e psycho-
logical moment," now conceded to be a blundering
translation, or application, of the German das psy-
ohologische moment (that is, the psychological mo-
mentum, or impulse). It is probable, however, that
in defiance of logic "the psychological moment,"
like " the personal equation," will continue to enjoy
an undeserved reputation for peculiar aptness and
force.
The metrical instinct, the impulse to express
oneself in verse rather than in prose, is almost a
primitive instinct, manifesting itself in all literatures
before the development of a prose style. It is
natural, therefore, that many of the crude attempts,
both printed and unprinted, of ambitious young
people to achieve the dignity of authorship should
take (or endeavor to take) metrical form. But the
reader of these zealous efforts must often wonder
what the writers' notions of rhyme and metre really
are, or whether they consciously possess any such
notions. The Sunday issue of a metropolitan news-
paper which is indulgent toward embryonic poets
lately printed on a single page ten of these amateur
effusions in verse — or in what bore the outward
appearance of verse. The first of them, under the
promising title, "Glorified by Love," canters along
briskly for a line or two, then abruptly halts, then
breaks into a walk, alternating gaits in a bone-
shaking fashion throughout. The first line runs,
not unglibly: "Today as I was passing through the
busy scenes of town"—a good, swinging metre;
but before the end of the second line is reached
(" I saw an humble mendicant, crouching, head
bowed down") the rhythm disappointingly halts,
though the rhyme is irreproachable. A little further
on, however, the poet suffers ignominious defeat in
both particulars. A sufficiently fluent line, " But as
I stood condemned, yet weak, unable to give help,"
is thus feebly supported: "Two brothers stalked
across my path — they in duty forgot self." Do
verse-endings such as these, we wonder, answer each
other's call for help — in the writer's mind? It is
an amusing study, that page of would-be poetry by
contemporary authors not yet famous, and it dis-
plays prodigious zeal, whatever its deficiency of
knowledge.
The finality of first impressions in the book-
world, commercially considered, is a rule proved by
some conspicuous exceptions. Edward FitzGerald's
"Omar" languished in the market for years, with
almost no sales, and had suffered the indignity of
being marked down to a penny in the London book-
stalls when a discerning eye caught sight of it, and
an appreciative word gave it a wide vogue. Lew
Wallace's "Ben-Hur" did not at first find popular
favor, only twenty-five hundred copies being sold in
two years. Then the tide turned, for some reason,
in its favor, and it made a record for large sales.
The appearance of Mr. Hall Gaine's pamphlet,
"Why I Wrote ' The White Prophet,'" after it had
become painfully evident that book-buyers were
not jostling one another to secure copies of the
Manxman's new novel, moves one to doubt whether
the author has acted with either professional dig-
nity or commercial wisdom. Qui s'excuse s'accuse.
If the novel shows deficient vitality on the market,
no amount of explanation why it should be ac-
counted a memorable production will breathe into
it the breath of life.
The best-housed amateur journal in the
world may safely be pronounced to be the "Har-
vard Lampoon," which has just moved into its new
forty-thousand-dollar building at the corner of Mt.
Auburn and Bow streets, the dedication of which
was celebrated with a grand gathering of former
"Lampoon " editors and other dignitaries, including
Professor Barrett Wendell, also an ex-Lampoonist,
who addressed the assembly informally. The
"Lampoon " dates from 1876; and it is one of its
founders, Mr. Edmund M. Wheelwright, of the class
of '76 and now practising architecture in Boston,
who designed and supervised the erection of the
new building. Foreign countries have been drawn
upon for ornamental finishings to the handsome
interior — including rare and costly furniture from
Holland, an Elizabethan mantelpiece from England,
leaded glass windows from Belgium, and tiles from
Delft. Material comfort and aesthetic satisfaction
have both been kept in mind in fitting up these
quarters for future generations of Lampoonists.
Long may this piquant representative of college wit
live to excite the mirth of its readers!
The shifting sands of orthoepy are so very
unstable that it might almost be questioned whether
there is, after all, any such science. The other day
in London a lecturer before the Elizabethan Society
dwelt on the not universally understood fact that our


142
[March 1,
THE
DIAL
pronunciation is changing so rapidly that, were Shake-
speare now alive, he would probably be unable to
understand one of his own plays as presented on the
modern stage. In illustration of this ceaseless change
— a change that reveals itself in the rhymed verses
of our poets of various periods—the lecturer adduced
the word "time," whose pronunciation in Chaucer's
day he represented by the spelling " teem," in Shake-
speare's by the spelling " tame," and in modern cock-
ney by "toime." Instruction in English at school
tends to hold cockneyisms in check, and acts un-
doubtedly as a beneficent hindrance to all erratic
tendencies in pronounciation. But no living lan-
guage will ever crystallize into rigid and changeless
forms, whether in grammar or spelling or mode of
utterance. Hence the folly of hoping for a perman-
ently satisfactory scheme of phonetic spelling.
• • •
A library for printers, erected by printers, is
a sort of standing refutation of the time-honored
saying that the shoemaker's children go barefoot and
the tailor's family dresses in rags. The Printers'
Home at Colorado Springs, founded and maintained
by the Union Printers of America, has just made a
$30,000 addition to its fine buildings, in the shape
of a library to house its excellent collection of books,
about 11,000 in number. It is proposed to make it
eventually far more attractive and home-like than
the usual public library. The main building of the
Printers' Home was dedicated in 1892, and the
property, including extensive subsequent additions,
is now valued at a million dollars.
COMM UNICA TIONS.
THE "BEST SELLER" AND THE GENTEEL
ATMOSPHERE.
(To the Editor of Thb Dial.)
When will there arise an author of popular fiction
courageous enough to come forward and reveal his
formula? It is quite patent on the very cover of every
successful novel, and so unvarying that it is with diffi-
culty one distinguishes a season's books apart; yet the
writers wink at each other, so to speak, and seem to
imagine it a secure professional secret.
One might have looked for some such disclosure among
"The Confessions of a Best Seller" in a recent number
of "The Atlantic "; butwhoeverdid so was disappointed.
This anonymous author, like the rest of his craft, would
have us believe that the " best seller " sells because of
its absorbing plot interest. It must be a tale of incident,
he tells us, which by reason of its plunging melodrama—
lost messages, fights on the stairs, etc. — can give the
tired business man an evening of self-forgetfulness.
What a slanderous absurdity! This may be the com-
pelling force in paper-covered " Diamond Dicks," but
the " Atlantic " contributor describes his novels as sell-
ing at a dollar and eighteen cents; and to accuse popular
fiction at this price of real plot interest, is calumny. As
if the American people were of so purposeless and extrav-
agant a temperament that they would pay millions of
dollars a year merely to be entertained! No, we are of
more serious stock; and the people who buy new books—
not tired business men, but women mostly — are after
something more than a good story, and are willing to
pay for it; and that something is — the genteel atmo-
sphere.
The genteel atmosphere! Who ever saw a "best
seller" with a suggestion of anything so vulgar as pov-
erty, — with a heroine who makes her own shirt-waists,
and a hero noble and handsome but a little short of
money! How disgusting! Such books have been written,
it is true, and have taken a high rank in literature; but
they are not used for window displays in the depart-
ment stores of our time. No, the love scenes in your
popular novel must take place in a gondola in Venice,
and there must be a familiarity with expensive cafe's,
and rare curios, and Italian phrases; and by all means
let there be no mention of locomotion other than in
automobiles — at least until aeroplanes become more
plausible. Why is all this? It is self-evident. We
cannot all go to Europe, or keep a coachman; and hence
— the "best seller." One must somehow acquire the
genteel atmosphere.
But it may be objected that books which reproduce
aristocratic society most faithfully are often not popu-
lar; and again, the atmosphere of the successful novel
is frequently not one of gentility at all. People of good
breeding do not act and talk as these characters do.
True; and I have used the term merely in a technical
sense. For the genteel atmosphere of the "best seller"
is a thing by itself, whose actual counterpart does not
exist in heaven or on earth. Yet it is in the creation of
this atmosphere that the author proves himself, not a
clever story-teller only, but a genius. Such a book is
based upon psychology, not fact. Its requisites are
two: first, that the setting be unquestionably fashion-
able; second, that the characters be dressed in all the
trappings and suits of affluence, but underneath they
shall be not such people as one really finds in well-bred
society, but — the readers themselves. Otherwise your
genteel atmosphere will be dull and incomprehensible
to the bulk of your audience.
What we, the buyers of " best sellers," want is not
to stand and stare at an alien and to us stupid group of
men and women. We want to have the rosy Utopia of
wealth and ease presented in such a way that we can
feel it — can imagine ourselves in the midst of it and a
part of it. And to this end it is absolutely essential that
the characters be at bottom very like ourselves. We
want to be lifted gently, so that we do not feel the jar,
from our vulgarly crowded street-car bench to the luxu-
rious motor-car on its tour through France. We do not
want to stand on the bank and watch the gondola, but
to be in it ourselves, — to have the people there say and
do the things that we imagine we should say and do if
we found ourselves in a gondola.
When your neighbor presses upon you the latest book,
her enthusiastic recommendation is sure to be accom-
panied by the apology, "There is n't much to the story,
you know; it's the way it is told." Of course it is.
Away with your claims of plot interest! And by "the
way it is told " she means that she has wiped the dish-
water from her hands — not knowing that there may be
more real gentility in dishwater than in a bunch of
orchids — and has sat down to a delicious hour of " good
society." She has covertly made note of carelessly
dropped references to the opera and to out-of-the-way
spots in Switzerland (they may embellish her conversa-
tion later), and has laughed with the author over the
inappropriateness of a hostess serving Burgundy with


1910.]
143
THE
DIAL
fish. She — the reader — never serves Burgundy with
anything; but the author does not suspect that. For
indeed the best part of it all is the delightful way in
which he takes you into his confidence and chats non-
chalantly about elegant things, — never being so com-
monplace as to suggest that you know there are people
who do not ride in automobiles and go to Europe every
year. Oh, it is exquisite, this bath of gentility; and
the thing that makes it so is the fact that your neighbor
really feels herself a part of it, — because the heroine
is, after all, just such a person as she herself might be
with the addition of a Worth gown to her wardrobe, a
title to her name, and a few French phrases to her
vocabulary.
The author who can make this delicate connection
most adroitly is the one who gets the most money for
his books; he who can reduce the life of "smart"
society just to the plane where it will touch the imagi-
nation of the uninitiated while still floating tantalizingly
above their reach. After all, is it such a mean service?
It affords a deal of comfort in a cold and unfair world;
and if the instinct to imitate one's betters is snobbish
and Philistine, so are some of the instincts on the part
of the betters themselves.
But thus it is that we have books sparkling with
unbelievably trite quotations, and repartee that would
cause nausea in a half-way good conversationalist; this
is why we have duchesses flirting in a manner that
would be charming in a shop-girl, and bishops (figura-
tively speaking) with their hats on one side of their
heads. This is why it is, in short, that the windows of
our department stores are full of " best sellers " decor-
ated with a portrait of the heiress in an evening gown —
neat little packages of genteel atmosphere at a dollar
and eighteen cents, and cheap at the price; and why
our popular novelist pockets his prodigious royalties for
being, not a story-writer, but a shrewd psychologist.
Prudence Pratt McConn.
Urbana, Illinois, February 25, 1910.
A REPRODUCTION OF THE CAEDMON MS.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Professor John M. Manly, during his recent visit to
England, made arrangements with the Oxford University
Press for the reproduction in facsimile of the Caedmon
manucript in the Bodleian Library. The manuscript
consists of 260 large pages, and is of especial interest,
not only on account of the importance of the text and
the very remarkable illustrations, but because of the
system of metrical points, which cannot be studied to
advantage without exact reproduction. The University
Press have agreed to issue a collotype to subscribers at
five guineas net; only one hundred copies will be pub-
lished, and it is likely that the reproduction will increase
in value with the lapse of time.
In cooperation with Professor Manly and Professor
G. L. Kittredge, I brought the undertaking before the
Modern Language Association of America at the East-
ern meeting at Cornell University; a resolution was
unanimously passed commending the enterprise to
American scholars and university libraries, and request-
ing the Committee on the Reproduction of Early Texts
to make preliminary arrangements for publication. In
accordance with this resolution, I am now issuing a
circular with a form of subscription attached, which I
shall be glad to send to anyone interested. Applica-
tions will be filed in the order in which they are received,
and the subscription list will be closed as soon as one
hundred names are registered. Although no general
appeal has yet been made, I have already between
twenty and thirty names on the subscription list.
J. W. Cunliffe,
Chairman of the Committee.
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.,
February 19, 1910.
A QUESTION OF TYPOGRAPHY.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I have often felt a vague dissatisfaction at reaching
the end of a page of poetry and finding nothing to indi-
cate whether the last line on the page was the conclud-
ing line of a stanza or the stanza was carried over to
the next page. The feeling ceased to be a vague one
the other day, when, reading a narrative poem with
blank-verse stanzas of different lengths, I found the
meaning obscured by uncertainty as to whether the
completion of the page coincided with the completion
of a thought, or the same stanza was continued when I
turned the page. The current practice is unpleasant;
if, as I have discovered, it may at times be confusing,
why should not a different one be adopted?
It has occurred to me that a sufficient distinction is
made by leaving the earlier page one or two lines
shorter when the stanza is completed there, and by
beginning a new stanza the same number of lines lower
on the following page. This arrangement would be
especially clear in books that are printed with marginal
lines enclosing the text. An artist friend suggests that
such pages are hopelessly inartistic; but I am unable to
see why the addition of this irregularity to the unequal
length of line, and the prevalent practice of allowing
stanzas to come differently on opposite pages, will
detract from the appearance of the book.
Perhaps a more effective contrivance would be the
placing of a conventional symbol at the end of each
stanza. We are not satisfied with a double space at the
end of a sentence, but use a period. We distinguish
broken words from completed words at the end of a
line by a hyphen. We should in the same way find
some means of distinguishing a broken stanza from a
completed one at the end of a page.
Roy Temple House.
Wealherford, Oklahoma, February SS, 1910.
A LIBRARY LIST OF THE BEST NOVELS.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
A list of a hundred of the best novels, representing the
selections of prominent authors and other distinguished
persons, rather than of an individual, should be of value
to many readers of The Dial, especially librarians, who
are eternally beset by the problem of what books to buy.
Such a list has been prepared and published by the
Warrensburg (Mo.) Library, after many months of study
and deliberation. It represents advice and suggestions
from Winston Churchill, William Dean Howells, Mark
Twain, William Allen White, Ralph Connor, Rudyard
Kipling, James Lane Allen, and others who kindly
assisted in its preparation. I believe this is the only
fiction list yet published, representing, in a systematic
way, a consensus of opinion from high authorities. The
list is published in a neat booklet, by the Warrensburg
Library, and will be mailed to anyone sending fifteen
cents for it. Mrs. R. L. Webb.
Warrensburg, Missouri, February SO, 1910.


144
[March 1,
THE DIAL
&{rt ileto §Whs.
Fifteen Years ok Diplomatic Ijife.*
The names Bunsen and Waddington are
familiar to those versed in the history of Euro-
pean diplomacy, and they are far from unfamiliar
in the world of learning and literature. Madame
Charles de Bunsen, whose recollections of her
early public life have just been published under
the title "In Three Legations," is by birth a
Waddington — being, in fact, the sister of the
late William Henry Waddington, scholar and
writer as well as diplomat and statesman; and
her husband, Carl von Bunsen, for years in the
Prussian diplomatic service, was the son of the
famous Baron von Bunsen, whose varied learn-
ing, contributions to philology and history, and
distinguished services as representative of his
country at various courts, are not yet quite for-
gotten. In Madame Waddington's two excellent
volumes of reminiscences, which were reviewed
in these pages at the time of their publication,
the Bunsens are frequently mentioned; and so
the way has been paved, if it needed paving, for
these retrospections of her sister-in-law.
The book is made up of extracts from letters
"written on the spot " and needing no assurance
on the writer's part that they are spontaneous,
sincere, and the genuine records of passing im-
pressions. A small part of the correspondence
has appeared in " Harper's Magazine," but all
the rest is new. The "three legations " referred
to in the title are the Prussian Legations at
Turin, at Florence (when in 1864 the Tuscan
city superseded her Piedmontese sister as capital
of the growing Italian kingdom), and at The
Hague; and the time covered is from 1857 to
1872. At Turin, Bunsen was Secretary of
Legation, at Florence Conseiller de Legation,
and at The Hague he acted as Minister in the
temporary absence of Count Perponcher. It
was an eventful period in European history,
covering three memorable wars and witnessing
considerable changes in the geography and the
political constitution of several countries.
"Curiously enough," says the author in her
preface, "in each of our ' Three Legations' we
lived through the experience of a war, and.were
present at a royal marriage." Actual attendance
at these nuptials, however, is recorded in only
one instance, that of the union of the Prince of
Wied with Princess Marie of the Netherlands,
* Ln Three Leoations. By Madame Charles de Bunsen.
With 49 illustrations. New York: Charles Seribner's Sons.
in the summer of 1871, at The Hague. Of the
other two weddings, that of Princess Marie Pia
of Savoy and King Louis of Portugal, and the
marriage of Prince Umberto to Margherita of
Savoy, the writer gives short and second-hand
accounts. The three wars were the brief clash
between Austria on one side and Italy and
France on the other, in 1859; the short war of
1866, which freed Venice from Austrian rule
and greatly increased the might and prestige
of Prussia; and the Franco-German war of
1870.
Madame de Bunsen's pages fairly bristle
with the names of royalties and other hohe
Herr8chqften, as was to to be expected. A
glimpse of Cavour at one of his receptions is
obtained on an early page.
"Cavour was doing the honors very amiably in a
much embroidered coat. His round good-natured face
and spectacles, as well as his short stout figure, always
seem to me slightly disappointing. It does not answer,
somehow, to one's idea of a great Italian statesman.
He always makes me most gracious bows, however,
whenever I meet him in the street, which I do fre-
quently, as we do not live far from the Palais Cavour."
The King (Victor Emanuel II.) she describes
as rather fierce in appearance, and not hand-
some, though better-looking than his portraits;
and she pays high tribute to his bravery in the
war with Austria. "The King exposes himself
dreadfully," she writes. "His entourage say
it is just like the time of Charles Albert, only
that the latter used to take his whole etat major
with him, and Victor Emanuel only has a few
officers." The following, written at Turin in
the spring of 1861, gives an interesting picture
of Garibaldi and other leaders of Italy.
"I went to the famous sitting of the Chambers Satur-
day last [when the question of incorporating Garibaldi's
volunteers with the regular army was animatedly dis-
cussed], stood for four hours, saw and heard Garibaldi,
Ricasoli, Cavour, Bixio, Crispi, etc. . . . Soon Garibaldi
came in, leaning on two friends, who sat down after-
wards one on each side of him. He suffers from rheu-
matism, and is very lame. As you know, it was the first
time he took his seat in the Chamber, and he was
received with great applause, all the deputies rising.
He is exactly like his portraits, with fine, regular fea-
tures, which tell well at a distance. He was dressed in
a red shirt, of course, over which he had a grey cloak
falling in picturesque folds; his whole appearance was
somewhat theatrical. . . . He has a splendid voice,
which filled the whole chamber, and speaks slowly, but
not without eloquence. He did not get on far, however,
before the excitement began, and when he came to the
guerra fralricida, Cavour jumped up as if he was stung,
and, thumping on the green table at which the Ministers
sit, declared that such language he could not and would
not hear! Whereupon Garibaldi repeated the expression
over again. The effect was tremendous; all the deputies
left their seats, crowding down to the centre, all talk-


1910.]
145
THE DIAL,
ing, screaming, and gesticulating at once. The public
tribunes, which were full of red shirts, applauded.
The President put on his hat. Such a scene I had
never witnessed."
Among the writer's noteworthy experiences
at Turin was a visit to the Royal Library, where
the public reading-room was well filled with
readers and the atmosphere correspondingly
rich in carbonic acid; accordingly the obsequious
Prefetto invited his distinguished visitors into
the private reading-room and laid before them
all sorts of manuscript treasures and a splendid
copy of Dante illustrated by Dore-. . More than
that, a priceless old book of designs for point
lace, dated 1587, was placed in Madame's
bands, and she was allowed to take it home
with her, coupled with the assurance that the
library books were honored by her perusal, that
the University was too happy to be agreeable to
her, and more in the same strain of overdone
politeness.
From the writer's account of her life at
Florence, extending from 1864 to 1869, we
quote a paragraph from a letter written in the
eventful but anxious summer of 1866.
"The news of the last great Prussian victory (Sa-
dowa) has arrived. The Legation is all imbandierata
(beflagged), the Sindaco of Florence came to congratu-
late officially, and . . . C. had to receive him. All our
gentlemen were 'walking on their heads with joy '— at
least that was Mme. d'Usedom's description of them
when she came in the afternoon. In the evening we
went up to Villa Capponi, where many people had come
to congratulate, and where all was very festive. It is
pathetic to hear the people about us inquiring as the
news of one Prussian victory after another comes,
'Non c'e niente per noi?' (Is there nothing for us ?)
Poor things, they have given all so freely — their
blood, their money, and their lives. It is heartrending
to think it should all have been of so little avail, and that
the honourable defeat at Custozza is the only result."
Life at The Hague was apparently less lively
for the Bunsens than in the cities of sunny
Italy. At one time, when all the men were gone
to the frontier, as the author says, to guard the
neutrality, it was especially unstimulating to
the ladies. Relations with the French Legation
were of course (in 1870) a little strained. "We
do not visit," writes Madame de Bunsen, "but
we bow and shake hands, and even speak occa-
sionally." The royal wedding of the following
summer must have been an agreeable distrac-
tion, though the absurdly long and solemn wed-
ding sermon was a weariness. Among other
details we read:
"The ladies who bore the train, as generally all the
women present, were dressed in shades of lilac, and the
whole effect was soft and pretty. The service com-
menced by singing, and then the clergyman of Wasse-
naar . . . began an address from the pulpit. It is a
very high one in Dutch fashion, with an immense
sounding-board which seemed almost to extinguish him.
I hardly understood a word, I am sorry to say, except
every now and then the name of Nassau Oranien. He
was fearfully long, moreover, more than half an hour
by the clock over the organ opposite him, and, as we
heard afterwards, made many sad allusions to the
recent death of the bride's mother. He was quite in
the wrong, for the programme said explicitly 'en korte
trourede' (a short nuptial address). The Princess
Marie grew paler and paler, the King fidgeted and spoke
to the Queen, who shrugged her shoulders. Prince
Frederick turned to the Hof-Marschall, Count Lim-
burg Stirum, who stood behind him, and evidently told
him it was too long. Limburg Stirum gesticulated and
tried to catch the preacher's eye. He signalled to the
chambellan on the other side, and tbey both took out
their watches and held them up, but all was of no avail.
Secure in his serene attitude, his < Welerwaarden ' went
ever on, one high-sounding phrase succeeding another
in a sort of cantilena, with Nassau Oranien, and Luise
Henriette, the great Kurfiirstin, as the burthen of his
song."
The narrative closes with the retirement of
the writer's husband from the diplomatic ser-
vice, in July, 1872, and the Bunsens' withdrawal
to their estate of Mein Geniigen in the Rhein-
land. Madame de Bunsen has, with her pleasant
and well-written volume, enrolled herself among
the clever and interesting diplomats' wives who,
from the day of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
down to our own time, have brightly and briskly
pictured the scenes of diplomatic life in the gay
capitals of the Old World. She shows, for a
French-born person, or for an English woman
either, an admirable command of simple and
effective English; in fact, most of the slips
noticeable in her pages are, curiously enough,
in her own French, which is introduced for a
phrase or two now and then. For example,
she makes the crowd cry "Vive les Francais!"
when the French troops enter Turin — as if any
such violation of grammar could be detected by
the ear. Her very first page has a slight error
of chronology, 1858 being put instead of 1857
as the year of her arrival at Turin. The por-
traits in the volume are many, and, being chiefly
of celebrities whom she met, are well worthy of
insertion. There are also various other illus-
trations. It is, on the whole, as agreeable a
book of the sort as has appeared since her
sister-in-law, Madame Waddington, entertained
us with her graphic descriptions of official life
at the courts of St. Petersburg and London.
Percy F. Bicknell.


146
[March 1,
THE DIAL
A New Narrative of the American
Revolution.*
The fifth and sixth volumes of Mr. Avery's
most interesting " History of the United States
and Its People " are now before the public; and
although their general merit alone must have
commended them to its attention, certain fea-
tures call for especial emphasis.
The volumes cover the Pre-Revolutionary and
Revolutionary epochs, and furnish, on the whole,
a really excellent account of the contest between
Great Britain and her thirteen Atlantic seaboard
colonies. They show how the basis of the con-
test lay in the reassertion of royal prerogative,
in the adherence to worn-out political contri-
vances, and more than all else in the adoption of
an imperial policy by the British government.
In certain respects, however, they are a trifle
disappointing; for they lay no great stress —
as to be up to date they should—upon the essen-
tially civil-war nature of the struggle, or upon
the fact that other British colonies had their
influence upon events as well as those that were
primarily English in origin. Moreover, they
ignore the great subject of parliamentary
development in England, place undue weight
upon such controverted matters as the projected
introduction of episcopacy into New England,
and quite frequently lose sight of salient facts
and principles in an unworthy attempt to bring
places, incidents, and persons, obscure and unim-
portant, into strong relief. This last-mentioned
feature is all the more deplorable because, unfor-
tunately for our national dignity, there is already
too much of that sort of thing in America —
too much of a tendency to exaggerate, for purely
family reasons, the little doings of little men.
A word or two should be said here about the
illustrative material of Mr. Avery's work. Here-
tofore this has been good, sometimes pointedly so.
But in these later volumes author and publishers
have seen fit to intersperse, among things of
great value, things intrinsically valueless and
foolishly expensive,—as, for instance, coats-of-
arms, pictures of buildings now easily accessible
to view on the souvenir post-card, and odds and
ends of things that can be found in abundance
in "Headquarters," in " Mansions," and in the
museums of State historical societies. As a
matter of principle and of respect for tradition,
the greatest objection is to be made to the inser-
• A History of the United States and its People.
By Elroy McKendree Avery. Volume V., The Colonies:
1764-177o; The Revolution to the Declaration of Independ-
ence. Volume VI., The Revolution, 1775-1783; The Confeder-
ation, 1784-1787. Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co.
tion of coats-of-arms. We have thirteen of them
in these two volumes. Now heraldic devices of
all sorts belong to medisevalism. They have no
place in American history. They are radically
un-American, and the ideas underlying them are
opposed to everything that is fundamental, and
even sacred, in the origin of this government.
Especially do they seem out of place in a history
of the American Revolution, in a book that, in
grandiloquent phrase, tells the story of a supreme
struggle for individualism. Family pride in heroic
deed, in intellectual achievement, or in nobility
of character, is one thing; that in priority of emi-
gration or of descent, in the face of uncertain and
incomplete records, to say nothing of fraud and
of distraint of knighthood, is quite another.
Among the really valuable, or at least inter-
esting, illustrations are various handbills, broad-
sides, and portraits, plans of battles and for-
tifications, caricatures, the French map of the
United States in 1778, the map of the proposed
new States in the West, maps bearing upon
boundary disputes, and maps depicting military
movements. All these are eminently appro-
priate in a sober historical work, as is also the
Plat of the Seven Ranges of Townships in the
Ohio Survey of 1785-1787.
There are a few places where remarks have
been based upon, or may lead to, misconcep-
tions. Take for example the words on page
196 of Volume V., relative to the Massachusetts
Judiciary Act. Remembering, as we must, that
the Act was intended to protect from injustice
revenue collectors and the like who might hap-
pen to get into trouble when in discharge of
their duties, we are puzzled to know how a
change of venue would necessarily mean convic-
tion. Again, on page 198, in dealing with the
Quebec Act, the author ought to have made his
readers understand that Great Britain, in recog-
nizing the Roman Catholic religion among the
French inhabitants of Canada, was acting in
strict accordance with a treaty stipulation. The
laudatory remarks on pages 239 and 240 are
decidedly misleading, inasmuch as no original
text of Patrick Henry's speech exists, and our
only knowledge of it rests upon what his biogra-
pher did years afterwards when he put together
passages that certain old men thought they re-
membered the famous Virginian to have uttered.
The bibliographies of the fifth and sixth vol-
umes are full and well-selected. There are,
however, a few regrettable omissions and a few
unnecessary inclusions. Mrs. Gadsby's article
on "The Harford County Declaration of Inde-
pendence" is worthless historically, and may do


1910.]
147
THE
DIAL
positive harm if recommended along with the
scholarly works of Friedenwald, Van Tyne, and
many others of high rank. To speak of a local
intention to carry out the object of the Associa-
tion, which was virtually non-commercial inter-
course with Great Britain, as a declaration of
independence, shows a lamentable ignorance of
historical situations, and is as absurd as to speak
of the secession of Jones County, Mississippi,
just prior to the Civil War. Generally, how-
ever, Mr. Avery has indicated the historical
value of a certain book in a few well-chosen
remarks. Sometimes he has, most conveniently
for the investigator, grouped the various authori-
ties on a particular subject, and sometimes he
has both grouped and compared them.
Among subjects that have received remark-
ably judicious handling from Mr. Avery are the
treatment of prisoners of war and the treatment
of the loyalists; also the participation of the
negro in the Revolution. One might wish that
some other side than the military had been em-
phasized; but Mr. Avery chose to follow the
beaten track, and we have yet to wait for some
work based upon investigations into the sociolog-
ical and economic conditions that accompanied
or resulted from the struggle for independence.
We are glad to have so able a discussion as Mr.
Avery has given us of the early westward move-
ment, of the national embarrassments under the
Articles of Confederation, and of the perplex-
ities that confronted the framers of the new Con-
stitution. Altogether, he has given us a highly
creditable piece of historical work; and we can
frankly say that the points for adverse criti-
cism, quite serious though they are, are almost
obscured by the very number and magnitude of
those deserving commendation. We can also
repeat that the publication as a whole promises to
supply a long-felt want. It can be perused with
profit by both the professional historian and the
ordinary reader; for in suggestiveness, in general
accuracy, and in broadness of view, its rank is un-
questionably high. Annie Heloise Abel.
A Gifted Degenerate."
As an intimate account of a man of genius
written by a life-long friend, M. Edmond
Lepelletier's biography of Paul Verlaine will
always have a certain value. But it is far from
being the ideal biography or critical study. Its
chatty frankness, its lack of reserve, and its
* Paul Verlaine: His Life — His Work. By Edmond
Lepelletier. Translated by E. M. Lang. Illustrated. New
York: Duffield & Co.
illumination of some of the dark corners of the
poet's strange, sordid, tragic career, constitute
the main claims of the book on our suffrance.
In one way, it is a very peculiar work.
Avowedly written by a sympathetic comrade in-
spired by the motive of vindicating Verlaine and
setting him in a better light than have the more
or less apocryphal stories circulated before and
since his death, it manages to leave a picture of
this child of the Parisian gutter more disgusting
than was in the imagination before. So vivid
is this impression that at times one almost won-
ders if the author's purpose be not, under the
guise of friendship, to paint his subject in the
darkest colors. Yet in reading the words of
M. Lepelletier at Verlaine's funeral, one cannot
but believe that this is an untenable assumption;
that his subject, rather, was too much for him;
so that, somewhat naively, he damns where he
would fain praise. There is something terrible
in the spectacle of a friend exposing, with good
intentions, the essential evil behavior of one of
the world's most gifted degenerates.
A dipsomaniac, a lecher, a liar, a prison-bird,
and a megalomaniac, — these be hard terms;
yet, to be truthful, they apply to this man who
has written some of the most musical and most
subtly spiritual poetry in the whole range of
French song. The plain fact is, that Paul Ver-
laine was untrustworthy in all the fundamental
relations of life: to friends, to wife, to mother,
— even to his art, since a portion of his writings
is a foul libel upon it. That this biographer
can eulogize him as much as he does, implies a
questionable standard quite as much as it does
the bias of friendship. The attempt to white-
wash Verlaine's relation to that other poet-
degenerate, Arthur Rimbaud, is not particularly
convincing, although the reader will be glad
enough to give such a man as Verlaine the
benefit of any doubt in his favor. One is glad,
too, freely to acknowledge that in certain parts
of his passion-tossed existence something better
was aroused in him and a higher nature spoke;
as where, in the enforced regimen of a jail, some
of his finest religious verse was produced; or
when he lived quietly in rural England or France
as a school-teacher, and made a good impression
on those who met him, because he was removed
from the vicious city haunts which always
dragged him down. But there was never real
reform, essential regeneration; as the biogra-
pher admits, Verlaine's conversion was always
"literary."
The work (which, by the way, is but indif-
ferently Englished) has considerable interest in


148
[March 1,
THE DIAL
its pictures of the literary and art life of Paris
during the last generation and down to the
present: for example, the group of poets known
as the Parnassians, of whom were both Verlaine
and his biographer, and the Symbolists who
followed, are described with piquant particu-
larity. The study is also rich in pictorial ma-
terial, including some interesting presentments
of the satyr-poet from the age of two till he lay
dead in a wretched garret; as well as members
of his family and the author of the book.
But when all is said, one can but come back
in sad wonderment to the poet's own words:
"Let Lepelletier defend my reputation. He
is able to clear what will soon be my memory.
I rely upon him to make me known as I was in
reality, when I am no longer here." Alas, that
a friend could do no more! Alas, that Verlaine
could not have assisted him by furnishing a
better life-story! Richard Bubton.
The Return of the Bourbons.*
The period of the Restoration is a somewhat
thankless field for investigation, both absolutely
aud relatively. There is no epoch of history
more stirring and fascinating than the Napole-
onic era that preceded; and it would be difficult
to compress into sixteen years more of sordid-
ness, triviality, and utterly unromantic blunder-
ing, than are illustrated by the history of France
from 1814 to 1830. It is like foul, dull realism,
after romance; Zola, after Victor Hugo.
Major Hall suffers no illusions as to the char-
acter and calibre of the men whose mistakes and
misdeeds he is relating. His narrative is as inno-
cent of hero as is " Vanity Fair " — unless the
hero be Wellington, whose motives and whose
discretion are alike above question, and who
showed himself through the period a better friend
to France than the majority of her own children.
A list of official blunders during the reigns of
Louis XVIII. and Charles X. would make a
remarkable catalogue. Louis, on his way to
Paris, in 1814, to occupy the throne which
Napoleon had just abdicated, was met at Com-
piegne by the Tsar of Russia. Filled with that
astounding confidence in his divine mission and
his personal importance which was part of his
very being, Louis walked in to dinner in front
of the dumbfounded monarch who had probably
done more to restore him than any other other
crowned head in Europe. Strange to say, this
• The Bourbon Restoration. By Major John Hall.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
manoeuvre did not make the slighted guest his
mortal enemy,—as did a somewhat similar indis-
cretion, the snubbing of Madame Ney by the
Duchesse d'Angouleme, which slight is said to
have been largely responsible for Ney's desertion
of the Royalists when Napoleon returned. The
Comte d'Artois had agreed to certain conditions
in Louis's name before Louis's appearance, and
when the new King assumed his crown he calmly
ignored them. Similar tactics, by d'Artois him-
self as Charles X., a few years later, ended the
Bourbon rule forever. Ferrand's impassioned
defense of the emigres before the Chambres, at a
time when the emigres "had nothing to do with
the case," roused a feeling against them that
predisposed the dissatisfied country in favor of
the returning Emperor. The regulation prohib-
iting labor on Sunday, passed in 1814, will serve
as an example of numerous laws which were
ostentatiously passed and then quietly ignored.
Constant, Ney, Davout, Fouche", the leading men
of the state, made oaths and broke them with
what would seem most injudicious frequency. A
mistake of $3,000,000 in the computation of the
indemnity due the Allies would have lost France
that amount, if the English banking-house,
which had the matter in charge, had not gener-
ously pointed out the error. "It would appear,"
was the disgusted comment of Metternich, the
shrewdest statesman of the generation, "as
though your affairs were managed by cornets of
hussars."
Louis XVIII. himself, though gouty and pro-
saic,—much less of an aristocrat than the name-
less upstart Napoleon, — was neither fool nor
knave. He had no sympathy with the insane
party-feeling of the emigres, and he made an
honest effort to govern well. A modern expo-
nent of the omnipotence of mind might find in
his calm confidence in ultimate success an agency
which promoted the Restoration. If he was too
dependent on the advice of others, he could easily
have found a less able and less honest favorite
than Decazes among the intriguers that sur-
rounded him. His insistence that " a King of
France might die, but must never be ill," and
his struggle to hold audiences and attend to his
work while he was literally dying, is pathetic
and heroic. One feels a genuine relief that the
obstinate old doctrinaire did not live to see the
downfall of the House.
There is less to be said for Charles X. As
the Comte d'Artois, he had been one of his
brother's most turbulent and troublesome sub-
jects, and his reign is a series of arbitrary acts,
culminating in the terrible mistake of July,


1910.]
149
THE DIAL
1830,—the coup d'etat that sought to reor-
ganize an administration Chamber of Deputies,
and which resulted in calling to the throne as a
constitutional ruler the timid and conciliatory
son of Philippe Egalite, Louis Duke of Orleans.
"I know well," Metternich had said to the
French Ambassador at Vienna, " that the free-
dom of the press and your electoral laws are an
abomination, but any attempt to abolish them
by a coup d'etat will be fatal to the Bourbons."
There are Richelieus, Talleyrands, Chateau-
briands, LaFayettes, — leaders good (a few),
bad, and indifferent; but the most picturesque
public character of the period, and in a manner
the most instructive, as illustrating the possi-
bilities of such an epoch of upheaval, is the
scoundrel Fouche. This insatiate schemer, edu-
cated for the Church, a Revolutionist deputy,
regicide, devotee of the Goddess of Reason,
actually succeeded in becoming successively
Minister to Milan under the Directory, Minis-
ter of Police under the Consulate, Minister of
Interior under the Empire, Minister of Police
under Louis XVIII. — in which last capacity
he drew up a list of the persons who deserved
punishment for complicity in the return of Na-
poleon, which list he should have himself headed.
It is but just to him to remark in this connec-
tion, that he contrived to allow all the proscribed
to escape from the country, and that the few ar-
rests and executions that did occur were not in
any sense his fault. It was not till 1816, at
the age of sixty-two, that this prodigy of intrigue,
who had contrived to float to the winning side
of every considerable movement in forty years
of turmoil, was at last definitely set aside by
exile.
Every movement, however vulgar and inter-
ested, has its hero and its legend. The dead
Emperor did more to wreck the Bourbon dy-
nasty than that hard and vicious creature of
ambition ever accomplished during his life.
And set up against him to dazzle the gaze of
the mob was the glorious First of the Bourbons,
the gallant conqueror of Ivry, who seems to have
resembled this portrait quite as much as his
dissipated, selfish, and incompetent descendants
of the early nineteenth century resembled it.
But legends will not stir a worn-out people
to long-continued or potent enthusiasm. There
was little real desire for the crowning of Louis
in 1814; there was little for the return of
Napoleon; there was little for the accession of
the younger branch of the Bourbons in 1830.
France was disillusionized and weary. Napo-
leon, who was as shrewd as Metternich, re-
marked, as he took possession of Paris in 1815,
"They have let me come as they have let the
other go." There were no more serious and
general insurrections; and when the half-hearted
Citizen King was half-heartedly installed in
1830, he was allowed to reign for a time only,
because, as Major Hall puts it on the last page
of the present volume," In the hour of distress
the best elements of the nation" had "stood
aloof and allowed the Monarchy to fall to the
ground."
A very thorough and extensive bibliography
accompanies the text, page by page; and the
book is indexed in a good deal of detail. It is
always a matter of regret, however, when a
painstaking and extended account of this sort,
which is particularly valuable for reference
purposes, has no more specific indexing than,
for example, LaFayette, Marquis de, 43, 52,
87, 101, 102, 112, etc., with no hint of the
character of the references on each page thus
mentioned.
The reviewer wondered at the form emigre
— thus, italicized, with an accent over the final
e only. If one accent, why not both? If there
is precedent for such discrimination, he has not
found it. He has noticed, indeed, that the
"Encyclopaedia Americana " prints "Emigre's,"
but he had supposed that the first accent was
omitted there because of the capital initial
letter. Rot Temple House.
New Apparatus for Bible Students.*
Five years ago we saw the completion of two
large four and five volume Dictionaries of the
Bible. Now we have three new single-volume
Dictionaries issued simultaneously, which cover
practically the same field and are intended to
meet the same needs. They were prepared to
give laymen in Bible study an easy and ready
method of getting the pith of themes which in
the larger works are treated with a technique
and detail designed for specialists. The writers
of the articles in these volumes are American,
British, and German scholars, who represent in
the main the progressive school of thought in
* Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by James Hastings,
D.D., with the cooperation of John A. Selbie, D.D. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
A Standard Bible Dictionary. Edited by M. W.
Jacobus, E. E. Nourse, and A. C. Zenoa. New York: Funk
& Wagnalls Co.
The Temple Dictionary or the Bible. Written and
edited by Rev. W. Ewing, M.A., and Rev. J. E. H. Thomson,
D.D., and other Scholars and Divines. New York: E. P
Dutton & Co.


150
[March 1,
THE
DIAL
biblical research. The works are constructed
mechanically in the best modern style, and are
both attractive and convenient.
The editor of the Hastings "Dictionary of
the Bible " has had large editorial experience,
and has constructed this work skilfully from a
literary point of view. It is by no means a con-
densation of the five-volume Dictionary, but a
new and independent work. The articles are
written anew, and are up-to-date in every respect.
The apportionment of space to the different
themes is wisely made. The article on " Israel"
covers twenty-four pages (by Prof. George A.
Barton); that on "Jesus Christ" (by Prof.
W. P. Paterson), twenty-three pages; and one
on the "Person of Christ" (by Prof. H. K.
Mackintosh), twelve pages. Mr. R. A. S.
Macalister writes many of the articles on Pales-
tine, where he has spent several years in exca-
vating Gezer and other places. The articles on
Egypt and Egyptian antiquities are signed by
Mr. F. LI. Griffith, whose work on the Nile has
been well known for many years. Some of the
best articles on the New Testament were written
by Prof. W. T. Davison, of Richmond Theo-
logical Seminary, Surrey. Prof. G. B. Gray,
of Mansfield College, Oxford, has contributed
a very complete article on the " Text, Versions,
and Languages of the Old Testament"; and Dr.
F. G. Kenyon, just now appointed as successor
to Sir E. Maunde Thompson of the British
Museum, supplies the article on the " Text of
the New Testament." The book contains four
good maps, but no other illustrations.
The " Standard Bible Dictionary " was writ-
ten mainly by American scholars for an Ameri-
can public. It follows, in its classification, an
encyclopaedic alphabet; that is, its list of themes
is constructed on an encyclopaedic rather than a
dictionary plan. The articles themselves appear,
when long enough, with numbered paragraphs
and a brief bibliography. The editors them-
selves have done a monumental amount of writ-
ing for the work. Professor Jacobus's contri-
butions are mainly on the New Testament; Pro-
fessor Zenos has covered, besides his especial field
of Biblical Theology, a great diversity of themes;
and Professor Nourse fills in scores of small arti-
cles on etymological, archaeological, and topo-
graphical themes. Dr. James Denney of Glas-
gow has an article on Christ, and Professor
Guthe of Leipzig on Palestine. The article on
Jerusalem is by the skilful scholar Prof. L. B.
Paton, who recently spent a year in that ancient
and interesting city. The Dictionary is espe-
cially full in the department of biblical archaeol-
ogy, emphasized by a number of beautiful half-
tone illustrations of Palestinian implements and
household effects now in the collections of Hart-
ford Theological Seminary. The book contains
many line illustrations that amply aid the reader
in understanding the text. Of course, there are
defects and omissions which are apparent to an
expert, — such, for example, as the attempt to
present in transliteration the pronunciation of
biblical names and Hebrew words. These are
rather superfluous, and not helpful. The scholar
knows how to pronounce the foreign words
(Greek and Hebrew), and the one who knows
neither language has no use for them. A few
good maps adorn the book.
It may be added that these two Dictionaries
are thought by their editors to be adapted to the
use of laymen in Bible study, but they are grad-
uated on rather too high a scale for that purpose.
Excellent as they are, they are strong meat for
mature scholars rather than lighter food for
children in Bible study.
"The Temple Dictionary of the Bible"
stands in a class by itself. The names of its
two editors are enough to call attention to the
work. Both of them were missionaries for many
years in the country which forms the back-
ground of the biblical records. Rev. Mr.
Ewing was located at that very important old
Jewish city, Tiberias, and Dr. Thomson at
Safed, about fifteen miles nearly north of the
Sea of Galilee. Their first-hand knowledge of
and familiarity with the manners and customs
of the people, and with the topography of Bible
lands, give them a long advantage over some of
the editors of rival dictionaries. They are aided
in this phase of the work by such familiar Ori-
entalists as Dr. Dalman of Jerusalem, Mrs.
Gibson of Cambridge, and Drs. Margoliouth
and Sayce of Oxford, all travellers and stu-
dents in the Orient. The critical position of
the writers on doctrinal and biblical themes is
distinctly conservative, as seen in such names
as those of Drs. James Orr, James Robert-
son, James Stalker, and D. S. Margoliouth.
The Preface states that they " have kept stead-
ily in view the needs of the Working Clergy-
man, the Local Preacher, the Class Leader,
and the Sunday-school Teacher." They have
fulfilled their purpose in a very commendable
manner. While there are no articles whose
revelations are startlingly new or striking, there
are some that are comparatively fresh on bib-
lical antiquities, geography, and topography,
written by persons who are experienced guides
and know personally what they are talking


1910.]
151
THE
DIAL,
about. The articles are free from padding; on
the other hand, the work employs a system of
abbreviations, which, though unquestionably
effective in space-saving, is, to say the least,
far from elegant. It is certainly startling to
find a work of scholarship, like this, disfigured
by such typographical puzzles as wd., shd., cd.,
fm., fr., mr., br., sr., kge., bk., mt., for would,
should, could, from, father, mother, brother,
sister, knowledge, book, and might. A very
attractive feature of this Dictionary is its
admirable illustrations, many of which are half-
tones. Among the 540 in the book, we dis-
cover scores of new pictures of biblical sites
and scenes, photographed from new and splen-
didly chosen points of view. There are at least
sixteen choice views of the beautiful scenery
about the Sea of Galilee. Such glimpses give
more of a touch of reality to any statement than
pages of common cold narrative. Two new
large folding views of Jerusalem and eight
splendid maps follow the 1171 pages of the
Dictionary proper.
These three Dictionaries, appearing almost
simultaneously, are significant facts in the field
of biblical study. They furnish ready tools
whereby the earnest thoughtful reader and stu-
dent may delve still deeper into the realms of
ancient ethical and religious lore.
Ira Maurice Price.
Stories About Big Game rx Africa.*
"The story of the big game of Africa has been
many a year in the telling, but it remains ever new.
The freshness of it is perennial. So long as the big
game of Africa holds its own upon the velt, just so
long will the public welcome new books that strive
to portray its moods and its tenses." So writes
Mr. "W. T. Hornaday, the well-known naturalist and
author of travel-books, in his Introduction to the
work of Mr. Edgar Beecher Bronson entitled "In
Closed Territory." The closed territory through
which Mr. Bronson travelled and hunted lies to the
north and south of the policed district along the
Uganda railway, and is open only to those who are
in favor with the powers that be. Mr. Bronson is
a capital story-teller, recounting not only the adven-
•In Closed Territory. By Edgar Beecher Bronson.
Illustrated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
Hunting in British East Africa. By Percy C.
Madeira; with introduction by Frederick Courteney Selons.
Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
In the Grip op the Nyika: Further Adventures in
British East Africa. By Lieut.-Col. J. H. Patterson. Illus-
trated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
A Hunter's Camp-Fires. By Edward J. House. Illus-
trated. New York: Harper & Brothers.
tures of himself and his party, but also the deeds of
others who have risked their lives, — to put it in
Stevenson's paradoxical way, — that they might live.
One bit will show the manner of the narrator. It tells
the story of the tall and wiry Lumbwa, Arab Tumo,
slayer of sixty "rhinos" single-handed, who estab-
lished his reputation for bravery by his part in the
following incident.
"While about half-way down from the summit to the
swamp, with Arab Tumo marching ahead of me, and, ulthongh
no more than six feet in advance, quite out of my Bight, sud-
denly I heard just beyond him the swish and crashing of some
mighty body, and jumped forward to Arab Tumo just in
time to see a giant rhino, which had been crossing our line
of march directly in front, start to swing for a charge up our
line, his great head shaking with rage, his little pig eyes
glaring fury.
"It was all over in a second; for when I reached Tumo
they were in arm's length of each other, he crouched with
spear shortened, and, in the very second of the rhino's swing
to charge, with one bound and mighty thrust he drove his
great three-foot six-inch spear-blade to entry behind the left
shoulder, ranging diagonally through the rhino's vitals
towards his right hip, and burying it to the very haft!
"Followed instantly a shrill scream of pain, a gush of
foam-flecked blood that told of a deadly lung wound, and
then the monster wheeled and lurched out of our sight down
hill at right angles to our course, Tumo's spear still trans-
fixing him.
"So suddenly sprang and so fascinating was the scene, so
like a single-handed duel of the old Roman arena between
two raw Bavagc monsters of the African jungle, biped against
quadruped, that it never occurred to me to shoot, although
I might have chanced a snapshot over Tumo's shoulder.
"And there Arab Tumo stood quietly smiling, his pulse
apparently unquickened by a single beat, signing for per-
mission to follow and recover his spear, the blade broken
free of its long-pointed iron butt, which was bent nearly
double by some wrench in the ground the rhino had con-
trived to give it to free his vitals of the gnawing blade!
And, once free of the spear, on he had gone — Tumo had
not seen him again.1'
Many readers of books on Africa, who have won-
dered at the stories of the marvellous heads of game
along the Uganda railway, will understand this re-
markable occurrence from Mr. Bronson's explana-
tion.
"The extraordinary present abundance of game both
north and south of this section of the Uganda Railway is
due to the fact that all the vast territory extending from the
Tsavo River to Escarpment, a distance of two hundred and
thirty miles, and from the south line of the track to the
German border, embracing about eleven thousand square
miles, is a carefully preserved game reserve, preserved as
jealously as the Yellowstone Park; while immediately south-
west of it in German territory is another reserve of the same
size. Unfenced, shnt in by no impassable streams or moun-
tains, the game is free to wander out of and into the reserve
at will; but, like the shrewd stags of a Scotch deer forest, so
well does the game seem to know the very boundaries that
mark for them sanctuary, that little do they leave it except
in periods of local drought or as crowded out by over-
stocking, — so well do they know the immunity of Banctuary
that, shooting from trains being forbidden, timid antelope,
wary giraffe, and even lion and rhino, often idle within a
stone's throw of the track."
Surely Africa must be protected in some way, for,
not taking into account our own mighty Nimrod who
is now playing havoc there, Mr. Bronson tells us that
in October and November, 1908, twenty hunting
parties went out from Nairobi, and fifty more were


152
[March 1,
THE DIAL,
expected during December and January. It is to
be regretted that our space will not allow us to give
more excerpts from this lively book. Mr. Bronson's
style will not appeal to the fastidious, but his robust
vigor will suit those readers who care more for fine
shots with the gun than with the camera, and for
forceful description than for parlor language.
To the list of those American sportsmen — nota-
bly McMillan, Astor, Chanlar, John Bradley, Max
Fleischman, Rainsford, and Roosevelt — who have
had their fling at African big game, we may now
add the name of Mr. Percy C. Madeira of Phila-
delphia. His book entitled "Hunting in British
East Africa" tells of the adventures of himself and
his wife in "the most richly stocked game country
to be found in the world to-day "— British East
Africa. Mr. Frederick C. Selous, the premier of
modern hunters, vouches for the book in a foreword,
by saying that it is of "very great interest." Were
one to judge hastily of the book by the illustrations,
one would conclude that the author's chief aim was
to gather fine heads and make big killings. Such,
however, is not the case. Of hunting and fine heads
we have a-plenty, but there is also no lack of intel-
ligent observation on native human and plant life,
and on general conditions now existing in that won-
derful dark land. Moreover, if other Americans
are desirous of adding their names to the worthy
list of African big game hunters, they will find a
very complete appendix to this volume giving de-
tailed information regarding marches, temperature,
and equipment, for a hundred days' safari, or jour-
ney, in the land of wild beasts. Readers who wish
to read a hair-raising tale will find unusually rare
ones in this book. Mrs. Madeira, who was lost in
"the rough broken country between the Tana and
the Thika Rivers," wandered for two days without
food or water, in a land beset by thorns and wild
beasts. Mr. Selous characterizes the grit and pow-
ers of endurance shown by Mrs. Madeira as "little
short of marvellous." The illustrations in this vol-
ume are of rather unusual merit.
Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Patterson's book, "In
the Grip of the Nyika," has the stamp of dignity
both in style and matter. Unlike his previous work,
"The Man-Eaters of Tsavo," which relates the
Colonel's adventures with the kingly beast, his pres-
ent volume deals with the determination of suitable
natural boundaries for the eastern and northern
limits of the game preserve, and with the hunting
of elephants, antelope, and rhinoceri. In the first
of these expeditions into the Nyika — the dark,
enthralling wilderness of British East Africa — the
author with two companions returned safely to civili-
zation; but on the second and longer journey, he,
with two companions designated as Mr. and Mrs. B.,
met with difficulties and with death. Mr. B. was
shot while asleep by the accidental discharge of
his own revolver which he had placed under his pil-
low. At the time of his burial, the natives mutinied,
and it was only through the prompt action of Colonel
Patterson that they were quelled. Following these
disasters came the loss of his valuable horse under
the charge of a rogue elephant, the desertion of many
of his followers, and the continual illness of himself
and Mrs. B. Notwithstanding all this, the author's
indomitable courage led him to his journey's end,
thus establishing a name for himself as one of the
heroes who have been in the foreguard of the British
Empire. Colonel Patterson's book, unlike Mr. Bron-
son's, shows us the sombre side of life on the great
African veldt; but it is African life to the core.
"After experience in hunting with a rifle, and
with a camera to a lesser degree, I am frank to con-
fess that I have found an element of excitement in
the former totally lacking in the latter." With this
confession, Mr. Edward T. House introduces us to
his adventures in East Africa, New Brunswick,
New Foundland, the Rockies, and British Columbia,
as related in his interesting and well-illustrated vol-
ume of detached sketches entitled "A Hunter's C amp-
Fires." Mr. House's sketches cover a decade spent
in the pursuit of the big game of the world, and
relate but little about the natives who made up his
caravans. For the reader who cares only about the
crack of the rifle and the effect thereof, Mr. House's
book will afford a good treat; but for the reader who
thinks that hunting is more than the hunter, and the
hunted more than the bag, the book will offer small
pleasure. We would not suggest that the author is
that atrocious being, a game-hog, — on the contrary
he is quite sportsmanlike in his following; but he
has not the saving grace which leads us to the up-
lands of foreign lands where we may get the vision
of nature's abundant wild life. The author will
doubtless be satisfied with the commentary that this
is a book for the man with a gun.
H. E. COBLBNTZ.
Briefs on New Books.
a new .urvev In " English Literature in the Nine-
o/mh century teenth Century" (Putnam), Mr.
literature. Laurie Magnus has given us an inter-
esting and valuable discussion of the characteristics
and tendencies of that period. He has especially
tried to make his book — a volume of 427 pages —-
"not so much a history of English literature between
1784 and the present day as a survey of that litera-
ture as a whole and an essay in its criticism." For
this reason the book contains little biographical mat-
ter. The criticism is of an eminently satisfactory
kind. Mr. Magnus is not concerned merely with
re-estimating the individual writers, though this task
occupies, naturally, most of his time; he is deeply
interested in the literary movements of the century;
in the peculiar significance of the typical and the col-
lective utterances of the successive periods. Book I.
surveys the period from the death of Johnson to that
of Scott, — the period which saw the principles of
the French Revolution extended in all directions, the


1910.]
153
THE DIAL
rapid growth of the novel, the enunciation of new
principles of poetry, and the rise of the periodical
press. Toward the end of this period there is a lull,
a pause. Byron (on whom Mr. Magnus is less
severe than are many others), Shelley, and Keats
had passed off the stage. Wordsworth's poetry had
been practically all written before this time. Car-
lyle, that John Baptist of the new time, had not yet
found a publisher for his gospel of " Sartor " in beok
form. The year 1832, thinks Magnus, looks back
on the great period of Romance and forward to the
great period of Democracy. The Reform Bill marks
the decisive acquisition of immense social and moral
gains. A new view of nature, physical and spiritual,
was to possess men. Mr. Magnus instructively con-
trasts the thought of the "Essay on Man" (1733)
with the view of things that prevailed from the times
when the revolutionary principles became completely
established. The second half of the book discusses
the remainder of the century. The three-score and
eight years between Scott's death and that of Raskin
beheld enormous progress in science, the rise of
almost radically new views in theology, the flower-
ing of the novel, and the flourishing of three great
poets, Tennyson, Browning, and Swinburne, around
whom may be clustered a multitude of lesser lights.
Tennysonians will be pleased with the treatment
accorded their poet on the score of form, but will not
relish so much the belittling estimate of him as a
thinker. Tennyson's growing conservatism and con-
stant timidity do not please Mr. Magnus. "Do noth-
ing, dare nothing, assert nothing — tradition, cus-
tom, doubt — are at the root of his practical counsel,
and 'the larger hope,' and the 'divine event' are
subordinate to these negations." Magnus admires
the energy and solidity of Browning's thought as well
as his sturdy faith. To Dickens and Meredith the
critic is quite just. On Swinburne he wisely refrains
from attempting a final judgment, though he is a
frank admirer of the last Victorian. Occasionally
the author's style is enigmatical, — for example, at
the end of the description of Carlyle's contemporaries
(p. 179); but in general he is illuminating and lucid.
Crawford must be claimed as an American (p. 278);
and William James is a resident of Cambridge,
Massachusetts (p. 222). Perhaps there is too fre-
quent use of the dash-parenthesis; and a dash fol-
lowed by a comma or semicolon does not look well.
The index is scarcely full enough. On the whole
we find the volume commendable, a distinctly wel-
come contribution to the criticism of an era which
will receive more attention in the next quarter cen-
tury, as its true proportions become more evident
and perspective enables us to see more clearly what
it achieved.
An advocate of woman's rights is not
ofHMand" wont to turn to seventeenth-century
Holland for a champion, and indeed
no suffragette is the "Learned Maid " who looks
out from her forgotten niche in history through the
pleasant pages of Una Birch's "Annavan Schurman,
Artist, Scholar, Saint" (Longmans). Yet the " Tenth
Muse," the " Sappho of Holland," as she was styled
by her contemporaries, qualified for controversy
when she queried, "Does the pursuit of learning and
letters become a girl of to-day?" and proceeded to
apply to her sex Flato's dictum, "It becomes a per-
fect man to know what is to be known and to do what
is to be done." Etched against the background of
the Dutch Renaissance, with its "amazing efflores-
cence of national life," the "Star of Utrecht" shines
with a light diffused through varied mediums. Marie
de Medici, hearing her sing, declared how "pleasant
a surprise it was to find Italy in Holland." After
betraying her versatility in the current forms of art,
she plunged as ardently into learning, mastering
many languages and achieving the unique distinction
of the authorship of an Ethiopian grammar. An
object of pilgrimage for the notables of Europe, the
friend of Descartes, Voe% Richelieu, Queen Christina
of Sweden, and other famous folk, the gentle lady's
gentle adventures make picturesque reading. Not the
least entertaining passages are the panegyrics of ad-
mirers, which, despite her decorous modesty, seem
to have "delighted Anna, who, together with the
solid virtues of perseverance, concentration, and
courage, was possessed of an amusing vanity which
redeems her from all charge of inhumanity or dull-
ness." A chronic habit of depicting herself and of
being depicted has scattered her portrait throughout
Europe, several being reproduced in the book. In
the latter part of her life the pursuit of holiness
absorbed her as completely as had her previous enter-
prises, and her diverse friendships gave way to one
commanding intercourse. Resolving to spend her
days "in the studio in which souls are as canvas to
be painted on by the great master," she joined the
community founded by the mystical preacher, Jean
de Labadie. It is a matter for regret that here exig-
ences of material or deficiencies in popular know-
ledge have compelled the author to shift the limelight
from her leading lady to the tenets of Calvinistic
theology and the fortunes of the Labadist community
with which Anna cast in her lot. Yet it is hard to
quarrel with a book which so well fulfils its own
aim: simply to set down the story of a "fearless,
famed, and retired life."
Slavery and A Richmond lawyer, Mr. Beverly
tecestion in B. Munford, in his book on "Vir-
Virginia. ginia's Attitude toward Slavery and
Secession" (Longmans) has done some really origi-
nal work upon a rather hackneyed topic. Based
upon a careful study of historical sources — manu-
scripts, public records, and newspapers, as well as
the published works relating to the subject — the
book is of value to the historian of slavery, politics,
and the Civil War. The purpose of the author is
to make clear the attitude of the dominant element
of the Virginian people toward the Union, the
problems of slavery, emancipation, and secession.
By extensive quotations from public documents,


154
[March 1,
THE
DIAL
speeches, and letters, he shows that the Virginians
were not hostile, but were devoted to the Union and
to the principles of the founders of the Republic;
that they were not devoted to the institution of
slavery and desirous of seeing it extended, but that
they were much dissatisfied with it and made serious
efforts to get rid of it. The reactionary effect of
the methods of the radical abolitionists upon anti-
slavery sentiment in Virginia is explained in detail,
and the rise of pro-slavery sentiment is traced to
the secession. Of the general conditions of slavery
the author writes but little, though he gives a good
treatment of the colonization movement and a dis-
cussion of the difficulties in the way of emancipation.
The economic aspects of the "peculiar institution"
are neglected. As to secession, Mr. Munford proves
that Virginia was strongly opposed to such a step,
and that only after she had vainly tried to reconcile
the sections was she forced by the Federal policy
of coercion to range herself with the cotton States
that had already seceded. Of the characteristics
of the Virginians who thus stood between the two
extremes and were forced to choose one or the
other, the author says: "As a people they exalted
honor and courage — they exhibited the strength
of the idealist combined on the part of many with
the limitations of the doctrinaire; they decided
questions by the standard of abstract right, rather
than in their relation to the duties and interests of
other peoples and other times; they were self-reliant,
content to justify the integrity of their conduct to
their own consciences rather than to the world;
they were tenacious of their rights, and regarded a
threatened invasion as not only justifying but com-
pelling resistance." Secession came to these people
as an event'' long dreaded and much to be deplored.
They met it with a firm adherence to the principles
so often declared, but with profound regret that the
occasion had arisen which rendered their assertion
imperative. In the conflict thus joined, the people
of Virginia took a stand predetermined by the be-
liefs and avowals of successive generations, and,
impelled by an unswerving idealism, found their
supreme incentive to action in their determination
to maintain the integrity of principle."
Autobiography In a clearly-written narrative of
of a Chinese- moderate length, Mr. Yung Wing,
Amei-iean. sometime Associate Chinese Minister
at Washington, and Commissioner of the Chinese
Educational Commission, relates the main events of
his active and useful life. "My Life in China and
America" (Holt) is the book's title, and a prepos-
sessing portrait of the author serves as frontispiece.
Born of poor parents in the village of Nam Ping,
near Macao, the boy Yung had the good fortune to
receive the rudiments of an English education in a
mission school, which gave him a desire to go still
further in occidental learning. How his desire was
gratified, chiefly through his own pluck and perse-
verance, how he entered the Monson Academy, was
graduated, and then proceeded to Yale, where he
remained four years, took high honors in English,
and was the first Chinese student to receive a degree,
—all this is unassumingly told in the opening chapters;
after which comes the account of his self-imposed
labors for his country, his adventures in the Taiping
rebellion, his work for the American education of
Chinese boys, his appointment as joint minister with
Chin Lan Pin at Washington, and his diplomatic
activities in connection with the Japanese war of
1894-5. His opinion as to the cause of the Taiping
rebellion is noteworthy. "Neither Christianity nor
religious persecution," he maintains, " was the im-
mediate and logical cause of the rebellion of 1850.
They might be taken as incidents or occasions that
brought it about, but they were not the real causes
of its existence. These may be found deeply seated
in the vitals of the political constitution of the gov-
ernment. Foremost among them was the corruption
of the administrative government." In other words,
it was "graft" that caused all the mischief. The
author has excellent command of his adopted lan-
guage, having in fact at one time all but forgotten
his native tongue; and for both style and substance
his book commends itself.
Nearnet! Charon, seated on one of the twin
to the ideal peaks of Parnassus, surveying all the
Greek tpirtt. Greek world, had no wider range of
vision than Professor Francis G. and Mrs. Anne
C. E. Allinson, in their book on "Greek Lands and
Letters" (Houghton). While the task that they
assume of interpreting " Greek lands by the litera-
ture, and Greek literature by local associations and
physical environment," in one volume, may appear
Herculean, yet because of their simple modus
operandi they have succeeded admirably in produc-
ing a scholarly, and yet withal pleasing, book of
travel. They treat all of the fourteen odd divisions
of Greece in the same manner, — first, its physical
characteristics; then the mythological and historical
accounts, to complete the stage setting; and finally
the literature produced by and about each particular
locality for interpreting Greek life and institutions.
Thus Attica, open to all the world by reason of its
geographical situation, became the world's intellectual
and literary clearing-house in religion, politics, and
the fine arts. Sparta, on the other hand, hemmed
in on three sides by mountains, was "extraordi-
narily bare of artistic adornment." After a careful
examination of the twenty chapters dealing with
these sympathetic phases of physiography and lit-
erature, the reader feels that he has obtained, in a
most learned and entertaining way, an outline of the
different factors in Greek civilization, and has
brought most vividly to his mind an inkling of
"what is most vital in our Hellenic heritage."
Travellers who digest the contents of this volume
will feel that they are in close touch with the ideal
Greek spirit, and that they have progressed from
thyrsus-bearers to mystics. The four maps and
numerous photographic illustrations, together with the
colored frontispiece, are instructive and interesting.


1910.]
155
THE DIAL
Ardent lovers of Dickens can never
will welcome Mr. W. Teignmouth
Shore's attractive octavo, " Charles Dickens and His
Friends" (Cassell), in which has been assembled a
considerable selection of passages about Dickens by
his contemporaries, and about them by him and by
one another. Forster is, of course, the chief authority
consulted, while Thackeray, Rogers, Carlyle, Jeffrey,
Landor, Milnes, and our own Longfellow and James
T. Fields, are among the host of others drawn upon
for material. The author occasionally speaks in
his own person, and at other times quotes without
citing his authority. Five portraits of Dickens, with
other illustrations, adorn the volume, and it is an
interesting study to note the wide difference between
the young Apollo of Maclise's painting and the some-
what severe and careworn middle-aged man from
Frith'8 brush. The "door-knocker" beard of the
latter portrait was abhorred by Forster, but Dickens
himself gloried in it and was "told by some of his
friends that they highly approved of the change
because they now saw less of him." Mr. Shore has
produced an agreeable scrap-book which evidences
diligence, ingenuity, and not too slavish regard for
method. No index is provided, and no list of
authorities, nor is the reader's attention distracted
by footnotes. Of preface, too, the book is innocent,
and of appendix it pleads not guilty. It is just an
unpretentious compilation of entertaining Dickens-
iana, a book to read in at odd moments and not
to take too seriously.
a college The rea^er of Miss Caroline Hazard's
preiideni't volume, "A Brief Pilgrimage in the
piigrimaoe. Hoiy Land » (Houghton) will wish
that he might have heard the addresses that form
the book, as they were originally given in the college
chapel at Wellesley on Sunday evenings. With
appropriate music for each address—Mendelssohn's
Elijah for " Carmel by the Sea," the Pastoral Sym-
phony for "The Plain of Sharon," Christmas music
for "Bethlehem"; with graceful and rare-spirited
sonnets read for a prelude; and with fitting quota-
tions from the Scriptures for each address, there
must have been an atmosphere of sanctity and a dim
religious light which the printed book cannot give.
Nevertheless, the fervor of the author gives us the
light and the peace of one who, like her ancestors in
the Crusades, went down from Carmel to the Sea of
Galilee, and thence to the blessed feast at Jerusalem.
There is a sufficient amount of historical background
to make the book instructive as well as uplifting:
the sights and incidents of the holy Past give the
author occasion, which she wisely improves, for deal-
ing with the no less holy Present. No doubt, as Pres-
ident Hazard says, "Wellesley ought to be a better
college because its President has been on pilgrimage";
and equally, no doubt, every hearer of the addresses
and every reader of the book will be somehow better
for hearing and reading the story.
Notes.
The H. W. Wilson Co., Minneapolis, publish a vol-
ume of " University Addresses " by Professor William
Watts Folwell. The addresses are four in number,
and are dated from 1869 to 1884.
Privately printed by Mr. Luther A. Brewer at Cedar
Rapids, Iowa, we have a limited edition of Stedman's
little book upon Edgar Allan Poe. The original of this
work is now hard to obtain, which makes this beautiful
new edition all the more welcome.
"Selections from the Economic History of the United
States, 1765-1860," by Professor Guy Stevens Collen-
der, is a publication of Messrs. Ginn & Co. It is in
form a source-book, with extensive introductory essays
supplied for the several chapters. There are fifteen
main divisions, such as "Colonial Economy," "Trans-
portation," "Settlement of the West," and " Economics
of Slavery." The book is a large one, numbering over
eight hundred pages.
"The People's Library," a series of handy and inex-
pensive volumes, which have had a large sale in En-
gland, will be put upon the American market by Messrs.
Cassell & Co. Among the latest additions to the "Li-
brary" are to be noted Stevenson's "Master of Bal-
lantrae," Hawthorne's "House of the Seven Gables,"
Jane Austen's "Emma," Charlotte Bronte's "Villette,"
Borrow's "Lavengro," Irving's "Sketch Book," Rus-
kin's "Crown of Wild Olives " and "Seven Lamps of
Architecture," Pope's translation of the "Iliad," De-
foe's "Journal of the Plague Year," Holmes's " Pro-
fessor at the Breakfast Table," and Thomas a Kempis's
"Imitation of Christ."
A unique and delightful publishing enterprise is that
known — bnt not so widely as its merits deserve — as
"John Martin's Letters for Children." One has only
to send to the publisher (Morgan Shepard of New
York), stating the age of the boy or girl to be written
to, and once in every two weeks a letter is forthcoming.
"John Martin" writes about animals and fairies and
children and other things that children love. He puts
in a rhyme or two towards the end, and a talk about
books for boys and girls. He draws pictures to illus-
trate his stories, and his writing is plain, so that little
folks can read it. There is a space for the name of
each small recipient at the beginning of the letters;
and this, with their friendly intimate style, would make
it very difficult to prove to any of "John Martin's"
many correspondents that the "Letters" are only a
sort of bi-monthly magazine pleasantly disguised.
Mr. H. E. Marshall, who, several years ago, published
a history of England for young readers, now gives us a
companion volume in "The Child's English Literature"
(Stokes). It is a difficult task to interest youth in the
history of literature, but our author has achieved some
measure of success by his avoidance of text-book
methods, his adoption of a simple and unaffected style,
and his choice of such material as can be brought into
some sort of real relationship with childish interests.
His scale of proportion is quite different, as is proper,
from that which would be imperative in a book for older
people. His book has, moreover, the advantage of a
series of beautiful and instructive illustrations in color,
to say nothing of its attractive typography and boldly-
decorated covers. For the right kind of boy or girl
from twelve to sixteen, we could not imagine a more
welcome gift or delightful possession.


156
[March 1,
THE
DIAL
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
March, 1910.
Adler, Jules. Charles H. Coffin. Harper-
Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth. Edwin Lefevre. American.
American Woman. The. Ida M. Tarbell. American.
Art in America, The Story of — II. Arthur Hoeber. Bookman.
Art. State of, in America. E.:H. Blashfleld. No. Amer. Review.
Authors, Great—Are They Dead? L. McClung. Lippincott.
Bollinger Case, The. 8.E. White. American.
Beef Supply, Our, as a Business. W. C. Howey. Rev. of Rev:
Best Sellers of Yesterday. A. B. Maurice. Bookman.
Boy Criminals—VI. Ben B. Lindsey. Everybody''».
British Elections, The. Sydney Brooks. North Amer. Review.
Carnegie Hero Fund. Story of. H. M. Phelps. World To-day.
Chemistry— What It does for Humanity. W. Hard. Munsey.
Cherry Mine, Heroes of the. Edith Wyatt. McClure.
Children's Institution, A. Q. Stanley Hall. Harper.
China, Western Invasion of. E. D. Burton. World To-day.
Coloratura Music, The Future of. Tetrazzini. Everybody's.
Corporations. Regulation of. J. J. Hill. World's Work.
Democracy and the Church. C. B. Brewster. No. A mer. Rev.
Dependents, Rich and Poor. Bolton Hall. Lippincott.
Drama, Big Situations in the. C. Hamilton. Bookman.
Dramatic Unities. The. Brander Matthews. Atlantic.
Electricity as Source of Heat. D. C. Shafer. Rev. of Reviews.
England and Socialism. North Amerian Review.
Farms, Our Rich. I. F. Marcosson. Munsey.
Federal Railroad Regulation. W. Z. Ripley. Atlantic.
Fels, Joseph, Work of. A. W. Wishart. World To-day.
France. Anatole. C. C. Washburn. Atlantic.
France, Politics in. AlcideEbray. North American Review.
Government, The Powers of. G.Sutherland. No. Amer. Rev.
Grand Opera in English. M. T. Antrim. Lippincott.
Harben, W. N., Georgia Fiction of. W. D. Howells. A'o. Amer.
Hornsteiner, John. W. C. Howe. World To-day.
Housing, City, The Problem of. H.Godfrey. Atlantic.
Ideal. Feminine. Change in the. Mrs. Deland. Atlantic.
Links, Curiosities of the. E. W. Townsend. Munsey.
Living, Cost of, in the U.S. and Europe. World To-day.
Locke, W. J. G. W. Harris. Review of Reviews.
Morals Taught by Photographs. W. H. Page. World'i Work.
Mexican Peonage, Three Months in. American.
Mountaineers, Our Southern. T. Dawley. Jr. WorUVs Work.
New York, Government of. W. B. Shaw. Review of Review.
Newberry's Naval Reform—II. C.F.Goodrich. No. Amer. Rev.
Newspaper Novel, The. H. H. McClure. Bookman.
Opera. Frenzied. William Barr. Everybody'!.
Palmyra, A Visit to. E. Huntington. Harper.
Panama Canal, The. H. E. Webster. Everybody'!.
Paulhan. M., Aviation Feats of. H. Wright. World To-day.
Philippines. Motoring in. W. W. Magee. World To-day.
Pinchot. Gifford. Walter H. Page. World's Work.
Police, Menace of the—III. Hugh C. Weir. World To-day.
Population Changes. W. S. Rossiter. Review of Review*.
Progress, Industrial, during 1909. J. G. Dator. Munsey.
Prosperity with Justice. P. 8. Grosscup. JVo. Amer. Review.
Railroad Accounting in U.S. and England. No. Amer. Review.
Railroad Investments. The Key to. J. Moody. Rev. of Reviews.
Reconstruction Period. Diary of—II. Gideon Wells. Atlantic.
Religion, Our Superiority in. E.Richardson. Atlantic.
Republican Revolt, The. Ray 8. Baker. American.
Rod, Edouard, The Personal. Stuart Henry. Bookman.
Schools and School-Children — II. E. Atkinson. World To-day.
Servant Problem, Depth and Breadth of. McClure.
Shah of Persia. Recollections of. X. Paoli. McClure.
Shakespeare Discoveries, New. C. W. Wallace. Harper,
Shirtwaist Makers. Strike of. M. C. Barnes. World To-day.
Spain's Economic Revival. F. D. Hill. Review of Reviews.
Squaw Man, The, As He Is. B. Millard. Everybody's.
Stanley's Africa, Past and Present. J. M. Hubbard. Atlantic.
Stovaine — the New Anesthetic. B. Hendrick. McClure.
Swift, Dean, and the Two Esthers. Lyndon Orr. Munsey.
Taft, One Year of. E.G. Lowry. North American Review.
Teacher, The. Joseph M. Rogers. Lippincott.
Telephone. Birth of the. H. N. Casson. World's Work.
Trusts, The, and High Prices. J. W. Jenks. Rev. of Reviews.
Vedder, Elihu, Reminiscences of — IIL World's Work.
Vivisection," Absolute Freedom " for. E. Berdoe. No. Amer.
Waterway, The Lakes-to-the-Gulf. T. Long. World To-day.
Wealth of our Mines and Forests. M. G. Seckendorff. Munsey.
Wilderness, Battle of the — X. Morris Schaff. A tlantic.
Winter, William. Walter P. Eaton. Munsey.
Wires. Rulers of the. C. M. Keys. World's Work.
Wool Schedule, The Making of. R. W. Child. Everybody's.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 99 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Life of Garret Augustus Hobart: Twenty-fourth Vice-
President of the United States. By David Magie. Illus-
trated in photogravure, large 8vo, 300 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.50 net.
Jane Austen and her Country-House Comedy. By W. H.
Helm. With photogravure frontispiece, large 8vo, 268
pages. John Lane Co. $3.80 net.
Life of Henry Clay. By Thomas Hart Clay. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 460 pages. "American Crisis Biographies."
George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.25 net.
The Life of William Shakespeare. Expurgated. By William
Leavitt Stoddard. With frontispiece, 8vo, 80pages. Boston:
W. A. Butterfield. $1.25 net.
Lincoln. By Isaac Newton Phillips. With portrait, 12mo, 117
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.
history;.
The Elizabethan People. By Henry Thew Stephenson.
Illustrated. 12mo. 412 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2. net.
The Quaker In the Forum. By Amelia Mott Gnmmere.
Illustrated, 8vo. 327 pages. Philadelphia: John C. Winston
Co. $1.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Yet Again. By Max Beerbohm. 12mo. 826 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.50 net.
Light Come. Light Oo: Gambling. Gamesters. Wagers, tbe
Turf. By Ralph Nevill. Illustrated in color, large 8vo, 448
pages. Macmillan Co. $4.50 net.
The Great English Short-Story Writers. With introduc-
tory essays and notes by William J. Dawson and Coningsby
W. Dawson. In 2 volumes, 12mo. Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
Letters of John Mason Neale. D.D. Edited by his daugh-
ter. With portrait in photogravure, large 8vo, 379 pages.
Longmans. Green, & Co. $3. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Fables de La Fontaine. With preface by Jules Claretie. In
2 volumes, with photogravure frontispieces, ISmo. "Las
Classiques Francais." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
The Return of the Native. By Thomas Hardy. New edition:
with frontispiece in tint. 16mo, 507 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25.
"First Folio" Shakespeare. Edited, with notes, introduc-
tion, and glossary, by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke.
New volumes: The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida: Tbe
Tragedie of Cymbeline; Pericles, Prince of Tyre. Each with
frontispiece in photogravure. l6mo. Thomas Y. Crowell &
Co. Per vol., 75 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Allison's Lad, and Other Martial Interludes. By Beulah Marie
Dix. 12mo, 215 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.35 net.
Insurrections. By James Stephens. lCmo, 65 pages. Mac-
millan Co. 40 cts. net.
Mingled Wine. By Anna Bunston. 12mo, 116 pages. Long-
mans, Green, St Co. $1.20 net.
White Heather. By Ella Mary Gordon. With portrait. 12mo.
223 pages. London: Elliot Stock.
In Love's Garden, and Other Verses. By Ida Frances Ander-
son. Decorated, 16mo, 95 pages. Los Angeles, Cal.: Arroyo
Guild Press.
The Oak amongst the Fines, and Other Poems. By Carl
Henderson. 12mo. 146 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50.
From the Heart of the Hills. By Clinton Scollard and
Thomas S. Jones. 16mo. 81 pages. Clinton, N. Y.: George
William Browning. 50 cts. net.
Florldian Sonnets. By William Henry Venable. With por-
trait, 12mo. 43 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.
Hylas, and Other Poems. By Edwin Preston Dargan. 12mo,
69 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.
Symbolisms. By T. Carl Whitmer. 12mo. 23 pages. Richard
G. Badger.


1910.]
157
THE DIAL
FICTION.
The Tower of Ivory. By Gertrude Atherton. 12mo, 467 paces.
Macmillan Co. 11.60.
The Human Cobweb: A Romance of Peking. By B. L. Putnam
Weale. 12mo. 489 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Over the Quloksands, By Anna Chapin Ray. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 883 pages. Little, Brown, A Co. $1.60.
Mary Gary — " Frequently Martha." By Kate Langley Bosher.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 168 pages. Harper &
Brothers. Si. net.
Little Brother o' Dreams. By Elaine Goodale Eastman.
16mo, 191 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. Si. net.
The Snarl of Clroumstance. By Edith Buckley. Illustrated,
12mo, 867 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.60.
A Mine of Fanlta. Translated by F. W. Bain. 12mo, 140
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Si .26 net.
Bally Bishop: A Romance. By E. Temple Thurston. 12mo,
424 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50.
The Stronger Claim. By Alice Perrin. 12mo, 305 pages.
Dnffield & Co. $1.50.
A Daughter of the Manse. By Mrs. Charles Tracy Taylor.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 402 pages. Philadelphia;
John C. Winston Co. $1.50.
The Tempting of Paul Cheater. By Alice and Claude
Askew. 12mo, 343 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
Go Forth and Find. By H. D. Pittman. 12mo. 382 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.60.
The Dweller on the Borderland. By Marquise Clara Lanza.
8vo, 477 pages. Philadelphia: John Jos. McVey. $1.60.
TRAVEL AND DESCKIPTION.
Central America and its Problems: An Account of a Jour-
ney from the Rio Grande to Panama. By Frederick Palmer.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 347 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co.
$2.50 net.
The Rivers and Streams of England. By A. G. Bradley;
illustrated in color by Sutton Palmer. Large 8vo, 287 pages.
Macmillan Co. $8. net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Orpheus: A General History of Religions. By Salomon
Reinach; translated by Florence Simmonds. With frontis-
piece in color, large 8vo, 439 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$3. net.
In After Days: Thoughts on the Future Life. By W. D.
Howells, Henry James, John Bigelow, and others. With
portraits, 8vo. 232 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
The Fourth Gospel in Research and Debate: A Series of
Essays on Problems Concerning the Origin and Value of the
Anonymous Writings Attributed to the Apostle John. By
Benjamin Wisner Bacon. Large 8vo, 544 pages. Moffat,
Yard & Co. $4.00 net.
London at Prayer. By Charles Morley. Illustrated, 8vo, 341
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.60 net.
Studies in Religion and Theology: The Church, in Idea
and in History. By A. M. Fairbairn. Large 8vo, 635 pages.
Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
Social Solutions in the Light of Christian Ethics. By Thomas
C. Hall. 8vo, 390 pages. Eaton & Mains. $1.50 net.
A Popular History of the Church of England from the
Earliest Times to the Present Day. By William Boyd Car-
penter. With frontispiece, 8vo, 517 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $1.50 net.
Religion in the Making: A Study in Biblical Sociology. By
Samuel G. Smith 12mo, 243 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.26 net.
Modern Christianity; or. The Plain Gospel Modernly Ex-
pounded. By John P. Peters. 12mo, 323 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
The Religion of the Chinese. By J. J. M. DeGroot. 12mo,
230 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Two Great Questions: The Existence of God and the
Immortality of the Soul. By Lysander Hill. 8vo, 317 pages.
Chicago: Regan Printing House. $2.
Studies in Theology. First volumes: Faith and its Psy-
chology, by Rev. William R. Inge; Philosophy and Religion,
by Rev. Hastings Rashdall; A Critical Introduction to the
New Testament, by Arthur S. Peake. Each 12mo. Charles
Scribner's Sons. Per vol.. 75 cts net.
Modern Religious Problems. First volumes: The Church
and Labor, by Charles Stelzle; Paul and Paulinism, by James
Moffatt; The Earliest Sources for the Life of Jesus, by F.
Crawford Burkitt. Each 16mo. Houghton Mifflin Co. Per
vol., 50 cts. net.
Faith and Health. By Charles Reynolds Brown. 12mo,234
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell A Co. $1. net.
The Religion of the Future. By Charles W. Eliot. 16mo,
56 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 60 cts. net.
Jesus of Nazareth in the Light of Today. By Elbert Russell.
12mo, 111 pages. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co.
60 cts. net.
The Dimensional Idea as an Aid to Religion. By W. F.
Tyler. 16mo, 76 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. 50 cts.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
What is SooialismP By Reginald Wright Kauffman. 12mo,
264 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.25 net.
Indian Speeches, 1907-1909. By Viscount Morley. Large 8vo,
163 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
The Strength of England: A Politico-Economic History of
England from Saxon Times to Charles I. By J. W. Welsford:
with preface by W. Cunningham. 8vo, 563 pages. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $1.75 net.
The Social Gospel. By Shaller Mathews. 16mo, 166 pages.
Griffith & Rowland Press. 50 cts. net.
A Working Temperanoe Programme. By Samuel Zane
Batten. 12mo, 67 pages. American Baptist Publication
Society. 15 cts. net.
NATURE AND SCIENCE.
Shell-Fish Industries. By James L. Kellogg. Illustrated,
8vo, 361 pages. "American Nature Series." Henry Holt &
Co. $1.75 net.
Mosquito or Manf The Conquest of the Tropical World.
By Sir Robert W. Boyce. Illustrated, large 8vo, 267 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50 net.
How to Study the Stars : Astronomy with Small Telescopes
and the Naked Eye. By L. Rudaux; translated by A. H.
Keane. Illustrated, 12mo, 360 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $2. net.
Experiments on the Generation of Insects. By Francoesc
Redi; translated by Mab Bigelow. New edition; illustrated,
8vo, 160 pages. Open Court Publishing Co. $2.
Broad Lines in Science Teaching. Edited by F. Hodson:
with introduction by M. E. Sadler. Large 8vo, 267 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Eugenios: The Science of Human Improvement by Better
Breeding. By C. W. Davenport. 16mo. 35 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. 50 cents net.
The Biology of Sex: A Study of the Sex Problem according
to the Latest Facts disclosed by Biology and Evolution. By
Gideon Dietrich. 12mo, 93 pages. Chicago: Samuel A.
Bloch. 60 cts.
ART AND MUSIC.
Practical Hints for Art Students. By Charles A. Lasar.
Illustrated. 16mo, 214 pages. Dnffield & Co. $1. net.
Eight Violin Pieoes in the First Position. By Elizabeth Fyffe.
Large 8vo, 19 pages. Boston: Oliver Ditson Co. $1.25.
The Construction, Tuning, and Care of the Piano-Forte.
By Edward Quincy Norton. 12mo, 117 pages. Boston:
Oliver Ditson Co.
EDUCATION.
Geographical Essays. By William Morris Davis: edited by
Douglas Wilson Johnson. 8vo, 777 pages. Ginn & Co.
$2.75 net.
Exposition and Illustration in Teaching. By John Adams.
12mo. 428 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Principles of Education. By William Carl Ruediger.
12mo. 306 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Leading Facts of American History. By D. H. Mont
gomery. Revised edition; illustrated. 12mo, 400 pages.
"Leading Facts of History Series." Ginn & Co, $1.
The Utility of All Kinds of Higher Schooling: An Investi-
gation. By R. T. Crane. 8vo, 331 pages. Chicago: Crane
Co. $1.
Study Book in English Literature, from Chaucer to the
Close of the Romantic Period. By E. R. Hooker. 16mo. 324
pages. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.
The Teaching of Latin in Secondary Schools. By Eugene
A. Hecker. 8vo, 129 pages. Boston: Schoenhof Book Co.
80 cts.
Common Difficulties in Reading French. By Charles C.
Clarke.Jr. 16mo, 142 pages. NewYork: William R.Jenkins
Co. $1. net.
Mon Livre de Petites Hlstolres. By Agnes Godfrey Gay.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 138 pages. NewYork: William
R. Jenkins Co.$l- net.


158
[March 1,
THE DIAL
Heath's Modern Language Series. New volumes: Racine's
Phedre, edited by Irving Babbitt; Dosia, by Henry Greville.
Bach i6mo. D. C. Heath & Co.
International Modern Language Series. New volumes:
Schiller's Jungfrau von Orleans, edited by Philip Schuyler
Allen and Steven Tracy Byington; Anfane und Ende. by
Paul Heyse. edited by A. Busse. Each with frontispiece,
16mo. Ginn & Co.
Plane Geometry, Developed by the Syllabus Method. By
Eocene Randolph Smith. l2mo, 192 pages. American Book
Co. 76 cts. net.
Plane Trigonometry. By Edward R. Robbing. Illustrated,
8vo, 1S3 pages. American Book Co. 60 cts. net.
The Halcyon Song-Book. Compiled by Leonard B. Marshall.
Large 8vo, 224 pages. New York: Silver, Burdett A Co.
German Verb Blank. Arranged by Robert J. Kellogg. Large
8vo. Ginn & Co.
A Second Book in English for Foreigners. By Isabel Rich-
man Wallach. Illustrated, 18mo, 2S6 pages. Silver, Burdett
& Co. 50 cts.
Hoher als die Kirche. By Wilhelmine von Hlllera; edited,
with notes, by Frederick W. J. Heuser. Illustrated. l6mo,
184 pages. "Merrill's German Texts." Charles E. Merrill
Co. GO cts.
Excelsior: Ballad for School Chorus. Text by H. W. Long-
fellow; music by P. A. Schnecker. Large 8vo, 12 pages.
Boston: Oliver Ditson Co. 25 cts.
Pupil's Notebook and Study Outline in Roman History,
By Edna M. McKinley. 8vo, 144 pages. American Book Co.
25 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Kara Arlthmetioa: A Catalogue of the Arithmetics Written
before 1601. By David Eugene Smith. New edition; illus-
trated, largo 8vo. 508 pages. Ginn & Co. 15.50 net.
Who's Who in 1910: An Annual Biographical Dictionary.
12mo, 2162 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
Resources: An Interpretation of the Well-Rounded Life. By
Stanton Davis Kirkham. 12mo, 236 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. 11.25 net.
Nietzsche in Outline and Aphorism. By A. R. Orage. 18mo,
188 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. 75 cts. net.
Harper's Handy-Book for Girls. Edited by Anna Parmly
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New York Society on Parade. By Ralph Pulitzer. Illus-
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Washington's Birthday: Its History. Observance, Spirit, and
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328 pages. Moffat. Yard & Co. $1. net.
The Fresh Air Book. By J. P. Miiller. Illustrated, 18mo.
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Comparative Mythology: An Essay. By Professor Max
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THE DIAL
a J5mu=jiflontrjIrj Journal of ILittrarg Criticism, ffitsnisston, ano Information.
THE DIAL (founded In 1880) is published on the 1st and lfith of
each month. Terms or Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the Untied States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadiim
postage GO cents per year extra. Remittances should be by check, or
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY,
bnless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin wiih the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub-
scription is received, it is assumed thai a continuance of the subscription
is desired. Advertuucq Rates furnished on application. All com-
munications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered a* Second-Clan Matter October 8, 1892, at the Port Office
at Chicago, IllmoU, under Act ot March 3, 1879.
No. 570. MARCH 16, 1910. Vol. XLVIII.
Contents.
PAGE
THE KEATS-SHELLEY MEMORIAL 185
THE FIRST AMERICAN STUDENTS IN GER-
MANY. Mien C. Hinsdale 187
CASUAL COMMENT 189
The reports of the Carnegie Foundation.—
The rain returning after the cloud.—The end of a
famous journalistic dynasty.—The making of poets
and dramatists.— The restoration of Homer.— The
Southern Library Training School.—The persistence
of poetry.—"Making culture hum."
COMMUNICATIONS 101
The "Best Seller "and Romance. Margaret Vance.
The Use of the "Printer's Catchword." Chas. Welsh.
Origin of a Stock Phrase. S. T. Kidder.
A TRAVELLER IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND.
Charles Atwood Kofoid 192
OUR DIPLOMATIC DEALINGS WITH SPAIN.
H. Parker Willis 193
THE PROPHET OF MODERN MUSIC. Louis
James Block 195
JOAN OF ARC: AN ANTI-CLERICAL VIEW.
Laurence M. Larson 1!>7
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne .... 10<l
Figgis's A Vision of Life. — Frewen's Light among
the Leaves. — Stone's Lusus. — Tabor's Odds and
Ends. — Carman's The Rough Rider, and Other
Poems.—Mackaye's Poems.—O'Hara's Songs of the
Open. — Loveman's The Blushful South and Hip-
pocrene. — Miss Guiney's Happy Ending. — Miss
Thomas's The Guest at the Gate.—Mrs. Huntington's
From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems. — Mrs.
Coates's Lyrics of Life.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 202
Diversions of a genial trifler. — Some early appreci-
ations of Meredith. —Vital problems, economic and
sociological.—Wanderings about Rome, old and new.
— Back-yard studies of the stars. — London Town,
from King Lud to Queen "Vic."—The life of an
old-fashioned gentlewoman. — Second coming of the
Bourbons.—Afghanistan, the "buffer state."—Life-
history of Quantrell, the guerrilla.
NOTES 206
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS .... '207
A classified list of books to be issued by American
publishers during the Spring and Summer of 1910.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 216
THE KEATS-SHELLEY MEMORIAL.
It is now almost a year since the ceremonial
opening of the Keats-Shelley Memorial House
in Rome — the house in the Piazza di Spagna
to which Keats was brought by Joseph Severn,
and in which the poet died February 28,1821.
The first Bulletin of the Memorial Association
has just been issued, under the editorship of
Sir Rennell Rodd and Mr. H. Nelson Gray, and
for the first time makes public the full details
of the exercises, besides presenting much other
matter of deep interest to the lovers of the two
English poets whose dying gaze was fixed upon
Italian skies. Henceforth poetry-loving pil-
grims from the English-speaking world to the
Eternal City will pay double tribute to the
memory of Keats and Shelley, — first at the
twin tombs in the shadow of the Pyramid of
Cestius, and then at the house which is now
dedicated to these two immortal singers.
The inception and progress of the enterprise
so happily conceived and successfully carried
into effect may be briefly recapitulated. It was
in 1903, on the anniversary of Keats's death,
that the plan took definite shape at the meeting
of a small group of American authors who were
then fortuitously gathered in Rome. The ini-
tiative was due to Mr. Robert Underwood
Johnson, and his efforts were cordially seconded
by Sir Rennell Rodd. It was determined to
organize English and American and Roman
committees, to obtain the official sanction of the
King of Italy, the King of England, and the
President of the United States, and to invite
subscriptions for the purchase of the desired
house. It took three years to conduct the pre-
liminary negotiations with the Italian owners
of the property, and then, with an option on
its purchase secured, the plan was made pub-
lic. About a year of effort was required to
secure the necessary funds (something over
twenty thousand dollars), and then the property
was bought by the Association. Gifts of books,
manuscripts, and works of art suitable for
preservation in such a place, were then solic-
ited, and the demand met with a generous
response. More material gifts were also forth-
coming, including the furnishing of the rooms
of the second-floor apartment which Keats occu-


186
[March 16,
THE DIAL
pied, and the Memorial was ready for its formal
dedication. It should be added that a perpet-
ual, if modest, endowment fund is provided by
the rental of the otherwise unoccupied parts of
the building.
The dedicatory ceremonies were held April 3,
1909, in the presence of the King of Italy, the
British and American Ambassadors, and about
sixty invited guests, among whom were the
Rev. Mr. Esdaile, Shelley's grandson, and Mr.
Arthur Severn, the son of Joseph Severn. Sir
Rennell Rodd opened the exercises with a few
well-chosen words, expressing his trust that the
house will remain in perpetuity "a centre of
interest and a shrine of pilgrimage to all the
English-speaking people who come to this hos-
pitable Italy, which all our poets have loved and
to which in the century which has lately closed
a large portion of their genius has been dedi-
cated." Mr. H. Nelson Gay, admitting that
England had "furnished the poets" for the
Memorial, said that America had shared in
appreciating their genius, reprinting them
steadily from 1821 onwards. And he added,
addressing the King: "No project which bears
the name of Italy can fail to receive enthusiastic
support across the Atlantic." Mr. R. U. John-
son, unable to be present, sent a letter paying
tribute to Keats and Shelley — " the freshness
of their verse; their soaring imagination; the
exquisite music of their rhythms ; the ardor and
breadth of their sympathies ; their steadfast con-
viction of justice as the foundation of human
government; the gracious tradition of their per-
sonal lovableness, and the glowing ideality of
their devotion to a noble art."
An address by Signor Ferdinando Martini,
statesman and scholar, was given in eloquent
Italian. He brought a continental and quasi-
political note into the proceedings, calling Keats
"the Andre* Chenier of English poetry, the
unwearied seeker after the perfection of form,"
and speaking of Shelley's prophetic vision that
a century ago "perceived Rome rending the
sacerdotal cowl, and the shepherds of Ausonia
chasing the northern wolves across the Alps."
A text from Carducci supplied Signor Martini's
peroration:
"Fremono freschi i pini per l'aura grande di Roma,
Tu dove sei, poeta del liberate mondo?"
The Italian poet asked his question of Shelley's
urn; the Italian statesman answered it at the
shrine newly dedicated to Shelley's memory.
Mr. Arthur Severn, as the last speaker, told of
the closing weeks of Keats's life, as he had often
heard the tale from the lips of his own father.
The King then pronounced the formula of dedi-
cation, and the proceedings were over. Their
purport was afterwards summed up in these
simple and sincere verses by Mr. Harold
Boulton:
"From Britain, Empress of the worldwide seas,
And from that proud republic of the West,
The new Atlantis of our latter day,
In April tide to Rome came embassies
To greet two makers of sweet melodies,
Where shreds of their mortality find rest
Mid cypress trees and groves of poet's bay,
And loving hearts keep green their memories.
We, lovers of our poets and Italy,
Are as their children's sons as men count years;
These years, to them who soar in Fame's wide spheres,
Are but one wing-beat in eternity."
The furnishings of the memorial rooms have
been provided by the New York Stock Exchange
(in memory of E.C. Stedman), the late General
W. J. Palmer of Colorado Springs, Mr. W. K.
Bixby of St. Louis, and the Woman's Club of
Minneapolis. The other contents include works
of art, personal relics, autograph letters, various
manuscripts, and a library already numbering a
thousand titles, to which it is expected a second
thousand will soon be added. The committee
has wisely decided to extend the scope of the
Memorial to all the English poets having close
associations with Italy, in consequence of which
decision the collection already includes some
material relating to' Byron and Leigh Hunt.
We trust that it will in time be made to include
Landor, the Brownings, and Swinburne. We
have hardly as yet had any American poet of
high importance (with the possible exception of
Longfellow), whose Italian associations would
warrant admission to this distinguished com-
pany. But the centuries may remedy even this
defect in our record.
The greater part of the Bulletin now pub-
lished is devoted to a catalogue of the library,
and a reprint of the letters acquired for the
archives. Of this hitherto unpublished mate-
rial, the most interesting part is found in a
group of letters by Trelawny, relating in part
to Shelley and Byron, and in part to his own
adventurous enterprises. Letters by Shelley,
Byron, Severn, and Trelawny are reproduced
in photographic facsimile. An etching of the
house, and two photogravure views of interiors,
complete the list of illustrations. The Bulletin
has thus documentary value on its own account,
besides fulfilling its function as a record of the
history of a peculiarly praiseworthy enterprise,
now brought to a happy consummation.


1910.]
187
THE DIAL
THE FIRST AMERICAN STUDENTS
IN GERMANY.
A fresh reading of George Ticknor's letters from
Germany, as they appear in an attractive new edi-
tion of his "Life, Letters, and Journals," published
by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. and provided with
an Introduction by Mr. Ferris Greenslet, recalls a
period in the intellectual development of this country
which is full of interest for the present generation,
when so many American students are earning their
Ph.D.'s in German universities. The influence of the
German mind over the American mind has played
so great a role in our intellectual and educational
history that any facts pertaining to its establishment
are of interest and value. When the time comes
to measure the importance and extent of this influ-
ence, these letters of Ticknor will be a valuable
source of material.
It was in August, 1815, when the young Bos-
tonian whom Mr. Greenslet calls our first cosmo-
politan scholar arrived in Gottingen, where he was
to learn the real meaning of scholarship. Ticknor
was, however, not the first American student to
enter a German university, although the first to
leave a published record of his experiences. Benja-
min Smith Barton, of Pennsylvania, later an eminent
physician and author of scientific works, had pre-
ceded him at Gottingen, and had taken his doctor's
degree there in 1799; also W. B. Astor of New
York, and Edward Everett, whom he found there
on his arrival, preparing himself for the Greek pro-
fessorship in Harvard College.
It is an interesting fact that Ticknor did not
obtain his first knowledge of Gottingen from any
one of these three countrymen, but from Madame
de StaeTs work on Germany. This famous book,
which first saw the light in England in 1813, dis-
covered intellectual and spiritual Germany not only
for France, but for the English-speaking world as
well. The pitiful ignorance of the German language
and literature prevailing in this country at that time
is shown by Ticknor's account of his difficulties in
obtaining some preliminary knowledge of the lan-
guage of the country where he had decided to study.
There was no one in Boston who could teach him.
In Jamaica Plains he found an Alsatian, a teacher
of mathematics, who was willing to help him, but
who warned him that he spoke a dialect. He bor-
rowed a grammar, French and German, from Ed-
ward Everett; sent to New Hampshire, where he
knew there was a Geramn dictionary, and obtained
it; and after much seeking got hold of a copy of
"Werther" for a reading-book.
At Gottingen the young scholar from over-seas
found the leading university of Germany, if not
of Europe. Founded by George the Second, the
university had enjoyed the special protection of the
English crown until Hanover was incorporated into
Westphalia under Jerome Bonaparte. While Napo-
leon was pillaging the universities of Jena, Halle, and
Leipzig, he spared Gottingen, which, he declared,
belonged neither to Hanover nor to Germany, but
to the world. The University was equally fortunate
in escaping the clutches of Jerome. Ticknor realized
at once that he had entered a new world. Among
the many distinguished scholars and teachers, he
found two of international reputation — Gauss the
mathematician, and Blumenbach the naturalist, who
were attracting students from the whole of Europe.
For the first time in his life, says his editor, "he
was made to understand and feel what is meant by
instruction;" to know "the difference between recit-
ing to a man and being taught by him." In a letter
to his father he thus writes of his Greek tutor Dr.
Schultze:
"Every day I am filled with new astonishment at the
variety and accuracy, the minuteness and leadiness of his
learning. Every day I feel anew . . . what a mortifying
distance there is between a European and an American
scholar! We do not yet know what a Greek scholar is; we
do not even know the process by which a man is to be made
one. Mr. Schultze is hardly older than I am. ... It never
entered into my imagination to conceive that any expense
of time or talent could make a man so accomplished in this
forgotten tongue as he is."
The new-comer was also amazed by the prevailing
industry.
"If I desired to teach anybody the value of time, I would
send him to spend a semester at Gottingen. Until I began
to attend the lectures, and go frequently into the streets, I
had no idea of the accuracy with which it is measured and
sold by the professors. Every clock that strikes is the signal
for four or five lectures to begin and four or five others to
close. In the intervals you may go into the streets and find
they are silent and empty; but the bell has hardly told the
hour before they are filled with students, with their port-
folios under their arms, hastening from the feet of one
Gamaliel to those of another, — generally running, in order
to save time. . . . As soon as they reach the room, they take
their places and prepare their pens and paper. The pro-
fessor comes in almost immediately, and from that time till
he goes out, the sound of his disciples taking notes does not
for an instant cease. . . . From the accuracy with which
time is measured, what in all other languages is called a
lesson is called in German ' an hour.' You are never asked
if you take lessons of such a person, but whether you take
'hours' of him. . . . Visiting, as it is done in our [American]
colleges, is a thing absolutely unknown here. If a man,
who means to have any reputation as a scholar, sees his best
friend once a week, it is thought quite often enough."
The library of the university was a constant
delight to the young student, as well as a reminder
of the literary poverty of his own country. Speak-
ing, after his return, of the library of Harvard Col-
lege, he remarked:
"When I went away, I thought it was a large library
when I came back, it seemed a closetful of books."
The young barbarian from the West excited interest
in the Gottingen world on l)is own part. Endowed
by nature with rare social gifts, he was received into
the homes of his professors on terms of friendship.
Together with his fellow-student, Everett, he was
elected to the exclusive literary club of the university,
a society composed of professors and a few chosen
students. In reporting this honor to his father, he
writes:
"We were taken in as a kind of raree-show, I suppose,


188
[March 16,
THE DIAL
and we are considered, I doubt not, with much the same
curiosity that a tame monkey or a dancing bear would be.
We come from suoh an immense distance, that it is supposed
we can be hardly civilized; and it is, I am told, a matter of
astonishment to many that we are white."
The young American himself may have been a
"raree-show" for several distinguished visitors of
the university of whom we catch glimpses in the
letters. One of them was Wolf, "the corypheus of
German philologists," of whom he writes:
"He was curious about our country, and questioned me
about our scholars and our scholarship. I told him what I
could, — amongst other things, of a fashionable dashing
preacher of New York having told me that he took great plea-
sure in reading the choruses of iEschylus, and that he read
them without the aid of a dictionary! I was walking with
Wolf at the time, and on hearing this he stopped, squared
round, and said, 'He told you that, did he?' 'Yes,' I
answered. 'Very well; the next time you hear him say it,
do you tell him he lies, and that I say so.'"
Ticknor was not in pursuit of a degree ; and after
a residence of twenty months he set out again on his
travels, carrying with him an unanswered letter of
great moment, the offer of the professorships of the
French and Spanish languages and of Belles Lettret
at Harvard College. Soon after his return from
Europe in 1819, he was inducted with solemn cere-
mony into these new professorships. At Harvard,
then a college of twenty teachers and three hundred
students, Ticknor found a state of affairs which would
have completely discouraged a man of less ardent
and optimistic temperament. The methods of instruc-
tion were antiquated, the discipline weak; the govern-
ing bodies had fallen into a state of laisser-faire,
which made any change a slow and painful process.
The reforms proposed by the new professor caused
a great rattling among the dry bones at Cambridge.
But the authorities had no taste for methods made in
Germany, and the changes went no farther than his
own department But if Ticknor did not have the
gratification of seeing many of his suggestions adopted,
to him belongs the honor of giving the initial impulse
to the reforms which were finally to change into a
university the institution which at that time did not
deserve the name of college. Mr. Greenslet calls
him "the originator of the university idea in
America."
Edward Everett, whom Ticknor had left behind
at Gottingen, soon came home, bringing with him
more German books for the Harvard library than
all the rest of New England possessed. As soon as
he was established as professor of Greek, one of his
first acts was to urge upon the president of the col-
lege the desirability of founding a travelling scholar-
ship for the purpose of having some promising young
scholar in training abroad for service to his alma
mater. The suggestion was acted upon, and the
choice fell upon George Bancroft, then in his
eighteenth year. After three years in Gottingen,
Bancroft returned to his native country, in 1820,
with the degree of doctor of philosophy. For a
year he was tutor at Harvard; but failed to receive
a permanent appointment, and was also, somewhat
later, refused permission to read lectures on history
after the German privat docent method, a privilege
which would have been granted him in Gottingen.
Thus Bancroft's efforts to introduce an important
feature of the German university was unsuccessful,
and the future historian of his country never lent
the distinction of his name to the faculty roll of its
leading university. But the would-be reformer of
his college is nevertheless entitled to a place in the
history of American education. "With Dr. Joseph
Green Cogswell, also the holder of a degree from
Gottingen, he founded in 1823, at Northampton,
Mass., the famous Round Hill School which was
largely based upon German ideas.
After the way had been pointed out, the aspiring
young scholars of America began to realize that
"homekeeping youths have ever homely wits," and
to follow those pioneers in ever-increasing numbers.
It is a noticeable fact that Gottingen was the shrine
of most of those early pilgrimages. For the year
1829 the Book of the American Colony (an organiza-
tion which still exists) shows the name of Longfellow
followed under the rubric of " Faculty" by " SchOne-
wissenschaft," an excellent term for the refined
learning of Ticknor's successor at Harvard. Other
distinguished names on the colony's roll-book are
Emerson and Motley. It was at Gottingen that Motley
formed his famous friendship with Bismarck. Like
his predecessors, he had already finished his college
course at home, which fact, however, had not made
him too serious-minded for the peculiar pleasures of
a German fighting corps. After his death, the Iron
Chancellor, in a letter to Dr. Holmes, wrote of his
old corpsbruder that he studied more than most
corps members; also that he attempted original
German poems and had planned a translation of
Goethe's "Faust." In an account of those early
Americans at Gottingen, mention should also be
made of F. H. Hedge, whom Dr. Harris has called
"the great German scholar thoroughly equipped and
fully possessed of the German spirit, the German
fountain among the Transcendentalists."
The reader may ask why these first Americans
chose the German universities instead of Oxford and
Cambridge. One would suppose, without further
thought, that Oxford "with her dreaming spires"
would have been the intellectual Mecca of such men
as Ticknor and Longfellow. The explanation is
not far to seek: the English universities have never
treated foreign students with liberality; nor did their
peculiar character at the time in question permit of
that universality of learning which Madame de Stael
emphasized as characteristic of the universities of
Germany. "Their teaching begins," she wrote,
"where that of most other nations ends." To
trace the full significance and influence of the
ideas brought back from Germany by these first
Americans who went there for study will be an
important duty of the future historian of American
culture.
Ellen C. Hinsdale.


1910.]
189
THE
DIAL
CASUAL COMMENT.
The annual reports of the Carnegie Foun-
dation have within a short time come to be looked
forward to as important expressions of opinion upon
current problems of higher education. The report
for 1909 is no exception to this rule, and brings
some very pertinent comments upon college adver-
tising, upon financial statements, upon politics in
State universities, and upon the significance of agri-
cultural education. But there is one item in the
report that is certain to command far more general
attention than any of these, and, indeed, is likely
to cause consternation in academic circles and to
arouse a decided word of protest wherever academic
interests are cherished. The Dial is able to refer
with pleasure to its strong words of commendation
of the purposes of the Foundation when the meas-
ures adopted to promote its aims were first an-
nounced ; and now, after an experience of only four
years, it regrets to see one of the two fundamental
policies, which gave to professors the right of retire-
ment after twenty-five years of service, suddenly
and unexpectedly withdrawn. The withdrawal is
unaccompanied by word of regret, or even of excuse
for its immediate execution. Retirements under
this clause are in the future to be limited to cases of
disability; and it is set forth that because only a
small proportion of those who have in three or four
years availed themselves of this privilege did so by
reason of disability, the result is widely different
from what was anticipated. Yet there is nothing
in the original regulations which suggests disability
as a prime cause for retirement. Indeed, the whole
Bet of reasons given to support the decision seem so
slight as to suggest the presence of a far more
decisive factor in the probable inadequacy of the
funds. Now it is a most dangerous policy in uni-
versity administration to give one set of reasons,
when in reality the situation is urgent, in terms of
a very different set. The old injunction to hold
separate that which is Caesar's and that which has
higher responsibilities, is not out of place here. It
must be evident that an announcement that pro-
fessors may look forward to retiring upon either
one of two bases which they may personally prefer,
is equivalent to a promise; and that in view of such
a promise, the lives and activities of a small but
worthy part of influential communities will be pro-
foundly affected. A number of protests against the
proposed change have already appeared, and all
point to the conclusion that the only way for the
Foundation to restore confidence in its policies is to
postpone the execution of this decision until it is
made financially necessary. It is particularly im-
portant that the present obligation which the Foun-
dation has accepted in regard to those men who in
five or ten years would look forward to shaping
their careers with reference to the use of this privi-
lege, shall not be evaded. It is certainly a most
regrettable situation that an institution which was
distinctly created to advance the cause of learning
and make more favorable the conditions under
which the academic life in this country is followed
should so early in its career have aroused a situation
the more aggravating because of a benefit conferred
and withdrawn. It is inevitable that such a situa-
tion will draw forth, and above all from the friends
of the Foundation, a most earnest protest for a
reconsideration of this unfortunate decision.
The rain returning after the cloud might
be a paraphrase from Scripture to describe the
process by which great reservoirs of wealth —
accumulated by an alchemy scarcely less subtle
and mysterious than that by which moisture from
the earth is sucked up into elouds — when over-
charged yield back their treasures to the source
whence they came. How much of credit is due
to the clouds that "bring fresh showers for the
thirsting flowers " by discharging moisture they can
no longer hold, and how much to the owners of
the wealth restored, is a matter less vital than the
fact of restoration. Considerations of practical wis-
dom, if nothing more, dictate full recognition of
acts tending toward public good. For such acts,
two men in America have long been preeminent;
and now one of them, Mr. Rockefeller, has opened
wider still the gates of his seemingly inexhaustible
reservoir for purposes of beneficence that might
almost be described as the general amelioration of
mankind. A bill incorporating "The Rockefeller
Foundation," a sort of friendly rival to the Carnegie
Foundation, has been introduced in Congress and
referred to the Senate District Committee. In the
words of the document, the object in view is "to
promote the well-being and to advance the civiliza-
tion of the people of the United States and its
Territories and possessions, and of foreign lands,
in the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge,
in the prevention and relief of suffering, and in the
promotion of any and all the elements of human
progress.". The reported intention of Mr. Rocke-
feller to give away most of his wealth in his lifetime
seems in a fair way to be carried out. If it is his
ambition to die a poor man, while most of the rest
of us are foolishly nursing the contrary aspiration,
the cause of learning and enlightenment, of progress
and of charity, appears likely to profit materially
thereby.
The end of a famous journalistic dynasty
which comprised four generations and dated from
1788, has come at last in the death of Arthur
Fraser Walter, great-grandson of the John Walter
who founded the London "Times," and himself
since 1894 either chief proprietor, or more recently
chairman of the board of directors to which the
management of the paper had passed after Mr.
Alfred Harmsworth (now Lord Northcliffe) had pur-
chased a controlling interest. It was in Arthur's
father's time that the tide of fortune turned against
the "Thunderer" as a result of its ill-judged pub-


190
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
lication of the so-called Parnell letters or Piggott
forgeries—a performance that is said to have cost
John Walter nearly a million pounds. The tale
since then of chancery proceedings, of various alien
enterprises essayed by the journal (notably the
"Times Book Club" and the "Encyclopaedia Brit-
annica" reprint), and of other indications of a loss
of solidity and prestige, must have been not exactly
a joyous one to the late Mr. Walter. "The Times"
without its Walter will seem to many of its old sub-
scribers and readers quite a different paper. How
softened is now its thunder as compared with its
earth-shaking note in the days of J. T. Delane —
Jupiter Tonans Delane, as he might be called.
• • •
The making of poets and dramatists is now
a part of the programme of the fully equipped uni-
versity. A "course in writing poetry" is offered,
if reports are true, at the Missouri State University;
and at Harvard the art of the playwright has for
some years figured among the things taught in the
classroom. "The Technique of the Drama. Lec-
tures and Practice. . . . Three plays are required
of each student: an adaptation in one act; an origi-
nal one-act play; and a play of at least three acts."
This is to-day a course in good and regular standing
in the college on the Charles, under Professor
George P. Baker's competent direction; and the
number of recent Harvard graduates who have
achieved greater or less distinction in the writing of
plays, whether for the stage or the closet, seems to
indicate that at least encouragement and wise coun-
sel are to be had from the professor of the dramatic
art — who may himself never have written an acting
play in his life. The endeavor is now being made
to endow a professorship of dramatic literature at
Harvard, and to raise money for the building of a
suitable theatre for the use of the Harvard Dramatic
Association. ...
The restoration of Homer to his old-time
throne on the very peak of Parnassus, whence
Wolf and later disbelievers in any such man as
Homer had hurled him down as an empty impostor,
a mere name and nothing more, has been at least
partially effected by a little pamphlet in which Pro-
fessor John A. Scott of Northwestern University
adduces proof to show that the disputed ninth,
tenth, twenty-third, and twenty-fourth books of the
Iliad contain no more peculiar or suspiciously recent
terms than do the other books. This scholarly
attempt to give us back our blind bard is appre-
ciatively welcomed by no less a Grecian and
Homeric scholar than Mr. Andrew Lang, who con-
tributes to the London "Morning Post" a com-
mendatory and interesting column on the general
subject of Mr. Scott's pamphlet, and adds in closing:
"Meanwhile, an English scholar, Miss Stawell, of
Newnham College, has done for the comparative
grammar and metre of the Iliad and Odyssey what
Mr. Scott has done for the vocabulary, with the
same results, in her 'Homer and the Iliad.' Thus
the higher criticism may be said to have collapsed."
The Southern Library Training School,
established five years ago by Mr. Carnegie, and
since 1907 known as the Library Training School
of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta, issues a small
and business-like "Circular of Information," from
which we learn that it now enjoys a permanent
income of four thousand five hundred dollars —
thanks to its founder — and has a Faculty of seven,
all women. Its course covers three terms, extend-
ing from late September to the end of May, and
amounting to 464 hours of classroom work. The
subjects taught are grouped under seven general
heads, and seem well selected to cover the essentials
of library science. The school cannot, of course,
expect to turn out in one year a ready-made Panizzi
or Poole or Putnam; but there appears no reason
why the young person who has it in him or her to
become a librarian should not get a fair start at the
Atlanta school. The moderateness of the expense
involved is an attractive feature of the course.
There is still in the South abundant room for library
training schools, as there is also for libraries.
...
The persistence of poetry, despite the insig-
nificance of the material reward offered to even the
most successful of poets, is a thing which may make
the aspiring poet take heart again. The amount of
verse, and good verse, now being published in En-
gland is by no means small; and the amount seek-
ing publication is many times larger. Mr. Stephen
Gwynn, writing in the "Nineteenth Century," com-
pares the present age with the period immediately
succeeding Shakespeare's death; both alike showing
a great variety of genuine and delightful poetry. He
makes a study of two recent poets, Messrs. James
Stephens and W. H. Davies, and maintains that good
verse, however limited its sale, has a far better chance
of being remembered—of achieving immortality, we
might say—than any prose writing of corresponding
excellence. The novel, the book of essays, the his-
tory, the biography, please most at the first reading,
and seldom do they receive a second; but the poem
gives increasing pleasure the oftener it is read.
...
"Making culture hum" with the humming
wheels of industry seems to be a matter of keen
concern in the educational world just now, if we
may judge from the advertisements of not a few
academies and colleges and even universities. In
his current report, President Pritchett of the Car-
negie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
animadverts upon certain features of college adver-
tising. The transgression of the bounds of aca-
demic propriety, and even of common decency, in
the effort to draw students, is much deplored.
Among certain more or less astonishing or amusing
devices noted by Dr. Pritchett as resorted to by
some of our enterprising institutions of learning, we
read the following alluring offer from a Virginia
college: "To any parent who has twelve children,
ten of them living, two of them in the college at
the same time, one free literary tuition will be given;


1910.]
191
THE
DIAL
if only one is sent, one-half tuition will be given."
This combined appeal to the anti-race-suicide in-
stinct and the love of polite learning should be
tremendously effective.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
THE "BEST SELLER" AND ROMANCE.
("To the Editor of The Dial.)
Isn't the contributor who writes of the "genteel
atmosphere" of the "best seller" a little too hard on
the reading public? Is it the gentility of high life that
they crave, or the romance? And surely the craving
for romance is a legitimate emotion, and the greatest
art, as well as the most flagrant artifice, satisfies it.
For my part, I don't believe it is because we are such
snobs that we like to read about princes and heiresses,
motor-cars, European tours, Worth gowns, and expen-
sive cafe's; it is because we are romantic. We can't, in
this matter-of-fact age, thoroughly believe in fairies,
Alladin's lamp, white magic, and all the other pleasant
possibilities that in the "good old days" used to alle-
viate the unendurable commonplaceness of humdrum
* existence. But one magic power is still left us — money.
We see it — we who have n't it — oiling the wheels to
wonderful speed and efficiency.
"Life's a gift scarce worth receiving
And we hae rauckle care andgrievin';
But, oiled by thee.
The wheels o' life gang down-hill, scrievin'
Wi' rattlin' glee."
Money brings mountains to Mahomet or Mahomet to
the mountains, according as Mahomet decrees; trans-
forms ugliness to beauty, dullness to piquant adventure.
We know, in our sober senses, that this modem magic
has its limitations — that there are many things it can't
give its fortunate possessors; but we would like to try,
for once in a way, what it could do for us, with our
talents, our ingenuity, our zest for the joy of living.
Of course that is the real magic, ancient or modern,
— zest for the joy of living; but it would be too much
to expect of the average man that he should find it out,
or even believe it; money-magic appeals to his material
mind. And so, while craving for romance remains a
leading motive in the doings of this work-a-day world,
the beggar-maid cannot get into the "best seller " —
unless she marries the King. The realist may depict
the weary round of petty tasks with wonderful adroit-
ness and discrimination; he will never write a "best
seller." So I consider the "genteel atmosphere" too
Philistine an expression. I should state the formula
of the " best seller" thus: a presentation of people like
ourselves, doing what we want to do, in places where
we want to be, — and that, for most of us, unanalytic
and little experienced in the ironies of life, means in
places where the modern magic doth much abound, not
because it is "genteel" to be rich, but because it is,
as we thoughtlessly suppose, delightfully, unbelievably
romantic. Margaret Vance.
Oak Park, M., March 4, 1910.
THE USE OF THE "PRINTER'S CATCHWORD."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
The typographical perplexity set forth by a corre-
spondent in your last issue has doubtless been experienced
by mauy other readers of books of poetry. Would not
a simple way out of the difficulty be the adoption, in
cases such as those to which he refers, of the old habit
of printing the "catchword " at the foot of the page ?—
i.e., print the first word of the line which begins on the
next page, thus:
The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,
And
Charles Welsh.
Winthrop, Mass., March 7,1910.
[Apparently Mr. Welsh does not quite apprehend
the difficulty pointed out by our previous correspond-
ent, who complained that in reading books of
poetry he often was perplexed by the absence of any-
thing at the bottom of a page to indicate at a glance
whether the last line completed a stanza, or the stanza
was divided at that point and carried over to the next
page. This applies particularly, of course, to stanzas
of different lengths, and when the last line on a page
ends with a period. We do not see that the catch-
word would help the matter in the example given,
the comma and the single line being sufficient indica-
tion of a divided stanza. Nor would Mr. House's
suggestion of a blank line at the bottom of a page and
another at the top of the following one be practically
effective. The confusion arises, of course, from the
fact that usage gives no other means of dividing
stanzas than their separation by much more blank
space than that used between other lines in the same
book. Unless dashes or dots, or other mechanical
signs, are used to separate stanzas, the evil will have
to be endured; although it is one that affects, whether
they understand it or not, all careful readers of
poetry. — Edr. The Dial.]
ORIGIN OF A STOCK PHRASE.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I wish someone could inform me what he believes to
be the origin of that lugubrious stock phrase," in the
cold and silent grave." Does it belong to some frater-
nity ritual, some early dirge or hymn, some novel or
history, — or what? It certainly is not of the Bible,
nor of Bryant's "Thanatopsis." Yet it has the sound
of a threadbare adage, worn out of gentle usage, but
of some original pretensions. Can anyone tell?
S. T. Kidder.
McGregor, Iowa, March 5, 1910.
[We should regard the phrase as the property of
anyone who cared to use it, — one of those obvious
collocations like " a cold, dreary day in November,"
"a mild, balmy spring day," "the bustling, noisy
city," with no known origin except the dictionary.
Turning the words over in one's mind, they do take
on, as our correspondent says, "the sound of a
threadbare adage." Did not Curran, in his court-
room speech, say to his judges, "My lamp of life
is nearly extinguished; I am going to the cold and
silent grave"? Yet he did not need to have taken
the words from Sir Walter Raleigh, who, in lines
written on the night before his death, spoke of
"the dark and silent grave." And the words have
doubtless been used innumerable times by others,
who never knew of their use by Curran or by
Raleigh.—Edr. The Dial.]


192
[March 16,
THE
DIAL,
ftfrt leto gooks.
A Traveller en the Forbidden Laxd.*
The source of the Indus has for centuries
lain hidden in the mountain fastnesses of the
great central plateau of Asia, as secure from the
contaminating gaze of the European explorer
as is still Dangra-yum-tso, the sacred lake of
the Tibetans. But the head-waters of the Indus,
the Brahmaputra, and the Sutlej have at last
been mapped by the dreaded foreigner, though
the intrepid Sven Hedin still finds every ap-
proach to the lake of holy waters barred by
armed horsemen.
Travelling in Tibet evidently lacks the com-
forts of home, and offers no substitutes save
the satisfaction of leaving on the map of Asia
the record of a massive range of mountains
happily christened the "Trans-Himalaya," of
completing the survey of the head-waters of
three great rivers of the continent, and of filling
in the geographic details of certain bands across
that great white place on the map which for-
merly bore only the laconic label" Unexplored."
It is cold in Tibet, even in summer. The
monsoon blows incessantly day and night. The
snows begin early in autumn and continue till
late in the spring. Hedin's route on the great
plateau was all of it at an altitude exceeding
12,000 feet, and often over 18,000. For two
years, through summer's blinding storms and
winter's baffling snows, he pushed doggedly on,
wearing out caravan after caravan of horses,
mules, yaks, even goats and sheep, in a grim
battle with the forces of nature, crossing and
re-crossing eight different passes of the Trans-
Himalaya range. The reader is compelled by
the modesty of the writer to re-read the simple
account of his mid-winter battle with the ele-
ments in the desert and desolate Karokorum
Mountains, in order to appreciate fully the
magnitude of the task and the success of its
accomplishment. Obliged by the secret nature
of his enterprise to discard most of the appur-
tenances of the civilization to which he had
bidden farewell a year before, accompanied by
a mere handful of ignorant but faithful Lada-
kis, without guides in a trackless wilderness of
snowclad peaks, he brought the remnant of his
little caravan through by sheer force of leader-
• Trans-Himalaya: Discoveries and Adventures
in Tibet. By Sven Hedin. In two volumes. With 388
illustrations from photographs, water-colour sketches, and
drawings, by the author; and ten maps. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
ship. Conditions of temperature, altitude, and
storm tested the powers of human endurance
almost as severely as in polar explorations.
The courage with which Hedin attempted to
penetrate these unknown mountain fastnesses
in the dead of winter at altitudes towering far
above Alpine summits is not less than sublime.
He has made Trans-Himalayan the superlative
of Alpine in the vocabulary of mountaineering.
The desert is swept by blinding dust and sand
storms; water is scanty and found with diffi-
culty, and then all too often bitter or salt.
Nomads' trails are followed at one's peril, while
fuel and fodder are scarce; for Tibet is much
of it a treeless desert.
There is no playing to the galleries in Hedin's
portrayal of the thrilling parts of his narrative.
A touch of rhetorical effect is reserved for the
sentimental treatment which he gives to the loss
of his faithful beasts of burden or to the various
and sundry litters of puppies added to his cara-
van, for the reflections on the lives of the self-
immured lamas, or for the gruesome details of
the revolting customs which the Tibetans use in
the disposal of their dead. The narrative of his
travels is detailed and encyclopaedic. He sees
Tibet through a geographer's eyes, and describes
it with geographical completeness. No particu-
lar of elevation, orographic structure, or rate of
flow of stream, no configuration of distant moun-
tain range, escapes his nimble recording pencil.
He fairly revels in geographic detail; the hur-
ried or casual reader can hardly see Tibet for
the landscape. It is but fair to characterize the
book as one of exploration rather than travel, of
information rather than mere entertainment.
The pages afford abundant and carefully re-
corded data regarding the country and people
along the routes, enlivened continually by the
minor details of human interest, by the minutiae
of caravan life, of his horses, yaks, and dogs,
and even of his sheep, which often served as
refractory beasts of burden when horses and
yaks failed. One soon comes to know the mem-
bers of his caravan, — the intelligent Robert
from the mission station at Srinagar, the only
Eurasian in his following; the efficient Muhamed
Isa, his caravan bashi; and crafty Panchor, the
grafting guide, friend of all the nomad robbers.
His followers, in spite of the perils into which
he led them, and great physical discomforts to
which they were subjected, gave him yeoman
service, and parted from him with tears and
lamentations.
Mountain chains, swift icy rivers, trackless
wind-swept salty deserts, deep snow, and shortage


1910.]
193
THE DIAL
of fuel and water, were not the only obstacles
Hedin had to overcome. Tibet was closed to all
foreigners, by formal agreement of four nations
noted for their astute diplomacy—Tibet, China,
Great Britain, and Russia. All appeals to the
Liberal Government in England for permission
to enter the forbidden land by way of India met
with courteous but firm refusal. Baffled at
Simla in his efforts to enter from the south, he
plunged into Kashmir and entered Tibet from
the northwest, reaching Shigatse, one hundred
and fifty miles from Lhasa, through the sparsely-
peopled country of the nomad tribes, before the
Tibetan authorities stopped him and firmly com-
pelled him to leave the country. A diplomatic
battle-royal ensued, in which the explorer's
"religious scruples" against returning by the
route by which he entered stood him in good
stead ; for Tibetans are the most religious people
in the world, andgave his geographical conscience
its just dues in so far that they permitted him to
zigzag his way back to the Kashmir frontier along
a formerly explored route. A new agreement of
Great Britain and Russia, in which China was
requested to concur, expressly forbade for a
period of three years all scientific expeditions
into Tibet. This rendered doubly difficult all
attempts to creep back into the forbidden land.
The author says:
"The country of Tibet will doubtless in the future
be closed as strictly as hitherto; for the supremacy oyer
Tibet is a political question of the first importance to
China, not only because Tibet is, as it were, a huge fortress
with ramparts, walls, and ditches, protecting China, but
also on account of the great spiritual iufluence which
the two popes exercise over all Mongolians. As long as
China has the Dalai Lama in its power, it can keep the
Mongols in check; while in other circumstances the
Dalai Lama could stir them up to insurrection against
China. And Mongolia is also the buffer-state between
China and Russia."
A new caravan was, however, secretly equipped
in Kashmir which, starting ostensibly northward,
plunged again in mid-winter into Western Tibet
through the uninhabited wastes of Kuen-Lun,
only to be stopped again after crossing once more
the Trans-Himalayan range, and ordered post-
haste from the land. Once more " religious"
scruples and clever diplomacy won for Hedin the
privilege of a circuitous route outward, and made
possible a number of important additions to the
maps of Tibet.
The two bulky volumes of the present work
do not afford opportunity for the full story of
the return trip and the difficult traverse of the
Himalayas by a new route. This, with an
account of Tibetan monasteries, and of the trip
through Japan, Korea, and Manchuria, is prom-
ised in a later work ; while the youthful appetite
for adventure is to be supplied by a selection of
thrilling Tibetan experiences.
The illustrations of the work are exceptionally
fine and very abundant. The author's sketches
are confessedly not works of art, but they give
a vivid impression of the atmospheric color-
effects in this great plateau, and of scenes in the
great monastery of Shigatse, while also enliven-
ing and enlarging the reader's appreciation of
places, peoples, and incidents. Few books of
exploration contain so much information so well
told as these volumes of Hedin's about the For-
bidden Land. Chakles Atwood Kofoid.
Our Diplomatic Dealings with Spain.*
The war with Spain, which resulted in the
transfer of Porto Rico and the Philippines to
the United States and in the establishment of
substantial American control over Cuba, has
already formed the topic of a large literature.
Of this literature, much, as might be expected
where the matter deals with events so close at
hand, is partisan ; much is incomplete ; and still
more lacks the higher intellectual authority
and judgment which come from the larger view
possible only where events are placed in their
true perspective with reference to others by
being viewed down a vista of years. Admiral
Chadwick's volume on the diplomatic relations
of the United States and Spain is an acceptable
and valuable contribution to the growing body
of material dealing with the Spanish war, and
it has the additional merit (as the title intimates)
of presenting a study of our recent relations
with Spain simply as the latest steps in a long
series of negotiations extending back to " diffi-
culties which had their seed in the peace of
1763." The book has thus a broad historical
quality which marks it out as more than a con-
tribution to contemporary politics, although of
its 610 pages about a third are devoted to the
years 1895-1898.
Admiral Chadwick, after a general introduc-
tion, begins with a chapter on the attitude of
Spain in the American Revolution, and follows
this with a discussion of the treaty of 1795
which came as a result of the intrigue and dis-
content in Louisiana. The question of Florida,
the negotiations of 1804-5, and the collateral
historical events, are carefully covered. Later,
* The Relations of the United States and Spain:
Diplomacy. By French Ensor Chadwick, Rear Admiral
U. S. Navy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


194
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
the author turns to our proposed alliance with
Great Britain, which gave place to trafficking
with France. Napoleon's invasion of Spain and
its effect in this country, the relations of Great
Britain and Spain, Spanish land-grants, and the
position of the United States regarding these
questions and the South American situation,
carry Admiral Chadwick to the end of his eighth
chapter. His ninth section is an interesting
discussion of the Holy Alliance, Canning's posi-
tion on American affairs, and the Congress of
Verona. This leads by natural stages to the
development of the Monroe Doctrine and the
origin of the Panama Congress. Our attitude
toward slavery and the Cuban question, and our
assurances to Spain in 1840 and the following
years, are then dealt with. Admiral Chadwick
gives substantial attention to Cuban affairs, and
continues with a valuable discussion of the rela-
tions of Cuba and the United States during the
decade 1850-1860, which brings his history to
the opening of the Civil War, and closes his
thirteenth chapter. The author recognizes the
important bearing which our abolition of slavery
had upon the Cuban question, and this recogni-
tion shows itself throughout his subsequent dis-
cussion of our dealings with Spain. He reviews
with care and detail President Grant's Cuban
views, the position of Secretary Fish, and the
events which ultimately led to the disturbances
in Cuba and to our forcible interference. In
all these matters the great merit of Admiral
Chadwick's book is seen in his reliance upon
state papers and direct historical sources; while
the main criticism on his use of material must
be that he has apparently employed but little
Spanish documentary information.
The chief immediate interest in this study of
our relations with Spain will, however, lie largely
in Admiral Chadwick's later chapters in which
he deals with the events subsequent to 1895.
Here he has considered at length the attitude of
the Cleveland administration toward the Cuban
question and the Spanish government generally,
the policy of Secretary Olney, Spain's lack of un-
derstanding of the feeling in the United States,
the position assumed by President McKinley,
the condition of the Cuban people, General
Weyler, his policy and his final recall, the
regime established by Consul General Lee in
Cuba and his relations with the military authori-
ties there, the destruction of the Maine, the find-
ings of the court of inquiry thereon, conditions
at Madrid, and the opening of the war. It is
one of the most interesting features of this part
of the work, that Admiral Chadwick concedes
fully and frankly that Spain had by the begin-
ning of April, before the final break which led
to war, practically accepted American demands
with regard to Cuba, in full. Much of the mat-
ter in this portion of the volume is, in fact, a
transcript of documentary matter carefully
selected and put together. He regards the war
as "the final act in the struggle for supremacy
between Anglo-Saxons and men of the Latin race
in North America, in which Philip, Elizabeth,
Drake, Howard, Chatham, Vernon, Wolf, Mont-
calm, Washington, all had a part. The expedi-
tion of the Great Armada, the murderous early
struggles in Carolina and Florida, the seven
years' war which drove France from the Amer-
can continent, were but acts in the drama the
culmination of which, in 1898, left the Anglo-
Saxon and the American in Mexico masters of
the whole of the northern continent. It was the
end of a race struggle which had lasted full three
hundred years."
Admiral Chadwick's book will be a valuable
compendium of diplomatic information relative
to relations with Spain from Colonial days down
to the present. Its expressions of opinion are, as
far as they relate to recent history, sufficiently
few and sufficiently dispassionate. Although
the writer's sympathies are plainly evident, they
are nowhere unduly thrust forward or presented
in a biased way. Indeed, at times one wishes
there had been less citation of papers and more
critical analysis; but this error, if it be such, is on
the side of safety, and will not be objected to by
the student. It is probably true that an examina-
tion of Spanish archives, and the publication of
such matter relative to recent events as is neces-
sarily to be expected at a later date, will supply
information upon certain matters which Admiral
Chadwick has been compelled to deal with in a
relatively incomplete way. For the present, he
has performed an extremely useful service in
giving to the public this extensive historical
review of our relations with that nation which
first opened the American continent to civiliza-
tion and development. H. Parker Willis.
A literary FRAUD of an uncommonly cold-blooded
kind is announced from Paris, in connection with the
Empress Eugenie. In anticipation of the death of this
aged woman, some unscrupulous publishers are said to
have concocted a volume of pretended memoirs, to be
foisted upon the market as soon as she departs this life.
The nefarious scheme is exposed and vigorously de-
nounced by M. Jules Clare1 tie, who says: "I have been
solemnly assured that the Empress, who has chosen to
keep silent with regard to the events of the past, has
not written a single line of these 'Memoirs' that are to
be attributed to her."


1910.]
195
THE DIAL
The Prophet of Modern Music*
In the year 1685 there were born in Germany
two men whose future task it was to lay the
foundation of the art which is distinctively that
of modern times. Sculpture is Greek, architec-
ture is ancient and mediaeval, painting belongs
to the Renaissance, poetry is universal and free
from time limitations; but music has reached
its development in the last two centuries. The
remarkable men referred to were Bach and
Handel. Born in the same year, they also took
their flight from earth in the same decade. The
one came of a long musical ancestry, the other
relied upon his own inborn genius. They were
engaged upon the same great task; they were
actuated by similar motives and purposes; they
made a noble contribution to the happiness and
elevation of mankind.
They united in themselves the best attain-
ments of their predecessors, and they made con-
quests that were impossible to earlier men.
Music had been decisively developing in its
elements and resources. The forms of the com-
position, the perfection of the instruments, the
upbuilding of structures vast and impressive,
solicited the attention and determined the ener-
gies of the followers of the art. Bach and Handel
came as the leaders and chief exponents of an
art that had a numerous body of votaries. The
instrument that was making extraordinary ad-
vances was the organ; the song that was chal-
lenging the composer for its richer development
was the religious choral; the orchestra in its
independence was making an appeal quite irre-
sistible; the opera had found a congenial climate
in Italy, and the Germans were eager and active
in its introduction into their more serious land.
There were remarkable executants and writers —
Frescobaldi, with his novel and brilliant audaci-
ties; Pachelbel, possessing the Teutonic thorough-
ness; and, greatest of all, Buxtehude, exercising
a powerful influence on his students and followers.
The young John Sebastian Bach responded
ardently to these stimulating demands, and felt
able to bring to successful conclusion what the
others were not yet ready to accomplish. He
found himself the centre of a large and splendid
activity, and his place was first among those who
did the most and carried the art of music farthest
on its way.
He was born at Eisenach, in Germany, and
came of a family of musicians. For generations
* Johann Sebastian Bach. The Story of the Develop-
ment of a Great Personality. By C. Hubert H. Parry. New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
the Bachs had been devoted to the art, and num-
bered many notable men among their kindred.
Their gifts all descended to the great man who
made them partakers of his fame—who concen-
trated in himself all the tendencies of his time,
and was the genuine forerunner and progenitor
of that achievement in music which places it side
by side with the highest artistic attainments of
the world. Bach lost both parents while he was
very young, and went to live with an older
brother, John Christoph, who was a musician
of some eminence, and who held an appoint-
ment as organist in Ohrdruff, a village not far
from Eisenach. Of this period in his life Sir
Hubert Parry says:
"In such a home new influences inevitably began to
operate. Without laying undue stress on the difference
between the art of a town musician and that of a musi-
cian attached to a church establishment, it cannot be
gainsaid that the regular, quiet, orderly, and sober
existence of an organist of a church, the peculiar artis-
tic atmosphere, and the kind of work which falls to his
lot to do, are liable to exert a great and lasting influence
upon the unfolding mind of a young musician. The
better part of such influence is sobering. It leads to
the concentration of the faculties upon the actual facts
of art and to finding pleasure and reward in them
rather than in the applause which brilliant individual
achievement, either as performer or composer, may
evoke. And under this influence it is easy to see that
the character of the young musician soon received a
permanent bent."
The education of the youth was carefully
attended to, but at best it was not anything
that we should nowadays regard as adequate.
He was a pupil of Pachelbel's, and during his
earlier life he made a number of expeditions to
study with certain leading men, notably Bohm
and Buxtehude, and with the latter he remained
so long over his leave of absence that he was in
danger of losing the post which he then held.
Like Shakespeare and Beethoven, his chief edu-
cation came from his independent using and
bringing to perfection of the great powers with
which he found himself endowed, as soon as he
arrived at self-consciousness. He was thrown
upon his own resources early; at the age of
fifteen he held a position in the convent school
of St. Michael's at Liineberg, for which he
received an insignificant stipend. He had sub-
sequent appointments at Arnstadt, at Weimar,
at Cothen, and at last went to Leipsic and was
made cantor of the St. Thomas School, a place
which he held until his death in 1750. He
was also organist of the two leading churches
in Leipsic. He was twice married, and left a
large number of children, some of whom attained
considerable musical distinction. He was a man


196
[March 16,
THE DIAL
of sturdy independence of character, serious and
deeply religious; he was honored at his death,
but his full recognition was left to men and
times that succeeded him.
The period of Bach's novitiate closed with
his call to Weimar in 1708. He had attained
his Meisterschafl, and now began the mature
period of his splendor as a composer. He was
an indefatigable worker; his creative power
came from an apparently inexhaustible source,
and his productions — cantatas, motets, tocca-
tas, fugues, passion music, masses — proceeded
in a never-ending stream. His life broadened
and deepened at Weimar; he came in contact
with the reigning Duke, he found himself in
association with men of his own type and tem-
perament. Moreover, the Protestantism there
was of the Orthodox rather than the Pietist
kind. As the present biographer says: "He
(the Duke of Weimar) belonged to the group
which was distinguished technically as being
orthodox, among whose objects it was to main-
tain the ancient musical traditions of the
Church, as distinguished from the Pietists, to
whom anything in the shape of artistic accesso-
ries and appeals to the poetic imagination was
abhorrent. So in this respect John Sebastian
was sure of a field to exercise his powers."
During the Weimar period Bach sounded the
heights and depths of the cantata. He unfolded
this form as no man before him had done, and
he fashioned a unity of chorals which practically
brought into the world a new work of art.
Some of his greatest achievements belong to this
time. Toccatas and fugues and fantasies of
astonishing amplitude gave evidence of his mas-
tery. He had become conscious of his art and
its infinite resources.
Sir Hubert Parry finds it somewhat difficult
to assign a reason for Bach's willingness to
leave Weimar, where so much had been to his
mind, and where such successes had been won.
The reasons were probably more subjective than
would strike the simple on-looker. At Cothen
a new field of his art allured him. The organ
should not exclusively call him devotee; the
larger opportunities of the orchestra were open-
ing to him. Composers before him and around
him, in Italy and in Germany, — Corelli, Scar-
latti, Reinken, — were bringing into play the
special characteristics and resources of the vari-
ous instruments, and, as our author says:
"Bach's energy in exploring the possibilities of secu-
lar instrumental music during the time when he was at
Cothen seems to have been all-embracing. His oppor-
tunities of hearing such music were plentiful, and there
being no special inducements to write choral music on a
grand scale, his mind was more free to address itself to
various forms of this large branch of art."
So we get his concertos and suites for different
instruments, his overtures, his sonatas, accom-
panied or unaccompanied, for the violin, and
his epoch-making "Wohltemperirtes Clavier."
The next step will of course be to put all these
musical resources together. But before that
occurs, there is another migration, the last, to a
larger field of labor. He takes up his sojourn
in Leipsic, where he remains until his death.
He succeeded Kuhnau, a versatile and distin-
guished musician, as cantor of the Thomas
Schule, a foundation under the control of the
City Council. He now returns to the produc-
tion of cantatas, but with the largeness and mas-
tery that came from full maturity of power, and
the high consciousness thereof. He also attains
the recognition of the universality of the musical
forms, and, although a consistent Protestant,
pours his religious ardor into the moulds fur-
nished by the Church Catholic. To this period
belong the chief successes of his career, the
imposing Magnificat, the Mass in B minor to
which no epithet except incomparable is applica-
ble, and the wonderful Matthew Passion Music.
With these are to be grouped the Fugue in B
minor, the grand Toccata in F, and the Fantasia
in G minor. His work draws to a close, and his
end is only another example of the ingratitude
of an unthinking generation, and the failure of
those near the benefactor to take him for what
he is.
Bach belongs with the great upbuilders of
music ; it was his to give consistent form to the
masses of material long accumulating, to seize
upon the characteristics of instrument after
instrument and find for each its place in the
great whole, to show what could be done with
the concerto, the sonata, the mass, and to bring
them into that perfection of form which could
alone lead to their setting forth their complete
significance. With Palestrina as his genuine
predecessor, and Handel as his compeer and co-
adjutor, he made of music a vehicle of expression
not to be surpassed. He was both the consum-
mation of what preceded him and the prophet
of what was to come. No art had taken so long
a time to ripen and mature as Music. He was
the chosen instrumentality to bring its elements
together. Of his musical accomplishment, Sir
Hubert Parry says:
"For over one hundred and fifty years since Bach's
death composers have been constantly endeavoring to
enhance their artistic resources; and yet with all their
devoted and unsparing efforts they do not appear to


1910.]
197
THE DIAL
have got much beyond the standard of his achievements.
In some respects indeed they seem like people who
have turned aside from a path which appeared rather
too arduous and have gone a long way round, only to
find themselves after a long climb at much the same
place as they started from."
The opera was in full blast with Reiser in
the neighboring town of Hamburg, and Bach
visited there; he also met the composer Hasse,
at Dresden. He was not allured, however, into
any efforts in the direction which these men had
taken. His great contemporary, Handel, spent
years in the production of operas, but at last
abandoned them for the serious work of his
life. The music of Italy had some attraction
for Bach; the charm and fluency of its melody
held him with its fascination, as they must hold
everyone; but he wove the lighter strands suc-
cessfully into his stronger texture, and gave
them such use and privilege as conduced to the
fulfilment of his more strenuous aims. Poly-
phony, of which he was the great master, has
found a triumphant re-birth in Beethoven,
Wagner, Strauss.
After Bach's death, the world gave him small
attention ; his manuscripts were divided among
his sons, and posterity was in danger of losing
them. Fortunately, the younger son, Philipp
Emanual, took care of his portion, — the elder
son, Friedmann, being dissipated and disposing
of the precious works at his need and caprice,
thus causing an irreparable loss. For a time
Bach was in an eclipse; but he was sure to
come into his own. The resuscitation owes
much to the enthusiasm of Mendelssohn and
Schumann, Franz and Wagner; to-day and for
all time he stands among the dii majores in the
realm of art.
The work of Sir Hubert Parry occupies a
place in the field of English musical literature
quite its own; we have few works to compare
with it; the voluminous life by Spitta has,
indeed, been translated, but its encyclopaedic
character puts it into the domain of the special
student. The present life of Bach is both for
the student and the general reader. It is illu-
minating in its discussion of Bach's music; it
presents all aspects of the master's career fully
and with insight; it is sympathetic and highly
appreciative. The large learning of the author
has been put under contribution ; the great sub-
ject has been treated in the style and with the
reverence which it demands. It is an admirable
book. The publishers have recognized their
obligation and sent forth a fine volume with
appropriate illustrations.
Louis James Block.
Joan of Arc: An Anti-Clerical, View.*
After nearly five centuries, Jeanne d'Arc has'
been formally enrolled among the beatified. In
the minds of many devout Frenchmen she has
long held the place of a saint; but not till
recently were her partisans able to produce argu-
ments of a sufficiently convincing character to
secure favorable action at Rome. But not all
Frenchmen, it appears, regard the act of beatifi-
cation in a serious light; while good churchmen
were seeking arguments to prove that the shep-
herdess of Domremi was a worker of miracles,
a famous literary artist was also examining the
historical documents of the fifteenth century, and
was gradually developing the theory that the
strange and mysterious behavior of the Maid was
merely the result of a morbid "hallucinated"
mind acting on the fraudulent suggestions of
selfish priests.
M. Anatole France published his biography
in 1908. It encountered an immediate and
almost violent opposition. That the clerical
elements should be hostile, is not strange; more
significant is the attitude of the professional his-
torians, many of whom refused to regard the
work as anything more than an anti-clerical brief.
In the preface to the present (English) edition,
the author admits that the reviewers had "dis-
covered in this work certain errors "; but these
he tells us have been eliminated. And he adds:
"The hagiographers alone are openly hostile. They
reproach me, not with my manner of explaining the facts,
but with having explained them at alL . . . And these
zealous inquisitors, so intent on condemning my work,
have failed to discover therein any grave fault, any fla-
grant inexactness. Their severity has had to content
itself with a few inadvertences and with a few printer's
errors."
It is interesting to find that among the " hagio-
graphers " we shall have to class such writers as
the late M. Achille Luchaire, who knew medi-
aeval France as few scholars have known it; and
Mr. Andrew Lang, who refused to accept M.
France's biography as definitive, and promptly
proceeded to write another in refutation (see The
Dial, April 16,1909); and Mr. F. C. Lowell,
who once wrote an excellent biography of the
Maid,andwho characterizes the work of the great
romancer as "dangerously untrustworthy."
M. France's conception of his subject is
totally different from the conventional one. He
sees her as the rather commonplace shepherdess,
subject to mental aberrations in the form of
•The Life of Joan of Arc. By Anatole France.
Translation by Winifred Stephens. In two volumes. New
York : John Lane Co.


198
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
hallucinations. She is good and saintly, — the
author repeatedly emphasizes her saintliness,
but his conception of a mediaeval saint is such
that the term is scarcely a compliment. Jeanne's
peculiar mental state he believes to have inter-
ested the local clergy; and soon, after a little
careful coaching, the "hallucinated lass" is
transformed into a prophetess.
"Had this idea of a holy militant mission,
conceived by Jeanne through the intermediary
of her voices, come into her mind spontaneously
without the intervention of any outside will, or
had it been suggested to her by someone who
was influencing her?" In answer to this fun-
damental question, the author states that Jeanne
was acquainted with a prophecy that France
"would be ruined by a woman and saved by a
maiden"; she had also been told that the
"Maiden Redeniptress should come from the
border of Lorraine." And without further
argument or evidence, the author concludes:
"It is no longer possible to doubt that the
prophecy thus revised is the work of an eccle-
siastic whose intentions may be easily divined."
After this remarkable feat of logic, one is sur-
prised to learn that the author cannot name the
priest in question ; but one among the suffering
clergy of the Meuse valley " whose name will
never be known, raised up an angelic deliverer
for the king and the kingdom of France."
And now comes Mr. Andrew Lang with the
positive statement that "we have no evidence
that she had heard of the Merlin prophecy till
after she had announced her mission."
In speaking of the Dauphin's kingship, the
Maid stated that he should hold France as a fief
(en commande) of the King of Heaven. This
again is evidence to the author's mind of clerical
prompting. But critics reply to this that the
idea could have been gotten from sermons; it
was the current idea of the time among church-
men. At first Jeanne announces a general
mission, to save France; later, it is to deliver
Orleans. And with fine sarcasm the historian
comments in this fashion: "We cannot fail to
recognize the readiness and the tact with which
{he Voices altered their commands previously
given according to the necessities of the moment."
The same priestly influence M. France finds
at work during those six long weeks at Poitiers,
when the theologians were examining the Maid
to make sure that she was not sent by the evil
one.
"But Jeanne before the doctors at Poitiers was an
exception; she ran no risk of being suspected in mat-
ters of faith. Even Brother Pierre Turelure himself
had no desire to find in her one of those heretics he zeal-
ously sought to discover at Toulouse. In her presence
the illustrious masters drew in their theological claws.
They were churchmen, but they were Armagnacs, for
the most part business men, diplomatists, old councillors
of the Dauphin. As priests doubtless they were pos-
sessed of a certain body of dogma and morality, and of
a code of rules for judging matters of faith. But now
it was a question not of curing the disease of heresy,
but of driving out the English."
However, the farce served a purpose: it gave
time for the Maid's fame to spread throughout
the realm; it familiarized the people of France
with the thought that a miracle was to be per-
formed on behalf of the miserable Dauphin; it
filled his partisans with hope, his enemies with
fear.
Of the Maid's actual achievements, M. France
does not speak with much enthusiasm. He holds
that the situation of the besiegers of Orleans was,
if possible, worse than that of the besieged. All
that was necessary to dislodge the English was
a little confidence; and the Maid's reputed
sanctity furnished that. The author criticizes
her determination to go to Rheims rather than
against Paris; but "she did not know enough
of the configuration of the country to decide
such a question, and it is not likely that her
saints and angels knew more of geography than
she did."
At the same time, the author denies that the
Maid had any influence on the determination to
go to Rheims. It was the Archbishop of
Rheims, a "greedy, avaricious, unscrupulous"
churchman, who insisted on the journey, and
who carried the day. "Fifteen years had
passed since his elevation to the archiepiscopal
see of Rheims; and of his enormous revenue he
had not yet received one penny." Here we
have the motive. So far as foot-notes show,
this remarkable conclusion is based on no docu-
mentary evidence, and is reached in the face of
Dunois's testimony that "the Maid won all to
her determined course."
Of the great tragedy that followed the capture
of the Maid, — the sale of the prisoner to the
English, the two trials, and the execution, —
the author gives a circumstantial account of
nearly two hundred pages. For the inactivity
of King Charles and the ecclesiastics of his
party he can give no reason, unless it be that
doubts had arisen among the Armagnacs as to
the sanctity of the Maid. Two chapters, deal-
ing with various pretended Jeannes and the trial
of rehabilitation (1455), bring the narrative to
a close. Four brief appendices are added, of
which only one — a letter from Dr. G. Dumas


1910.]
199
THE
cautiously accepting the author's theory of hal-
lucination and suggestion — is of any particular
interest.
Reviewers have charged M. France with
almost every offense known to historical writ-
ing: suppressing or misinterpreting evidence,
substituting plausible theory for documentary
statements, misquoting important testimony, and
the rest. Those charges will have to be left,
however, to scholars who have an intimate
acquaintance with the field in question. But on
one point even the lay reader may have a right
to form an opinion. In all historical writing,
the attitude that the author assumes toward his
subject is of prime importance ; and in this par-
ticular case the attitude and the view-point are
readily determined. In his Introduction, M.
France tells us that he has tried to look at
events from the view-point of the century in
which Jeanne lived; and the earlier chapters
give the impression that in this he has succeeded.
But the reader soon discovers that his praise is
insincere, that his purpose in describing pecul-
iarities of fifteenth-century thought is not to
instruct but to satirize, that of sympathy for his
theme he has very little, and that he utterly fails
to appreciate the importance of Jeanne's achieve-
ments for the history of his country.
In many respects the biography is a remark-
able work. Of literary excellences it is need-
less to speak; it is written in the same elegant
style that we know from the author's romances,
though perhaps less vigorous, more controlled,
and consequently more artificial. The general
reader, as well as the student of history and of
psychology, will find the volumes entertaining,
suggestive, and thought-provoking. But it is
not likely that the world will ever accept the
picture of the young shepherdess that M. France
has painted so skilfully as a faithful portrait of
Jeanne d'Arc. Laurence M. Labson.
A timely word on the obsoleteness of war has been
written by Mr. Norman Angell, an Englishman, in a
book that he well names " Europe's Optical Illusion."
In these days of " Dreadnanghts" and much talk about
possible hostile invasions it is refreshing to chance
upon a sensible and convincing presentation of the
whole matter. So intricately interdependent, financially
and industrially, are the nations of the world to-day
that Mr. Angell pronounces war to be "intellectually
obsolete." That it is also morally unthinkable, and in
every way a most clumsy and unsatisfactory way to
adjust international differences, no enlightened person
can dispute. Warfare, whatever it was in Homer's
time, is now a thing without glamour or poetic charm,
and we are nearly all heartily ashamed of it as a glar-
ing anachronism, an ungainly survival of a ruder age.
Recent Poetry.*
An allegory of sacred and profane love is found
in " A Vision of Life," by Mr. Darrell Figgis. The
narrator suffers the temptation of St. Anthony, but
is saved by "a voice of awful import" that arouses
his higher self. Mr. Figgis is a metaphysical poet,
as we may see from this example of his shorter
pieces:
"Each hath the Type of bliss within his thought
That utters for him all his Life would be:
The summit of his soul's felicity,
The consummation wherein should be wrought
In deft attainment all his spirit bought
Awhile in fervent hope — whose roundest fee
T was good to pay. T is so; enough! For me,
Be it amiss or be it fitly sought,
This would I crave — that mine and thy full soul
May touch their mutual deep content, howe'er
Life twists its tortuous course; may still control
Their Individuality, yet fare
So subtly each on each, that as one whole
They might stretch to their goal in God's pure air."
This volume is favored by an introduction from
the pen of Mr. Chesterton, who finds in the poet a
reversion to the Elizabethan manner, and holds him
a spiritual kinsman of the late Francis Thompson.
He has "the same essential qualities of sustained
and systematic metrical style, of line linked with
line in a process requiring the reader's attention,
and remote in its very nature from the startling
simplicity of the old romantic ballad." All this may
be allowed, and, indeed, appears clearly enough in
our brief quotation. The critic goes on to say that
"if this kind of poetry prevails, people will have to
listen to it rather as they listen to good and rather
difficult music, not as they listen to scattered bril-
liancies in a speech by Mr. Bernard Shaw." Mr
Figgis is, moreover, "on the side of the angels,"
and his work offers evidence of "a certain return
to right feeling and faith in life, not as an early
dream of transcendentalism, but as an ultimate
result of experience."
The decorous and pallid verse of Mr. Hugh
*A Vision op Life. Poems by Darrell Figgis. New
York: John Lane Co.
Light among the Leaves. By Hugh Moreton Frewen.
London: David Nutt.
Lusus. By Christopher Stone. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell.
Odds and Ends. By R. Montagu Tabor. New York:
Longmans, Green, & Co.
The Rough Rider, and Other Poems. By Bliss
Carman. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
Poems. By Percy Mackaye. New York: The Mac-
millan Co.
Songs of the Open. By John Myers O'Hara. Portland,
Maine: Smith & Sale.
The Blushful South and Hippocrene. Being Songs
by Robert Loveman. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
Happy Ending. The Collected Lyrics of Louise Imogen
Guiney. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
The Guest at the Gate. By Edith M. Thomas-
Boston: Richard G. Badger.
From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems. By
Helen Huntington. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Lyrics of Life. By Florence Earle Coates. Boston
Houghton Mifflin Co.


200
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
Moreton Frewen may be fairly illustrated by the
lyric, "Love Grown Cold."
"Like a voice from the tomb that is dead,
Like the light of a star that is old,
Like a face in a dream that has long since fled
Is love grown cold;
"The thoughts which I dared not think,
The deeds that are past and done,
Returning flock by memory's brink
One by one.
"Of the days that I loved yon most,
Of the days that you loved me best,
Like the postern light of a ship at night
We are dispossessed."
A few of these pieces have African themes, and
gain a touch of color thereby. Others are religious
musings, and there is one rather pretty group of
songs about birds.
Mr. Christopher Stone publishes a little book
called "Lusus," which is a collection of brief and
pointless prose sketches with verses intermingled.
The verses are usually commonplace, but something
a little more than that is offered by the lines entitled
"The Idealist"
"Somewhere beyond the ocean's melting rim,
Beyond the level surface of the waves,
He dreams of islands, in whose echoing caves
Rest and eternal music wait for him.
Behind, long billows seem to touch the brim
Of low white cliffs, and looking back he craves
To stand once more at his forefathers' graves,
Hard by the cottage-door and garden trim.
Too late he turns the prow; through fretful spray
The keel slips homeward, and the ominous roar
Of tumbling surf is nearer, till once more
Within the arms of his familiar bay
He hears the village bell from far away,
And lo! fierce wreckers line the fatal shore."
The " Odds and Ends" of Mr. R. Moutagu Tabor
are parodies, exercises in classical and macaronic
verse, political and social skits, and vers de sociitS
of the sort made familiar by numerous exemplars.
"A Dissolution of Partnership" is a neat and effec-
tive example.
"When you played at Bridge with me,
When I saw you lightly make,
As my smiling vis-a-trit,
Every possible mistake,
I forgave you, though I paid
Dearly for the slips you made.
"When you played at Golf with me,
When your efforts made the ball
Through the green or from the tee
Into every bunker fall,
I forgave you, though it cost
Many a pang each time we lost.
"When you played at Love with me,
Ah! what science then, what skill
Drew me to your feet to be
Now discarded at your will;
Shall I still forgive you? Yes!
Nothing ever grieved me less."
Mr. Tabor's touch as a parodist may be shown by a
couple of brief examples.
"The Trippers came down to the sea in their hordes,
And their raiment was gorgeous with gewgaws and gauds,
And their brass was as brazen, their manners as free,
As when they lark nightly through Shoreditch, E. C."
"What means this flimsy paper bine,
With hints of all the ills IH rue
Be my return not full and true?
The Census.
"What strikes me with profound dismay
At what my maiden annt will say
When pressed to state her natal day?
The Census."
A few more extracts would go far to prove that the
author was in line to qualify for the laurels of C. S. C.
In "The Rough Rider, and Other Poems," Mr.
Bliss Carman's lyre is attuned to themes suggested
by his adopted country. New England legends,
Puritan ballads, tributes to our national heroes, and
songs in commemoration of our national festivals,
make up this pleasing little volume, and show the
writer to have fairly earned citizenship with us.
We are not quite sure that his description of "The
Rough Rider" fits, but we cannot deny its writer's
conviction.
"Who is the hardy figure
Of virile fighting strain,
With valor and conviction
In heart, and hand, and brain?
Sprung from our old ideals
To serve our later needs,
He is the modern Roundhead,
The man who rides and reads."
But we can accord him complete sympathy when he
hymns "A New England Thanksgiving" in such
strains as the following:
"Here lived the men who gave us
The purpose that holds fast,
The dream that nerves endeavor.
The glory that shall last.
Here strong as pines in winter,
And free as ripening corn,
Our faith in fair ideals —
Our fathers' faith — was born.
"Here shone through simple living,
With pride in word and deed,
And consciences of granite,
The old New England breed.
With souls assayed by hardship,
Illumined, self-possessed,
Strongly they lived, and left us
Their passion for the best."
The note of social idealism is predominant in this
new collection of verse, but the author still hears
the call of the open road, and has lost nothing of
his sensitive response to the ministries of nature.
Last summer's celebration at Lake Champlain
seems to have fared well at the hands of the poets.
In our last article we quoted from Mr. Clinton
Scollard's ode. Mr. Carman has a song upon this
theme in the volume just discussed, and Mr. Percy
Mackaye's "Ticonderoga" is given the precedence
among his "Poems," recently published. It is a
spirited composition, ending with these lines.
"So by my visionary shore
Soldier and saint and sagamore
Live in my shadow evermore:
Where, rapt in beauty, slopes Champlain,
Lulled are the passion and the pain;
The vision and the race remain."


1910.]
201
THE
DIAL
A group of other pieces written for occasions fol-
lows, and their themes take a range wide enough to
include Tennyson, the exploits of Mr. Wilbur
Wright, the American University, the New Theatre
of New York, and the death of Verestschagin.
Then come the "Poems Lyrical and Descriptive"
that fill the second half of the volume. We may
allow the word "descriptive," but hardly the word
"lyrical." The work is too jerky and prosaic to be
called song. The following lines concerning Mr.
Moody's dramatic success, offer a striking example
of how not to write poetry.
"Henceforth we cannot be the same; for us
Americans, because of you, the tide
Dramatic turns to seek its heritage
Splendidly homeward to ourselves; our stage
Is cleft, between its pusillanimous
And daring goals stands now the Great Divide."
By way of contrast, and for the purpose of holding
the scales even, we now give one of Mr. Mackaye's
best poems, the sonnet to Norton's memory.
"Out of the ' obscure wood ' and ominous way
Which are our life, to that obscurer sea
Whose margin glooms and gleams alternately
With storm and splendor of the shrouded spray —
He has departed. Our familiar day,
His elm-hushed, ivied walks no more shall see
That radiant smile of austere courtesy:
On Shady Hill the mist hangs cold and gray.
"He has departed hence, but not alone:
Still in his steps, where golden discourse burns,
To Virgil now he speaks, and now he turns
Toward Alighieri in calm undertone,
Holding with modest tact his path between
The Mantuan and the mighty Florentine."
Mr. John Myers O'Hara, who published some time
ago a paraphrased version of Sappho, now gives us
"Songs of the Open," a lyrical volume of his own.
He has the true sense of the wild, and can be
vividly picturesque upon occasion, as in "Night in
the Woods."
"The trees brood rigid and stark,
Grey wolves in the brushwood bark;
A blast from the clearing sprays
The snow in powdery haze.
"The resinous pine boughs crack;
A wild-cat doubles its track,
Slinks cowed from the campfire's flare
O'er crusted slopes to its lair.
"The reach of the timber line
Auroral flashes define;
And edged with a dagger light
The pole-star pierces the night."
Here is surely not a word to spare, and the scene is
sharply etched. Nor is the reflective note lacking,
for we find it in this "Silhouette" and in several
other pieces.
"Limned dark against the sinking disk of red,
One lonely tree
Lifts its lorn boughs in bare obliquity;
"Sad eremite whose arms despairing spread
And agonize
In dumb appeal to the response less skies;
"Old twisted fingers of fair seasons fled,
Pointing in air
Worn palms that plead in long unanswered prayer."
Mr. O'Hara's measures are frequently too rugged
to be purely lyrical, and he has a taste for forced
adjectives that is a trifle jarring. One of his best
lines is spoiled by the word "seismic," which he
evidently thinks should have three syllables.
Mr. Robert Loveman's slender volume of lyrics
is styled "The Blushful South and Hippocrene."
There are three score and ten of them, save one,
and all are simple and sincere. Our choice shall be
the two stanzas called " Love."
"We lack love; if we have love
We have all in all,
Earth below and stars above,
And calm and carnival.
"Love makes the ringed world ours,
We are peers of God,
Love woos and makes the flowers,
Dew-drowsing 'neath the' sod."
Now and then these songs are freighted with the
burden of the world's woe, but most of them are
such airy and charming trifles as the one we have
quoted.
Art and nature, heroism and virtue, the delicate
motions of the spirit touched by suggestions of the
past, and the aspirations of the soul rapt by mystical
intuitions — these are the chief notes of Miss Louise
Imogen Guiney's song, now for nearly a quarter of
a century escaping her to reach the public ear. She
is one of the subtlest and most artistic of our lyrists,
and many will be glad of the volume which she
calls "Happy Ending" (may it be anything but an
ending!) into which she has brought "the less faulty
half" of her previously published verse. Although
the poems are not new, they shall here be illustrated
by one brief example — this "Deo Optimo Maximo"
which reveals the singer's deepest self.
"All else for use, One only for desire;
Thanksgiving for the good, but thirst for Thee:
Up from the best, whereof no man need tire,
Impel Thou me.
"Delight is menace if Thou brood not by,
Power a quicksand, Fame a gathering jeer.
Oft as the morn (though none of earth deny
These three are dear),
"Wash me of them, that I may be renewed,
And wander free amid my freeborn joys:
Oh, close my hand upon Beatitude!
Not on her toys."
A rich freightage of both thought and emotion is
borne with each new argosy launched by Miss Edith
M. Thomas. The fleet has grown steadily in num-
bers for thirty or more years, and its collected cargo
is a possession that we would not willingly miss from
our literature. "The Guest at the Gate" is the
latest volume to bear the name of Miss Thomas,
and from its varied contents — dramatic, gnomic,
and lyric — we select this tender invocation to
"Domiduca," the goddess who watches over the
wanderer's homeward journeyings.


202
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
"Lead home, for now the light descends the skies;
Lead home, O goddess of the evening eyes —
And voice of whisper dying off the leaves —
And touch of velvet air on flowers that sleep
(To-morrow to he slain amid the sheaves)!
Lead home, O brooder of the brooding bird,
With wings bedewed, in grassy covert deep,
Sleep-lnlled, with its half-uttered vesper-notes;
Lead home, O guardian of the couching flock,
By pools wherein the shadow lies unstirred;
Lead home the toilers all, who scarce can keep
Their pathway for encumbering drowsiness;
Lead home, pilot of lonely skiffs that rock
On yearning seas where bright the moon-path floats;
Lead all these home, and of thy bounty bless —
Lead home!
"Lead home, O goddess of the evening eyes,
And voice of dim response to twilight cries —
Whom ever, since a child, I loved past all,
Served past all deities befriending earth!
Lead home! . . . And, if I have no home, then rise
Before my way, and, with deceiving charms,
Build me a dream of mine own roof and hearth,
And thither in remembered accents call;
And lull me, sobbing, in remembered arms:
Lead home!"
Mrs. Helen Huntington's volume of simple lyrics,
"From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems," may
be illustrated by quoting these stanzas "To Snow."
"Strange divinity of snow,
Eager other worlds to know,
Spotless spirit, not of earth,
What wild power invoked thy birth?
"All the stars to thee have told
Raptures of eternal cold,
All the silent, ice-bound streams
Made thee keeper of their dreams.
"Phantom victor over all,
Robed in white, transplendent pall,
Mighty in thy shining power,
Dazzling vision of an hour,
"None thy mystery may know
As thou earnest thou must go, —
Fading god, by earth outworn,
Lo, in mist, to heaven upborne."
They are pretty verses, if not deeply inspired.
Something like this may also be said of the
"Lyrics of Life," by Mrs. Florence Earle Coates.
The idealism of this writer is fine and true, and she
has an eye for themes that invite poetical treatment.
Her best work is represented by such a poem as
« The Christ of the Andes."
"Far, far the mountain peak from me
Where lone he stands, with look caressing;
Yet from the valley, wistfully
I lift my dreaming eyes, and see
His hand stretched forth in blessing.
Never bird sings nor blossom blows
Upon that summit chill and breathless,
Where throned he waits amid the snows;
But from his presence wide outflows
I»ve that is warm and deathless.
"O symbol of the great release
From war and strifes! — unfailing fountain
To which we turn for joy's increase
Fain would we climb to heights of Peace —
Thy peace upon the mountain!"
William Morton Payne.
Briefs ox New Books.
Mr. Max Beerbohm, in an apprecia-
"X. tive e88av on "Whistler's Writing,"
offers an ingeniously impersonal plea
for himself — for the artist who uses two mediums
of expression but cannot get himself taken seriously
in both of them. Mr. Beerbohm does not commit
the unforgivable sin — in an essayist — of taking
himself too seriously. He is entertained by himself,
af^er the manner of his friend, Mr. Shaw; he exploits
his own foibles, at times with almost Chestertonian
ceremoniousness; but he is essentially of neither
Chesterton's nor Shaw's cult. As a caricaturist he is
truly humorous; as an essayist he knows how to trifle
with life as genially as did Lamb and Stevenson,
and far more compellingly than does his contem-
porary, Mr. E. V. Lucas. The occasion of these
remarks is the appearance of an American edition
of ''Yet Again" (John Lane), the fourth volume of
Mr. Beerbohm's collected essays. Open fires, train-
time goodbyes, the invisible President of the Swiss
Republic, a sensible substitute for "rest-cures," the
horrors of leader-writing, the tragic spoliation of a
beautifully labelled hat-box, British humor, street-
names, and the House of Commons manner, are
some of the subjects on which Mr. Beerbohm,
gravely, daintily, and wittily, frees his mind. Mr.
Beerbohm is a bystander, an observer, endowed with
the keenest possible sense of the art of life, but ami-
ably detached from all its practical issues. He
poses a little; he deliberately cultivates interesting
prejudices and significant predispositions. And
whatever he chooses to talk about, in a style inti-
mate, elaborate, quite sincere beneath its polish,
takes on a new meaning — and keeps it. We shall
never, we are sure, listen to a verger in Westmin-
ster Abbey without remembering Mr. Beerbohm's
vivid account of the poor man's slavery to sameness,
and his apt suggestion that parrots, comfortably
perched on each bust and statue, might easily be
taught to relieve "these sad-faced men of their
intolerable mission." When we see a friend off for
a journey we shall recall the professional " seer-off"
of the Anglo-American Social Bureau, and the read-
ing of the editorials in the morning paper will be
enlivened by the recollection of the "pathetic im-
posture" involved, according to Mr. Beerbohm, in
the effort to comment effectively, to order, at top
speed, on the news of the day.
Some early Schopenhauer's assertion that the
appreciation* number of years that elapse between
of Meredith. the appearance of a book and its
acknowledgment gives the measure of time that the
author is in advance of his age, has given rise to
much discussion hpropos of the writings of Mr.
George Meredith. Was Mr. James Thomson cor-
rect in asserting that Henley's article on "The
Egoist" (published in "The Athenseum," 1879) was
the first public utterance on Meredith "evincing
the critic's familiarity with all the writer's works "?


1910.]
203
THE
DIAL
According to Mr. Maurice Buxton Forman, Mr.
Thomson was mistaken; and, in order to give the
student of Meredith an insight into the contemporary
criticism of that author, he has chosen twenty-three
articles representing critical judgment on Meredith
from the year 1851, when his first hook was pub-
lished, till 1883, when he issued his " Poems and
Lyrics of the Joy of Earth." These articles ap-
peared originally in English reviews — some anony-
mously, and others over such signatures as William
Michael Rossetti, Kingsley, Swinburne, Richard
Garnet, George Eliot, Mark Pattison, William
Ernest Henley, and James Thomson. Mr. Thomson
was perhaps, on the whole, Meredith's stanchest
champion, admiring more unreservedly than the
rest, and calling less attention to his "objectionable
subtlety of style" and his "faults of construction."
Mr. Swinburne's famous and poignant reply to
"The Spectator's" review of " Modern Love " came
out boldly with the announcement that "a more
perfect piece of writing no man alive has ever
turned out than the sonnet beginning "We saw
the swallows gathering in the sky." George
Eliot unhesitatingly pronounced "The Shaving of
Shagpat" a work of genius. Mr. Henley com-
pared Meredith to Shakespeare, in that he was
"a man of genius who was a clever man as well."
Meredith's writings were obviously not sensed by
the many of his time, not even by the critics gener-
ally; but the foregoing examples show that he was
appreciated by the few somewhat earlier than has
been generally supposed. In Mr. Forman's col-
lection of these " Early Appreciations of Meredith"
(Scribner), there is much good reading for those
who are curious about that great author. In many
of them there is a combination of perceptiveness
and lack of discrimination curious in itself. One
might dispute even with Mr. Thomson (who says
so many fine things) that Meredith is distinctly a
man's writer. And why is there no mention of
the Essay on Comedy? It appeared in 1877, but,
up to 1883 had apparently provoked no comment
worthy of repetition. It is interesting also to note
that, although contemporary criticism of Meredith's
novels and poems was in many respects radically
different from that of to-day, the quotations from
his writings in both cases are much the same. It
would seem as if certain beautiful and pertinent
passages had aroused from the beginning the intel-
ligent reader's admiration.
„., , ., Professor J. Laurence Laughlin's
1 Hal problenu, o
economic and volume on "Latter-day Problems
tocioioyicai. (Scribner) is a presentation of cer-
tain social and economic questions in untechnical
language, and is designed for popular reading. The
material originally appeared, largely, in various
magazines, and was then published by way of com-
ment upon issues that are figuring in the political
contests of the present day. The essays cover a
wide range, including some primarily social or
sociological matters, such as "Socialism, a Philoso-
phy of Failure," "The Abolition of Poverty,"
"Social Settlements," and the like; and also some
strictly economic topics, such as "Guaranty of Bank
Deposits," "Government vs. Bank Issues," and
others of kindred character. Professor Laughlin's
essays have the great merit of bringing to the solu-
tion of current problems the results of analyses made
by a clear and practical mind. They are conspicu-
ously meritorious in that they nowhere fall into the
common errors of sentimentalism or Utopian dream-
ing. They have the additional and unusual virtue
of conviction and of clearness in exposition. No
one need be in doubt, after reading these chapters,
either about the author's conclusions or the line of
reasoning by which they have been arrived at.
Professor Laughlin can never be charged with fall-
ing between two stools. He is, throughout, con-
sistent and determined in his adherence to a definite
economic philosophy. A criticism which, however,
will certainly be brought against his discussion of
those topics that have a larger social bearing is the
apparent lack of sympathy, or allowance for differ-
ences in points of view, in training, and in capacity.
Many will perhaps feel that he has too positive a
belief in the stability and permanence of the present
economic order, or one closely similar to it; and
that he lays too little stress upon the possibility of
improvement as the result of combined social, rather
than of individual, effort. If these criticisms are
brought against this volume of essays, however, they
must stand as an impeachment, not so much of the
author's work, as of the school of thought to which
he belongs. It is likely that the essays which will
be most valued are those dealing with Banking and
Currency questions, where the author speaks as our
foremost academic specialist in such matters. The
ideas he puts forward may well serve as an antidote
to some of the dangerous schemes that have lately
received sanction in high quarters.
Wanderingi Actually to wander about the won-
about Rome, derf ul country lying around Rome
old and new. ^ one „f tjje most delightful of pos-
sible experiences: to make the same trips through
the pages of a book with Signor Rodolfo Lanciani as
a guide is a pleasure scarcely less. In "Wander-
ings in the Roman Campagna" (Houghton) Signor
Lanciani, as in his previous books, shows himself a
master of the art of arranging material which in
other hands might be dull, so that, for the time
being, we all become archaeologists and share his
enthusiasm in all his "finds." The most charac-
teristic features of the Campagna landscape, as we
see it to-day, are the remains of aqueducts and
reservoirs stretching over the crumpled plains and
ruins of tombs lining the roadsides. In this book
we are taken back to the happy days when the
Campagna resembled a great park, studded with
villages, farms, cottages, lordly residences, temples,
fountains, and tombs; when these tombs contained
not only a funeral banqueting-hall level with the
road, but also a crypt below, where the ashes were


204
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
kept in urns or the bodies were laid to rest in sar-
cophagi. How these changes came about, and how
new discoveries underground are still being made,
is an interesting story. Indeed, the last three years
seem to have been notably marked by eventful revel-
ations, — for example, the beautiful bas-relief ,of
Antinous at Torre del Padiglione, with the name of
its sculptor carved upon it (October, 1907); the
sarcophagus, a masterpiece of Hadrian's golden age,
found by the workmen digging ground for the new
freight station at Rome (June, 1908) ; the interest-
ing triangular altar on the Janiculum, only a year
ago. Most important of all, perhaps, are the things
brought to light near the King's hunting-box at
Castel Porziano: a Roman cottage on the coast of
Laurentum, and a copy of Myron's statue of the
Disk-thrower — " Queen Elena's Cottage" and
"Queen Elena's Discobolus," as they will hereafter
be known. Three out of the six chapters of the
present book have headings of tempting literary
sound —"The Land of Horace." "The Land of
Cicero," "The Land of Pliny the Younger." These
regions, so lovely in themselves, are somewhat lack-
ing in absolute landmarks of the homes and lives
of the great writers. But even if no exact bounda-
ries can be traced of the Sabine farm, it is certain
that we can recognize the streams and hills and
fields that Horace loved so well; that we can wan-
der along the same Via Valeria which the poet loved
to pace in the early morning hours, on his way to
the villa of Maecenas. "As a bee darts from the
fields of Matinum where the redolent thyme grows,
so I follow the banks of the Anio to feel the inspira-
tion of the Muses." The volume is published in
the same sumptuous style of its five predecessors on
Roman themes. There are maps and illustrations
abundant in quantity and charming in quality;
many are of full-page, and many entirely new. It
is to be hoped that the author will keep his half-
promise for a second volume of these charming
""Wanderings."
Backward When a book is written by a distin-
ttudiet of guished Frenchman, translated by a
thettan. competent Englishman, and mar-
keted in this country by an American publishing-
house, one naturally expects to find some merit in
it Such a book is Rudeaux's "How to Study the
Stars" (Stokes). To be sure, the author's name is
spelt in one way on the cover, and in another on
the title-page; and the translator on rare occasions
seems to miss the author's meaning, as in the sen-
tence, "But these remarks have mainly a theoretical
value, since their effect is usually realized in that
portion of the plate which is rendered useless by
the least instrumental distinctness" (pp. 325-6).
However, a very few blemishes of this sort are
simply the flies in the ointment; the ointment itself
is very attractive. It is not too much to say that
this is the best book in the English language in its
particular field. Its aim is to teach and direct those
who wish to make observations of celestial objects
with small telescopes and home-made appliances, as
well as to indulge in celestial photography. The
author has evidently had abundant experience of
this sort, and gives his directions with commendable
explicitness and charming naivetS. In the first
third of the book he gives descriptions of methods
by which as amateur, having purchased his lenses,
may make his own telescope or celestial camera, if
he be so minded; he also provides for the needs of
one who purchases a ready-made small telescope,
and wishes to gain a thorough insight into its con-
struction. Besides this, good advice is given about
the construction of an inexpensive observatory. The
remainder of the book is devoted to minute and care-
ful instructions about how to make observations or
photographs of the different sorts of objects which
one finds in the sky. Here the author's experience
in such work stands out very plainly, and enables him
to give directions at once detailed, sound, and helpful.
There are seventy-nine illustrations, many of which
are from the author's own observations and photo-
graphs; they well demonstrate the excellent results
which follow the skilful manipulation of small in-
struments. While very few persons in this country
have telescopes in their back-yards, as Professor
Hale and Mr. Burnham have had with such happy
results, those who are so equipped will find their
interest heightened and their work rendered more
effective by reading M. Rudeaux's work.
London Town. Bvron ha9 written of London as "a
from King Lud new land which foreigners can never
to Queen Vic." understand." As an aid, however,
to its fuller comprehension we may recommend
Mr. Arthur Compton-Rickett's well-conceived and
carefully-executed work, "The London Life of
Yesterday" (Dutton). In thirteen erudite but not
unreadable chapters are presented the general aspect
and bearing of the city at various periods, from the
time of King Lud to the reign of Queen Victoria.
First we have "London in the Making," then the
London of Alfred's day, after that, successively, the
London of the twelfth century, of Chaucer's time,
under Whittington's magistracy, in the Renaissance,
during the Reformation, as Shakespeare saw it, as
Milton and Cromwell knew it, as gossipy Pepys has
pictured it, and as Christopher Wren rebuilt it, —
the London of Addison and Pope, of Johnson and
Hogarth, and, finally, of Francis Place and Charles
Dickens. An appended bibliography of seven pages
gives the contemporary and more recent sources of
information drawn upon by the author, who has
done well to dwell less on the physical features of
the great city than on its manners and customs, its
interests and aims, and its progress toward a higher
civilization. Strange and almost incomprehensible
to us are the formal strained relations between
sixteenth-century and seventeenth-century English
children and their parents. "Beating was quite
common for both girls and boys on the slightest
provocation; the whole duty of motherhood was to
marry the girls, willy-nilly, at the first suitable


1910.]
205
THE DIAL,
opportunity." As for the boys, some of them were
mercilessly gorged with learning at a very tender
age. Locke speaks of one who began Latin at six,
understood "geography and chronology and the
Copernican system of our vortex" at nine, and had
some acquaintance with anatomy. The author mod-
estly tells in his preface what he has " tried to essay"
in the subsequent chapters; but his book is by no
means so feebly tentative as that peculiar phrase
might lead one to expect.
The u/e of an ^ 1S pleasant to note that the recent
oid-fathioned "Life of Susan Warner" is pub-
yentiewoman. H8hed by the same firm (now G. P.
Putnam's Sons) that nearly sixty years ago brought
out "The Wide Wide World." It is as the author
of this, her first novel, published in 1850, that Susan
Warner is chiefly remembered. The book, a relig-
ious romance, was very widely read in England and
France, as well as at home; and many of us can
remember with what absorption we followed the
fortunes of poor little Ellen Montgomery. Nowa-
days the religious emotion of the story seems exag-
gerated, almost morbid; but it was, after all, an
entirely natural expression of the life of the author.
Susan Warner lived in a time when babies were
born middle-aged, — so perhaps it is not strange
that at thirty-one she should have written a story
whose heroine possessed an over-developed con-
science. The wonder is that, in spite of this, her
book was full of genuine human interest, and so
escaped sentimentality. It seems an ungracious
task to pick flaws in a work so evidently a labor of
love as this biography. The author, Anna B.
Warner, says in her preface: "I have tried to put
in nothing irrelevant, but with everything so inter-
esting to me it was often hard to choose." This we
can well believe; and to a woman now past eighty,
writing of an adored sister, we must pardon the
gentle garrulity of age. The pages are full of de-
tails, interesting only to one with a background of
intimate personal knowledge and affection. The
letters and extracts from journals are linked by
comment sadly lacking in clearness and coherence.
For the most part the letters are undated, and the
sequence of events can only be guessed. Never-
theless the book gives an interesting picture of life
in and about New York in the forties and fifties;
also a genuine portrait of a gentlewoman, by nature
eager, sensitive, and studious, who was always, in
spite of Puritan influences, a devout worshipper of
Beauty. .
If France is a decadent nation, there
terest in her doings, past or present.
English and American publishers, not content with
the flood of volumes in English which treat French
subjects, are finding readers for translations of the
most ordinary French originals. Mrs. Rodolph
Stawell has made a most excellent version of a
monograph by Gilbert Stenger, entitled "The Re-
turn of Louis XVIII." (Scribner). There is little
reason for saying much of the original, whether in
praise or in blame. Half the clever Frenchmen of
this generation seem to be playwrights, and the other
half historians; and this volume is a very creditable
bit of work from the shop of an artisan of the latter-
named guild. The most striking feature of the au-
thor's method is his fondness for "portraits " of the
old classic variety; and a remarkable evidence of his
conscientiousness is his desperate effort to be just to
the English. His first chapter has a lucid state-
ment of the relationships subsisting between all the
leading members of the Bourbon family at the time
of the Restoration. There is a good index, and an
extensive table of contents which is in itself a com-
plete and detailed account of the events of the period.
An appendix, in the form of an extract from the
Almanack Royal of 1815, gives the King's house-
hold in full — Grand Almoner, Confessor, Chief
Pantler, Chief Cupbearer, and the rest — sixty-nine
persons in all; with the household of Monsieur, the
Comte d'Artois, who later became Charles X.,
the second list comprising thirty-one names. The
translator deserves special mention. She has not
only given us a well-written version of the French
text, — she has furnished in the footnotes correc-
tions of errors and explanations of obscurities which
prove her capable of writing, if she chose, quite as
good a history of Louis XVIII. as the one she has
translated.
Though Major De Bouillane de
^•W^^."^8*6'8 ".Awond Afghanistan"
(Appleton) is a personal account of
the author's trip from Teheran to the Chinese frontier,
thence through LittleTibet and Kashmere, and across
the Baluchistan desert back to the beginning of the
loop, it is nevertheless an important addition to our
knowledge of the "buffer state." Trained students
of Eastern affairs are so confident that a telling
conflict between Russia and England must arise for
the superior hand over this land, that any book
is welcome which adds its mite toward a true
understanding of the confused and contradictory
state of affairs now existing under the unsteady
ruler of that country. Major de Lacoste travelled
round Afghanistan, peeping, as it were, over the walls,
but the direction and purpose of his peepings are
heralded in a preface by M. Georges Leygues, who,
quite naturally, takes a pro-Franco-Russo view of
affairs by insisting that Lord Curzon and the high
Indian officials made many sad mistakes during the
Japanese-Russian war, and that every mistake stirred
up not only the Indian-Afghan problem but also
the whole Asiatic problem. Very naturally, too,
M. Leygues is of the opinion that all the Western
nations are forced to take a stand on the question,
and then — the world conflict. Of this serious
matter there is only a slight echo in the body of this
book; rather, Major de Lacoste gives us an intelli-
gent and entertaining account of the people, their
manners and their country. The illustrations are
unusual and instructive.


206
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Life-Mttorv ^e ^ev- John White said that a
of Quantveii, large part of the first settlers of
the guerrilla. Massachusetts Bay were "rude, un-
governable persons, the very scum of the land." Such
is always the case in new settlements ; and it was es-
pecially true of the western frontier at the time of the
Civil War. The worst of the " scum " was Quantrell,
whose life has recently been written by Mr. William
Elsey Connelley (Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, la.).
Mr. Connelley originally acquired a collection of
Quantrell papers, made by the late W. W. Scott,
who was a newspaper editor at Canal Dover, Ohio,
and an early friend of the Quantrell family. These
papers he has supplemented by indefatigable re-
search, and by conversation with persons who knew
Quantrell at every stage of his career. The result
he has somewhat loosely put together in a large
book, which gives the life-history of the notorious
guerrilla in great detail. So many contradictory
statements have been made about Quantrell that it
is well the work should be done. The book throws
a lurid light upon conditions in Missouri at the
time, and adds a chapter to the psychology of the
degenerate. It strips Quantrell of the glamour that
has sometimes attached to his name, and shows how
inevitably in real life the wages of sin is death.
Notes.
Mr. Arthur Rackham has selected Wagner's " Ring"
as the subject for his next illustrative work.
The authorized English translation of M. Edmond
Rostand's new drama, "Chanticleer," will be issued in
this country by Messrs. Duffield & Co.
A set of Dickens's works, in thirty volumes, will be
added this spring by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. to
their attractive series of standard authors in complete
editions.
George Meredith's last novel, "Celt and Saxon,"
now appearing serially in an English periodical, will
be published during the coming summer by Messrs.
Scribner's Sons.
Two new volumes will be added this spring to Messrs.
Holt's " Leading Americans " series. These are " Lead-
ing American Novelists" by Mr. John Erskine; and
"Leading American Essayists " by Mr. William Morton
Payne.
A Nature-book of an unusual sort is promised in
Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd's "A Cycle of Sunsets," soon
to be issued by Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. It is a
sympathetic study of sunsets, interwoven with a pleasant
little love-story.
Mr. O. C. Auringer, author of several volumes of
verse, is about to issue a volume of twin tragedies of
the Revolution, entitled "The Death of Maid McCrea,
and the Lover's Tragedy." Messrs. Badger & Co.,
Boston, are the publishers.
Two volumes are devoted to "The Great English
Short-Story Writers" in "The Reader's Library"
(Harper), edited by Messrs. W. J. and C. W. Dawson.
Thirteen examples are given in each volume, half of
the number being of American origin. The second
volume is supposed to be more "modern" than the
first, but there is not much chronological difference
between Stevenson, Mr. James, and Mr. Hardy, on the
one hand, and Dr. Doyle, Sir. Gilbert Parker, and Mrs.
Deland, on the other.
A study of Maurice Maeterlinck, by Gerard Harry,
translated by Mr. A. R. Allinson, including two essays
by Maeterlinck hitherto unpublished in English, is
announced. The book will have a photogravure por-
trait of Maeterlinck, and other illustrations.
Recently at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, a new play
in ballad metre, by Mr. W. B. Yeats, "The Green
Helmet," was produced by the National Theatre Com-
pany. The play is founded on a folk-tale of the Cuchu-
lain cycle, and Mr. Yeats's experiment in the use of
ballad metre is completely successful.
Three new volumes in the "Library of Living
Thought," published by the Messrs. Harper, are the
following: "Roman Law in Mediaeval Europe," by
Prof. Paul Vinogradoff; "Crete the Forerunner of
Greece," by C. H. Hawes and Miss Harriet B. Hawes;
and " Diamonds," by Sir William Crookes.
It is announced that with the April issue " Putnam's
Magazine" will suspend publication, its subscription
list having been transferred to the "Atlantic Monthly."
"Putnam's" was conducted in a dignified manner,
without resort to sensationalism in matter or methods;
and we regret to hear of its disappearance from the
magazine field.
The English "Who's Who" (Macmillan) grows
thicker and thicker. The volume for 1910 fills about
twenty-two hundred pages, and contains several hun-
dreds of new names, while of the old ones " few die
and none resign," to quote Jefferson on office-holders.
The selection of American names seems to be as
capricious as ever.
The prize of fifteen hundred dollars offered by the
governors of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in
Stratford-upon-Avon for the best play has been won by
Miss Josephine Preston Peabody with "The Piper."
Three hundred and fifteen plays were submitted in the
competition. The successful work will be produced in
the Memorial Theatre.
Two interesting titles are announced for spring pub-
lication in Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Company's River-
side Press Editions. One of these is a reprint of " Pan's
Pipes," among the most charming of Robert Louis
Stevenson's essays; the other is entitled "A Poet in
Exile," and consists of some early letters written by
John Hay to his friend Miss Nora Perry, now issued
under the editorship of Miss Caroline Ticknor.
The Yale University Press announces that it will
publish during the autumn of this year, "The Records
of the Federal Convention of 1787," under the editor-
ship of Prof. Farrand, of the Department of History at
Yale University. Until now the printed records have
been scattered through a dozen or more different works,
and there has been some unpublished material of con-
siderable value. Evident need has thus existed for this
new and complete edition, which brings together, in
a single work, all of these scattered records. It is
expected that the exhaustive search made by Professor
Farraud will result in the present work's proving to be a
definitive edition of the " Records of the Federal Con-
vention of 1787." The records will appear in three
royal octavo volumes, with a special limited subscribers'
edition on English hand-made paper.


1910.]
207
THE DIAL
Announcements of Spring Books.
The Dial's annual list of books announced for
Spring publication, herewith presented, forms an
interesting epitome of American publishing activities
for the present Spring and coming Summer. All
the books listed are presumably new books — new
editions not being included unless having new form
or matter. The season's output of forty-two pub-
lishing houses is given here in classified arrange-
ment, prepared from advance information secured
especially for this purpose.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The .Life of Lord Kelvin, by Sylvanus P. Thompson,
2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $8. net. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Life and Art of Eichard Mansfield, with selections
from his letters, by William Winter, 2 vols., illus.
in photogravure, etc., $6. net. (Moffat, Yard &
Co.)
Recollections of a Varied Life, by George Gary Eggles-
ton, $3. net.—Leading Americans series, edited by
W. P. Trent, new- vols.: Leading American Novel-
ists, by John Erskine; Leading American Essayists,
by William Morton Payne, illus.; each $1.75 net.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
Bygone Days in Chicago, recollections of the Garden
City in the '60's, by Frederick F. Cook, illus., $2.75
net.—The First Great Canadian, the story of Pierre
Le Moyne, Sieur D 'Iberville, by Charles B. Beed,
illus., $2. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Memoirs of the Duchess de Dino, 1836-1840, $2.50
net.—The Fascinating Due de Richelieu, by H.
Noel Williams, illus.—A German Pompadour, the
extraordinary history of Wilhelmine von Gravenitz
Landhofmeisterin of Wirtcmberg, by Marie Hay,
illus., $1.50 net.—Some Musical Recollections of
Fifty Years, by Richard Hoffman, with memoir by
Mrs. Hoffman, illus., $1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
George Sand, some aspects of her life and work, by
Ren6 Doumic, trans, by Alyo Hallard, with por-
traits.—Fifty Years in Camp and Field, diary of
Ethan Allen Hitchcock, edited by W. A. Croffut,
with introduction by William T. Harris, with por-
trait, $4. net.—The Life of Garret Augustus Ho-
bart, twenty-fourth vice-president of the United
States, by David Magie, with portraits, $2.50 net.
—Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico, the master
builder of a great commonwealth, by Jose F.
Godoy, illus., $2. net.—The Rise of Louis Napoleon,
by F. A. Simpson, illus., $3.50 net.—An Old-
Fashioned Senator, Orville H. Piatt, of Connecticut,
the story of a life unselfishly devoted to the public
service, by Louis A. Coolidge, illus., $3 net. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Memoirs of Harriette Wilson, reprinted from the
scarce edition published in 1825, 2 vols., illus., $8.
net.—Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, confi-
dences of a collector of ceramics and antiques,
edited by Montague Guest, illus. in color, etc., 2
vols., $12.50 net.—Robert Dodsley, poet, publisher,
and playwright, by Ralph Straus, illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., $6.50 net.—Robert Herrick, a bio-
graphical and critical study, by F. W. Moorman,
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1910.]
209
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210
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Education of Mr. Paul, by Algernon Blackwood.
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New York, by Juliet Wilbor Tompkins, with frontis-
piece in color, $1.50.—Gwenda, by Mabel Barnes-
Grundy, with frontispiece, $1.50. (Baker & Taylor
Co.)
The House of the Whispering Pines, by Anna Kathe-
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mances of the Orient, by Margaret Mordecai, $1.50.
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ton and A. G. Stephens, illus., $1.50.—The Game of
the Golden Ball, by Elizabeth and Adrian Johnson,
illus., $1.50.—The Princess of Forge, by George C.
Shedd, illus., $1.50. (Macaulay Co.)


1910] THE DIAL. 211
The Deeds of Denny the Audacious, by Arnold Ben-
nett.—The First Bound, by St. John Lucas.—The
Street of Adventure, by Phillip Gibbs. (E. P. Dut-
ton & Co.)
Kagna, by Anna Constantini, $1.50.—The Fulfillment,
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& Walton Co.)
The Girl from Vermont, by Marshall Saunders, illus.,
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Samuel the Seeker, by Upton Sinclair, $1.50. (B.
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& Co.)
Wool-Growing and the Tariff, by Chester W. Wright,
$1.50 net.—Copyright, its history and law, by Rich-
ard Rogers Bowker. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)


212
[March 16,
THE DIAL
,
ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF SPRING BOOKS—continued.
Men vs. the Man, a correspondence between Robert
Eives La Monte, socialist, and H. L. Mencken, indi-
vidualist, $1.50 net.—Eugenics, the science of human
improvement by better breeding, by C. B. Daven-
port, 50 cts. net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Labor in Europe and America, by Samuel Gompers,
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China and the Far East, edited by George H. Blakes-
lee, $2. net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.)
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The Art of Life Series, new vol.: Latter Day Sinners
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Holt & Co.)
Reptiles of the World, by Baymond L. Ditmars, illus.
in color, etc., $5. net. — Children's Gardens for
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Home Waterworks, by Carleton J. Lynde; From
Kitchen to Garrett, by Virginia Terhune Van de
Water; The Satisfactions of Country Life, by Dr.
James W. Bobertson; Neighborhood Entertainments,
oy Renee B. Stern; Roads, Paths, and Bridges, by
L. W. Page; The Farm Mechanic, by L. W. Chase;
each illus., 75 cts. net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.)
Beautiful Flowers, and how to know them, by Horace
J. Wright and Walter P. Wright, 2 vols., illus. in
color, $8. net.—Wild Beasts of the World, by Frank
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lishing Co.)
Manual of Gardening, by U. H. Bailey, illus.—Prac-
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How to Keep Hens for Profit, by C. S. Valentine,
illus. (Macmillan Co.)
Wilderness Pets, by Edward Breck, illus.—Notes on
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A Cycle of Sunsets, by Mabel Loomis Todd, $1.20 net.
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Who's Who among the Wild Flowers, by W. I. Bee-
croft, with introduction by Frances Duncan, illus.,
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The Ideal Garden, by H. H. Thomas.—Garden Diffi-
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A White Paper Garden, by Sara Andrew Shafer, illus.,
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Our Garden Flowers, a popular study of their native
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Indoor Gardening, by Ebon E. R«xford, illus. in color,
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An Illustrated Guide to Flowering Plants, by George
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The Garden and its Accessories, by Loring Under-
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SCIENCE.
Aerial Navigation, by Alfred F. Zahm, illus., $3. net.
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The Twentieth Century Science Series, first vols.:
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Prehistoric Man, by Joseph McCabe; Races of
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Physiology, a popular account of the functions of
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The Evolution of Man, a popular scientific study, by
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says, by Elie Metchnikoff, new and cheaper edition,
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Rural Text-Book Series, edited by L. H. Bailey, first
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Regions, by Wendell Paddock and Orville B. Whip-
ple, illus. (Macmillan Co.)
Cliats about Astronomy, by H. P. Hollis, illus., $1.25
net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The New Haven Mathematical Colloquim Lectures,
by Eliakim Hastings Moore and others, $3. net.
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Diamonds, by Sir William Crookes, illus., 75 cts. net.
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Comets, by Henry W. Elson, illus., 50 cts. net. (Stur-
gis & Walton Co.)
ART AND MUSIC.
History of the Fan, by G. Woolliscroft Bhead, illus.
in color, etc., $25. net.—Manet and the French
Impressionists, by Theodore Duret, trans, by J. E.
Crawford Flitch, illus. with etchings, wood engrav-
ings, etc., $3.75 net.—Lippincott's New Art Library,
edited by M. H. Spielmann and P. G. Konody, first
vol.: The Practice of Oil Painting and of Drawing
as Associated with It, by Solomon J. Solomon,
illus., $1.75 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Chinese Pottery and Porcelain, a translation of the
T'ao Shuo, by S. W. Bushnell.—The Theory and
Practice of Perspective, by G. A. Storey.—Tradi-
tional Methods of Pattern Designing, by A. H.
Christie.—Church Art in England Series, new vol.:
Misericords, by Francis Bond. (Oxford University
Press.)
The Studio Year-Book of Decorative Art, 1910, illus..
$3. net.—Modern Cabinet Work, Furniture, and
Fitments, by Percy A. Wells and John Hooper,
illus., $5. net.—What Pictures to See in Europe in
One Summer, by L. L. M. Bryant, illus., $1.50 net.
(John Lane Co.)


1910.]
213
THE DIAL
The Art of Northern Italy, by Corrado Ricci, illus.
in color, etc., $1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
How to Visit the Great Picture Galleries, by Esther
Singleton, illus., $2. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Design in Theory and Practise, by Ernest A. Batch-
elder, illus. (Macmillan Co.)
Practical Hints for Art Students, by Charles A. Lasar,
$1. net. (Duffield & Co.)
Cassell's Royal Academy Pictures and Sculpture, 1910.
—Modelling from Nature, by Lillian Carter. (Cas-
sell & Co.)
Unmusical New York, a brief criticism of triumphs,
failures, and abuses, by Herman Klein, $1.50 net.
—Musical Studies, by Ernest Newman, new edition,
$1.50 net. (John Lane Co.)
Grove's Dictionary of Music, edited by J. Puller
Maitland, new illustrated edition in 5 vols., each $5.
(Macmillan Co.)
Music, its laws and evolution, by Jules Combarieu,
trans, by Joseph Skellon, $1.75 net. (D. Appleton
& Co.)
PHILOSOPHY. - PSYCHOLOGY. - ETHICS.
The Epochs of Philosophy, edited by John Grier Hib-
ben, first vols.: Stoic and Epicurean, by R. D.
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Abnormal Psychology, by Isador H. Coriat, illus., $2
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The Principles of Pragmatism, by H. Heath Bawden,
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The Psychology of Reasoning, by W. B. Pillsbury,
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The Duty of Altruism, by Roy Madding McConnell.
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An Outline of Individual Study, by G. E. Partridge,
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The Direction of Desire, by S. M. Bligh. (Oxford
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Nietzsche in Outline and Aphorism, by A. R. Orage,
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The Gospel and the Modern Man, by Shailer Mathews.
—The Ethics of Jesus, by Henry Churchill King.—
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Dwight Hillis.—Religion in the Making, by Dr.
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History of Ethics within Organized Christianity, by
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The Rise of the Mediaeval Church, from the apostolic
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Orpheus, a universal history of religions, by Dr.
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Fifty-three Years in Syria, by Henry H. Jessup, with
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A History of Protestant Missions in the Near East,
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trator, by Joseph S. Exell, 39 vols., each $2.—Along
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The New Testament, edited by A. W. Greenup and J.
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itan Liturgy, edited by A. E. Cowley, 2 vols.—Vitae
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—Sacred Books of the East, compiled by M. Win-
ternitz, Vol. L.—The Companion Bible, part II.—
Dialogues of the Buddha, edited by T. W. Rhys
Davids, Vol. II.—St. Deiniol's Studies in Theology,
new vol.: Inspiration of Prophecy, by G. C. Joyce.
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Christian Unity in Effort, something about the reli-
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Modern Religious Problems Series, first vols.: The
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The Fourth Gospel in Debate and Research, by Ben-
jamin Wisner Bacon, $4. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
The Liberty of Prophesying, by H. Hensley Henson,
$1.50 net. (Yale University Press.)
The Faith of a Layman, by W. F. Osborne.—Bible
Commentary for English Readers, by Bishop Elliott,
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The Reconstruction of the English Church, by R. G.
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Jesus According to St. Mark, by J. M. Thompson,
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The Development of Christianity, by Otto Pfleiderer,
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The Spiritual Unrest, by Ray Stannard Baker, $1.35
net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)


214
[March 16,
THE
DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF .SPRING BOONS-continual.
The Book of Ruth, by William A. Quale, illus. in color,
$1.50 net.—Psychical Science and Christianity, by
E. Katherine Bates, $1.50 net. (Dodge Publishing
Co.)
The Pastor-Preacher, by William A. Quayle, $1.50
net.—Lessons for Methodists, by D. D. Vaughan,
$1. net.—Shop Talks, by Edward Russell Stafford,
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nings & Graham.)
A Search after Ultimate Truth, the divine perfection
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tin Crane, $1.50 net. (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.)
The Old Testament among the Semitic Religions, by
George R. Berry, $1. net.—The Social Gospel, by
Shailer Mathews, 50 cts. net. (Griffith & Rowland
Press.)
The Shadows of the Valley, by Rev. A. G. Mortimer,
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The Winning of Immortality, by Frederick Palmer.
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John the Unafraid, $1. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
Hygiene and Morality, a manual for nurses and oth-
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and Thirza A. Pope, illus., $1.75 net.—Practical
Nursing, a text-book for nurses, by Anna Caroline
Maxwell and Amy Elizabeth Pope, third edition,
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Nutrition and Dietetics, by Winfield S. Hall, illus.,
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Health and Suggestion, the dietetics of the mind, by
Ernst von Feuchtersleben, trans, and edited by
Ludwig Lewisohn, $1. net.—Daily Ways to Health,
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net. (B. W. Huebsch.)
The Conquest of Consumption, by Woods Hutchinson,
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Insects and Disease, a popular account of the way in
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common diseases, bv R. W. Doane, $1.50 net.
(Henry Holt & Co.)"
First Principles of Living, or, The Meaning and
Maintenance of Health, by James Frederick Rog-
ers, $1. net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Science of Living, or, The Art of Keeping Well,
by W. S. Sadler, illus., $1.50 net. (A. C. McClurg
& Co.)
The Role of Self in Mental Healing, by Dr. J. W.
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The Fresh Air Book, by J. P. Muller, illus., 85 cts.
net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Self Help and Self Cure, a primer of psychoterapy,
by Elizabeth Wilder and Edith Mendall" Taylor, 75
cts. net. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Individual Responsibility, by Frank W. Patch, 50 cts.
net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of Charles Dickens, centenary edition, 30
vols., illus. from original drawings, etc., $37.50 net.
(Little, Brown & Co.)
The Works of Herbert Spencer, new uniform low-
priced edition, 18 vols., 10 embodying the "Syn-
thetic Philosophy,'' and 8 the miscellaneous writ-
ings, sold in sets only. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Works of Aristotle, edited by J. A. Smith and
W. D. Ross, new vols.: Historia Animalium, by
D'Arcy W. Thompson; De Generatione Animalium,
by A. Piatt.—Oxford Classical Texts, Vol. IV.:
Xenophon, edited by E. C. Marchant.—Opus Episto-
larum Des, Vol. II.; Grasmi Roterdami, edited by
P. S. Allen.—Poems of Nature and Romance, 1794-
1807, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, edited by Mar-
garet A. Keeling.—Works of Sir Walter Scott, new
vols.: The Fortunes of Nigel, The Antiquary, Kenil-
worth, The Heart of Midlothian, The Monastery,
The Abbot; each illus.—The World's Classics, new
vols.: Lord Dufferin's Letters from High Latitudes,
with introduction by R. W. Macan; Tennyson's
Poetry, with introduction by T. Herbert Warren;
Mrs. Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, with intro-
duction by C. K. Shorter; Washington Irving's Con-
quest of Granada. (Oxford University Press.)
The Works of Thomas Hardy, thin-paper edition, new
vols.: The Return of the Native, Jude the Obscure,
Far from the Madding Crowd, Under the Green-
wood Tree; each $1.25 net. (Harper & Brothers.)
World's Story Tellers Series, new vol.: Stories by
Gustave Flaubert, 40 cts. net.—Works of Samuel
Butler, comprising: The Way of All Flesh; Ere-
whon; Erewhon Revisited. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, by John
Bigelow, new edition, with portrait, $1.50 net. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales, by Nathaniel
Hawthorne, illus. in color by H. Granville Fell,
$2.50—Tales, by Wilhelm Hauff, illus. in color,
$2.50.—Captain Pete in Alaska, by James Cooper
Wheeler, $1.50.—Captain Polly, by Gabrielle E.
Jackson.—Fighting with Fremont, by Everett Mc-
Neill, $1.50.—The Adventures of Tommy Post-office,
by Gabrielle E. Jackson. — Told to the Children
Series, new vols.: Celtic Tales, by Louy Chisholm;
Stories from Shakespeare, second series; each illus.
in color, 50 cts. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Harper's Handy-Book for Girls, edited by Anna
Parmly Paret, illus., $1/(5.—An Explorer's Adven-
tures in Tibet, by A. Henry Savage Landor, illus.,
$1.50.—Little Miss Fales, by Emilia Benson and
Alden Arthur Knipe, with frontispiece in color,
$1.25.—Story-Told Science Series, new vol.: A Holi-
day with the Birds, by Jeannette Marks and Julia
Moody, illus. in color, etc., 75 cts.—The Little
Adventures of Kittie Tipsy-Toe, by Louise Morgan
Sill, illus. in color, etc., 75 cts.—Harper's Athletic
Series, new vol.: Making Good, stories of golf and
other out-door sports, by F. H. Spearman and others,
illus., 60 cts. (Harper & Brothers.)
Four Boys and a Fortune, by Everett T. Tomlinson,
illus., $1.50.—The Boys of Brookfield Academy, by
Warren L. Eldred, illus., $1.50.—John and Betty's
History Visit, by Margaret Williamson, illus.. $1.25.
—Oliver Optic Series, new vols.: Building Himself
Up, Lyon Hart's Heroism, Louis Chadwick's Mis-
sion, Royal Tarr's Pluck, The Professor's Son,
Striving for his Own; each illus., $1. (Lothrop, Lee
& Shepard Co.)
Child's Guide Series, new vols.: A Child's Guide to
Great Cities, northwestern Europe, by Esther Single-
ton; A Child's Guide to Biography, American Men
of Mind, by Burton E. Stevenson; each illus., $1.25
net.—The Owls of St. Ursula's, by Jane Brewster
Reid, illus., $1.25. (Baker & Taylor Co.)
Flutterfly, by Clara Louise Burnham, illus. in color,
75 cts. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)


1910.]
215
THE DIAL
Jacqueline of the Carrier Pigeons, a story of the siege
of Leyden, by Augusta Huiell Seamen, with intro-
duction by William Elliot Griffis, illus. and deco-
rated, $1.25 net.-—An Out-of-Door Diary for Boys
and Girls, a nature note-book for young people, by
Marion Miller, illus. in color, $1.25 net. (Sturgis
& Walton Co.)
The Prince and his Aunts, by Luigi Bertelli, trans, by
Sarah F. Woodruff, edited by V. L. Kellogg, illus.
in color, etc., $1.50 net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
On the Trail of Washington, by Frederick Trevor Hill,
illus. in color, $1.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
When Mother Lets Us Sew, by Virginia Ralston, illus.,
75 cts. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
EDUCATION.
The Cyclopedia of Education, edited by Paul Monroe,
to be complete in 6 vols, Vol. I.-—Attention and In-
terest, by Felix Arnold.-—The Rural School of the
Twentieth Century, by Harold Waldstein Foght,
illus.—Educational Values, by William Chandler
Bagley.—English Spoken and Written, by Henry P.
Emerson, Book III.—Elements of United States
History, by Edward Channing.—Principles of Amer-
ican Government, by Charles A. Beard, $2. net.—■
American Government, by John A. Fairlie.—Agri-
culture for Schools on the Pacific Slope, by E. W.
HilgaTd, illus.—The Building and Care of the Body,
by Columbus N. Millard, illus.—American Govern-
ment, by Roscoe Lewis Ashley, illus. — American
History for Grammar Grades, by Marguerite Stock-
man Dickson, illus.—A First Book in Psychology,
by Mary Whiton Calkins.—Qualitative Analysis, by
Dr. Baskerville and Dr. Cohen.—Alternating Cur-
rents, by D. C. and J. P. Jackson, new edition.-—
Theoretical Principles of the Methods of Analytic
Chemistry, by Chesneau; trans, by Lincoln and
Carnahan.—Laboratory Manual of Physical Geog-
raphy, by P. S. Tarr and O. D. von Engeln.—
Geographical Headers, by James F. Chamberlain
and Arthur H. Chamberlain.-—The American Spell-
ing Book, by William Estabrook Chancellor.—Phys-
ical Chemistry, by Harry C. Jones.—College Alge-
bra, by Davisson.—Trigonometry, by D. A. Both-
rock, $1.40 net.—College Physics, by Beed and
Guthe.—Tacitus' Histories, I. and III., edited by
Frank Moore, 60 cts.—Livy, Book XXI, and Selec-
tions, edited by James C. Egbert. (Macmillan Co.)
Principles of Education, by Frederick E. Bolton, $3.
net.—Selections from Southern Writers, a supple-
mentary reader for use in secondary sehools, by
Bruce R. Crane and Edwin Mims.—Manual Train-
ing for Common Schools, an organized course in
wood-working, by Eldreth G. Allen, edited by Fas-
sett A. Cotton, $1. net.—All around Asia, a geo-
graphical reader, by Jacques W. Redway.—In-Doors
and Out, a nature and dramatic reader for first and
second grades, by Sarah M. Mott and Percival
Chubb.—Little Folks' Handy Book, a new book con-
taining ingenious devices for amusing children, by
Lina and Adelia B. Beard, 75 cts. net.—Primary
Arithmetic, by Charles W. Morey.—Scribner Eng-
lish Classics, new vols.: Shakespeare's Macbeth, Mil-
ton's Shorter Poems, Gaskell's Crawford, Eliot's
Silas Marner, Byron's Select Poems, Solect Essays
of Addison and Steele; each 25 cts. net. (Charles
Scribner's Sons.)
The Elements of English Versification, by James
Wilson Bright.—Reading References for English
History, by Henry Lewin Cannon.-—Classics for
Children, new vol.: The Deerslayor, by James Feni-
more Cooper.—Little Plays for Little People, by
Blanche H. Ray and Marion I. Noyes.—First Course
in Algebra, by Herbert E. HawkeB.—Open Road
Library, new vol.: Page, Esquire, and Knight, by
Marion Florence Lansing.—Goethe's Gotz von Ber-
lichingen mit der eisernen Hand, edited, with intro-
duction and notes, by J. A. C. Hildner.—A Fifth
Roader, by Frances E. Blodgett and Andrew B.
Blodgett.—A Proctical English Grammar for Upper
Grades, by John Tilden Prince.—Progressive Melo-
dies for Sight Singing, by Ralph L. Baldwin.—A
Three-Book Series in Arithmetic, by George Went-
worth and David Eugene Smith.—Oral Arithmetic,
by George Wentworth and David Eugene Smith.
(Ginn & Co.)
The Education of the Child, by Ellen Key, reprinted
from '' The Century of the Child,'' 75 cts. net. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
Number by Development, a method of number instruc-
tion, by John C. Gray, illus., $1. net. (J. B. Lippin-
cott Co.)
The Education of Women, by Marion Talbot. (Uni-
versity of Chicago Press.)
Idols, selected and annotated by Charles Mills Gayley,
50 cts. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Un Bal Manque, a French play for schools, by Jeanne
Charbonnieras.—La Mere de la Marquise, by Ed-
mund About, new edition.—Vingt-Quatre Decembre,
a short story in French by L. D. Ventrua.—French
for Daily Use, by E. P. and R. F. Prentys and I. F.
Richard. — Collot's French-English and English-
French Dictionary. (William R. Jenkins Co.)
How Americans are Governed, by Crittenden Marriott,
school edition, $1. — Travels at Home, by Mark
Twain, edited by Percival Chubb, illus., 50 cts.
(Harper & Brothers.)
Junior History of Rome, by M. A. Hamilton.—A Phys-
iographical Introduction to Geography, by A. J.
Herbertson. (Oxford University Press.)
Barnes' First Year Book, a silhouette reader, by Amy
Kahn, illus., 30 cts. net.—Child Life Composition
Pictures, 30 cts. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
My Friend the Indian, by James McLaughlin, illus.,
$2.50 net.—For the Bride-to-Be, her book, by Mabel
M. Swan, $2. net.—Every-Day Business for Women,
by Mary A. Wilbur, $1.25 net. — Swimming, by
Edwin Tenney Brewster, with frontispiece, $1. net.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
In After Days, by W. D. Howells, Henry James, and
others, with portraits, $1.25 net.—New York Society
on Parade, by Ralph Pulitzer, illus. by Howard
Chandler Christy, $1.20 net. (Harper & Brothers.)
The Book of Easter, with introduction by Bishop
Doane, illus. by George Wharton Edwards.—Day in
Court, or, The Subtle Arts of Great Advocates, by
Francis Wellman.—Who's Who in 1910, an annual
biographical dictionary, $2.50 net. — The States-
man's Year Book, 1910, edited by J. Scott Keltie,
$3. net. (Macmillan Co.)
The Confessions of a Barbarian, by George Sylvester
Viereck, $1.25 net.—The Autobiography of a Clown,
as told to Isaac F. Marcosson, illus.., $1. net.—Our
American Holiday Series, new vol.: Washington's
Birthday, edited by Robert Haven Schauffler, $1.
net.—The Sensitive Child, by Kate Whiting Patch,
75 cts. (Moffat, Yard & Co.')
The American Business Woman, a guide for the in-
vestment, preservation, and accumulation of prop-
erty, by John Howard Cromwell, new edition, re-
vised, $2. net.—Resources, an interpretation of the
well-rounded life, by Stanton Davis Kirkham, $1.25
net.—The Principles of Auction Bridge, with the
latest developments and the laws of the game, by
Badsworth. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Healthful Art of Dancing, by Luther H. Gulick,
illus., $1.40 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)


216
[March 16,
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF SPRING BOOKS —continued.
The English Factories in India, 1630 1633, by W.
Foster.—Principles of the English Law of Contract,
by Sir W. R. Anson, twelfth edition, revised by
M. L. Guyer.—An Etymological Dictionary of the
English Language, by W. W. Skeat, new edition,
revised and enlarged. (Oxford University Press.)
Dogs and All about Them, by Robert Leighton.—Golf
Made Easy, illus.—Plain Needlework and Cutting
Out, by Mrs. J. B. Townsend.—-The Ocklye Cookery
Book, by Eleanor L. Jenkinson. — Easy French
Cookery, by Auguste Mario.—Cooking by Gas, new
edition. (Cassell & Co.)
Airships in Peace and War, by R. P. Hearne, with
introduction by Sir Hiram Maxim, illus., $3.50 net.
(John Lane Co.)
Inns, Ales, and Drinking Customs of Old England, by
F. W. Hackwood, illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net.
(Sturgis & Walton Co.)
The American Public Library, by Arthur E. Bost-
wick, illus., $1.50 net—The Story of Sugar, by G. T.
Surface, illus., $1. net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Skat, principles and illustrative games, by Elizabeth
Wager-Smith, $1.25 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Auction Bridge, by J. B. Elwell. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
Play, games for the kindergarten, playground, school
room, and college, by Emmet Dunn Angell, illus.,
$1.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
Swedish Folk Dances, by Nils W. Berquist, illus.,
$1.50 net. (A. G. Barnes Co.)
Practical Track and Field Athletics, by Ellery H.
• Clark, new and revised edition, $1. (Duffield & Co.)
Gait of American Trotter and Pacer, by Rudolf Jor-
dan, Jr.—Dont's in Bridge, by B. B. Emery. (Will-
iam R. Jenkins Co.)
The Six Great Moments in a Woman's Life, by Emily
Calvin Blake, $1. — The Girl Wanted, by Nixon
Waterman, $1.25. (Forbes & Co.)
Cleaning and Renovating at Home, by E. G. Osman,
75 cts. net. (A. C. McClnrg & Co.)
My Commencement, new edition, with frontispiece in
color by Harrison Fisher, $1.50. (Dodd, Mead
& Co.)
Bible Rhymes for the Not Too Young, by Clara
Beecher Kummins, illus. in color by Oliver Her-
ford, 75 cts. net. (B. W. Dodge & Co.)
The Century Cook Book, by Mary Ronald, new illus-
trated edition, $2.—Parliamentary Law, by Nanette
B. Paul, new edition, 75 cts. (Century Co.)
The Funnybone, by Henry M. Kieffer, 75 cts. (Dodge
Publishing Co.)
365 Vegetable Dishes, a vegetable dish for every day
in the year, decorated, 50 cts. net. (George W.
Jacobs & Co.)
A Simple Explanation of Modern Banking Customs,
by Humphrey Robinson, 25 cts. net. (Small, May-
nard & Co.)
XiiST of New Books.
[The following list, containing 70 titles, includes books
received by This Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Porflrlo Diaz, President of Mexico: The Master Builder or a
Great Commonwealth. By Jose F. Godoy. Illustrated. 8vo.
253 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809-1896: Life Sketches
Written at the Suggestion of his Children. Edited by
Thomas J. McCormack: with preface by R. E. Ronibauer.
In 2 volumes, with photogravure portraits, large 8vo.
Cedar Rapids, la.: Torch Press. $10. net.
Life and Letters of General W. H. L. Wallace. By Isabel
Wallace. Illustrated, 8vo. 231 pages. Chicago: R. R. Don-
nelley & Sons Co. $1.50 net.
Horace Mann, Educator, Patriot, and Reformer: A Study in
Leadership. By George Allen Bubbell. Illustrated. 12mo,
285 pages. Philadelphia: W. F. Fell Co. $1.50.
Stories of Authors, British and American. By Edwin Watts
Chnbb. With portraits, 12mo, 369 pages. Sturgis & Walton
Co. $1.25 net.
HISTORY.
The Last American Frontier. By Frederic Logan Paxon.
Illustrated. 12mo. 402 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Le Japon; Hlstolre et Civilisation. Par le Marquis de la
Mazell&re. Vols. IV. and V.: Le Japon Moderne. 1854-1910.
Each illustrated, 12mo. Paris, France: Plon-Nourrit & (He.
Paper.
GENEBAL LITEBATT7BE.
The Spirit of America. By Henry van Dyke. 12mo. 276
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
With the Professor. By Grant Showerman. l2mo. 360
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50 net.
The Inspiration of Poetry. By George Edward Wood berry.
12mo. 232 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
St. George of Cappadocla, in Legend and History. By
Cornelia Steketee Hulst. Illustrated in color, etc.. large 8vo.
156 pages. London: David Nutt. $3. net.
At the Library Table. By Adrian Hoffman Joline. 8vo, 211
pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50 net.
A Father to his Son: A Letter to an Undergraduate upon
his Entering College. By John D. Swain. 32mo. 22 pages.
New Haven: Yale Publishing Association. 35cts.net.
Was Will Shakespeare a Gentleman f Some Questions
in Shakespeare's Biography Determined. By Samnel A.
Tannenbaum. 8vo,29pages.NewYork: Tenney Press. 50cts.
BOOKS OF VEBSE.
The Comfort of the Hills, and Other Poems. By S. Weir
Mitchell. 16mo, 98 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Many Gods. By Cale Young Rice. 12mo. 109 pages. Double-
day. Page & Co. $1.25 net.
Saint-Gandens : An Ode. and Other Verse. By Robert Under-
wood Johnson. Third edition, 16mo. 810 pages. Century
Co. $1.20 net.
| The Message of Song. By William Grey Maxwell. 12mo.
205 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
Contemporary German Poetry. Selected and translated by
Jethro Bithell. 16mo, 191 pages. London: Walter Scott
Publishing Co.
The Death of Maid MoCrea. By O. C. Aurlnger. 16mo, 66
pages. Richard G. Badger.
Sir Orfeo. Adapted from the Middle English by Edward Eyre
Hunt. 32mo, 32 pages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Co-
operative Society. 50 cts. net.
Beatrioe: A Legend of Our Lady. Translated by Harold de
Wolf Fuller. 32mo. 53 pages. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard
Cooperative Society. 50 cts. net.
FICTION.
The Duke's Price. By Demetra and Kenneth Brown. Illus-
trated in color, 12mo. 292 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.20 net.
Predestined: A Novel of New York Life. By Stephen French
Whitman. 12mo, 463 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Crossways. By Helen Reimensnyder Martin. l2mo, 311
pages. Century Co. $1.50.
Kings in Exile. By Charles G. D. Roberts. Illustrated, 12mo.
299 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Thurston of Orchard Valley. By Harold Bindloss. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 308 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.30 net.
An Apprentice to Truth. By Helen Huntington. 12mo, 405
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Beauty. By Mrs. Wilson Wood row. Illustrated, 12mo.
322 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Isle of Whispers : A Tale of the New England Seas. By
E. Lawrence Dudley. 12mo, 297 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.50.
The Danger Trail. By James Oliver Curwood. Illustrated
in color, 12mo. 306 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Unknown Quantity. By Gertrude Hall. 12mo, 300
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
Theodora's Husband. By Louise Mack. • 12mo, 329 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.50.


1910.]
217
THE DIAL
The Day of Souls. By Charles Tenney Jackson. Illustrated,
12mo. 390 paces. Bobbs-Merrill Co. (1.60.
The Climax. By George C. Jenks. Illustrated In color. 12mo,
834 paces. New York: H. K. Fly Co. $1.50.
Something- about Slnglefoot: Chapters on the Life of an
OHhkosh Man. By John Hicks. 12mo. 437 paces. New York:
Cochrane Publishing Co. $1.60.
A Fool There Was. By Porter Emerson Browne. Illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo, 303 paces. New York: H. K. Fly Co.
$1.60 net.
The Girl from Vermont: The Story of a Vacation School
Teacher. By Marshall Saunders. Illustrated in color, etc..
12mo. 248 pages. Griffith & Rowland Press. $1.26 net.
The Glory of His Country. By Frederick Landis. 12mo,
226 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Cardinal's Fawn: How Florence Set. how Venice
Checked, how the Game Fell Out. By K. L. Montgomery.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 293 paces. A. C. McClurg
A Co. 76 cts.
Hereford: A Story. By M. Dunton Sparrow. Illustrated,
12mo. 183 pages. Richard G. Badger.
Miss Marshall's Boys. By Edward C. Bass. 16mo, 62 pages.
Richard G. Badger.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
In Closed Territory. By Edgar Beecher Branson. Illustrated,
8vo, 299 pages. A. C. McClurc & Co. $1.76 net.
Camera Adventures In the African Wilds: An Account of
a Four Months' Expedition in British East Africa. By A.
Radclyffe Dugmore. Illustrated, 4to, 233 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $6. net.
A Satchel Guide to Europe: A Compact Itinerary of the
British Isles, Belgium and Holland. Germany and the Rhine,
Switzerland, France, Austria, and Italy. By W. J. Rolfe.
Revised edition; with maps, 16mo, 807 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.60 net.
RELIGION.
The Development of Religion: A Study in Anthropology
and Social Psychology. By Irvine Kinc- 8vo, 371 paces.
Macmillan Co. $1.76 net.
The Ethics of Jesus. By Henry Churchill Kinc- 12mo, 293
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
The Religions of Eastern Asia. By Horace Grant Under-
wood. 12mo, 267 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
The Pastor-Preacher. By William A. Quayle. 8vo, 411 pages.
Jennings & Graham. $1.60 net.
The Poet of Galilee. By William Ellery Leonard. 12mo.
159 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
The Facts of Faith. By Charles Edward Smith. 12mo, 90
pages. Sherman, French & Co. 80 cts. net.
A Married Priest. By Albert Houtin; translated by John
Richard Slattery. 12mo, 100 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
70 cts. net.
Belief In a Personal God. By A. v. C. P. Huizlnga. 12mo,
62 pages. Sherman, French & Co. 50 cts. net.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Chats about Astronomy. By H. P. Hoi lis. Illustrated,
12mo. 226 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.26 net.
Indoor Gardening. By Eben E. Rexford. Illustrated in
color, etc.. 8vo. 317 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History.
New volumes: The Birds of the Leeward Islands, Caribbean
Sea, by Charles B. Cory; The Birds of Illinois and Wisconsin,
by Charles B. Cory; A Peculiar Bear from Alaska, by Wilfrid
H. Osgood: Praenuncle Bahamenses, by Charles Frederick
Millspaugh. Each large 8vo. Chicago: Field Museum.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Mai da's Little Shop. By Inez Haynes Gillmore. With
frontispiece. 12mo, 294 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.25.
School Room Echoes. By Mary C. Burke. With portrait,
12mo, 215 pages. Richard G. Badger.
EDUCATION.
Idols of Education. By Charles Mills Gayley. 16mo, 181
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. 60 cts net.
Madame Therese. By Erckmann-Chatrian: edited, with
introduction and notes, by Edward Manley. lBmo, 167 pages.
"Heath's Modern Language Series." D. C. Heath & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Manet and the French Impressionists: Pissarro. Claude
Monet, Sisley, Renoir, Mori sot. Cezanne, and Guillaumin.
By Theodore Duret; translated by J. E.Crawford Flitch.
Illustrated with etchings, wood engravings, etc., large8vo,
277 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.76 net.
Day In Court: or. The Subtle Arts of Great Advocates. By
Francis L. Wellman. Large 8vo, 267 pages. Macmillan Co.
$2. net.
A Handbook !of United States Public Documents. By
Elfrida Everhart. Large 8vo, 320 pages. Minneapolis:
H. W. Wilson Co. $2.50 net.
Physical Training for Boys, and a Word or Two for their
Parents. By Charles Keen Taylor. Illustrated, 8vo, 40
pages. Germantown, Pa.: Staton Brothers. $1. net.
John the Unafraid. lBmo. 128 pages. A. C. McClurg &'.Co.
tl.net.
The Moral Life: A Study in Genetic Ethics. By Arthur Ernest
Davies. Large 8vo, 187 pages. "Library of Genetic Science
and Philosophy." Baltimore: Review Publishing Co.
Panama and the Canal. By Alfred B. Hall and Clarence L.
Chester. Illustrated, 12mo, 236 pages. New York: Newson
& Co. 75 cts. net.
University of Miohigan Studies. Volumes III. and IV.:
The Usage of Idem, Ipte, and Words of Related Meaning,
by Clarence L. Meader; The Myth of Hercules at Rome, by
John Garrett Winter. Each8vo. Macmillan Co.
F. M. HOLLY
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218
[March 16,
THE DIAL.
Some Unusual Bargains
Valuable English BOOKS at One-Half to
One-Fourth of original published prices.
The Lover's Lexicon: A Handbook for Novelists, Play-
wrights, Philosophers, and Minor Poets; but espe-
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Diverting discussions by a prominent English writer,
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to the art of love. 12mo, 319 pages. London: Mac-
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Brave Translunary Things: Selections from the Works
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pages. "The Elizabethan Library." London: Elliott
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Selected Poems of Abraham Cowley. Edited by Kathe-
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The Novel Books. Comprising: The Maxims of Napo-
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The Vision and Creed of Piers Ploughman. Edited,
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The Poetical Works of William Blake. Edited and
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The Songs of Experience. By William Blake. An at-
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The Poetry of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by
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Work of Thomas Campion: Songs and Masques, with
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BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE
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QUALITY
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A MONG other sensible remarks, a
writer in "The American Printer"
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"A short time ago I read the claims of a
newspaper business manager who was talking big
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And so he would if they were all ducks. But if
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Circulation does n't mean much. It's the canvas-
backs in the flock that count, — in other words,
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that the book publisher must consider. What's
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL (founded in 18S0) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3,1879.
No. 571. APRIL 1, 1910. Vol. XLVIII.
Contents.
PAGE
THE BANKRUPTCY OF LITERATURE . . .227
BERNARD SHAW IN FRANCE. Lewis Nathaniel
Chase 229
CASUAL COMMENT 233
Mr. Sanborn as bis own publisher.— "The greatest
physicist in America."— The king of cartoonists at
ninety.—A difficult task in manuscript-deciphering.
— The need of a neutral pronoun. — The Mankato
Public Library. — The rapid growth of the English
language. — Librarian Lummis's resignation. — A
renewal of the fight for Greek at Oxford. — A
periodical relapse. — A grain of Shakespeari