -
Th"...º.º. .."i. tº: Šid: . entering Colleges Thought and *Action1.
and Scientific Schools. The Duty of the Christian Business Man.
College Algebra.
Second edition, 12mo, 550 pages; price $1.75.
True Liberty.
This work is designed as a Text Book for Academies, Colleges and The Christ in whom Christians Believe.
Scientific Schools. It begins at the beginning of the subject, and -
the full º º earlier parts º."". that •Abraham Lincoln.
dents who use it s have previously stu a nore eiernen- -- - r
tº. se p y With an etched Portrait by W. H. W. BickNELL.
D. VAN NOSTRAND CO., Publishers, 1 vol., 16mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.00.
23 Murray and 27 Warren Sts., New York.
•,• Copies sent free by mail on receipt of price. Chas. E. Brown & Co., 53 State St., Boston.
The DIAL Press, chicago.


THE
DIAL
JA SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
£iterary Criticism, Jiscussion, amb Šmformation.
| Volume XV.
No. 175.
EDITED BY
FRANCIS F. BROWNE.
CHICAGO, OCT. 1, 1893.
10 cts, a copy. OFFICE: 24 ADAMs St.
82. a year. Stevens Building.
Harper's Magazine
FOR OCTOBER.
From the Black Sea to the Persian Gulf
by Caravan.
I. From Trebizond to Tabreez. By Edwin Lord WEEKs.
With 13 Illustrations by the author.
“Manifest Destiny.”
By CARLSCHURz.
Lispenard’s Meadows.
lºy Thomas A. JANvieR. With 11 Illustrations by W. A.
Rogers.
Our National Game-Bird.
By CHARLEs D. LANIER. With 6 Illustrations by
A. B. Frost.
Undergraduate Life at Oxford.
By Richard HARDING DAvis. With 5 Illustrations by
W. HATHERELL.
The Handsome Humes.
By WILLIAM BLAck. Part W.
A French Town in Summer.
By Elizabeth Robins PENNELL. With 21 Illustrations by
Joseph PENNELL.
The Childhood of Jesus.
By HENRY van DYKE. With 4 Illustrations.
A Pirate in Petticoats.
A Story. By FRANCIs DANA.
Riders of Syria.
By Colonel T. A. DoDGE, U.S. A. With 6 Illustrations.
Horace Chase.
A Novel. By CoNSTANCE FENIMoRE Woolson. Part X.
(Conclusion).
On Witchcraft Superstition in Norfolk.
By CHARLEs RoPER.
Poems:
Death, who art thou? By ANNIE FIELDs.-Secrets. By NINA
F. LAYARD.—The Anchored Dories. By MARY THACHER
HIGGINson.
Editorial Departments.
A Novel. Illustrated.
Subscription Price, $4.00 a Year.
Booksellers and Postmasters usually receive Subscriptions.
Subscriptions sent direct to the publishers should be accompanied
by Post-office Money Order or Draft. When no time is speci-
fied, Subscriptions will begin with the current number. Postage
free to all subscribers in the United States, Canada, and Merico.
Published by HARPER &
Harper & Brothers'
NEW BOOKS.
Letters of James Russell Lowell. Edited by CHARLEs
ELIOT Norton. With Portraits. 2 vols. 8vo, cloth, uncut
edges and gilt tops, $8.00. (Nearly ready.)
The Prince of India; Or, Why Constantinople Fell. By
LEw. WALLACE, Author of “Ben-Hur,” etc. 2 vols. 16mo,
cloth, ornamental, $2.50; half leather, $4.00; three-quar-
ter leather, $5.00; three-quarter calf, $6.00; three-quar-
ter crushed levant, $8.00. (In a Bor.)
Our Great West. By JULIAN RALPH, Author of “On
Canada's Frontier,” etc. Illustrated. 8vo, cloth, orna-
mental, $2.50.
The Cliff-Dwellers.
Illustrated by T. DE THULSTRUP.
mental, $1.50.
The Two Salomes. A Novel. By MARIA Louise Pool,
Author of “Dally,” etc. Post 8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25.
The Wheel of Time. Including the Three Stories entitled
The Wheel of Time, Collaboration, and Owen Wingrave. By
HENRY JAMEs. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00.
The Work of John Ruskin: Its Influence upon Modern
Thought and Life. By CHARLEs WALDstEIN. With Por-
trait. 16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00. (“Harper's Amer-
ican Essayists.”)
Nowadays, and Other Stories. By GeoRGE A. H1B-
BARD, Author of “Iduna,” etc. Illustrated. 16mo, cloth,
ornamental, $1.25.
Essays in London and Elsewhere. By HENRY JAMEs.
Post 8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25.
THE DISTAFF SERIES.
Two New Volumes:
The Kindergarten. Edited by KATE Douglas Wiggin.
Household Art. Edited by CANDACE WHEELER.
16mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.00 a volume.
HARPER'S BLACK AND WHITE SERIES.
Latest Issues:
The Work of Washington Irving. By CHARLEs DCD-
LEY WARNER.
Edwin Booth. By LAURENCE HUTToN.
The Decision of the Court. A Comedy. By BRANDER
MATTHEws.
Illustrated. 32mo, cloth, 50 cents each.
A Novel. By HENRY B. FULLER.
Post 8vo, cloth, orna-
The above works are for sale by all Booksellers, or will be
sent by HARPER & BROTHERs, postage prepaid, to any part
of the United States, Canada, or Merico, on receipt of price.
HARPER's CATALOGUE will be sent to any address on receipt
of Ten Cents.
BROTHERS, New York.


170
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Macmillan and Co/s New Books.
Just Published. A New Book by Professor GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L.
THE UNITED STATES-A Political History: 1492=1871.
By GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L. 12mo, $2.00.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
Bay Leaves. A Trip to England.
A collection of Translations from the Latin Poets, ltimo, $1.25 I New, Revised Edition. 18mo, 75 cents.
A New Edition, Revised Throughout, with Numerous IUustratio)is.
SHAKESPEARE'S ENGLAND.
By William Winter, author of "Shadows of the Stage," etc. With numerous full-page and vignette
illustrations, and a new photogravure portrait of the author by Arthur Jule Goodman. 12mo. full
gilt, ornamental cover, $2.00.
Just Published. Vol. II. Price, $1.50.
THE DIARY OF SAMUEL PEPYS, F.R.S.
With Lord Bbatbbooke's Notes. Edited, with Additions,
by Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. Vol. II., $1.50. Vol.1.,
already published, $1.50.
*•* Also, a Large-paper Limited Edition, $5.00. This edi-
tion sold only in sets.
THE RESISTANCE OF SHIPS AND
SCREW PROPULSION.
By D. W. Taylor, of the United States Navy Yard at Mare
Island, Cal. 8vo, with illustrations, 6 tables, $3.75.
AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON THEO-
RETICAL MECHANICS.
Pari I., KIN EM A TICS.
By Prof. Alexander Ziwbt, of the University of Michigan.
8vo, with diagrams, $2.25.
Just Published. Svo, cloth, $5.00.
A TREATISE ON THE THEORY OF
FUNCTIONS.
By James Harkness, M.A., Associate Professor of Mathe-
matics in Bryn Mawr College, late Scholar of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and Frank Morley, M.A., Professor of
Pure Mathematics in Haverford College, late Scholar of
King's College, Cambridge. Svo, $5.00.
Just Published. Period VII. Price, $1.40.
EUROPE: 1789-1815.
By H. Mobse Stephens, M.A. Period VII. 12mo, $1.40.
A MANUAL OF TELEPHONY.
By William Henry Preece, F.R.S., and Arthur J.
Stubbs. 12mo, cloth, $4.50.
Just Published. In similar style to the Issues of the Novels of
Jane Austen and the Brontes.
THE NOVELS OF HENRY FIELDING.
Edited, with an Introductory Memoir, by George Saints-
buby, and portrait and illustrations by Herbert Radlton
and E. J. Wheeler. To be completed in 12 16mo vols.
Xow Ready:
Vols. 1 and 2, JOSEPH ANDREWS. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Vols. M, TOM JONES. 4 vols., $1.00 each.
%*Also, a Large-paper, Limited Edition, on hand-made paper, at
$3.00 per volume.
Uniform with the 10-volume Edition of Jane Austen's Works.
THE NOVELS AND POEMS OF
CHARLOTTE, EMILY, and ANNE BRONTE.
In 12 liinio volumes. With portrait and 36 illustrations in
photogravure, after drawings by H. S. Greig. $1.00 each.
Now Ready:
Vol*. 1 and 2, JANE EYRE. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Vol*. 3 and 4, SHIRLEY. 2 vols., $1.00 each.
Vols. 5 and 6, VILLETTE. 2 vol*.
Vol. 7, POEMS.
Vol. 8, THE PROFESSOR.
Vols. 9 and 10, WUTHERINO HEIGHTS and AGNES. 2 vols.,
$1.00 each.
*,* Also, a Large-paper Limited Edition on hand-made paper, at $3.00
per volume.
'Mr.
A New Novel by F. Marion Crawford.
PIETRO GHISLERI.
By F. Marion Crawford, author of "Saracinesca,
Isaacs," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
"The story has power, is highly dramatic In parts, and the threads of
the plot are held firmly in the hands of a master."—Phtia. Telegraph.
New editions of F. Marion Crawford's Novels in uni-
form binding. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 each.
A ROMAN SINGER. TO LEEWARD.
PAUL PATOFF. AN AMERICAN POLITICIAN.
*,* Messrs. Macmillan j> Co. have removed to their new premises at GO Fifth Avenue.
MACMILLAN & CO., Publishers, .... No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


1893.]
171
THE DIAL
OUR AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS.
By TWO OF THE "LITTLE WOMEN."
COMIC TRAGEDIES. Written by "Jo" and "Meg,"
and acted by the "Little Women." With a Foreword by
"Meg." Portraits of "Jo " and " Meg," and a view of the
home in whioh they lived. Uniform with " Little Women."
Kimo, cloth, 81.50.
By HELEN JACKSON.
COMPLETE POEMS. New Edition. With Portrait.
12mo, cloth, 81.50; white and gold, .?] .7.">.
By THOMAS W. HIGGINSON and MARY T. HIGGINSON.
SUCH AS THEY ARE. Poems. Illustrated by E. M.
Garrett. Small 4to, cloth. {In press.)
By HONORE DE BALZAC.
THE VILLAQE RECTOR. Translated by Katherine
P. Wokmklf.y. 12mo, half russia, 81.50.
The twenty-sixth of onr series of translations.
By EMILY DICKINSON.
COMPLETE POEMS. Edited by T. W. Hiqginson and
Mabel Loomis Todd. First and second series in one vol-
ume. 12mo, cloth, gilt, $2.00.
By EDWARD E. HALE.
FOR FIFTY YEARS. Verses written on occasion in the
course of the nineteenth century. Kimo, cloth, 81.00.
A collection of Mr. Hale's verses written on various occa-
sions during the last half-century.
HELPFUL WORDS. From the writings of Edward E.
Hale. Selected by Maht B. Merrill. Illustrated by
Frank T. Merrill. Square 16mo, cloth, $1.00.
By AGNES BLAKE POOR.
BROTHERS AND STRANGERS. A Novel. 16mo,
cloth, 81.00.
A story of life in Boston and Western New York.
By GERTRUDE HALL.
ALLEGRETTO. A volume of Poems. By the author of
"Far from To-day." Illustrated by Oliver Herford.
Small 4to, cloth, i In press.)
By HELEN CAMPBELL.
THE EASIEST WAY IN HOUSEKEEPING AND
COOKING. Adapted to Domestic Use or Study in Classes.
A new revised edition. Kimo, 81.00.
WOMEN WAGE-EARNERS. Their Past; Their Pres-
ent; Their Future. 16mo, cloth, 81.50.
By HORACE PARKER CHANDLER.
THE LOVER'S YEAR-BOOK OF POETRY. Mar-
ried-Life and Child-Life. A collection of Love-Poems for
every day in the year. Vol. I., January to June, Kimo,
cloth, 81-25; white and gold, 81.50. Vol. II., July to De-
cember, cloth, SI .25; white and gold, 81.50.
By A. MARYF. ROBINSON (Madame Darmesteter).
RETROSPECT, and Other Poems. By the author of
"An Italian Garden," "Life of Emily Bronte," etc. With
frontispiece. 12mo, $1.00.
By W. B. YEATS.
COUNTESS KATHLEEN. A Dramatic Poem and Vari-
ous Legends and Lyrics. Frontispiece by J. T. Nettle-
ship. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
By SUSAN COOLIDGE.
THE BARBERRY BUSH, and Seven other Stories about
Girls for Girls. Illustrated by Jessie McDermott. Uni-
form with " What Katy Did," etc. Kimo, cloth, 81.25.
By MISS A. G. PLYMPTON.
ROBIN'S RECRUIT. By the author of " Dear Daughter
Dorothy," "Betty, a Butterfly," "Little Sister of Wili-
fred." Illustrated by the author. Square 12mo, cloth,
8i.oo.
By EDITH EMERSON FORBES.
THE CHILDREN'S YEAR-BOOK. Selections for
Every Day in the Year. Kimo, cloth. (In press.)
Columbian Knowledge Series.
Edited by Professor Todd, of Amherst College. A series
of monographs. Each complete in itself. Scientific, but un-
technical, and illustrated freely when appropriate. Kimo
volumes, uniform cloth, 81.00 each.
Novo in Press:
STARS AND TELESCOPES. By David P. Todd, M.A.,
Ph.D., Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Amherst
Observatory. Being the Seventh London Edition of " Ce-
lestial Motions," by W.T. Lynn, F.R.A.S., with extensive
additions and fully illustrated.
TOTAL ECLIPSES OF THE SUN. By Mrs. Mabel
Loomis Todd.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN AMERICA. By W. I. Fletcher.
Jn Preparation for Early Issue:
ASIATIC CHOLERA AND ITS PREVENTION.
AERIAL LOCOMOTION.
OUR COAL AND HOW TO CONSERVE IT.
The Renaissance ^Bindings.
We issue this season a line of our most popular books,
bound in full crushed turkey morocco, of dainty colors, dec-
orated in a style which is a revival of various old English ar-
tistic bindings of some seventy or eighty years ago. The
books are beautifully hand-finished with solid gold edges.
POEMS BY HELEN JACKSON (H. H. I. With portrait.
12mo, 84.00.
POEMS BY EMILY DICKINSON. Both series in one
volume. 12mo, $4.00.
POEMS BY SUSAN COOLIDGE. "Verses" and "A
Few More Verses." In one volume. Kimo, 83.00.
BULWER-LYTTON'S DRAMAS AND POEMS. With
portrait. 16mo, $3.00.
WIT AND WISDOM OF GEORGE ELIOT. With a bio-
graphical memoir. Kimo, $3.00.
THE DAY'S MESSAGE. Chosen by Susan Coolidoe.
16mo, 83.00.
DAILY STRENGTH FOR DAILY NEEDS. "As thy
days, so shall thy strength be." Selected by Mart W.
Tileston. 16mo, 83.00.
QUIET HOURS. Selected by Mart W. Tileston. 16mo,
83.00.
SUNSHINE IN THE SOUL. Selected by Mart W. Tile-
ston. 16rao, $3.00.
TENDER AND TRUE. Poems of Love selected by Mart
W. Tileston. 16mo, $3.00.
Our Complete Catalogue mailed free on application. Any book on the list will be sent on receipt of price.
ROBERTS BROTHERS, Publishers, Boston.


172
[Oct. 1, 1893.
THE DIAL
D. Appleton & Co.'s New Books.
General Johnston.
By Robert M. Hughes. A new volume in the Great Com-
manders Series, edited by Gen. James Grant Wilson.
With Portrait and Maps. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.50.
The active and varied career of General Joseph £. John-
ston, the conspicuous part which he took in the civil war, the
differences of opinion between Jefferson Davis and himself,
and their effect upon the fortunes of the Confederacy, render
the story of his life one of engrossing interest and great his-
torical importance. The author has had access to unpublished
documents and other sources of fresh information which im-
part to his work a distinctive quality and a special and per-
manent value.
The (Hided Man.
(El Dorado),
And other Pictures of the Spanish Occnpancy of America.
By A. F. Bandelier. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
The author here describes the adventures and romantic epi-
sodes attendant upon the early Spanish explorations of our
Southwest. The scene of the story which gives its title to the
volume is laid in Venezuela, and the legend of El Dorado is
for the first time told accurately in popular form. With this
exception the tales relate to our own country. They include
the stories of the mysterious "Seven Cities of Cibola," " El
Quivira," and others of equal dramatic interest and historical
value.
Factors in American Civilization.
Studies in Applied Sociology. A Series of Fourteen Pop-
ular Lectures and Discussions before the Brooklyn Ethical
Association. With Index. 12mo, cloth, $2.00.
This is uniform with the two previous volumes of the series,
entitled respectively "Evolution in Science and Art" and
"Man and the State." The lectures are by well-known
writers and speakers, the range of topics embracing all the
more important sociological questions of the time.
Speeches and Addresses of William
McKinley.
From his Election to Congress to the Present Time. Com-
piled by Joseph P. Smith, Librarian of the Ohio State
Library. With Portraits on Steel of the Author and Others.
8vo, 650 pages, cloth, $2.00.
These selections, sixty-five in number, embrace a wide range
of topics of absorbing public interest, and inclnde twenty-five
speeches devoted to the tariff question in all its aspects; and
others on silver, Federal elections, pensions and the public
debt, civil-service reform, the Treasury surplus and the pur-
chase of bonds, the direct tax bill, etc.
The orator whose views are thus presented is the best au-
thority of his party on most of the matters considered. An
elaborate analytical Index gives the volume an encyclopedic
character, which will be especially appreciated at the present
time by the student of whatever political faith.
The Life of Sir Richard P. Burton.
By his Wife, Isabel Burton. With numerous Portraits,
Illustrations, and Maps, and 2 colored Plates. In 2 vols.,
8vo, cloth, $12.00.
11 Few men of our time have led a more romantic and adventurous
life than the late Sir Richard F. Burton. A consummate linguist and
intrepid traveller, without a rival in his varied knowledge of men, race*,
and religions, the hero of innumerable adventures, and of more than
one almost impossible undertaking, Burton stands forth in these hum-
drum days as a rare and almost unique personality. No one is so well
qualified to do justice to his strange and eventful career as his devoted
wife, the sharer and interpreter of his inmost thoughts, his associate in
not a few of his singular experiences. . . . The book presents a strik-
ing and faithful portrait of a very remarkable man and a stirring record
of a very romantic career."— London Timet.
"The volumes abound in interest of every sort, and they constitute
an almost perfect course of modern geography and travel for those
children of a larger growth who will insist on having their knowledge
of this kiud in an entertaining form."— London Douy News.
Personal Recollections of Werner von
Siemens.
Translated by W. C. Coupland. 8vo, cloth.
In two very different fields — the application of heat and
the application of electricity — Herr von Siemens gained pre-
eminent distinction by his rare combination of scientific in-
sight and power of practical utilization of his knowledge. In
this day of electrical progress the autobiography of this great
electrician will possess a pertinent and exceptional interest.
Camp-Fires of a Naturalist.
From the Field Notes of Lewis Lindsay Dyche, A.M.,
M.S., Professor of Zoology and Curator of Birds and Mam-
mals in the Kansas State University. The Story of Four-
teen Expeditions after North American Mammals. By
Clarence E. Edwords. With numerous Illustrations.
12mo, cloth, $1.50.
"It is not always that a professor of zoology is so enthusiastic a sports-
man as Prof. Dyche. His hunting exploits are as varied as those of
Gordon Cumming, for example, in South Africa. His grixzly bear is as
dangerous as the lion, and his mountain sheep and goats more difficult
to stalk and shoot than any creatures of the torrid rone. Evidently he
came by his tastes as a hunter from lifelong experience."—Sew York
Tribune.
"This book has no dull pages, and Is often excitingly interesting, and
fully Instructive as to the habits, haunts, and nature of wild beasts."—
Chicago Inter-Ocean.
On the Old Frontier.
By William O. Stoddard, author of " Crowded Out o' Cro-
field," "Little Smoke," "The Battle of New York," etc.
Illustrated by H. D. Murphy. Good Books for Young
Readers Series. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
In this thrilling story Mr. Stoddard is at his best. He de-
scribes the vicissitudes of the settlers in western New York,
which was the frontier of the last century, the homely yet
adventurous existence at Plum Hollow Fort, the plottings of
the Iroquois, their assemblage in the great Council House,
and their final desperate raid. A boy is the hero of the book,
and every American boy and girl should read it for its his-
torical value as well as for its romantic interest.
Louisa Muhlbach's Historical Novels.
New edition, 18 vols. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, per vol.,$1.00.
In offering to the public our new and illustrated 12mo edi-
tion of Louisa Miihlbach's celebrated historical romances we
wish to call attention to the continued and increasing popu-
larity of these books for over thirty years. These romances
are as well known in England and America as in the author's
native country, Germany, and it has been the unanimous ver-
dict that no other romances reproduce so vividly the spirit and
social life of the times which are described. In the vividness
of style, abundance of dramatic incidents, and the distinct-
ness of the characters portrayed, these books offer exceptional
entertainment, while at the same time they familiarize the
reader with the events and personages of great historical
epochs.
For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the Publishers.
D. APPLETON & CO., Nos. 1, h & 5 Bond Street, New York.


THE DIAL
a SempfHonthlg Journal of iUtcrarg Criticism, ©iacusgion, ano information.
THE DIAL {founded in 1880) is published on the lit and 16th of
each month. Terms or Subscription, S2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. Remittances should be by check, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Special Rates to Clubs and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and Sample Copy on receipt of 10 cents. Advebtisino Rates furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, No. 24 Adams Street, Chicago.
No. 175. OCTOBER 1, 1893. Vol. XV.
THE LITERARY WEST.
Contents.
THE LITERARY WEST 173
ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL STUDIES AT
CHICAGO. J. J. Baltey 174
LITERARY TRIBUTES TO THE WORLD'S FAIR 175
By Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Charles Dudley
Warner. George W. Cable, Henry B. Fuller, Hjal-
mar H. Boyesen, Harriet Monroe (Sonnet), William
P. Trent (Sonnet), Paul Bourget, Walter Besant,
Richard Watson Gilder (Poem).
COMMUNICATIONS 179
Daily Papers and their Readers: A Suggestion.
J. H. Croaker.
"None but They," etc. F. H.
AMERICAN HISTORY FROM AN ENGLISH
STANDPOINT. E.O.J. 181
PROBLEMS OF RAILWAY FINANCE. A. C. Miller 185
A LIFE WORTH LIVING. William Morton Payne . 189
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 193
Edmund Gosse's new volume of critical essays.—The
art of landscape gardening.—Classic myths in English
literature. — A Technological Spanish-English Dic-
tionary.—An excellent book on the Formation of the
Union. — An account of Froebel's life and work. —
Essays and papers of interest to teachers.—Narrative
of a North American naturalist. — An American
house-hunter in Europe.
BRIEFER MENTION 195
NEW YORK TOPICS. Arthur Stedman 196
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY .... 197
Whittier's Love of Home.—Organization among Lit-
erary Workers. — According to Standpoint. — The
Gospel according to St. Peter.—Hymn of the Harvest.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 199
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 199
Mr. Lowell's famous essay "On a Certain
Condescension in Foreigners" is in need of a
supplement. "A Certain Condescension in
Easterners " is a theme that calls for treatment
in similar vein; but the pen rusts that alone
could have dealt with it adequately, that alone
could have bestowed upon it the measure and
quality of genial satire that it deserves. For
many years past the attitude of Eastern writers
towards literary activity in the West has been
similar to that once assumed by Boston towards
New York, and by England towards the United
States. It has been an attitude of condescen-
sion, of patronizing counsel, of mild surprise
that a region so far removed from the centre of
the intellectual system should venture to have
such things as literary aspirations.
"But you are so very far away," was the
naive remark recently made to a gathering of
American scholars by a foreign guest who was
trying to be complimentary, but who could not
refrain from coupling surprise with admira-
tion. Most Eastern explorers who brave the
passes of the Alleghany Mountains, and find
their way to the intellectual frontier settle-
ments of the Mississippi Valley, return to their
homes with a tale from which the element of
wonder is rarely missing. Every now and then
some weekly paper or monthly magazine of the
Atlantic Coast devotes an article to Western
literature, and, whatever the aspect it selects
for treatment or the writers it singles out for
fame, the accent of encouragement is always
marked.
This display of provincialism is amusing
enough to all but the few who live in the in-
tellectual corners whence it originates; but it
has one feature which has not been given the
prominence that it deserves. As far as con-
descension goes, with its patronizing implica-
tions, the classical essay already mentioned may
possibly be thought to cover the ground, for,
mutatis mutandis, its criticism is applicable to
New England narrowness as well as to Old
England insularity. But the phase of the mat-
ter which seems to call for particular com-
ment, and upon which Lowell hardly touched,
is that illustrated by the kind of literary pro-
duction which, in both cases, attracts the atten-


174
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
tion of the elder community to the work of the
younger. Americans are not a little diverted
when they notice the sort of thing upon which
European critics of our literature are wont to
seize as typical of our intellectual activity.
"Your countrymen," says Richard Grant White,
in the character of Mansfield Humphreys, speak-
ing to his English fellow-traveller, "even the
intelligent and kindly-intentioned, are so stung
with a craze after something peculiarly Amer-
ican from America that they refuse to accept
anything as American that is not extravagant
and grotesque. Even in literature they accept
as American only that which is as strange and
really as foreign to the tastes and habits of the
most thoroughbred Americans as it is to them."
To this propensity of the European we must
in large measure attribute the astonishing trans-
atlantic vogue of Poe and Whitman and Mr.
Harte. Excellent writers all three, and cer-
tainly among the foremost that this country
has produced; yet it is to their accidental char-
acteristics, rather than to their display of the
qualities common to all good literature, that
they in great part owe their reputation abroad.
To quote once more from the writer above
mentioned, the foreign critic is constantly put-
ting to our literature such a question as this:
"Where is that effluence of the new-born in-
dividual soul that should emanate from a fresh
and independent democracy, the possessors of
a continent, with a Niagara and a Mississippi
between two vast oceans?" And the foreign
critic, finding this "effluence of the new-born
individual soul" to emanate very perceptibly
from such a writer as Whitman, seizes upon
him as a typically American product. To the
sane student, of course, these characteristics of
Whitman that so impress the foreigner are
the husks of his genius; they are in themselves
intolerable, but we put up with them because
of the fitful flashes of imaginative style that
find their way through these uncouth wrap-
pings. But the foreigner takes the envelope
for the substance; while for the American lit-
erature that is merely good, according to the
accepted and immutable standards of literary
workmanship, he has but scant recognition.
This peculiar attitude of the foreign critic
towards American writers is closely paralleled
by the attitude of the East towards the West;
and this brings us to tbe special subject of our
remarks. When an Eastern writer undertakes
to discuss the literary activity of the West, he
almost invariably falls into the error of the
foreign critic, and singles out as noteworthy
and typical the writers whose work evinces some
sort of eccentricity. It may be badly written,
it may be grotesque, it may be vulgar—it fre-
quently has all three of these characteristics,—
but it is original, it is piquant, it satisfies the
unholy yearning for the new thing. Some com-
poser of dialect doggerel, cheaply pathetic or
sentimental, gains the ear of the public; his
work has nothing more than novelty to rec-
ommend it, but the advent of a new poet is her-
alded, and we are told by Eastern critics that
the literary West has at last found a voice.
Some strong-lunged but untrained product of
the prairies recounts the monotonous routine
of life on the farm or in the country town, and
is straightway hailed as the apostle of the new-
est and consequently the best realism. Some
professional buffoon strikes a new note of bad
taste in the columns of the local newspaper, and
the admiring East holds him up as the exem-
plar of the coming humor. Some public lec-
turer, sure of the adulation of his little coterie
of followers, estimates or interprets the litera-
ture of the world in accordance with whatever
vagaries occupy his unregulated fancy, and the
surprising announcement is made that a great
creative critic has arisen in our midst. Skilled
in the arts of self-advertisement, these men are
quick to enlarge the foothold thus gained; their
reputations grow like snowballs: they come to
take themselves as seriously as they are taken
by others; and the people of real culture and
refinement, whose numbers are so rapidly in-
creasing in the West, have to endure the hu-
miliation of being represented, in the minds of
a large proportion of their fellow-countrymen,
by men who are neither cultured nor refined.
In the meanwhile, hundreds of men and women
throughout the West are engaged in producing
literary work too excellent to be obtrusive,
work that conforms to the recognized standards
of all serious writing, work that scorns to be
effective at the cost of style and moderation and
good taste. But if the average Eastern reader
be asked who, in his mind, are the represent-
ative writers of the West, he will name persons
indignantly repudiated, for the most part, by
Western readers of intelligence and discrim-
ination. The selection will doubtless be made
in good faith, and the fault will not be his ; it
will be the fault of the newspapers that have
supplied him with the information, of the care-
less critics who make it a matter of faith that
whatever is Western must needs be wild. A
heavy responsibility rest with these critics both
for the part they play in giving notoriety to


1893.]
175
THE DIAL
scribblers who offend against art, and for their
persistent failure to recognize the really praise-
worthy work done by Western writers.
We do not claim that this work is as yet
very great in amount, or that much of it de-
serves very high praise; but we do claim that
it is respectable both in quality and quantity,
and that both of these facts are to a consider-
able extent ignored by Eastern writers. We
expect that the West will make a large con-
tribution to American literature during the
coming ten or twenty years; and, if ever sane
criticism is needed, it is at such a time. But
the criticism we get tends to discourage honest
workmanship and to encourage what is extrav-
agant and meretricious. Above all, it is time
to have done with the notion, forced upon us
with wearisome iteration by certain writers,
both Eastern and Western, that the West is
now developing, or ever will develope, a distinct-
ive literature of its own. The West and the
East are peopled by the same sort of men and
women, and their work, when it deserves the
name of literature at all, has, and will have, the
characteristics common to all good writing in
the English language. The distinction between
East and West will never be other than an ar-
tificial one; even now, many of the best writ-
ers of either section came to it from the other.
If the national centre of literary activity fol-
lows the Westward path of the centre of pop-
ulation, as seems probable, it will carry with it
the accepted literary tradition, before which all
crude local growths of tradition will be forced
to give way. The coming literature of the
West may be largely Western in its themes,
but it will never be Western in its manner, as
certain blatant rhetoricians would persuade us.
Except in their relation to choice of subject-
matter, the terms Eastern and Western, North-
ern and Southern, have absolutely no literary
meaning in a country all of whose parts have a
common speech. The same standards apply to
all the literature written in the English lan-
guage, whether produced in England or Austra-
lia, in Canada or the United States. Still more
closely do they apply to the literature produced
in different sections of our country, and it is
an unfortunate application of local patriotism,
whether Eastern or Western, that seeks to cre-
ate a distinction where none should exist, or
that, in its endeavor to create such a distinc-
tion, ignores the necessary unity of a national
literature, and attaches undue weight to the ac-
cidental qualities of its particular manifesta-
tions.
ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL
STUDIES A T CHICAGO.
The passing year has been for Chicago one of ex-
tremes. Never before has there been in the hands
of her bankers so much money, and never before
has there been so much of suffering among her
thousands of unemployed. Never have her mate-
rial resources been so exploited in the eyes of the
world, and never has her intellectual and moral life
been so stirred and stimulated, as in the past few-
months. For nearly half a year she has been play-
ing the host to a series of Congresses devoted to
wellnigh every field of thought which contributes
its ideals to the culture of the race; and she has
found leisure at the same time to entertain a vast
array of conventions, conferences, and annual meet-
ings of literary, scientific, and industrial associa-
tions. During a large part of September the atten-
tion of the public was rightly concentered on the
sessions of the Congress of Religions,—perhaps the
most remarkable gatherings of the whole series.
But while the local press gave its pages copiously
to the chronicle of this Congress, it almost ignored
the presence, at the same time, of two bodies whose
sessions in Chicago mark an important stage in our
intellectual growth.
The International Statistical Association held dur-
ing the second week of September its fifth biennial
session, in the halls of the University of Chicago,
in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Amer-
ican Economic Association. The session of the for-
mer was fraught with the greatest interest, many
very notable papers being read. The proceedings of
the Economic Association were concentrated into
one rich day, when papers were read by Gen. Fran-
cis A. Walker, and Professors Hadley, Patten,
Clark, and Taussig. The speakers were all mas-
ters in their fields, and the small audiences were
composed of experts and workers. With no par-
ticular notice from the outside world, these meet-
ings were conducted with an earnestness of purpose
and of attention which made their sessions a valua-
ble contribution to the advancement of social science,
stimulating and invigorating that kind of research
which is conducted quietly in a corner, and which
is known generally in its results rather than in its
agents, to whom the obtainment of truth is a suffi-
cient quid pro quo.
The combined meetings brought Chicago a spe-
cial double honor for the first time. During the
seven years of its existence, the Economic Associa-
tion has seemed to find in the western boundary of
the thirteen original States a Rubicon beyond whose
charmed frontier it could not pass. At last the As-
sociation has gone forth to possess the continent;
and Chicago is seized as the key to the situation.
The International Association takes its first flight
over sea, and is introduced to America by Chicago.
Both departures are significant. At the banquet
which the International Association enjoyed at the


176
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
hands of its entertainers—the Statistical and Econ-
omic Associations of America—among the honored
guests at the head of the table sat Chicago's three
college presidents,— educators, all of them, by a
life-work of training, and all of them recognized as
investigators and original scholars. In their affilia-
tion with the leading economists of America and
the most prominent statisticians of many lands was
made manifest Chicago's place in the forefront
of the newer education, where scientific research
and liberal training go hand in hand. By its visit
to America, the International Association recog-
nizes the statistical work of a land where Col. Car-
roll D. Wright stands the acknowledged peer of
any statistician living, and where a school of younger
statisticians is growing up around governmental and
collegiate centres as brilliant as it is exact. By its
visit to Chicago, the Economic Association focuses
its attention on the home of the youngest of our
economic publications —" The Journal of Political
Economy," which at a single stride has taken a
place beside the Harvard "Quarterly Journal of
Economics " and "The Economic Journal" of the
British Association. Nowhere on this continent can
economic problems be studied to better advantage
than in the city which probably already ranks first
in population, and where varied nationality as well
as numbers present some of the most perplexing
aspects of social turmoil. Nowhere better can the
statistical expert find the raw material of his com-
binations than in this largest centre of the food sup-
plies of the world. In every variety of produc-
tion, in every phase of distribution, in every agency
of exchange, this city is a huge laboratory of econ-
omic phenomena, furnishing experiments ready made
to the hand of the observer. Here, whence twenty-
five lines of railway radiate, and where two hun-
dred and fifty miles of street tramways intermesh,
the railroad problem is best surveyed. No other
city furnishes larger scope for the student of muni-
cipal economics. Nowhere is the evil that a Toyn-
bee Hall or a Hull House seeks to face more ap-
parent. The World's Columbian Exposition, un-
doubtedly, brought us the Statistical and Economic
Associations in its train; but the Exposition has
helped to reveal to a large portion of humanity
what the London " Times " called a greater exhibit
than " the White City "— Chicago itself. And this
thronging of the millions at our doors has put them
in the way to see that not only has Chicago the stu-
pendous material resources which have made the
Exposition an educational success, but that she is
also awakening to a higher life, of which her uni-
versities, her libraries, her Art Institute, her learned
societies, are but the earnest. It has forced them
to recognize the magnitude of our industrial life, and
it will undoubtedly lead the thinkers and workers
among them to turn their gaze more frequently
upon our great laboratory of social science, where
not a few of the leading investigators of the coun-
try are already at work. J0HX J. Halsey.
Lake Forest University.
LITERARY TRIBUTES TO
WORLD'S FAIR.
THE
No person of prominence in the literary world
has, we believe, been rash enough to attempt a de-
scription of the Columbian Exposition. The special
correspondents have, of course, portrayed it in a
variety of aspects and in gorgeous newspaper style;
and occasionally a venturesome poet has taken a
shy at it in a sonnet or a quatrain. Bat to de-
scribe it as a whole, to realize the full vision of the
White City in words and fix them in literature, is
a task too formidable for any near beholder, whose
brain is overwhelmed and bewildered by its own
impressions. As Professor Lounsbury, of Yale,
aptly expresses it: "I could no more describe the
impression made upon me by the Exposition than
I could pick up one of the buildings and carry it
off on my shoulders. It was simply a journey into
Fairyland; and I know of no one that ever lived
who made a trip of that kind and brought back any
adequate account of what he had seen — with the
exception of Shakespeare." Yet there is always a
special value in the word of an eye-witness, and
first impressions are significant, however imperfect
their expression. The Dial has lately interested
itself in collecting from a number of the prominent
literary people who have visited the Fair some brief
comments on or characterizations of it. such as
might serve to show, in some measure, the impres-
sion which the Fair as a spectacle makes on the lit-
erary mind. In these fragmentary but often felic-
itous expressions, which are given below, there will
be found much that is of interest. The reserve
shown by these practised writers befits the vastness
of the theme; they prudently refrain from attempt-
ing to exhaust either the subject or themselves.
Possibly some less experienced and more enthus-
iastic writers may find a hint here worth the noting.
The best writers do not " gush," or depend over-
much on adjectives, even when writing of a Colum-
bian Exposition.
MARY HARTWELL CATHERWOOD.
Mrs. Catherwood's contribution so admirably re-
flects what is doubtless the dominant impression
made by the Exposition upon imaginative minds —
the impression of magical and bewildering beauty,
tinged with sadness at its transitoriness — that we
gladly place it at the head of the collection.
"The more I see of the Fair the more I want to see
of it. I long to wake up there and get its aspects in
the early morning; and to haunt it when the lights are
turned off after midnight. It is not like any other
country I have ever seen. As soon as you become a
day-inhabitant of the White World, you are emancipated
from the troubles of earth. It has a strange effect. I
am all the time conscious _ of deep pity for any human
being who loses the sight of it. One of its strangest
influences is stripping you of the sense of locality. I can
find my way anywhere on the crust of the globe; but in
the Fair I give it up. Geography may go by the board.
I take with thankfulness the place which comes nearest
to me, and my head whirls, and the Plaisance moves


1893.]
177
THE DIAL
from Bide to side in its usual game of hide and seek.
"So fascinating is the environment there that I never
expect to learn anything from the exhibits: there is no
time. Some day I shall mourn lost opportunities. But
mortals cannot do everything. And one can expand his
knowledge and take a world-bath in Jackson Park now
by merely sitting still and watching the nations pass by.
"One question 1 dare not face: What shall we do
when this Wonderland is closed ? — when it disappears
— when the enchantment comes to an end."
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.
Mr. Warner's.word is for use rather than beauty
-— rather, perhaps, for the usefulness of beauty.
"I think that those who were most familiar with the
finest architectural effects abroad were most astonished
at the aesthetic side of our World's Fair. It was wholly
unexpected. But the impression upon the great public
of the United States of this incomparable vision of
beauty is more important. The sight of it has changed
the world, has changed the aspect and the estimate of
life, for tens of thousands of home-keeping people. It
has introduced into practical lives the element of beauty,
and opened a new world of enjoyment. The extent of
this transformation grows upon me, since I visited the
Fair, in conversation with others, and in letters I have
seen from all parts of the Union, which speak of what
the spectacle at Jackson Park has done for the writers.
I do not mean in regard to the competing exhibits —
those have their separate educating influence,— but to
the quickening of the imagination, and the enlargement
of the appreciation of beauty. It is no criticism upon
the people of the United States, absorbed in material
development, to say that they needed just such an up-
lift. If it cannot be called a spiritual influence, it is an
.-esthetic impulse that leads away from materialism."
GEORGE W. CABLE.
Mr. Cable, too, finds in the Fair a great and per-
manent educating influence, well worth its cost.
"I consider that notwithstanding any supposable
money loss to those who have invested their funds in
the Fair, it is nevertheless one of the best investments
the city of Chicago has ever made. It has lifted her status
in the national estimation and declared her the first of
American cities. The higher values of the Exposition
it would be pleasaut to predict, but they must be left
for time to prove. I believe time will show them to be
vast. The educative and stimulative effect to hun-
dreds and thousands of the people of our nation will be
incalculable. As a single instance, I think we may look
with confidence for a great salutary effect upon the pub-
lic architecture of our country."
HENRY B. FULLER.
Mr. Fuller's thought is also of the great good the
Fair will do Chicago.
"Chicago, having been in the world for some fifty or
sixty years, is now finally of it. Instead of merely be-
ing connected by rail, water, and wire with the various
great centres of the world, it is on the point of becom-
ing a great centre itself — not merely commercial, but
financial, social, political, artistic, educational. The
West is leaving the provincial standpoint which, not
long ago, was that taken by the country generally: the
idea that we are big enough and strong enough and suc-
cessful enough to live our own detached life according
to our own isolated standard. Some few remnants of
this narrow notion still linger: the bumptious Western
objection to making over our ministers at foreign courts
into ambassadors, and the monstrous far-western belief
that we may maintain a monetary standard of our own
that contravenes the general understanding of Christen-
dom. The Fair, in fine, has brought the world to us,
and sent us out into the world, and given us a chance
to " heft" it, and to find our place in it, and to estab-
lish intelligent and intelligible relations with it. The
30th of October, 1893, will be Chicago's graduation
day. And the World's Columbian Exposition will be
found to be no mere 'business college,' qualifying us
narrowly for a narrow life and its narrow purposes, but
a real and broad university — one to advance us in the
arts, the sciences, the amenities, the humanities."
HJALMAR H. BOYE8EN.
Prof. Boyesen sees in the external features of the
Fair the realization of some glorious dream.
"The Fair is the completest and most magnificent
resume of the world's work and thought that ever has
been gathered in one place. In its external aspect it is
a vision of delight unrivalled on this side of Fairyland.
To describe the beauty of the electric illumination at
night is beyond the capacity of any language. It is as
if some bold spirit had dreamed a glorious dream which
by enchantment had petrified into reality."
HARRIET MONROE.
Miss Monroe, whose "Columbian Ode" was the
literary feature of the opening, of the Exposition,
has given a later impression, happily condensed
into a sonnet.
"I saw a water-lily rise one morn.
White, wondrous, and above the level blue
Unveil her virgin petals to the dew
And fill her heart with sunlight. She was born
Of royal race, to reign and to adorn.
O'er the wide world the joyous tidings flew.
And all the nations came with treasures new
To praise her loveliness, and weep forlorn.
For from the host went forth a mighty sigh
That ere the falling of a summer sun
The dream must pass, the splendor fade away.
Yet knew I well her beauty could not die.
When she hath gone her power is but begun:
Death sends the soul to God's eternal day."
WILLIAM P. TRENT.
Another felicitous sonnet comes from Prof. W.
P. Trent, of Sewanee College. "It was written,"
says the author, " one sleepless night at my hotel in
Chicago, after a day at the Exposition. It is at
least an unfeigned and spontaneous tribute to what
I believe to be the most beautiful thing in all the
world—a thing that we call 'The White City,' but
for which no name is fitting or sufficient."
"Where once the red deer, chased by wily foes,
Sought the broad bosom of the peaceful lake,
Behold a noble city bloom and break
Into a flower of beauty! It arose
As though from some enchanter's wand, and glows
With supernatural splendor. Angels take
Shy glimpses from the sunset clouds that make
The only rivals that it fears or knows.
0 fair dream-city of the fruitful West —
Fair as the splendid visions that appeared
To Prospero's companions, and confest
To be as frail,—thou yet shalt live ensphered
In every grateful memory that hath blest
The minds that planned thee and the hands that reared."


178
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
PAUL BOURGET.
M. Paul Bourget, the French novelist, gives a few
unstudied observations.
"The Fair is like Chicago. ... I have only the
feneral first conception of a vast wilderness of beauty,
ast, big—more than any description could carry. It
is wholly unlike the Paris Exposition. The two could
hardly be compared. There are no common points of
similarity; they are not of the same kind. This is the
more wonderful by far—greater in expectation and re-
alization, but American, typically so. That such a great
city of white beauty should have beeu reared from level
areas of wooded waste is a miracle. . . . The effect
of the water—the artificial waterways, I mean—is sur-
passingly beautiful. But I am attempting to speak of
what lias struck me dumb with wonderment."
WALTER BESANT.
From Mr. Besant's '• First Impressions of the
Fair," as printed in "The Cosmopolitan" maga-
zine, we make the following characteristic extracts:
"When the visitor happens to be a literary man, one
who is in the habit of writing and speaking of things
offered to the public, he wanders about the courts and
galleries of the Exposition oppressed, far more than the
inarticulate person, by the vastness of the subject. To
such a man the great truth that he cannot say anything
adequate and that he need not try, falls upon his spirit,
when it is once grasped, like a cool shower on a hot af-
ternoon. It lends a new and quite peculiar charm to
the show. . . .
"The bigness of the World's Fair first strikes and
bewilders—one tries in vain to understand it—-and then
it saddens. I observe that most people, like Xerxes,
set down their tears to the evanescent nature of the
show. . . . Then again, the Poetry of the thing! Did
the conception spring from one brain, like the Iliad?
Were these buildings—every one, to the unprofessional
eye, a miracle of beauty, — thus arranged so as to pro-
duce this marvellous effect of beauty by one master
brain, or by many? For never before, in any age, in
any country, has there been so wonderful an arrange-
ment of lovely buildings as at Chicago in the present
year of grace. . . . Those English travellers who have
written of Chicago dwell upon its vast wealth, its cease-
less activity, its enormous blocks of houses and offices,
upon everything that is in Chicago except that side of
it which is revealed in the World's Fair. Yes, it is a
very busy place; its wealth is boundless; but it has been
able to conceive somehow, and has carried into execu-
tion somehow, the greatest and most poetical dream
that we have ever seen. Call it no more the White
City on the Lake; it is Dreamland. Apollo and the
Muses, with the tinkling of their lyres, drown the bells
of the train and the trolley; the people dream epics;
Art and Music and Poetry belong to Chicago; the hub
of the universe is transferred from Boston to Chicago;
this place must surely become, in the immediate future,
the centre of a nobler world — the world of Art and
Letters."
RICHARD WATSON GILDER.
To the foregoing brief but expressive tributes we
are very glad to add Mr. R. W. Gilder's beautiful
poem written for the October " Century " and printed
here from an advance copy kindly furnished by him.
It is an eloquent expression of the feelings awakened
in contemplation of the early disappearance of the
Exposition, and is called ''The Vanishing City."
"Enraptured memory, and all ye powers of being-.
To new life waken! Stamp the vision clear
On the soul's inmost substance. 0 let seeing
Be more than seeing; let the entranced ear
Take deep these surging sounds, inweaved with light
Of unimagiDed radiance; let the intense
Illumined loveliness that thrills the night
Strike in the human heart gome deeper sense!
So shall these domes that meet heaven's curved blue.
And yon long, white imperial colonnade,
And many-columned peristyle endue
The mind with beauty that shall never fade:
Though all too soon to dark oblivion wending,—
Reared in one happy hour to know as swift an ending.
"Thou shalt of all the cities of the world
Famed for their grandeur, ever more endure
Imperishably and all alone impearled
In the world's living thought, the one most sure
Of love undying and of endless praise
For beauty only,— chief of all thy kind;
Immortal, even because of thy brief days;
Thou cloud-built, fairy city of the mind!
Here man doth pluck from the full tree of life
The latest, lordliest flower of earthly art;
This doth he breathe, while resting from his strife.
This presses he against his weary heart,
Then, wakening from his dream within a dream,
He flings the faded flower on Time's down-rushing stream.
"0 never as here in the eternal years
Hath burst to bloom man's free and soaring spirit,
Joyous, untrammelled, all untouched by tears
And the dark weight of woe it doth inherit.
Never so swift the mind's imaginings
Caught sculptured form, and color. Never before —
Save where the soul beats unembodied wings
'Gainst viewless skies — was such enchanted shore
Jewelled with ivory palaces like these:
By day a miracle, a dream by night;
Yet real as beauty is, and as the seas
Whose waves glance back keen lines of glittering light
When million lamps, and coronets of fire,
And fountains as of flame to the bright stars aspire.
"Glide, magic boat, from out the green lagoon,
'Neath the dark bridge, into this smiting glow
And unthought glory. Even the glistening moon
Hangs in the nearer splendor.— Let not go
The scene, my soul, till ever 't is thine own!
This is Art's citadel and crown. How still
The innumerous multitudes from every zone,
That watch and listen; while each eye doth fill
With joyous tears unwept. Now solemn strains
Of brazen music give the waiting soul
Voice and a sigh,— it other speech disdains,
Here where the visual sense faints to its goal!
Ah, silent multitudes, ye are a part
Of the wise architect's supreme and glorious art!
"0 joy almost too high for saddened mortal!
O ecstasy envisioned! Thou shouldst be
Lasting as thou art. lovely; as immortal
As through all time the matchless thought of thee!
Yet would we miss then the sweet piercing pain
Of thy inconstancy! Could we but banish
This haunting pang, ah, then thou wouldst not reign
One with the golden sunset that doth vanish
Through myriad lingering tints down melting skies;
Nor the pale mystery of the new-world flower
That blooms once only, then forever dies —
Pouring a century's wealth on one dear hour.
Then vanish. City of Dream, and be no more;
Soon shall this fair Earth's self be lost on the unknown shore.


1893.]
179
THE DIAL
COMMUNICA TIONS.
DAILY PAPERS AND THEIR READERS:
A SUGGESTION.
(To the Editor of The Dial. )
I wish to express my great appreciation and earnest
approval of the noble and notable editorials on journal-
ism that have lately appeared in The Dial. The un-
satisfactory character of the average metropolitan news-
paper (there are exceptions that deserve praise and up-
ward tendencies in certain quarters that merit commend-
ation) I think is more widely felt and more keenly re-
gretted than is often supposed. It has become very
largely a mere mechanical contrivance for the gather-
ing of comparatively unimportant items, which are de-
scribed with tiresome verbosity: trivial personalities
spun into sensational columns, the barbarities of crim-
inals magnified and thrown upon a canvas which would
do for the records of the day of judgment, numberless
incidents of the sporting world made into a vast pile of
news out of all proportion to their general interest or
real importance, the idle gossip and inane doings of
brainless men and heartless women forced daily upon
our attention as a part of the world's history worthy
our remembrance. Skip what is trivial, morbid, and
unwholesome, and how little is left; look for an ade-
quate report of the heroism and progress of mankind,
and how seldom it is found. The "blanket sheet" is
often called the mirror of the world; but how false the
statement! Trivial things are there made to look like
affairs of immense magnitude, while what is there re-
flected very largely belongs to the seamy and unseemly
side of human life that may well be kept in silence and
darkness.
What I wish, however, is not so much to bring an
accusation as to bear my testimony and make a sugges-
tion. I do not believe that even business considerations
warrant the policy which so largely controls the man-
agement of the press in this respect. The people want
the news and all the news, we are told. And this fact
is used to justify the filling of column after column
with the longest possible accounts of the worst and
least important happenings of the day. Probably this
policy pleases some, and increases sales to a certain ex-
tent. But I believe that a large majority of people
want a different and a better paper—a paper that would
crowd these matters into small space or drop them alto-
gether and give more news of a wholesome and instruct-
ive character. I believe that this class, at present
silent in dissent and protest, is larger than the business
manager calculates, and that to conduct a newspaper
with more consideration of its wishes would be a sound
financial policy.
But what shall we do about it? Have an endowed
press that shall be a philanthropic enterprise, maintain-
ing a high standard in spite of the business tide against
it 1 Perhaps; but I dislike to see such a confession of
the weakness of righteousness. Besides, I do not think
this the permanent or the necessary solution of the
problem. Public sentiment is powerful, and newspa-
pers are run to make money. Remembering these two
facts, those of us who want a nobler journalism must try
in every way to make our demands felt and obeyed. If
the people at present dissatisfied with the press as it is
(they are a great multitude) will but make their wants
clearly understood and forcibly felt, the press will re-
spond. Let every man who desires something better
put the pressure of his opinion upon editor and mana-
ger, and improvement will begin at once. The people
can usually have what they want if tbey ask for it. It
will not do to disapprove but keep silent, and by buy-
ing the paper make the management think that we are
satisfied. Let every man who reads these words sit
down and write out his protest and send it into the edi-
torial room. Let him get ten neighbors to do the same,
each under promise that he will secure ten others who
will roll on the multiple of ten. Before many days,
editor and manager would be putting their heads to-
gether in grave consultation, and soon reporters would
be sent out to hunt for news in new and higher realms.
It would be seen that business policy demands a more
wholesome journalism. We can have something better,
but we must make the demand felt in order to get it.
I am confident of two things: (1) A vast number of
people want a different and a nobler newspaper. They
now buy in silence what they do not like, while they run
their eyes with disgust over pages which they would be
glad not to see. (2) If these people will make their
demand in a systematic and forcible manner, it will
make an impression and work a revolution. This will
put the force of gravity on our side, and business en-
terprise will find its way very quickly in our direction.
There is nothing like divine discontent: a gruff voice,
but of powerful eloquence! If need be, we must or-
ganize and agitate in order to make business managers
of the press feel that there is profit in paying attention
to the wishes of those who demand a clean, instructive,
and wholesome newspaper, in which the quality and
proportion of news shall bear some relation to the needs
and decencies of human life. j_ jj_ CrOOKER
Helena, Mont., Sept. 19. 189S.
"NONE BUT THEY," ETC.
(To the Editor of Thk Dial.)
I reply to Mr. R. O. Williams's letter in your issue
of August 1:
Laudor, in "The Last Fruit Off an Old Tree," dog-
matizes as follows:
"'Antique' is the worst portion of Gray's heritage. . . .
In honest truth, we neither have, nor had then, a better and
[read or] purer writer than he [read him], although he lived
in the time of the purest and best, Goldsmith, Sterne, Field-
ing, and Inchbald."
With reference to this, I venture in my "Modern
English" to query: "But is Gray's English, from the
ordinary point of view, altogether faultless?" And
then I specify words and phrases from Gray, among
which are " none but they " and " nobody but /." These
expressions, in the opinion of Mr. Williams, are "very
good English, as good English as there is."
Compendiously, old authors may, I know, be quoted,
without number, for "none but they "and the like; and,
in recent times, these archaisms have been indulged in
by poets, as a license of their craft, or else for the sake
of quaintness, from a love of which, if not from a re-
ductive reminiscence of Biblical phraseology, they have
also now and then found favor with prose writers of
the same period. Lord Macaulay has, to be sure, the
verse, "Which none but he can wield"; but has he
allowed himself a similar construction anywhere in his
essays, history, or letters?
Dr. Latham, in his edition of Johnson's Dictionary,
adducing, in connection with the point under discussion,
"we are all ready but he " and "we are all ready but


180
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
him," says that, " in writing, the nominative is the com-
moner." In proof of this assertion, he gives, however,
only one quotation, and that is from Cowper's " John
Gilpin," " who but he?"
Dr. Murray, in illustration of what he considers to
be modern usage, proposes, in the " New English Dic-
tionary ": "Is there anyone in the house but she? (or but
her ?) Who could have done it but he ? (or but him ?)"
Where Dr. Murray hesitates, Dr. William Smith and
Mr. Theophilus D. Hall, in their popular English Gram-
mar, distinctly disapprove.
Parenthetically, I am aware of the speculation that,
in Shakespeare's "who hath any cause to mourn but
wet" aa in like cases, possibly, " but is used as a passive
participle with nominative absolute." So the Rev. Dr.
E. A. Abbott, in his Shakespearian grammar (ed. 1871),
p. 81.
Mr. C. P. Mason, in his English Grammar (ed. 1881),
has, in a foot-note to p. 124:
"' Ne nis na god but en he' =' there is no God but he [is God].'
This shows that but may be followed by a nominative case,
provided the ellipse can be filled up so as to allow of its oc-
currence in the complete sentence. 'Nobody knows it bat he'
«■ ' Nobody knows it but he [knows it].' It is equally correct
to say 'Nobody knows it but him; only but is then a preposi-
tion, and but him forms a limiting adjunct to nobody."
"Nobody knows it but he [knows it]," without punc-
tuation, as transcribed, is unmeaning. Nor does the
interposition of a semicolon after "it" mend matters;
for how can he know it, if nobody knows it? Who can
say that sophistry may not next equate "I saw nobody
but him " with "I saw nobody but [I saw] him," and
attempt to do away altogether with but as a prep-
osition? To argue as Mr. Mason does is to no prac-
tical purpose. Neither analogy nor ancient prescrip-
tion, but only the concensus of good modern writers,
could legitimate but he for our ordinary service. This,
also, merely in passing.
The fact is, that but he, but she, but we, and but they,
preceded by anyone, everyone, nobody, none, all, etc., are
not, in our time, conspicuously common. The case stand-
ing thus," we are all ready but he " and " we are all ready
but him" being propounded for option, "it is probable,"
according to Dr. Latham, "that few persons could tell,
without reflection, which of the two he [read they] would
give." Nevertheless, most persons would, I surmise,
involuntarily choose, rather than "nobody was there but
/," "nobody was there but me"; though, much more
frequently, they would, in a like connection, use except
me, or besides me, instead of but me. Contrast, too,
"anybody but she would consent" with "no one was to
blame but me," in Thackeray's "Esmond," ch. xiv.
Accordingly, I doubt whether "none but they " and
"nobody but /," which, in the diction of prose, were,
already in Gray's age, dropping out of literary cur-
rency, are, for us, "altogether faultless." Mr. Wil-
liams has by no means proved that, for everyday em-
ployment, they are "as good English as there is." Let
versifiers avail themselves of them, if they please, still
I am disposed to think that such locutions should be
avoided by others. Not a few long-established modes
of speech, as "whom do men say that I am?" we cer-
tainly do well in cashiering. That things of this kind,
though ever so objectionable, possess an obstinate vital-
ity, is a matter of course. "Between you and /" de-
forms the pages of many an author that has, in the main,
acquitted himself meritoriously. And here, as curiosi-
ties, are two quotations for grammar quite as infirm:
"By the mere Law of Nature, no one is bound by the act
of another except he who is the successor of his property."
(Rev. Dr. W. Whewell, "Grotius " [1853], vol. Ui., p. 41.1
"All metaphysicians, except you, and /, and Boole, con-
sider mathematics as," etc. (Professor A. De Morgan [1857],
in the Rev. R. P. Graves's "Life of Sir W. R. Hamilton,"
vol. Ui., p. 512, [1889.]
On going afresh through the voluminous notes of
which I formerly worked up a part, in criticizing the
language of Cardinal Newman, I discover, in a group
of them which would have suited my purpose, if it had
struck my eye opportunely, two, in particular. I refer
to the passages which Mr. Williams cites, containing,
respectively, "none but she " and "any men but they."
Expressions matching these I have observed in Sheri-
dan, Eliot Warburton, Sir G. W. Dasent, and others.
High as was, and as still is, my esteem for Cardinal
Newman's English, I cannot regard his " none but she"
and "any men but they " as very much better than, for
instance, his" an human," "an hymn," "is dead of a
fever," " another from," " anywhere than," " the hitherto
editions," " has drank," " helpmeet," and "conventical"
for "conventicular."
To oonclude, I would here once more frankly ac-
knowledge that "Modern English," which was published
twenty years ago, is not free from grave defects. It is
a book of which I am not in the least degree proud;
and any genuine exposure of its mistakes I shall always
welcome, as subserving the interests of truth. Mr.
Williams now has my second answer to his reiterated
inquiry, "Has F. H. ever erred?" F H
Marlesford, England, Sept. 4, 189S.
P. S.— As concerns "there is one God, and there is
none other but he," but, when it follows none other, no
other, no one else, etc., is equivalent to than, and is, to
this day, sometimes substituted for it. Other and else,
not their qualificatives, are there constructed with but.
May it not be that some moderns, failing to perceive
this, have given in to no one but he, on the hasty sup-
position of its being on all fours with none other but he t
To the same category as the ungrammatical "I saw
no man but he" belongs the subjoined sentence from
Cardinal Newman:
"Certainly, I am one among a thousand, all of them wrong
but I." (" Discussions," etc., [1872] p. 6.)
If Shakespeare were not an ancient, a parallel to this
would be offered in his " what stays had I but they t"
Even experts occasionally slip with respect to cases
of pronouns, by prescribing them wrongly. Thus, Pro-
fessor Adams S. Hill, quoting, from Burke, "it will be,
by some one abler than me, demonstrated," etc., would
have " than me" replaced by "than /." (" The Principles
of Rhetoric" [1878], p. 46. I have seen no other edition
of this work.) __^^____^_^
The English law of copyright is thus characterized
by a correspondent of the Loudon " Athenieuni": "The
whole law of copyright abounds with the most subtle
distinctions, and all sorts of arguments are capable of
being advanced in every case that arises, and not al-
ways on the merits either, to defeat the opposite party.
No wonder people avoid going to law on a question of
copyright. The expense is usually very great, the wear
and tear past relief, the point in dispute in nine cases
out of ten practically unimportant, and the result so un-
certain that if the few litigants there could be per-
suaded to settle their differences by an appeal to the
first intelligent person they met in the street, they would
show a considerable amount of common sense."


1893.]
181
THE DIAL
Efte Neto Boofcs.
American History from ax English
Standpoint.*
Into a compact octavo of three hundred pages
Professor Goldwin Smith has measurably suc-
ceeded, by dint of a sort of mental tour de
Jbrce, in compressing the pith and rationale of
the political history of the United States from
1492 to 1871. His book is by no means a piece
•of literary joiner-work. It is a spirited, log-
ically coherent narrative, conceived in the phil-
osophical spirit of the historical essay, and
studded throughout with graphic pictures of
leading men and events. Much historical de-
tail is of course omitted; but the extreme suc-
cinctness of the work is, after all, largely due
to the author's mastery of his theme, and to
his ability to condense into an epigram what
he well might have spun out into a page. The
book is not free from minor errors of fact,
—such, for instance, as the crediting of the
■Charter Oak episode to Providence, Rhode
Island,—and the average American reader who
has drawn his ideas from what Mr. Smith terms
panegyrical histories will certainly dissent from
some of its conclusions. But in the main the
work is as sound as it is lucid and animated;
and to the student of our history it will prove
an invaluable aid in securing that grasp of the
whole attainable only through a rapid survey
of essentials. In the preface the author states
that his sketch is intended chiefly for English
readers; for "an American, being familiar
with the main facts and general relations of
parties, would look for details." American
familiarity with the " main facts " is not likely,
we think, to check American curiosity as to
Mr. Smith's version of them; and the book
seems to us, presupposing as it often does a
knowledge of what it omits or merely glances
at, to be better suited to American readers than
to those for whom it is especially " intended."
Of the five chapters into which the contents are
divided, the first treats of the Colonial period,
the second of that of the Revolution, the third
and fourth review the history of the Government
from Washington's presidency to the outbreak
of the Civil War, and the fifth is devoted to
the epoch of " Rupture and Reconstruction."
Of especial interest and force are the por-
traits and characterizations of prominent men,
* The United States: An Outline of Political History,
1492-1871. By Goldwin Smith, D.C.L. New York: Mac-
millan & Co.
from Franklin to Lincoln. It is here perhaps
that the author excels. Washington, Hamil-
ton, Jefferson, Clay, Jackson, Webster, Cal-
houn, and others, are sketched with a bold yet
discriminating hand, and usually with a whole-
some qualification of conventional ideals. The
list is appropriately headed with Benjamin
Franklin—the "destined harbinger of the Rev-
olution," an " offspring of New England Puri-
tanism grown mellow":
"His commercial shrewdness, his practical invent-
iveness, his fundamental integrity, his public spirit, his
passion for improvement, were native to his community
in the phase which it had now reached, no less than were
his ' Poor Richard' philosophy of life and the absence in
him of anything spiritual or romantic. He it was who
in his boyhood had suggested to his father that much
time might be saved by saying grace at once over the
whole barrel of red herrings."
In marked contrast to the thrifty New En
gland sage was Patrick Henry:
"This man had tried various ways of earning a liveli-
hood, and had failed in all. He was bankrupt at twenty-
three, and lounged in thriftless idleness, till he found
that though he could not live by industry, he could
live by his eloquent tongue. . . . Henry's first ex-
ploit as a barrister was a successful defence of the
spoliation of the clergy, an unpopular order, by an ap-
peal to public passion against legal right. Civil dis-
cord brought him at once to the front. ... It is
no wonder that Patrick Henry could so vividly por-
tray to his audience the attitude of a slave. From the
beginning to the end of his life he was a slaveholder,
he bought slaves, he sold slaves, and by his will, with
his cattle, he bequeathed slaves. A eulogist says of
him that he could buy or sell a horse or a negro as well
as anybody. That he was in some degree conscious of
the inconsistency does not alter the fact. Other patriot
orators besides Patrick Henry, when they lavished the
terms slave and slavery in their revolutionary harangues,
might have reflected that they had only to look round
them in order to see what real slaves and slavery were."
Scarcely better than the Boanergic Virginian
phrase-maker fares John Adams, "chief fo-
menter of the revolutionary quarrel in New
England":
"This man had failed in business as a maltster and
as a tax collector, but he succeeded as a political agita-
tor, and has found a shrine in American history as a pa-
triot saint. Though an enthusiast he was not wanting
in the astuteness of the politician. The latest of his
American biographers cannot help surmising that his
puritan cousciencc must have felt a twinge when in the
very time at which he had devoted himself body and
soul to breaking the link that bound America to En-
gland, be was coining for this or that body phrases full
of reverence for the king and rejecting the thought of
independence."
Mr. Smith does not forget, however, to note
subsequently that it was owing to the " honesty
and wisdom of John Adams" that the recogni-
tion of private debts was obtained from the gen-


182
[Oct 1,
THE DIAL
eral government after independence was won.
Ample justice is rendered to the picturesque
figure and character of Andrew Jackson,—
"the Congressman from Tennessee, of gaunt
frame and grim aspect, with elf locks hanging
over his face and his hair tied behind in an
eel skin, and so hot in temper that when he
tried to speak his utterance was choked by pas-
sion":
"Jackson, although he had once been in Congress,
and had vented his jealous spleen on Washington, was
a fighter, with an iron will and great powers of com-
mand, ill educated, destitute of the knowledge and the
habits of a statesman, with an uncontrolled temper, and
almost as much swayed by passion as any Iudian chief,
though, like many an Indian chief, he could bear him-
self with dignity and even with grace. That he had
beaten the British at New Orleans, was his title to the
headship of the nation . . . But a greater force even
than that of military renown was bearing on Andrew
Jackson to the Presidency. Hitherto the Republic had
not been democratic. The common people had been
content with their votes and had left government to an
aristocracy of intellect drawn largely from the bar.
But they desired to govern. They were beginning to
suspect that they were fooled by intellect and to wish
to see one of themselves in power. Andrew Jackson
was one of themselves; he was not only the old hero
but 'Old Hickory,' a plain honest man who would gov-
ern by a good homely rule, sweep away abuses, and see
that no more tricks were played by superior cunning
upon the people. To rule, a multitude must be incar-
nate in a man, and the American multitude was incar-
nate in Andrew Jackson."
Continuing, Mr. Smith says of the inaugura-
tion of Jacksonian rule:
"The seat of government having been stormed by
General Jackson and his train was at once given up to
pillage. ... A ruthless proscription swept the Civil
Service to make places for Jackson's political soldiery.
. . . No merit or record would save you. . . . Those
who could get access to Jackson had a chance of escap-
ing by appeals to his vanity. One official is said to
have saved his head by begging for the old hero's old
pipe. Thus was inaugurated the spoils system, together
with the trade of place-hunting, by a President who
came probably with a sincere desire of clearing govern-
ment from corruption and of making simple honesty the
rule, and of whom it must in justice be said that his
own hands were perfectly clean."
The social orgy that accompanied Jackson's
installation is graphically described:
"After the inauguration came a reception. There
was orange punch by the barrelful, but as the waiters
opened the door a rush was made, the glasses were
broken, the pails of liquor were upset, and the sem-
blance of order could be restored only by carrying tubs
of punch into the garden to draw off the crowd from
the rooms. Men stood in muddy boots on the damask-
covered chairs to get a sight of the President. 'The
reign of King Mob seemed triumphant,' says Judge
Story, who was glad to escape from the scene."
In short, Old Hickory " went in " amid a storm
of disorder almost rivalling that of a heated ses-
sion of the British House of Commons—though
our author does not make the comparison.
William Henry Harrison, the (largely in-
voluntary) hero of the coon-skin, log-cabin,
and hard-cider campaign, a candidate popu-
larly believed to be even more enchantingly
plebeian than Old Hickory himself, is summar-
ily treated:
"But Jackson's success had taught the wire-pullers
the value of availability. . . . An available man they
found, aud a counter-charm in all respects to the 'Old
Hero' and 'Old Hickory,' in 'Old Tippecanoe,' the
name which, most happily for electioneering purposes,
they gave to William Harrison, a worthy old country
gentleman in Ohio, who in a combat at Tippecanoe
gained a victory over the Indians. . . . 'Tippecanoe'va-
cated life and the Presidency a month after his inaugur-
ation."
The midsummer madness of the "hard-cider
campaign" naturally strikes Mr. Smith with
wonder:
"What the Harrisouian frenzy denotes in its relation
to American character it is not easy to say. Had the
American people traversed in half a century the whole
distance between the phlegmatic Englishman and the
wild shouter for Tippecanoe, or was this strange out-
burst of political poetry a recoil from a too prosaic
life?"
Mr. Bryce, we remember, was moved to a sim-
ilar question by the spectacle of some 60,000
ordinarily rational men marching ankle-deep
in the mud to the inspiriug refrain of " Blaine,
Blaine, James G. Blaine," etc.
The author justly devotes much space to
Thomas Jefferson — who "of all American
statesmen," he thinks, "has left the deepest im-
pression on the character of his people":
"Their political ideas and hopes, their notions about
their own destiny and the part which they are to play
in the drama of humanity, have been his. . . . Yet
with all his outward simplicity the Virginian magnate
aud man of letters, though he might be a Republican,
could not in himself be a true embodiment of democ-
racy. He was the friend of the people, but not one of
them. From him to the rough warrior of Tennessee,
the hard-cider drinking pioneer of Ohio, and the rail-
splitter of Illinois, there was still a long road to be
travelled. . . . Jefferson's wand was the pen. Yet he
is strangely apt to fall into mixed metaphors and even
into platitudes. This address [the inaugural] has not
escaped criticism. A constellation goes before the peo-
ple and guides their steps. In the sequel the constel-
lation becomes a creed, a text, a touchstone, and should
the people wander from their 'touchstone' they are
conjured to 'retrace their steps and regain the road.'
In the genius of a man who made so vast an impres-
sion on such a nation we must believe, yet it is some-
times an exercise of faith to believe in the genius of
Jefferson for anything but party management and per-
sonal fascination."
Mr. Smith's estimate of Henry Clay, the


1893.]
183
THE DIAL
anti-British " war-hawk " leader, naturally falls
considerably short of the traditional one:
"Clay was perhaps the first consummate party leader
of the Congressional and platform type. He was a
paragon of the personal fascination now styled magnet-
ism. Magnetic, indeed, his manner and voice must
have been if they could make the speeches that he has
left us pass for the most cogent reasoning and the high-
est eloquence. . . . His power of winning the hearts
of men was unique. When at last he missed his prize
by losing the election for the Presidency his partisans
wept like children; one of them is said to have died of
grief. He was ardently patriotic, after the war-hawk
fashion, but the Presidency was always in his thoughts
and its attraction accounts for the perturbations of his
political orbit. He said that he would rather be right
than be President; but it has been too truly remarked
that even at the moment of that memorable utterance he
was thinking more of being President than of being
right. His policy and sentiments were intensely Amer-
ican, and by the cosmopolitans would now be designated-
as jingo."
The portrait of Washington does not mate-
rially differ from the familiar one—though the
following unpalatable, if too true, passage re-
calls Carlyle's threat to "take George down a
peg or two":
"Washington insisted that his officers should be gen-
tlemen, not men fit to be shoe-blacks. He drew a most
undemocratic distinction between the officer and the pri-
vate soldier. ... He says that the soldier should be
satisfied to serve for his food, clothes, and pay, and com-
plains that he cannot lay on the back of the insubordin-
ate patriot more than one hundred lashes, holding that
five hundred are not too many."
With a view, perhaps, of turning the virtues
of the Father of his Country partly to British
account, Mr. Smith continues:
"Some American writers seem anxious to prove that
Washington's character is essentially different from that
of an English gentleman. About this we need not dis-
pute. The character of an English gentleman is cer-
tainly devoid of any traits that might be derived either
from a plantation or from a war with Indians in the
backwoods. Yet an English gentleman sees in Wash-
ington his ideal as surely as he does not see it in Frank-
lin, Samuel Adams, or Patrick Henry."
Certainly few will deny that Washington had
more in common with Hamilton (the high-bred
statesman who answered a democratic senti-
ment by striking the table and saying, "Your
people, sir, your people is a great beast! ")
than with "Tippecanoe " or "Old Hickory"
—or even with the rail-splitter of Illinois, who
in some respects towers above them all.
Daniel Webster, Mr. Smith thinks, "as an
orator of reason, has no superior if he has an
equal in the English language":
"It is difficult at least to say what political speech
can vie in logical force and impressiveness with his
speech defending the Union in reply to the Southern
separatist Hayne, or what forensic speech excels in the
same qualities his speech for the prosecution in the mur-
der case of White."
After quoting from the former speech Mr.
Smith adds:
"These words thrilled through all American hearts
at the same time, remained engraved on all American
hearts forever. . . . He swayed the opinions of all men;
but he did not, like Clay, win their hearts. He never
was a great party leader, nor was he ever a hopeful can-
didate for the Presidency. It must be added that his
moral strength was not equal to his power of mind. In
regard to the great moral question of slavery, his de-
sire of the Presidency at last overcame his principle."
After briefly depicting the characters of Ben-
ton and Calhoun, Mr. Smith passes on to Ran-
dolph:
"A Virginian of high family, with more than the ar-
rogance of his class, who used to come into the Senate
in his hunting-dress with his hunting whip in his hand,
and behave as if he were in his kennel; a man of nat-
ural ability, without good sense or power of self-control,
firmly attached to no party or even opinion, keen and
reckless in invective, the terror of those at whom his
lean finger was pointed in debate, at last a political
wreck and almost a maniac. Randolph sometimes told
wholesome truths in a pungent way."
It is upon Lincoln that the author bestows
his most unstinted and heart-felt praise:
"Abraham Lincoln is assuredly one of the marvels
of history. No land but America has produced his like.
This destined chief of a nation in its most perilous hour
was the son of a thriftless and wandering settler, bred
in the most sordid poverty. . . . He had a strong and
eminently fair understanding, with great powers of pa-
tient thought which he cultivated by the study of Euclid.
In all his views ttiere was a simplicity which had its
source in the simplicity of his character. . . . Both as
an advocate and as a politician he was ' honest Abe.'
As an advocate he would throw up his brief when he
knew that his case was bad. . . . He said himself that
he had not controlled events, but had been guided by
them. To know how to be guided by events, however, if
it is not imperial genius, is practical wisdom. Lincoln's
goodness of heart, his sense of duty, his unselfishness,
his freedom from vanity, his long-suffering, his simpli-
city, were never disturbed either by power or by opposi-
tion. ... To the charge of levity no man could be less
open. Though he trusted in Providence, care for the
public and sorrow for the public calamities filled his
heart and sat visibly upon his brow. His State papers
are excellent, not only as public documents, but as com-
positions, and are distinguished by their depth of hu-
man feeling and tenderness from those of other states-
men. He spoke always from his own heart to the heart
of the people. His brief funeral oration over the graves
of those who had fallen in the war is one of the gems
of the language."
Of paramount interest to Americans will be
the author's account of the struggle for inde-
pendence and of the causes that lead up to it.
Here Mr. Smith's conflicting sympathies have
made his task a hard one. He has evidently
meant to be impartial; but the American
reader, fed on what Mr. Smith terms the pane-


184
[Oct. 1
THE DIAL
gyrical histories, will certainly lament a ten-
dency throughout this chapter to show the
seamy side of the Colonial coat, to belittle Co-
lonial motives and Colonial successes, and to
explain away British reverses. Mr. Smith
seems to us, we confess, loth to admit that
the colonists were capable of grasping a prin-
ciple fully at first, or of fighting for it steadily
afterwards. He lays perhaps too much stress
upon Colonial "niggardliness and fractious-
ness," and too little upon parliamentary greed.
The specious and familiar plea of the French
War expenses is urged, and the colonists' re-
ply that the war was forced on them and was
in fact largely paid for by them in blood and
treasure, is omitted. Besides, the French War
had nothing to do with the constitutional point
involved. Mr. Smith finally admits, however,
that the tea-tax (a measure insidiously framed
to smuggle in a principle fatal to American
liberties) was resisted, not because it was bur-
densome, but because it was illegally laid. It
seems to us, on the whole, pretty well settled
that the prime cause of the rupture — the vio-
lence of which, only, Mr. Smith laments—was
the sudden awakening of British greed to the
prosperity (and therefore the taxability) of
the once ignored colonies. We need not,
however, multiply arguments that will suggest
themselves to every American reader, but we
shall devote our remaining space to brief cita-
tion from the author's account of the matter.
That the cause of the revolt was not, Mr. Smith
thinks, "general oppression by the mother coun-
try seems clear." But he goes on to say:
"The restrictions upon Colonial trade and manufac-
tures were a cause for the most reasonable discontent.
The restrictions on trade might be excused by the dom-
inant fallacies of a protectionist era and palliated by
the commercial privileges and bounties which the col-
onies enjoyed. Those on manufactures were without
palliation or excuse, imposed solely in the interest of
the manufacturer at home. These grievances, if redress
had been obstinately refused, would have justified re-
volt."
We cannot admit the author's implication that,
in the face of the sinister tea-tax, ministerial
pledges against the re-imposition of specific
duties were a guaranty against the results of a
policy of fiscal extortion plainly entered into
by a parliament which, to quote Mr. Smith,—
"Made itself the legislative organ of a commercial in-
terest, animated by that blind and unscrupulous greed
which has been the bane and disgrace of commerce and
continues to animate the monopolist at the present day."
Touching the measures of repression that
followed the " Boston Tea Party" the author
observes:
"They were passionate, indiscriminate, and insult-
ing; bolts of blind wrath launched across the Atlantic
by men imperfectly informed as to the situation and
ignorant of the character of the people, as transoceanic
rulers must always be."
Passing on to the war itself, Mr. Smith does
not forget to observe that "Never, not even
under Newcastle, did England make a worse
show in the field,"— a plea which reminds us,
we confess, of the familiar excuse of the de-
feated pugilist that he was " out of condition."
"Perhaps in the whole conflict," the author
thinks,—
"The three noblest things are the character of Wash-
ington, the behavior of his army at Valley Forge, and.
the devotion of the better class of loyalists."
Commenting on the severe treatment of the
loyalist class at the close of the war, he sig-
nificantly adds:
"The loyalist exiles peopled Nova Scotia, New Bruns-
wick, and Upper Canada with enemies of the new Re-
public, and if a power hostile to the Republic should
ever be formed under European influence in the north
of the continent, the Americans will owe it to their an-
cestors who refused amnesty to the vanquished in civil
war."
The execution of Andre is commented on
with some severity; and Mr. Smith forgets to
mention here that this deplorable observance
of an unrelenting code was partly a Mosaic re-
prisal for the hanging of Nathan Hale.
The following summary of the Revolutionary
War is one of the few unfortunate instances in
which the author allows his prejudices to in-
fluence, if not, perhaps, his conclusions, at least
his manner of stating them. The passage has
an ungenerous, even a peevish, ring:
"No conflict in history has made more noise thau the
Revolutionary War. It set flowing on every fourth of
July a copious stream of panegyrical rhetoric which has
only just begun to subside. Everything connected with it
has been the object of a fond exaggeration. Skirmishes,
have been magnified into battles and every leader has-
been exalted into a hero. Yet the action, and, with one
grand exception, the actors, were less than heroic, the
ultimate conclusion was foregone, and the victory after
all was due not to native valor but to foreign aid."
We cannot help thinking, however, that "na-
tive valor" had some influence on the result;
and it may be added that "foreign aid" was
not secured until all doubt as to " native valor"
and its chances of ultimate success were set at
rest by the disastrous defeat of Burgoyne at
Stillwater.
Of the author's rather hurried account of
the Civil War, we need only say that it does
full and sometimes eloquent justice to the brav-
ery and the motives of the citizen-soldiery of
both sides. Mr. Smith's view of the conflict is.


1893.]
185
THE DIAL
very different from, for instance, that of Car-
lyle, — who devoted laudatory volumes to the
wars waged by an illiberal and unpatriotic ty-
rant for the possession of what he considered
his patrimony, but who affected to see in this
modern struggle of a great people for national
purity and unity, only the " burning of a dirty
chimney "—a nuisance to be abated by the joint
efforts of the neighbors who were annoyed by
it. Touching the personnel of the armies, Mr.
Smith notes the pregnant fact that " in intelli-
gence no army, except perhaps the Athenian,
can have ever equalled or approached that of
the North."
The volume is, as we have said, of especial
interest to Americans, written, as it is, from
the novel standpoint of a loyal yet liberal En-
glishman who admires our institutions and be-
lieves in our future, yet is zealous to point out
and emphasize our debt to the mother country.
No other book, we think, covers the field with
the same conciseness, epic continuity, and fresh-
ness of view. In the preface the author prom-
ises that should his book prove successful it
may be followed by a companion volume, on
the same scale, dealing with recent history and
current questions. The contingent promise
may be taken as a positive one, for it is a fore-
gone conclusion that the present work will be
widely read. E G j
Problems of Railway Fixance.*
When Bacon congratulated his countrymen
upon being the "least bitten in purse " of any
people in Europe, no one could foresee the ex-
tent to which English capitalists were destined,
three centuries later, to be mulcted to sup-
port the pretentious and sometimes nefarious
schemes of American railroad "promoters."
The migratory habits of English capital pre-
sented the opportunity, and the facile methods
of the modern stock exchange provided the
machinery, through which the process was ac-
complished. Under the pressure of declining
profits at home, a heavy flow of English cap-
ital set toward this country soon after the open-
ing of our first great era of rapid railway ex-
tension in the early fifties. The collapse of
'57 checked, but did not stop, this movement;
and through large parts of the succeeding de-
cades English and other European capital con-
tinued to supply, in no slight degree, the sub-
* American Railroads as Investments. A handbook
for investors in American Railroad Securities. By S. F. Van
Oss. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
stantial basis upon which some of our boldest
railway projects were undertaken. The ill-
timed character of many of these enterprises,
and the destructive methods of management
pursued by so many of our early railway man-
ipulators, destined the expectations of the for-
eign investor to frequent and bitter disappoint-
ment. And when the awakening came, as it
did, once in the seventies, and again in the
eighties, a confident hopefulness which never
had a rational basis was followed by an excess of
timidity which was quite as irrational though
not less natural. A succession of chills was
sent through the European market for Amer-
ican investments, from the last of which recov-
ery is still to come. Few of our railroad se-
curities to-day enjoy the credit in the European
market to which their intrinsic merit fairly en-
titles them. The English investor who contents
himself with three and four per cent on Brit-
ish and French railroad stock, demands a net
return of from four to five and one-half per
cent from American railroad bonds. This dif-
ference in the credit of securities possessing
the same essential qualities cannot be altogether
explained by the fact that the course of English
prices for our securities is held down by the
American quotation; it is due, first and last,
to lack of confidence — a lack of confidence
which, because of its exaggerated nature, is as
prejudicial to the real interests of the Euro-
pean investor as it is injurious to the market
for American securities.
Mr. Van Oss, an Englishman, has in his
work on "American .Railroads and Invest-
ments" made an attempt to remove this dis-
trust and to enable the European investor to
appreciate the advantage of American railway
investments, by supplying him the material for
the formation of an intelligent estimate of their
character and worth. In executing his task,
however, Mr. Van Oss has produced a book
that will have an interest for a much wider cir-
cle of readers than the investing public; and
it is this feature that entitles his work to more
extended notice. It is not only a storehouse
of information regarding the history, manage-
ment, and affairs of the forty-five leading rail-
road companies brought under review, but it is
altogether the best discussion of the general
conditions, past and present, affecting the value
of American railroad securities, with which we
are acquainted. On this side it may be re-
garded as a contribution of importance to a de-
partment of railroad economics that has never
received adequate attention. It is not the work


186
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
of a scientific investigator, but it is a clear,
strong, discriminating, and impartial examina-
tion of an important part of the subject-matter
of railway finance.
There are three principal points of view
from which the activities of the railroad may
be studied, and each of these corresponds to a
different set of relations sustained by the rail-
road to those interested in it. These are, re-
spectively, the relations of the railroad to the
shipper, to the investor, and to the state. The
interests of the shipper and of the iuvestor have
usually been treated as distinct and separate,
and they are very generally supposed to be an-
tagonistic. In fact, however, these two inter-
ests are closely interlaced, and require, for their
complete understanding, to be studied in com-
bination. What is called the "railroad prob-
lem " is, on the scientific side, little more than
a search after the principle determining the
true equilibrium of these two interests, and, on
the practical side, the effort to strike the bal-
ance between them. (Those who despair of
solving the problem hope at least to destroy it
by dissolving one of the interests and substi-
tuting state ownership and management.) But
most writers have approached the question with
little direct reference to the iuvestor ; and thus,
despite its undoubted importance for a full com-
prehension of all the equities of the case, the
subject of railway finance has been neglected.
A few brief allusions to the complexities of
railroad accounting, and an explanation of the
juggle by which a road could conceal and sup-
port an unsound financial condition by charg-
ing dividends to construction account, have hith-
erto been thought sufficient. And a similar
indifference to the interests of the investor has
characterized the attitude of government, at
any rate in the United States. In England,
as a result of the revelations of the railway
panic of 1866, the Railway Securities Act was
passed, to provide some protection to the inves-
tor against the recurrence of similar abuses.
But in America, the investor, representing, ac-
cording to recent statistics, a nominal capital
of not less than ten billions, or one-tenth of the
nation's wealth, was left to devise his own safe-
guards. By a very natural blunder, it was
thought not to be possible to materially advance
the interests of the investor without injuring
those of the public. The investor, it was ar-
gued, is interested in high rates and pools to
maintain them; the shipper, on the contrary,
in low rates and the competition that produces
them. The public has failed to grasp the con-
nection between revenue and rates; the error
it has persistently made is in supposing that
large revenues imply high rates. The fact that
this conclusion was contradicted by the whole
history of railway development in America
counted for nothing, because it accorded so com-
pletely with popular prejudice against the
"money power." But the public was not alone
in the error. The investor has seldom taken
a more accurate view of his relations to the
shipper through the medium of rates. The as-
serted antagonism has also been accepted by
him as an undoubted fact. And now the au-
thor of the present work has brought the weight
of his authority to the support of the view
"that with regard to rates the interest of the
railways are conflicting with those of the pub-
lic." The railroad is simply typical of that
large and growing class of industries in which
permanent investment represents a heavy pro-
portion of total working capital. Of these in-
dustries as a class it is true that expenses do
not vary proportionately with changes in the
volume of business; and it is to them that the
important half-truth contained in the maxim
"quick sales and low profits" is particularly
applicable. But it is true in an especial de-
gree of the railroad, that the expense per unit
of traffic diminishes as the volume of traffic
increases. And it is equally true that the
amount of traffic varies inversely with rates,
a low rate stimulating and a high rate retard-
ing transportation. Rates, therefore, are only
one of three elements affecting the net revenue
of the railroad, the other two being expenses
and traffic. To put the conclusion in the form
of a mathematical statement, we might say that
railway revenue is a fraction of three variables:
expenses, rates, and traffic. And it will be
seen to follow from this, that only within nar-
row limits does the railway find its interest in
fixing rates higher than the public interest re-
quires. There is, therefore, little room or oc-
casion for friction between the shipper and the
iuvestor. Of several different rates producing
the same amount of gross revenue, the highest
is obviously the most advantageous to the in-
vestor; for aggregate expenses then being rel-
atively low, the margin of net revenue is in-
creased. The highest rate that yields the max-
imum revenue would seem to be the rule which
an exclusive regard for the interest of the in-
vestor prescribes to the railway management
in fixing rates. What this rate would be in
any particular case could only be experiment-
ally determined, and then only with great dif-


1893.]
187
THE DIAL
ficulty. The lowest of the maximum revenue
rates, on the other hand, most nearly accords
•with the interest of the shipper. Between those
two limits rates might oscillate, the point at which
temporary equilibrium would be reached being
determined by the multitude of circumstances
giving now the railroad and now the shipper
the advantage of position in the bargaining.
But the public would seldom find it to its per-
manent interest to depress rates below the max-
imum revenue point. This would endanger
the value of the investor's interest; and any-
thing that tends to render returns upon rail-
way investments inadequate is certain to react
injuriously on the shipper's interest.
The common complaint of railroads nearly
everywhere in the United States to-day is that
their earnings do not suffice to enable them to
distribute " fair " dividends among their stock-
holders. The fact to which they point as be-
ing both the evidence and the cause of this con-
dition is the low level of rates which rules here.
Kates are, indeed, extremely low in this country,
the average rate per ton-mile in 1890 being
considerably less than one cent. Rates here are
forty per cent lower than in England, and almost
as low as in Holland, where, owing to excessive
water competition, rates are lower than any-
where else in Europe. Equally significant is
the rapidity with which the decline in rates has
taken place. We have no exact statistics, but
the experiences of two typical American roads,
the New York Central in the East and the St.
Paul in the West, seems to warrant the con-
clusion that freight rates have declined about
seventy-five per cent since the war; and we
have positive evidence that they have fallen no
less than twenty-five per cent in the past twelve
years. It is not surprising that such facts
should be seized upon by managers to show
why railroads are not more remunerative. It
is a matter of great difficulty to trace the influ-
ence of rates on earnings, but it may be confi-
dently asserted that rates in the United States
are considerably below the maximum revenue
point. It is no sufficient answer to the con-
tention of the railroads to say that the decline
in rates has been compensated by the great
growth of business. Mere increase of traffic
could not of itself have saved the investor against
the inevitable effects of declining rates. Earn-
ings per mile of railway is the best, and indeed
the only real, indication of the financial pros-
perity of the road. Now, while there has been
an almost phenomenal growth in the -volume
of business during the past ten years — a gain
amounting to no less than one hundred per
cent in the case of freight traffic — there has
been a steady decline of net earnings per mile.
A part of the increase of traffic has no doubt
been counterbalanced by the increase of mile-
age; but when due allowance has been made
for the complication introduced by this factor,
it still appears that, with a net gain of about
thirty-three and one-third per cent of freight
traffic alone over new mileage, there has been
a decline of no less than twenty per cent in
net earnings per mile. The increase in traffic
has thus been more than offset by the decline
in rates. And the reduction of net earnings
would have been still greater had it not been
for the marvellous economies effected in the
cost of moving freight. Mr. Van Oss states
the situation accurately when he says that " to
offset the serious decline of earnings in spite of
growing business has been the problem rail-
road men in America found themselves con-
fronted with." They have met the difficulty
partly, but not altogether successfully, by cut-
ting down the cost of transportation per ton-
mile about one-half within the past twenty
years. While, then, the enormous decline in
rates produced a serious pro-rate reduction in
the earnings from a given volume of traffic,
the coincident concurrence of the two phenom-
ena of growing business and cheapened cost
prevented the margin of profits from being
wiped out, and thus maintained the railways
on a hardly less remunerative basis than for-
merly. And to this extent the force of the
contention that the constant decline of rates
explains the inability of the railroads to earn
"adequate" returns upon their capital is ob-
viously weakened; and more especially is the
moral force of the contention destroyed when
it is recalled that the railroads as a class are
themselves largely responsible for the decline
of rates—which was simply the inevitable con-
sequence of excessive construction and over-
supply of transportation facilities.
The American public has never been seri-
ously disposed to deny the justice of the rail-
roads' claim to earn adequate returns; but it
has refused to adopt the standard of adequacy
proposed by the railroads. The people were
not long in learning to appreciate the distinc-
tion between returns upon capital invested and
dividends on stock issued. They admitted the
claim of the railroads with reference to the for-
mer, but vigorously denied it as to the latter;
and, on the whole, with reason. The public
knows that a formidable proportion of the cap-


188
[Oct. lr
THE DIAL
ital now nominally represented by American
railways is fictitious. It is probably a conserv-
ative estimate that places the proportion of
"water" that was injected into the issues of
American railroad companies, in the days when
they were under the domination of cliques, at
one-third of the total capitalization. But what-
ever the proportion, it is safe to say, none of
the abuses that have surrounded the financial
management of American railways has done
more to discredit their claims in the eyes of the
public, and more certainly has been more pre-
judicial to the interests of the bona fide inves-
tor, than the evil of stock-watering. Not a few
American railroads are still struggling with the
difficulties emanating from this source. It is
the immense amount of " water " they are car-
rying that makes it impossible for some roads
to bear up successfully under the pressure of
declining rates. Excessive capitalization and
excessive construction have been the twin evils,
financially considered, of American railways.
The latter has driven rates down, and the for-
mer has kept dividends low. It is unnecessary
to dwell on the various methods of stock-wa-
tering developed by the ingenuity of American
manipulators. It is more important to recall
that the evil was one for which the laxity of
the law was partly responsible. Nowhere else
do railway directors enjoy such vast discretion-
ary powers as in the United States. The law
to this day imposes no serious restrictions upon
their power to issue bonds and shares, to declare
or pass dividends. The power has seldom been
abused in the issue of bonds, but the extent to
which share-capital was inflated to support
speculative intrigues may be gathered from Mr.
Van Oss's hardly exaggerated statement that
"the majority of companies realized nothing
for the shares they issued in their early days."
The distinction between bonds and stock is an
important one in American railway finance.
The bondholder is a preferred creditor of the
company, secured by a pledge of its property,
and receiving a stipulated interest upon his
loan. The stockholder is the owner of the
road, his stock entitling him to share in the net
profits. Nearly all American railroads were
built with borrowed capital, for which bonds
were issued, — it usually being impossible to
find a sufficient number of mere stockholders
to advance the money. "To many, even bonds
seemed no equivalent for their investment, and
besides prior rights upon the property they
also wished to possess control of the company;
and shares not being much sought after, it mat-
tered little to the promoter whether he gave-
shares into the bargain with bonds or not."
This was one of the most common and least ob-
jectionable methods of stock-watering, although
it frequently begot recklessness and dishonesty
in the management of the property. Far more
disastrous and reprehensible were fictitious is-
sues of stock for the purpose of manipulating
the market; the payment of excessive prices
for construction or for the purchase of other
properties, for which bonds and stock were
issued which the earnings of the company could
not afterwards support. In these ways inves-
tors were deceived and plundered to carry out
the "deals " of unscrupulous adventurers.
But stock-watering may now be regarded as
mainly an evil of the past. The great solidifi-
cation of railway business and the undoubted
improvement in the moral tone of railway man-
agement, which have taken place in recent
years, are a substantial guarantee that such
malpractices as were common in the seventies-
will be difficult in the future. The only form
of stock-watering of which we are likely to hear
more is the issue of stock-dividends; and, so-
far as this is a device for concealing profits
from public knowledge, it will be acceptable-
to the investor. There are even those—among
whom is Mr. Van Oss—who think that, what-
ever injury "water" may have been to inves-
tors in the past, it is now a positive benefit.
"Water emphatically begets a desire on the
part of railway managers to charge such rates
as will pay returns upon fictitious capital.'*
This view seems to us to be unduly optimistic-
and ill-founded. It overlooks the fundamental
conditions determining rates, and, again, the-
real nature of the relation of rates to revenue.
The "desires " of railway managers do not make-
rates. The decline of rates in this country has
been due to over-building and excessive com-
petition, rather than to lack of energy on the
part of managers. Mr. Van Oss, therefore,,
writes very much more to the point when he-
says, "The future remunerativeness of Amer-
ican railways depends chiefly upon the extent
of future construction." This is the question
of present and future importance to the inves-
tor; but to this question no very certain an-
swer can be given. Present indications, how-
ever, are that most American railroads will
pursue a very conservative building policy in
the future. The "boom" days are not yet 6f
the past, but we may safely expect that rail-
road extension will hereafter be undertaken
less in anticipation of possible development and


1893.]
18£
THE DIAL
more in response to calculable needs. Rates
have probably reached their lowest, and as the
country gradually grows up to the capacities of
existing systems we may look for a slow rise.
The present movement toward consolidation of
railroad properties will doubtless exert an im-
portant and healthful influence in these direc-
tions. Increasing traffic, rising rates, dimin-
ishing cost,— such will be the probable future
of the conditions on which the remunerative-
ness of the railroads depends. But while this
much is fairly clear, it would be rash to ven-
ture an opinion, much more a prediction, as to
how near or remote this future is.
A. C. Miller.
A :Life Worth Living.*
However cogent may be the pessimistic argu-
ment for the worthlessness of life, it takes an
essentially one-sided view of the matter. A
man is not only an individual, but a factor in
the social organism as well; and the latter as-
pect of his being is apt to be ignored by those
who contend for the futility of human endeavor.
In fact, Schopenhauer does imperfect justice
even to the individual aspect of the problem,
for he fails to give due weight to the individ-
ual satisfaction of the altruistic life, to the deep
inward joy that comes from strenuous endeavor
towards the accomplishment of some worthy
purpose, the joy to which we may deny the
name of happiness only because that word is
inadequate to give it expression, the joy for
which Carlyle found the higher name of blessed-
ness, and which Kenan bade us seek when he
gave us for a clue to the meaning of life that
noble phrase: "II ne s'agit pas d'etre heureux;
il s'agit d'etre parfait." And, if the pessim-
ist's view of life is thus discredited from the
standpoint of individualism, it suffers all the
more when examined from the standpoint of
the social organization. Professor Huxley, in
his Romanes lecture of last May, tells us that,
"However diverse their views on philosophical and re-
ligious matters, most men are agreed that the propor-
tion of good and evil in life may be very sensibly af-
fected by human action. I never heard anybody doubt
that the evil may be thus increased, or diminished; and
it would seem to follow that good must be similarly sus-
ceptible of addition or subtraction. Finally, to my
knowledge, nobody professes to doubt that, so far forth
as we possess a power of bettering things, it is our par-
amount duty to use it and to train all our intellect and
energy to this supreme service of our kind."
•The Life and Work of John Kuskin. By VV. G. Col-
lingwood, M.A. Two volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin
<fcCo.
Viewed from this objective standpoint, a life
is clearly worth living if it sensibly alters " the
proportion of good and evil in life " to the ad-
vantage of the good. And the cases cannot be
frequent in which such beneficent activity will
fail to find its subjective value also, in the cre-
ation of that state of ethical satisfaction which
most serious souls have come to regard as more
desirable than the palpable pleasures of senser
or even than the pure delights of the intellect.
Some such reflections as these are sure to-
be aroused by a look at the life work of Mr.
Ruskin, whose biography has recently been pre-
pared for us by Mr. W. G. Collingwood, for
many years his private secretary. They are as
far as possible removed from "the barren op-
timistic sophistries of comfortable moles," for
they spring from a more searching analysis of
life than mere optimism or mere pessimism has
to offer. In the outlook of men like Mr. Kuskin,
with whom high thought and noble deed go ever
hand in hand, neither optimism nor pessimism
can be a word of much meaning, for such men
are as far removed in temper from the com-
placency of the oue as from the despair of the
other. Mr. Kuskin displays, indeed, from time
to time, those moods of dejection from which
few serious lives are wholly spared; but with
him the mood only serves to mark the transi-
tion to some new phase of beneficent activity.
Beginning with the beginning of 1871, the first
series of "Fors," he says:
"I simply cannot paint, nor read, nor look at min-
erals, nor do anything else that I like; and the very
light of the morning sky, when there is any — which i»
seldom, now-a-days, near London—has become hateful
to me, because of the misery that I know of, and see-
signs of where I know it not, which no imagination can
interpret too bitterly."
But he quickly adds, lest despondency alone
should seem to have been the outcome of thirty
years of observation of men and labor in their
behalf,—
"Therefore, as I have said, I will endure it no longer
quietly; but henceforward, with any few or many who
will help, do my poor best to abate this misery. But
that I may do my best, I must not be miserable myself
any longer; for no man who is wretched in his own
heart, and feeble in his own work, can rightly help
others."
The literary charm with which Mr. Kuskin
instinctively invests the most casual expression
of his petulant moods, while it has brought
his personality vividly before the minds of his
readers, has also had the effect of obscuring
their view of his serious work ; to a certain ex-
tent it has produced a misleading impression
of the dominant temper in which that work has.


190
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
been done. It is the merit of Mr. Colling-
wood's biography to have given us an essen-
tially objective view of its subject, and such a
view is needed to counteract that which we get
from the self-revelations of " Fors " and " Prae-
terita." Mr. Collingwood's book is based upon
a larger collection of materials than any pre-
vious biographer has had at his disposal, as well
as upon the results of long personal intercourse
with Mr. Ruskin and participation in his work.
It is a straightforward chronological narrative,
marred now and then by the writer's endeavor
to be Ruskinian on his own account, and occa-
sionally uncritical in its acceptance of the most
extreme Ruskinian doctrine, but a model, on
the whole, of discreet and sympathetic delin-
eation. It has a number of portraits and other
illustrations, reproduces several hitherto un-
published letters, and fills two octavo vol-
umes, continuously paged. A minor point of
excellence is found in the apt chapter-headings,
such as the Rossettian:
"Sighing, I turned at last to win
Once more the London dirt and din,"
which marks Mr. Ruskin's transition from the
role of art critic to that of social reformer, or
the quotation from Ibsen—" Hush! you must
not speak about it yet, but I have made a great
discovery. The fact is that the strongest man
upon earth is he who stands most alone " —
which is used to characterize Mr. Ruskin's atti-
tude during the past quarter-century.
"The happiest lot on earth is to be born a
Scotsman," says Mr. R. L. Stevenson ; and the
biographer places considerable emphasis upon
Mr. Ruskin's Scotch ancestry. "The religious
instinct so conspicuous in him is a heritage from
Scotland ; so is his conscience and code of mor-
ality, part emotional, part logical, and often
unlike an Englishman's in the points that sat-
isfy or shock it. The combination of shrewd
common-sense and romantic sentiment; the
oscillation between levity and dignity, from
caustic jest to tender earnest; the restlessness,
the fervor, the impetuosity,—all these are char-
acteristics of a Scotsman of parts, and highly
developed in Ruskin." Possibly Mr. Colling-
wood makes too much of this notion of " the
recrudescence of the Celt," but it must be per-
mitted to have some weight. The influence of
Mr. Ruskin's parents had much to do with the
development of his character, and his devotion
to them while living, and to their memory af-
terwards, finds many a beautiful illustration
in his writings. Yet his intellectuality was too
forceful to develop in any mould planned by
others, and the inmost law of his being com-
pelled him to grow away from the paths that
his parents would gladly have seen him pursue
to the end. The following is Mr. Collingwood's
comment upon this silent tragedy—so common
and so inevitable in an age, like ours, of rap-
idly widening thought — the tragedy that pro-
vided Tourgu^nieff with a theme for one of his
greatest works:
"The gradual enlargement of his ideas and sphere of
thought involved a gradual estrangement from his pa-
rents; much more painful than any suddeu revolt, be-
cause then they would have known, so to speak, the
worst, and some sort of reconciliation on a new basis
would have been possible. As it was, they saw — or
thought they saw, for they could not tell how it would
end — their work being gradually undone, their cher-
ished hopes frustrated, their intentions unfulfilled. And
all their pride in his fame, and their confidence in his
dutiful affection, could not hide the fact that, once
launched on his life's true career, he had drifted away
from their track, out of their sight, voyaging through
strange seas of thought, alone."
Mr. Collingwood makes some excellent ob-
servations upon Mr. Ruskin's relations to the
Pre-Raphaelites. Attention is called to the fact
that, as a boy, when he first got permission to
copy at the Louvre, he chose a Rembrandt.
This shows, says the author, "what the casual
reader of his works on art might miss, that he
is naturally a chiaroscurist, and that his praise
of the Pre-Raphaelite color and draughtsman-
ship is not prompted by his taste and native
feeling so much as by intellectual judgment."
We doubt, indeed, if it shows all this, but the
incident is noteworthy. The following remarks
may be given a less qualified assent:
"Pre-Raphaelitism was an unstable compound, liable
to explode upon the experimenter, and its component
parts to return to their old antithesis of crude naturalism
on the one hand, and affectation, whether of piety or
poetry or simple reactionary antiquarianisin, on the
other. And that Mr. Ruskin did not then foresee. All
he knew was that, just when he was sadly leaving the
scene, Turner gone and night coming on, new lights
arose. It was really far more noteworthy that Millais
and Rossetti and Hunt were men of genius, than that
the 'principles' they tried to illustrate were sound.
And Mr. Ruskin, always safe in his intuitions, divined
their power, and generously applauded the dextrous
troop in their unexpected lampadephoria."
The Pre-Raphaelite episode is but one of many
illustrations of adherence to the central prin-
ciple of Mr. Ruskin's art teaching, "the great
doctrine that art cannot be produced except by
artists, . . . that, just as Socrates postponed
the day of justice until philosophers should be
kings, and kings philosophers, so Ruskin post-
poned the reign of art until workmen should be
artists, and artists workmen." Of this prin-


1893.]
191
THE DIAL
ciple, and of the other principle that all true
art presupposes a certain moral temper in the
artist and in his public, Mr. Ruskin, whatever
the vagaries of his criticism, has always been
the uncompromising defender.
In reading these volumes, one cannot fail to
be deeply impressed by the phenomenally va-
ried activity of Mr. Ruskin's intellectual life.
Of this we have a striking illustration'in a let-
ter to Carryle, written at the age of thirty-six.
The letter, which is too long for us to print, de-
scribes the occupations of the year — six hun-
dred pages of " Modern Painters," thirty new
drawings, some etchings on steel, designs for
the Oxford Museum, special studies of naviga-
tion and Spanish proverbs, a new classification
of plants, the rearrangement and cleaning up
of his collection of minerals, investigations in
political economy and German metaphysics,
and supervision of the work of a number of
pupils—humorously concluding, "and various
little by things besides. But I am coming to
see you." This letter is paralleled, twenty years
later, by the following:
"I begin to ask myself, with somewhat pressing
arithmetic, how much time is likely to be left ine, at
the age of fifty-six, to complete the various designs for
which, until past fifty, I was merely collecting material.
Of these materials I have now enough by me for a most
interesting (in my opinion) history of fifteenth-century
Florentine art, in six octavo volumes; an analysis of the
Attic art of the fifth century B. C, in three volumes;
an exhaustive history of northern thirteenth century
art, in ten volumes; a life of Sir Walter Scott, with
analysis of modern epic art, in seven volumes; a life of
Xenophon, with analysis of the general principles of ed-
ucation, in ten volumes; a commentary on Hesiod, with
final analysis of the general principles of political econ-
omy, in nine volumes; and a general description of the
geology and botany of the Alps, in twenty-four volumes."
Theprophetic aspectof Mr. Ruskin's thought,
which was, during his later years, to overshadow
all others, came frequently into view, even dur-
ing the earlier years of art study and criticism.
As early as 1845, be wrote to Joseph Severn
in terms that showed clearly enough the direc-
tion towards which his view of society was
turning:
"With your hopes for the elevation of English art
by means of fresco I cannot sympathize. ... It is not
the material nor the space that can give us thoughts,
passions, or power. I see on our Academy walls noth-
ing but what is ignoble in small pictures, and would be
disgusting in large ones. ... It is not the love of fresco
that we want; it is the love of God and his creatures;
it is humility, and charity, and self-denial, and fasting,
and prayer; it is a total change of character. We want
more faith and less reasoning, less strength and more
trust. You want neither walls, nor plaster, nor colors
—ca nefait rien a Vaffaire: it is Giotto, and Ghirlandajo,
and Angelico that you want, and that you will and
must want until this disgusting nineteenth century has
— I can't say breathed, but steamed its but."
All the promise of "Fors" was in these early
vaticinations; "so early had he taken up, and
wrapped around him, the mantle of Cassan-
dra." From this time on, his ethical ideals grew
until they almost usurped the place of the merely
artistic ideals with which he set out in his ca-
reer. That this career was a consistent develop-
ment from then until now is one of the main
contentions of his biographer, and to have made
this clear is not the least of Mr. Collingwood's
services. Near the close of the book, when
dealing with the charge of insanity that has
more than once been brought against Mr. Rus-
kin, the writer says:
"The careful student should be able to trace his
genius, down to the end, in continuous and rational pro-
gression. Passing over defined intervals of mental dis-
ease, and allowing for vehemence of expression,—partly
characteristic, partly the temporary effect of the pen-
umbra of the storm-cloud,— his mental development,
I make bold to say, is normal and logical throughout
his life. And I believe that when his work can be
looked back upon as a whole, with proper understand-
ing of its environment and with full knowledge of its
circumstances, the common reproach of insanity made
against each new manifestation of his mind will then be
scorned as au exploded prejudice."
All the stories of Mr. Ruskin's alleged insan-
ity are based on nothing more substantial than
the attacks of brain fever which at times threat-
ened his life. Mr. Collingwood, who appears
to have been at his side upon at least one of
these occasions, writes very beautifully of this
delicate subject:
"All that I now remember of many a weary night
and day is the vision of a great soul in torment, and
through purgatorial fires the ineffable tenderness of the
real man emerging, with his passionate appeal to jus-
tice and baffled desire for truth. To those who could
not follow the wanderings of the wearied brain it was
nothing but a horrible or grotesque nightmare. Some,
in those trials, learned, as they could not otherwise have
learned, to know him, and to love him as never before."
Many of Mr. Ruskin's readers recur more
frequently to "Fors " than to any of his other
writings, for they find in that series of dis-
jointed outpourings a more candid revelation
than elsewhere of the man whom they love and
reverence above all other Englishmen now liv-
ing; a form of utterance from which they may
almost pluck out the heart of the mystery con-
cealed within his complex personality. It is
interesting to note with what quick sympathy
Carlyle responded to the appeal of "Fors."
Such a tribute as the following letter, from the
man whose spirit Mr. Ruskin always felt most


192
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
akin to his own, must have been peculiarly
gratifying to its recipient:
"This ' Fors Clavigera,' Letter 5th, which I have just
finished reading, is incomparable; a quasi-sacred con-
solation to me, which almost brings tears into my eyes!
Every word of it is as if spoken, not out of my poor
heart only, but out of the eternal skies; words winged
with Empyrean wisdom, piercing as lightning,— and
which I really do not remember to have beard the like
of. Continue, while you have such utterances in you,
to give them voice. They will find and force entrance
into human hearts, whatever the 'angle of incidence'
may be; that is to say, whether, for the degraded and
inhuman Blockheadism we, so-called ' men,' have mostly
now become, you come in upon them at the broadside,
at the top, or even at the bottom. Euge, Euge!"
As we all know, "Fors" was but the intellec-
tual expression of a very practical plan, the
"St. George's Work." That in faith without
works there can be any saving grace whatever,
is a notion that Mr. Ruskin has always scorn-
fully repudiated. At one time, we find him
scrubbing the staircase of an Italian inn; at
another, road-mending at Hinksey; at an-
other, keeping clean a London street-crossing;
at another, carrying on a model tea-shop; at
still another, teaching in the night schools.
The "St. George's Work" was an attempt to
systematize the energies thus scattered, to en-
list the support of others, and thus to accom-
plish on a large scale what hitherto he had
done upon a small scale by personal effort. The
inner meaning of the " St. George's Work " is
thus well described:
"He aimed at the gradual introduction of higher
aims into ordinary life; at giving true refinement to the
lower classes, true simplicity to the upper. He pro-
posed that idle hands should reclaim waste lands; that
healthy work and country homes should be offered to
townsfolk who would 'come out of the gutter.' He
asked landowners and employers to furnish opportuni-
ties for such reforms; which would involve no elaborate
organization nor unelastic rules — simply the one thing
needful, the refusal of commercialism."
For nearly a quarter-century now the work of
the St. George's Company has been carried on
by a small but enthusiastic band of earnest re-
formers; it has indeed languished during the
Master's recent years of illness, but it has not
been abandoned, and can make a creditable
showing for itself. It may yet be destined to
illustrate the parable of the grain of mustard
seed.
As was to.be expected of a biographer hav-
ing such close personal relations with his sub-
ject, Mr. Collingwood gives us many familiar
glimpses of the Master. These begin with the
Oxford lecturer of 1870, of whom we are told:
"He used to begin by reading, in his curious intona-
tion, the carefully-written passages of rhetoric, which
usually occupied only about the half of his hour. By
and by he would break off, and with quite another air
extemporize the liveliest interpolations, describing his
diagrams or specimens, restating his arguments, reen-
forcing his appeal. His voice, till then artificially ca-
denced, suddenly became vivacious; his gestures, at
first constrained, became dramatic. He used to act his
subject, apparently without premeditated art, in the live-
liest pantomime. . . . Lecturing on birds, he strutted
like the chough, made himself wings like the swallow;
he was for the moment a cat, in explaining that engrav-
ing was the art of scratching. If it had been an affec-
tation of theatric display, we 'emancipated schoolboys,'
as the Master of the University used to call us, would
have seen through it at once, and scorned him. But it
was so evidently the expression of his intense eagerness
for his subject, so palpably true to his purpose, and be
so carried his hearers with him, that one saw in the
grotesque of the performance only the guarantee of an-
other and serious side."
The chapter on "The Diversions of Brant-
wood " is full of these reminiscences. For one
picture we may find space:
"In the morning you may be waked by a knock at
the door, and 'Are you going out?' And pulling up
the blind, there is one of our Coniston mornings, with
the whole range of mountains iu one quiet glow above
the cool mist of the valley and lake. Going down at
length on a voyage of exploration, and turning in per-
haps at the first door, you intrude upon the Professor
at work in his study, half sitting, half kneeling at his
round table in the bay window, with the early cup of
coffee, and the cat in his crimson arm-chair. There he
has been working since dawn, perhaps, or on dark morn-
ings by candle light."
The story of the illiterate mason is so charac-
teristic that we must quote it:
"Once, when new buildings were going on, the ma-
son wanted an advance of money, which Mr. Ruskin
gave him, and then held out the paper for him to sign
the receipt. A great deal of hesitation and embarrass-
ment ensued, somewhat to Mr. Raskin's surprise, as he
knows a north-countryman a great deal too well to ex-
pect embarrassment from him. At last the man said,
in dialect: 'Ah mun put ma mark.' He could not
write. Mr. Ruskin rose at once, stretched out both
hands to the astonished rustic, with the words: 'I am
proud to know you. Now I understand why you are
such an entirely good workman.'"
In 1889, Mr. Ruskin was visited with severe
illness, which kept him in close confinement
for a year. Since then, he has been gradually
but steadily improving in health, and the biog-
rapher's latest report is in cheerful strain:
"Nowadays, he seems, in all but the power of resum-
ing work, himself again, though aged and feeble. He
comes downstairs late, walks out morning and evening
by the lake shore,— not so often now climbing up the
moor, or boating on the lake. He reads the newspapers
and books, and spends the evening in the old way in
the drawing-room, rarely without music and chess. He
visits his neighbors, and is glad to see intimate friends
and young people; but he has hardly strength for the
distinguished stranger, or the admirer from a distance.
Remembering all he has passed through, his friends


1893.]
193
THE DIAL
should not be surprised if lie shrinks from visits of
-curiosity and inspection, however kindly meant. He
retains a vivid memory and interest in many things;
and, when the company is genial and the subject rouses
him, talks as brightly as of old. There are not wanting
-signs of reserve power which encourage'the hope that
many years are in store for him of rest after toil, and
tranquil light at evening time."
With a picture thus fair and peaceful linger-
ing before the vision, we close this record of a
noble life, fervently echoing the prayer that no
new storm-cloud may appear to mar the beauty
of its setting. William Morton Payne.
Briefs ox New Books.
SOmmdGo*,', The trend of ?Ir- Edmund fosse's
new volume sheaf of essays in contemporary crit-
«/critical cuay,. icigm ig guffi(.;entlv indicated in their
collective title, "Questions at Issue" (Appleton).
Contemporary wrangling over floating literary is-
sues, the mere attack and rejoinder of heated dis-
putants, is apt to bewilder rather than satisfy. It
is from the critic who is a non-combatant, who gets
above the sphere in which the controversy is con-
ducted, and who (on the excellent critical principle
of "reculerpourmieux sariter"') starts afresh from
the common point of departure of the contestants,
that we are to look for light. In the present vol-
ume Mr. Gosse has maintained pretty constantly
the critical attitude indicated; hence the reader
may expect to gain from him a clear idea of the
general nature of the issues treated, and perhaps a
glimmering notion as to their final solution. The
papers are, of course, gracefully written, combining
.seriousness of aim with the conversational tone and
"the absence of all pedagogic assertion" (the au-
thor's phrase) which are indispensable in the treat-
ment of current themes. There are twelve essays
in all—" The Tyranny of the Novel," " Has America
Produced a Poet?" " What Is a Great Poet ?" "Is
Verse in Danger?" "Tennyson — And After,"
"The Limits of Realism in Fiction," etc. The
reader, by-the-bye, need not take alarm at the flavor
of chopped hay possibly lingering about the last
title. From Mr. Gosse's rather ironical little paper
on "Making a Name in Literature " we may cite
the following comments on Mr. E. P. Roe—"a na-
tive author called Roe," as Mr. Arnold icily phrased
it: "There are certain books which are not wel-
comed by the reviews, and which fail to please or
«ven to meet the eye of experts in literature, which
nevertheless, by some strange and unaccountable
attraction, become known to the outer public, and
are eagerly accepted by a very large circle of read-
ers. I am not aware that the late Mr. Roe was
ever a favorite with the writing or speaking critics
of America. He achieved his extraordinary suc-
cess not by the aid, but in spite of the neglect and
disapproval, of the lettered classes. I have no close
acquaintance with Mr. Roe's novels, but I know
them well enough to despair of discovering why
they were found to be so eminently welcome to
thousands of readers. . . . It is their lack of sa-
lient character that makes me wonder what enabled
them to float where scores and scores of works not
appreciably worse or better than they have sunk."
The key to the problem which Mr. Gosse " despairs
of" is a sufficiently simple one; and he may find
it concisely, if somewhat too harshly, stated in
Schopenhauer.
We gladly bespeak the favor of our
The art of land- readers for Mrs. Schuyler Van Rens-
selaer s little treatise " Art Out of
Doors" (Scribner). The book is essentially a plea
for good taste in gardening, full of practical hints
and sound conclusions, and soberly and persua-
sively written. In America, as the author points
out, the truth of the Baconian maxim that " men
come to build stately sooner than to garden finely"
is often unpleasantly manifest. The fact that garden-
ing, like architecture, is an art, with a definite group
of principles and precedents, has scarcely yet dawned
upon us; and hence our parks and cemeteries, the
grounds about our country-seats, and our lesser
lawns and garden-patches, display solecisms to a
degree that would not be tolerated in our buildings.
"A glance," says the author, "at any American
town or summer colony of villas shows how defi-
cient we are when we deal with natural objects."
Having demonstrated the fault, with sound logic
and abundant citation of examples, Mrs. Van Rens-
selaer turns to the remedy. She discusses in detail
the treatment of grounds, roads, and paths, and the
disposal of pattern-beds, trees, shrubs, piazzas, etc.,
with intelligent enthusiasm, and with a commend-
able loyalty to the principle that the study of "Na-
ture unadorned " lies at the root of sound art. A
handsome tribute is paid incidentally to Mr. Olm-
sted, " the most remarkable artist yet born in Amer-
ica," whose taste has created, in the World's Fair
site and ensemble, such an impressive object-lesson
in the scope and possibilities of landscape garden-
ing. A pungent chapter (which might have been
profitably extended) is devoted to " Out-Door Mon-
uments." Mrs. Van Rensselaer decides that "the
proportion of bad monuments to good ones in any
American city to-day is probably at least ten to
one"; and we may add that the proportion is not
likely to improve until members of committees hav-
ing charge of such matters are chosen on some more
pertinent principle of selection than their general
social or commercial prominence. Several notably
bad monuments are cited—the "ridiculous figure"
of Burns and the commonplace one of Seward in
Central Park; the badly-placed Gettysburg statue;
the ugly urns, " suggestive only of the forty thieves,"
in Druid Park, Baltimore, etc. We were rather
surprised at the omission from this list of the strange
nondescript (labelled "Columbus") that claws the
"ambient air," so to speak, on the Chicago Lake


194
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Clonic Mylh>
in English
Literature.
Front. This statue, however, is of recent date, and
perhaps Mrs. Van Rensselaer has not yet seen it A
useful feature of this capital manual is the Appen-
dix containing a list of selected books and essays on
gardening.
"The Classic Myths in English Lit-
erature" (Ginn ), by Prof. Charles
Mills Gayley, is a work for which
teachers of literature in our colleges and secondary
schools should be very grateful. Neglect of the clas-
sical languages is fast making a sealed book, for the
majority of our students, of many of the best passages
of English literature. Professor Gayley does not
believe that the study of classical myth, otherwise
than in the forms of speech that first give it shape,
can ever be entirely satisfactory; but he does be-
lieve that something may be done to improve a
situation that is fast becoming intolerable. Some-
thing, at least, of the spirit of classical literature
may be imparted by an intelligent and sympathetic
English presentation of its substance. "Such sec-
ond-hand study must," he admits, " be ever a make-
shift, for the literature of a people inheres in its
language." "But in dealing with the purely imag-
inative products of antiquity, the difficulty of the
translation may be moderated if those products be
reproduced, so far as possible, not in the prosaic but
in the poetic atmosphere, and in the imaginative
garb of modern art." As the author puts it in an-
other passage: "If our American pupils and many
of their teachers cannot quaff Massic and Faler-
nian, they do well to scent the bouquet." Professor
Gayley's book, better than any other with which
we are acquainted, will enable them to "scent the
bouquet"; it is based primarily upon Bulfinch, but
the matter is so enlarged and rewritten as to make
a new and original work. It presents the classical
myths in attractive description, and illustrates them
by numerous passages of the best English poetry.
It also gives references to many others too long for
inclusion. The range of these illustrations is wide,
and comes down to very recent work. We have
tested the matter with a number of poems rather
out of the way of most readers, and in every case
have found them mentioned if not actually quoted
by the author. We are glad that the quotations
are so numerous, as, for younger students, they pro-
vide the best sort of material for memoriter work.
And we must reproduce the excellent doctrine of
the writer upon this very point. He says: "With
all our study of children and our gabble about
methods of teaching them, while we insist, properly
enough, that youth is the seed-time of observation,
we seem to have forgotten that it is also the har-
vest time of memory. It is easy for children to re-
member what they learn, it is a delight for them
to commit to memory; we act criminally when we
send them forth with hardly a fact, or a date, or a
glorious verse, in the memory of one out of ten of
them." The book has apparatus of all sorts — a
full commentary, genealogical tables, rules for pro-
nunciation, maps, illustrations, and careful indexes.
Prof. FretmanU ^ne *ate P''°fessor Freeman's " His-
Frdtrai Government tory of Federal Government" was,
new form. ftg ajj hjgtorical students know, aban-
doned at the close of the first volume, published in
1863. For many years following, the subject of
the Norman Conquest absorbed the author's atten-
tion, and the completion of his great study of that
subject left him with other interests more pressing
than those connected with the unfinished earlier
work. So the " History of Federal Government" re-
mained a fragment and has for many years been out
of print. Mr. J. B. Bury, of Trinity College, Dub-
lin, has now presented us with a new edition of this
work, which, in spite of its unfinished condition, is
of the first importance to the student of political
institutions. Freeman's original plan is sufficiently
stated in his own introductory chapter, or even in
the continuation of his title, which ran "from the
foundation of the Achaian League to the disruption
of the United States." For this part of the title he
has been often, and we think unfairly, censured.
That the United States were disrupted in 1863 is
a historical fact; that they were to become reunited
two years later was by no means clearly to be fore-
seen, and famous historians have made far greater
errors of judgment than that of Freeman when he
expressed a belief in the permanence of the disrup-
tion. The plan of his work contemplated a survey of
federal institutions as chiefly illustrated by the four
significant examples of Greece, Switzerland, the
Netherlands, and our own country. It will ever be
a matter of regret that the work should have stopped
short at the treatment of the Greek federations. The
present edition contains, in addition to the text of
the first, a chapter on "the defective forms of fed-
eralism which have appeared in Italy," and so the
work has been given the new title, " History of Fed-
eral Government in Greece and Italy" (Macmil-
lan ). It contains also a fragment on the German
Confederacy, an editorial preface, a full analysis of
contents, a careful index, and a twenty-page appen-
dix of additional notes by the editor. That it is
one of the most readable and suggestive of all mod-
ern works upon political history goes without saying.
A Technological
The " Diccionario Tecnologico Ingle's
sj^muiTEngiuh Espaiiol" of Seflor Nestor Ponce de
IMctionnry. -^^ ( Nfiw York . pQWe de jjeoa ^
published in 1883, now appears in a second edition,
and is accompanied by an entirely new "Spanish-
English" volume, thus making the work complete.
It includes within its scope "words and tonus em-
ployed in the applied sciences, industrial arts, fine
arts, mechanics, machinery, mines, metallurgy, agri->
culture, commerce, navigation, manufactures, archi-
tecture, civil and military engineering, marine, mil-
itary art, railroads, telegraphs, etc., etc." In pre-
paring this work the author took Tollhausen's Tech-
nological Dictionary as a basis, adding to the terms
included in that work all the technical expressions
given in thirty-three other dictionaries, general and
special, as well as other terms taken from rata-


1893.]
195
THE DIAL
logues and similar publications. The dictionary
is one of equivalents merely, not of definitions.
The importance of this work, with its sixteen hun-
dred double-columned pages, is evident. Our com-
mercial relations with the Spanish countries of
America are every year growing in importance, and
technical terms are constantly employed in invoices
and commercial correspondence. The general dic-
tionaries offered no assistance in such matters, and
many a correspondence is carried on at cross pur-
poses for lack of just such precise information as
Seflor de Leon's exhaustive work provides. It must
speedily find its way to every business office in
which Spanish letters are received and answered.
AnerceUentbooh ™ aPart ." «* the *¥°T}eB °f
on the Formation the Constitution expressed in the two
of the Union. voiume8j Professor Hart's "Forma-
tion of the Union, 1750-1829 " (Longmans) makes
a worthy companion to Professor Wilson's " Divis-
ion and Secession," already reviewed in these col-
umns. Professor Hart's is the better theory, yet it
is saying much to accord to his book the same praise
lately given to its sequel. He has already estab-
lished a reputation as a clear-headed and vigorous
writer, and his new volume bears out this conception
of him. The opening chapter, on the Americans
in 1750, is an admirable description, to be com-
pared with the later section on "The People of the
United States in 1789." The writer has purposely
avoided making a military history of a period
largely characterized by prolonged wars, and he
deserves thanks for dwelling the rather on the polit-
ical features of the period chronicled. The unity
of the somewhat scattering Colonial era is kept in
view by continual reference to European ambitions,
and the cause of the final revolt is truly found, not
in the extent but in the nature of Colonial grievances.
The section on the " Sources of the Constitution"
preserves an admirable balance between radical
views, and finds in the Colonial past the larger
sources of the newer construction rather than in the
British Constitution on the one hand or the invent-
ive brains of 1787 on the other.
A n account
of FroebeVs
ti/e and work.
"Froebel and Education by Self Ac-
tivity " is the title of an excellent lit-
tle volume by Mr. H. Courthope
Bowen in the series of "Great Educators" ( Scrib-
ner). Mr. Bowen is well qualified for writing
such a compendious account of Froebel's work and
thought, by a lifelong interest in the subject, by
much study of Froebel's principles and methods
both in books and in the kindergarten, and by hav-
ing frequent occasion to lecture on Froebel at Lon-
don, Cambridge, and elsewhere. Two chapters of
the little book are devoted to Froebel's life, and the
remaining seven to his ideas as expressed in his
writings, conversations, and schools. Appendix A
gives a complete list of Froebel's writings, and Ap-
pendix B a classified and annotated list of books on
Froebel recommended by Mr. Bowen to students.
The volume is likewise provided with an index.
No teacher ought to be without some account of the
life and works of the great educational reformer,
and this book commends itself as affording both a
brief introduction to the whole subject and the in-
formation needed in case one wishes to make more
exhaustive studies.
_, . "Let Him First Be a Man, and Other
Essays and ',
paperso/inter- Essays (Lee & Shepard) is the
est to teachers. ^ given by Mr w R yenable,
the veteran educational speaker and writer, to a mis-
cellaneous collection of talks and papers prepared
for teachers' journals and institutes. Here are es-
says on " Schoolmastery," on " Books and Reading,"
on "The History of Education," on " The Utility
of the Ideal," on "Sylvan Poetry, Mythology, and
Sentiment," and a "Memorial Address on Wil-
liam Downs Henkel." These papers are packed
with prose and poetical citations and allusions, and
couched in the pithy and sparkling style so much
prized by teachers' associations. They are full of
sensible and interesting observations adapted to en-
courage and inspire the young to higher ideals of
culture. The book has all the variety of a news-
paper, while its style and tendency are far more im-
proving.
"Camp-fires of a Naturalist" (Ap-
pleton) is the graphic story of Pro-
fessor Lewis Lindsay Dyche's four-
teen expeditions after North American mammals-
compiled by Clarence E. Edwords from the Pro,
fessor's field-notes and diary. The book deals
solely with facts, nothing having been added, as
the author tells us, to make the story "more inter-
esting or exciting." Mr. Edwords's style, in point
of adaptation to matter, could scarcely be bettered.
The book has the right ring of the off-hand camp-
fire "yarn"; and its obvious truth lends to it an
interest lacking in more lurid narratives. The brief
sketch, in the opening chapter, of Professor Dyche's
early career is sufficiently impressive, and offers a
useful and not too obtrusive moral to younger read-
ers, to whom we especially commend the book.
There are a number of illustrations of varying merit.
Narrative of
a North Ameri-
can naturalist.
An American
house-hunter
in Europe.
Mr. William Henry Bishop's "A
House-Hunter in Europe" (Harper)
is a cheery, chatty volume, pleasantly
written, and full of practical information withal.
Sensible American tourists who wish, while abroad,
to avoid cosmopolitan hotels, and to really rub
elbows with the people of the countries they visit,
may find here an array of useful facts as to Euro-
pean house rentals, servants' wages, food expenses,
plans of apartments, etc. The burden of Mr. Bish-
op's book is not, however, house-hunting; he has
really given us a capital travel-book — or, rather,
an account of the five years' sojourn of an Amer-
ican literary man in some of the most attractive
parts of Europe. The frontispiece furnishes a charm-
ing view of the author's quarters at Nice.


196
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION.
"The Professor," Charlotte Bronte's earliest novel,
interesting chiefly because it foreshadows the crowning
masterpiece of her almost unparalleled genius, has
been added to the exquisite new edition of the Bronte
sisters, published by Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. (Mac-
mi 11 an). Another volume of this edition includes the
poems of the three sisters, as well as the "Cottage
Poems" (1811) of their father, the Rev. Patrick
Bronte. Finally, " Wuthering Heights" and "Agnes
Grey" fill two other volumes of this edition. As for
the similar edition of Fielding, it has just been aug-
mented by "Tom Jones," in four volumes.
Mb. W. Outram Tristram's "Coaching Days and
Coaching Ways" (Macmillan) has reached, as it well
deserved, a new edition, and in its present crown octavo
form, at a reduced price, makes one of the most attract-
ive of simple gift-books. The illustrations by Mr. Hugh
Thomson and Mr. Herbert Railton, which adorn a large
proportion of the pages, are everywhere and always a
delight. The style of this new edition is similar to that
in which the same publishers have given us "Cran-
ford " and « The Vicar of Wakefield."
Lowell's " Conversations on Some of the Old Poets"
was published in 1845, and has been out of print for
many years. The author did not think it worth re-
printing, but a Philadelphia publisher (McKay) has
thought differently, and reproduced the work in a form
closely matching the collective edition of Lowell's works.
Mr. Robert Ellis Thompson, who writes an introduction
for the edition, tells us how he got hold of the book in
his college days, and "shared in that glow Mr. Stead-
man [sic] speaks of as felt by students of a still earlier
time. Many readers will be glad to have the book
thus made accessible, although it only represents the
author's immaturity, the period when he was fledging his
critical wings.
"A Practical Course in English Composition"
(Ginn) by Prof. Alphonso G. Newcomer, is a useful text-
book upon a somewhat original plan. It is neither a
rhetoric nor a grammar, but aims instead " to show the
student how simple a thing it is to find material" for
essays, and " how easy and delightful it is to work that
material into good, interesting compositions." It gives
practical directions for the narrative, descriptive, per-
suasive, and argumentative forms of composition, as well
as for some of the styles of newspaper writing. Miss
Mary F. Hyde's " Advanced Lessons in English" (Heath)
is a little book upon the same general subject, but strictly
grammatical in its treatment.
New York Topics.
New Yorlc, Sept. 26, 189S.
It is now almost a year since the writer of these
notes, observing the ruinous discounts and extremely
long credits given in certain sections of the publishing
trade, was led to predict the succession of failures
among weaker houses which has since taken place.
This prophecy accidentally got into print, and as far
as it was noticed at all it was made light of at the
time. It is easy to see now, however, that the pub-
lishing business was passing through the same condi-
tions of inflation from which all trades have experienced
so serious a reaction. Loss of confidence precipitated
a crisis, but the time was no doubt ripe for a change.
Less than two months ago a number of the largest
publishing houses in the country were seriously consid-
ering the advisability of throwing over a goodly pro-
portion of their Fall books into the next year. Perhaps
this has been done to some extent, but a glance at the
season's announcements indicates a determination to
carry out arrangements already made. I am informed
by more than one leading New York firm of publishers
that their orders are larger than were expected, and
that in Chicago and vicinity especially, the business is
almost normal. If a halt lias been called to the reckless
competition in discounts and credits, the panic will not
have been without its benefit.
Resident literary men have scarcely begun to return
to town from their summer outings—such of them as
were able to take outings this year. Not all of them
are as fortunate as Mr. Frank R. Stockton, whose out-
ing lasts the year round. He has a country home at
Convent, N. J., and is rarely seen in the city. His
place is called "The Holt," and there he raises flowers,
fruits, and vegetables, for his own and his friends' use.
No announcement of his literary plans is obtainable
beyond the volume of short stories already mentioned
in The Dial, soon to be published by Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons.
Some interesting announcements are made for the
literary celebration of the centenary of the death of
Madame Roland—the famous leader of the Girondists
in the French Revolution, whose execution by the guil-
lotine (Nov. 8,1793), at the hands of extremists of her
own party, was the occasion of the memorable excla-
mation, "O Liberty! what crimes are committed in thy
name!" The "Life and Letters " of Madame Roland
will soon be published; and an early number of "Scrib-
ner's Magazine" will give an article on the same sub-
ject by the same biographer, who has had free access
to the family papers. A selection from the letters will
appear in the magazine.
The announcement of an acting version of Mr.
Aldrich's "Mercedes," by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co., has called special attention to the fact that that
play has been put on the season's repertory of Mr. A.
M. Palmer's stock company. Miss Julia Arthur's ap-
pearance as "Mercedes" at the production of the drama
in this city last Spring added considerably to her pres-
tige as an actress. The company began a tour of the
country, at Brooklyn last week; and it was well worth
a pilgrimage to the sister city to see once more the
almost perfect rendering of the little play. The latter
requires the simplest yet the most finished acting. The
performance will be given some two or three times
during the company's stay in Chicago.
The exhibition of English Pre-Raphaelite paintings,
given at Philadelphia and New York last Winter, is
recalled by the numerous volumes concerning the move-
ment, and the reprints of books by members of the
group, about to be published. The most important of
these is the new work by Holman Hunt, which is looked
for with the deepest interest by old disciples of the
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and by novitiates created
last year. Next in interest is the Macmillan reprint of
Christina G. Rossetti's "Goblin Market and Other
Poems," to be illustrated by Lawrence Housman. Put-
nam also will reprint Rossetti's "House of Life" in their
"Literary Gems " series.
The literary and artistic activity of Dr. Edward
Eggleston and his daughters is emphasized by a new


1893.]
197
THE DIAL
volume in which all three are concerned, shortly to be
published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. "The Story
of Washington" is written by Elizabeth Eggleston
Seelye, edited by Edward Eggleston, and contains about
a hundred illustrations by Miss Allegra Eggleston. It
is expected that the book will supply a demand for a life
of Washington the man, of convenient size, not only
popular but also including the latest results of research.
Mrs. Elizabeth Cavazza, whose sketches of Italian
life have attracted wide attention, will soon begin in
the "Atlantic Monthly" a three-part story entitled
"The Man from Aidone," a study of Sicilian life among
the peasants and in the sulphur mines. Love and
tragedy fill the pages of what is probably Mrs. Cavaz-
za's most important contribution to fiction. Her real-
istic stories are the more remarkable from the fact that
the author is American by birth, and has never visited
Italy. Having married an Italian gentleman, she will
make her first trip to that country this Winter. Mrs.
Cavazza has always been a resident of Portland, Me.,
and has had a close friendship with the Lonfellow and
Whittier families, from whom she received helpful
advice in her early literary work.
Mr. Arthur Sherburne Hardy has settled into his
editorial duties at "The Cosmopolitan" office so quietly
that people scarcely realize that he is now a permanent
factor in New York literary life. As for the magazine
itself, I learn that it was necessary to stop printing
the September number, containing the World's Fair
articles aud illustrations, in order to get the October
number published. Orders for some forty thousand
copies have been left unfilled. The illustrations of the
World's Fair in the magazines, it may be said, have been
as a whole very artistic and suggestive, but I have seen
nothing that could compare with the series of heliotype
views given in recent numbers of the "American Archi-
tect." The original photographs evidently have been
taken after the grounds were put in perfect shape, and
they give one who has not seen the Exposition a realiz-
ing sense of its beauty which has not been obtained
elsewhere. It is to be hoped that the decorative work
at the Fair by our American artists may be reproduced
in the same fashion.
Arthur Stedman.
Literary Notes and Miscellany.
Professor Huxley's "Collected Works" are to be pub-
lished by Messrs. Macmillau & Co. in the "Eversley"
style of their Kingsley, Church, and Morley.
It is said that Mr. P. G. Hamerton has written his
autobiography, and deposited it in his publisher's safe,
there to remain until after the author's death.
Mr. Andrew Lang's Christmas book for this year will
be called "The True Story Book," and its contents will
range from Thermopylae and the finding of Yinland to
events of our own century.
Dr. Jessopp and Mr. Gosse are at work upon a life
of Donne. Dr. Jessopp wrote the article on Donne in
the " Dictionary of National Biography," and possesses,
moreover, a number of his unpublished manuscripts.
"My Arctic Journal," by Mrs. Lieutenant Peary, is
announced for early publication by the Contemporary
Publishing Company. It will be illustrated by the
remarkable photographs taken by Mr. and Mrs. Peary
in Northern Greenland.
We learn from the London "Bookman" that M.
Bourget's visit to this country is the result of an
arrangement with the editor of the New York "Her-
ald," and is to result in an American society novel, to
be published in that newspaper.
"The National Observer," in consequence of the
scarcity of new publications during the dull Summer
season, filled one of its recent numbers with reviews of
old books, such as "Ivanhoe," "In Memoriam," and
Macaulay's "History," done in the modern style.
An English publisher announces a translation of
Ibsen's "Brand," by Professor C. H. Herford. We
have often questioned the possibility of translating
"Brand" into English verse at all adequate to the form
and thought of that poem, but if Mr. Herford's work
shall prove to have been done throughout upon the
plane of the fragment published in " The Contemporary
Review" a year or two since, he will deserve the heart-
iest of congratulations.
Mr. Norman Gale, in the London "Academy," makes
the following suggestive comparison between the minor
poets of England and America: "Are the writers of
American minor verse, taken in the lump, better than
their English relations, or do the oversea publishers
behave more warily than those in London? Probably in
the midst of a practical, mechanical people the muse of
song finds fewer open houses. One thing is certain:
the volumes of verse that are visitors to our shores
strike a better average than do the abundant books of
rhyme that, coming from our own presses, exceed the
hairs of the head in multitude."
The London "Literary World " is the source of the
following bit of information: "The great edition of
Plato's Republic, to which, as is well known, Professors
Jowett and Lewis Campbell have been devoting them-
selves for some years, will see the light very shortly.
It was an open secret in Balliol at the time of the
Master's severe illness eighteen months ago, that one
of the chief anxieties of his physicians arose from the
patient's absolute determination to get up and work—
sometimes for several hours—at MSS. or proofs. And
Professor Campbell, too, has found an active man's
consolation for retirement in the magnum opus."
The French courts have recently decided that agree-
ments between author and publisher are strictly per-
sonal, the ground of the judgment being that the author
chooses his publisher, for his own personal reasons, as a
quasi-collaborator; whereas the reputation and acts of any
substituted publisher might be morally and materially
damaging to the book and its success. The point was
also laid down that it would be unfair to subject any
author and his works to the transfers to which the busi-
ness of a publisher is exposed. The case arose from the
publication, by the successors to the business of Dentu,
of a new edition of the "Iambes" of Auguste Barbier.
Mr. Roden Noel was with John Addington Symonds
at the time of the latter's death, and, in "The Gentle-
man's Magazine," thus writes of his interment: "An-
gelo and I helped to put him in his coffin, and drove
with him across Rome in the night at 3.30. It was
quite dark, but as we came near the Protestant Cemetery
the dawn began to glimmer above the buildings of the
Palatine and through the arches of the Colosseum; a rare
bird woke and twittered in the cypress trees; long
wreaths of white mist wavered close to the ground. . . .
He lies one pace away from Trelawney, and within
reach of a kiss from Shelley's cor cordium, a most lovely


198
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
spot in that most lovely cemetery. The birds sang inces-
santly all through the funeral."
An eight-volume series of "Periods of European
History" is in preparation by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
The works will embody the results of the latest investi-
gations, and will contain references and notes. The
volume treating of the Seventh Period, A. D. 1789-
1815, by Mr. H. Morse Stevens, lias been issued, and
that on the First Period, A. D. 476-918, by Mr. C. W.
C. Oman, is nearly ready. The second Period, A. D. 918-
1272, is by Mr. T. F. Tout; the third, a. d. 1272-1494,
by Mr. R. Lodge; the period a.d. 1494-1598, by Mr.
A. H. Johnson; from a. d. 1598-1715, by Mr. H. O.
Wakeman; from A. D. 1715-1789, by Mr. A. Hassall;
and the eighth and concluding Period embraces the
history of Europe from 1815 to 1893. The general
editor is Mr. Arthur Hassall, and his co-laborers are
all well known for their studies in the departments they
have chosen.
Lady Shelley, says the Loudon "Athenreuro," has
given to the Bodleian Library, on conditions, an exten-
sive collection of MSS. relating to the late Percy
Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Wollstonecraft
Shelley, consisting of letters written by them or ad-
dressed to them, as well as original MSS. of Shelley's
poems, and the original Diary kept by Mrs. Shelley,
together with a number of copies of the impression of
the same privately printed by the late Sir Percy Shelley.
The principal conditions which Lady Shelley desires to
be strictly observed are: that all these documents, ex-
cept MSS. of poems and such letters as have already
beeu printed by Mrs. Shelley in her edition of her hus-
band's prose works or in Prof. Dowden's Life, should
until the centenary of Shelley's death in 1922 be kept
apart, and not be allowed to be seen by any person ex-
cept the Curators and Bodley's Librarian, and that no
copy of any portion of them should be taken by any one.
vhittikr's love of home.
Whittier, as is well known, was no traveller. It is
doubtful if he was ever outside of New England. His
home attachment was a passion, and he had little wish
to roam. Mrs. Mary B. Claflin, in her " Personal Rec-
ollections of Whittier," lately published by Messrs. T.
Y. Crowell & Co., gives an interesting passage on this
phase of the poet's character:
"He was sensitive to every change of temperature and
seemed to be constantly longing for the summer air, the
blooming flowers, and the singing birds. He suffered in the
cold, bleak winds of New England, and often said: * It must
be confessed we have a hard climate. I always wish the
Pilgrims had drifted down to Virginia.' But his love for
Massachusetts and Essex County was [greater than his dis-
like of the long winters and the rough gales. The sunniest
climes and the richest landscapes could not win him from his
loyalty to his home, for he found every charm of beauty
and grandeur in its rugged scenes. The Merrimac was more
to him than the Rhine, and Choeorua and Mount Washington
more than the splendors of the Jungfrau and the Matter-
horn. Not the Bay of Naples nor the Bosphorus could
rival in his affections the North Shore and the expanse of
foam-crested waters about the Isles of Shoals. A friend whom
he greatly admired, in answering some inquiries of his as to
her birthplace in another State, added: 'But my ancestors
lived in Manchester-by-the-Sea.' 'Oh,'he exclaimed, ' I knew
thee was from Essex County.'"
organization among literary workers.
Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, in some appreciative
comments on the Literary Congress at Chicago last
July, printed in " Harper's Magazine " for October, gives
the following sensible observations on the benefits that
might be derived from organization among literary
workers:
"Perhaps the time is not yet ripe foran effective literary Con-
gress. But the time is evidently at hand for general confer-
ences of the literary men and women who use the English
language. Literature pure and simple is not organized, and
the workers in it are without standards, and without the ben-
efits of conference and cooperation. Philology, folk-lore, Old
English, etc., have their societies of mutual comparison and
aid; there are even historical associations upon a scientific
basis. Literature is unorganized. It is probably incapable of
scientific organization and cooperation from its nature. Bat
the great body of writers of English literature can certainly
gain power and encouragement by conferences if not by for-
mal organization. . . .
"The value of the Chicago conference is in the suggestion
of the possibility of impressing literary workers with their
increasing responsibility in their increasing opportunity, and
of elevating the literary standard of the English-reading
world. If five hundred of the producing authors of America
had come together at Chicago and conferred seriously upon
this subject would they not have gained strength and clarity
of purpose, and would not the effect have been felt through-
out the country? Would not personal contact and compar-
ison of views have resulted in some sort of inspiration? Would
not such a Congress in London, even if confined to fiction and
belles-lettres, raise the profession in dignity, and profoundly
impress the English-reading world? Why, in respect to such
conferences, should literature be an exception to all the sci-
ences, and to technical literary scholarship?"
ACCORDING TO STANDPOINT.
Two well-dressed Americans were overheard narrat-
ing to each other their experiences as visitors to Chi-
cago. "The greatest thing I have seen here," said one,
"is the Stock Yards. I was down there yesterday watch-
ing them killing hogs. They would yank a hog by the
heels, stick him, tumble him into hot water, and scrape
him, all inside of a minute. I'm sure some of 'em were
alive yet when their bristles were taken off." The other
man laughed heartily, as though in admiration both of
the efficiency of the process and of the joke on the hogs.
"Yes," said he, "Chicago is a smart town! It beats the
world, I reckon!"
A man with foreign dress and accent was heard, at
the Parliament of Religions, explaining the failure of
Christianity in India. "The conditions and standards
of our country," said he, "are different from those of
yours. Your Chicago slaughter-houses are a shame and
a curse to civilization. A religion which allows such
things cannot be understood and is not wanted in the
East."
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. PETER.
The following sonnet, apropos of one of the most cel-
ebrated of recent " finds," is from a volume of verse
just published in England by Mme. Darmesteter (A.
Mary F. Robinson):
"To-morrow or in twenty centuries
The sudden falling open of a lid
On some gray tomb beside the Pyramid
May bring the first Evangel to our eyes.
"That day, who knows with what aghast surprise
Our priests shall touch the very deeds He did,
And learn the truth so many ages hid,
And find, perchance, the Christ did never rise.
"What then? shall all our faith be accounted vain?
Nothing be left of all our nights of prayer?
Nothing of all the scruples, all the tears,
Of endless generations' endless years?
Take heart! Be sure the fruits of these remain.
Hark to the Inner Witness: Christ is there!"


THE DIAL
hy. MN OF THE HARVEST.
Now to thee, gracious Lord of the seasons, be honor and glory
and praise,
That again in the joy of the harvest our jubilant anthem we
raise.
Though many the fears that beset us, though faith waxes
feeble and cold,
Thy bow, with its promise unbroken, glitters still as it glit-
tered of old.
Though weary we grow in our watching the weeks of the
drought as they pass,
When the earth is as iron beneath us, and the heaven above
us as brass.
Yet the showers come back in their season; once more in the
land there is seen
The brook brimming over with crystal, the grass as the emer-
ald green.
Though troubled the spirit within us, when the mist upon val-
ley and plain
Lies thick, and the clouds in their armies return again after
the rain.
Yet the sun cometh forth as a giant, and after the tempest
the morn
Is cloudless and fair, and the color grows golden and rich on
the corn.
For seed time and harvest we thank Thee; our fears as the
shadows have fled;
Thou hast given his seed to the sower, Thou hast given the
eater his bread.
Alfred Church in the London Spectator.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October 1, 1893.
Army Authors. C. C. Bateman. Californian.
Autumn. Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic.
Black Sea to the Persian Gulf. Illus. E. L. Weeks. Harper.
Blockade-Running. Illus. Emma H. Ferguson. Lippincott.
California as a Health Resort. P. C. Remondino. Californian.
Colored Audition. Alfred Binet, Popular Science.
Chéret, Jules. Illus. R. H. Sherard. Mag. of Art.
Chicago, Economic and Statistical Studies. J. J. Halsey. Dial.
Christian Faith and Scientific Freedom. North American.
Criminal Festivals. Guillaume Ferrero. Popular Science.
Decorative Sculpture at the Fair. Illus. Mag. of Art.
Deerhounds in America. George MacDougall. Californian.
Electricity at the Fair. Illus. C. M. Lungren. Pop. Science,
England and France in Siam. G. N. Curzon. No. American.
Franz, Robert. W. F. Apthorp. Atlantic.
French Illustrators. Illus. F. N. Doubleday. Scribner.
Garden of the Gods. Illus. J. J. Peatfield. Californian.
Gothernburg System in America. E. R. L. Gould. Atlantic.
Greek Poetry, Power of. R. C. Jebb. Atlantic.
Hayes-Tilden Electoral Commission. James Monroe. Atlantic.
Home Rule Bill and the Lords. North American.
Household Arts at the Fair. F. A. Fernald. Pop. Science.
Insane and the State. A. Macfarlane. Popular Science.
Isthmus and Sea Power. A. T. Mahan. .1tlantic.
Japanese Beauties. Illus. Helen Gregory-Flesher. Califºn.
Jesus's Childhood. Illus. H. Van Dyke. Harper.
Leighton, Sir Frederick. Illus. Virginia Butler. Lippincott.
Lispenard's Meadows. Illus. T. A. Janvier. Harper.
Literary West, The. Dial.
Man of Letters as a Man of Business. W. D. Howells. Scribner.
Necromancy Unveiled. A. Hermann. Lippincott.
New York’s Wealth. Mayor Gilroy. North American.
Northwest Mounted Police. Illus.J. G. A. Creighton. Scribner.
Ornaments of the Botocudus. Illus. J. C. Branner. Pop. Sci.
Oxford Undergraduate Life. Illus. R. H. Davis. Harper.
Plants of the American Desert. Illus. H. L. Clarke. Pop. Sci.
Playwriting. W. H. Crane. North American.
Polar Probabilities of 1894. Gen. A. W. Greeley. North .1m.
Psychology, Progress of. J. McK. Cattell. Pop. Science.
Quail-Hunting. Illus. C. D. Lanier. Harper.
Railway Financial Problems. A. C. Miller. Dial.
Randolph-Clay Duel. Florence Walker. Lippincott.
Republican Party's Future. R. H. McDonald, Jr. Califºn.
Ruskin's Life. W. M. Payne. Dial.
Scott's Voyage in Lighthouse Yacht. R. L. Stevenson. Scrib.
Silver Problem. Andrew Carnegie, John Lubbock. North Am.
Smith, Goldwin, on the United States. Dial.
Syrian Riders. Illus. T. A. Dodge. Harper.
Tilden Trust, The. J. L. High. Atlantic.
Toulouse in Summer. Illus. Elizabeth R. Pennell. Harper.
Ural Cossack Fisheries. Illus. N. Borodine. Pop. Science.
Washington's Historic Houses. Illus. T. S. Hamlin. Scribner.
White City, Art of the. Illus. Will H. Low. Scribner.
Witchcraft Superstition in Norfolk. Charles Roper. Harper.
World's Fair, Literary Tributes on the. Dial.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, embracing 104 titles, includes all books
received by THE DIAL since last issue.]
HISTORY.
The United States: An Outline of Political History, 1492–
1871. By Goldwin Smith, D.C.L. 12mo, uncut, pp. 312.
Macmillan & Co. $2.
The History of Illinois and Louisiana under French Rule.
With a general view of French Dominion in North Amer-
ica and of the English Occupation of Illinois. By Joseph
Wallace. 8vo, pp. 433. Robt. Clarke & Co. $2.50.
History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clarke, to
the Sources of the Missouri River, etc. New edition, re-
printed from the edition of 1814, with critical comment-
ary, new introduction, and complete index, by Elliott
Coues. In 4 vols... with º: and illustrations, large 8vo,
uncut. New York: F. P. Harper. $12.50 net.
Ancient India, 2000 B.C.–8OO A:D. By Romesh Chunder
Dutt, author of “Civilization in Ancient India.” With
maps, 18mo, pp. 196. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.
A Sketch of the History of the Apostolic Church. By
Oliver J. Thatcher. 16mo, pp. 312. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.25.
English History for American Readers. By Thomas W.
Higginson and Edward Channing. Illus., 12mo, pp. 334.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.20.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
General George H. Thomas: A Critical #º By
Don Piatt; with concluding chapters by Henry V. Boyn-
ton. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 658. Robt. Clarke & Co. $3.
Sam Houston, and the War of Independence in Texas. By
Alfred M. Williams. With portrait and maps, 8vo, pp.
405, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2
Personal Recollections of John G. Whittier. By Mary
B. Claflin. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 95, gilt top. T.Y.
Crowell & Co. 75 cts,
The Court of Louis XIV. By Imbert de Saint-Amand;
translated by Elizabeth Gilbert Martin. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 266. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Albert Brisbane: A Mental Biography, with a character
§udy. By Redelia Brisbane. Illus., 8vo, pp. 377. Arena
Pub'g Co. $2.
Rear-Admiral Melancton Smith, U.S. N., A Memoir. By
K. Gold Thwaites. Pamphlet. Madison, Wis.; The
uthor.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
Essays in London and Elsewhere. By Henry James.
12mo, pp. 305, uncut. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Essays in Idleness. By Agnes Repplier. 16mo, pp. 224,
gilt top, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Opinions of a Philosopher. By Robert Grant. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 225. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.
**--


198
DIAL
THE
[Oct. 1,
spot in that most lovely cemetery. The birds sang inces-
santly all through the funeral.”
An eight-volume series of “Periods of European
History” is in preparation by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
The works will embody the results of the latest investi-
gations, and will contain references and notes. The
volume treating of the Seventh Period, A. D. 1789–
1815, by Mr. H. Morse Stevens, has been issued, and
that on the First Period, A. D. 476–918, by Mr. C. W.
C. Oman, is nearly ready. The second Period, A. D. 918–
1272, is by Mr. T. F. Tout; the third, A. D. 1272–1494,
by Mr. R. Lodge; the period A. D. 1494–1598, by Mr.
A. H. Johnson; from A. D. 1598–1715, by Mr. H. O.
Wakeman; from A. D. 1715–1789, by Mr. A. Hassall;
and the eighth and concluding Period embraces the
history of Europe from 1815 to 1893. The general
editor is Mr. Arthur Hassall, and his co-laborers are
all well known for their studies in the departments they
have chosen.
Lady Shelley, says the London “Athenaeum,” has
given to the Bodleian Library, on conditions, an exten-
sive collection of MSS. relating to the late Percy
Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Wollstonecraft
Shelley, consisting of letters written by them or ad-
dressed to them, as well as original MSS. of Shelley's
poems, and the original Diary kept by Mrs. Shelley,
together with a number of copies of the impression of
the same privately printed by the late Sir Percy Shelley.
The principal conditions which Lady Shelley desires to
be strictly observed are: that all these documents, ex-
cept MSS. of poems and such letters as have already
been printed by Mrs. Shelley in her edition of her hus-
band's prose works or in Prof. Dowden's Life, should
until the centenary of Shelley's death in 1922 be kept
apart, and not be allowed to be seen by any person ex-
cept the Curators and Bodley's Librarian, and that no
copy of any portion of them should be taken by any one.
WHITTIER's LovE OF HOME.
Whittier, as is well known, was no traveller. It is
doubtful if he was ever outside of New England. His
home attachment was a passion, and he had little wish
to roam. Mrs. Mary B. Claflin, in her “Personal Rec-
ollections of Whittier,” lately published by Messrs. T.
Y. Crowell & Co., gives an interesting passage on this
phase of the poet's character:
“He was sensitive to every change of temperature and
seemed to be constantly longing for the summer air, the
blooming flowers, and the singing birds. He suffered in the
cold, bleak winds of New England, and often said: ‘It must
be confessed we have a hard climate. I always wish the
Pilgrims had drifted down to Virginia.’ But his love for
Massachusetts and Essex County was greater than his dis-
like of the long winters and the rough gales. The sunniest
climes and the richest landscapes could not win him from his
loyalty to his home, for he found every charm of beauty
and grandeur in its rugged scenes. The Merrimac was more
to him than the Rhine, and Chocorua and Mount Washington
more than the splendors of the Jungfrau and the Matter-
horn. Not the Bay of Naples nor the Bosphorus could
rival in his affections the North Shore and the expanse of
foam-crested waters about the Isles of Shoals. A friend whom
he greatly admired, in answering some inquiries of his as to
her birthplace in another State, added: ' But my ancestors
lived in Manchester-by-the-Sea.” “Oh,' he exclaimed, ‘I knew
thee was from Essex County.’”
ORGANIZATION AMONG LITERARY WORKERS.
Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, in some appreciative
comments on the Literary Congress at Chicago last
July, printed in “Harper's Magazine” for October, gives
the following sensible observations on the benefits that
might be derived from organization among literary
workers:
“Perhaps the time is not yet ripe for an effective literary Con-
gress. But the time is evidently at hand for general confer-
ences of the literary men and women who use the English
language. Literature pure and simple is not organized, and
the workers in it are without standards, and without the ben-
efits of conference and coöperation. Philology, folk-lore, Old
English, etc., have their societies of mutual comparison and
aid; there are even historical associations upon a scientific
basis. Literature is unorganized. It is probably incapable of
scientific organization and coöperation from its nature. But
the great body of writers of English literature can certainly
gain power and encouragement by conferences if not by for-
mal organization. . . .
“The value of the Chicago conference is in the suggestion
of the possibility of impressing literary workers with their
increasing responsibility in their increasing opportunity, and
of elevating the literary standard of the English-reading
world. If five hundred of the producing authors of America
had come together at Chicago and conferred seriously upon
this subject would they not have gained strength and clarity
of purpose, and would not the effect have been felt through-
out the country 2 Would not personal contact and compar-
ison of views have resulted in some sort of inspiration ? Would
not such a Congress in London, even if confined to fiction and
belles-lettres, raise the profession in dignity, and profoundly
impress the English-reading world 2 Why, in respect to such
conferences, should literature be an exception to all the sci-
ences, and to technical literary scholarship?”
ACCORDING TO STAND POINT.
Two well-dressed Americans were overheard narrat-
ing to each other their experiences as visitors to Chi-
cago. “The greatest thing I have seen here,” said one,
“is the Stock Yards. I was down there yesterday watch-
ing them killing hogs. They would yank a hog by the
heels, stick him, tumble him into hot water, and scrape
him, all inside of a minute. I’m sure some of 'em were
alive yet when their bristles were taken off.” The other
man laughed heartily, as though in admiration both of
the efficiency of the process and of the joke on the hogs.
“Yes,” said he, “Chicago is a smart town! It beats the
world, I reckon!”
A man with foreign dress and accent was heard, at
the Parliament of Religions, explaining the failure of
Christianity in India. “The conditions and standards
of our country,” said he, “are different from those of
yours. Your Chicago slaughter-houses are a shame and
a curse to civilization. A religion which allows such
things cannot be understood and is not wanted in the
East.”
the Gospel AccordLNG TO St. PETER.
The following sonnet, apropos of one of the most cel-
ebrated of recent “finds,” is from a volume of verse
just published in England by Mme. Darmesteter (A.
Mary F. Robinson):
“To-morrow or in twenty centuries
The sudden falling open of a lid
On some gray tomb beside the Pyramid
May bring the first Evangel to our eyes.
“That day, who knows with what aghast surprise
Our priests shall touch the very deeds He did,
And learn the truth so many ages hid,
And find, perchance, the Christ did never rise.
“What then? shall all our faith be accounted vain?
Nothing be left of all our nights of prayer?
Nothing of all the scruples, all the tears,
Of endless generations' endless years?
Take heart! Be sure the fruits of these remain.
Hark to the Inner Witness: Christ is there !”


1893.]
199
THE DIAL
HYMN OF THE HARVEST.
Now to thee, gracious Lord of the seasons, be honor and glory
and praise,
That again in the joy of the harvest our jubilant anthem we
raise.
Though many the fears that beset us, though faith waxes
feeble and cold,
Thy bow, with its promise unbroken, glitters still as it glit-
tered of old.
Though weary we grow in our watching the weeks of the
drought as they pass,
When the earth is as iron beneath us, and the heaven above
us as brass.
Yet the showers come back in their season ; once more in the
land there is seen
The brook brimming over with crystal, the grass as the emer-
ald green.
Though troubled the spirit within us, when the mist upon val-
ley and plain
Lies thick, and the clouds in their armies return again after
the rain.
Yet the sun eometh forth as a giant, and after the tempest
the morn
Is cloudless and fair, and the color grows golden and rich on
the corn.
For seed time and harvest we thank Thee; our fears as the
shadows have tied;
Thou hast given his seed to the sower, Thou hast given the
eater his bread.
Alfred Church in the London Spectator,
Topics ix Leading Periodicals.
October 1, 1S9S.
Army Authors. C. C. Bateman. Californian.
Autumn. Edith M. Thomas. Atlantic.
Black Sea to the Persian Gulf. Illus. E. L. Weeks. Harper.
Blockade-Running. Illus. Emma H. Ferguson. Lippincott.
California as a Health Resort. P. C. Remondino. Californian.
Colored Audition. Alfred Binet. Popular Science.
Cheret, Jules. Illus. R. H. Sherard. Mag. of Art.
Chicago, Economic and Statistical Studies. J. J. Hulsey. Dial.
Christian Faith and Scientific Freedom. North American.
Criminal Festivals. Guillaume Ferrero. Popular Science.
Decorative Sculpture at the Fair. Illus. Mag. of Art.
Deerhounds in America. George MacDougall. Californian.
Electricity at the Fair. Illus. C. M. Lungren. Pop. Science.
England and France in Siam. G. X. Curzon. Xo. American.
Franz, Robert. W. F. Apthorp. Atlantic.
French Illustrators. Blus. F. N. Doubleday. Scribner.
Garden of the Gods. Illus. J. J. Peatfield. Californian.
Gothemburg System in America. E. R.L.Gould. Atlantic.
Greek Poetry, Power of. R. C. Jebb. Atlantic.
Hayes-Tilden Electoral Commission. James Monroe. Atlantic.
Home Rule Bill and the Lords. North American.
Household Arts at the Fair. F. A. Fernald. Pop. Science.
Insane and the State. A. Macfarlane. Popular Science.
Isthmus and Sea Power. A. T. Malum. Atlantic.
Japanese Beauties. Illus. Helen Gregory-Flesher. Calif n.
Jeaus's Childhood. Blus. H. Van Dyke. Harper.
Leighton, Sir Frederick. Illus. Virginia Butler. Lippincott.
Lispenard's Meadows. Blus. T. A. Janvier. Harper.
Literary West, The. Dial.
Man of Letters as a Man of Business. W. D. Howells. Scribner.
Necromancy Unveiled. A. Hermann. Lippincott.
New York's Wealth. Mayor Gilroy. North American.
Northwest Mounted Police. Illus. J. G. A. Creighton. Scribner.
Ornaments of the Botocudus. Illus. J. C. Branner. Pop. Sci.
Oxford Undergraduate Life. Blus. It. H.Davis. Harper.
Plants of the American Desert. Illus. H. L. Clarke. Pop. Sci.
Playwriting. W. H. Crane. North American.
Polar Probabilities of 1894. Gen. A. W. Greeley. North Am.
Psychology, Progress of. J. McK. Cattell. Pop. Science.
Quail-Hunting. Blus. C. D. Lanier. Harper.
Railway Financial Problems. A. C. Miller. Dial.
Randolph-Clay Duel. Florence Walker. Lippincott.
Republican Party's Future. R. H. McDonald, Jr. Calif n.
Ruskin's Life. W. M. Payne. Dial.
Scott's Voyage in Lighthouse Yacht. R.L.Stevenson. Scrib.
Silver Problem. Andrew Carnegie, John Lubbock. North Am.
Smith, Goldwin, on the United States. Dial.
Syrian Riders. Illus. T. A. Dodge. Harper.
Tilden Trust, The. J. L. High. Atlantic.
Toulouse in Summer. Illus. Elizabeth R. Pennell. Harper.
Ural Cossack Fisheries. Illus. N. Borodine. Pop. Science.
Washington's Historic Houses. Illus. T. S. Hamlin. Scribner.
White City, Art of the. Blus. Will H. Low. Scribner.
Witchcraft Superstition in Norfolk. Charles Roper. Harper.
World's Fair, Literary Tributes on the. Dial.
List of New Books.
[The following list, embracing 104 titles, includes all books
received by The Dial since last issue.]
HISTORY.
The United States: An Outline of Political History, 1492-
1871. By Goldwin Smith, D.C.L. 12mo, uncut, pp. 312.
Macmillan & Co. $2.
The History of Illinois and Louisiana under French Rule.
With a general view of French Dominion in North Amer-
ica and of the English Occupation of Illinois. By Joseph
Wallace. 8vo, pp. 433. Robt. Clarke & Co. $2.60.
History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clarke, to
the Sources of the Missouri River, etc. New edition, re-
printed from the edition of 1814, with critical comment-
ary, new introduction, and complete index, by Elliott
Coues. In 4 vols., with maps and illustrations, large 8vo,
uncut. New York: F. P. Harper. $12.50 net.
Ancient India, 2000 B. O.- 800 A:D. By Romesh Chunder
Dutt, author of " Civilization in Ancient India." With
maps, 18mo, pp. 196. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.
A Sketch of the History of the Apostolic Church. By
Oliver J. Thatcher. 16mo, pp. 312. Houghton, Mifflin
&Co. $1.23.
English History for American Readers. By Thomas W.
Higginson and Edward Channing. Illus., 12mo, pp. 334.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.20.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
General George H. Thomas: A Critical Biography. By
Don Piatt; with concluding chapters by Henry V. Boyn-
ton. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 638. Robt. Clarke & Co. S3.
Sam Houston, and the War of Independence in Texas. By
Alfred M. Williams. With portrait and maps, 8vo, pp.
405, gilt top. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.
Personal Recollections of John G. Whlttier. By Mary
B. Claflin. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 95, gilt top. T. Y .
Crowell & Co. 75 cts.
The Court of Louis XIV. By lmbert de Saint-Amand;
translated by Elizabeth Gilbert Martin. Blus., 12mo,
pp. 266. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Albert Brisbane: A Mental Biography, with a character
study. By RedeUa Brisbane. Illus., 8vo, pp. 377. Arena
PuVgCo. $2.
Rear-Admiral Melancton Smith, U. S. N.. A Memoir. By-
Reuben Gold Thwaites. Pamphlet. Madison, Wis.: The
Author.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
Essays in London and Elsewhere. By Henry James.
12mo, pp. 305, uncut. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
Essays in Idleness. By Agnes Repplier. Kimo, pp. 224,
gilt top. Houghton. Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Opinions of a Philosopher. By Robert Grant. Illus.,
Hinm, pp. 225. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.


200
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Virgin!bus Puerisque, and Other Papers. By Robert Louis
Stevenson. With etched portrait, IGnio, pp. 324, gilt
top, rough edges. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Letters to Dead Authors. By Andrew Lang. (Four ad-
ditional letters.) With etched portrait, lGmo, pp. 253,
gilt top, rough edges. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The True Grandeur of Nations: An Oration. By Charles
Sumner. 16mo, pp. 132. Lee & Shepard. 75 cts.
Shakespeare's England. By William Winter. New il-
lustrated edition, revised, 12mo, pp. 254, gilt edges. Mac-
milliin & Co. $2.
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Collected and edited
by Paul Leicester Ford. Vol. II., 1776-1781. Gilt top,
8vo, pp. 517. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5.
The Writings of George Washington. Collected and ed-
ited by Worthington Chaunoey Ford. Vol. XIV., 1798-
1799. 8vo, pp. 538, gilt top, uncut edges. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $5. net.
The Works of Shakespeare. Edited by William Aldis
Wright. In 9 vols. Vol. IX., 8vo, pp. 772, uncut. Mac-
millan & Co. $3.
The Diary of Samuel Pepys, M. A., with Lord Braybrooke's
Notes. Edited, with additions, by Henry B. Wheatley,
F.S.A. Vol. II., illus., 12mo, pp. 407, uncut. Macmillan
&Co. $1.50.
The Work of John Ruskin: Its Influence upon Modern
Thought and Life. By Charles Waldstein. With por-
trait, 18mo, pp. 200. Harper & Bros. 81.
The Book of Elegies. Edited, with notes, by James Bald-
win, Ph.D., author of "The Book Lover." IGnio, pp.
304. Silver, Burdett & Co.
POETRY.
A Roadside Harp: A Book of Verses. By Louise Imo-
Sen Guiney. IGnio, pp. 62, silver top. Houghton, Mif-
in&Co. $1.
Bay Leaves: Translations from the Latin Poets. By Gold-
win Smith, D.C.L. liimo, pp. 89, gilt top, uncut edges.
Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
The Seven Cities of the Dead, and other Poems, Lyrics,
and Sonnets. By Sir John Croker Barrow, Bart., author
of " The Valley of Tears." 12mo, pp. 136, uncut. Long-
mans, Green & Co. $1.75.
Skeleton Leaves. By. Frank Leyton. Second edition,
12mo, pp. 146, gilt top, uncut. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.
Teresa, and other Poems. By James Rhoades. IGnio, pp.
133, uncut, paper. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25.
Songs of the Common Day, and Ave! an Ode for the Shel-
ley Centenary. By Charles G. D. Roberts. 12mo, pp.
126, uncut. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25.
Poems of Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Bronte, with Cottage
Poems, by Patrick Bronte. lKmo, illus., pp. 246, uncut,
gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $1.
The Olive and the Pine. By Martha Perry Lowe, author
of " Love in Spain." Second edition, 16mo, pp. 156. D.
Lothrop Co. SI.
The Friendship of the Faiths: An Ode inscribed to the
Congress of Religions. By Louis James Block. 16mo,
pp. 16, paper. C. H. Kerr & Co.
FICTION.
The Prince of India; or, Why Constantinople Fell. By Lew
Wallace, author of " Ben-Hur." 2 vols., lGmo. Harper
& Bros. Boxed, $2.50.
The ClhT-Dwellers. By Henry B. Fuller. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 324. Harper & Bros. $1.50.
David Balfour: Being Memoirs of his Adventures at Home
and Abroad. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 12mo, pp.
406. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Nowadays, and Other Stories. By George A. Hibbard, au-
thor of "Idnna." Bins., lGmo, pp. 268, uncut edges.
Harper & Bros. $1.25.
The Petrie Estate. By Helen Dawes Brown, author of
"Two College Girls." lGmo, pp. 316. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.25.
Ingleside. By Barbara Yechton, author of "Christine's
Inspiration." IUus., 12mo, pp. 219. T. Y. Crowell &
Co. $1.25.
Elinor Fenton: An Adirondack Story. By David S. Fos-
ter, author of " Rebecca the Witch." l-'nio, pp. 300. J.
B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
A Norse Romance. By Mrs. O. M. Spofford. Illus., 4to,
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
Can This Be Love 1 By Mrs. Parr, author of " Dumps.'"
IUus., 12mo, pp. 348. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25.
Not Angels Quite. By Nathan Haskell Dole, author of
"A Score of Famous Composers." 12mo, pp. 327.
Lee & Shepard. $1.25.
From Side Streets and Boulevards: A Collection of Chi-
cago Stories. By Preserved Wheeler. lGmo, pp. 352.
Chicago: R. R. Donnelly & Sons Co. $1.25.
Arsareth: A Tale of the Luray Caverns. By B. C. War-
ren. lGmo, pp. 273. A. Lovell & Co. $1.
The Translation of a Savage. By Gilbert Parker, author
of "Pierre and His People." IGnio, pp. 184. D.Apple-
ton & Co. 75 cts.
Stories of Italy. Illus., 32mo, pp. 208, gilt top, uncut edges,
Chas. Scribner's Sons. 75 cts.
The Faience Violin. By Champfleury; translated by Will-
iam Henry Bishop. lGmo, pp. 170. D. Appleton & Co.
75 ota.
Joel Marsh, An American. By Avery Macalpine. IGnio,
pp. 263, paper. Ward, Lock & Bowden. 50 cts.
REPRINTS OF STANDARD FICTION.
The Works of George W. Cable. In 5 vols., 12mo, boxed.
Chas. Scribner's Sons. 86.
The Works of Thomas Nelson Page. In 4 vols., 12mo.
boxed. Chas. Scribner's Sons, $4.50.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. By Henry
Fielding. Edited by George Saintsbury. In 4 vols., illus.,
lGmo, gilt top, rough edges. Macmillan & Co. $4.
Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray. By Emily and
Anne Bronte. In 2 vols., IGnio, gilt top, rough edges.
Macmillan & Co. $2.
The Professor: By Charlotte Bronte. 18mo, Ulna., pp. 292,
uncut, gilt top. Macmillan & Co. $1.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Harper's Franklin Square Library: Half a Hero, by An-
thony Hope. 12mo, pp. 314. 50 cts.
Harper's Quarterly: The Bread-Winners, A Social Study.
16mo, pp. 319. 50 cts.
Appletons' Town and Country Library: Ideala, by Sa-
rah Grand; lGmo, pp. 269. 50 cts.
Lee & Shepard's Good Company Series: Third Hand
High, by W. N. Murdock; IGnio, pp. 253. 50 cts.
Longmans' Paper Library : The One Good Guest, by L.
B. Walford; IGnio, pp. 330. 50 cts.
Rand, McNally's Rlalto Series: Amabel, by Cathae Mac-
Guire. 12mo, pp. 432. 75 cts.
Bonner's Choice Series: Brandon Coyle's Wife, by Mrs.
E. D. E. N. Southworth; illus., IGnio, pp. 411.— A Skel-
eton in the Closet, by Mrs. E. D. E. N. Southworth ; illus.,
lGmo, pp. 381. Each, 50 cts.
JUVENILE.
St. Bartholomew's Eve: A Tale of the Huguenot Wars.
By G. A. Henty. Illus., 12mo, pp. 384. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1.60.
Through the Sikh War : A Tale of the Conquest of the
Puniaub. By G. A. Henty. Bins., 12mo, pp. 386. Chas.
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
A Jacobite Exile: Being the Adventures of a Young En-
flislnnan in the Service of Charles XII. By G. A. Henty.
llus., 1'jiiHi, pp. 353. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Famous Voyagers and Explorers. By Sarah Knowles
Bolton, author of " Poor Boys Who Became Famous."
Blus., 12mo, pp. 509. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
The Musical Journey of Dorothy and Delia. By Brad-
ley Oilman. Blus., oblong 8vo, pp. 79. T. Y. Crowell &
Co. 81.25.
Jack in the Bush ; or, A Summer on a Salmon River. By
Robert Grant. IUus., lGmo, pp. 374. Chas. Scribner's
Sum. $1.25.
Jack Hall; or, The School Days of an American Boy. By
Robert Grant, author of " Face to Face." Blus., 12mo,
pp. 394. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Diccon the Bold : A Story of the Days of Columbus. By
John Russell Coryell, author of " Diego Pinzon." Bins.,
12mo, pp. 279. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.


1893.]
201
THE DIAL
Oscar Peterson, Ranchman and Ranger. By Henry Wil-
lard French, author of "Lance of Kanana." Illos.,
8vo, pp. 380. D. LothropCo. $1.50.
Koradine Letters: A Girl's Own Book. By Alice B.
Stockhani, M.D.. and Lida Hood Talbot. Also, Creative
Life, a special letter to young girls. 12mo, pp. 424. Chi-
cago: Alice B. Stockhani & Co.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
With Thackeray In America. By Eyre Crowe. A.R.A.
Illus., 8vo, pp. 179. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.
Life with Trans-Siberian Savages. By B. Douglas
Howard, M.A. 12mo, pp. 209, uncut. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.75.
Through Apache Land. By Lieut. R. H. Jayne, author of
"The White Mustang." IUus., 12mo, pp. 334. Price-
Gill Co's " War-Whoop Series." $1.
The Economizer: How and Where to Find the Gems of
the Fair. Illus., 18mo, pp. 68. Rand, McNally & Co.
25 cts.
ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
Principles of Economics: The Satisfaction of Human
Wants. By Grover Peese Osborne. 8vo, pp. 454, gilt
top. Robt. Clarke & Co. $2.
Dependent, Defective, and Delinquent Classes. By
Charles R. Henderson, A.M. lGmo, pp. 277. D. C.
Heath & Co. $1.50.
Abnormal Man, being Essays on Education and Crime, and
related subjects. By Arthur McDonald. 8vo, pp. 445.
Government Printing Office.
SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY.
The Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Ex-
fiosition of its Principles. By Dr. Ernst Mach; trans-
ated by Thomas J. McCormack. Illus., 12mo, pp. 534.
The Open Court Pub'g Co. $2.50.
An Examination of Weismannlsm. By George John Ro-
manes, M.A. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 221, gilt top.
Open Court Publishing Co. $1.
The Science of Thought: Three Introductory Letters. By
F. MaxMilller. 12rao, pp. 125, paper. Open Court Pub'g
Co. 25cts.
The Science of Thought. By the Rev. S. S. Hebberd.
Revised edition, 12mo, pp. 96. Madison, Wis.: Tracy,
Gibbs & Co.
REFERENCE.
Technological Dictionary : English-Spanish and Spanish-
English. By Nestor Ponce de Leon. Second edition, in
2 vols., 4to, half-morocco. New York: N. Ponce de
Leon. $16.
A Dictionary of Foreign Phrases and Classical Quota-
tions, for writers and readers of Current Literature.
Edited by R. D. Blackmail. Eleventh edition, 16mo,
pp. 262, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The World's Foreign and Colonial Exchanges : A Ready
Reckoner. By John Henry Norman. 16mo, pp. 164. G.
P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
TEXT-BOOKS.
An Introduction to the French Language: Being a Prac-
tical Grammar with Exercises. By Alphonse N. Van
Dull. 16mo, pp. 229. Ginn & Co. $1.10.
Outlines of Khetoric. Embodied in rules, illustrative ex-
amples, etc. By John F. Genung, anthor of "Practical
Elements of Rhetoric." 16mo, pp. 331. Ginn & Co. $1.
Longmans' German Grammar, Complete. By J. Ulrich
Ransom, B.A. Himo, pp. 252. Longmans, Green, & Co.
Wots.
Advanced Lessons in English for Advanced Grammar
Grades, etc. By Mary F. Hyde, author of "Practical
Lessons in the Use of English." 16mo, pp. 199. D. C.
Heath & Co. 65 cts.
A Laboratory Manual, with a Course of Experiments in
Organic Chemistry. By W. R. Orndorff, A.B. Blus.,
16mo, boards. D. C. Heath & Co. 40 eta.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The King and the Kingdom: A Study of the Four Gospels.
In 3 series. 3 vols., 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.20.
The New Bible and Its New Uses. By Joseph H. Crooker.
16mo, pp. 286. Boston : George H. Ellis. $1.
The New Redemption: A Call to the Church to Recon-
struct Society according to the Gospel of Christ. By
George D. Herron, author of "The Larger Christ."
18mo, pp. 176, gilt top. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 75 cts.
Glimpses through Life's Windows. Selections from the
writings of J. R. Miller, D.D., author of "Silent Times."
Arranged by Evalena I. Fryer. 18mo, pp. 218. T. Y.
Crowell & Co. 75 cts.
Of the Imitation of Christ: Four Books. By Thomas a
Kempis. New edition, illus., 18mo, pp. 201. T. Y. Cro-
well & Co. 75 cts.
Phillips Brooks Year Book: Selections from the Writings
of Phillips Brooks, D.D. By H. L. S. and L. H. S. Gilt
top, 16mo, pp. 366. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25.
The Dayspring from On High. Selections arranged by
Emma Forbes Cary. 18mo, pp. 280. Houghton.Miffliii
& Co. $1.
Little Children in the Church of Christ. By Rev. Charles
Roads. 16mo, pp. 212. D. Lothrop Co. $1.
MISCELLANEOUS.
How to Judge a Horse: A Concise Treatise as to its Qual
ities, etc., including Bits and Bitting, Saddles, Driving'
etc. By Capt. F. W. Bach. IUus., 12mo, pp. 180. W-
R. Jenkins. $1.
Household Art. Edited by Candace Wheeler. 18mo, pp.
204. Harper's "Distaff Series." $1.
The Kindergarten. Edited by Kate Douglas Wiggin. 18mo,
pp.216. Harper's " Distaff Series." $1.
LEIF ERIKSON.
A new work just published, showing further investiga-
tion made by the late Eben Norton Horsford. on the location
of "LEIF'S HOUSE IN VINELAND," and a paper on
the "GRAVES OF THE NORTHMEN," by his daugh-
ter, Cornelia Horsford.
With maps and illustrations; beautifully printed from the
University Press, Cambridge. Paper, $1.50; cloth bound,
$2.00.
PUBLISHES BY
DAMRELL & UPHAM, BOSTON.
(A GUIDE FOR AMATEURS.)
HOW TO JUDGE A HORSE.
BY CAPT. F. W. BACH.
A concise treatise as to its Qualities and Soundness— including
Bits and Bitting—Saddles and Saddling—Stable Drainage, Driving,
and Training.
12mo, cloth, fully illustrated, $1.00. For sale by all booksellers,
or postpaid on receipt of price.
WILLIAM R. JENKINS,
Publisher or Vsterinarv Books.
851 and 853 SIXTH AVE. (48th STREET), N. Y.
/I \ACO //"" JM J A History of the Indian Wars
Q/llVlLzKlK^/iiy/i. with the First Settlers of the
United States to the commencement of the Late War j to-
gether with an Appendix containing interesting Accounts of
the Battles fought by General Andrew Jackson. With two
Plates. Rochester, N. Y., 1828.
Two hundred signed and numbered copies have just been
reprinted at $2.00 each.
GEORGE P. HUMPHREY,
25 Exchange Street, Rochester, N. Y.
The BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY.
740 and 742 Broadway, New York,
PUBLISHERS OF
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Make a specialty of supplying Public, Private, School, Club, and
Society Libraries. A topically arranged General Library List of
the Standard Books of all Publishers mailed upon application. Esti-
mates on submitted lists.


202
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Languages Mastered in 10 Weeks
French, German, Spanish, Italian,
Actually Spoken and Mastered in Ten Weeks, without
leaving your homes, by the Meistersehaft System. 550th
Thousand. Pupils taught as if actually in the presence
of the teacher. Terms for membership, 85.00 for each
language.
All questions answered and exercises corrected free
of charge. Specimen copy of Part I., either language,
sent free on receipt of a 2-cent postage stamp.
THE MEISTERSCHAFT PUBLISHING CO.,
No. 196 Summer Street, Boston, Mass.
Joseph Gillotts
steel tens.
GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 and 1889.
His Celebrated U^umbers,
303-404-I7O-604-332
tAnd bis otber styles, may be bad of all dealers
throughout the World.
JOSEPH G1LLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK.
The Boorum & Pease Company,
MANUFACTURERS OF
The STANDARD Blank Books.
(For the Trade Only.)
Everything, from the smallest Pass-Book to the largest
Ledger, suitable to all purposes — Commercial, Educational,
and Household uses.
Flat-opening Account-Books, under the Frey patent.
For sale by all Booksellers and Stationers.
FACTORY: BROOKLYN.
Offices and Salesrooms: . . . . 101 & 10.'! Dunne Street,
Nf.w York City.
REMEMBER
That the Erie lines have the following to offer:
Solid trains between Chicago and New York.
No change of cars, any class of tickets.
Vestibule limited trains.
Pullman dining and sleeping cars.
Pullman sleeping cars to Boston and to Colum-
bus, Ohio.
Fare two dollars less than by lines offering same
service.
If you are thinking of making a trip East it will
pay you to call at the Chicago office of the Erie,
242 Clark Street, Grand Pacific Hotel Building.
PERFECT FREEDOM.
Bishop Phillips Brooks.
The 'Beauty of a Life of Service.
Thought and t/lclion.
The Duty of the Christian Business Man.
True Liberty.
The Christ in whom Christians Believe.
^Abraham Lincoln.
With an etched Portrait by W. H. AV. Bicknelx.
1 vol., 16mo, cloth, gilt top, 01.00.
Chas. E. Brown & Co., 53 State St., Boston.
EDUCATIONAL.
MICHIGAN FEMALE SEMINARY, Kalamazoo, Mich.
A superior school and refined home. Number of students
limited. Terms $250. Send for Catalogue. Opens Sep-
tember 14, 1893. Brick buildings, passenger elevator, and
steam heat.
BINGHAM SCHOOL (FOR BOYS), Ashevllle, N. C.
1793.— Established at 1793.—1893.
201st Session begins Sept. 1, 1893. Maj. R. Bingham. Supt.
ROCKFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, Rockford, III.
Forty-fifth year begins Sept. 13, 1893. College course and
excellent preparatory school. Specially organized departments
of Music and Art. Four well-equipped laboratories. Good
growing library, fine gymnasium, resident physician. Memo-
rial Hall enables students to much reduce expenses. For cat-
alogue address Sarah F. Anderson, Principal (Lock box 52).
YOUNO LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J.
Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course.
Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils.
Pleasant family life. Fall term opens Sept. 13, 1893.
Miss Eunice D. Sew all, Principal.
MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR Qlkl.S, New York City.
No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. Sarah H. Emerson, Principal.
Will re-open Oct. 4. A few boarding pupils taken.
GIRLS' COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Chicago, III.
Nos. 479-481 Dearborn Ave. Seventeenth year. Prepares
for College, and gives special courses of study. For Young
Ladies and Children, j^ R g KlcB A M ,
Miss M. E. Beedy, A.M., |
Principals.
MISS CLAGETT'S HOME AND DAY SCHOOL FOR OIRLS.
Boston, Mass., 252 Marlboro' St. Reopens October 3.
Specialists in each Department. References: Rev. Dr. Don-
ald, Trinity Church; Mrs. Louis Aqassiz, Cambridge;
Pres. Walker, Institute of Technology.
NEW ENOLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, Boston, Mass.
Founded by Carl Faeltek,
Dr. Eben Tourgee. Director.
THE LEADING CONSERVATORY OF AMERICA.
In addition to its unequaled musical advantages, excep-
tional opportunities are also provided for the study of Elocu-
tion, the Fine Arts, and Modern Languages. The admirably
equipped Home affords a safe and inviting residence for lady
students. Calendar free.
Frank W. Hale, General Manager.
Franklin Square, Boston, Mass.
fHE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION. For
'Authors: The skilled revision, the unbiassed and com-
petent criticism of prose and verse; advice as to publication.
For Publishers: The compilation of first-class works of
reference. — Established 1880. Unique in position and suc-
cess. Indorsed by our leading writers. Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.
-•■-


1893.]
203
THE DIAL
THE DIALS CONTRIBUTORS.
The following list, which includes all the names that have been signed to articles in The Dial since its begin-
ning, is published for the purpose of showing how varied are the intellectual interests represented by the review,
and how serious and authoritative its contents. It will be noticed that the institutions of higher learning have
furnished The Dial with a large proportion of its contributors, and that our most important universities, with
hardly an exception, are represented in the list. The Dial feels that it has reason to be proud of a list that
includes the chief justice of the United States, presidents or professors of some thirty colleges and universities,
and many of the most distinguished private scholars in the country.
Pres. C. K. Adams, University of Wis.
Prof. H. C. Adams, University of Mich.
Prof. H. B. Adams, Johns Hopkins Univ.
•Prof. W. F. Allen, University of Wis.
Prof. E. P. Anderson, Miami University.
Prof. M. B. Anderson, Stanford Univ.
Prof. R. B. Anderson, late U. S. Minis-
ter to Denmark.
Dr. Edmund Andrews, President Chicago
Academy of Sciences.
•Hon. Isaac N. Arnold, Chicago.
^Walter R. Barnes, Stevens Point, Wis.
Elwyn A. Barron, Chicago.
Prof. John Bascom, Williams College.
Lieut. Fletcher S. Bassett, Chicago.
Rev. George Batchelor, Lowell, Mass.
Prof. Geo. Baur, University of Chicago.
Dr. R. 0. Beard, Minneapolis, Minn.
Pres. W. M. Blackburn, University of
North Dakota.
Rev. J. Vila Blake, Chicago.
Louis J. Block, Chicago.
Charles C. Bonney, Pres. World's Con-
gress Auxiliary, Chicago.
Lewis H. Bontell, Evanston, 111.
Prof. H. H. Boyesen, Columbia College.
Francis F. Browne, Editor The Dial.
John Burroughs. West Park, N. Y.
Mary E. Burt, Chicago.
George W. Cable, Northhampton, Mass.
F. I. Carpenter, Chicago.
Prof. H. S. Carhart, University of Mich.
Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Hoopston,
Prof. T. C. Chamberlin, Univ. of Chicago
•Pres. A. L. Chapin, Beloit College.
*James F. Claflin, Chicago High School,
H. W. S. Cleveland, Minneapolis, Minn.
Dr. Titus Munson Coan, New York City.
Mrs. H. A. F. Coohrane, Chester, N. H.
Rev. Robert Collver, New York City.
Prof. Albert S. Cook, Yale University.
Hon. Thomas M. Cooley, Univ. of Mich.
Prof. C. H. Cooper, Carleton College.
Dr. Elliott Cones, Smithsonian Institu'n.
Rev. Joseph H. Crooker, Helena, Mont.
Prof. E. L. Curtis, Yale University.
W. P. Cutler, Columbus, 0.
Clarence L. Dean, Marshall, Mich.
VanBuren Denslow, New York City.
Mrs. Anna Farwell DeKoven, N. Y. City.
Eugene L. Didier, Baltimore, Md.
Prof. D. K. Dodge, University of Illinois.
Col. Theo. A. Dodge. U. S. A., Boston.
Prof. M. L. D'Ooge, University of Mich.
Prof. J. G. Dow, Univ. of South Dakota.
Pitts Duffield, Mackinac Island, Mich.
Prof. Louis Dyer, Oxford, England.
Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, Academy of Sci-
ences, San Francisco, Cal.
Prof. Richard T. Ely, University of Wis.
Prof. O. F. Emerson, Cornell University.
Edgar Fawcett, New York City.
C. Norman Fay, Chicago.
H. W. Fay, Westborough, Mass.
Walter T. Field, Chicago.
James E. Foreman, Chicago.
William Dudley Foulke, Richmond, Ind.
Mrs. Mary H. Ford, Kansas City, Mo.
Prof. N. C. Fredericksen, late of the Uni-
versity of Copenhagen.
Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet), Da-
venport, la.
Chas. W. French, Chicago High School.
W. M. R. French, Director of Art Insti-
tute, Chicago.
Hon. Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice
of the United States.
Henry B. Fuller, Chicago.
William Elliott Furness, Chicago.
Prof. C. M. Gayley, Univ. of California.
Frank Gilbert. Chicago.
Rev. Simeon Gilbert, Chicago.
Richard Watson Gilder, New York City.
Rev.Washington Gladden, Columbus, 0.
Frederick W. Gookin, Chicago.
Mrs. Genevieve Grant, Chicago.
Prof. Edward E. Hale, Jr., Univ. of Iowa
Dr. Fitzedward Hall, Marlesford, Eng.
Prof. Newton M. Hall, Iowa College.
Prof. J. J. Halsey, Lake Forest Univ.
Rev. Leon A. Harvey. Des Moines, la.
Prof. C. H. Haskins, University of Wis.
Prof. J. T. Hatfield, Northwestern Univ.
Prof. George Hempl, University of Mich.
Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, Chicago.
Rev. Brooke Herford, London, England.
James L. High, Chicago.
Prof. Eniil G. Hirsch, Univ. of Chicago.
Prof. E. S. Holden, Director of the Lick
Observatory.
Rev. R. A. Holland, St. Louis, Mo.
Charles S. Holt, Lake Forest, 111.
Prof. Williston S. Hough, Univ. of Minn.
Mrs. Sara A. Hubbard, Chicago.
Prof .W. H. Hudson, Stanford University
Capt. E. L. Hugging, U. S. A., Chicago.
Henry A. Huntington, Rome, Italy.
Dr. James Nevins Hyde, Chicago.
Edward S. Isham, Chicago.
Prof. H. C. G. von Jagemann, Harvard
University.
"Hon. John A. Jameson, Chicago.
Rev. Kristopher Janson, Minnesota.
Prof. Joseph Jastrow, University of Wis.
Prof. J. W. Jenks, Cornell University.
W. L. B. Jenney, Chicago.
* Dr. J. S. Jewell, Chicago.
Edward Gilpin Johnson, Milwaukee, Wis.
Rossiter Johnson, New York City.
Prof.W. H. Johnson, Denison University
Pres. David S. Jordan, Stanford Univ.
Prof. F. W. Kelsey, University of Mich.
Capt. Charles King, U.S.A., Milwaukee.
Joseph Kirkland, Chicago.
Walter C. Limed, Chicago.
Bryan Lathrop, Chicago.
Rev. William M. Lawrence, Chicago.
Henry D. Lloyd, Chicago.
Dr. H. M. Lyman, Chicago.
James MacAlister, Pres. Drexel Inst.
Franklin MacVeagh, Chicago.
Alexander C. McClnrg, Chicago.
Prof. A. C. McLaughlin, Univ. of Mich.
Mrs. Anna B. McMahan, Quincy, 111.
E. G. Mason, Pres. Chicago Hist. Society.
Mrs. Mary M. Mason, New York City.
Mrs. Miriam P. Mason, Chicago.
Miss Kate B. Martin, Chicago.
Prof. Brander Matthews, Columbia Col.
Miss Marian Mead, Chicago.
Prof. A. C. Miller, Univ. of Chicago.
Miss Harriet Monroe, Chicago.
Miss Lucy Monroe, Chicago.
Mrs. A. W. Moore, Madison, Wis.
Prof. A. G. Newcomer, Stanford Univ.
Rev. Arthur Howard Noll, New Orleans.
James S. Norton, Chicago.
Mrs. Minerva B. Norton, Evanston, 111.
Rev. Robert Nourse, La Crosse, Wis.
• Rev. George C. Noyes, Evanston 111.
Prof. J. E. Olson, University of Wis.
James L. Onderdonk, Chicago.
Prof. Henry L. Osborn, Hamline Univ.
Eugene Parsons, Chicago.
Prof. G. T. W. Patrick, University of la.
William Morton Payne, The Dial.
Dr. S. H. Peabody, Late Pres.Univ. of 111
Norman C. Perkins, Detroit, Mich.
Prof. W. R. Perkins, University of la.
Egbert Phelps, Juliet, 111.
Hon. J. O. Pierce, Minneapolis, Minn.
Dr. W. F. Poole, Librarian Newberry Li-
brary, Chicago.
•Rev. H. N. Powers, Piermont, N. Y.
•William H. Ray, Hyde Park High
School, Chicago.
Rev. C. A. L. Richards, Providence, R.I.
Prof. C. G. D. Roberts, King's College,
Windsor, N. S.
J. B. Roberts, Indianapolis, Ind.
John C. Ropes, Boston, Mass.
Prof. E. A. Ross, Cornell University.
James B. Runnion, Kansas City, Mo.
William M. Salter, Philadelphia, Pa.
Prof. M. W. Sampson, University of Ind.
• Thorkild A. Schovelin, New York City.
Clinton Scollard, Clinton, N. Y.
M. L. Scudder, Jr., Chicago.
Miss E. W. Shogren, Northfield, Minn.
Prof. Paul Shorey, University of Chicago.
Dr. Albert Shaw, Editor Review of Re-
views.
Prof. W. E. Simonds, Knox College.
George W. Smith, Chicago.
William Henry Smith, New York City.
Prof. D. E. Spencer, University of Mich.
Prof. H. M. Stanley, Lake Forest Univ.
Prof. Frederick Starr, Univ. of Chicago.
Frank P. Stearns, Boston, Mass.
Richard Henry Stoddard, N. Y. City.
Mrs. Margaret F. Sullivan, Chicago.
Rev. David Swing, Chicago.
Slason Thompson, Chicago.
Henry W. Thurston, La Grange, 111.
Henry L. Tolman, Chicago.
Miss Augusta Tovell, St. Louis, Mo.
Prof. F. J. Turner, University of Wis.
Prof. Herbert Tuttle, Cornell University.
Edward Tyler, Ithaca, N. Y.
George P. Upton, Chicago.
Rev. David Utter, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Horatio L. Wait, Chicago.
Charles Dudley Warner, Hartford, Conn.
Stanley Waterloo, Chicago.
W. Irving Way. Chicago.
• William H. Wells, Chicago.
Pres. D. H.Wheeler, Alleghany College.
• Prof. N. M. Wheeler, Appleton Univ.
Dr. Samuel Willard, Chicago High Sch.
Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.
R. O. Williams, New Haven, Conn.
Gen. Robt.WiIbams,U.S.A.,Washington
Prof. Woodrow Wilson, Princeton Univ.
• Dr. Alex. Winehell, University of Mich.
Prof. Arthur B. Woodford, N. Y. City.
J. E. Woodhead, Chicago.
Mrs. Celia P. Wooley, Chicago.
Prof. G. Frederick Wright, Oberlin, 0.
* Deceased.


204
[Oct. 1, 1893.
THE DIAL
To California and Back
By tbe Santa Fe T^pute. Tbe most attractive (American
tour. <A new descriptive book, with tbe above title, con-
taining over 150 pages and as many pen-and-ink Illus-
trations, sent free, on receipt of four cents in postage, by
JNO. J. 'BYRNE,
701 Monadnock Building, Chicago, III.
Webster's International
Dictionary.
New from Cover to Cover. Abreast of the Times.
A Grand Educator.
Successor of the "UNABRIDGED."
Ten years were spent in revising, one hundred editors
employed, and over $300,000 expended.
Every Person who reads and writes should own
this Dictionary. It quickly and correctly answers the
questions constantly arising concerning words — their
history, spelling, pronunciation, meaning, etc.
A Library in Itself. It also gives in a form
convenient for ready reference the facts often wanted
concerning eminent persons, ancient and modern; noted
fictitious persons and places; the countries, cities and
towns, and natural features of the globe; translation of
foreign quotations, words, and proverbs, etc., etc.
This Work is Invaluable in the household, and
to the teacher, scholar, professional man, and self-edu-
cator.
SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
G. & C. MERRIAM CO., Publishers,
Spkimofield, Mass.
ESP- Do not buy cheap photographic reprlnta of ancient editions.
33?- Send for free prospectus containing specimen pages, illustra-
tions, etc.
MEISTERSCHAFT SUPERSEDED
BY ITS OWN AUTHOR,
DR. RICHARD S. ROSENTHAL.
Dr. Rosenthal's name has become a household word
wherever foreign languages are studied. A new work,
The Rosenthal Method of
Practical Linquistry,
has just been issued by him, which does not only super-
sede bis former system, published twenty years ago, but
will be found superior to any method. It is the ma-
ture outcome of twenty-five years' experience of the
greatest linguist and foremost teacher of the age, en-
abling anyone to learn to
SPEAK FLUENTLY AND CORRECTLY,
with scarcely an effort and without a teacher,
GERMAN, FRENCH, OR SPANISH,
within a marvellously short time.
"Next to living in a foreign country, this is undoubtedly
the best of all methods for learning modern languages."—
The Nation.
Exact pronunciation given. All subscribers become
actual pupils of Dr. Rosenthal, who answers all ques-
tions and corrects all exercises free of charge. Terms
of membership, 35.00 for each language. Part I., each
language, 50 cts.
Polyglot Book Company,
34 Lafayette Building, Chicago, III.
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO.


THE DIAL
<A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURN/tL OF
£it*rarg Criticism, gjismssion, anb information.
EDITED BY
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Volume XV.
No. 176.
CHICAGO, OCT. 16, 1893.
10 cts. a copy. j Office: 24 Adams St.
82. a year. j Stevens Building.
Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON'S NEW BOOK.
DAVID BALFOUR.
Being Memoirs of his Adventures at Home and Abroad. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
"Lovers of fiction have a great treat before them when they ait down to read ' David Balfour.' We have not hesitated to compare Mr.
Stevenson with Scott when Scott is at his best, nor shall we hesitate to compare him with Thackeray, even in ' Henry Esmond,1 though a better
book with which to compare this marvellous story would be ' Barry Lyndon.1"— R. H. Stoddard in Mail and Ezprets.
THE WATCHMAKER'S WIFE,
And Other Stories. By Frank B. Stockton. 12mo, cloth,
81.25.
In thi. new volume there are six of the author's inimitable tales in
addition to the title story, "Asaph," "My Terminal Moraine," "The
Philosophy of Relative Existences," "The Knife that Killed Po
Hancy/' " The Christmas Shadrach," and "The Rev. Ezekiel Crump."
These stories all reveal that fertile fancy, quaint drollery, and quiet
though delicious humor which have made the author's name famous.
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT.
Men of Business. By William 0. Stoddard.
Statesmen. By Noah Brooks.
Each illustrated, half leather. Crown 8vo, $2.00 net.
Each of these volumes contains a series of graphic character
sketches of Americans who by their own efforts have achieved success.
The eminence of the writers is an ample guaranty of both the authority
and the interest of these biographical studies. The volumes are en-
riched by portraits and other illustrations.
WINDFALLS OF OBSERVATION;
For the Edification of the Young and the Solace of others.
By Edward Sandford Martin. 12mo, $1.25.
A series of brief essays on topics of perennial interest, intimately
personal in tone, literary in touch, and both shrewd and humorous —
characterized by a distinct " Roundabout," though at the same time
thoroughly American, flavor.
WOMEN OF THE VALOIS AND VERSAILLES COURTS.
From the French of Imbkbt de Saint-Ahand.
Women of the Valois Court. Now Ready. I The Court of Louis XV. In Press.
The Court of Louis XIV. Now Beady. \ Last Years of Louis XV. In Press.
Each with numerous Portraits, 12mo, $1.25. The set, half calf, $10.00; cloth, $5.00.
NEW LIBRARY EDITIONS.
Thomas Nelson Page's Works. 4 vols., in a box,
$4.50.
George W. Cable's Novels. 5 vols., in a box, $6.00.
Both Mr. Page's and Mr. Cable's books long ago acquired the dis-
tinction of classics, and the appearance of the works of each in a
handsome uniform binding is in response to a wide demand for library
editions befitting their character and their position in the front rank
of American literature.
STORIES FROM SCRIBNER.
Stories of Italy. Stories of New York. Stories of the South.
Stories of the Army. Stories of the Railway. Stories of the Sea.
Each volume illustrated, 16mo, paper, 50 cents; cloth, 75 cents; half calf, $1.50. The set, 6 volumes, in a box, paper, $3.00;
cloth, $4.50; half calf, $9.00.
WITH THACKERAY IN AMERICA.
By Eyre Crowe. With 12 Illustrations. Small 4to, $2.00.
New and charming glimpses of the great novelist are given in this chatty and readable book of Mr. Crowe, the artist who accompanied
Thackeray on his journeying* in this country. The rapid and graphic narrative also describes the writer's own very lively impressions of the
country and people of forty years ago.
"A book that no lover of Thackeray will be willing to leave unread. Not only is it interesting for the near view it gives of the author of
* Vanity Fair,' but for the picture it paints of the United States forty years ago."—Critic.
THE OPINIONS OF A PHILOSOPHER.
By Robert Grant. With many Illustrations by C. S.
Reinhart and W. T. Smedley. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
41 It is a wonderfully bright book, full of good and quotable things.
Indeed, it is delicious in passages, and is by all odds the best thing
Mr. Grant has written."— Chicago Herald.
NEW BOOKS IN CAMEO EDITIONS.
Virglnibus Puerisque, and Other Papers. By K.
L. Stevenson. With etched Portrait. 16mo, $1.25.
Letters to Dead Authors. By Andrew Lano. With
four additional letters and etched Portrait, liimo, $1.25.
Large-paper edition of above two volume*, limited to 212 numbered
copies, Holland paper, uncut edges, per set, 81.00 net.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 743-745 Broadway, New York.


206
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
Letters of Asa Gray.
Edited by Jane Loring Gray, with portraits and
other illustrations. 2 vols., crown 8vo, $4.00.
Professor Gray was not only one of the foremost of botan-
ists, but a man of rare scientific genius and equal literary
skill. His Letters are highly valuable for the_range and in-
terest of their subjects, and attractive by virtue of their
charming style and the very engaging personality they reveal.
Sam Houston and the War of Independence
in Texas.
By Alfred M. Williams, author of "The Poets and
Poetry of Ireland." With a Portrait and Map.
8vo, $2.00.
A valuable and interesting book, both as a history of Texas
and a biography of Houston, who had a very remarkable
career.
A Sketch of the History of the
Apostolic Church.
By Oliver J. Thatcher, Professor in the University
of Chicago. 16mo, $1.25.
A thoroughly interesting book, giving in admirable form
the results of the latest researches in the early history of the
Christian Church.
Sub-Coelum: A Sky-Built Human World.
By A. P. Russell, author of "In a Club Corner," "A
Club of One," "Library Notes," and "Character-
istics." 16mo, $1.25.
Mr. Russell's picture of an ideal society and mode of life
is interesting, suggestive, and singularly free from everything
visionary and fantastic.
A Japanese Interior.
By Alice M. Bacon, author of "Japanese Girls and
Women." 16mo, $1.25.
A book of equal value and interest, describing from per-
sonal observation Japanese home and school life, theatres,
traveling, hotels, temples, food, dress, dolls' festivals, wrest-
ling contests, curio men, fireworks, the climate, earthquakes,
etc.
The Dayspring from on High.
Compiled by Emma Forbes Cary. 18mo, $1.00.
A little book of choice passages for each day of the year,
comprising quotations from the Bible, and extracts from re-
ligious and general literature, largely from the great writers
of the Roman Church.
Longfellow's Poetical Works.
New Cambridge Edition. From entirely new plates,
printed from large type, on opaque paper, and bound
in flexible covers. With a steel portrait. Crown
8vo, $2.00.
Longfellow's Complete Poems (including Christns) in a
form which promises to be the ideal one-volume edition of
this universally popular poet.
Longfellow's Poetical Works.
New Handy-Volume Edition. In five volumes, 16mo,
printed from beautiful large type, on opaque paper,
bound in a simple but very attractive style, and put
up in a cloth box. $6.25.
An entirely new edition, from new plates, and all the de-
tails have been studied to make it the favorite one for lovers
of choice books.
The Natural History of Intellect, and
Other Papers.
By Ralph Waldo Emerson. Riverside Edition. With
an Index to Emerson's Works. 1 vol., 12mo, gilt
top, $1.75; Little Clastic Edition, 18mo, $1.25.
An additional volume of Emerson's Essays, including; Tin-
Natural History of Intellect I never before printed); Memory:
Boston; Michael Angelo; Milton; Papers from the ** Dial'';
Thoughts on Modern Literature, Walter Savage Landor.
Prayers, Agriculture of Massachusetts, Europe and European
Books, Past and Present, A Letter, The Tragic.
The Witness to Immortality in Literature,
Philosophy, and Life.
By Rev. George A. Gordon, of the Old South Church,
Boston. 12mo, $1.50.
Dr. Gordon here presents the fruits of thoughtful study on
the Immortal Life, in the Scriptures, in the world's deepest
poetry and philosophy, in the Epistles of Paul, and in the life
and words of Christ.
The Son of a Prophet.
By Grace Anson Jackson. 16mo, $1.25.
An historical story of great interest, giving a view of times
and persons possessing a kind of sacred fascination. The
scene is in Palestine and Egypt in the reign of King Solomon.
and the author is very successful in creating the character of
the man who wrote the wonderful Book of Job.
Two Bites at a Cherry, with Other Tales.
A book of exquisite short stories, written in the most
delightful style, by Thomas Bailey Aldrich, author
of "Marjorie Daw and Other Stories," etc. 16mo,
$1.25.
Rachel Stanwood:
A Story of the Middle of the Nineteenth Century. By
Lucy Gibbons Morse, author of "The Chezzles."
$1.25.
A very engaging story of the anti-slavery agitation in New
York City about 1850, describing life among the Quakers,
containing charming scenes of child-life, ana including sev-
eral famous persons among its characters.
Polly Oliver's Problem.
A story of special interest to girls, but delightful to
everybody, by Mrs. Wiggin, author of "The Birds'
Christmas Carol," "The Story of Patsy," "Timothy's
Quest," "A Cathedral Courtship," etc. Illustrated,
16mo, $1.00.
Mrs. Whitney's Stories.
New Edition, with revisions. In seventeen volumes,
in new and attractive binding. Price, $1.25 each.
Faith Gartney's Girlhood. — The Gaywobthys.—
A Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Lite. — We Girls:
A Home Story.—Sights and Insights (two volumes I.—
The Other Girls. — Real Folks. — Patience Strong's
Outings. — Hitherto: A Story of Yesterdays. — Boys at
Chequasset.—Odd, or Even ?—Homespun Yarns. Short
Stories. — Bonnyborouoh. — Mother Goose fob Grown-
Folks. — Ascutney Street. — A Golden Gossip.
Very few American stories are so popular as Mrs. Whit-
ney's, and none are more wholesome or admirable in charac-
ter and influence.
*«* For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston.


1893.]
207
THE DIAL
The Century Company's New Books
NOW READY.
POEMS HERE AT HOME. By James Whitcomb Riley.
This latest collection of verses by the Hoosier poet contains some of his best pieces. No one who has read any
of Mr. Riley's previous works will need to be told more than this. Such old favorites as "Nothin' to Say,"
"The Old Man and Jim," "The Raggedy Man," "The Absence of Little Wesley," "Old John Henry,"etc.,
are included in the more than half a hundred poems gathered in this volume, which is illustrated by Kemble.
Price, in green cloth binding, $1.50; vellum, $2.50.
Sweet Bells Out of Tune.
A novel of New York society, by Mrs. Burton Harbison,
author of " The Anglornaniacs," etc. Illustrated by C. D.
Gibson. Price, $1.25.
Balcony Stories.
By Grace Kino, author of " Monsieur Motte," etc. Dreamy
tales of Louisiana. Illustrated by Sterner, Blum, and
others. Price, $1.25.
Trie White Islander.
A romance of the Indian massacre at Mackinac. By Mary
IIartwell Cathebwood, author of "The Romance of
Dollard," etc. Illustrated by Francis Day and Henry
Sandham. Price, $1.25.
Walter Camp's Book of College Sports.
Containing chapters on Baseball, Football, Track, Athletics,
and Rowing;, with the latest rules and many suggestions
from the author, who is recognized as the highest authority
among college athletes, and who has been for many years
the adviser of the most successful Tale teams.
The Century Gallery.
A collection of sixty-four of the best engravings that have
appeared in "The Century" and "St. Nicholas" maga-
zines during the past ten years, printed on heavy plate pa-
per and suitable for framing. Price, in portfolio, 13%xl7%
inches, $10.00.
An Embassy to Provence.
By Thomas A. Janvier. An account of a trip in a one-horse
chaise through the old Provencal towns of Southern France.
Price, $1.25.
To Gipsyland.
Describing the author's adventures among the gipsies of Hun-
gary. By Elizabeth Robbins Pennell, with illustra-
tions by Joseph Pennell. Price, $1.50.
The Public-School System of the United States.
A book of great interest to teachers and to all interested in
the cause of education. By Dr. J. M. Rice, who visited
the public schools of thirty-six of the principal cities of the
United States, and in this volume has set forth the systems
of teaching in vogue. 300 pages. Cloth, $1.50.
The Autobiography of Tommaso Salvini.
Leaves from the life of the great Italian tragedian. In cloth
binding, with frontispiece portrait, $1.50.
Thumb-Nail Sketches.
A charming little volume in stamped sheep binding, contain-
ing a number of stories of adventure by the artist George
Wharton Edwards, with the author's own illustrations.
Price, $1.00.
The Cosmopolis City Club.
By Rev. Washington Gladden. A book describing the or-
ganization and work of an ideal (and practical) club, whose
object was the purification of city politics. Price, in cloth
binding, $1.00.
Handbook of English Cathedrals.
By Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer. A handy volume in
flexible covers, describing the great cathedral churches of
England. Profusely illustrated by JosErH Pennell. 400
Cloth, $2.50; full leather, $3.00.
The Great Remembrance, and Other Poems.
A new volume of poems by Richard Watson Gilder.
Price, 75 cents.
NEW BOOKS FOR CHILDREN.
The Brownies at Home.
A new Brownie Book by Palmer Cox. As funny as the
other two. Price, $1.50.
The White Cave.
A story of adventure in Australia, by Willliam 0. Stod-
dard. Price, $1.50.
Bound Volumes of St. Nicholas.
The numbers for the past year in two parts, containing nearly
1000 pages and as many illustrations. Price, $4.00.
Topsys and Turvys.
The greatest novelty of the year. A book of colored pic-
tures, by P. S. Newell, that viewed right ride up show
one picture and upside down another. Price, $1.00.
Ready November 10th.
The Century World's Fair Book for Boys
and Girls.
The great book of the year for children. What two boys saw
at the Fair. Hundreds of pages! Hundreds of pictures—
the grounds, the buildings, the exhibits, the famous Mid-
way Plaisance — everything! The best of all Christmas
gifts for boys and girls. $1.50.
The books above named (with the exception of" The Century World's Fair Book for Boys and Girls," which will be issued
November 10th) are now ready and may be had at all book-stores, or will be sent post-paid to any address on receipt of price by
the publishers.
THE CENTURY COMPANY, No. W East 17th St., New York.
*»* A new catalogue of The Century Co.'s publications will be sent free on request.


208 THE DIAL [Oct. 16,
DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY
HAVE JUST PUBLISHED
A DAUGHTER OF THIS WORLD. A novel by Fletcher Battershall. 12rao, cloth, 81.25.
A COIGN OF VANTAGE. A novel by John Seymour Wood, author of "Gramercy Park," etc. 12mot
doth, $1.00.
PRISONERS OF THE EARTH, and Other Stories. By H. D. Lowry. 12mo, cloth, 81.00.
IN THE DWELLINGS OF SILENCE. A novel by Walker S. Kennedy. 12mo, cloth, 81.00.
FROM WISDOM COURT. Essays by Henry Seton Merriman and Stephen G. Tallentyre. With 30
illustrations by E. Conrboin. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
A COLONY OF MERCY; or, Social Christianity at Work. An Account of the Colony of Epileptics at Biele-
feld in Westphalia. By Julie Sutter. With 22 illustrations and plan. Octavo, cloth, $2.50.
THE CARLYLES, AND A SEGMENT OF THEIR CIRCLE. By G. F. Espinabse. Octavo, cloth, 84.00.
Mr. Espuusse, a literary and journalistic veteran, has been on terms of intimacy with many literary men of prominence, aa Sir Walter Scott,
Lord Jeffrey, Campbell, Wordsworth, the Carlyles, Leigh Hunt, George Eliot, Thackeray, Dickens, and others who appear in his pages.
The Parliamentary Novels by Anthony Trollope, comprising:
CAN YOU FORGIVE HER? 3 vols. PHINEAS REDUX. 3 vols. PHINEAS FINN. 3 vols.
THE PRIME MINISTER. 3 vols. THE DUKE'S CHILDREN. 3 vols.
In all 15 vols., 12rao, cloth, gilt tops, illustrated with photogravures from designs by C. R. Grant, $18.75. A large-paper
edition limited to 250 copies, at net $37.50.
This is the continuation of our reissue of the novels of Anthony Trollope, begun last season with the publication of the "Chronicles of Bar-
aetshire," in 13 vols., at $16.25.
THE NOVELS OF MARIA EDGEWORTH, to be issued at intervals, with illustrations in photogravure, be-
ginning with "Belinda," in 2 vols., at the uniform price of $1.00 per volume. This edition of about 12 volumes will be
uniform in type, size, etc., with the very popular edition of Jane Austen's Works published during the last year by Dent,
of London, and is published jointly with him.
Large-paper edition, limited to ISO copies, at $3.00 per volume.
THE LIFE OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, translated from the French of Maxime de La Rocheterie by
Cora Hamilton Bell. In 2 vols., 8vo, with 20 photogravure portraits of the leading characters, $7.50.
This new life of Marie Antoinette, which has been crowned by the French Academy, will probably remain the standard life of the unfortu-
nate queen. Owing to the recent discovery of a large mass of the correspondence of the Austrian Ambassador at the French Court, a flood of light
has been thrown upon many points which have hitherto been matters of conjecture alone.
There will be an edition on special paper of this book, limited to 150 copies, at $15.00. Two colored portraits will accompany the large-paper
edition exclusively.
LETTERS FROM MY MILL, translated from the French of Alphonse Daudet by Frank Hunter Potter.
With decorative head-pieces by George Wharton Edwards, and ten full-page designs in color by Madame Madeleine Le-
maire. 8vo, cloth, gilt, $4.00.
A large-paper edition, with special features, limited to 250 copies, at $10.00.
HORACE WALPOLE, A MEMOIR. By Austin Dobson, author of "Four Frenchwomen," "Eighteenth
Century Vignettes," etc. In 1 vol., uniform with these, with fourteen illustrations in photogravure. 8vo, cloth, $2.00.
A large-paper edition, limited to 250 copies, with the plates on Japan paper, $5.00 net
THE BOW OF ORANGE RIBBON. By Amelia E. Barr, author of "Friend Olivia," "Jan Vedder's Wife,"
etc. With 100 illustrations, four of them in color, by Theo. Hampe. 8vo, beautifully bound, cloth, $2.50; silk, $3.50.
THE JOURNAL OF EUGENIE DE GUERIN. In 2 vols., 12mo, cloth gilt, beautifully bound, 83.00.
SOME OLD PURITAN LOVE LETTERS. John and Margaret Winthrop, 1618-1638. Edited by Joseph
Hopkins Twichkll. With photogravure portrait of John Winthrop, reproduced from the painting in the State House
at Boston for this volume. 12mo, cloth, $2.00.
THE RIVALS. A comedy by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Illustrated by Frank M. Gregory, with five
plates in color, and upwards of fifty designs in black and white. One volume, 8vo, beautifully bound in full gold side,
uniform with "The School for Scandal," published last year, $3.50.
A large-paper edition, with special features, limited to 250 copies, $6.00 net.
LYNDELL SHERBURNE: A Sequel to "Sherburne
House." By Amanda M. Douglas. Uniform with it
in style and binding. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
ASHES OF ROSES. A novel by Louise Knight
IRISH IDYLLS. By Jane Barlow, author of " Bog-
land Studies." 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
This edition contains new matter and is copyrighted. The original
work has passed to a Thihd Edition in England.
NATIONAL CONSOLIDATION OF THE RAIL-
WAYS OF THE UNITED STATES. By George H.
Lewis, of the Des Moines Bar. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
WILLIAM JAY AND THE ABOLITION MOVE-
MENT. By Bayard Tuckerman. 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
THE AMERICAN GIRL AT COLLEGE. By Lida
Rose McCabe. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
A QUESTION OF HONOUR. By Lynde Palmer,
author of "John Jack," "One Day's Weaving," etc.
12mo, cloth, $1.25.
THE ROSE OF LOVE. A novel by Angelina Teal,
author of "Muriel Howe." 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
Wheatley. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
A HILLSIDE PARISH. A story by S. Bayard Dod,
author of "A Highland Chronicle." 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
WITCH WINNIE IN PARIS; or, The King's Daugh-
ters Abroad. A new volume in the Witch Winnie Series.
By Elizabeth W. Champney, author of "Witch Win-
nie," "Witch Winnie's Mystery," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE HISTORY OF A BEARSKIN. From the French
of Jules de Marthold. With one hundred illustrations
by J. O. B. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
ELSIE AT ION. A new volume in the ever-increas-
ingly popular Elsie Series. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
DODD, MEAD & CO., No. 5 East 19th St., New York.


1893.] THE DIAL 209
NEW GIFT BOOKS.
The Queen of the Adriatic; or, Venice medleval and modern.
By Clara Erskine Clement, author of " Art and Artists." Uniform in style with the preceding volumes,
"Genoa the Superb " and " The Lily of the Aruo." The author describes the Grand Canals, Cathedrals,
Palaces, Square of St. Mark's, Bridge of Sighs, etc., with sketches of the romantic history associated with
them, in this the most unique city in the world. Illustrated with 20 photogravures from recent photographs.
1 vol., crown 8vo, vellum cloth, illuminated in gold and colors . . . $3.00
I Van hoe. Illustrated Holiday Edition. With Introduction and Notes by Andrew Lang.
The most magnificent edition of this great masterpiece of Sir Walter Scott's ever made. The text is printed
on fine paper in a small page, new and large type, with ample margins. Of the 20 illustrations in etching
and photogravure, 12 are original etchings drawn and engraved in Paris by the celebrated French artist, Ad.
Lalaze, printed on imperial Japan paper. The binding is stamped in gold and colors.
2 vols., crown 8vo, cloth, in cloth box $6.00
Rome of To-day and Yesterday. By John Dennie.
A graphic and faithful pen-picture of the " Eternal City," describing the city as it now appears — its ruins,
castles, palaces, and cathedrals; with sketches of its history, its triumphs, and its reverses. A romance, his-
tory, and guide-book combined. Illustrated with 20 half-tone reproductions of photographs of the most
important points of interest.
1 vol., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt $2.50
Jennv Wren's Boarding House. Bv jAME8 °TI8> author of "Tobv Tyier," «Mr. stubb's
- — Brother," " Raising the Pearl," etc.
An excellent story of newsboy life in New York, written in the happy style with which Mr. Otis has for years
captivated juvenile as well as grown-up readers. Illustrated with numerous drawings by W. A. Rogers.
1 vol., quarto, cloth $1.25
Six Boys. By Elizabeth W. Champney, author of the "Vassar Girls " series.
This story is sure to rank among the most popular of books for young people for many years to come. It is
written in a fresh, invigorating style, and tells of haps and mishaps of a family of boys of all ages. Illus-
trated with original designs by Merrill.
1 vol., crown 8vo, cloth, gilt $1.50
Miss Parloa's Young Housekeeper.
Particularly for beginners — for those who have just begun, or are about to begin, to keep house for two or
three. Tells how to furnish the kitchen sensibly; the right way to buy food and to care for it; about pre-
paring all kinds of dishes by wholesome and economical methods; not to speak of many other things of
great importance to young housekeepers.
1 vol., 12mo, cloth $1.00
Melody. By Laura E. Richards, author of "Captain January," "Queen Hildegarde," etc.
The thousands of readers who value the tender pathos of " Captain January " will welcome this simple and
lovely story as a further development of a remarkable sympathy with all that is noble and beautiful in human
nature, and find in it a high power of literary expression. This simple story of the blind child will find its
way to a very large circle of admirers.
1 vol., 16mo, cloth, unique style $ .50
When I Was Your Age. By Laura E. Richards.
A series of papers which has already delighted the many readers of "St. Nicholas," now revised and pub-
lished in book form, with many additions. The title most happily introduces the reader to the charming
home-life of Dr. Howe and Mrs. Julia Ward Howe.
1 vol., quarto, cloth, gilt top $1.25
ChatterbOX for 1893. The King of Books for Young People.
Over Two Million of the Annual volumes have been sold, and all over the globe. No volume has ever given so
much or so good value for the money. Over 200 original illustrations. It is welcomed by children of all ages.
1 vol., quarto, illuminated boards $1.25
*»* For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of the price, by the Publishers,
ESTES & LAURIAT, Boston, Mass.


210
[Oct. 16, 1898.
THE DIAL
Macmillan & Co.'s List of New Books
TO BE PUBLISHED IN OCTOBER.
By KATHARINE LEE BATES, Professor of English
Literature at Wellesley College.
The English "Religious Drama.
(Just Ready.)
By F. MARION CRAWFORD.
{Marion "Darcbe.
tA Story Without Comment.
In the uniform series of Mr. Crawford's Novels.
12mo, cloth, $1.00. (Just Ready.)
By Dr. MICHAEL FOSTER, M.A., M.D.,
LL.D., F.R.S.
A Text-Book of Thysiobgy.
Part I. Sixth Edition. Revised.
By President DAVID J. HILL of the University of
Rochester.
Genetic Tbibsopby.
12mo, cloth, S1.75.
By Professor DUGALD C. JACKSON of the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin.
Cl^otes on Electro-Magnets and the
Construction of "Dynamos.
(Just Ready.)
By RUDYARD KIPLING.
"Ballads and "Barrack-'Room "Ballads.
New Edition. With Additions. (In the Press.)
By Professor JOHN SHIELD NICHOLSON.
Principles of Political Economy.
In two vols., 8vo. Vol. I., 83.00. Vol. II., in the Press.
By Professor HENRY B. ORR of Tulane University,
New Orleans, La.
A Theory of Development and Heredity.
(In the Press.)
By Sir HENRY ROSCOE, LL.D., F.R.S., assisted by
JOSEPH LUNT, B.Sc. (Vict.), F.C.S.
Inorganic Chemistry for Beginners.
With 108 Illustrations. lGino, 75 cents.
By Professor GOLD WIN SMITH, author of "Canada
and the Canadian Question."
The United States—An Outline of
Political History. 1492-1871.
Second Edition. 12mo, cloth, $2.00.
A New Volume in Macmillan's Dollar Novels.
Miss Stuart's Legacy.
By Mrs. F. A. STEEL, author of "From the Five
Rivers." 12mo, cloth, 81.00.
By Professor J. H. TUFTS, of the University of
Chicago. A Translation of
Windelband's History of Tbibsopby.
With especial Reference to the Formation and Devel-
opment of its Problems and Conceptions.
In one volume, 8vo, $5.00.
By WILLIAM WATSON.
Collected Edition of the Poems of
William Watson.
New Edition, revised and rearranged by the Author.
With a new Portrait. IGnio. (In the Press.)
By WILLIAM WINTER.
The Life and e/Irt of Edwin Booth.
12mo, cloth, gilt top, extra, 82.25.
The volume is illustrated with twelve full-page por-
traits in character reproduced by E. Bierstadt, and
other illustrations.
Also an edition printed throughout on English hand-
made plate paper, limited to 250 copies, each in box, at
86.00 net. Twenty-five copies of this edition have been
printed, with proofs of the illustrations on Whatman
paper. Price, $10.00 each.
*m* Messrs. Macmillan $• Co. have removed to their new premises at 66 Fifth Ave.
MACMILLAN & CO., Publishers, .... No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


THE DIAL
a Snrn'^iWontfjlg Journal of ILttcrarg dritictsmt, ©tacusaton, ano Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. Terms or Subscription, 82.00 a year in advance, pottage
prepaid in the United State*, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. Remittances should be by check, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Special Rates to Clubs and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and Sample Copt on receipt of 10 cents. Advertising Rates fum islied
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, No. 24 Adams Street, Chicago.
No. 176. OCTOBER 16, 1893. Vol. XV.
Contents.
PASS
THE WRITER AND HIS HIRE 211
BENJAMIN JOWETT 213
MR. GOSSE'S PUZZLE OVER POE. John Burroughs 214
MR. IRVING'S SHYLOCK. Anna B. McMahan . . 215
COMMUNICATIONS 216
The East and the West, Once More. Celia
Parker Woolley.
The Geographical Importance of Tomfoolery.
D. H. W.
A Pardonable Forgetting. B. O. Williams.
OLD-TIME DAYS IN NEW ENGLAND. E. G. J. 219
RUSSIA AND THE RUSSIANS, AS SEEN
THROUGH FRIENDLY EYES. Basmus B.
Anderson 222
MISS REPPLIER'S "ESSAYS IN IDLENESS."
Edward E. Hale, Jr 225
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 226
Stevenson's David Balfour.— Besant's The Rebel
Queen.— Wallace's The Prince of India.— Dole's
Not Angels Quite.—Edward Fuller's The Complain-
ing Millions of Men.—H. B. Fuller's The Cliff Dwell-
ers. — Cherbnliez's The Tutor's Secret. — Charop-
fleury's The Faience Violin.— James's The Private
Life.— Hibbard's Nowadays.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 228
The literary works of James Smetham.— The bio-
graphy of an American Fourierist.— Reminiscences
of Thackeray in America. — Brilliant pictures of
French people in the Old Regime.— Essays on the
Kindergarten and household art.— More of Lang's
Letters to Dead Authors.—A charming edition of
Mr. Winter's "Shakespeare's England."—English
events that have shaped American history.— Tales
and travels in the West Indies.— Examples of ele-
giac verse in English.— Literary and social gossip of
Old Fleet Street.
BRIEFER MENTION 231
NEW YORK TOPICS. Arthur Stedman 231
LITERARY NOTES AND MISCELLANY .... 233
The "Western School" of Literature: An Eastern
Comment.—Emerson's Friendships, the Ideal and
the Real.—A Rare Copy of Walton's Angler.—
The Tribulations of Authorship: A chapter of Per-
sonal Experience.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 235
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 236
THE WRITER AND HIS HIRE.
The notion that literary work should not be
done for pay, that it should be exempted from
the commercial conditions under which man
ordinarily does service to his fellows, is one
that frequently finds expression (and some-
times most unexpectedly) among professional
men of letters. It has more than once proved
an obstacle in the path of the London Society
of Authors, and has probably been among the
causes that have thus far prevented an effect-
ive similar organization of the literary workers
of our own country. Mr. Walter Besant has
done yeoman service in combating this idea
among Englishmen, but it seems to have some-
thing of the hydra's vitality, and the severance
of one head is but the signal for another to
rear its crest. A recent deliverance upon this
subject is to be found in the last issue of "Scrib-
ner's Magazine," and is of peculiar interest as
expressing the opinion of a writer who is no
less shrewd in the management of his business
affairs than accomplished as a man of letters.
Mr. Howells (for he it is to whom we refer)
has a weakness for the paradoxical, and it is
not always safe to take him quite as seriously
as he reads. But his recent discussion of the
literary life in its business aspect is prefaced
by certain opinions which, allowing for an evi-
dently whimsical element in their statement,
still seem to embody the doctrine that it is ig-
noble to write for pay. Mr. Howells is, indeed,
careful to say that, under existing conditions,
a writer is bound to take pay for his work ; but
he vaguely intimates that existing conditions
are all wrong, that there is something essen-
tially degrading in a writer's acceptance of com-
pensation for his work, and that in an ideal
state of society the man of letters would some-
how be taken care of without sharing in the
contentions of the market-place.
We are inclined to think that Mr. Howells
has not gone far enough in his analysis of the
problem. The man of letters is, like other
men, whether Jew or Gentile, "fed with the
same food, hurt with the same weapons, sub-
ject to the same diseases, healed by the same
means, warmed and cooled by the same winter
and summer." In a word, the man of letters
lives, and must have the means of subsistence.


212
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Shall he live by his pen, or shall he find other
sources of revenue, and leave to his hours of
leisure the cultivation of literature? Many
men of letters, doubtless, have done this; much
of the best literature has been produced under
these conditions. The very best literature will
get itself written under the most adverse form
of these conditions. When, once in the cen-
turies, a man has it in him to produce a " Don
Quixote" or a "Divine Comedy," he will fol-
low the star that lights his soul to the accom-
plishment of its divine purpose. Mr. Howells
thinks that Milton was overpaid for his " Par-
adise Lost," and doubtless he was, in the sense
that the bookseller's paltry stipend did nothing
to strengthen the motive that impelled to the
composition of the epic. But we must remem-
ber that literature consists of more than the
supreme masterpieces; that the minor master-
pieces are serviceable in their way; and that
the work of the honest journeyman is not with-
out its uses. That the pursuit of literature
should be relegated to the spare hours of men
who earn their living otherwise, is a principle
hardly to be defended, and Mr. Howells cer-
tainly does not mean to have us take that view.
The application of such a principle would spare
us many worthless books, no doubt; but it
would also deprive us of much work, helpful
in its generation, that we could ill do without.
But if, on the other hand, literature is a le-
gitimate profession, an occupation to which it
is well that many men should devote their best
energies and their entire lives, there seems to
be no good reason why it should not fit into
the general scheme of society and share in the
advantages of its economic organization. That
organization may at present work in a way
very unsatisfactory to the ethical sense, but not
even Mr. Howells will deny it to be better than
the barbarism which it has superseded, and to
represent a necessary stage in the evolution of
the civilized life. Mr. Howells seems to think
that the ideal society of the future will some-
how take charge of the literary artist and care
for him as for a public benefactor, that it will
provide him with maintenance in the Prytan-
eum. It is here, we think, that the analysis
is defective. Under anything like the existing
social organization, such public maintenance
would merely shift the burden of the artist's
support from his own special public to the pub-
lic in general. He would still be paid for his
work, having merely a new paymaster, prob-
ably less intelligent than the old one. But un-
der the socialistic organization that Mr. How-
ells probably has in mind, we can see no reason
why the artist should be singled out for special
consideration. The honest ditch-digger is a
public benefactor no less than the honest poet,
and, if there be anything ignoble in the accept-
ance of pay for honest work, it is equally de-
grading to the manhood of both. All work,
whether it be the digging of ditches or the writ-
ing of epics, is service done by man to his fel-
low men. There are but two things that need
concern the worker: let him take heed that
the work be worth doing, and that it be ser-
viceably performed. The real degradation,
whether in literature or in any other form of
activity, lies either in the doing of work that
is essentially worthless, or in the doing of any
kind of work for other than its own sake.
With the literary worker, the greater danger
of degradation comes from the second of these
causes. While we must admit the principle to
be legitimate, the frank acceptance of litera-
ture as a commercial product, to be bought
and paid for at the market rates, does result
in attracting to the literary profession a large
number of workers who have no higher aim
than that of turning the profession of writing
to the greatest possible pecuniary account.
But the moral to be drawn from this state of
things is precisely the same as that to be drawn
from any other occupation. Work for the
mere purpose of gain is always ignoble, no
matter what sort of work it may be. Upon
this point, Mr. Raskin has given us the whole
ethical doctrine, has interpreted the law and
the prophets, in his lecture on " Work."
"It is physically impossible for a well-educated, in-
tellectual, or brave man to make money the chief ob-
ject of his thoughts; just as it is for him to make his
dinner the principal object of them. All healthy people
like their dinners, but their dinner is not the main object
of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making
money — ought to like it, and to enjoy the sensation of
winning it: but the main object of their life is not
money; it is something better than money. A good
soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting
well. He is glad of his pay — very properly so, and
justly grumbles when you keep him ten years without
it — still, his main notion of life is to win battles, not
to be paid for winning them. So of clergymen. They
like pew-rents, and baptismal fees, of course; but yet,
if they are brave and well-educated, the pew-rent is not
the sole object of their lives, and the baptismal fee is
not the sole purpose of the baptism; the clergyman's
object is essentially to baptize and preach, not to be
paid for preaching. . . . And so with all other brave
and rightly-trained men; their work is first, their fee
second — very important always, but still second. But
in every nation, as I said, there are a vast class who are
ill-educated, cowardly, and more or less stupid. And
with these people, just as certainly the fee is first, and


1893.]
213
THE DIAL
the work second, as with brave people the work is first,
and the fee second."
In a word, every man toiling with hand or
head has the twofold ethical responsibility of
choosing his work well and of doing it well.
But in the special case of the literary toiler,
the essence of doing well is to be sincere, truth-
ful, and lofty of aim. If his work be done in
this spirit, he need feel no shame in accepting,
or even in stipulating for, its just reward,
whether he be a journalist or a historian, a
novelist or a poet. And if the time ever comes
when all work is done in this spirit, we shall
probably discover the existing social organiza-
tion, based upon private contract and the ut-
most individual freedom, to be the real Utopia
of which impatient idealists have been dream-
ing throughout the ages.
BENJAMIN JOWETT.
Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol College, Ox-
ford, died on the first of this month, at the age of
seventy-six. Born in 1817, he was educated, first
at St. Paul's School, then at the College with which
he has been ever since identified. He became a
scholar of Balliol in 1835, a fellow in 1838, and a
tutor in 1842. In 1855, Lord Palmerston appointed
him Regius Professor of Greek. In 1882 he was
elected Vice-Chancellor of the University. He was
distinguished both as a theologian and as a Greek
scholar. In the former capacity he wrote a com-
mentary upon certain of the Epistles, and contrib-
uted the paper "On the Interpretation of Scrip-
ture" to the famous volume of "Essays and Re-
views." It is as a theologian that he figures in Mr.
Mullock's clever satire," The New Republic," thinly
disguised under the name of Jenkinson. As a
Greek scholar he was one of the foremost of the
century. His translations of Thucydides, of the
"Politics" of Aristotle, and of Plato, are the best
English versions of those authors that we possess,
and may fairly be regarded as English classics, by
reason of their beautiful and idiomatic style. Of
his magnum opus, the translation of Plato, Profes-
sor Shorey wrote as follows upon the appearance
of the third edition last year:
"It is not given to every man to compose (in original or in
translation) five volumes of English prose of unfailing pro-
priety, lucidity, and charm, never deviating into vulgarity or
rhetoric, but always preserving as by Hellenic instinct the just
mean and the exquisite urbanity of the best literary society.
If we except the British Bible, it is probably safe to say that
no modern literature possesses any other translation of like
extent and literary excellence."
This quotation is taken from a review published by
Professor Shorey in the "American Journal of
Philology "— probably the most competent review,
with regard to both philology and philosophy, that
Jowett's work has received. We make a further
quotation upon the subject of Jowett's theory of
translation:
"All that he says in his preface about slavish conformity
to the original being the petty ambition of a schoolboy sounds
plausible enough, and might convince us, did not Munro's
Lucretius exist to prove that the most scrupulous conformity
to the original and a certain inevitableness in the rendering
of each and every word are quite compatible with an English
of the purest and noblest type. Ingenious, fluent, easy, are
the epithets we apply to Professor Jowett's renderings; we
should never, I think, call them inevitable. He himself ad-
mits that to reproduce the movement and feeling of the orig-
inal is the translator's ideal. But every scholar must feel
that he has sacrificed this to the fetich of an equable and con-
ventionable English style."
As for Jowett's own style, unfettered by the re-
quirements of translation, no more beautiful exam-
ple can be given than the passage in which he "re-
luctantly severs his lifelong communion with the
spirit of the greatest teacher who has ever appealed
to the reason of man." To the following lovely
end does he bring his account of the life and works
of Plato:
"And so, having brought into the world 'noble children,'
he rests from the labors of authorship. More than two thou-
sand two hundred years have passed away since he returned
to the place of Apollo and the Muses. Yet the echo of his
words continues to be heard among men, because of all phil-
osophers he has the most melodious voice. He is the inspired
prophet or teacher who can never die, the only one in whom
the outward form adequately represents the fair soul within j
in whom the thoughts of all who went before him are re-
flected and of all who come after him are partly anticipated.
Other teachers of philosophy are dried up and withered —
after a few centuries they have become dust; but he is fresh
and blooming, and is always begetting new ideas in the minds
of men. They are nne-sided and abstract; but he has many
sides of wisdom. Nor is he always consistent with himself,
because he is always moving onward, and knows that there
are many more things in philosophy than can be expressed in
words, and that truth is greater than consistency. He who
approaches him in the most reverent spirit shall reap most of
the fruit of his wisdom; he who reads him by the light of
ancient commentators will have the least understanding of
him.
"We may see him with the eye of the mind in the groves
of the Academy, or on the banks of the Ilissus, or in the
streets of Athens, alone or walking with Socrates, full of
those thoughts which have since become the common posses-
sion of mankind. Or we may compare him to a statue hid
away in some temple of Zeus or Apollo, no longer existing on
earth, a statue which has a look as of the Ood himself. Or
we may once more imagine him following into another state
of being the great company of heaven which he beheld of old
in a vision. So, 'partly trifling, but with a certain degree of
seriousness,' we linger around the memory of a world which
has passed away."
This brief memorial of Jowett would be incomplete
without a word concerning the man himself. One
of the most lovable of mortals, his personal in-
fluence was probably as important as that exerted
by his writings. For many years past the Oxford
colleges have known no more commanding presence
than his, and upon his associates of the last fifty
years he has impressed himself as few great men
have ever had the privilege of doing. In the En-
glish reviews of the coming weeks we may look for
many personal tributes to his memory, and from
them the world at large will come to learn something
of the man whom it has long revered as a scholar.


214
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
MB. GOSSIPS PUZZLE OVER POE.
Not long since, the readers of a New York liter-
ary journal were asked by its editors to name the
best ten American books. The list as finally made
out, or selected, by six hundred and thirty-two read-
ers, was as follows, with the number of votes given
each book: Emerson's Essays, 512; Hawthorne's
"Scarlet Letter," 493; Longfellow's Poems, 444;
Mrs. Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin," 434; Dr.
Holmes's "Autocrat," 388; Irving's "Sketch-
Book," 307; Lowell's Poems, 269; Whittier's Po-
ems; 256; Wallace's "Ben Hur," 250; Motley's
"Rise of the Dutch Republic," 246.
It will be seen that this list does not include the
name of Poe. Mr. Edmund W. Gosse, the British
I poet and critic, thinks the omission " extraordinary
'and sinister," and says that if he were an American
he would be inclined to call it disastrous. It makes
him wonder what is the standard of American style.
Poe he regards as our most perfect, most original,
most exquisite poet; while some of the writers in-
cluded in the list he had apparently never heard of.
The omission of Poe's name was certainly signif-
icant and does undoubtedly indicate that the taste
of our people demands in an author or a poet some-
thing more than mere literary genius; and it is
probably true that the world of readers generally
cares less and less for poets of the Poe, the Swin-
burne, the Rossetti type. Emerson did not admit
Poe in his " Parnassus," though he admitted other
American poets much less famous. Emerson's taste
in this respect was fairly representative of that of
his countrymen. Poe's literary genius, as such, was
undoubtedly of a high order, higher in some respects
than that of Whittier or Longfellow or Lowell; but
he was much less than these men in other important
respects. He had less heart, less soul, less sympathy,
— in fact, was far less as a man, a human being.
His work is interesting to poets and critics because
of its technical perfection and originality. It is not
imitative, it shows great mastery in fields where mas-
ters are rare. But back of his literary and artistic
talent what is there? Not a large, brotherly, helpful
man surely. Hardly any normal, healthful human
throb; hardly one valuable idea. Indeed, there is
not one crumb of the bread of life in Poe, not one line
that a man, as such, need read. His poems are liter-
ary feats—two of them quite extraordinary feats, it
is true. I mean "The Bells" and "The Raven."
This, it seems to me, is the best that can be said of
them ; while his famous " Annabel Lee" is to many
readers like sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal.
Poe, like Swinburne, was a verbal poet merely;
empty of thought, empty of sympathy, empty of
love for any real thing: a graceful and nimble
skater up and down over the deeps and shallows
of life,—deep or shallow, it was all the same to him.
Not one real thing did he make more dear to us
by his matchless rhyme; not one throb of the uni-
versal heart, not one flash of the universal mind,
did he seize and put in endearing form for his fel-
low men. Our band of New England poets have
helped enrich and ennoble human life; the world
is fairer, life is sweeter, because they lived and sang;
character, heroism, truth, courage, devotion, count
for more since Emerson and Longfellow and Whit-
tier and Lowell were inspired by these themes. I
am not complaining that Poe was not didactic: di-
dacticism is death to poetry. I am complaining
that he was not human and manly, and that he did
not touch life in any helpful and liberating way.
His poems do not lay hold of real things. I do not
find the world a more enjoyable or beautiful place
because he lived in it. I find myself turning to
his poems, not for mental or spiritual food, as I do
to Wordsworth or Emerson or Whitman, or for
chivalrous human sentiments as in Tennyson, but
to catch a glimpse of the weird, the fantastic, and,
as it were, of the night-side or dream-side of things.
"Yon are not wrong who deem
That my days have been a dream."
But the man whose days are a dream, no matter
with what skill he portrays his dream, will never
take deep hold upon men's hearts. Think of the
difference, for instance, between Burns and Poe.
We are drawn to Burns the man; he touches our
most tender and human side; his art does not oc-
cupy our attention. With Poe it is quite the re-
verse : we care nothing for the man, nothing for the
matter of his poems; his art alone seems important,
and elicits our admiration.
The full-blown professional literary critic, like
Mr. Gosse, disassociates literature from all human
or religious or scientific or personal values what-
ever. Its purely art value—its value as addressed
to our sense of form, of proportion, of music, of
color, etc., — alone counts. But with the mass of
readers, as I have said, this view counts less and less.
With the coming in of science, of democracy, of the
industrial age, there has come in a new spirit, which
demands of the book or the poem, What is it for?
what message has it for struggling, thinking men?
which mood and temper begot it? in short, what
ethical and human value has it? This spirit is not
insensible to the manner of the work, but it finds
the final value in the matter, and especially in the
man out of which the matter grew. Arnold's say-
ing that all good poetry is indirectly a criticism of
life, is a wise one. But more than two centuries
before him. Sir Thomas Elyot said that poetry was
the first philosophy, and that its chief office was to
teach men "how to live well." A French critic
and essayist was recently quoted in this journal as
saying that in France there is a growing belief that
letters " are not merely a relaxation, an amusement,
or a consolation, but that they ought to result in
some direct teaching and help to man, tracing for
him a line of Conduct in life." In other words, in
estimating a writer's work, verse as well as prose,
its moral and human value is to be taken into ac-
count—its value as thought, and its value as a stim-


1893.]
215
THE DIAL
ulus to high thinking and noble living. Art for
art's sake, in our age and country, sounds hollow
and mocking. Art for life's sake and for the soul's
sake, is the cry of the coming literature.
I would not undervalue Poe. He was a unique
genius. But I would account for his failure to deeply
impress his own countrymen, outside the prof essional
literary guild. His fund of love and sympathy
was small. He was not broadly related to his fel-
lows, as were Longfellow and Whi ttier and Whitman.
His literary equipment was remarkable; his human
equipment was not remarkable: hence his failure
to reach the general fame of the New England poets.
John Burroughs.
MR. IRVING'S SHYLOCK.
In none of Shakespeare's plays, probably, have
opinions concerning the fundamental idea of the
play and the nature of its leading character differed
more widely than in the case of " The Merchant of
Venice." Most of the German critics have consid-
ered the centre of gravity of the play to lie in Por-
tia's address to Mercy; Gervinus maintains that
the poet wished to delineate man's relation to pro-
perty; still more astonishing is the theory of Hebler
that the central thought is the struggle against ap-
pearances, and that Bassanio's speech when select-
ing the casket contains the key to the poem.
The actors have differed quite as much as the
critics in their interpretations of this play. When
"The Merchant of Venice" was first brought to
light again after the closing of the theatres by the Pu-
ritans, it had suffered such mutilation, changes, and
additions, as to be scarcely recognizable. One among
many adaptations was a musical masque by Lord
Lansdowne entitled "Peleus and Thetis," intro-
ducing a banqueting scene in which Shylock, seated
at a separate table, gave a toast to the god Money.
Strangely enough, this conception of the character,
designed specially to provoke the mirth of the au-
dience, held the boards for about a quarter of a
century. Not until nearly the middle of the eigh-
teenth century was popular taste sufficiently edu-
cated to give up its clown and welcome a revival
of a true Shylock uttering the great poet's own
words. It was Charles Macklin's performance that
again presented "the very Jew that Shakespeare
drew," and the date was the fifteenth of February,
1741,— a date truly memorable in the annals of
the English stage. After Macklin, no other great
Shylock appeared until Edmund Kean, who per-
sisted in making his dibut on the London stage in
this character. Until that night, Edmund Kean
had been a poor, obscure, insignificant actor; but
by his intuition and insistence —" Shylock or noth-
ing," he had said,— he not only saved his manager
from impending financial ruin, but, by a perform-
ance more electrifying and magnetic than Mack-
lin's, permanently established his own fame.
Since then many great actors have rivalled each
other in their interpretation of this wonderful char-
acter, our own generation having produced three
very pronounced types. In Edwin Booth we saw a
sordid and shabby old Jew, wearing but one sign of
wealth and power, a great ruby which glowed upon
his clutching finger. Moved more by avarice than
by revenge, the revengefulness arose from reasons
personal rather than racial. Shylock's greed to
"feed fat the ancient grudge" his bitterness in sum-
marizing his personal slights from Antonio, together
with his exultation over the fact that Antonio had
now come to him for help, were, in Mr. Booth's
presentation, the most forceful lines, the rest of the
play seeming to develop from these through the
agency of the events that precipitated the Jew to-
ward his defeated revenge.
Very different was the Shylock of Lawrence
Barrett. He avoided all shabby meanness, whether
of speech, or dress, or conduct. Tall, robed in a
black Jewish gaberdine bordered with red and
marked with a red cross on the elbow, moving
slowly and with dignity, Shylock's eager and crafty
nature was betrayed chiefly by the manner in which
his hands, richly-jewelled, clutched and twined up-
on his long knotted staff. A Shylock intense in feel-
ing, but restrained by habits of custom and remem-
brance of many hurts helplessly received, a pent-
up nature which allowed itself only guarded chances
to justify itself for its "lodged hate and certain
loathing," a sufferer who retained the dignity of old
age in his outward appearance, along with the
dignity of a rooted purpose too wise to unfold itself
abruptly even in the great trial scene,—these were
the main characteristics of Mr. Barrett's rendering.
Mr. Irving's performances of the past two weeks
in Chicago furnish occasion to inquire concerning
his contribution to the history of the stage-presenta-
tions of Shylock. It is said that he follows, in a
measure, the interpretation of Edmund Kean; but
we suspect that the character as rendered by Mr.
Irving is a much more complex one than would
have been conceived by a man of Eean's genera-
tion, or appreciated by Kean's audiences. Is it
saying too much for ourselves that, before the pres-
ent day, men were oblivious of the mixed influences
of heredity and environment which go to the mak-
ing of Irving's Shylock? Is it even going too far
to urge that only a community recently stirred as
. this has been by a Parliament of Religions would
be so ready to respond in sympathy with the repre-
sentative and scapegoat of a persecuted race?
Whatever the cause, certain it is that never before,
either by the stage or the printed page, has one
been so impressed with a sense of the shameful way
in which Shylock is baited and badgered, so filled
with sympathy at the end of the Trial for the broken
and ruined man who, for all his narrowness and sor-
didness and vindictiveness, is yet so clearly the vic-
tim of race prejudice and so-called religious zeal.
Whether Shakespeare intended to excite these
emotions in the spectator is a question quite apart;


216
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
it is not less but more honor to Shakespeare that
the nineteenth century man can read between his
lines some things that he himself may not have felt
in the writing.
Mr. Irving's Shylock is a character whose ruling
motive in life is to avenge the wrongs of his race,
wrongs which were committed long before the open-
ing of the play, long before he himself was born.
Chance throws Antonio into his power; and Anto-
nio, as the representative of the age-long persecu-
tion, shall pay the penalty. As it is the art of the
great dramatist to introduce all his leading charac-
ters very early in his play, to foreshadow his plot
very early in the story, so it is the art of the great
actor to convey very soon and unmistakably the
impression of the character he intends. We get
our clue to Mr. Irving's Shylock at his first appear-
ance on the stage, where every accent and modula-
tion and pause are made to give force to that won-
derful summary of his wrongs, ending,—
"What should I say to you? Should I not say
'Hath a dog money f Is it possible
A cur can lend three thousand ducats f' Or
Shall I bend low, and in a bondman's key,
With bated breath and whispering humbleness,
Say this:
'Fair sir, yon spet on me on Wednesday last;
Ton spurn'd me such a day; another time
Yon caU'd me dog; and for these COURTESIES
I'll lend you thus much moneys ?'"
Again, the actor's art is quite as apparent by the
passages he subordinates as by those he emphasizes.
In the beginning of the third act, Shylock passes
through many various emotions: his daughter has
flown, taking with her his ducats and his jewels,
he would that she were dead at his foot, so that the
jewels were in her ear; Antonio has lost an argosy
at sea; Jessica has parted with his wife's ring in
barter for a monkey. The old actors made much
of the conflicting emotions here, especially of Shy-
lock's joy when he suddenly learns of Antonio's
losses. Edwin Booth in playing this scene stood at
the back of the stage when he heard these tidings.
Flinging his arms over his head, he came stagger-
ing down in mighty strides to the footlights; sob-
bing in a delirium of revengeful joy, and throwing
himself into Tubal's arms, he cried aloud, " I thank
God I I thank God! Is it true? is it true?"
When Irving hears the same news he is stand-
ing by the side of his friend. There is an inartic-
ulate moan; a moment's hesitation, as if doubting
the truth of the report; an eager, tremulous grasp-
ing of both Tubal's hands; but the actual words,
"Is it true? is it true?" are scarcely heard. Booth
expressed one overmastering passion; Irving sug-
gests the complex passions of the Hebrew's heart.
When the scene is ended, it is not these words that
ring in the memory so much as the tremendous
logic by which he has justified himself for his in-
tention to exact his bond. It is hard to fancy any
higher reach of the dramatic art than the repressed
but cumulative force of the questions,—
"Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, di-
mensions, senses, affections, passions? fed with the same
food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same dis-
eases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the
same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us,
do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you
poison us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not
revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble
you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humil-
ity? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his
sufferance be, by Christian example? Why, revenge."
Certainly no one who has heard it will be likely
soon to forget the tone and gesture with which Mr.
Irving concludes, —
"The villany you teach me, I will execute; and it shall go
hard but I will better the instruction."
No monster this, but a fellow human being,
goaded, stung, outraged, until patience has ceased
to be admirable, and revenge seems almost a virtue.
Mr. Irving's Shylock never raves, but it is at this
point that his suppressed and consummate hate
comes nearest to violent outbreak; it is all the more
effective because of his usual self-control; after this,
it is impossible to regard him merely as a disgust-
ing miser, destitute of ordinary human feelings, but
as a type of natural sufferings and antipathies
produced by a bitter sense of long-continued wrong.
No possible opportunity is lost to strengthen this
conviction in the audience. An action, slight in
itself, but tremendous in effect, is introduced into
the trial scene. Bassanio stands before Shylock
with hands extended, saying,
"For thy three thousand ducats, here is six."
Shylock approaches him. The short, sharp knife
which he holds in his hand is raised; three times a
measured, ringing blow falls on the coins, before he
answers, calmly but inflexibly : —
"If every ducat in six thousand ducats
Were in six parts, and every part a ducat,
I would not draw them; I would have my bond."
Yes, Shylock is cruel. Mr. Irving's interpreta-
tion does not blind us to that fact; but it does open
our eyes to the wrongs that have been inflicted and
continue to be inflicted in the name of the Christian
religion ; it does set us to thinking anew concerning
the manner in which the individual becomes largely
the product of his environment; it does lead us to
ask ourselves what blame we shall dare attach to a
man who, although sinning, has also been severely
sinned against; it does force us to inquire whether
the same old spirit still survives and whether it does
not rather savor of hatred of the Jew than of love
of the Nazarene. Anna B. McMahan.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
THE EAST AND THE WEST, ONCE MORE.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I have just read your editorial on "The Literary
West," in The Dial of October 1, with the more interest
that I had shortly before read Mr. Hamlin Garland's
article in the last "Forum" on the same subject. I am
a good Westerner, but I confess to having less interest


1893.]
217
THE DIAL
in this discussion than in a question which lies deeper,
and is, I suspect, fundamental to it. That question con-
cerns the relative importance of substance and form in
literary production. Is our coming literature to be
chiefly a medium of instruction, of moral impulse and
inspiration, or of mere aesthetic or intellectual enjoy-
ment? Is it to be dominated most by the living in-
stincts of those who write and those who read, or by
the so-called art-spirit? What is the true proportion
between this art-spirit and a more didactic purpose?
.In a word, how real and strong and vital are we willing
our literature should become?
The West is more receptive and more practical than
the East, while the East is more finished and cautious
than the West. The literary consciousness of the West,
as represented in a writer like Mr. Garland, is pro-
foundly stirred by those new ideals which demand a
larger thought and life-content in literature, which would
make it the servant of humanity's most pressing needs,
using it to stimulate thought, elevate social conditions
and standards, sweeten and ennoble life all round. This
is a sound and worthy ambition, which must sooner or
later realize itself in all the schools; but it is as easy
to fall into a dogmatic and partisan spirit in the asser-
tion of higher claims and possibilities here as elsewhere.
It seems to me that Mr. Garland's enthusiastic advo-
cacy of the merits of one geographical section is colored
by suspicion and hostility toward another. As a Wes-
terner again, "methinks he doth protest too much." I
would rather wait for our peculiar merits to reveal
themselves to Eastern recognition and to the world's
recognition than join in the ardent advance proclama-
tion of voices that, despite their high and generous ring,
betray a tone of self-interest. I sympathise with much
of The Dial's discontent over the kind of criticism the
West often suffers from the East, but I am sometimes
more discouraged by our friends' replies to these criti-
cisms than by the critics themselves. Whatever wins
here, it will not be the spirit of self-assertion.
Mr. Garland belongs to that class of writers, of which
Helen Gardiner is a still more marked example, who
care more about life than about any theories of the art
which seeks to express and represent life: a choice wisely
made from both the moralist's and artist's point of view,
entirely consonant with the best modern tendencies.
Nevertheless, it is as true now as it ever was that liter-
ature is an art, and can live oidy as it embodies itself
in beautiful and imperishable forms. Exclusive atten-
tion to form will not secure this imperishability except
as literary relic and curio; but neither will mere atten-
tion to motive and substance secure it, as some of our
literary didacticians seem to think. The novel may
well be made the mouthpiece of a great idea, unveiling
some social wrong or abuse, stimulating men to clearer
thinking and better living; but unless in serving this
immediate and particular aim it observes a higher loy-
alty to rules of wider scope relating to life on its uni-
versal plane, unless it is as true to life as a whole as to
the special phase it attempts to portray, the book must
fail as literature, however it may deserve to live as po-
lemics and moral argument.
This new contention between the East and the West
bears too many marks of a family quarrel — that sad-
dest of all family quarrels where the older and younger
members are at strife. It is unseemly, and should
end. It is, however, less a downright struggle for pre-
cedence than a natural disagreement between age and
experience on the one hand and youth and the spirit of
adventure on the other. The East stands loyally by its
acquired results; it likes the old patterns, and is too
prone to be satisfied with things as they are. The West
has no acquired results, wholly its own,— let us be hon-
est and admit this,—any more than it has results
wholly its own in its political laws or institutions; but it
has rapidly-acquiring results in all fields. The Dial is
right in saying that there is no justifiable use of the
terms " Eastern " and " Western " in this connection ex-
cept as regards the subject-matter; but even this dis-
tinction fails too often to establish a rule. The writings
of Mrs. Catherwood and Octave Thauet of the West,
and of Egbert Craddock of the South, have the same
literary flavor as those of Mr. Aldrich and Miss Jewett.
They belong equally to the Atlantic school, if there is
such a school. It is this literary flavor, impossible to de-
fine, but as sweet and pungent and lasting as the scent
of sandal-wood, which we almost invariably miss in the
writer who proudly avows he has only an ethical pur-
pose to serve. It is time to drop the use of terms that
are only confusing and irritating. Those standards of
literary worth established in the name and fame of a
few men of New England descent are American and
national. Does anyone think of Emerson or Lowell as
an "Easterner "? Let us accept the inheritance here
offered, proudly and gratefully, as we accept that other
inheritance bestowed in teachings of Jefferson and the
Adamses.
I cannot but think our Eastern friends behave as well
as we do in this matter; if they have betrayed some
ignorance and prejudice in what they have said of us,
they have also covered us with praise and unaffected
admiration, especially during this World's Fair year; and
this praise has been bestowed not only on the marvel-
lous exhibit at Jackson Park, but on achievements of a
different order connected with our remarkable series of
Congresses. Words of highest eulogium have been
spoken of the mental activity of Chicago and the Mid-
dle West, accompanied with expressiou of envious ad-
miration for the freedom and breadth that mark life
everywhere in this newer region.
Power, Opportunity, Freedom, these are the words of
large and lasting import in which the general verdict
at home and abroad clothes its loving prophecy of us.
Shall we then complain because along with such meas-
ure of faith and applause we are sometimes rebuked
and laughed at for the sins of haste and self-sufficiency,
the errors and misdemeanors of youth? Do we not
know we have been guilty of such sins and errors, that
we are guilty of them still? There is no better sign of
maturity than the power to estimate aright our neigh-
bor's virtues and our own faults. The West has not
yet outgrown all self-delusion in this respect, but she
will outgrow it, and then the period of self-glorification
will have passed away. Celia Parker Woollkt.
Geneva, III., Oct. 5, 1893.
THE GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF
TOMFOOLERY.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Every self-respecting writer and scholar in the West
owes The Dial hearty thanks for its defence of them
against the literary tomfooleries and gaucheries which
too often are supposed to represent" the Literary West."
If those critics who live nearer the sunrise could be
persuaded to leave out geography in their admiration
of these crudities it would be a distinct gain for the


218
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
whole country. Literary tomfoolery ought not to be in-
teresting simply because it comes from the interior. Yet
it is made interesting for that very reason by the conde-
scending Eastern critic, who persists in regarding it as
delightfully characteristic of the West. I am not sure,
however, that American literature will have no geo-
graphical traits. Such traits are obvious enough in
British letters; and American literature—the best of it
— is sharply accentuated as American. We might re-
taliate, if we were not magnanimous; worthless stuff is
printed by uncultured aspirants east of the Alleghanies.
What if we treated that as Eastern literature? And
yet I suppose we shall have to take our medicine in
this grace of condescension; New England and New
York took it in their turn, and England and Scotland
in their turn. What chiefly is new in this matter is the
geographical importance of literary tomfoolery, which
is foisted on people who abhor it, and is made to repre-
sent people who are ashamed of it. Their precise griev-
ance is the potency of tomfoolery. The rest of it—the
gracious and unctuous condescension — we can stand,
until our best work commands a more respectful atti-
tude. Our penance will be ended, probably, before
A.D. 1925. D H w
Chicago, Oct. 10, 1893.
A PARDONABLE FORGETTING.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
An American can learn what prepositions are used
in British English after born, before the names of towns
and cities, by examining the "Dictionary of National
Biography," edited by Mr. Leslie Stephen and Mr. Sid-
ney Lee. The biographical sketches in it are so numer-
ous, and the writers of them are of such various occu-
pations and antecedents, that, concerning this point, the
Dictionary may be regarded as a very trustworthy re-
flection of educated British usage. Before most towns
and cities at is used in this dictionary after born,— as,
born at Worcester, at Penzance, at Sheffield, at Salis-
bury; but in is used before London.
"Browne, Sir Thomas (1605-1682), physician and author,
was born in London. . . ."
"Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, first Earl of Lytton
(1831-1891), . . . was born in London. . . ."
"Abbott, Charles Stuart Aubrey, third Lord Tenterden
■ . . was born in London. . . ."
"He [Sir William a' Beckett] was born in London. . . ."
Before Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dublin, and
some important foreign cities, at or in is used — at, per-
haps, oftener than in, but in very often.
"De Lane, Solomon, . . . born at Edinburgh." "Dar-
ling, James, . . . was born in Edinburgh." "Grant, Sir
Francis, . . . born in Edinburgh."- -" Davidson, Alexan-
der Dyce, D.D., . . . was born in Aberdeen." "Finlay,
Kirkman (1773-1842), . . . was born in Glasgow."
"Macalister, Arthur, . . . born in Glasgow." "Maccabe,
William Bernard, . . . was born of Roman Catholic parents
in Dnblin." "McCabe, Edward [same page], . . . born
at Dublin." "De Cort, Henry Francis, . . . was born at
Antwerp." "Decker, Sir Matthew, . . . born in Amster-
dam."
I will add some other instances of the use of in after
born, noted in the course of a half-hour's search in a
small library.
"Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin in the year 1667."
(William Edward Hartpole I^cky, "The Leaders of Public
Opinion in Ireland," New York, 1883, p. 1.)
"... Swift was born in Dublin. . . ." (Thackeray,
"The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century," Lon-
don, 1869, p. 136.)
"With the exception of Wordsworth and Shelley, all our
principal poets were either born in London, or made it their
home." (Frederic Harrison, "The Choice of Books," etc.,
London, 1886, "Historic London," p. 241.)
"Henri Perreyve was born in Paris April, 1831." (Philip Gil-
bert Hamerton, "Modern Frenchmen," London, 1887, p. 109.)
"Gotthold Ephraim Leasing was born on January 22,1729,
in Kamenz, a small town in Upper Lusatia. . . ." (Jama*
Sime, "Lessing," Boston, 1877, p. 20.)
"Born in London, Oct. 19. 1005." (W. A. Greenhill, " Sir
Thomas Browne's Religio Medici," etc., London, 1881, Chron-
ological Table, p. xxv.)
"Gozzoli, Benozzo . . . was born in Florence." ("En-
cyclopedia Britannica," Ninth Ed.) "Hall or Halle, Ed-
ward, . . . was born in London." lib.) "Hamilton, Sir
William, Bart was born in Glasgow." (lb.) Ham-
ilton, Sir William Rowan, was born in Dublin." (lb.)
"Decamps, Alexander Gabriel, . . . was born in Paris." (lb.)
"The life of Edmund Spenser has few incidents and little
certainty. He tells us he was born in London, near the Tower
. . ." (G. W. Kitchin, Introduction to "Book I. of The
Faery Qneene," Oxford, 1881, p. v.).
For the purpose of showing that a word or its employ-
ment is not peculiarly American, the quotations cited
above are as good evidence as if they were taken from
the writings of Cardinal Newman or Matthew Arnold.
But Dr. Fitzedward Hall, in a letter published in
"The Academy," March 25, 1893, under the headline
"The American Dialect," cites, as one among numerous
examples of " indefensible " Americanisms, this sentence:
"Benjamin Franklin . . . was born in Boston." Dr.
Hall brings forward this and many other quotations from
an American schoolbook for the purpose of illustrating
"locutions which go far to realize finished debasement."
However, we have seen that British usage requires the
employment of in after 5orn before London, and per-
mits its use before the names of other large cities,— at
least before the names of other large cities not in En-
gland. The only thing questionable, then, in "born in
Boston " is whether in is properly used before Boston
little as well as Boston big,— whether, in other words,
a writer should distinguish by the preposition chosen
the rather insignificant Boston that was Franklin's birth-
place from the populous Boston of later years. What
perplexities would beset writers of biography who tried
to make such a distinction general, may be imagined.
Fancy the application of a similar test of correctness to
the at's and in's of authors writing about the Middle
Ages. But without pressing this further, surely we
may say that it is pardonable in Americans to forget
for a moment the taper beginning of a city that has
long held so large a place in their minds.
Since an early day American usage lias been unset-
tled as to the preposition employed after 6orn.
"... he [Franklin] was born at Boston ..." (William
Smith, D.D., "Eulogium delivered March 1, 1791, in Phila-
delphia, before both Houses of Congress, and the American
Philosophical Society," London, 1792. J
Does this at reflect Philadelphian jealousy?
"I was born in Boston, in New England." (Benjamin
Franklin, " Memoirs," etc. [3 vols., London, 1818], vol. i., p. 5.)
There is not space here for the examination of Dr.
Hall's opinions concerning the growth of an American
dialect. That the widely spread English speech will
eventually separate into distinct dialects, British, Amer-
ican, Australian, African, etc., I have no doubt.
R. O. Williams.
New Haven, Conn., October 7,1S9S.


1893.]
219
THE DIAL
Wt)t Nefo -Books.
Old-Time Days in New England.*
In her " Customs and Fashions in Old New
England," Alice Morse Earle has given us a
readable and a very serviceable book. It is not-
ably free from padding, the extracts and ex-
amples are well chosen and well ordered, and
the running commentary is pithy and shows on
occasion much appreciation of the quaint hu-
mors of Puritan life. A fair notion of the
range and tenor of the volume may be formed
from topical headings under which the text is
divided. These are: "Child Life," "Court-
ship and Marriage Customs," "Domestic Ser-
vice," "Home Interiors," "Table Plenishings,"
«' Larder Supplies," " Holidays," " Diversions,"
««Books and Book-Makers," "Doctors and
Patients," " Artifices of Handsomeness," "Fu-
neral and Burial Customs." The work through-
out shows painstaking research and logical
methods; and while its chief end is perhaps en-
tertainment, its copious extracts from original
records will be found of practical value.
Someone observed of Bacon and Des Cartes
that it was their prime merit in philosophy to
have begun at the beginning. Mrs. Earle has
also begun at the beginning. Her took opens
with a summary of the woes of the Puritan
baby; and when we add that it closes with a
collection of Puritan epitaphs, it will be seen
that the ground is gone over pretty thoroughly.
Infancy in Old New England was not, on the
author's showing, a halcyon period. "From
the time," she says, "when the Puritan baby
opened his eyes in bleak New England he had
a Spartan struggle for life." The struggle
seems to have begun with baptism, and this
ceremony was regularly performed on the Sun-
day following the child's birth. As Mrs. Earle
feelingly observes:
"When we consider the chill and gloom of those un-
heated, freezing churches, growing colder and damper
with every wintry blast — we wonder that grown per-
sons even could bear the exposure. Still more do we
marvel that tender babes ever lived through their cruel
winter christenings, when it is recorded that the ice had
to be broken in the christening-bowl. . . . One cruel
parson believed in and practised infant immersion,
fairly a Puritan torture, until his own child nearly lost
its life thereby."
The mortality among infants, we learn, was
appallingly large. Of Judge Samuel Sewall's
fourteen children but three survived him, a ma-
• Customs and Fashions in Old Nkw England. By
Alice Morse Earle. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
jority dying in infancy; while of his friend
Cotton Mather's fifteen children " but two sur-
vived their father." While these facts are sig-
nificant, we are scarcely prepared to admit,
what our author darkly hints, that this early
mortality was largely the result of premature
baptism. It is not unlikely, however, that the
dangerous coalition of cold water, cold church,
and cold parson found an occasional victim.
If the child survived baptism, it had other
perils to face in the shape of various strange
nostrums of the day, among which we note our
old friend " Daffy's Elixir "—favorably known
to colonial Mrs. Gamps as an effectual stu-
pefier. Second in fame to the "Elixir" was
a choice compound known as " snail-water";
and we may add parenthetically (on the author-
ity of Mrs. Earle) that snails formed the basis
or main ingredient of many colonial remedies.
Children were, of course, the chief victims; and
the number of snails that a well-regulated Puri-
tan baby swallowed in the course of a year seems
to have been something prodigious. Says Mrs.
Earle: "I should fancy that snails must have
been almost exterminated in the near vicinity
of towns, so largely were they sought for and
employed medicinally." We subjoin the form-
ula most favored for this strange medicament:
"The admirable and most famous Snail water.—
Take a peck of garden Slid Snails, wash them well in
Small Beer, and put them in an oven till they have
done making a Noise, then take them out and wipe
them well from the green froth that is upon them, and
bruise them shels and all in a Stone Mortar, then take
a Quart of Earthworms, scowre them with salt, slit
them, and wash well with water from their filth, and in
a stone Mortar beat them in pieces, then lay in the bot-
tom of your distilled pot Angelica two handfuls, and
two handfuls of Celandine upon them, to which put two
quarts of Rosemary flowers, Bearsfoot, Agrimony, red
Dock roots, Bark of Barberries, Betony wood Sorrel of
each two handfuls, Rue one handful; then lay the Snails
and Worms on the top of the hearbs and flowers, then
pour on three Gallons of the Strongest Ale, and let it
stand all night, in the morning put in three ounces of
Cloves beaten, sixpennywortli of beaten Saffron, and on
top of them six ounces of shaved Hartshorne, then set
on the Limbeck, and close it with paste and so re-
ceive the water by pintes, which will be nine in all, the
first is the strongest, whereof take in the morning two
spoonfuls in four spoonfuls of small Beer, the like in
the Afternoon."
Of course Puritan childhood was not, figur-
atively speaking, all mid-winter baptism and
snail-water. That it had its flowers and its sun-
shine (both perhaps a little wintry), our au-
thor's interesting chapter on " Child Life " at-
tests. There were, too, children's books in
those early days, most of them, it is true, of
the severely "improving," not to say peniten-


220
[Oot. 16,
THE DIAL
tial, order. Modern children, familiar with the
tales of Mr. Henty, Mrs. Burnett, Miss Bouvet,
etc., would scarcely relish, say, John Cotton's
"Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes in Either England:
Drawn out of the Breasts of both Testaments for their
Souls Nourishment. But may be of like Use to Any
Children."
Or the much extolled
"A Token for Children Being the exact account of
the Conversion & Holy & Exemplary Lives of several
Young Children by James Janeway."
Or Cotton Mather's
"Some examples of Children in whom the fear of
God was remarkably Budding before they died; in sev-
eral parts of New England."
Less serious were the books in the list pub-
lished in 1787 by Isaiah Thomas. Here we find
such cheerful titles as " Tom Jones Abridged,"
"Peregrine Pickle Abridged," "The Sugar
Plum," etc.; while another advertisement of the
same date contains, among the books for misses,
the veryun-Puritanical titles "The Elopement,"
"The Passionate Lovers," " Original Love Let-
ters," and " Six Dialogues of Young Misses Re-
lating to Matrimony."
In her amusing chapter on "Courtship and
Marriage Customs," Mrs. Earle observes:
"In the early days of the New England colonies no
more embarrassing or hampering condition, no greater
temporal ill, could befall any adult Puritan than to be
unmarried. What could he do, how could he live, in
that new land, without a wife?"
To the normal and general evils of celibacy
Puritanism added special and local ones. A
multiplicity of legal and social penalties and
discouragements were levelled against bache-
lorhood. The bachelor was a " suspect" before
the law, a pariah, an intruder, a persona non
grata in the social circle. Overlooking the
facts that the bachelor habit, once contracted,
is hard to shake off, and that in nine cases out
of ten the bachelor himself is the last one to
blame for his condition, the Puritan *Solous
proceeded against him with inquisitorial sever-
ity. He was seldom permitted to live alone or
to choose his own residence, but had to live
wherever and with whomsoever the Court
pleased. In Hartford he was regularly brought
up and fined twenty shillings a week on princi-
ple—a most arbitrary proceeding. Everywhere
he was under the spying and tattling super-
vision of the constable, the watchman, and the
tithing-man, who diligently reported (and doubt-
less perverted) his "scircumstances and con-
uersation." In Eastham a law was passed that
"Every unmarried man in the township shall kill six
blackbirds or three crows while he remains single; as a
penalty for not doing it, shall not be married until he
obey this order."
The logic of this ornithological enactment is
not apparent. As bachelors who were proof
against penalties might possibly yield to in-
ducements, certain towns held out" incurridge-
ment" to wedlock in the form of home-lots to
build upon. These were assignable upon mar-
riage; and the author records that "in Med-
field there was a so-called Bachelors' Row, which
had been thus assigned."
"Old Maids " were, we regret to learn, also
under the colonial ban, though they came off
more lightly, perhaps owing to the fact that
their sex is debarred from the matrimonial in-
itiative. "The state of old-maidism," says the
author, "was reached at a very early age in
those early days; Higginson wrote of an 'an-
tient maid' of twenty-five years." John Dun-
ton, in his " Life and Errors," thus defends an
ideal member of the maligned sisterhood:
"It is true an old (or superanuated) Maid in Boston is
thought such a curse, as nothing can exceed it (and looked
on as a dismal spectacle) yet she by her good nature,
gravity, and strict virtue convinces all (so mnch as the
fleering Beaus) that it is not her necessity but her choice
that keeps her a Virgin. She is now about thirty years
(the age which they call a Thornoack) yet she never
disguises herself, and talks as little as she thinks, of
Love. She never reads any Plays or Romances, goes
to no Balls or Dancing-match (as they do who go to such.
Fairs) to meet with Chapmen. Her looks, her speech,
her whole behavior are so very chaste, that but once
(at Governor's Island, where we went to be merry at
roasting a hog) going to kiss her, I thought she would
have blushed to death. . . . But as the Damsel I have
been describing would neither anticipate or contradict
the will of her Parents, so do I assure you she is against
Forcing her own, by marrying where she cannot love;
and that is the reason she is still a Virgin."
While strongly encouraging wedlock, Puri-
tanism took due care, however, that it was not
rashly contracted. In the sight of the law, in-
considerate courting was only a shade better
than no courting at all. Hard indeed was the
lot of the swain who ventured on love-making
without first obtaining the sanction of parents
or guardians. "Fines, imprisonment, or the
whipping-post awaited him, did he 'inveigle
the affections of any maide or maide-servantr
by making love to her without proper author-
ity." Numberless examples, says Mrs. Earle,
might be given to prove that this law was no
dead letter. In 1647, in Stratforde, one Will
Colefoxe was fined £5 for " laboring to invegle
the affection of Write his daughter." In 1672
Jonathan Coventry of Plymouth town was in-
dicted for " making a motion of marriage" to
Katherine Dudley without obtaining formal
permission.
"The Governor of Plymouth colony, Thomas Prence,
did not hesitate to drag his daughter's love affairs be-


1893.]
221
THE DIAL
fore the public, in 1660, by prosecuting Arthur Hub-
bard for' disorderly and unrighteously endeavouring to
gain the affections of Mistress Elizabeth Prence.' The
unrighteous lover was fined £5. Seven years later, pa-
tient Arthur, who would not 'refrain and desist,' was
again fined the same amount; but love prevailed over
law, and he triumphantly married his fair Elizabeth a
few months later. The marriage of a daughter with an
unwelcome swain was also often prohibited by will,
'not to suffer her to be circumvented and cast away
upon a swaggering gentleman.'"
It is needless to say that Puritan maids
sometimes sided with their unsanctioned lovers.
The remarkable case of Sarah Tuttle is in
point.
"On May day in New Haven in 1660, she went to the
house of a neighbor, Dame Murline, to get some thread.
Some very loud jokes were exchanged between Sarah
and her friends Maria and Susan Murline — so loud, in
fact, that Madame Murline testified in court that it
'much distressed her and put her in a sore strait.' In
the midst of all this doubtful fun Jacob Murline en-
tered, and seizing Sarah's gloves, demanded the cen-
turies-old forfeit of a kiss. 'Whereupon,' writes the
scandalized Puritan chronicler,' they sat down together;
his arm being around her; and her arm upon his
shoulder or about his neck; and hee kissed her, and shee
kissed him, or they kissed one another, continuing in
this posture about half an hour, as Maria and Susan tes-
tified.' Goodman Tuttle, who was a man of dignity and
importance, angrily brought suit against Jacob for in-
veigling bis daughter's affections; 'but Sarah being
asked in court if Jacob inveagled her, said No.' This
of course prevented any rendering of judgment against
the unauthorized kissing by Jacob, and he escaped the
severe punishment of his offence. But the outraged
and baffled court fined Sarah, and gave her a severe lec-
ture, calling her with justice a ' Bould Virgin.' She at
the end, demurely and piously answered that 'She
hoped God would help her to carry it Better for time
to come.' And doubtless she did carry it better; for at
the end of two years, this bold virgin's fine for unruly
behavior being still unpaid, half of it was remitted."
From the interesting chapter on " Books and
Book-Makers" our remaining space allows us
a few skimmings. There was, says Mrs. Earle,
no calling more reputable and profitable in
early colonial days than the trade of book-sell-
ing, which then included publishing. John
Dunton, who landed in Boston in 1686, thus
eulogizes the four book-sellers which that city
then boasted: Mr. Phillips was "very just,
very thriving, young, witty," and the "most
Beautifull man in the town of Boston " withal;
Mr. Brunning (or Browning) was a " complete
book-seller, generous and trustworthy "—a man
who would promote a good book whoever
printed it; Mr. Campbell was " very industri-
ous, dresses All-a-mode [sic], and I am told
a young lady of Great Fortune is fallen in love
with him"; of Mr. Usher, the fourth book-
dealer, Dunton asserts that "He makes the
best figure in Boston. He is very rich, adven-
tures much to sea, but has got his estate by
Book selling." Usher, it is recorded, died
worth £20,000—a large sum at that time. As
nine-tenths of the authors were ministers, and
the publishers were all deacons, the church had
a sort of monopoly of the trade. Book-print-
ing, too, was an honored calling.
"The first machine for the craft and mystery of print-
ing was set up at Cambridge in 1639, and for twenty-
three years the president of Harvard College was re-
sponsible for its performances. Then official licensers
were appointed to control its productions, and not till a
decade of years before the Declaration of Independence
were legal restraints removed from the colonial press."
The first printer in the colony, Steeven Day,
was, Mrs. Earle thinks,"about as bad a printer
as ever lived, as his work in the Bay Psalm-
Book proves." Nor were Steeven's shortcom-
ings solely of a professional nature. He spent
a term in the county jail, and seems, on the
whole, to have been a sore trial to the godly
ministers, his business associates. The second
colonial printer " had to sleep in a cask after he
landed"; and the third printer, one Johnson,
having left a wife in England, was prudently
bound over by the Court not to " invegle " the
affections of the daughter of printer number
two.
Dunton, who was a book-seller, took back to
England but £400; and he gives the Boston
Yankees a very bad name in commercial deal-
ings:
"There is no trading for a stranger with them but
with a Grecian Faith which is not to part with your own
ware without ready Money; for they are generally very
backward in their payments; great censors about other
Mens manner but Extremely Careless about their own.
When you are dealing with 'em you must look upon 'em
as at cross purposes and read 'em like Hebrew back-
ward; for they seldom speak & mean the same tiling
but like the Watermen Look one way and row another."
JosseJyn gave them no better name, saying:
"Their leading men are damnable rich, inexplicably
covetous and proud; like Ethiopians, white in the teeth
only; full of ludification and injurious dealing."
In the early days of American book-making
there were no native novels:
"The first book deserving the appellation that was
printed in New England was 'intituled'' The Power of
Sympathy, or the Triumph of Nature—A Novel founded
on Truth and dedicated to the Young Ladies of Amer-
ica.' It appeared in 1789. Four years later came • The
Helpless Orphan, or The Innocent Victim of Revenge,'
and then 'The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Whar-
ton.'
Colonial " authoresses " were rare—perhaps
owing to the prevalence of sentiments thus ex-
pressed by Governor Winthrop:


222
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
P " The Governor of Hartford upon Connecticut came
to Boston, and brought his wife with him (a godly young
woman and of special parts) who was fallen into a sad
infirmity, the loss of her understanding and reason
which had been growing upon her divers years by occa-
sion of her giving herself wholly to reading and writing,
and had written many books. Her husband being very
loving and tender of her, was loath to grieve her; but
he saw his error when it was too late. For if she had
attended her household affairs, and such things as be-
long to women, and not gone out of her way and call-
ing to meddle in such things as are proper for men,
whose minds are stronger, etc., she had kept her wits,
and might have improved them usefully and honorably in
the place God had set her."
The relations between publishers and au-
thors, and between publishers and the public,
seem to have been "most friendly." There
was much bandying of compliments — as may
be gathered from the following announcements :•
"A New Edition of the really beautiful & senti-
mental Novel Arinine and Elvira Is this day published
price 9d sewed in blue paper. To the Ladies in partic-
ular and others the lovers of Sentiment and Foetick
Numbers this Novel is recommended, to them it will
afford a delightful Repast. To others it is not an ob-
ject."
"For the pleasing entertainment of the Polite Part
of Mankind I have printed the most beautiful Poems of
Mr. Stephen Duck the famous Wiltshire Poet. It is a
full Demonstration to me that the People of New En-
gland have a fine Taste for good Sense and polite Learn-
ing having already sold 1200 of these Poems."
"Tis said with truth by a secret but ingenious New
England minister that no town is so worthy the vendue
of this pleasing book as these polite gentlemen and gen-
tlewomen to whom it will be on Friday offered."
A public must be hard-hearted indeed to with-
stand such blandishments!
Authors (if not" authoresses ") were treated
with respect-—nay, with encouragement. They
were even urged to write — as this advertise-
ment, from the "New England Weekly Jour-
nal" of March, 1728, attests:
"There is now preparing for the Press, and may upon
Suitable Encouragement be communicated to the Pub-
lick, a Miscellany of Poems of Severall Hands and upon
severall occasions some of which have already been Pub-
lished and received the Approbation of the best Judges
with many more very late performances of equal if not
superior Beauty which have never yet seen the Light;
if therefore any Ingenious Gentlemen are disposed to
contribute towards the erecting of a Poetickal Monu-
ment for the honour of This Country Either by their
Generous Subscriptions or Composures, they are desired
to convey them to Mr. Daniel Henchman or the Publisher
of this Paper by whom they will be received with Can-
dour and Thankfulness."
Boston had a public library at a very early
day. By 1673 bequests had been made to such
an institution, and consignments for it had been
received from London book-sellers. The Prince
library, the first large American book collec-
tion, was started by Thomas Prince in 1703,
and deserved, says the author, " more gratitude
and more care than it received at modern
hands." But many towns had no public libra-
ries, and there was, hence, much friendly inter-
change of books among neighbors. That the col-
onial book-borrower did not vary notably from
the original type may be gathered from adver-
tisements of the period. Here is a pleasantly
naive one from the "Boston News Letter" of
July 7, 1712:
"A certain Person having lent two Books viz; Rush-
worths Collections & Fullers Holy War & forgotten
unto whom; These are desiring the Borrower to be so
kind as to return said Books unto Owner."
In the " Connecticut Courant" we find this sar-
castic notice:
"The gentleman who took the second volume of Ba-
cons Abridgement from Mr. David Balls bedroom on
the 18th of November would do well to return it to the
owner whose name he will find on the 15th Page. If
he choose rather to keep it the owner wishes him to call
and take the rest of the set."
Another Connecticut borrower is mildly asked
to " return the 3rd Vol. of Don Quixote & take
the 4th instead if he chuse." Mrs. Earle finds
that Connecticut folk were especially given " to
this slipshod fashion of promiscuous and unli-
censed book-borrowing." In some advertise-
ments it is even darkly hinted that " specifica-
tions of books long lent have been given " (pro-
bably to the sheriff); while one ungallant soul
fiercely advertised for " the she-person that bor-
rowed Mr. Thomas Brown's Works from a gen-
tleman she is well acquainted with."
Mrs. Earle has brought together in compact
and logical form a variety of facts hitherto scat-
tered and more or less difficult of access. As
a concise account of domestic manners in Old
New England we know of no better book.
E. G. J.
Russia and the Russians as Seen
Through Friendly Eyes.*
The eminent French scholar and economist,
Mr. Leroy-Beaulieu, has travelled extensively
in Russia, and has embodied the result of his
studies and observations in three ponderous
volumes, the first volume being devoted to "The
Country and Its Inhabitants," the second to
"Institutions," and the third to "Religion"
•The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians. By
Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, Member of the Institute of France.
Translated from the third French edition by Ze'naide A. T.
Ragozin, Member of the American Oriental Society. Part I.,
The Country and Its Inhabitants. New York : G. P. Put-
nam's Sons.


1893.]
223
THE DIAL
and church matters. Only the first volume has
as yet appeared in English or American trans-
lations, and no promise is given in regard to
more; but it is to be hoped that translator and
publisher will find sufficient encouragement to
induce them to give us in English the remain-
ing two volumes. Zenaide A. Ragozin's work
is not merely a literal translation. She ac-
companies the text with a thread of annotations,
that bring into stronger light the masterly pic-
tures of Russian life — historical, social, pop-
ular,— which Mr. Leroy-Beaulieu unfolds be-
fore the reader in a series as varied as that life
itself. In these notes the translator reveals
herself as a most loyal Russian, sometimes call-
ing the author to task when she thinks he has
in any way misrepresented her native country;
but we are bound to say that in some instances
her patriotism seems superior to her logic. An
example or two will suffice. In the opening of
Book II., on races and nationality, the author
makes the following statement, which would
seem to contain the pith of good sense:
"Were Russia a lately discovered virgin land, devoid
of population, or roamed over only by a few nomadic
tribes, she would soon offer to the world the same spec-
tacle as the United States or Australia. She would
rank with those countries where civilization, having left
behind her the old institutions which protected her in-
fancy, opens out for herself, on a new soil, a wider and
more independent career. Left entirely to European
civilization, Russia would quickly have rivalled Amer-
ica; for—according to a remark made by Adam Smith
as early as the eighteenth century — nothing, once the
foundations are solidly laid, can equal the rapidly in-
creasing prosperity of a colony which, in a free land, is
at liberty to construct an entirely new building. What
makes Russia's inferiority is her elderly population,
which, by shutting out immigration from the West, robs
her of the advantages of the usual marvellous growth
of colonies."
To this the translator enters a vigorous protest
in this manner:
"Once for all we must protest against this off-hand
acceptation of Russia's inferiority as a thing understood,
not even needing proof or discussion. Once for all let
it be understood at last,— what is so plain as to 'put
out one's eyes,' in the graphic French phrase, cela cr'eve
les yeux,— that Russia is inferior in the way that the
youngest of a family, who is not yet out of college, is
to his elderly brothers, who have had the time and op-
portunity to make their mark in the world. And it is
notorious bow often the youngest is the most gifted;
then, adding to his own attainments his elder's expe-
rience, the future is his when he survives them, as, in
the course of nature, he must. There is nowadays but
one opinion on the superior intellectual endowments of
the individual Russians; how then can their country be
inferior?"
There scarcely seems occasion for the trans-
lator to rise in arms against the author's claim.
Mr. Leroy-Beaulieu has not disputed the nat-
ural endowments of the individual Russian.
This " youngest of the family" may be " the
most gifted," and he might give sufficient proof
of it if he could get away from established
Russian institutions and construct an entirely
new building in a land like America or Aus-
tralia. The trouble is, he is now hampered by
the old institutions which have protected the
infancy of Russia.
In the Varagians (Varangians) most people
are willing to see Norsemen. Professor Thomp-
son of Copenhagen has, we think, proved that
the words Russia, Russians (Rous, Rossia,
Rossiane) are corruptions of the Swedish roths-
menn, that is, rowers, or seafarers. They were
Norse vikings, who in northern Russia became
the founders of the Russian empire in the ninth
century. As the story goes, Rurik and his
brothers were invited to Russia and settled at
Novgorod in 862. That there was a successful
Norse invasion there is no doubt. In recent
times some ultra patriotic Russians, Ilovaishi,
Eldlonoff, and Zabielin, have attacked the view
of the Norse origin of the invaders, and see in
them only Slavs. Mr. Leroy-Beaulieu gives
the generally accepted Norse view; but, as
might be expected, the translator, who is Rus-
sian in every fibre, grows enthusiastic, and pro-
tests in a note of two and a half closely printed
pages; but the long discussion surely does
more credit to her loyalty to her race than to
her scholarship.
The work here presented to the English-
reading public is forbidden in Russia. We
wonder at this, since we do not find in the
whole volume a word unfriendly either to Rus-
sia or to its government; but autocracy does
not allow either its acts or its principles to be
discussed,— and this is just what Leroy-Beau-
lieu's book does, and that with a freedom in-
compatible with the autocratic system. The
fact of ostracism is an advantage to the work;
it enables the author to express his friendliness
toward Russia, its people, and its Tsar, without
a doubt being cast upon his independence of
spirit. The author is anxious to impress upon
his readers the fact that we must not apply to
Russia the same notions and the same rules as
to Europe or America; for, as he says,—
"To do this would be the height of ignorance and
unfairness. Russia is neither Europe nor Asia; she is
a world by herself, situated between Europe and Asia
and in a way belonging to both. Furthermore, it is not
a state of our time. If it does belong to Europe, it is
to a Europe of another age, not to modern Europe. If
one would really understand Russia, one should, to look


224
[Oct. 16T
THE DIAL
at her, recede some three or four centuries into the past.
To imagine, on the faith of the almanacs, that Russia as
she is and the Emperor Alexander III. belong to the
end of the nineteenth century, is, in spite of all chrono-
logical tables, a gross anachronism. The Tsar Alex-
ander Alexandravitch, crowned in the Kremlin of Mos-
cow, is not so much the contemporary of Queen Vic-
toria as of Queen Isabel of Castile. The uprightness
of his intentions, the loftiness of his character, are be-
yond all doubt, but neither he nor his people live in the
same intellectual atmosphere with ourselves. He can
with a good conscience sign ukdzes that our conscience
condemns."
In eight books, all of absorbing interest, the
author discusses the nature, climate, and soil,
the races and nationality, the national temper-
ament and character, the history and elements
of civilization, the social hierarchy, the town
and urban classes, the nobility, the peasant, and
the emancipation of the serfs, and the mir, the
family and village communities of Russia and
the Russians. Hitherto we have been limited
mainly to the statistical articles to be found in
cyclopaedias and to magazine articles for our
knowledge of this great nation. Leroy-Beau-
lieu's work enables us to become as familiar
with Russia as with any other foreign country.
In this statement Mackenzie Wallace's splen-
did volumes are not forgotten and the reader
will find them a valuable complement to the
present work.
In connection with the discussion of the
Slavic race the author puts and answers the
question, Is the race deficient in genius? As-
suredly not, he says.
"It is a noteworthy fact that it was Slavs who opened
the way to the West in the two great monuments which
inaugurated the modern idea — in the Renaissance and
the Reformation; in the discovery of the laws that rule
the universe, and in the vindication of freedom for hu-
man thought. The Pole Kopernik was the forerunner
of Galileo, the Tchekh John Huss that of Luther. These
are great titles to glory for the Slavs — so great that
they are contested by the Germans. In the wake of
Kopernik and Huss, the two Slav peoples most closely
connected with the West, through religion and vicin-
ity, Poland and Bohemia, could read off a long roll
of men distinguished in letters, sciences, politics, and
war. And among the southern Slavs, a small republic
like Ragusa could alone furnish an entire gallery of men
gifted in all domains. Where remoteness from the
West and foreign oppression made study impossible and
prevented individual names from coming up, the gen-
ius of the people has manifested itself in such minstrelsy
as has nothing to envy in the finest poetry of the West.
In that kind of popular personal poetry which is so
greatly admired in the romanceros of Spain, the ballads
of Scotland, or the songs (chansons) of France, the Slav,
far from yielding the prize to the Latins or Teutons,
possibly surpasses both. There is nothing more truly
poetical than the piesme (lays) of Serbia and the dumy
(' reveries') of Little Russia; for by way of natural com-
pensation, it is among the Slavs least initiated into Wes-
tern culture, that popular poetry has blossomed out
most freely."
The author claims that Russia is not a con-
glomerate patchwork of peoples, like Turkey
or Austria. Russia resembles France in na-
tional unity. He compares Russia to one of
those antique mosaic pavements, the ground of
which is made out of a single substance and a
single color, the border alone showing different
pieces and colors. In chapters two and three
of the third book the author has produced pas-
sages of rare beauty, a kind of beauty, indeed,
that we do not look for from an historian and po-
litical writer. In these chapters he describes the
Russian character as formed by the struggle
against the climate, and shows why Russia has
not like Scandinavia been the cradle of liberty.
Unable to slip his neck from under the yoke of
nature, the Russian has borne that of man more
patiently; the one has bent and fashioned him
for the other. In the third chapter of Book II.
—to our mind the most fascinating part of the
whole volume—the author shows how the con-
traries of winter, spring, and summer have re-
acted on the national temperament. He paints
a northern summer in a masterly manner, and
closes with this eloquent tribute to Peter the
Great:
"If one is astonished at finding in one people so many
traits of character different or even opposite, one can,
in the person of Peter the Great, behold them all united
and centred in one man. This converging, in one indi-
vidual, of so many qualities and defects, so many fea-
tures scattered through a nation, has shaped a queer
and well-nigh monstrous man, but at the same time one
of the most mighty, most enterprising, the best endowed
for life and action, whom the world has seen. No other
nation can boast of owning a great man in whom it can
embody all itself, who in his very vices stands out a
colossal incarnation of its genius. Peter, the pupil and
imitator of foreigners,—Peter, who seemed to have set
himself the task of violently breaking his people's na-
ture and who has been regarded by the old-time Mos-
covites as a sort of anti-Christ, — Peter is the Russian,
the Great Russian par excellence. Standing before hia
face one may say that sovereign and nation explain each
other. A nation that resembles such a man is sure of
a great future. If it is apparently wanting in some of
those highest or most refined qualities on which man-
kind prides itself, it owns those which give power and
political greatness."
The reader will find much of interest on the
subject of nihilism and on the emancipation of
the serfs, the latter subject being treated very
comprehensively and with great clearness in
Book VII. The work contains several good
maps, and it is as a whole the most import-
ant and valuable work on Russia hitherto pub-
lished in English.
Rasmus B. Anderson.


1893.]
225
THE DIAL
Miss Repplieu's "Essays in Idleness."*
It was the late Mr. Travers, we believe, who
was one day surprised at seeing a certain distin-
guished contemporary standing on Wall Street
with his hands in his own pockets. In some-
what the same way is the unprepared reader of
Miss Agnes Repplier's Essays not unfrequently
surprised in coming across a good thing that
is not quoted from Montaigne, Sir Thomas
Browne, or somebody else. At first sight Miss
Repplier's own remarks hardly come to view,
for the number of her unfamiliar (but gener-
ally excellent) quotations. The literary his-
torian of the future will have little difficulty
in describing Miss Repplier's method of work.
"Her study," he will say, "was a room sur-
rounded by pigeonholes marked with such titles
as ' Cats,'' War,' • Words,'' Leisure.' In this
room she was accustomed to sit and read the
choicest authors, pencil in hand, and on com-
ing across anything about cats, or whatever
else, she would copy it off and stick it in the
appropriate pigeonhole. When any pigeon-
hole was full she took out the quotations and
wrote an article for the 'Atlantic Monthly,'
using them all." Now such a mode of compo-
sition has its difficulties. In the present case
the quotations are generally good and the net
result almost always entertaining. But a book
abounding in quotations rarely impresses the
reader with the originality it may really pos-
sess. One is apt to fight shy of such books.
It is true that this is an age of potted litera-
ture, but even at the present day there are not
a few for whom potted literature has very slight
attractions. By the peculiar character of her
work Miss Repplier runs the risk of losing the
attention of many who would be interested in
the good qualities that her writings undoubt-
edly possess.
For when we say that " Essays in Idleness"
are Miss Repplier's usual combinations of quo-
tation and comment, we have by no means said
the last word on the matter. That fact being
once accepted, one is free to find in the book a
certain sort of work, exquisite of its kind, and
of a kind that rightly pleases many cultivated
people. It may be that Miss Repplier is con-
sciously a follower of Mr. Oscar Wilde. Con-
sciously or not, she is, as an artist, of a char-
acter somewhat akin to that sketched by the
ineffable Gilbert, as he passed in an irridescent
mist of words from his chambertin and orta-
* Essays in Idleness.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
By Agnes Repplier. Boston:
lans to the roses in Covent Garden. Other
authors write about life and such things. Miss
Repplier writes about (and around) what others
have written. She treats of all subjects, while
involved in a sort of cloud of what other peo-
ple have said on the matter. One gets from
her book no echo of the world, only echoes
from the world of letters. On the foundations
of what she has read she uplifts new structures
of her own, and the remarkable thing is that
these new structures are not wanting in grace
and beauty. A somewhat individual gift this:
it is worth while to remark it and appreciate it.
It will not do to set Miss Repplier down as
merely a clever woman who has read much.
Her cleverness is of a peculiar type, and her
work has its own excellences.
In the present volume, the first essay is the
most charming. It is about Miss Repplier's
cat. Cats and men of letters seem to be the
two things that stimulate Miss Repplier's gen-
ius. For this essay (besides providing us with
the opinions concerning cats, and other things,
of Saint Beuve, M. Fee, Montaigne, Buffon,
La Fontaine, Schopenhauer, Walt Whitman,
Sidney Smith, Chateaubriand, Wolsey, Abbe"
Galiani, Voltaire, Champfleury, Monk Lewis,
Heine, Pierre Loti, Theophue Gautier, Sir
Thomas Browne, and Mrs. Graham Thomson)
contains some of the most truly sympathetic,
and therefore the wisest, remarks about cats
that we have seen. It is worth while giving a
few examples of them, although it is not easy
to give the true quality of such a book by a
few extracts. The real character is in the gen-
eral toning rather than in any separate remark.
"Rude aud masterful souls resent this fine self-suffi-
ciency in a domestic animal, and require that it should
have no will but theirs, no pleasure that does not ema-
nate from them. They are forever prating of the love
and fidelity of the dog, of the beast that obeys their slight-
est word, crouches contentedly for hours at their feet, is
exuberately grateful for the smallest attention, and so
affectionate that its demonstrations require to be curbed
rather than encouraged. All this homage is pleasing to
their vanity; yet there are people, less magisterial per-
haps, or less exacting, who believe that true friendship,
even with ail animal, may be built upon mutual esteem
and independance; that to demand gratitude is to be
unworthy of it; and that obedience is not essential to
agreeable and healthy intercourse. . . . < My dog fetches
my supper for me every night,' said a friend triumph-
antly, not long ago. . . . 'Would your cat do as much
for you, I'd like to know?' Assuredly not! If I
waited for Agrippina to fetch me shoes or slippers, I
should have no other resource save to join as speedily
as possible one of the barefooted religious orders of
Italy. But, after all, fetching slippers is not the whole
duty of domestic pets. . . . Agrippina will never make
herself serviceable. Yet nevertheless is she of inesti-


226
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
niable service. . . . Asleep or awake, in rest or in mo-
tion, grave or gay, Agrippina is always beautiful; and
it is better to be beautiful than to fetch and carry from
the rising to the setting of the sun. . . . Schopenhauer
has said that the reason domestic pets are so lovable
and so helpful to us is because they enjoy, quietly and
placidly, the present moment. . . . Life holds no fu-
ture for them and consequently no care; if they are
content, their contentment is absolute; and our jaded
and wearied spirits find a natural relief in the sight of
creatures whose little cups of happiness can so easily be
filled to the brim. . . . Oh, you who strive to relieve
your overwrought nerves, and cultivate power through
repose, watch the exquisite languor of a drowsy cat,
and despair of imitating such perfect and restful grace.''
Edward E. Hale, Jr.
Recent Fiction.*
"David Balfour," Mr. Stevenson's new novel, is
a sequel to "Kidnapped," but suffers less than do
most sequels from comparison with their predeces-
sors. The years that separate the two divisions of
the romance have brought to the author a more
compact and highly-wrought style, and do not seem
to have impaired his powers of invention. Alan
Breck appears from time to time in the course of
the narrative, but David is the real hero, and the
story at last finds a heroine in the altogether ador-
able Catriona. Those who have missed the ewig-
weiblfche from Mr. Stevenson's books will have no
cause for complaint this time, for " David Balfour"
is a story of love as well as of adventure. The
Scots vocabulary makes the book rather troublesome
reading; and one gets a little weary of the gram-
matical mannerisms — the progressive presents and
future perfects — of its speech. Mr. Stevenson's
realism is a little too uncompromising in these re-
spects. But the principal characters are certainly
triumphs of delineation ; David and Catriona, James
More and the Lord Advocate, are firmly and con-
sistently drawn. A prefatory summary of " Kid-
napped" breaks the reader's plunge, and spares
•David Balfoub. By Robert Louis Stevenson. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
The Rebel Queen. Ry Walter Besant. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
The Prince of India ; or, Why Constantinople Fell. By
Lew. Wallace. Two volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Not Angels Quite. By Nathan Haskell Dole. Boston:
Lee & Shepard.
The Complaining Millions of Men. By Edward Fuller.
New York: Harper & Brothers.
The Cliff Dwellers. By Henry B. Fuller. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
The Tutor's Secret. By Victor Cherbuliez. New York:
D. Appleton & Co.
The Faience Violin. By Champfleury. Translated by
William Henry Bishop. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
The Private Life. Lord Heaupre\ The Visits. By
Henry James. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Nowadays, and Other Stories. By George A. Hibbard.
New York: Harper & Brothers.
him the re-reading of the earlier romance—although
he might do worse than that.
In writing "The Rebel Queen," Mr. Besant evi-
dently had two objects in view: to exalt the He-
brew, and to maintain the thesis that a wife should
obey, as well as love and honor, her husband. The
first of these objects he has sought to accomplish
by an appeal to the historic sense and to the streak
of mysticism found in most minds. Where George
Eliot failed Mr. Besant could hardly hope to suc-
ceed; and the Wandering Jew of his narrative,
although a finely conceived and impressive figure,
does not seem to be a typical embodiment of his
race, and does not quite persuade us of the posses-
sion, by that race in general, of an undue share in
the moral and intellectual energies of mankind.
The persistence of the type is the really striking fact
about the Hebrew, and Mr. Besant brings that out
very clearly. As for the author's success in his sec-
ond aim, we will not venture upon an opinion. He
will doubtless hear from his feminine readers in
outspoken and unequivocal protest upon that sub-
ject. The Cause of Woman finds many amazons
in these latter days, and they will not miss so ex-
cellent an opportunity for a skirmish. Mr. Besant's
story is, taken simply as a story, varied in interest
and extremely entertaining. But it has been too
easily written to have any lasting value.
"The Prince of India" has been heralded for
some time by the newspapers, and the methods em-
ployed have been not unlike those made familiar to
newspaper readers by the enterprise of theatrical
advance-agents. Descriptions of the plot, anecdotes
of the writer, and curiosity-provoking extracts from
the text, have all taken their turn, and had their
share in preparing the newspaper-reading mind for
the advent of the great work. We have even been
told that President Garfield, in sending the author
to Constantinople as American minister, had for
his real object the provision of leisure and oppor-
tunity for the preparation of a historical romance.
That romance has now appeared, and its two thick
volumes are at least a monument to the author's
industry. The essence of the story may be briefly
set forth. Our old friend, the Wandering Jew, who
has done such veteran service to poets and novelists,
is once more brought to light, and, in the character
of a mediaeval Monte Cristo, is represented as seek-
ing to organize a Parliament of Religions in fif-
teenth century Constantinople. First seeking the
support of the Greek emperor for his project, but
failing to secure it, he has recourse to the Turk, and
urges the young Mohammed on to the conquest of
the capital. This plot is, of course, except for the
actual historical episode of the conquest, too unreal
to be very impressive; at least, General Wallace is
far from having the imaginative power necessary
to make it impressive. The Wandering Jew comes
to be very tiresome after a while, and the reader
soon learns to skip his interminable harangues upon
religious unity. His argument for a universal faith


1893.]
227
THE DIAL
has a curiously nineteenth century fin cle sihcU fla-
vor; it goes without saying that such an argument
could by no possibility have been formulated by the
"Wandering Jew or anybody else, at the time of
the narrative. But the Wandering Jew and his
religious hobby are not, after all, the chief elements
of interest in the work, and when we have set them
aside there remains a historical romance of consid-
erable interest and constructive skill. There is no
doubt that the writer has made a careful study of
the period, and actual observation has given vivid-
ness to many of his descriptions. We do not sup-
pose that his book will bear the minuter tests of
historical scholarship, but neither will the romances
of Scott, or of Kingsley, or of Lord Lytton. It
doubtless comes as near to historical accuracy as
"Ivanhoe," or "Hypatia," or "The Last of the
Barons." The interest of the narrative is fairly
sustained, and is worked up to a proper climax in
the story of the siege of Constantinople. As for the
style, it is—well, it is what readers of "Ben-Hur"
might have expected. The less closely it is exam-
ined, the better satisfied will its readers be. We have
no doubt that the book will prove popular, for the
average reader cares nothing for style; that it will
ever rank as literature may be confidently denied.
"Not Angels Quite " is the incomprehensible title
of a molluscous narrative that is neither witty, wise,
nor well-written, although it clearly aims to be all
three. The story, as far as there is one, is that of
Goethe's "Wahlverwandtschaften," but lowered to
the level of comedy, and utterly devoid of human
interest. But the writer can hardly have expected
his lay figures to be taken as real characters; they
serve merely as a framework for his superstructure
of dull realism, for his small-beer chronicle of the
doings of a few eccentric Bostonians, given over to
all manner of " fads." Anything more incoherent
than this jumble of empty discussions, inapt quota-
tions, and attempts at humor, is not often met with
between the covers of a book. The style, with its
self-consciousness and its affectations, is simply in-
tolerable.
One takes up "The Complaining Millions of
Men" with the notion that he is embarking upon
the dangerous sea of socialist tendenz-ftction; but
he is quickly undeceived. The hero is, indeed, a
sort of socialist, and is first introduced to us as a
haranguer of labor gatherings; but the socialism
which he and his fellows represent is drawn in such
caricature that it cannot be considered a serious
study. This hero, who is a Hungarian of uncer-
tain origin, and who is " taken up " as a sort of fad
by Boston society, speedily developes into a brute
of the most unmitigated sort, whose conduct is too
repulsive to be even interesting for any consider-
able length. Mr. Fuller has evidently set out to be
a realist; and unrelieved tedium is, for the most
part, the reward of his readers. In one respect he
has carried realism to an unjustifiable extent. A
number of well-known persons, mostly writers, fig-
ure in his pages, their actual names being very thinly
disguised. The taste of this procedure is always
questionable, and when it goes so far, in one of the
present instances, as to insinuate a lack of personal
cleanliness on the part of a certain character — of
whose identity no one will remain in doubt—it be-
comes simply intolerable. This is the worst offence
chargeable to the writer, although others are not
wanting. The story, which is told at great length,
is essentially improbable, although to a certain ex-
tent probably based upon an actual Boston scandal
of a few years past.
It is a far cry from "The Chevalier of Pensieri-
Vani" to "The Cliff-Dwellers." Mr. Henry Ful-
ler's new novel entertains us with no record of
sentimental journeying^ among the mountains and
the monuments of the Old World, but gives us
instead an alert and unsentimental depiction of
everyday life in the newest great city of the New
World. It is interesting to note how completely
the writer has freed himself from a manner which,
although at first charming in its graceful languor,
was fast becoming a mannerism. The vein was
near the point of exhaustion, and was wisely aban-
doned when it had yielded its best ore. Mr. Ful-
ler's "cliff-dwellers" are the people who live and
move and have much of their being in one of the
many-storied office buildings of Chicago. The
metaphor of the title is original and pleasing, al-
though possibly a little too elaborately worked out
in the introductory pages. When we come to the
substance of the story, it is found to consist in a
series of very realistic episodes in the lives of half
a dozen men of affairs, relieved by a few equally
realistic domestic passages, and given continuity
and coherence by their relation to the fortunes of
one central figure, that of the unheroic young man
who serves for a hero. The heroine of the story
is not so easily singled out. Both of the successive
wives of the hero have claims to that distinction,
and so has Miss Cornelia McNabb, who comes
from Pewaukee to Chicago bent upon conquests
matrimonial and social; but we are, on the whole,
inclined to regard as the real heroine the pervasive
but almost mythical Cecilia Ingles, who, without
entering upon the scene, so constantly piques our
curiosity, and of whose personal appearance we
should have no notion had not the artist made up
for the neglect of the narrator. Mr. Fuller's chief
types—the banker, the banker's son, the real estate
speculator, the Western representative of an East-
ern house, and the young man whose fortunes most
engage the reader — are absolutely truthful; the
uncompromising actuality of their delineation will
cause many a reader to wince, but he must at the
same time confess to the accuracy of the portrait-
ure. At first sight, Mr. Fuller's study, although
minute, appears merely superficial, but a closer ex-
amination shows that he has insight as well as the
observant faculty. We come, for example, upon
quiet incisive characterizations of Chicago that say


228
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
much in few words. "He seemed to see before
him the spokesman of a community where pros-
perity had drugged patriotism into unconsciousness,
and where the bare scaffoldings of materialism felt
themselves quite independent of the graces and
draperies of culture." "To the Chicagoan, the
name of the town, in its formal, ceremonial use,
has a power that no other word in the language
quite possesses. It is a shibboleth, as regards its
pronunciation; it is a trumpet-call, as regards its
effect." We quote almost at random these two
bits of criticism; there are many others equally
searching. Mr. Fuller appears to be one of the
few people who can judge with objective fairness
of the community in which their lives have been
spent. His book seems to us to have no less value
as a document than interest as a story.
"The Tutor's Secret" is one of those sane and
temperate works of fiction that come from time to
time, in refutation of the popular prejudice that
French novelists are all repulsive realists or morbid
sensualists. M. Cherbuliez has taken a simple and
familiar theme — that of the family tutor in love
with the young woman whom he is charged to in-
struct; but his treatment is so fresh, so brilliant,
and so sympathetic, that he makes of his theme a
new story. The outcome of the situation is neither
violence nor despair — one of which would surely
have been given us by a writer with leanings to-
wards sensationalism,—but a chastened and phil-
osophical acceptance of the inevitable. The char-
acters are drawn with perfect fidelity to life; they
speak and act in perfectly natural ways, and stand
out in distinct relief. They are not types, but in-
dividuals, and their human interest is very manifest.
Situations which would be a trifle risqui in the
hands of most writers receive a sober treatment de-
void of the least offence, and the story, although
nowhere obtrusively didactic, has very evident bear-
ings upon the conduct of life. We notice one cu-
rious inadvertence. Among the books read by the
fair pupil-heroine, is one entitled "The Destiny of
Man, Read by the Light of His Origin." It should
be "viewed in," not " read by," but that is not the
point. It is a little curious to find the author thus
characterized: "He is a theologian, and the trail
of the serpent is plain." Possibly Mr. Fiske is
not altogether undeserving of this treatment, but it
is likely to surprise him.
The idiosyncrasy of the collector is one, although
the mania may pursue many objects. In the story of
"The Faience Violin" the object is pottery, prob-
ably as potent to harden the heart as old books, or
tulips, or postage stamps. This humorous study in
moral pathology is the work of the late Jules Fleury
(Champfleury), who had the knowledge of an ex-
pert in keramics and the wit of a Frenchman of let-
ters. It is a very charming bit of work, and Mr.
Bishop, who has turned it into the most flexible
and idiomatic of English, was well advised in offering
it to the public of another than its original speech.
One of the three stories in Mr. James's new
volume — " Lord Beaupre"" — follows the lines of
normal human activity; the two others are whim-
sical in the extreme, if not actually morbid. "The
Visits," slighter than the others, is a tragic study
of an unbalanced temperament, and is even more
inconclusive than most of the author's stories. The
charm of "The Private Life," although hope-
lessly elusive, is not without a certain power of
fascination. It must be taken, if at all seriously,
as a sort of allegorical study of the problem of
personality. One type of character — represented
in this story by Lord Mellifont — exists only for
the public, lives and moves and has its being in the
appreciation or applause of its fellows. The au-
thor whimsically suggests that such a character has
no "private life " at all, that it is but a sort of
plausible simulacrum, vanishing when the audience
dissolves, refimerging from its limbo with the ap-
pearance of some one (may we say some one else ?)
upon the scene. Its very existence is not a reality,
but a mere reaction. Contrasted with this type is
the other embodied in Claude Vawdrey, with whom
the "private life" is the real one, whose personal-
ity as displayed to the world is only a faint projec-
tion from the real inner self — perhaps what the
theosophists would call an astral body. The delin-
eation of these two types is very ingenious, and the
author contrives, by many subtle touches, to invest
Lis fanciful thesis with something of verisimilitude.
But the allegory lurks beneath, and his readers can
never quite forget that.
Mr. Hibbard's new volume of short stories em-
phasizes that writer's claims to a high rank among
those who practice the art of fiction in this special
field. His work approaches the best French models
in its appreciation of the limitations imposed by his
chosen form, in its sense of the episode, and in its
constructive skill. "Nowadays," the titular story,
is a minor masterpiece, marred only by a slight af-
fectation in the use of its title as a catch-word.
"There's Nothing Half so Sweet in Life" and " A
Mad World, My Masters" are also admirable.
These stories are based upon the " psychological mo-
ment," selected with rare discrimination, and dwelt
upon just long enough to keep interest at its height.
"Guilty Sir Guy" is a ghost-story of the Stockton-
ian type, amusing but not impressive. The two
remaining stories are a trifle less successful.
William Morton Payne.
Briefs ox
New
L
Books.
The Literary
Work* of
Jamet Smetham,
In a former issue of The Dial
(April 1, 1893) we had occasion to
praise a collection of letters of James
Smetham and to give some account of their author.
To the "Letters " is now added a companion vol-
ume, "The Literary Works of James Smetham"
(Macmillan), containing four essays and a number


1893.]
229
THE DIAL
of poems. Three of the essays are reprinted from
the " London Quarterly Review," and the fourth, a
pleasant paper on Gerhard Dow, is from the "Art
Journal." We may say at once of these essays
that, while they merit reprinting, they lack the en-
gaging personal note and spontaneity of the letters,
and their style is at times singularly involved. The
paper on Sir Joshua Reynolds is a good speci-
men of the biographical review, chatty, and full of
illustrative, well-ordered facts. Reynolds's unhappy
excursions into the "grand style" of painting are
severely dealt with: "In the highest subjects of all,
his failure was the most signal. * Of the Oxford
window, our only intuition is, that it is abominable
in theory, in conception, in style. The lubberly
angel above, the smirking faces below, the vapid
rows of Virtues between the mullions, scarcely higher
in invention than those blindfold white women with
scales, idiotic Hopes with anchors, which support
the dignity of a ' Perpetual Grand Master' of the
Order of Odd Fellows, on his engraved diploma,
— are all bad together." The essay on William
Blake — a genius with whom Smethan himself had
much in common — is a rather notable production,
and was appended in part to Gilchrist and Ros-
setti's Life of Blake. Touching the dispute as
to Blake's sanity, the author is of opinion that he
was, at least, "slightly touched." A curious semi-
mechanical explanation is offered of Blake's boyish
vision of " a tree filled with angels "—his report of
which at home, by the way, nearly earned him a
thrashing at the hands of his prosaic and truth-lov-
ing father. First picturing the lad as resting " among
the orchards" after a tramp over the Surrey hills,
the author continues: "Here he pauses, leans over
a gate, looks at a large blossom-loaded tree in which
the threads of sunlight are entangled like gossamers,
which 'twinkle into green and gold.' A zephyr
stirs the cloud of sun-stricken bloom, where white
commingled with sparkling red flushes over leaves
of emerald. Tears of delight 'rise from his heart
and gather to his eyes ' as he gazes on it. The rays
which kindle the blossoms turn his gathered tears
to prisms. . . . The impressible brain, already filled
with thoughts of the 'might of stars and angels,'
kindles suddenly into a dream-like creative energy,
and the sunny orchard becomes a Mahanaim, even
to his outward eye." In the paper on Gerhard
Dow, Smetham shows that, despite his own ideal-
ism, he could appreciate the home-keeping genius
of the "rubbishing Dutchmen."
The Arena Co. issue, in a neat vol-
ume of 375 pages, a life of Albert
Brisbane, the American Fourierist
and reformer, by his wife, Redelia Brisbane. The
body of the book was taken partly from Mr. Bris-
bane's dictation and partly from his journal, and
the author has added a "Character Study" which
is chiefly remarkable as a pathetic instance of the
futility of the personal estimate. The subject of
the biography was a prominent figure about 1840—
The biography of
an American
Fourierist.
an era of social and religious ferment. He was the
pioneer and chief exponent in this country of Four-
ierism; and to his efforts were largely due the
thirty-four American Fourieristic experiments (as
enumerated by Mr. Noyes), the most noteworthy
of which was "Brook Farm." Horace Greeley
was one of his converts; and Ripley, Margaret
Fuller, Channing, Hawthorne, and others, were
probably more or less affected by his doctrines.
Brisbane was a gifted speaker — though perhaps a
little in the style of the '"tedious archangel" of
Concord; indeed, Robert Owen once called him
"America's first orator." He was a singularly pure,
high-minded, and withal un-practical man; and
like so many of his type, he knew little of and cared
little for the elements of the society he proposed to
regenerate. As our author says, " his very mental
constitution rendered it impossible for him ever to
attain to a commonplace, common-sense apprecia-
tion of the matter-of-fact world "—than which no-
thing more need be said to assure the reader of the
practical fruitlessness of Mr. Brisbane's well-meant
apostolate. The volume has an element of interest
for the general reader in its anecdotes and sketches
of eminent people, including Goethe, Heine, Men-
delssohn, V. Cousin, Hegel, Fourier, Arthur Young,
Webster, Clay, Seward, Garrison, and others. Mr.
Brisbane saw Goethe shortly before the poet's death:
"His appearance was impressive. Though age had
dimmed the eye and rendered the voice tremulous,
the firm head was still well-poised, and the finely-cut
features preserved traces of past beauty. Never-
theless, it was evident that the equilibrium of the
intellect had to be maintained with great care. I
could see that the spirit trembled in its cerebral
home, ready at any moment to take its flight. He
spoke slowly, following with difficulty his trains of
thought; and the most that I retain of that inter-
view was a remark that he made on the tendency
of the human mind to accept those theories which
are most congenial to the individual character."
Heine, says Mr. Brisbane, "was a man of small
stature, thin and wiry, but compactly built; a
swarthy face, the blackest of black hair, and small
black eyes which seemed animated with one pene-
trating glow of sarcasm. There was an intensity
in his regard which impressed one peculiarly, as if
the eye alone, in which beamed a soul on fire, con-
stituted the man. ... It would seem as if he were
internally at work tearing to pieces every subject
presented to him, and dissecting every idea that
crossed his mind. ... I liked Heine very much.
He seemed an earnest thinker at the bottom, be-
neath all his sarcasm, and one endeavoring to ar-
rive at the truth." There are two portraits in the
volume.
Mr. Eyre Coote's little book, " With
Thackeray in America" (Scribner),
recalls in a way the famous play-bill
announcing the tragedy of Hamlet with the leading
character left out. Not that Mr. Coote has left
The biography
of Thackeray
in America.


230
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Thackeray out of his narrative altogether—for the
great novelist certainly does flit through it in a
spectral "Mrs. Harris " sort of fashion. The book,
however, though amusing enough in itself, is scarcely
what its title leads one to expect, a real addition to
Thackerayana. It is essentially the (largely pic-
torial) record of the American impressions of its
author, who, in 1852, accompanied Thackeray as his
amanuensis on his American lecturing tour. While
the text is confessedly written up to the pictures,
it is usually bright and pungent, and contains some
amusing anecdotes. During a visit to the Harper's
establishment, Thackeray took occasion to ask
"Whose name stood foremost in popularity in book
sales in the United States. He [Sir. James Har-
per] took down a ponderous ledger, turned up the
leaves at letter J, and said, 'George Payne Rains-
ford James heads the list, far ahead of any other
author, as you can judge for yourself by glancing
at the number of his books sold. He turns out a
novel every six months, and the success is always
the same, and tremendous.'" Mr. Harper explained
this astonishing vogue by saying, "The main reason
is that his romances can always be safely placed
upon the family table, with the certainty that no
page will sully or call the blush to the cheek of any
member of the household "— a reply more flatter-
ing, perhaps, to Mr. James's pages than to the men-
tal tendencies of those for whom they were sup-
posed to be such eminently "safe" reading. Mr.
Coote records that this chaste romancer, then Brit-
ish Consul at Norfolk, Va., was compelled, owing
to his anti-slavery views, to exchange his post for
Venice — "the only place," he adds with some hu-
mor, "where he could not descry two muffled cav-
aliers ascending a hill on horseback." The numer-
ous pen-sketches form interesting records of Amer-
ican men, cities, and manners of forty years ago.
Brilliant picture, "The CoUrt °f ^™ .XIV>" the
o/French people current volume of M. Saint-Amand's
in the Old Regime. 8ub.8er;eg «Women 0f Versailles"
(Scribner), should prove a popular one, dealing
as it does with such striking personalities as Mon-
tespan, de Maintenon, La Valliere, etc. Like its
predecessors, the book is full of court glitter and
romance. We have' followed M. Saint-Amand's
series of brilliant historical pictures with much in-
terest, though not without regret that the current of
his sympathies should be, as we think, so constantly
misdirected. Inspired by his royalist leanings and
his taste for the material pomp and stately tradi-
tions of the Old Regime, he casts a glamour of ro-
mance and a tinge of sentiment about a class that,
at the period treated, existed solely by preying upon
the life of the French nation. He is touched by the
April sorrows and humors of the Sun King's titled
Cyprians; for the life-long misery of Jacques Bon-
homme, who paid with tears and toil for the splen-
dors of the shameful Versailles Olympus, he has
scarcely a passing word. M. Saint-Amand has, of
course, the right to choose his historical province
and his point of view; but it is well to qualify the
impressions he gives us by turning, for instance, to
La Bruyere's pictures of the wretched French peas-
antry — a class robbed alike by the Crown, the
Church, and the Seigneurs, slaves of the soil at
which they toiled with such indomitable patience,
beings who "seemed just capable of speech, and
when they stood erect displayed the lineaments of
men."
t> _ _ .x Two new books of " The Distaff Se-
Essays on the
Kindergarten and ries (Harper) are, " The Kmder-
Uouschold Art. garten)» edited by Kate Doughw
Wiggin, and "Household Art," edited by Candace
Wheeler. Of the eight essays, by as many differ-
ent women, which compose the first-named book,
all except two here make their first appearance in
print, though all are written with evident knowl-
edge of and enthusiasm for kindergarten work. The
subject is treated rather in its larger relations to
life than in its methods and technicalities, the best
being " The Relation of the Kindergarten to Social
Reform " by the editor, and "Outgrowths of Kin-
dergarten Training" by Mrs. A. B. Longstreet.
The collection of essays on " Household Art " is an
admirable one, though all have previously appeared
in magazines except the concluding one by the edi-
tor, read before the recent Art Congress of the Co-
lumbian Exposition. Three of the essays contain
valuable material for a history of American art as
applied to the household,— namely, " The Develop-
ment of American Homes" by Mrs. Rensselaer,.
"Some Work of the ' Associated Artists' " by Mrs.
Burton Harrison, and "The Progress of American
Decorative Art" by Mary Gay Humphreys.
When an old favorite appears in a
More of Lang's . .jr
Letters to new form, especially if attended
Dead Authors. uyrith additions," a certain amount
of question and distrust arises. These newcomers
— can it be that they are quite as good as the old
friends? or is it not probable that what has been done
once con amove will lose somewhat of its flavor when
duplicated to order? Such thoughts will be likely
to occur to the lovers of Andrew Lang's " Letters
to Dead Authors" on the announcement of a new
edition by the Scribners, with four additional let-
ters. But all doubts vanish with the reading. The
new quartette — letters to John Knox, Increase
Mather, Homer, and Mr. Samuel Pepys — are in
every way worthy of the companionship in which
they are placed. Indeed, perhaps there is nothing
better, either old or new, in the volume than the
letter to Homer. After all the learned treatises on
the authorship of Homer, after all that has been
written, pro and con, in regard to the man Homer
and the poems which bear his name, it is no small
glory to Mr. Lang that, in his own confidential and
sympathetic though half playful way, he manages
to offer one of the strongest and most eloquent of
appeals for the single authorship of these poems,
and impress the conviction that "there is a poet in
the poems, as there is a God in the world."


1893.]
231
THE DIAL
a charming edition Books of travel are f oiiunonly of
%£&££&' onlv fleeting value and interest. Es-
Bngiand. pecially if the places described be
those often visited and easily accessible, few writ-
ers have the art of lending enduring qualities to
their sketches. That Mr. Winter is one of these
few, however, is sufficiently shown by the history
of his little collection of twenty-two essays on the
much-written-about subject of "Shakespeare's En-
gland." The papers commemorate two visits to
England, made so long ago as 1887 and 1882; al-
though written for newspaper publication in the
first instance, they have passed through one English
and two or three American editions, the latest of
which is an illustrated one (Macmillan). In his
new preface, Mr. Winter congratulates himself with
reason that his "endeavor to reflect the gentle sen-
timent of English landscape and the romantic char-
acter of English rural life has not proved altogether
in vain." He may also congratulate himself that
the handsome binding and presswork provided by
the publishers of this edition, together with the
seventy-nine illustrations skilfully chosen by his
friend Mr. George P. Brett, will probably still fur-
ther enhance his book in popular favor.
_ K . , The joint authors of "English His-
ihat ham shaped tory for American Readers" ( Long-
AmtricanhUiory. mna^ CoL Thomas W. Higginson
and Professor Edward Channing, frankly under-
take, under this title, to write a history which shall
bring into strong relief all those events in English
annals that have had the most direct influence on
American institutions and history. For example,
they give very explicit and detailed accounts of the
political and ecclesiastical situation in England which
led to the creation of the thirteen colonies in the
United States; the financial policy of the English
parliament which had so much to do with our De-
claration of Independence; George Canning and
his attitude toward the Monroe doctrine; England's
course in the Alabama matter and in our Civil War
generally. Nevertheless, the effort to develop such
features as these has not seriously interfered with
a just regard for proportion, nor is the work a par-
tisan one in any sense. Six maps, five pages of
bibliography for collateral reading, a list of gene-
alogies and important dates, and a very large num-
ber of illustrations, are commendable features of
the book.
A rather notable contribution to Co-
t^thVwelTnd'iL lumD'an literature is a handsome vol-
ume entitled "In the Wake of Co-
lumbus" (Lothrop), by Frederick A. Ober, the
World's Fair Commissioner to the West Indies.
In addition to his regular function of awakening
official interest in the Exhibition, the author was
charged with the special duty of securing Columbian
relics and making local investigations in the inter-
est of the Columbian Department. In pursuance
of his mission Mr. Ober spent some months in voy-
aging, like a second Ulysses, from island to island;
Example* of
elegiac verse
in English.
and the present volume is devoted to the story of
his not unventuresome wanderings. The reader
will find in it some interesting facts and conjectures
relating to Columbus, and it is, besides, a capital
book of West Indian travel. In his chapter touch-
ing the mooted question "Where Is the Tomb of
Columbus?" Mr. Ober declares himself in favor
of Santa Domingo. The book is bright and in-
forming, and it contains over 200 illustrations from
photographs and pen-sketches.
Some of the most perfect examples
of poetical expression in English lit-
erature belong to elegiacal verse. A
collection of these has been made and edited by
James Baldwin, Ph.D., in the series of " Select En-
glish Classics" (Silver, Burdett & Co.). Besides
a list of twenty-eight strictly English elegies, three
translations from the Greek are included, namely,
idylls from Theocritus, Bion, and Moschus, these
having so often served as models for modern ele-
gies and pastorals that no book of this class could
be considered complete without them. The selection
varies from such long examples as Tennyson's " In
Memoriam " to such brief verses as " The Sea-Dirge"
from Shakespeare's "Tempest." The notes are good
and generally without superfluity; the introductions
which preface the work of each writer, though brief,
are valuable. The book will be useful both for the
student and the general reader who desire an in-
expensive collection of this kind.
Mr. Thomas Archer's " Fleet Street:
Literary and r, . _ _ .
social gossip o/ 1 he Highway of .Letters (Kan-
Old Fleet Street. dolph)( ig not> as itg title may gug.
gest, a literary guide-book, though it is not without
its uses in that capacity. It is rather a gossipy
memorial of the famous thoroughfare in its literary
and social aspects — and a very timely one in view
of the present ruthless demolition of old London
landmarks. Mr. Archer has succeeded, by dint of
a pleasant, chatty style, and the skilful piecing to-
gether of piquant ana and anecdote and literary and
historical allusions, in making a very entertaining
book; while his account of old buildings and sites,
local terms, etc., implies some antiquarian research.
The volume is profusely illustrated.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Brief and readable histories of France are not so
numerous but that many beside children will avail them-
selves of John Bonner's "Child's History of France"
(Harper). More space is given to men and move-
ments than to battles and campaigns, more attention to
incident, romance, and local color than to political doc-
trines. But the true historical perspective is so well
preserved, the characterization is so strong and accur-
ate, and the numerous illustrations are so extremely in-
teresting, that the book will not be relegated entirely to
the juveniles.
Mr. K. D. Blackman's "Dictionary of Foreign
Phrases and Classical Quotations" (Putnam) is a small


232
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
manual that may be found useful for ready reference by
the literary worker. It contains words, mottoes, maxims,
proverbs, and striking phrases from seven languages,
arranged in as many groups. The Italian section gives
a good collection of musical terms. In the translations
of idiomatic expressions the idiom is fairly reproduced,
as a rule; an occasional weakening is of course inevit-
able.
Captain F. W. Bach's "How to Judge a Horse"
(Jenkins) has the advantage of conciseness, and the
would-be purchaser of a steed who may consult its pages
will not be wholly at the mercy of a professional and
not always disinterested horseman to whom recourse is
usually had. Remarking on the fact that it is " very
rare to find a good matured horse in a dealer's stable,"
the writer says: "Whoever has one will take good care
to keep it, or else he will get a higher price for it
amongst his friends than from a dealer," in which ob-
servation there is a world of truth. The book also con-
tains excellent practical chapters on the training and
care of horses.
Mr. Thomas Nelson Page is a young writer to have
attained the dignity of "collected works," but in this
form he already appears (Scribner) to the extent of
four uniform volumes — three being fiction, and the
fourth a volume of essays. Such stories as "Marse
Chan" and " Elsket" are not likely to lose their charm
for more than one generation, and come very near to
being classics in their kind. But Mr. Page, now that
his " works " have been " collected," must not rest upon
his oars; we expect to see the volumes at least doubled
before the twentieth century is turned.
Charles Sumner's oration of July 4,1845, on " The
True Grandeur of Nations," is one of the best examples
of American patriotic literature. It has long been out
of print, except as contained in the author's collected
works, and the publishers (Lee & Shepard) have now
issued it in a separate volume, thinking it may be found
useful for schools as supplementary reading. Mr.
John F. Genung's "Outlines of Rhetoric" (Ginn) is
another recent publication of interest to teachers of En-
glish in our schools. It is a very practical sort of book,
abundantly provided with exercises.
Mr.W. R. Orndorff's "Laboratory Manual" (Heath)
gives directions for a series of eighty-two experiments
in organic chemistry, arranged to accompany the text-
book of Professor Remsen, who not only expresses his
approval of the present volume, but also adds that " in
many cases the directions given are undoubtedly better
than those given in my book." With such an endorse-
ment, the book ought speedily to find its way into our
schools and colleges.
The "Religion of Science Library," which is to con-
sist of paper-covered reissues of the publications of the
Open Court Publishing Co., to appear bi-monthly, opens
with "The Religion of Science," a simple and lucid
sketch by Dr. Paul Cams. "Three Introductory Lec-
tures on the Science of Thought," by Professor Max
Mttller, constitute the second number of this series of
pamphlets. The "Epochs of Indian History" series
(Longmans) is inaugurated by a little volume on " An-
cient India," by Mr. Romesh Chunder Dutt.
"The Monastery," " The Abbott," and " Kenilworth"
are the latest additions to the " Dryburgh" Waverly
(Macmillan). Mr. John Williamson has illustrated the
first two, and Mr. H. M. Paget the third of these
novels. The work of the former artist is spirited and
excellent in composition. The popular edition of Mr.
William Black's novel, has recently been augmented by
the publication of " White Heather " and " Labina Zem-
bra" (Harper). This edition has no illustrations; its
modest price would hardly admit of them.
Volume Nine of the "Cambridge" Shakespeare
(Macmillan), edited by Mr. William Aldis Wright,
completes the sumptuous reissue of that standard edi-
tion. It includes "Pericles," the poems, and reprints,
of the eight early quartos, from "The Merry Wives of
Windsor" to "Hamlet." The text of "Venus and
Adonis " and " Lucrece " has been largely reconstructed,
owing to the discovery of editions of those poems un-
known to the editors of the original "Cambridge " text.
The reprints of the quartos are really better than the
photographic facsimiles, for the latter often make havoc
with punctuation, owing to the small scale upon which
they are reproduced.
Mr. Worthington Chauncet Ford's monumental
edition of " The Writings of George Washington " (Put-
nam) is at last complete. The fourteenth volume, now
at hand, contains the letters of 1798 and 1799, an ac-
count of Washington's last illness and death, a few mis-
cellaneous papers, and a very complete general index to
the fourteen volumes of the edition. Mr. Ford's work
has been so well done that it can hardly be superseded
by that of any future editor, and he deserves the hearty
thanks of every student of American history.
We have received a second installment of the " Ariel"
Shakespeare (Putnam), consisting of seven of the his-
tories, each in a single boxed volume, with flexible
leather covers, gilt tops, and untrimmed edges. The
text of this edition appears to be an eclectic one, and
no one is named as editorially responsible for it. A
group of seven tragedies will be the next to appear, a
similar group of the comedies having been noticed by
us some mouths ago.
New York Topics.
New York, Oct. 10, 189S.
Memories of thirty years syne, of literary New York
in war times, are recalled by the arrival at a famous
artistic and literary club in this city of the four thous-
and volumes which comprise the late James Lorimer
Graham's library. I shall attempt, further on, to con-
vey some idea of the value of this bequest, now fulfilled
seventeen years after the owner's death; but the chief
interest of these books will always centre in Mr. Gra-
ham's personality and in the associations which gather
around his name.
The old group of New York men of letters, repre-
sented by Bryant, Willis, Curtis, and Tuckerman, bad
held the field, both social and literary, for many years
before the outbreak of the Civil War. Younger writ-
ers, in the intervals of newspaper work or business of
the most exacting kind, managed to get together in a
semi Bohemian way. Their contributions to literature
were largely restricted, however, to the columns of
various free-lance journals, such as the "Saturday
Press," the "Round Table," and the "Albion." Social
recognition was a missing quantity. Of course, I do-
not mean recognition by fashionable society, then as
now a shining mark for wits and satirists, but I refer
to those more agreeable circles where the spirit of art
prevailed. In these circles James Lorimer Graham
had moved for a number of years, at the time I have-


1893.]
238
THE DIAL
in mind. He came of a cultured family, and he was
made independent by his marriage to Miss Josephine
Garner, a New York belle of the day, whose relatives
are wealthy people still. It was Willard Fiske, I be-
lieve, who first brought Bayard Taylor to Mr. Graham's
home in Washington Square. Its occupant already had
gained reputation as a book collector, at a time when
the art of book collecting in this country was in its
infancy. A well-selected picture gallery added to the
attractions of a bouse whose every guest felt that he
was Lorry Graham's particular friend. One after an-
other, the group of authors and artists to which Mr.
Taylor belonged found their way to Graham's doors,
and a social centre for the younger men was formed,
the influences of which are felt to this day.
Of all these friendships, that between the Grahams
and Richard and Elizabeth Stoddard was probably the
most intimate; but Taylor, Aldrich, Winter, Godkin,
C. P. Cranch, Howells and Boker when in town, the
artists Kensett, McEntee, Hicks, Bierstadt, and Launt
Thompson, and their families, all frequented the Gra-
hams'. Most of these gentlemen sooner or later became
members of the Century Club, and this was a further
bond of union between them.
In 1866 Mr. and Mrs. Graham removed their home
to Florence, where the former assumed the duties of
United States consul. His departure was made the
occasion of a memorable dinner, given by his friends
and comrades, with poems and speeches galore. This
event was impressed very thoroughly on the memory of
one very small boy, by Mr. Graham's coming to our
house the next morning and making a final effort to
adopt him, the Grahams having no children of their
own. But even the display of a great bag of imitation
coins (some advertising device) was ineffectual, although
the small boy's eyes were dazzled. Mr. Graham re-
mained at Florence until his death in 1876, and became
as noted for his hospitality there as in this country.
Thackeray, Sala, Lord Houghton, Swinburne, Longfel-
low, and many others, were his guests at either place,
and his books are enriched with their inscriptions.
Besides these personal gifts his library contains a large
number of volumes bearing the autographs of other
distinguished writers. There are also quantities of first
editions, early printed books, standard editions of the
classics of many languages, and bound volumes of val-
uable prints, portraits, and autographs, which represent
many years of careful searching on the part of Mr.
Graham. And now that his wife has died, the books
have come to keep his memory green in the club which
he loved so well. It was Swinburne who wrote at his
"Not a kindlier life or sweeter
Time, that lights and quenches men,
Now may quench or light again,
Mingling with the mystic metre
Woven of all men's lives with his
Not a clearer note than this,
Not a kindlier life or sweeter."
Preparations are being made for a formal commem-
oration of the death of Edwin Booth, to be given at the
Music Hall, Madison Square Garden, on November 13,
the sixtieth anniversary of Mr. Booth's birth. The ex-
ercises are to be of an elaborate and impressive char-
acter. Mr. Joseph Jefferson is expected to preside.
Prof. George E. Woodberry will deliver an ode, and Mr.
Parke Godwin, whose eloquent words commemorating
Mr. Curtis still linger in the memory, will deliver the
address. At intervals Shakespearian music will be
rendered by Mr. Walter Damrosch and his orchestra.
The proceedings are to be in charge of a committee of
the Players Club, of which Mr. William Bispham,
Booth's most intimate friend, is chairman. The Play-
ers, it will be remembered, was founded by Mr. Booth,
who presented to the club its home and many of his
most precious relics. The latter are displayed behind
glass in fire-proof safes, arranged to be open in the
daytime. No doubt Mr. William Winter will be an
honored guest of the occasion. He has just returned
from a long sojourn in California, and is now busily
occupied in seeing through the press his " Life and Art
of Edwin Booth." This work, I hear, will contain six-
teen full-page plates of the actor in different characters,
besides many other illustrations. A limited edition is
also to be published on handmade paper. I have been
interested to observe the quick success of the neat-
looking series of Mr. Winter's works published by
Macmillan & Co. during the past two years. Thirty
thousand of these little volumes were sold last fall,
and their popularity is not by any means on the wane.
That Mr. Winter's exquisite poetry and prose should
at last be published in a commercially available form
is a matter of gratification. They are none the less
sensate with the spirit of his native land because they
respond harmoniously to the song and tradition of Old
England.
Mr. Walter Damrosch has come back from his Eu-
ropean trip in fine health and spirits. He has nearly
completed his opera founded upon Hawthorne's "Scar-
let Letter," for which Mr. George Parsons Lathrop has
supplied the libretto. Probably one act will be ren-
dered as a concert piece in December, but the stage-
production will not take place until next season.
Students of American music may like to know that
Mr. Damrosch, after persistent questioning, admitted
that there is none of that negro melody upon which
Dr. Dvorak has recently based such high expectations.
Arthur Stedman.
Literary Notes and Miscellany.
A new novel by Herr Felix Dahn, "Julian der Ab-
trunnige," is to appear in October. It will be remem-
bered that Dr. Ibsen has treated this subject dramat-
ically in his "Emperor and Galikean."
The J. B. Lippincott Co. have just begun publica-
tion, in a new edition, of the great work of Thiers, the
"History of the Consulate and the Empire of France
under Napoleon the First," in the authorized transla-
tion of Mr. D. Forbes Campbell.
Mr. Edward J. Harding, for two years past the lit-
erary editor of the Chicago " Tribune," has retired from
that position and accepted a business engagement which
will fix his future residence in Biltmore, North Caro-
lina, a lovely and healthful region. Mr. Harding's work
represented the highest grade of newspaper criticism,
and his retirement is hence a distinct loss to Chicago.
Dr. Alexander B. Grosart rejoices in the possession
of the identical copy of Robert Burns's Poems (1787)
presented to William Cowper by Samuel Rose, Esq.,
and acknowledged in Cowper's letter dated at "Wes-
ton, July 24,1787 " (Bonn's Edition of Cowper, 8 vols.,
vol. III., pp. 383-4). The acquisition of this interest-
ing relic by Dr. Grosart has moved him to write a very
lively note on the subject, which the curious may find
in "The Bookman" for September. This note is a


234
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
burst of sentiment not unworthy of that M. de Latour
who once found in a Paris bookstall J. J. Rousseau's
copy of the "Imitations Christi."
The first number of the new " Psychological Review"
will be published early in 1894, by Messrs. Macmillan
& Co. It will be edited by Professor James Mark
Baldwin, of Princeton University, with the collabora-
tion of Professors Cattell, Dewey, Donaldson, Fuller-
ton, James, Ladd, and Miinsterberg, and of M. Alfred
Binet. These names afford a sufficient guarantee of
the scientific and progressive character of the new un-
dertaking, and yet they do not indicate too exclusive a
leaning to the new psychology of the laboratory. Pub-
lication will, we understand, be bi-monthly.
We quote the following editorial note from the Lon-
don "Literary World." Is it a joke ?" Hans Breit-
mann, besides giving a certain historic 'barty,' has found
time for adventures varied enough to make his forth-
coming memoirs most interesting. He was one of the
Knickerbockers, but abandoned journalism for original
literary work. Then he became an educational re-
former, and not till comparatively late in life did he
find his real vocation as a poet. His poetical works are
being prepared for publication in the following order:
'The Book of Songs,' 'New Poems,' «Atta Troll, Ger-
many, and Romancers,' and ' Last Poems.'"
"Popular Astronomy" is the title of a new scientific
monthly for which we bespeak a welcome. It is edited
by Professor W. W. Payne, of Northfield, Minnesota,
who conducted "The Sidereal Messenger" for the ten
years of its existence, and who, with the assistance of
Professor George E. Hale, has edited " Astronomy and
Astro-Pbysics " for the past two years. The new mag-
azine is designed to interest amateurs and students, and
the number just issued contains articles by the best En-
glish and American writers, as well as a number of at-
tractive illustrations. The periodical should find a place
in every high school and college of the country, as well
as in the library of every family of young people.
An " Athenseum " reviewer has the following clearly
personal note on Rossetti: "To say that any artist could
take a. deeper interest in the work of a friend than in
his own seems bold, yet it could be said of Rossetti.
The mean rivalries of the literary character, that so
often make men experienced in the world shrink away
from it, found no place in that great heart. To hear
him recite in his musical voice the sonnet or lyric of
some unknown bard or bardling — recite it in such a
way as to lend the lines the light and music of his own
marvellous genius, while the bard or bardling listened
with head bowed low, so that the flush on his cheek
and the moisture in his eye should not be seen — this
was an experience that did indeed make the bardic life
'worth living.'"
THE "WESTERN SCHOOL" OF LITERATURE:
AN EASTERN COMMENT.
The Dial is glad to find its recent utterance on the
subject of "The Literary West" commended by so ex-
cellent an authority as the New York " Evening Post,"
which says: "There has been of late a general outbreak,
in magazines and newspapers, of articles about culture
and literature in the West, all of them prophesying,
and some of them professing to have discovered, a new
literary school in and about Chicago. This is variously
described, but the one mark upon which all the critics
and prophets agree is that the literature of the West
is to be absolutely novel and original. It is to cut
loose entirely from forms and standards prevalent in the
East and in England, and it is at last to give the genu-
ine American 'a voice.' After all this churning up of
foam it is a relief to turn to the words of truth and so-
berness spoken by the Chicago Dial. With the great-
est good sense it remarks:
"' It is time to have done with the notion, forced upon us
with wearisome iteration by certain writers, both Eastern and
Western, that the West is now developing:, or ever will de-
velop, a distinctive literature of its own. The West and the
East are peopled by the same sort of men and women, and
their work, when it deserves the name of literature at all,
has, and will have, the characteristics common to all good
writing in the English language. The distinction between
East and West will never be other than an artificial one;
even now many of the best writers of either section came to
it from the other. If the national centre of literary activity
follows the westward path of the centre of population, as
seems probable, it will carry with it the accepted literary tra-
dition, before which all crude local growths of tradition will
be forced to give way. The coming literature of the West
may be largely Western in its themes, but it will never be
Western in its manner, as certain blatant rhetoricians would
persuade us.'
"That states the case in a way to leave nothing to be
added, and we could wish that there were more such
signs of sanity discernible, East or West."
emerbon's friendships — the ideal and
THE REAL.
"What is so pleasant as these friendships, which
make a young world for me again? What so deli-
cious as a just and firm encounter of two, in a thought,
in a feeling? How l>eautiful the approach to us of the
steps and forms of the gifted and the true! I awoke
this morning with devout thanksgiving for my friends.
I chide society, I embrace solitude, and yet I am not
so ungrateful as not to see the wise, the lovely, and the
noble-minded, as from time to time they pass my gate."
— Emerson, Essay on Friendship.
"A few years ago, shortly after the death of Emer-
son, an English visitor to the philosophic village of
Concord was being shown the Emerson mansion by a
native who was not a philosopher. 'This,' said the
guide,' is the garden Mr. Emerson was so fond of tend-
ing; this is the path leading to his orchard-walk; this
is the window out of which he used to climb when he
saw Mr. Alcott walking up to the front door at the op-
posite side of the house."— English Review.
A RARE COPY OF WALTON'S ANGLER.
A decided rarity in the old-book line has lately been
imported to this country, and a gentleman at Cleveland,
Ohio, is the fortunate possessor thereof. For over two
years the Taylor-Austin Co. of that city have been
searching for an early copy of the first edition of Wal-
ton's Angler, and have just succeeded in obtaining an
unusually perfect copy of the same for their customer.
Although the price paid for this rare treasure is not
stated, yet a fair idea of its value can be formed from
the fact that the two last copies sold in London auc-
tion rooms brought £235 and £310 respectively. A
short description of this interesting book will not be
amiss, as comparatively few persons have been fortun-
ate enough to see a copy.
It was issued in 1653, and the title-page describes
it as "The Compleat Angler, or the Contemplative
Man's Recreation, being a discourse of Fish and An-
gling, not unworthy the perusal of most Anglers."
The title is followed by a quotation from Scripture, not
reproduced in the subsequent editions. Simon Peter
said, I go a fishing; and they said, We also toil go with


1893.]
235
THE DIAL
thee. The book was printed by T. Maxey, for Rich.
Marriot, in St. Dunstan's churchyard, Fleet Street,
1653. During the progress of the printing, and after
several copies had been sold, it was discovered that the
word " contentment" had been misprinted " contention."
This error has been worth thousands of dollars to deal-
ers in "first editions" in this later day, as its presence
marks the earliest impressions of the plates. It is pre-
sent in the Cleveland copy, and unmistakably establishes
its rarity and value.
What would good old Izaak have thought, had he
known that the book, no larger than one's band, which
he sold through Rich. Marriot's agency for eighteen
pence would be resold two and a half centuries later for
more than a thousand dollars!
THE TRIBULATIONS OF AUTHORSHIP: A CHAPTER
OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.
A writer in an English paper, who modestly describes
himself as a "literary beginner," gives an interesting
summary of his actual experience during the first five
months of his novitiate, from which it will appear that
industry and perseverance are qualities requisite to suc-
cess in authorship as in other pursuits, and that aspir-
ants for literary honors would do well not to expect too
much in the beginning of their career. During the period
named by this writer, he " wrote and offered to various
journals sixty-seven articles and stories, of which twenty-
seven were accepted, fifteen are 'under consideration,'
and twenty-five are in the drawer set apart for rejected
MSS. Some of these rejected ones," says our author,
"will be sent off again; others are obviously faulty."
Of the twenty-seven accepted MSS., we learn that
"sixteen were accepted at the first offer, five at the
second trial, two at the third time of asking, one at
the seventh, and three were 'ordered' by an editor on
the strength of a lucky article which pleased him.
The payments for these twenty-seven accepted MSS.
amounted to £96. 7s." Further details are as follows:
41 The 27 accepted MSS. were, in the aggregate, sent
out 42 times; the 15 which are 'out' have been offered,
in the aggregate, 37 times; and the 25 which are in the
4 rejected' drawer have received among them no fewer
than 78 refusals. Thus the whole 67 MSS. have had
a total of 157 separate trials. This means 314—27=287
journeys through the post, and up to the present time
not a single MS. has been lost,— a fact that speaks well
for both editors and postmen. The cost of postage,
both ways, of those 157 offers of MSS. has amounted to
£2. 5s. 2d.— say £3 if paper be included; thus the net
profit in respect of the 27 accepted MSS. is £96. 7s.
less £3, or £93. 7s. The foregoing are actual facts,"
adds the writer, "and the result is by no means dis-
couraging."
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October (Second List).
Africa's Settlement by Whites. Carl Peters. Forum.
Agnosticism. William Mat-Call. Monist.
Automatism and Spontaneity. Edmund Montgomery. Monist.
Beranger. Illus. C. Coquelin. Century.
Boys' Schools. Illus. Price Collier. Cosmopolitan.
Canoeing in America. Illus. Lee J. Vance. Cosmopolitan.
Cats of Henriette Ronner. Illus. T. A. Janvier. Century.
Cheaper Living and Wages. C. D. Wright. Forum.
Chemical Analysis and Poisoners. R. O. Doremus. Forum.
Colds, How to Avoid. C. A. Hough. Cosmopolitan.
College Admission Methods. Lucy M. Salmon. Educa'l Rev.
Coming Religion, The. Arena.
Drama, Revival of. Frederic Harrison. Forum.
Educational Congresses, Chicago. Gabriel Compayre\ Ed.Rev.
Educational Exhibits at the Fair. R. Waterman, Jr. Ed. Rev.
Fiction, Recent Books of. W. M. Payne. Dial (Oct. 16).
Financial Fallacies. D. A. Wells. Forum.
German Tramps. Illus. Josiah Flynt. Century.
German Universities at the Fair. Paul Cams. Monist.
Heredity vs. Evolntion. Theodore Gilman. Monist.
Irrigation. R. J. Hinton. Arena.
Irving's Shylock. Anna B. McMahan. Dial (Oct. 16).
Jowett, Benjamin. Dial (Oct. 16).
Literary Emancipation of the West. Hamlin Garland. Forum.
Mathematics, Present State of. Felix Klein. Monist.
Medical Etiquette. Ernest Hart. Forum.
Mental and Physical Correlation. J. Venn. Monist.
Mental Defect from Teacher's Standpoint. Educational Rev.
Napoleon's Voyage to St. Helena. J. R. Glover. Century.
Negro-Burning. Bishop A. G. Hapgood and C. H. Smith. For.
Newport, Old. Illus. Osmond Tiffany. Cosmopolitan.
New Star of 1802. E. S. Holden. Forum.
Old New England Days. Dial (Oct. 16).
Olmsted, Frederick Law. Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer. Cen.
Papyrus. Illus. Georg Ebers. Cosmopolitan.
Poe, Mr. Gosse's Puzzle over. John Burroughs. Dial (Oct. 16).
Pratt Institute. Illus. J. R. Campbell. Century.
Princesses, Rejected. Illus. Eleanor Lewis. Cosmopolitan.
Psychology of Crime. Henry Wood. .4rena.
Public Business and the Right to Steal. I. L. Rice. Forum.
Repplier, Miss Agnes. Edward E. Hale, Jr. Dial (Oct. 16).
Rome, Ancient. Illus. R. Lanciani. Cosmopolitan.
Rome and a New Republic. F. Marion Crawford. CosmopoVn.
Russia and the Russians. R.B.Anderson. Dial (Oct. 16).
Salvini's Autobiography — Conclusion. Century.
School Legislation, Recent. W. B. Shaw. Educational Rev.
South, The. Joshua Caldwell. Arena.
Street-Paving in America. Illus. Wm. Fortune. Century.
Weismann on Heredity. C. Lloyd Morgan. Monist.
West and Socialism. F. B. Tracy and C. S. Gleed. .Forum.
Whitman, Walt, in War-time. With portrait. Century.
Writer and his Hire, The. Dial (Oct. 16).
List of New Books.
[The following list, embracing 104 titles, includes all books
received by The Dial since last issue.\
ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS.
Ruy Bias: A Drama in Five Acts. By Victor Hugo. Edi-
tion-de-luxe, illus. with compositions by Adrien Moreau,
etched by Champollion. 4to, pp. 167, gilt top, uncut edges,
red slip covers. Estes & Lauriat. Boxed, $5.
Lucile. By Owen Meredith. Holiday edition, illus., large
8vo, pp. 284, gilt top, uncut edges. Estes & Lauriat.
Boxed, $4.
Lorna Doone : A Romance of Exraoor. By R. D. Black-
more. In 2 vols., illus., 12mo, gilt tops. T. Y. Crowell
& Co. Boxed, $3.
The Queen of the Adriatic; or, Venice, Mediaeval and
Modern. By Clara Erkskine Clement. Holiday edition,
illus., 8vo, pp. 380, gilt top, uncut edges, red slip covers.
Estes & Lauriat. Boxed, $3.
Aurellan, Emperor of Rome. By William Ware, author of
"Zenobia.' Illus., 8vo, pp. 405, gilt top, uncut edges.
Estes & Lauriat. Boxed, $2.50.
Tales from Shakespeare. Including those by Charles and
Mary Lamb, with a continuation by Harrison S. Morris.
In 4 vols., illus., liimo, gilt top, uncut edges. J. B. Lip-
pincott Co. Boxed, $4.
The Fables of La Fontaine. Translated by Elizur Wright,
with notes by J. W. M. Gibbs. In 2 vols., illus. with
etchings by Le Rat, 16mo, gilt top, uncut edges. Estes
& Lauriat. Boxed, $3.
The Abt<5 Constantin. By Ludovic Halevy. Illus. by Ma-
deleine Lemaire. 24rao, pp. 106, gilt top. Crowell's
"Handy Volume Classics. 75 cts.


236
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
HISTORY.
Sefton: A Descriptive and Historical Account. Compris-
ing the notes and researches of the late Rev. Engelhart
Hariey, M.A. By W. D. Caroe, M.A., and E. J. A. Gor-
don. Dins., large Hvo, pp. 520, gilt top, uncut edges.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $10.
The Buccaneers of America, both English and French.
By John Esquenieling. Faithfully rendered into English,
with facsimiles of all the original engravings, etc. Large
8vo, pp. 008, gilt top. Imported by Chas. Scribner's
Sons. $5.
The Glided Man (El Dorado), and Other Pictures of the
Spanish Occupancy of America. By A. F. Bandolier, au-
thor of "Mexico." 12mo, pp. 302. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50.
The Jews of Angevin England. By Joseph Jacobs. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 425, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Statesmen. By Noah Brooks. Illus., 8vo, pp. 347, gilt top,
uncnt edges. Appletons' "Men of Achievement." $2.
net.
Men of Business. By William O. Stoddard. Illus., Svo,
pp. 317, gilt top, unout edges. Appletons' "Men of
Achievement." $2. net.
Noah Porter: A Memorial by Friends. Edited by George
S. Merriam. Illus., Hvo, pp. 306, gilt top. Chas. Scrib-
ner's Sons. $2.
In re Walt Whitman. Edited by his literary executors,
Horace L. Traubel, R. M. Bucke, and T. B. Harned.
Large Svo. pp. 452, gilt top, uncnt edges. David Mc-
Kay. $2 net.
Leaves from the Autobiography of Tomasso Salvlni.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 240, gilt top, uncut edges. Century Co.
$1.50.
General Johnston. By Robert M. Hughes. With portrait,
12mo, pp. 353, gilt top, uncut edges. Appletons' "Great
Commanders." $1.50.
Lord dive. By Colonel G. B. Malleson, C.S.I. With map,
12rao, pp. 229, uncut. Macmillan & Co. 60 cts.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Historical Tales : American, English. French, German. In
4 vols., illus., ltiino, gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co.
Boxed, $5.
Hlc et Ublque. By Sir William Fraser, Baronet, author of
"Disraeli and His Day." 18mo, pp. 317, uncut. Im-
ported by Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Early Printed Books. By E. Gordon Duff. Svo, pp. 220,
uncut. Imported by Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
Arts and Crafts Essays. By Members of the Arts and
Crafts Exhibition Society, with preface by William Mor-
ris, l'-'mo, pp. 420, unout. Imported by Chas. Scribner's
Sons. $2.50.
Dictionary of Quotations from Ancient and Modem
Sources. Including phrases, motoes, etc. Selected and
compiled by the Rev. James Wood, editor of " Nuttall's
Standard Dictionary." Svo, pp. 660. F. Warne & Co. $2.50.
Bulls and Blunders. Edited by Marshall Brown. 12mo,
pp. 304. S. C. Griggs & Co. $1.
The Trial of Sir John FalstafT. By A. M. F. Randolph.
16mo, pp. 295. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The 8trike at Arllngford: A Play in Three Acts. By
George Moore. 12rao, pp. 175, gilt top, uncut edges.
Imported by Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75.
POETRY".
The Great Remembrance, and Other Poems. By Richard
Watson Gilder, ltjmo, pp. 87, gilt top. Century Co. 75 cts.
Retrospect, and Other Poems. By A. Mary F. Robinson
(Mme. James Darmesteter). With frontispiece, 16mo,
pp. 88, gilt top, uncut edges. "Cameo Series." Roberts
Bros. $1.
For Fifty Years: Verses Written on Occasion. By Edward
E. Hale. 16mo, pp. 133. Roberts Bros. $1.
On the Road Home. Poems by Margaret E. Sangster. Il-
lus., 16mo, pp. 145, gilt top. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
The Countess Kathleen, and Various Legends and Lyrics.
By W. B. Yeates. With frontispiece, lOmo, pp. 141, gilt
top, nncut edges. "Cameo Series." Roberts Bros. $1.
Poems at Home. By James Whitcomb Riley. Dlus. by E.
W. Kemble, 16rao, pp. 187, gilt top. Century Co. $1.50.
Faith, Hope, Love, these Three: Hymns and Metrical
Psalms. By Thomas MacKellar, Ph.D. With portrait,
12mo, pp. 262. Porter & Coates. $1.25.
FICTION.
The White Islander. By Mary Hartwell Catherwood, au-
thor of " The Romance of Dollard." Dlus., Svo, pp. 164,
gilt top. Century Co. $1.25.
The Two Salomes: A Novel. By Maria Louise Pool, au-
thor of "Roweny in Boston." 12mo, pp. 372. Harper
it Bros. $1.25.
Sweet Bells Out of Tune. By Mrs. Burton Harrison, au-
thor of "The Anglomaniacs." Illus. by Gibson, l'-'mo,
pp. 231, gilt top, uncut edges. Century Co. $1.25.
Balcony Stories. By Grace King, author of " Tales of a
Time and Place." Bins., l'-'mo, pp. 245, gilt top, rough
edges. Century Co. $1.25.
The Son of a Prophet. By George Anson Jackson. 16mo,
pp.394. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Wheel of Time, etc. By Henry James. 12mo, pp.221 >,
uncut. Harper & Bros. $1.
Thumb-Nail Sketches. By George Wharton Edwards.
Bins., 32mo, pp. 113, gilt edges. Century Co. Leather, $1.
Miss Stuart's Legacy. By Mrs. F. A. Steel, l'-'mo. pp. 460.
Macmillan & Co. $1.
The Man from Blankley'8, and Other Sketches from
"Punch." By F. Anstey, author of " Vice Versfi." Il-
lus., sq. Hvo, pp. 161. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.75.
Out of the Summer Sea. By Albion W. Tourgee. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 462. Merrill & Baker. $1.75.
REPRINTS OF STANDARD FICTION.
The Abbot. By Sir Walter Scott. "Drvburgh'' edition,
illus., 8vo, pp. 453, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Kenilworth. By Sir Walter Scott. "Dryburgh " edition,
illus., 12mo, pp. 473, unout. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
White Heather. By William Black, new revised edition,
16mo, pp. 477. Harper & Bros. SO cts.
Sabina Zembra. By William Black, new revised edition,
16mo, pp. 509. Harper & Bros. 80 cts.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Lovell's Belmore Series: Micah Clarke, by A. Conan Doyle;
The Romance of a French Parsonage, by M. Betham-
Edwards; The Princes of Peele, by William Westell.
Each, Kiino, 50 cts.
Harper's Franklin Square Library : Dr. Mirabel's Theory,
by Ross George Dering; Svo, pp. 340. 50 cto.
Bonner's Choice Series: Love, by Honore de Balzac, tr. by
F. H. Shepard; illus., 16mo, pp. 309. 50 cts.
Rand-McNally Globe Library: La Beata, by T. A. Trol-
lope; 16mo, pp. 239. 25 cts.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Chinese Nights' Entertainments: Forty Stories told by
Almond-eyed Folk, Actors in the Romance of "The
Strayed Arrows." By Adele M. Field. IUus. by Chi-
nese artists, Svo, pp. 194. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
Chronicles of Fairyland. By Fergus Hume. Bins., large
Svo, pp. 191. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Wreck of the Golden Fleece: The Story of a North Sea
Fisher-Boy. By Robert Leighton, author of "The Thirsty
Sword." Illus., l'-'mo, pp. 352. Chas. Scribner's Sons.
$1.50.
Westward with Columbus. By Gordon Stables, author of
"'Twixt School and College." Illus., 12mo, pp. 352.
Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The White Cave. By William O. Stoddard, author of
"Crowded Out o' Crofield." Dins., Svo, pp. 254. Cen-
tury Co. $1.50.
Chllhowee Boys. By Sarah E. Morrison. Bins., 12mo, pp.
434. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
On the Old Frontier ; or, The Last Raid of the Iroqnois.
By William O. Stoddard, author of "Little Smoke."
Bins., l'-'mo, pp. 340. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
A Dog of Flanders, and Other Stories. By Louisa de la
Karat! (Ouida). Illus. by E. H. Garrett, Svo, pp. 245.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.


1893.]
237
THE DIAL
Twenty Little Maidens. By Amy E. Blanchard. IIlus.
byIdaWaugh,8vo,pp.l60. J. B. Lippinoott Co. $1.30.
Six Boys. By Elizabeth W. Charapney, author of " Three
Vassar Girls." lllus., 8vo, pp. 235. Estes & Lauriat.
SI.50.
Windfalls of Observation. Gathered for the edification of
the young and the solace of others, by Edward Sandford
Martin. 16rao, pp. 312. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Margaret Davis, Tutor. By Anna C. Ray, author of " Half
a Dozen Boys." Bins., 12rao, pp. 357. T. Y. dwell &
Co. $1.25.
Jenny Wren's Boarding House : A Story of Newsboy Life
in New York. By James Otis, author of " Toby Tyler."
IIlus., 8vo, pp. 173. Estes & Lauriat. $1.25.
Brothers and Strangers. By Agnes Blake Poor (Dorothy
Prescott). Kiino, pp. 321. Roberts Bros. $1.
Ruby's Ups and Downs. By Minnie E. Paull, author of
"Prince Dimple." IIlus., ISnio, pp. 244. Estes & Laur-
iat. $1.
Worth Having. From " The Pansy." Bins., 16mo, pp. 250.
D. Lothrop Co. $1.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. By Lewis Carroll.
New edition, illus., 18mo, pp. 218. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.
Topsys and Turveys. Illus. in color, oblong, pp. 31. Cen-
tury Co. $1.
The Brownies at Home. By Palmer Cox. Illus., 4to, pp.
144. Century Co. $1.50.
Little Ones Annual for 1803-4. Profusely illus., 4to,
pp. 384. Estes & Lauriat. $1.75.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Our Great West_: A Study of Present Conditions and Fu-
ture Possibilities. By Julian Ralph. Illus., large 8vo,
pp. 480. Harper & Bros. $2.50.
To Oipsyland. Written by Elizabeth Robins Pennell, and
illustrated by Joseph Pennell. Blus., 12mo, pp. 240, gilt
top, rough edges. Century Co. $1.50.
An Embassy to Provence. By Thomas A. Janvier. Illus.,
1 ■Juki. pp. 132, gilt top. Century Co. $1.25.
A Japanese Interior. By Alice Mabel Bacon, author of
"Japanese Girls and Women." 16mo, pp. 267. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland. By J. Theodore
Bent. With a chapter on the Orientation and Mensur-
ation of the Temples, by R. M. W. Swan. New edition,
illus., 12mo, pp. 425, uncut. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.50.
The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Pre-
sentation of the World's Science, Art, and Industry as
viewed through the Columbian Exposition. By Hubert
Howe Bancroft. In 25 parts, with 3000 illustrations, 1000
folio pages. Chicago: The Bancroft Co. Per part, $1.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
Our Indian Protectorate: Relations between the British
Government and its Indian Feudatories. By Charles
Lewis Topper, of the Indian Civil Service. Large 8vo,
pp. 426, uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co. $5.
Factors in American Civilization: Studies in Applied
Sociology. Lectures and discussions before the Brook-
lyn Ethical Association. 12mo, pp. 417. D. Appleton
& Co. $2.
The Cosmopolts City Club. By Washington Gladden.
1-mo, pp. 135. Century Co. $1.
Public Assistance of the Poor in France. By Emily
Greene Batch, A.B. 8vo, pp. 180, paper. Am. Economic
Ass'n. $1.
Industrial Arbitration and Conciliation: Industrial His-
tory of the Past Thirty Years. Compiled by Josephine
Shaw Lowell. 12mo, pp. 116. Putnam's "Questions of
the Day." 75 cts.
Slavery In Connecticutt. By Bernard C. Steiner, Ph.D.
Svo, pp. 84, paper. Johns Hopkins Press. 75 cts.
Inland Waterways and Transportation. By Emory R.
Johnson, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 164, paper. Am. Academy Po-
litical Science.
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY.
The Witness to Immortality in Literature, Philosophy,
and Life. By George A. Gordon. 12mo, pp. 320, gilt top.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Eternal Reality in the Lockian Philosophy. By William
H. Samuel, A.M. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 137. J. B.
Lippincott Co.
EDUCATION-ROOKS FOR SCHOOLS.
The Public-School System of the United States. By
Dr. J. M. Rice. 12mo, pp. 308. Century Co. $1.50.
Apperception : A Monograph on Psychology and Pedagogy.
By Dr. Karl Lange. Translated by members of the ller-
bart Club, and edited by Charles de Garmo. liimo, pp.
279. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.
History and Literature in Grammar Grades. By J. H.
Phillips, Ph.D. 16rao, pp. 17, paper. D. C. Heath &
Co. 13 cts.
Vergil's Aeneld (Six Books) and The Bucolics. By Wil-
liam R. Harper, Ph.D., and Frank J. Miller, Ph.D.
Blus., 12mo, pp. 564. American Book Co. $1.50.
First and Second Latin Book and Practical Grammar.
By Thomas Kerchever Arnold. Revised edition, l'-'mo,
pp. 416. American Book Co. $1.
Eutropius, Books I. and II. Edited by Watson Caldecott,
B.A. 24mo, pp. 63. Longmans, Green, & Co. 50 cts.
Petite Hlstoire de la Litteraturo Franniise. Par Del-
phine Duval. 16mo, pp. 339. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.20.
Episodes from Francois le Champi. Par George Sand.
Edited by C. Sankey, M.A. 24mo, pp. 136. Longmans,
Green, & Co. 40 cts.
La Prise de la Bastille. Par J. Michelet. Edited and an-
notated by Jules Luquiens, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 55, paper.
Ginn&Co. 2.3 cts.
The Lady of the Lake. By Sir Walter Scott. Kinio, pp.
192. American Book Co. 30 cts.
GAMES AND SPORTS.
Fishing Experiences of Half a Century. With instruc-
tions in the use of the fast reel. By Major F. Powell
Hopkins. Blus., 12mo, pp. 223, uncut. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $2.
Book of College Sports. By Walter Camp. Blus., 8vo, pp.
330, gilt top. Century Co. $1.75.
Indian Clubs. By G.T.B.Cobbet and A. F. Jenkin. Blus.,
16mo, pp. 115. Macmillan & Co. 60 cts.
MISCELLANEO US.
The True Woman: Elements of Character drawn from the
Life of Mary Lyon and others. Bins., 12mo, pp. 350. T.
Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50.
The Easiest Way in Housekeeping and Cooking. By Helen
Campbell, author of " In Foreign Kitchens. 12mo, pp.
293. Roberts Bros. $1.
PrJLr-I ril-^ For Sale as.a Whole. The
rUI IV~ L'UI C* Library of an English Folk-
lorist consisting of 2665 works (about 8000 vol-
umes) and comprising an exceedingly rich collec-
tion of Works on Comparative Mythology. Pop-
ular Tales and Ballads of all Nations, Legendary
History and Topography of Celtic Ireland, Occult
Science, Proverbs, a special collection of editions
of and books on Reynard Fox, etc., etc.
For manuscript catalogue and further particulars,
apply to
FREDERICK H. HILD,
Public Library, Chicago.
Cf^D CAT C In original packages, a com-
rUfV JrtLC' plete set of the Historical
Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, comprising 39
volumes, 8vo, with maps and illustrations, bound in
leather. Published price is $214.50. Bids are re-
spectfully invited.
Address, B. G. F., care The Dial, Chicago.


238
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
PERFECT FREEDOM.
Bishop Phillips Brooks.
The 'Beauty of a Life of Service.
Thought and tAftion.
The Duty of the Christian Business Man.
True Liberty.
The Christ in whom Christians Believe.
^Abraham Lincoln.
With an etched Portrait by W. H. W. Bicknell.
1 vol., 16mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.00.
Chas. E. Brown & Co., 53 State St., Boston.
(A GUIDE FOR AMATEURS.)
HOW TO JUDGE A HORSE.
BY CAFT. F. W. BACH.
A concise treatise as to its Qualities and Soundness—including
Bite and Bitting—Saddles and Saddling—Stable Drainage, Driving,
and Training.
12mo, cloth, fully illustrated, $1.00. For sale by all booksellers,
or postpaid on receipt of price.
WILLIAM R. JENKINS,
Publisher or Veteiunaey Books.
851 and 853 SIXTH AVE. (48th STREET), N. Y.
AKAEQir" J\J J A History of the Indian Wars
C/1JYlCl\l K-,Sil\St. With the First Settlers of the
United States to the commencement of the Late War; to-
gether with an Appendix containing interesting Accounts of
the Battles fought by General Andrew Jackson. With two
Plates. Rochester, N. Y., 1828.
Two hundred signed and numbered copies have just been
reprinted at $2.00 each.
GEORGE P. HUMPHREY,
25 Exchange Street, Rochester, N. Y.
REMEMBER
That the Erie lines have the following to offer:
Solid trains between Chicago and New York.
No change of cars, any class of tickets.
Vestibule limited trains.
Pullman dining and sleeping cars.
Pullman sleeping cars to Boston and to Colum-
bus, Ohio.
Fare two dollars less than by lines offering same
service.
If you are thinking of making a trip East it will
pay you to call at the Chicago office of the Erie,
242 Clark Street, Grand Pacific Hotel Building.
fHE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION. Fo*
* Authors: The skilled revision, the unbiassed and com-
petent criticism of prose and verse; advice as to publication.
Fob Publishers: The compilation of first-class works of
reference. — Established 1880. Unique in position and suc-
cess. Indorsed by our leading writers. Address
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED.
NAPOLEON: A Drama.
By Richmond Sheffield Dement. Second Edition. First
Edition sold without advertising. Paper, 50c.; cloth, $1.50;
leather, $2.00; white crushed levant, $3.50.
"Mr. Dement has done honor to himself and to literature." —Inter
Ocean. "The rhythmic march of stately periods."—Commercial Ad'
vertiter. "Will be read with great interest and pleasure." — Ouiing.
*' A drama in heroic mould." —• Current Literature. "The conception
is elevated, the treatment fine."—National Tribune. "Worthy of our
attention and admiration."—Journal of Education.
ALL BOOKSELLERS.
THE NAPOLEON PUBLISHING CO.,
Room COO, Rand-McNally Building CHICAGO.
Autograph Letters and
Historical Documents.
&-SEXD FOR PRICE LISTS.
WALTER ROMEYN BENJAMIN,
No. 287 Fourth Avenue, New York Citt.
EDUCATIONAL.
MICHIGAN FEMALE SEMINARY, Kalamazoo, Mich.
A superior school and refined home. Number of students
limited. Terms $250. Send for Catalogue. Opens Sep-
tember 14, 1893. Brick buildings, passenger elevator, and
steam heat.
BINGHAM SCHOOL (FOR BOYS), Asheville, N. C.
I 70.1.— Establish*!! IK 1703.— 1803.
201st Session begins Sept. 1,1893. Maj. R. Bingham. Snpt.
ROCKFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, Rocklord, 111.
Forty-fifth year begins Sept. 13,1893. College course and
excellent preparatory school. Specially organized departments
of Music and Art. Four well-equipped laboratories. Good
growing library, fine gymnasium, resident physician. Memo-
rial Hall enables students to much reduce expenses. For cat-
alogue address Sarah F. Anderson, Principal (Lock box 52).
YOUNO LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J.
Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course.
Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils.
Pleasant family life. Fall term opens Sept. 13, 1893.
Miss Eunice D. Sew all, Principal.
MISS OIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, New York City.
No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. Sarah H. Emerson, Principal.
Will re-open Oct. 4. A few boarding pupils taken.
GIRLS' COLLEGIATE SCHOOL, Chicago, III.
Nob. 479-481 Dearborn Ave. Seventeenth year. Prep
For Young
for College, and gives special courses of study.
Ladies and Children. Miag R g R,CK A M
Miss M. E. Bkedy, A.M
'repares
'Young
Principals.
MISS CLAOETT'S HOME AND DAY SCHOOL FOR OIRLS.
Boston, Mass., 252 Marlboro' St. Reopens October 3.
Specialists in each Department. References: Rev. Dr. Don-
ald, Trinity Church; Mrs. Louis Aoassiz, Cambridge;
Pres. Walker, Institute of Technology.
NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, Boston, Mass.
Founded by Carl Faelten,
Dr. Eben Touroee. Director.
THE LEADIKO CONSERVATORY OF AMERICA.
In addition to its nnequaled musical advantages, excep-
tional opportunities are also provided for the study of Elocu-
tion, the Fine Arts, and Modern Language!. The admirably
equipped Home affords a safe and inviting residence for lady
students. Calendar free.
Frank W. Hale, General Manager,
Franklin Square, Boston, Mass.


1893.]
239
THE DIAL
THE DIAL'S CONTRIBUTORS.
The following list, which includes all the names that have been signed to articles in The Dial since its begin-
ning, is published for the purpose of showing how varied are the intellectual interests represented by the review,
and how serious and authoritative its contents. It will be noticed that the institutions of higher learning have
furnished The Dial with a large proportion of its contributors, and that our most important universities, with
hardly an exception, are represented in the list. The Dial feels that it has reason to be proud of a list that
includes the chief justice of the United States, presidents or professors of some thirty colleges and universities,
and many of the most distinguished private scholars in the country.
Pres. C. K. Adams, University of Wis.
Prof. H. C. Adams, University of Mich.
Prof. H. I!. Adams, Johns Hopkins Univ.
•Prof. W. F. Allen, University of Wis.
Prof. E. P. Anderson, Miami University.
Prof. M. B. Anderson, Stanford Univ.
Prof. R. B. Anderson, late U. S. Minis-
ter to Denmark.
Dr. Edmund Andrews, President Chicago
Aeademy of Sciences.
"Hon. Isaac N. Arnold, Chicago.
•Walter R. Barnes, Stevens Point, Wis.
Ehvyn A. Barron, Chicago.
Prof. John Bascom. Williams College.
Lieut. Fletcher S. Bassett, Chicago.
Rev. George Batchelor, Lowell, Mass.
Prof. Geo. Baur, University of Chicago.
Dr. R. O. Beard, Minneapolis, Minn.
Pres. W. M. Blackburn, University of
North Dakota.
Rev. J. Vila Blake, Chicago.
Louis J'. Block, Chicago.
Charles C. Bonney, Pres. World's Con-
gress Auxiliary, Chicago.
Lewis H. Boutell, Evanston, HI.
Prof. H. H. Boyesen. Columbia College.
Francis F. Browne, Editor The Dial.
John Burroughs. West Park, N. Y.
Mary E. Burt, Chicago.
George W. Cable, Northhampton, Mass.
F. I. Carpenter, Chicago.
Prof. H. S. Carhart, Universityof Mich.
Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Hoopston,
Prof. T. C. Chamberlin, Univ. of Chicago
"Pres. A. L. Chapin, Beloit College.
'James F. Claflin, Chicago High School.
H. W. S. Cleveland, Minneapolis, Minn.
Dr. Titus Munson Coan, New York City.
Mrs. H. A. F. Cochrane, Chester, N. H.
Rev. Robert CoUyer, New York City.
Prof. Albert S. Cook, Yale University.
Hon. Thomas M. Cooley, Univ. of Mich.
Prof. C. H. Cooper, Carleton College.
Dr. Elliott Cones, Smithsonian Institn'n.
Rev. Joseph H. Crooker, Helena, Mont.
Prof. E. L. Curtis, Yale University.
W. P. Cutler, Columbus, O.
Clarence L. Dean, Marshall, Mich.
VanBuren Denslow, New York City.
Mrs. Anna Farwell DeKoven, N. Y. City.
Eugene L. Didier, Baltimore, Md.
Prof. D. K. Dodge, Universityof Illinois.
Col. Theo. A. Dodge, U.S.A., Boston.
Prof. M. L. D'Ooge, University of Mich.
Prof. J. G. Dow, Univ. of South Dakota.
Pitts Duffield, Mackinac Island, Mich.
Prof. Louis Dyer, Oxford, England.
Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, Academy of Sci-
ences, San Francisco, Cal.
Prof. Richard T. Ely, University of Wis.
Prof. 0. F. Emerson, Cornell University.
Edgar Fawoett, New York City.
C. Norman Fay, Chicago.
H. W. Fay. Vt estborough, Mass.
Walter T. Field, Chicago.
James E. Foreman, Chicago.
William Dudley Foulke, Richmond, Ind.
Mrs. Mary H. Ford, Kansas City, Mo.
Prof. N. C. Fredericksen, late of the Uni-
versity of Copenhagen.
Miss Alice French (Octave Thanet), Da-
venport, la.
Chas. W. French, Chicago High School.
W. M. R. French, Director of Art Insti-
tute, Chicago.
Hon. Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice
of the United States.
Henry B. Fuller. Chicago.
William Elliott Furness, Chicago.
Prof. C. M. Gayley, Univ. of California.
Frank Gilbert. Chicago.
Rev. Simeon Gilbert, Chicago.
Richard Watson Gilder, New York City.
Rev.Washington Gladden, Columbus, 0.
Frederick W. Gookin, Chicago.
Mrs. Genevieve Grant, Chicago.
Prof. Edward E. Hale, Jr., Univ. of Iowa
Dr. Fitzedward Hall, Marlesford, Eng.
Prof. Newton M. Hall, Iowa College.
Prof. J. J. Halsey, Lake Forest Univ.
Rev. Leon A. Harvey. Des Moines, la.
Prof. C. H. Haskins, University of Wis.
Prof. J. T. Hatfield. Northwestern Univ.
Prof. George Hempi, University of Mich.
Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, Chicago.
Rev. Brooke Herford, London, England.
James L. High, Chicago.
Prof. Emil G. Hirsch, Univ. of Chicago.
Prof. E. S. Holden, Di