e psycho- logical moment," now conceded to be a blundering translation, or application, of the German das psy- ohologische moment (that is, the psychological mo- mentum, or impulse). It is probable, however, that in defiance of logic "the psychological moment," like " the personal equation," will continue to enjoy an undeserved reputation for peculiar aptness and force. The metrical instinct, the impulse to express oneself in verse rather than in prose, is almost a primitive instinct, manifesting itself in all literatures before the development of a prose style. It is natural, therefore, that many of the crude attempts, both printed and unprinted, of ambitious young people to achieve the dignity of authorship should take (or endeavor to take) metrical form. But the reader of these zealous efforts must often wonder what the writers' notions of rhyme and metre really are, or whether they consciously possess any such notions. The Sunday issue of a metropolitan news- paper which is indulgent toward embryonic poets lately printed on a single page ten of these amateur effusions in verse — or in what bore the outward appearance of verse. The first of them, under the promising title, "Glorified by Love," canters along briskly for a line or two, then abruptly halts, then breaks into a walk, alternating gaits in a bone- shaking fashion throughout. The first line runs, not unglibly: "Today as I was passing through the busy scenes of town"—a good, swinging metre; but before the end of the second line is reached (" I saw an humble mendicant, crouching, head bowed down") the rhythm disappointingly halts, though the rhyme is irreproachable. A little further on, however, the poet suffers ignominious defeat in both particulars. A sufficiently fluent line, " But as I stood condemned, yet weak, unable to give help," is thus feebly supported: "Two brothers stalked across my path — they in duty forgot self." Do verse-endings such as these, we wonder, answer each other's call for help — in the writer's mind? It is an amusing study, that page of would-be poetry by contemporary authors not yet famous, and it dis- plays prodigious zeal, whatever its deficiency of knowledge. The finality of first impressions in the book- world, commercially considered, is a rule proved by some conspicuous exceptions. Edward FitzGerald's "Omar" languished in the market for years, with almost no sales, and had suffered the indignity of being marked down to a penny in the London book- stalls when a discerning eye caught sight of it, and an appreciative word gave it a wide vogue. Lew Wallace's "Ben-Hur" did not at first find popular favor, only twenty-five hundred copies being sold in two years. Then the tide turned, for some reason, in its favor, and it made a record for large sales. The appearance of Mr. Hall Gaine's pamphlet, "Why I Wrote ' The White Prophet,'" after it had become painfully evident that book-buyers were not jostling one another to secure copies of the Manxman's new novel, moves one to doubt whether the author has acted with either professional dig- nity or commercial wisdom. Qui s'excuse s'accuse. If the novel shows deficient vitality on the market, no amount of explanation why it should be ac- counted a memorable production will breathe into it the breath of life. The best-housed amateur journal in the world may safely be pronounced to be the "Har- vard Lampoon," which has just moved into its new forty-thousand-dollar building at the corner of Mt. Auburn and Bow streets, the dedication of which was celebrated with a grand gathering of former "Lampoon " editors and other dignitaries, including Professor Barrett Wendell, also an ex-Lampoonist, who addressed the assembly informally. The "Lampoon " dates from 1876; and it is one of its founders, Mr. Edmund M. Wheelwright, of the class of '76 and now practising architecture in Boston, who designed and supervised the erection of the new building. Foreign countries have been drawn upon for ornamental finishings to the handsome interior — including rare and costly furniture from Holland, an Elizabethan mantelpiece from England, leaded glass windows from Belgium, and tiles from Delft. Material comfort and aesthetic satisfaction have both been kept in mind in fitting up these quarters for future generations of Lampoonists. Long may this piquant representative of college wit live to excite the mirth of its readers! The shifting sands of orthoepy are so very unstable that it might almost be questioned whether there is, after all, any such science. The other day in London a lecturer before the Elizabethan Society dwelt on the not universally understood fact that our 142 [March 1, THE DIAL pronunciation is changing so rapidly that, were Shake- speare now alive, he would probably be unable to understand one of his own plays as presented on the modern stage. In illustration of this ceaseless change — a change that reveals itself in the rhymed verses of our poets of various periods—the lecturer adduced the word "time," whose pronunciation in Chaucer's day he represented by the spelling " teem," in Shake- speare's by the spelling " tame," and in modern cock- ney by "toime." Instruction in English at school tends to hold cockneyisms in check, and acts un- doubtedly as a beneficent hindrance to all erratic tendencies in pronounciation. But no living lan- guage will ever crystallize into rigid and changeless forms, whether in grammar or spelling or mode of utterance. Hence the folly of hoping for a perman- ently satisfactory scheme of phonetic spelling. • • • A library for printers, erected by printers, is a sort of standing refutation of the time-honored saying that the shoemaker's children go barefoot and the tailor's family dresses in rags. The Printers' Home at Colorado Springs, founded and maintained by the Union Printers of America, has just made a $30,000 addition to its fine buildings, in the shape of a library to house its excellent collection of books, about 11,000 in number. It is proposed to make it eventually far more attractive and home-like than the usual public library. The main building of the Printers' Home was dedicated in 1892, and the property, including extensive subsequent additions, is now valued at a million dollars. COMM UNICA TIONS. THE "BEST SELLER" AND THE GENTEEL ATMOSPHERE. (To the Editor of Thb Dial.) When will there arise an author of popular fiction courageous enough to come forward and reveal his formula? It is quite patent on the very cover of every successful novel, and so unvarying that it is with diffi- culty one distinguishes a season's books apart; yet the writers wink at each other, so to speak, and seem to imagine it a secure professional secret. One might have looked for some such disclosure among "The Confessions of a Best Seller" in a recent number of "The Atlantic "; butwhoeverdid so was disappointed. This anonymous author, like the rest of his craft, would have us believe that the " best seller " sells because of its absorbing plot interest. It must be a tale of incident, he tells us, which by reason of its plunging melodrama— lost messages, fights on the stairs, etc. — can give the tired business man an evening of self-forgetfulness. What a slanderous absurdity! This may be the com- pelling force in paper-covered " Diamond Dicks," but the " Atlantic " contributor describes his novels as sell- ing at a dollar and eighteen cents; and to accuse popular fiction at this price of real plot interest, is calumny. As if the American people were of so purposeless and extrav- agant a temperament that they would pay millions of dollars a year merely to be entertained! No, we are of more serious stock; and the people who buy new books— not tired business men, but women mostly — are after something more than a good story, and are willing to pay for it; and that something is — the genteel atmo- sphere. The genteel atmosphere! Who ever saw a "best seller" with a suggestion of anything so vulgar as pov- erty, — with a heroine who makes her own shirt-waists, and a hero noble and handsome but a little short of money! How disgusting! Such books have been written, it is true, and have taken a high rank in literature; but they are not used for window displays in the depart- ment stores of our time. No, the love scenes in your popular novel must take place in a gondola in Venice, and there must be a familiarity with expensive cafe's, and rare curios, and Italian phrases; and by all means let there be no mention of locomotion other than in automobiles — at least until aeroplanes become more plausible. Why is all this? It is self-evident. We cannot all go to Europe, or keep a coachman; and hence — the "best seller." One must somehow acquire the genteel atmosphere. But it may be objected that books which reproduce aristocratic society most faithfully are often not popu- lar; and again, the atmosphere of the successful novel is frequently not one of gentility at all. People of good breeding do not act and talk as these characters do. True; and I have used the term merely in a technical sense. For the genteel atmosphere of the "best seller" is a thing by itself, whose actual counterpart does not exist in heaven or on earth. Yet it is in the creation of this atmosphere that the author proves himself, not a clever story-teller only, but a genius. Such a book is based upon psychology, not fact. Its requisites are two: first, that the setting be unquestionably fashion- able; second, that the characters be dressed in all the trappings and suits of affluence, but underneath they shall be not such people as one really finds in well-bred society, but — the readers themselves. Otherwise your genteel atmosphere will be dull and incomprehensible to the bulk of your audience. What we, the buyers of " best sellers," want is not to stand and stare at an alien and to us stupid group of men and women. We want to have the rosy Utopia of wealth and ease presented in such a way that we can feel it — can imagine ourselves in the midst of it and a part of it. And to this end it is absolutely essential that the characters be at bottom very like ourselves. We want to be lifted gently, so that we do not feel the jar, from our vulgarly crowded street-car bench to the luxu- rious motor-car on its tour through France. We do not want to stand on the bank and watch the gondola, but to be in it ourselves, — to have the people there say and do the things that we imagine we should say and do if we found ourselves in a gondola. When your neighbor presses upon you the latest book, her enthusiastic recommendation is sure to be accom- panied by the apology, "There is n't much to the story, you know; it's the way it is told." Of course it is. Away with your claims of plot interest! And by "the way it is told " she means that she has wiped the dish- water from her hands — not knowing that there may be more real gentility in dishwater than in a bunch of orchids — and has sat down to a delicious hour of " good society." She has covertly made note of carelessly dropped references to the opera and to out-of-the-way spots in Switzerland (they may embellish her conversa- tion later), and has laughed with the author over the inappropriateness of a hostess serving Burgundy with 1910.] 143 THE DIAL fish. She — the reader — never serves Burgundy with anything; but the author does not suspect that. For indeed the best part of it all is the delightful way in which he takes you into his confidence and chats non- chalantly about elegant things, — never being so com- monplace as to suggest that you know there are people who do not ride in automobiles and go to Europe every year. Oh, it is exquisite, this bath of gentility; and the thing that makes it so is the fact that your neighbor really feels herself a part of it, — because the heroine is, after all, just such a person as she herself might be with the addition of a Worth gown to her wardrobe, a title to her name, and a few French phrases to her vocabulary. The author who can make this delicate connection most adroitly is the one who gets the most money for his books; he who can reduce the life of "smart" society just to the plane where it will touch the imagi- nation of the uninitiated while still floating tantalizingly above their reach. After all, is it such a mean service? It affords a deal of comfort in a cold and unfair world; and if the instinct to imitate one's betters is snobbish and Philistine, so are some of the instincts on the part of the betters themselves. But thus it is that we have books sparkling with unbelievably trite quotations, and repartee that would cause nausea in a half-way good conversationalist; this is why we have duchesses flirting in a manner that would be charming in a shop-girl, and bishops (figura- tively speaking) with their hats on one side of their heads. This is why it is, in short, that the windows of our department stores are full of " best sellers " decor- ated with a portrait of the heiress in an evening gown — neat little packages of genteel atmosphere at a dollar and eighteen cents, and cheap at the price; and why our popular novelist pockets his prodigious royalties for being, not a story-writer, but a shrewd psychologist. Prudence Pratt McConn. Urbana, Illinois, February 25, 1910. A REPRODUCTION OF THE CAEDMON MS. (To the Editor of The Dial.) Professor John M. Manly, during his recent visit to England, made arrangements with the Oxford University Press for the reproduction in facsimile of the Caedmon manucript in the Bodleian Library. The manuscript consists of 260 large pages, and is of especial interest, not only on account of the importance of the text and the very remarkable illustrations, but because of the system of metrical points, which cannot be studied to advantage without exact reproduction. The University Press have agreed to issue a collotype to subscribers at five guineas net; only one hundred copies will be pub- lished, and it is likely that the reproduction will increase in value with the lapse of time. In cooperation with Professor Manly and Professor G. L. Kittredge, I brought the undertaking before the Modern Language Association of America at the East- ern meeting at Cornell University; a resolution was unanimously passed commending the enterprise to American scholars and university libraries, and request- ing the Committee on the Reproduction of Early Texts to make preliminary arrangements for publication. In accordance with this resolution, I am now issuing a circular with a form of subscription attached, which I shall be glad to send to anyone interested. Applica- tions will be filed in the order in which they are received, and the subscription list will be closed as soon as one hundred names are registered. Although no general appeal has yet been made, I have already between twenty and thirty names on the subscription list. J. W. Cunliffe, Chairman of the Committee. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., February 19, 1910. A QUESTION OF TYPOGRAPHY. (To the Editor of The Dial.) I have often felt a vague dissatisfaction at reaching the end of a page of poetry and finding nothing to indi- cate whether the last line on the page was the conclud- ing line of a stanza or the stanza was carried over to the next page. The feeling ceased to be a vague one the other day, when, reading a narrative poem with blank-verse stanzas of different lengths, I found the meaning obscured by uncertainty as to whether the completion of the page coincided with the completion of a thought, or the same stanza was continued when I turned the page. The current practice is unpleasant; if, as I have discovered, it may at times be confusing, why should not a different one be adopted? It has occurred to me that a sufficient distinction is made by leaving the earlier page one or two lines shorter when the stanza is completed there, and by beginning a new stanza the same number of lines lower on the following page. This arrangement would be especially clear in books that are printed with marginal lines enclosing the text. An artist friend suggests that such pages are hopelessly inartistic; but I am unable to see why the addition of this irregularity to the unequal length of line, and the prevalent practice of allowing stanzas to come differently on opposite pages, will detract from the appearance of the book. Perhaps a more effective contrivance would be the placing of a conventional symbol at the end of each stanza. We are not satisfied with a double space at the end of a sentence, but use a period. We distinguish broken words from completed words at the end of a line by a hyphen. We should in the same way find some means of distinguishing a broken stanza from a completed one at the end of a page. Roy Temple House. Wealherford, Oklahoma, February SS, 1910. A LIBRARY LIST OF THE BEST NOVELS. (To the Editor of The Dial.) A list of a hundred of the best novels, representing the selections of prominent authors and other distinguished persons, rather than of an individual, should be of value to many readers of The Dial, especially librarians, who are eternally beset by the problem of what books to buy. Such a list has been prepared and published by the Warrensburg (Mo.) Library, after many months of study and deliberation. It represents advice and suggestions from Winston Churchill, William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, William Allen White, Ralph Connor, Rudyard Kipling, James Lane Allen, and others who kindly assisted in its preparation. I believe this is the only fiction list yet published, representing, in a systematic way, a consensus of opinion from high authorities. The list is published in a neat booklet, by the Warrensburg Library, and will be mailed to anyone sending fifteen cents for it. Mrs. R. L. Webb. Warrensburg, Missouri, February SO, 1910. 144 [March 1, THE DIAL &{rt ileto §Whs. Fifteen Years ok Diplomatic Ijife.* The names Bunsen and Waddington are familiar to those versed in the history of Euro- pean diplomacy, and they are far from unfamiliar in the world of learning and literature. Madame Charles de Bunsen, whose recollections of her early public life have just been published under the title "In Three Legations," is by birth a Waddington — being, in fact, the sister of the late William Henry Waddington, scholar and writer as well as diplomat and statesman; and her husband, Carl von Bunsen, for years in the Prussian diplomatic service, was the son of the famous Baron von Bunsen, whose varied learn- ing, contributions to philology and history, and distinguished services as representative of his country at various courts, are not yet quite for- gotten. In Madame Waddington's two excellent volumes of reminiscences, which were reviewed in these pages at the time of their publication, the Bunsens are frequently mentioned; and so the way has been paved, if it needed paving, for these retrospections of her sister-in-law. The book is made up of extracts from letters "written on the spot " and needing no assurance on the writer's part that they are spontaneous, sincere, and the genuine records of passing im- pressions. A small part of the correspondence has appeared in " Harper's Magazine," but all the rest is new. The "three legations " referred to in the title are the Prussian Legations at Turin, at Florence (when in 1864 the Tuscan city superseded her Piedmontese sister as capital of the growing Italian kingdom), and at The Hague; and the time covered is from 1857 to 1872. At Turin, Bunsen was Secretary of Legation, at Florence Conseiller de Legation, and at The Hague he acted as Minister in the temporary absence of Count Perponcher. It was an eventful period in European history, covering three memorable wars and witnessing considerable changes in the geography and the political constitution of several countries. "Curiously enough," says the author in her preface, "in each of our ' Three Legations' we lived through the experience of a war, and.were present at a royal marriage." Actual attendance at these nuptials, however, is recorded in only one instance, that of the union of the Prince of Wied with Princess Marie of the Netherlands, * Ln Three Leoations. By Madame Charles de Bunsen. With 49 illustrations. New York: Charles Seribner's Sons. in the summer of 1871, at The Hague. Of the other two weddings, that of Princess Marie Pia of Savoy and King Louis of Portugal, and the marriage of Prince Umberto to Margherita of Savoy, the writer gives short and second-hand accounts. The three wars were the brief clash between Austria on one side and Italy and France on the other, in 1859; the short war of 1866, which freed Venice from Austrian rule and greatly increased the might and prestige of Prussia; and the Franco-German war of 1870. Madame de Bunsen's pages fairly bristle with the names of royalties and other hohe Herr8chqften, as was to to be expected. A glimpse of Cavour at one of his receptions is obtained on an early page. "Cavour was doing the honors very amiably in a much embroidered coat. His round good-natured face and spectacles, as well as his short stout figure, always seem to me slightly disappointing. It does not answer, somehow, to one's idea of a great Italian statesman. He always makes me most gracious bows, however, whenever I meet him in the street, which I do fre- quently, as we do not live far from the Palais Cavour." The King (Victor Emanuel II.) she describes as rather fierce in appearance, and not hand- some, though better-looking than his portraits; and she pays high tribute to his bravery in the war with Austria. "The King exposes himself dreadfully," she writes. "His entourage say it is just like the time of Charles Albert, only that the latter used to take his whole etat major with him, and Victor Emanuel only has a few officers." The following, written at Turin in the spring of 1861, gives an interesting picture of Garibaldi and other leaders of Italy. "I went to the famous sitting of the Chambers Satur- day last [when the question of incorporating Garibaldi's volunteers with the regular army was animatedly dis- cussed], stood for four hours, saw and heard Garibaldi, Ricasoli, Cavour, Bixio, Crispi, etc. . . . Soon Garibaldi came in, leaning on two friends, who sat down after- wards one on each side of him. He suffers from rheu- matism, and is very lame. As you know, it was the first time he took his seat in the Chamber, and he was received with great applause, all the deputies rising. He is exactly like his portraits, with fine, regular fea- tures, which tell well at a distance. He was dressed in a red shirt, of course, over which he had a grey cloak falling in picturesque folds; his whole appearance was somewhat theatrical. . . . He has a splendid voice, which filled the whole chamber, and speaks slowly, but not without eloquence. He did not get on far, however, before the excitement began, and when he came to the guerra fralricida, Cavour jumped up as if he was stung, and, thumping on the green table at which the Ministers sit, declared that such language he could not and would not hear! Whereupon Garibaldi repeated the expression over again. The effect was tremendous; all the deputies left their seats, crowding down to the centre, all talk- 1910.] 145 THE DIAL, ing, screaming, and gesticulating at once. The public tribunes, which were full of red shirts, applauded. The President put on his hat. Such a scene I had never witnessed." Among the writer's noteworthy experiences at Turin was a visit to the Royal Library, where the public reading-room was well filled with readers and the atmosphere correspondingly rich in carbonic acid; accordingly the obsequious Prefetto invited his distinguished visitors into the private reading-room and laid before them all sorts of manuscript treasures and a splendid copy of Dante illustrated by Dore-. . More than that, a priceless old book of designs for point lace, dated 1587, was placed in Madame's bands, and she was allowed to take it home with her, coupled with the assurance that the library books were honored by her perusal, that the University was too happy to be agreeable to her, and more in the same strain of overdone politeness. From the writer's account of her life at Florence, extending from 1864 to 1869, we quote a paragraph from a letter written in the eventful but anxious summer of 1866. "The news of the last great Prussian victory (Sa- dowa) has arrived. The Legation is all imbandierata (beflagged), the Sindaco of Florence came to congratu- late officially, and . . . C. had to receive him. All our gentlemen were 'walking on their heads with joy '— at least that was Mme. d'Usedom's description of them when she came in the afternoon. In the evening we went up to Villa Capponi, where many people had come to congratulate, and where all was very festive. It is pathetic to hear the people about us inquiring as the news of one Prussian victory after another comes, 'Non c'e niente per noi?' (Is there nothing for us ?) Poor things, they have given all so freely — their blood, their money, and their lives. It is heartrending to think it should all have been of so little avail, and that the honourable defeat at Custozza is the only result." Life at The Hague was apparently less lively for the Bunsens than in the cities of sunny Italy. At one time, when all the men were gone to the frontier, as the author says, to guard the neutrality, it was especially unstimulating to the ladies. Relations with the French Legation were of course (in 1870) a little strained. "We do not visit," writes Madame de Bunsen, "but we bow and shake hands, and even speak occa- sionally." The royal wedding of the following summer must have been an agreeable distrac- tion, though the absurdly long and solemn wed- ding sermon was a weariness. Among other details we read: "The ladies who bore the train, as generally all the women present, were dressed in shades of lilac, and the whole effect was soft and pretty. The service com- menced by singing, and then the clergyman of Wasse- naar . . . began an address from the pulpit. It is a very high one in Dutch fashion, with an immense sounding-board which seemed almost to extinguish him. I hardly understood a word, I am sorry to say, except every now and then the name of Nassau Oranien. He was fearfully long, moreover, more than half an hour by the clock over the organ opposite him, and, as we heard afterwards, made many sad allusions to the recent death of the bride's mother. He was quite in the wrong, for the programme said explicitly 'en korte trourede' (a short nuptial address). The Princess Marie grew paler and paler, the King fidgeted and spoke to the Queen, who shrugged her shoulders. Prince Frederick turned to the Hof-Marschall, Count Lim- burg Stirum, who stood behind him, and evidently told him it was too long. Limburg Stirum gesticulated and tried to catch the preacher's eye. He signalled to the chambellan on the other side, and tbey both took out their watches and held them up, but all was of no avail. Secure in his serene attitude, his < Welerwaarden ' went ever on, one high-sounding phrase succeeding another in a sort of cantilena, with Nassau Oranien, and Luise Henriette, the great Kurfiirstin, as the burthen of his song." The narrative closes with the retirement of the writer's husband from the diplomatic ser- vice, in July, 1872, and the Bunsens' withdrawal to their estate of Mein Geniigen in the Rhein- land. Madame de Bunsen has, with her pleasant and well-written volume, enrolled herself among the clever and interesting diplomats' wives who, from the day of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu down to our own time, have brightly and briskly pictured the scenes of diplomatic life in the gay capitals of the Old World. She shows, for a French-born person, or for an English woman either, an admirable command of simple and effective English; in fact, most of the slips noticeable in her pages are, curiously enough, in her own French, which is introduced for a phrase or two now and then. For example, she makes the crowd cry "Vive les Francais!" when the French troops enter Turin — as if any such violation of grammar could be detected by the ear. Her very first page has a slight error of chronology, 1858 being put instead of 1857 as the year of her arrival at Turin. The por- traits in the volume are many, and, being chiefly of celebrities whom she met, are well worthy of insertion. There are also various other illus- trations. It is, on the whole, as agreeable a book of the sort as has appeared since her sister-in-law, Madame Waddington, entertained us with her graphic descriptions of official life at the courts of St. Petersburg and London. Percy F. Bicknell. 146 [March 1, THE DIAL A New Narrative of the American Revolution.* The fifth and sixth volumes of Mr. Avery's most interesting " History of the United States and Its People " are now before the public; and although their general merit alone must have commended them to its attention, certain fea- tures call for especial emphasis. The volumes cover the Pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary epochs, and furnish, on the whole, a really excellent account of the contest between Great Britain and her thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies. They show how the basis of the con- test lay in the reassertion of royal prerogative, in the adherence to worn-out political contri- vances, and more than all else in the adoption of an imperial policy by the British government. In certain respects, however, they are a trifle disappointing; for they lay no great stress — as to be up to date they should—upon the essen- tially civil-war nature of the struggle, or upon the fact that other British colonies had their influence upon events as well as those that were primarily English in origin. Moreover, they ignore the great subject of parliamentary development in England, place undue weight upon such controverted matters as the projected introduction of episcopacy into New England, and quite frequently lose sight of salient facts and principles in an unworthy attempt to bring places, incidents, and persons, obscure and unim- portant, into strong relief. This last-mentioned feature is all the more deplorable because, unfor- tunately for our national dignity, there is already too much of that sort of thing in America — too much of a tendency to exaggerate, for purely family reasons, the little doings of little men. A word or two should be said here about the illustrative material of Mr. Avery's work. Here- tofore this has been good, sometimes pointedly so. But in these later volumes author and publishers have seen fit to intersperse, among things of great value, things intrinsically valueless and foolishly expensive,—as, for instance, coats-of- arms, pictures of buildings now easily accessible to view on the souvenir post-card, and odds and ends of things that can be found in abundance in "Headquarters," in " Mansions," and in the museums of State historical societies. As a matter of principle and of respect for tradition, the greatest objection is to be made to the inser- • A History of the United States and its People. By Elroy McKendree Avery. Volume V., The Colonies: 1764-177o; The Revolution to the Declaration of Independ- ence. Volume VI., The Revolution, 1775-1783; The Confeder- ation, 1784-1787. Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co. tion of coats-of-arms. We have thirteen of them in these two volumes. Now heraldic devices of all sorts belong to medisevalism. They have no place in American history. They are radically un-American, and the ideas underlying them are opposed to everything that is fundamental, and even sacred, in the origin of this government. Especially do they seem out of place in a history of the American Revolution, in a book that, in grandiloquent phrase, tells the story of a supreme struggle for individualism. Family pride in heroic deed, in intellectual achievement, or in nobility of character, is one thing; that in priority of emi- gration or of descent, in the face of uncertain and incomplete records, to say nothing of fraud and of distraint of knighthood, is quite another. Among the really valuable, or at least inter- esting, illustrations are various handbills, broad- sides, and portraits, plans of battles and for- tifications, caricatures, the French map of the United States in 1778, the map of the proposed new States in the West, maps bearing upon boundary disputes, and maps depicting military movements. All these are eminently appro- priate in a sober historical work, as is also the Plat of the Seven Ranges of Townships in the Ohio Survey of 1785-1787. There are a few places where remarks have been based upon, or may lead to, misconcep- tions. Take for example the words on page 196 of Volume V., relative to the Massachusetts Judiciary Act. Remembering, as we must, that the Act was intended to protect from injustice revenue collectors and the like who might hap- pen to get into trouble when in discharge of their duties, we are puzzled to know how a change of venue would necessarily mean convic- tion. Again, on page 198, in dealing with the Quebec Act, the author ought to have made his readers understand that Great Britain, in recog- nizing the Roman Catholic religion among the French inhabitants of Canada, was acting in strict accordance with a treaty stipulation. The laudatory remarks on pages 239 and 240 are decidedly misleading, inasmuch as no original text of Patrick Henry's speech exists, and our only knowledge of it rests upon what his biogra- pher did years afterwards when he put together passages that certain old men thought they re- membered the famous Virginian to have uttered. The bibliographies of the fifth and sixth vol- umes are full and well-selected. There are, however, a few regrettable omissions and a few unnecessary inclusions. Mrs. Gadsby's article on "The Harford County Declaration of Inde- pendence" is worthless historically, and may do 1910.] 147 THE DIAL positive harm if recommended along with the scholarly works of Friedenwald, Van Tyne, and many others of high rank. To speak of a local intention to carry out the object of the Associa- tion, which was virtually non-commercial inter- course with Great Britain, as a declaration of independence, shows a lamentable ignorance of historical situations, and is as absurd as to speak of the secession of Jones County, Mississippi, just prior to the Civil War. Generally, how- ever, Mr. Avery has indicated the historical value of a certain book in a few well-chosen remarks. Sometimes he has, most conveniently for the investigator, grouped the various authori- ties on a particular subject, and sometimes he has both grouped and compared them. Among subjects that have received remark- ably judicious handling from Mr. Avery are the treatment of prisoners of war and the treatment of the loyalists; also the participation of the negro in the Revolution. One might wish that some other side than the military had been em- phasized; but Mr. Avery chose to follow the beaten track, and we have yet to wait for some work based upon investigations into the sociolog- ical and economic conditions that accompanied or resulted from the struggle for independence. We are glad to have so able a discussion as Mr. Avery has given us of the early westward move- ment, of the national embarrassments under the Articles of Confederation, and of the perplex- ities that confronted the framers of the new Con- stitution. Altogether, he has given us a highly creditable piece of historical work; and we can frankly say that the points for adverse criti- cism, quite serious though they are, are almost obscured by the very number and magnitude of those deserving commendation. We can also repeat that the publication as a whole promises to supply a long-felt want. It can be perused with profit by both the professional historian and the ordinary reader; for in suggestiveness, in general accuracy, and in broadness of view, its rank is un- questionably high. Annie Heloise Abel. A Gifted Degenerate." As an intimate account of a man of genius written by a life-long friend, M. Edmond Lepelletier's biography of Paul Verlaine will always have a certain value. But it is far from being the ideal biography or critical study. Its chatty frankness, its lack of reserve, and its * Paul Verlaine: His Life — His Work. By Edmond Lepelletier. Translated by E. M. Lang. Illustrated. New York: Duffield & Co. illumination of some of the dark corners of the poet's strange, sordid, tragic career, constitute the main claims of the book on our suffrance. In one way, it is a very peculiar work. Avowedly written by a sympathetic comrade in- spired by the motive of vindicating Verlaine and setting him in a better light than have the more or less apocryphal stories circulated before and since his death, it manages to leave a picture of this child of the Parisian gutter more disgusting than was in the imagination before. So vivid is this impression that at times one almost won- ders if the author's purpose be not, under the guise of friendship, to paint his subject in the darkest colors. Yet in reading the words of M. Lepelletier at Verlaine's funeral, one cannot but believe that this is an untenable assumption; that his subject, rather, was too much for him; so that, somewhat naively, he damns where he would fain praise. There is something terrible in the spectacle of a friend exposing, with good intentions, the essential evil behavior of one of the world's most gifted degenerates. A dipsomaniac, a lecher, a liar, a prison-bird, and a megalomaniac, — these be hard terms; yet, to be truthful, they apply to this man who has written some of the most musical and most subtly spiritual poetry in the whole range of French song. The plain fact is, that Paul Ver- laine was untrustworthy in all the fundamental relations of life: to friends, to wife, to mother, — even to his art, since a portion of his writings is a foul libel upon it. That this biographer can eulogize him as much as he does, implies a questionable standard quite as much as it does the bias of friendship. The attempt to white- wash Verlaine's relation to that other poet- degenerate, Arthur Rimbaud, is not particularly convincing, although the reader will be glad enough to give such a man as Verlaine the benefit of any doubt in his favor. One is glad, too, freely to acknowledge that in certain parts of his passion-tossed existence something better was aroused in him and a higher nature spoke; as where, in the enforced regimen of a jail, some of his finest religious verse was produced; or when he lived quietly in rural England or France as a school-teacher, and made a good impression on those who met him, because he was removed from the vicious city haunts which always dragged him down. But there was never real reform, essential regeneration; as the biogra- pher admits, Verlaine's conversion was always "literary." The work (which, by the way, is but indif- ferently Englished) has considerable interest in 148 [March 1, THE DIAL its pictures of the literary and art life of Paris during the last generation and down to the present: for example, the group of poets known as the Parnassians, of whom were both Verlaine and his biographer, and the Symbolists who followed, are described with piquant particu- larity. The study is also rich in pictorial ma- terial, including some interesting presentments of the satyr-poet from the age of two till he lay dead in a wretched garret; as well as members of his family and the author of the book. But when all is said, one can but come back in sad wonderment to the poet's own words: "Let Lepelletier defend my reputation. He is able to clear what will soon be my memory. I rely upon him to make me known as I was in reality, when I am no longer here." Alas, that a friend could do no more! Alas, that Verlaine could not have assisted him by furnishing a better life-story! Richard Bubton. The Return of the Bourbons.* The period of the Restoration is a somewhat thankless field for investigation, both absolutely aud relatively. There is no epoch of history more stirring and fascinating than the Napole- onic era that preceded; and it would be difficult to compress into sixteen years more of sordid- ness, triviality, and utterly unromantic blunder- ing, than are illustrated by the history of France from 1814 to 1830. It is like foul, dull realism, after romance; Zola, after Victor Hugo. Major Hall suffers no illusions as to the char- acter and calibre of the men whose mistakes and misdeeds he is relating. His narrative is as inno- cent of hero as is " Vanity Fair " — unless the hero be Wellington, whose motives and whose discretion are alike above question, and who showed himself through the period a better friend to France than the majority of her own children. A list of official blunders during the reigns of Louis XVIII. and Charles X. would make a remarkable catalogue. Louis, on his way to Paris, in 1814, to occupy the throne which Napoleon had just abdicated, was met at Com- piegne by the Tsar of Russia. Filled with that astounding confidence in his divine mission and his personal importance which was part of his very being, Louis walked in to dinner in front of the dumbfounded monarch who had probably done more to restore him than any other other crowned head in Europe. Strange to say, this • The Bourbon Restoration. By Major John Hall. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. manoeuvre did not make the slighted guest his mortal enemy,—as did a somewhat similar indis- cretion, the snubbing of Madame Ney by the Duchesse d'Angouleme, which slight is said to have been largely responsible for Ney's desertion of the Royalists when Napoleon returned. The Comte d'Artois had agreed to certain conditions in Louis's name before Louis's appearance, and when the new King assumed his crown he calmly ignored them. Similar tactics, by d'Artois him- self as Charles X., a few years later, ended the Bourbon rule forever. Ferrand's impassioned defense of the emigres before the Chambres, at a time when the emigres "had nothing to do with the case," roused a feeling against them that predisposed the dissatisfied country in favor of the returning Emperor. The regulation prohib- iting labor on Sunday, passed in 1814, will serve as an example of numerous laws which were ostentatiously passed and then quietly ignored. Constant, Ney, Davout, Fouche", the leading men of the state, made oaths and broke them with what would seem most injudicious frequency. A mistake of $3,000,000 in the computation of the indemnity due the Allies would have lost France that amount, if the English banking-house, which had the matter in charge, had not gener- ously pointed out the error. "It would appear," was the disgusted comment of Metternich, the shrewdest statesman of the generation, "as though your affairs were managed by cornets of hussars." Louis XVIII. himself, though gouty and pro- saic,—much less of an aristocrat than the name- less upstart Napoleon, — was neither fool nor knave. He had no sympathy with the insane party-feeling of the emigres, and he made an honest effort to govern well. A modern expo- nent of the omnipotence of mind might find in his calm confidence in ultimate success an agency which promoted the Restoration. If he was too dependent on the advice of others, he could easily have found a less able and less honest favorite than Decazes among the intriguers that sur- rounded him. His insistence that " a King of France might die, but must never be ill," and his struggle to hold audiences and attend to his work while he was literally dying, is pathetic and heroic. One feels a genuine relief that the obstinate old doctrinaire did not live to see the downfall of the House. There is less to be said for Charles X. As the Comte d'Artois, he had been one of his brother's most turbulent and troublesome sub- jects, and his reign is a series of arbitrary acts, culminating in the terrible mistake of July, 1910.] 149 THE DIAL 1830,—the coup d'etat that sought to reor- ganize an administration Chamber of Deputies, and which resulted in calling to the throne as a constitutional ruler the timid and conciliatory son of Philippe Egalite, Louis Duke of Orleans. "I know well," Metternich had said to the French Ambassador at Vienna, " that the free- dom of the press and your electoral laws are an abomination, but any attempt to abolish them by a coup d'etat will be fatal to the Bourbons." There are Richelieus, Talleyrands, Chateau- briands, LaFayettes, — leaders good (a few), bad, and indifferent; but the most picturesque public character of the period, and in a manner the most instructive, as illustrating the possi- bilities of such an epoch of upheaval, is the scoundrel Fouche. This insatiate schemer, edu- cated for the Church, a Revolutionist deputy, regicide, devotee of the Goddess of Reason, actually succeeded in becoming successively Minister to Milan under the Directory, Minis- ter of Police under the Consulate, Minister of Interior under the Empire, Minister of Police under Louis XVIII. — in which last capacity he drew up a list of the persons who deserved punishment for complicity in the return of Na- poleon, which list he should have himself headed. It is but just to him to remark in this connec- tion, that he contrived to allow all the proscribed to escape from the country, and that the few ar- rests and executions that did occur were not in any sense his fault. It was not till 1816, at the age of sixty-two, that this prodigy of intrigue, who had contrived to float to the winning side of every considerable movement in forty years of turmoil, was at last definitely set aside by exile. Every movement, however vulgar and inter- ested, has its hero and its legend. The dead Emperor did more to wreck the Bourbon dy- nasty than that hard and vicious creature of ambition ever accomplished during his life. And set up against him to dazzle the gaze of the mob was the glorious First of the Bourbons, the gallant conqueror of Ivry, who seems to have resembled this portrait quite as much as his dissipated, selfish, and incompetent descendants of the early nineteenth century resembled it. But legends will not stir a worn-out people to long-continued or potent enthusiasm. There was little real desire for the crowning of Louis in 1814; there was little for the return of Napoleon; there was little for the accession of the younger branch of the Bourbons in 1830. France was disillusionized and weary. Napo- leon, who was as shrewd as Metternich, re- marked, as he took possession of Paris in 1815, "They have let me come as they have let the other go." There were no more serious and general insurrections; and when the half-hearted Citizen King was half-heartedly installed in 1830, he was allowed to reign for a time only, because, as Major Hall puts it on the last page of the present volume," In the hour of distress the best elements of the nation" had "stood aloof and allowed the Monarchy to fall to the ground." A very thorough and extensive bibliography accompanies the text, page by page; and the book is indexed in a good deal of detail. It is always a matter of regret, however, when a painstaking and extended account of this sort, which is particularly valuable for reference purposes, has no more specific indexing than, for example, LaFayette, Marquis de, 43, 52, 87, 101, 102, 112, etc., with no hint of the character of the references on each page thus mentioned. The reviewer wondered at the form emigre — thus, italicized, with an accent over the final e only. If one accent, why not both? If there is precedent for such discrimination, he has not found it. He has noticed, indeed, that the "Encyclopaedia Americana " prints "Emigre's," but he had supposed that the first accent was omitted there because of the capital initial letter. Rot Temple House. New Apparatus for Bible Students.* Five years ago we saw the completion of two large four and five volume Dictionaries of the Bible. Now we have three new single-volume Dictionaries issued simultaneously, which cover practically the same field and are intended to meet the same needs. They were prepared to give laymen in Bible study an easy and ready method of getting the pith of themes which in the larger works are treated with a technique and detail designed for specialists. The writers of the articles in these volumes are American, British, and German scholars, who represent in the main the progressive school of thought in * Dictionary of the Bible. Edited by James Hastings, D.D., with the cooperation of John A. Selbie, D.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. A Standard Bible Dictionary. Edited by M. W. Jacobus, E. E. Nourse, and A. C. Zenoa. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co. The Temple Dictionary or the Bible. Written and edited by Rev. W. Ewing, M.A., and Rev. J. E. H. Thomson, D.D., and other Scholars and Divines. New York: E. P Dutton & Co. 150 [March 1, THE DIAL biblical research. The works are constructed mechanically in the best modern style, and are both attractive and convenient. The editor of the Hastings "Dictionary of the Bible " has had large editorial experience, and has constructed this work skilfully from a literary point of view. It is by no means a con- densation of the five-volume Dictionary, but a new and independent work. The articles are written anew, and are up-to-date in every respect. The apportionment of space to the different themes is wisely made. The article on " Israel" covers twenty-four pages (by Prof. George A. Barton); that on "Jesus Christ" (by Prof. W. P. Paterson), twenty-three pages; and one on the "Person of Christ" (by Prof. H. K. Mackintosh), twelve pages. Mr. R. A. S. Macalister writes many of the articles on Pales- tine, where he has spent several years in exca- vating Gezer and other places. The articles on Egypt and Egyptian antiquities are signed by Mr. F. LI. Griffith, whose work on the Nile has been well known for many years. Some of the best articles on the New Testament were written by Prof. W. T. Davison, of Richmond Theo- logical Seminary, Surrey. Prof. G. B. Gray, of Mansfield College, Oxford, has contributed a very complete article on the " Text, Versions, and Languages of the Old Testament"; and Dr. F. G. Kenyon, just now appointed as successor to Sir E. Maunde Thompson of the British Museum, supplies the article on the " Text of the New Testament." The book contains four good maps, but no other illustrations. The " Standard Bible Dictionary " was writ- ten mainly by American scholars for an Ameri- can public. It follows, in its classification, an encyclopaedic alphabet; that is, its list of themes is constructed on an encyclopaedic rather than a dictionary plan. The articles themselves appear, when long enough, with numbered paragraphs and a brief bibliography. The editors them- selves have done a monumental amount of writ- ing for the work. Professor Jacobus's contri- butions are mainly on the New Testament; Pro- fessor Zenos has covered, besides his especial field of Biblical Theology, a great diversity of themes; and Professor Nourse fills in scores of small arti- cles on etymological, archaeological, and topo- graphical themes. Dr. James Denney of Glas- gow has an article on Christ, and Professor Guthe of Leipzig on Palestine. The article on Jerusalem is by the skilful scholar Prof. L. B. Paton, who recently spent a year in that ancient and interesting city. The Dictionary is espe- cially full in the department of biblical archaeol- ogy, emphasized by a number of beautiful half- tone illustrations of Palestinian implements and household effects now in the collections of Hart- ford Theological Seminary. The book contains many line illustrations that amply aid the reader in understanding the text. Of course, there are defects and omissions which are apparent to an expert, — such, for example, as the attempt to present in transliteration the pronunciation of biblical names and Hebrew words. These are rather superfluous, and not helpful. The scholar knows how to pronounce the foreign words (Greek and Hebrew), and the one who knows neither language has no use for them. A few good maps adorn the book. It may be added that these two Dictionaries are thought by their editors to be adapted to the use of laymen in Bible study, but they are grad- uated on rather too high a scale for that purpose. Excellent as they are, they are strong meat for mature scholars rather than lighter food for children in Bible study. "The Temple Dictionary of the Bible" stands in a class by itself. The names of its two editors are enough to call attention to the work. Both of them were missionaries for many years in the country which forms the back- ground of the biblical records. Rev. Mr. Ewing was located at that very important old Jewish city, Tiberias, and Dr. Thomson at Safed, about fifteen miles nearly north of the Sea of Galilee. Their first-hand knowledge of and familiarity with the manners and customs of the people, and with the topography of Bible lands, give them a long advantage over some of the editors of rival dictionaries. They are aided in this phase of the work by such familiar Ori- entalists as Dr. Dalman of Jerusalem, Mrs. Gibson of Cambridge, and Drs. Margoliouth and Sayce of Oxford, all travellers and stu- dents in the Orient. The critical position of the writers on doctrinal and biblical themes is distinctly conservative, as seen in such names as those of Drs. James Orr, James Robert- son, James Stalker, and D. S. Margoliouth. The Preface states that they " have kept stead- ily in view the needs of the Working Clergy- man, the Local Preacher, the Class Leader, and the Sunday-school Teacher." They have fulfilled their purpose in a very commendable manner. While there are no articles whose revelations are startlingly new or striking, there are some that are comparatively fresh on bib- lical antiquities, geography, and topography, written by persons who are experienced guides and know personally what they are talking 1910.] 151 THE DIAL, about. The articles are free from padding; on the other hand, the work employs a system of abbreviations, which, though unquestionably effective in space-saving, is, to say the least, far from elegant. It is certainly startling to find a work of scholarship, like this, disfigured by such typographical puzzles as wd., shd., cd., fm., fr., mr., br., sr., kge., bk., mt., for would, should, could, from, father, mother, brother, sister, knowledge, book, and might. A very attractive feature of this Dictionary is its admirable illustrations, many of which are half- tones. Among the 540 in the book, we dis- cover scores of new pictures of biblical sites and scenes, photographed from new and splen- didly chosen points of view. There are at least sixteen choice views of the beautiful scenery about the Sea of Galilee. Such glimpses give more of a touch of reality to any statement than pages of common cold narrative. Two new large folding views of Jerusalem and eight splendid maps follow the 1171 pages of the Dictionary proper. These three Dictionaries, appearing almost simultaneously, are significant facts in the field of biblical study. They furnish ready tools whereby the earnest thoughtful reader and stu- dent may delve still deeper into the realms of ancient ethical and religious lore. Ira Maurice Price. Stories About Big Game rx Africa.* "The story of the big game of Africa has been many a year in the telling, but it remains ever new. The freshness of it is perennial. So long as the big game of Africa holds its own upon the velt, just so long will the public welcome new books that strive to portray its moods and its tenses." So writes Mr. "W. T. Hornaday, the well-known naturalist and author of travel-books, in his Introduction to the work of Mr. Edgar Beecher Bronson entitled "In Closed Territory." The closed territory through which Mr. Bronson travelled and hunted lies to the north and south of the policed district along the Uganda railway, and is open only to those who are in favor with the powers that be. Mr. Bronson is a capital story-teller, recounting not only the adven- •In Closed Territory. By Edgar Beecher Bronson. Illustrated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. Hunting in British East Africa. By Percy C. Madeira; with introduction by Frederick Courteney Selons. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. In the Grip op the Nyika: Further Adventures in British East Africa. By Lieut.-Col. J. H. Patterson. Illus- trated. New York: The Macmillan Co. A Hunter's Camp-Fires. By Edward J. House. Illus- trated. New York: Harper & Brothers. tures of himself and his party, but also the deeds of others who have risked their lives, — to put it in Stevenson's paradoxical way, — that they might live. One bit will show the manner of the narrator. It tells the story of the tall and wiry Lumbwa, Arab Tumo, slayer of sixty "rhinos" single-handed, who estab- lished his reputation for bravery by his part in the following incident. "While about half-way down from the summit to the swamp, with Arab Tumo marching ahead of me, and, ulthongh no more than six feet in advance, quite out of my Bight, sud- denly I heard just beyond him the swish and crashing of some mighty body, and jumped forward to Arab Tumo just in time to see a giant rhino, which had been crossing our line of march directly in front, start to swing for a charge up our line, his great head shaking with rage, his little pig eyes glaring fury. "It was all over in a second; for when I reached Tumo they were in arm's length of each other, he crouched with spear shortened, and, in the very second of the rhino's swing to charge, with one bound and mighty thrust he drove his great three-foot six-inch spear-blade to entry behind the left shoulder, ranging diagonally through the rhino's vitals towards his right hip, and burying it to the very haft! "Followed instantly a shrill scream of pain, a gush of foam-flecked blood that told of a deadly lung wound, and then the monster wheeled and lurched out of our sight down hill at right angles to our course, Tumo's spear still trans- fixing him. "So suddenly sprang and so fascinating was the scene, so like a single-handed duel of the old Roman arena between two raw Bavagc monsters of the African jungle, biped against quadruped, that it never occurred to me to shoot, although I might have chanced a snapshot over Tumo's shoulder. "And there Arab Tumo stood quietly smiling, his pulse apparently unquickened by a single beat, signing for per- mission to follow and recover his spear, the blade broken free of its long-pointed iron butt, which was bent nearly double by some wrench in the ground the rhino had con- trived to give it to free his vitals of the gnawing blade! And, once free of the spear, on he had gone — Tumo had not seen him again.1' Many readers of books on Africa, who have won- dered at the stories of the marvellous heads of game along the Uganda railway, will understand this re- markable occurrence from Mr. Bronson's explana- tion. "The extraordinary present abundance of game both north and south of this section of the Uganda Railway is due to the fact that all the vast territory extending from the Tsavo River to Escarpment, a distance of two hundred and thirty miles, and from the south line of the track to the German border, embracing about eleven thousand square miles, is a carefully preserved game reserve, preserved as jealously as the Yellowstone Park; while immediately south- west of it in German territory is another reserve of the same size. Unfenced, shnt in by no impassable streams or moun- tains, the game is free to wander out of and into the reserve at will; but, like the shrewd stags of a Scotch deer forest, so well does the game seem to know the very boundaries that mark for them sanctuary, that little do they leave it except in periods of local drought or as crowded out by over- stocking, — so well do they know the immunity of Banctuary that, shooting from trains being forbidden, timid antelope, wary giraffe, and even lion and rhino, often idle within a stone's throw of the track." Surely Africa must be protected in some way, for, not taking into account our own mighty Nimrod who is now playing havoc there, Mr. Bronson tells us that in October and November, 1908, twenty hunting parties went out from Nairobi, and fifty more were 152 [March 1, THE DIAL, expected during December and January. It is to be regretted that our space will not allow us to give more excerpts from this lively book. Mr. Bronson's style will not appeal to the fastidious, but his robust vigor will suit those readers who care more for fine shots with the gun than with the camera, and for forceful description than for parlor language. To the list of those American sportsmen — nota- bly McMillan, Astor, Chanlar, John Bradley, Max Fleischman, Rainsford, and Roosevelt — who have had their fling at African big game, we may now add the name of Mr. Percy C. Madeira of Phila- delphia. His book entitled "Hunting in British East Africa" tells of the adventures of himself and his wife in "the most richly stocked game country to be found in the world to-day "— British East Africa. Mr. Frederick C. Selous, the premier of modern hunters, vouches for the book in a foreword, by saying that it is of "very great interest." Were one to judge hastily of the book by the illustrations, one would conclude that the author's chief aim was to gather fine heads and make big killings. Such, however, is not the case. Of hunting and fine heads we have a-plenty, but there is also no lack of intel- ligent observation on native human and plant life, and on general conditions now existing in that won- derful dark land. Moreover, if other Americans are desirous of adding their names to the worthy list of African big game hunters, they will find a very complete appendix to this volume giving de- tailed information regarding marches, temperature, and equipment, for a hundred days' safari, or jour- ney, in the land of wild beasts. Readers who wish to read a hair-raising tale will find unusually rare ones in this book. Mrs. Madeira, who was lost in "the rough broken country between the Tana and the Thika Rivers," wandered for two days without food or water, in a land beset by thorns and wild beasts. Mr. Selous characterizes the grit and pow- ers of endurance shown by Mrs. Madeira as "little short of marvellous." The illustrations in this vol- ume are of rather unusual merit. Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Patterson's book, "In the Grip of the Nyika," has the stamp of dignity both in style and matter. Unlike his previous work, "The Man-Eaters of Tsavo," which relates the Colonel's adventures with the kingly beast, his pres- ent volume deals with the determination of suitable natural boundaries for the eastern and northern limits of the game preserve, and with the hunting of elephants, antelope, and rhinoceri. In the first of these expeditions into the Nyika — the dark, enthralling wilderness of British East Africa — the author with two companions returned safely to civili- zation; but on the second and longer journey, he, with two companions designated as Mr. and Mrs. B., met with difficulties and with death. Mr. B. was shot while asleep by the accidental discharge of his own revolver which he had placed under his pil- low. At the time of his burial, the natives mutinied, and it was only through the prompt action of Colonel Patterson that they were quelled. Following these disasters came the loss of his valuable horse under the charge of a rogue elephant, the desertion of many of his followers, and the continual illness of himself and Mrs. B. Notwithstanding all this, the author's indomitable courage led him to his journey's end, thus establishing a name for himself as one of the heroes who have been in the foreguard of the British Empire. Colonel Patterson's book, unlike Mr. Bron- son's, shows us the sombre side of life on the great African veldt; but it is African life to the core. "After experience in hunting with a rifle, and with a camera to a lesser degree, I am frank to con- fess that I have found an element of excitement in the former totally lacking in the latter." With this confession, Mr. Edward T. House introduces us to his adventures in East Africa, New Brunswick, New Foundland, the Rockies, and British Columbia, as related in his interesting and well-illustrated vol- ume of detached sketches entitled "A Hunter's C amp- Fires." Mr. House's sketches cover a decade spent in the pursuit of the big game of the world, and relate but little about the natives who made up his caravans. For the reader who cares only about the crack of the rifle and the effect thereof, Mr. House's book will afford a good treat; but for the reader who thinks that hunting is more than the hunter, and the hunted more than the bag, the book will offer small pleasure. We would not suggest that the author is that atrocious being, a game-hog, — on the contrary he is quite sportsmanlike in his following; but he has not the saving grace which leads us to the up- lands of foreign lands where we may get the vision of nature's abundant wild life. The author will doubtless be satisfied with the commentary that this is a book for the man with a gun. H. E. COBLBNTZ. Briefs on New Books. a new .urvev In " English Literature in the Nine- o/mh century teenth Century" (Putnam), Mr. literature. Laurie Magnus has given us an inter- esting and valuable discussion of the characteristics and tendencies of that period. He has especially tried to make his book — a volume of 427 pages —- "not so much a history of English literature between 1784 and the present day as a survey of that litera- ture as a whole and an essay in its criticism." For this reason the book contains little biographical mat- ter. The criticism is of an eminently satisfactory kind. Mr. Magnus is not concerned merely with re-estimating the individual writers, though this task occupies, naturally, most of his time; he is deeply interested in the literary movements of the century; in the peculiar significance of the typical and the col- lective utterances of the successive periods. Book I. surveys the period from the death of Johnson to that of Scott, — the period which saw the principles of the French Revolution extended in all directions, the 1910.] 153 THE DIAL rapid growth of the novel, the enunciation of new principles of poetry, and the rise of the periodical press. Toward the end of this period there is a lull, a pause. Byron (on whom Mr. Magnus is less severe than are many others), Shelley, and Keats had passed off the stage. Wordsworth's poetry had been practically all written before this time. Car- lyle, that John Baptist of the new time, had not yet found a publisher for his gospel of " Sartor " in beok form. The year 1832, thinks Magnus, looks back on the great period of Romance and forward to the great period of Democracy. The Reform Bill marks the decisive acquisition of immense social and moral gains. A new view of nature, physical and spiritual, was to possess men. Mr. Magnus instructively con- trasts the thought of the "Essay on Man" (1733) with the view of things that prevailed from the times when the revolutionary principles became completely established. The second half of the book discusses the remainder of the century. The three-score and eight years between Scott's death and that of Raskin beheld enormous progress in science, the rise of almost radically new views in theology, the flower- ing of the novel, and the flourishing of three great poets, Tennyson, Browning, and Swinburne, around whom may be clustered a multitude of lesser lights. Tennysonians will be pleased with the treatment accorded their poet on the score of form, but will not relish so much the belittling estimate of him as a thinker. Tennyson's growing conservatism and con- stant timidity do not please Mr. Magnus. "Do noth- ing, dare nothing, assert nothing — tradition, cus- tom, doubt — are at the root of his practical counsel, and 'the larger hope,' and the 'divine event' are subordinate to these negations." Magnus admires the energy and solidity of Browning's thought as well as his sturdy faith. To Dickens and Meredith the critic is quite just. On Swinburne he wisely refrains from attempting a final judgment, though he is a frank admirer of the last Victorian. Occasionally the author's style is enigmatical, — for example, at the end of the description of Carlyle's contemporaries (p. 179); but in general he is illuminating and lucid. Crawford must be claimed as an American (p. 278); and William James is a resident of Cambridge, Massachusetts (p. 222). Perhaps there is too fre- quent use of the dash-parenthesis; and a dash fol- lowed by a comma or semicolon does not look well. The index is scarcely full enough. On the whole we find the volume commendable, a distinctly wel- come contribution to the criticism of an era which will receive more attention in the next quarter cen- tury, as its true proportions become more evident and perspective enables us to see more clearly what it achieved. An advocate of woman's rights is not ofHMand" wont to turn to seventeenth-century Holland for a champion, and indeed no suffragette is the "Learned Maid " who looks out from her forgotten niche in history through the pleasant pages of Una Birch's "Annavan Schurman, Artist, Scholar, Saint" (Longmans). Yet the " Tenth Muse," the " Sappho of Holland," as she was styled by her contemporaries, qualified for controversy when she queried, "Does the pursuit of learning and letters become a girl of to-day?" and proceeded to apply to her sex Flato's dictum, "It becomes a per- fect man to know what is to be known and to do what is to be done." Etched against the background of the Dutch Renaissance, with its "amazing efflores- cence of national life," the "Star of Utrecht" shines with a light diffused through varied mediums. Marie de Medici, hearing her sing, declared how "pleasant a surprise it was to find Italy in Holland." After betraying her versatility in the current forms of art, she plunged as ardently into learning, mastering many languages and achieving the unique distinction of the authorship of an Ethiopian grammar. An object of pilgrimage for the notables of Europe, the friend of Descartes, Voe% Richelieu, Queen Christina of Sweden, and other famous folk, the gentle lady's gentle adventures make picturesque reading. Not the least entertaining passages are the panegyrics of ad- mirers, which, despite her decorous modesty, seem to have "delighted Anna, who, together with the solid virtues of perseverance, concentration, and courage, was possessed of an amusing vanity which redeems her from all charge of inhumanity or dull- ness." A chronic habit of depicting herself and of being depicted has scattered her portrait throughout Europe, several being reproduced in the book. In the latter part of her life the pursuit of holiness absorbed her as completely as had her previous enter- prises, and her diverse friendships gave way to one commanding intercourse. Resolving to spend her days "in the studio in which souls are as canvas to be painted on by the great master," she joined the community founded by the mystical preacher, Jean de Labadie. It is a matter for regret that here exig- ences of material or deficiencies in popular know- ledge have compelled the author to shift the limelight from her leading lady to the tenets of Calvinistic theology and the fortunes of the Labadist community with which Anna cast in her lot. Yet it is hard to quarrel with a book which so well fulfils its own aim: simply to set down the story of a "fearless, famed, and retired life." Slavery and A Richmond lawyer, Mr. Beverly tecestion in B. Munford, in his book on "Vir- Virginia. ginia's Attitude toward Slavery and Secession" (Longmans) has done some really origi- nal work upon a rather hackneyed topic. Based upon a careful study of historical sources — manu- scripts, public records, and newspapers, as well as the published works relating to the subject — the book is of value to the historian of slavery, politics, and the Civil War. The purpose of the author is to make clear the attitude of the dominant element of the Virginian people toward the Union, the problems of slavery, emancipation, and secession. By extensive quotations from public documents, 154 [March 1, THE DIAL speeches, and letters, he shows that the Virginians were not hostile, but were devoted to the Union and to the principles of the founders of the Republic; that they were not devoted to the institution of slavery and desirous of seeing it extended, but that they were much dissatisfied with it and made serious efforts to get rid of it. The reactionary effect of the methods of the radical abolitionists upon anti- slavery sentiment in Virginia is explained in detail, and the rise of pro-slavery sentiment is traced to the secession. Of the general conditions of slavery the author writes but little, though he gives a good treatment of the colonization movement and a dis- cussion of the difficulties in the way of emancipation. The economic aspects of the "peculiar institution" are neglected. As to secession, Mr. Munford proves that Virginia was strongly opposed to such a step, and that only after she had vainly tried to reconcile the sections was she forced by the Federal policy of coercion to range herself with the cotton States that had already seceded. Of the characteristics of the Virginians who thus stood between the two extremes and were forced to choose one or the other, the author says: "As a people they exalted honor and courage — they exhibited the strength of the idealist combined on the part of many with the limitations of the doctrinaire; they decided questions by the standard of abstract right, rather than in their relation to the duties and interests of other peoples and other times; they were self-reliant, content to justify the integrity of their conduct to their own consciences rather than to the world; they were tenacious of their rights, and regarded a threatened invasion as not only justifying but com- pelling resistance." Secession came to these people as an event'' long dreaded and much to be deplored. They met it with a firm adherence to the principles so often declared, but with profound regret that the occasion had arisen which rendered their assertion imperative. In the conflict thus joined, the people of Virginia took a stand predetermined by the be- liefs and avowals of successive generations, and, impelled by an unswerving idealism, found their supreme incentive to action in their determination to maintain the integrity of principle." Autobiography In a clearly-written narrative of of a Chinese- moderate length, Mr. Yung Wing, Amei-iean. sometime Associate Chinese Minister at Washington, and Commissioner of the Chinese Educational Commission, relates the main events of his active and useful life. "My Life in China and America" (Holt) is the book's title, and a prepos- sessing portrait of the author serves as frontispiece. Born of poor parents in the village of Nam Ping, near Macao, the boy Yung had the good fortune to receive the rudiments of an English education in a mission school, which gave him a desire to go still further in occidental learning. How his desire was gratified, chiefly through his own pluck and perse- verance, how he entered the Monson Academy, was graduated, and then proceeded to Yale, where he remained four years, took high honors in English, and was the first Chinese student to receive a degree, —all this is unassumingly told in the opening chapters; after which comes the account of his self-imposed labors for his country, his adventures in the Taiping rebellion, his work for the American education of Chinese boys, his appointment as joint minister with Chin Lan Pin at Washington, and his diplomatic activities in connection with the Japanese war of 1894-5. His opinion as to the cause of the Taiping rebellion is noteworthy. "Neither Christianity nor religious persecution," he maintains, " was the im- mediate and logical cause of the rebellion of 1850. They might be taken as incidents or occasions that brought it about, but they were not the real causes of its existence. These may be found deeply seated in the vitals of the political constitution of the gov- ernment. Foremost among them was the corruption of the administrative government." In other words, it was "graft" that caused all the mischief. The author has excellent command of his adopted lan- guage, having in fact at one time all but forgotten his native tongue; and for both style and substance his book commends itself. Nearnet! Charon, seated on one of the twin to the ideal peaks of Parnassus, surveying all the Greek tpirtt. Greek world, had no wider range of vision than Professor Francis G. and Mrs. Anne C. E. Allinson, in their book on "Greek Lands and Letters" (Houghton). While the task that they assume of interpreting " Greek lands by the litera- ture, and Greek literature by local associations and physical environment," in one volume, may appear Herculean, yet because of their simple modus operandi they have succeeded admirably in produc- ing a scholarly, and yet withal pleasing, book of travel. They treat all of the fourteen odd divisions of Greece in the same manner, — first, its physical characteristics; then the mythological and historical accounts, to complete the stage setting; and finally the literature produced by and about each particular locality for interpreting Greek life and institutions. Thus Attica, open to all the world by reason of its geographical situation, became the world's intellectual and literary clearing-house in religion, politics, and the fine arts. Sparta, on the other hand, hemmed in on three sides by mountains, was "extraordi- narily bare of artistic adornment." After a careful examination of the twenty chapters dealing with these sympathetic phases of physiography and lit- erature, the reader feels that he has obtained, in a most learned and entertaining way, an outline of the different factors in Greek civilization, and has brought most vividly to his mind an inkling of "what is most vital in our Hellenic heritage." Travellers who digest the contents of this volume will feel that they are in close touch with the ideal Greek spirit, and that they have progressed from thyrsus-bearers to mystics. The four maps and numerous photographic illustrations, together with the colored frontispiece, are instructive and interesting. 1910.] 155 THE DIAL Ardent lovers of Dickens can never will welcome Mr. W. Teignmouth Shore's attractive octavo, " Charles Dickens and His Friends" (Cassell), in which has been assembled a considerable selection of passages about Dickens by his contemporaries, and about them by him and by one another. Forster is, of course, the chief authority consulted, while Thackeray, Rogers, Carlyle, Jeffrey, Landor, Milnes, and our own Longfellow and James T. Fields, are among the host of others drawn upon for material. The author occasionally speaks in his own person, and at other times quotes without citing his authority. Five portraits of Dickens, with other illustrations, adorn the volume, and it is an interesting study to note the wide difference between the young Apollo of Maclise's painting and the some- what severe and careworn middle-aged man from Frith'8 brush. The "door-knocker" beard of the latter portrait was abhorred by Forster, but Dickens himself gloried in it and was "told by some of his friends that they highly approved of the change because they now saw less of him." Mr. Shore has produced an agreeable scrap-book which evidences diligence, ingenuity, and not too slavish regard for method. No index is provided, and no list of authorities, nor is the reader's attention distracted by footnotes. Of preface, too, the book is innocent, and of appendix it pleads not guilty. It is just an unpretentious compilation of entertaining Dickens- iana, a book to read in at odd moments and not to take too seriously. a college The rea^er of Miss Caroline Hazard's preiideni't volume, "A Brief Pilgrimage in the piigrimaoe. Hoiy Land » (Houghton) will wish that he might have heard the addresses that form the book, as they were originally given in the college chapel at Wellesley on Sunday evenings. With appropriate music for each address—Mendelssohn's Elijah for " Carmel by the Sea," the Pastoral Sym- phony for "The Plain of Sharon," Christmas music for "Bethlehem"; with graceful and rare-spirited sonnets read for a prelude; and with fitting quota- tions from the Scriptures for each address, there must have been an atmosphere of sanctity and a dim religious light which the printed book cannot give. Nevertheless, the fervor of the author gives us the light and the peace of one who, like her ancestors in the Crusades, went down from Carmel to the Sea of Galilee, and thence to the blessed feast at Jerusalem. There is a sufficient amount of historical background to make the book instructive as well as uplifting: the sights and incidents of the holy Past give the author occasion, which she wisely improves, for deal- ing with the no less holy Present. No doubt, as Pres- ident Hazard says, "Wellesley ought to be a better college because its President has been on pilgrimage"; and equally, no doubt, every hearer of the addresses and every reader of the book will be somehow better for hearing and reading the story. Notes. The H. W. Wilson Co., Minneapolis, publish a vol- ume of " University Addresses " by Professor William Watts Folwell. The addresses are four in number, and are dated from 1869 to 1884. Privately printed by Mr. Luther A. Brewer at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, we have a limited edition of Stedman's little book upon Edgar Allan Poe. The original of this work is now hard to obtain, which makes this beautiful new edition all the more welcome. "Selections from the Economic History of the United States, 1765-1860," by Professor Guy Stevens Collen- der, is a publication of Messrs. Ginn & Co. It is in form a source-book, with extensive introductory essays supplied for the several chapters. There are fifteen main divisions, such as "Colonial Economy," "Trans- portation," "Settlement of the West," and " Economics of Slavery." The book is a large one, numbering over eight hundred pages. "The People's Library," a series of handy and inex- pensive volumes, which have had a large sale in En- gland, will be put upon the American market by Messrs. Cassell & Co. Among the latest additions to the "Li- brary" are to be noted Stevenson's "Master of Bal- lantrae," Hawthorne's "House of the Seven Gables," Jane Austen's "Emma," Charlotte Bronte's "Villette," Borrow's "Lavengro," Irving's "Sketch Book," Rus- kin's "Crown of Wild Olives " and "Seven Lamps of Architecture," Pope's translation of the "Iliad," De- foe's "Journal of the Plague Year," Holmes's " Pro- fessor at the Breakfast Table," and Thomas a Kempis's "Imitation of Christ." A unique and delightful publishing enterprise is that known — bnt not so widely as its merits deserve — as "John Martin's Letters for Children." One has only to send to the publisher (Morgan Shepard of New York), stating the age of the boy or girl to be written to, and once in every two weeks a letter is forthcoming. "John Martin" writes about animals and fairies and children and other things that children love. He puts in a rhyme or two towards the end, and a talk about books for boys and girls. He draws pictures to illus- trate his stories, and his writing is plain, so that little folks can read it. There is a space for the name of each small recipient at the beginning of the letters; and this, with their friendly intimate style, would make it very difficult to prove to any of "John Martin's" many correspondents that the "Letters" are only a sort of bi-monthly magazine pleasantly disguised. Mr. H. E. Marshall, who, several years ago, published a history of England for young readers, now gives us a companion volume in "The Child's English Literature" (Stokes). It is a difficult task to interest youth in the history of literature, but our author has achieved some measure of success by his avoidance of text-book methods, his adoption of a simple and unaffected style, and his choice of such material as can be brought into some sort of real relationship with childish interests. His scale of proportion is quite different, as is proper, from that which would be imperative in a book for older people. His book has, moreover, the advantage of a series of beautiful and instructive illustrations in color, to say nothing of its attractive typography and boldly- decorated covers. For the right kind of boy or girl from twelve to sixteen, we could not imagine a more welcome gift or delightful possession. 156 [March 1, THE DIAL Topics in Leading Periodicals. March, 1910. Adler, Jules. Charles H. Coffin. Harper- Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth. Edwin Lefevre. American. American Woman. The. Ida M. Tarbell. American. Art in America, The Story of — II. Arthur Hoeber. Bookman. Art. State of, in America. E.:H. Blashfleld. No. Amer. Review. Authors, Great—Are They Dead? L. McClung. Lippincott. Bollinger Case, The. 8.E. White. American. Beef Supply, Our, as a Business. W. C. Howey. Rev. of Rev: Best Sellers of Yesterday. A. B. Maurice. Bookman. Boy Criminals—VI. Ben B. Lindsey. Everybody''». British Elections, The. Sydney Brooks. North Amer. Review. Carnegie Hero Fund. Story of. H. M. Phelps. World To-day. Chemistry— What It does for Humanity. W. Hard. Munsey. Cherry Mine, Heroes of the. Edith Wyatt. McClure. Children's Institution, A. Q. Stanley Hall. Harper. China, Western Invasion of. E. D. Burton. World To-day. Coloratura Music, The Future of. Tetrazzini. Everybody's. Corporations. Regulation of. J. J. Hill. World's Work. Democracy and the Church. C. B. Brewster. No. A mer. Rev. Dependents, Rich and Poor. Bolton Hall. Lippincott. Drama, Big Situations in the. C. Hamilton. Bookman. Dramatic Unities. The. Brander Matthews. Atlantic. Electricity as Source of Heat. D. C. Shafer. Rev. of Reviews. England and Socialism. North Amerian Review. Farms, Our Rich. I. F. Marcosson. Munsey. Federal Railroad Regulation. W. Z. Ripley. Atlantic. Fels, Joseph, Work of. A. W. Wishart. World To-day. France. Anatole. C. C. Washburn. Atlantic. France, Politics in. AlcideEbray. North American Review. Government, The Powers of. G.Sutherland. No. Amer. Rev. Grand Opera in English. M. T. Antrim. Lippincott. Harben, W. N., Georgia Fiction of. W. D. Howells. A'o. Amer. Hornsteiner, John. W. C. Howe. World To-day. Housing, City, The Problem of. H.Godfrey. Atlantic. Ideal. Feminine. Change in the. Mrs. Deland. Atlantic. Links, Curiosities of the. E. W. Townsend. Munsey. Living, Cost of, in the U.S. and Europe. World To-day. Locke, W. J. G. W. Harris. Review of Reviews. Morals Taught by Photographs. W. H. Page. World'i Work. Mexican Peonage, Three Months in. American. Mountaineers, Our Southern. T. Dawley. Jr. WorUVs Work. New York, Government of. W. B. Shaw. Review of Review. Newberry's Naval Reform—II. C.F.Goodrich. No. Amer. Rev. Newspaper Novel, The. H. H. McClure. Bookman. Opera. Frenzied. William Barr. Everybody'!. Palmyra, A Visit to. E. Huntington. Harper. Panama Canal, The. H. E. Webster. Everybody'!. Paulhan. M., Aviation Feats of. H. Wright. World To-day. Philippines. Motoring in. W. W. Magee. World To-day. Pinchot. Gifford. Walter H. Page. World's Work. Police, Menace of the—III. Hugh C. Weir. World To-day. Population Changes. W. S. Rossiter. Review of Review*. Progress, Industrial, during 1909. J. G. Dator. Munsey. Prosperity with Justice. P. 8. Grosscup. JVo. Amer. Review. Railroad Accounting in U.S. and England. No. Amer. Review. Railroad Investments. The Key to. J. Moody. Rev. of Reviews. Reconstruction Period. Diary of—II. Gideon Wells. Atlantic. Religion, Our Superiority in. E.Richardson. Atlantic. Republican Revolt, The. Ray 8. Baker. American. Rod, Edouard, The Personal. Stuart Henry. Bookman. Schools and School-Children — II. E. Atkinson. World To-day. Servant Problem, Depth and Breadth of. McClure. Shah of Persia. Recollections of. X. Paoli. McClure. Shakespeare Discoveries, New. C. W. Wallace. Harper, Shirtwaist Makers. Strike of. M. C. Barnes. World To-day. Spain's Economic Revival. F. D. Hill. Review of Reviews. Squaw Man, The, As He Is. B. Millard. Everybody's. Stanley's Africa, Past and Present. J. M. Hubbard. Atlantic. Stovaine — the New Anesthetic. B. Hendrick. McClure. Swift, Dean, and the Two Esthers. Lyndon Orr. Munsey. Taft, One Year of. E.G. Lowry. North American Review. Teacher, The. Joseph M. Rogers. Lippincott. Telephone. Birth of the. H. N. Casson. World's Work. Trusts, The, and High Prices. J. W. Jenks. Rev. of Reviews. Vedder, Elihu, Reminiscences of — IIL World's Work. Vivisection," Absolute Freedom " for. E. Berdoe. No. Amer. Waterway, The Lakes-to-the-Gulf. T. Long. World To-day. Wealth of our Mines and Forests. M. G. Seckendorff. Munsey. Wilderness, Battle of the — X. Morris Schaff. A tlantic. Winter, William. Walter P. Eaton. Munsey. Wires. Rulers of the. C. M. Keys. World's Work. Wool Schedule, The Making of. R. W. Child. Everybody's. List of New Books. [The following list, containing 99 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Life of Garret Augustus Hobart: Twenty-fourth Vice- President of the United States. By David Magie. Illus- trated in photogravure, large 8vo, 300 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net. Jane Austen and her Country-House Comedy. By W. H. Helm. With photogravure frontispiece, large 8vo, 268 pages. John Lane Co. $3.80 net. Life of Henry Clay. By Thomas Hart Clay. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 460 pages. "American Crisis Biographies." George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.25 net. The Life of William Shakespeare. Expurgated. By William Leavitt Stoddard. With frontispiece, 8vo, 80pages. Boston: W. A. Butterfield. $1.25 net. Lincoln. By Isaac Newton Phillips. With portrait, 12mo, 117 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. history;. The Elizabethan People. By Henry Thew Stephenson. Illustrated. 12mo. 412 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $2. net. The Quaker In the Forum. By Amelia Mott Gnmmere. Illustrated, 8vo. 327 pages. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co. $1.50 net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Yet Again. By Max Beerbohm. 12mo. 826 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. Light Come. Light Oo: Gambling. Gamesters. Wagers, tbe Turf. By Ralph Nevill. Illustrated in color, large 8vo, 448 pages. Macmillan Co. $4.50 net. The Great English Short-Story Writers. With introduc- tory essays and notes by William J. Dawson and Coningsby W. Dawson. In 2 volumes, 12mo. Harper & Brothers. $2. net. Letters of John Mason Neale. D.D. Edited by his daugh- ter. With portrait in photogravure, large 8vo, 379 pages. Longmans. Green, & Co. $3. net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Fables de La Fontaine. With preface by Jules Claretie. In 2 volumes, with photogravure frontispieces, ISmo. "Las Classiques Francais." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net. The Return of the Native. By Thomas Hardy. New edition: with frontispiece in tint. 16mo, 507 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. "First Folio" Shakespeare. Edited, with notes, introduc- tion, and glossary, by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke. New volumes: The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida: Tbe Tragedie of Cymbeline; Pericles, Prince of Tyre. Each with frontispiece in photogravure. l6mo. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. Per vol., 75 cts. net. DRAMA AND VERSE. Allison's Lad, and Other Martial Interludes. By Beulah Marie Dix. 12mo, 215 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.35 net. Insurrections. By James Stephens. lCmo, 65 pages. Mac- millan Co. 40 cts. net. Mingled Wine. By Anna Bunston. 12mo, 116 pages. Long- mans, Green, St Co. $1.20 net. White Heather. By Ella Mary Gordon. With portrait. 12mo. 223 pages. London: Elliot Stock. In Love's Garden, and Other Verses. By Ida Frances Ander- son. Decorated, 16mo, 95 pages. Los Angeles, Cal.: Arroyo Guild Press. The Oak amongst the Fines, and Other Poems. By Carl Henderson. 12mo. 146 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50. From the Heart of the Hills. By Clinton Scollard and Thomas S. Jones. 16mo. 81 pages. Clinton, N. Y.: George William Browning. 50 cts. net. Florldian Sonnets. By William Henry Venable. With por- trait, 12mo. 43 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. Hylas, and Other Poems. By Edwin Preston Dargan. 12mo, 69 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. Symbolisms. By T. Carl Whitmer. 12mo. 23 pages. Richard G. Badger. 1910.] 157 THE DIAL FICTION. The Tower of Ivory. By Gertrude Atherton. 12mo, 467 paces. Macmillan Co. 11.60. The Human Cobweb: A Romance of Peking. By B. L. Putnam Weale. 12mo. 489 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. Over the Quloksands, By Anna Chapin Ray. With frontis- piece in color, 12mo, 883 pages. Little, Brown, A Co. $1.60. Mary Gary — " Frequently Martha." By Kate Langley Bosher. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 168 pages. 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Central America and its Problems: An Account of a Jour- ney from the Rio Grande to Panama. By Frederick Palmer. Illustrated, large 8vo, 347 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $2.50 net. The Rivers and Streams of England. By A. G. Bradley; illustrated in color by Sutton Palmer. Large 8vo, 287 pages. Macmillan Co. $8. net. RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. Orpheus: A General History of Religions. By Salomon Reinach; translated by Florence Simmonds. With frontis- piece in color, large 8vo, 439 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net. In After Days: Thoughts on the Future Life. By W. D. Howells, Henry James, John Bigelow, and others. With portraits, 8vo. 232 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net. The Fourth Gospel in Research and Debate: A Series of Essays on Problems Concerning the Origin and Value of the Anonymous Writings Attributed to the Apostle John. By Benjamin Wisner Bacon. Large 8vo, 544 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $4.00 net. London at Prayer. By Charles Morley. Illustrated, 8vo, 341 pages. E. P. 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Entered a* Second-Clan Matter October 8, 1892, at the Port Office at Chicago, IllmoU, under Act ot March 3, 1879. No. 570. MARCH 16, 1910. Vol. XLVIII. Contents. PAGE THE KEATS-SHELLEY MEMORIAL 185 THE FIRST AMERICAN STUDENTS IN GER- MANY. Mien C. Hinsdale 187 CASUAL COMMENT 189 The reports of the Carnegie Foundation.— The rain returning after the cloud.—The end of a famous journalistic dynasty.—The making of poets and dramatists.— The restoration of Homer.— The Southern Library Training School.—The persistence of poetry.—"Making culture hum." COMMUNICATIONS 101 The "Best Seller "and Romance. Margaret Vance. The Use of the "Printer's Catchword." Chas. Welsh. Origin of a Stock Phrase. S. T. Kidder. A TRAVELLER IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND. Charles Atwood Kofoid 192 OUR DIPLOMATIC DEALINGS WITH SPAIN. H. Parker Willis 193 THE PROPHET OF MODERN MUSIC. Louis James Block 195 JOAN OF ARC: AN ANTI-CLERICAL VIEW. Laurence M. Larson 1!>7 RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne .... 10<l Figgis's A Vision of Life. — Frewen's Light among the Leaves. — Stone's Lusus. — Tabor's Odds and Ends. — Carman's The Rough Rider, and Other Poems.—Mackaye's Poems.—O'Hara's Songs of the Open. — Loveman's The Blushful South and Hip- pocrene. — Miss Guiney's Happy Ending. — Miss Thomas's The Guest at the Gate.—Mrs. Huntington's From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems. — Mrs. Coates's Lyrics of Life. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 202 Diversions of a genial trifler. — Some early appreci- ations of Meredith. —Vital problems, economic and sociological.—Wanderings about Rome, old and new. — Back-yard studies of the stars. — London Town, from King Lud to Queen "Vic."—The life of an old-fashioned gentlewoman. — Second coming of the Bourbons.—Afghanistan, the "buffer state."—Life- history of Quantrell, the guerrilla. NOTES 206 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS .... '207 A classified list of books to be issued by American publishers during the Spring and Summer of 1910. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 216 THE KEATS-SHELLEY MEMORIAL. It is now almost a year since the ceremonial opening of the Keats-Shelley Memorial House in Rome — the house in the Piazza di Spagna to which Keats was brought by Joseph Severn, and in which the poet died February 28,1821. The first Bulletin of the Memorial Association has just been issued, under the editorship of Sir Rennell Rodd and Mr. H. Nelson Gray, and for the first time makes public the full details of the exercises, besides presenting much other matter of deep interest to the lovers of the two English poets whose dying gaze was fixed upon Italian skies. Henceforth poetry-loving pil- grims from the English-speaking world to the Eternal City will pay double tribute to the memory of Keats and Shelley, — first at the twin tombs in the shadow of the Pyramid of Cestius, and then at the house which is now dedicated to these two immortal singers. The inception and progress of the enterprise so happily conceived and successfully carried into effect may be briefly recapitulated. It was in 1903, on the anniversary of Keats's death, that the plan took definite shape at the meeting of a small group of American authors who were then fortuitously gathered in Rome. The ini- tiative was due to Mr. Robert Underwood Johnson, and his efforts were cordially seconded by Sir Rennell Rodd. It was determined to organize English and American and Roman committees, to obtain the official sanction of the King of Italy, the King of England, and the President of the United States, and to invite subscriptions for the purchase of the desired house. It took three years to conduct the pre- liminary negotiations with the Italian owners of the property, and then, with an option on its purchase secured, the plan was made pub- lic. About a year of effort was required to secure the necessary funds (something over twenty thousand dollars), and then the property was bought by the Association. Gifts of books, manuscripts, and works of art suitable for preservation in such a place, were then solic- ited, and the demand met with a generous response. More material gifts were also forth- coming, including the furnishing of the rooms of the second-floor apartment which Keats occu- 186 [March 16, THE DIAL pied, and the Memorial was ready for its formal dedication. It should be added that a perpet- ual, if modest, endowment fund is provided by the rental of the otherwise unoccupied parts of the building. The dedicatory ceremonies were held April 3, 1909, in the presence of the King of Italy, the British and American Ambassadors, and about sixty invited guests, among whom were the Rev. Mr. Esdaile, Shelley's grandson, and Mr. Arthur Severn, the son of Joseph Severn. Sir Rennell Rodd opened the exercises with a few well-chosen words, expressing his trust that the house will remain in perpetuity "a centre of interest and a shrine of pilgrimage to all the English-speaking people who come to this hos- pitable Italy, which all our poets have loved and to which in the century which has lately closed a large portion of their genius has been dedi- cated." Mr. H. Nelson Gay, admitting that England had "furnished the poets" for the Memorial, said that America had shared in appreciating their genius, reprinting them steadily from 1821 onwards. And he added, addressing the King: "No project which bears the name of Italy can fail to receive enthusiastic support across the Atlantic." Mr. R. U. John- son, unable to be present, sent a letter paying tribute to Keats and Shelley — " the freshness of their verse; their soaring imagination; the exquisite music of their rhythms ; the ardor and breadth of their sympathies ; their steadfast con- viction of justice as the foundation of human government; the gracious tradition of their per- sonal lovableness, and the glowing ideality of their devotion to a noble art." An address by Signor Ferdinando Martini, statesman and scholar, was given in eloquent Italian. He brought a continental and quasi- political note into the proceedings, calling Keats "the Andre* Chenier of English poetry, the unwearied seeker after the perfection of form," and speaking of Shelley's prophetic vision that a century ago "perceived Rome rending the sacerdotal cowl, and the shepherds of Ausonia chasing the northern wolves across the Alps." A text from Carducci supplied Signor Martini's peroration: "Fremono freschi i pini per l'aura grande di Roma, Tu dove sei, poeta del liberate mondo?" The Italian poet asked his question of Shelley's urn; the Italian statesman answered it at the shrine newly dedicated to Shelley's memory. Mr. Arthur Severn, as the last speaker, told of the closing weeks of Keats's life, as he had often heard the tale from the lips of his own father. The King then pronounced the formula of dedi- cation, and the proceedings were over. Their purport was afterwards summed up in these simple and sincere verses by Mr. Harold Boulton: "From Britain, Empress of the worldwide seas, And from that proud republic of the West, The new Atlantis of our latter day, In April tide to Rome came embassies To greet two makers of sweet melodies, Where shreds of their mortality find rest Mid cypress trees and groves of poet's bay, And loving hearts keep green their memories. We, lovers of our poets and Italy, Are as their children's sons as men count years; These years, to them who soar in Fame's wide spheres, Are but one wing-beat in eternity." The furnishings of the memorial rooms have been provided by the New York Stock Exchange (in memory of E.C. Stedman), the late General W. J. Palmer of Colorado Springs, Mr. W. K. Bixby of St. Louis, and the Woman's Club of Minneapolis. The other contents include works of art, personal relics, autograph letters, various manuscripts, and a library already numbering a thousand titles, to which it is expected a second thousand will soon be added. The committee has wisely decided to extend the scope of the Memorial to all the English poets having close associations with Italy, in consequence of which decision the collection already includes some material relating to' Byron and Leigh Hunt. We trust that it will in time be made to include Landor, the Brownings, and Swinburne. We have hardly as yet had any American poet of high importance (with the possible exception of Longfellow), whose Italian associations would warrant admission to this distinguished com- pany. But the centuries may remedy even this defect in our record. The greater part of the Bulletin now pub- lished is devoted to a catalogue of the library, and a reprint of the letters acquired for the archives. Of this hitherto unpublished mate- rial, the most interesting part is found in a group of letters by Trelawny, relating in part to Shelley and Byron, and in part to his own adventurous enterprises. Letters by Shelley, Byron, Severn, and Trelawny are reproduced in photographic facsimile. An etching of the house, and two photogravure views of interiors, complete the list of illustrations. The Bulletin has thus documentary value on its own account, besides fulfilling its function as a record of the history of a peculiarly praiseworthy enterprise, now brought to a happy consummation. 1910.] 187 THE DIAL THE FIRST AMERICAN STUDENTS IN GERMANY. A fresh reading of George Ticknor's letters from Germany, as they appear in an attractive new edi- tion of his "Life, Letters, and Journals," published by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. and provided with an Introduction by Mr. Ferris Greenslet, recalls a period in the intellectual development of this country which is full of interest for the present generation, when so many American students are earning their Ph.D.'s in German universities. The influence of the German mind over the American mind has played so great a role in our intellectual and educational history that any facts pertaining to its establishment are of interest and value. When the time comes to measure the importance and extent of this influ- ence, these letters of Ticknor will be a valuable source of material. It was in August, 1815, when the young Bos- tonian whom Mr. Greenslet calls our first cosmo- politan scholar arrived in Gottingen, where he was to learn the real meaning of scholarship. Ticknor was, however, not the first American student to enter a German university, although the first to leave a published record of his experiences. Benja- min Smith Barton, of Pennsylvania, later an eminent physician and author of scientific works, had pre- ceded him at Gottingen, and had taken his doctor's degree there in 1799; also W. B. Astor of New York, and Edward Everett, whom he found there on his arrival, preparing himself for the Greek pro- fessorship in Harvard College. It is an interesting fact that Ticknor did not obtain his first knowledge of Gottingen from any one of these three countrymen, but from Madame de StaeTs work on Germany. This famous book, which first saw the light in England in 1813, dis- covered intellectual and spiritual Germany not only for France, but for the English-speaking world as well. The pitiful ignorance of the German language and literature prevailing in this country at that time is shown by Ticknor's account of his difficulties in obtaining some preliminary knowledge of the lan- guage of the country where he had decided to study. There was no one in Boston who could teach him. In Jamaica Plains he found an Alsatian, a teacher of mathematics, who was willing to help him, but who warned him that he spoke a dialect. He bor- rowed a grammar, French and German, from Ed- ward Everett; sent to New Hampshire, where he knew there was a Geramn dictionary, and obtained it; and after much seeking got hold of a copy of "Werther" for a reading-book. At Gottingen the young scholar from over-seas found the leading university of Germany, if not of Europe. Founded by George the Second, the university had enjoyed the special protection of the English crown until Hanover was incorporated into Westphalia under Jerome Bonaparte. While Napo- leon was pillaging the universities of Jena, Halle, and Leipzig, he spared Gottingen, which, he declared, belonged neither to Hanover nor to Germany, but to the world. The University was equally fortunate in escaping the clutches of Jerome. Ticknor realized at once that he had entered a new world. Among the many distinguished scholars and teachers, he found two of international reputation — Gauss the mathematician, and Blumenbach the naturalist, who were attracting students from the whole of Europe. For the first time in his life, says his editor, "he was made to understand and feel what is meant by instruction;" to know "the difference between recit- ing to a man and being taught by him." In a letter to his father he thus writes of his Greek tutor Dr. Schultze: "Every day I am filled with new astonishment at the variety and accuracy, the minuteness and leadiness of his learning. Every day I feel anew . . . what a mortifying distance there is between a European and an American scholar! We do not yet know what a Greek scholar is; we do not even know the process by which a man is to be made one. Mr. Schultze is hardly older than I am. ... It never entered into my imagination to conceive that any expense of time or talent could make a man so accomplished in this forgotten tongue as he is." The new-comer was also amazed by the prevailing industry. "If I desired to teach anybody the value of time, I would send him to spend a semester at Gottingen. Until I began to attend the lectures, and go frequently into the streets, I had no idea of the accuracy with which it is measured and sold by the professors. Every clock that strikes is the signal for four or five lectures to begin and four or five others to close. In the intervals you may go into the streets and find they are silent and empty; but the bell has hardly told the hour before they are filled with students, with their port- folios under their arms, hastening from the feet of one Gamaliel to those of another, — generally running, in order to save time. . . . As soon as they reach the room, they take their places and prepare their pens and paper. The pro- fessor comes in almost immediately, and from that time till he goes out, the sound of his disciples taking notes does not for an instant cease. . . . From the accuracy with which time is measured, what in all other languages is called a lesson is called in German ' an hour.' You are never asked if you take lessons of such a person, but whether you take 'hours' of him. . . . Visiting, as it is done in our [American] colleges, is a thing absolutely unknown here. If a man, who means to have any reputation as a scholar, sees his best friend once a week, it is thought quite often enough." The library of the university was a constant delight to the young student, as well as a reminder of the literary poverty of his own country. Speak- ing, after his return, of the library of Harvard Col- lege, he remarked: "When I went away, I thought it was a large library when I came back, it seemed a closetful of books." The young barbarian from the West excited interest in the Gottingen world on l)is own part. Endowed by nature with rare social gifts, he was received into the homes of his professors on terms of friendship. Together with his fellow-student, Everett, he was elected to the exclusive literary club of the university, a society composed of professors and a few chosen students. In reporting this honor to his father, he writes: "We were taken in as a kind of raree-show, I suppose, 188 [March 16, THE DIAL and we are considered, I doubt not, with much the same curiosity that a tame monkey or a dancing bear would be. We come from suoh an immense distance, that it is supposed we can be hardly civilized; and it is, I am told, a matter of astonishment to many that we are white." The young American himself may have been a "raree-show" for several distinguished visitors of the university of whom we catch glimpses in the letters. One of them was Wolf, "the corypheus of German philologists," of whom he writes: "He was curious about our country, and questioned me about our scholars and our scholarship. I told him what I could, — amongst other things, of a fashionable dashing preacher of New York having told me that he took great plea- sure in reading the choruses of iEschylus, and that he read them without the aid of a dictionary! I was walking with Wolf at the time, and on hearing this he stopped, squared round, and said, 'He told you that, did he?' 'Yes,' I answered. 'Very well; the next time you hear him say it, do you tell him he lies, and that I say so.'" Ticknor was not in pursuit of a degree ; and after a residence of twenty months he set out again on his travels, carrying with him an unanswered letter of great moment, the offer of the professorships of the French and Spanish languages and of Belles Lettret at Harvard College. Soon after his return from Europe in 1819, he was inducted with solemn cere- mony into these new professorships. At Harvard, then a college of twenty teachers and three hundred students, Ticknor found a state of affairs which would have completely discouraged a man of less ardent and optimistic temperament. The methods of instruc- tion were antiquated, the discipline weak; the govern- ing bodies had fallen into a state of laisser-faire, which made any change a slow and painful process. The reforms proposed by the new professor caused a great rattling among the dry bones at Cambridge. But the authorities had no taste for methods made in Germany, and the changes went no farther than his own department But if Ticknor did not have the gratification of seeing many of his suggestions adopted, to him belongs the honor of giving the initial impulse to the reforms which were finally to change into a university the institution which at that time did not deserve the name of college. Mr. Greenslet calls him "the originator of the university idea in America." Edward Everett, whom Ticknor had left behind at Gottingen, soon came home, bringing with him more German books for the Harvard library than all the rest of New England possessed. As soon as he was established as professor of Greek, one of his first acts was to urge upon the president of the col- lege the desirability of founding a travelling scholar- ship for the purpose of having some promising young scholar in training abroad for service to his alma mater. The suggestion was acted upon, and the choice fell upon George Bancroft, then in his eighteenth year. After three years in Gottingen, Bancroft returned to his native country, in 1820, with the degree of doctor of philosophy. For a year he was tutor at Harvard; but failed to receive a permanent appointment, and was also, somewhat later, refused permission to read lectures on history after the German privat docent method, a privilege which would have been granted him in Gottingen. Thus Bancroft's efforts to introduce an important feature of the German university was unsuccessful, and the future historian of his country never lent the distinction of his name to the faculty roll of its leading university. But the would-be reformer of his college is nevertheless entitled to a place in the history of American education. "With Dr. Joseph Green Cogswell, also the holder of a degree from Gottingen, he founded in 1823, at Northampton, Mass., the famous Round Hill School which was largely based upon German ideas. After the way had been pointed out, the aspiring young scholars of America began to realize that "homekeeping youths have ever homely wits," and to follow those pioneers in ever-increasing numbers. It is a noticeable fact that Gottingen was the shrine of most of those early pilgrimages. For the year 1829 the Book of the American Colony (an organiza- tion which still exists) shows the name of Longfellow followed under the rubric of " Faculty" by " SchOne- wissenschaft," an excellent term for the refined learning of Ticknor's successor at Harvard. Other distinguished names on the colony's roll-book are Emerson and Motley. It was at Gottingen that Motley formed his famous friendship with Bismarck. Like his predecessors, he had already finished his college course at home, which fact, however, had not made him too serious-minded for the peculiar pleasures of a German fighting corps. After his death, the Iron Chancellor, in a letter to Dr. Holmes, wrote of his old corpsbruder that he studied more than most corps members; also that he attempted original German poems and had planned a translation of Goethe's "Faust." In an account of those early Americans at Gottingen, mention should also be made of F. H. Hedge, whom Dr. Harris has called "the great German scholar thoroughly equipped and fully possessed of the German spirit, the German fountain among the Transcendentalists." The reader may ask why these first Americans chose the German universities instead of Oxford and Cambridge. One would suppose, without further thought, that Oxford "with her dreaming spires" would have been the intellectual Mecca of such men as Ticknor and Longfellow. The explanation is not far to seek: the English universities have never treated foreign students with liberality; nor did their peculiar character at the time in question permit of that universality of learning which Madame de Stael emphasized as characteristic of the universities of Germany. "Their teaching begins," she wrote, "where that of most other nations ends." To trace the full significance and influence of the ideas brought back from Germany by these first Americans who went there for study will be an important duty of the future historian of American culture. Ellen C. Hinsdale. 1910.] 189 THE DIAL CASUAL COMMENT. The annual reports of the Carnegie Foun- dation have within a short time come to be looked forward to as important expressions of opinion upon current problems of higher education. The report for 1909 is no exception to this rule, and brings some very pertinent comments upon college adver- tising, upon financial statements, upon politics in State universities, and upon the significance of agri- cultural education. But there is one item in the report that is certain to command far more general attention than any of these, and, indeed, is likely to cause consternation in academic circles and to arouse a decided word of protest wherever academic interests are cherished. The Dial is able to refer with pleasure to its strong words of commendation of the purposes of the Foundation when the meas- ures adopted to promote its aims were first an- nounced ; and now, after an experience of only four years, it regrets to see one of the two fundamental policies, which gave to professors the right of retire- ment after twenty-five years of service, suddenly and unexpectedly withdrawn. The withdrawal is unaccompanied by word of regret, or even of excuse for its immediate execution. Retirements under this clause are in the future to be limited to cases of disability; and it is set forth that because only a small proportion of those who have in three or four years availed themselves of this privilege did so by reason of disability, the result is widely different from what was anticipated. Yet there is nothing in the original regulations which suggests disability as a prime cause for retirement. Indeed, the whole Bet of reasons given to support the decision seem so slight as to suggest the presence of a far more decisive factor in the probable inadequacy of the funds. Now it is a most dangerous policy in uni- versity administration to give one set of reasons, when in reality the situation is urgent, in terms of a very different set. The old injunction to hold separate that which is Caesar's and that which has higher responsibilities, is not out of place here. It must be evident that an announcement that pro- fessors may look forward to retiring upon either one of two bases which they may personally prefer, is equivalent to a promise; and that in view of such a promise, the lives and activities of a small but worthy part of influential communities will be pro- foundly affected. A number of protests against the proposed change have already appeared, and all point to the conclusion that the only way for the Foundation to restore confidence in its policies is to postpone the execution of this decision until it is made financially necessary. It is particularly im- portant that the present obligation which the Foun- dation has accepted in regard to those men who in five or ten years would look forward to shaping their careers with reference to the use of this privi- lege, shall not be evaded. It is certainly a most regrettable situation that an institution which was distinctly created to advance the cause of learning and make more favorable the conditions under which the academic life in this country is followed should so early in its career have aroused a situation the more aggravating because of a benefit conferred and withdrawn. It is inevitable that such a situa- tion will draw forth, and above all from the friends of the Foundation, a most earnest protest for a reconsideration of this unfortunate decision. The rain returning after the cloud might be a paraphrase from Scripture to describe the process by which great reservoirs of wealth — accumulated by an alchemy scarcely less subtle and mysterious than that by which moisture from the earth is sucked up into elouds — when over- charged yield back their treasures to the source whence they came. How much of credit is due to the clouds that "bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers " by discharging moisture they can no longer hold, and how much to the owners of the wealth restored, is a matter less vital than the fact of restoration. Considerations of practical wis- dom, if nothing more, dictate full recognition of acts tending toward public good. For such acts, two men in America have long been preeminent; and now one of them, Mr. Rockefeller, has opened wider still the gates of his seemingly inexhaustible reservoir for purposes of beneficence that might almost be described as the general amelioration of mankind. A bill incorporating "The Rockefeller Foundation," a sort of friendly rival to the Carnegie Foundation, has been introduced in Congress and referred to the Senate District Committee. In the words of the document, the object in view is "to promote the well-being and to advance the civiliza- tion of the people of the United States and its Territories and possessions, and of foreign lands, in the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, in the prevention and relief of suffering, and in the promotion of any and all the elements of human progress.". The reported intention of Mr. Rocke- feller to give away most of his wealth in his lifetime seems in a fair way to be carried out. If it is his ambition to die a poor man, while most of the rest of us are foolishly nursing the contrary aspiration, the cause of learning and enlightenment, of progress and of charity, appears likely to profit materially thereby. The end of a famous journalistic dynasty which comprised four generations and dated from 1788, has come at last in the death of Arthur Fraser Walter, great-grandson of the John Walter who founded the London "Times," and himself since 1894 either chief proprietor, or more recently chairman of the board of directors to which the management of the paper had passed after Mr. Alfred Harmsworth (now Lord Northcliffe) had pur- chased a controlling interest. It was in Arthur's father's time that the tide of fortune turned against the "Thunderer" as a result of its ill-judged pub- 190 [March 16, THE DIAL lication of the so-called Parnell letters or Piggott forgeries—a performance that is said to have cost John Walter nearly a million pounds. The tale since then of chancery proceedings, of various alien enterprises essayed by the journal (notably the "Times Book Club" and the "Encyclopaedia Brit- annica" reprint), and of other indications of a loss of solidity and prestige, must have been not exactly a joyous one to the late Mr. Walter. "The Times" without its Walter will seem to many of its old sub- scribers and readers quite a different paper. How softened is now its thunder as compared with its earth-shaking note in the days of J. T. Delane — Jupiter Tonans Delane, as he might be called. • • • The making of poets and dramatists is now a part of the programme of the fully equipped uni- versity. A "course in writing poetry" is offered, if reports are true, at the Missouri State University; and at Harvard the art of the playwright has for some years figured among the things taught in the classroom. "The Technique of the Drama. Lec- tures and Practice. . . . Three plays are required of each student: an adaptation in one act; an origi- nal one-act play; and a play of at least three acts." This is to-day a course in good and regular standing in the college on the Charles, under Professor George P. Baker's competent direction; and the number of recent Harvard graduates who have achieved greater or less distinction in the writing of plays, whether for the stage or the closet, seems to indicate that at least encouragement and wise coun- sel are to be had from the professor of the dramatic art — who may himself never have written an acting play in his life. The endeavor is now being made to endow a professorship of dramatic literature at Harvard, and to raise money for the building of a suitable theatre for the use of the Harvard Dramatic Association. ... The restoration of Homer to his old-time throne on the very peak of Parnassus, whence Wolf and later disbelievers in any such man as Homer had hurled him down as an empty impostor, a mere name and nothing more, has been at least partially effected by a little pamphlet in which Pro- fessor John A. Scott of Northwestern University adduces proof to show that the disputed ninth, tenth, twenty-third, and twenty-fourth books of the Iliad contain no more peculiar or suspiciously recent terms than do the other books. This scholarly attempt to give us back our blind bard is appre- ciatively welcomed by no less a Grecian and Homeric scholar than Mr. Andrew Lang, who con- tributes to the London "Morning Post" a com- mendatory and interesting column on the general subject of Mr. Scott's pamphlet, and adds in closing: "Meanwhile, an English scholar, Miss Stawell, of Newnham College, has done for the comparative grammar and metre of the Iliad and Odyssey what Mr. Scott has done for the vocabulary, with the same results, in her 'Homer and the Iliad.' Thus the higher criticism may be said to have collapsed." The Southern Library Training School, established five years ago by Mr. Carnegie, and since 1907 known as the Library Training School of the Carnegie Library of Atlanta, issues a small and business-like "Circular of Information," from which we learn that it now enjoys a permanent income of four thousand five hundred dollars — thanks to its founder — and has a Faculty of seven, all women. Its course covers three terms, extend- ing from late September to the end of May, and amounting to 464 hours of classroom work. The subjects taught are grouped under seven general heads, and seem well selected to cover the essentials of library science. The school cannot, of course, expect to turn out in one year a ready-made Panizzi or Poole or Putnam; but there appears no reason why the young person who has it in him or her to become a librarian should not get a fair start at the Atlanta school. The moderateness of the expense involved is an attractive feature of the course. There is still in the South abundant room for library training schools, as there is also for libraries. ... The persistence of poetry, despite the insig- nificance of the material reward offered to even the most successful of poets, is a thing which may make the aspiring poet take heart again. The amount of verse, and good verse, now being published in En- gland is by no means small; and the amount seek- ing publication is many times larger. Mr. Stephen Gwynn, writing in the "Nineteenth Century," com- pares the present age with the period immediately succeeding Shakespeare's death; both alike showing a great variety of genuine and delightful poetry. He makes a study of two recent poets, Messrs. James Stephens and W. H. Davies, and maintains that good verse, however limited its sale, has a far better chance of being remembered—of achieving immortality, we might say—than any prose writing of corresponding excellence. The novel, the book of essays, the his- tory, the biography, please most at the first reading, and seldom do they receive a second; but the poem gives increasing pleasure the oftener it is read. ... "Making culture hum" with the humming wheels of industry seems to be a matter of keen concern in the educational world just now, if we may judge from the advertisements of not a few academies and colleges and even universities. In his current report, President Pritchett of the Car- negie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching animadverts upon certain features of college adver- tising. The transgression of the bounds of aca- demic propriety, and even of common decency, in the effort to draw students, is much deplored. Among certain more or less astonishing or amusing devices noted by Dr. Pritchett as resorted to by some of our enterprising institutions of learning, we read the following alluring offer from a Virginia college: "To any parent who has twelve children, ten of them living, two of them in the college at the same time, one free literary tuition will be given; 1910.] 191 THE DIAL if only one is sent, one-half tuition will be given." This combined appeal to the anti-race-suicide in- stinct and the love of polite learning should be tremendously effective. COMMUNICA TIONS. THE "BEST SELLER" AND ROMANCE. ("To the Editor of The Dial.) Isn't the contributor who writes of the "genteel atmosphere" of the "best seller" a little too hard on the reading public? Is it the gentility of high life that they crave, or the romance? And surely the craving for romance is a legitimate emotion, and the greatest art, as well as the most flagrant artifice, satisfies it. For my part, I don't believe it is because we are such snobs that we like to read about princes and heiresses, motor-cars, European tours, Worth gowns, and expen- sive cafe's; it is because we are romantic. We can't, in this matter-of-fact age, thoroughly believe in fairies, Alladin's lamp, white magic, and all the other pleasant possibilities that in the "good old days" used to alle- viate the unendurable commonplaceness of humdrum * existence. But one magic power is still left us — money. We see it — we who have n't it — oiling the wheels to wonderful speed and efficiency. "Life's a gift scarce worth receiving And we hae rauckle care andgrievin'; But, oiled by thee. The wheels o' life gang down-hill, scrievin' Wi' rattlin' glee." Money brings mountains to Mahomet or Mahomet to the mountains, according as Mahomet decrees; trans- forms ugliness to beauty, dullness to piquant adventure. We know, in our sober senses, that this modem magic has its limitations — that there are many things it can't give its fortunate possessors; but we would like to try, for once in a way, what it could do for us, with our talents, our ingenuity, our zest for the joy of living. Of course that is the real magic, ancient or modern, — zest for the joy of living; but it would be too much to expect of the average man that he should find it out, or even believe it; money-magic appeals to his material mind. And so, while craving for romance remains a leading motive in the doings of this work-a-day world, the beggar-maid cannot get into the "best seller " — unless she marries the King. The realist may depict the weary round of petty tasks with wonderful adroit- ness and discrimination; he will never write a "best seller." So I consider the "genteel atmosphere" too Philistine an expression. I should state the formula of the " best seller" thus: a presentation of people like ourselves, doing what we want to do, in places where we want to be, — and that, for most of us, unanalytic and little experienced in the ironies of life, means in places where the modern magic doth much abound, not because it is "genteel" to be rich, but because it is, as we thoughtlessly suppose, delightfully, unbelievably romantic. Margaret Vance. Oak Park, M., March 4, 1910. THE USE OF THE "PRINTER'S CATCHWORD." (To the Editor of The Dial.) The typographical perplexity set forth by a corre- spondent in your last issue has doubtless been experienced by mauy other readers of books of poetry. Would not a simple way out of the difficulty be the adoption, in cases such as those to which he refers, of the old habit of printing the "catchword " at the foot of the page ?— i.e., print the first word of the line which begins on the next page, thus: The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And Charles Welsh. Winthrop, Mass., March 7,1910. [Apparently Mr. Welsh does not quite apprehend the difficulty pointed out by our previous correspond- ent, who complained that in reading books of poetry he often was perplexed by the absence of any- thing at the bottom of a page to indicate at a glance whether the last line completed a stanza, or the stanza was divided at that point and carried over to the next page. This applies particularly, of course, to stanzas of different lengths, and when the last line on a page ends with a period. We do not see that the catch- word would help the matter in the example given, the comma and the single line being sufficient indica- tion of a divided stanza. Nor would Mr. House's suggestion of a blank line at the bottom of a page and another at the top of the following one be practically effective. The confusion arises, of course, from the fact that usage gives no other means of dividing stanzas than their separation by much more blank space than that used between other lines in the same book. Unless dashes or dots, or other mechanical signs, are used to separate stanzas, the evil will have to be endured; although it is one that affects, whether they understand it or not, all careful readers of poetry. — Edr. The Dial.] ORIGIN OF A STOCK PHRASE. (To the Editor of The Dial.) I wish someone could inform me what he believes to be the origin of that lugubrious stock phrase," in the cold and silent grave." Does it belong to some frater- nity ritual, some early dirge or hymn, some novel or history, — or what? It certainly is not of the Bible, nor of Bryant's "Thanatopsis." Yet it has the sound of a threadbare adage, worn out of gentle usage, but of some original pretensions. Can anyone tell? S. T. Kidder. McGregor, Iowa, March 5, 1910. [We should regard the phrase as the property of anyone who cared to use it, — one of those obvious collocations like " a cold, dreary day in November," "a mild, balmy spring day," "the bustling, noisy city," with no known origin except the dictionary. Turning the words over in one's mind, they do take on, as our correspondent says, "the sound of a threadbare adage." Did not Curran, in his court- room speech, say to his judges, "My lamp of life is nearly extinguished; I am going to the cold and silent grave"? Yet he did not need to have taken the words from Sir Walter Raleigh, who, in lines written on the night before his death, spoke of "the dark and silent grave." And the words have doubtless been used innumerable times by others, who never knew of their use by Curran or by Raleigh.—Edr. The Dial.] 192 [March 16, THE DIAL, ftfrt leto gooks. A Traveller en the Forbidden Laxd.* The source of the Indus has for centuries lain hidden in the mountain fastnesses of the great central plateau of Asia, as secure from the contaminating gaze of the European explorer as is still Dangra-yum-tso, the sacred lake of the Tibetans. But the head-waters of the Indus, the Brahmaputra, and the Sutlej have at last been mapped by the dreaded foreigner, though the intrepid Sven Hedin still finds every ap- proach to the lake of holy waters barred by armed horsemen. Travelling in Tibet evidently lacks the com- forts of home, and offers no substitutes save the satisfaction of leaving on the map of Asia the record of a massive range of mountains happily christened the "Trans-Himalaya," of completing the survey of the head-waters of three great rivers of the continent, and of filling in the geographic details of certain bands across that great white place on the map which for- merly bore only the laconic label" Unexplored." It is cold in Tibet, even in summer. The monsoon blows incessantly day and night. The snows begin early in autumn and continue till late in the spring. Hedin's route on the great plateau was all of it at an altitude exceeding 12,000 feet, and often over 18,000. For two years, through summer's blinding storms and winter's baffling snows, he pushed doggedly on, wearing out caravan after caravan of horses, mules, yaks, even goats and sheep, in a grim battle with the forces of nature, crossing and re-crossing eight different passes of the Trans- Himalaya range. The reader is compelled by the modesty of the writer to re-read the simple account of his mid-winter battle with the ele- ments in the desert and desolate Karokorum Mountains, in order to appreciate fully the magnitude of the task and the success of its accomplishment. Obliged by the secret nature of his enterprise to discard most of the appur- tenances of the civilization to which he had bidden farewell a year before, accompanied by a mere handful of ignorant but faithful Lada- kis, without guides in a trackless wilderness of snowclad peaks, he brought the remnant of his little caravan through by sheer force of leader- • Trans-Himalaya: Discoveries and Adventures in Tibet. By Sven Hedin. In two volumes. With 388 illustrations from photographs, water-colour sketches, and drawings, by the author; and ten maps. New York: The Macmillan Co. ship. Conditions of temperature, altitude, and storm tested the powers of human endurance almost as severely as in polar explorations. The courage with which Hedin attempted to penetrate these unknown mountain fastnesses in the dead of winter at altitudes towering far above Alpine summits is not less than sublime. He has made Trans-Himalayan the superlative of Alpine in the vocabulary of mountaineering. The desert is swept by blinding dust and sand storms; water is scanty and found with diffi- culty, and then all too often bitter or salt. Nomads' trails are followed at one's peril, while fuel and fodder are scarce; for Tibet is much of it a treeless desert. There is no playing to the galleries in Hedin's portrayal of the thrilling parts of his narrative. A touch of rhetorical effect is reserved for the sentimental treatment which he gives to the loss of his faithful beasts of burden or to the various and sundry litters of puppies added to his cara- van, for the reflections on the lives of the self- immured lamas, or for the gruesome details of the revolting customs which the Tibetans use in the disposal of their dead. The narrative of his travels is detailed and encyclopaedic. He sees Tibet through a geographer's eyes, and describes it with geographical completeness. No particu- lar of elevation, orographic structure, or rate of flow of stream, no configuration of distant moun- tain range, escapes his nimble recording pencil. He fairly revels in geographic detail; the hur- ried or casual reader can hardly see Tibet for the landscape. It is but fair to characterize the book as one of exploration rather than travel, of information rather than mere entertainment. The pages afford abundant and carefully re- corded data regarding the country and people along the routes, enlivened continually by the minor details of human interest, by the minutiae of caravan life, of his horses, yaks, and dogs, and even of his sheep, which often served as refractory beasts of burden when horses and yaks failed. One soon comes to know the mem- bers of his caravan, — the intelligent Robert from the mission station at Srinagar, the only Eurasian in his following; the efficient Muhamed Isa, his caravan bashi; and crafty Panchor, the grafting guide, friend of all the nomad robbers. His followers, in spite of the perils into which he led them, and great physical discomforts to which they were subjected, gave him yeoman service, and parted from him with tears and lamentations. Mountain chains, swift icy rivers, trackless wind-swept salty deserts, deep snow, and shortage 1910.] 193 THE DIAL of fuel and water, were not the only obstacles Hedin had to overcome. Tibet was closed to all foreigners, by formal agreement of four nations noted for their astute diplomacy—Tibet, China, Great Britain, and Russia. All appeals to the Liberal Government in England for permission to enter the forbidden land by way of India met with courteous but firm refusal. Baffled at Simla in his efforts to enter from the south, he plunged into Kashmir and entered Tibet from the northwest, reaching Shigatse, one hundred and fifty miles from Lhasa, through the sparsely- peopled country of the nomad tribes, before the Tibetan authorities stopped him and firmly com- pelled him to leave the country. A diplomatic battle-royal ensued, in which the explorer's "religious scruples" against returning by the route by which he entered stood him in good stead ; for Tibetans are the most religious people in the world, andgave his geographical conscience its just dues in so far that they permitted him to zigzag his way back to the Kashmir frontier along a formerly explored route. A new agreement of Great Britain and Russia, in which China was requested to concur, expressly forbade for a period of three years all scientific expeditions into Tibet. This rendered doubly difficult all attempts to creep back into the forbidden land. The author says: "The country of Tibet will doubtless in the future be closed as strictly as hitherto; for the supremacy oyer Tibet is a political question of the first importance to China, not only because Tibet is, as it were, a huge fortress with ramparts, walls, and ditches, protecting China, but also on account of the great spiritual iufluence which the two popes exercise over all Mongolians. As long as China has the Dalai Lama in its power, it can keep the Mongols in check; while in other circumstances the Dalai Lama could stir them up to insurrection against China. And Mongolia is also the buffer-state between China and Russia." A new caravan was, however, secretly equipped in Kashmir which, starting ostensibly northward, plunged again in mid-winter into Western Tibet through the uninhabited wastes of Kuen-Lun, only to be stopped again after crossing once more the Trans-Himalayan range, and ordered post- haste from the land. Once more " religious" scruples and clever diplomacy won for Hedin the privilege of a circuitous route outward, and made possible a number of important additions to the maps of Tibet. The two bulky volumes of the present work do not afford opportunity for the full story of the return trip and the difficult traverse of the Himalayas by a new route. This, with an account of Tibetan monasteries, and of the trip through Japan, Korea, and Manchuria, is prom- ised in a later work ; while the youthful appetite for adventure is to be supplied by a selection of thrilling Tibetan experiences. The illustrations of the work are exceptionally fine and very abundant. The author's sketches are confessedly not works of art, but they give a vivid impression of the atmospheric color- effects in this great plateau, and of scenes in the great monastery of Shigatse, while also enliven- ing and enlarging the reader's appreciation of places, peoples, and incidents. Few books of exploration contain so much information so well told as these volumes of Hedin's about the For- bidden Land. Chakles Atwood Kofoid. Our Diplomatic Dealings with Spain.* The war with Spain, which resulted in the transfer of Porto Rico and the Philippines to the United States and in the establishment of substantial American control over Cuba, has already formed the topic of a large literature. Of this literature, much, as might be expected where the matter deals with events so close at hand, is partisan ; much is incomplete ; and still more lacks the higher intellectual authority and judgment which come from the larger view possible only where events are placed in their true perspective with reference to others by being viewed down a vista of years. Admiral Chadwick's volume on the diplomatic relations of the United States and Spain is an acceptable and valuable contribution to the growing body of material dealing with the Spanish war, and it has the additional merit (as the title intimates) of presenting a study of our recent relations with Spain simply as the latest steps in a long series of negotiations extending back to " diffi- culties which had their seed in the peace of 1763." The book has thus a broad historical quality which marks it out as more than a con- tribution to contemporary politics, although of its 610 pages about a third are devoted to the years 1895-1898. Admiral Chadwick, after a general introduc- tion, begins with a chapter on the attitude of Spain in the American Revolution, and follows this with a discussion of the treaty of 1795 which came as a result of the intrigue and dis- content in Louisiana. The question of Florida, the negotiations of 1804-5, and the collateral historical events, are carefully covered. Later, * The Relations of the United States and Spain: Diplomacy. By French Ensor Chadwick, Rear Admiral U. S. Navy. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 194 [March 16, THE DIAL the author turns to our proposed alliance with Great Britain, which gave place to trafficking with France. Napoleon's invasion of Spain and its effect in this country, the relations of Great Britain and Spain, Spanish land-grants, and the position of the United States regarding these questions and the South American situation, carry Admiral Chadwick to the end of his eighth chapter. His ninth section is an interesting discussion of the Holy Alliance, Canning's posi- tion on American affairs, and the Congress of Verona. This leads by natural stages to the development of the Monroe Doctrine and the origin of the Panama Congress. Our attitude toward slavery and the Cuban question, and our assurances to Spain in 1840 and the following years, are then dealt with. Admiral Chadwick gives substantial attention to Cuban affairs, and continues with a valuable discussion of the rela- tions of Cuba and the United States during the decade 1850-1860, which brings his history to the opening of the Civil War, and closes his thirteenth chapter. The author recognizes the important bearing which our abolition of slavery had upon the Cuban question, and this recogni- tion shows itself throughout his subsequent dis- cussion of our dealings with Spain. He reviews with care and detail President Grant's Cuban views, the position of Secretary Fish, and the events which ultimately led to the disturbances in Cuba and to our forcible interference. In all these matters the great merit of Admiral Chadwick's book is seen in his reliance upon state papers and direct historical sources; while the main criticism on his use of material must be that he has apparently employed but little Spanish documentary information. The chief immediate interest in this study of our relations with Spain will, however, lie largely in Admiral Chadwick's later chapters in which he deals with the events subsequent to 1895. Here he has considered at length the attitude of the Cleveland administration toward the Cuban question and the Spanish government generally, the policy of Secretary Olney, Spain's lack of un- derstanding of the feeling in the United States, the position assumed by President McKinley, the condition of the Cuban people, General Weyler, his policy and his final recall, the regime established by Consul General Lee in Cuba and his relations with the military authori- ties there, the destruction of the Maine, the find- ings of the court of inquiry thereon, conditions at Madrid, and the opening of the war. It is one of the most interesting features of this part of the work, that Admiral Chadwick concedes fully and frankly that Spain had by the begin- ning of April, before the final break which led to war, practically accepted American demands with regard to Cuba, in full. Much of the mat- ter in this portion of the volume is, in fact, a transcript of documentary matter carefully selected and put together. He regards the war as "the final act in the struggle for supremacy between Anglo-Saxons and men of the Latin race in North America, in which Philip, Elizabeth, Drake, Howard, Chatham, Vernon, Wolf, Mont- calm, Washington, all had a part. The expedi- tion of the Great Armada, the murderous early struggles in Carolina and Florida, the seven years' war which drove France from the Amer- can continent, were but acts in the drama the culmination of which, in 1898, left the Anglo- Saxon and the American in Mexico masters of the whole of the northern continent. It was the end of a race struggle which had lasted full three hundred years." Admiral Chadwick's book will be a valuable compendium of diplomatic information relative to relations with Spain from Colonial days down to the present. Its expressions of opinion are, as far as they relate to recent history, sufficiently few and sufficiently dispassionate. Although the writer's sympathies are plainly evident, they are nowhere unduly thrust forward or presented in a biased way. Indeed, at times one wishes there had been less citation of papers and more critical analysis; but this error, if it be such, is on the side of safety, and will not be objected to by the student. It is probably true that an examina- tion of Spanish archives, and the publication of such matter relative to recent events as is neces- sarily to be expected at a later date, will supply information upon certain matters which Admiral Chadwick has been compelled to deal with in a relatively incomplete way. For the present, he has performed an extremely useful service in giving to the public this extensive historical review of our relations with that nation which first opened the American continent to civiliza- tion and development. H. Parker Willis. A literary FRAUD of an uncommonly cold-blooded kind is announced from Paris, in connection with the Empress Eugenie. In anticipation of the death of this aged woman, some unscrupulous publishers are said to have concocted a volume of pretended memoirs, to be foisted upon the market as soon as she departs this life. The nefarious scheme is exposed and vigorously de- nounced by M. Jules Clare1 tie, who says: "I have been solemnly assured that the Empress, who has chosen to keep silent with regard to the events of the past, has not written a single line of these 'Memoirs' that are to be attributed to her." 1910.] 195 THE DIAL The Prophet of Modern Music* In the year 1685 there were born in Germany two men whose future task it was to lay the foundation of the art which is distinctively that of modern times. Sculpture is Greek, architec- ture is ancient and mediaeval, painting belongs to the Renaissance, poetry is universal and free from time limitations; but music has reached its development in the last two centuries. The remarkable men referred to were Bach and Handel. Born in the same year, they also took their flight from earth in the same decade. The one came of a long musical ancestry, the other relied upon his own inborn genius. They were engaged upon the same great task; they were actuated by similar motives and purposes; they made a noble contribution to the happiness and elevation of mankind. They united in themselves the best attain- ments of their predecessors, and they made con- quests that were impossible to earlier men. Music had been decisively developing in its elements and resources. The forms of the com- position, the perfection of the instruments, the upbuilding of structures vast and impressive, solicited the attention and determined the ener- gies of the followers of the art. Bach and Handel came as the leaders and chief exponents of an art that had a numerous body of votaries. The instrument that was making extraordinary ad- vances was the organ; the song that was chal- lenging the composer for its richer development was the religious choral; the orchestra in its independence was making an appeal quite irre- sistible; the opera had found a congenial climate in Italy, and the Germans were eager and active in its introduction into their more serious land. There were remarkable executants and writers — Frescobaldi, with his novel and brilliant audaci- ties; Pachelbel, possessing the Teutonic thorough- ness; and, greatest of all, Buxtehude, exercising a powerful influence on his students and followers. The young John Sebastian Bach responded ardently to these stimulating demands, and felt able to bring to successful conclusion what the others were not yet ready to accomplish. He found himself the centre of a large and splendid activity, and his place was first among those who did the most and carried the art of music farthest on its way. He was born at Eisenach, in Germany, and came of a family of musicians. For generations * Johann Sebastian Bach. The Story of the Develop- ment of a Great Personality. By C. Hubert H. Parry. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. the Bachs had been devoted to the art, and num- bered many notable men among their kindred. Their gifts all descended to the great man who made them partakers of his fame—who concen- trated in himself all the tendencies of his time, and was the genuine forerunner and progenitor of that achievement in music which places it side by side with the highest artistic attainments of the world. Bach lost both parents while he was very young, and went to live with an older brother, John Christoph, who was a musician of some eminence, and who held an appoint- ment as organist in Ohrdruff, a village not far from Eisenach. Of this period in his life Sir Hubert Parry says: "In such a home new influences inevitably began to operate. Without laying undue stress on the difference between the art of a town musician and that of a musi- cian attached to a church establishment, it cannot be gainsaid that the regular, quiet, orderly, and sober existence of an organist of a church, the peculiar artis- tic atmosphere, and the kind of work which falls to his lot to do, are liable to exert a great and lasting influence upon the unfolding mind of a young musician. The better part of such influence is sobering. It leads to the concentration of the faculties upon the actual facts of art and to finding pleasure and reward in them rather than in the applause which brilliant individual achievement, either as performer or composer, may evoke. And under this influence it is easy to see that the character of the young musician soon received a permanent bent." The education of the youth was carefully attended to, but at best it was not anything that we should nowadays regard as adequate. He was a pupil of Pachelbel's, and during his earlier life he made a number of expeditions to study with certain leading men, notably Bohm and Buxtehude, and with the latter he remained so long over his leave of absence that he was in danger of losing the post which he then held. Like Shakespeare and Beethoven, his chief edu- cation came from his independent using and bringing to perfection of the great powers with which he found himself endowed, as soon as he arrived at self-consciousness. He was thrown upon his own resources early; at the age of fifteen he held a position in the convent school of St. Michael's at Liineberg, for which he received an insignificant stipend. He had sub- sequent appointments at Arnstadt, at Weimar, at Cothen, and at last went to Leipsic and was made cantor of the St. Thomas School, a place which he held until his death in 1750. He was also organist of the two leading churches in Leipsic. He was twice married, and left a large number of children, some of whom attained considerable musical distinction. He was a man 196 [March 16, THE DIAL of sturdy independence of character, serious and deeply religious; he was honored at his death, but his full recognition was left to men and times that succeeded him. The period of Bach's novitiate closed with his call to Weimar in 1708. He had attained his Meisterschafl, and now began the mature period of his splendor as a composer. He was an indefatigable worker; his creative power came from an apparently inexhaustible source, and his productions — cantatas, motets, tocca- tas, fugues, passion music, masses — proceeded in a never-ending stream. His life broadened and deepened at Weimar; he came in contact with the reigning Duke, he found himself in association with men of his own type and tem- perament. Moreover, the Protestantism there was of the Orthodox rather than the Pietist kind. As the present biographer says: "He (the Duke of Weimar) belonged to the group which was distinguished technically as being orthodox, among whose objects it was to main- tain the ancient musical traditions of the Church, as distinguished from the Pietists, to whom anything in the shape of artistic accesso- ries and appeals to the poetic imagination was abhorrent. So in this respect John Sebastian was sure of a field to exercise his powers." During the Weimar period Bach sounded the heights and depths of the cantata. He unfolded this form as no man before him had done, and he fashioned a unity of chorals which practically brought into the world a new work of art. Some of his greatest achievements belong to this time. Toccatas and fugues and fantasies of astonishing amplitude gave evidence of his mas- tery. He had become conscious of his art and its infinite resources. Sir Hubert Parry finds it somewhat difficult to assign a reason for Bach's willingness to leave Weimar, where so much had been to his mind, and where such successes had been won. The reasons were probably more subjective than would strike the simple on-looker. At Cothen a new field of his art allured him. The organ should not exclusively call him devotee; the larger opportunities of the orchestra were open- ing to him. Composers before him and around him, in Italy and in Germany, — Corelli, Scar- latti, Reinken, — were bringing into play the special characteristics and resources of the vari- ous instruments, and, as our author says: "Bach's energy in exploring the possibilities of secu- lar instrumental music during the time when he was at Cothen seems to have been all-embracing. His oppor- tunities of hearing such music were plentiful, and there being no special inducements to write choral music on a grand scale, his mind was more free to address itself to various forms of this large branch of art." So we get his concertos and suites for different instruments, his overtures, his sonatas, accom- panied or unaccompanied, for the violin, and his epoch-making "Wohltemperirtes Clavier." The next step will of course be to put all these musical resources together. But before that occurs, there is another migration, the last, to a larger field of labor. He takes up his sojourn in Leipsic, where he remains until his death. He succeeded Kuhnau, a versatile and distin- guished musician, as cantor of the Thomas Schule, a foundation under the control of the City Council. He now returns to the produc- tion of cantatas, but with the largeness and mas- tery that came from full maturity of power, and the high consciousness thereof. He also attains the recognition of the universality of the musical forms, and, although a consistent Protestant, pours his religious ardor into the moulds fur- nished by the Church Catholic. To this period belong the chief successes of his career, the imposing Magnificat, the Mass in B minor to which no epithet except incomparable is applica- ble, and the wonderful Matthew Passion Music. With these are to be grouped the Fugue in B minor, the grand Toccata in F, and the Fantasia in G minor. His work draws to a close, and his end is only another example of the ingratitude of an unthinking generation, and the failure of those near the benefactor to take him for what he is. Bach belongs with the great upbuilders of music ; it was his to give consistent form to the masses of material long accumulating, to seize upon the characteristics of instrument after instrument and find for each its place in the great whole, to show what could be done with the concerto, the sonata, the mass, and to bring them into that perfection of form which could alone lead to their setting forth their complete significance. With Palestrina as his genuine predecessor, and Handel as his compeer and co- adjutor, he made of music a vehicle of expression not to be surpassed. He was both the consum- mation of what preceded him and the prophet of what was to come. No art had taken so long a time to ripen and mature as Music. He was the chosen instrumentality to bring its elements together. Of his musical accomplishment, Sir Hubert Parry says: "For over one hundred and fifty years since Bach's death composers have been constantly endeavoring to enhance their artistic resources; and yet with all their devoted and unsparing efforts they do not appear to 1910.] 197 THE DIAL have got much beyond the standard of his achievements. In some respects indeed they seem like people who have turned aside from a path which appeared rather too arduous and have gone a long way round, only to find themselves after a long climb at much the same place as they started from." The opera was in full blast with Reiser in the neighboring town of Hamburg, and Bach visited there; he also met the composer Hasse, at Dresden. He was not allured, however, into any efforts in the direction which these men had taken. His great contemporary, Handel, spent years in the production of operas, but at last abandoned them for the serious work of his life. The music of Italy had some attraction for Bach; the charm and fluency of its melody held him with its fascination, as they must hold everyone; but he wove the lighter strands suc- cessfully into his stronger texture, and gave them such use and privilege as conduced to the fulfilment of his more strenuous aims. Poly- phony, of which he was the great master, has found a triumphant re-birth in Beethoven, Wagner, Strauss. After Bach's death, the world gave him small attention ; his manuscripts were divided among his sons, and posterity was in danger of losing them. Fortunately, the younger son, Philipp Emanual, took care of his portion, — the elder son, Friedmann, being dissipated and disposing of the precious works at his need and caprice, thus causing an irreparable loss. For a time Bach was in an eclipse; but he was sure to come into his own. The resuscitation owes much to the enthusiasm of Mendelssohn and Schumann, Franz and Wagner; to-day and for all time he stands among the dii majores in the realm of art. The work of Sir Hubert Parry occupies a place in the field of English musical literature quite its own; we have few works to compare with it; the voluminous life by Spitta has, indeed, been translated, but its encyclopaedic character puts it into the domain of the special student. The present life of Bach is both for the student and the general reader. It is illu- minating in its discussion of Bach's music; it presents all aspects of the master's career fully and with insight; it is sympathetic and highly appreciative. The large learning of the author has been put under contribution ; the great sub- ject has been treated in the style and with the reverence which it demands. It is an admirable book. The publishers have recognized their obligation and sent forth a fine volume with appropriate illustrations. Louis James Block. Joan of Arc: An Anti-Clerical, View.* After nearly five centuries, Jeanne d'Arc has' been formally enrolled among the beatified. In the minds of many devout Frenchmen she has long held the place of a saint; but not till recently were her partisans able to produce argu- ments of a sufficiently convincing character to secure favorable action at Rome. But not all Frenchmen, it appears, regard the act of beatifi- cation in a serious light; while good churchmen were seeking arguments to prove that the shep- herdess of Domremi was a worker of miracles, a famous literary artist was also examining the historical documents of the fifteenth century, and was gradually developing the theory that the strange and mysterious behavior of the Maid was merely the result of a morbid "hallucinated" mind acting on the fraudulent suggestions of selfish priests. M. Anatole France published his biography in 1908. It encountered an immediate and almost violent opposition. That the clerical elements should be hostile, is not strange; more significant is the attitude of the professional his- torians, many of whom refused to regard the work as anything more than an anti-clerical brief. In the preface to the present (English) edition, the author admits that the reviewers had "dis- covered in this work certain errors "; but these he tells us have been eliminated. And he adds: "The hagiographers alone are openly hostile. They reproach me, not with my manner of explaining the facts, but with having explained them at alL . . . And these zealous inquisitors, so intent on condemning my work, have failed to discover therein any grave fault, any fla- grant inexactness. Their severity has had to content itself with a few inadvertences and with a few printer's errors." It is interesting to find that among the " hagio- graphers " we shall have to class such writers as the late M. Achille Luchaire, who knew medi- aeval France as few scholars have known it; and Mr. Andrew Lang, who refused to accept M. France's biography as definitive, and promptly proceeded to write another in refutation (see The Dial, April 16,1909); and Mr. F. C. Lowell, who once wrote an excellent biography of the Maid,andwho characterizes the work of the great romancer as "dangerously untrustworthy." M. France's conception of his subject is totally different from the conventional one. He sees her as the rather commonplace shepherdess, subject to mental aberrations in the form of •The Life of Joan of Arc. By Anatole France. Translation by Winifred Stephens. In two volumes. New York : John Lane Co. 198 [March 16, THE DIAL hallucinations. She is good and saintly, — the author repeatedly emphasizes her saintliness, but his conception of a mediaeval saint is such that the term is scarcely a compliment. Jeanne's peculiar mental state he believes to have inter- ested the local clergy; and soon, after a little careful coaching, the "hallucinated lass" is transformed into a prophetess. "Had this idea of a holy militant mission, conceived by Jeanne through the intermediary of her voices, come into her mind spontaneously without the intervention of any outside will, or had it been suggested to her by someone who was influencing her?" In answer to this fun- damental question, the author states that Jeanne was acquainted with a prophecy that France "would be ruined by a woman and saved by a maiden"; she had also been told that the "Maiden Redeniptress should come from the border of Lorraine." And without further argument or evidence, the author concludes: "It is no longer possible to doubt that the prophecy thus revised is the work of an eccle- siastic whose intentions may be easily divined." After this remarkable feat of logic, one is sur- prised to learn that the author cannot name the priest in question ; but one among the suffering clergy of the Meuse valley " whose name will never be known, raised up an angelic deliverer for the king and the kingdom of France." And now comes Mr. Andrew Lang with the positive statement that "we have no evidence that she had heard of the Merlin prophecy till after she had announced her mission." In speaking of the Dauphin's kingship, the Maid stated that he should hold France as a fief (en commande) of the King of Heaven. This again is evidence to the author's mind of clerical prompting. But critics reply to this that the idea could have been gotten from sermons; it was the current idea of the time among church- men. At first Jeanne announces a general mission, to save France; later, it is to deliver Orleans. And with fine sarcasm the historian comments in this fashion: "We cannot fail to recognize the readiness and the tact with which {he Voices altered their commands previously given according to the necessities of the moment." The same priestly influence M. France finds at work during those six long weeks at Poitiers, when the theologians were examining the Maid to make sure that she was not sent by the evil one. "But Jeanne before the doctors at Poitiers was an exception; she ran no risk of being suspected in mat- ters of faith. Even Brother Pierre Turelure himself had no desire to find in her one of those heretics he zeal- ously sought to discover at Toulouse. In her presence the illustrious masters drew in their theological claws. They were churchmen, but they were Armagnacs, for the most part business men, diplomatists, old councillors of the Dauphin. As priests doubtless they were pos- sessed of a certain body of dogma and morality, and of a code of rules for judging matters of faith. But now it was a question not of curing the disease of heresy, but of driving out the English." However, the farce served a purpose: it gave time for the Maid's fame to spread throughout the realm; it familiarized the people of France with the thought that a miracle was to be per- formed on behalf of the miserable Dauphin; it filled his partisans with hope, his enemies with fear. Of the Maid's actual achievements, M. France does not speak with much enthusiasm. He holds that the situation of the besiegers of Orleans was, if possible, worse than that of the besieged. All that was necessary to dislodge the English was a little confidence; and the Maid's reputed sanctity furnished that. The author criticizes her determination to go to Rheims rather than against Paris; but "she did not know enough of the configuration of the country to decide such a question, and it is not likely that her saints and angels knew more of geography than she did." At the same time, the author denies that the Maid had any influence on the determination to go to Rheims. It was the Archbishop of Rheims, a "greedy, avaricious, unscrupulous" churchman, who insisted on the journey, and who carried the day. "Fifteen years had passed since his elevation to the archiepiscopal see of Rheims; and of his enormous revenue he had not yet received one penny." Here we have the motive. So far as foot-notes show, this remarkable conclusion is based on no docu- mentary evidence, and is reached in the face of Dunois's testimony that "the Maid won all to her determined course." Of the great tragedy that followed the capture of the Maid, — the sale of the prisoner to the English, the two trials, and the execution, — the author gives a circumstantial account of nearly two hundred pages. For the inactivity of King Charles and the ecclesiastics of his party he can give no reason, unless it be that doubts had arisen among the Armagnacs as to the sanctity of the Maid. Two chapters, deal- ing with various pretended Jeannes and the trial of rehabilitation (1455), bring the narrative to a close. Four brief appendices are added, of which only one — a letter from Dr. G. Dumas 1910.] 199 THE cautiously accepting the author's theory of hal- lucination and suggestion — is of any particular interest. Reviewers have charged M. France with almost every offense known to historical writ- ing: suppressing or misinterpreting evidence, substituting plausible theory for documentary statements, misquoting important testimony, and the rest. Those charges will have to be left, however, to scholars who have an intimate acquaintance with the field in question. But on one point even the lay reader may have a right to form an opinion. In all historical writing, the attitude that the author assumes toward his subject is of prime importance ; and in this par- ticular case the attitude and the view-point are readily determined. In his Introduction, M. France tells us that he has tried to look at events from the view-point of the century in which Jeanne lived; and the earlier chapters give the impression that in this he has succeeded. But the reader soon discovers that his praise is insincere, that his purpose in describing pecul- iarities of fifteenth-century thought is not to instruct but to satirize, that of sympathy for his theme he has very little, and that he utterly fails to appreciate the importance of Jeanne's achieve- ments for the history of his country. In many respects the biography is a remark- able work. Of literary excellences it is need- less to speak; it is written in the same elegant style that we know from the author's romances, though perhaps less vigorous, more controlled, and consequently more artificial. The general reader, as well as the student of history and of psychology, will find the volumes entertaining, suggestive, and thought-provoking. But it is not likely that the world will ever accept the picture of the young shepherdess that M. France has painted so skilfully as a faithful portrait of Jeanne d'Arc. Laurence M. Labson. A timely word on the obsoleteness of war has been written by Mr. Norman Angell, an Englishman, in a book that he well names " Europe's Optical Illusion." In these days of " Dreadnanghts" and much talk about possible hostile invasions it is refreshing to chance upon a sensible and convincing presentation of the whole matter. So intricately interdependent, financially and industrially, are the nations of the world to-day that Mr. Angell pronounces war to be "intellectually obsolete." That it is also morally unthinkable, and in every way a most clumsy and unsatisfactory way to adjust international differences, no enlightened person can dispute. Warfare, whatever it was in Homer's time, is now a thing without glamour or poetic charm, and we are nearly all heartily ashamed of it as a glar- ing anachronism, an ungainly survival of a ruder age. Recent Poetry.* An allegory of sacred and profane love is found in " A Vision of Life," by Mr. Darrell Figgis. The narrator suffers the temptation of St. Anthony, but is saved by "a voice of awful import" that arouses his higher self. Mr. Figgis is a metaphysical poet, as we may see from this example of his shorter pieces: "Each hath the Type of bliss within his thought That utters for him all his Life would be: The summit of his soul's felicity, The consummation wherein should be wrought In deft attainment all his spirit bought Awhile in fervent hope — whose roundest fee T was good to pay. T is so; enough! For me, Be it amiss or be it fitly sought, This would I crave — that mine and thy full soul May touch their mutual deep content, howe'er Life twists its tortuous course; may still control Their Individuality, yet fare So subtly each on each, that as one whole They might stretch to their goal in God's pure air." This volume is favored by an introduction from the pen of Mr. Chesterton, who finds in the poet a reversion to the Elizabethan manner, and holds him a spiritual kinsman of the late Francis Thompson. He has "the same essential qualities of sustained and systematic metrical style, of line linked with line in a process requiring the reader's attention, and remote in its very nature from the startling simplicity of the old romantic ballad." All this may be allowed, and, indeed, appears clearly enough in our brief quotation. The critic goes on to say that "if this kind of poetry prevails, people will have to listen to it rather as they listen to good and rather difficult music, not as they listen to scattered bril- liancies in a speech by Mr. Bernard Shaw." Mr Figgis is, moreover, "on the side of the angels," and his work offers evidence of "a certain return to right feeling and faith in life, not as an early dream of transcendentalism, but as an ultimate result of experience." The decorous and pallid verse of Mr. Hugh *A Vision op Life. Poems by Darrell Figgis. New York: John Lane Co. Light among the Leaves. By Hugh Moreton Frewen. London: David Nutt. Lusus. By Christopher Stone. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. Odds and Ends. By R. Montagu Tabor. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. The Rough Rider, and Other Poems. By Bliss Carman. New York: Mitchell Kennerley. Poems. By Percy Mackaye. New York: The Mac- millan Co. Songs of the Open. By John Myers O'Hara. Portland, Maine: Smith & Sale. The Blushful South and Hippocrene. Being Songs by Robert Loveman. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. Happy Ending. The Collected Lyrics of Louise Imogen Guiney. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. The Guest at the Gate. By Edith M. Thomas- Boston: Richard G. Badger. From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems. By Helen Huntington. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Lyrics of Life. By Florence Earle Coates. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co. 200 [March 16, THE DIAL Moreton Frewen may be fairly illustrated by the lyric, "Love Grown Cold." "Like a voice from the tomb that is dead, Like the light of a star that is old, Like a face in a dream that has long since fled Is love grown cold; "The thoughts which I dared not think, The deeds that are past and done, Returning flock by memory's brink One by one. "Of the days that I loved yon most, Of the days that you loved me best, Like the postern light of a ship at night We are dispossessed." A few of these pieces have African themes, and gain a touch of color thereby. Others are religious musings, and there is one rather pretty group of songs about birds. Mr. Christopher Stone publishes a little book called "Lusus," which is a collection of brief and pointless prose sketches with verses intermingled. The verses are usually commonplace, but something a little more than that is offered by the lines entitled "The Idealist" "Somewhere beyond the ocean's melting rim, Beyond the level surface of the waves, He dreams of islands, in whose echoing caves Rest and eternal music wait for him. Behind, long billows seem to touch the brim Of low white cliffs, and looking back he craves To stand once more at his forefathers' graves, Hard by the cottage-door and garden trim. Too late he turns the prow; through fretful spray The keel slips homeward, and the ominous roar Of tumbling surf is nearer, till once more Within the arms of his familiar bay He hears the village bell from far away, And lo! fierce wreckers line the fatal shore." The " Odds and Ends" of Mr. R. Moutagu Tabor are parodies, exercises in classical and macaronic verse, political and social skits, and vers de sociitS of the sort made familiar by numerous exemplars. "A Dissolution of Partnership" is a neat and effec- tive example. "When you played at Bridge with me, When I saw you lightly make, As my smiling vis-a-trit, Every possible mistake, I forgave you, though I paid Dearly for the slips you made. "When you played at Golf with me, When your efforts made the ball Through the green or from the tee Into every bunker fall, I forgave you, though it cost Many a pang each time we lost. "When you played at Love with me, Ah! what science then, what skill Drew me to your feet to be Now discarded at your will; Shall I still forgive you? Yes! Nothing ever grieved me less." Mr. Tabor's touch as a parodist may be shown by a couple of brief examples. "The Trippers came down to the sea in their hordes, And their raiment was gorgeous with gewgaws and gauds, And their brass was as brazen, their manners as free, As when they lark nightly through Shoreditch, E. C." "What means this flimsy paper bine, With hints of all the ills IH rue Be my return not full and true? The Census. "What strikes me with profound dismay At what my maiden annt will say When pressed to state her natal day? The Census." A few more extracts would go far to prove that the author was in line to qualify for the laurels of C. S. C. In "The Rough Rider, and Other Poems," Mr. Bliss Carman's lyre is attuned to themes suggested by his adopted country. New England legends, Puritan ballads, tributes to our national heroes, and songs in commemoration of our national festivals, make up this pleasing little volume, and show the writer to have fairly earned citizenship with us. We are not quite sure that his description of "The Rough Rider" fits, but we cannot deny its writer's conviction. "Who is the hardy figure Of virile fighting strain, With valor and conviction In heart, and hand, and brain? Sprung from our old ideals To serve our later needs, He is the modern Roundhead, The man who rides and reads." But we can accord him complete sympathy when he hymns "A New England Thanksgiving" in such strains as the following: "Here lived the men who gave us The purpose that holds fast, The dream that nerves endeavor. The glory that shall last. Here strong as pines in winter, And free as ripening corn, Our faith in fair ideals — Our fathers' faith — was born. "Here shone through simple living, With pride in word and deed, And consciences of granite, The old New England breed. With souls assayed by hardship, Illumined, self-possessed, Strongly they lived, and left us Their passion for the best." The note of social idealism is predominant in this new collection of verse, but the author still hears the call of the open road, and has lost nothing of his sensitive response to the ministries of nature. Last summer's celebration at Lake Champlain seems to have fared well at the hands of the poets. In our last article we quoted from Mr. Clinton Scollard's ode. Mr. Carman has a song upon this theme in the volume just discussed, and Mr. Percy Mackaye's "Ticonderoga" is given the precedence among his "Poems," recently published. It is a spirited composition, ending with these lines. "So by my visionary shore Soldier and saint and sagamore Live in my shadow evermore: Where, rapt in beauty, slopes Champlain, Lulled are the passion and the pain; The vision and the race remain." 1910.] 201 THE DIAL A group of other pieces written for occasions fol- lows, and their themes take a range wide enough to include Tennyson, the exploits of Mr. Wilbur Wright, the American University, the New Theatre of New York, and the death of Verestschagin. Then come the "Poems Lyrical and Descriptive" that fill the second half of the volume. We may allow the word "descriptive," but hardly the word "lyrical." The work is too jerky and prosaic to be called song. The following lines concerning Mr. Moody's dramatic success, offer a striking example of how not to write poetry. "Henceforth we cannot be the same; for us Americans, because of you, the tide Dramatic turns to seek its heritage Splendidly homeward to ourselves; our stage Is cleft, between its pusillanimous And daring goals stands now the Great Divide." By way of contrast, and for the purpose of holding the scales even, we now give one of Mr. Mackaye's best poems, the sonnet to Norton's memory. "Out of the ' obscure wood ' and ominous way Which are our life, to that obscurer sea Whose margin glooms and gleams alternately With storm and splendor of the shrouded spray — He has departed. Our familiar day, His elm-hushed, ivied walks no more shall see That radiant smile of austere courtesy: On Shady Hill the mist hangs cold and gray. "He has departed hence, but not alone: Still in his steps, where golden discourse burns, To Virgil now he speaks, and now he turns Toward Alighieri in calm undertone, Holding with modest tact his path between The Mantuan and the mighty Florentine." Mr. John Myers O'Hara, who published some time ago a paraphrased version of Sappho, now gives us "Songs of the Open," a lyrical volume of his own. He has the true sense of the wild, and can be vividly picturesque upon occasion, as in "Night in the Woods." "The trees brood rigid and stark, Grey wolves in the brushwood bark; A blast from the clearing sprays The snow in powdery haze. "The resinous pine boughs crack; A wild-cat doubles its track, Slinks cowed from the campfire's flare O'er crusted slopes to its lair. "The reach of the timber line Auroral flashes define; And edged with a dagger light The pole-star pierces the night." Here is surely not a word to spare, and the scene is sharply etched. Nor is the reflective note lacking, for we find it in this "Silhouette" and in several other pieces. "Limned dark against the sinking disk of red, One lonely tree Lifts its lorn boughs in bare obliquity; "Sad eremite whose arms despairing spread And agonize In dumb appeal to the response less skies; "Old twisted fingers of fair seasons fled, Pointing in air Worn palms that plead in long unanswered prayer." Mr. O'Hara's measures are frequently too rugged to be purely lyrical, and he has a taste for forced adjectives that is a trifle jarring. One of his best lines is spoiled by the word "seismic," which he evidently thinks should have three syllables. Mr. Robert Loveman's slender volume of lyrics is styled "The Blushful South and Hippocrene." There are three score and ten of them, save one, and all are simple and sincere. Our choice shall be the two stanzas called " Love." "We lack love; if we have love We have all in all, Earth below and stars above, And calm and carnival. "Love makes the ringed world ours, We are peers of God, Love woos and makes the flowers, Dew-drowsing 'neath the' sod." Now and then these songs are freighted with the burden of the world's woe, but most of them are such airy and charming trifles as the one we have quoted. Art and nature, heroism and virtue, the delicate motions of the spirit touched by suggestions of the past, and the aspirations of the soul rapt by mystical intuitions — these are the chief notes of Miss Louise Imogen Guiney's song, now for nearly a quarter of a century escaping her to reach the public ear. She is one of the subtlest and most artistic of our lyrists, and many will be glad of the volume which she calls "Happy Ending" (may it be anything but an ending!) into which she has brought "the less faulty half" of her previously published verse. Although the poems are not new, they shall here be illustrated by one brief example — this "Deo Optimo Maximo" which reveals the singer's deepest self. "All else for use, One only for desire; Thanksgiving for the good, but thirst for Thee: Up from the best, whereof no man need tire, Impel Thou me. "Delight is menace if Thou brood not by, Power a quicksand, Fame a gathering jeer. Oft as the morn (though none of earth deny These three are dear), "Wash me of them, that I may be renewed, And wander free amid my freeborn joys: Oh, close my hand upon Beatitude! Not on her toys." A rich freightage of both thought and emotion is borne with each new argosy launched by Miss Edith M. Thomas. The fleet has grown steadily in num- bers for thirty or more years, and its collected cargo is a possession that we would not willingly miss from our literature. "The Guest at the Gate" is the latest volume to bear the name of Miss Thomas, and from its varied contents — dramatic, gnomic, and lyric — we select this tender invocation to "Domiduca," the goddess who watches over the wanderer's homeward journeyings. 202 [March 16, THE DIAL "Lead home, for now the light descends the skies; Lead home, O goddess of the evening eyes — And voice of whisper dying off the leaves — And touch of velvet air on flowers that sleep (To-morrow to he slain amid the sheaves)! Lead home, O brooder of the brooding bird, With wings bedewed, in grassy covert deep, Sleep-lnlled, with its half-uttered vesper-notes; Lead home, O guardian of the couching flock, By pools wherein the shadow lies unstirred; Lead home the toilers all, who scarce can keep Their pathway for encumbering drowsiness; Lead home, pilot of lonely skiffs that rock On yearning seas where bright the moon-path floats; Lead all these home, and of thy bounty bless — Lead home! "Lead home, O goddess of the evening eyes, And voice of dim response to twilight cries — Whom ever, since a child, I loved past all, Served past all deities befriending earth! Lead home! . . . And, if I have no home, then rise Before my way, and, with deceiving charms, Build me a dream of mine own roof and hearth, And thither in remembered accents call; And lull me, sobbing, in remembered arms: Lead home!" Mrs. Helen Huntington's volume of simple lyrics, "From the Cup of Silence, and Other Poems," may be illustrated by quoting these stanzas "To Snow." "Strange divinity of snow, Eager other worlds to know, Spotless spirit, not of earth, What wild power invoked thy birth? "All the stars to thee have told Raptures of eternal cold, All the silent, ice-bound streams Made thee keeper of their dreams. "Phantom victor over all, Robed in white, transplendent pall, Mighty in thy shining power, Dazzling vision of an hour, "None thy mystery may know As thou earnest thou must go, — Fading god, by earth outworn, Lo, in mist, to heaven upborne." They are pretty verses, if not deeply inspired. Something like this may also be said of the "Lyrics of Life," by Mrs. Florence Earle Coates. The idealism of this writer is fine and true, and she has an eye for themes that invite poetical treatment. Her best work is represented by such a poem as « The Christ of the Andes." "Far, far the mountain peak from me Where lone he stands, with look caressing; Yet from the valley, wistfully I lift my dreaming eyes, and see His hand stretched forth in blessing. Never bird sings nor blossom blows Upon that summit chill and breathless, Where throned he waits amid the snows; But from his presence wide outflows I»ve that is warm and deathless. "O symbol of the great release From war and strifes! — unfailing fountain To which we turn for joy's increase Fain would we climb to heights of Peace — Thy peace upon the mountain!" William Morton Payne. Briefs ox New Books. Mr. Max Beerbohm, in an apprecia- "X. tive e88av on "Whistler's Writing," offers an ingeniously impersonal plea for himself — for the artist who uses two mediums of expression but cannot get himself taken seriously in both of them. Mr. Beerbohm does not commit the unforgivable sin — in an essayist — of taking himself too seriously. He is entertained by himself, af^er the manner of his friend, Mr. Shaw; he exploits his own foibles, at times with almost Chestertonian ceremoniousness; but he is essentially of neither Chesterton's nor Shaw's cult. As a caricaturist he is truly humorous; as an essayist he knows how to trifle with life as genially as did Lamb and Stevenson, and far more compellingly than does his contem- porary, Mr. E. V. Lucas. The occasion of these remarks is the appearance of an American edition of ''Yet Again" (John Lane), the fourth volume of Mr. Beerbohm's collected essays. Open fires, train- time goodbyes, the invisible President of the Swiss Republic, a sensible substitute for "rest-cures," the horrors of leader-writing, the tragic spoliation of a beautifully labelled hat-box, British humor, street- names, and the House of Commons manner, are some of the subjects on which Mr. Beerbohm, gravely, daintily, and wittily, frees his mind. Mr. Beerbohm is a bystander, an observer, endowed with the keenest possible sense of the art of life, but ami- ably detached from all its practical issues. He poses a little; he deliberately cultivates interesting prejudices and significant predispositions. And whatever he chooses to talk about, in a style inti- mate, elaborate, quite sincere beneath its polish, takes on a new meaning — and keeps it. We shall never, we are sure, listen to a verger in Westmin- ster Abbey without remembering Mr. Beerbohm's vivid account of the poor man's slavery to sameness, and his apt suggestion that parrots, comfortably perched on each bust and statue, might easily be taught to relieve "these sad-faced men of their intolerable mission." When we see a friend off for a journey we shall recall the professional " seer-off" of the Anglo-American Social Bureau, and the read- ing of the editorials in the morning paper will be enlivened by the recollection of the "pathetic im- posture" involved, according to Mr. Beerbohm, in the effort to comment effectively, to order, at top speed, on the news of the day. Some early Schopenhauer's assertion that the appreciation* number of years that elapse between of Meredith. the appearance of a book and its acknowledgment gives the measure of time that the author is in advance of his age, has given rise to much discussion hpropos of the writings of Mr. George Meredith. Was Mr. James Thomson cor- rect in asserting that Henley's article on "The Egoist" (published in "The Athenseum," 1879) was the first public utterance on Meredith "evincing the critic's familiarity with all the writer's works "? 1910.] 203 THE DIAL According to Mr. Maurice Buxton Forman, Mr. Thomson was mistaken; and, in order to give the student of Meredith an insight into the contemporary criticism of that author, he has chosen twenty-three articles representing critical judgment on Meredith from the year 1851, when his first hook was pub- lished, till 1883, when he issued his " Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth." These articles ap- peared originally in English reviews — some anony- mously, and others over such signatures as William Michael Rossetti, Kingsley, Swinburne, Richard Garnet, George Eliot, Mark Pattison, William Ernest Henley, and James Thomson. Mr. Thomson was perhaps, on the whole, Meredith's stanchest champion, admiring more unreservedly than the rest, and calling less attention to his "objectionable subtlety of style" and his "faults of construction." Mr. Swinburne's famous and poignant reply to "The Spectator's" review of " Modern Love " came out boldly with the announcement that "a more perfect piece of writing no man alive has ever turned out than the sonnet beginning "We saw the swallows gathering in the sky." George Eliot unhesitatingly pronounced "The Shaving of Shagpat" a work of genius. Mr. Henley com- pared Meredith to Shakespeare, in that he was "a man of genius who was a clever man as well." Meredith's writings were obviously not sensed by the many of his time, not even by the critics gener- ally; but the foregoing examples show that he was appreciated by the few somewhat earlier than has been generally supposed. In Mr. Forman's col- lection of these " Early Appreciations of Meredith" (Scribner), there is much good reading for those who are curious about that great author. In many of them there is a combination of perceptiveness and lack of discrimination curious in itself. One might dispute even with Mr. Thomson (who says so many fine things) that Meredith is distinctly a man's writer. And why is there no mention of the Essay on Comedy? It appeared in 1877, but, up to 1883 had apparently provoked no comment worthy of repetition. It is interesting also to note that, although contemporary criticism of Meredith's novels and poems was in many respects radically different from that of to-day, the quotations from his writings in both cases are much the same. It would seem as if certain beautiful and pertinent passages had aroused from the beginning the intel- ligent reader's admiration. „., , ., Professor J. Laurence Laughlin's 1 Hal problenu, o economic and volume on "Latter-day Problems tocioioyicai. (Scribner) is a presentation of cer- tain social and economic questions in untechnical language, and is designed for popular reading. The material originally appeared, largely, in various magazines, and was then published by way of com- ment upon issues that are figuring in the political contests of the present day. The essays cover a wide range, including some primarily social or sociological matters, such as "Socialism, a Philoso- phy of Failure," "The Abolition of Poverty," "Social Settlements," and the like; and also some strictly economic topics, such as "Guaranty of Bank Deposits," "Government vs. Bank Issues," and others of kindred character. Professor Laughlin's essays have the great merit of bringing to the solu- tion of current problems the results of analyses made by a clear and practical mind. They are conspicu- ously meritorious in that they nowhere fall into the common errors of sentimentalism or Utopian dream- ing. They have the additional and unusual virtue of conviction and of clearness in exposition. No one need be in doubt, after reading these chapters, either about the author's conclusions or the line of reasoning by which they have been arrived at. Professor Laughlin can never be charged with fall- ing between two stools. He is, throughout, con- sistent and determined in his adherence to a definite economic philosophy. A criticism which, however, will certainly be brought against his discussion of those topics that have a larger social bearing is the apparent lack of sympathy, or allowance for differ- ences in points of view, in training, and in capacity. Many will perhaps feel that he has too positive a belief in the stability and permanence of the present economic order, or one closely similar to it; and that he lays too little stress upon the possibility of improvement as the result of combined social, rather than of individual, effort. If these criticisms are brought against this volume of essays, however, they must stand as an impeachment, not so much of the author's work, as of the school of thought to which he belongs. It is likely that the essays which will be most valued are those dealing with Banking and Currency questions, where the author speaks as our foremost academic specialist in such matters. The ideas he puts forward may well serve as an antidote to some of the dangerous schemes that have lately received sanction in high quarters. Wanderingi Actually to wander about the won- about Rome, derf ul country lying around Rome old and new. ^ one „f tjje most delightful of pos- sible experiences: to make the same trips through the pages of a book with Signor Rodolfo Lanciani as a guide is a pleasure scarcely less. In "Wander- ings in the Roman Campagna" (Houghton) Signor Lanciani, as in his previous books, shows himself a master of the art of arranging material which in other hands might be dull, so that, for the time being, we all become archaeologists and share his enthusiasm in all his "finds." The most charac- teristic features of the Campagna landscape, as we see it to-day, are the remains of aqueducts and reservoirs stretching over the crumpled plains and ruins of tombs lining the roadsides. In this book we are taken back to the happy days when the Campagna resembled a great park, studded with villages, farms, cottages, lordly residences, temples, fountains, and tombs; when these tombs contained not only a funeral banqueting-hall level with the road, but also a crypt below, where the ashes were 204 [March 16, THE DIAL kept in urns or the bodies were laid to rest in sar- cophagi. How these changes came about, and how new discoveries underground are still being made, is an interesting story. Indeed, the last three years seem to have been notably marked by eventful revel- ations, — for example, the beautiful bas-relief ,of Antinous at Torre del Padiglione, with the name of its sculptor carved upon it (October, 1907); the sarcophagus, a masterpiece of Hadrian's golden age, found by the workmen digging ground for the new freight station at Rome (June, 1908) ; the interest- ing triangular altar on the Janiculum, only a year ago. Most important of all, perhaps, are the things brought to light near the King's hunting-box at Castel Porziano: a Roman cottage on the coast of Laurentum, and a copy of Myron's statue of the Disk-thrower — " Queen Elena's Cottage" and "Queen Elena's Discobolus," as they will hereafter be known. Three out of the six chapters of the present book have headings of tempting literary sound —"The Land of Horace." "The Land of Cicero," "The Land of Pliny the Younger." These regions, so lovely in themselves, are somewhat lack- ing in absolute landmarks of the homes and lives of the great writers. But even if no exact bounda- ries can be traced of the Sabine farm, it is certain that we can recognize the streams and hills and fields that Horace loved so well; that we can wan- der along the same Via Valeria which the poet loved to pace in the early morning hours, on his way to the villa of Maecenas. "As a bee darts from the fields of Matinum where the redolent thyme grows, so I follow the banks of the Anio to feel the inspira- tion of the Muses." The volume is published in the same sumptuous style of its five predecessors on Roman themes. There are maps and illustrations abundant in quantity and charming in quality; many are of full-page, and many entirely new. It is to be hoped that the author will keep his half- promise for a second volume of these charming ""Wanderings." Backward When a book is written by a distin- ttudiet of guished Frenchman, translated by a thettan. competent Englishman, and mar- keted in this country by an American publishing- house, one naturally expects to find some merit in it Such a book is Rudeaux's "How to Study the Stars" (Stokes). To be sure, the author's name is spelt in one way on the cover, and in another on the title-page; and the translator on rare occasions seems to miss the author's meaning, as in the sen- tence, "But these remarks have mainly a theoretical value, since their effect is usually realized in that portion of the plate which is rendered useless by the least instrumental distinctness" (pp. 325-6). However, a very few blemishes of this sort are simply the flies in the ointment; the ointment itself is very attractive. It is not too much to say that this is the best book in the English language in its particular field. Its aim is to teach and direct those who wish to make observations of celestial objects with small telescopes and home-made appliances, as well as to indulge in celestial photography. The author has evidently had abundant experience of this sort, and gives his directions with commendable explicitness and charming naivetS. In the first third of the book he gives descriptions of methods by which as amateur, having purchased his lenses, may make his own telescope or celestial camera, if he be so minded; he also provides for the needs of one who purchases a ready-made small telescope, and wishes to gain a thorough insight into its con- struction. Besides this, good advice is given about the construction of an inexpensive observatory. The remainder of the book is devoted to minute and care- ful instructions about how to make observations or photographs of the different sorts of objects which one finds in the sky. Here the author's experience in such work stands out very plainly, and enables him to give directions at once detailed, sound, and helpful. There are seventy-nine illustrations, many of which are from the author's own observations and photo- graphs; they well demonstrate the excellent results which follow the skilful manipulation of small in- struments. While very few persons in this country have telescopes in their back-yards, as Professor Hale and Mr. Burnham have had with such happy results, those who are so equipped will find their interest heightened and their work rendered more effective by reading M. Rudeaux's work. London Town. Bvron ha9 written of London as "a from King Lud new land which foreigners can never to Queen Vic." understand." As an aid, however, to its fuller comprehension we may recommend Mr. Arthur Compton-Rickett's well-conceived and carefully-executed work, "The London Life of Yesterday" (Dutton). In thirteen erudite but not unreadable chapters are presented the general aspect and bearing of the city at various periods, from the time of King Lud to the reign of Queen Victoria. First we have "London in the Making," then the London of Alfred's day, after that, successively, the London of the twelfth century, of Chaucer's time, under Whittington's magistracy, in the Renaissance, during the Reformation, as Shakespeare saw it, as Milton and Cromwell knew it, as gossipy Pepys has pictured it, and as Christopher Wren rebuilt it, — the London of Addison and Pope, of Johnson and Hogarth, and, finally, of Francis Place and Charles Dickens. An appended bibliography of seven pages gives the contemporary and more recent sources of information drawn upon by the author, who has done well to dwell less on the physical features of the great city than on its manners and customs, its interests and aims, and its progress toward a higher civilization. Strange and almost incomprehensible to us are the formal strained relations between sixteenth-century and seventeenth-century English children and their parents. "Beating was quite common for both girls and boys on the slightest provocation; the whole duty of motherhood was to marry the girls, willy-nilly, at the first suitable 1910.] 205 THE DIAL, opportunity." As for the boys, some of them were mercilessly gorged with learning at a very tender age. Locke speaks of one who began Latin at six, understood "geography and chronology and the Copernican system of our vortex" at nine, and had some acquaintance with anatomy. The author mod- estly tells in his preface what he has " tried to essay" in the subsequent chapters; but his book is by no means so feebly tentative as that peculiar phrase might lead one to expect. The u/e of an ^ 1S pleasant to note that the recent oid-fathioned "Life of Susan Warner" is pub- yentiewoman. H8hed by the same firm (now G. P. Putnam's Sons) that nearly sixty years ago brought out "The Wide Wide World." It is as the author of this, her first novel, published in 1850, that Susan Warner is chiefly remembered. The book, a relig- ious romance, was very widely read in England and France, as well as at home; and many of us can remember with what absorption we followed the fortunes of poor little Ellen Montgomery. Nowa- days the religious emotion of the story seems exag- gerated, almost morbid; but it was, after all, an entirely natural expression of the life of the author. Susan Warner lived in a time when babies were born middle-aged, — so perhaps it is not strange that at thirty-one she should have written a story whose heroine possessed an over-developed con- science. The wonder is that, in spite of this, her book was full of genuine human interest, and so escaped sentimentality. It seems an ungracious task to pick flaws in a work so evidently a labor of love as this biography. The author, Anna B. Warner, says in her preface: "I have tried to put in nothing irrelevant, but with everything so inter- esting to me it was often hard to choose." This we can well believe; and to a woman now past eighty, writing of an adored sister, we must pardon the gentle garrulity of age. The pages are full of de- tails, interesting only to one with a background of intimate personal knowledge and affection. The letters and extracts from journals are linked by comment sadly lacking in clearness and coherence. For the most part the letters are undated, and the sequence of events can only be guessed. Never- theless the book gives an interesting picture of life in and about New York in the forties and fifties; also a genuine portrait of a gentlewoman, by nature eager, sensitive, and studious, who was always, in spite of Puritan influences, a devout worshipper of Beauty. . If France is a decadent nation, there terest in her doings, past or present. English and American publishers, not content with the flood of volumes in English which treat French subjects, are finding readers for translations of the most ordinary French originals. Mrs. Rodolph Stawell has made a most excellent version of a monograph by Gilbert Stenger, entitled "The Re- turn of Louis XVIII." (Scribner). There is little reason for saying much of the original, whether in praise or in blame. Half the clever Frenchmen of this generation seem to be playwrights, and the other half historians; and this volume is a very creditable bit of work from the shop of an artisan of the latter- named guild. The most striking feature of the au- thor's method is his fondness for "portraits " of the old classic variety; and a remarkable evidence of his conscientiousness is his desperate effort to be just to the English. His first chapter has a lucid state- ment of the relationships subsisting between all the leading members of the Bourbon family at the time of the Restoration. There is a good index, and an extensive table of contents which is in itself a com- plete and detailed account of the events of the period. An appendix, in the form of an extract from the Almanack Royal of 1815, gives the King's house- hold in full — Grand Almoner, Confessor, Chief Pantler, Chief Cupbearer, and the rest — sixty-nine persons in all; with the household of Monsieur, the Comte d'Artois, who later became Charles X., the second list comprising thirty-one names. The translator deserves special mention. She has not only given us a well-written version of the French text, — she has furnished in the footnotes correc- tions of errors and explanations of obscurities which prove her capable of writing, if she chose, quite as good a history of Louis XVIII. as the one she has translated. Though Major De Bouillane de ^•W^^."^8*6'8 ".Awond Afghanistan" (Appleton) is a personal account of the author's trip from Teheran to the Chinese frontier, thence through LittleTibet and Kashmere, and across the Baluchistan desert back to the beginning of the loop, it is nevertheless an important addition to our knowledge of the "buffer state." Trained students of Eastern affairs are so confident that a telling conflict between Russia and England must arise for the superior hand over this land, that any book is welcome which adds its mite toward a true understanding of the confused and contradictory state of affairs now existing under the unsteady ruler of that country. Major de Lacoste travelled round Afghanistan, peeping, as it were, over the walls, but the direction and purpose of his peepings are heralded in a preface by M. Georges Leygues, who, quite naturally, takes a pro-Franco-Russo view of affairs by insisting that Lord Curzon and the high Indian officials made many sad mistakes during the Japanese-Russian war, and that every mistake stirred up not only the Indian-Afghan problem but also the whole Asiatic problem. Very naturally, too, M. Leygues is of the opinion that all the Western nations are forced to take a stand on the question, and then — the world conflict. Of this serious matter there is only a slight echo in the body of this book; rather, Major de Lacoste gives us an intelli- gent and entertaining account of the people, their manners and their country. The illustrations are unusual and instructive. 206 [March 16, THE DIAL Life-Mttorv ^e ^ev- John White said that a of Quantveii, large part of the first settlers of the guerrilla. Massachusetts Bay were "rude, un- governable persons, the very scum of the land." Such is always the case in new settlements ; and it was es- pecially true of the western frontier at the time of the Civil War. The worst of the " scum " was Quantrell, whose life has recently been written by Mr. William Elsey Connelley (Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, la.). Mr. Connelley originally acquired a collection of Quantrell papers, made by the late W. W. Scott, who was a newspaper editor at Canal Dover, Ohio, and an early friend of the Quantrell family. These papers he has supplemented by indefatigable re- search, and by conversation with persons who knew Quantrell at every stage of his career. The result he has somewhat loosely put together in a large book, which gives the life-history of the notorious guerrilla in great detail. So many contradictory statements have been made about Quantrell that it is well the work should be done. The book throws a lurid light upon conditions in Missouri at the time, and adds a chapter to the psychology of the degenerate. It strips Quantrell of the glamour that has sometimes attached to his name, and shows how inevitably in real life the wages of sin is death. Notes. Mr. Arthur Rackham has selected Wagner's " Ring" as the subject for his next illustrative work. The authorized English translation of M. Edmond Rostand's new drama, "Chanticleer," will be issued in this country by Messrs. Duffield & Co. A set of Dickens's works, in thirty volumes, will be added this spring by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. to their attractive series of standard authors in complete editions. George Meredith's last novel, "Celt and Saxon," now appearing serially in an English periodical, will be published during the coming summer by Messrs. Scribner's Sons. Two new volumes will be added this spring to Messrs. Holt's " Leading Americans " series. These are " Lead- ing American Novelists" by Mr. John Erskine; and "Leading American Essayists " by Mr. William Morton Payne. A Nature-book of an unusual sort is promised in Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd's "A Cycle of Sunsets," soon to be issued by Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. It is a sympathetic study of sunsets, interwoven with a pleasant little love-story. Mr. O. C. Auringer, author of several volumes of verse, is about to issue a volume of twin tragedies of the Revolution, entitled "The Death of Maid McCrea, and the Lover's Tragedy." Messrs. Badger & Co., Boston, are the publishers. Two volumes are devoted to "The Great English Short-Story Writers" in "The Reader's Library" (Harper), edited by Messrs. W. J. and C. W. Dawson. Thirteen examples are given in each volume, half of the number being of American origin. The second volume is supposed to be more "modern" than the first, but there is not much chronological difference between Stevenson, Mr. James, and Mr. Hardy, on the one hand, and Dr. Doyle, Sir. Gilbert Parker, and Mrs. Deland, on the other. A study of Maurice Maeterlinck, by Gerard Harry, translated by Mr. A. R. Allinson, including two essays by Maeterlinck hitherto unpublished in English, is announced. The book will have a photogravure por- trait of Maeterlinck, and other illustrations. Recently at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, a new play in ballad metre, by Mr. W. B. Yeats, "The Green Helmet," was produced by the National Theatre Com- pany. The play is founded on a folk-tale of the Cuchu- lain cycle, and Mr. Yeats's experiment in the use of ballad metre is completely successful. Three new volumes in the "Library of Living Thought," published by the Messrs. Harper, are the following: "Roman Law in Mediaeval Europe," by Prof. Paul Vinogradoff; "Crete the Forerunner of Greece," by C. H. Hawes and Miss Harriet B. Hawes; and " Diamonds," by Sir William Crookes. It is announced that with the April issue " Putnam's Magazine" will suspend publication, its subscription list having been transferred to the "Atlantic Monthly." "Putnam's" was conducted in a dignified manner, without resort to sensationalism in matter or methods; and we regret to hear of its disappearance from the magazine field. The English "Who's Who" (Macmillan) grows thicker and thicker. The volume for 1910 fills about twenty-two hundred pages, and contains several hun- dreds of new names, while of the old ones " few die and none resign," to quote Jefferson on office-holders. The selection of American names seems to be as capricious as ever. The prize of fifteen hundred dollars offered by the governors of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon for the best play has been won by Miss Josephine Preston Peabody with "The Piper." Three hundred and fifteen plays were submitted in the competition. The successful work will be produced in the Memorial Theatre. Two interesting titles are announced for spring pub- lication in Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Company's River- side Press Editions. One of these is a reprint of " Pan's Pipes," among the most charming of Robert Louis Stevenson's essays; the other is entitled "A Poet in Exile," and consists of some early letters written by John Hay to his friend Miss Nora Perry, now issued under the editorship of Miss Caroline Ticknor. The Yale University Press announces that it will publish during the autumn of this year, "The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787," under the editor- ship of Prof. Farrand, of the Department of History at Yale University. Until now the printed records have been scattered through a dozen or more different works, and there has been some unpublished material of con- siderable value. Evident need has thus existed for this new and complete edition, which brings together, in a single work, all of these scattered records. It is expected that the exhaustive search made by Professor Farraud will result in the present work's proving to be a definitive edition of the " Records of the Federal Con- vention of 1787." The records will appear in three royal octavo volumes, with a special limited subscribers' edition on English hand-made paper. 1910.] 207 THE DIAL Announcements of Spring Books. The Dial's annual list of books announced for Spring publication, herewith presented, forms an interesting epitome of American publishing activities for the present Spring and coming Summer. All the books listed are presumably new books — new editions not being included unless having new form or matter. The season's output of forty-two pub- lishing houses is given here in classified arrange- ment, prepared from advance information secured especially for this purpose. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. The .Life of Lord Kelvin, by Sylvanus P. Thompson, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $8. net. (Mac- millan Co.) Life and Art of Eichard Mansfield, with selections from his letters, by William Winter, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) Recollections of a Varied Life, by George Gary Eggles- ton, $3. net.—Leading Americans series, edited by W. P. Trent, new- vols.: Leading American Novel- ists, by John Erskine; Leading American Essayists, by William Morton Payne, illus.; each $1.75 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) Bygone Days in Chicago, recollections of the Garden City in the '60's, by Frederick F. Cook, illus., $2.75 net.—The First Great Canadian, the story of Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur D 'Iberville, by Charles B. Beed, illus., $2. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) Memoirs of the Duchess de Dino, 1836-1840, $2.50 net.—The Fascinating Due de Richelieu, by H. Noel Williams, illus.—A German Pompadour, the extraordinary history of Wilhelmine von Gravenitz Landhofmeisterin of Wirtcmberg, by Marie Hay, illus., $1.50 net.—Some Musical Recollections of Fifty Years, by Richard Hoffman, with memoir by Mrs. Hoffman, illus., $1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) George Sand, some aspects of her life and work, by Ren6 Doumic, trans, by Alyo Hallard, with por- traits.—Fifty Years in Camp and Field, diary of Ethan Allen Hitchcock, edited by W. A. Croffut, with introduction by William T. Harris, with por- trait, $4. net.—The Life of Garret Augustus Ho- bart, twenty-fourth vice-president of the United States, by David Magie, with portraits, $2.50 net. —Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico, the master builder of a great commonwealth, by Jose F. Godoy, illus., $2. net.—The Rise of Louis Napoleon, by F. A. Simpson, illus., $3.50 net.—An Old- Fashioned Senator, Orville H. Piatt, of Connecticut, the story of a life unselfishly devoted to the public service, by Louis A. Coolidge, illus., $3 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) The Memoirs of Harriette Wilson, reprinted from the scarce edition published in 1825, 2 vols., illus., $8. net.—Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals, confi- dences of a collector of ceramics and antiques, edited by Montague Guest, illus. in color, etc., 2 vols., $12.50 net.—Robert Dodsley, poet, publisher, and playwright, by Ralph Straus, illus. in photo- gravure, etc., $6.50 net.—Robert Herrick, a bio- graphical and critical study, by F. W. Moorman, illus., $5. net.—John Lathrop Motley and his Fam- ily, edited by his daughter and Herbert St. John Mildmay, illus, $5. net.—Eton, Cambridge, and Elsewhere, memoirs of sixty years, by Oscar Brown- ing, illus., $5. net.—Jane Austen and her Country House Comedy, by W. H. Helm, illus., $3.50 net.— Simon Bolivar, '' El Libertador,'' a life of the chief leader in the revolt against Spain in Vene- zuela, New Granada, and Peru, by F. Loraine Petre, illus., $4. net.—The Life and Times of Martin Blake, Vicar of Barnstaple and Prebendary of Exeter Cathedral, by John Frederick Chanter, illus., $3.50 net. (John Lane Co.) Recollections of Alexander H. Stephens, containing the prison diary, 1865, edited, with biographical introduction, by Myrta Lockett Avary, illus., $2.50 net.—From the Bottom Up, an autobiography, by Alexander Irvine, illus., $1.50 net.—The Book of Daniel Drew, by Bouck White, $1.50 net. (Double- day, Page & Co.) An Admiral's Log, by Rear-Admiral Robley D. Evans, illus., $5. net.—The Real Francis Joseph, the pri- vate life of the emperor of Austria, by Henri de Weindel, trans, by Philip W. Sergeant, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net.—Queen Christina of Sweden, by I. A. Taylor, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net.—The Last Days of the Emperor, by Paul Fremeaux, $3. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The Life of Daniel Coit Gilman, by Fabian Franklin, illus., $3. net.—The Hygiene of the Soul, a memoir of a physician and philosopher, by Gustav Pollak, $1.20 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) American Crisis Biographies, new vols.: Henry Clay, by Thomas H. Clay and Ellis Paxon Oberholtzer; William B. Seward, by Edward Everett Hale, Jr.; each with portrait, $1.25 net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Napoleon in his Own Defense, by Clement K. Shorter. Makers of History, from Julius Caesar to Edward VII., by A. E. McKillian. (Cassell & Co.) The Life of Mary Lyon, by Beth Bradford Gilchrist, illus., $1.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) Commodore John Rogers, captain, commodore, and senior officer of the American navy, 1773-1838, by Charles Oscar Paullin, illus., $4. net. (Arthur H. Clark Co.) My Army Life on the Plains, and the Fort Phil. Kearney Massacre, by Frances C. Carrington, illus., $2. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) A Stepson of Fortune, by Henry Murray, with frontis- piece, $2.75 net. (Baker & Taylor Co.) Karl Marx, his life and work, by John Spargo, $2.50 net. (B. W. Huebsch.) The Life of Governor Johnson, by Frank A. Day and Theodore M. Knappen, $2. (Forbes & Co.) The Diary of a Daly Debutante, $1.25 net. (Duffield & Co.) Edward MacDowell, his life and work, by Mrs. Eliza- beth Frye Page, $1. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.) Marion Harland's Autobiography, a personal history of four-score years, $2. net. (Harper & Brothers.) Stories of Authors, by Edwin Watts Chub, illus., $1.25 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) HISTORY. Social England, edited by H. D. Traill and J. S. Mann, new illus. edition, containing the latest ma- terials and the newest revision, 12 vols., illus. in color, etc., each $3. net, per set, $35. net.—The Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, an inquiry into the religious, moral, educa- tional, legal, military, and political condition of the people, by Philip Alexander Bruce, 2 vols., $6. net. —The Roman Republic, by W. E. Heitland, 3 vols., $10. net.—The Ohio Country, between the years 1783 and 1815, by Charles Elihu Slo€um.—A His- tory of Mediaeval Political Theory in the West, bv R. W. Carlyle and A. J. Carlyle, Vol. IT., The Political Theory of the Roman Lawyers and Canon- ists in the Middle Ages up to 1250, $3.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) 208 [March 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF SPRING BOOKS —continued. The History of the Confederate War, its causes and its conduct, by George Cary Eggleston, 2 vols., $4. net.—West Point and the U. S. Military Academy, a brief history, by Edward S. Holden, illus., $2. net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The Cambridge Modern History, edited by A. W. Ward and others, Vol. XII., The Latest Age, $4. net.—The History of Mexico, by Justo Sierra and H. N. Branch, illus.—Social and Industrial Condi- tions in the North during the Civil War, by E. D. Fite.—Stories from American History, new vols.: The American Merchant Marine, by John R. Spears; Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road, by H. Ad- dington Bruce; The Last American Frontier, by iTederick L. Paxson; each illus. (Macmillan Co.) Vhe Diary of James K. Polk, edited by Milo Milton Quaife, 3 vols., with photogravure frontispiece, $15. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, by Houston Stewart Chamberlain, trans, by John Lees, with introduction by Lord Redesdale, 2 vols., $10. net.—The War in Wexford, an account of the rebellion in the south of Ireland in 1789, by H. F. B. Wheeler and A. M. Broadley, illus., $4. net. (Jonn Lane Co.) George Grenfell and the Congo, by Sir Harry John- ston, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.—A History of the People of the United States, by John Bach McMas- ter, Vol. VII., illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net.—Re- publican France, by Ernest Alfred Vizetelly, with portraits, $3. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The Making of Australia, by John Foster Fraser.-— The Home Life of the Ancient Greeks, by Blummer, trans, by Alice Zimmern, third edition.—The Dic- tionary of English History, edited by Sidney J. Low and F. S. Pully. (Cassell & Co.) Original Narratives of Early American History, new vol.: Wonder Working Providence of 8ion's Savior in New England, by Captain Edward Johnson, edited by J. F. Jameson, illus., $3. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Colonial Mobile, by Peter J. Hamilton, revised and enlarged edition, illus., $3.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Elizabethan People, by Henry Thew Stephenson, illus., $2. net. (Henry Holt & Co.) 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(Harper & Brothers.) GENERAL LITERATURE. An Approach to Walt Whitman, by Carleton Noyes, illus., $1.50 net.—English Literature in Account with Religion, by Edward M. Chapman, $2. net.— Personal Power, by William Jewett Tucker, $1.50 net.—At the Sign of the Hobby-Horse, by Eliza- beth Bisland Wetmore.—Essays on the Spot, by Charles D. Stewart.—Letters to My Son, anonymous. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Spirit of America, by Henry van Dyke, $1.50 net.—The Inspiration of Poetry, by G. E. Wood- berry.—A History of Classical Philology, by Harry Thurston Peck.—The Letters of Richard Henry Lee, edited by James Curtis Ballagh, $3. net. (Mac- millan Co.) Promenades of an Impressionist, by James Huneker, $1.50 net.—A New Dooley Book, by Finley Peter Dunne. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) 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Marion Crawford, illus., $1.50.—The Tower of Ivory, by Gertrude Atherton, $1.50.—A Life for a Life, by Robert Herrick, $1.50.—A Brood of the Eagle, by James Lane Allen.—Lost Face, by Jack London, illus., $1.50.—Jim Hands, by Richard Washburn Child, $1.50.—An Unwilling Minerva, by Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, $1.50.—Kings in Exile, by Charles G. D. Roberts, illus., $1.50.—An Interrupted Friend- ship, by Ethel Lillian Voynich, $1.50.—Nathan Burke, by Mary S. Watts, $1.50. (Macmillan Co.) Simon the Jester, by William J. Locke, illus., $1.50. —The Thief of Virtue, by Eden PhiUpotts, $1.50. —Maurin the Illustrious, by Jean Aicard, trans, by Alfred Allinson, $1.50.—Alongshore, by Stephen Reynolds, illus., $1.50.—Theodora's Husband, by Louis Mack, $1.50.—The Intruding Angel, by Charles Marriott, $1.50.—The Way Up, by M. P. Willcocks, $1.50.—Olivia L. Carew, by Netta Syrett, $1.50—Tropical Tales, by Dolf Wyllarde, $1.50.— Trial by Marriage, by Wilfred Scarborough Jack- son, $1.50.—The Island Providence, by Frederick Niven, $1.50.—The Magada, by W. M. Ardagh, $1.50.—According to Maria, by Mrs. John Lane, $1.50.—Galahad Jones, by Arthur H. Adams, $1.50. —The Adventures of an A. D. ft, by Shetland Bradley, $1.50.—A Man's Love, by M riel Hine, $1.50. (John Lane Co.) The Duke's Price, by Demetra and Kenneth Brown, illus. in color, $1.20 net.—The Right Stuff, by Ian Hay, with frontispiece, $1.20 net.—Country Neigh- bors, by Alice Brown, $1.20 net.—The Twisted Foot, by Henry Milner Rideout, illus., $1.20 net.— The Royal Americans, by Mary Hallock Foote, $1.25 net.—John Forsyth's Aunts, by Eliza Orne White, new edition, $1.50.—The Godparents, by Grace Sartwell Mason, illus., $1.10 net.—Little Brother o' Dreams, by Elaine Goodale Eastman, $1. net.—The Professional Aunt, by Mary C. E. Wremyss, $1. net.—An Army Mule, by Charles Miner Thompson, $1. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Illustrious Prince, by E. Phillips Oppenheim, illus., $1.50.—Just between Themselves, by Anne Warner, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—Over the Quicksands, by Anna Chapin Ray, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—The Red House on Rowan Street, by Roman Doubleday, illus., $1.50.—The Pursuit, by Frank Savile, illus., $1.50.—An American Baby Abroad, how he played Cupid to a Kentucky beauty, by Mrs. Charles N. Crewdson, illus., $1.50.—The Red Symbol, by John Ironside, illus., $1.50.—Caleb Trench, by Mary Imlay Taylor, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—The Upgrade, by Wilder Goodwin, illus., $1.50.—The Snare of Circumstance, by Edith E. Buckley, illus., $1.50. (Little, Brown & Co.) 210 [March 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OP SPRING BOOKS —continued. Lady Merton, Colonist, by Mrs. Humphry Ward, illus., $1.50.—Strictly Business, by O. Henry, $1.20 net.—The Personal Conduct of Belinda, by Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd, illus., $1.20 net.—A Village of Vagabonds, by F. Berkeley Smith, illus., $1.50 net. —The Fascinating Mrs. Holton, by E. F. Benson, illus., $1.20 net.—The Blonde Lady, by Maurice Leblanc, illus., $1.50.—The Awakening of Zojas, by Miriam Michelson, illus., $1. net.—The Vanity Box, by Alice Stuyvesant, illus. in color, etc., $1.20 net. —Blaze Derringer, by Eugene P. Lyle, Jr., illus. in color, etc., $1.50. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) 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Keeling.—Works of Sir Walter Scott, new vols.: The Fortunes of Nigel, The Antiquary, Kenil- worth, The Heart of Midlothian, The Monastery, The Abbot; each illus.—The World's Classics, new vols.: Lord Dufferin's Letters from High Latitudes, with introduction by R. W. Macan; Tennyson's Poetry, with introduction by T. Herbert Warren; Mrs. Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, with intro- duction by C. K. Shorter; Washington Irving's Con- quest of Granada. (Oxford University Press.) The Works of Thomas Hardy, thin-paper edition, new vols.: The Return of the Native, Jude the Obscure, Far from the Madding Crowd, Under the Green- wood Tree; each $1.25 net. (Harper & Brothers.) World's Story Tellers Series, new vol.: Stories by Gustave Flaubert, 40 cts. net.—Works of Samuel Butler, comprising: The Way of All Flesh; Ere- whon; Erewhon Revisited. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, by John Bigelow, new edition, with portrait, $1.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. Wonder Book and Tanglewood Tales, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, illus. in color by H. Granville Fell, $2.50—Tales, by Wilhelm Hauff, illus. in color, $2.50.—Captain Pete in Alaska, by James Cooper Wheeler, $1.50.—Captain Polly, by Gabrielle E. Jackson.—Fighting with Fremont, by Everett Mc- Neill, $1.50.—The Adventures of Tommy Post-office, by Gabrielle E. Jackson. — Told to the Children Series, new vols.: Celtic Tales, by Louy Chisholm; Stories from Shakespeare, second series; each illus. in color, 50 cts. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) Harper's Handy-Book for Girls, edited by Anna Parmly Paret, illus., $1/(5.—An Explorer's Adven- tures in Tibet, by A. Henry Savage Landor, illus., $1.50.—Little Miss Fales, by Emilia Benson and Alden Arthur Knipe, with frontispiece in color, $1.25.—Story-Told Science Series, new vol.: A Holi- day with the Birds, by Jeannette Marks and Julia Moody, illus. in color, etc., 75 cts.—The Little Adventures of Kittie Tipsy-Toe, by Louise Morgan Sill, illus. in color, etc., 75 cts.—Harper's Athletic Series, new vol.: Making Good, stories of golf and other out-door sports, by F. H. Spearman and others, illus., 60 cts. (Harper & Brothers.) Four Boys and a Fortune, by Everett T. Tomlinson, illus., $1.50.—The Boys of Brookfield Academy, by Warren L. Eldred, illus., $1.50.—John and Betty's History Visit, by Margaret Williamson, illus.. $1.25. —Oliver Optic Series, new vols.: Building Himself Up, Lyon Hart's Heroism, Louis Chadwick's Mis- sion, Royal Tarr's Pluck, The Professor's Son, Striving for his Own; each illus., $1. (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.) 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P. Jackson, new edition.-— Theoretical Principles of the Methods of Analytic Chemistry, by Chesneau; trans, by Lincoln and Carnahan.—Laboratory Manual of Physical Geog- raphy, by P. S. Tarr and O. D. von Engeln.— Geographical Headers, by James F. Chamberlain and Arthur H. Chamberlain.-—The American Spell- ing Book, by William Estabrook Chancellor.—Phys- ical Chemistry, by Harry C. Jones.—College Alge- bra, by Davisson.—Trigonometry, by D. A. Both- rock, $1.40 net.—College Physics, by Beed and Guthe.—Tacitus' Histories, I. and III., edited by Frank Moore, 60 cts.—Livy, Book XXI, and Selec- tions, edited by James C. Egbert. (Macmillan Co.) Principles of Education, by Frederick E. Bolton, $3. net.—Selections from Southern Writers, a supple- mentary reader for use in secondary sehools, by Bruce R. Crane and Edwin Mims.—Manual Train- ing for Common Schools, an organized course in wood-working, by Eldreth G. Allen, edited by Fas- sett A. 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(Small, May- nard & Co.) XiiST of New Books. [The following list, containing 70 titles, includes books received by This Dial since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Porflrlo Diaz, President of Mexico: The Master Builder or a Great Commonwealth. By Jose F. Godoy. Illustrated. 8vo. 253 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net. Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809-1896: Life Sketches Written at the Suggestion of his Children. Edited by Thomas J. McCormack: with preface by R. E. Ronibauer. In 2 volumes, with photogravure portraits, large 8vo. Cedar Rapids, la.: Torch Press. $10. net. Life and Letters of General W. H. L. Wallace. By Isabel Wallace. Illustrated, 8vo. 231 pages. Chicago: R. R. Don- nelley & Sons Co. $1.50 net. Horace Mann, Educator, Patriot, and Reformer: A Study in Leadership. By George Allen Bubbell. Illustrated. 12mo, 285 pages. Philadelphia: W. F. Fell Co. $1.50. Stories of Authors, British and American. By Edwin Watts Chnbb. With portraits, 12mo, 369 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.25 net. HISTORY. The Last American Frontier. By Frederic Logan Paxon. Illustrated. 12mo. 402 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. Le Japon; Hlstolre et Civilisation. Par le Marquis de la Mazell&re. Vols. IV. and V.: Le Japon Moderne. 1854-1910. Each illustrated, 12mo. Paris, France: Plon-Nourrit & (He. Paper. GENEBAL LITEBATT7BE. The Spirit of America. By Henry van Dyke. 12mo. 276 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. With the Professor. By Grant Showerman. l2mo. 360 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50 net. The Inspiration of Poetry. By George Edward Wood berry. 12mo. 232 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net. St. George of Cappadocla, in Legend and History. By Cornelia Steketee Hulst. Illustrated in color, etc.. large 8vo. 156 pages. London: David Nutt. $3. net. At the Library Table. By Adrian Hoffman Joline. 8vo, 211 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50 net. A Father to his Son: A Letter to an Undergraduate upon his Entering College. By John D. Swain. 32mo. 22 pages. New Haven: Yale Publishing Association. 35cts.net. Was Will Shakespeare a Gentleman f Some Questions in Shakespeare's Biography Determined. By Samnel A. Tannenbaum. 8vo,29pages.NewYork: Tenney Press. 50cts. BOOKS OF VEBSE. The Comfort of the Hills, and Other Poems. By S. Weir Mitchell. 16mo, 98 pages. Century Co. $1. net. Many Gods. By Cale Young Rice. 12mo. 109 pages. Double- day. Page & Co. $1.25 net. Saint-Gandens : An Ode. and Other Verse. By Robert Under- wood Johnson. Third edition, 16mo. 810 pages. Century Co. $1.20 net. | The Message of Song. By William Grey Maxwell. 12mo. 205 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net. Contemporary German Poetry. Selected and translated by Jethro Bithell. 16mo, 191 pages. London: Walter Scott Publishing Co. The Death of Maid MoCrea. By O. C. Aurlnger. 16mo, 66 pages. Richard G. Badger. Sir Orfeo. Adapted from the Middle English by Edward Eyre Hunt. 32mo, 32 pages. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Co- operative Society. 50 cts. net. Beatrioe: A Legend of Our Lady. Translated by Harold de Wolf Fuller. 32mo. 53 pages. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Cooperative Society. 50 cts. net. FICTION. The Duke's Price. By Demetra and Kenneth Brown. Illus- trated in color, 12mo. 292 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.20 net. Predestined: A Novel of New York Life. By Stephen French Whitman. 12mo, 463 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Crossways. By Helen Reimensnyder Martin. l2mo, 311 pages. Century Co. $1.50. Kings in Exile. By Charles G. D. Roberts. Illustrated, 12mo. 299 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Thurston of Orchard Valley. By Harold Bindloss. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 308 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.30 net. An Apprentice to Truth. By Helen Huntington. 12mo, 405 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. The Beauty. By Mrs. Wilson Wood row. Illustrated, 12mo. 322 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. The Isle of Whispers : A Tale of the New England Seas. By E. Lawrence Dudley. 12mo, 297 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. The Danger Trail. By James Oliver Curwood. Illustrated in color, 12mo. 306 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. The Unknown Quantity. By Gertrude Hall. 12mo, 300 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. Theodora's Husband. By Louise Mack. • 12mo, 329 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50. 1910.] 217 THE DIAL The Day of Souls. By Charles Tenney Jackson. Illustrated, 12mo. 390 paces. Bobbs-Merrill Co. (1.60. The Climax. By George C. Jenks. Illustrated In color. 12mo, 834 paces. New York: H. K. Fly Co. $1.50. Something- about Slnglefoot: Chapters on the Life of an OHhkosh Man. By John Hicks. 12mo. 437 paces. New York: Cochrane Publishing Co. $1.60. A Fool There Was. By Porter Emerson Browne. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 303 paces. New York: H. K. Fly Co. $1.60 net. The Girl from Vermont: The Story of a Vacation School Teacher. By Marshall Saunders. Illustrated in color, etc.. 12mo. 248 pages. Griffith & Rowland Press. $1.26 net. The Glory of His Country. By Frederick Landis. 12mo, 226 pages. 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It's the canvas- backs in the flock that count, — in other words, financial standing and probable interest of audience that the book publisher must consider. What's the use in urging a dollar-and-a-half book on five hundred thousand readers if eighty per cent of that number didn't know there was that much money in the world, and would n't spend it for books if they had it to spare?" I N ADVERTISING in The Dial the publisher wastes no ammunition,— every bird in the flock is a canvas- back. The Dial is devoted exclusively to books—its readers are exclusively buyers of books. Several thousand well-to-do people — private readers, librarians, booksellers—read The Dial regularly, and depend wholly upon its guidance in making book purchases. ^HESE people, the cream of the American book-buying public, can be reached only through The Dial. THE DIAL a &ntu*j3a<mttlg Journal of fL'terarg Criticism, ©tBcusaton, ant> Information. THE DIAL (founded in 18S0) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. Terms of Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. Remittancbs should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. Advertising Rates furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3,1879. No. 571. APRIL 1, 1910. Vol. XLVIII. Contents. PAGE THE BANKRUPTCY OF LITERATURE . . .227 BERNARD SHAW IN FRANCE. Lewis Nathaniel Chase 229 CASUAL COMMENT 233 Mr. Sanborn as bis own publisher.— "The greatest physicist in America."— The king of cartoonists at ninety.—A difficult task in manuscript-deciphering. — The need of a neutral pronoun. — The Mankato Public Library. — The rapid growth of the English language. — Librarian Lummis's resignation. — A renewal of the fight for Greek at Oxford. — A periodical relapse. — A grain of Shakespeari