itney by Mr. Edwin T. Brewster. A life of Bach by Sir Hubert Parry, and one 170 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL of Verlaine by M. E. Lepelletier, may be given as a continental makeweight to these English and American examples. Among works of history, the following seem to us particularly alluring: "The Birth of Modern Italy," a volume of papers by the late Jessie White Mario; "Garibaldi and the Thousand," by Mr. George M. Trevelyan; "Men and Manners of Old Florence," by Dr. Guido Biagi; "The Great French Revolution," by Prince Peter Kropotkin; "Society and Politics in Ancient Home," by Professor Frank F. Abbott; and "The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century " (which will probably turn out to be political and social philosophy rather than history), by Mr. Houston Stewart Cham- berlain, that distinguished English scholar who writes his books in German, to be afterwards translated into his own tongue. In the field of literature, the publication of Emerson's Journals seems to be the most im- portant single announcement. They are to be edited by Messrs. Edward W. Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes, and will be precious documents indeed. Volumes of essays that will find eager readers are "The American of the Future," by Professor Brander Matthews; "American Prose Masters," by Mr. William C. Brownell; "The Mystery of Education, and Other Academic Performances," by Professor Barrett Wendell; "The Spirit of America," by Mr. Henry van Dyke; "Essays on Modern Novelists," by Professor William L. Phelps; "Masters of the English Novel," by Professor Richard Burton; and collections of papers by Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Richard Watson Gilder. Two important works of cognate interest are Professor Gildersleeve's "Hellas and Hesperia," being lectures on the vitality of Greek studies in America, and Pro- fessor Mahaffy's " What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization'!" being a Lowell lecture course of last winter. The poet usually avoids the puff preliminary, and it is our experience every year that the most vital poetry comes almost unheralded. The announcements at hand, however, include volumes by Mr. Percy Mackaye, Dr. Henry van Dyke, Mr. Charles E. Russell, Mr. Richard Le Gallienne, Professor Richard Burton, Mr. Madison Cawein, Miss Louise Imogen Guiney, Miss Josephine Preston Peabody, and Mrs. Florence Earle Coates. We are glad to note that "Dido, Queen of Carthage," by Mr. Stephen Phillips, is promised for early publi- cation, and that the poems of Mr. William Winter are to be brought into a newly col- lected edition. In the wilderness of promised fiction there is one cheerful resting-place provided by Mr. De Morgan's new story, characteristically entitled "It Never Can Happen Again." We are not likely to have another novel " equally as good," although we make the suggestion with a certain hesitation, being fresh from the late summer surprise of "The Old Wives' Tale," and re- calling two or three other recent delightful examples of the unexpected. We may also entertain "great expectations" of such books as "Ann Veronica," by Mr. H. G. Wells; "Open Country," by Mr. Maurice Hewlett: "A Life for a Life," by Mr. Robert Herrick; "John Marvel, Assistant," by Mr. Thomas Nelson Page; and "Bella Donna," by Mr. Robert Hichens. If we may not expect greatly, we at least know about what we shall get in such stories as "The Silver Horde," by Mr. Rex Beach; "The Leopard and the Lady," by Miss Marjorie Bowen; "The Danger Mark," by Mr. Robert W. Chambers; "The Florentine Frame," by Miss Elizabeth Robins; and " The Red Saint," by Mr. Warwick Deeping. We are also to have " Stradella," a second posthu- mous book by Marion Crawford; and also " On the Lightship,"a posthumous collection of stories by Herman Knickerbocker Viele. There are others, to the number of several hundreds; and we shall see what we shall see. Perhaps, after all, books of travel will occupy the foremost place in the public eye. What volumes may be brought forth by Messrs. Cook and Peary and their zealous partisans we may hardly conjecture ; but of books actually in sight we note Mr. Sven Hedin's "Trans-Himalaya," and "An Antarctic Voyage" by Lieutenant Shackleton, both of which will be contributions to knowledge if not to entertainment. And the reader for pleasure combined with instruction will be likely to find his account in such books as that on Portugal by Mr. Ernest Oldmeadow, "Seven English Cities " by Mr. W. D. Howells, "Unknown Tuscany " by Mr. Edward Hutton, "The Land of the Lion*" by Mr. W. S. Rains- ford, and Mr. Albert Sonnichsen's " Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit." The travels of John Davis in the United States a hundred years ago are to be reprinted, offering a contrast to books of modern journeyings. And if there is any- thing in an author's name to attract attention to a book, readers should be found for a work on "The Servian People " by Prince Lazarovich- Hrebeli'ainovich. 1909.] 171 THE DIAL, THE BOOKS FROM QUEER STREET. • ■ There is an indefinable something about the books from Queer Street that always betrays them. Just as the mentally unbalanced reveal their unsteadiness of equilibrium by their gait, their gestures, a turn of the head, a glance of the eye, so the writings of the eccentric, the obsessed, the more or less insane, have a tone or a style or an atmosphere that unfail- ingly distinguishes them from the books from Ortho- dox Avenue. The favorite topics of our eccentric authors, our writers born with a screw loose somewhere in the brain's mechanism, are the famous insoluble prob- lems of all ages, such as the squaring of the circle, the doubling of the cube, the trisecting of an angle, the invention of perpetual motion, the finding of the philosopher's stone, and so on; while also the upset- ting of accepted theories, like the law of gravitation or the sphericity of the globe, is undertaken again and again with a zeal truly religious. A first cousin to the passion for humbling Newton to the dust is the frantic eagerness to strip Shakespeare of his honors. In recent years still another class of peculiar books has made its appearance — the products, or by-products, of the "new psychology," the works of writers indulging in somewhat too beatific visions of the unlimited powers and possibilities of the human mind. To touch briefly on the last class first, its authors affect a vagueness of expression, a floridity of style, and a free use of neologisms, that rarely fail to impress and overawe the reader of unscholarly habit and inexact thinking. In a recent work that pro- fesses to be "a relation of the observations and experiences of a philosopher and poet in the spirit world," communicated by thought-vibrations to an earthly scribe, there is much said about harmonial relations with the infinite, spiritual radiations, aural surroundings, incarnate and excarnate souls, vice- gerents of the Great Oversold, and other like sub- limities. Amid much that is excellent and suggestive in its way, a few characteristic sentences, a little baffling to the plain reader, may be quoted as rhetor- ical examples. "The polarization of all spiritual aspirations in consciousness precedes illumination and the unfolding of the theocracy." "Why should I not sit at the feet of wisdom, and learn from the vice-gerents of the Great Oversold, whose radiations permeate every part of an infinite universe, in whose effluences these, my desired teachers, had become partakers of that whereof I had not attained?" The writer more than once struggles unsuccessfully with the difficulties of " attain " and " obtain," and what preposition, if any, to use with each; he attains of and obtains to, which is sad to the grammarian. He also splits his infinitives with a ruthlessness that would sorely disturb the serenity of a purist, and ordinary words are shouldered out of the way to give place to terms not yet vulgarized by any maker of dictionaries. Somewhat as the ancient Greeks dis- guised the terrors of the furies and the horrors of the night under propitiatory euphemisms, this writer elaborates a graceful periphrasis when referring to death. A friend of his, instead of dying as men have commonly been in the habit of doing, "passed out from his always rather delicate frame, and, after a short time in a semi-conscious condition, awoke to the reality of being.'' A distinguishing mark of the class of literature to which the above-cited work belongs is its dogmatic tone, its " cocksureness," its sublime disregard of all opposing evidence or proof. "To doubt would be disloyalty, to falter would be sin," is the writer's motto. From an article on " True Occultism," pub- lished in a reputable monthly that has an honored place in "Poole's Index," we take a passage that fairly stuns one with stiffly dogmatic affirmations. "Occult philosophy teaches, first of all, that man must be. The doing is of secondary import. Only as he is, can he rightly do. The hidden wisdom of the Sphinx and Isis is the same. Isis (Isisi, Be-Be, 'I am that I am,' sums up the secret of all life; and when one knows this law, the powers long hidden in his being will arise and crown him king." Note the splendid audacity with which the writer cuts the etymological knot of the real meaning and derivation of the Egyptian goddess's name! The famous deriva- tion of "King Jeremiah " from " pickled cucumber" is not more admirable. A little dip into a well-known book by a well- known apostle of new or newest thought brings up the following: "Just behind the seen and material human organism there is a sensuous mind, the most outward and fleshly of the immaterial part, which pertains especially to the body and acts directly upon it. Next within is the intellectual zone, and still deeper, in the innermost, is the spiritual ego, the divine image." This recalls Swedenborg's confident assertion that" The human mind is distinguished into three regions: the highest, which is also the inmost, is called celestial, the middle spiritual, and the lowest natural" and makes us wish that we too were privileged to know and to declare, without need of evidence or argument, some of these sublime and awful truths. A favorite illusion of the producers of eccentric literature is that all the colleges and universities and learned bodies the world over are the victims, the voluntary victims, of error, and are banded together to suppress the truth and to crush all who would be its proclaimers. A writer in the magazine already cited, moved to utterance by a sense of the wrongs of the laboring classes, and a conviction that he has discovered the remedy, thus expresses the matter: "Those who have consumed their days in prayer- ful learning, whose nightly tapers have waxed dim in the examination of the subtlest problems and the broadest measurements of human society, should they forsooth not be wiser than the unread weak- lings of their generation? . . . Verily, verily. And yet the mob is right, and the scholars are the sci- olists." The Rev. Edward Dingle, in concluding his remarkable work entitled "The Balance of Physics, 172 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL the Square of the Circle, and the Earth's True Solar and Lunar Distances," which appeared in London nearly twenty-five years ago, devoutly exclaims: "To the Lord he all thanksgiving, who has kept my intellect and the directing of its thoughts sound, while seeking to deliver his word from the exulting shouts of his enemies and the seducers of mankind!" Immensely flattering to one's self-love is it to imagine oneself the chosen depositary of secrets, whether mathematical or physical or celestial, un- revealed to the rest of mankind; and if one is only sufficiently determined and sufficiently deaf to reason, there is no reason why there should ever be any rude awakening. But faith will falter at times, and then there comes a shrill note of anger, or a blustering attempt to mask one's fear that, after all, the other side may be in the right These depart- ures from the placidly self-confident tone are quite natural and excusable when the circle-squarer or the flat-earth champion has spent life and substance in unavailing efforts to convert the rest of the world. A bulky volume (whose name and authorship refuse to come forth from the mists of the past) essaying to prove the absurdity and even iniquity of the wave theory of sound, and vehemently denouncing Tyndall, Helmholtz, and other teachers of the hated doctrine, had some vogue in rural communities, and especially among the back-woods ministry, about thirty years ago. Again and again were Messrs. Tyndall, Helmholtz & Co. driven into a corner, put into a hole, held up to scathing ridicule, and shown to be the veriest bunglers and blunderers in science. Forgetting one's lessons in elementary accoustics, and accepting the author's premises and sharing his animus, one could not but find the book delightful reading; so gratifying is it to be right, in a minority of two, while all the rest of the world is wallowing in a bog of hopeless error and wilful delusion. Next to being the author of a prodigiously successful and world-famous book, what could be more glorious than to be the author of a book that is right where all other books have been wrong, and whose sales are suppressed by the united exertions of the con- federated enemies of truth? One of John Fiske's last and best contributions to magazine literature was an article on "Some Cranks and their Crotchets," in which he pointed out some of the stigmata or witch-marks of crankery as they are found in books. His experience as assist- ant librarian in the Harvard library had made him acquainted with many works that well illustrate the wide difference between the delicious drollery of the wise man and the earnest nonsense of the fool. We laugh with the one writer and at the other. In nothing does the crank more quickly and surely betray his obliquity of vision, when he rushes into print, than in his utter failure to see the humorous aspect of things. His is the terrible seriousness of the little child that cannot smile when it is in earnest. If one wishes to make sure that one's books shall never be classified by the library cataloguer with "insane literature " — or, as Fiske considerately decided to style it out of regard for the feelings of those abnormal authors who are still with us and are in the habit of consulting library catalogues, "eccen- tric literature " — it would seem to be only necessary never to be so tremendously in earnest as to lose the power of laughing at oneself. CASUAL COMMENT. Present-day tendencies to mysticism are discernible in many quarters. The recent Congress of Psychology at Geneva has been considering the psychology of religion and theology, and Professor Harold Hoeffding of Copenhagen declared that the things most important for us to know are unknow- able, essentially mysterious, and that the search for ultimate reality leads inevitably to mysticism. One of the most talked-of and most original of modern thinkers, the French philosopher Bergson, shows de- cided mystical leanings. The mysterious and the wonder-compelling are leading motives in the current drama, as may be seen in recent plays by Messrs. Barrie, Hauptmann, and Maeterlinck — in "Peter Pan," "The Sunken Bell," and "The Blue Bird." All sorts of more or less fantastic and mystical cults are in vogue, though to name them might be thought invidious. This is called a scientific and practical and calmly critical age; but the more strenuous the efforts of the scientist to lay bare naked reality, to demonstrate exactly what the ultimate particle of matter really is, the more is he baffled and per- plexed and forced to take refuge in the non-material realm. To learn that the atom is, after all, probably nothing but a system of pulsations, or a mode of motion, or a centre of mysterious forces, is about as definite as the old answer to the question, What is matter? — never mind; or, What is mind ? — no matter. The degradation of words, the gradual descent in the scale of dignity and respectability of certain adjectives and nouns and verbs and adverbs, with the constant necessity of finding or coining other terms to fill the vacancies, is a subject of more than philological interest. Is it because familiarity breeds contempt, that words are so continually losing caste? or is the unceasing change to which every living language is subject simply one illustration of the Heraclitean doctrine that all things are in a state of flux? The latest section of the Oxford English Dictionary, containing words beginning with S as far as Sauce, embraces an unexpected number of these discredited or shabby-genteel terms; and, what is worthy of note, these terms are more than likely to denote moral qualities. "Saintly" and "sancti- monious" are now, in common speech, of uncompli- mentary significance. By their side are to be placed a long array of adjectives, once denoting none but laudable attributes, but now much the worse for wear. Who would like to be known as the "worthy" Mr. Smith, or as "honest "Jacob Jones, or as "innocent" 1909.] 173 THE DIAL Tom Miller, or as "clever" Bob Burly? Even adjectives indicative of intellectual preeminence easily assume undesirable implications. "Sapient" and in a lesser degree "sagacious" readily lend themselves to the uses of satire. After all, our language is much like the Chinese: tone of voice or accent has to show in what one of various possible senses our words are used. An entirely new edition of the Encyclo- pedia Britannica is announced for next year. This eminently national work, as solid and substan- tial and authoritative as the Bank of England or the London " Times," is now almost a century and a half old, and its latest reissue took place twenty or more years ago, so that very naturally it fails to meet the demand for up-to-date information on such subjects as wireless telegraphy, radioactivity, aeronautics, pragmatism, psychotherapy, and various others. An encyclopaedia, like a library catalogue, is no sooner issued than it is out of date, its disease of senectitude becoming more and more acute with each passing year; but though librarians have in a measure mastered the difficulty of the catalogue by adopting the ever-expansible card system, no publisher has yet undertaken to supply the world with encyclo- paedic learning in card-catalogue form, nor is it a form likely to commend itself to the public. Must, then, the next-to-the-last edition always be thrown away as so much useless lumber? A report, almost too good to be true, is circulating that in this instance the Britannica's publishers will take back the ninth edition in considerable part-payment for the tenth — though one might suggest that it would be better to accept the purchaser's affidavit of pro- prietorship in the earlier edition and save the freight thereon, which might go toward diminishing still further the reduced rate at which the new work is offered to owners of the old. THE TRAVEL-TALE AS A FAVORITE FORM OF LIT- ERARY hoax furnishes food for reflection. Just at present, when the civilized world is absorbed in details of the exploration of the Northern Pole, the historic instances are being recalled of published travels and discoveries and explorations that enter- tained and perhaps instructed the world, but lacked the essential if prosaic element of truth. The benevolent Father Hennepin's voyage down the Mississippi to its very mouth, as recorded in the later and more elaborate edition of his Journal, was largely a stay-at-home journey. Louis de Rouge- mont's marvellous experience as chief of a cannibal tribe in the wilds of interior Australia was received with raptures of astonishment — until an unpoetic wife of the romancer rudely upset the airy fabric of her husband's fertile fancy. Like those foolish fishes that will even gulp down an unbaited hook, the dear public has delighted to be humbugged by the most barefaced of frauds. A Boston newspaper once printed, in jocose mood, a detailed description of a vessel of the Swiss navy that was announced to have arrived at that port; and the article was copied by other journals in good faith and solemnly read by hundreds as a genuine news item. The love of fairy tales does not die out with the shedding of the milk-teeth. The advantages of a layman's point of view, in literature, in art, and even in matters more severely technical and special, is often unquestion- able. Detachment and impartiality are not easily maintained by those in the thick of the fight. Mr. Bernhard Berenson, the well-known art critic, on reading a letter by an American painter harshly criticising Titian and Tintoretto and the Venetian school in general, is reported to have expressed an emphatic opinion on the impossibility of being at the same time a great artist and a competent critic of art. The painter, said he, "gets so thoroughly in the habit of his own manner and form, his own way of seeing things, that when he looks at the work of other men all he notices is that they don't paint as he does. He is more narrow-minded in his criticism even than a layman who knows nothing about the subject." In the field of letters, Robert Buchanan's famous assault on Rossetti (" The Fleshly School of Poetry ") is an instance of narrow and unjust criti- cism of one writer's work by another. And there are many others. No man who is himself in the arena, helping to stir up the dust, can command a clear view of his competitors. • • « Lord Bacon as a writer of verse ought as- suredly to have had no great difficulty in keeping his own identity from getting mixed up with that of a certain author of sundry plays and sonnets that have since acquired fame. In "The Nineteenth Century" for August Sir Edward Sullivan has a well-considered and reasonably convincing article on "Francis Bacon as a Poet," with illustrative if not highly exhilarating extracts from the erudite nobleman's "Translations of Certain Psalms into English Verse" and ^Apothegms New and Old." On the whole, few readers of unbiased minds will find any difficulty in subscribing, with the author of the article, to Spedding's opinion that there are probably " not five consecutive lines in either Bacon or Shakespeare that could possibly be interchanged, and not recognized at once by any person familiar with their styles." This, from the man whose life- work was the editing and the "whitewashing" of Bacon, should carry weight. • • • "Fletcherism" applied to reading might work wonders in curing intellectual dyspepsia, build- ing up the mental tissues, promoting the health and vigor of the brain, and increasing the patient's intel- lectual weight. When one contemplates the square yards of daily paper, especially of Sunday paper, that the eye and the mind travel over every morning, indiscriminately gobbling an article or a paragraph here and there, or perhaps even taking in the whole 174 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL rudis indigestaque moles, to let it gallop through the alimentary canal of the intellect without being one- thousandth part assimilated, one marvels that soft- ening of the brain is not a hundred times more prevalent than it actually is, and one feels almost inclined to organize a boycott against all publishers (of whom newspaper publishers are the chief offend- ers) whose output is more remarkable for quantity than quality. For nineteen cents a day, declares one enthusiastic Fletcherite, a judicious person can buy food which, if eaten with deliberation, will more richly nourish the system than a many-course Delmoniconian bill of fare costing several dollars. A small fraction of the world's present expenditure on ephemeral reading matter — ephemeral literally and in its Greek sense — would purchase enough good, mind-nourishing, heart-sustaining literature to give every reader at least a modicum of true culture. m m m A FEROCIOUS VOCABULARY OF PEACEFUL SPORTS has been gradually developed by those enthusiastic attendants at baseball games whose vivid emotions at sight of a three-base hit or a neat double-play or a left-handed catch of a red-hot liner find all ordinary idioms too tame for tolerance. No wonder the foreign reader of our newspapers thinks us a most blood- thirsty people in our way of playing the great Amer- ican game, when he finds that a baseball nine is calmly referred to as having devoured its opponents; a base-runner dies at second, or expires on third; another is nailed at the plate, or is thrown out in trying to steal second; and a pitcher may receive so terrible a lacing that one marvels how he can ever muster courage to play again. In a compara- tively sober and sedate journal of recent date, we find the baseball section headed thus: "More Meat for Tigers—Find Yankees Toothsome Morsels for Sunday Feast." The extensive and varied termin- ology of the game is enough to puzzle and daunt the uninitiated, leading him to expect something far more elaborately barbarous than a Spanish bull-fight, and perhaps as terrifying as an old-fashioned execu- tion with preliminary torture and final dismember- ment. But we are now at the tail-end of the season, and the press will soon cease, for a while, from frightening the innocent with violent metaphor and sanguinary phrase in its baseball columns. m m m An American scholar's study of Sterne (we refer to Professor Wilbur L. Cross's "Life and Times" of that author) is meeting with gratifying success in the country of Sterne's birth. Some time ago the supply of the book furnished by the Mac- millans for English consumption was reported all sold out, which in the sluggish summer season is convincing proof of the book's worth as an interest- awakener. Being the first important work on its subject since Mr. Percy Fitzgerald's two-volume biography of Sterne, published in 1864, and being moreover from the pen of an American, it was oidy natural that the book should excite curiosity; and it is pleasant to learn that its purchasers do not appear to complain that they have failed to receive their money's worth. In this connection, and as an additional evidence that Americans look upon the great English writers and their literary productions not by any means as alien to themselves, we are glad to receive word that the custodian of the ceme- tery where Sterne was buried affirms that most of the visitors to his grave are from the United States. • • • A NEW DEFINITION OF CULTURE, to be added to the dozen or more that almost everybody can recall or invent, comes from President Hadley. His defi- nition, or rather his latest definition, makes culture "the opposite of absorption in the obvious," the low- est plane of the obvious being reached in pleasures arising from the gratification of the animal nature. "The obvious," he explains, " is that which gets in our way — the thing we cannot help seeing in its full size. The cultivated man or woman is the one who in the various fields of life . . . values in proper proportion the things which are unseen, or at best very imperfectly seen, by the less trained vision." These words of wisdom are timely and reassuring. Business is looking up, prosperity is reviving, the autumn will see "bumper " crops of various cereals, and without this reminder from President Hadley we might for a moment have forgotten the tempo- rality of the seen and the eternity of the unseen. ■ • • The life of library books may seem short to one observing how quickly they become shabby, how soon they have to be rebound, and how inevitably the most popular among them require replacing at brief intervals. But it must be remembered to what wear and tear a reading community subjects its library books. The latest report of the Galesburg (111.) Public Library states the size of its collection as 36,930 volumes, and its circulation as 152,277 for the year, besides a reference-room record of 43,127 books consulted. These bare statistics are rich in significance to one familiar with library business. Nevertheless, pressure should be brought to bear on publishers and printers and book-binders to give more attention to the physical durability of their product. • • • The two-mill tax for public libraries is not exactly a princely allowance for that highly important branch of our educational system. In the current report of the Nebraska Public Library Commission, President Haller, of the Omaha Public Library, pleads for a higher maximum levy, espe- cially for small towns. Three years ago, as he points out, Iowa passed a law permitting cities and towns with a population of six thousand or less to levy a tax of three mills on the dollar for public library support. Kansas also has taken a similar step. It is encouraging to note the interest of Nebraska's foreign population in public libraries. The Bohemians have clubbed together and bought seven hundred volumes in their language, and have presented the collection to the State, to be used in the form of travelling libraries. 1909.] 175 THE DIAL % $tto §oohs. Hobhouse, Friend of Byron.* In 1865 Lord Broughton, then nearly eighty years old, caused to be printed for private cir- culation his "Recollections of a Long Life " in five volumes; and on his death, four years later, he left in the custody of the British Museum a mass of papers, including a diary, his correspon- dence, and further memoirs, all to remain under his seal until the end of the century. Now at length, nine years after the seal of secrecy has been removed, his only surviving child (his second daughter, Charlotte, Lady Dorchester) publishes a two-volume compilation from the "Recollections," pieced out with extracts from the diary and other papers, giving the work the same title as that chosen by her father for his privately-printed reminiscences. The present work is confined wholly to the earlier period of Lord Broughton's life — the period of his intimate friendship with Byron, the records of which furnish the most import- ant portions of the material. As John Cam Hobhouse (the name by which he was called until his father's death in 1831), he is well known to all who are familiar with Byron liter- ature, especially from his profuse annotations of " Childe Harold." He was Byron's fellow- collegian and fellow-traveller, the confidant of the poet in his unhappy matrimonial venture, and executor of his last will and testament. His acquaintance was, in fact, extensive among all the celebrities of his time — literary, social, political, diplomatic, military. A single para- graph in his diary, describing a ball at the English Embassy in Paris, contains the follow- ing names: Lord Wellington, Marshal Bliicher, the Czar of Russia, Prince Metternich, Platow, Schwarzenberg, Barclay de Tolly, Prince Stadion, the Prussian royal family (except the King), the Bavarian royal princes, De Wrede, Lord Castlereagh, Marshal Ney, and others of less note. The great Napoleon was at least once closely viewed by him, the occasion being a military review, shortly before the battle of Waterloo. Napoleon is thus portrayed by his young English admirer: "I had for some time a most complete opportunity of contemplating this extraordinary being. His face is the very counterpart of Sir James Crauf urd the runa- * Recollections of a Lono Lite. By Lord Broughton (John Cam Hobhonse). With additional extracts from his private diaries. Edited by his daughter, Lady Dorchester. In two volumes. Vol. I.,1786-1816. Vol.11., 1816-1822. With portraits. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. way, and when he speaks he has the same retraction of his lips as that worthy baronet. His face is of a deadly pale, his jaws overhanging, but not so much as I had heard. His hair is short, of a dark, dusky brown. The lady in the Tuileries told me the soldiers called him notre petit tondu. He generally stood with his hands knit behind him or folded before him. Three or four times he took snuff out of a plain brown box; once looked at his watch, which, by the way, had a gold face, and, I think, a brown hair chain, like an English one. His teeth seemed regular, but not clean. He very seldom spoke, but when he did, smiled in some sort agreeably. He looked about him, not knitting but joining his eyebrows. He caught my eye, and soon withdrew his gaze, natur- ally enough the first, I having only him to look at, he having some thirty thousand. As the front of each regiment passed he put up the first finger of his left hand quickly to his hat to salute, but did not move his head or hat. He had an air of sedate impatience. . . . I did not see Napoleon equally well at all times, but stood, during the whole review, close to him, gazing at him through hats and a musket or two on tip-toe. I positively found my eyes moistened at the sight of the world's wonder — the same admiration of great actions which has often made me cry at a trait of Greek or Roman virtue caused this weakness." He continues to describe the "gratification and melancholy delight" with which he viewed " the man who has played the most extraordinary, gigantic part of any human being in ancient and modern times." Among the many interesting characters that figure in these pages are Lord and Lady Mel- bourne, the parents of Queen Victoria's minister, with their vivacious and refractory daughter-in- law, Lady Caroline Lamb, the alleged original of five heroines of fiction before Mrs. Humphry Ward revived her fame in the character of Lady Kitty Ashe. The tender relations supposed to have existed at one time between Lady Caroline and Byron are of course known to all the world, but the poet's friend appears not to make this delicate affair a subject for comment in his diary and reminiscences, so far as they are now pub- lished. One brief entry, however, records that "Lady Caroline Lamb is come to town and is in mischievous activity," and another page has the characteristic utterance from that lively lady that truth is " what one thinks at the moment." From a passage dated March 21, 1814, it ap- pears that Hobhouse was in some way partly responsible for the vexations and sorrows that Lady Caroline Lamb brought upon her husband. "This evening I went to a very small early party at Lady Lansdowne's, where there were not above 150 people present. I saw and spoke to a good many people I knew, but felt miserable, in spite of what used to re- vive me — kind words from Adair, etc. Lord Byron, whom I love more and more every day, not so much from his fame as his fondness — I think not equivocal, for me — introduced me, at her desire, to Lady Mel- bourne. Whether from habit or not I know not, but 176 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL she trembled when she spoke to me. She certainly, as she says of me, does owe me an ill turn for preventing her son from losing a bad wife. I told her a fib to please her about her son being popular in Vienna. Byron took me home in his carriage, and I sat with him an hour." A contemporaneous judgment of Byron's poetry, together with a glimpse of the poet's own opinion of his work, is afforded in this passage: "The great success of ' Childe Harold' is due chiefly to Byron's having dared to give utterance to certain feelings which every one must have encouraged in the melancholy and therefore morbid hours of his existence, and also by the intimate knowledge which he has shown of the turns taken by the passions of women. He says himself that his poems are of that sort, which will, like everything of the kind in these days, pass away, and give place to the ancient reading, but that he esteems himself fortunate in getting all that can now be got by such a passing reputation, for which there are so many competitors." There is an unmistakably human quality in a passing reference to the Edinburgh Review's praise of Byron as a first poet of the day. "Rogers called and said to him,' How will Scott like this? and how will Campbell like this?' — all the time thinking of himself. Campbell and Scott mutually hate and abuse each other." Mr. Hobhouse was, it seems, an eye-witness of Byron's famous exploit of swimming the Helles- pont, of which the poet says in " Don Juan": "As once (a feat on which ourselves we prided) Leander, Mr. Ekenhead, and I did." Here is Mr. Hobhouse's account of the incident: "We left [Smyrna] in the Solsette frigate, Captain Bathurst, and went by Mitylene [tic] to the Dardanelles. Byron and Mr. Ekenhead swam across the Hellespont to-day. Ekenhead performed this feat in an hour and five minutes, and Byron in an hour and ten minutes. They set off two miles above Europe Castle, and came out at least a miU below the Dardanelles." The chief interest of course attaches to the personal reminiscences of Byron, which are so plentiful in these volumes. The accounts of Byron's marriage and subsequent matrimonial difficulties will be turned to by many readers. Hobhouse was present at the marriage cere- mony, of which he gives many piquant details. When he wished the bride many years of hap- piness, she replied, "If I am not happy it will be my own fault." Hobhouse, himself still a bachelor, felt as if he had "buried a friend." In the closing chapter — a long one — he gives an extended account of "The Byron Separation." Into the details of this much-discussed affair we cannot enter. To those who care for the kind of matter furnished in abundance by this authoritative and doubtless important chapter, it will prove most interesting, as will also the appended letters having chiefly to do with Lord Byron's affairs. Of somewhat lesser interest are the introduc- tory notes furnished by the English publisher (Mr. John Murray, whose ancestor, of the same name and calling, is said to have made a living, and something more, out of Byron's works) and Lord Rosebery. These prefaces are short, it is true, and tell us little of importance; but they gracefully prepare the way for the leading char- acters of the book. The portraits, though few, are a welcome addition to the text; and the printing and general style of the volumes are all that the most exacting could desire. Unavoid- ably, there are here, as in all published diaries and reminiscences and letters, many paragraphs and even pages that record matters of small importance; but they are doubtless more neces- sary for the total correct impression than the reader at first realizes. However, if Lady Dorchester should feel encouraged to continue her editorial task and make public further records of her father's long life, the events of his later years might, one would judge, be advan- , tageously compressed into far less bulk than they occupy in the writer's chronicle. Consid- erable omissions, it is evident, have been made in compiling these first two volumes. A sequel of some sort, long or short, is what they now seem to demand. Percy F. Bicknell. A Naturalist in Southern Mexico.* Travel books about Mexico are almost too numerous. The man who makes a three weeks' trip into the country on a Pullman car often feels impelled to write a book. He knew noth- ing of Mexico when he started, nothing when he returned; but somehow or other his impres- sions and criticisms and advice get into print. Of such books there are more than plenty. But now and then it happens that a traveller really visits some little-known region of Mexico, for some specific and interesting purpose ; and from him a book is welcome. Hans Gadow's "Through Southern Mexico" is such a book. He has travelled widely through the less-known parts of our neighboring republic, and has conducted investigations of so serious and interesting a character that his narrative abounds in new and curious matter. Few fields are more interesting to the natur- •Thbouoh Southibn Mexico. Being an Account of the Travels of a Naturalist. By Hans Gadow. Illustrated. New York: Charles Soribner's Sons. 1909.] 177 THE DIAL alist. The keen investigator is sure to discover valuable unknown material. A single American collector, Pringle, has made known a fourth of the recognized flora of Mexico; Nelson has per- haps doubled the list of known mammals ; out of two hundred and twenty-seven species de- scribed in Meek's "Fresh-water Fishes of Mexico," more than fifty were discovered or named by the author; Wheeler and Tower find the entomological field almost untouched. No wonder that students are turning to Mexico, and that such interesting narratives are appear- ing as Baker's "Naturalist in Mexico" and Beebe's " Two Bird Lovers in Mexico." But neither Baker nor Beebe went far off of beaten tracks ; Gadow did. His specialty was reptiles and batrachians; his greatest interest was in the species distribution of animals and plants with reference to their environmental conditions; his field was the tropical forest and mountain coun- try of the States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. His neighbors, when he was at work, were such Indian tribes as the Mixtecs and Zapotecs, and the much less known Mazatecs and Juaves. He camped for days on the great mountain Citlaltepetl (Orizaba), the highest in Mexico, whose towering snow-cap, popularly known as " El Pico," is the finest landmark in the Republic, and his observations there on alti- tudinal distribution are exceptional in interest and value. While the work is a narrative of personal travel and experience, the author dis- cusses many curious topics, such as the features of the tropical forest, coral snakes and warning colors, rattlesnakes and the evolution of the rattle, four-eyed fish, etc. The author gives a necessary caution in bis preface. "Care has been taken to mention the various creatures at the time and place that we observed them. The country swarms with life, and yet days may pass without a glimpse of any- thing worth relating, and the best finds are made unexpectedly." A striking illustration of this fact is given. The author had stopped at Pre- sidio station, in the State of Vera Cruz, and was out searching. "Whilst rambling along the edge of the forest we became conscious of a noise, at first resembling the mut- ter of a distant sawmill; but on our reaching the other side of a cluster of trees, this sound grew into a roar, like that of steam escaping from many engines, mingled with the sharp and piercing scream of saws. It came from a meadow containing a shallow pool of rainwater. In the wet grass, on its stalks, and on the ground, hopped about hundreds of large green tree-frogs; nearer the pond they were to be seen in thousands, and in the water itself were tens of thousands. . . . The din was so great that it was with difficulty that we caught the remarks that we shouted, although we were standing only a few feet apart. . . . Now the grassy pool, where the frogs were closest, was about thirty yards square (900 square yards) . . . and each square yard held from fifty to one hundred frogs — many square yards certainly held several hundred each. At the lowest computation this gives 45,000 frogs; . . . supposing there were only 20,000 females, each spawning . . . only 5000 eggs . . . the total would amount to one hundred million eggs. The spawn literally covered the ground and water thickly. But the greatest surprise awaited us on the following morning, when we went to photograph the scene. There was not a single frog left; the water had all evaporated, and the whole place was glazed over with dried-np spawn." Though this was one of the commonest of the tropical Mexican frogs, Gadow saw in all the rest of his month's field-work only eight or" ten specimens! While his original observations are of the highest interest, and an actual contribution to knowledge, Dr. Gadow makes rather frequent slips in Spanish, and in statements of common- place things and conditions. Thus, he uses the word plantanos for platanos, which is the general name for bananas and plantains; he repeatedly uses the word bejugo (a vine or liana) for bejuco; and he gives chicla for chicle. He should surely not mention a "cathedral" at Orizaba. And he falls into an ordinary tourists' blunder in speaking of "pigskin" bottles for pulque. These are relatively small matters. Dr. Gadow's book is a valuable contribution to Mexicana, because he went where few have gone, and did what none have done. Frederick Starr. The Study of Modern English.* Unlike a large majority of recent books on the English language, the work on Modern English by Dr. Krapp of Columbia can abund- antly justify its existence. It has a point to make worth making, and it makes it well. While the very reverse of provincial, it is a book that could hardly have been written any- where but in America, its note throughout being frankly and refreshingly democratic. Its con- clusions, therefore, are not likely to find full favor with the creators of artificial "authority," or with academic conservatives in general. But to all who believe in the sometimes forgotten thesis that language is made for man, and espe- cially to teachers of English whose tendency to grow dogmatic is increased unconsciously by the • Modern English. Its Growth and Present Use. By George Philip Krapp, Ph.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 178 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL dogmatism of their text-books, the saneness and calm cogency of such a chapter as that on '"English Sounds " should be both helpful and welcome. The book is attractively printed, and, for a first edition, is commendably free from textual errors; "ealde " for ealdan (p. 95,1.2) and "starbord" for starboard (p. 190, 1. 2) are rare instances. Coming to statements of fact, one is inclined at times to question, at others to take' positive issue. It is true (p. 147) that "too" is the stressed form of which " to is the frequently un- stressed; but why say that" of " is the unstressed form of which " off" is the stressed? The facts of stress are of course as stated, but why couple in this fashion words that phonetically have not an element in common? Again (p. 199), in the illustrations of verbs usually intransitive be- coming transitive, "to walk a horse" is well chosen. In "to walk the streets," " to jump a fence," however, "the streets " and "a fence" seem essentially (logically, as Doctor Krapp would put it) to be adverbs; nor in "I walk the deck my Captain lies" is there anything of a transitive nature in the verbs. Finally (p. 254), "habit" (meaning dress) is listed among the French words brought into contem- porary English. What about " Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy"? A more serious indictment must be brought against the style of the book. There is no reason why scientific prose should fail in euphony or be wasteful of a reader's powers, and such faults are especially to be condemned when language is the theme; let us give to our German philologists a monopoly of the lumber- ing and the harsh. Speaking generally, our author is sounder in his grammatical principles than in his rhetorical practice; we doubt, though, whether he would give deliberate approval to these sad examples of the cacophonous: (p. 171) "The contemporary imperfectly educated per- son"; (p. 220) " two historically clearly distin- guishable strands"; (p. 293) "are generally unmistakably determined"; (p. 123) "only approximately correcily." Again, to use a technical terminology, the style is faulty in its collocation of correlatives: (p. 32) "Since instruction in English was no longer given in the schools, but only in French"; (p.'35) "In Chaucer we have one who was not only a consummate artist in the use of language, but one also who . . . could sound . . ." Should it be argued that these faults are venial, if indeed they are faults at all, and that the English- speaking public grows less and less insistent on the niceties of arrangement and of sound, it may be answered that some of the rules of rhetoric (all the valid ones, says Spencer) are grounded in the conserving of energy, and that the prin- ciples of such conservation do not derive their authority from the judgment of majorities. Some of those principles, let us make bold to say, strike their roots deep down into ethics. Even if the faults thus far referred to are rhetorical peccadilloes, the following sentence (p. 138) is nothing short of a rhetorical crime: "The pronunciation, however, still persists as a survival in the speech of old-fashioned people, and, since they are always slower in arriving at imitative innovations than the educated, it per- sists also in the speech of the ' ignorant' and 'uneducated.'" One reaches the end of the sentence before discovering fully that his inevi- table reference of "they" to "old-fashioned people " has thrown him from the track of the thought. It is neither good sense nor good morals for an author thus needlessly to exhaust his reader's time and patience. But these are surface failings. The book itself is an exceptionally good one, and will doubtless be read widely and with profit. C. B. Wright. Memoirs of a Royalist Exile.* Memoirs are oftenest read because of the importance of the role played by their writer, and occasionally for the evidence they furnish toward the settlement of some interesting his- torical question. Neither of these uses render noteworthy the "Recollections of the Baron de Fre"nilly." He was not a distinguished man, although he attained a certain prominence during the Restoration among those who were "more royalist than the king." He wrote his memoirs so late in life, and when separated so completely from the means of verifying what recurred to his mind, that his testimony cannot be accepted upon any matter requiring exact- ness of statement. And yet these "Recollec- tions," once begun, will probably be read to the last page, and if read will not soon be forgotten nor regarded as without historical interest. The reason is that Fre'nilly had an artist's sense for the value of every stroke in the portraits that fill his pages; his memory notes with the vividness of a fresh impression the characteristics of the changing phases of • Recollections op the Baron de FmEnilly. Edited by Arthur Chuquet. Translated by Frederick Lees. Illus- trated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1909.] 179 THE DIAL society from the Old Regime to the Restoration; and his wit is quick and keen, and as free from artificiality as a bubbling spring. His peculiar quality is a frankness, full of surprises, astound- ing in its comprehensiveness, only to be ex- plained if we believe him when he says, "My story is a secret, a disclosure made only to myself," written to divert weary hours of a long exile from France after the overthrow of Charles X. Frenilly was not of the old nobility, but belonged to one of the families of the haute Jinance. His uncle, of whom he was heir, was administrator-general of the royal domain, and his father had been receiver-general of the appan- ages of the Count of Artois in Poitou and Angou- mois. These financial families had an identity of interest with the nobility, and no noble detested the Revolution more heartily than did the young Frenilly. But he was unwilling to emigrate. He looked back upon the emigration as "a painful sacrifice followed by a loyal dupery," and declared that "it alone, and not decrees, destroyed the nobility." During the Terror he lived on one of his Touraine estates, although occasionally he came to Paris. He was on the Hue St. Honore" when the cart passed which bore Danton to the scaffold. In that cart was also Hdrault de Sechelles, ex-member of the Com- mittee of Public Safety, who, when an officer of the old Parlement of Paris, had received Frenilly as an advocate, and whom his mother had once regarded as a desirable husband for his sister. Although at one time during the Directory he •was on the point of entering the service of the government, he took no part in politics until the Restoration, when he became a pamphleteer for the Ultras. Toward the close of Villele's administration, realizing that in current estima- tion a " peerage was equivalent to a dowry of a million, and my son would soon be twenty-four years of age," he asked that his name be included in the rumored creation, but was chagrined to find there were so many on the list. With a few exceptions they were " the flower of France. . . . But this did not excuse them from the crime of being seventy-six." Frenilly had a sense of humor as well as a keen wit. A play of his was accepted at the Vaudeville, but " before half the first scene had been played I said to myself,' Oh! but this is execrable I' The public was of the same opinion, and, whilst my friends kept applauding, hissed with all its strength. I ended hj heartily hiss- ing myself; for the further the play progressed the more convinced I was that the people were right." Afterwards he weut to a dinner where wreaths of triumph were awaiting him, and told his adventure with such relish that everybody joined him in the laughter. His description of the beginning of the over- tures which led to his marriage is an example of his manner of telling his story. His notary said to him in 1800: "' Sir, you must think of marrying. I have a match to propose to you — a widow.' I made a grimace. 'Young,' he added. I smiled. 'And who possesses a very fine estate near Paris.' I listened." The "Recollections" are also full of amusing anec- dotes. One relates that an officer after a battle was supervising the burial of the dead, and thinking he saw some of the bodies move, in- formed the grave-diggers. "Let them be, sir," replied one of the men; "if we listened to them, not one of them would be dead." Fre'nilly's portraits are entirely without malice, although this would be a poor solace to some of the passing subjects of his pencil — for example, to that farmer-general, M. Delahante, who was "at bottom an excellent person," although he was " a tall, bony, square-shouldered man, with a dry, hard, vulgar face, and who smelt of money a mile off." He speaks of the Academician Bailly with appreciative' warmth, adding, however, these sentences, a propos of his election as mayor of Paris: "His modesty capitulated, he thought himself a great man, and be became ridiculous. Heaven had granted him a wife who was exactly proportioned to his entre- sol in the Louvre: a good housekeeper and nurse who adored him, a talkative, common, ignorant, stupid woman. . . . Behold her through a stroke of the wand, seated in an immense gilded salon thronged with citizens and courtiers, and you may imagine what a powerful auxiliary she was to the sarcasms which were already showering upon her poor husband." His contempt for Talleyrand breaks out in the description of the festival of the Federation, July 14, 1790, when "this little bishop, a dis- solute and lame atheist and gambler, was the only person that could be found to say that famous high mass in the open air, and which the heavens seemed to take pleasure in drown- ing every five minutes by torrents of rain." Family's mother thought Lafayette a hero, but he called him a Gilles Cesar, in which, by the way, he agreed with Talleyrand's estimate. The chief historical interest of the memoirs belongs to the descriptions of social life before the Revolution, the coming of which Frenilly thought was foreshadowed by an abandonment of the good old customs. His account of the training of a boy for social duties is especially 180 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL clear, and includes an amusing interview with Voltaire. The reorganization of society during the Directory is also illustrated with curious details. It should be remarked that the trans- lator has been able to an unusual degree to pre- serve the liveliness of the original. M. Chuquet has added valuable biographical notes upon the many personages mentioned by Frenilly. Henkt E. Bourne. Recent Fiction.* A boy of New England extraction, whose father was one of the army of settlers who journeyed to Kansas that its soil might be dedicated to freedom, comes to our acquaintance in the opening pages of "A Certain Rich Man," by Mr. William Allen White, and remains the central figure of a narrative that covers more than half a century of his career. The father did not get beyond the Mississippi, for his life was the price of an abolitionist sermon he preached one day, but the mother and the child found their way, first to Lawrence, then to Sycamore Ridge. The boy grows up in the midst of the struggle for the salvation of the territory, and is eleven years old at the outbreak of the war. When the first volunteers march away from Sycamore Ridge, he contrives to go with them as a stowaway, and is not discovered and sent back until he has become mixed up in a skirmish, and received a •A Certain Rich Maw. By William Allen White. New York: The Macmillan Co. The Woman in Question. By John Reed Scott. Phila- delphia: The J. B. Lippinoott Co. In the Wake of the Green Banneb. By Eugene Paul Metour. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. The Plotting of Fbanoes Wake. By James Locke. New York: Moffat, Yard t , r. >. The lives of the world's greatest men Robert Fulton , , . . and Mi Hudton are commonly enveloped in a mist of river iteamboat. faye anthat psychology and advertising advertising. had very much in common; but now it is asserted by expert advertisers that much of their success is due to their knowledge of psychologic laws. This, we take it, is another way of stating that they must understand human nature and study the work- ings of the average human mind; and in that sense it is quite true. This is preeminently the adver- tising age; and books on the subject are rapidly accumulating. In "The Art and Science of Adver- tising," by Mr. George French, bearing the imprint of French, Sherman & Co. of Boston, those interested will find an expert treatment of the subject from the pen of one practically familiar with the printing and advertising arts. That Mr. French by no means underrates the importance of his subject is evident from the outset. "We know," he affirms, "that it [i.e. advertising] offers the most exalted opportunity, the widest and most fertile field for human endeavor. We know that the advertiser is one of the greatest of popular educators, and one of the chief promoters of human happiness, as well as the greatest of busi- ness builders." Later he says: "It is easier to write an article for the Century Magazine than it is to write a fifty-word advertisement as it should be written." One almost expects him to assert, in his 186 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL enthusiasm, that it is easier to he a great poet than a successful advertisement-writer; that Lawson is greater than Longfellow. . The book's many re- productions of meritorious advertising designs are attractive and striking, but the author's repeated assertions of the vital elements in good advertising become somewhat wearisome. His style, like an effective advertisement, should be concise—although there are advertisers who rely on everlasting repeti- tion to sell their goods. The book represents much practical experience as well as study of its subject, and contains many helpful hints and suggestions for workers in this busy field of modern commercial life. A pay pageant Biography, like history, may be writ- of English scenes ten anew for each succeeding age and character!. an(j ga;n a fre8nnegs reality and meaning not to be found in the earlier records. This is well illustrated by Mr. Frank Frankfort Moore's volume of biographical studies entitled "A Georgian Pageant" (Dutton), and dealing with certain nota- bilities of the reign of George the Third. No less an authority than the late Professor J. Churton Collins stands sponsor to the book; or, more exactly, its chapters are the outgrowth of certain conversa- tions with and encouraging words from that eminent scholar. It seems to have been largely to rectify sundry Boswellian perversions of truth that the writing of the book was undertaken. Especially zealous is the author in defending his illustrious fellow-countryman, Oliver Goldsmith, against Bos- well's charges of absurd vanity and petty jealousy and general inferiority. One is glad to believe with Mr. Moore that Goldsmith's humor was beyond the range of Boswell's comprehension, and that thus it was the Scotchman and not the Irishman who played the fool. Bui when we are further asked to believe that the so-called bull, a familiar Hibernicism, is in reality wit disguised as stupidity for the mystification of the slow-witted, we become incredulous. The incidents related in these agreeable chapters are set forth with the alluring art of which Mr. Moore, as a novelist, is so accomplished a master. Even where he is not convincing he is suggestive and original. The book is excellent reading and well illustrated. Recollection, of Almost a quarter of a century ago sixty yean of the two volumes of pleasing and success- Enaiuhetaoe. recollections, theatrical and mis- cellaneous, entitled "On and Off the Stage," came from the pens of Mr. and Mrs. Squire Bancroft (now Sir Squire and Lady Bancroft). Although the work ran through seven editions, it has been allowed to go out of print. Therefore a re-telling of their story, with additions to bring the whole up to date, is wel- come. "The Bancrofts: Recollections of Sixty Tears " (Dutton) comprises in one substantial octavo volume the cream of the older work, and about the same quantity of equally rich skimming from the years since its publication. As managers of the old Prince of Wales's Theatre in London, and afterward of the Haymarket, as stanch supporters of the standard English drama, and as the first to dispense with the not too reputable "pit" and to devote the entire programme to a single play, these gifted and enterprising actor-managers, now resting on their laurels, have deserved well of the theatre-going public. Among other memorable matters, the book describes the turbulent dissatisfaction of the ground- lings when they found, on the opening of the re- modelled Haymarket, that their peculiar domain had been appropriated to the uses of a higher class of patrons. Of famous contemporary actors and actresses, and other persons of note, the writers have many an agreeable or amusing story to tell. For liveliness and variety, the book is one of the best of its kind. It is fully illustrated and indexed, and is well printed. Way of life in Francis Grierson, perhaps better the middle Wett known in the world of music than in fifty year, ago. tne worid 0f letters, has written out some of his boyhood memories of prairie life in Illinois, of his first sight of the Mississippi at Alton, and of his later and longer sojourn in St. Louis — all in the eventful years from 1858 to 1863. '"The Valley of Shadows" (Houghton) is the rather puz- zling title of the book, which is happily less gloomy and forbidding in its varied contents than in its name. Some of its quaint characters—as the silent Kezia Jordan, the rustic philosopher "Socrates," and Elihu Gest the " load-bearer"—are" well drawn and move across the scene with a very human gait Others are less substantially real, and the veil of imagination and weird romance thrown over them is never lifted. Despite the frequent conversations reported in detail, and other minute particulars, the reader is seldom gripped by a sense of startling reality, but sees all things through the subduing medium of a softly-tinted haze. That is the writer's art, however, and not to be quarrelled with. A chapter on Abraham Lincoln gives merely an ac- count, and not an unmistakably first-hand account of the closing bout in the great Lincoln-Douglas debate of 1858, when the writer was but ten years old and probably not awake to the significance of the occasion. The book is attractively printed, and its short chapters have an inviting appearance. The fact of Mr. Grierson's foreign birth and rather cos- mopolitan course of life gives to these impressions of his a certain peculiar value and interest An aid to the Both the college student of political understanding of science and the general reader who our government, desires to understand the actual work- ings of our government will find much that is useful in Professor Paul S. Reinsh's " Readings on Amer- ican Federal Government" (Ginn & Co.). It is a large volume of 850 pages, with a brief index and an analytical table of contents. In sixteen chapters about 125 selections are given on such subjects as the Executive, the Treaty-Making Power, the Senate, Conference Committees, the Organization and Roles of the House of Representatives, Financial Legis- 1909.] 187 THE DIAL lation, the Departments, Legislative and Adminis- trative Problems, the Army and Navy, the Foreign Service, the Civil Service, the Courts, and Central- ization and Changes in the Constitution. As the editor says, "the materials contained in this book are selected almost without exception from the spoken or written work of men actually engaged in the business of government — presidents, legislators, administrative officials and judges." The collection is confined to very recent material, little of it dating further back than 1895. This method of selection makes the book more valuable as a help to the under- standing of actual governmental conditions of to-day. Professor Reinsh's volume contains much useful information that can be found in no formal descrip- tion of the American government, and will prove most useful as an aid to an understanding of its rather complex operations. The world"i Fortress, palace, and prison, the moit/amout Tower of London has gathered about fortra: itself more memories, darkly tragic and tragically romantic, than any structure reared by the hand of man. In a lavishly illustrated vol- ume entitled "The Tower of London" (Jacobs), Mr. Charles 6. Harper, who already has to his credit more than a score of books of historic and antiquarian interest, tells the story of this monument of kingly power and magnificence and cruelty and weakness. An introduction, giving a brief history of the building as a whole, is followed by chapters that present in detail a full account and description of its several parts, with abundant reference to noted prisoners once lodged within its walls, and to the famous crimes and conspiracies and rebellions that furnished occupants for its cells and dungeons. Some of the horrors of old-time torture and execu- tion are also revealed, while two chapters reproduce many elaborate stone-carvings to show how the weary captives sometimes beguiled the long hours by perpetuating their tragic memory or the memory of those dear to them. Recent removal of certain restrictions has opened the Tower more extensively and freely to visitors than ever before, and this latest guide-book to its many points of historic interest is timely and valuable. The evident care and study that have gone to its making place it on a high level among books of its class. Notes. Three new volumes in " Harper's Library of Living Thought" are the following: "Christianity and Islam," by Dr. C. H. Becker; "The Origin of the New Testa- ment," by Dr. William Wrede; and "Jesus or Paul?" by Dr. Arnold Meyer. The following new volumes are added to "Crowell's Modern Language Series ": "Dornrbschen," a playlet by Miss Emma Fisher; "One Thousand Common French Words," selected by Mr. R. de Blanchaud; and "Exer- cises in French Conversation and Composition," by Mr. Gustav Hein. A descriptive account, copiously illustrated, of the "Wild Flowers and Trees of Colorado," by Professor Francis Ramaley, is published at Boulder, Colorado, by Mr. A. A. Greenman. Messrs. P. Blak is ton's Son & Co. have published a second revised edition of "A Text-Book of Physics," edited by Mr. A. Wilmer Duff. Each of the seven sec- tions of this thoroughly modern treatise is the work of separate specialists, the editor's contribution being the section upon mechanics and the properties of matter. The splendid work in the investigation of tropical diseases that has been carried on for several years in the Wellcome Research Laboratories, as a part of the work of the Gordon Memorial College at Khartoum, is freshly called to our notice by the third Report of that institution, now at hand. This handsome quarto of nearly five hundred pages, with hundreds of illustra- tions, many of them colored plates, is a monument to an enterprise of the highest import to human welfare, of interest not only to physicians, but to biologists, folk- lorists, and anthropologists as well. The Togo Publish- ing Co., New York, are the American agents for this and the preceding reports. The death of a biographer of English royalty comes to our notice in the recent decease of Sir Theodore Martin, who was born in Edinburgh ninety-three years ago. A lawyer by profession, but in his later life more occupied with literature, he produced an elaborate "Life of the Prince Consort" that won him a knighthood and also the warm regard of his Queen, whom he made the subject of a reminiscent volume entitled "Queen Victoria as I Knew Her," issued only last year. His essays in poetry and poetical translation, in literary criticism, and in other departments of letters, as well as his various activities of a different sort, have made him long a familiar figure in London life. Several new text-books of literature are ready for the school year now opening. "A Primer of American Literature (Heath), by Miss Abby Willis Howas, is a simple affair, a companion to the author's similar manual of English literature. A much more elaborate work, and one especially notable for the variety and interest of its illustrations, is the " English Literature " (Ginn) of Dr. William J. Long. Dr. Long's definition of a text-book is good: "A storehouse, in which one finds what he wants, and some good things beside." There is an unexpected freshness in his treatment, and his book is effectively planned. Bibliographical notes are appended to the several chapters, and provide many helpful hints. The appearance in England of a new and definitive edition of the works of Henry Seton Merriman will draw renewed attention to the writings of the brilliant author whose shrouded personality still remains un- veiled. The preface to the first volume, just issued by Messrs. Smith, Elder & Co., respects faithfully the deceased novelist's wish to speak to the public only in his books and under his pen-name. Not even the dates of birth and death are given, although it is now no secret that he was born about 1860, and was therefore in his early forties when he died in 1903. His real name too, Hugh Stowell Scott, is known to many. The first four of his published novels, and also the later, "Dross," are not to be included in this edition, being regarded by their author as of inferior quality; but these are obtainable, or accessible, in America. "The Slave of the Lamp" opens the series as repub- lished, and will be followed by a dozen (a baker's dozen, it appears) of the subsequent stories. 188 [Sept. 16, THE DIAJ, Announcement Ijist of Fall, Books. The classified list given below as the prospective output for the coming Fall and Winter season con- tains about 1400 titles, representing over forty lead- ing American publishing houses. These announce- ment lists, carefully prepared from the earliest and most authentic sources especially for our pages, have for many years been a special feature of The Dial; and their usefulness and interest, to both the book trade and the book public, have long been recognized. They not only show at a glance what books are com- ing out in any department of literature, but form a complete summary of the principal publishing activ- ities of the year. All the books entered are new books — new editions not being included unless hav- ing new form or matter. Some of the more inter- esting features among these announcements are commented upon in the leading editorial in this number of The Dial. Considerations of space make it necessary to carry over to our next issue the categories of "Education" and "Books for the Young." BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIBS. The Autobiography of Henry M. Stanley, edited by Lady Stanley, illus., $6. net.—The Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, by Walter Sichel, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.—Diplomatic Memoirs, by John W. Fos- ter, 2 vols., illus., $6. net.—Recollections of Wash- ington Gladden, $2. net.—Life, Letters, and Jour- nals of George Ticknor, new illustrated edition, with introduction by Ferris Greenslet, 2 vols., $5.— The Life of Alice Freeman Palmer, by George H. Palmer, new illustrated edition, $1.50 net.—The Girlhood of Queen Elizabeth, told in contemporary letters, edited by Frank A. Muinby, illus., $3 net.—Fifty Years in Constantinople, and Recollec- tions of Robert College, by George Washburn, illus., $2.50 net.—Oliver Wendell Holmes, the Autocrat and his fellow boarders, by Samuel M. Crothers, 75 cts.—The Life of James Dwight Whitney, by Ed- win T. Brewster, illus. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Diary of James K. Polk, reprint of the original MS., 3 vols., with frontispieces, $15. net.—Some- thing of Men I Have Known, by Adlai E. Steven- son, illus., $2.75 net.—Stephen A. Douglas, an his- torical study of his life, public services, patriotism, and speeches, by Clark E. Carr, illus., $1.75 net.— Cyrus Hall McCormick, his life and work, by Her- bert N. C.isson, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.50 net.—The Lincoln Centenary, illus., $1.75 net.—The Story of Ihlihc Brock, by Walter R. Nursey, illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net. (A. C. MeClurg & Co.) Life and Art of Richard Mansfield, by William Win- ter, illus., $5. net.—The Life of Mirabeau, by S. G. Tallentyre, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3. net (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Life of Joan of Arc, by Anatole France, trans, by Winifred Stephens, 2 vols., illus., $8. net.— George Bernard Shaw, a biography, by Gilbert Ches- terton, illus., $1.50 net.—Giovanni Boccaccio, his life, his love, his work, by Edward Hutton, illus., $5. net.—The Last Journals of Horace Walpole, edited by A. Francis Stewart, 2 vols., with por- traits and engravings, $7.50 net.—Dr. Johnson and Mrs. Thrale, by A. M. Broadley, illus. in color, photogravure, etc., $4. net.—Wit, Beaux and Beau- ties of the Georgian Era, by John Fyrie, illus., $4. net.—The Life of Franeoise d'Aubigne, Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, by C. C. Dyson, illus.—Life of W. J. Fox, Public Teacher and Social Reformer, 1786-1864, by Richard Edward Garnett.—New Li- brary of Music, first vols.: Hugo Wolf, by Ernest Newman; Handel, by R. A. Streatfeild; each illus., $2.50 net. (John Lane Co.) Mr. Pope, a chronicle of his life and work, by George Paston, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc.—Life of John Sebastian Bach, by Sir Hubert Parry, with portrait, $3. net.—Dean Swift, the 18th century Don Quixote, by Sophie Shilleto Smith, illus.—Louis Na- poleon and the Napoleonic Legend, by F. A. Simp- son, illus.—Sir Philip Sidney, by Percy Addlesbaw, illus.—The Last King of Poland, and his contempo- raries, by R. Nisbet Bain, illus., $3. net.—-Heroes of the Nations, new vol.: Fernando Cortes, and his conquest of Mexico, 1485-1547, by Francis Augustas MacNutt, illus., $1.35 net.—Nine Days Queen, the story of Lady Jane Grey, by Richard Davey, illus.— Life and Letters of Susan Warner, edited by Anna B. Warner, illus.—Fifty Years in Camp and Field, diary of Ethan Allen Hitchcock, edited by W. A Croffut, with introduction by William T. Harris.— Madame, Mother of the Regent, by Arvede Barine, illus., $3 net.—Life of Thomas Paine, by Moncure Daniel Conway, new and cheaper edition, 2 vols, in one, with portraits. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Intimate Recollections of Joseph Jefferson, by Eu genie Paul Jefferson, illus. from photographs, $3.50 net.—The Empress Josephine, by Philip W. Sergeant, 2 vols., illus., $6.50 net.—The Life of an Empress, Eugenie de Montijo, by Frederic Loliee, illus., $4. net.—The Romance of a Friar and a Nun, the romance of Fra Filippo Lippi, by A. J. Ander- son, illus. from paintings by Fra Lippo Lippi, $2.50 net.—Memoirs of an American Lady, by Mrs. Anne Grant, new and cheaper edition, $2.50 net.—Thack- eray in the United States, by James Grant Wilson, new and cheaper edition, illus., $3.50 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) i. Rose of Savoy, Marie Adelaide of Savoy, Duchesse de Bourgoyne, Mother of Louis XV., by H. Noel Williams, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3.50 net.— Recollections of a Long Life, by Lord Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, edited by Lady Dorchester, 2 vols., illus., $6. net.—The First George in Hanover and England, by Lewis Melville, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net.—Chateaubriand and his Court of Women, by Francis Gribble, illus., $3.75 net.—Famous Women of Florence, by Edgcumbe Staley, illus., $3.50 net.—Pepys, by Percy Lubbock, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, illus. in photo- gravure, etc., $1. net.—Memoirs of the Duchess of Dino, edited by Princess Radziwill, 2 vols., $2.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Retrospections of an Active Life, by Hon. John Bige- low, 3 vols., illus., per set, $12. net.—The Lady Nurse of Ward E., by Mrs. Charles H. Stearns, illus., $1.20 net. (Baker & Taylor Co.) A Memoir of the Right Hon. William Edward Hart- 1909.] 189 THE DIAL pole Lecky, by his wife, with portraits.—Ten Great and Good Men, lectures by Henry Montagu Butler, $2.—The Life and Times of Bishop Challoner, 1691-1781, by Edwin H. Burton, 2 vols. (Long- mans, Green, & Co.) The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy, and the history of Christian Science, by Georgine Milmine, $2. net. —Melba, by Agnes C. Murphy, illus., $2.75 net.— Marie Antoinette, by Hilai're Belloc, $2.75 net.— Wendell Phillips, by Lorenzo Sears, with frontis- piece, $1.50 net.—Upbuilders, by J. Lincoln Stef- fens, $1.20 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Eichard Jefferies, his life and work, by Edward Thomas, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3. net.—Na- poleon's Marshals, by R. P. Dunn-Pattison, illus., $3. net. (Little, Brown, & Co.) A Lady of the Old Regime, by Ernest F. Henderson, illus., $2.50 net.—My Day, reminiscences of a long life, by Mrs. Roger A. Pryor, $2. net.—The Life of Lord Kelvin, by Silvanus P. Thompson, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc. (Macmillan Co.) Recollections of Grover Cleveland, by George F. Par- ker, with frontispiece in photogravure and illustra- tions from photographs, $3. net. (Century Co.) An Admiral's Log, by Rear-Admiral Robley D. Evans, illus., $2. net.—Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, by Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew C. P. Haggard, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net.—The Con- fidantes of a King, the Mistresses of Louis XV, by Edmond de Goncourt, trans, by Ernest Dawson, 2 vols., with portraits in photogravure, $4. net.— Louis Renee de Keronalle, Duchess of Portsmouth, by Mrs. Colquhoun Grant, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net.—Francis Joseph and his Times, by the Right Hon. Sir Horace Rumbold, illus., $4. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) King's Favorite, the love story of Robert Carr and Lady Essex, by Philip Gibbs, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net.—Enchanters of Men, twenty-four studies of fascinating women, by Ethel Colburn Mayne, illus., $3.50 net.—The American Crisis Biographies, edited by Ellis Paxson Oberholtzcr, new vols.: Charles Sumner, by George H. Haynes; Henry Clay, by Thomas H. Clay; each with por- trait, $1.25 net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Life of the Honorable Mrs. Norton, by Jane Grey Perkins, with portraits, $2.50 net.—My Life in China and America, by Yung Wing, $2 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) Charles Dickens and his Friends, by W. Teignmouth Shore, illus., $1.75 net. (Cassell & Co.) Fifteen Years of My Life, by Loie Fuller, $1.50 net. (Small, Maynard & Co.) Corot and His Friends, by Everard Meynell, illus., $3.25 net. (A. Wessels.) The Life of Paul Verlaine, by E. Lepelletier, illus., $3.50 net. (Duffield & Co.) From My Youth Up, an autobiography, by Margaret E. Sangster, illus., $1.50 net.—A Memorial of Alice Jackson, by Robert E. Speer, with portraits, 75 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) Karl Marx, his life and work, $2.50 net. (B. W. Huebsch.) Henry Hudson, by Thomas A. Janvier, illus., 75 cts. net. (Harper & Brothers.) HISTORY. The German Element in the United States, by Albert Bernhardt Faust, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.—The Amer- ican People, by A. Maurice Low, $2.25 net.—The Expansion of New England, a study of the spread of New England settlements and institutions, by Lois K. Mathews, $2.50 net.—The Last Days of Papal Rome, 1850-1870, by R. De Cesare, trans, by Helen Zimmern, with introduction by G. M. Trevel- yan, illus., $3.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Birth of Modern Italy, posthumous papers of Jessie White Mario, edited by the Duke-Visconti- Arese, with frontispiece in photogravure, $3.50 net. —Narratives of New Netherland, edited by Dr. J. F. Jameson, illus., $3. net.—Society and Politics in Ancient Rome, essays and sketches, by Frank F. Abbott, $1.25 net.—The Return of the Bourbons, by Gilbert Stenger, trans, by Mrs. Rudolph Stawell. illus., $3. net.—The Guilds and Companies of Lon- don, by George Unwin, illus., $2. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Great French Revolution, by Prince Kropotkin, $1.75 net.—A History of Mediaeval Political Theory in the West, by R. W. Carlyle and A. J.- Carlyle, Vol. IL, The Political Theory of the Roman Law- yers and Canonists in the Middle Ages up to 1250, $3.50 net.—Contemporary France, by Gabriel Hano- taux, Vol. IV., France in 1877-1882, completing the work, $3.75 net.—The Biographical Story of the Constitution, by Edward G. Elliott.—The Writings of James Madison, edited by Gaillard Hunt, Vol. IX., completing the set, $5. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Virginia's Attitude toward Slavery and Secession Defined, by Beverley B. Mumford.—Garibaldi and the Thousand, by George Macaulay Trevelyan, illus. —The Last Years of the Protectorate, by C. H. Firth.—A History of Malta, during the period of the French and British occupation, 1798-1815, by William Hardman, edited by J. Holland Rose, illus. by documents.—Historical Letters and Memoirs of Scottish Catholics, 1625-1793, by Rev. W. Forbes Leith, 2 vols., illus.—The Electress Sophia and the Hanoverian Succession, by Adolphus William Ward, new edition. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Documentary History of American Industrial Society, by John R. Commons and others, to be complete in 10 vols., Vols. I. and II., Plantation and Frontier; Vols. III. and IV., Labor Conspiracy Cases, 1806- 1842; illus. with portraits, facsimiles, etc., per set, $50 net. (Arthur H. Clark Co.) Men and Manners of Old Florence, by Dr. Guido Biagi, illus., $3.50 net.—The Conquest of the Mis- souri, by Joseph Mills Hanson, illus., $2 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) Robert Fulton and the Clermont, the authoritative story of Robert Fulton's early experiments and his- toric achievements, containing many hitherto un- published letters, drawings, and pictures, by Alice Crany Sutcliffe, $1.20 net. (Century Co.) Dutch New York, manners and customs of New Amsterdam in the seventeenth century, by Esther Singleton, illus., $3.50 net.—Ireland, the people's history of Ireland, by John F. Finerty, new edition in 2 vols., $2.50 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) 190 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. The Cambridge Modern History, edited by A. W. Ward, Vol. VI., The Eighteenth Century, $4 net.— The Roman Assemblies, by George W. Botsford.— Historical Essays, by James Ford Rhodes.—Stories from American History, new vol.: Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road, by H. Addington Bruce, illus., $1.50 net.—The Last American Frontier, by Frederic L. Paxson, illus. (Macmillan Co.) The Court Series of French Memoirs, edited by E. Jules Meras, first vols.: The Royal Family in the Temple Prison, journal of its confinement by Clery; Recollections of Leonard, hairdresser to Queen Marie-Antoinette; each illus., $1.50 net.—West Point and the U. S. Military Academy, by Edward S. Holden, illus., $2 net.—Stories from Old Chronicles, edited by Kate Stephens, illus., $1.50. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The Secret History of the Court of Spain, 1802-1906, by Rachel Challice, illus., $4 net.—The Buried City of Kenfig, by Thomaa Gray, illus., $3.50 net.—A History of the People of the United States, by John Bach McMaster, Vol. VII., illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net.—A History of Jamaica, from its dis- covery by Christopher Columbus, to the year 1872, by W. T. Gardner, $2.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) Memorials of St. Paul's Cathedral, by Archdeacon Sinclair, illus. in color, etc., $4 net.—A History of Germany, 1715-1815, by C. T. Atkinson, illus., $4 net.—The Tower of London, fortress, palace, and prison, by Charles G. Harper, illus., $2.50 net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, by Hous- ton Stewart Chamberlain, trans, by John Lees, with introduction by Lord Redesdale, 2 vols., $8 net.— The Days of the Directoire, by Alfred Allinson, illus., $5 net. (John Lane Co.) Manors of Virginia in Colonial Times, by Edith Tunis Sale, illus. and decorated, $5 net.—The Exile of St. Helena, by Philippe Gounard, illus., $3.50 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) Kentucky in the Nation's History, by Robert McNutt McElroy, illus., $5 net.—Women in the Making of America, by H. Addington Bruce, illus., $1.50 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) A Political History of the State of New York, Vol. III., 1862-1884, $2.50 net—The Elizabethan People, by Henry Thew Stephenson, illus., $2 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) Leeds and its Neighborhood, an illustration of English History, by A. C. Price.—Cults of the Greek States, Vol. V., by L. R. Farnell—A Short History of Eng- lish Agriculture, by W. H. R. Curtler. (Oxford University Press.) The Story of the Negro, by Booker T. Washington, illus., $1.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) GENERAL LITERATURE. Emerson's Journals, now published for the first time, edited by Edward W. Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes, two volumes, covering the years 1820-1829, will be ready in the fall, with portraits, each $1.75 net.—Speeches and Addresses, 1884-1909, by Henry Cabot Lodge, $2. net.—Carlylc's Laugh, and other personal sketches, by Thomas Wentworth Higgin- son, $2. net.—Lincoln the Leader, and other papers, by Richard Watson Gilder, $1 net.—The Autobi- ography, by Anna Robeson Burr, $2. net.—Why American Marriages Fail, by Anna A. Rogers, $1.25 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) Home Letters of General Sherman, edited by M. A De Wolfe Howe, $2. net.—The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley, collected and edited by Roger Ingpen, 2 vols., illus., $5. net.—The American of the Future, and other essays, by Brander Matthews, $1.25 net.—American Prose Masters, by W. C. Brownell, $1.50 net.—The Mystery of Education and Other Academic Performances, by Barrett Wendell, $1.25 net.—The French Renaissance in England, by Sidney Lee. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Spirit of America, by Henry van Dyke, $1.50 net. —The Wayfarer in New York, an anthology, with introduction by Edward S. Martin, $1.25 net- Essays on Modern Novelists, by William Lyon Phelps.—Oxford Lectures on Poetry, by A. C. Brad- ley.—Some Friends of Mine, an anthology, by E. V. Lucas.—One Day and Another, by E. V. Lucas. (Macmillan Co.) The Cambridge History of English Literature, edited by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller, Vol. IV., From Sir Thomas North to Michael Drayton, $2.50 net.— A Literary History of the English People, by J. J. Jusserand, Vol. III., From the Renaissance to the Civil War, Part II., with frontispiece in photo- gravure, $3.50 net.—English Literature in the Nine- teenth Century, an essay in criticism, by Laurie Magnus, $2. net.—De Profundis, by Oscar Wilde, second edition, with additional matter, edited with an introduction by Robert Ross, with portrait, $1.25 net.—What Have the Greeks Done for Civilization, the Lowell Lectures of 1908-9, by John P. Mahaffy, $2.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) A Vision of Love Revealed in Sleep, by Simeon Solo- mon, $3. net.—Shelley, an essay, by Francis Thomp- son, $1. net.—The Ideal Series, new vols.: Poems in Prose, from Charles Baudelaire, trans, by Arthur Symons; A Little Book for John O'Mahony's Friends, by Katherine Tynan; each 50 cts. net.— The Vest Pocket Series, new vols.: The Child in the House, by Walter Pater; The Lost Joy and Other Dreams, by Olive Schreiner; each, paper, 25 cts., limp cloth, 50 cts. net. (Thomas B. Mosher.) Laurus Nobilis, essays on art and life, by Vernon Lee, $1.50 net.—Renaissance Fancies and Studies, by Vernon Lee, new edition, $1.50.—The Countess of Albany, by Vernon Lee, new edition, $1.50 net.— Works by Anatole France, complete limited edition in English, edited by Frederic Chapman, new vols.: The White Stone; Penquin Island; each $2. (John Lane Co.) Tremendous Trifles, by Gilbert K. Chesterton, $1.20 net.—A Snuff Box Full of Trees, and some apoc- ryphal essavs, by W. D. Ellwanger, $2. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Spelling Reform, by Thomas R. Lounsbury, $1.50 net. —The Human Way, by Louise Collier Willcox. $1.25 net.—The Reader's Library, edited by C. W. and W. J. Dawson, Vol. III., The Great English Essayists, $1. net. (Harper & Brothers.) 1909.] 191 THE DIAL Masters of the English Novel, by Richard Burton, $1.50 net.—Hellas and Hesperia, three lectures on the vitality of Greek studies in America, by Basil L. Gildersleeve, $1. net. (Henry Holt & Co.) Shakespeare Allusion Book, edited by J. J. Munro, 2 vols., $7. net.—The Literary History of the Adelphi and its Neighborhood, by Austin Brereton, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3.50 net.—The New Medieval Library, new vols.: The Cell of Self- Knowledge, seven early English mystical treatises, edited by Edmund G. Gardner, $2. net; Ancient English Christmas Carols, 1400-1700, collected and illus. by Edith Bickert, double vol., $3.25 net.— Works of Fiona Macleod, collected edition, 7 vols., each $1.50 net. (Duffield & Co.) The Poetry of Jesus, by Edwin Markham, $1.20 net. —As Old as the Moon, Cuban legends and folklore of the Antilles, by Mrs. Florence J. Stoddard, $1. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) A Treasury of English Literature, compiled by Kate M. Warren, with introduction by Stopford Brooke, $2. net.—Salt and Sincerity, by Arthur L. Humphreys, $1. net.—Reflections of a Bachelor Girl, by Helen Rowland, decorated, 75 cts. (Dodge Publishing Co.) The Sayings of Confucius, trans, by Leonard A. Lyall. —Essays, by Father Ignatius Ryder, edited by Rev. F. Bacchus.—The Art of Living, addresses to girls, by Louise Creighton. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Quiet Talks on Home Ideals, by S. D. Gordon, 75 cts. net.—The Crown of Individuality, by William George Jordan, decorated in colors, $1. net.—The Friendly Life, by Henry F. Cope, 35 cts. net.—The Fighting Saint, by James Madison Stiller, 75 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) The Young Man's Affairs, by Charles R. Brown, $1. net.—The Journal of a Recluse, trans, from the French, $1.25 net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) Robert Louis Stevenson, a familiar study, by Clayton Hamilton, with portraits, $2. net. (Baker & Tay- lor Co.) A History of French Literature, by Annie Lemp Konta, $2.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) Modern French Literature, by Benjamin W. Wells, new revised and enlarged edition, $1. net. (Little, Brown & Co.) A First Sketch of English Literature, by Henry Morley, new and revised edition, $2.25.—The Library of English Literature, by Henry Morley, new edition with supplement to each vol. bringing the work up to date, 5 vols., each $2.50 net. (Cas- sell & Co.) A Mother's List of Books for Children, by Gertrude Weld Arnold, $1. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) The Vision of New Clairvaux, by Edward Pearson Pressey, $1.25 net. (Sherman, French & Co.) The Prince of Peace, by Hon. William Jennings Bryan, 35 cts. (Reilly & Britton Co.) The Wit and Humor Series, new vol.: Wit and Humor of the Stage, with frontispiece, 50 cts. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Lincoln's Legacy of Inspiration to Americans, by Frederick Trevor Hill, with frontispiece. 50 cts. net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) DBAKA AND POETRY. The Melting Pot, by Israel Zangwill, $1.25 net—The Great Divide, by William Vaughn Moody, $1.25 net. —Ticonderoga and Other Poems, by Percy Mac- kaye, $1.25 net.—Golden Treasury of American Songs and Lyrics, edited by Curtis Hidden Page.— The Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics, edited by F. T. Palgrave, new edition, 2 vols, in one, $1. net. (Macmillan Co.) Roses, four one-act plays by Hermann Sudermann, trans, by Mrs. Tenney Frank, $1.25 net.—The White Bees, and other poems, by Henry van Dyke, $1.25 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Land of Heart's Desire, by William Butler Yeats, $1.50 net.—A Wayside Lute, by Lizette Woodworth Reese, $1.50 net.—The Old World Series, new vols.: Silhouettes, a book of songs, by Arthur Symons; Felice, a book of lyrics, by A. C. Swinburne; each $1. net.—Mimma Bella, in memory of a little life, by Eugene Lee-Hamilton, 75 cts. net.—Rabbi Ben Ezra, by Robert Browning, paper, 40 cts. net; boards, 60 cts. net.—Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity, by John Milton, paper, 40 cts. net; boards, 60 cts. net.—The Lyric Garland, new vols.: A Branch of May, by Lizette Woodworth Reese; Rhymes and Rhythms and Arabian Nights Enter- tainments, by William Ernest Henley; Proverbs in Porcelain and Other Poems, by Austin Dobson; each 50 cts. net. (Thomas B. Mosher.) Poems, by William Winter, author's edition, witli frontispiece, $2. net.—Songs of Democracy, by Charles Edward Russell, $1.25 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) Dido, Queen of Carthage, by Stephen Phillips, $1.25 net.—New Poems, by Richard Le Gallienne, $1.50. —Between Time Poems, by Oliver Davies, $1.2.") net.—A Vision of Life, by Darrell Figgis, with in- troduction by Gilbert K. Chesterton, $1.25 net. (John Lane Co.) The Passion Play of Oberammergau, by Montrose J. Moses, illus. from photographs, $1. net.—American History by American Poets, edited by Nellie Urner Wallington, Vols. I. to VI., each $1.20 net.—The Vicar of Wakefield, a play, by Marguerite Mering- ton, new edition, with frontispiece in color, $1.25.— Songs and Poems, by Fiona Macleod, $1.50 net.— Mimma Bella, by Eugene Lee-Hamilton, $1.25.— Deportmental Ditties, by Harry Graham, illus., $1. (Duffield & Co.) The Poems of Winthrop M. Praed, with introduction by Ferris Greenslet.—Happy Endings, by Louise Imogen Guiney.—Harmonies, by Mark A. De W. Howe.—The Piper, by Josephine Preston Peabody, $1.10 net.—A 'troop of the Guard, and other poems, by Hermann Hagerdorn, $1.25.-—Lyrics of Life, by Florence Earle Coates. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) Songs of the Beloved, by Edith Hall Orthwein, $1.50. —A Year Book of Southern Poets, compiled by Harriet P. Lynch, $1.25.—Little Songs for Two, by Edmund Vance Cooke, decorated, $1 net.—Sonnets of a Chorus Girl, by S. E. Kiser, illus., 50 cts. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.) From the Book of Life, by Richard Burton, $1.25 net. —A Round of Rimes, by Denis A. McCarthy, second edition, revised and enlarged, $1 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) 192 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUXCEMENTLIST OF FALL BOOKS—corttinued. Drake, an English epic, by Alfred Noyes, illus., $1.50 net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) The Trial of Christ, by John Brayshaw Haye, $1 net. —The Prison Ships and other poems, by Thomas Walsh, $1 net. (Sherman, French & Co.) English Love Poems, Old and New, edited by Horatio Sheafe Kraus.—Yzdra, a tragedy in three acts, by Louis V. Ledoux.—Dante and Collected Verse, by George Lansing Raymond. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) David, by Cale Young Eice, decorated, $1.25 net. (Doubleday, x"age & Co.) The Giant and the Star, by Madison Cawein, $1 net. (Small, Maynard & Co.) Monday Morning, and other poems, by James Oppen- heim, $1.25 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) Poems, by Cyrus Elder, $1.25 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) FICTION. Ann Veronica, by H. G. Wells, illus., $1.50.—Julia Bride, by Henry James, illus., $1.25.—The Men of the Mountain, by S. B. Crockett, illus., $1.50.—The Image of Eve, by Margaret Sutton Briscoe, $1.50.— Northern Lights, by Sir Gilbert Parker, illus., $1.50. —-The Silver Horde, by Rex Beach, illus., $1.50.— Lost Borders, by Mary Austin, illus., $1.50.— Snow-Fire, by the author of "The Martyrdom of an Empress," illus. in color, $1.50 net.—The Win- ning Lady, by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, illus., $1.25.—The Ruinous Face, by Maurice Hewlett, illus., $1.—The God of Love, by Justin Huntly Mc- Carthy, illus., $1.50.—Jason, by Justus Miles For- man, illus., $1.50.—The Redemption of Kenneth Gait, by Will N. Harben, with frontispiece by Alice Barber Stephens, $1.50.—Options, by O. Henry, illus., $1.50.—Beasley's Christmas Party, by Booth Tarkington, $1.25.—Captain Stonnfieia's Visit to Heaven, by Mark Twain, with frontispiece, $1.— Trix and Over the Moon, by Amelie Rives, illus., $1. —Pa Flickinger's Folks, by Bessie R. Hoover, illus., $1.—The Moccasin Ranch, a story of Dakota, by Hamlin Garland, with frontispiece, $1.—The Invol- untary Chaperon, by Margaret Cameron, illus., $1.50. —The Real Thing, and three other farces, by John Kendrick Bangs, illus., $1.—Jonathan and David, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, illus., 50 cts. net. (Har- per & Brothers.) Actions and Reactions, by Rudyard Kipling, illus., $1.50.—The Master, by Irving Bacheller, $1.20 net. —Just for Two, by Mary Stewart Cutting, $1. net. —The Lords of High Decision, by Meredith Nichol- son, illus. by Arthur I. Keller, $1.50.—The Golden Season, by Myra Kelly, illus., $1.20 net.—The Marquis of Loveland, by C. N. and A. M. William- son, illus., $1.50.—The Lady of Big Shanty, by F. Berkeley Smith, with a foreword by F. Hopkinson Smith, $1.20 net.—Ezekiel, by Lucy Pratt, illus. by Frederick Dorr Steele, $1.—Putting on the Screws, by Gouverneur Morris, 50 cts. net.—Warrior, the Untamed, by Will Irwin, 50 cts.—Michael Thwaites's Wife, by Miriam Michelson, illus., $1.50. —The Southerner, an autobiographical tale of life in a Southern state since the Civil War, by Nicho- las Worth, $1.20 net—A Girl of the Limberlost, by Gene Stratton-Porter, illus. in color, $1.50.— Daphne in Fitzroy Street, by E. Nesbit, frontispiece in color, $1.20 net.—The Awakening of Zo.jus, by Miriam Michelson, illus., $1. net.—A Reaping, by E. F. Benson, $1.25 net.—Beyond the Boundary, by Josephine Daskam Bacon, illus., $1. net.—The Thin Santa Claus, by Ellis Parker Butler, illus., 50 cts.— The Fascinating Mrs. Halton, by E. F. Benson, illus., $1.20 net.—A Court of Inquiry, by Grace S. Richmond, illus., $1. net.—Little Maude and Her Mamma, by Charles Battell Loomis, illus., 50 cts.— The Big Strike at Siwash, by George Fitch, illus., 50 cts.—The Leopard and the Lily, by Marjorie Bowen, $1.20 net.—The Vanity Box, by Alice Stuy- vesant, illus., $1.20 net.—The Half Moon, by Ford Madox Hueffer, $1.35 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) A new novel, by Winston Churchill, illus., $1.50.— Stradella, by F. Marion Crawford, illus., $1.50.— A Life for a Life, by Robert Herrick, $1.50.—Mar- tin Eden, by Jack London, illus., $1.50.—Friendship Village Love Stories, by Zona Gale, $1.50.—A Gen- tle Knight of Old Brandenburg, by Charles Major, illus., $1.50.—Other People's Houses, by E. B. Dewing, $1.50.—The Human Cobweb, a story of old Peking, by B. L. Putnam Weale, $1.50. (Macmil- lan Co.) John Marvel, Assistant, by Thomas Nelson Page, illus. by James Montgomery Flagg, $1.50.—Open Country, a comedy with a sting, by Maurice Hew- lett, $1.50.—Forty Minutes Late, and other stories, by F. Hopkinson Smith, illus., $1.50.—A new vol- ume of stories, by Richard Harding Davis, illus.— Mr. Justice Raffles, by E. W. Hornung, $1.50.— True Tilda, by A. T. Quiller-Couch, $1.50.—Sea Breezes, by W. W. Jacobs, illus., $1.50.—A Ro- mance of the Nursery, by L. Allen Harker, new edition, with three new chapters, illus., $1.25. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Bella Donna, by Robert Hichens, $1.50.—Phoebe Deane, by Grace Livingston Hill Lutz, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.—The Clue, by Carolyn Wells, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—In Ambush, by Marie Van Vorst, $1.50.—The Man in the Tower, by Rob- ert S. Holland, illus. in color, etc., $1.50.— 'Neath Austral Skies, by Louis Beeke, $1.50.—Bronson of the Rabble, by Albert E. Hancock, with frontis- piece in color, $1.50.—The Key of the Unknown, by Rosa N. Carey, $1.50.—The Isle of Dead Ships, by Crittenden Marriott, illus., $1. net. (J. B. Lip- pincott Co.) My Lady of the South, by Randall Parrish, illus. in color by Alonzo Kimball, $1.50.—The Homestead- ers, by Kate and Virgil D. Boyles, illus. in color, $1.50—The Dominant Dollar, by Will Lillibridge, illus. in color, $1.50.—A Volunteer with Pike, by Robert Ames Bennett, illus. in color, $1.50.—A Castle of Dreams, by Netta Syrett, with frontis- piece, $1.25.—The Master of Life, by W. D. Light- fall, illus., $1.50.—The Woman and the Sword, by Rupert Lorraine, with frontispiece in color, 75 cts. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) The Severed Mantle, by William Lindsey, illus. in color by Arthur I. Keller, $1.35 net.—Warriors of Old Japan, and other stories, by Yei Ozaki, $1.25 net.—The Oath of Allegiance, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, illus., $1.25 net.—When She Came Home from College, by Marion K. Hurd and Jean B. Wil- son, illus., $1.15 net.—Old Harbor, by William J. Hopkins.—The Wares of Edgefield, by Eliza Orne White.—Farming It, by Henry A. Shute, illus. by Reginald Birch, $1.20. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) 1909.] 193 THE DIAL It Never Can Happen Again, by William DcMorgan. —Big John Baldwin, by Wilson Vance, $1.50.—Let- ters from G. G., anonymous, $1. net.—Melchesedec, by Ramsey Benson, $1.50.—The Demagog, by William B. Hereford, $1.50. (Henry Holt & Co.) Happy Hawkins, by Bobert Alexander Wason, illus., $1.50.—Trespass, by Mrs. Henry Dudeney, $1.25.— The Shadow between his Shoulder-Blades, by Joel Chandler Harris, illus., 90 cts. net.—Marie of Arcady, by F. Hewes Lancaster, with frontispiece by Bose Cecil O'Neill, $1.25.—Old Clinkers, a story of the New York fire department, by Harvey J. O'Higgins.—The Chronicles of Bhoda, by Florence Tinsley Cox, illus. in color by Jessie Willcox Smith, $1.25. (Small, Maynard & Co.) The Land of Long Ago, by Eliza Calvert Hall, illus., $1.50.—Jeanne of the Marshes, by E. Phillips Op- penheim, illus., $1.50.—Your Child and Mine, by Anne Warner, illus., $1.50.—Veronica Playfair, by Maud Wilder Goodwin, illus. in color, $1.50.— Priscilla of the Good Intent, by Halliwell Sutcliffe, $1.50.—The Castle by the Sea, by H. B. Marriott Watson, illus., $1.50. (Little, Brown & Co.) Little Sister Snow, by Frances Little, illus. in color, $1. net.—Aunt Amity's Silver Wedding, by Buth McEnery Stuart, illus., $1.—Zandrie, by Martin Edwards Richards, with frontispiece, $1.50.—An Unofficial Love Story, by W. Albert Hickman, illus., $1.—The Prodigal Father, by J. Storer Clousten. (Century Co.) The White Prophet, by Hall Caine, illus., $1.50—The Danger Mark, by Robert W. Chambers, illus. by A. B. Wenzell, $1.50—The Hungry Heart, by David Graham Phillips, $1.50.—Keziah Coffin, by Joseph C. Lincoln, illus., $1.50.—Through the Wall, by Cleveland Moffett, illus., $1.50.—The Star of Love, by Florence Morse Kingsley, illus. in color, $2.— Seymour Charlton, by W. B. Maxwell, $1.50—The End of the Road, by Stanley Portal Hyatt, $1.50.— The Deeper Stain, by Frank Hird, $1.50.—The Price of Lis Doris, by Maartcns Maartens, $1.50. (D. Appleton & Co.) Tne Florentine Frame, by Elizabeth Robins, $1.50.— A Pixy in Petticoats, by John Trevena, $1.50.—The Beggar in the Heart, by Edith Rickert, $1.50.—The Trimming of Goosie, by James Hopper, $1.10 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) On the Lightship, by Herman Knickerbocker Viele, $1.50 net.—Peter Homunculus, by Gilbert Cannan, $1.50.—Treasure Trove, by C. A. Dawson-Scott, $1.50.—Sir Guy and Lady Rannard, by H. N. Dick- inson, $1.50.—The Stolen Signet, by Sidney Fred- ericks, illus., $1.50.—The Black Sheep, by Joseph Sharts, illus., $1.50.—The Son of Mary Bethel, by Elsa Barker, $1.50. (Duffield & Co.) The Cash Intrigue, by George Randolph Chester, illus., $1.50.—The Goose Girl, by Harold MacGrath, illus., $1.50.—The Bill-Toppers, by Andre Castaigne, illus., $1.50.—The Diamond Master, by Jacques Futrelle, illus. by Clarence F. Underwood, $1.— Half a Chance, by Frederick S. Isham, illus., $1.50. —The Game and the Candle, by Eleanor M. Ingram, illus., $1.50.—Miss Selina Lue, and the soap-box babies, by Maria Thompson Davies, illus., $1.—Vir- ginia of the Air-Lanes, by Herbert Quick, illus., $1.50. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.) Old Rose and Silver, by Myrtle Reed, $1.50 net.—The Wiving of Lance Cleaverage, by Alice MacGowan, illus. in color, $1.35 net.—The Socialist, by Guy Thome, $1.35 net.—San Celestino, by John Ays- cough, $1.50.—Human Fate, by Querido, $1.50.— The Bright Fortune, by Mrs. Wilfrid Ward. (G. I P. Putnam's Sons.) Margarita's Soul, by Ingraham Lovell, illus. by J. Scott Williams, $1.50.—The Ball and the Cross, by Gilbert K. Chesterton, $1.50.—St. Francis of Assisi, by Ciro Alvi, trans, by J. M. Kennedy.—The Woman Who Woos, by Charles Marriott, $1.50.— Diana Dethroned, by W. M. Letts, $1.50.—A Re- former by Proxy, by John Parkinson, $1.50.—The Prince's Pranks, by Charles Lowe, $1.50.—Sixpenny . Pieces, by A. Neil Lyons, $1.50.—The Holy Mountain, $1.50.—The Odd Man, by Arnold Hol- combe, $1.50.—Candles in the Wind, by Maud Diver, $1.50.—Galahad Jones, by Arthur A. Adams, $1.50. (John Lane Co.) Masterman and Son, by W. J. Dawson, $1.20 net.— The Attic Guest, by Robert E. Knowles, $1.20 net. —Introducing Corinna, by Winifred Kirkland, $1. net.—The Quest of the Yellow Pearl, by P. C. Mac- farlane, 50 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) The Red Saint, by Warwick Deeping, with frontis- piece in color, $1.50.—Peggy the Daughter, by Kath- erine Tynan, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—The Lure of Eve, by Edith Mary Moore, with frontis- piece in color, $1.50.—A Daughter of the Storms, by Frank H. Shaw, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.— The Secret Paper, by Walter Wood, with frontis- piece in color, $1.50.—A House of Lies, by Sidney Warwick, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—The Shoulder Knot, by Mrs. Henry Dudeney, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—Blind Hopes, by Helen Wallace, with frontispiece in color, $1.50. (Cassell & Co.) Beechy, or The Lordship of Love, by Bettina Von Hutton, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—Cardil- lac, by Robert Barr, with frontispiece in color, $1.50.—The Greater Power, by Harold Bindloss, $1.30 net.—Lady Mechante, or Life as it Should be, by Gelett Burgess, illus., $1.50 net.—Lady Bar- bara's Fortune, by Baroness Orczy, $1.50.—The Veil, a romance of Tunis, by Ethel Stefana Stevens, $1.50.—Green Ginger, by Arthur Morrison, $1.50.— Felicita, by Christopher Hare, illus., $1.25.—Cab No. 44, by R. F. Foster, $1.25.—A Disciple of Chance, by Sara Dean, $1.50.—The Bird in the Box, by Mary Mears, $1.50.—The Living Mummy, by Ambrose Pratt, illus. in color, $1.50.—Emily Fox-Seton, by Frances Hodgson Burnett, illus. in color, $1.50. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) Rhoda of the Underground, by Florence Finch Kelly, illus., $1.50.—Doctor Rast, by James Oppenheim, illus., $1.50.—An American Princess, by William Tillinghast Eldridge, illus., $1.50. (Sturgis & Wal- ton Co.) The Song of Songs, by Herman Sudcrmann, $1.40 net. —The Dragnet, by Evelyn S. Barnett, $1.50. (B. W. Huebsch.) The Seamless Robe, a twentieth century imprint of the ideal, by Ada Carter, $1.50.—Under the Northern Lights, by Mrs. J. Carleton Ward, illus., $1.50. (A. Wessels.) The Lonely Guard, by Norman Innes, with frontis- piece in color, $1.20 net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Irene of the Mountains, a romance of old Virginia, by George Cary Eggleston, illus., $1.50. (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.) 194 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. Lantern-Bearers, by Juliet Wilbur Tompkins, $1.50. (Baker & Taylor Co.) Into the Night, by Frances Nimmo Greene, illus. in color, $1.20 net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) In the Shadow of the Cathedral, by Vincent Blasco Ibanez, $1.35 net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) The Blindness of Dr. Gray, or The Final Law, a novel of clerical life, by Rev. P. A. Sheehan, $1.50. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Trans-Himalaya, discoveries and adventures in Tibet, by Sven Hedin, 2 vols., illus. in color, etc., $7.50 net.—Labrador, by Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell and others, illus., $2.25 net.—Mexico, by William E. Carson, illus., $2.25 net.—The Phillipine Islands and their people, by Dean C. Worcester, illus., $2.50 net.—Home Life in Foreign Lands, new vols.: Home Life in Holland, by David Storran Meldrum; Home Life in Turkey, by Lucy Garnett; each illus., $1.75 net.—Highways and Byways Series, new vol.: Highways and Byways in Middlesex, by Walter Jer- rold, illus., $2. net.—The Old Town, by Jacob A. Biis, illus.—Rome, by Edward Hutton, illus., $2. net.—The Picturesque Hudson, by Clifton Johnson, illus., $1.25 net.—The Way of the Wild, by Lieut- Col. J. H. Patterson, $2. net.—A Wanderer in Paris, by E. V. Lucas, illus., $1.75 net. (Macmillan Co.) An Antarctic Voyage, by Lieutenant Shackleton, 2 vols., illus. in color, etc., $10. net.—Portugal, by Ernest Oldmeadow, illus., $3.50 net.—In Japan, pilgrimages to the shrines of art, by Gaston Migeon, trans, by Florence Simmonds, illus., $1.50 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) The Gateway to the Sahara, by Charles W. Furlong, illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net.—The Servian People, their past glory and their destiny, by Prince Lazarovich-Hrebellainovich in collaboration with Princess Lazarovich-Hrebellainovich, illus., $3.50 net. —We Two in West Africa, by Decima Moore and Major F. G. Guggisberg, illus., $3.50 net.—Switzer- land of the Swiss, by Frank Webb, illus., $1.50 net. —Spain of the Spanish, by Louie Villiers-Wardell, illus., $1.50 net.—Diversions in Sicily, by Henry Festing Jones, $1.25 net.—Cruises in the Bering Sea, by Paul Niedrich, illus., $5. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Great Wall of China, by William Edgar Geil, illus.. $5. net.—Soman Cities of Northern Italy and Dalmatia, by A. L. Frothingham, illus., $1.75 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) Seven English Cities, by William Dean Howells, $2. net.—Going Down from Jerusalem, by Norman Duncan, illus., $1.50 net.—A Phantasy of Medi- terranean Travel, by S. G. Bayne, illus., $1.25 net. —A Hunter's Camp-Fires, by Edward J. House, illus., $5. net.—In the Forbidden Land, by A. Henry Savage Landor, new one-volume edition, illus., $3. (Harper & Brothers.) Wanderings in the Boman Campagna, by Rodolfo Lanciani, illus., $5. net.—Travels in Spain, by Philip S. Marden, illus., $3. net.—Greek Lands and Letters, by Francis G. and Anne C. E. Allison, illus., $2.50.—A Brief Pilgrimage in the Holy Land, by Caroline Hazard, illus., $1.50 net.—Terry's Mexico, $2.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The World United, the Panama Canal, its history, ita making, its future, by George Leigh, illus., $4. net —Motoring in the Balkans, by Frances Kingslev Hutchinson, illus., $2.75 net.—The Bretons at Home, by Frances M. Gostling, illus. in color, ete., $2.50 net.—Letters from France and Italy, by Arthur Guthrie, illus., $1.25 net.—The Romance of Northumberland, by A. G. Bradley, illus. in color, etc., $2.75 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) A Journey in Southern Siberia, the Mongols, their religion and their myths, by Jeremiah Curtin, illus. $3. net.—Roma Beata, letters from the eternal city, by Maude Howe, popular edition, illus., $1.50 net.—Two in Italy, by Maude Howe, popular edition, illus., $1.50 net.—Literary By-Paths, by Henry C. Shelley, popular edition, illus., $1.50 net —The Land of Enchantment, by Lilian Whiting, popular edition, illus., $1.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) From Lake Victoria to Kartoum with Rifle and Camera, with introduction by Rt. Hon. Winston Churchill, illus., $4. net.—The Isle of Man, by Agnes Herbert, illus. in color, $3.50 net.—Stained Glass Tours in England, by Charles H. Sherrill, illus., $2.50 net.—Seekers in Sicily, by Elizabeth Bisland and Anne Hoyt, illus., $1.50 net.—Bosnia and Herzegovina, illus., $1.50 net.—Walks and People in Tuscany, by Sir Francis Vane, illus., $1.50 net. (John Lane Co.) Sikhim and Bhutan, experiences of twenty years in the north-eastern frontier of India, by John Claude White, illus.—The Salmon Rivers and Locks of Scotland, by W. L. Calderwood, illus.—A Scamper through the Far East, including a visit to the Man- churian battlefields, by Major H. H. Austin, illus.— Mighty Hunters, an account of adventures in the forests and on the plains of Mexico, by Ashmore Russan, illus.—Quetta to Queenborough, my over- land trek from India by saddle, camel, and rail, by Edith Fraser Benn, illus. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Sherwood Forest, by Joseph Bodgcrs, illus. in photo- gravure, $7.50 net.—Camera Adventures in the Jungle, by A. Radcliffe Dugmore, illus. from photo- graphs from life by the author, $5. net.—Yucatan, the American Egypt, by Cbanning Arnold and Fred- erick J. Frost, illus., $3.80 net.—Land of the Lion, by W. S. Rainsford, illus., $3.80 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Native Life in East Africa, the results of an ethnological research expedition, by Dr. Karl Weule, illus., $4.50 net.—The Confessions of a Beach- comber, by E. J. Banfield, illus., $4. net.—Around Afghanistan, by Major de Bouillane de Lacoste, with a preface by M. George Leyques, trans, by J. G. Anderson, $3. net.—In the Land of the Bine Gown, by Mrs. Archibald Little, illus., $2.50 net- Life and Adventures beyond Jordan, by Rev. G. Robinson Lees, illus., $1.75 net.—Rambles in Bible Lands, edited by G. Lang Neil, illus., $1.75 net- Americans, by Alexander Francis, $1.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The Face of China, by Miss E. G. Kemp, illus. in color, $6. net.—Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit, by Albert Sonnichsen, illus., $1.50 net.—The Bar- barians of Morocco, by Count Sternberg, trans, by Ethel Peck, illus. in color, $2. net. (Duflield & Co.) 1909.] 195 THE DIAL Conquering the Arctic Ice, the record of a recent polar expedition, by Ejnar Mikkelsen, illus., $3.50 net.— Days in Hellas, rambles through present-day Greece, by Mabel Moore, illus., $2. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Travels of Pour Years and a Half in the United States of America, 1798-1802, by John Davis, edited, with introduction, by Alfred J. Morrison, $2.50 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) London Town, Past and Present, by W. W. Hutchings, 2 vols., illus., each $3. net.—Adventures in London, by James Douglas, with portrait in photogravure, $1.75 net. (Cassell & Co.) Unknown Tuscany, by Edward Hutton, illus., $2.50 net.—Things Seen in Holland, by Charles E. Roche, illus., 75 cts. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) Practical Guide to Latin America, by Albert Hale, $1. net.—Practical Guide to Great Britain and Ireland, by M. D. Frazar, 2 vols., each $1. net. (Small, Maynard & Co.) India, impressions and suggestions, by J. Keir Hardie, $1. net.—Back to Hampton Roads, by Franklin Matthews, $1.50. (B. W. Huebsch.) In the Abruzzi, by Anne Macdonnell, illus. in color by Amy Atkinson, $2. net.—Historical Guide Book of New York City, edited by the City History Club, illus., $1.50 net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) Court Life in China, the capital, its officials and people, illus., $1.50 net.—Snap Shots from Sunny Africa, by Helen E. Springer, illus., $1. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) The Chinese, by John Stuart Thompson, illus., $2.50 net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.) Trailing and Camping in Alaska, by Addison M. Powell, illus., $2. net. (A. WeBsels.) Around the World with a Business Man, by L. A. Bigger, 8 vols., illus. (John C. Winston Co.) The Real Chinaman, by Chester Holcombe, new edi- tion, illus., $2. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Across Panama and around the Caribbean, by Francis C. Nicholas, new edition, with additional matter, $1.50. (H. M. Caldwell Co.) PUBLIC AFFAIRS. The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, by Jane Addams, $1.25 net—The Old Order Changeth, by William Allen White.—The Promise of American Life, by Herbert Croly.—The Citizens' Library, edited by Richard T. Ely, new vols.: Credit and Banking, by David Kinley; The Government of Great American Cities, by Delos F. Wilcox; Wage- Earning Women, by Ajinie Marion MacLean; each $1.25 net.—How to Help, by Mary Conyngton.— Democracy and the Organization of Political Par- ties, by M. Ostrogorski, abridged edition, $4. net.— The Day in Court, or The Modern .Jury Lawyer, by Francis L. Wellman.—The People's Law, by Charles Sumner Lobingier. (Macmillan Co.) Men, the Workers, by Henry Demarest Lloyd, edited by Anne Withington and Caroline Stallbohm, with frontispiece, $1.50 net.—Conservation, by Gifford Pinchot, 75 cts. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) The Commonwealth of Man, by Nathaniel Schmidt, $1. net.—The Substance of Socialism, by John Spargo, $1. net.—The Art of Life Series, uew voL: Human Equipment, its use and its abuse, by Edward Howard Griggs, 50 cts. net. (B. W. Huebsch.) American Foreign Policy, by a Diplomatist.—Labor and the Railroads, by J. O. Fagan, $1.25 net.—The City of the Dinner Pail, by Jonathan Thayer Lin- coln, $1.25 net.—The Barbara Weinstock Lectures on the Morals of Trade, University of California, new vols.: The Conflict between Private Monopoly and Good Citizenship, by John Graham Brooks; Commercialism and Journalism, by Hamilton Holt. —The Hart, Schaffner, and Marx Prize Essays in Economics, new vols.: Agricultural Resources of the United States, by Emily Fogg Meade; The Case against Socialism, by Oscar Douglas Skelton; each $1. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Conquest of the Isthmus, by Hugh C. Weir, illus. —Ireland under English Rule, a plea for the plaintiff, by Thomas Addis Emmet, second edition, revised and in large part rewritten, 2 vols., $5. net. —American Inland Waterways, by Herbert Quick, illus.—The Economic Interpretation of History, by James E. Thorold Rogers, new and cheaper edition, $1.50 net.—Fallacies of Protection, by Frederic Bastiat.—Police Administration, a critical study of police organizations in the United States and abroad, by Leonhard Felix Field.—An American Transportation System, a criticism of the past and the present, and a plan for the future, by George A. Rankin. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Parenthood and Race Culture, by C. W. Saleeby, $2.50 net.—Marriage as a Trade, by Cicily Hamilton, $1.25 net.—What is Socialism, by Reginald Wright Kauffman, $1. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Town Child, a study of the life of a child in the large cities, by Reginald A. Bray, $2. net.—The Menace of Socialism, by W. Lawler Wilson, $1.50 net. (George W.. Jacobs & Co.) The Relations of the United States with Spain, by Rear-Admiral F. E. Chadwick, $4. net.—Latter Day Problems, by J. Laurence Laughlin, $1.50 net.— Privilege and Democracy in America, by Frederic C. Howe, $1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Equal Suffrage in Colorado, by Helen L. Sumner, $2. net.—The Valor of Ignorance, by Lea Homer, with introduction by Adna R. Chaffee, $1.80 net. (Harper & Brothers.) The Commonwealth of Australia, by Hon. Bernhard Ringrose Wise, formerly Attorney-General of New South Wales, $3. net.—The Speakers of the House, by Hubert Bruce Fuller, with frontispiece in photo- gravure, $2. net. (Little, Brown & Co.) A Modern City, the activities of Providence, Rhode Island, edited by William Kirk, $2.50 net.—The Armenian Awakening, by Leon Ampes, $1.25 net.— Source Book of Social Origins, ethnological ma- terials, psychological standpoint, and classified bibliographies for the interpretation of savage so- ciety, by William I. Thomas, $4.50 net.—The Cameralists, the pioneers of the German social party, by Albion W. Small. (University of Chicago Press.) The Nightless City, or The History of the Yoshiwara Yukwaku, by Dr. J. E. Becker, illus. in color, etc., $10. net.—Social Service, by Louis F. Post, $1. net. (A. Wessels.) Chinese Immigration, by M. H. Coolidge, $1.75 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) The Immigrant Tide, its ebb and flow, by Edward A. Steiner, illus., $1.50 net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) 196 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL A NNO UNCEMENTLIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. The Southern South, by Albert Bushnell Hart, $1.50. —An Introduction to Corporation Finance, by Ed- ward S. Meade, $1.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) Each and All, a study of the mutual influence of the individual and society, by Eev. John Parsons, $1.75 net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The Disappearance of the Small Landowner, Ford Lectures 1909, by A. H. Johnson. (Oxford Uni- versity Press.) NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LITE. Life Histories of Northern Animals, by Ernest Thomp- son Seton, illus., 2 vols., $18. net.—The Grizzly Bear, the narrative of a hunter, by William H. Wright, illus., $1.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) American Nature Series, new vols.: The Care of Trees in Lawn, Street, and Park, by B. E. Fernow, illus., $2.50 net; Our Food Mollusks, by James L. Kel- logg, illus., $3.50 net. (Henry Holt & Co.) The Garden Week by Week, by Walter P. Wright, illus. in color, etc., $2. net.—Bird Guide, by Chester A. Eeed, revised edition, illus. in color, etc., $1.75 net.—House Plants, by Parker Thayer Barnes, illus., $1.10 net.—Goldfish-Aquaria-Ferneries, by Chester A. Reed, illus., $1.50 net.—Flowerless Plants, by Elizabeth H. Hale, illus. in color, etc., 75 cts. net.—Guide to Taxidermy, by Charles K. Beed and Chester A. Reed, illus., $1.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) In My Lady's Garden, by Mrs. Richmond, illus. in color, etc., $3.50 net.—That Rock Garden Rock of Ours, by F. E. Hulane, illus. in color, etc., $3. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) The Trees and Shrubs of the British Isles, Native and Acclimated, by C. S. Cooper and W. Percival West- ell, illus. in color, etc., $7. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) The Natural History of British Game Birds, by J. G. Millais, illus. in photogravure, color, etc.—Field and Woodland Plants, by William 8. Furneaux, illus. in color, etc. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Art Communities, by Henry C. McCook, illus., $2. net. (Harper & Brothers.) Wildwood Days, by Winthrop Packard, $1.20 net. (Small, Maynard & Co.) A Garden in the Wilderness, by "A Hermit," illus., $1.20 net. (Baker & Taylor Co.) Leaves from a Madeira Garden, by Charles Thomas- Stanford, illus., $1.50 net. (John Lane Co.) Bird Hunting through Wild Europe, by R. B. Lodge, illus., $2.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) SCIENCE. The Evolution of Worlds, by Percival Lowell, illus., $2.50 net.—Concealing Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, by Abbott H. Thayer and Gerald H. Thayer, illus.—How to Identify the Stars, by Willis I. Milham, 75 cts. net.—Biological Aspects of Human Problems, by Dr. C. A. Hester.-—The Rural Science Series, edited by L. H. Bailey, new vols.: The Physiology of Plant Production, by Dr. B. M. Duggar; Forage Crops for the South, by S. M. Tracy; Principles of Soil Management, by Dr. T. L. Lyon and E. O. Fippin; Rural Hygiene, by H. C. Ogden; The Principles of Agriculture, by L. H. Bailey; each $1.25 net. (Mncmillan Co.) The Curiosities of the Sky, by Garrett P. Serviss, illus., $1.40 net.—Harper's Library of Living Thought, new vols.: The Life of the Universe, by Svante Arrhenius, 2 vols.; The Transmigration of Souls, by D. A. Bertholet; each 75 cts. net. (Har- per & Brothers.) Modern Organic Chemistry, by Charles A. Keane, $1.50.—Hypnotism, including a study of the chief points of psycho-therapeutics and occultism, by Professor Albert Moll, new and revised edition, with important additions, $1.50. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) In Starland with a Three-Inch Telescope, by William Tyler Olcott, illus.—Nautical Science in its Rela- tion to Practical Navigation, by Charles Lane Poor, illus. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) The Survival of Man, a study in psychical research, by Sir Oliver Lodge, $2. net.—The Conquest of the Air, the advent of aerial navigation, by A. Lawrence Rotch, illus., $1. net.—Reinforced Concrete, by Lewis Jerome Johnson, illus., $1. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Story of the Submarine, by Colonel C. Field, illus. in color, etc., $2. net.—Every Day Astronomy, by H. P. Hollis, illus., $1.25 net.—Aerial Naviga- tion of Today, by Charles C. Turner, illus., $1.50 net.—Botany of Today, by G. F. Scott Elliot, illus., $1.50 net.—How Telegraphs and Telephones Work, by Charles R. Gibson, illus., 75 cts. net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) Aerial Navigation, by Alfred F. Zahm, illus., $3. net. —International Scientific Series, new vols.: Periodic Law, by A. E. Garrett; A History of Birds, by H. O. Forbes, illus.; The Modern Science of Lan- guages, by H. Cantley Wyld; each $1.75 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The Geology of Ore Deposits, by H. H. Thomas, illus. —Monographs on Biochemistry, edited by R. H. Aders Plimmer and F. G. Hopkins.—The Vegetable Proteins, by Thomas B. Osborne. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Some Wonders of Biological Science, by William Hanna Thomson, $1.50 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) The Making of Species, by Douglas Dewar and Frank Finn, illus., $2.50 net. (John Lane Co.) Astronomy from a Dipper, by Eliot C. Clarke, 60 cts. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) Alcohol, a study of its effect on the individual, the community, and the race, by Henry Smith Williams, 50 cts. net. (Century Co.) AET AND ARCHITECTURE. Manet and the French Impressionists, a history of the French impressionistic school of art, by Theodore Duret, illus.—Dutch Art in the Nineteenth Cen- tury, by G. H. Marius, trans, by A. Teixeira De Mattos, illus. in photogravure, etc., $3.75 net.—The Mineral Kingdom, by Dr. Reinhard Brauns, trans, by L. J. Spencer, illus., $16.50 net.—Ceramic Lit- erature, compiled, classified, and described by M. L. Solon, $12.50 net.—Lacis, practical instructions in filet brod6, or darning on net, by Carita, illus. in color, etc., $3.50 net.—The New Art Library, edited by M. H. Spielmann, comprising: Artistic Anatomy, by Sir Alfred Downing Fripp; Modelling and Sculpture, by Albert Toft; Painting in Oils, by Solomon J. Solomon. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) 1909.] 197 THE DIAL French Chateaux and Gardens in the XVIth Century, a series of reproductions of contemporary drawings hitherto unpublished, by Jacques Androuet Du Cerceau, selected and described by W. H. Ward, illus., $10. net.—George Bomney, by Arthur B. Chamberlain, illus., $5. net.—Art in Great Britain and Ireland, by Sir Walter Armstrong, illus., $1.50 net.—The Art of Landscape Painting, by Birge Harrison, illus., $1.25 net.—Anderson's Architec- ture of the Kenaissance of Italy, new and revised edition, illus., $5. net.—Old Lace, a handbook for collectors, illus., $4.50 net.—Pewter and the Ama- teur Collector, by Edward J. Gale, illus., $2.50 net. —The Arts Connected with Building, lectures on craftsmanship and design, edited by T. Baffles Davison, illus., $2. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Pottery of the Near East, by Garrett Chatfield Pier, illus.—The Connoisseur's Library, edited by Cyril Davenport, new vols.: Wood-carving, by A. Mar- skell; Illuminated Manuscripts, by J. A. Herbert; Printed Books, by A. W. Pollard; Mosaics and Stained Glass, by N. T. Barwell and H. Druitt; each illus. in color, etc., per vol., $7.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Modes and Manners of the 19th Century, as repre- sented in the pictures and engravings of the time of 1790-1870, by Dr. Oskar Fischel and Max von Boehn, 3 vols., illus. in color, etc., $7. net.—Minia- ture Portfolio Monographs, new vol.: Peter Paul Rubens, a criticism of his art and place in art, by B. A. M. Stevenson, illus., 75 cts. net. (E. P. Dut- ton & Co.) Scottish Painting, Past and Present, by James E. Caw, illus., $8. net.—Chats on Old Earthenware, by Ar- thur Hayden, illus., $2. net.—Chats on Old Silver, by Mrs. Lowes, illus., $2 net.—Masterpieces in Color, edited by T. Leman Hare, new vols.: Da Vinci, Bubens, Burne-Jones, Chardin, Sargent, Fragonard; each 65 cts. net.—The Collectors' Hand- books, new vol.: Wedgwood, by N. Hudson Moore, illus., $1. net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) The National Gallery, a series of facsimile reproduc- tions in color of the masterpieces of the Italian, Flemish, German, French, and English schools, in the London National Gallery, first vol., $4. net.— A Complete Guide to Heraldry, by A. C. Fox- Davies, illus. in color, etc., $4. net.—Arms and Armour, by Charles Henry Ashdown, illus. in color, etc., $4. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.) Notes on the Science of Picture-Making, by C. T. Holmes, with frontispiece in photogravure, $3. net. —Fresco Painting, its art and technique, with reference to the Buono and spirit fresco methods, by James Ward, illus. in color, etc., $3. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) One Hundred Country Houses, by Aymar Embury, II., illus., $3. net.—The Story of Dutch Painting, by Charles H. Caffin, illus., $1.20 net.—Box Furniture, how to make one hundred useful things for the home, by Louise Brigham, illus. in color, etc., $1.60. (Century Co.) Little Books on Art, edited by Cyril Davenport, new vols.: English Furniture, by Egan New; The Arts of Japan, by Edward Dillon; Illuminated MSS., by John W. Bradley; each illus., $1. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) French Pastellists of the Eighteenth Century, by Hal- dane Macfall, illus., $8. net.—Oriental Carpets, Bunners and Bugs, and Some Jacquard Reproduc- tions, illus. in color, $6. net. (Macmillan Co.) The Master Painters of Britain, edited by Gleeson White, $3. net.—Sketching Grounds, with introduc- tion by Alfred East, illus. in color, etc., $3. net. (John Lane Co.) Artists Past and Present, by Elisabeth Luther Cary, illus., $2.50 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Art and Letters Library, new vol.: Stories of the French Artists, by T. M. Turner, illus. in color, etc., $3. net. (Duffield & Co.) The Theory of Structures, by B. J. Woods, illus. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) The Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy, by T. E. Peet. (Oxford University Press.) The World's Great Pictures, illus. in color, etc., $3.50 net. (Cassell & Co.) Masterpieces of Handicraft, edited by T. Leman Hare, 6 vols., each 75 cts. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Composition, by Arthur W. Dow, revised and en- larged edition, illus.,"$2.50 net. (Baker & Taylor Co.) Great Masters, by John La Farge, new edition, illus., $2.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Great Galleries of Europe, new vol.: The Wallace Gallery, 35 cts. (H. M. Caldwell Co.) MUSIC. Success in Music and How It is Won, by Henry T. Finck, $2. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) American Primitive Music, by Frederick Burton, $5. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Standard Concert Eepertory, by George P. Upton, with portraits, $1.75. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) Musical Sketches, by Elsie Polko, trans, by Fannie Fuller, illus., $1.25 net. (SturgiB & Walton Co.) A Guide to Modern Opera, by Esther Singleton, with portraits, $1.50 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Piano Questions Answered, by Joseph Hofmann, 75 cts. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Grove's Dictionary of Music, revised and enlarged under the editorship of J. Fuller Maitland, 5 vols., each $5. net.—Rhythm in Modern Music, by C. F. A. Williams. (Macmillan Co.) Music, its laws and evolution, by Jules Combarieu, trans, by Joseph Skellon, $1.75 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) PHILOSOPHY. - PSYCHOLOGY. - ETHICS. The Problems of Human Life, as viewed by the great thinkers from Plato to the present time, by Ru- dolph Euckcn, trans, by W. S. Hough and W. R. Boyce-Gibson, $3. net.—The Epochs of Philosophy, edited by John Grier Hibben, first vols.: The Stoic and the Epicurean, by R. D. Hicks; The Philosophy of the Enlightenment, by John Grier Hibben. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Philosophy of Change, by Daniel P. Rhodes.— Consciousness, by Henry Rutgers Marshall.—-Lec- tures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought Processes, by Edward Bradford Tichener. (Macmillan Co.) 198 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. Philosophies Ancient and Modern, first vols.: Early Greek, by A. W. Benn; Stoicism, by 8t. George Stock; Plato, by A. E. Taylor; Scholasticism, by Father Hickaby; Hobbes, by A. E. Taylor; Locke, by Alexander; Comte and Mill, by T. W. Whit- taker; Herbert Spencer, by W. H. Hudson; Berke- ley, by Father Tyrrel; each 50 cts. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.) The Meaning of Truth, a sequel to "Pragmatism," by William James, $1.25 net. (Longmans, Green, 6 Co.) Psychology and the Teacher, by Hugo Miinsterberg, $1.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.) Knowledge, Life, and Reality, an essay in systematic philosophy, by George Trumbull Ladd, $4. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Function, Feeling, and Conduct, an attempt to find a natural basis for ethical law, by Frederick Meakin. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Anti-Pragmatism, by Albert Schinz, $1.50 net. (Small, Maynard & Co.) New Philosophy of Life Series, by J. Herman Randal, 7 vols., each 60 cts. (H. M. Caldwell Co.) In Delirium's Wonderland, by Charles Roman, $1. (Keilly & Britton Co.) The Ethics of Progress, by Charles F. Dole, $1.50 net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) REFERENCE BOOKS. The Handy Pronouncing Dictionaries, first vols.: Eng- lish-French and French-English, by J. McLaughlin; English-German and German-English, by Dr. J. Blum; English-Spanish and Spanish-English, by J. Perez Jorba; each $1.25 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) Dictionary of Hard Words to Spell or Pronounce, by Robert Morris Pierce, $1.50 net.—A Record of Books Sold at Auction, in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, from Sept. 1, 1908, to Sept. 1, 1909, compiled by Luther S. Livingston, $6. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Waverlcy Synopses, by J. Walker McSpadden, 50 cts. net. (Thomas Y. CroweU & Co.) Cassell's Atlas, illus. with maps, $4. net. (Cassell & Co.) Tauchnitz Dictionaries, 14 vols., each 75 cts. (Mac- millan Co.) HEALTH AND HYGIENE. Those Nerves, by George Lincoln Walton, with fron- tispiece, $1. net.—Rural Hygiene, by Isaac W. Brewer, illus., $1.50 net.—Lippincott's New Med- ical Dictionary, edited by Henry W. Cattell, illus., $5. net.—The Harvey Lectures, delivered under the auspices ot the Harvey Society of New York, third series, 1907-1908; fourth series, 1908-1909. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) Short Talks with Young Mothers on the Management of Infants and Young Children, by Charles Gilmore Kenley, illus.—A Quiz Book of Nursing for Teach- ers and Students, by Amy Elizabeth Pope and Thirza A. Pope, illus. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Preventable Diseases, by Dr. Woods Hutchinson, $1.50 net.—The Elements of Military Hygiene, by Percy M. Ashburn, $1.50 net. (Houghton Mifllin Co.) The Role of Self in Mental Healing, by Dr. J. W. Courtney.—Bacteriology for Nurses, by Isabel Mc- Isaac.—Text-Book of Physiology and Anatomy for Nurses, by Diana Clifford Kimber, new edition, revised by Carolyn E. Gray.—A System of Medi- cine, by many writers, edited by Thomas Clifford Allbutt, 5 vols. (Macmillan Co.) Social Service and the Art of Healing, by Richard Clarke Cabot, $1. net.—The New Psychology in Medicine, by Isador H. Coriat, $2. net. (Moffat. Yard & Co.) A Text-Book of Nursing, by Margaret Frances Dona- hue, illus., $1.75 net.—Girl and Woman, by Caro- line Latimer, $2. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The Science and Art of Nursing, by eminent medical and nursing authorities, 4 vols., illus. in color, etc.. per set, $7.50 net. (Cassell & Co.) Nerves and Common Sense, by Annie Payson Call, $1.25 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) The Great White Plague, by Edward O. Otis, $1. net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) Vital Economy, or How to Conserve Your Strength, by John H. Clarke, 50 cts. net. (A. Wessels.) RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. The Temple, by Dr. Lyman Abbott, $1. net.—The Approach to the Social Question, by Francis Green- wood Peabody, $1.50 net.—The Gospel and the Modern Man, by Shailer Mathews, $1.50 net.—The Ethics of Jesus, by Henry Churchill King, $1.25.— Theism and the Christian Faith, by Charles Carroll Everett.—Recent Christian Progress, a record of seventy-five years, edited by Lewis Bayles Paton.— Lectures on Church History, by Brooke Foss West- cott.—The Church and the World in Idea and in History, the Bampton Lectures, 1909, by Rev. Walter Hobhouse.—The History of the English Church, edited by Dean Stevens and Rev. Wra. Hunt—Early Church History, to A. D. 313, by Henry Melvill Gwatkin, 2 vols.—The Bible for Home and School, edited by Shailer Mathews.—The Chinese Religion, by Dr. J. J. De Groot. (Mac- millan Co.) Church Unity, studies of its most important prob- lems, by Charles Augustus Briggs, $2.50 net.—An Introduction to the New Testament, by Theodor Zahn, trans, by M. W. Jacobus, 3 vols., $12. net.— Biblical Criticism and Modern Thought, the place of old testament documents in the light of today, by W. G. Jordan, $3. net.—The Pauline Epistles, a critical study, by Robert Scott, $2. net.—Outlines of Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, by Alfred S. Geden, illus., $3.50 net.—Studies in Theology, first vols.: Revelation and Inspiration, by Rev. James Orr; Philosophy and Religion, by Rev. Hastings Rashdall.—Sixty Years with the Bible, a record of experience, by William Newton Clarke, $1.25 net.— How God has Spoken, or Divine Revelation in Nature, in Man, in Hebrew History, and in Jesus Christ, by John Wilson, $2. net.—Commentary of St. Matthew, by Dr. Alfred Plummer, $3. net — The Tests of Life, a study of the first epistle of St. John, by Rev. Robert Law, $3. net.—The Fourth Gospel and the Synoptists, a contribution to the study of the Johannine problem, by F. W. Wooley. $1.25 net. (Charles hcribner's Sons.) 1909.] 199 THE DIAL Religion and Miracles, by George A. Gordon, $1.50 net.—Modern Beligious Problems Series, edited by Dr. Ambrose W. Vernon, first vols.: The Founding of the Church, by B. W. Bacon; Sin and its For- giveness, by Wm. DeW. Hyde; The Earliest Sources of the Life of Jesus, by S. C. Burkitt; The Church and Labor, by Charles Stelzle; per vol., 50 cts. net. —The Right to Believe, by Eleanor Harris Row- land, $1.25. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The Rise of the Mediaeval Church, from the apostolic age to the papacy at its height in the thirteenth century, by Alexander Clarence Flick.—Crown Theological Library, new vol.: The Papacy, the idea and its exponents, by Gustav Kriiger, $1.50 net.—Theological Translation Library, Vol. VHL, Primitive Christianity, its writings and teachings in their historical connections, by Otto Pfleiderer, $3. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) The Emmanuel Movement, a defense and an exposi- tion, by Elwood Worcester, $1.50 net.—The Making of the English Bible, by Samuel McComb, $1. net. —The Fourth Gospel in Debate and Research, by Benjamin Wisner Bacon, $2.50 net.—The Light beyond the Shadows, by Hope Lawrence, 50 cts. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) A History of Christianity in Japan, by Otis Gary, 2 vols., each $2.50 net.—The Great Prophecies Series, by G. H. Pember, Vol. VIII., The Great Prophecies of Christ concerning the Churches, $2.50 net.—The Number of Man, the consolidation of humanity and the agencies now operating to produce it, by Philip Mauro.—The Art of Sermon Illustration, by H. Jeffs, $1. net.—The Christian's Secret of a Happy Life, by Hannah Whitall Smith, new edition, deco- rated, $1. net.—Bible Miniatures, one hundred and fifty scriptural character studies, by Amos R. Wells, $1.25 net.—Between the Testaments, by C. M. Grant, 75 cts. net.—The Missionary Manifesto, by G. Campbell Morgan, 75 cts. net.—For the Life that Now Is, by Milford Hall Lyon, 75 cts. net.— Lessons from the Cross, by Charles Brown, 50 cts. net.—God and Me, by Peter Ainslie, 25 cts. net.— Religion and Health, by L. G. Broughton, 25 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) Researches in Biblical Archa?ology, second vol.: The Historic Exodus, by Olaf A. Toffteen, $2.50 net.— Constructive Bible Studies, new vols.: Walks with Jesus in His Home Country, by Georgia L. Cham- berlin and Mary Root Kern; The Sunday Kinder- garten, game, gift, and story, by Carrie S. Ferris, $1.25 net.—The Psychology of Prayer, by Anna LouiBe Strong, 75 cts. net.—The Child and His Religion, by George E. Dawson.—Studies in Galilee, by E. W. G. Masterman.—Biblical Ideas of Atone- ment, their history and significance, by Ernest D. Burton. (University of Chicago Press.) Harper's Library of Living Thought, new vols.: Christianity and Islam, by C. H. Becker; The Origin of the New Testament, by William Wrede; Jesus or Paul? by Arnold Meyer; each 75 cts. net. (Harper & Brothers.) Christian Ideas and Ideals, an outline of Christian ethical theory, by Robert Lawrence Ottley.—Old Testament History, by Rev. F. E. Spencer, 40 cts. net. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Modern Light on Immortality, by Henry Frank, $1.75" net.—A Workingman's View of the Bible, by O. F. Donaldson, $1.20 net.—Religion and Life, chapel addresses by members of the faculty of the Mead- ville Theological School, $1.10 net.—Religion and the Modern Mind, by Frank Carlton Dorn, $1. net. —A Mission to Hell, by Edward Eells, 80 cts. net. (Sherman, French & Co.) My Father's Business, by Charles E. Jefferson, illus., $1.25 net—The Mind of Christ, by T. Calvin Mc- Clelland, $1.25 net.—The Literary Man's Bible, by W. L. Courtney, $1.25 net.—The Gate Beautiful, by J. R. Miller, 85 cts. net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) The Expositor's Greek Testament, Vol. IV., edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, $7.50.—The Strength of Quietness, and other sermons, by Rev. Robert Service Steen, $1. net.—Lead Kindly Light, by John Sheridan Zelie, 75 cts. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) The Development of Christianity, by Otto Pfleiderer, $1.50 net.—The Poet of Galilee, by William Ellery Leonard, $1. net. (B. W. Huebseh.) The Quaker in the Forum, by Amelia Mott Gummere, illus., $1.50 net. (John C. Winston Co.) NEW EDITIONS OP STANDARD LITERATURE. Swinburne's Dramas, edited by Arthur Beatty, $1.50 net.—George Eliot's Works, printed from large type on opaque Bible paper, 8 vols., with photo- gravure frontispieces, each $1.25; per set, $10.— Crowell's Thin Paper Poets, new vols.: Longfel- low, Poetical Quotations, and Wordsworth; each with photogravure portrait, $1.25. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) The Life of Samuel Johnson, by James Boswell, centenary edition, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, with intro- ductions, recollections of Poe by Richard Henry Stoddard, biography, and contemporary estimates by Lowell and Willis, 2 vols., illus., $3. net. (A. Wessels.) Complete Dramatic Works of George Chapman, edited by Thomas M. Parrott, 2 vols.—World's Story Tellers, edited by Arthur Ransome, new vols.: Stories by Chateaubriand; Stories by Balzac; Stories by the Essayists; each with portrait, 40 cts. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) The Works of Christopher Marlowe, by C. F. Tucker Brooke. (Oxford University Press.) Mermaid Series, new vol.: Robert Greene's Plays, edited, with introduction and notes, by Thomas H. Dickinson, $1. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) The Dream of Gerontius, by John Henry Cardinal Newman, with facsimiles of the original MS. (Longmans, Green & Co.) Bret Harte's Works, new pocket edition, 7 vols., with frontispieces, each 50 cts.—The Niebelungenlied, trans, by Daniel Bussier Shumway, new edition, $1.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) Les Classiques I'rangais, edited by H. D. O'Connor, new vols.: Fables Choisis, by La Fontaine; Chan- sons Choisis, by B6ranger; Pensees de Pascal; per vol., $1. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) 200 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. Carlyle's Frederick the Great, abridged by Edgar Sanderson, with portraits, $1.50 net. (A. C. Mc- Clurg & Co.) Shakespeare's Complete Works, 4 vols., eloth, per set, $2.; leather, per set, $4. (Cassell & Co.) Balzac's ComGdie Humaine, centenary edition, new vols.: A Woman of Thirty and Other Stories; The Muse of the Department and other Stories; trans, by George Burnham Ives, each illus. in photo- gravure, $1.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) Illustrated Handy Pocket Editions of Standard Authors, 19 new vols, for 1909, each illus., $1. (John C. Winston Co.) HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS. French Cathedrals, by Elizabeth Robins Pennell, illus. from drawings by Joseph Pennell, $5. net.—Ro- mantic Germany, by Robert Haven Schauffler, with frontispiece in color by Scherres and sixty full- page illustrations by famous German artists, $3.50 net.—Thumb-Nail Series, new vol.: Great Hymns of the Middle Ages, with frontispiece, $1. (Cen- tury Co.) The Arabian Nights, edited by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora Archibald Smith, illus. in color by Max- field Parrish, $2.50.—Through the French Prov- inces, by Ernest C. .r/eixotto, illus. by the author, $2.50 net.—City People, illustrations in color, etc., by James Montgomery Flagg, $3.50 net.—Posson Tom and Pere Raphael, by George W. Cable, illus. in color by Stanley W. Arthurs, $1.50.—The Amer- ican Girl, illustrations in color by Harrison Fisher, with a foreword by J. B. Carrington, $3.50 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) Susanna and Sue, by Kate Douglas, illus. in color by Alice Barber Stephens and N. C. Wyeth, $1.50 net. —The Courtin', by James Russell Lowell, illus. and decorated in color by Arthur I. Keller, $1.50 net.—Italian Hours, by Henry James, illus. in color by Joseph Pennell, $7.50 net.—Our National Parks, by John Muir, new holiday edition, illus. from photographs by Herbert W. Gleason, $3. net. —New Golfer's Almanac, by William L. Stoddard, illus. and decorated by Arthur W. Bartlett, 90 cts. net.—Hints for Lovers, by Arnold Haultain, deco- rated, $5. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) The New New York, by John C. Van Dyke, illus. in color, etc., by Joseph Pennell, $3.50 net.—China, by Hon. Sir Henry Arthur Blake, illus. in color by Mortimer Mempes, $6. net.—Gainsborough, by James Grieg, with color facsimiles of Gains- borough's work by Mortimer Mempes, $15. net.— The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, illus. in color by Gilbert James, $3. net.—The Savoy Operas, by W. S. Gilbert, illus. in color by W. Russel Flint, $4. net.—The Book of Christmas, with introduc- tion by Hamilton Wright Mabie, illus. by George Wharton Edwards, $1.25 net. (Macmillan Co.) Holland of Today, by George Wharton Edwards, with illustrations from six water colors and twelve duotones by the author, $6. net.—The Land of the Blue Flower, by Frances Hodgson Burnett, with frontispiece in color by S. de Ivanowski, $1. net.— Two Lovers, by George Eliot, illus. in color, etc., by Howard Chandler Christy, $1. net.—Seven Ages of Childhood, by Carolyn Wells, illus. in color by Jessie Willcox Smith, $2. net.—My Bunkie and Others, a book of drawings, by Charles Schrey- vogel, $4. net.—The Music Lover, by Henry van Dyke, new edition, with frontispiece in color by S. de Ivanowski, 50 cts. net.—A Maid and a Man, by Ethel Smith Dorrance, illus. in color by Weber- Ditzler, $1.50 net.—The True Story of Santa Claus, by William S. Walsh, illus., $1.50 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, illus. in color and illuminated by Willy Pogany, $5.—Romantic Leg- ends of Spain, by Gustavo Becquer, trans, by Cornelia F. Bates and Katherine Lee Bates, illus., $1.50 net.—The Maine Woods, by H. D. Thoreau, illus. from photographs by Clifton Johnson, $2. net.—Bethlehem to Olivet, by J. R. Miller, illus., $1.50 net.—Wagner's Walkure, retold in English verse by Oliver Huckel, illus. and decorated, 75 cts. net.—The Christmas Child, by Hesba Stretton, illus. in color, 50 cts. net.—Christmas Builders, by Charles E. Jefferson, illus. and decorated, 50 cts. net.—Go Forward, by J. R. Miller, illus. in color, 50 cts. net.—Chiswiek Calendars, new vols.: Steven- son Calendar, compiled by Florence L. Tucker; Thoreau Calendar, compiled by Annie Russell Mar- ble; Wordsworth Calendar, compiled by A. E. Sims; each $1.—What Is Worth While SerieB, new vols.: Homespun Religion, by E. E. Higley; The Master's Friendships, by J. R. Miller; Until the Evening, by A. C. Benson; What They Did with Themselves, by Lyman Abbott; Why Grow Old? by O. S. Marden; each 30 cts. net. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.) The Private Palaces of London, Past and Present, by E. Beresford Chancellor, illus. $5. net.—Legends of the Alhambra, by Washington Irving, with an introduction by Hamilton Wright Mabie, illus. in color, etc., by George W. Hood, $2.50 net.—Se- lected TaleB of MyBtery, by Edgar Allan Poe, illus. in color by Byam Shaw, $3. net.—Pippa Passes and Men and Women, by Robert Browning, illus. in color by Eleanor F. Brickdale, $2. net.—Dra- matis Persona and Dramatic Romances and Lyrics, by Robert Browning, illus. in color by Eleanor F. Brickdale, $2. net.—Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, trans, by Edward FitzGerald, introduction by Joseph Jacobs, with illustrations in color and title and page decorations by Frank Brangwyn, $1.50 net.—The Lilac Girl, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus. in color by Clarence F. Underwood, $2. net.— Irish Life and Humor, illus. in color by Erskine Nicol, $1.50 net.—Shakespeare's Town and Times, by H. Snowden Ward and Catherine Weed Ward, third edition, enlarged, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.50 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) Old Christmas, by Washington Irving, illus. in color by Cecil Aldin, $2. net.—Assisi of St. Francis, by Mrs. Robert Goff, together with The Influence of the Franciscan Legend on Italian Art, by J. Kerr Lawson, illus. from water color and sepia drawings by Colonel R. Goff, $6. net.—The Color of Paris, historic, personal, and local, by the members of the Acad£mie Goncourt, under the general editorship of M. Lucien Descaves, illus. in color from 1909.] 201 THE DIAL aquarelles made by a Japanese artist, Yoshio Mar- kino, $6. net—The Cathedrals of Spain, by W. W. Collins, illus. in color by the author, $3.50 net.— The Heart's Desire, by Frances Foster Perry, illus. in color by Harrison Fisher, decorated by T. P. Hapgood, $2. net.—Beautiful Children, immortal- ized by the masters, by C. Haldane McFall, with illustrations in color reproduced from the original paintings of the old masters, $4. net.—Introduc- tions to Famous Poems, by Hamilton Wright Mabie, with thirteen portraits of the poets, $2. net.— Famous Cathedrals, described by Great Writers, compiled by Esther Singleton, illus., $1.60 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.) Le Morte D'Arthur, by Sir Thomas Malory, illus. by Aubrey Beardsley.—English Idyll Series, new vols.: Persuasion, by Jane Austen; Emma, by Jane Aus- ten; each illus. in color by C. E. Brock, $2. net.— Cecil Aldin's Illustrated Series, comprising: Jor- rocks on 'unting, by R. S. Surtees; The Perverse Widow, by Sir Richard Steel; Wives, by Washing- ton Irving; Bachelors, by Washington Irving; each illus. in color, etc., by Cecil Aldin, 50 cts.—A Con- ceited Puppy, some incidents in the life of a gay dog, by Walter Emanuel, illus. in color by Cecil Aldin, 50 cts.—The Wayfaring Books, new edition bound in limp lambskin with decorative and illustra- tive end papers, 11 vols., each $1.25 net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.) The Color of Rome, by O. M. Potter, illus. in color by Yoshio Markino, $5. net.—The Violet Book, compiled by Willis Boyd Allen, illus., $2. net.— Great English Novelists, by Holbrock Jackson, illus., $1.50 net.—Great English Painters, by Francis Downman, illus., $1.50 net.—Cambridge Colleges, by R. Brimley Johnson, illus., 90 cts. net. —Canterbury Cathedral, by T. Francis Bumpus, illus., 90 cts. net.—Tne Envelope Books, new vols.: The Old Christmas, by Washington Irving; Tho Old Christmas Dinner, by Washington Irving; The Last Ride Together, by Robert Browning; Aucassin and Nicolette, by F. W. Bourdillon; each illus., 25 cts. net.—The Cadogan Booklets, new vols.: Christ- mas Day, by Washington Irving; Selections from Poor Richard's Almanac; A Book of Christmas Carols; Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech and In- augural Addresses; The Pied Piper of Hamelin, by Robert Browning; Macbeth, from Charles Lamb; each illus., 10 cts. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Where the Laborers are Few, by Margaret Deland, illus. and decorated by Alice Barber Stephens, $1.50.—Chivalry, by James Branch Cabell, illus. in color by Howard Pyle, William Hurd Lawrence, and Elizabeth Shippen Green, $2. net.—The Boy- hood of Christ, by Lew Wallace, new edition, illus., $1.50.—Carlotta's Intended, by Ruth McEnery Stuart, illus., $1.25.—The Sense and Sentiment of Thackerary, by Mrs. Charles Mason Fairbanks, 75 cts. net.—The Peter Newell Calendar, twelve pic- tures in colors, $1. (Harper & Brothers.) Longfellow's Country, by Helen A. Clarke, illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net.—Ancient Myths in Modern Poets, by Helen A. Clarke, end papers by G. W. Hood, illus., $2. net—The Wistful Years, by Roy Rolfe Gilson, illus., $1.50. (Baker & Taylor Co.) Of the Imitation of Christ, by Thomas a Kempis, trans, from the Latin by Richard Whytford in 1556, and edited in modern English by Wilfred Raynol, with an historical introduction, illus. in color by W. Russell Flint, $3.50 net.—Christmas in Art, illustrations of the Nativity and the Christ- mas season by the old masters, collected by Fred- erick Keppel, $2.50 net.—Rubric Series, new vols.: Nature, by Emerson; Pippa Passes, by Browning; Sonnets from the Portuguese, by Mrs. Browning; Christmas Carol, by Dickens; each printed in two colors with marginal decorations, 60 cts. net. (Duffield & Co.) The Song of the English, by Rudyard Kipling, illus. in color by Heath Robinson, $5. net.—Grimm's Fairy Tales, illus. in color by Arthur Backhaul, $6. net.—Undine, by de la Motte Fouque, trans, by W. L. Courtenay, illus. in color, etc., by Arthur Rack- ham, $2. net.—The Poetry of Nature, edited by Dr. Henry van Dyke, illus. in photogravure from photographs by Henry Troth, $2. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Shakespeare's Love Story, by Anna B. McMahan, illus., $2.50 net.—Toasts and Table Sentiments, compiled by Wallace Rice, decorated in colors, 50 cts. net.—The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, trans, by Edward FitzGerald, decorated in colors, 50 cts. net.—Catchwords of Worldly Wisdom, a little book of epigrams, wise and witty, decorated in colors, 75 cts. net.—My Chums in Caricature, a burlesque gallery, by Herschel Williams, 50 cts. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) Sonnets from the Portuguese, by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, decorated and illus. in color by Mar- garet Armstrong, $2.—Tales of Edgar Allan Poe, illus. by Frederick Simpson Coburn, $1.50.—Friend- ship, two essays by Marcus Tullius Cicero and Ralph Waldo Emerson, with decorations by Edith Cowles.—The Ariel Booklets, ten new titles, each with frontispiece in photogravure, 75 cts. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) Tristan and Isolde, by Richard Le Gallienne, illus. in color by George A. Williams, $6. net.—The Clois- ter and the Hearth, by Charles Reade, illus. in color, etc., by Byam Shaw, $3.50 net.—Love Poems of the Eighteenth Century, illus. in color, $2.50 net—The Flute of the Gods, by Marah Ellis Ryan, illus. in photogravure from Indian photographs by Edward S. Curtis, $1.50 net.—Girls of Today, illus- trations in color by Clarence F. Underwood, $3. net. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.) Riley Roses, verses by James Whitcomb Riley, illus- trations by Howard Chandler Christy, $2.—Old School Day Romances, by James Whitcomb Riley, illus. and decorated in color by Earl Stetson Craw- ford, $1.50.—Harrison Fisher's American Beauties, illustrations in color, decorated by Earl Stetson Crawford, $3. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.) Neill Gift Book Series, 3 vols.: Evangeline, by Long- fellow; Hiawatha, by Longfellow; Snow-Bound, by Whittier; each illus. by John R. Neill, $1.25.— Pippins and Peaches, by Mme. Qui Vive, illus. by Penrhyn Stanlaws, $1.—The Menu Book, what to eat today, designed and illus. by Clara Powers Wilson, $1.25. (Reilly & Britton Co.) 202 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL A WO UNCBMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS—continued. The Book of Euth, by William A. Quayle, $1.50 net. —For the Gaiety of the Nations Series, compris- ing: The Elder American Humorists; The Younger American Humorists; The American Newspaper Humorists; each decorated, 50 cts. net. (Dodge Publishing Co.) The Alexandrian Series, 10 vols., illus. in photo- gravure, etc, each $1.—A Year Book of English Authors, written and compiled by Ida Scott Taylor, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.50.—A Year Book of American Authors, written and compiled by Ida Scott Taylor, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.50.-— Round the Year with the Poets, by Martha Capps- Oliver, illus. in photogravure, etc., $1.50.—When I Was a Baby, compiled by Helen P. Strong, litho- graphed in colors, $1.—The Value of Happiness, by Mary Minerva Barrows, with introduction by Margaret E. Sangster.—A Smoker's Reveries, or Tobacco in Verse and Bhyme, by Joseph Knight, $1.—Widow's Wisdom, by Ninon Traver Flecken- stein, illus., 75 cts.—Cynical Kids, or The Stork Book, by Newton Newkirk, illus., 75 cts.—Fore, the call of the links, by W. Hastings Webling, illus., 75 cts.—Chauffeur Chaff, or Automobilia, by Charles Welsh, 50 cts.—The Sphinx and the Mummy, an original book of limericks, by Carol Vox, illus., 50 cts.—Smile, Don't Worry, compiled by E. C. Lewis, 50 cts.—Everybody Up, by E. C. Lewis, 50 cts. (H. M. Caldwell Co.) Comfort, by Hugh Black, decorated, $1.50 net.—The Suitable Child, by Norman Duncan, illus. by Eliza- beth Shippen Green, 60 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.) Tennyson's In Memoriam, illus. and decorated by Clara M. Burd, $2. net.—Short-Cut Philosophy, by Albert William Macy, illus. and decorated, 75 cts. (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The Cottage Homes of England, drawn by Helen Al- lingham and described by Stewart Dick, illus. in color. (Longmans, Green, & Co.) Great Pictures as Moral Teachers, by Henry E. Jack- son, illus., $1.50.—Wants, by Clare Victor Dwig- gins, illus., $1.50.—The Old Cotton Gin, by John Trotwood Moore, illus., 50 cts. (John C. Winston Co.) Old Boston Days and Ways, by Mary Caroline Craw- ford, illus., $2.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.) The Marvelous Year, with introduction by Edwin Markham, $1.25 net. (B. W. Huebsch.) Wags, or The Philosophy of a Peaceful Pup, by Morgan Shepard, illus., 50 cts. (A. Wessels.) MISCELLANEOUS. Cults, Customs, and Superstitions of India, by J. Campbell Oman, revised and enlarged edition, illus., $3.50 net.—Mesmerism and Christian Science, by Frank Podmore, $1.50 net.—The Motor Car and its Engine, by John Batey, $1.50 net.—The 365 Series, new vol.: 365 Orange Becipes, 50 cts. net.— How to Live on a Small Income, by Emma Church- man Hewitt, 50 cts.—The Complete Hockey Player, by Eustace E. White, illus., $2. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.) Sailing Ships and their Story, by E. Keble Chatter- ton, illus. in color, etc., $3.75 net.—The Railway Conquest of the World, by F. A. Talbot, illus., $1.50 net.—Modern Card Manipulation, by C. Lang Neil, illus., 50 cts.—After Dinner Sleights and Pocket Tricks, by C. Lang Neil, illus., 50 cts.— Tricks for Every One, by Devent, illus., 50 cts. (J. B. Lippincott Co.) The Master of the Game, the oldest English book on hunting, by Edward, edited by W. A. and F. Baillie Grohmann, with a preface by Theodore Roosevelt, new and cheaper edition, illus., $4. net.—Etiquette for Americans, by a woman of fashion, new edi- tion, $1.50 net.—Practical Recipes, collected by two San Francisco women, illus., $1.25 net. (Duffield & Co.) Making the Best of Our Children, by Mary Wood Allen, 2 vols., each $1. net.—The Up-to-Date Sand- wich Book, 450 ways to make a sandwich, by Eva Green Fuller, $1. net.—Dame Curtsey's Book of Recipes, by Ellye Howell Glover, with frontispiece, $1. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) After Death—What? spiritistic phenomena and their interpretation, by Cesare Lombroso, illus. (Small, Maynard & Co.) The Training of Farmers, by Liberty H. Bailey, $1. net.—Dry-Farming, its principles and practice, by William Macdonald, $1.20 net. (Century Co.) The Master of Destiny, by James Allen.—A Book of Precious Stones, the identification of gems and gem minerals, by Julius Wodiska, illus.—House- keeping for Two, by Alice L. James, $1.25 net.— Putnam's Home-Maker Series, by Olive Green, new vol.: One Thousand Salads, $1. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.) The Technique of Speech, by Dora Duty Jones, illus. in color, etc., $1.25 net.—Imagination in Business, by Lorin F. Deland, 50 cts. net. (Harper & Brothers.) Abbott's Automobile Law for Motorists, by T. O. Abbott, $1.50.—Woman's Home Cook Book, ar- ranged by Isabel Gordon Curtis, illus., 60 cts.— The Modern Rapid Calculator, by A. Reinold-Christ, 25 cts.—Banquet Songs and Ballads, 25 cts. (Reilly & Brit ton Co.) Army Letters from an Officer's Wife, by Frances M. A. Roe, illus., $2. net.—The Junior Republic, its history and ideals, by William R. George, illus., $1.50 net.—American Business Law with Legal Forms, by John J. Sullivan, $1.50 net.—The Story of Sugar, by G. T. Surface, illus., 75 cts. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) The American Newspaper, by James Edward Rogers, $1. (University of Chicago Press.) Our American Holidays, new vols.: Memorial Day; Arbor Day; edited by Robert Haven Schauffler, each $1. net.—The Bridge Fiend, a cheerful book for bridge-whisters, by Arthur Loring Bruce, with frontispiece, $1. net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.) Folk Dancing, by Luther H. Gulick, illus., $1.40 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.) Both SideB of the Veil, by Anne Manning Robbing, $1.10 net. (Sherman, French & Co.) How to be Happy though Civil, by Rev. E. J. Hardy, $1. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.) / THE 203 The Confessions of a Con Man, by Will Irwin, illus., $1. net. (B. W. Huebsch.) New Charades, by William Bellamy, $1. net. (Hough- ton Mifflin Co.) The One and All Beeiter, serious, humorous, and dra- matic selections, edited by Marshall Steele, $1. net. (John Lane Co.) Easy French Cookery, by Auguste Maris, illus., 60 eta. net. (Cassell & Co.) WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. SSKSSttS 861.863 SIXTH AVE.. Cor. 48th St., NEW YORK FRENCH ROMANS CHOISIS. 26 Titles. Paper 60 cte., cloth 86 eta. per volume. CONTES CHOISIS. 24 Titles. Paper 25 cte., cloth 40 cts. per volume. Masterpiece*, pure, by well- known authors. Read extensively by classes; cotes in English. List on application. uu oua AND OTHBB rOBDOH BOOKS Complete cata- logs on request. THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Established in 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM. EXPERT REVISION OF MS8. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN. 70 FIFTH AVE.. NEW YORK CITY A New Volume in The Art of Life Series. Edward Howard Qrigos. Editor. SELF-MEASUREMENT A Scale of Human Values with Directions for Pergonal Application By WILLIAM DE WITT HYDE, President of Bowdom College. At all bookstores. SO cts net; postpaid, 55 cts. B. W. HUEBSCH PUBLISHER NEW YORY CITY BOOKBINDING PLAIN AND ARTISTIC. IN ALL VARIETIES OF LEATHER HENRY BLACKWELL University Place and 10th Street, New York City F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Representative Circulars sent upon request. 166 Fifth Avenue, Nhw York. P YOU CAN NOW BY USE OF THE ERFECT AMPHLET bind RESERVER THE DIAL at trifling cost. Holds one number or a volume,—• looks like a book on the shelf. Simple in operation. Sent postpaid for 25 CENTS THE DIAL COMPANY, CHICAGO To Readers of Advanced Thought We Recommend TII I— I I— Ar"*V OF * MAM WHO WANTED int. LLOHU T TO DO HIS DUTY Parti. By THEOCRATUS. Price, cloth, 76c: paper, 60c. The Southern Star (Atlanta, Oa.) says: "The object of this book is to set the reader to thinking, and to set him to thinking the author has asked such questions as * What is Truth ? 1 1 What is Man's mission on earth?' 'What did he come for in the world?' It is not filled with dry, uninteresting matter, but is chuck full of common sense and straight from the shoulder blows against the conditions prevailing." THE CORONA PUBLISHING CO., 65 W. Broadway, New York ALL OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, no matter on what subject. Write us. We can get you any book ever published. Please state wants. Catalogue free. BOOKS. you any book e- BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BremsoHAM, E»o. BOOKS PRESIDENT ELIOT'S FIVE-FOOT LIBRARY OFFERED IN GOOD READABLE TYPE EDITIONS AT A MODERATE COST. CATALOGUE ON REQUEST. THE H. R. HUNTTING CO., SPRINGFIELD, MASS. The extensive historical index to EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS Is a comprehensive analytical survey of the entire contents, treated from every possible point of view. "It ought to find a place in every geographical and historical library."— The Athemeum (London). THE ARTHUR H. CLARK CO., CLEVELAND, OHIO IHVII C CiV rotrrr Howard v. Sutherland 11/ILLd Ur uKEilllEi $i.oo. BrMaiisi.oo. AN EXaUISITE OIFT BOOK SHERMAN, FRENCH 4. CO. BOSTON, MASS. STUDY and PRACTICE of FRENCH in Four Parts L. C. Bona MR, Author and Publisher, 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No time wasted in superficial or mechanical work. French Text; Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. Part I. (GO cts.): Primary grade; thorough drill in Pronunciation. Pari JI. (10 cts.): Intermediate grade; Essentials of Grammar; 4th edition, revved, with Vocabulary; most carefully graded. Part 11I. ($1.00): Composition, Idioms, Syntax; meets requirements for admission to college. Part IV. (35c.): handbook of Pronunciation for advanced grade; concise and com- prehensive. Sent to teachers for examination, with a view to introduction. THE STUDY-GUIDE SERIES FOR I'SE IX HIGH SCHOOLS THE STUDY OF 1VANHOE. Maps, plans, topics for study, references. Special price for use in classes, 26 cents net; single copies. 50 cents. THE STUDY OF FOUR IDYLLS. College entrance require- ments, notes and topics for high school students. Price, for use in classes. 16 cents net; single copies, 25 cents. List for college classes sent on retiuest. Address H. A. DAVIDSON. THE STUDY-GUIDE SERIES. CAMBRIDGE. MASS. SMALL CARD ADVERTISEMENTS OUB RATES ABE VERY LOW ON SMALL STANDING CARDS. 8END COPY OF YOUR ADVERTISEMENT AND WE WILL QUOTE SPECIFIC PRICES ON ONE AND SEVERAL INSERTIONS. THE DIAL, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO 204 [Sept. 16, THE DIAL Some Book Bargains MICROCOSM OF LONDON; or, London in Miniature. By Henry Ackermann. With 104 beautiful full-page illustra- tions in colours, the Architecture by A. C. rue in. and the Manners and Customs by Thomas Rowlandson and William Henry Pine. In three volumes, quarto. London: Methuen & Co. Reduced from $22. to $12.60. The Original Edition of this book is now rare and costly, and is one of the finest and most popular of old colored books, and an invaluable description of London a century ago. THE NATIONAL SPORTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. By Henry Aiken. With 50 full-page illustrations, beautifully coloured after Nature, 18 x 13 inches. Each illustration is accompanied by full and descriptive letterpress in English and French. A handsome volume, large folio, buckram back, cloth sides. A choice facsimile of the very rare and costly original edition of 1821. London: Methuen & Co. Reduced from $37. to $15.00. SOCIAL CARICATURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. By "George Paston " (Miss E. M. Symonds). Author of " Little Memoirs of the 18th Century, Ac. A Comprehensive Survey of the Life and Pastimes of the English People during the Eighteenth Century, as portrayed in the Caricatures by Hogarth, Rowlandson, Gillray, and others. Superbly illustrated by a colored frontispiece and over 200 plates, beautifully reproduced from the original line en- gravings, etchings, mezzotints, stipple, &c. with letterpress explaining all the points of the drawings. Large quarto, boards, canvas back, gilt top. London: Methuen & Co. Reduced from $18.60 to $7.50. The Fourth Folio of Shakespeare. Faithfully Reproduced in Collotype Facsimile from the Edition of 1685, in a limited issue. MR. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S COMEDIES. HIS- TORIES AND TRAGEDIES. Published according to the true Original Copies. The Fourth Edition, with all the introductory matter, epitaphs, verses, etc.. and a fine impression of the portrait by Droeshout. Folio, boards, linen back. [London: Printed for H. Herringham. E. Brewster,and R. Bentley. at the Anchor in the New Exchange, etc.. 1686. j London: Methuen & Co. Reduced from $30. to $15.00. THE GODS OF THE EGYPTIANS; or. Studies in Egyptian Mythology. By E. A. Wallis Budge, Litt.D. (Keeper of the Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the British Museum). A complete history of the worship of spiriU, demons, and gods in Egypt, from the earliest period to the introduction of Christianity. Magnificently illustrated by 98 colored plates and 131 illustrations in the text. Two volumes, large octavo. London: Methuen & Co. Reduced from $22. to $10.00. RECUTELL OF THE HISTORYES OF TROYE. By Raoul Lefevre, translated and printed by William Caxton (cir. A.D. 1474), and now edited by H. Oskar Somraer, Ph.D. A faithful reproduction of the original words, from a unique perfect copy of the original, with an historical and critical introduction, and including a complete Glossary and Index. Two volumes, small quarto. London: David Nutt. Reduced from $12.60 to $6.50. Two hundred and fifty copies of this Edition were privately printed for Subscribers, of which only a few remain for sale. DOME (THE): A Quarterly. Containing Examples of all the Arts: Architecture, Literature. Drawings. Paintings, Engravings, and Music. With contributions by Laurence Housman. W. B. Yeats, Arthur Symons, Fiona Macleod, Stephen Phillips, Edward Elgar, Liza Lehmann, and others, with facsimiles of early woodcuts, and illustrations by modern artists, with a number of songs. Complete as pub- lished, 1st Series, 5 parts, and 2d Series, 7 vols. Twelve volumes, small quarto. London: At the Sign of the Unicorn. Reduced from $20. to $7.50. Sent prepaid on receipt of price. BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO The Home Poetry Book We have all been wanting so loilP" Edited by 1UI15'FRANCIS F. BROWNE Editor "Poems of the Civil War." "I*aurel Crowned Verse," etc. Author Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc., etc. "GOLDEN POEMS" contains more of everyone's favorites than any other collection at a popu • lar price, and has besides the very best or the many fine poems that have been written in the last few years. Other collections may contain more poems of one kind or more by one author. "GOLDEN POEMS" (by British and American Authors) has 550 selections from 300 writers, covering the whole range of English literature. "Golden Poems' "GOLDEN POEMS" is a fireside volume for the thousands of families who love poetry. It is meant for those who cannot afford all the col- lected works of their favorite poets—it offers the poems they like best, all in one volume. The selections in "GOLDEN POEMS " are classi- fied according to their subjects: By the Fire- side: Nature's Voices; Dreams and Fancies; Friendship and Sympathy; Love: Liberty and Patriotism: Battle Echoes; Humor; Pathos and Sorrow; The Better Life; Scattered Leaves. "GOLDEN POEMS." with its wide appeal, at- tractively printed and beautifully bound, makes an especially appropriate Christmas gift. In two styles binding, ornamental and flexible leather. Sent on receipt of price, $1.50. BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE. 203 Michigan Avenoe. Chicago THE DIAL <3 Srmt«JflanttjIg Jlaumal of ILttnaru Criticismt, Bisraagion, anb Enformatfon. THE DIAL (/minded in 1880) is published on Ike 1st and ICth of each month. Txbus of Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. Remittances should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. Advertising xXxtu furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act ot March 3,1879. No. 569. OCTOBER 1,1909. Vol. XLV1I. Contents. PAQB THE THEATRICAL OUTLOOK 219 ON TEACHING LITERATURE. Charles Leonard Moore 221 CASUAL COMMENT 223 The tribute to the memory of Dr. Johnson. — Caustic criticism of the English censor of plays.— The vogue of the old-fashioned novel. — Choosing books for a public library.—The usefulness of the newspaper reading-room in libraries. — The Globe Playhouse of Shakespeare's London. — The libra- rian's complex duties. — A prodigiously prolific story-writer. — A poet's romance. FROM LITERARY LONDON. (Special Correspon- dence.) Clement E. Shorter 225 COMMUNICATIONS . . 226 In Commendation of a Recent Novel. William Ettabrook Chancellor. Epistolary Plagiarism. R. T. House. A LATTER-DAY ENGLISH NATURALIST. P«rcy F. Bicknell 228 ON THE SPIRALITY OF THE COSMOS. Eay- mond Pearl 230 THE DOMESTIC LIFE OF RICHARD WAGNER. Louis James Block 231 FROM ARCTIC SEA TO IRISH SUMMER. H. E. Coblentz 233 Mikkelsen's Conquering the Arctic Ice. — Greely's Handbook of Alaska. — Misses Bisland and Hoyt's Seekers in Sicily.—Miss Moore's Days in Hellas.— Hutton's In Unknown Tuscany. — Lees's A Sum- mer in Touraine. — Gwynn's A Holiday in Conne- mara. — Curtis's One Irish Summer. RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . . .236 Bennett's The Old Wives' Tale. — Hewlett's Open Country. — Quiller-Couch's True Tilda. — Hyatt's The End of the Road. — Caine's The White Prophet. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 238 "A Bishop in the Rough." — Chumming with bandits.—Speculations on the life of the Universe. —Appreciation of a genial humorist.—An uncom- mon type of royal womanhood. — Great Britain's Indian problems.—History of the great Boston fire. NOTES 241 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS (additional) 242 TOPICS EN OCTOBER PERIODICALS .... 247 i-IST OF NEW BOOKS 248 THE THEATRICAL UPLIFT. As the theatrical season opens, there is a bow of promise in the skies, arching from one shore of the Atlantic to the other, the sign of a new spirit in the direction of stage affairs in the English-speaking world. It is a sign only, and almost everything remains yet to be done, but never before have there been so many indica- tions that the English theatre is on the point of realizing its responsibilities, and of becoming the ally of education and art and morals. For a good many years a few idealists have been hammering at the nail of the endowed or sub- sidized stage, and it seems at last to have been driven in firmly enough to support our hopes, provided we are reasonably modest in their statement. The elementary propositions that the theatre may be made a worthy educational agency, and that, as such, it should no more be expected to pay its way than the college or the church, the public library or the art museum, appear to have been grasped by a number of minds sufficient to form a working nucleus for the propaganda that has hitherto existed only on paper. The accretion of converts to this cause needs only to go on for a few years more at the present rate, and there will be enough serious theatres in actual operation to provide the skeptical with a convincing object-lesson. We have no idea that the theatre of commerce, devoted to the frivolities and vulgarities that best pay their exploiters, will be put out of business by the new development, for, as Goethe says, " Es muss doch solche Kauze geben," but we do foresee the time when in our larger cities it shall be possible to find some playhouse to go to for genuine spiritual refreshment. Looking first at the transatlantic aspect of the situation, we note that the war on the censor- ship goes merrily on, and that the doom or the radical transformation is in sight of a system that proscribes such dramatic masterpieces as "The Cenci" and "Monna Vanna," while tol- erating every form of debasing and brutalizing stage entertainment. Then there are the two new repertory theatres that are actually about to open their doors in London, one of them under the management of Mr. Herbert Trench, the other under the joint direction of Mr. Charles Frohman and Messrs. G. Bernard Shaw, Gran- 220 [Oct. 1 THE DIAL ville Barker, J. M.Barrie, and John Galsworthy. These two enterprises show that "the public within the public," to use Mr. Archer's phrase, has at last found practical recognition, and that the serious play-writer may be encouraged to engage in dramatic composition without keeping one eye squinted toward the box-office. There seems to be no reason to doubt the good faith of the men in charge of these new undertakings. Their official pronouncements may be illustrated by a few quotations. Mr. Frohman says: "A repertory theatre should be the first home of the young dramatist. I beg of him to be done with the the- atrical, and write only of a life that he really k nows. . . . I want to interest the good play-goer, not once or twice a year, in what is being done at my theatres, but once or twice a mouth In my opinion there are now in this country a number of people sufficiently large to be called the public, who wish to delight in the drama as an art." These sayings have the right ring, and so have such utterances as these from Mr. Trench: "It is hoped that the new management will be able to give the most generous opportunities to young English dramatists. . . . Under our new system it will be possi- ble to produce masterpieces by dramatists of the first rank which would never see the light in a long run. The play of ideas will be varied also by selections from the best revived modern plays, and by classical plays." We are indebted for these "kernel" quota- tions to an article by Mr. Edward Garnett, whose own opinion is thus voiced: "The old view that the theatre is merely a place of amuse- ment is giving way, slowly, but none the less giving way, to the idea that the theatre is one of the most potent instruments we possess for the aesthetic, mental, and moral instruction of the citizen." This is a truism to anyone even super- ficially acquainted with the history of culture, but our English theatre has sunk to so low an estate during the last half-century that the state- ment will come to many with the force of a refreshing novelty. The vicious influences of the star system, the long run, the syndicated control, and the supine catering to low forms of taste, have so operated to bring the theatre into contempt that its repute will not easily be restored, even with the best of will and the most ample resources. But a fair beginning has been made, and our confidence now has something to which it may cling. Coincidently with these foreign undertak- ings, the New Theatre of New York is about to open its doors. Of the two factors necessary to the success of such a venture, money and intelli- gent direction, the former, at least, is not lacking, for the building and grounds are said to repre- sent an initial expenditure of three million dollars. As for the other factor, the names of those directly in charge, as well as the names of those who are supporting the enterprise, are of a nature to claim respect. Whether the danger that comes from a multitude of counsellors will be avoided remains to be seen. There is a cer- tain element of danger also in a too lavish material equipment, and it is possible that the financial path has been made too smooth. The directors disclaim any leanings toward precios- ity, and do not intend to frighten the public away by a too austere idealism. They do not aim to produce plays "too bright and good for human nature's daily food." The New Theatre is not, they say, "to be made a school for the select few, wherein a dull or tedious play of merit will be kept upon the stage for the pur- pose of instructing its patrons, but a playhouse for the public at large." They further say that they hope to make the institution " as distinctly democratic and civic as is the Come'die Fran- caise." This is all very sensible, and the early announcements indicate that various tastes are to be consulted. The first five plays to be given are "Antony and Cleopatra," "The School for Scandal," Mr. John Galsworthy's "Strife," and new works by two young Harvard graduates, Mr. Edward Knoblauch, who wrote "The Shulamite," and Mr. Edward Sheldon, who wrote " Salvation Nell." One evening a week is to be given to the performance of standard operas of the lighter sort. An import- ant point is that the company, which includes many actors of assured reputation, will visit other large cities for short engagements after the twenty-four weeks' season in New York is at an end. This gives the enterprise a truly national significance. Finally, a word should be said about the pro- gramme of Mr. Donald Robertson and his Chicago company of players. This modest organ- ization, inspired by a director whose aims are the highest and whose devotion to his art is abso- lutely pure and disinterested, has already done two years of successful missionary work, and now enters upon a third with high hopes and fair promise. The Chicago season will consist of thirty Saturday night performances, beginning early this month. They will be given upon the stage of Fullerton Hall at the Art Institute, with better facilities than were available there last year. The other days of the week will be spent in outside engagements, and the object- lesson will be repeated in many distant commu- nities. Mr. Robertson has projected, as before, a cosmopolitan programme of singular interest. His English classics are to be Sheridan's " The 1909.] 221 THE DIAL, Critic," Browning's "The Return of the Druses," Shelley's "The Cenci," and Shakespeare's "Timon of Athens." The two latter plays are practically unknown to the modern stage, and Shelley's great tragedy, forbidden in the poet's native country by the censor, has had only the single (private) performance given it by the Shelley Society about fifteen years ago. The first American performance will be distinctly an event. Ten continental dramas, new and old, are included in this fascinating programme. The classics are Calderon's " Mayor of Zalamaya," Moliere's "Tartufe," Marivaux's "Le Jeu de FAmour et du Hasard," and Alfieri's "Saul." The modern examples are Echegaray's "The Stigma," Sudermann's "Gliick im Winkel," Heijerman's " Links," van Eeden's " Ysbrand," Ibsen'8 "H sermsendene paa Helgeland," and Bjbrnson's "De Nygifte," the earliest of his social studies. This extraordinary list of mas- terpieces will afford a hitherto unexampled opportunity for acquaintance with the best in dramatic literature; that all these works are presently to be seen in actual stage performance in the English language is a fact that seems too good to be true. ON TEACHING LITERATURE. All sciences and special branches of knowledge can be taught, because they are limited in their nature and have definite rules and methods; but to teach literature is a good deal like trying to teach life itself. One can only know life by instinct and experience. A class in literature must be a good deal like an aviary in which someone is endeavoring to introduce order and discipline. The birds' minds are so various, the air-paths and the perches are so numerous and alluring, that the drill-master can hardly help having a hard time. The converse of the rule about toadstools and mushrooms is true of students: if books bore or poison you, you are not a reader; if you can digest them, you are. The born reader, even with the slightest learning, has an almost infallible instinct. He or she will never make the mistake of Charles Lamb's Stamp Collector, who asked him if he did not think Milton was a great poet. He or she will never exasperate you by sug- gesting that the last novelist has put the world's literature into eclipse. But the born diviners are few, and the majority of students need guidance and are willing to accept it. If it ever fell to my lot to conduct a class in literature, I think I should begin by placing in every pupil's hands a copy of Leigh Hunt's little compila- tion, "Imagination and Fancy." The Introduction to this work is of no great value, — or, at least, the ideas in it can be better gathered from their originals in Coleridge. But the selections form a small body of the most intensely poetical pieces and passages in the language. And Hunt, by his system of italiciz- ing the most perfect phrases and expressions, by his notes of ungrudging admiration, is continually at the student's elbow, to explain, illumine, make vivid, the wonders of the text. It would be a poor pupil who, from the study of such a work, would not come to realize that literature is a fine art — that its medium is words, and that these words are capable of melodies, harmonies, tints, colors, tone, and sculptural outline in infinite and almost ineffa- ble combination. The power of rendering by lan- guage the exact qualities of things, of giving in essential extract the forms and hues of life and nature, and of hinting at the interrelation and spir- itual significance of these matters, is the primary concern of literature. With some poets and prose writers, expression is all in all; and with many readers it is so fascinating that they care for noth- ing else. From these studies in the near and the minute, I should jump my students at once to the considera- tion of the large and the remote. I should place before them, using English translations or recensions, the great early epics of earth's different races — the Icelandic sagas, the Niebelungenlied, the Celtio legends, and the great Hindoo epics. These works differ greatly in their qualities of expression, in their verbal felicity. The Niebelungenlied, perhaps the largest canvas of human action ever painted, is done in a rambling, garrulous style, in a jog-trot metre. The Icelandic sagas are terse and vivid, but they are travellers' tales, having little ordered art, and being the germs of poems rather than full poetic works. The Irish and Welsh legends have had an immense amount of art spent upon them in their varied recen- sions, and they are often splendidly beautiful in detail; but in them the genius of the race has seemed to lack balance and measure. The same thing may be said of the Hindoo epics. But all of these works have in common greatness of design and creative fire; and it is as necessary that the student of literature should get it into his head that these qualities are admirable as that he should learn to appreciate perfect form. They one and all shadow forth a world that is based indeed on our world, but rises above this like a mirage. They project figures that bear the semblance of humanity, but are larger, more tremendous, more significant than merely human characters. They involve the cosmogonies— the hopes and fears, the thoughts and intuitions, of mankind in its freshest stage of imagination. It is certainly a great gain to any student's vivacity and richness of mind when he can be interested in the Hindoo Lucifer, Ravana, who stood for ten thou- sand years on his head (he had three of them, so he may have varied the exercise), and thereby acquired so much merit that the gods could not prevail against him; or when he can understand and take seriously the story of Thor nearly emptying the ocean by three draughts of a drinking-horn; or when he can accept 222 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL Cuchulain's single-handed fight against an immense army. Such creations, while they are projections of single characters, have the concentrated signifi- cance of types. They compare with the figures in modern novels, which are also pictures of humanity, as gold coins compare with bank notes. These may have the same face value, but the notes soon become dirty and torn, and are discarded; whereas the coins keep their lustre and edge and intrinsic value for centuries. After the lessons of form and the lessons of design had sunk into my pupils' minds, then, and not until then, I should put before them accepted master- pieces of literature in which creation and execution go hand in hand. It is unnecessary to enumerate them — and, indeed, for school purposes a small selection from any one of the three supreme poets, Homer, Dante, or Shakespeare—would be sufficient to indicate what literature can do at its best. In any one of Shakespeare's most perfect plays, for instance, what faculties, what qualities, what mira- cles of vision and execution, combine to produce the total effect! No single gift is there, but a complex of powers which it would be a fascinating though perhaps not very useful study to unravel and separate. Absolute realization, transcendent power, — these are the main goals of literature. Speech, in its commonest use, is an ever-recurring miracle; but as used by the great masters to rival the concrete, to realize the abstract, to fix fleeting nature and life, it is the wonder of wonders. And the creative power of design, which on the basis of nature and life builds the empires of the imagination, is even more god- like. Something analogous to this division of literature exists in painting. From the first, artists seem to have been separated into two opposed camps: those who could realize, render, paint; and those who could draw, design, tell stories. The one body was mainly concerned with the rendering of planes, modified of course by tint and color; the other was chiefly interested in expressing ideas by means of lines. The Greek paintings that have come down to us in vase decorations are of the latter class; they have purity of line and tint, but they do not seek to reproduce nature, and they do illustrate legends and express ideas. The great Greek painters, how- ever, Zeuxis and Apelles, were, if we may trust the legends about them, Tenderers. They sought to imitate nature; they painted what they saw. In more recent times, Angelo, Raphael, Tintoretto, Poussin, Reynolds, David, and a great part of the English school, were designers, illustrators. And on the other side, Titian, Rembrandt, Velasquez, nearly the whole Dutch school, and Gainsborough, were painters, reproducers of nature. Both kinds of art are legitimate, — they are equally important, but it is curious that those who can paint despise design, while those who can design rarely render with the felicity and perfection of the others. It is the difference between the sensuous and intellectual faculties of man. There is no such decisive separation of these faculties, no such war of armed camps, in literature as in painting. It is difficult to use words at all without conveying ideas or telling a story — without exhibiting some quality of design. Here and there a poet or a prose-writer has succeeded in striking out impressions of nature, or rapturous musical tones, to which it is difficult to attach a coherent meaning. Perhaps Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" and Poet "Ulalume" are the supreme examples, in our liter- ature at least, of such scenic or atmospheric rendi- tions. They may signify anything or nothing. On the other hand, writers who have anything at all to say have usually been able to say it in more or less felicitous words. But the distinction remains between the two orders of minds; it is symbolized in the two opposed pairs, Goethe and Schiller, Keats and Shelley. Some writers pass through all the phases of the two gifts. Shakespeare began life intoxicated by words and images. He yielded himself up as a pure medium for life to express itself — as a mirror to reflect all the hues and objects about him. Grad- ually the intellectual predominated, and at the top of his career he seems almost to have disdained the vehicle of language, and, like Velasquez at the last, "painted with the will alone." The same progres- sion is observable in Milton, from the sensuousnees of his earlier poems to the severe outlines of the "Samson." But to return to my class of students whom I left hanging in the air. There are two more matters I should like to impress upon them: first, the import- ance of the individual, the personal, in writers or creative artists; and, second, the universality or con- stant recurrence of the master-moods of mankind which seek expression in literature. The writer's personality constitutes his originality. It is what he adds to the common stock. It is what differen- tiates him from others. No two artists can have the same view of human life or nature; no two are started with exactly the same impetus, or meet with the same resistance. As a result, their work, down to the very motion of their prose or verse, is different. Hereby it comes that we would recognize a scene of Shakespeare's or a passage of Milton's if we met them in the middle of the desert of Sahara. All art worth the name has this quality of uniqueness, of singularity. But on the other hand, as the main experiences of mankind are, after all, limited in number, are com- mon to all, it comes about that literature must repeat, reiterate, recast, the same matter. The joys, hopes, sorrows, fears, aspirations and despairs of men most reappear in new guise in every age's art. Hence the parallels, similarities, revivals and imitations in liter- ature. The same general conditions compel the same kind of work. The Athenian drama, rising out of the heroic period of the Greek race, based upon religion, patriotism, art-zeal, finds itself echoed in the great English and Spanish theatres. The courtly verse of the Augustan age is parallelled by that of the epochs of Louis XIV. and Queen Anne. The 1909.] 223 THE DIAL moods and manners and fashions of men change indeed, but they change in circles, and they are always finding themselves back in the same spot When I had got my class in literature thus far, I should dismiss it, sure that the twist or bent of each member would carry him too far in some direc- tion, and that catholicity of judgment would be left only for those who did not need any instruction at all. Charles Leonard Moore. CASUAL COMMENT. The tribute to the memory op Dr. Johnson on the recent bicentennial of his birthday (Septem- ber 18), was no noisy demonstration, but an appro- priate recognition of his still-living influence in our life and thought. He is now very little read, it is true; but he has left a few phrases and maxims that promise to abide. "To point a moral or adorn a tale" falls glibly from the tongue of thousands who have never heard of "The Vanity of Human Wishes," and many an untoward happening is spoken of as eclipsing the gayety of nations, with no suspicion on the speaker's part that he is quoting Johnson's allusion to the death of Gariick. Of course it is his life and personality, as transmitted to posterity by the faithfulest of biographers, that we cherish; and the influence of his character will long outlast his writings. The bicentennial cere- monies began at Litchfield, September 15, with the formal opening, by Lord Rosebery, of a Johnson memorial exhibition, followed on the next day by a lecture from Mr. Sidney Lee, and in due course by the Johnson anniversary supper and a special ser- vice in the cathedral. A more elaborate commemo- rative dinner in London is planned for October, when Mr. Thomas Seccombe, Prior of the Johnson Club, will act as toastmaster. An exhibition of Johnsoniana at the British Museum is also among the possibilities. In the publishing world, a bicen- tenary edition of Johnson's poems, with an intro- duction by Mr. William Watson, is promised by Mr. John Lane, who also brings out a tempting volume entitled "Dr. Johnson and Mrs. Thrale," by Mr. A. M. Broadley, with hitherto unpublished letters from Goldsmith, Boswell. Dr. Burney and Fanny Burney, Mrs. Siddons, and others, and also Mr*. Thrale s journal (now first published) of her Welsh tour with Johnson in 1774. • • ■ Caustic criticism of the English censor of plays has of late enjoyed free vent in connection with the sittings of the Parliamentary Commission appointed to consider the functions of that worthy guardian of stage morality. Mr. Bernard Shaw, leading the attack, pelts the unhappy Mr. Redford with characteristic epigrams. The censor seems to the author of " Man and Superman" to be a sort of anarchist: law is what one expects to get from a magistrate, but from the censor of plays one gets only the chaos of that official's mind. "The more the censorship is improved," is Mr. Shaw's lament, "the more it will stop the immoral play, which from my point of view is the only play worth writing. . . . I am a conscientiously immoral writer" — from which assertion it was later developed that by "im- moral " was meant nothing worse than "uncustom- ary." Mr. William Archer, another outspoken critic of the censorship, is reported as affirming that " the censor keeps serious drama down to the level of his own intelligence, and does not even pretend to keep the lighter drama up to the level of his own morality." Mr. Henry James assails the censor in a terrific example of his well-known involved syntax, and then calms down sufficiently to add, in plain language: "We rub our eyes, we writers, accustomed to freedom in all other walks, to think that the cause has still to be argued in England." Ought we to rejoice or to mourn that we have in America no offi- cial censor over whom to make merry and to wax epigrammatically sarcastic? • • • The vogue of the old-fashioned novel shows signs of revival. After an over-abundance of quick- lunch fiction, and the mental dyspepsia such hastily- gobbled fare is apt to produce, the leisurely many- course dinner — the orderly romance divided and subdivided into parts and books and chapters, and proceeding from proem to climax and from climax to conclusion with something of the unhasting slow- ness of life itself — is a welcome relief and a restful change. Not yet have we in this country or England reverted to the novel issued in monthly or quarterly parts, after the manner of Dickens's and Thackeray's longer stories; but in France one of the literary successes of the past few years has been M. Romain Rolland's "Jean Christophe," now in its seventh volume and in the third year of its instalment pub- lication, with no sign of satiety on its readers' part Long novels are not lacking in current English and American fiction, such as Mr. De Morgan's deliberately-moving tales and some of Mrs. Humphry Ward's and Mr. Churchill's books; but our publishers are wary about issuing them in any but the single- volume form. The prevalent English views and ten- dencies in this matter are discussed very pertinently elsewhere in this issue by our London correspondent, Mr. Clement K. Shorter, whose letters are hereafter to form a regular feature of The Dial. Choosing books for a public library is pleasant work for the choosers, but their wisdom is sure to be sharply challenged if the library con- cerned is situated in any wide-awake and independent community. More difficult still is it to select books, not for any particular public library, but for the average or the typical or the ideal public library. The annual '* Best Books of the Year " issued by the New York State Library — the exact title of the current number is "A Selection from the Best Books of 1908" — illustrates the impossibility of suiting all tastes in what is partly at least a question of taste. 224 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL A list of 250 of last year's books, marked in such wise as to indicate their several degrees of import- ance for the large, the medium, and the small public library, has been drawn up by the book board of the New York State Library. In any such list it is easy enough to point out noteworthy omissions and com- missions, so to speak. Messrs. Chesterton and Shaw are both coldly excluded. Mr. Frederic Harrison's "Realities and Ideals" receives no mention. Dr. W. Robertson Nicoll's "Ian Maclaren" fails to appear. Even Captain Amundsen's "Northwest Passage" is not deemed of sufficient importance to have a place in the list. Christina Rossetti's "Letters" and Dr. Schouler's "Idea's of the Republic" are also among the slighted. On the other hand, we have "The Cat and the Canary " and "Anne of Green Gables " — and so we will not yet despair of the republic. ... The usefulness of the newspaper reading- room in libraries is seriously questioned. Such a room is more than likely to be pretty well filled at all hours of the day and evening, especially the latter; but what class of readers are found there, and what lasting or even momentary good are they deriving from their attendance? A little mental and emotional titillation, perhaps, from the perusal of the reported crimes and casualties of the last twenty-four hours ; a little rest, in many cases, from the rigors of less comfortable loafing elsewhere; a little slumber, it may be, as the head bows in ap- parent study over the capacious sheet; and now and then a chance to chat surreptitiously, and to the greater or less annoyance of near neighbors, with an old crony. To better uses than these, no doubt, a few serious readers do put the room and its read- ing matter; but hear for a moment what lias been the Brooklyn Public Library's experience after withdrawing or curtailing these newspaper privi- leges. "On account of the large increase in attend- ance in the Periodical and Newspaper Reading Room the Chief Librarian recommended to the Trustees that the daily papers be no longer placed on open file. This was carried into effect, and, to the surprise of many, there has been practically no complaint on the part of the public, but instead an expression of satisfaction at the change. There has been a noticeable increase in women readers." As a means of raising the standard of reading, and also of readers, this simple and economic move has its commendable aspect. The Globe Playhouse of Shakespeare's London has long been a thing of history and tradi- tion only, and its site is now occupied by a brewery. On the 8th of this month a memorial tablet, to mark as nearly as possible the site of the old theatre, said to be the first built in London, will be unveiled by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree. The Shakespeare Reading Society, of which the eminent actor is president, took the initiative in this matter eighteen months ago. Dr. William Martin, F.S.A., has designed the tablet, which shows in relief Bankside in Shakespeare's time, the Globe Playhouse occupy- ing a central position, with the Thames and London Bridge in the background, and a medallion bust of Shakespeare in one corner of the tablet. The inscrip- tion reads: "Here stood the Globe Playhouse of Shakespeare, 1598-1613. Commemorated by the Shakespeare Reading Society of London and by subscribers in the United Kingdom and India." Destroyed by fire in 1613, the theatre was rebuilt in 1614, and it is this second structure that is com- monly associated with Shakespeare's name although he had nothing to do with it. The mural tablet will be affixed to the wall facing Park Street. The librarian's complex duties are far re- moved, in their range and variety and increasing difficulty, from the old-time conception of them as consisting merely in the careful custody of a collec- tion of books, the occasional loan of a desired volume, and the checking of the record when it is returned. A single paragraph from the latest Brooklyn Public Library Report will convey a hint of what modern librarianship means. Of the branch libraries we read: "The area which each branch library is sup- posed to serve is being studied from a sociological point of view; statistics of population, nationality, religion, wealth, congestion of population, public schools, labor unions, fraternal organizations, etc., are being compiled. Note is being made of classes of the community which the library does not reach; of classes of literature in which the branch appears to be weak, or overstocked ; of means that have been found efficacious in extending the influence of the library, and of plans that have not met with success." The Brooklyn Public Library, one of the largest and most active in the country, has now twenty-five branches, including the five new Carnegie buildings added last year, four stations, and one library for the blind, and four hundred and sixty-five travelling libraries. . , . A prodigiously prolific story-writer for boys and, between whiles, for adults has laid down his busy pen forever. George Manville Fenn, who died recently in his seventy-ninth year, was a veri- table prodigy for fertility of imagination and literary productiveness. His'stories for boys and novels for older readers numbered well over a hundred; prob- ably he himself could not have told how many he had written. He also contributed more than a thousand short tales and sketches to the magazines. With George A. Henty, the boys' historical novelist, he shared the favor of the book-reading youngsters of his own countiy, and to a large extent of oars also. They had the confidence of parents as safe guides for their boys through the enchanted land of heroic adventure. And now that the two Georges are gone, who can fill their places with their sorrowing readers? No one, of course; but other favorites will arise for other generations, and the store of innocent enjoyment in wholesome and hearty juvenile fiction 1909.] 225 THE DIAL will suffer no diminution. Mr. Fenn's literary activity nearly up to the time of his death, and his fondness for travel, for gardening, and for natural science, show him to have successfully resisted the benumbing tendencies of old age. A poet's romance that is just now attracting the attention of those who are fond of happily-ending love-stories comes to our notice from across the Atlantic. Mr. William Watson, at the sufficiently mature age of fifty-one, has wedded Miss Adeline Maureen Pring, of Howth, County Dublin, praised for her beauty, and, let us hope, in all other respects the fit wife for a poet. Thus has the author of "The Year of Shame" given additional expression to his interest in and sympathy for Ireland — "... the lovely and the lonely Bride Whom we have wedded bnt have never won." It will be not unnatural to ask oneself whether the lines "To a Lady " — an Irish lady she manifestly is — that introduce the above-named volume of poems, published thirteen years ago, were not ad- dressed to her who has now become the poet's wife. A new sheaf of verse is said to have been delivered to his publisher by the happy bridegroom, as he hastened from London to join the wedding party. Early publication of the epithalamic volume is announced. FROM LITERARY LONDON. (Special Correspondence of The Dial.) The whole book-trade of England has been very considerably agitated during the past three months by the question of the six-shilling novel and its future. It has long been insisted that for this country the sum of six shillings was too much to pay for a work of fiction that might be read in a few hours. It is true, of course, that not many years ago new novels were published here at five times the price, — that is to say, in three volumes for thirty-one shillings sixpence. That system of three volumes had much to be said for it: the full story of the rise and growth of the three-volume novel has never been told.* "Waverley," for example, the first great popular novel of the last century, was only in two volumes. Some of Sir Walter Scott's romances appeared in three volumes, and others in four volumes. Thackeray's "Vanity Fair," after it had been issued in parts, came out in one volume, although "Esmond " appeared in two. Dickens's novels, as we know, usually appeared in monthly parts. It was nearer our own day that the three-volume novel became an institution, and all book-collectors con- sider themselves happy if they possess certain of the novels of George Eliot, the Brontes, George •The story of its rise and growth, and of its fall, was told very entertainingly by Sir Walter Besant in The Dial for October 1, 1894, nnder the caption "The Rise and the Fall of the 'Three-Decker.'" — Edh. Thb Dial. Meredith, and, more recently, of Mr. Thomas Hardy and Mr. Henry James, in the three-volume form of their first editions. But before its final ex- tinction, the three-volume novel, although it was delightful for reviewers on account of its large type, had become an encumbrance to the booksellers and a burden to the libraries. It survived, apparently, because the late Mr. Charles Edward Mudie, wbo ran the greatest circulating library in London, had entered into a compact with three publishers of many novels in their day,—Tinsley, Bentley, and Hurst & Blackett,—by which he undertook to subscribe for a certain number of the novels issued by these firms. This arrangement considerably handicapped many of the younger publishing houses; and it was Mr. Heinemann who gave a death-blow to the system, by the publication of a novel of Mr. Hall Caine's in the six-shilling form. Mr. Heinemann has been destined, in this present year, to lead yet another movement in the direction of change, with what final result it is not possible at present to speak with any certainty. A few months ago Mr. Heinemann, in a speech addressed to book- sellers, declared that it was obviously unfair that a novel of forty thousand words should be sold at the same price as a novel of one hundred thousand words. Therein he gave a hint of a scheme that he was about to put into practice. There is no doubt that the custom of producing novels of few words for the same price as long novels was having a demoralizing effect on the book-trade. The worst examples that I can recall are a story by Miss Olive Schreiner, and another by Mr. Maurice Hewlett. This last, I may add, was issued as a six-shilling book in spite of a protest from the author. Mr. Heinemann, then, has launched his new scheme; and again Mr. Hall Caine is the hero. His latest novel, "The White Prophet," which consists of one hundred thousand words, has been issued in two volumes for four shillings. Mr. Heinemann has followed this by two short novels, in single vol- umes, at two shillings each. In a few weeks we are to have, in the same series, Mr. William De Morgan's "It Never Can Happen Again," in two volumes, for six shillings net, — this being a story of two hun- dred thousand words or more. As our booksellers are to get six shillings net for Mr. De Morgan's book, instead of the four shillings sixpence for which they usually sell a six-shilling novel, Mr. Heinemann will do very well if he sells as many copies as under the old system. So far, this second attempt at a revolution has not succeeded with the purchasers of fiction. Mr. Hall Caine's novel, "The White Prophet," is " hanging fire." As far as I can gather, thirty thousand copies were sold to the English market, and ten thousand to the colonies; but inquiries among booksellers make it clear to me that the public have not shown their usual alacrity in purchasing Mr. Hall Caine's book. This has been attributed in some quarters to a dislike of the two- volume form ; in others, to the many severe reviews which Mr. Caine's novel has provoked. I am more 226 THE DIAL [Oct. l, disposed to attribute it to the fact that the novel has appeared serially in the "Strand Magazine," and that Mr. Caine's readers are, in the main, readers of that excellent publication. However, Mr. Caine has congratulated himself on the fact that, after all, despite the critics — whom he calls "dead-heads" and " hangers-on " — he has sold more copies of his novel in the book-shops during this season than any other author. That does not seem a very remark- able fact, for no other author of any importance has published a novel in August or September. Mr. Caine's reference to "dead-heads " is doubt- less connected with the "review copy." Every London publisher has to give away at least a hun- dred copies of each of his novels, if he wants them to be widely reviewed. With other books he can keep the number down to sixty or eighty, and in some cases to forty; but no publisher would dream of sending out less than a hundred copies of a novel to the multitudinous newspapers of London and the Provinces. Mr. Caine has always demanded from his pub- lisher a much more extended generosity than this. With one of his earlier books, he sent nine copies to a single newspaper. Every member of that journal received a present of one. Doubtless he intends to alter this in the future, and I should not be at all surprised if he takes the course that has long been adopted by Miss Marie Corelli, and refuses with his next novel to send any copies to the newspapers for review. Miss Corelli, however, always took care that one or two good reviews of her books should appear. I particularly recall that Lord Burnham received a copy, with a request for a notice in the "Daily Telegraph," and that the notice was forth- coming. At the present time, when Miss Corelli publishes a new novel several of the newspapers buy copies in order to furnish their readers with reviews. It may be admitted that Mr. Hall Caine is one of the ioitunate writers who can do precisely what is done by Miss Corelli. Both novelists appeal to a huge non-literary class, and are not under the same conditions that guide the great majority of our authors struggling to obtain a public. Were pub- lishers to refuse to send books for review as a general practice, the authors — and particularly the male authors — would become frantically hysterical. I have referred to Mr. William De Morgan's new novel, "It Never Can Happen Again." Mr. De Morgan is a wonderful man, a little bit like the late Mr. George Meredith in appearance, with a kindly face and keen piercing eyes. He is a de- lightful talker, and enjoys the success which has come to him so late in life, — for he was sixty-seven years of age when his first novel, "Joseph Vance," appeared. He had b>>en an artist in a particular kind of tile during the intervening years, and had led a life of much happiness, although, perhaps, not of too much prosperity, alternating between a studio in The Vale, Chelsea, oppofite the home which Mr. Whistler once occupied, and Florence, where he wintered for his health year by year, until the day Mr. Heinemann published "Joseph Vance." The book had only been submitted to one previous pub- lisher; so even here he was fortunate. Each of his three novels, so far, have been great successes, in spite of their extraordinary length. Will the fourth novel be as successful in two volumes as the three others have been in one? is the question. I hope so, on many grounds; for I think Mr. Heinemann's two-volume form is very charming. Meanwhile it is worthy of notice that there are more six-shilling novels coming oat this season than ever before. The Macraillans, the Methuens, all our leading publishers of fiction, are sending them out in large quantities. A number of new pub- lishers have come upon the scene, and these also are running the six-shilling novel. One firm, named Mills & Boon, has sent me a great many lately; while another publisher. Mr. Andrew Melrose, has delighted me with one particular story, " The Wood- Carver of 'Lympus," by Mary E. Waller. Mr. J. M. Barrie and Mr. A. E. W. Mason have been spending some time together among the Swiss mountains at Zermatt. Whether or not this means collaboration in a new play, I cannot say. So far, Mr. Mason has not had any of Mr. Barrie's won- derful success as a playwright, although his novels have grown in popularity with the years. Three of our most popular novelists have just finished new stories. Mr. and Mrs. Kgerton Castle are calling their next novel '* The Panther's Cub," while Mr. Anthony Hope entitles his "The Second String." Mr. Anthony Hope has not, I think, been doing as good work lately as in the days when he published that fine romance " Rupert of H«*ntzau," and that powerful piece of analysis, "Quisante." Let us hope that "The Second String" will be of the old quality. Clement K. Shobtkr. London, September 20, 1909. COMMUNICA TIONS. m COMMENDATION OF A RECENT NOVEL. (To the Editor of The Dial.) As far as I have been able to find opportunity to compare my own judgments of current literary produc- tions with those of The Dial, I have usually felt much comforted by a general correspondence. When I have had any disagreement, it has been that The Dial is inclined to generosity in its judgments. This, however, is not only agreeable to readers but safe for the critic, since it is far better that a contemporary Bhould think too well of companions than that posterity should con- clude that one thought too ill of them. But in the last issue of The Dial I find an opinion of a recent novel that seems to me uot only incorrect in the measure assigned according to scale but also unfair in the scale employed. To this novel, "A Cer- tain Rich Man," is accorded the first mention in a series of reviews. I read that novel carefully more than a month ago, and I have been reflecting upou it ever since. Your reviewer has seemed unable to get out of his mind two facts, with which he chooses to handicap the 1909.] 227 THE DIAL author. He insists upon remembering that William Allen White has written boys' stories, and therefore credits him with much success in treating the early life of the hero; and he insists upon remembering that Mr. White is also a publicist, deeply concerned with the modern trend in political and economic matters, and somewhat pessimistic in his utterances. In consequence, the reviewer seems to suggest that the novelist is juve- nile and even naive, sensational and even denunciatory, in his representation of the grown man. Let me confess that upon opening the novel I expected to find it as the reviewer says it is. I intended to read it in an evening. But I did not find it superficial or sensational, juvenile or narrow. I spent a week reading and re-reading it, and still think the time well employed. The great novelist sits like a justice in court, atten- tive, silent, in white ermine; and he means to see things as they are. When, in his final deliverance, the novelist makes the reader feel that he would be glad to have such an eye see what is good in himself and such a voice tell it, but sorry to have him note and report what is evil, the novelist has succeeded, for he has con- vinced his reader. Such is the impression made upon myself by the author in this instance. No mere maga- zinist can do this, though the power to do it should not be a disqualification for magazine-writing! Probably if John Barclay is a caricature the novel will ultimately fail. In a general way, it reminds one of « Vanity Fair" and of " The Rise of Silas Lapham." It spreads a broad canvas and paints many figures upon that canvas; professional critics may say that it paints too many. But at the same time it does attempt to tell every phase of the process by which John Barclay, thinking that he rose, actually fell. It may be that many intimate relations with persons of great wealth — by blood and circumstance — have caused qualities in themselves and events in their affairs to seem natural to me that seem unnatural to persons who have not had this fate. Yet it is just at this point that I most heartily approve of the portraiture of the "certain rich man." The novelist does not fall into the demagoguery of asserting or even suggesting that John Barclay is the typical rich man. I can put my finger now upon men whose characters and careers have been notably li e his. I have seen souls shrivel as his shrivelled. I have seen fortunes made in the same tricky, absurd, painful and yet proud way; and 1 have seen rich men with hobbies like John's organ-playing, and in their senescence converted as he was. And yet I concede that if in a year or two public opinion in respect to this novel calls John improbable, then the novel may prove, like so many others, apparently ephe- meral. If so, it will be for two reasons: that the American reading public does not know some of its rich men, and fails to see how much larger is the novel than a simple life-story of one man. Even so, I believe that " A Certain Rich Man " will soon or late come to permanence for a great quality inadequately emphasized by your reviewer. There is a sweet purity in its women and in some of its men that is true to human nature at its best, the kind of human nature that of right belongs in novels. Whether we live in such fashion ourselves or not, we admire and love most of the lesser folks in this history. The Culpep- pers are not new, but they are charming. The mother of John Barclay has a Greek quality of aloofness and of supremacy. Unfortunately, few modern novelists care to present these beautiful and gracious characters. The reviewer suggests that there are some dull pages in this book. So they may be discovered in Hawthorne and in Shakespeare. There are traces of artificiality at times, but that is a fault to be shared with Thackeray and Dickens. One does sometimes hear a sound as of "pumping," and it is disagreeable. But George Eliot worked hard for some effects in ways that are still audible. "There is none perfect" is as true to-day as it was yesterday. Homer himself nods. It seems to me that the American reading public will take this book seriously and declare it one of the greatest novels of our soil. I hope so, for I believe that it will do good as a work of art, not merely as a disguised polemic. This is only one man's opinion, but I hold it strongly enough to write it out, and if need be to defend it. William Ebtabrook Chancellor. Nonoalk, Conn , Sept. 25, 1909. EPISTOLARY PLAGIARISM. (To the Editor of The Dial.) M. Alphonse Lefebvre, in his volume "La Celebre Inconnue de Prosper Merimee" (Paris, 1909), finds in the correspondence of the Inconnue, Mile. Jenny Dacquin, some interesting evidences that the lady considered MerimeVs letters her own property to an extent that allowed her, as M. Faguet phrases it, to issue "quelques petites secondes editions." Thus, in a letter dated Jan. 22d, 1860,Menniee informs Mile. Dacquin: "On m'a prfSM le pamphlet de men confrere Villemain, qui m'a paru d'une platitude extraordinaire. Quand on a essaye de faire un livre contre les Jesuites, quand on s'est vante de defendre la liberty de conscience contre l'omnipo- tence de l'Eglise, il est drfile de venir chanter la palinodie et d'employer de si pauvres arguments. Je Groin que tout le monde est devenu fou, excepts l'empereur, qui reasemble aux bergers du moyen age qui font danser les loups avec une flute magique." And on the 26th of January of the same year, Mile. Dacquin writes to her nephew: "Je suis indignee contre M. Villemain. Quand on a essay* de faire un livre contre les Jesuites et qu'on s'est vante de defendr* la liberty de conscience, il est drole de chanter la palinodie at d'employer de si pauvres arguments. II n'y a que l'empereur qui soit logique. II ressemble aux bergers du moyen age qui font danser les loups avec une flute magique." Faguet and Lefebvre assure us that such transplanta- tions are numerous in the Dacquin correspondence, and that there are still other passages which, in view of the fact that all of Me'rimee's letters to the now well-known "Unknown " have not been published, are suspicious in that they (to quote Faguet again) "ressemblent a du Merimee." I have just come upon a reference to similar freedom of appropriation under strikingly similar circumstances. Wilhelm von Humboldt maintained for two years a Platonic correspondence with Charlotte Diede. Letters of Madame Diede to relatives and friends have been preserved, and these letters, if we are to believe Albert Leitzmann, whose article, " Die Freundin Wilhelm von Humboldt's," appears in "Die Deutsche Rundschau" (Berlin) for August, contain clauses, sentences, and entire discussions, carried over bodily from Humboldt's letters to her. The temptation under such circumstances is naturally great, and similar instances are probably numerous. R. T. House. Weatherford, Oklahoma, September 24, 1909. 228 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL A IiATTEK-DAY EXGLISII NATURALIST.* For combined intensity and purity of pas- sion, Richard Jefferies has been compared with Shelley; for originality in observation and expression, and for a certain wayward inde- pendence united with an unmistakably English quality of sentiment and opinion, he has been likened to George Borrow. But these compari- sons are of little help; like all men of genius, Jefferies is unique, and to be understood he must be studied in his own books and in his recorded habits and pursuits. Such a study of him, more elaborate and sympathetic than has before been undertaken, has now been made by Mr. Edward Thomas in his " Richard Jefferies: His Life and Work," a substantial octavo, well illustrated, and pro- vided with a bibliography, a map, and an index. As a biography, and also a critical study, the book has merits which neither Sir Walter Besant's "Eulogy" nor Mr. Salt's excellent study of the naturalist possesses. In short, this new life of Jefferies is not super- fluous. There was oddity if not genius on both sides of the Jefferies family: the father is called "a funny-tempered man, full of unexpected likes and dislikes," and the mother is described as "generous, but irritable and queer." The elder Jefferies was fond of horticulture and floricul- ture, and was an adept in judging timber, whether felled or standing; while his wife was noted for her excellent butter and cheese. It was on the small farm managed by this able couple, at Coate, parish of Chisledon, in Wiltshire, that John Richard Jefferies (who in manhood called himself simply Richard Jefferies) was born on the sixth of November, 1848. His schooling, at Swindon and elsewhere near home, was cut rather short by the necessity or the advisability of his earning his own living. At seventeen we find him doing hack-work for the "North Wilts Herald," — " reporting, correct- ing manuscript and proofs, with a spice of reviewing and an unlimited amount of conden- sation." Thus he described his journalistic duties in a letter to an aunt. He wrote verses, too, with some music in them, and love stories distinguished, as the biographer says, for " much facility and exuberance of trashiness." Larger * Richard Jefferies: His Like and Work. By Kdward Thomas. With Illustrations and a Map. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. literary undertakings, historical and antiquarian essays and novels, followed in a few years ; and then came those rural sketches, contributed to various London periodicals, which were after- ward collected into volumes and now constitute the work for which chiefly he is known and admired. At about the age of twenty-seven he began to find himself, and the would-be novelist became gradually transformed into the student and interpreter of nature. Before he became absorbed in the book of nature, young Richard Jefferies was a great reader of printed books. Percy's " Reliques of Ancient Poetry " was a favorite of his when he was fifteen, and there were at Coate Farm many other old books accessible to him, and many more at his grandfather's house in Swindon. The " Odyssey " was much read by him in trans- lation; also "Don Quixote," Shakespeare's poems, and Filmore's " Faust." An old Ency- clopaedia was a mine of wealth, and it often lay open before him, especially at the article on Magic. Strangely enough, White's " Selborne" remained unknown to him until near the end of his life. Here let us introduce the biographer's picture of young Jefferies in his fretful days of ferment and vague desire. "But however bitter the days of poverty, loneliness, misunderstanding, and constraint, the time when he was sixteen and seventeen had probably as great sweetness as bitterness, since the two go together in their extremes at least as much at that as at any other age. They say that, though he often carried his gun, he was less and less fond of shooting after he was fifteen or so. Yet he would still bring home a snipe on a frosty day, or a jay's wing in the spring from Burderop. He hung about on stiles by Maxell and Great Maxell fields, on the footpath to Badbury Lane, or by the brooks, or on the Reservoir, or on the Downs, and dreamed and thought. With his finger on the trigger, he 'hesitated, dropped the barrel, and watched the beautiful bird,' and 'that watching so often stayed the shot that at last it grew to be a habit.'" The sensuousness of his ardent nature was free from grossness. An early passage in the biog- raphy calls attention to his delicacy of taste and sensibility. "' The Story of My Heart,' «The Dewy Morn," and all his later books, are full of proofs of his exquisite physical sensitiveness; but the physical was always akin to the spiritual as the flower to the perfume. His tastes were delicate. He smoked little; and he was a small drinker, taking not even a glass of porter for his dinner unless his reporting had been heavy. His sense of touch seems to have a soul of its own. To touch the lichened bark of a tree was to repeat his prayer for deeper soul- life. . . . The spirit exalted this sensuousness; the senses preserved the sweetness of the spirit. In another nature, senses so opulent, especially if aided by an im- 1909.] 229 THE DIAL perfect love, might have wrought their own destruction. But in Jefferies the senses perform always and only the functions of the soul, and the purity of his passion equals its fearlessness in whatever swoons and energies time may bring." The meaning of the last clause is a little obscure; and the biographer still remains tantalizingly vague when he goes on to illustrate the courage and spirit that went with this exquisite delicacy, by telling of a long fight the young man had with a soldier, in which " he held his own; but as they were shaking hands at the end, his enemy struck a treacherous blow that sent him home with a broken nose." However, there are other and better evidences in his life-story that Richard Jefferies was no molly-coddle, and our liking for his books and himself need be dimin- ished by no want of respect for his sturdiness of character. In 1874 Jefferies was married to Miss Jessie Baden, of Day House Farm, and the two lived for a short time at the Coate homestead, then for two years at Swindon, and after that on the outskirts of London, where the open fields and the green woods were not too far away, and the publishers, the bookshops, and the libraries were sufficiently near. Here may be given a part of our natu- ralist's doctrine* of right living, as put into the mouth of his " Gamekeeper at Home." '"It's indoors, sir, as kills half the people; being indoors three parts of the day, and next to that taking too much drink and vittals. Eating's as bad as drinking; and there ain't nothing like fresh air and the smell of the woods. You should come out here in the spring, when the oak timber is thro wed (because, you see, the sap be rising, and the bark strips then), and just sit down on a stick fresh peeled — I means a trunk, you know — and sniff up the scent of that there oak bark. It goes right down your throat, and preserves your lungs as the tan do leather. And I've heard say as folk who work in the tan yards never have no illness. There's always a smell from the trees, dead or living. I could tell what wood a log was in the dark by my nose; and the air is batter where the woods be. The ladies up in the great house sometimes goes out into the fir planta- tions—the turpentine scents strong, you see—and they say it's good for the chest; but, bless you, you must live in it. People go abroad, I'm told, to live in the pine forests to cure 'em: I say these here oaks have got every bit as much good in that way.'" Besides the book just quoted from, mention must be made of those other " country books" that constitute Jefferies s best claim to remem- brance, — " Wild Life in a Southern County," "The Amateur Poacher," "Round About a Great Estate,' '■ Nature Near London," "The Life of the Fields," "The Open Air," and the posthumous " Field and Hedgerow." In auto- biographic value "The Story of My Heart" comes first, while "The Dewy Morn" and "Bevis: the Story of a Boy " afford insight into the writer's mind and heart. The struggle with incurable disease during the last six years of Richard Jefferies's life, and his early death in 1887, make a sad story. Why this man of the open air and the fresh fields, of high thought and noble purpose, should have fallen a victim to the foul malignancy of an abdominal abscess, is one of the baffling mys- teries. The persistency with which he held him- self to his work, dictating to his wife when he could no longer hold a pen, is touching to read about, and was wholly worthy of him. But the regret grows that he could not have been spared to the present time — he would be only sixty- one if he were alive now — when he might well be doing his best work and writing from a wealth of experience and observation that would make even the best of his now extant productions seem of inferior quality. Faults of irrelevancy and carelessness and repetition might have been cor- rected, occasional dulness avoided, and a more unflagging human interest imparted to his page. From Mr. Thomas's closing chapter, containing a recapitulation of the life and work of Jefferies, we select a final quotation. "He enjoyed, simply and passionately, his own life and the life of others, and in his books that enjoyment survives, and their sincerity and variety keep, and will keep, them alive; for akin to, and part of, his gift of love was his power of using words. Nothing is more mysterious than this power, along with the kindred powers of artist and musician. It is the supreme proof, above beauty, physical strength, intelligence, that a man or woman lives. . . . Jefferies' words, it has been well said, are like a glassy covering of the things described. But they are often more than that: the things are for- gotten, and it is an aspect of them, a recreation of them, a finer development of them, which endures in the written words." This, and more like it, is a bit fantastical and forced, and it illustrates Mr. Thomas's chief fault as exhibited in his book: he is not seldom vague and fanciful and obscure, and one doubts whether he always clearly knows what he is try- ing to say. But much could easily be pardoned in so good a biography as he has given us. In the appended Bibliography, space might well have been spared for last year's English and American republication (with colored plates) of "The Open Air " and " The Life of the Fields," especially as some other reprints are noted. Among the portraits in Mr. Thomas's book are three of Richard Jefferies, two of his father, two of his mother, and one of his paternal grand- mother — all full of character. Percy F. Bicknell. 230 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL On the Spibality of the Cosmos.* The ponderous work on " Design in Nature," by Dr. J. Bell Pettigrew, is probably the most extensive and serious single contribution to humorous literature which has appeared in recent years. It stands unique at this day and age. To find its peers, in respect of both matter and manner, one must go back to the period when the " Bridgewater Treatises " flour- ished. For the task which the author sets him- self is no less than "to trace design, order, and purpose in the inorganic and organic king- doms, especially the latter." In order to do this he gathers together in the space of some 1400 well-printed quarto pages, elaborately illus- trated with about 2000 pictures, a most extra- ordinary collection of miscellaneous intellectual junk. One passes with absolutely no logical con- necting links from the morphology of protozoa to a discussion of methods of artificially produc- ing electricity; from the distribution of seeds to the movements of the stomach; from water- spouts to Kant's Kritik and Greek archaeology; and so on indefinitely. As an example of the possibilities in the way of the inclusion in one book of a great range of absolutely unrelated topics, it leaves Disraeli's " Curiosities of Liter- ature " far behind, and presses close on the dic- tionary and the encyclopaedia. In his reasoning the author is naive to a de- gree. He confuses absolutely definiteness of structure with "design." To him anything which has a definite structure is by virtue of that fact proof of "design" in the theological sense of the word. Since most things in the universe do have a definite form and structure, the wonder really is not that our author devoted three quarto volumes to illustrations in support of his thesis, but rather that he did not find it necessary to use thrice thirty-three. In partic- ular, Dr. Pettigrew was impressed by the uni- versality of spirals in the cosmos. You have them (to take some of the illustrations given) in waterspouts and whales, goats and gizzards, moths and men, and in a vast variety of other things inorganic and organic. Whence we are to conclude that spirality is a divine inspiration, and that we have here a proof of design. •DmoM in Nature. Illustrated by Spiral and other Arrangements in the Inorganic and Organic Kingdoms as exemplified in Matter, Force, Life, Growth, Rhythms, etc., especially in Crystals, Plants, and Animals. With Examples selected from the Reproductive, Alimentary, Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous, Muscular, Osseous, Loconiotory, and other Systems of Animals. By J. Bell Pettigrew, M.D., etc. Illustrated by nearly 2000 figures. In three volumes. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. The utter absurdity of this spiral philosophy is evident if the author's general method of reasoning is stripped of all unnecessary verbiage and set forth in a series of simple propositions in the directly personal style cultivated through- out the book. Thus we have: 1. In the inorganic world many things have a spiral form or structure (proved by pages of text and illustrations). 2. Many plants and animals show a spiral form or structure in some of their parts or organs (likewise proved by copious illustration in text and figures). 3. When you think about this apparent coincidence it seems very remarkable, — now doesn t it, really? 4. The longer I (the author) think about it, the more remarkable it seems, and the less a coincidence. In fact, I feel it to be a very deep and precious thought, quite beyond the ability of my mind to fathom. 5. Therefore — laus Deo! — it is not a coincidence, but a direct proof that Evolution is a snare and a delusion, and that nothing in the universe can "be explained as apart from pre- arrangement, design and a Designer." Such a method of argumentation takes one back to the good old days when a similar kind of reasoning was able to " prove " that the sun moved in an earth-centred orbit. It is as mediaeval as any cathedral. Seriously, it is a matter for sincere thankful- ness that the time is forever past when such a book as this can exert any significant influence on the thought or action of men. Mankind is perhaps more truly and deeply religious to-day than ever before. But men are educated, too. It is not demanded any more that to consort with Religion one must forswear Reason. One can only have respect for the enormous amount of labor that must have gone into the prepara- tion of these volumes; they represent nearly a life-time's work. Yet at the same time one can- not but feel it a pity that this labor should have been so largely wasted, because of an entire misconception on the author's part of what has been the effect on human thought, and on the outlook of men on life, of the tremendous advance of science during the last fifty years. The day has passed when anyone can persuade men to a belief in a Higher Power by arguing that the Creator shows His infinite wisdom by fashioning men and corkscrews on the same plan. Raymond Pearl. 1909.] 231 THE DIAL The Domestic IjIfe of Richard Wagner.* Mr. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, in his remarkable book on the Life and Works of Wagner, divides that life into two equal parts. Wagner was born in 1818, during the agitations accompanying the close of Napoleon's stormy career; when that sun set, a new one arose in a more extended and beneficent sphere. He died in 1883, having attained his three-score and ten in the full vigor of his powers. Men are now generally agreed that" Parsifal " shows no decline of creative energy or artistic skill. Mr. Chamberlain considers his first thirty-five years as his Lehrjahre; his Meisterschqft fills the remainder of his allotted span; his Wander period is an irregular and interrupted time, which terminates with the definite settlement at Bayreuth. Wagner himself is authority for the state- ment that a man of exceptional abilities should not marry young; and Shakespeare is seem- ingly of the opinion that" a young man married is a young man marred." Wagner was united in wedlock to Christine Wilhelmina Planer, an actress, in 1836, when he was twenty-three years old; she was probably a few years his senior. She seems to have been an admirable woman enough, and while she had various stage engage- ments she never reached any real distinction in her art. Her early opportunities for educa- tion were limited, and her intellectual develop- ment quickly reached the line beyond which she refused to go. She was not of a sympa- thetic disposition, and she had nothing of the diplomacy which is capable of transforming a difficult situation into a triumph of her own cause. The case is a sufficiently clear one. Wagner, the exceptional man of his place and period, has an exceptional law and method of intellectual development. The wife, with the best of inten- tions, is unable to keep the pace; she at length falls hopelessly behind, and her pain and dis- appointment fail of the alleviation which they demand. His letters to her show the husband in an habitual mood of amiably meeting various complaints, pacifying evident distress, attempt- ing to come to terms wherever possible. The trouble was not one that could permanently be allayed; on the contrary, the passage of the years could only augment it. Wilhelmina belonged to those who found the New Opera beyond their * Richard to Minna Wagnbr. Letters to his First Wife. Translated, prefaced, etc., by William Ashton Ellis. New York: Charles Scribner's Sous. comprehension, and she allowed her appreciation of her husband's life-work to wane; he makes heroic attempts to bring her peace, but the gulf between them only widens. With conditions such as these, the inevitable of course enters on the scene. The controversy that raged about the composer brought him partisans whose loyalty intensified with the prog- ress of the contest. Wagner himself had no doubts about his position and purposes; the bitter utterances found in his letters are thus to be explained. In comparison with the extra- ordinary idea of the opera which dominated Wagner, the work of his contemporaries appeared to him in many ways a degradation of the art. His innovations penetrated into all the departments of music. He was also the first great man to prove himself great in both music and drama. His plays, as such, are distinct additions to stage literature of the first rank. During his years of struggle and misunderstand- ing, he needed friends and helpers; he found them, and he grappled them to himself with hooks of steel. The influence that now makes itself vital in the composer's experience differs toto coelo from that of " Minna" Wagner, the wife; more and more, as the letters show, the serious intentions of Wagner are omitted from his communications with her. The indications of decreasing sym- pathy are plain. With Mathilde Wesondonck, however, the exact reverse is the fact. During his life at Zurich, Wagner had met the Weson- doncks, and a close intimacy ensued; Mathilde Wesondonck, a writer of plays and poems, enjoying the wealth and distinction which her husband had given her, became the friend of the great musician, and entered deeply into his labors and intentions. The contrast between the letters written to the two women is very great. Living habitually on the same plain with the composer, associating intimately with him in his artistic and intellectual pursuits, Frau Wesondonck understood his genius and foresaw his ultimate triumph. Mr. Ashton Ellis, the translator of the newly-published letters of Wagner to his wife Minna, has strong words to say on the dignity and purity of this friendship. Into Wagner's enlarging theory of his work, into his many and vigorous defences of his innova- tions, into his readings in philosophy, his ab- sorption in the views of Schopenhauer, where his wife wholly lost sight of him, Mathilde Wesondonck entered as a guide and mentor, and, with a woman's swift intuition, was often at the goal before Wagner found himself there. 232 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL. The situation was no doubt critical, and Minna Wagner had but little capability for dealing with it. The wife died in 1866 ; but before that time the rupture with her husband was complete. Meanwhile, Wagner had passed into a period of spiritual revolt. The pessimism of Schopenhauer, the study of Oriental Mysticism with its denial of the reality of the world, the profound (at first) appreciation of Wagner by Nietsche, led to the consequences which were naturally to be expected. The Superman lives in a realm that is beyond morals; the conventions and scruples that limit other men are not for him. Wagner had his reasons for placing himself with the Zoroasters and Napoleons of the world. The relation with Cosima Wagner, however, did not begin until after the death of Minna; and it terminated institutionally, which was in conso- nance with the life at Bayreuth, and the serene close of a checkered career. The letters of Richard Wagner constitute a history of his intellectual life astonishing and unique. No one has more freely expressed him- self in this form. The letters to Minna show him in the intimate relations of the family; the letters to Mathilde Wesondonck display his hopes, his aspirations, the highest flights.of his intelligence; the letters to Liszt his artistic strivings and theories; those to Uhligand Fischer and Heine, his vicissitudes and conflicts and triumphs as a musician. The exceptional man, the genius ahead of his time, the builder of the next advance, can here be studied in his own words and at close range. Here are human documents of inestimable value. The letters often exhibit Wagner in moods of gayety, and they are full of expressions of affection. This is from Dresden: "That's just the waj! I have been obliged to sus- pend writing a whole day; but you know it of old. . . . Lindenau called again, and the Rottorf, who greatly dislikes my being disturbed when at work, mistook the Premier Minister for a vagabond, and denied me to him; the poor man had to depart, leaving behind him a couple of lines, in which he begged me to call on him as soon as possible. The Rottorf was frightened out of her wits when she learnt that it had been the Minister; whilst I had to dress and make off to him myself. He had shown my composition to the King, and the latter had sat down to the piano at once, played it straight through, and expressed his great delight with it. . . . "If you could only see me in my lovely summer cos- tume! It's a perfect joy; only I made a bad choice with the violet gloves, for when I pulled them off for the first time, and was pointing with my finger on the bill of fare, the waiter bounded back iu horror for my whole hand looked just like a gigantic violet, the gloves had shed their dye so." Here is a skit written on his birthday: "T wag in the lovely month of May, That Richard Wagner burst his shell; Therein had he prolonged his stay His best friends think it were as well." The nature of the difficulty between the hus- band and wife is indicated by the following: "When I came home profoundly vexed and agitated by some new annoyance, a fresh mortification, another failure, what did my wife bestow on me in lieu of com- fort and uplifting sympathy? Reproaches, fresh re- proaches, nothing save reproaches! Homekeeping by nature, I remained in the house for it all; but at last, no no longer to express myself, convey my thoughts, and receive invigoration, but to hold my tongue, let my trouble eat into my soul, and be — alone! This eternal restraint under which I had lived so long already, and which never allowed me to let myself quite go, on one side, without occasioning the fiercest scenes, weighed me down and wore away my health. What is the bodily tending you by all means lavished on me against the mental needed for a man of my inner excitableness? Does my wife remember, perhaps, how coldly she once prevailed upon herself to nurse me on a bed of sickness a whole week without affection, because she could not forgive me a hasty expression before my illness?" A series of concerts which he conducted in London gave him little satisfaction. About this he writes as follows, in his bitterness against conditions in the world of music there: "The concert itself put me out to the last degree. I can't go into everything that annoyed me at it; enough to say, the one thing lacking is that I should have to conduct ' Martha' again; such a programme came very near it. While conducting an aria from the ' Huguenots' and a miserable overture by Onslow—an Englishman— I was seized by suoh disgust and remorse, that it got the better of me, and I made up my mind to demand my definite discharge next day." His friends dissuaded him, over a supper, from this step. He tells his wife this, and continues: "So be easy about me; I shan't have so severe an attack of the dumps again, I hope. But it was the most idiotic concert of them all; a mawkish symphony by one of the directors; then a fearfully tedious nonett by Spohr; a completely insignificant overture by Weber, which — to make things worse — had to be gi ve da capo, as I had conducted it too finely; to conclude, the trashy overture by Onslow. Neither did the symphony in A go so well as at Zurich by a long way; such an English orchestra simply is not to be worked into an ecstasy!" Wagner, in a Preface to a publication of his plays — the Flying Dutchman, Tannhaeuser, Lohengrin, — had made some frank statements in regard to his early marriage, to which Minna Wagner, perhaps naturally, objected. He thus defends himself: "Now see, dear child, when I wished to give people a notion of the genesis of my works, and consequently of my psychological development, I could not pass over such a momentous crisis in my life as that which attaches to our union, without remaining unintelligible. It would have been foolish and entirely opposed to my real object, if I had sought to narrate our love-tale at full 1909.] 233 THE DIAL length; all I required was just a few brief strokes to indicate an episode of some importance, which, for that matter, occurs in the life of many, nay, of most men, and need be only briefly touched because one presup- poses that everyone knows well enough what here is meant; to wit, the necessary consequences of a youthful marriage contracted at the behest of passion, without calm consideratiou of outer circumstances, against all obstacles and objections raised by that practical common- sense which foresees trouble." Of the translation of these letters, made by Mr. Ellis, nothing but good can be said; it is of course what we have a right to expect from so practised a hand. Occasionally the translator attempts the exact reproduction of a German idiom in his English, with the result of leaving the reader who is unacquainted with the foreign tongue in doubt as to what is meant. In his own notes and prefaces he seems to attach the blame — if this is at all to be suggested — to the wife in greater degree than to the husband; but here every reader must come to his own conclusions. Mr. Ellis has done heroic work in presenting Wagner to the English-speaking public; he has made a rendering of Wagner's elaborate writings in prose, he has reproduced the voluminous and accepted Life by Glasenapp, he has translated the various volumes of letters already published, and he promises a volume of the familiar letters to Wagner's blood relatives. His prefaces and notes are illuminating read- ing; his discipleship is tempered by a sense of historical proportion, and with varied sympathy for the many conflicting interests involved. The students of Wagner must count him among the chief of those who, like Glasenapp, Muncker, Wolzogen, Tappert, Chamberlain, have done their best to report the Master aright to posterity. The publishers have made two fine volumes, with interesting portraits. The books contain what is needed to make their reading easy and profitable to the scholar. Louis James Block. Mrs. Humphry Ward has just forwarded to Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co., for use in their forthcoming complete subscription edition of her works, an interesting introduction to "The History of David Grieve." The scenes of Mrs. Ward's novels are almost all taken from actual places which the author has known and loved. Thus, a visit to a farm on the Kinderscout furnished the material for the opening chapter of "David Grieve," a season spent at Hampden House in Buckinghamshire gave the original of Mellor Park in "Marcella," and a village near Crewe gave the scenes of "Sir George Tressady." "Helbeck of Banisdale " was the result of a summer spent in the delightful home of Captain Bagot of Levens Hill near Kendal, and summers in Italy and Switzerland gave the scenery for " Lady Rose's Daugh- ter," "Eleanor," and, to a less degree, "The Marriage of William Ashe." Mrs. Ward will write an explanatory intro- duction for each volume of the new edition, besides carefully revising her work. From Arctic Ice to Irish Summer.* Although the recent achievements claimed by Cook and Peary have thrown the exploits of other Arctic explorers into temporary eclipse, there is room for such a book as "Conquering the Arctic Ice," by Mr. Ejnar Mikkelsen, one of the most recent of Arctic voyagers, whose story now appears for the first time in print. He and Ernest de Koven Leffenwell were on the first Baldwin-Ziegler expedi- tion in 1901, and at that time resolved to organize an expediton of their own. Various difficulties, how- ever, prevented their carrying out their plans until 1905. In that year these young men, assisted finan- cially by many friends — notably the Duchess of Bedford, the father of Mr. Leffenwell, the Royal Geographical Society, and the American Geograph- ical Society — fitted out a small ship, and in 1906 started northward to prove or disprove the theory that land existed north of Alaska, and to explore Beaufort Sea. In the spring of 1907, after the wrecking of their ship the "Duchess of Bedford" during the previous hard winter, they organized an extended ice-trip which partly attained the object of their search. Having ascertained that the deep water close to the Alaskan coast precluded any land to the northward, at least not within such a distance of the coast as could be reached witli dogs and sledges over the pack-ice, the author, hard driven by many accidents, returned to civilization by way of Alaska, fairly satisfied with the results of his strenuous efforts. His companion remained in the North to pursue further scientific studies. Mr. Mikkelsen's sledge journey of three thousand miles is said to be the longest ever made by an explorer. His story is simply and modestly told, and will be read with interest especially for its account of the natives whose characters and customs he had abundant opportun- ities to study. Those who are in the habit of regarding these natives as a low type of savages will do well to turn to Mr. Mikkelsen for enlightment. A large number of illustrations, many of them made from photographs taken by members of this party, add to the interest and verity of the work. Major-General Greely has rightly and modestly •Conquering the Abctic Ice. By Ejnar Mikkelsen. Illustrated. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co. Handbook of Alaska. Its Resources, Products, and Attractions. By Major-General A. W. Greely, U. 8. A. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Seekers in Sicily. By Elizabeth Bisland and Anne Hoyt. Illustrated. New York: John Lane Co. Days in Hkllas. Rambles through Present-day Greece. By Mabel Moore. Illustrated. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co. In Unknown Tuscany. By Edward Hutton; with notes by William Heywood. Illustrated in col. r, etc. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. ASummerinTouraine. By Frederic Lees. Illustrated in color, etc. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. A Holiday in Connemara. By Stephen Gwynn, M.P. Hlnstrated. New York: The Macmillan Co. One Irish Summer. By William Eleroy Curtis. Illus- trated. New York: DufBeld & Co. 234 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL entitled his book on Alaska a " Handbook." It is a handbook in so far as it gives in a condensed way the widely scattered and reliable data concerning our far northwestern possessions; but it is more than a compilation, for it has the enlivening and absorbing interest that comes from a first-hand observation of the land described. General Greely is peculiarly fitted to write just such a book. His extensive experience and travel in Alaska make him almost our sole authority on the diverse conditions existing there. He has made six visits to Alaska, has twice traversed the great Yukon Valley, visiting Fairbanks and Prince William Sound twice, and Nome thrice. Moreover, as the highest military commander on two occasions, and as the supervisor of the Alaskan Military Telegraph System of 4500 miles of land lines, with submarine cables and wireless stations, he has had unusual opportunities to gather data of his own, and to weigh the information gathered by other scientists and tourists. Hence there is an accuracy in his details about the resources, products, and attractions of Alaska, and an illuminating touch in his descriptions of the aspects of social, industrial, educational, commercial, political, and agricultural life there. Twenty-seven chapters of text, eight maps showing Alaska in relief, with views of the timber lands, the mining districts, and the ranges of the larger Alaskan animals, and twenty-four full- page illustrations from unusually good photographs, present Alaska in all its varied aspects. There is hardly a page that will not enlighten the reader, and there are few that will not surprise him with some novel information. How many persons know, for instance, that Alaska is not arctic in its climate? The extremes of latitude and longitude in Alaska find their parallel in Europe between Norway and Sicily and from western France to central Russia. It is interesting to note, too, that the coldest month of the year at Sitka (31.4 degrees) closely corre- ponds with the coldest month of St. Louis (31.6 degrees). But it has not always been so. "The rigors of the past climate are strikingly illustrated by the great depths to which the ground is frozen. In the Nome region a shaft has been sunk 120 feet without reaching ground free from frost, and near Dawson the earth was found frozen to a depth of 200 feet." General Greely has performed a task, in writing this handbook, that will be of great ser- vice to tourists and prospectors, and will do much to remove our general ignorance about Alaska. Miss Elizabeth Bisland and Miss Anne Hoyt, masquerading as "Jane " and " Peripatetica," went to Sicily as seekers for the dead body of a great civilization, using their Theocritus oftener than their Baedeker, and waiting in the cold springtime for the coming of Persephone ''laden with leaves and flowers and the waving corn." Every step they took stirred up wraiths of myths and history, and reminded them of Proteus rising from the sea, and of old Triton blowing his wreathed horn. The theatrical scenery of Taormina, the bones and stones of Syracuse, the temples of ancient Girgenti, "the nicest place" in Sicily, and the land of Goethe's "das Land, wo die Citronen bltth'n," Palermo, were visited in turn,— not in the Cook-dug channel manner, but in the leisurely fashion that befits the well-read and curi- ously inclined traveller. In many places in their charming book, "Seekers in Sicily," the authors strike the true Pagan note, though they are not always inclined to believe all they see and hear. The ear of Dionysius, for instance, is tested for them by their guide in large and vibrant tones; but when they try the "whispering ear" in flat American tones, the echo fails. When they have proved the power of the wonderful ear by using a staccato voice, Peripatetica reflects, after the manner of Words- worth, "that one has to address life like that if one is to get a clear reply—to address it crisply, definitely, with quick inflections. Level, flat indefin- iteness will awake no echoes." Thus seriousness and playfulness go together in this happy visit to the fields of old renown, and provide a very readable book of travel. A unique feature of the book is the designs upon the cover and at the heads of chapters. Each design is some tribal totem of the original inhabitants of Sicily, which are still considered tokens of good luck. To readers who are inclined to associate books on Greece with ruins, excavations, inscriptions, and monuments, Miss Mabel Moore's volume entitled "Days in Hellas" will be a pleasing surprise. Miss Moore finds Greece a lively place in the midst of ancient glory. With a kindly feeling toward modern Greece, and a reverential respect for the past, the author views that land with a curious com- mingling of the ancient and the present times. Mount Pentelcos, for instance, is seen with its "twice-scarred brow," the one scar caused by the emissaries of Pericles, the makers of the Parthenon, and the other scar made by "Marmor Limited," a modern company engaged in supplying the world with Pentelic marble. The delineation of Greek character leaves little to be wished for, in spite of the modest statement in the author's preface that "the present volume is not offered in any sense as a study of Greek life or Greek character." Miss Moore has satisfied us that the lay reader who enjoys a medley of Greek life, with its gods and heroes mixed with its modern aspects, more than he does a treatise on archaeology, will find pleasure in this charming book. Mr. Edward Hutton, the author of " In Unknown Tuscany," and his friend Mr. William Heywood who annotated the book, are, accordingto Mr. Hutton, very different in temperament and had very different intentions in visiting Mont 'Aminta in Central Italy. For Mr. Heywood, "the fact was everything; for me it was little compared with the right expression of what I myself felt and saw." Hence Mr. Hutton dreams his dreams and sees his visions of the extra- ordinary beauty of the land, while Mr. Heywood, out of his abundant knowledge of Sienese history, gives a base and a substance to the book by way of noting the more prosaic historical facts. Legendary 1909.] 235 THE DIAL lore, villa life, feudalistic tales and fanatical fictions, all of which abound in Tuscany — a land which few know well and none can comprehend — appeal to the author, who recounts his story in a style more graceful and easeful than is usually found in books of travel. Tuscany is a desolate land, says the author, but it "possesses a marvellous and virile beauty beyond almost any other part of Italy. How well we have loved and understood the almost femi- nine loveliness of Uinbria, for instance, or the laughing country about Florence, the lines of the hills there as expressive as in a picture by Sandro Botticelli. . . . Here alone we may find, if we will, something of the profound and passionate beauty of Castile, the virility of the desert, the mystery and tyranny of the sun." Of the ways of the people of the mountains, Mr. Hutton writes in a manner that makes the reader for the time a traveller in unknown realms; and when the book closes with the life- history of David Lazzaretti, the new Messiah, the reader is prone to believe in all that has been written of the martyr of Mont 'Aminta and to dis- regard all the cold facts recorded by historians and note-makers. Eight color and twenty-four monotone illustrations afford a sympathetic undertone for the book. Notwithstanding Henri Beyle's statement that •'la belle Touraine n'existe pas" that Touraine is a mere figment of the brain (a disparagement which can only be matched by a similar paradoxical assertion about Yarrow by Wordsworth), Mr. Frederic Lees and a companion found a tangible though evan- escent Touraine that furnished an enjoyable summer for them, and provided Mr. Lees with sufficient ma- terial, historical, legendary, picturesque, and archi- tectural, for his very charming book entitled "A Summer in Touraine." Few travel books afford more pleasant entertainment than this delightful sketch of sojourns among the castles and chateaux of Central France. Blood-stained Blois, royal Am boise, treasonable Loches, Chinon, Luynes, Tours, and stainless Chenonceaux, with its tales of Diana of Poitiers, Mary Stuart, Gabrielle and Francoise de Mercosur, of youth and love and poetry, are among the many places visited and described. Even the old story of the treasure of Montre'sor is retold in a fascinating way. Though the author in his preface says that the initial purpose of his book is to pro- vide "intellectual baggage" for those who purpose to travel in the Indre-et-Loire and the adjoining departments of France, we cannot permit him to classify Iiis book as a mere guide-book. Yet anyone who wishes to read up on the splendid old buildings of the Touraine district, and wishes to know how to make the trip by motor-car or otherwise, will find the volume of unusual interest and value. The fire- side traveller too will find that Mr. Lees's account is so accurate and vivid, and his style so pleasing, that he can travel con amove with the author. Twelve illustrations in color, over fourscore other illustra- tions, and an excellent map, enhance the beauty and usefulness of the volume. Mr. Stephen Gwynn is well known for his several worthy literary activities and for his keen interest in all that pertains to Ireland. Of his own native Donegal he has written charmingly, almost poeti- cally; and hence one reads the title of his latest book, "A Holiday in Connemara" with pleasurable anticipations. As a member of the Royal Com- mission, Mr. Gwynn went to Iar Connacht to gather facts for a detailed statistical account of the eco- nomic and social conditions of the most congested part of Ireland; but he spent many hours following the streams for fish and the byways for ancient lore. Hence his book gives us a medley of land-lore, folk- lore, and fishing-lore, with a dash here and there of economic wisdom. It is not unlikely that the author considered it unwise to write too fully of the actual conditions of the country, as information on that subject will be presented to Parliament in a more prosaic form. Two salient points are made by Mr. Gwynn, however, regarding the conditions in this lamentably poverty-stricken district. First, remit- tances from America chiefly suffice to keep the inhabitants above ground ; and secondly, a sweeping redistribution of the population must be made before Ireland will thrive. Had Mr. Gwynn written more chapters like those on " Killary and Loug na Fooey," "Sunset on Killary," "On the Shores of Lough Mask," and '• Iorras Mor," he would have enter- tained the reader with his truer talent — the power of vivid description. For in this picturesque though melancholy country the people are more picturesque than in most parts of Ireland. The illustrations in the book are well chosen, and typical of the land and the people. Another book on Ireland, dealing with the eco- nomic rather than the picturesque features of the country, is given us by Mr. William Eleroy Curtis, the well-known traveller and correspondent. In the summer of 1908 Mr. Curtis visited Ireland at the instance of a syndicate of American newspapers to investigate the economic evolution going on in that land of poverty and happiness, and now publishes the results of his observations in his book entitled "One Irish Summer." Uidike many writers who are called upon to deal with the dry facts of the "dismal science" of economics, Mr. Curtis has the faculty of making statistics and formal information assume a not unpleasing aspect Moreover, he is so well-informed on his subject from an historical point of view, and has so thoroughly assimilated his knowledge, that he is by no means dependent on dry facts and figures to give light and warmth to his discussions. Though the study of the redemp- tion of the people from poverty is Mr. Curtis's pri- mary theme, he is not amiss in studying Ireland as a land of story and humor, of beauty and pleasure, and of native traits and customs. His three months in the country appear to have furnished him abund- ant opportunity for going every where and writing about everything likely to interest the student of Irish affairs, or the casual trifier who lands at Queenstown and scurries round to Cork, Killarney, 236 THE DIAL [Oct. l, Dublin, Belfast, the Giants' Causeway, and thence to Scotland or England. No one who has ever vis- ited the Green Isle will be disappointed in reading this book, and no one who contemplates a visit there can find a better introduction to it. H. E. Coblentz. Recent Fiction.* Unhappily named and ungainly in appearance, filling nearly six hundred pages of close typography, opening in a way that promises to tax the reader's endurance, and concerned from beginning to end with mean or commonplace characters, not one of whom is tricked out with the attributes that are com- monly thought necessary to arouse sympathy and retain interest, "The Old Wives' Tale," by Mr. Arnold Bennett, is nevertheless a remarkable work of fiction, a book of such sincerity, truthfulness, and insight as to make the ordinary novel seem hope- lessly shallow and artificial by comparison. Coming to us unheralded in the slack season, it proves to be the most significant novel of the summer, and prob- ably of a much longer period. The Staffordshire town of Bursley, typical of the provincial life of mid-England, is the place, and the time is the stretch of years from the middle to the end of the nineteenth century. The stage-setting puts before our eyes a draper's shop in the central square of the town, and here our attention remains fixed, save for the single shifting of the scenery which gives us Paris for a contrast. The proprietor of the shop is a bed-ridden paralytic; his wife is a masterful person who directs the business with the help of Mr. Povey, the shop- assistant, and a dependency of ansemic virgins. There are two daughters in the household, children when the story opens, old women toward the close, and it is with the history of their lives that the book has to do. Constance, the elder, marries Mr. Povey, and in due course, the parents having died, takes over the management of the business, is widowed in middle life, and left with an idolized son who is nowise persuaded to follow in the footsteps of his ancestors, but developes strange modern tastes and propensities. Sophia, the younger daughter, has a more checkered career. Unlike her meek and self- effacing sister, she has a passionate nature that impels her to a disastrous adventure. The cheap charms of a commercial traveller engage her girlish fancy; she carries on a clandestine correspondence with him, and finally elopes. He has recently come into a modest inheritance which seems to be bound- •The Old Wives' Talk. By Arnold Bennett. New York: Hodder & !S tough ton. Open Country. A Comedy with a Sting. By Maurice Hewlett. New York: Charles Scribner's Song. True Tilda. By A. T. Quiller-Conch. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. The End of the Road. By Stanley Portal Hyatt. New York: D. Appleton & Co. The White Prophet. By Hall Caine. New York: l>. Appleton & Co. less wealth, and the eloping couple go to London, with Paris as their final objective. Marriage is no part of his plan, but he is forced into it by Sophia's obstinate refusal to go any farther than London ex- cept with a legally constituted husband. Several years of pleasure-seeking follow; then, on the eve of the Franco-Prussian war, he is at the end of his resources, and deserts his wife, who has long since lost all her illusions. She has a long and serious illness, through which she is nursed by a kind-hearted creature—a woman of the half-world—whose charge she has accidentally become. After her recovery she undertakes the management of a pension, and maintains it successfully during the months of the siege and the commune. Frugality and practical good sense — the inheritance of her stock—serve her in this crisis; her affairs prosper, she enlarges her operations, and when her health gives way in middle age, she sells her hostelry to a syndicate, and finds herself a woman of leisure with a comfortable for- tune. All this time she has been dead to Bursley and her family, but one day the relationship is acci- dentally reestablished, and she goes to England to visit her sister, also comfortably retired from busi- ness. The visit grows into a stay, and for some ten years the two old women share their old home. Then Sophia learns that her husband is not dead, but is just at the point of ending a wretched and poverty-stricken life; she hastens to his last refuge, and finds only his dead body. She has thought of him only with disgust for many years, but this shock nevertheless proves fatal. Constance, now left alone, does not long survive, and the family is ex- tinct, save for her son, whom the world has not taken at his mother's appraisal, and whose colorless exist- ence makes no appeal to our curiosity. Such is the outline of a book which the author describes as "a novel of life." This it is in a very exact and human sense. Just life, real and un- adorned, a futile affair for all concerned, is what is portrayed in its pages. It is life viewed with micro- scopic vision, described with absolute fidelity, dis- torted by no trace of caricature, and commented upon, as we pass from phase to phase, with grave, sardonic, sometimes almost savage, irony. There is not a char- acter in the book that is ennobled or glorified by the devices dear to the romantic novelist; there is no alluring heroine and no conquering hero, there is no indulgence in empty rhetoric, and there is no appar- ent effort to heighten either motive or situation. Yet with all this restraint, or perhaps just because of it, the final impression is deep and the resultant force overwhelming. As the figures pass before our eyes, and their lives one by one gutter out, we are made to know them better than we know most of the human beings of our actual acquaintance. This is true not only of the half dozen chiefly concerned, but also of the minor figures in almost equal degree. If we were transported by some magic carpet to mid- Victorian Bursley, we should have the advantage over their neighbors in our intimate acquaintance with these people. We understand them as we under- 1909.] 237 THE DIAL stand Balzac's men and women, and the great French novelist never shaped more authentic creations. The coloring of this novel is by no means as drab as this or any outline would seem to indicate. It is ani- mated and even vivacious, for the most part cheerful in tone and shot through with gleams of humor. Its texture is so finely wrought that it is not to be read by leaps and bounds without serious loss. It extends to nearly a quarter of a million words, and few of them are superfluous. If it be censured for defect of ideality, it must be praised all the more for shrewd- ness, for accuracy of observation, and for the deep note of human sympathy which only the most care- less of readers could miss. Moreover, although in its essence it is impressive of the futility of the average life, we gather this message only in our reflective moments of semi-detachment; we do not brood over it, any more than do the characters themselves. To them, life is an affair of ups and downs, no doubt, but it is also too closely packed with immediate inter- ests to permit of their viewing it in broad perspective. The author will probably be charged with pessimism, but one has only to contrast his method with that of a genuine pessimist like Mr. Thomas Hardy to realize that the term is hardly elastic enough to cover both cases. The readers of Mr. Maurice Hewlett's "Halfway House," who made theacquaintance of John Senhouse in that charming book, will be glad to have further intercourse with him in the pages of " Open Country." The new book is not, however, a sequel, since its action is placed several years earlier, and it is a little disconcerting, with fresh memories of the romance previously unfolded, to realize that he had previously been entangled in the sentimental complications now revealed. He is the same strenuous individualist and apostle of the simple life that we learned to know before, and he flouts conventions with the same reck- less unconcern. The young woman in the present case is named Sanchia, and she proves plastic stuff for his moulding. He becomes her accepted guide, philosopher, and friend, and she turns to him in all her perplexities. But when he would play the lover also, he discovers that she has put his teachings to such practical purpose that she throws herself into the arms of a very different sort of man, incidentally possessed of an inconvenient wife. This does not seem to matter seriously to the emancipated Sanchia, and she does not even require him to save appear- ances by obtaining the divorce that might be his for the asking. Upon learning what the outcome of his philosophy, thus applied, has been, Senhouse once more devotes himself to his self-appointed task of adorning the waste places of England with exotic blooms. The author styles this extravagant inven- tion "a comedy with a sting," but having consider- ately told us, in the earlier novel of a later day, how Senhouse found consolation, the "sting" does not do a lasting hurt to our feelings any more than to those of its victim. The philosophy of our individ- ualist hero is set forth in his talks with Sanchia, and more formally in his letters to her. It is always a plausible philosophy, and in many respects a sound one.. "He could pare off detail and accident so nearly that the straight bold outline of conduct lay plain to be seen, stretching far and ahead of her like parallel lines of railway over swamps. To talk with him was to be taken on to a windy height and shown the world of men mapped out below you, accidentals blurred away, only the salient things sharply denned." There is more than a bitter kernel of truth in his indictment of our boasted modern civilization. "If we act individually like maniacs, as I've been telling yon we do, we act in the masses like the hosts of Midian. Until war — to name bnt one pnblio vice — is spoken of in the terms we now nse to reprobate drunkenness, or glnttony, or the drug-habit, I decline to recognise that we are civilized at all. But, so far from that, we devastate the heathen; we exhaust ourselves in armaments; we cause the flower of our yonth to perish for all-red maps; we still teach diplomats to lie and politicians to cadge for votes like the street-boys for coppers; we thieve at large, brag the great year through, bluster, howl at other people playing games for us; lift pious hands (to a heaven we don't believe in) at our rival's enor- mities; we cant and vapour — out upon ns! and what for? For two things only, Sanchia, for two things which are fatal to real civilization—that money may be easy and that labour may be saved." This is the substance of Senhouse's social philosophy —an obviously Ruskinian gospel—and his religious notions are akin to those of Faust, piercing to the very emotional root of the whole matter. "Herr Doctor wurden da katechisirt," for Sanchia shares Margaret's curiosity upon the sub- ject, and her questions evoke from him the lengthiest and soberest of his epistolary confessions. "True Tilda," by Mr. Quiller-Couch, is the story of a girl of ten or thereabouts, a child acrobat in a travelling show, and a boy of about the same age, whom she rescues from an orphanage where he is cruelly treated, and carries off with her in a search for his lost father. The clues are of the slenderest, and instinct rather than reason keeps them in sight, but they lead to the right spot, which is an island in the Bristol channel. The wanderings of the two children constitute a veritable Odyssey, leading from London to the western sea by canal boats, travelling caravans, and river barges. There is a pursuer — the Reverend Glasson of the orphanage — but he is outwitted and outdistanced, and Tilda has the satis- faction of uniting her protiffi with the parent who had not known of his existence. There the story ends, with a hint that something interesting will happen when the children grow up. Although a book about children, it is distinctly designed for their elders to read, and is one of the happiest of the author's whimsical inventions. Tilda is a constant joy and refreshment, and her adventures make us acquainted with a great variety of eccentric and amusing people, figured for us as from Dickens's own world. So much humor, entertaining adventure, and unconventional life is Hot often packed within a single pair of covers. Mr. Stanley Portal Hyatt gave us last year "The Little Brown Brother," a vigorous story of the Philippines, displaying considerable acquaintance 238 [Oct. 1, THE DIAL with native life and character, bat unfortunately committed to the " white man's burden " theory. In "The End of the Road" he deals with the "big black brothers " of South Africa, not without sym- pathy, but from the viewpoint of one who takes it for granted that all means are justifiable which have for their end the replacement of an inferior by a superior civilization. Still, the native question is not uppermost in this new novel, for the chief struggle is between two types of white civilization — the old agricultural type, whether Boer or English, and the new mining and industrial type. More briefly stated, it is the struggle between the road and the railroad. The hero is a transport rider, one of the pioneers who pushed the road northward toward the Zambesi, a man who has lived upon the road most of his life, and who views with distrust the growth of the rail- road and the development of the mining compound. He is an Englishman of gentle origin, and meets his fate when a young Englishwoman, an archaeologist's daughter, comes across his path. He follows her to her English home, makes her his wife, and tries to settle down in an English country town. But the plan does not make for happiness; the old Wander- lust seizes upon him, and the story ends, as it began, in South Africa, whither the wife has consented to return. The story is well worth reading; its simple plot is effective, and its figures and scenes have reality. Modern Egypt, with its complicated politics and its cosmopolitan society, offers a tempting theme to the novelist It was exploited a year or so ago by Sir Gilbert Parker in "The Weavers," which make much of its melodramatic possibilities. But for genuine melodrama, which finds no coloring too violent and no situation too absurd, we must award the palm to Mr. Hall Caine, whose "White Prophet" distances all possible competitors. This compound of preposterous politics and sickly sentiment deals with the career of a religious fanatic, who becomes the leader of the forces of Egyptian nationalism, preaches to the astonished ears of Islam a gospel of universal brotherhood (including the fellowship of Christians), and is defeated by treachery when just about to realize his dream of Egypt for the Egyptians. This fantastic narrative may be imagined as of the past or the future, as the reader pleases. Despite his denials, Mr. Caine has given us figures that must be identified in part with historical characters. His consul-general is Lord Cromer with a difference, his "white prophet" is a new Mahdi with something of the old in his make-up, and his other puppets fre- quently recall men who have been connected with the English occupation. But both characters and hap- penings, although separately identifiable, are jumbled in a composite grouping which is the author's own. The probabilities are not for this sensation-monger. His heroine is made to seek out the prophet, whom she believes to have slain her father, and actually to marry him that she may learn his secrets and betray him to the government. She is to know the slayer by a missing finger, but does not discover that the prophet's fingers are all on his hands until after she has been his wife for some weeks. Nor does he all this time suspect her of being an Englishwoman! Really, there are some limits to the credulity of the most guileless of revellers in romantic fiction. When the prophet's plans come to naught, and he discovers his wife's treachery, he not only forgives her, but divorces her in the summary Mohammedan fashion, in order that she may rejoin her English lover. This lover, who is the son of the consul-general, and an army officer of high rank, has so sympathized with the prophet as to disobey orders, assault his superior, and flee from Cairo to escape punishment. Dis- guised as a Bedouin sheikh, he becomes the prophet's confidant and special emissary, and upon returning to Cairo is taken for the prophet himself, and is nearly executed by the order of his own father. His identity discovered, he is courtrmartialed and sen- tenced to death for insubordination; an appeal is then made to the clemency of the king, who not only pardons him, but raises him to the chief command of the army in Egypt. At this juncture, Mr. Caine considerately calls a halt upon his invention, and we dose the book with a gasp. William Morton Payne. Briefs on New Books. Readers of Mr. Brady's "A Mission- "intneBoZn:' "7 in the Far West" and Bishop Talbot's "My People of the Plains" will enjoy reading the somewhat similar work entitled "A Bishop in the Rough" (Dutton). John Sheep- shanks, now the Right Reverend, the Lord Bishop of Norwich, spent his 'prentice years in laudable missionary work in the great Northwest of Canada, visited the land of Brigham Young, labored in the Sandwich Islands, in China, and elsewhere in Asia, and kept, during the years from 1859 to 1867, a journal, which is now edited for publication by the Reverend D. Wallace Duthie. Both the journalist and the editor have done