$3. net.
ART AND MUSIC.
Plranesl. By Arthur Samuel. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, 8vo, 215 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$5. net.
Sacred Symbols In Art. By Elizabeth E. Goldsmith.
Illustrated, 16mo, 283 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.75 net.
Alphabets, Old and New, for the Use of Craftsmen.
With an Introductory essay by Lewis F. Day. Third
edition, revised and enlarged. Illustrated, 12mo,
256 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Master Musicians: A Book for Players, Singers, and
Listeners. By J. Cuthbert Hadden. Illustrated,
8vo, 264 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
The Story of the Carol. By Edmondstoune Duncan.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 253 pages. "Music Story
Series." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
School of the Piano: Explanations of the Best Usage
Fully Illustrated by Numerous Selections and Orig-
inal Studies. By W. S. B. Mathews. Oliver Ditson
& Co. $1.50.
ECONOMICS.—POLITICS.—SOCIOLOGY.
The Purchasing Power of Money: Its Determination
and Relation to Credit, Interest and Crises. By
Irving Fisher, assisted by Harry G. Brown. 8vo,
505 pages. Macmlllan Co. $3. net.
Crime: Its Causes and Remedies. By Cesare Lom-
broso; translated from the French and German
editions by Henry P. Horton, M.A. 8vo, 471 pages.
"Modern Criminal Science Series." Little, Brown,
& Co. $4.50 net.
The Danger Zone of Europe: Changes and Problems in
the Near East. By H. Charles Woods, F.R.G.S.
With illustrations and maps, 8vo, 328 pages. Little,
Brown, & Co. $3.50 net.
Legal Doctrine and Social Progress. By Frank Par-
sons. 12mo. 219 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1.50 net.
Contemporary Social Problems. By Achllle Lorla;
translated from the Italian by John Leslie Garner.
12mo, 156 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
The Ladles' Battle. By MoUte Elliot Seawell. 16mo,
119 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1. net.
The Passing of the American. By Monroe Royce.
12mo, 189 pages. New York: Thomas Whlttaker.
$1.20 net.
The Tyranny of Speed; or, The Motor Peril and Its
Remedy. By E. H. Hodgklnson. 12mo, 135 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Sidelights on Contemporary Socialism. By John
Spargo. 12mo, 154 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
The Future Citizen. By F. A. Myers. 12mo, 189 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1.20 net.
Education for Citizenship. By Georg Kerschenstelner;
translated from the German by A. J. Pressland.
New edition; 12mo, 133 pages. Rand, McNally &
Co. 75 cts. net.
RELIGION.
The Training of Children In Religion. By George
Hodges, D. D. 12mo, 329 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.50 net.
Aspects of Islam. By Duncan Black Macdonald, M.A.
12mo, 375 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.50 net.
The Church of Tomorrow. By Joseph Henry Crooker.
12mo, 272 pages. Pilgrim Press. $1. net.
Natural Christianity. By W. H. Freemantle, D.D.
16mo, 195 pages. "Harper's Library of Living
Thought." Harper & Brothers. 75 eta. net.
The Eternal Riddle. By John Wirt Dunning. 12mo,
241 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.20 net.
The Beginning of Things in Nature and in Grace; or,
A Brief Commentary on Genesis. By Joseph K.
Wight. 12mo, 188 pages. Snerman, French & Co.
$1.20 net.
The Disintegrating Church. By Frederick William
Atkinson. 12mo, 78 pages. New York: Broadway
Publishing Co.
Compendium of Scriptural Truths: A Collection of
Articles and Sayings. Compiled and edited by Mar-
shall Smith. 12mo, 117 pages. New York: Broad-
way Publishing Co.
The Sense and Nonsense of Christian Science. By
Leon C. Prince. 12mo, 143 pages. Boston: Richard
G. Badger. $1. net.
Commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy. By W. G.
Jordan, D. D. 16mo, 263 pages. "The Bible for
Home and School." Macmlllan Co. 75 cts. net.
PSYCHOLOGY.
The Mediaeval Mind: A History of the Development of
Thought and Emotion in the Middle Age. By Henry
Osborn Taylor. In 2 volumes, 8vo. Macmlllan Co.
$5. net.
The World of Dreams. By Havelock Ellis. 8vo, 288
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. *2. net.
Unsoundness of Mind. By T. S. Clouston, M. D. 8vo,
360 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
Life and Habit. By Samuel Butler. New edition, with
author's addenda. 12mo, 310 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.50 net.
Unconscious Memory. By Samuel Butler. New edi-
tion, with introduction by Marcus Hartog, D. Sc.
12mo, 186 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.


404
[May 16,
THE
DIAL
NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE.
Muale of the Wild. By Gene Stratton-Porter. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 429 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $2.50
net.
The Practical Flower Garden. By Helena Rutherfurd
Ely. Illustrated, 12mo, 304 pages. Macmlllan Co.
$2. net
English Woodlands and Their Story. By Houghton
Townley. Illustrated, 8vo, 309 pages. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. $5. net.
The Cabin. By Stewart Edward White. Illustrated,
12mo, 283 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50 net
The Country Life Movement In the United States.
By L. H. Bailey. 12mo, 220 pages. Macmlllan Co.
$1.26 net.
The Practical Country Gentleman: A Handbook for
the Owner of a Country Estate, Large or Small.
By Edward K. Parkinson. Illustrated, 12mo, 189
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net.
SCIENCE.
Convergence In Evolution. By Arthur Willey, F. R. S.
Illustrated, 8vo, 177 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$2.50 net.
The Social Direction of Human Evolution. By Will-
iam E. Kelllcott. 12mo, 249 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.50 net.
The Birth of Worlds and Systems. By A. W. Bicker-
ton; with Preface by Prof. Ernest Rutherford,
F. R. S. Illustrated, 18mo, 162 pages. "Harper's
Library of Living Thought." Harper & Brothers.
75 cts. net.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
A Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Terms: A History and
Explanation of Certain Terms Used In Church
Architecture, Eccleslology, Llturglology, Music,
Ritual, Cathedral Constitution, etc. By John S.
Bumpus. 8vo, 324 pages. J. B. Llpplncott Co. $6.
net.
Cyclopedia of Illustrations for Public Speakers. Com-
piled and edited by Robert Scott and William C.
Stiles. Large 8vo. 843 pages. Funk & Wagnalls
Co. $5. net.
Baltzell's Dictionary of Musicians, Containing Concise
Biographical Sketches of Musicians of the Past and
Present, with the Pronunciation of Foreign Names.
By W. J. Baltzell. 8vo. Oliver Dltson Co. $1.25.
The Globe English-French Pocket Dictionary. By
Arthur F. Wood. 32mo, 910 pages. J. B. Llpplncott
Co.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Blue Goose Chase: A Camera-Hunting Adventure
In Louisiana. By Herbert K. Job. Illustrated,
12mo, 360 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. $1.25 net.
The Quietness of Dick. By R. E. Vernede. Illustrated,
12mo, 290 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Buddie: The Story of a Boy. By Anna Chapln Ray.
Illustrated, 12mo, 286 pages. Little, Brown, & Co.
$1.50.
The Jaws of Death: or. In and Around the Canons of
the Colorado. By Edwin J. Houston, Ph.D. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 395 pages. Griffith & Rowland Press.
$1.26.
Operas Every Child Should Know. By Dolores Bacon.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 460 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. 90 cts. net.
A Cruise In the Sky; or, The Legend of the Great
Pink Pearl. By Ashton Lamar. Illustrated, 12mo,
218 pages. Rellly & Britton Co. $1.
Adventures of School Boys. By John R. Coryell, M. E.
Ditto, M. S. McCobb. David Ker, and others. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 192 pages. Harper & Brothers. 60 cts.
Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John. By Edith Van
Dyne. With frontispiece, 12mo, 275 pages. Rellly
& Britton Co. 60 cts.
EDUCATION.
Educational Problems. By G. Stanley Hall, Ph.D. In
2 volumes, 8vo. D. Appleton & Co. $7.50 net.
The Career of the Child. By Maximilian P. E. Grosz-
mann, Pd.D. 12mo. 335 pages. Boston: Richard
G. Badger. $2.50 net.
Craftsmanship In Teaching. By William Chandler
Bagley. 12mo, 247 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.10 net
Educational Values. By William Chandler Bagley.
12mo, 267 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.10 net
Administration of the College Curriculum. By Will-
iam T. Foster. 12mo, 390 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.50 net.
Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year
Ended June 30, 1910. Vol. n. Washington: Govern-
ment Printing Office.
Satires and Epistles of Horace. Edited by Edward
P. Morris. 12mo, 239 pages. American Book Co.
$1.25.
The Lawrence Reader and Speaker: A Compilation of
Masterpieces In Poetry and Prose. By Edwin Gor-
don Lawrence. 12mo, 351 pages. A. C. McClurg &
Co. $1.60 net.
The Animals and Man: An Elementary Textbook of
ZoOlogy and Human Physiology. By Vernon Lyman
Kellogg. Illustrated, 12mo, 495 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.25 net.
An Anthology of English Prose, 1741-1892. By Annie
Barnett and Lucy Dale. 12mo, 450 pages. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.25 net.
The Recitation. By George Herbert Betts, Ph.D.
16mo, 121 pages. "Riverside Educational Mono-
graphs." Houghton Mifflin Co. 60 cts. net.
A New School Atlas of Modern History: A Series of 48
Plates, Containing 120 Colored Maps and Diagrams.
With Introduction by Ramsay Muir, M. A. 4to, 48
pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Les Travallleurs de la Mer. By Victor Hugo. Abridged
and edited, with Introduction and Notes, by E. F.
Langley, Ph. D. 16mo. D. C. Heath & Co. 80 cts. net
Schiller's William Tell. Edited by B. J. Vos. With
portrait, 16mo, 300 pages. Glnn & Co. 70 cts.
The Elementary Course In English: A Syllabus with
Graded Lists and References. By James Fleming
Hosic, Ph.M. 12mo, 150 pages. University of Chi-
cago Press. 75 cts. net.
Jurg Jenatsch. By Konrad Ferdinand Meyer. Edited
by A. Kenngott. Illustrated, 16mo, 220 pages. D. C.
Heath & Co. 60 cts.
I Promessl Sposl. By Alessandro Manzonl; edited, with
Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary, by J. Geddes,
Jr., Ph. D., and E. H. Wllklns, Ph. D. With por-
trait, 16mo, 183 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. 60 cts.
Wlldenbruch's Klndertranen. Edited, with Introduc-
tion and Notes, by A. E. Vestllng, Ph. D. 16mo,
179 pages. Henry Holt & Co. 35 cts. net.
Die Verlorene Tochter. By Ernst Wlchert; edited,
with Notes and Vocabulary, by E. H. Babbitt
16mo, 117 pages. Henry Holt & Co. 35 cts. net.
Perrault's Les Lunettes de Gran'maman. Edited, with
Notes and Vocabulary, by Mary Sinclair Crawford.
Illustrated, 16mo, 121 pages. Henry Holt & Co. 35
cts. net.
Drei Wochen In Deutschland. By D. L. Savoy. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 199 pages. Oxford University Press.
Resonance in Singing and Speaking. By Thomas
Flllebrown. 16mo, 93 pages. Oliver Dltson Co.
Der Lex von Gutenhag. By P. K. Rosegger. 16mo,
142 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. 40 cts.
The Story of Modern France. By H. A. Guerber.
12mo, 350 pages. American Book Co. 35 cts.
Human Physiology: An Elementary Text-book with
Special Emphasis on Hygiene and Sanitation. By
John W. Ritchie. Illustrated, 12mo, 362 pages.
World Book Co.
Primer of Sanitation: Being a Simple Work on Disease
Germs and How to Fight Them. By John W.
Ritchie. Illustrated, 12mo, 200 pages. Yonkers,
N. Y.: World Book Co.
Primer of Hygiene. By John W. Ritchie and Joseph
S. Caldwell. Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pages. Yonkers,
N. Y.: World Book Co.
Stevenson's Inland Voyage, and Travels with a Donkej.
Edited by Gilbert Sykes Blakely. 16mo, 303 pages.
American Book Co. 40 cts.
Selections from the Old Testament. Edited by Henry
Nelson Snyder. 16mo, 210 pages. Glnn & Co. 30 cts.
Selections from Byron. Edited by Samuel Marion
Tucker, Ph. D. 16mo, 185 pages. Glnn & Co. JO
cts. net.


1911.]
405
THE
DIAL
Ellipsis In Old French. By William Edwin Knicker-
bocker, Ph. D. 12mo, 154 pages. New York: W. E.
Knickerbocker.
Old Testament Narratives. Selected and edited by
Edward Chauncey Baldwin. 16mo, 192 pages.
American Book Co. 20 cts.
Alice's Adventures In Wonderland. By Lewis Carroll.
Illustrated, 16mo, 187 pages. Charles E. Merrill Co.
30 cts.
Hero Folk of Ancient Britain. Edited by Sara E.
Wiltse. Illustrated, 12mo, 128 pages. Ginn & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A. Year In a Coal Mine. By Joseph Husband. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 171 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.25 net.
The Principles of Scientific Management. By Fred-
erick Winslow Taylor, Sc. D. 8vo, 144 pages. Har-
per & Brothers. $1.50 net.
Small Country Houses of To-Day. Edited by Law-
rence Weaver. Illustrated, 4to, 221 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $5. net.
London Clubs: Their History and Treasures. By
Ralph Nevill. Illustrated In color, etc., 8vo, 316
pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2.60 net.
Ancient, Curious and Famous Wills. By Virgil M.
Harris. 8vo, 472 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $4. net.
Manual of Political Ethics. By Francis Lieber, LL.D.
New edition, In two volumes, revised and edited by
Theodore D. Woolsey; with Introduction by Nich-
olas Murray Butler. 8vo. J. B. Lipplncott Co. $5.
net.
The Nervous Life. By G. E. Partridge, Ph.D. 12mo,
216 pages. Sturgls & Walton Co. $1. net.
Household Plumbing and Sanitation. By J. Pickering
Putnam. Illustrated, 8vo, 718 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $3.75 net.
The Book of Love. With Introduction by Madison
Caweln. Illustrated, 16mo, 346 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25 net.
The Diamond. By W. R. Cattelle. Illustrated, 12mo,
433 pages. John Lane Co. $2. net.
The Ideal Cookery Book. By M. A. Falrclough. Illus-
trated In color, etc., 4to, 945 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $8. net.
Chats on Old Pewter. By H. J. L. J. Masse. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 422 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co.
$2. net.
The New Art of Flying. By Waldemar Kaempffert.
Illustrated, 12mo, 291 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.50 net.
A Holiday In Gaol. By Frederic Martyn. 12mo, 278
pages. Macmillan Co. $1:25 net.
Farm Dairying. By Laura Rose. Illustrated, 12mo,
298 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25 net.
Southern Field Crops (Exclusive of Forage Plants).
By John Frederick Duggar. 12mo, 579 pages.
"Rural Text-Book Series." Macmillan Co. $1.75
net.
Practical Salesmanship: A Treatise on the Art of Sell-
ing Goods. By Nathaniel C. Fowler, Jr. 12mo, 317
pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1. net.
Later Magic, with New Miscellaneous Tricks and
Recollections of Hartz the Wizard. By Professor
Louis Hoffmann. New and enlarged edition; Illus-
trated, 8vo, 737 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
Early Essays on Social Philosophy. Translated from
the French of Auguste Comte, by Henry Dlx Hut-
ton. New edition, with an Introduction by Frederic
Harrison. 18mo, 352 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
50 cts. net.
The Past at Our Doors; or, The Old in the New around
Us. By Walter W. Skeat, M. A. Illustrated, 16mo,
198 pages. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net.
The Qest Vegetarian Dishes I Know. By Jeanne Jar-
dine. 16mo, 107 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 50
cts. net.
The Housekeeper's Scrapbook. With drawings by
Louise Perrett. 12mo, 125 pages. Rellly & Britton
Co.
Dollars and Sense. By Col. William C. Hunter. With
portrait, 18mo, 128 pages. Rellly & Britton Co. 50 cts.
Handbook of American Indian Languages. By Franz
Boas. Part I., new edition; illustrated, large 8vo,
1069 pages. Washington: Smithsonian Institution,
Bureau of American Ethnology.
The Sanctuary. By William W. Hicks. 16mo, 186
pages. Boston: Sanctuary Publishing Co. $1.25.
The Dragon's Teeth. A Mythological Prophecy. By
T. M. Sample. With portrait, 12mo, 339 pages.
New York: Broadway Publishing Co. $1.50.
Amen, the God of the Amonians; or, A Key to the
Mansions in Heaven. By Wakeman Ryno, M.D.
Illustrated, 12mo, 138 pages. New York: Broadway
Publishing Co. $1.
F. M. HOLLY
Authors' and Publishers':
Circulars sent upon request. 156 Fifth Avenue, New Yobk
LINCOLN AND HIS
LIEUTENANTS
A new, striking, and life-like etching of Abraham Lincoln
Showing on the margins of plate, 14%xl8%, fourteen vignet
portraits of Lincoln's Cabinet, his Army and his Navy,
Will send on approval on satisfactory reference*
JACQUES REICH, 105 W. 40th St, New York
Disturbing Elements in the Study
and Teaching of Political Economy
By JAMES BONAR, MjV (Oxford), LL.D. (Glasgow)
IS6 page: 8 vo. Cloth. Price, $1.00.
This volume consists of five lectures delivered at the Johns
Hopkins University in the spring of 1910 by Dr. James
Bonar, the distinguished English economist now filling the
office of Deputy Master of the Royal Mint, Ottawa.
Orders should 6c sent to
THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND
To be published on May 17
Applied Ethics
By
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Being one of the Belden Noble Lectures
for 1910-11.
12mo, cloth, gilt top.
75 cents net.
PUBLISHED BY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.


406
[May 16,
THE DIAL
The Finest Edition of Shakespeare
at Less than Half Price
qpHE STRATFORD TOWN SHAKESPEARE, ranking with the finest of editions de
luxe, was printed at the Shakespeare Head Press at Stratford, which was especially
established, under the direction of Mr. A. H. Bullen, to do honor to Shakespeare's
memory by printing a worthy edition of his works in his native town. It is the only
complete edition of Shakespeare's Works ever printed and published in his native
town, and so will have for all time an interest and distinction placing it entirely apart
from any other existing or future edition of Shakespeare.
The set comprises ten royal octavo volumes. One thousand numbered sets, on English hand-
made paper, have been printed, of which two hundred and fifty are for America. Each vol-
ume contains a photogravure frontispiece, eight being portraits of Shakespeare, one of Richard
Burbage, the chief actor of Shakespeare's time, and one of the Earl of Southampton, Shake-
speare's patron, to whom his Sonnets are supposed to have been dedicated. The type is the
original Old Face type cut by William Caslon in the early part of the eighteenth century.
For the text is used the size known as " English," the songs, etc., being printed in small
pica. The lines are numbered at the side. An English hand-made paper, with Shakespeare's
crest and coat-of-arms for a water-mark, has been specially manufactured for this edition.
The edition has been carefully produced under the supervision of Mr. A. H. Bullen, whose
scholarly researches in the field of Elizabethan Literature have peculiarly qualified him for the
task. A unique feature is the elimination of the great mass of notes which usually clog the
pages of our great classic and impede the reader. Instead, the last volume contains new and
original essays which supply in a comprehensive and readable form all the information that the
student or private reader requires for the proper appreciation of the great dramatist. These
essays are as follows: A Memoir of Shakespeare, by Henry Davey, F. G. S.; Ben Jonson's
Views on Shakespeare's Art, by J. J. Jusserand; On the Influence of the Audience, by
Robert Bridges, M.A.; The Religion of Shakespeare, by Rev. H. C. Beeching, M.A.; The
Stage of the Globe, by E. K. Chambers; The Portraits of Shakespeare, by M. H. Spielmann;
The Sonnets, by Rev. H. C. Beeching; Notes on the Text, by A. H. Bullen.
The BOOKMAN (London): "The most beautiful and most desirable of all the library edi-
tions of the works of Shakespeare. We can pay it no higher compliment than to express our
opinion that it justifies its right to bear the imprint of Stratford-on-Avor.."
The ATHEN/EUM: "The type is of luxurious size, set up on a page between eleven and
twelve inches in height, and shows up with delightful clearness against the ample margin; and
the whole is excellently bound, while it bears signs of being able to stand wear better than
some elaborate editions of good repute."
Of the Stratford Town Shakespeare 250 copies only were printed for Ameri-
can subscribers, the published price being $75 net. For a very limited time,
we offer the few sets that we now have at $35 net, delivery charges extra.
The
Format
Editorial
Features
Press
Opinions
BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE, 203 Michigan Blvd., CHICAGO


THE DIAL
9 Stmt>iWontl)Ig JIaurnal of ILtterarg Criticism, BiBruggion, ano Information.
No. 599. JUNE 1, 1911. Vol. L.
Contents.
PAOE
APPROACHES TO LITERATURE 425
SOME FRENCH SINGERS OF THE OPEN AIR.
Warren Barton Blake 427
CASUAL COMMENT 430
Some reminiscences of Colonel Higginson.— The
grind and the genius. — Some specimens of grave-
yard poetry. — The greatest library event.—The
charm of Oxford. — A reform in travelling library
methods. — Distinctive features of the thirteenth
census. — The head-liner's art. — A forthcoming
memoir of Colonel Higginson. — Book thieves before
the children's court. — The growth of the Poe
memorial fund. — The Higginson room in the
Cambridge Public Library. — The resignation of
Amherst's librarian. — For light summer reading.—
A new library building for the Gray Herbarium.
THE LIBRARIANS' CONFERENCE AT PASA-
DENA. (Special Correspondence.) 433
COMMUNICATIONS 435
Lowell and the Russian Mission. George Abbot James.
Anglo-American Copyright. Lavin Hill.
"A Hundred Years to Come." S. T. Kidder.
THE NEW STEVENSON LETTERS. Henry Seidel
Canby 436
NATURE'S OPEN SHOP. May Estelle Cook ... 438
Mrs. Stratton-Porter's Music of the Wild. —
Roberts's Neighbors Unknown.—Kirkham's East
and West.—Sharp's Face of the Fields.
TRAVELS IN TWO HEMISPHERES. Percy F.
Bicknell 439
Borup's A Tenderfoot with Peary. — Miss Bell's
Amu rath to Amurath. — Dr. and Mrs. Workman's
The Call of the Snowy Hispar. — Bingham's Across
South America. — Miss Barton's Impressions of
Mexico.—"Mark Sale's " A Paradise in Portugal.—
Higinbotham's Three Weeks in the British Isles. —
Meriwether's Seeing Europe by Automobile. —
Hutchinson's A Saga of the "Sunbeam." — Ren-
wick's Finland To-day.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne ... 442
Galsworthy's The Patrician. — Quiller-Couch's
Brother Copas. — Mr. and Mrs. Castle's Panther's
Cub. — Mr. and Mrs. Williamson's The Golden
Silence.—Mrs. Watts's The Legacy. — Miss Fisher's
The Imprudence of Prue. — Frenssen's Klaus Hin-
rich Baas. — Fogazzaro's Leila.
VARIOUS BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING . . 445
Camping and tramping in the Yosemite. — Practical
gardening for women. — The adventures of " Grizzly
Adams " in new form.—Summering in the Sierras.—
A book of small English country houses. — A com-
monplace tour in Italy.—A summer in a sportsman's
paradise. —An eloquent advocate of country life.—
The story of the forests of England. — How to live in
the country.—A guide to the pine trees of California.
BRIEFER MENTION 450
NOTES 451
TOPICS IN JUNE PERIODICALS 451
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 452
THE APPROACHES TO LITERATURE.
Literature is a coy maiden, not to be won by
assertiveness or by violence. She well knows
how to discriminate between her true and her
pretended lovers, and can tell by instinct the
difference between the one who woos her for
her own sweet self and the one whose motives
are interested. She bestows her favors with a
sort of divine graciousness, and often upon
outwardly unpromising aspirants, while turning
an indifferent ear to suitors who have all the
worldly advantages to offer. She will repel
the advances of self-conscious and " important"
persons, and go more than half way to meet
and encourage the devotion of her shrinking
worshippers. She will even seek these out, and
win them for her declared following to their
own surprise. And those whom her election
singles out learn to taste of delights hitherto
unimagined, and find life exalted to a dignity
hitherto unconceived. Their sympathies are en-
larged to the very limits of humanity; they enter
into communion with the life of the race; they
know in fullest measure the joy that art alone can
give, and receive the key to the prison-house in
which everyone is born, and which seeks to keep
its inmates from enlargement by the heavy doors
of convention and the stout walls of prejudice.
When once the bolt is shot that has held them
captive, they enter into their rightful inheritance
of the open air and the liberal sunlight.
Abandoning this concatenation of metaphors,
let us state as a plain fact, needing neither de-
monstration nor adornment, that literature is
one' of the chief solaces vouchsafed to man, and
that he who is debarred from its ministry misses
the best part of life. Surely its approaches
should be made easy; and yet, such is human
perversity, some of them are so devised as to
prove only misleading by-ways, and others are
deliberately made difficult by steep artificial
declivities, or blocked by thorny obstructions
set for that very purpose. The path of the
collector is one of the misleading by-ways;
another is membership in some society estab-
lished for the study of this or that poet; still
another is that into which ingenuous youth is
lured by the analysts and statisticians who
make an impudent pretence of studying litera-
ture by laboratory methods, and of explaining


426
DIAL [J«ne 1,
THE
it upon scientific principles. The bunkers and
the hedges that discourage the approach to lit-
erature are the objects chiefly in view in the
scholastic landscape. They are planned by the
pedagogical expert with the skill of one who
lays out a golf-course, or with the magic of the
wizard who hides the sleeping beauty in her
enchanted castle. We have frequently paid
our respects to these methods and these obstruc-
tions as they exist in our most favored educa-
tional schemes, and expect to pay them many
times more; what we would emphasize just now
are the abstract propositions that literature is
itself, not something else, and that its pursuit,
by which we mean appreciation rather than
performance, is not a task, but a joy. To put
the matter in a nutshell, literature is to be read,
not to be puzzled over and dissected.
Professor Brander Matthews has recently
been discussing the approaches to literature,
and offers the following suggestions:
"Wo can confine our attention, if we please, to a
chosen few of the greatest writers, the men of an
impregnable supremacy. We can neglect the minor
writings even of these masters to centre our affections
on their acknowledged masterpieces. We may turn
aside from the authors individually, however mighty
they may be, and from {heir several works, however
impressive, to consider the successive movements which
one after the other have changed the stream of litera-
ture, turning it into new channels and sweeping along
almost every man of letters, powerless to withstand
the current. We may perhaps prefer to abandon the
biographical aspects of literature to investigate its bio-
logical aspects, and to study out the slow differentiation
of the several literary species, history from the oration,
for example, and the drama from the lyric. Or, finally,
we may find interest in tracing the growth of those
critical theories about literary art which have helped
and which have hindered the free expansion of the
author's genius at one time or at another."
This is good counsel, but not, after all, for the
many. It smells too much of the lamp to be
the best advice for readers who are not endowed
with specialized literary aptitudes. Those who
ponder it, or such writings as Ruskin's "King's
Treasuries " and Mr. Frederic Harrison's "The
Choice of Books," may get from their effort a
certain stimulus, but such counsels of perfection
are more often productive of despair than of
acceptance as working rules. We must, after
all, reckon the course of study, the systematic
scheme, the reasoned procedure, as hindrances
rather than helps to the acquisition of literary
taste and understanding. And a special note
of warning is needed for those who think that
they may properly approach literature by the
way of literary history and criticism. These
provide the pattern without the material for
the fabric, but if the fabric be skilfully woven
— piecemeal perhaps, and put together bit by
bit, like the sections of a puzzle-picture — the
pattern will disclose itself in due time, and it
may prove to be fairer than any that could have
been designed in advance.
For the average human soul, the casual
approaches to literature are probably the best,
and even the wisest of guidance may fail in
fitting itself to the individual need. Some guid-
ance there is that is helpful, but in the propor-
tion that its intent is concealed. The coaxing
methods of the modern librarian are inspired by
a deeper wisdom than the categorical impera-
tives of the schoolmaster. Taste is built up by
a slow process of refinement, rising by imper-
ceptible degrees to higher levels; no genuine
literary liking deserves to be held up to scorn,
but should rather be taken as the sign of in-
finite possibilities of development. It may be
from so humble a beginning as the feuilleton
of a sensational news-sheet that the man who
learns to love literature shall measure his ascent.
Or it may be from some random suggestion that
the kindling spark has come, or from readings
for entertainment in the home circle, or from
informal conversations with one's fellows, and
preferably not with superior persons. Best of
all agencies for the fostering of the literary
spirit is the old family library, with its oppor-
tunities for browsing, of which the child is made
free from the time he learns to read. There
need be little fear of contamination from this
sort of license, for normal children have an
amazing faculty for assimilating what is really
nourishing, and for ignoring matters which
their elders would find it embarrassing to have
to explain. Why is it that children —real
children and those of larger growth that we find
in the ranks of the mechanic, the ploughman,
and the sailor—so often find delight in Shake-
speare and the Bible? One of the reasons, at
least, is that they cheerfully skip what they
fail to understand, and do not have their wits
tangled up by any erudite apparatus of anno-
tation and explanation. But get them into
school, and apply to them these worrying im-
plements of erudition, and see how quickly the
glow will fade, and what good haters of liter-
ture they will become.
Borrowing once more from Professor Mat-
thews, we would emphasize the fact that litera-
ture is not austere but friendly, not remote
but intimate.
"It is not for holidays only and occasions of state;
it is for everyday use. It is not for the wise and learned


1911.]
427
THE DIAL
only, but for all sorts and conditions of men. It pro-
vides the simple ballad and the casual folk-tale that live
by word of month, generation after generation, on the
lonely hillside; and it proffers also the soul-searching
tragedy which grips the masses in the densely crowded
city. It has its message for everyone, old and young,
rich and poor, educated and ignorant; and it is supreme
only as it succeeds in widening its invitation to include
us all. At one time it brings words of cheer to the weak
and the downhearted; and at another it stirs the strong
like the blare of the bugle. It has as many aspects as
the public has many minds. It is sometimes to be re-
covered only by diligent scholarship out of the dust of
the ages, and it is sometimes to be discovered amid the
fleeting words lavishly poured out in the books of the
hour, in the magazines, and even in the daily journals."
That of which such words may in simple truth
be said must be among the choicest treasures
of mankind. It behooves all of us who have
found the way into the precincts of literature
to help as many of our fellows as we may to
share its joys, and above all to see to it that its
approaches be not jealously guarded from the
stranger. If we have found obstacles set in our
own path, we must take care that they shall no
longer exist to impede those who are to come
after us. Like the quality of mercy, literature
"Blesseth him that gives and him that takes,"
and its possession makes us the richer when
we help others to become also its possessors.
SOME FRENCH SINGERS OF
THE OPEN-AIR.
I.
Summer is icumen in,
Lhude sing cuccu!
Ever since the thirteenth-century poet wrote his
"Cuckoo Song "— and long before him, too — poets
have hymned the seasons: singing the beauty of
woods and fields in every weather, and the joys
of the open road; declaring the pleasures of life
among the flowers, in the shade of one's own fig-
tree. Sometimes a rather remote picturesqueness
has been all that appealed. Sometimes there has
been a largely factitious painting of the pastoral
life: and thus conventionalism has fastened upon
this kind of verse. With Burns, who guided the
plough as well as chanted it (though I suspect he
found his way to a maiden's heart straighter than
he drove the furrow), a new life stirred in nature-
poetry. Burns exalted man for the manhood's
sake, and showed how even the laborer — not the
make-believe haymaker, but he who sweats at his
work — might heave a sigh and lightly turn to
thoughts of love as he drank ale at eventide.
Wordsworth's verse, that looms so impressive in
romantic poetry, smells to heaven, not so much of
the soil it grew in, as of one Cumberland man's
didactics. Tennyson well enough conceived the
poetry of the countryside, but his pictures in this
genre (like his historical pieces) are almost too
perfectly "composed." This is studio-work, and
the notes taken afield have lost in the working-
over. True, Tennyson can be photographic—as in
his " Northern Farmer." The trick is to be plein-
airiste and lyricist too; when is this poet both?
To be a plein-airiste of verse, and worthy of the
name, it is not enough to have an exquisite appre-
ciation of natural detail. More is required than a
knack of painting eyes.
"Darker than darkest pansies, and that hair
More black than ashbuds in the front of March."
The open-air painters pique themselves on rendering
nature on the spot; Monet's pictures are executed
on successive days, perhaps, but under the same
atmospheric conditions; Sorolla's are generally put
through at a single sitting. This is true impres-
sionism. Yet we do not demand as much of our
nature-poets as these nature-painters have demanded
of themselves. What we do ask is an effect of
spontaneity; and the making-believe that the verses
made themselves — conditioned by one moment's
joy or pain. We would know nothing of the
poet's retouchings; an edition of his works in
which variant readings are given — as in the recent
Eversley Tennyson — is abhorrent to us in some
moods. We hug a precious illusion. We want no
chips from the workshop.
II.
The century that gave England William Barnes,
who wrote that "increasing communication" and
the popularization of board-schools has substi-
tuted "book English" for provincial dialects,
and who for his own part used the patois of Dor-
setshire ("not only a separate offspring from the
Anglo-Saxon tongue, but purer and more regular
than the dialect which is chosen for the national
dialect"), gave France an even greater provincial
poet in Fre'de'ric Mistral. Only last year the poet
celebrated his eightieth birthday; two years ago
occurred the half-centenary of his "Mireio " — the
master-work that Lamartine dared to compare with
the Homeric epics.* I have no wish to attempt
here the reviewing of a poem that has inspired so
much of praise and of controversy; a poem prob-
ably best known to Americans through the libretto
of Gounod's half-forgotten opera. It is enough that
Mistral succeeded in giving us a great poem, besides
giving a wonderful impetus to the study of the
troubadours' tongue, and to its use as a poetic
medium.f Like Roumamille, his forerunner, Mis-
*"Mireio" (" Mireille "), originally published in 1859,
has been reprinted by the Librairie Charpentier, with a prose
translation of the Provencal text facing the original (1908).
t See " L'Anthologie du Felibrige," being Selections from
the Poets "of the Renaissance mtridionale of the 19th Cen-
tury," with an introduction and notes by MM. Armand
Praviel and J.-R. de Brousse, Paris (Nouvelle Librairie
Nationale), 1909. ("Le Felibrige a pour but de conserver
longtemps a la Provence sa langue, son earactere, sa liberty
d'allure, son honneur national et sa hauteur d'intelligence.")


428
THE DIAL. [Junel,
tral wrought for the illiterate folk of his own
country; he could say in all sincerity, "Je ne
chante que pour les patres et les gens des mas."
Yet he was executing, the while, the work of an in-
dubitable poet, whose limitations were self-imposed.
It is our misfortune that we have, in English, no
adequate rendering of his verses. We can, all the
same, judge in some degree of the vigor and whole-
someness and poetic temper of his work,—whether
we read it stumblingly in the native Provencal, in
the French prose translation made by Mistral him-
self, or in the English version contributed a good
many years ago by Miss Harriet Preston. Some-
thing of the movement and the southern magic of
its natural poetry survives the roughest handling.
The people of Provence are right in erecting a
statue to Mistral in his own lifetime; right in deem-
ing him one of the great company of French Im-
mortals never enthroned among the Forty. A spicy
proverb—which enjoys a more restricted circulation
in this the age of the press agent — would have it
that" a good wine needs no bush." Mistral is a palm-
less poet — so far as the Academy is concerned; he
does not join Academies, but he has founded them.
His laurels are home-grown,—but he has his statue!
"Sing hey! sing bo! ye mulberry maids,
Prosper your reaping!
As golden bees, blown from afar,
Glean rosemary-honey,—
So swarm these trees
With maids not bees,—
Like the air, sunny.'
So beautiful the silk-worms are
In their third sleeping,
Sing merrily, ye mulberry maids,—
Prosper your reaping!"
m.
Mistral's "Mireio" was published an even fifty
years ago: it is not thirty-five years since M. Jean
Aicard published his Poems of Provence, in the
language of his greater Fatherland.* Aicard too
is a Provencal, and loyal to his province,—
"Vieille Gaule a l'esprit attique au eoeur romain,
Souviens-t-en: la Provence est l'antique chemin
Par on la race Hellene et latine a ta race
Apporta ses tresors de lumiere et de grace,—"
but he dedicated his poems, not to Provence, not to
the gent di mas, but to all France. Let us appre-
ciate the importance of such a dedication. Here is
a regionalist who seeks, not to resuscitate a stricken
language, but to conserve something of its local
tang; a poet using, too, the most sophisticated of
all the tongues, ancient or modern. His poems are
equally popular and Provencal in accent: yet they
are indubitably French verse of a high order.
Rather than praise the achievement, in our own
poor words, let us listen to the poet speaking for
himself. "When our peasants express themselves
in French," he has written, "they translate the
figures, the movement, even the turn, of words, and,
if one may say so, the flair of the Provencal patois.
•"Poemesde Provence; Les Cigales," par Jean Aicard.
Paris (Flammarion), 1875.
I have tried to speak, in verse, a French that in the
manner of their prose might let one divine the genius
of the local idiom; happy if some of our provincial-
isms, de"bris of the dialect in dissolution, should seem
worthy of enriching the French tongue."*
When the young poet of that time, the Academi-
cian of to-day, was publishing his poems of the
South-land, full of the singing of locusts and the
murmur of the river Rhone, Brunetiere, in an essay
on "Poetes contemporains: la Poesie intime," was
discussing the work of Paul Bourget, who had just
written " La Vie Inquiete," and Francois Coppee—
Coppee, whose seat in the Academy Aicard now
holds, and Bourget, his "dear colleague." Brune-
tiere lacked enthusiasm for Coppee's "Humbles,"
and its verses about the tout petit epicier de Mon-
trouge:
"It was a retail grocer of Montrouge,
And his dark shop, with shutters painted red."
What a pity that, when he wrote his article upon
contemporary poets, Brunetiere had not yet read
Aicard's poems of Provence, with a very different
inspiration: although he, likewise, celebrated "Les
Humbles!" Had Brunetiere studied Aicard's work,
there would be little need of anyone else attempting
to evaluate it. But what comes near to reconciling
us to this critical omission is the tribute of Sully-
Prudhomme; who was something better than critic:
"Tu nous as rapporte" de ton pays natal
Ce qui nous manque ici, Pair, le jour et la flamme;
Ton poeme rechauffe et colore notre Sme
Comme un reflet brulant d'azur oriental."
Aicard's work reminds us of Flaubert's observation
that the Orient commences at Marseilles. To-day,
a generation after, the Academy has elected M.
Aicard to its membership.
rv.
Essentially lyric in his verse, hardly less lyric in
his novels, some of which have been lately trans-
lated into English,t there is no temptation for us to
compare this younger singer with Homer, as Lamar-
tine compared Mistral. And yet one may fairly
compare Mistral the FSlibre and Aicard, equally
Provencal, perhaps, but more affected by his school-
ing and his long periods of residence at Paris. M.
Aicard is content to render the beauty and mysti-
cism of Provence in the French tongue. If Mistral's
Mireio is daintiness itself, and the lovemaking of
Mireio and Vincent is, essentially, as full of poetry
as that of Meredith's Richard and Lucy, besides
being raised upon the wings of verse, Aicard, too,
has given us heroines of grace and captivation. We
love his gentle Livette of "Le Roi de Camargue":
Livette, or "Little Olive." We love the washer-
maiden Miette, of the rhymed romance, "Miette
et NoreV' There is the same peacefulness and/con-
tentment reflected in these verses that we fouuid in
•Preface to " Miette et Nor<5," Paris (Flanunariori), 18-'
t By Alfred Allinson: "The Illustrious Man jKn," and
the "Diverting Adventures of Maurin." New Xf'.orV: .Tohn
iCo. 1910. *
,ar


1911.]
429
THE DIAJL
the lyrics and eclogues of the Dorset poet. One
may turn one of the French couplets into English
doggerel in this wise:
Man 's made for the soil; and — mind it well! —
The happiest man's Jacques bonhomme.
Notwithstanding its undertone of melancholy, there
is throughout Aicard's work unfailing joy in the
face of nature. The Rousselian spirit of his novel
"L'Ame d'un Enfant" does not find unique expres-
sion in his revolt against the repression and dis-
cipline of the lycies; it is more happily expressed
in his faith in this same Jacques, and in his appre-
ciation of all the beauty of outer nature. At school
he was less attracted by the alphabet than by the
tragicomedy of fly and spider. As poet he chants
the Spanish broom and immortelle; Aries and the
Alyscamps, "pleins d'eclats de rire"; the gleaners
of Camargue, and the Branding (la Ferrade); the
"Vignes du Langnedoc, oliviers des Alpines."
Maurice Barres of "Les Deracines" pleads no
more eloquently the ties of the home-province:
"J'ai la, dans ma Provence, on les lauriers sont beaux,
Mod foyer, mon arpent du sol de la patrie,
Et je sens a ce nom ma pensee attendrie,
Car la j'ai des amis et la j'ai des tombeaux."
What matter if the poet lives, for the greater part
of each year, among the mists and rains of Paris?
Provence is still near enough to his spirit,—
"I'm there, though by my fire I do recline,
Relaxed, — glued to my chair, — watching the sparks;
Green woods — blue sea — the Southern Sky: all mine!"
It is a wild kind of justice that one renders
M. Aicard in Englishing a few lines here, a few
there, in this rough fashion. One should quote
in the French at least one of the sonnets (" Les
Cigales "), and verses like those occurring in the
piece called, "Returned by Sea."
"Voyageurs! voyageurs! explorez la nature;
Tentez au bout des mers la pensee on l'amour:
Tout depart vous promet une heureuse aventure,
Et ce bonheur fuyant n'est qne dans le retour!
"II vous attend sous l'arbre, au seuil de votre porte,
Oh vous avez, enfant, joue\ souri, pleure";
Sur la plage oil chanta votre jeunesse morte,
Au pays oil l'aieul paisible est interreV'
One would remember, too, "Les Meyes," and that
exquisite little poem, "La Fleurette,"—
"La grappe belle et mure et virginale encore,
Que baisent seulement la rosee et l'aurore ..."
But it is impossible to quote more here. We can only
very remotely suggest the nature of the subjects;
we must let the treatment of those subjects and
sentiments — so exquisite and so classical in feeling
— speak for itself. Sincerity is breathed in every
line to which M. Aicard has signed his name. It
may be said of the rather recently elected Acade-
mician, as it was said of the Dorset poet beyond
the Channel, that his verses "seldom exhibit a
striking thought, or perhaps even a very original
expression." The fact remains that Aicard is the
poet of Provence who has done most to give his
province a place in modern French literature. He
is, too, the poet of children and of mothers; the
last, as M. Calvet has written in his sympathetic
study," of the great idealistic poets." * And Aicard
himself has written that the ideal is not ce qui n'est
pas (in Maupassant's phrase), but the truth of
tomorrow: "le vrai de demain."
V.
If names of English and French writers —poets
of Dorsetshire and troubadours of Twentieth-
century Provence — are mingled in this summer
causerie pell-mell, I offer no apologies. They are
all of them open-air poets—nor is that all. I have
associated them carelessly, but not without motive.
I try to match Barnes's loyalty to Dorsetshire with
Mistral's intensive patriotism; I almost wish that
Aicard's work may suggest analogies — which are
not to be strained, however—with Tennyson's.
Most of all have I hoped that the reader might be
led into making certain admissions regarding the
possibilities of French lyricism.
It is a truism that English taste has been nar-
rowly insular whenever it has not been servilely
Gallophile. In the eighteenth century Gray might
sigh for an eternity of romances by Marivaux and
Crelnllon fds, "On a Sofa," —but Wesley's utter
scorn for the "Henri&de," and even for "Telem-
achus," or Dr. Johnson's aspersions upon Jean-
Jacques Rousseau, were sentiments far more char-
acteristically national. The French have ever set
up the appreciation of Racine as the touchstone of
poetic taste; yet what a mess English writers have
always made of it in venturing to discuss Racine!
They have conceded, not tasted, the intellectual and
rhetorical qualities of his tragic poetry; they have,
in general, wholly missed the psychology of woman
that is Racine's, — his mastery of passional values.
We are, nous autres Anglais, singularly grudging
and inept in our criticism of French verse. We do
not, however, invariably understand all we com-
mentate; and all too seldom do we enjoy what we
do partially understand. It is a truism, I have said,
that English taste has been narrowly insular when-
ever it has not been Gallomaniacal, — but must the
same be said of American taste?
I for my own part have at least expressed my
vigorous dissent from any judgment denying to
French verse warmth, the love of nature, or an
appreciation of the "little people's" ways of life
and humbler joys. I conceive that it is time for
us Anglo-Saxons to abandon one of our pet preju-
dices: our prejudice against French poetry, that we
condemn unheard. Poe had a Baudelaire; Words-
worth engaged Sainte-Beuve (though the poet-critic
never went far in his renderings of the Lakists);
even Walt Whitman has found a sympathetic trans-
lator and biographer; t but the French poets are
*"La Poesie de Jean Aicard: Portrait Litt^raire et
Choix de Poemes." Par J. Calvet. Paris: (A Hatier), 1909.
t See " Les Feuilles d'Herbe de Walt Whitman, Traduc-
tion integrate de Le'on Bazalgette," Paris (Mercure de
France), 1908.


430
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
left by us untranslated — or are translated by our
veriest backs. This would not greatly matter if we
did not, apparently, base our judgments of French
verse either upon our miserable translations or upon
our own private mis-readings of the texts. We do
not even know many of the humbler but well-loved
poets whose work expresses the sanity of life that
is no less French than those more showy character-
istics that we imagine French.*
It is not with French verse as a whole that we are
occupied to-day, however: only with some of the
French poets who are, like some of the English
poets, singers of the out-of-doors. The odds have
never favored poets of peasantry. If, like Robert
Bloomfield or George Crabbe, they are strict liter-
alists, they are told, number one, that he attains
nothing higher than "truthfulness of description";
number two, that he writes charming tales, but long
ones. Kenan has said that men have no right to
paint a dung-heap unless roses grow out of that
rich accumulation. If poets take warning, if they
profit by Renan's dictum and gather rosebuds while
they may (and where), then they are told that their
"grand air" belongs to the capital, not to the
country-side. Ik Marvel complained of the Wateletr
effects attained by the French ruralists. Such a
criticism applies to eighteenth-century Delille, but
not to the poets named in this essay. Some new
accusation must be brought against these Proven-
caux; these singers of the langue d'oc; these
Aicards and Mistrals.
Let me confess that, as a country-lover, and a
lover of their own country, I can draw up but one
bill against them. And though that is serious
enough, it is not, I suspect, unanswerable. I would
complain only that they have kept me indoors over-
long, reading their verses, when I might have been
out in their fields and woodlands, walking under
their glowing skies and sunning on their beaches.
Warren Barton Blake.
CASUAL COMMENT.
Some reminiscences of Colonel Higginson,
as he appeared to his old friend and fellow-
abolitionist, Mr. Frank B. Sanborn, appeared in
the Boston ,l Transcript" the day after the veteran
author's death. "It must be now more than sixty-
two years ago," writes Mr. Sanborn, "that I first
saw and heard Rev. T. W. Higginson, as he was
then styled in the registers of the clergy. ... As
I well remember, he preached in white trousers,
which in 1846 was an innovation on the traditional
black garb that Emerson had given up ten years
earlier, but to which Theodore Parker adhered all
his clerical life — for the reason, as he told me, that
he chose to conform in that outward matter, since
* See the first chapter in Miss M. Betham-Edwards's
u French Men, Women and Books," just published by
A. C. McClurg & Co. (Chicago).
he must dissent in so much that was inward and
spiritual. But innovation was a second nature to
young Higginson, as it continued to be through
most of his active life. ... At the Anthony Burns
rendition in May, 1854 — or, rather, the morning
after the attack on the Boston Court House in Court
Square, which preceded the rendition — I saw Mr.
Higginson with his throat muffled, from a wound
received the night before, while leading the assault
on what Richard Dana, who was the counsel of the
poor slave, called 'the Boston Barracoon.' In the
Kansas emigration and Sharp's rifle movement of
the next few years we became active on committees,
and this led in 1857 to an acquaintance with John
Brown, the Kansas hero, whose good cause we both
supported, until the whole North took it up in the
second year of the Civil War." Mr. Sanborn re-
calls his friend's early and long-continued connec-
tion, as contributor, with " The Atlantic Monthly,"
for which he wrote more or less frequently during
half a century or longer. His military service,
though interrupted by illness, "added to his equip-
ment for an all-round literary life, the part which he
chiefly and excellently filled. Few Americans have
written on more themes, with a better preparation,
or a more comprehensive, exact (and exacting)
method."
The grind and the genius ought to be united
in the same person if there is any truth in the defini-
tion of genius as an infinite capacity for taking
pains. But men generally like to believe that the
genius, whether poet or painter or inventor, is born
and not made by any amount of drudgery or self-
discipline. A ray of light, feeble enough, perhaps,
seems to be thrown on the question by an investiga-
tion conducted by the " Cornell Era," which shows
that out of one hundred and seventy Cornell alumni
of success and prominence, one hundred and one
were known as grinds in their college days, while
sixty-nine were of the gayer, more socially promi-
nent, or athletically eminent sort. It is significant
that sixty-seven of the one hundred and one have
achieved success as educators. Perhaps there is
nothing that the thorough grind takes to so natu-
rally, after he has ground his way to a summa cum
laude diploma, as the perpetuation of his kind. Only
thirteen authors and ten journalists are noted among
the distinguished hundred and one, and so there is
little in these results to weaken our conviction that
creative literary artists are not producible at will by
any sort of educational training. By a happy coin-
cidence, President Schurman has just issued a state-
ment of the comparative scholarship of fraternity
men and non-fraternity men as ascertained by an
examination of the records of students dropped by
Cornell at mid-year because of inferior scholarship.
The non-fraternity men, who in general may be
reckoned the grinds, lost only one and one-tenth per
cent of their whole number in this weeding-out of
the unfit, while the society men lost three and eight-
tenths per cent. On the whole it seems wiser and


1911.]
431
THE
DIAL,
safer for the average student to grind than to loaf
and play; hut hy no process of grind can he make
sure of a niche in the Hall of Fame, or even of a
ten-line paragraph in " Who's Who."
• ■ a
Some specimens of grave-yard poetry that
meet the eyes of visitors to the Springfield (Mass.)
cemetery immortalized in J. 6. Holland's historical
novel, "The Bay Path," tempt one to indulge in a
little quotation. The present cemetery, it is true,
cannot boast the antiquity of the old one desecrated
by the invasion of the railway; but to it were
removed in 1848 the mortal remains and the head-
stones that had occupied the ancient bury ing-ground.
A diligent hand has transcribed the more curious
of the epitaphs, among which a few may interest
our readers. The following is noteworthy as
being found, with occasional variations, in other
cemeteries besides that at Springfield, where it was
inscribed in 1785 on the head-stone of one Joseph
Ashley. With a slight change it occurs again in
the same cemetery.
"Reader, behold as you pass by.
As you are now, so once was I:
As I am now, so you must be.
Prepare for deth and follow me."
To more than one irreverent reader of this inscrip-
tion must have come the impulse to reply:
"To follow you I Ve no intent
Until I know which way you went."
Here is a couplet, simple and touching, though
defective in rhyme unless we are to conclude that
the pronunciation of 1782 made the defect non-
existent to the Springfielder8 of that day:
"Persia alas is gone
And left her friends to moan."
On the stone of Mary Pynchon, who died in 1657,
may be read the following quaint though limping
lines:
"She yt lyes here was while shoe stood
A very glory of womanhood.
Even here was sowne most pretious dust
Which surely shall rise with the just."
To the lover of elegiac verse what printed book of
poetry can compare with an ancient bury ing-ground?
Pathos and humor, so notably akin, meet and blend
there, if anywhere, however unintentional the
humor, and however heartrending the grief of the
elegiac poet himself.
• • •
The greatest library event in library history,
measured by material standards, was the opening in
New York, last week, of the splendid building that
has cost more than ten million dollars, that contains
literary and art treasures worth several millions
more, and that occupies a site valued at about
twenty millions. Full reports of the dedicatory
exercises of May 23 have appeared in the local
press, and more or less abbreviated accounts have
found their way into many other journals through-
out the land. On the day following the dedication
the library opened its doors to the reading public,
and its one million and more volumes became avail-
able for use after five months spent in transferring
them from the Astor and Lenox buildings. That
the moving did not take more time must be attri-
buted to the admirable system whereby each book's
destined location was accurately determined in
advance. The transfer of the vast library had,
of course, to be mentally accomplished before its
material execution began, and the skill and judg-
ment shown in the arrangement of so many volumes
with reference to their probable frequency of de-
mand may well stir one's admiration. From the
first embryonic outline of the new building, drawn
years ago by Dr. Billings on a postal card, there
has developed the present magnificent structure, the
most elaborately and carefully planned, and ex-
pected to prove the most satisfactory, as it is the
most modern, library building in the world.
• • •
The charm of Oxford fades not with age, but
notably increases. Something of the atmosphere
of the ancient university makes itself pleasantly felt
in a descriptive and reminiscent article, "The Flavor
of Life at Oxford," in the June " Century Magazine,"
from the pen of Mr. Tertius Van Dyke, a recently
graduated Rhodes scholar, we infer. Phases of
university life and types of character are briefly
but effectively presented. Here is a familiar scene:
"Every afternoon the streets of Oxford swarm with
bareheaded undergraduates in ' shorts ' or 'flannels,'
bicycling to their various college athletic fields.
Several hours later you will see them returning
splashed with mud and eager for a bath and the
inevitable cup of tea." The American student at
Oxford must be churlish indeed, thinks Mr. Van
Dyke, not to be irresistibly attracted toward his
English cousin; but nevertheless " disagreeable men
are here as well as elsewhere, and of snobbish men
more than a fair proportion," who have been known
to commit the rudeness of gorgonizing the free and
independent American with a stony British stare.
To the graduate of one of our colleges, concludes the
writer, "Oxford offers innumerable benefits. It is
an enlightening and inspiring experience to dwell
within the walls of this most ancient of all English
universities, nor need you return any the less a true
American because of your admiration for England
and the Englishmen." Mr. Fred Pegram has well
illustrated the article with sundry scenes from
Oxford student life.
A reform in travelling-library methods has
been lately either instituted or taken under consid-
eration by the more progressive managers of such
libraries. As long ago, indeed, as 1907 the New
Jersey Public Library Commission changed from
the old system of sending out irrevocably fixed
groups of books, in orderly rotation, to designated
depositaries, regardless of the tastes and desires of
the readers. Intelligent selection and the invitation
of requests from those to whom the books were to go
could not but produce gratifying results. In Kansas,
more recently, as set forth in the sixth biennial report


432
[June 1,
THE
DIAL.
of the commission for travelling libraries, foreordi-
nation absolute has given place to a more flexible
scheme in the circulation of these movable collections
of literature. "This system," says the secretary of
the commission, " involves vastly more labor than the
unit or fixed-group plan in use in many states. Then,
too, under the fixed-group plan, a most desirable
selection of books may be placed in every library.
But . . . books selected for general use will not
be read as are the books selected by the readers
themselves." Thus it is getting itself pretty well
understood that the library, like the Sabbath, was
made for man, not man for the library.
• • •
Distinctive features of the Thirteenth
Census are outlined in a communication from the
Bureau. Preliminary bulletins will, as usual, be
published; but these will in some instances vary in
character according to the section or State to which
they are to go. "The most interesting feature of
this scheme," we are informed, "is the plan to com-
bine, in one volume for each state, all the bulletins
for the United States on general topics, and the
bulletins of a state in a State Compendium. By
far the greater number of inquirers as to census
figures have heretofore found practically all the
information they desired in the Abstract of the
census. The proposed plan will give them this in-
formation in the State Compendium, together with
special information regarding the state and county,
or city, in which they live. The State Compendium
might therefore be described as a state edition of
the Census Abstract. . . . The final reports will be
issued in smaller editions than heretofore, and, being
mainly for general reference purposes, preference
will be given to their distribution to libraries and
institutions of learning." The new plan seems
likely to achieve certain desirable ends in the way
of economy and brevity and adaptation to local or
special requirements, in a manner not hitherto at-
tempted by our ponderous decennial census report.
The head-liner's art is of comparatively re-
cent development. A hundred years ago, or even
fifty , no one thought of trying to pack the gist of
a newspaper article, and still less of a book, into
three or four attention-compelling words. A book's
title could meander all the way down the title-page,
in varied assortments of type, and news headings
had a leisurely, go-as-you-please appearance that
would never be allowed in this day and generation.
Now the head-line must be so skilfully wrought as
not to fail of a startling or an astonishing or a
puzzling or a terrifying effect. "Glad Bags for
Masculinity" would have been an inconceivable
heading, half a century ago, for a newspaper report
of a movement in favor of a more variegated male
costume than that sanctioned by convention. Yet
that very head-line confronts one to-day in a sober
and reputable Boston journal. At the same time
we cull from one of Baltimore's most authoritative
daily papers the following: "Now It's Jagless
Beer." This is to introduce an account of a de-
alcoholized malt liquor, a lager that cheers but not
inebriates. Another issue of the same excellent
journal combines pithy brevity with faultless rhyme
in its heading for the sad story of an unsuccessful
traveling salesman of St. Louis who hanged himself
in order that his wife and children might receive
the insurance on his life. "Took Life to Aid
Wife" neatly sums up the whole melancholy occur-
rence. But it is in base-ball headings that the
head-line artist surpasses himself. "Bisons Take
Another" informs the initiated that the Buffalo
team has scored a fresh victory; and " Orioles Fly
North" is not an ornithological announcement, but
apprises the sporting world that the Baltimore nine
is on tour in a cooler clime. The successful head-
liner of to-day must be able to say more, and to say
it more vehemently, in three words than his eigh-
teenth-century predecessor could in three hundred.
A forthcoming memoir of Colonel Higgin-
son, for publication in the Proceedings of the
Massachusetts Historical Society will have for its
competent author Professor Edward Channing,
who was united to the late poet, historian, and
essayist by ties both of affinity and of literary
collaboration. Higginson's first wife was Mary
Channing, sister of the poet Ellery Channing; and
it was with this Professor Channing of a later gen-
eration that he prepared his recent textbook of Eng-
lish history for American readers. This collabora-
tion was significant and characteristic. Thomas
Wentworth Higginson, founder in his vigorous old
age, with Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, of the Boston
Authors' Club, was never too old to fraternize with
youth. Hence the fitness of this selection of so
comparatively young a man as Professor Channing
to pay tribute to his memory in the records of the
Massachusetts Historical Society. Nor will it, we
hope and believe, be a mere formal eulogy that, in
the course of time, is to come from his experienced
pen. . . .
Book thieves before the Children's Court
in Brooklyn have apparently been brought to a sense
of their wrong-doing in disregarding the function
of the charging desk at the public library. The
superintendent of the juvenile department at the
Brooklyn Public Library writes, in the current
report of that well-administered institution: "A
few examples will, it is believed, clear the air in a
way to deter children who, rather from the spirit of
adventure than from coveting the books for them-
selves, form the habit of stealing and of thinking
lightly of the wrong. We feel it an obligation upon
us as a public institution thus to help train the chil-
dren in civic righteousness, even though the actual
book loss may not cripple our work." The open-
shelf problem might, in the course of a generation,


1911.J
433
THE
DIAL
lose something of its perplexity if every public
library were to adopt some means whereby its
juvenile patrons should become well-grounded in
civic righteousness before passing into the larger
liberties of the adult department.
• • •
The growth of the Poe memorial fund for
tbe erection of a monument to that author in
Baltimore has been of a gratifying, even if not a
startling, nature during the past twelve months.
From a published statement of the Edgar Allan Foe
Memorial Association, we learn that various schools,
clubs, and dramatic associations, in and around
Baltimore, have raised and sent in, since May, 1910,
the creditable sum of five hundred and twenty-seven
dollars. Possibly some of Poe's admirers outside
of Maryland may feel prompted, on reading this
note, to contribute toward the commemoration of a
too little recognized genius. His recent admission
to the Hall of Fame, though tardy, encourages one
to hope that, after all, he will in time come into
full possession of his own. The treasurer of
the Poe Memorial Association is Mr. George C.
Morrison, of the Baltimore Trust Co.
The Higginson Room in the Cambridge
Public Library will be visited with keener inter-
est and by more persons at this time than ever
before. In that room are gathered letters and
manuscripts from the pens of such celebrities as
Washington, Emerson, Longfellow, and Lowell,
many of them the gift of Colonel Higginson to the
library of his native town. The card-catalogue,
however, contains a more eloquent testimonial to
the deceased author than any room or museum
honored with his name. This mute memorial
confronts the opener of the "H" drawer, in the
thumbed and frayed and soiled condition of the
cards bearing the titles of Higginson's writings;
and the books themselves are said to be no less
thumbed and worn and dog-eared than the cards,
with the addition of frequent marginal comments of
an emphatically commendatory character. Surely,
far more gratifying than to be able to leave foot-
prints on the shifting sands of time is it to cause the
thumb-prints of others to be left on one's own per-
manent additions to the literature of one's country.
• * •
The resignation of Amherst's librarian,
accepted with reluctance by the Amherst trustees,
comes as a surprise and causes deep regret to all
who have enjoyed, are now enjoying, or hoped to
enjoy, the benefit of his ready and invaluable assist-
ance in literary research at the important post he
has held for twenty-three years. Born at Burling-
ton, Vermont, in 1844, Mr. Fletcher served his
country in the Civil War before adopting the peace-
ful profession of librarianship. He was associated
with Dr. William F. Poole in charge of the Boston
Athenaeum for five years, an association afterward
continued in the indispensable periodical Index
known by the elder editor's name. Three librarian-
ships in Connecticut towns preceded Mr. Fletcher's
call to the important position at Amherst College
from which he now retires. His son and assistant,
Mr. Robert S. Fletcher, Amherst '97, will be his
successor.
• • •
For light summer reading, or summer light
reading, if you prefer, nothing seems to be making
such a hit (if one may judge by the persistent
advertisements) as the new "Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica," printed on that marvellously thin and at the
same time opaque and tough India paper, with
flexible leather binding and quantities of illustra-
tions. The popular magazines are hopelessly out-
distanced by these attractive, handy, back-bendable,
less-than-one-inch-thick volumes. "The only book
I am taking with me on a three months' vacation
is the Eleventh Edition of The Encyclopaedia
Britannica," is a specimen commendatory letter
"from a physician and author" to the publishers.
Whether for light summer or heavy winter reading,
or for medium-weight spring and fall literature,
one could easily make a worse choice than the new
"Britannica." ...
A new library building for the Gray
Herbarium at Harvard is now assured by the gift
of twenty-five thousand dollars from an anonymous
benefactor. The structure will be fire-proof and
otherwise adapted to the proper housing of what is
accounted the best collection of botanical literature
in the country. Indicative of the prominence of
botany among the natural sciences is the size of
this collection, — about twenty thousand volumes.
Thus are the signs multiplying in the library world,
that the warning of the Albany fire has not gone
unheeded. What was New York's loss, in the
damage done to its State Library, is proving to be
others' gain, in a general awakening to the risks
involved in the inadequate housing of valuable
libraries.
THE LIBRARIANS' CONFERENCE
AT PASADENA.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
"Not the biggest but the best," expresses the verdict
of the American librarians on the Pasadena meeting of
their Association. It was not only in the work accom-
plished and the practical benefits gained, but also in
the keen enjoyment of the occasion, and in the fine spirit
of mutual helpfulness and cordial cooperation that pre-
vailed, that the conference was felt to be distinctive and
memorable among the thirty-three annual meetings of
the Association. Perfect weather continued through-
out the conference week, and the charm of Pasadena at
its best was felt and appreciated by all. The enter-
tainments that were provided for visitors, — including


434
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
agreeable social affairs, automobile rides through
orange-groves and neighboring foot-hills, a trip by
special train to Riverside, an ocean voyage to Catalina
Island, and trolley trips along the ocean beaches, —
were new experiences to many and were heartily en-
joyed. The attractive and well-equipped "Maryland"
hotel, with its cheerful interior and spacious and secluded
grounds, made admirable headquarters for the Associ-
ation and pleasant homes for many of the members;
and the pretty Shakespeare Club-house, a short distance
away, afforded an adequate and cheerful auditorium
which was usually well filled with eager listeners to
addresses and discussions.
"Books for all the people" is the key-note to what
was probably the most absorbing subject before the
Convention, certainly the one of greatest interest to the
general public. This comparatively new institution
might be described as a sort of library extension ser-
vice, whereby library privileges, usually limited to the
inhabitants of cities and towns where libraries are situ-
ated, are to be extended to the people everywhere, —
in the small village, the remote hamlet, the farm, even
the mining-camp. It is a sort of "Rural Free De-
livery" of books, making them a vital factor in our
educational system, and bringing the public library and
the public school into closer relations and more useful
service. Wherever free schools exist, facilities are to
be provided for the free use of the books of the public
libraries. The conception is a fine one; and while it has
been developing for years, and has been carried into
successful execution in some regions, it has received its
greatest impetus at this Convention, where results
already known and practical means proposed were fully
and profitably discussed. The preferred plan for the
work seems to be the establishing of a system of free
county libraries, a system which has been made the sub-
ject of extensive experiment and study in California,
where a new and, on the whole, excellent " County Free
Library Law " was enacted and went into effect only a
few months ago. This act gives boards of county
supervisors "power to establish and maintain, within
their respective counties, county free libraries," and
prescribes the manner in which they shall be sustained
and administered. An important feature of the new
system is that it brings all the county libraries into
correlation with the State library, and makes the re-
sources of the latter available to all the people of the
State, many of whom are now without library advan-
tages of any kind.
Next to the topic just considered, the one that
seemed to call out the liveliest interest was the rela-
tion of the public library to the municipal civil service,
and incidentally the necessity of "keeping the public
library out of politics " — a matter on which the head
librarians feel somewhat keenly, and in which some of
them have had some rather trying experiences. An
instructive paper on " Municipal Civil Service as affect-
ing libraries" was read by Air. J. T. Jennings, of the
Seattle Public Library, and was followed by a spirited
discussion which left no doubt of the belief of most of
the librarians that municipal civil service hampers rather
than helps a library. So long as a librarian is made
responsible for the management of bis library, he, it
was urged, should be allowed to judge of the efficiency
aud value of his library staff. Such seemed to be the
general consensus of opinion at the meeting, although
there were a few dissenting voices. None, however,
were heard as to the desirability of keeping library ad-
ministration free from the taint of political influences.
The proceedings of this meeting give one a vivid
conception of the extraordinary range of activities and
interests in a librarian's life. The topics covered a
wide ground— from such techical matters as the quali-
ties of printing papers and the strength of leather
fibres used in bindings, to the details of library methods
of accounting, problems of library architecture, methods
of selecting books for library use, matters of library
administration and economy, and the means of pro-
moting the library's usefulness to the community
and making it more intimately related to the public
educational system. The discussion of these and many
other matters of practical concern to all library workers,
and the free interchange of views and experiences,
could hardly fail to be of much benefit to all. These
gatherings have become a great national clearing-
house for ideas and knowledge coming from the bright-
est minds and ripest experience in the library profession.
Besides the two leading topics already noted, many
important subjects were treated in carefully considered
papers and addresses, — among them being the address
of President Wyer on "What the Community Owes to
the Library"; that on "Library Censorship of Books,"
by Mr. Willard H. Wright; " Exploitation of the Public
Library," by Mr. A. E. bostwick; on "Problems of Book-
Selection for Libraries," by the editor of The Dial; on
"Children's Rooms in Libraries," by Mr. H. E. Legler;
on " Library Extension," by Mr. M. S Dudgeon, Miss
Harriet G. Eddy, and others; on "The Desirability of
Closer Relations between the Public Library and the Pub-
lic Schools," by Mr. A. H. Chamberlain; on "Materials
and Methods in Book-binding," by Mr. Cedric Chi vers;
and on "The Use and Meaning of Books," by Dr.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler and Dr. J. A. B. Scherer.
There were also innumerable special sections and meet-
ings at which papers were read and discussed, and
important business was transacted.
The closing day of the meeting (May 24) was given
up to what was called a "California programme,"
with addresses by Governor Johnson, Mr. Lincoln otef-
fens, and Mr. George Wharton James. Some of these
addresses, it may be said, showed a somewhat tactless
misconception of the occasion and its needs. The Gov-
ernor of the State, who so recently signed the act pro-
viding for county library systems in California, missed
his chance of saying some appropriate words on a mat-
ter so important and interesting to librarians, and gave
tbem instead an energetic but inopportune political
harangue; while another speaker is reported to have
said, "If you want good government, don't let the
women vote " — a singular exhortation to be addressed
to an audience composed largely of women, most of
them self-supporting workers in libraries, and some of
them entrusted with the management of large libraries
and numerous employees, some of whom are men who
vote. If the Convention had any answer to this rather
ill-timed example of infelicitous expression, it had
already been given in the election of a woman — Mrs.
H. L. Elmendorf—-to the Presidency of the American
Library Association. This event, and the development
of the " library extension movement " that seems likely
to result from the impetus given it at this meeting,
would alone be sufficient to make the Pasadena Con-
ference a memorable one.
Pasadena, Cal., May 25, 1911.


1911.]
435
THE DIAL
COMMUNICA TIONS.
LOWELL AND THE RUSSIAN MISSION.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
When the letters of James Russell Lowell, edited by
Charles Eliot Norton, were published in 1894, I was
much surprised to note that though letters telling of
Mr. Lowell's refusal "to run for Congress" in 1876,
and of his appointment by President Hayes to Madrid
in 1877, were printed, there were none to show that his
political importance had had an earlier recognition, and
that in 1874 he had been offered the Russian Mission
by President Grant, and had refused it. I wrote Mr.
Norton asking the reason for this omission, and stating
that I had in my possession a note from Mr. Lowell on
the subject. Of this note, and of Mr. Norton's answer
to me, I send you photographic copies, so that there
may be no mistake in their publication.
Elmwood, 24th Nov'r, 1874.
Dear Mr. James,—
That teas the reason, though I should as soon think
of going to Ursa Major as to him of Russia. But
the place had just been offered me & I was bound in
courtesy to ask a few days for consideration — during
which I could call myself an excellency. But my
country is not to lose me at present.
Very truly yours
J. R. Lowell.
Shady Hill, Cambridge.
13 April, 1894.
My dear Mr. James,—
I thank you for your kind letter in regard to the
offer of the Russian mission to .Mr. Lowell. I was
aware of the fact, but I am glad to add your statement
to the other material respecting Mr. Lowell's life
already in my hands.
I am,
Sincerely yours,
C. E. Norton.
After the receipt of Mr. Norton's note I had no
further communication with him. As long as he lived
I hoped he would make unnecessary any reference on
my part to this matter. I knew that after the publica-
tion of the Lowell Letters he denied having had the
missing and much-looked-for Spanish letters; but these
he afterwards found, as he said, and proposed to have
them published in a separate volume. He refused per-
mission to an eminent Spanish gentleman for the print-
ing of letters from Mr. Lowell to the gentleman's
mother, who was a close friend of Mr. Lowell's and
one to whom he felt strong obligation. These letters,
I am told, may soon be published, and, I hope, the
Spanish letters also. George Abbot James.
Nahant, Mass., May 20, 1911.
ANGLO-AMERICAN COPYRIGHT.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In your department of "Casual Comment," on page
339 of your issue of May 1, you speak of the Anglo-
American copyright agreement as if it were an equal
benefit to Great Britain and the United States. Authors
and others in this country who are interested in the ques-
tion of copyright regard the agreement as extremely
unjust to British authors, printers, and publishers, who
can only obtain copyright by having a book printed and
published in the United States, while American authors
can obtain copyright here without any such restriction.
I, for one among many here, am very sorry that Great
Britain ever entered into so inequitable an agreement,
and am in favor of its being put an end to. If the
United States will not enter into a just arrangement,
let us abolish all copyright relations with them, and re-
turn to the old days of literary piracy in both countries.
American authors have so increased in numbers of late
years, and are now so much read here, that they would
be sure to cry out, and the result might well be that a
just agreement would be entered into between the two
countries. Lavin Hill, C. B.
Bromley, Kent, England, May 10, 1911.
[We have re-read our editorial paragraph re-
ferred to, but fail to find therein anything to justify
the statement in our correspondent's opening sen-
tence. As a matter of fact, The Dial has at all
times protested against the vicious manufacturing
clause and other restrictions in our copyright laws
which give this country its present unenviable posi-
tion in the matter of international copyright. Only
a short time ago, in commenting on the pending
English copyright bill, we said: "The proposed
English law would apply to citizens or residents of
the kingdom or empire, and to citizens of states
in copyright relations with Great Britain. It would
be for the Crown to ascertain whether this country,
under its statute of 1909, is granting such copy-
right protection to British subjects as to entitle it
to claim the protection of the proposed law for its
own citizens. Not unnaturally or unjustly would
our manufacturing requirements and other petty
restrictions be considered as barring us from the
copyright privileges extended to other nations.
Deplorable and humiliating is it that this country,
because of its absurd copyright laws, should be the
only civilized nation excluded from the benefits to
accrue from the deliberations, now in progress, of
the Berne Convention in its attempts to harmonize
and systematize the copyright requirements of the
literary world."—Editor.]
"A HUNDRED YEARS TO COME"
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
I do not know that it adds anything to your rescue
of the poem, "A Hundred Years to Come," for its true
author; but I have in hand proof that it appeared
in the "Sabbath School Bell," compiled by Horace
Waters, set to music by J. R. Osgood. This song-
book was printed in Cleveland, Ohio, at 191 Superior
St., by O. H. Ingham and Bragg, — and "entered"
1859 in the Southern District of New York. The
poem is here attributed to "W. C. Bi-own." The "C."
is doubtless an error of print. S. T. Kidder.
McGregor, Iowa, May 20, 1911.


436
[June 1,
THE DIAL
%	 gefar iooks.
The New Stevexson Letters.*
The position of Stevenson the writer has
been determined by the public, if not by the
critics. His work has been properly assigned to
its place among the lesser classics. The posi-
tion of Stevenson the man is more ambiguous.
As Henley feared, his rich and glowing per-
sonality has been sunk (by the public) in the
Moral Optimist. Everywhere one finds broad-
sides, calendars, and post-cards bearing quota-
tions from his smiling philosophy, as Hood
called it before Stevenson was born, and the
selection is nine times out of ten from his more
platitudinous and less characteristic utterances.
The " canary bird," as he called himself when
in this humor, pipes in a thousand American
homes. The advertisement of the business
boomer is clinched by a Stevenson quotation;
and it is impossible to be comfortably depressed
in most houses because of the Vailima placards
on the walls. No wonder that Henley com-
plained that they were trying to make a saint
of his "Lewis."
Nevertheless, there is a kind of false truth
and a working through error to appreciation in
this moral cult of R.L.S. His best books are
perfect; yet for each in its kind there is a
greater. "Treasure Island " is not" The Three
Musketeers." The essays may be better than
Benson, yet they are not so good as Lamb.
The travels will not bear the touchstone of " A
Sentimental Journey." But his personality was
unique. Our snappers-up of moral sentiments
seem to be feeling for this personality, even if
they feel but a part of it. Perhaps they are on
the trail of what will be his greatest fame.
Here lies the value of the letters. In one
conclusion all intimates of Stevenson agree: his
talk was incomparable. "That far-glancing,
variously colored, intensely romantic and fla-
grantly humorous expression of life—the talk of
R.L.S.," says Henley, who knew. And again,
"As he was primarily a talker, his printed
works, like those of others after his kind, are but
a sop for posterity." But talk, as Stevenson
says in his e3say on "Talk and Talkers," is
preeminently an expression of personality. In
his talk, his personality, so all agree, sprang to
light, revelled, was greater and more various
* The Lettebs of Robert Louis Stevenson. Edited
by Sidney Colvin. A new edition, rearranged in four vol-
umes, with one hundred and fifty new letters. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.
than itself. And it is in his letters only that
his talk survives. They are faint and pale, no
doubt, when compared with the living voice;
but, though Henley, who knew the man. may
sneer at them, and at us, they are more than a
sop for posterity. In them, indeed, Stevenson
is revealed with astonishing lucidity. A dis-
cerning reader will see him fingering his exquis-
itely sensitive spirit like a cello; will recognize
that intense self-consciousness which his critics
called vanity, and thanks to it will find full
and vivid records of the impressions made upon
a remarkable mind by a multi-colored life. He
will discover both Stevenson's Stevenson, and
the real Stevenson. The Moral Optimist will
be absorbed in a broader and richer personality,
and the R.L.S. of contemporary estimate will
give place to a figure of inexhaustible charm.
All of this is true of the old collections of
Stevenson letters; but it is much truer of the
new edition now published, wherein the two
groups of letters hitherto published separately
are brought together into one group chronolo-
gically arranged, with one hundred and fifty
entirely new letters distributed through the
four volumes. The new letters are for the
most part early ones. There are delightful
draughts from the correspondence with Mrs.
Sitwell (now Mrs. Colvin), in which the boy
pours out his fresh impressions before her. He
tries desperately to get the right words for the
flight of Mediterranean gulls; he rhapsodizes
upon an imagination of his own death; he fails
in his attempts to express himself and is hurt
by the bad style; he offends a servant and
describes the complicated moods which hinder
his apology; he opens up his heart to her:
"However, thank God it is life I want, and
nothing posthumous, and for two good emo-
tions I would sacrifice a thousand years of
fame." He eases himself of the misery which
came from unhappy religious differences with
his father: "I lay in bed this morning awake,
for I was tired and cold and in no hurry to
rise, and heard my father go out for the papers;
and then I lay and wished,—O if he would only
whistle when he comes in again! But of
course he did not. I have stopped that pipe."
One gets a better idea than ever before of
Stevenson's artistic growth from these letters
to Mrs. Sitwell; they emphasize the deep sensi-
bility, and the infinite search for expressiveness,
which together made him famous.
There are new views into the moral core of
the man; best of all, perhaps, in the letters
upon purity to Trevor Haddon. There are the


1911.]
437
THE
DIAL
critic's obiter dicta: "Beware of realism; it is
the devil; 'tis one of the means of art, and now
they make it the end!" "Bow your head over
technique. Think of technique when you rise
and when you go to bed. Forget purposes in
the meanwhile. . . . Then when you have any-
thing to say, the language will be apt and copi-
ous." Best of all are more personal glimpses
of the boy and the man. He is in Menton,
in 1874: "We have all been getting photo-
graphed. . . . Madame Zassetsky arranged me
for mine, and then said to the photographer:
'C'est mon fils. II vient d'avoir dix-neuf ans.
B est tout fier de sa moustache. Tachez de la
faire paraitre,' and then bolted. . . . The artist
was quite serious, and explained that he would
try to 'faire ressortir ce que veut Madame la
Princesse' to the best of his ability; he bowed
very much to me, after this, in quality of
Prince, you see. I bowed in return and handled
the flap of my cloak after the most princely
fashion I could command." At Chester, in
1874, the verger shows them the cathedral:
"'Ah,' says he, 'You're very fond of music'
I said I was. 'Yes, I could tell that by your
head,' he answered. 'There's a deal in that
head.' ... I said it might be so, but I found
it hard, at least, to get it out. Then my father
cut in brutally, said anyway I had no ear, and
left the verger so distressed and shaken in the
foundations of his creed that, I hear, he got
my father aside afterwards and said he was
sure there was something in my face, and
wanted to know what it was, if not music."
He writes to Colvin, introducing his cousin:
"You know me now. Well, Bob is just such
another mutton, only somewhat farther wan-
dered." When he is in a hot corner he takes
to an exciting story for solace: "I stick my
head into a story-book, as the ostrich with her
bush; let fate and fortune meantime belabor my
posteriors at their will." From Honolulu in
1889 he acknowledges his debts: "Is it possi-
ble I have wounded you in some way? ... If
so, don't write, and you can pitch into me when
we meet. I am, admittedly, as mild as London
Stout now; and the Old Man Virulent much a
creature of the past. My dear Colvin, I owe
you and Fleeming Jenkin, the two older men
who took the trouble, and knew how to make
a friend of me, everything that I have or am:
if I have behaved ill, just hold on and give me
a chance, you shall have the slanging of me
and I bet I shall prefer it to this silence."
There are not many new epistles in the cor-
respondence written from the South Seas in the
last years of his life, and these few, like the
familiar Vailima letters which they supplement,
are not of Stevenson's best. A letter from
Mrs. Stevenson, now for the first time printed
suggests a reason for this. Louis had taken it
"into his Scotch Stevenson head " to be prac-
tical, to get the facts about the islanders. He
refused to be personal and impressionistic.
The result is that his books upon South Sea
life are but doubtful successes, and his wife's
description of his friend, Ori, the bronze chief-
tain with the wreath of golden yellow leaves, is
more vivid than anything of Stevenson's own,
and makes one weep to think of the letters
which he might have written and did not.
But if the last of these letters are disappoint-
ing, both in old materials and in new, we will
not complain. R. L. S. did not materially change;
abundant glimpses show that he did not. He
saved his imagination for his fiction, and wrote
of his actions to his friends. Nevertheless, even
in this latter, fact-crammed correspondence, the
impression of his personality is remarkably com-
plete. Indeed, after reading through this new
edition, one is ready to answer the conventional
statement, "Letter-writing is a lost art," with an
emphatic," Nonsense, it is only a changed one!"
The formal letter, easy yet perfect, construct-
ed like an essay, delivered like a set speech, is
seemingly extinct. It was a beautiful thing as
Walpole and Cowper wrote it, but it has gone
its way along with true Georgian architecture,
the formal garden, and the periodical essay.
These Stevenson letters are of a different breed.
They vividly strike off the flux and reflux of
the writer's thoughts. They record his moods.
The style changes as he changes. "Poor Fer-
rier, it bust me horrid," he writes as the death
of his friend jumps into his mind in the midst
of the business of his correspondence. Whole
letters in his earlier years are nothing but
attempts to put his sensations into words.
They are impressionistic of talk; they are a
kind of impressionism, and in this way typical
perhaps of the best letters of this age.
This, indeed, is what makes them so charming
and so notable, for it is by means of successful
impressionism that Stevenson's personality is
alive for us in these pages. To me it is the
most interesting personality of the period; to
many it will be the one best worth knowing;
certainly, thanks to this collection, it is the one
best expressed. Thanks to it also, we, too, like
his friends, may come to feel that R. L. S. is
more wonderful than his books.
Henry Seidel Canby.


438
[June 1,
THE DIAL
Nature's Open Shop.*
People as far gone in commercialism as we
are can scarcely escape thinking in connection
with nature at this time of year the thought
expressed by the phrase "open shop." It is
the greatest of Spring enterprises which is being
undertaken in fields and woods, — that of
preparing beauty and refreshment enough for
masses of humanity the world over during all
the out-door time of year; and the unrestricted
and whole-hearted openness with which that
work is being done cannot escape the most
casual on-looker. Everyone and everything
that can help is allowed to enter freely into the
work. The blossoming trees and shrubs take
charge of the displays, the leaves unroll their
fabrics from every conceivable daintiness of
packing, the grass and wood-flowers spread the
rarest of carpets, and the clouds send down
their showers to cleanse and fructify. In the
chorus which inspires the laborers and lightens
their task the thrush is choir-master, and all
the other birds lend their voices, with no thought
of boycotting the frogs if they should chance
to join in. There is no over-work in this great
cooperative enterprise, and no time-keeper but
the sun; no bells ring except those of the blue-
bells, and no whistles sound except those of
the cardinal and the oriole; no badges are re-
quired and no wages expected, but each worker
is the happier the more co-workers he has.
You yourself may join the brotherhood for the
mere choosing, even if you can do nothing but
appreciate the work of the others. But
"Hate, the shadow of a grain,
You are lost in Westermain."
Though we must each take the work and the
pleasure of this resurrection of the earth's
beauty in our own way, and get much or little
from it as we can, few of us hesitate to listen
to those who have had more experience than
we. Nature books bore some people, but prob-
ably the stupidest of such books never altogether
bored a real nature-lover. Certainly the most
easily bored of readers can have nothing to fear
in the few volumes that come to the nature-
* Music of the Wild. By Gene Stratton-Porter. With
reproductions of the performers, their instruments and
festival halls. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
Neiohbors Unknown. By Charles G. D. Roberts.
Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
East and West. Comparative Studies of Nature in
Eastern and Western States. By Stanton Davis Kirkham.
Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Face of the Fields. By Dallas Lore Sharp.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
lover's shelf this Spring, each of them from an
expert, and each in a field of its own.
The same intense love of out-door beauty which
makes us all remember Mrs. Gene Stratton-
Porter's best-known story," Freckles," is shown
in her new book, " Music of the Wild," a large
volume with an ampler range of subject than
the title would suggest. To the author's open
mind the "music" of owl and hawk and bat
belong to the " Chorus of the Forest" as well
as that of chewink or grosbeak, and her delicate
ear catches also the fairy sayings of moth and
flower. Her judgment is not warped, because
she knows which song is sweetest; but she insists
that each angel have his due whether he be black
or white. So crow and cricket, hop-toad and
katy-did, have their meed of praise. The book
is sumptuously illustrated, and those of us who
are still children enough to like good pictures
will take pleasure in the photographs, " taken at
home," of nestlings in all stages of gawkiness,
and grown-ups — both bird and plant — in all
phases of beautiful maturity.
The place of animals in nature's free house of
growth has always been eloquently championed
by Mr. Charles Gr. D. Roberts, and he now adds
to his list of books about animals a collection
of new stories, under the title " Neighbors Un-
known." All of these neighbors — the black
bear, the caribou, the killer-whale, the lynx —
are known to us in appearance and outward
characteristics, but not in the intimacy of life
and death with which Mr. Roberts knows them.
The truth that strikes him most forcibly is that
the hunter becomes the hunted. The small
dragon-fly is caught by the large, the large is
swallowed by the heron, and the heron falls a prey
to the mink; the puffin catches the fish, but the
skua catches the puffin. Man stands at the apex
of this pyramid of destruction, felling the grizzly
which has captured a seal, and the whale which
has left a bloody path in the sea. But man is
not always victor, for a moment's drowsiness
in his night-watch makes him a victim to the
wolf-pack; nor are the stories all tragedies, for
the crazy loon has wit enough to escape from the
hand of the fowler, and the mother panther gets
her cubs back from his thievery and escapes
unhurt. Most of the stories are too cruel for
children, but "How a Cat Played Robinson
Crusoe " and the " Tunnel Runners "—the story
of a marsh-mouse — are excellent for young
readers. The drawings by Mr. Paul Bransom
are full of life, and characterize faithfully the
animals portrayed.
In "East and West," Mr. Stanton Davis


1911.]
439
THE
DIAL
Kirkham has covered the extremes of the United
States, which he calls " the most beautiful play-
ground in the world," and some of the middle
region. From Cape Cod, "where the ghost of
the ice still haunts the lonely Dogtown Com-
mons, and the imaginative mind will not fail
to conjure up the ancient glacier," he passes
through the wilderness of the northern woods,
paddles down the Adirondack lakes, and stops
to live a time among the trees of the Catskills,
whose companionableness no one knows " until
he has lived among them and heard them day
after day sighing in the rain, whispering in the
breeze, and singing in the wind, until he ac-
customs himself to look through their dim isles
and out of their oriel windows." From the "pre-
eminently pastoral "cultivation of western New
York he crosses to Southern California, where
"like a garment the chaparral covers the tree-
less spurs and peaks of the Santa Inez, — tall
and luxuriant and almost impenetrable without
a machete or axe." There are excellent des-
criptions of the Cactus Belt, the Desert, and
Arizona Gardens, and a unique chapter on
"Good Families" — the heath which includes
the blueberry of New England pastures and the
manzanita of the Sierras, the mints which are
represented in the "VV est by the sages, the coni-
fers, the violets, the lilies, and many other fami-
lies of blood and breeding which spread their
branches across our broad land. Although Mr.
Kirkham says he "greatly prefers to confine
himself to the familiar aspects of the woods, the
familiar and well-beloved birds and flowers,"
and "does not expect to say anything new,"
he has often an original way of presenting his
material, and his observation is full and trust-
worthy. There are attractive illustrations from
photographs.
Of Mr. Dallas Lore Sharp's " The Face of
the Fields " it is not necessary to say more than
that it is made up of essays which we have
already enjoyed in the "Atlantic " and appro-
priated with gratitude to the writer for the
enlargement of our daily thinking. No one
who read them in the magazine has forgotten
"Turtle Eggs for Agassiz," "The Scarcity of
Skunks," the "Commuter's Thanksgiving," or
"The Clam Farm." To enrich the joyful
humor of these bits of real life is the literary
acumen of the essay on Mr. John Burroughs,
and the quiet, cheerful philosophy of " The Face
of the Fields" and "The Edge of Night."
Every nature-lover will rejoice to have these
possessions bound together in a book.
May Estelle Cook.
Travels in Two Hemispheres.*
From Greenland's icy mountains to India's coral
strand the reader of this season's travel books may
journey in imagination, unnipped by arctic frosts,
unscorched by tropic heats. Several obvious causes
contribute to the increasing number and variety and
excellence of latter-day journals of sight-seeing and
health-hunting. Railway facilities are 'yearly ex-
tending into more and more remote quarters of the
globe; automobiles and the roads that they need
and promote are likewise multiplying; the call of
the wild, the love of the simple life of mounain or
seashore, are elements to be reckoned with as never
before; and the wealth and leisure required for
extensive travel exist in greater abundance than at
any preceding period in the world's history.
Beginning our wanderings with the far North,
we find in Mr. George Borup's lively narrative,
"A Tenderfoot with Peary," more rollicking fun
and youthful high spirits, together with a most
admirable pluck and stout-heartedness, than in any
previous book of polar exploration it has been our
fortune to read. Those who have read Commander
Peary's account of his memorable achievement
will recall the words of praise bestowed upon the
youngest of his assistants. "This young Yale
athlete," writes the leader of the enterprise, "was
a valuable member of the expedition. His whole
heart was in his work, and he had hustled his heavy
sledge along and driven his dogs with almost the
* A Tenderfoot with Peabt. By George Bornp.
With a Preface by Rear-Admiral G. W. Melville. Illus-
trations and map. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Amttbath to Amubath. By Gertrude Lowthian Bell
Illustrations and map. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
The Call of the Snowy Hispar. A Narrative of
Exploration and Mountaineering on the Northern Frontier
of India. By William Hunter Workman, M.A., M.D., and
Fanny Bullock Workman. With an Appendix by Count
Dr. Cesare Calciati and Dr. Mathias Koncza. Illustrations
and maps. New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's
Sons.
Across South America. An Account of a Journey from
Buenos Aires to Lima, by Way of Potosi. With notes on
Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. By Hiram
Bingham. Illustrations and maps. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co.
Impressions of Mexico. With brush and pen. By
Mary Barton. Twenty illustrations in color. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
A Paradise in Portuoal. By Mark Sale. New York:
The Baker & Taylor Co.
Three Weeks in the British Isles. By John U.
Higinbotham. Illustrated. Chicago: The Reilly & Brit-
ton Co.
Seeing Europe by Automobile. A five-thousand-mile
Motor Trip through France, Switzerland, Germany, and
Italy; with an Excursion into Andorra, Corfu, Dal mat ia,
and Montenegro. By Lee Meriwether. Ulustrations and
map. New York: The Baker and Taylor Co.
A Saga of the "Sunbeam." By Horace G. Hutchinson.
Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
Finland To-day. By George Renwick, F.R.GJS. Illus-
trations and map. New York: Imported by Charles
Scribner's Sons.


440
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
skill of an Eskimo, in a way that commanded the
admiration of the whole party and would have
made his father's eyes glisten could he have seen."
Eighty-five degrees and twenty-three minutes was
the young man's farthest north, though he longed
to push on with the Commander and plant the Yale
colors at the tip-top of the earth. But that was not
in the plan, and he reluctantly turned back. We
gather, not from his own words, that his sledging
record, toward the Pole and on lateral exploring
trips, greatly exceeded that of any other member
of the party, and he also proved himself a mighty
hunter. Let us quote a few lines at random to
illustrate his breezy and not too severely classic
style, and also to show the spirit in which he took
the inevitable mishaps and hardships of the great
adventure.
"Slightly to the westward the lead closed. Seegloo
manned a pick and went ahead to pick the trail while I
took his team and promptly proceeded to drop down a ledge
with the sledge, turning a somersault and landing on the
inevitable ice spear. It knocked the wind out of me very
neatly, and incidentally, I thought, broke a rib. While
lying on the ice making night radiant in an attempt to get
my breathing gear in working order I was greatly amused
by the huskies gathering around with prophecies of my early
death and assurances that the devils were right on their
job. But what made me sorer still was inability to express
my opinion of them, my speaking feature not working."
Miss Gertrude Lowthian Bell's "Amurath to
Amurath" is a variously learned and descriptive
account of a leisurely caravan journey down the
Euphrates and up the Tigris, pursued with eyes
open to everything of historic or prehistoric inter-
est, and with an exceeding fondness for the careful
study of antiquities, ruins, architectural features,
and in fact of all things and persons oriental,
ancient or modern. It is a good-sized volume, and
copiously illustrated, that conducts the reader from
Aleppo to Babylon, and thence northwestward by
way of Baghdad, Mosul, and Diyarbekr, to Eonia in
Asia Minor — some thirteen or fourteen hundred
miles in all. A dedicatory letter to Lord Cromer
opens the book, and a good map of the regions
traversed brings it to a close. A typical passage,
showing what sort of objects and what kind of prob-
lems most interested the writer is the following:
"The scheme of the Assyrian temple has now been
established by examples ranging over a period of four hun-
dred years, and it is conclusively proved that it differed in
a remarkable degree from the Babylonian temple plan, and
was related to the plan adopted by Solomon. In Babylonia
the chambers are all laid broadways in respect of the
entrance; that is to say, the door is placed in the centre of
one of the long sides, so that he who enters has only a nar-
row area in front of him, and must look to right and left if
he would appreciate the size of the hall. At Jerusalem and
in Assyria the main sanctuary ran lengthways, an immense
artistic advance, inasmuch as the broadways-lying hall was
at best a clumsy contrivance which could never have given
the sense of space and dignity conveyed by the other. To
the genius of what builders are we to attribute this masterly
comprehension of spatial effect?"
Those intrepid mountaineers, Dr. and Mrs. Wil-
liam Hunter Workman, known for their explora-
tions among the higher Himalayas, had thought to
end their labors in those regions with their Nun
Kun expedition of five years ago. But, as they
express it, "we had breathed the atmosphere of
that great mountain-world, had drunk of the swirling
waters of its glaciers, and feasted our eyes on the
incomparable beauty and majesty of its towering
peaks, and, as time passed on, its charms asserted
their power anew and called to us with irresistible,
siren strains to return yet once again to those
regions, the grandeur of which satisfies so fully the
sense of the beautiful and sublime." Accordingly
the month of May, 1908, saw them again setting
forth to scale the dizzy heights; and in "The Call
of the Snowy Hispar" we have, in unusually hand-
some form, the record of their latest achievements
in Himalaya-climbing. Nineteen years ago, as we
learn at the outset, "Sir Martin Conway made a
rapid ascent of the Hispar glacier, and sketched
the salient points of its main stream with the plane
table, but did not visit its branches." A careful
examination of both the main glacier and its tribu-
taries, with the ascent of neighboring peaks and a
detailed survey of the whole basin, was the end pro-
posed by Dr. and Mrs. Workman ; and the measure
of their success is now set forth, with many strik-
ing illustrations from their camera. Some related
matters of interest to readers of the book are ap-
pended, contributed by Dr. Cesare Calciati and
Dr. Mathias Koncza. A map of Kashmir follows,
showing the various routes followed by the authors
in their explorations of 1898, 1899, 1902, 1903,
1906, and 1908; and this in turn is succeeded by
a chart of the Hispar glacier and its tributaries.
Professor Hiram Bingham, of Yale University,
delegate to the first Pan-American Scientific Con-
gress at Santiago, Chile, in December and January,
1908-09, improved the occasion of his South
American trip to travel and observe more exten-
sively than the purpose of his visit strictly required.
"Across South America" gives in very readable
form a description of his journey from Buenos
Aires to Potosi and thence to Lima, with occasional
notes on Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Objects and scenes of unusual interest abound, and
few readers can fail to envy the author and at the
same time to thank him for sharing with the public
so many of his memorable experiences. Toward
the end of his book, whose many and excellent
views from photographs form one of its most
attractive features, Mr. Bingham significantly re-
marks:
"When we look at South Americans at close range we
may dislike some of their manners and customs, but not any
more so than European critics disliked ours half a century
ago. And not any more so, be it remembered, than the
South Americans dislike ours at the present day."
From South America to Mexico is no long stride,
on a map of the world, nor is the atmosphere of
our southern neighbor very different from that
breathed by Professor Bingham in Argentina and
Chile. Latin-Americans, as we call them, inhabit
all those regions, and it is of Latin America that


1911. j
441
THE
DIAL
Miss Maty Barton, an Englishwoman, writes in her
"Impressions of Mexico," an inviting book glow-
ingly illustrated in polychromatic hues by the
accomplished writer herself. That her pictures
from that land of tropical delights should be in the
vividest of colors does not astonish us, though some
of her purples and blues do seem to surpass any-
thing that nature herself could achieve. But it
may be that nature shares the people's passion for
startling effects of this sort. Apropos of this gen-
eral subject, we read in Miss Barton's book:
"I regret to say there is a horrible bluish-pink of a
most unpleasant brilliancy which is distinctly a favourite
for skirts, but as a rule the petticoats are sober in tone or
light and colourless. Too often they are long and trail,
regardless of what they trail through or what dust they
kick up; for there is dust everywhere, thick, thick dust on
all the country roads, through all the village streets, and
even in the woods where vegetation has not conquered it."
Under the pseudonym Mark Sale," a quietly-
observant, level-headed woman, with a wholesome
sense of the things that really count, has written a
little book, "A Paradise in Portugal," that will
please every lover of good literature. A "philo-
sopher," as he is called in the book, and his wife,
the writer herself, found themselves one day
reduced to something like poverty, as far as mere
money was concerned, but rich in the real things
of life, in ideals and cultivated tastes, and love of
the beautiful, and in the gifts of mind and heart,
with a combined store of talents that ensured them
against starvation; and taking these intangible but
very actual possessions with them, they sought out
a beautiful retreat in Portugal where they lived
well and enjoyed themselves on ten shillings a
week. Surely a happier discovery of the "one
way out" has never been made—and that in spite
of the fact that the "philosopher" had inherited
"a measure of 'unhealth' and insomnia" besides
acquiring poverty in later life. But, says the
author cheerfully, —
"We were content in each other's society; our daily needs
were of the simplest; and for occupation, The Philosopher
painted, while I wrote humble little stories. So it came
about that we tramped this grand old world, viewing its
wonders, and sunning ourselves under its brightest, bluest
skies, with a yearly income upon which most people would
have been stagnating in genteel poverty in some dull suburb
or lifeless village of the dear, but grey, homeland."
A sort of Baedeker with a generous infusion of
human interest is what one might call Mr. John U.
Higinbotham's handy volume wherein he has told
how to see, in twenty-one days, the most notable
sights of the British Isles. "Three Weeks in the.
British Isles" is the book's sufficient title, and it
forms a companion to the same writer's "Three
Weeks in Holland and Belgium"; and there will
be other later, we infer. The pictures from the
author's own camera are many and good, and every
chapter abounds in facts and incidents likely
either to amuse or to instruct, or to do both. "It
is the fashion to smile," observes the author in his
preface, "at the idea of seeing anything in a for-
eign country in a shorter time than three months.
This has constructed a barrier across the road to
broader culture and accomplishment of many a
person. As a matter of fact, more can be seen
abroad in three weeks than can be seen at home in
an entire summer. Distances are shorter between
noteworthy objects. The unusual grips the attention
at every turn." The hurried vacation traveller could
do much worse than to put Mr. Higinbotham's com-
pact little volume into his satchel before starting for
England.
On the twenty-fifth anniversity of his "Tramp
Trip," described in a book that enthralled many
a now sedate senior in his vigorous and adventurous
youth, Mr. Lee Meriwether was moved to make
the experiment of an automobile journey over the
same enchanted ground, and he has related the
incidents of this second and more pretentious enter-
prise in "Seeing Europe by Automobile." It was
a five-thousand-mile jaunt, through France, Switzer-
land, Germany, and Italy, with an excursion into
Andorra, Corfu, Dalmatia, and Montenegro, and it
cost considerably more that fifty cents a day, which
was the average outlay on the previous journey.
Details of expense, routes, distances, etc., are given
for the benefit of prospective tourists, and the whole
story is told with the same secure and satisying
grip on the realities of foreign travel that marks
the author's earlier books of the same class. The
author's wife doubles the joys and halves the
annoyances of this second European excursion.
Their petroleum-propelled vehicle was aptly named
the "Get-There." Illustrations from photographs
abound, and a map shows the route followed.
Again the " Sunbeam," made famous by the pen of
the late Lady Brassey, appears in literature, this
time introduced by one of her latest passengers, Mr.
Horace G. Hutchinson, who, in "A Saga of the
'Sunbeam,'" tells all about the gallant yacht's re-
cent trans-Atlantic voyage from Dover to Montreal
and return. A pause at Reykjavik, in Iceland, on
the westward trip pleasantly diversified the pro-
gramme, and Tadousac and the Saguenay offered
much of unusual interest for the voyagers after
their arrival in Canadian waters. A half-dozen
congenial souls, including Lord Brassey, formed the
party. Now sailing, now steaming the little vessel
covered more than seven thousand miles. "And
this is the boat, be it noted," concludes the chronicle,
"that was built in 1874, that has been constantly in
commission ever since, that has been seen in ports
of every country on the globe, and that lias never
feared the biggest seas. Perhaps as fine a parting
word as can be said for both of them is that she is
worthy of her admiral and owner, and for him that
he is worthy of the little ship that he still loves to
sail in every sea." A portrait of Lord Brassey
faces the title-page, and other illustrations and a
map are supplied.
Two motives have actuated Mr. George Renwick
in writing his book entitled "Finland To-day."
First, he has sought to furnish a full and faithful


442
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
description of that scenically beautiful country,
"the land of a thousand lakes," so that the intend-
ing visitor may intelligently map his route before-
hand; and, secondly, he has "tried to do what has
not been done in English before — to present not
only a descriptive account of the land, but to cover
the entire ground of the brave little nation's activ-
ities. In literature, music, painting, architecture,
in politics and social progress, Finland has done
great things and will do still greater." In its scope
and in its execution Mr. Renwick's well-written
and well-illustrated book is the best descriptive
work on Finland that has yet been published in
English. Percy F. Bicknelx.
Recent Fiction.*
To arouse the self-satisfied from their complac-
ency, to pierce the armor of the optimist, to stir
the sluggish springs of sympathy, and to de-senti-
mentalize life by painting its grim realities, seem
to have been the essential aims of Mr. John Gals-
worthy in the remarkable series of novels, plays,
and sketches which he has given us during the past
few years, and which have made him among living
English writers one of those most to be reckoned
with. Sharp observation and unsparing analysis
have been his instruments, while his message has
been driven home by the agencies of caustic satire
and a style at once refined and severe. He has
scorned all cheap emotional devices, and has kept
his own personality aloof from his presentation of
life, thereby gaining the power which such restraint
alone can confer. He will lay bare to us in the
most matter-of-fact way the most intolerable condi-
tions and the most subtle hypocrisies, making us
feel, without a hint of special pleading, that the
responsibility is with us, and that it is for us to do
something. Few writers have his skill to set the
conscience vibrating, and to strip the verities of
existence from their trappings. Sometimes his
thought, so pitiful at heart, seems almost pitiless
in expression, so careful is he to exclude sentiment
from what he has to say. And sometimes he seems
to draw in outlines unduly harsh the figures that
* The Patrician. By John Galsworthy. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.
Brother Copas. By Arthur Qniller-Conch. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Panther's Cub. By Agnes and Egerton Castle. New
York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
The Golden Silence. By C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
The Leoaot. A Story of a Woman. By Mary S. Watts.
New York: The MacmiUan Co.
The Imprudence of Prue. By Sophie Fisher. Indian-
apolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Klaus Hinricr Baas. The Story of a Self-made Man.
By Gustav Frenssen. Translated from the German by
Esther Everett Lape and Elizabeth Fisher Read. New
York: The MacmiUan Co.
Leila. By Antonio Fogazzaro. Translated by Mary
Prichard Agnetti. New York: The George II. Doran Co.
incur his condemnation. We think that "The
Patrician," which is the fifth of his novels of English
society, shows the mellowing which is what Mr.
Galsworthy has hitherto most needed, and is in
consequence the best of them all. The indignation
glowing beneath his mask of restraint is no less hot
than before, but he has learned to make more allow-
ances, and better to understand how character is
warped by influences beyond its control. We doubt
if he could have written five years ago as sympa-
thetically of the British aristocracy as he now writes
in the character of Courtier, who is more distinctly
than any other figure in "The Patrician" to be
taken as the author's spokesman. "He felt a very
genuine pity for these people who seemed to lead
an existence as it were smothered under their own
social importance. It was not their fault. He
recognized that they did their best. They were
good specimens of their kind; neither soft nor
luxurious, as things went in a degenerate and ex-
travagant age; they evidently tried to be simple—
and this seemed to him to heighten the pathos of
their situation. Fate had been too much for them.
What human spirit could emerge untrammelled
from that great encompassing host of material ad-
vantage?" This is the tragedy of the novel—for
it is a tragedy—that the noblest spirits, nurtured in
such an environment and weighted with such a
burden of social tradition, cannot escape its deaden-
ing consequences. It looks for a time as if they
might, both the man and the woman with whom
the interest is chiefly concerned, but heredity and
social pressure prove too much for them, and their
efforts to become free individuals slacken and die
as their destinies are worked out The tragedy is
most poignant in the case of the young woman,
who contracts a loveless marriage in her own class,
when she might have had a true companion of her
spirit. In the case of her brother, the "patrician"
of the title, our sympathies are not quite so clear,
for what seems to him the only path to happiness
is by way of an illicit love, and his act of renuncia-
tion raises him to a higher moral plane. He is a
rising statesman, and his problem is not unlike
that of the statesman in "The New Machiavelli,"
but instead of weakly yielding and counting the
world well lost, he conquers his own passion, and
devotes his life to the public. We could wish that
Mr. Galsworthy had not complicated the issue with
this illicit element, and had given us a situation in
which the lines were clearly drawn between the
claims of legitimate love, on the one hand, and the
claims of caste, on the other. This would have
offered a real problem, with a fair balance between
the clashing interests, such as we actually have in
the case of the sister and her stifled romance. To
get away from personal considerations, it is refresh-
ing to find that the author, who would probably
consent to being classified with the democrats, is
so far unbiassed by the catchwords of that cult that
he can do justice to the aristocratic position, for if
we take the term "aristocracy" in its root-sense it


1911.]
443
THE DIAL
stands for a principle which a far-seeing democracy
must recognize, and which is, we believe, in only
apparent opposition to the true democratic doctrine.
"See the figure of that policeman! Running through
all the good behaviour of this crowd, however safe and free
it looks, there is, there always must be, a central force
holding it together. Where does that central force come
from? From the crowd itself, you say. I answer: No.
Look back at the origin of human States. From the begin-
nings of things, the best man has been the unconscious
medium of authority, of the controlling principle, of the
divine force; he felt that power within him — physical, at
first — he used it to take the lead, he has held the lead ever
since, he must always hold it. All your processes of election,
your so-called democratic apparatus, are only a blind to the
enquiring, a sop to the hungry, a salve to the pride of the
rebellions. They are merely surface machinery, they can-
not prevent the best man from coming to the top; for the
best man stands nearest to the Deity, and is the first to
receive the waves that come from him."
These words are given to Mr. Galsworthy's " patri-
cian," and the author will probably admit that they
contain a world of truth. Returning to the more
technical matters of literary art, we must find space
for a word of praise for the extraordinary skill in
characterization displayed throughout this novel, for
the deft manner in which even trifling incidents are
given significance relative to the main action, and
for the compact and pregnant style, never strained
beyond the limits of good taste, and equal to every
demand made upon it. The novel is in so many
ways remarkable that a review many times as long
as ours would be required to do it adequate justice.
Just a group of people in an ancient English
town—most of them connected as officials or pen-
sioners with two charitable foundations for decayed
gentlemen—and Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch has all
that he needs to steal away our cares, and transport
'us to the artist's realm of delight. He tells no story
worth mentioning, and does not need to, for the
psychology of these old gentlemen offers a more
than satisfactory substitute for any narrative. Chief
of them in charm of personality is the Brother Copas
whose name gives a title to the book. He is a big-
hearted man, quaintly humorous and ironic, a scholar
of parts, and an assiduous angler. He it is who
composes quarrels among the brethren, leads in
their protest against too much ritualism, befriends
the child who is transplanted from overseas to live
among them, and ferrets out the malicious traducer
of the child's good name. He it is also who supplies
most of the scholarship needed for the pageant in
which the story culminates, and in which the glories
of the ancient town are made into spectacular object-
lessons. The author once more puts his rich and
delightful antiquarianism at his readers' service,
embroidering the tale with many a quaint bit of old-
time lore. "We are particularly indebted to him for
the translation which Brother Copas is assumed to
make of the "Pervigilium Veneris," which is as
happy a reproduction of that classic of the deca-
dence as we have ever seen. The child Corona we
shall not attempt to describe, beyond saying that she
is a real child, and that he misses much who fails
to make her acquaintance. And it must not be for-
gotten that it is the child's unconscious influence that
sweetens the lives of the rather quarrelsome pension-
ers, brings out their better natures, and unites them
in the common bond of interest in her welfare.
We always expect entertainment from a novel by
Mr. and Mrs. Castle, and the expectation is amply
fulfilled in the case of "Panther's Cub," a story
of cosmopolitan life and romantic interest. The
"panther" is an operatic actor of dubious ante-
cedents and violent temper, who is in training
for "Salome," and is richly endowed with the
physical and emotional characteristics needed for
the representation of that spectacular creature.
Her contortions and her screams of frenzied rage
are perhaps a little overdone, but they make her a
very vivid and startling creature. The " Cub " is her
daughter, kept in a pensionnat until her dibut is
long past due, treated as a child when she is finally
brought to her mother's side, and really a child in
her innocence of the world. One Lord Desmond,
a Byronic diplomat, is marked for her prey by the
panther, who is so confident of her own seductive
charms that she never imagines, until we reach the
enlightening climax, that it is the daughter he loves,
and that the mother inspires him only with loathing.
When the discovery is made, she tears numerous
passions to tatters, writhes on the furniture, and
screams herself into nervous exhaustion. Mean-
while the girl has eloped with Lord Desmond, who
is so overwhelmed by the revelation of her virginal
innocence that he abandons his wicked designs,
and contracts with her a hurried but perfectly good
marriage at Dover. These are the leading figures
and chief happenings of the story, but we must not
forget the astute Jewish impresario, whose discovery
the panther is, and who needs all his suavity and
tact to keep her within bounds. He even offers to
marry the cub, to clear the mother's field of her one
dangerous rival. These are all striking character-
izations, but there is possibly a finer art displayed
in the portrayal of the members of Lord Desmond's
family, who are horror-stricken at the thought of
his contemplated misalliance, and do their best to
avert the calamity. Sir Joseph Smith in particular,
smug and pompous, a connection by marriage, is a
source of much satisfaction whenever he makes an
appearance. Finally, there is the mysterious German
musician Fritz, repetitor for the mother and pro-
tector of the child, who comes in at the end as the
dens ex machind, and turns out to be at once hus-
band and father. The book will thus be seen to have
a great variety of interest combined with strong
theatrical effect; its atmosphere is in the main
successfully romantic, although there are delicious
touches of realism. The sentiment gets a little
cloying toward the end, and Lord Desmond in his
new character of reformed rake is not exactly con-
vincing, but much may be forgiven of a book that
is the product of such fertility of imagination and
such buoyancy of spirit.
After the Castles, the Williamsons. The guide-
book fiction with which Mr. and Mrs. Williamson


444
[June 1,
THE DIAL,
have so liberally provided us of late years receives
an accession in "The Golden Silence." The title
has no particular significance, referring, we should
judge, to the mystery of the Arab character and the
instinctive secrecy of the oriental when the Euro-
pean seeks to invade his privacy. For the scene of
this story — after a brief London prologue — is
Algiers, whither the hero repairs for rest after cer-
tain strenuous experiences at home. He has figured
in a lawsuit brought against his brother by a beau-
tiful Canadian adventuress, and, upon her defeat,
has proposed to her in a moment of impulsive sym-
pathy. Their marriage is not to take place for some
weeks, and this respite permits the holiday which
provides the occasion for the real story, and has
rather momentous consequences. For upon the
journey he encounters another fair American en-
gaged upon an Algerian quest, and we soon realize
that she is to be the real heroine. She is in search
of an older sister who had yielded some ten years
earlier to the pleadings of an Arab — a spahi in
the French service—and had gone to Algiers as his
bride. Nothing has been heard from her for a long
time, and she seems to have plunged irrevocably
into "the golden silence." The story of the track-
ing and discovery of the lost one fills most of the
book, and has to be picked out as a thread from the
tangle of description and trifling conversation with
which the pages are chiefly filled. It is a thin story,
only mildly entertaining, written from considerable
knowledge of the externals of Algerian life, but
displaying little penetrative power. In the end,
matters are patched up with the adventuress, who
accepts a financial solatium, and leaves the hero in
possession of the new lady-love whose adventures
he has shared for some eventful weeks.
"The things that happen have a great deal to do
with it"—meaning a human life. These are all but
the last words of the fine novel which Mrs. Mary
S. Watts has given us as a successor to "Nathan
Burke." We are almost tempted to call "The
Legacy" a sequel to the earlier work, because
General Burke's name is frequently mentioned,
although he does not appear upon the scene, and
because we get a sense of continuity from the fact
that we are brought into the same Ohio environ-
ment, and enter into the lives of people of the same
general sort. It is the new generation, viewed by
the writer with the old penetration, and dealt with
after the same leisurely fashion. The heroine,
whose life is traced from childhood, through mar-
riage and widowhood, and into the haven of a sub-
stantial but most unromantic second marriage, is a
Breen. This, we are given to understand, means
much from the viewpoint of caste prejudice, although
the members of the family who are described for
us, and who include representations of four genera-
tions, are for the most part pretty poor specimens
of individual humanity. The heroine is about the
best of them all, but even she comes perilously near
to becoming a victim of the racial weakness which
lias brought her family to decay. It is accident
rather than any inward spring of character that
saves her for respectability, and her words which
we have quoted express her own realization of this
fact. All of these Breens are interesting, although
many of them are disreputable, because they are
pictured for us by a hand that spares neither foible
nor folly, yet has an unfailing sympathy of touch.
We feel throughout that the writer is giving us a
transcript from real life, and her treatment makes
most of the conventions of romantic fiction seem
like cheap devices. Few recent novels are deserv-
ing of as high praise as may fairly be accorded to
this one, and we may safely allow that Mrs. Watts
has already won for herself an honorable place in
American literature.
A pretty romance of the days of Queen Anne,
a work which moves easily in its historical milieu,
yet is not overburdened with antiquarian lore, is
given us in "The Imprudence of Prue," by Miss
Sophie Fisher. The heroine's imprudence follows
upon an encounter with a fascinating highwayman,
who stops her coach upon the heath, and, finding
nothing else of which to rob her, steals a kiss. As
her memory dwells upon the episode, resentment
softens into a different sort of feeling, and she
continues to be imprudent. Being an impecunious
widow and a desperate coquette, she is embarrassed
by debt, and, learning that the highwayman of her
chance encounter is a prisoner in Newgate, and to
be hanged in a few days, she conceives the happy
thought of asking that he bestow his name upon
her, that she may, as his wife (and soon thereafter
his widow!), snap her fingers at her creditors. A
secret ceremony follows, with consequences un-
foreseen. For the man, fired by her loveliness
finds life once more precious, and secures his
release by a shrewd bargain with the authorities.
The woman, discovering that her heart has unin-
tentionally been given with her hand, comes to her
husband's rescue when he is again in difficulties,
and finally takes flight with him to France, leaving
behind her a retinue of disappointed aspirants.
Since the highwayman turns out to be a nobleman
and a Jacobite, the match is not so bad an affair
after all. This story is told with much sprightli-
ness, and its constructive skill is rather out of the
common.
Pastor Gustav Frenssen is one of the two or
three living German novelists who count the most,
and a new work from his hand is a literary event
While we cannot say that "Klaus Hinrich Baas"
is as successful an achievement as "Jorn Uhl," or
even as " Hilligenlei," we can nevertheless accord
it high praise as a serious portrayal of modern
life — the life of that corner of Germany fronting
the North Sea, which the author knows so well. It
is a new departure for Herr Frenssen in the respect
that it is concerned with the commercial life of a
great city rather than with the life of the peasantry
upon its native moor, and in this substitution of Ham-
burg for Holstein we become conscious of a lack of
the intimate and deeply sympathetic knowledge dis-


1911.]
445
THE
DIAL
played when the author bids us view with his eyes
the flat and wind-swept spaces of the open country
and the serious and sombre lives of their agricul-
tural population. Nevertheless, we have all this
for a background, for Klaus Hinrich is of peasant
stock, and we first come to know him in his natural
surroundings. Even later, when he is gaining his
business experience in the Malayan East, and when
in the city on the Elbe he is applying his shrewd
and sharpened wits to the problem of rehabilitating
an old merchant firm which has been brought by
slackness to the verge of ruin, we are all the time
reminded of the soil from which he has sprung,
and of the primitive character which no amount of
sophistication can wholly conceal. His life story is
conscientiously and minutely related, from earliest
childhood to maturity, breaking off rather abruptly
when he has reached middle life, but leaving us
with the sense that his character is completely
shaped, and that a further prolongation of his biog-
raphy would have no further psychological interest,
however interesting it might seem in incident and
circumstance. He has rubbed against the world in
many of its rough places, and he has made his way
by native determination and force of character.
His growth from visionary child to practical man
of affairs is consistently worked out, and his career
is replete with interesting experiences. He is a
very human figure, making mistakes and paying
for them, as men must always do; in his relations
with womankind, his life is too gross to be pleasing,
but the discomfort with which we read of his
amorous adventures arises less from our feeling
about his weakness as an individual than from our
disgust with the way in which the author takes such
things for granted as a part of the life of the nor-
mal man. Immorality is an ugly and pervasive
fact in modern life, but its calm acceptance without
a sign of indignation is not to be condoned in a
writer whose aim is presumably idealistic. Too
much of recent German literature is marred by just
this sort of callousness. If it were not for the
defect thus noted, "Klaus Hinrich Baas" might be
ranked as a worthy successor of Freytag's "Soli
und Haben," of which one cannot help thinking as
its legitimate prototype.
The literary testament of Antonio Fogazzaro —
the novel <; Leila" which was published only a few
weeks before the author's death — is now available
in an English translation. We cannot commend
the translation, but it will serve. The work itself,
while inferior to the best that Fogazzaro has given
us, has a spiritual elevation that goes far to com-
pensate for its loose construction and diffuse style.
If it does not tell a story of compelling interest, it
does remind us on every page that the writer was
one of the noblest souls of his time. The ship of
his faith was securely anchored, despite the billows
that tossed it this way and that. The note of sub-
mission to authority is clearly sounded, but with it
the note of determination to go as far as authority
will permit in the direction of modernism. The
two ideals are in such essential opposition of rela-
tion that to readers not brought up within the
shadow of the church there must be some suggestion
of weakness of will in a writer who struggles to
reconcile them, and it takes a considerable effort to
accord him the fullest sympathy. "Leila" is
directly connected with "D Santo" by the fact
that Alberti, the young hero of the new novel, is a
disciple of Piero Maironi, and is devoted to the
gospel of enlightenment for which " the saint" had
laid down his life. The heroine, whose name with-
out any reason becomes "Lelia " in this translation,
is a high-spivited and passionate girl who long
defends her maiden citadel only to surrender it the
more completely in the end. She loves Alberti,
but she is led by malicious tongues to think him a
fortune-hunter and herself the victim of a carefully-
laid plot. She is also disturbed about her faith, not
having won her way to the serene heights occupied
by her lover. She is the adopted daughter of Signor
Marcello, to whose son she had been betrothed. Upon
the son's death, the father had rescued her from her
disreputable parents, making her a member of his
household and his heiress. Upon Alberti, who had
been his son's dearest friend, Signor Marcello now
lavishes his affections, and it becomes his dearest
desire that Leila shall become Alberti's wife. A
saintly old woman who is an old friend of the family,
and a lovable old priest, are the agencies by which
the girl's eyes are opened and her pride overcome.
All these people are so oppressively good that the
intrusion of Leila's father provides a welcome relief,
and a similar function is fulfilled by the two wicked
priests who serve as a foil to the simple-hearted Don
Aurelio. The story has little substance, and is much
more a tract than a novel. As far as its action is
concerned, and even its psychology, a full three-
fourths of the writing might well be spared.
William Morton Payne.
Various Books for Summer Beading.
campina and Nature lovers who find in the moun-
trampingin tains surcease from care, a call to
the Yotemiie. meditation on the deeper things of
life, and inspiration for the humdrum round of duty
among the walks of men, will find that the next
best thing to a trip into the great Sierras of Cali-
fornia is free perusal of Mr. J. Smeaton Chase's
"Yosemite Trails" (Houghton). With a bold and
lavish, yet artistic, hand Mr. Chase sketches the
account of three extended trips into the Sierras that
form the towering ramparts about the Yosemite
Valley — or Gorge, as he would have us more sci-
entifically designate this unique chasm cut deep into
the western flank of the great range of mountains
between California and Nevada. The book is not
a dry scientific account of the geology and natural
history of the central Sierra Nevada range, but
rather the rhapsody of a lover of woods and trails, of
camp-fires and "mulligans," of pines and sequoias,


446
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
of mountain meadows, granite ledges, and snow-
fields. It is not a guide-book, and the accompany-
ing map is of indifferent value in comparison with
others readily available — such as those of the
United States Geological Survey. It is, on the
other hand, an entrancing introduction for the nov-
ice who seeks in cold print some living idea of the
beauty and charms of the much-visited floor of the
Yosemite Valley, and of its towering walls and tum-
bling water-falls; or for the prospective mountaineer
who would essay the trails about the rim of the
chasm, and explore the canyons of the Hetch
Hetchy, Tuolumne, or the Merced. Indeed, even
the veteran of many Sierran summers will find his
memory of many a familiar trail or outlook quick-
ened by these pages. His heart will leap within
him in response to the author's enthusiastic de-
scription of familiar experiences and well-known
and fondly-remembered scenes, and he will forth-
with plan a new campaign for the coming summer.
The book is rich in allusion to the forest trees and
flowers of the high mountains, and the writer is
both observant and skilful in his portrayal of these
charms of Sierran travel. He barely escapes, how-
ever, falling into the too-prevalent error of over-
estimating the age of the big trees. "Fifty years
for every year of human life " is perhaps too liberal
an estimate for even the Nestor of the Wawona
grove of sequoias. The author very justly con-
demns the inane habit of attaching names of
eminent or would-be eminent men or of aspiring
towns to the great trees. Our system of national
parks and great forest reserves has done much to
preserve this magnificant playground for the Amer-
ican people, and Mr. Chase has performed a gen-
uine service in so skilfully extending the invitation
to all who read to come and play in these mountain
fastnesses.
PraeUeal Eight years ago, Mrs. Helena Ruther-
aardening furd Ely put some of her gardening
tor women. experiences into a book which she
called "A Woman's Hardy Garden." So eagerly
was it received, that two years later, "Another
Hardy Garden Book" was issued in answer to the
appeal for help in the care of shrubs, which are the
necessary associates of the herbaceous plants of
which Mrs. Ely had told so much in her first vol-
ume. To these two books, more than to any others
written by American gardeners, we owe the present
widespread interest in permanent gardening, and
the demand for the many beautiful periodicals
which are turning us as a people from the crudities
of bedding-out plants, and the fleeting charms of
annuals, to the sober trustworthiness of the hardy
plants. Now, after a long silence, in which her
experience has widened and deepened, Mrs. Ely
offers us a beautiful and helpful guide-book to
"The Practical Flower Garden" (Macmillan).
There is less of repetition in these pages than one
would have thought possible, — considering that,
after all, the same good green things must be spoken
of, and that "since Adam delved and Eve span"
no new way of confiding a root to the guardianship
of Mother Earth has been discovered. With an
enthusiasm which use has not made dull, Mrs. Ely
gives careful directions for the preparation and re-
newal of soils, for the making of lawns, and for the
building of terraces. In a chapter which it would
be well to have printed at public expense and dis-
tributed far and wide as a hostage to the fortunes
of the Republic, she explains the methods of rearing
trees from seeds. In suggesting plans for color
arrangement, she follows Miss Gertrude Jekyll,—
a writer whom it would indeed be impossible to
surpass in taste, in knowledge, or in charm. Per-
haps the most interesting pages of Mrs. Ely's new
book are those in which she describes the experi-
ment made by one of her friends, who, on a many-
acred plot, has chosen to bring together the flora of
his own state, and who has gathered into his " Con-
necticut garden" only native plants. The idea is,
happily, not new; but Mrs. Ely's sympathetic
descriptions, aided by the many illustrative plates,
furnish fresh hope that a type of garden alike
suited to the owner of a great estate and to the
mistress of a village back-yard may find many
followers. To repeat the names of beautiful and
available material for such planting, would be to
reprint the index to Gray's "Manual"; while to
possess them requires only a basket or two, a spade,
a trowel which one need not be over-nice in using,
a horse which does not mind long waits by the
roadside, a wagon, and — above all — the seeing
eye and the loving heart without which there is no
true garden. No better way of teaching patriotism
could be imagined than the planting of parks and
school-yards with the trees and shrubs of their
vicinage. Mrs. Ely's book is amply illustrated,
both in black-and-white and in color.
The adventure, of A few older readers may recognize,
"Qritziv Adami" with a little thrill, the title-lettering
in new form. on a recently-published volume—
"The Adventures of James Capen Adams, Moun-
taineer and Grizzly-Bear Hunter of California."
And with the recognition will flash remembrances
of a worn volume in some family library, with its pic-
ture of a bearded hunter wearing fringed trousers and
a tasselled cap, under whose caressing hand stalks
a vast grizzly bear; its stories of adventure with
bears, panthers, wolves, elk, buffalo, and the notable
jaguar on the wild Pacific Coast of the fifties.
And many young readers — for, aside from its
scientific interest, this is distinctly a boys' book —
will make their first acquaintance in this new edition
(Scribner) of a rare volume, with one of the most
interesting records of hunting-life ever written in
America. Adams — "Grizzly Adams" as Mr.
Hornaday calls him, "the old hunter" as he calls
himself — lived by his gun and bowie-knife in the
Sierra Nevada, in Washington and Oregon, and in
the Rockies. Indians were his companions and


1911.]
447
THE
DIAL
helpers. He sought game when muzzle-loading
rifles made it still adventurous to do so; he rode
and tramped from end to end of a country whose
geography was still vague. An irresistible love of
the wilderness seems to have been his impelling
motive; but a curious genius for the comprehension
of animal psychology accounted for his success, and
two generations later would probably have made a
"camera hunter " of him. He killed animals for
meat; he killed grizzlies because of the peril which,
in the days of single-shot rifles, accompanied the
attempt. But the capture of wild game was his
purpose, and it is this that makes his book so inter-
esting. He seems to have been the only man who
has tamed the grizzly. "Lady Washington" he
taught to carry game for him. "Ben Franklin,"
taken as a tiny cub in one of the most exciting ex-
ploits of the book, became his particular friend,
saved his life in conflict with another grizzly, and
came back to civilization with a horde of other
animals which "the old hunter" exhibited in his
declining years. The author of this volume, Mr.
Theodore H. Hittell, saw these animals, and rode
upon "Ben Franklin's" back. In San Francisco,
in 1857-9, he took down from dictation the narra-
tive of Adams, and published it substantially as it
was told. It is a curious narrative, and almost un-
believably adventurous. However, Mr. Hittell
believes it to be true; Mr. William H. Wright, the
author of a recent book entitled "The Grizzly
Bear," not only believes it, but ascribes to the
chance reading of these remarkable stories his own
career as a " camera-hunter," in which he has veri-
fied many of the statements of the earlier book.
Furthermore, the scientific manuals on the grizzly
bear are in substantial accord with the old hunter's
observations,—indeed, they quote him as a source.
So here is a hunter's book for boys and men with
a scientific and historical value as great, though by
no means so intense, as its interest. To be envied
is the reader who for the first time follows the
capture of the giant "Samson," or in that thrilling
next-to-the-last chapter breathlessly awaits the issue
of a vain attempt to take the mysterious and mag-
nificent jaguar.
Plain living and high thinking at
tl™;'™"1 lofty altitudes, with considerable
hard bodily labor to give things a
keen relish, are evidently what Mr. Stewart Edward
White chooses for his summer-vacation programme;
and he writes inspiringly and always entertainingly
of his hot-weather occupations and recreations in
"The Cabin" (Doubleday), illustrating the book with
pictures from his own camera. High up in the Sierra
Nevada range, the exact location undesignated, he
and the companion of his joys and wholesome hard-
ships build them a rude but weather-proof abode,
being aided therein by a competent master of many
trades, and there they luxuriate in the bliss of silvan
solitude and the grandeurs of nature. Yet they do
have occasional visitors, among whom "California
John" deserves foremost mention, and his shrewd
philosophy merits more ample quotation than would
here be in place. "Trouble is," remarks this sage,
"when a man starts out to do a thing, he just
nat'rally sees it all done before his eyes, and he
strains himself day in and out till it is done. . • .
A man do n't want to give a cuss whether a thing
gets done or not, but just whether he keeps workin'
along at it. If he does that, it's bound to get done,
and without worryin' him. And he ain't so plumb
feverish all the time." Not unnaturally, Mr. White
likes the mountain folk, few and far between though
they are, or since they are. "They live a life that
depends more than the common on its individual
resource; and at the same time the better class of
them possess a remarkably high standard of taste
and education. Books, and good ones, are abundant.
In addition are certain qualities of hospitality, the
breadth of view incidental to the meeting of many
types on a plane of equality and independence in
the manner of thinking." One gets from the book
a good idea of the courage and grit of the forest
rangers, and also of the glaring inadequacy of the
support rendered by the national government to
these guardians of our silvan wealth. But the situ-
ation is now somewhat less deplorable than it once
was. "The Cabin" (to sum up) pictures, in the
form of personal experience, the same hearty and
wholesome and pulse-quickening mountain life that
has already been portrayed, under the guise of
fiction, in "The Rules of the Game," by the same
author.
A book of ^n anv revision of Charles Lamb's
tmaii Engiith catalogue of biblia a-biblia, books
country houtet. wnich are no books, place should be
found for what may be called the "every-man-
his-own-architect" publications, — those pretentious
portfolios of second-hand photographs and plans,
chosen in most cases without the slightest architec-
tural taste or judgment, accompanied by a thin
sauce of perfunctory or misleading text. With
this class of books Mr. Lawrence Weaver's "Small
Country Houses of To-day" (imported by Scribner)
has nothing in common. Unerring good taste in
choice of examples, sound practical knowledge,
acute aesthetic perceptions, and a literary skill sel-
dom to be found in architectural writing, charac-
terize this imposing quarto. Forty-six houses,
designed by various English architects of estab-
lished reputation, and representing a wide range of
architectural treatment and adaptation to natural
situations, are illustrated and described. The chief
qualities of each house are explained and empha-
sized, and its relations, historic and social, with the
houses of past days are noted. Definite details as
to cost, wherever these were obtainable, also find
place. A separate chapter discusses the problems
connected with the repair and enlargement of old
houses, this being followed by detailed accounts of
six houses so treated. The editor notes that, after
a century of struggling with vicious architectural in-


448
[June 1,
THE
DIAL
fluences, chiefly the lack of tradition, there may now
be discerned a tendency toward a truce in the battle
of the styles and a revival in form and spirit of the
old basic traditions. Bat much yet remains to be
done — chiefly in the way of familiarizing the pub-
lic with correct architectural theory and practice.
"Building needs, in fact, to be brought back into
the normal current of intelligent thought, instead of
being relegated to the limbo of technical mysteries."
This end would be quickly accomplished if all
our architectural writers were possessed of Mr.
Weaver's skill in enlivening and vivifying, as well
as illuminating, their subject. Some two hundred
and fifty photographs depict the most interesting
features, outside and in, of each house described,
and measured floor plans also are given. As in all
the English "Country Life " publications (of which
this is one), the photographs are remarkably well
reproduced and printed. Finally, it should be said
that although this book is thoroughly English in its
origin and treatment, it will on that account be
found but little less serviceable and interesting to
the American reader.
Anything more conventional than
to™?™^"™ "The Ideal Italian Tour" described
by Mr. Henry James Forman, it
would be difficult to imagine. The writer lands at
Naples, proceeds to "do" successively the cities of
Rome, Florence, Pisa, Siena, Venice, Milan, Genoa,
and the Lakes, — all in precisely the regular order
and the regular way of all tourists. After appar-
ently not a long stay abroad, he has gone home,
gathered before him on his desk his Baedekers,
maps, and local guidebooks, and proceeded to write
about Italy in a manner that reminds one of the
eighteenth century poet who was said to have writ-
ten about Epping Forest " with his back to the win-
dow and never having seen the forest." Those
charming and highly characteristic towns that even
the hastiest tourist seldom omits — Assisi, Perugia,
Orvieto, Spezia, — are not so much as mentioned;
Italian life and temperament, where it remains un-
touched by commercial relations with strangers,
receives almost no attention. Moreover, the illus-
trations are so small in size, so poorly selected, and
so hackneyed from use in the cheapest series of
post-cards, that they add nothing in the way of
charm. For example, why should there be a picture
of San Francesco at Assisi, since Assisi itself is not
mentioned in the text; and, if a picture of it had to
be used, why select one from its least attractive
point of view? But obvious and superfluous as the
book seems to those who really know and love Italy,
perhaps there may be some who will like to carry
it with them on their journey to read at night
about what they have seen during the day. At
least, the author says that he felt the need of such
a book on his first Italian journey, and that there-
fore he has written it,—to "point to the salient and
indispensable." It is undeniable that he has
gathered together a considerable amount of useful
information about certain parts of Italy. But to call
his tour the "ideal" one is far from justified.
In typography, paper, and binding, the publishers
(Houghton) have provided a setting worthy of a
better text.
j "Vacation days! Oh, the lure of
a tporttman't them, the delight of their anticipa-
paradite. t}on> the joys of their realization,
and the sweet sanctity of their memory!" Thus
exclaims, in fondly retrospective mood, Mr.
Kirkland B. Alexander, recalling the pleasures of a
summer outing on the trout streams of Lake Su-
perior. "The Log of the North Shore Club" (Put-
nam) is the diverting record of this fishing excur-
sion in a comparatively unfrequented region,
where the unsophisticated trout rise to the illusive
fly with an avidity most gratifying to the person
whipping those virgin waters. "Three trout on
three flies are not infrequent in these far-away
strearns," writes the author. The prowess with rod
and reel of the six vacationers, the accomplishments
and the sayings of their guides, the astonishing
feat performed by old Michael of making a water-
tight birch bark pot and boiling a trout therein,
the breathless shooting of dangerous rapids, and
the trials and tribulations of the arduous portage—
these and much else besides go to pack the pages of
Mr. Alexander's little book brimful of good reading.
Vivacity and humor mark his style, as a specimen
of which we quote from an amusing account of the
maiden attempt of a "Business Man" at trout-
fishing: "He explained afterward that he thought
it might be the safe and courteous course to permit
the trout to swallow the fly right down to the tail,
if he cared to, and then deftly pull the trout inside-
out, thus saving much irksome culinary labor."
Good pictures from photographs plentifully illus-
trate the book. It is a capital fishing yarn, and
just the thing to read before planning a vacation
in the wilderness.
. , _. Those who know Professor L. H.
An eloquent _ „ ,
advocate of Bailey only through his numerous
country life. technical books on farming and
gardening and kindred subjects will do well to read
his latest volume, "The Country Life Movement"
(Macmillan), and, in conjunction with it, the new
and revised edition of his "Outlook to Nature."
Few of us have heretofore associated Professor
Bailey's writings with any qualities of sentiment,
except such as play a very subordinate part in his
instructive works. But his two latest volumes give
us a new opinion of the man. We see him here as
a genuine lover of nature, and catch fleeting glimpses
of the poet, of whose existence we had not dreamed.
His ideas of nature-writing are thus suggested:
"The real objection to much of nature-writing is
the fact that it is unrepresentative of nature. It
exploits the exceptional, and therefore does not give
the reader a truthful picture of common and average
conditions. Good nature-writing is that which por-
trays the commonplace so truthfully and so clearly


1911.]
449
THE
DIAL
that the reader forthwith goes out to see for himself.
Some day we shall care less for the marvellous
beasts of a far-off country than for the mice and
squirrels and birds of our own fields, and for the
cattle on our hills." It is upon this conception that
Professor Bailey has based these two very delightful
books. He treats of the common things of life,
and invests them with a charm that makes what he
writes as entertaining as a romance to those who
feel the impulses that turn us nature-ward. He
sees things as they are, and he is able to make his
readers see them also. He believes in tbe "back-
to-nature" idea, and finds in it a corrective for
many of the false notions that affect society to-day.
The ttorv of Tne devout spirit in which Mr.
theforetit Houghton Townley views the maj-
or England. egty. 0f tne ten anCe8tral trees scat-
tered o'er the pleasant land of England is indicated
by the opening words of his " English "Woodlands
and Their Story" (Dutton). "He who stands
beneath tbe mammoth Beeches of Burnham," he
declares, "and feels that man, the pigmy parasite
of an insignificant planet, is still the grandest
work of God, must either be an egoist, bankrupt of
humility and insensible to the imposing majesty of
trees, or a person unimpressed by the bewildering,
mind-staggering idea of Time." If bigness and age
are marks of superiority in the scheme of things,
man is indeed but a poor creature compared with a
millennial beech or oak of England's splendid forests.
Without arguing the point, we are content to enter
into the spirit of Mr. Townley's handsome book
in praise of his country's woodlands. In grouping
his matter, he devotes, first of all, five chapters to
the Burnham Beeches, then two to Sherwood Forest,
three to the New Forest, three to Epping and the
Forest of Essex, two to the Forest of Dean, one to
Windsor Forest, one to Savernake and a few other
forests, and a concluding chapter to woodland photog-
raphy. Story, legend, and description are pleasantly
intermingled in his pages, and an even hundred
of excellent camera illustrations please the eye and
emphasize the written words of the author. Views
of fabulously old trees and also of some astonish-
ingly grotesque malformations of aged trunks and
branches form a feature of the book. The tree-
lover who does not delight in Mr. Townley's volume
must be difficult to please.
The name of E. P. Powell stands for
"7countZ<n verv much same thing to those
who are interested in the country
home and its development that the name of John
Burroughs does to those who are interested in
nature. In his latest volume, " How to Live in the
Country" (Outing Co.), the pleasures of country
life are depicted from the standpoint of long per-
sonal experience. Mr. Powell knows his subject
thoroughly, and in treating it he blends the senti-
mental and the practical in a manner that makes his
book very agreeable reading. Some of his advice
is so extremely prosaic that it would be difficult to
swallow without the sugar coating of sentiment.
But that makes it palatable, and when the taste of
the coating is gone it is not a difficult matter to
assimilate the advice he gives about many unro-
mantic and practical things that have to do with
country life. So attractive are many of his chap-
ters that they beguile us into becoming converts to
his theories, almost against our better judgment.
He does this by interesting us in his philosophizing,
and then, when he has us under the spell of his wise
and witty sayings he springs upon us the subject
that he has had in mind all the while; and we are
sure to get some good out of it, even if we do not
make a practical application of his advice. It is a
good thing to know how the matters of which he
treats can be done, even if we do not see fit to
undertake the doing of them ourselves. The book
is one to pick up and read at odd moments — one
to open anywhere and become interested in at once.
The city man or woman who has a love and a long-
ing for nature will find Mr. Powell's volume almost
as good as a visit to the country, for the winds of
the hills and the meadows and the pastures blow
through it and freshen every page.
A guide to Intelligent summer visitors to Cali-
thepinr trees fornia—may their number still in-
0/California. crease—will find Mr. J. Smeaton
Chase's "Cone-bearing Trees of the California
Mountains " (McClurg) a most convenient and use-
ful little book. It is intended to introduce the
amateur tree-lover to some of the noblest trees in
the world. Concise and non-technical descriptions
of the various species are given, these descriptions
having especial reference to the bark, the leaves,
and the cones. There is a full-page plate, made
from a photograph, showing each tree as it stands
in its native surroundings, and a drawing in line
shows the details of leaf and fruit. While the
half-tone plates are not brilliant, they yet portray
the habit of the tree; and the sketches in line
are always helpful and generally accurate. It is to,
be regretted that the volume is not larger; we should
prefer a longer list of these fascinating forms.
Surely trees at lower altitudes in California are
quite as certain to arouse the interest of the enthu-
siastic traveller; and we hope that, in some future
revision of his little book, Mr. Chase will double
the number of species dealt with, including all those
named in the introduction to the present book, but
not described in the text following. The volume is
of pocket size, and bound ir. flexible covers.
A volume of Recollections by Senator Shelby M.
Cullom is announced for Autumn publication by Messrs.
A. C. McClurg & Co. It will cover a peribd of seventy-
five years, beginning with the author's boyhood in
Kentucky and Illinois, his experience as a young
lawyer, his first entrance into politics, and covering his
political life of over half a century. The volume will
be illustrated.


450
[June 1,
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION.
"The Poetical Works of Thomas Moore," edited by
Mr. A. D. Godley, and Cary's Dante, with the Flaxman
drawings, are two new volumes in the scholarly and
inexpensive Oxford editions of the poets, published by
Mr. Henry Frowde.
Professor Henry F. Osborn's address of last Septem-
ber on "Huxley and Education " is now published as a
booklet by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. It is a
compendium of good advice to young students, based
upon the soundest of principles.
Baedeker's "Eastern Alps" is now, in its twelfth
English (thirty-fourth German) edition, a bigger book
than the "Switzerland," which illustrates rather strik-
ingly the way in which tourists have been enlarging the
area of their operations during recent years. Like all
the other guide-books of this series it is imported by
the Messrs. Scribner.
A volume of " Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650-
1708," edited by Mr. Alexander S. Salley, Jr., for the
"Original Narratives of Early American History," has
been published by the Messrs. Scribner. It will be
noted that the earliest narratives given considerably
antedate the actual grant of the Carolinas by Charles II.
We note that Defoe's brief for the dissenters, entitled
"Party Tyranny," and published in 1705, is included
among the contents, which are otherwise from the pens
of actual observers.
A highly interesting collection of " English Melodies
from the 13th to the 18th Century," numbering one
hundred in all, has been made, and edited with an in-
troduction and historical notes, by Mr. Vincent Jack-
son. "Sumer is icumen in" appropriately opens the
collection, and "God Save the King" as appropriately
closes it. Byrd, Campion, Lawes, Purcell, Dibdin, and
Arne are represented by several numbers each, which
will give some indication of the richness of the volume.
It is a beautifully printed work, and is published by
Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
Some eight hundred pages of verse, a moderate
fraction of which proves to be poetry, is offered in the
two volumes of Miss Nellie Urner Wallington's " Amer-
can History by American Poets" (Duffield). The col-
lection runs the whole chronological gamut, from the
mound builders to the war with Spain, and may be rec-
ommended for collateral reading by students of our
history in its more prosaic forms of narration. Un-
fortunately, such a work as this must devote an undue
share of its contents to poems about fighting, and this
emphasizes an aspect of history which should be kept
as far as possible in the background. These volumes
are supplied with historical notes, which most readers
will need for many of the pieces.
Awakened interest in natural history, and particularly
in the life of animals of the wild, has called forth a
varied assortment of books of general and of semi-
technical nature in this field. Mr. Ernest Frotheroe's
"New Illustrated Natural History of the World"
(Dutton) embodies all the non-technical information
about animal life (exclusive of man's) that the average
person is looking for. The arrangement is according
to zoological classification, with short descriptions of
the characteristics of each species, its life history,
geographical distribution, mode of life, etc.; and bring-
ing out, whenever space permits, the points of resem-
blance and of difference between it and other species of
the same class, order, or family. The text is elucidated
with nearly three hundred photographic illustrations,
made directly from life. There are also twenty-four
full-page plates in color.
"Three Lays of Marie de France" are retold in
English verse by Mr. Frederick Bliss Luquiens. The
octosyllabic measures of the original have become blank
verse in the translation, a change natural enough when
we remember how closely we associate the "matiere de
Bretagne " with the Tennysonian idyls. "Sir Launfal,"
"The Maiden of the Ash," and "The Lovers Twain"
are the three poems which, with introduction and bibliog-
raphy, make up the contents of this acceptable little
volume. The book is published by Messrs. Henry Holt
& Co.
In " How to Visit the Great Picture Galleries " by
Esther Singleton (Dodd), the tourist is taken through
twenty-one of the principal European galleries, and his
attention called to the most notable pictures in each.
And, inasmuch as the average tourist often will be
puzzled to understand the reasons for the selection of
these special canvases rather than others that seem to
him equally good, brief citations concerning them are
given from art-historians and critics of authority. There
are ninety-six full-page half-tone illustrations, and good
indexes both to paintings and painters. Considering
that the book contains less than five hundred pages,
probably the work it undertakes to do could hardly be
done better than it has been done here.
An elementary manual, designed to give to lovers
of nature simple and concise descriptions of our best-
known trees, and one that has served its purpose for a
decade or more, is Mr. F. Schuyler Matthews's " Familiar
Trees and their Leaves" (Appleton). A new edition,
with revisions embodying recent changes in botanical
nomenclature and classification, and with some supple-
mentary material, brings the work up to date. To the
nearly two hundred detail drawings of leaf-forms by
the author have now been added twenty studies illus-
trating the new species in the supplement; and new full-
page colored sketches (a dozen in all) of growing trees,
each showing some particular tree in its natural habitat,
enhance the attractiveness and value of the volume.
As a daughter of the late Richard A. Proctor, it is
but natural that the author of " Half Hours with the
Summer Stars" (McClurg) should be an enthusiastic
student of the heavens. Naturally, also, she has had
many opportunities for observing the stars not avail-
able to the ordinary amateur. Among such advantages
were two visits, of a month or two each, to the Yerkea
Observatory, with the use of the smaller telescopes aud
an occasional glimpse through the mighty forty-inch
refractor. The direct result of these visits was a series
of popular articles on the stars contributed last August
to the Chicago "Tribune," and now republished (with-
out change or revision) in book form. In thirty-four
informal chapters, Miss Procter gives the most inter-
esting known facts about the chief splendors of the sky,
with something of their mythology and folk-lore, and
including also brief discussions of such subjects as
"The Moon and the Weather," " Did Life First Come
to the Earth in a Meteor ?" etc. In their original
form, as newspaper artices, these chapters must have
turned many people for the first time to the endlessly
fascinating recreation of star-gazing; and their present
more permanent issue should still further promote that
most desirable end.


1911.]
451
THE DIAL
Notes.
— Art in France," by M. Louis Hourticq, Director of
Fine Arts in the City of Paris, is announced as a forth-
coming novel in Messrs. Scribner's "Ars Una" series.
"Rebellion," the new drama by Mr. Joseph Medill
Patterson, which has recently been given a successful
first production by Miss Gertrude Elliott, will be pub-
lished in book form early in the Fall by Messrs. Reilly
& Britton Co.
An English translation of Dr. Rudolph Steiner's
"Mystics of the Renaissance" will soon be issued by
the Messrs. Putnam. This firm also announces a trans-
lation, by Miss M. E. Wood, of Federico Garlanda's
"The New Italy," a criticism of present-day political
and social conditions in Italy.
Mr. Henry A. Franck, the anthor of "A Vagabond
Journey Around the World," is about to start upon
another penniless tour — this time through Central and
South America. Mr. Franck is said to be now prepar-
ing for Fall publication an account of his recent travels
through the less frequented regions of Spain.
Four books of fiction announced for early Autumn
issue by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co., are the follow-
ing: "A Watcher of the Skies," by Mr. Gustave F.
Mertins; "Ranier of the Last Frontier," a story of the
Philippines, by Mr. John Marvin Dean; "On the Iron
at Big Cloud," a railroad story of the West, by Mr.
Frank L. Packard; and "Monna Lisa: The Quest of
the Woman Soul," an imaginary journal kept by
Leonardo da Vinci.
"World Organization as Affected by the Nature of
the Modern State " is the title of a work by Dr. David
Jayne Hill, soon to be published by the Columbia Uni-
versity Press. Three other important announcements
of this Press are as follows: "The Business of Con-
gress," by Hon. Samuel W. McCall; "Social Evolution
and Political Theory," by Dr. Leonard T. Hobhonse;
and a pamphlet on "Education and Preventive Medi-
cine," by Dr. Norman E. Ditman.
Now that the "Edinburgh" edition of Stevenson
has become almost unobtainable, and the " Pentland"
edition is out of print and fast disappearing from the
market, the time seems ripe for still another edition of
the same sort. Such an edition is being planned, for
publication next Autumn, by collaboration among the
several English publishers who own the Stevenson
copyrights. It will comprise twenty-five volumes, and
will be designated the » Swanston " edition, after the
name of Stevenson's one-time home in the Pentland
hills near Edinburgh.
Miss Harriet Waters Preston, story-writer, trans-
lator, and critic, one of the early contributors to "The
Atlantic Monthly," and a writer who adorned whatever
she touched, died at Cambridge, Mass., May 14, at the
age of sixty-seven. Her studies in Provencal literature
and her translations from Mistral and also from Virgil
and Alfred de Musset were among her more scholarly
labors. In the number of her many warm friends
was her contemporary woman-of-letters, with whom she
has sometimes been confused, Mrs. Harriet Prescott
Spofford. She was expecting soon to return to her
home in Reene, N. H., when death overtook her at
Cambridge, where she was visiting.
"The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English,"
adapted by Messrs. H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler
from "The Oxford English Dictionary, " is soon to be
issued by the Oxford University Press. The editors
have given a large amount of space to common words,
making copious use of illustrative sentences; all un-
common words have been treated as briefly as possible,
and the severest economy of expression has been prac-
tised. Colloquial, facetious, slang, and vulgar expres-
sions have been admitted with freedom. The spelling
adopted is for the most part, but not invariably, that of
"The Oxford English Dictionary;" and the pronuncia-
tion and the etymology of words are indicated.
Through the generosity of Mr. Charles Scribner, of
the Princeton class of '75, a large printing establish-
ment has been acquired by the Princeton University
Press. The Press, which has been an establishment
primarily for the purpose of doing the printing of the
university, is owned by a stock corporation made up of
friends of the university, one of whom is Mr. Scribner.
The reincorporation of the Press has been brought
about by Mr. Scribner, who also furnished the money
for the equipment of a plant. The publications of the
faculty and alumni of Princeton will be printed at the
Press, as well as the daily paper and the monthly liter-
ary magazine, managed by the undergraduates.
Topics in Leading Periodicals.
June 1911,
Agricultural Statesman, An. W. Buttrtck. Rev. of Rev*.
America Revisited. William Morton Fullerton. Scribner.
American Embassy. The. in Berlin. Review of Reviews,
Angellier, Auguste. Marie Perrin. Scribner.
Animals. Wild. Critical Moments with—II. E.Velvin. McClure.
Arbitration and Commonsense. Charles Vale. Forum.
"Ballad of Reading Qaol." Richard B. Olaenzer. Bookman.
Balzac, An Unknown Story by. A. Schinz. Bookman.
Battleship " Maine," Destruction of. Q. W. Melville. Xo.Amer.
Boys. Our. What is Wrong with. William T. Miller. A tlantic.
Business: The Moral Question—I. G. W.Perkins. World't Work.
Canada's Tariff Policy. Albert J. Beveridge. Rev.ofRevi.
Child Welfare Exhibit. The. E. A. Halsey. World To-day.
China. Young, at School. Kdward Alsworth Ross. Everybody'*.
Chinese Currency, The New. Ching-Chun Wang. iS'o. Amer.
Cities, The Awakening of the.—I. Henry Oyen. World'i Work.
College. Small, Opportunity of the. E. P. Prentice. Harper.
Copyright, International, Brander Matthews. AVr. of Revt.
Coronation, Our Representative at the. Review of Review*.
Courts. Criminal. Absurdities of. H. B. Puller World't Work.
Denmark's Prosperity. Booker T. Washington. World'* JFor*.
Desert. Arizona, The. Ellsworth Huntington. Harper.
Diaz and his Peons. John A. Avirette. Everybody'*.
Drama. The New, in England. Archibald Henderson. Forum.
English Children. The Trainingof. Lady St. Helller. Century.
English Lady in Political Life, The. E. Porritt. No. Amer.
English Statesmen, Some. Sydney Brooks. McClure.
Farmer, The. a Mechanic. F. G. Moorhead. World To-day.
Fiction, Japanese. Sadakichi Hartmann. Forum.
Garden. The Order of the. Elizabeth Coolidge. Atlantic.
Gardens of Louis XIV., The. Louise Gignoux. Scribner.
Germany, In, without German. Louise Cloaser Hale. Harper.
Girl Graduate. What to do with the. F. E. Leupp. Atlantic.
Girl, The, of Tomorrow. Benjamin R. Andrews. World't Work.
Government. The, and Business Methods.—III. World'* Wor*.
Great Britain. Commercial Strength of. J. D. Whelpley. Century.
Harmon. Judson.and the Presidency. W.B.Hale. World'* Work.
Healthful Exercise. Requirements of. L. H. Gulick. Lippincott
Hispanic Museum, N. Y., Art in the. R. Oortissoz. Scribner.
Hospital Social Service. Robert W. Bruere. Harper.
Ideas in the Air. F. M. Colby. Bookman.
Insurgent. A Practical. W. E. Williams. World To-day.
Kenyon, William 8. F. W. Beckman. World To-day.
Lee and Jackson. Gamaliel Bradford. Jr. Atlantic.
Libraries of the Transatlantic Liners. C. Winter. Bookman.
Libraries. Three New York. Richard Garnett. No. Amer.
Lorlmer Case. The. James H. Blount. North American.
Luther, Martin, and his Work—VII. A. C. McGiffert. Century.
Mexico in Revolution. Frederick Starr. World To-day.
Mexico, The Rurales of. Edwin Emerson. Century.
Minister, The Country. Charles M. (larger, Atlantic.


452
[June 1,
THE DIAL
Morgan, J. P., The Rise of. J. Moody and G. K. Turner. McClure.
Motoring: on the Bant* Fe Trail. H. C. Dram. World To-day.
Mystic, A Joyous. Louise C. Willcox. North American.
Narrative and the Fairy Tales.— I. Brian Hooker. Bookman.
New Stateism. The. John M. Mathews. North American.
"Olympic," The Coming; of the. F.A.Talbot. World's Work.
Oxford. Flavor of Life at. Tertius Van Dyke. Century.
Panama Canal, Practical Side of. F. L. Nelson. World To-day.
Panama Canal. The, and Sea Power in the Pacific. Century.
Peace, Anglo-American. James Cardinal Gibbons. Century.
Pegasus, The Pedigree of. Frederick M. Padelford. Atlantic.
Plague in Manchuria. Kiyoshi K. Kawakami. World To-day.
Poet Makers of the New Italy. Mary W. Arms, forum.
Political Innovations. Robert W. Bonynge. Arum.
Portrait, The Family, Incubus. Helen Nicolay. A tlantic.
Post-OfSceClerk,Experiences of a. Charles W.Eliot. McClure.
Powers of the Pacific, The. Archibald R. Colquhoun. No. Amer.
Public Library, The New York. M. J. Moses. Rev. of Revs.
Queue, Abolition of the. Ching-Chun Wang. A tlantic.
Railway Barrel, Open Bunghole in the. Everybody'!.
Regiment. The Making of a. Frederick Funs ton. Scribner.
Roadmaking, Scenic, in Colorado. F. L. Clark. World To-day.
Rose, Perfect, Quest of the. Franklin Clarkin. Everybody's.
Rostand a Plagiarist T Wyllys Rede. World To-day.
Secret Service, Strange Stories of the. Bookman.
Soldier, the Volunteer, of 1861. Gen. Charles King. Rev. of Revt.
Sugar-Cane Mill, A South African. Mark F. Wilcox. Atlantic.
Technical School. The Carnegie. Martha L. Root. World Today.
Thackeray Manuscript, A New. Harper.
Treaties and Armaments. Relation of. W. H. Carter. No. A mer.
Tunbridge Wells. Some Last Drops in. W. D. Howells. No.A mer.
Undergraduate Scholarship. William J. Tucker. Atlantic.
Unorganized County, The Decline of an. World'* Work.
Van Lew, Miss. William Gilmore Beymer. Harper.
War against War, The, Havelook Ellis. Atlantic.
War, if the United States Shonld Go to. J. Bigelow, Jr. Atlantic.
Willette, The Art of. Gardner Teall. Bookman.
Wit and Humor in Congress. Herbert Bruce. McClure.
Women of the Ctesars, The — I. Guglielmo Ferrero. Century.
List of New Books.
{The following list, containing 116 titles, includes books
received by Tub Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY.
The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe. A Centennial Vol-
ume. By Charles Edward Stowe and Lyman Beecher
Stowe. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 12mo., 313
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Adam Mlcklewlcz: The National Poet of Poland. By
Monica M. Gardner. With portrait, 8vo, 317 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50 net.
The Speakers of the House of Commons. By Arthur
Irwin Dasent. Illustrated In photogravure, etc., 8vo,
455 pages. John Lane Co. $6.50 net.
Notes from the Life of an Ordinary Mortal. Being a
Record of Things Done, Seen and Heard at School,
College, and in the World During the Latter Half of
the 19th Century. By A. G. C. Liddell, C. B. With
portrait, 8vo, 370 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.60 net.
Talleyrand the Man. By Bernard de Lacombe; trans-
lated from the French by A. d'Albertl. Illustrated,
8vo, 412 pages. Dana Estes & Co. $3.50 net.
HISTORY.
The Republican Tradition In Europe. By Herbert A. L.
Fisher. 8vo, 363 pages. "The Lowell Lectures for
1910." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
An Introductory History of England. By C. R. L.
Fletcher. In 2 volumes, with maps, 8vo. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. $3.50 net.
In the Time of the Pharaohs. By Alexander Moret;
translated from the French by Mme. Moret. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 310 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Religion of Beauty In Woman, and Other Essays
on Platonic Love In Poetry and Society. By Jeffer-
son Butler Fletcher. 12mo, 205 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25 net.
A Study of Versification. By Brander Matthews. 12mo,
275 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
Letters That Live. Selected and edited by Laura E.
Lockwood and Amy R. Kelly. With decorated end
leaves, 16mo, 263 pages. Henry Holt & Co. Cloth,
$1.50 net; leather, $2.50 net.
Prejudices. By Charles Macomb Flandrau. 12mo, 265
pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25 net.
History of American Literature. By Reuben Post Hal-
leck, M. A. Illustrated, 12mo, 432 pages. American
Book Co. $1.25.
Learning and Other Essays. By John Jay Chapman.
12mo, 242 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.25 net.
The Wisdom of Dickens. Collected and arranged from
his writings and letters by Temple Scott. With
frontispiece, 16mo, 158 pages. Mitchell Kennerley.
$1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Blographla Epistolarls. Being the Biographical Supple-
ment of Coleridge's Blographla Literarla with addi-
tional letters, etc. Edited by A. Turnbull. In two
volumes, 12mo. Macmillan Co. Each $1. net.
Miscellaneous Studies. A Series of Essays. By Walter
Pater. 8vo, 254 pages. Library Edition. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
The Works of Thomas Hardy. Thin paper edition.
New volume: The Trumpet Major. With frontis-
piece, 16mo. Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
A Book of Cambridge Verse. Edited by E. E. Kellett
With photogravure frontispiece, 8vo, 438 pages.
Cambridge University Press. $2. net.
Scottish Poetry: Drummond of Hawthornden to Fer-
guson. Lectures delivered In the University of Glas-
gow. By George Douglas. 12mo, 193 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.50 net.
Selections from Ancient Irish Poetry. Translated by
Kuno Meyer. 12mo, 114 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.25 net.
Riders to the Sea. A Play in One Act. By J. M. Synge.
New edition, 12mo, 45 pages. John W. Luce & Co.
50 cts.
The New Hesperldes and Other Poems. By Joel Ellas
Spingam. New edition, 12mo, 61 pages. Sturgls &
Walton Co. $1.
The Treason and Death of Benedict Arnold. A Play
for a Greek Theatre. By John Jay Chapman. 12mo,
76 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1. net.
For Her Namesake. An Anthology of Poetical Ad-
dresses from Devout Lovers to Gentle Maidens.
Edited by Stephen Langton. With decorated end
leaves, 12mo, 346 pages. Dana Estes & Co. $1.25 net
Sunshine, Rain, and Roses. By Allle Sharpe Balch.
12mo, 132 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
By the Sea and Other Verses. By Anna Cleveland
Cheney. 16mo, 69 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
$1. net.
Contemporary Belgian Poetry. Selected and trans-
lated by Jethro Bithell, M. A. 16mo, 207 pages.
London: Walter Scott Publishing Co.
Devotional Poems for the Quiet Hour. By Eugene B.
Read. 12mo. 125 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
$1. net.
Mother's Love Songs. By Elizabeth Toldrldge. 12mo,
62 pages. Boston: Richard G. Badger.
Through Dust to Light. Poems from an Apprentice-
ship. By Robert Valantine Hecksher. 12mo, 1*9
pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.
Rhymes of the City of Roses. Vol. I. By T. B. Shartle.
12mo, 58 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
FICTION.
Love's Pilgrimage. By Upton Sinclair. 12mo. 663
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.35 net.
John Sherwood, Ironmaster. By S. Weir Mitchell,
LL. D. 12mo, 316 pages. Century Co. $1.20 net
The Street of To-day. By John Masefleld. 12mo, 392
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.60 net.
Essence of Honeymoon. By H. Perry Robinson. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 312 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
An Ardent American. By Mrs. Russell Codman. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 405 pages. Century Co.
$1.20 net.


1911.]
453
THE DIAL
Sam's Kid. By F. E. Mills Young. 12mo, 372 pages.
John Lane Co. 11.50.
The Old Dance Master. By William Romalne Faterson.
12mo, 373 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 31.25 net.
Gllead Balm, Knight-Errant: His Adventures In Search
of the Truth. By Bernard Capes. Illustrated, 12mo,
320 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. 31.25 net.
The Spirit of the Island. By Joseph Hornor Coates.
Illustrated, 12mo, 273 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25 net.
Phyllis In Mlddlewych. By Margaret Westrup. 12mo,
320 pages. John Lane Co. 31.50.
The Job Secretary: An Impression. By Mrs. Wilfrid
Ward. 12mo, 275 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
$1.20 net
More Than Kin. By Patricia Wentworth. 12mo. 363
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 31.35 net.
The Tennessee Shad. By Owen Johnson. Illustrated,
12mo, 307 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. 31.20 net.
A Room With a View. By E. M. Forster. 12mo, 364
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 31.35 net.
Dawn O'Hara, the Girl Who Laughed. By Edna Fer-
ber. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 302 pages.
Frederick A. Stokes Co. 31.25 net.
Yellowstone Nights. By Herbert Quick. 12mo, 345
pages. Bobbs-MerrlU Co. 31-25 net.
Down Our Street. A Provincial Comedy. By J. E.
Buckrose. 12mo, 378 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
31.35 net.
My Friend Will. By Charles F. Lummis. Illustrated,
18mo, 69 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. 75 cts. net.
She Bulldeth Her House. By Will Levlngton Comfort.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 352 pages. J. B.
Ldpplncott Co. 31.26 net.
The Girl In the Other Seat. By Henry Kltchell Web-
ster. Illustrated, 12mo, 342 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. 31.26 net.
Phrynette. By Martha Troly-Curtin. With frontispiece
In color. 12mo, 334 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co.
31.25 net.
Priest and Layman. By Ada Carter. 12mo, 317 pages.
Wessels & Blssell Co. 31.20 net.
The Haunted Pajamas. By Francis Perry Elliott.
Illustrated in color, 12mo, 355 pages. Bobbs-MerrlU
Co. 31.25 net.
The Second Amendment. By Henry Clay Hansbrough.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 359 pages. Minneapolis,
Minn.: Hudson Publishing Co. 31.40 net.
Dawn of the Morning. By Grace Livingston Hill Lutz.
Illustrated In color, 12mo, 320 pages. J. B. Lippln-
cott Co. 31-25 net.
The Rose With a Thorn. By Priscilla Craven. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 416 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
31.25 net.
The Other Richard Graham. By Mrs. Frank Clapper-
ton. 12mo, 271 pages. London: Elliot Stock.
The Royal Pawn of Venice. A Romance of Cyprus.
By Mrs. Lawrence Turnbull. With photogravure
frontispiece, 12mo, 361 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co.
31.60 net.
Red Rose Inn. By Edith Tunis Sale. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 176 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co.
31. net.
The Law of the Bolo. By Stanley Portal Hyatt 12mo,
271 pages. Dana Estes & Co. 31.35 net.
The Dawn Meadow. By G. A. Dennen. 12mo, 181
pages. Boston: Richard G. Badger. 31. net.
NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE.
Nature Sketches In Temperate America. A Series of
Sketches and a Popular Account of Insects, Birds,
and Plants. Treated From Some Aspects of Their
Evolution and Ecological Relations. By Joseph Lane
Hancock, F. E S. Illustrated In color, etc., 8vo, 451
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. 32.75 net.
Lassoing Wild Animals In Africa. By Guy H. Scull;
with an Introduction by Theodore Roosevelt, and a
Foreword by Charles S. Bird. Illustrated, 12mo, 135
pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 31.25 net.
The Log of the North Shore Club. Paddle and Portage
on the Hundred Trout Rivers of Lake Superior. By
Kirkland B. Alexander. Illustrated, 12mo, 228 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
In the Rhone Country. By Rose G. Kingsley. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 309 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 33. net.
The Aran Islands. By J. M. Synge. Illustrated, 12mo,
234 pages. John W. Luce & Co. 31.25 net.
Siren Land. By Norman Douglas. Illustrated, 12mo,
302 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 32. net
Seeing Europe by Automobile. By Lee Meriwether.
Illustrated, 8vo, 415 pages. Baker & Taylor Co. 32 net
Classical Rome. By H. Stuart Jones, M. A. 16mo, 372
pages. "Grant Allen's Historical Guides." Henry
Holt & Co. 31.35 net.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Psychic Phenomena: Science and Immortality. By
Henry Frank. 12mo, 656 pages. Sherman, French
& Co. 32.25 net.
Mental Efficiency and Other Hints to Men and Women.
By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 119 pages. George H.
Doran Co. 75 cts. net.
Applied Ethics. By Theodore Roosevelt, Ph. D. 16mo,
50 pages. "William Belden Noble Lecture." Cam-
bridge: Harvard University Press.
The Uncaused Being and the Criterion of Truth. To
which is appended an examination of the views of
Sir Oliver Lodge concerning the ether of space. By
E. S. Derr, M. D. 16mo, 110 pages. Sherman,
French & Co. 31. net.
Dementia Prascox. By Adolf Meyer, M. D., Smith Ely
Jellifte, M. D., and August Hoch, M. D. 12mo, 71
pages. Boston: Richard G. Badger. 32. net.
RELIGION.
Religion and Immortality. By G. Lowes Dickinson.
16mo, 88 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts.
Life In the Making. An Approach to Religion Through
the Methods of Modern Pragmatism. By Loren B.
Macdonald. 12mo, 223 pages. Sherman, French &
Co. 31.20 net.
Be of Good Cheer. By Joseph S. Van Dyke, D. D.
12mo, 119 pages. Sherman, French & Co. 31- net.
Mutual Recognition In the Life Beyond. Meditations
thereon extracted from various authors and ar-
ranged in suitable portions for dally use. By H. H.
T. Clelfe, M. A.; with a preface by W. M. Sinclair,
D. D. New and revised edition. 12mo, 139 pages.
London: Robert Scott
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Greek Immigration to the United States. By Henry
Pratt Falrchild. Illustrated, 12mo, 278 pages. Yale
University Press. 32. net.
The Pan-American Union: Peace, Friendship, Com-
merce. By John Barrett. Illustrated. 12mo, 249
pages. Published by the Author. 31.
America In the Making. By Lyman Abbott 12mo, 233
pages. Yale University Press. 31.16 net.
ECONOMICS.
Municipal Franchises.: A Description of the Terms and
Conditions upon which Private Corporations enjoy
Special Privileges in the Streets of American Cities.
By Delos F. Wilcox, Ph. D. In 2 volumes, 8vo, 885
pages. Engineering News Publishing Co. 35. net.
Power. By Charles E. Lucke, Ph. D. Illustrated, 12mo,
316 pages. "Columbia University Lectures." New
York: Columbia University Press. 32. net.
Studies In Economic Relations of Women. Vol. II:
Labor Laws and Their Enforcement, with special
reference to Massachusetts. By Charles E.. Persons,
Mabel Parton, Mabelle Moses, and three "Fellows":
edited by Susan M. Kingsbury, Ph. D. 8vo, 419
pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
EDUCATION.
Teaching Poetry In the Grades. By Margaret W.
Haliburton and Agnes G. Smith. 12mo, 166 pages.
"Riverside Educational Monographs." Houghton
Mifflin Co. 60 eta.
Favorites from Fairyland. An approved selection ar-
ranged for home and supplementary reading In the
third grade; with an Introduction by Ada van Stone
Harris. Illustrated by Peter Newell. 12mo, ISO
pages. Harper & Brothers.


454
[June 1,
THE DIAL
/
Professor S. H. CLARK (Department of Public
Speaking, University of Chicago) writes of
THE WEAVERS
By GERHART HAUPTMANN
"As a member of the Drama League of America
I have recommended 'The Weavers' many,
many times."
$1.00 net; by mail, $1.08
PUBLISHED BY
B. W. HUEBSCH, 225 Fifth avenue, New York
Disturbing Elements In the Study and Teaching of
Political Economy. By James Bonar, LL. D. 12mo,
145 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. $1.
Vocal Expression In Speech. A Treatise on the Funda-
mentals of Public Speaking Adapted to the Use of
Colleges and Universities. By Henry Evarts, A. M.;
with the editorial cooperation of Rollo L. Lyman.
12mo, 315 pages. Ginn & Co. $1. net.
Education as Growth; or, The Culture of Character.
By L. H. Jones, A. M. 12mo, 275 pages. Ginn &
Co. $1.26 net.
Historical Reader for Schools. Compiled and edited by
Horace L. Brittain and James G. Harris. 12mo, 266
pages. American Book Co. 75 cts.
First Year Algebra. By William J. Milne, Ph. D. 12mo,
321 pages. American Book Co. 85 cts.
Memolres d'un Colleglen. By Andre Laurie; edited
with exercises and notes, by O. B. Super. 16mo, 219
pages. D. C. Heath & Co. 50 cts.
Mollere's Les Femmes Savantes. Edited by Charles A.
Eggert, Ph. D. 16mo, 187 pages. American Book
Co. 40 cts.
The Eleanor Smith Music Primer. By Eleanor Smith.
12mo, 128 pages. American Book Co. 25 cts.
The Home Correspondence School. Annual Catalogue,
1911. 16mo, 135 pages. Springfield, Mass.: Home
Correspondence School. Paper.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Aeroplane, Past, Present, and Future. By Claude
Grahame-White and Harry Harper. Illustrated, 8vo,
319 pages. J. B. Llpplncott Co. $3.50 net.
Characteristics of Existing Glaciers. By William Her-
bert Hobbs. Illustrated, 8vo, 301 pages. Macmillan
Co. $3.25 net.
A Philadelphia Lawyer In the London Courts. By
Thomas Learning. Illustrated, 8vo, 199 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $2. net
Half Hours With the Summer Stars. By Mary Proctor.
Illustrated. 16mo, 232 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
75 cts. net.
Orphans. By Helen Dawes Brown. 12mo, 286 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.20 net.
Seven Great Foundations. By Leonard P. Ayres, Ph.D.
16mo. 79 pases. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Paper.
The Gold Fish of Gran Chlmu. By Charles F. Lummls.
New edition, II lost rated. 16mo, 126 paces. A. C. McClurg &
Co. 75 cts. net.
Cost-Keeping for Manufacturing Plants. By Sterling
H. Bunnell, Ph. B. 8vo, 233 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. $3. net.
Farm Accounting and Business Methods. A Text-Book
for Students in Agriculture and a Manual for Home
Study. By J. A. Bexell, A. M. 8vo, 161 pages.
Springfield, Mass.: Home Correspondence School.
$1.25.
The Captain of the "S. I. G's." By Etta Anthony Baker.
Illustrated, 12mo, 323 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.50.
The Young Man and His Problems. By James L. Gor-
don. 12mo, 329 pages. Funk & Wagnalls. $1. net.
Results of Observations Made at the Coast and Geo-
detic Survey Magnetic Observatory at Sitka, Alaska,
1907 and 1908. By Daniel L Hazard. Illustrated.
Washington: Government Printing Office. Paper.
Books by Catholic Authors in the Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh: A Classified and Annotated List. 12mo,
243 pages. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Public Library.
Thoughts for Flirts. By Mary Dale. Illustrated, 12mo,
105 pages. New York: Hermann Lechner. 76cts.net.
The Sevsn Follies of Science. By John Phln. New and
enlarged edition, 12mo, 231 pages. D. Van Nostrand
Co. $1.25 net.
The Theory of Human Progression. By Patrick Ed-
ward Dove; abridged by Julia A. Kellogg. New
edition, 12mo, 142 pages. New York: Isaac H.
Blanchard.
Our New House: How We Plan to Build It. A deco-
rated Blank Book for Sketches, Ideas and Sugges-
tions. 8vo, 157 pages. Rellly & Britton Co. $1.50.
Confessions of an Industrial Insurance Agent. By
Wllby Heard. 16mo, 35 pages. Broadway Publish-
ing Co. 50 cts.
The Social Engineer. By Edwin L. Earp. 12mo, 326
pages. Cincinnati: Jennings & Graham. $1.25 net.
P. K. HOLLY/
Authors' and Publishers' Representative
Circulars sent upon request. 166 Fifth Avenue. New Yobx
THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION
Established In 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM. EXPERT
REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Addresi
DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 FIFTH AVB.. NEW YORK CITY
HELEN NORWOOD HALSEY
Literary Worker Manuscript Expert
Suite 802,110 West 34th Street, New York City
Book and short story manuscripts wanted for publication. Also
juvenile scripts. I deal with the best publishers.
Consultation fee directing and planning author's work $5.00
Consultation fee by letter 1.00
Send for Miss Halsey's Writer't Aid Leaflet. 25 cts. in stamps.
AUTHORS
wishing manuscripts placed without reading fee, address
La TOUCHE HANCOCK, 134 W. 37th St., New York City
LINCOLN AND HIS
LIEUTENANTS
A new, striking, and life-like etching of Abraham Lincoln
Showing on the margins of plate, 14%xl8%. fourteen vignet
portraits of Lincoln's Cabinet, his Army and his Navy.
Will tend on approval on satisfactory reference*
JACQUES REICH, 105 W. 40th SL, New York

Mr. Esenwein
Short-Story Writing
A course of forty lessons in the history, form,
structure, and writing of the Short Story, taught
by J. Berg bsenwein, Kditor Lippincott's
Magazine. Over one hundred Home Study Courses
under professors in Harvard, Brown, Cornell,
and leading colleges.
250-page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. 571, Springfield, Mass.


*
THE DIAL
21 &emi*fflantbl5 3aurnal of ILitrrarjj QLxiticium, Biscussion, antj Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th oj
each month. Terms or Subscription, 82. a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian
postage 50 cents per year extra. RurrrTAircis should be by check, or
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY.
Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub-
scription is received, it is assumed thai a continuance of the subscription
is desired. Advertising Rates furnished on application. All com-
munications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
aa Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at
Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 600.
JUNE 16, 1911.
Vol L.
Contents.
PAGE
THE AMHERST IDEA 461
THE PLACE OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY IN
THE COMMUNITY. Helen E. Haines .... 463
CASUAL COMMENT 465
The Mrs. Stowe centennial.—The genial Sir William
S. Gilbert.—The River Wye quest.—The advantage
of a highly inflected language. — A notable instance
of hope deferred.—Cooperation between the A.L.A.
and the N.E.A. — The sixe of a library's governing
body.—The first national library convention in Cali-
fornia.—The publishing record of the A.L.A.—The
hopefulness of prize-story writers. — The late F. W.
H. Myers.—" My Idealed John Bullesses."—A fruit-
ful subject for a prize dissertation.—Bulls and bears
on the literary exchange.
COMMUNICATIONS 468
How One Man " Took " Literature. V. Gitmore Men.
Poetic Resemblances. E. R. F.
"UNCLE TOM'S CABIN" AND ITS AUTHOR.
William B. Cairns 469
THE FUTURE OF WOMAN. T. D. A. CocJeerell . . 470
OLIVER GOLDSMITH NEWLY EXPLAINED.
Edward Payson Morton 472
TRAFFICS AND DISCOVERIES OF A CHINA
COLLECTOR. Edith Kellogg Dunton .... 475
LORD ACTON ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
Henry E. Bourne 476
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 477
Gleanings from fifty years in China.—Some bits of
life and reflections thereon. — An Anglo-American
journalist. — Spain's most noteworthy cathedrals. —
Lights and shadows of London courts. — Some good
theatrical small-talk. — Samuel Butler and Psychic
Evolution. — A survey of world literature. — Wills
and their makers, ancient and modern. — Counsel
for the literary craftsman. — Beginnings of the
Revolution in Massachusetts.
BRIEFER MENTION 481
NOTES 482
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 483
THE AMHERST IDEA.
It is not a new idea, for it is one that has
been persistently advocated by many of the
wisest of our educational leaders, and one that
has been consistently upheld by The Dial,
both in and out of season, during our more
than thirty years; but since it has recently
been urged in a particularly forcible way by
Amherst College, it may be allowed, tempo-
rarily at least, to parade under the name of
that respected institution of learning. It is
essentially the Christian idea that the life is
more than meat and the body more than
raiment, and it has for a corollary the principle
that education becomes faithless to its sacred
trust when it dismisses the idea as Utopian or
impracticable, or even when it makes unworthy
concessions to the materialistic spirit of our
modern age. Believing, as we do, that most
of our educational experimentation of the past
thirty years has been either futile or mischiev-
ous, and its prevailing tendencies fundamentally
wrong, believing that instead of advancing along
the highway we have strayed into the bog and
become almost hopelessly mired therein, we are
glad of the opportunity offered by the pamphlet
just issued from Amherst to emphasize once
more our convictions, and to illustrate them by
a few apposite quotations.
It is to certain members of the Amherst class
that was graduated in 1885 that we owe the
text for our present discussion. That class,
upon the occasion of its twenty-fifth reunion a
year ago, appointed a committee "to present to
the trustees the question whether, at a time
when education is so largely assuming a techni-
cal character, and when in the universities the
work of teaching is to so considerable an extent
performed without personal contact and influ-
ences between teacher and student, it is not at
once the opportunity and the duty of Amherst
College to take a distinctive public position as
a representative of that individual training and
general culture which was once the purpose of
all American colleges." The report of the
Committee was made some months ago, and
occasioned a certain amount of discussion in
the public press; it is now reprinted, in the
pamphlet before us, together with a selection
of eighteen brief articles which comment upon


462
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
it in a favorable spirit. The whole constitutes
a sound and weighty document which deserves
to be widely read and carefully studied. Pri-
marily, it embodies the opinion of a group of
educated men, belonging to a single college,
and averaging nearly fifty years of age — an
age when sober counsel rules the mind and
festina lente seems a better guide than all the
watchwords of radicalism and restive revolt.
In a secondary sense, it crystallizes the judg-
ment of the pedagogically wise, wherever they
may be found, and whatever may have been
the paths whereby they have come to the reali-
zation of what things most matter in the edu-
cational sphere.
A few quotations from the report will serve
to indicate the spirit by which it is animated.
"The popular appraisal of education is commercial,
— measuring the value of a training by the income it
returns, — and if every man stand for himself alone,
this appraisal may be right. It is in the relation of
the individual to the community, however, that
this view of educational training first breaks down.
Amherst has never taught that every man stands for
himself alone, nor that the value of education is in its
purchasable gratifications. There is a training which
should be undergone for the sake of learning and for
the benefit of the State."
The college which thus sets its face against the
commercial ideal would aim to give its students
"a training in civics, in the history of govern-
ment, in the development and significance of
institutions, in the meaning of civilization,—in
brief, a training for public leadership, not a
personal equipment for a trade."
"Institutions and governments have a history, and
the best statesmanship is that which meets the future
with lessons derived from a profound understanding of
what has gone before us. Technical education, which,
so far as government is concerned, for the most part
teaches devices but not principles, which seems to assert
that successful business fits for successful statesman-
ship, proceeds upon the assumption that retrospect is
not wise and that in any difficulty we should cousider
not how we got there but how we can get out, as if,
said Edmund Burke, we should 'consult our invention
and reject our experience.' Here, indeed, is to be
found one of the causes of the increasing excitability of
American politics. Invention is the parent of Utopias,
socialism, radicalism of all kinds. Experience is the
parent of improvement, progress, conservatism."
This is an admirable statement, and its caution
against reckless experimentation, whether in the
art of education or the art of government, is
the caution most needed at the present day.
When one has grasped the paradoxical truth
that progress and conservatism go together, that
they are only different aspects of the same thing,
he has made himself reasonably safe from in-
fection by the insidious and superficial pleas of
over-zealous reformers.
The practical conclusions of the Amherst
report take the shape of these five propositions:
1. That the instruction given at Amherst College be
a modified classical course as the meaning of that term
has been described;
2. That the degree of Bachelor of Science be abol-
ished;
3. That the College adopt the deliberate policy to
devote all its means to the indefinite increase of teachers'
salaries;
4. That the number of students attending the College
be limited;
5. That entrance be permitted only by competitive
examination.
Accompanying the third of these propositions
is a special investigation of the cost of living
for members of the faculty. The budgets of
about forty men are analyzed, with the aston-
ishing result that in almost every case there is
an excess of expenditure over salary, the average
excess being upward of six hundred dollars.
That is, "almost without exception, the mem-
bers of the Amherst faculty can live with a fair
degree of comfort only as they derive income
from sources other than salary." Is it not about
time that this condition, which is found in most
of our colleges, and which forces scholars to
adopt the predatory methods of Pullman car
porters and waiters in restaurants, should be
remedied in the only manner which can comport
with the dignity of the teaching profession?
If this discussion affected the interests of
Amherst alone, we would hardly be justified in
thus enlarging upon it. Our approval of the
ideals set forth, and our good wishes for the
endeavor, would meet all the demands of the
particular case. But the questions raised affect
many other institutions, and one good example
may give the impetus to a nation-wide move-
ment of reaction against the materialistic
tendencies of both the higher and the lower
education. The whole problem of the small
college is involved, and it is one of the biggest
problems we are called upon to deal with.
We are minded of an even smaller college than
Amherst, a college numbering less than two
hundred students at any one time, which has
held fast to the old educational faith, and whose
aims have recently been set forth in the follow-
ing picturesque terms:
"Hamilton persistently develops as strictly a College
building to and not away from her past, undsflected by
that loose pedagogical sciolism which pretends a clas-
sical course without Greek, or an alleged college course
with no ancient and but one modern language. She
regards the present aversion from Greek and the dawn-


1911.]
463
THE DIAL
ing hostilities even to Latin, as rank philistinism. Just
now the colleges are noisily challenged by those who
fail to distinguish their distinctive underlying idea, and
who stridently demand their surrender to an alleged
preparation distended with all sorts of miscellaneous
and quasi-informational subjects. Not for this super-
ficial and sleazy scheme does this College desert her
well-tested convictions as to what is basic and formative
in education; but stands by the sterner values and is
content to be known by her fruits. She hears but does
not heed the clamor of those who impeach the thorough-
ness which she exacts, avoids the half-baked applicant
who is searching for soft courses, and urges that an
education is something more than a mere degree.
Hamilton asserts the right to offer quality, and she
wants only those who want that. She abides staunchly
by the classical precepts, and would far rather be
known as a clean and resolute old-fashioned College,
than as an educational cafe" or a country club."
The college that is determined, despite all dis-
couragement, to uphold such ideals as these, is
the salt of our educational world. It cannot
offer the "bargains" of the "department-
store " university, nor its elaborate equipment,
nor its imposing faculty roll. It can provide
neither the professional training needed by the
specialist, nor the opportunities required by the
investigator who seeks to enlarge the bounds of
knowledge. But it can do for the average boy
who belongs in college at all something which
the big institution signally fails to do. It can
mould his character as well as his mind; it can
make him realize that there is a hierarchy of
values in education; it can endow him with
broad culture upon a carefully-considered plan;
it can enforce upon him the lesson that human
service is more desirable than worldly success;
and it can fit him for honorable leadership in
the world of men while at the same time it is
enriching his individual life with those intel-
lectual resources which are the sole unfailing
stay against misfortune and adversity. We
sometimes think that the future of civilization
is in the hands of the smaller rather than of
the larger educational institutions, much as the
future of mediaeval Europe was in the hands of
its sturdy communes and chartered towns rather
than in those of the overshadowing monarchies
which seemed to symbolize its authority and
its power. If men are ever again to live in "a
world moralized by principle, steadied and
cleared of many an evil thing by true and
catholic reflection and just feeling," they will
owe their enfranchisement in large measure to
precisely the type of education which all the
colleges used to offer, and which is to-day
offered mainly by those lesser institutions that
seem, to the superficial observer, to have been
outstripped in the educational race.
THE PLACE OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
IN THE COMMUNITY.
There was a strong dominant note in the recent
American Library Association convention at Pasa-
dena that could not fail to impress itself upon the
general observer, possibly even more sharply than
on the more active participants in the meeting.
Many currents of professional interest meet and
mingle and cross in any assembly of workers from a
field at once so varied and so specialized as the
library field has become to-day; but in reviewing
the Pasadena meeting it is evident that the interest
centred upon a single broad phase of modern
library activity — the analysis and presentation of
the Place of the Public Library in the Community:
a presentation dealing not with technical details of
library organization and administration, but with
the broader side of the library's relation to state and
municipal government, the support and privileges
it should receive, and the recognition it deserves as
a far-reaching agency of public education. In Mr.
Wyer's presidential address, on "What the Com-
munity owes the Library," the central thought of the
convention was set forth in concise statements of the
right of the public library to fair financial support, to
carefully chosen and effective trustees, and to clearer
recognition of its influence and its needs. Interesting
and significant in the further development of this
theme was the address of Dr. Bostwick on "The
Exploitation of the Public Library," showing how
the increasing importance of the library in the com-
munity carries with it a danger that its influence
may be deflected into commercial channels or used
to give publicity to personal enterprises unconnected
with legitimate library activity.
A discussion of the relations between libraries
and municipalities carried forward the treatment
of the central theme. The effect of the commission
plan of city government, the influence of branch
libraries within their specific districts, the conditions
of city civil service as bearing upon library efficiency,
were the sub-topics; and in their discussion it was
evident that the place of the public library in the
scheme of city government has not yet been defined
with precision. Perhaps the greatest general inter-
est attached to the discussion of civil-service restric-
tions upon library administration. Certainly this
subject was a most vital one in its relation to public
library efficiency on the Pacific Coast. The point
at issue was the need of a system of civil service
regulating appointment and control of the library
staff, maintained and controlled by the library itself,
as against the inclusion of the library in a general
city civil-service system applying indiscriminately
to employees in all city departments, which
practically removes all administrative control from
the hands of the library authorities. The excellent
address of Mr. Jennings, of the Seattle Public
Library, and the resultant discussions based on the
experience of the leading libraries of the country,


464
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
were of the greatest value in making clear the basic
facts that libraries mnst be dissociated from all
political influences and that library service must be
regarded as a specialized calling in the field of
public education.
Turning from the municipality to the state,
another session was given to the remarkable exten-
sion of library privileges to all sections of the
community, now being carried on through state
commissions, county libraries, and kindred agencies.
The latest departure in this field is that undertaken
by the State of California in the establishment of a
carefully planned and coordinated county library
system. This is in some respects the most signifi-
cant piece of library legislation yet adopted, and the
course of its development will be followed with inter-
est by all concerned in educational affairs. It is
planned to reach not only isolated hamlets and small
settlements with good collections of books —
"branches" of a county library organization, with
headquarters at the county seat, — but through this
medium to bring books direct to individual homes
far removed from public library facilities. What
California has now undertaken is already familiar
in other states, though in somewhat different guise.
In Wisconsin the small public library has achieved
perhaps its highest efficiency, through the fostering
care of the state's Free Library Commission. Here
the travelling library was made the basis of develop-
ment — these small collections being sent out to all
parts of the state, to remote settlements, cross-roads
stores, or even to single farmhouses, for community
use. Such travelling library stations gave impulse
to public library organization in many of these
small communities, and the libraries thus established
were through the services of the Commission organ-
ized on proper technical methods, while at the same
time through the Commission workers the commun-
ities themselves have been led to recognize the
library's importance and its right to fair financial
support. Under the California plan the county
libraries will be in no way dependent upon or con-
trolled by the community they serve; but will be
independent agencies of the general county system,
focussing in the central county library. It will be
seen that these two states thus represent two differ-
ent principles of library development, and a com-
parison of results after a few years' experience
cannot fail to be interesting and valuable. One
notable advantage to the California system is the
much larger income it makes available for library
extension, through the county taxation provided for;
another is that under effective county organization
general development must be more rapid than
through individual effort under supervision; it is
also evident that the California system will mean
a raising of the standard of public librarianship
throughout the state, an improvement in library
salaries, and the consequent placing of library ser-
vice upon a higher professional level. An extremely
useful analysis of the basis upon which library
extension work has been developed in different
sections was given by Mr. Dudgeon, of the Wis-
consin Free Library Commission, pointing out dif-
ferences of method that are inherent in the choice
of different administrative units, such as township,
county, and state. Miss Harriet G. Eddy, of the
California State Library, spoke for the California
plan; Miss Isom, of the Portland Public Library,
described county library extension in Oregon, where
most interesting results are following upon the
efforts of the State Library Commission and the
Portland library authorities to bring good books to
the people outside of the larger cities and towns. The
pioneer work of the Brumbach County Library of
Van Wert, Ohio, one of the first county libraries in
the United States, was reviewed; and an interesting
glimpse was given of the unique extension methods
developed by the Washington County Free Library
of Hagerstown, Maryland, where a "book wagon"
makes its regular rounds through the sparsely settled
primitive country regions, its precious freight
eagerly awaited by the dwellers in the isolated farm-
houses and mountain cabins. In logical pendant to
this varied and enlightening review of ways and
means by which books are being made a part of the
daily current of American life, was the vigorous and
well-ordered statement of "The basis of support for
public library work," given by Mr. Hopper, of the
Tacoma Public Library, which, while dealing speci-
fically with the fiscal details of library support —
methods of effective preparation and presentation
of budgets, principles regulating increase of appro-
priations, etc. — was at the same time an excellent
presentation of the development of the public library
into one of the great educational departments of
municipal and state government. The efficiency
of the library as an educational factor was further
emphasized in a well-considered paper by Mr.
Arthur H. Chamberlain of the National Education
Association, who urged the advantages of closer
relations and cooperation between the two great
national associations of teachers and librarians.
While this summary is necessarily both brief and
selective, still it is believed that it fairly indicates
the dominant note of the latest conference of Ameri-
can librarians — the main channel along which
thought and speech were directed and in which
after-influence is most likely to be realized. That
such after-influence will be of special value to the
library development of the Pacific Coast, there is
every reason to believe. The growth of public
libraries within the last decade has been notable
through all this region; but there is not yet the full
response from the community that is necessary to
bring library service to its highest efficiency. The
clear and certain tones in which at this meeting
the basic principles of modern library development
were set forth must prove both stimulating and in-
forming. The removal of the library from political
influences, the improvement of librarianship in
qualifications and in material reward, the power of
books for education and for recreation in every
walk of life, and the duty laid upon state and city


1911.]
465
THE DIAL
to make the library valuable and available to every
citizen — when these essentials are more clearly
understood the place of the library in the commu-
nity will be less vital a subject for argument and
exposition. Helen E. Haines.
CASUAL COMMENT.
The Mrs. Stowe centennial falls at a season
so rich in centennial or semi-centennial memories
as to incur the risk of being inadequately observed.
Yet the hundredth birthday (June 14) of the
writer of one of the most notable and most popular
books ever published, and of many others of equal
or even greater excellence, was widely celebrated.
At Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, Mrs.
Stowe's memory was suitably honored in the com-
mencement address delivered by her son, the Rev.
Charles Edward Stowe; and the women's clubs,
especially in the East, were not remiss in paying
tribute to one of the noblest of their sex. Most
noteworthy of all souvenirs of the occasion is the
centennial volume published by the Houghton
Mifflin Company and reviewed elsewhere in this issue
of The Dial, — "The Life of Harriet Beecher
Stowe," by her son above mentioned and her grand-
son Lyman Beecher Stowe. "It is different from
the conventional life and letters," explains the
latter; "it is, in fact, constructed on the plan of a
novel, in which she is the heroine." Twenty-two
years have passed since the "Life and Letters"
compiled by the son was published in Mrs. Stowe's
lifetime. She has now been dead fifteen years, and
the world is ready for another and more nearly
complete account of her remarkable life.
• • •
The genial Sir William S. Gilbert, dear to
us in childhood for his "Bab Ballads" (which, in-
deed, have been perhaps more appreciatively read
and enjoyed in our riper years) and still more se-
curely enshrined in our hearts by reason of his in-
comparable librettos to Sullivan's delightful operas,
has died in fulness of years and of honors. Four years
ago he was knighted by an appreciative sovereign,
and so far as it is possible for fame and fortune to
minister to the happiness of a gifted writer, he must
have had little to ask for in this respect during the
latter part of his life. As government clerk, barrister,
militia captain, journalist, story-writer, dramatist,
poet (even if not of the sublimest strain), librettist,
and ever-delightful raconteur and conversationalist,
he had lived a full life, and, we imagine, enjoyed it
to the full. In rendering him our tribute of grati-
tude for pleasure afforded by the products of his
mirthful genius, we accord him a place among the
immortals by the side of Hood and Calverley and
Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. A singular coin-
cidence in connection with his death was the bril-
liantly successful revival of "Pinafore" at the Casino
Theatre in New York on the very day that was his
last on earth.
The River Wye quest, so laboriously and per-
severingly pursued by Dr. Orville Owen, ought to
yield fruits of some sort, for one cannot well exca-
vate extensively in historic soil without chancing
upon divers relics of greater or less antiquity. But
that the bed of a stream which modern hydraulic
engineers cannot easily control even for a few hours
should have been excavated by Bacon and made
the hiding place of important records, with no trace
of the wonderful achievement either in contempo-
rary writings or in his own diaries, letters, or note-
books, passes belief. Dr. Appleton Morgan, author
of "The Shakespearean Myth" (1881), is reported
as expressing his entire disbelief in Dr. Owen's
theory, and at the same time as calling attention to
the antiquity and persistence of the doubt concern-
ing Shakespeare's authorship. A century and a
quarter ago Malone made researches that threw a
shade of uncertainty over this authorship. The
curious are referred to Sir James Prior's "Life of
Edmund Malone." Even in this country, the ques-
tion of who wrote the plays dates back earlier than
Delia Bacon and her first Baconian article of 1856.
In the original form in which Emerson's lecture on
Shakespeare was delivered in 1835 occurs a notable
passage, ending thus: "I cannot marry this man
to his verse. Other admirable men have lived in
some sort of keeping with their thought . . . but
this man in wide contrast. . . . Shakespeare is a
voice merely — who this singer was we know not."
This query it may have been that started Miss
Delia Bacon on her mad quest, and it may be this
query likewise that is ultimately responsible for the
recent attempt to prove that the plays were written,
not by Shakespeare himself, but by another man
of the same name, perhaps his cousin. As large
streams from little fountains flow, so strange books
from chance suggestions grow.
• • •
The advantage of a highly inflected lan-
guage, one must acknowledge as he turns now and
then with wearinesss from the facile fluency and
exuberance of some modern writer in English or
French or Italian, is that it not only can but must
say so much in a few words, and that what it
says is commonly free from ambiguity. Contrast
the style of Browning with that of Lucretius, for
example, — the former often tortuous as well as
prolix, the latter plain, direct, forcible, and com-
pressing his theory of the universe into six books
or cantos of moderate length. The quoting of tags
of Latin is often censured as savoring of pedantry
or affectation ; but there is pleasure in a well-turned
Latin phrase, and the user of it may well be par-
doned for wishing to communicate the pleasure to
others. The classic Roman writers, belonging as
they did to a race given rather to deeds than to
words, knew the value of brevity, of compression, of
restraint. Emerson, one of the world's models for
simplicity and directness, was once asked by a friend,
"What do you consider the supreme quality of a
fine literary style "? Pausing for a moment and


466 THE DIAL [June 16,
!
gazing intently into the fire before which he and
his interlocutor were sitting, he turned to the
speaker, and, looking him full in the face, said:
"Suppression." This reminds one of Walter
Bagehot's laudation of "animated restraint" as
the essence of good literary style. By chance, we
have just come upon the following in the pages of
an eminent writer who abhors Latin: "It is due
to the fact of long-continued and calamitous errors
and excesses in this part of our nature to which the
dumb instinct of the race that always says one
thing while meaning another, but is always inerrant
when rightly interpreted, has reacted by developing
the sense of shame." This awful example (and it
by no means stands in lonely isolation) of what a
sentence should not be occurs on page 459 of Vol-
ume I. of Dr. G. Stanley Hall's recent "Educational
Problems," and taken in connection with its author's
professed disapproval of classical studies, is illumi-
nating. . . .
A NOTABLE INSTANCE OF HOPE DEFERRED was
the weary waiting of Mr. Jeffery Farnol for suc-
cess to crown the effort he had put forth in "The
Broad Highway." But the desire came, after seven
years, and has doubtless proved a tree of life to the
promising young author. By a curious accident,
the day of fruition seems to have been needlessly
and wantonly postponed by that divinity which is
supposed to shape our ends. Mr. Farnol, having
come to America with his wares, was supporting
himself and wife by painting scenes for a New
York theatre until he should succeed in marketing
his novel, when an actor friend offered to take it
with him to Boston and try to prevail on an ac-
quaintance there, a publisher, to bring it out. Then
followed a long wait, weeks lengthening into months
as they have a way of doing on such occasions, and
still no report from that Boston publisher. At last
the actor's engagements, or leisure, brought him
around to New York again, and Mr. Farnol hunted
him up in the hope of hearing some news of his
literary venture. He was not unnaturally vexed to
learn that his friend had forgotten the matter
entirely, had not so much as visited the publishing
house in question, and had kept the precious manu-
script in the bottom of one of his trunks all that
time. But the sequel is the significant part of the
whole. When, a little later, the rather discouraged
young author returned to England, a publisher was
finally found for his book in London, and the
American rights were secured by the very house to
which the forgetful actor friend had intended to
submit the manuscript some months before.
• • •
CO-OPERATION BETWEEN THE A. L. A. AND THE
N. E. A. (the initials standing, of course, for our
well-known associations of librarians and educators,
respectively) is urged by Miss Ahem, chairman of
a committee appointed by the former body a year
(or more) ago to consider the matter. In this
season of annual conventions of both teachers and
library workers, the suggestions submitted by Miss
Ahern's committee are timely. She first calls at-
tention to the fortunate abandonment, on the part
of the National Education Association, of its one-
time purpose to discontinue its library department;
and she then recommends, first, a closer relation-
ship between the governing powers of the two great
organizations, in order that the aims and methods
of the A. L. A. may be better understood by the
N. E. A.; secondly, "that a definite place on the
annual program of the A.L.A. be provided for a
discussion of the problems that are common to
schools and libraries, particularly as a source of
helpfulness to the constantly growing class of school
librarians "; and, thirdly, that college and university
librarians be brought to a more definite conception
of the nature and importance of their work and of
the place occupied by their libraries among the
other departments of their respective institutions.
To the latter end, Miss Ahem suggests an enlarge-
ment of her committee so as to cover the whole
country, each member reporting progress in his
or her district as to library instruction to teachers
or students of colleges and schools, with a view to
ascertaining needs and recommending measures for
their relief. . . .
The size of a library's governing body
should be small, for prompt and effective adminis-
tration. The presence of several ex officio mem-
bers on the board of trustees, and of six or eight
more who care for the position simply as a stepping
stone to more important (and lucrative) political
office, w not conducive to a vigorous and intelligent
management of public library business. The cur-
rent Report of the Iowa Library Commission
contains a wise recommendation: "Section 728
regarding trustees of public libraries should be
amended without disturbing the working of the
law by reducing the number of trustees from nine
to seven or five." And further: "A clause should
be inserted in the same section regarding inactive
or delinquent trustees. Provision should be made
declaring vacancies in the Board in case members
absent themselves habitually from meetings of the
Board while in the city and in good health."
Truant trustees are causing more and more dissat-
isfaction in other quarters besides Iowa. As to
the best number for a working body of library
directors, we note that Boston, with a longer expe-
rience to profit by than any other of our cities,
elects five trustees to serve five years each, one
vacancy being created and filled every year; and
there are no ex officio members. On the other
hand, Brooklyn, with a library activity not enough
greater to warrant the difference, has a board of
twenty-two members — surely an unwieldy body,
and involving the constant difficulty, if not im-
possibility, of securing full attendance at regular
meetings. A board of public library trustees can
certainly be reduced considerably below twenty-two


1911.]
467
THE DIAL
members without becoming an oligarchy. Indeed,
with a large board the danger is that an autocracy
will be established by some one dominant and ener-
getic member, or a clique of members.
The first national library convention in
California was held in San Francisco in 1891,
with an attendance numbering eighty-three. The
second, just held at Pasadena, had an attendance
stated at 570, of which number not less than 300
were Calif ornians. These figures are significant in
illustrating the remarkable growth of library activity
in California. They mean that virtually the entire
body of library workers in a state notable for its
recent library development has for the first time
come into touch with the spirit and fellowship of
the national association, has drawn directly upon its
influence, and has realized more clearly the strength
of common effort in a common cause. In its turn, the
national association has benefitted and broadened
by the transfusion of new interests that must result,
not only in the form of increased membership, but
in bringing more closely together work and workers
from both edges of the continent.
The publishing record of the A. L. A. shows
praiseworthy and disinterested activity extending
over almost a quarter-century and productive of a
long list of valuable printed aids to the library work-
er. The current report of Mr. Henry E. Legler,
chairman of the A. L. A. Publishing Board, is by this
time in the hands of all who attended the Pasadena
conference, and of many others. The gift from Mr.
Carnegie, nine years ago, of one hundred thousand
dollars as an endowment fund for the prosecution
of such bibliographical undertakings as the Publish-
ing Board might approve, has made possible the
"A. L. A. Booklist," to which its annual proceeds
are largely devoted, and other publications. From
the sales of these works there is also derived a
regular income, which for the last ten months, as
the Report shows, amounted to nearly five thousand
dollars. All this goes to illustrate, in a striking
way, how the publishing enterprises of the Associa-
tion have increased since Mr. Poole, Mr. Fletcher,
and others, thirty years ago, made arrangements
for a new edition of "Poole's Index" with the
countenance and encouragement of their associates
in library work.
The hopefulness of prize-story writers has
seldom had a better illustration than that cited by
"The Bookman" in an account of a contest that
evoked fifteen thousand manuscripts. Two days
after the announcement of this short-story contest
there was sent in a tale that left nothing to be de-
sired in point of brevity, being boiled down to two
hundred and forty-eight words. But it was ignor-
antly written in pencil on brown paper, and with it
came this peremptory order: "Send the $7000 by
registered male, as need it to rase morgage." This,
however, is hardly more astonishing than the letters
frequently received by magazine and newspaper
editors, offering to supply poetry or fiction, or both,
to the full capacity of the publication in question,
and dictating terms of no shrinkingly modest nature.
The appalling excess of zeal over knowledge in this
world of ours could not reveal itself more strikingly
than in these confidently expectant letters from the
illiterate possessors of a genius that is only await-
ing the opportunity of a suitable outlet in order to
flood the land with masterpieces. No pent-up Utica
ever contracted the powers of a Cato as does the
lack of sufficiently liberal editorial overtures restrain
the capacities of these might-be poets and novelists.
• • •
The late F. W. H. Myers, poet, essayist, biog-
rapher, psychical-researcher, and dreamer, whose
life of Wordsworth in the " English Men of Letters"
series has introduced so many of us to the appre-
ciative study of that poet, has been dead now ten
years, and still no biography of the man has ap-
peared. His widow's preface to "Fragments of
Prose and Poetry" from her husband's writings
led us to hope for a volume of his letters, with per-
haps some account of his too-short life; but it may
be that the intimate and personal character of these
letters has caused the indefinite postponement of
any such undertaking. Meanwhile one hails with
satisfaction Mr. Arthur C. Benson's reminiscences
of Myers in the current " Cornhill Magazine," from
which we here snatch the following few lines as
affording a glimpse of the ever-reserved, ever-court-
eous poet and idealist: "It was characteristic of
him that, when I once sent him a book of my own,
he acknowledged it at once with great warmth, but
said that, though he had read it, he would express
no opinion upon it. He added that he had once
lost a friendship through expressing a perfectly
candid opinion of a book, and that he had made a
rule never to express an opinion again."
• • •
"My Idealed John Bullesses " is the caption
under which Yoshio Markino, Japanese artist and
astute observer of Western manners, is writing
down his opinions of English women for the benefit
of readers of "The English Review." He has
arrived, in the latest instalment, at the Suffrage
question, which appears to his unprejudiced mind
no question at all. Indeed, the Englishman's
opposition to votes for women leads Markino to a
polite wonder about the sincerity of the vaunted
Western "respect-ness" towards women. The
Japanese boy has found more kindness and sym-
pathy, higher ambitions, and more intellect among
English women than English men. "The John
Bullesses have very romantic appearance just like
butterflies," he explains. "They are the good sub-
jects for novels, poetries, and pictures. But their
innerside is very much matter-of-fact." As for
the John Bullesses who don't want to vote because
they "don't want to be any kind of an officer,"
Markino reassures them gallantly thus: "Why


468
[June 16,
THE DIAL
should you have to be an officer because you have
the right to vote? Rest assured! If you turn your
head aside and hide your charmingly sweet face
with your big-plumed hat, nobody will pull you up
to the officer's seat." Spirited little sketches of
suffragette John Bullesses add piquancy to the
artist's verbal impressions. We shall hope to have
them all in a book before long.
• • •
A FRUITFUL SUBJECT FOR A PRIZE DISSERTA-
TION, open for treatment at the hands of any mem-
ber of Harvard University, has been announced.
It is this: "Can Harvard do better service to the
country by reducing the price of education, by
adopting the German system of compensating pro-
fessors, by favoring the leadership of the intellec-
tual student rather than of the athletic or convivial
student, or by any other change?" The last clause
surely gives the competing essayist all the latitude
he need ask for. In connection with the German
system of compensating professors, something might
be said for or against the German system of uni-
versity administration in general, in its striking
contrast with our own method. And inasmuch as
the American university, or any university, for that
matter, never is but always to be blessed with a
perfect system of management and a faultless cur-
riculum, the opportunity here offered to university-
reformers at Cambridge is a large one. The award
of the prizes (S350 first, and $150 second) will be
made by Mr. William Roscoe Thayer, editor of
"The Harvard Graduates' Magazine"; Mr. Thomas
Tileston Baldwin, Jr., president of the Advocate
Graduate Board; and the president of the Ad-
vocate Undergraduate Board.
• • •
Bulls and bears on the literary exchange
may some day (though we are not longing for its
advent) become as conspicuously active as those of
the stock exchange. When that time arrives, if it
ever does, such news items as the following, con-
ceived in anticipation by "Punch," will probably
be common enough: "Paradise Lost crumbled, but
Hamlets and Othellos boomed on fresh wires from
the Shakespeare Exploration Syndicate, whose min-
ing expert reported having struck a new reef of
code first editions. These last ran up hurriedly on
the rumor that Mr. Pierpont Morgan was getting
together a complete collection of the bard's works
regardless of expense, and any refuse having any
resemblance to an old copy was worked off on out-
siders at enhanced figures." A timely market item
just now might be: Shakespeare-Baconiana slumped
twenty-seven points on the report from Chepstow
that Dr. Orville Owen had abanded his work of
excavating the bed of the River Wye at that place,
having discovered to his chagrin that what he had
so confidently expected would prove to be huge
boxes containing important Bacon manuscripts
were in reality the foundations of an old Roman
bridge. First editions of "The Great Cryptogram"
are now offered at eighteen cents, with no takers.
COMMUNICA TIONS.
HOW ONE MAN "TOOK" LITERATURE.
("To the Editor of The Dial.)
The editorial in your issue of June 1, on "The
Approaches to Literature," pictures a well-recognized
condition to many who are vitally interested in the
matter. People who have not had the advantages of a
higher education — possibly no higher than the gram-
mar school — often have a tendency to be frightened at
the word "literature"; nevertheless, they are just as
likely to find enjoyment and profit in literature as a
Doctor of Letters. Here is a typical example.
In the Washington office of a New York newspaper
is employed a man of middle age who in his boyhood
refused to finish even the common graded school-work.
He became a messenger boy for the Western Union
Telegraph Company, and later a telegraph operator,
which position he has filled ever since. Without any-
one to guide him — he is single, and lives alone in a
boarding-house — he has cultivated a well-defined taste
for the best writings. What money he has remaining
from living expenses he spends for books. His room
is stocked with good editions of writers of standard
fiction. For more solid reading he takes to history, and
apparently cannot find enough to quench his thirst.
This man has not only read purely for pleasure, but
he finds so much enjoyment in his books that he reads
them again and again, until he has become a very good
critic. His ideas of style and literary values are based
upon reasoning as solid as that of any literary profes-
sor. This ability is unsophisticated and original, and
for that reason he proves the more interesting to the
few friends to whom he chooses to make his attain-
ments known. Literature has furnished him his chief
source of pleasure in life, and also has helped him in a
very practical and peculiar way. He had the misfor-
tune to inherit a thirst for alcoholic drink. He indulges
only at long intervals, but these indulgences may extend
over a period of weeks. This weakness has not gained
for him any more friends, but the horror of it stares
him in the face every day, causing him to retire the
more into himself. He confessed to me one day that
the only comfort he can get at the times this spectre is
hovering over him is from his books. He will lock
himself up in his rooms for days at a time, while his
nervous system is recovering its tone, and read assidu-
ously in order to forget "the outside world."
This shows how one man approached literature, and
what he got out of it in his own way.
V. GlLMORE IDEN.
Washington, D. C, June 9, 1911.
POETIC RESEMBLANCES.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In an article on William Goldsmith Brown, in your
issue of May 16, you conclude with an extract from a
poem by him, which it is interesting to compare with
one written by Emily Dickinson and printed in the first
series of her published poems.
"If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching.
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain."
Waterbury, Conn., June 5, 1911. E- R- F-


1911.]
469
THE
DIAL
*' Uncle Tom's Cabin" and its Author.*
The centenary volume on Mrs. Stowe, by
her son and her grandson, announces itself as
"The story of a real character; telling not so
much what she did, as what she was, and how
she became what she was." It is somewhat of
a disappointment to find it an unsystematic
anecdotal biography, made up largely of ma-
terial already used in "The Life of Harriet
Beecher Stowe " published by her son in 1889.
Even five of the eight illustrations did duty in
the earlier volume. Of the material not in the
biography of 1889, a great part comes from
Mrs. James T. Fields's "Life." The interest
that attaches to the centenary warranted a new
book on Mrs. Stowe, even if there were few or
no new facts to present; but it might have
been better if the authors had undertaken and
frankly announced a condensation of Mr. C. E.
Stowe's rather unwieldy biography. The pres-
ent volume will seem a little incoherent to one
who does not know the story of Mrs. Stowe's
life, and will be a wearisome repetition to the
reader who has gained that knowledge from the
ordinary sources.
This latest attempt, like earlier biographies
of Mrs. Stowe, portrays fairly well a woman
who might have written "The Minister's
Wooing" or "Oldtown Folks," but it fails
somehow to picture the possible author of
"Uncle Tom's Cabin." It would be idle to
speculate whether fifteen volumes of Mrs.
Stowe's collected works would now be in print
if it were not for the sixteenth; especially idle,
perhaps, since there is little likelihood that
without the success of this one volume many of
the others would have been written. The fact
is, however, that Mrs. Stowe lives, and appar-
ently will live even more in the future, as the
author of one book.
When "Uncle Tom's Cabin" first appeared
it was believed to be a campaign document
which would not survive the circumstances that
called it forth. A little later its popularity
was explained as due to its historical impor-
tance. The dramatization was taken still less
seriously. Professor Barrett Wendell wrote
in his "Literary History of America": "To
this day dramatized versions of it are said to
* Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Story of her Life.
By her son, Charles Edward Stowe, and her grandson,
Lyman Beecher Stowe. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Co.
be popular in this country." If the current
story is true, the week in which his book
appeared saw the bill-boards nearest Harvard
College yard covered with announcements
of the despised play. A year or two later a
traveller whose attention had been quickened
by this incident saw similar posters opposite
the Martyrs' Monument at Oxford, and found,
on his first stroll in Rome, the familiar faces
of Uncle Tom and Little Eva looking down
at him from a bill-board near the Colisseum.
Surely, the Englishman and the Italian who
in the twentieth century attend performances of
"Uncle Tom's Cabin " do not do so on account
of any interest in American social history.
The play is of course the most intense melo-
drama, and the tale on which it is founded is
melodramatic. But melodramas ordinarily come
and go, and the melodrama that holds its own
in divers parts of the world for sixty years can
hardly be ignored in the literary history of the
country that produced it.
It is always perplexing to find that a work
which runs contrary to the recognized princi-
ples of art is the one which the world will not
willingly let die. The critic easily dissects
"Uncle Tom's Cabin " into nothingness. The
plot is ill-proportioned and formless; the diction
and style are not above reproach; the humor
and the pathos are in a rather cheap conventional
manner. But the man who says all this knows
that he is speaking of one of the very few books
which almost all of his auditors, of all intellec-
tual and social conditions, have read, and read
with pleasure. The secret of this popularity is
not easy to analyze. The story shows genuine-
ness and intensity of moral enthusiasm, it
abounds in what the journalist calls "human
interest"; but this is true of many books
which excel in proportion and style, and which,
nevertheless, last but a brief day. Mrs. Stowe
herself has, in the judgment of most critics,
written at least two novels of greater artistic
excellence. It would be rash to say that the
book belongs with the few works in which
genius shows its greatness by disregarding all
rules, but the persistency of its appeal at least
makes one long for an explanation.
Conflicting anecdotes, published both before
and after Mrs. Stowe's death, purport to tell
how the book was written, but none of them
explains it. It seems to have come into being
in the same way that one of the characters it
portrays accounted for her own existence. And
so, doubtless, it did grow out of the author's
deeper life. For this reason it might be well


470
[June 16,
THE DIAL
if we could really know "what she was, and
how she became what she was." This infor-
mation is not, however, likely to come from a
family biography. Both the recent volume and
the earlier life by Mr. C. E. Stowe are admir-
able in their frankness. Mrs. Stowe's life was
remarkably free from anything of which those
nearest to her might be ashamed; but there
were, as in any life, some things that were to
be regretted. Those matters which a false fam-
ily sensitiveness might have tried to suppress —
the Lady Byron episode, for example — have
been touched by Mr. Stowe with a delicate
openness that makes his books in this respect
a model. Still, a satisfactory analysis of Mrs.
Stowe's character will be made, if at all, only
by a student working without entanglement or
prejudice. What was the secret of that lack
of social and personal distinction, so strange in
a member of a family intellectually so distin-
guished? What should we infer regarding her
emotional nature from the story of her strange
courtship? What was the real influence on
her life of her marriage with Professor Stowe?
What were the real causes that led a daughter
of the Beechers into the Episcopalian com-
munion? What impressions did she make on
the Southern people, of all colors and condi-
tions, with whom she lived so soon after the
war? or on those Englishwomen of rank whom
she was wont to address as " Mrs." and correct
herself, apologetically, to " Lady "? From the
answers to these, and a score of other questions
which the story of her life suggests, it might be
possible to construct a picture of her character
that would adequately explain her greatest
work. Such an investigation might, however,
lead only to the profitless discussion of trivial
gossip in which biographical studies sometimes
result. There are some works which it is well
to take and enjoy without subjecting them or
their authors to the analysis of academic re-
search. Perhaps "Uncle Tom's Cabin" is one
of these. William B. Cairns.
The Future of Woman.*
In a small library of recent books on woman,
two may be selected as having at least this in
common: that they attempt to deal with the
modern problem broadly, and to determine the
true source of existing discontent. Both au-
* Woman and Labor. By Olive Schreiner. New
York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
The Man-Made World; or. Our Androcentric Culture.
By Charlotte Perkins Gilman. New York: Charlton Co.
thors are strongly of the opinion that woman
has a serious grievance, in the removal of which
humanity in general is vitally interested. The
remedy proposed is also nearly the same—sub-
stantially that of giving the sexes equal rights
and duties in all the affairs of life.
"Woman and Labor," by Olive Schreiner,
was written under unusual circumstances, while
the author was held a prisoner during the Boer
War in South Africa. It represents a small
part of a much larger book, which had been in
preparation for many years, but was destroyed
when the author's house in Johannesburg was
looted during the progress of the war. We can
never adequately judge of our loss from this
outrageous piece of vandalism, but so far as it
is possible to form an opinion from the fragment
now published, it is heavy. Written under
difficulties and without works of reference, the
book is naturally not rich in statistical informa-
tion, nor perhaps always minutely accurate as
to matters of fact, as shown for instance in the
account of "winged ticks " on p. 76. Broadly
speaking, however, the argument is adequately
presented and well supported; so well and so
clearly, that we cannot bring ourselves to wish
it different in any important particular. It is
indeed possible that the work as it is will have
more influence on the public mind than the
larger and more elaborate volume could have
had. It is pointed out that in past ages both man
and woman were fully and actively employed.
While man engaged in the chase, in battle, or
other strenuous pursuits, woman cultivated the
soil and cared for the children. Each had
plenty of interesting work, full of incident and
exercising faculties of mind and body. There
were of course variations and exceptions, but in
general, it is maintained, this was true. Mod-
ern civilization and science have robbed man of
many of his old fields of activity, but while
doing so, they have opened before him many
other avenues, so that his life to-day is perhaps
richer than ever before.
"The brain of one consumptive German chemist,
who in his laboratory compounds a new explosive, has
more effect upon the wars of the modern peoples than
ten thousand soldierly legs and arms; and the man who
invents one new labor-saving machine may, through the
cerebration of a few days, have performed the labor it
would otherwise have taken hundreds of thousands of
his lusty fellows decades to accomplish." (P. 36.)
In spite of this, however: —
"Never before in the history of the earth has the
man's field of remunerative toil been so wide, so inter-
esting, so complex, and in its results so all-important to
society; never before has the male sex, taken as a whole,
been so fully and strenuously employed." (P. 44.)


1911.]
171
THE DIAL
All this will be generally admitted; but what
of woman? Man has taken from her much of
the work which used to be specially her own;
science and commerce have rendered a large
part unnecessary, so that she is in danger of
being reduced, more or less, to a condition of
"sex-parasitism."
"Our spinning-wheels are all broken: in a thousand
huge buildings steam-driven looms, guided by a few
hundred thousands of hands (often those of men), pro-
duce the clothing of half the world; and we dare no
longer say, proudly, as of old, that we and we alone
clothe our peoples. . . . The army of rosy milkmaids
has passed away for ever, to give place to the cream-
separator and the, largely, male-and-machinery-mani-
pulated butter pat. In every direction the ancient saw,
that it was exclusively the woman's sphere to prepare
viands of her household, has become, in proportion as
civilization has perfected itself, an antiquated lie."
The case is not parallel to that of man, because
for women — although new opportunities have
come to some extent—on the whole the tendency
is toward dependence on masculine labor, and
reduction to few and comparatively uninterest-
ing activities. In combating this, the modern
woman is not proposing anything radically
new, but is merely trying to regain her former
position of equality as a producer and factor
in civilization generally. She is not trying to
widen the gap between the sexes, but, on the
contrary, to bring them together in common
pursuits and common aims.
"We have called the woman's movement of our age
an endeavor on the part of women among modern
civilized races to find new fields of labor as the old slip
from them, as an attempt to escape from parasitism
and an inactive dependence upon sex function alone;
but, viewed from another side, the woman's movement
might not less justly be called a part of a great move-
ment of the sexes towards each other, a movement
towards common occupations, common interests, com-
mon ideals, and an emotional tenderness and sympathy
between the sexes more deeply founded and more in-
destructible than any the world has yet seen."
On opening Mrs. Gilman's book, " The Man-
made World," the following paragraph was the
first to catch my eye:
"< Tell me the secret of married happiness,' says the
blooming bride-to-be to the sweet-faced grandmother.
And that placid dame replies with unexpected fervor,
'Feed the brute!"' (P. 67.)
A little further search revealed the following:
"The female is the race-type —■ the man the variant.
The female, as a race-type, having the female processes
besides, best performs the race processes. The male,
however, has with great difficulty developed them,
always heavily handicapped by bis maleness; being in
origin essentially a creature of sex, and so dominated
almost exclusively by sex impulses." (P. 238.)
It is in a way unfair to pick out these ex-
treme statements and present them away from
their context. Much that is reasonable and
wise could be selected for citation, yet the
animus suggested by the excerpts pervades the
whole book. Much may be forgiven to noble
wrath at undeniably outrageous evils; but, after
all, it is necessary, for the sake of the cause
itself, to use good judgment.
The man-made world, as Mrs. Gilman sees
it, is full of failures, due in the main to the
dominance of masculine instincts. An " andro-
centric culture," centering about man, fails
because man is not really a "normal" human
being, but is a creature set apart to perform cer-
tain functions directly or indirectly connected
with sex. He is essentially an outsider, like
the drone in a bee-hive. Woman, on the other
hand, represents the "normal." A civilization
centering about her would be self-contained,
reasonable, successful. The predatory and de-
structive tendencies would hardly be in evi-
dence; so the worst evils of to-day, due to war
and competition, would be eliminated.
For the essence of all this, as is explained
in the preface, we are indebted to Professor
Lester Ward. It is impossible to deny that
there is something in it, especially as applied to
the present one-sided condition of affairs. It is
also necessary to say that many passages in the
book appear not to demand a "gynaecocentric
culture " in place of what we have, but rather
an equality of the sexes. To debate the whole
question would require another book; but so far
as the reviewer may be entitled to an opinion,
it is that of the two works reviewed the first is
infinitely superior in both judgment and feeling,
while the second, though seeming to him to
fail seriously in these respects, is nevertheless
worth reading and will deserve and have a place
in the history of thought along with the au-
thor's many other writings.
As a matter of sociology, it seems to me
probable that the intellectual dominance of man
(probably not so complete as we are wont to
assume!) has what may be called a functional
significance. Man, as the male sex, has needed
great abilities of mind and body for use during
brief periods of his life. In some of the lower
animals, the male actually " burns out" and dies,
while the female lives long after to perform her
necessary functions. Civilization really began
when it was discovered that masculine powers
were not merely masculine, but could be utilized
for general social purposes. It was, in a way,
the utilization of what had been a waste product.


472
[June 16,
THE DIAL
Woman, however, has inherited nearly the same
intellectual and emotional qualities, and so far
as we can now see there is neither excuse nor
reason for excluding her from any of the higher
social activities. T- D. A> Cockekell.
Oliver Goldsmith Newly Explained.*
The principal lives of Goldsmith have
hitherto been either carefully "documented"
biographies like those by Sir James Prior in
1837 and by John Forster in 1848, or sym-
pathetic attempts at appreciation like those by
Washington Irving in 1844 and Mr. Austin
Dobson in 1888. All of these writers have
been puzzled by the strange mixture of facts
and traits and comments furnished in the bills
and account-books of tailors and booksellers,
and the more or less random records of Glover,
Cooke, Miss Burney, Tom Davies, Bishop
Percy, and of various people as reported by
Boswell. Mr. Austin Dobson, in his "delight-
ful study" (as Mr. Moore rightly calls it), is
properly discriminating; for he says explicitly
that "the testimony of witnesses such as John-
son and Reynolds, or even as Glover and Cooke,
is of far greater import than that of Walpole,
or Boswell, or Hawkins [one of Samuel John-
son's biographers], who scarcely ever speak of
him without an accent of disdain or patronage."
Nevertheless, Mr. Frankfort Moore, well known
as an industrious and fertile writer of comedies
and novels (for example," The Jessamy Bride "),
himself an Irishman, has now taken up the
cudgels in Goldsmith's defense, and has directed
his attention chiefly against this "accent of
disdain or patronage."
Mr. Moore undertakes to do two things: to
disprove the credibility of Boswell and others,
and, as a necessary consequence, to explain
Goldsmith, who, just because he was an Irish-
man, was inevitably and eternally misunderstood
by the Englishmen and Scotchmen among whom
he lived in London, and by whom chiefly his
doings have been reported to us. In both
these undertakings he seems to have abund-
antly succeeded.
In his thirty-page Introduction, Mr. Moore
denies Boswell s credibility and sincerity, and
accuses him of malice and wilful inaccuracy.
He supports his attack by citing Miss Burney,
by examining the cases of Barretti and of Gar-
rick (both of whom Boswell hated), by quoting
•Thk Like ok Omvkr Goldsmith. By F. Frankfort
Moore. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
Walpole's denunciation of Boswell, and by
reference to "well-known" facts about the
Boswell family's attitude toward the " Life of
Johnson." He further charges that Boswell,
like some others of Johnson's circle, was tem-
peramentally unable to understand Goldsmith;
and to make this point clear, he enters into a
detailed exposition of Goldsmith's characteris-
tically Irish training and ways. Of Goldsmith's
training, Mr. Moore remarks, at the end of
Chapter I, on the Ireland of Oliver Goldsmith:
"An implicit trust in Providence makes the most
improvident of people; but when a man occupies the
position of a local providence, his condition becomes
hopeless, owing to the onerous character of the obli-
gations imposed upon him by the role. There can be
little doubt that this was the part which his father was
encouraged to play; and he played it to the entire sat-
isfaction of the neighborhood. That was very well so
far as it went; but such a position as he occupied should
only be a life one; an attempt to establish a dynasty
on such a basis is certain to end in disaster. The father
of the Goldsmiths believed in the hereditary principle
in this connection; he taught his children the unworldly
doctrine that it is more blessed to give than to receive,
and the result was to unfit them for worldly success.
One of the most prominent characteristics of the world
is worldliness, but Charles Goldsmith led his children
to believe exactly the opposite; and the result was that
one of them lived miserably as a genius and another
starved as a carpenter. There was not a member of
the family that did not 'go under.' The worldliness
of the world was too much for them, seeing that they
had been taught from their infancy that unworldliness
is the most important of virtues. The others were all
probably as truly loved within their circle, which was
bounded by the tiny town of Elphin in the north and
the obscure village of Ballymahon in the south, as
Oliver Goldsmith was by his circle, which even in his
own day was bounded only by the circumference of the
globe; but all became equally submerged by the stress
and strain of life in a world that was made for the
worldly."
The one particular, however, in which Gold-
smith was sure to be misunderstood by most
Englishmen, and (Mr. Moore implies) by all
Scotchmen, was his unwise but persistent use
of various forms of Irish humor; and the worst
of it was that the people who misunderstood
him thought him a fool. Among these forms
of humor was the bull. Cooke called Gold-
smith a fool, because "If you gave him change
for a bad shilling and you gave him the shilling
back, he would say, 'What's the matter with
the shilling? It's as good a shilling as ever
was born."' On this Mr. Moore comments:
"Of course the people who came to understand this
form of his native humor found him extremely amusing
and looked upon him as a delightful companion; but
the majority of these people were not of the recording
sort: they did not keep diaries, nor did they write
biographies. But let not Boswell tell us that Gold-


1911.]
473
THE DIAI
smith, if he was the ignorant, foolish, pushing, easily
irritated conversational blunderer that he tries to make
him out to be, would have become the beloved friend
of people known to fashion as well as of people known
to fame."
Another form of humor is a subtly ironical
comment, delivered with a perfectly straight
face. Mr. Moore instances the lines in "Re-
taliation," which Cumberland took as compli-
mentary, and concludes:
"We will only beg of a reader of Boswell to con-
sider if it might not be possible that a Scotsman, who
of all people in the world had the least faculty for ap-
preciating this form of expression, became mystified by
the adroitness of Goldsmith's employment of it; and if
it was not rather more than possible that this Irishman,
whose humor appears in almost every line that ever
came from his pen, thoroughly enjoying the mystifica-
tion of Boswell, almost touched the border-line of ex-
travagance in his utterances when the silly Scotsman
was within hearing."
Still another variety of humor especially
practiced by Irishmen is affected stupidity and
willingness to be the subject of a jest — both
matters, we may be fairly certain, totally in-
comprehensible to James Boswell, Esquire, of
Auchinleck. Boswell was like John Shard in
Mr. Barrie's " What Every Woman Knows";
he could not understand how a surgical opera-
tion would enable a man to see a joke. Con-
sequently, men like Goldsmith and Garrick
must have taken great and constant delight in
saying and doing, in Boswell's presence, per-
fectly absurd things with the gravest possible
manner. If Boswell had some faint suspicion
that these men were making fun of him, his dis-
like of them, which was presumably inspired
in the first place by his jealousy of their inti-
macy with Johnson, finds considerable justifica-
tion. If, however, Boswell took them seriously,
his entire misunderstanding is an adequate
explanation of his disapproval, for in that case
Boswell could see in Johnson's liking for them
only another instance of that great man's
extraordinary philanthrophy.
With these facts made clear, Mr. Moore
proceeds to take up the various incidents which
have been supposed to show Goldsmith in an
unfavorable light, — for instance, in reporting
the scene where Goldsmith affected to be en-
raged because the French officers had eyes only
for the Misses Horneck, and paid no attention
to Goldsmith in plain view at another window,
Mr. Moore reminds us that the ladies themselves
surely understood the humor of the situation,
and that no Irishman could fail to see how
much fun Goldsmith was having. Similarly,
he shows the humor of Goldsmith's affecting to
disparage Burke's eloquence, with his apparent
discomfiture when put to the test; and he
declares that "as for the story of the puppets,
all that we can say is that if there is no humor
in a man's affirming that he is quite as adroit
as a stuffed figure controlled by wires, there is
nothing humorous in the world."
In the light of such details as these, we can
better understand the scene when, upon Gold-
smith's assenting to Chamier's suggestion that
by the last word of the line "Remote, un-
friended, melancholy, slow," Goldsmith meant
"tardiness of locomotion," Dr. Johnson inter-
rupted with "No, sir . . . You mean that
sluggishness of mind which comes upon a man
in solitude." Surely Goldsmith's eyes must
have twinkled as he answered meekly, "Ah!
that was what I meant!"
Mr. Moore has succeeded admirably in prov-
ing the unreliability of Boswell's testimony, and
in explaining practically all of the contradictory
evidence which has clouded our understanding
of Goldsmith's character. Hereafter there
should be no excuse for looking upon Gold-
smith as an inspired fool, — a genius, to be
sure, and lovable, but hardly more than a
grown-up child, and therefore exciting our
wonder rather than the respect we give most
of his friends. In short, when we find a man
who could take his own misadventure as the
core of his own comedy, who could write un-
failingly delicious humor, who could dedicate
a poem or answer an angry and malicious
opponent with perfect taste and tone, or who
could write satire of such a rare combination
of cleverness and kindliness, with all Pope's
wit but not a trace of his malice, as Oliver
Goldsmith did all these things, Mr. Moore
simply cannot believe that he could be a
vain and envious fool. And we heartily agree
with him.
Aside from Mr. Moore's two main conten-
tions, however, his work seems distinctly unsat-
isfactory. His efforts to present the facts of
Goldsmith's life are neither so clear nor so
carefully "documented" as Mr. Austin Dob-
son's,— which perhaps is only saying that Mr.
Dobson is a more skilful literary historian.
In the first place, Mr. Moore's happy knack
of interpreting a scene or an incident becomes,
when he is dealing with mere rumors, a too
facile habit of lively conjecture. For example,
in Chapter IV., "Qualifying for a Degree,"
he discusses Goldsmith's bullying by Theaker
Wilder — "a name which so aptly suggested
his disposition that it might have been invented


474
[June 16,
THE DIAL
for him by Oliver Goldsmith himself" — and
one of its effects: his writing street-ballads and
listening to their rendition and the comments
on them. All these Mr. Moore makes the most
of, with much ingenuity, which, though very
pleasant, must still remain conjecture. Again,
of a possible but entirely imaginary account
which Goldsmith might conceivably have wished
to write about his wanderings — and for which,
Mr. Moore assumes, the " Enquiry " was a sub-
stitute — he says that " We have no doubt that
he approached the booksellers with a proposal
for a volume embodying his experiences, and
that it was rejected on the spot." Indeed, Mr.
Moore's too frequent use of " we may be sure"
or "doubtless" is often irritating.
Along with this tendency to visualize a scene
vividly, and then to accept the product as fact,
goes a Swinburnian intemperance in the use of
superlatives. For example, Mr. Moore says
that "his 'Vicar of Wakefield' was the best
novel, his 'Deserted Village' the best poem,
and 1 She Stoops to Conquer' the best comedy,
of his generation." Such statements show a gen-
erous enthusiasm, but hardly seem judicial when
one thinks of "Tom Jones" and "Tristram
Shandy," of Gray's "Elegy," and of "The
Rivals" and the " School for Scandal"; and the
assertion of Goldsmith's excellence in terms
which imply the inferiority of other very good
things is, to say the least, unnecessary.
Another example is Mr. Moore's comment on
"Edwin and Angelina," which has never been
rated high by the critics, and which in popu-
larity has surely not even rivalled Gray's
"Elegy," and yet he says: "We believe that
more of its stanzas than of any other poem can
be repeated by people in England to-day."
Among numerous other obiter dicta inspired
by zeal for Goldsmith's reputation is a refer-
ence to " Pamela and a large number of equally
anaemic stories of genteel life," and the remark
that "It took Gray three years to give an air
of laborious perfection to his 'Elegy.' It took
Goldsmith eight to impart an air of spontaneity
to 'The Traveller.'" In truth, Mr. Moore
seems often inclined to proclaim an "Irish
invasion " of which somehow or other the Eng-
lish have been exasperatingly unconscious.
Sometimes, also, Mr. Moore betrays—as who
of us would not?—an inadequate knowledge of
eighteenth century literary history. He seems
to imply, for example, that Garrick's scheming
against the " Goodnatured Man " showed special
ill feeling toward Goldsmith. It seems, rather,
to be characteristic of Garrick; it certainly
was of a piece with his treatment of Dodsley's
"Cleone," and not unlike his rejection of
Home's "Douglas." Again, apropos of the
charge that Goldsmith was vain, he notes the
number of instances in which Goldsmith's
books appeared without the author's name on
the title-page. But anonymous publication,
even where the authorship was an open secret,
was rather common then: Young's "Night
Thoughts" had no author's name, even on the
eighth edition; a fifth edition of Johnson's
"London" did not, or a third of his "Ras-
selas," or a third of Burke's " Account of the
European Settlements in America," or a third
of his " Philosophical Inquiry into the Sublime
and Beautiful"; or the fifth of the "Sermons of
Mr. Yorick"; or the ninth of Gray's "Elegy."
Cambridge, Akenside, Mason, and others, put
their names to only a second or a third edition
of their various publications; so that it is just
as reasonable to suppose that Goldsmith was
following a common practice as that he was
shrinking from publicity. In the case of the
"Vicar," Mr. Moore seems misled by its later
popularity. "It can scarcely be doubted," he
says (page 266), "that the Newberys—after
the lapse of a year or two — came to the con-
clusion that they had got the book cheap."
Although the publishers issued three editions
in 1766, the fourth did not appear until 1770;
and, according to the account-books of Collins,
one of the partners, "started with a loss." As
Mr. Dobson tells us, before the thousand copies
of this edition were sold, and the fifth appeared
in 1774, Collins sold his third share for five
guineas. The inferences are unmistakable: the
publishers did not profit at Goldsmith's expense,
as Mr. Moore assumes, and editions of the
"Vicar" did not begin to multiply until after
Goldsmith's death.
Another distracting feature of Mr. Moore's
book is the unfailing gusto with which he plies
his shillelagh on nearly every head in sight —
Johnson, Garrick, the publishers, stage managers
old and new, historians, Englishmen and Scotch-
men. Sir Joshua and the Misses Horneck are
almost the only ones who escape. The author's
strictures are occasionally in bad taste,—as, for
example, his sneer at Johnson's delay in getting
out his edition of Shakespeare (page 273); more
often they are needless digressions. Indeed Mr.
Moore fairly lays himself open to criticism by
his abounding fulness of utterance; his book
would have been better if it had been a hun-
dred pages shorter.
Edward Payson Mobton.


1911.]
475
THE
DIAL
Traffics and Discoveries of a
China Collector.*
Popular interest in old china and its collec-
tion is amply attested by the recent publication,
in two well printed and beautifully illustrated
volumes, of Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Jour-
nals, written during the years of her ceramic
enthusiasm. Lady Charlotte was a pioneer
collector, with pioneer opportunities that make
the china enthusiast of to-day sigh with envy.
Her specialty was English pottery and porce-
lain and Battersea enamels; and the collection
she gave to the South Kensington Museum
stands as a monument to her untiring industry
and perseverance, her profound knowledge,
and her good taste.
Lady Charlotte's Journals are no mere
dry-as-dust catalogues of dealers' names, dates,
prices, and-other routine details of the chase.
She took up chin a-collecting as the chief diver-
sion of her later life, bringing to it the same
buoyant energy and enthusiasm with which, in
girlhood, she had mastered half a dozen lan-
guages, and, after her first marriage, studied
Welsh, translated the "Mabinogion," learned
double-entry book-keeping, and incidentally
brought up a family of ten children. Her
second husband, Charles Schreiber, appears to
have shared all her artistic interests. Together
they travelled through Europe in search of
china, bric-a-brac, and, in later years, of fan-
leaves and playing cards, hunting out "curios-
ity shops" in every town they visited, consid-
ering values, driving bargains, and leaving
behind them an ever-increasing circle of friendly
tradesmen, to whom they might look for help
on succeeding visits. Perhaps the pleasantest
quality of the Journals is the sense they give
of the Schreibers' rare and perfect comradeship,
seemingly devoid of the smallest frictions or
antagonisms.
An amusing trait of the journalist is the
pride she takes in not being "done" by the
antique-dealers. If a vase or a plate is too
dear, the Schreibers will not buy it, no matter
how badly they want it to fill a gap in one of
their cabinets. It was this attitude,—the only
one for the self-respecting collector, rich or
poor,—quite as much as the then state of the
antique trade, that made it possible to get
•Lady Charlotte Schreiber's Journals. Confidences
of a Collector of Ceramics and Antiques throughout Britain,
France, Holland, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Austria,
and Germany, 1869-188;). Edited hy Montague J. Guest.
With annotations by Egan Mew. In two volumes. Illus-
trated. New York: John Lane Co.
together a collection like the South Kensington
one for a surprisingly moderate outlay.
Lady Charlotte was wonderfully even-tem-
pered. The most preposterous prices seldom
excite her to more than a mere statement of
the fact; and the most treasured "find"
makes, in the quiet tenor of the diary, only "a
happy and successful day." Nevertheless she
is a person of decided preferences, and in
nothing more than in antique-dealers. Early
in the chase she writes of "an officious, med-
dling, tiresome old man named della Rovere,
who keeps a shop with very little in it." Oc-
casionally she buys from some poor little
dealer " more from charity than anything else."
Open-air markets always amuse and delight
her. She generously attributes dealers' mis-
takes to ignorance, but the rare occasions on
which she and her husband let themselves be
duped cut her pride to the quick. However,
these misadventures are too few to mar the
pleasure of their frequent journeys abroad,
punctuated by hunts in London — then as now
the paradise of the curio-hunter,—and stays at
her country home at Canford, or visits her
children, several of whom shared her fondness
for collecting.
Besides the English porcelains at South
Kensington, Lady Schreiber left a quantity of
miscellaneous china, most of which is now in
the possession of three of her children. All
these collections have been freely drawn upon
to illustrate the Journals, the result being a
series of very beautiful plates in color and
half-tone, most of them showing groups of
specimens of one ware. The Journals make no
effort to assist in identification of specimens,
and the plates likewise will be found of greater
interest to connoisseurs than to amateurs in
china-hunting.
Lady Schreiber's hunts were of course not
confined to mere shopping. Her visits to
museums and private collections and her meet-
ings with continental experts are interestingly
related; and there are graphic descriptions of
many of the places she visited. The Turkish trip
was undertaken principally to visit a daughter,
whose husband was Ambassador at Constanti-
nople; and there were many unique and de-
lightful experiences to record during the month
spent there, besides a few notable purchases of
Oriental wares. Altogether, Lady Schreiber's
Journals are a vital argument in behalf of a
fad. When the active interests of her life
were waning a little, the merry, tireless hunt
for glass and china and fans kept her and


476
[June 16,
THE DIAL
her husband busy and happy and pleasantly
excited. In her Journals, as in her generous
gifts to the nation, she has left behind her a
valuable legacy — the record of a gallant spirit,
well aware that most curiosity shops are "not
good for very much," but finding life, none the
less, "a very pleasant chase."
Edith Kellogg Dunton.
Lord Acton on the French
Revolution.*
It is striking evidence of the esteem in which
Lord Acton has been held by his literary friends
that, although he never would consent to under-
take any considerable piece of historical writing,
they have collected and published since his death
four volumes of his lectures and essays. They
reckoned on the interest which the larger read-
ing public would feel in the work of one whose
broad knowledge and stimulating ideas were
always the admiration of the Cambridge group
of scholars and of the many men with whom
he came in contact beyond the confines of the
University. He enjoyed the reputation of
being one of the best read men in England and
Europe. His learning was regarded as ample
and exact.
The lectures in the present volume, like most
of those previously published, were delivered
in Cambridge while he was Regius Professor
of Modern History. In the years 1895-1899
the French Revolution was one of the special
subjects set for the Historical Tripos. The
subject must have been in a peculiar sense
congenial, for through his family he was con-
nected with some interesting consequences of
the Revolution. His name, Dalberg-Acton,
recalls two widely separated fields of revolution-
ary activity — the Rhine country and Naples.
He was great^grand-nephew of Karl von Dal-
berg, the last archchancellor of the Holy Roman
Empire. His grandfather was the General
Acton who was minister of the Neapolitan
Bourbons at the time when they entered into
conflict with the first French republic. There
is nothing in these lectures, however, which
suggests that he inherited the antipathies of
General Acton or shared the dreams of the
prince-bishop who played so conspicuous a part
in Napoleonic Germany.
Lord Acton's interest in the Revolution is
•Lectures on the French Revolution. By John
Eraerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, First Baron Acton.
Edited by John Neville Figgis, C.R., Litt. D., and Reginald
Vere Laurence, M.A. New York: The Macmillan Co.
directed toward its political side. Among the
causes, he discusses only the growth of opinion.
The economic side, which now so engages the
attention of investigators, he leaves almost
untouched. In describing the legislation of
August 4, for example, he does not explain in
any detail the plan of making an end of feudal
burdens, nor does he mention the laws of March
and May, 1790, which were designed to give
effect to the plan. For the same reason little is
said of the assignats or of the maximum laws.
Since Lord Acton's lectures move over the
familiar path of the political history of the
Revolution the reader will look mainly for his
estimate of the great figures of the political
stage — Mirabeau, Dan ton, Robespierre, the
King, the Queen. His interpretation of Dan-
ton's career is disappointing. He holds Danton
responsible for the massacres of September, on
the strength of a remark to Louis Philippe,
then the Due de Chartres serving on the staff
of Dumouriez. He also affirms, without proof,
that Danton sent out orders to the departments
to imitate the example of Paris. The descrip-
tion of Mirabeau is more satisfactory. The
final judgment is one of condemnation, because
Mirabeau'8 ultimate policy was not only "one
vast intrigue," but also because it was futile.
"There was at no time a prospect of success,"
says Lord Acton, "for he never had the king
and the queen for one moment with him."
Lord Acton deems Sieyes "the most per-
fect representative of the Revolution." He
explains that "in sustained power of consistent
thinking Sieyes resembles Bentham and Hegel,"
that "though many modern writers on politics
exceed him in genius and eloquence, none
equal him in invention and resource," and that
"in the history of political doctrine, where
almost every chapter has yet to be written,
none will be more valuable than the one that
will show what is permanent and progressive
in the ideas that he originated." Such views
have at least the merit of novelty. At the
same time, Lord Acton does not regard Sieyes
as a high-minded man, or a good writer or
speaker.
The most noteworthy quality of these lectures
is their style, — their style of thought as well
as of expression. The spoken word must have
been even more effective. Lord Acton pos-
sessed the art of summarizing a situation in an
epigram which lingers in the mind because of
its happy exactness. The wholesome vigor of
his moral judgments results in his distributing
condemnations in a manner altogether uncon-


1911.]
477
THE
DIAL,
ventional. Apropos of the murder of Foulon
and Berthier, he explains that "murder, ap-
proved and acknowledged, is not an epidemic
peculiar to any time, or any country, or any
opinion." He finds it characteristic of modern
monarchy, and proceeds to name several mon-
archs, including the English Elizabeth, James,
and William. He adds that the historians
"have praise and hero-worship for nearly every
one of these anointed culprits. The strong
man with the dagger is followed by the weaker
man with the sponge. First, the criminal who
slays; then the sophist who defends the slayer."
At the close of the twenty-two lectures there
is an appendix of thirty pages giving Lord
Acton's opinions of the principal writers on the
Revolution, from Droz to Aulard. This is far
from being a dry bibliographical list. A page
or two of comment is devoted to each author,
and the results of Lord Acton's reading and of
his wide European acquaintance are more
apparent here than in some other parts of the
volume. Henry E. Bourne.
Briefs on New Books.
GUaning.jrom Archibald Little, whose death was
mtv vean recorded some two years ago, had
in China. long been recognized as an authority
on western China. For fifty years a merchant in
that country, his life had not been spent in the
treaty ports, but rather in the little-known interior,
especially along the upper reaches of the Yangtse.
His book entitled "Through the Yangtse Gorges"
remains the best account of travel in that region,
while "The Far East" testifies to his scholarly
ability. It was a distinct service, therefore, for his
widow, herself known as the author of "The Land
of the Blue Gown," to bring together, under the
title of "Gleanings from Fifty Years in China"
(Lippincott), a number of his miscellaneous writ-
ings. Many of these appeared originally in local
periodicals, and some in the reviews of England
and America; others have never before been pub-
lished. The twenty-two papers are grouped under
headings as follows: Trade and Politics, Travel,
Drama and Legend, Religion and Philosophy.
Those on trade and politics are of value not only
because of Mr. Little's long experience but because
of his exceptionally fair attitude toward the Chinese,
—an attitude quite different from that of the average
trader in the East. In the travel section, some ex-
y periences along the Yangtse are vividly described,
and there is a charming account of a yachting trip
through the Chusan archipelago. Of the dramatic
sections, two are translations, while one is an orig-
inal playlet written after the Chinese manner. The
first translation is that of a two-hundred-year-old
comedy known as "Borrowing Boots." To those
who are unfamiliar with the Chinese drama this
will be a revelation in its delightful humor, its
withering satire, and its striking delineation of cer-
tain Chinese characteristics. But most interesting
at this time are the two hitherto unpublished chap-
ters on "Missionaries in China" and "Confucian-
ism." These were written toward the end of the
author's life, and represent his final judgment on
these much-discussed matters. The missionary
problem is treated from a distinctly pro-Chinese
point of view. Recognizing the good accomplished,
the writer cannot overlook the political and other
evils. The chapter is a frank indictment of the
wrongs inflicted upon China by European govern-
ments, merchants, and others. The final opinion
of this merchant and scholar must be of value: "I
may sum up by saying that in my experience with
all classes of Chinese and in all parts of China: in
business, in pleasure, in travel, in war and in
peace: with rebel leaders and their rabble armies,
with Imperialist generals and their ill-disciplined
troops: with literary pedants: with shrewd bankers,
clever merchants, hardy sailors and boatmen and
illiterate coolies: steadily comparing our two civili-
zations, ever modifying foregone conclusions and
never reaching the comfort of absolute conviction:
my conclusion is, that the average Chinaman is
more forbearing, more tolerant, and in his social
relations as much, if not more, Christian than the
average Westerner."
Some biu of life With n0 aP°logy for assuming that
and reflection) sundry personal reminiscences and
thereon. certain private opinions and peculiar
tastes may seem as interesting and as important to
others as to himself, Mr. Charles Macomb Flandrau
writes frankly and freely in the first person singular
in a series of short and unusually entertaining
sketches and essays that originally appeared in
"The Bellman," and are now collected to form a
book entitled "Prejudices" (Appleton). The style
is agreeably suggestive of Mr. A. C. Benson's
genially intimate and self-revealing manner, the
author making it clear that he has profited by one
of Mr. Howells's pieces of advice to young writers
— to give expression to what seems most personal
and peculiar, since that is what will be read with
fullest sympathy by the greatest number of readers
A few lines appropriate to the season, we quote
from Mr. Flandrau's chapter on "Holidays." He
confesses in regard to the Fourth of July: "It now
has become for me a day of genuine misery, unless
I am happy enough to spend it where it is not
'observed.' In addition to loathing the noise be-
cause I can't help it, I more and more every year
hate it because I am increasingly depressed by the
knowledge of all the so easily preventable mutila-
tions with which it is associated; I hate it because
of the pain I have known it to inflict upon the sick
and dying. . . . While trying to reassure an old
dog who had crawled under a bed and collapsed


478
[ June 16,
THE
DIAL
with a nervous chill, while trying to calm the uncon-
trollable terror of a steady, sensible, intelligent
horse, I have often fervently wished that there had
been no Revolution and that we had remained a
British colony." One chapter ("Wanderlust")
takes the form of a pathetic little story, excellently
told, whether the incident be real or only imagined.
Another is devoted to a discussion, in dialogue
form, of "Ann Veronica." Admirable, too, are
the author's observations on servants and his in-
dignation against those masters and mistresses who
treat them as creatures having no share in our com-
mon humanity. In short, the book is replete with
good things, and should be read from cover to cover.
An Anglo- ^Tm George W. Smalley, for many
American years London correspondent of the
journaiut. jjew York "Tribune," and later
representative of the London "Times" in America,
has recently been publishing, in the former paper,
his reminiscences of men and events. These
sketches have now been put into book form, and ap-
pear under the title, "Anglo-American Memories"
(Putnam). The author follows no order, either of
time or incident, and as a result each sketch stands
as a disconnected recollection. Nevertheless, the
book is very entertaining reading, for Mr. Smalley
has a vivid pen, which gives, at least, the impres-
sion made upon a contemporary by such men as
Wendell Phillips, Dana, Emerson, Garrison, Sum-
ner, and a score of others of the period just before
the Civil War. During the war itself, and even to
the most recent time, the author has had a journ-
alistic position, enabling him to observe at close
range the political leaders, both of the United
States and of England. As a youth, enthusiastic
for the cause of free speech, Mr. Smalley was an
ardent defender of Wendell Phillips. He considers
the later glorification of Garrison ill-founded. "I
cannot recall," he writes, " one single effort of any-
thing that could be thought oratory. He was a
tiresome speaker. . . . He had a message to de-
liver, and he delivered it as a gramophone delivers
its messages. . . . His face was both angry and
weak. His attitude on the platform was half
apologetic and half passionate." This is interest-
ing, if not of itself convincing, testimony. Convinc-
ing the book is not, in any connection, for the author
has apparently made no effort to compare his own
impressions with the statements or judgments of
historians, and in the matter of names and dates,
his memory sometimes plays him false. Thus, in
lauding the great abilities of Charles Francis Adams,
our Minister to England during the Civil War, he
writes: "Adams's greater service consisted in a
just menace of war to England if she let loose the
Alexandra . . . ," and concludes that the British
Ministry "gave way only because Mr. Adams
had put the alternative of war before them." It
was not the Alexandra that was in question, but
the so-called "Laird Rams," and the American his-
torian, Rhodes, has proved with apparent conclu-
siveness that the British determination to stop the
"Rams" was reached some days previous to
Adams's ultimatum, and that England in no sense
yielded to a threat. But Mr. Smalley would dis-
claim, it is to be presumed, exact historical ac-
curacy; and, certainly, in suggestiveness and in
attractive characterization, based on personal im-
pressions, his work has value and much of interest
Bpain'.mon Ei8ht Spanish cathedrals — Sala-
noteworthv manca (older and younger), Burgos,
cathedrait. Avila, Leon, Toledo, Segovia, Seville,
and Granada—are described and interpreted in one
of those sumptuous volumes which are less, and
much more, than a guide-book — Mr. John A.
Gade's "Cathedrals of Spain" (Houghton Mifflin
Co.). The author, a practising architect of New
York City, has recently returned from a close and
enthusiastic study of Spanish churches; and with
the glow still warming his heart, he has written the
story of certain cathedrals which are most typical
of the blended glories of Romanesque, Gothic, and
Renaissance. The historic charm of Salamanca,
and the curious fact that its smaller and older
cathedral was left as a sort of buttress to this
gigantic new one begun by Ferdinand and Isabella,
have naturally given it the first place in Mr. Gade's
book. "Grand" and "grandiloquent" are his
appropriate adjectives for these two products of
different ages. As an architect, the author cannot
accept without a murmur the Renaissance lantern
raised on the Gothic crown of the new cathedral,
though he admits that the two styles have been
blended with a harmony hardly to be expected.
The noble Cock-tower — Torre del Gallo — of the
older cathedral is judiciously praised; and he does
not fail to remind us that " it furnished the inspir-
ation for our noblest American Romanesque temple
— Trinity Church in Boston." Better known to
Americans are Burgos, so often the first Spanish
cathedral visited, and Seville, with its immensity,
its exterior clashings of style, its interior nobility,
and its Giralda tower — also an inspiration for
America. Avila, from whose gates little St. Teresa
"toddled forth " to save the world; Granada, whose
cathedral had to await the expulsion of the Moors
and so came in as Gothic was dying out; Leon's
majestic Gothic, and Toledo's impressive silences —
all are finely felt and charmingly described by a
sensitive soul with an unusual gift of expression.
The book is richly illustrated with half-tones, and
in the main is carefully printed—although on page
13 "western " seems inadvertently to have usurped
the place of "eastern " in speaking of the apses of
Salamanca.
Lights and husiness-like directness and ce-
thadowt of lerity with which cases at law are,
London court,. a8 a ruie) tried in England must have
surprised many Americans who have had occasion
to look into the matter. The Court of Chancery
seems not yet to have developed any amazing rapid-
ity in its procedure, but otherwise there is truth in


1911.]
479
THE
DIAL
Mr. Thomas Learning's statement in the preface to
his instructive and readable volume, "A Philadel-
phia Lawyer in the London Courts" (Holt): —
"The trials, both civil and criminal, will reveal
the complete triumph of common sense, and the
Englishman will appear at his best in his court, for
there he leads the world. The hearty good humor,
alacrity and crispness of the proceedings, the ab-
sence of declamation but the avoidance of monotony
by the proper distribution of emphasis, all combine
to delight the practised observer." Mr. Learning's
book is the elaboration of an address before the
Bar Association of Pennsylvania, an address that
was so well received that he subsequently devoted
a number of holiday London visits to the amplifi-
cation of his remarks. His chapters deal with first
impressions, the making of English lawyers and
their several kinds of duties, lawyers' fees, the dis-
cipline whereby correct standards are maintained,
the various sorts of courts, a recent important mur-
der trial, extra-metropolitan law practice, and some
other general matters. Among the few points of
superiority of our own methods over those of
English courts is the appointment of counsel for
an undefended prisoner. In the course of his
interesting account of the trial and conviction of
Madar Lai Dhingra, the young student who mur-
dered Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie and Dr.
Cowas Lalcaca, the author remarks that "to an
American observer it seemed odd and scarcely a
fair practice for a man to be tried for his life
unrepresented by counsel learned in the law. . . .
To excuse the omission on the ground of the obvious
guilt and callousness of the prisoner, is not a sat-
isfactory solution, because it would involve pre-
judging the issue to be tried." One is reminded
of the odium incurred in some quarters by the
legally appointed defender of the assassin of Presi-
dent McKinley, and of his convincing defense of his
acceptance of the appointment As Mr. Learning
says, our invariable method in such cases "guards
against the possibility of terrible mistakes." The
illustrations, six in number, are photographic repro-
ductions of sketches in oil from the brush of the
author himself.
Some pood ^ pleasant chronicle of events and
theatrical personages important in the dramatic
tmau-taik. history of America is Mr. Daniel
Frohman's "Memories of aManager" (Doubleday).
For five and twenty years Mr. Frohman has been
one of the best known theatrical managers of this
country, and his establishment and conduct of the
famous old Lyceum Theatre in New York would
alone make him a figure to recall with kindli-
ness by the many who have enjoyed his ministra-
tions in that now historic playhouse. The first
part of his book is devoted to reminiscences of the
Lyceum venture; he chats of plays and players,
tells many piquant anecdotes of Sothern, Gillette,
Mansfield, and others, in the days when they were
young and aspiring; and he describes the early
struggles which led to the establishment of an
organization which, everything considered, was a
stock company of as equal excellence and sound
ideals as any in the records of our stage. It is
amusing to hear how Mansfield secured "Candida"
from Mr. Bernard Shaw, put it into rehearsal, and
then angrily gave the play up, not finding it suited
to his needs. When Mr. Frohman saw Mr. Shaw
in London, and referred to the fact, Shaw in jocund
mood declared that the English company which
played it drew a good house the opening night but
played to nearly empty benches the remaining
nights. He told them to send him royalties for
the first night only; but, said he, they persisted in
sending the money for each evening's performance.
"They can't afford it!" was the unique dramatist's
remark. The secor.d part of the volume deals
critically, though in brief, with the technique of
drama; and here Mr. Frohman has some sensible
things to say about the composition of plays, —
why they fail, and how the work differs to-day from
that of the past He declares that a drama is " a
transcript of life either as it exists or in its ideal
form as life ought to be," — a definition which few
will feel like disputing. Mr. Frohman's chatty
record is enlivened with numerous portraits and
scenes from familiar dramas. Lovers of the theatre
will wish to keep the book for reference after the
immediate pleasure of its perusal is over. In its
unostentatious way, it is a worthy addition to our
theatrical annals.
Samuel Butler The tissue of the works of Samuel
and PivcMc Butler, now being carried forward
Evolution. by Messrs. Dutton, brings with it a
rather striking illustration of the vicissitudes of
opinion in the realm of science rivalling the re-
putedly more capricious fluctuations of aesthetic
preference in the field of literature. The re-issue
becomes in due measure a vindication; for the trend
of opinion in the mooted field of heredity, though
unchanging in its aversion to the controversial and
carping judgments of a brilliant critic of Darwin
and Darwinism, has swung back to a recognition
of the pertinence of his views, and the soundness
of principles misleadingly and at times fancifully
elaborated. "Life and Habit" written in 1877,
and "Unconscious Memory" written in 1880, are
introduced by Mr. R. A. Streatfeild and Professor
Hartog respectively, the critical survey of the latter
setting forth the significance of Butler's views
in the light of recent biological advance. The
question of the inadequacy of the hypothesis of
natural selection, and the suggestion of a psychic
factor in the transmission process, form the two
foci about which the somewhat irregular orbit of
Butler's works are described. Whatever the true
meaning and value of the hypothesis of an organic or
unconscious memory, the ideas of Butler are more
than suggestive; they are decidedly stimulating,
and to a creditable extent form a permanent con-
tribution to the body of significant positions. The


480
[June 16,
THE
DIAL
volumes bear surprisingly well the test of a reap-
pearance after a revolutionary progress of thought.
The ideas are clothed in an older fashion; but the
spirit of their design is at once modern and inter-
esting. The situation is but superficially parallel
to the remarkable constructive work of Mendel.
Yet the one incident recalls the other. Students of
biology and of psychology will welcome these admir-
ably prepared and executed volumes. They will
be read selectively and retrospectively, yet with
an appreciation of the vital force to shape opinion
and to enter into the balance of judgment, that gives
longevity to the productions of able minds.
"A rational scheme of connection
ioZZZZLre. as should be at the back of
every attempt to make choice of the
best books " is the aim of Professor Moulton's latest
volume. "World-Literature" (Macmillan) is its
title, the subject being considered "not in the sense
of the sum total of particular literatures, but as a
unity, the literary field seen from the point of view
of the English-speaking peoples." In accordance
with this scheme, the author groups the great books
under the "Five Literary Bibles": to wit, the
Scriptures, Homer and the Greek Tragedians,
Shakespeare, Dante and Milton, and the Faust-
Dramas. An introductory chapter, which is cer-
tainly too erudite for the class of readers for which
the book is intended, sets forth historically "The
Literary Pedigree of the English-Speaking Peo-
ples," and a sixth division discusses the master-
pieces of collateral literatures, Omar and Ossian,
Sigurd and the Kalevala. The essay and the lyric
receive separate treatment, and a discussion of
"Strategetic Points" serves as an annex into which
are thrust Plato and Lucretius, Aristophanes, The
Romance of the Rose, Reynard the Fox, and Every-
man, Malory and Chaucer, Spenser, Froissart and
Cervantes, Erasmus and Bacon, Moliere and Racine,
Scott, Sienkiewicz, Rabelais, Balzac and Hugo,
Byron and Wordsworth. Comparisons are odious,
and the list is perhaps as good as most previous
ones. The book will have its value for our Reading
Clubs and Chautauquas, although many will contest
its statement that Morris's "Sigurd the Volsung"
"represents perhaps the highest point to which the
epic poetry of the world has attained."
miu and their "^° 8urely M tne berry indicates the
makers, ancient soundness of the root, the flower of
and modem. tne 80 does man's last will tell
of the goodness or foulness of the heart which con-
ceived it," affirms an unnamed author quoted by Mr.
Virgil M. Harris in the opening chapter of his elab-
orate and learned, but far from unentertaining,
work on "Ancient, Curious, and Famous Wills"
(Little, Brown & Co.), the first extensive treatise of
the sort put forth by an American jurist, so far as
we know, and containing the largest number of illus-
trative examples, from a great variety of sources,
that it has been our fortune to meet with. A chapter
on "The Importance of the Last Will and Testa-
ment " precedes the variously amusing or instructive
examples that are grouped under such heads as
"Ancient Wills," "Wills in Fiction and Poetry,"
"Curious Wills," "Testamentary and Kindred
Miscellany," "Wills of Famous Foreigners," and
"Wills of Famous Americans." The wills of Virgil,
Augustas, Voltaire, Isaak Walton, Paul Revere,
Washington, Napoleon, Brigham Young, and in-
numerable other persons of note are given either in
substance or in full detail. Among the freakish
specimens of will-making is mentioned, together
with many others, Valentine Tapley's testamentary
disposal of his beard, which had grown to the un-
precedented length of twelve feet six inches. Tapley,
who was a Missourian of Pike County, died a little
more than a year ago, and his history is a curious
one. Another and more famous Missourian, Mark
Twain, appears in Mr. Harris's pages, his will being
quoted in part, immediately following that of Henry
Clay and preceding that of Grover Cleveland. A
full index is appended to this interesting collection
of wills. Few books with a more genuine human
appeal have been given to the world by bench or
bar than this from the pen of the Lecturer on Wills
in the St. Louis University Institute of Law.
Countel for *vr0 'n literature wiU glean not a
the literary few suggestions from the college lec-
crafteman. ture8 0f £)r. Frederick Taber Cooper,
now published under the caption, "The Craftsman-
ship of Writing" (Dodd). The title phrase is to be
taken broadly; the book contains no chapter on
the theory of the Short-story, nor does it profess to
teach the novel in nine lessons. Poeta naseitur—
and Dr. Cooper follows the usual practice in de-
voting the initial chapter of his book to the neces-
sity of inborn talent and its definition. One might
criticize the value of his rather indefinite tests of
vocation, but after all no literary aspirant is likely
to be deterred in this way, nor indeed by anything
short of a long series of rejected MSS. Chapters
on "Self-Criticism " and " The Author's Purpose"
bring us to the practical half of the volume, which
takes up successively, and with rather more origi-
nality than one would expect in such hackneyed
themes, "The Technique of Form," "The Gospel
of Infinite Pains," ''The Question of Cleverness,"
"Style," and "The Technique of Translation " with
its value as a literary apprenticeship. The attitude
of the author is professional rather than academic,
and his numerous quotations — for which an index
is provided — are interspersed with bits of his own
literary experiences. Altogether the little volume
is full of genial counsel; and if the literally-minded
reader finds it disappointing, he must remember his
experience with previous works of this sort. Only
Mr. Hiram Maxim has succeeded in reducing the
art of literature to the practical simplicity of the
Rule of Three!


1911.J
481
THE DIAL
Beginning* of In "The Beginnings of the Ameri-
the Revolution can Revolution" (Baker & Taylor
in MauachusetU. Co.) Miss Enen Chage ha8 gathered
together, in three large volumes, a store of interest-
ing information about political and social conditions
in Massachusetts during the ten years before the
battle of Lexington. The title is too comprehensive,
for the author confines her attention almost ex-
clusively to the developments in one New England
state. The first volume traces the development of
public opinion from the Stamp Act to 1774; the
second brings the account up to the fight on Lexing-
ton Green; and the third is devoted entirely to this
first American conflict and the events immediately
following. The author has made a fine historical
scrap-book, drawing her material from practically
all available manuscript and printed sources,—con-
temporary memoirs, diaries, broadsides, pamphlets,
letters, and newspapers; and has made her nar-
rative serve principally as a connective. The docu-
ments quoted or condensed represent both sides of
the controversy, not only in Massachusetts but in
England. The numerous illustrations are good,
many being reproductions of contemporary prints
and portraits. While the work cannot properly be
termed a history of the events described, it will
nevertheless be worth much to the scholar as well
as to the general reader for the sidelights it throws
on the disturbed conditions of the time.
BRIEFER MENTION.
"English Elements in Jonson's Early Comedy " is
the title of a monograph, over three hundred pages in
length, by Mr. Charles Read Baskervill. It is pub-
lished as a volume in the "humanistic " series of the
"Bulletin of the University of Texas."
"David Ricardo: A Centenary Estimate," by Pro-
fessor Jacob H. Hollander, is a recent publication of
the Johns Hopkins Press. Its contents are a course of
three lectures given at Harvard a year ago, "to mark
the centenary anniversary of the appearance of Ricardo's
first important publication."
Dr. William Bachus Guitteau's "Government and
Politics in the United States" (Houghton) is an up-to-
date text-book for high schools that has consider-
able originality of plan, and the unusual feature of
abundant illustration. It is a very compact book, and
contains more matter than is customarily to be found
in works of its class.
One of the most welcome of recent additions to
"Everyman's Library" (Dutton) is the volume of
"Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers," as edited by
Mr. John Masefield. Morton's "New England's
Memorial" is the principal feature of this collection,
being supplemented by Winslow, Cushman, and John
Smith's "New England's Trials."
Dr. William Elliot Griffis has added to his works
on the Orient a very readable hut quite elementary
sketch of the great empire which each day becomes
of increasing interest to the western world. "China's
Story in Myth, Legend, Art, and Annals " (Houghton
Mifflin Co.) is offered merely as an outline which may
lead to a further study of so fascinating a subject. As
such, the little volume is very welcome, for any work
that will help Americans to understand and appreciate
the many estimable qualities of their neighbors beyond
the Pacific performs a real service.
Mr. Reuben Post Hal leek's "History of American
Literature" (American Book Co.) is a companion vol-
ume to the text-book of English literature that has
been widely used and favorably regarded in our high
schools during the past ten years or more. It is a
painstaking work, attractive in its methods of presen-
tation and well-considered in its estimates.
"Farm Accounting and Biisiness Methods " is the title
of a text book prepared by Mr. J. A. Bexell of the Oregon
Agricultural College for use in a course on farm man-
agement offered by the Home Correspondence School,
Springfield, Mass. The author aims to offer such in-
struction as will enable the farmer to employ thorough-
going business methods in all his operations. Sugges-
tions for organization and cooperation among farmers are
also given, and questions having to do with raising the
standard of living on the farm are tentatively touched
upon. A book of printed forms and model financial
statements accompanies the text.
It is a little late — being thirty years after the orig-
inal publication in its final form — for the " Ferdinand
Lassalle " of Dr. Georg Brandes to appear in English,
but it is now given us by the Macmillan Co. in the
form of publication which they have previously given
to the author's " Main Currents " and other works. It
is probably the most interesting book about Lassalle
ever written (excepting " The Tragic Comedians "), and
even at this late day, when Lassalle's socialism seems
very old-fashioned, and the great year of revolution
belongs almost to ancient history, its accuracy, its sym-
pathy, and its critical penetration make it well worth
reading.
The following German texts are of interest to the
teaching profession: A new edition of Professor Camillo
von Klenze's "Deutsche Gedichte" (Holt); Meissner's
"Das Marchen von Heute" (Holt), edited by Dr.
Morton C. Stewart; "Deutsche Wirtschaft" (Holt),
a volume of selections from Loening and Arndt, edited
by Dr. John A. Bole; an abridgment of Sudermann's
"Frau Sorge" (Heath), edited by Professors Eugene
Leser and Carl Osthaus; Hebbel's "Agnes Bernauer"
(Frowde), edited by Professor Camillo von Klenze;
Hans Hoffmann's "Iwan der Schreckliche und Sein
Hund" (Frowde), edited by Dr. Charles Marshall
Poor; and " Drei Wochen in Deutschland" (Frowde),
a reading-book by Professor D. L. Savoy.
A classified and annotated list of " Books by Catholic
Authors in the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh" has
been prepared by Mr. Harrison W. Craver, the librarian,
with the aid of several competent assistants. Only
works in English and Latin are included, as the neces-
sary expert assistance for a more complete list was un-
obtainable. Fiction and juvenile literature come at the
end of the topical classification, and an alphabetical
author index, exclusive of fiction, is added. A list of
"Publications of the Library now in Print," but not
necessarily from Catholic pens, closes the book, which
is admirably executed and makes a substantial octavo
pamphlet of 243 pages, serviceably bound in stiff paper.
An unusual and unnecessary feature is the repetition of
the author's name (except in the author index) before
each of his works. The annotations are both descriptive


482
[June 16.
THE
DIAL,
and critical, original and selected. The work seems to
be a safe and excellent guide for those who dare not trust
themselves to the uncertainties, in matters of faith, of
the general catalogue.
"Die Verlorene Tochter," a pleasant " Humoreske"
by Ernst Wichert, edited by Mr. E. H. Babbitt, is
published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., as is also
"Kindertranen," a pair of tales by Ernst von Wieden-
bruch, now edited by Dr. A. E. Vestling. For the Messrs.
Heath, Mr. A. Kenngott has edited Konrad Ferdinand
Meyer's historical novelette, "Jiirg Jenatsch," and Mr.
Bayard Quincy Morgan has edited Petri Rosegger's
"Der Lex von Gutenhag." More familiar German
texts are afforded by Professor Bert John Vos and
Professors Handschin and Liibke. The former has
edited "Wilbelm Tell " for Messrs Ginn & Co., and the
latter have edited for the American Book Co. the
idyllic story of "Audifax und Hadumoth," extracted
from the " Ekkehard" of Victor Scheffel.
As a companion volume to the lectures on science,
philosophy, and art, that were collected a year or so
ago by Columbia University, that institution now gives
us a volume of " Lectures on Literature." They were
delivered last year by members of the faculty, and are
grouped under such captions as "Literary Epochs,"
"Oriental Literatures," and "Modern Literatures."
Professor Brander Matthews opens with an address on
"Approaches to Literature," and the closing lecture is
Professor Spingarn's "Literary Criticism," to which we
paid our respects some weeks ago. Between these two
there are sixteen others, by such authorities as Pro-
fessors Jackson, Hirth, Page, Thomas, and Trent.
The lectures were prepared for the general public, but
they make no unwortby concessions, and stand upon a
high academic plane.
NOTK8.
Mr. H. C. Merwin has recently completed a life of
Bret Harte, and the work will be issued next Autumn
by the Houghton Mifflin Co.
Mr. M. A. DeWolfe Howe is engaged upon a life of
Bishop Hare, apostle to the Sioux, which will be issued
in the Autumn by the Sturgis & Walton Co.
"The Empresses of Rome," by Dr. Joseph McCabe,
and a new Life of Vasari, by Mr. Robert W. Carden,
A. R. I. B. A., are announced for immediate publication
by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
Miss Lilian Whiting has revised and brought down to
date her well-known book on Boston literary and social
life entitled "Boston Days," and the new edition has
just been published in handsomely illustrated form by
Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co.
Toward the end of the present month, the Century
Co. will publish a new novel by Mr. Morley Roberts,
an English writer better known in England than in this
country. "Thorpe's Way" is a satire on middle-class
social conventionalities and a jolly love story, of a style
to invite comparison with Mr. George Bernard Shaw.
It is interesting to note that German readers are
beginning to realize the genius of George Meredith.
Some of his novels have lately been translated into
German, three booklets on him were published last year,
and Dr. Ernest Dick has just brought out a study of the
Englishman, which is to be taken, he says, for a mere
forerunner of an exhaustive critical work. He declares
that Meredith "is richer than all the others—of his
treasures there is no end"; and he adds, " In times to
come he will be spoken of in one breath with Ibsen
and Tolstoy."
The "Kilmarnock" Burns — " Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect," published in 1786 — has been re-
printed in type-facsimile at the Oxford Press, and is
about to be added to the "Oxford Library of Prose
and Poetry." In this library other early editions of
poems have been similarly revived, including' the work
of Gray, Shelley, Keats, Browning, and others.
It is reported that Madame Marguerite Audoux.
the author of " Marie-Claire," is engaged upon a long
novel, which will give a picture of the lives of shop-
girls and factory-girls in Paris. She has also in hand
a shorter work called "La Valserine." The scene is
laid in the Department of Jura, and the book deals
with smuggling on the eastern frontier.
The Putnams will soon publish a valuable contribu-
tion to the history of the Mexican War in the collected
letters of Robert Anderson, then Captain 3rd Artillery,
U. S. A., written to his wife and family with almost
daily regularity during the months of advance against
the enemy. The book will bear the title " An Artillery
Officer in the Mexican War," and will contain a pre-
fatory word by the author's daughter, Eba Anderson
Lawton.
The forthcoming " Swanston" edition of Stevenson's
works, to which we referred in our last issue, will con-
contain a considerable amount of hitherto unpublished
material. There will be a general introduction by Mr.
Andrew Lang; and all of the letters, as recently pub-
lished in four volumes by the Messrs. Scribner, will
be included. Unlike the previous limited editions of
Stevenson, the "Swanston" set is to be published at a
very moderate price.
"The Book of Buried Treasure" is the title of a
volume by Mr. Ralph D. Paine, which will be published
at an early date. It gives an account of treasure lost
or buried by pirates and others in the Spanish Main
and other parts of the New World. Mr. Paine also
describes some of the attempts made to recover treasure,
the most successful being that of Sir William Phipps,
who raised $15,000,000 in gold and silver ingots from
a pirate craft in the West Indies.
One of the most interesting and welcome announce-
ments that have come to us this year is that of an
exhaustive biography of John Ruskin, to be written by
his friend and editor, Mr. E. T. Cook. For several
years past Mr. Cook has been going over all the avail-
able material relating to Ruskin, in connection with his
editorship of the splendid Library Edition of the com-
plete works, issued by Mr. George Allen; and no one
is bo well qualified as he to prepare the definitive life
of Ruskin. We understand that the forthcoming work
will be published in this country by the Macmillan Co.
The wide-spread and continually increasing popular
interest in fine prints offers ample justification for such
a publication as " The Print-Collector's Quarterly," the
second number of which has just come to us from
Messrs. Frederick Keppel & Co., the well-known print
dealers of New York. This July issue is largely de-
voted to wood-engraving, containing articles on this
subject by the two foremost American wood-engravers,
Mr. Timothy Cole and Mr. Henry Wolf. The work of
these two men is discussed in an essay by Mrs. Elisa-
beth Luther Cary; and there are also contributions


1911.]
483
THE DIAL
on "The Printing of Wood-Engravings" by Mr.
Theodore L. De Vinne, and "The Advantages of
Wood-Engraving for Magazine Illustration" by Mr.
W. A. Bradley. All these articles are accompanied by
numerous illustrations.
The Autobiography of Tom L. Johnson, prepared
during the last months of his life, will doubtless consti-
tute one of the most interesting of next Autumn's pub-
lications. Some of the chapters will appear serially in
one of the popular magazines, and later the entire work
will be issued in book form by Mr. B. W. Huebsch.
In this connection we note the announcement of " Tom
L. Johnson — A Man of the People," by Mr. Carl
Lorenz, to be published shortly by Messrs. A. S. Barnes
& Co.
Among forthcoming historical works of importance
we note that Messrs. Constable of London are bringing
out the long-promised work on the "Royal Daughters
of England," by Mr. H. Murray Lane, His Majesty's
Chester Herald of Arms, the fruit of his labors for
more than half a century. The unique opportunities
the author has enjoyed of access not only to the great
European libraries, but to a large number of private
records hitherto unexplored, will doubtless contribute
to make his two large quarto volumes a most valuable
personal history of the royal and illustrious families of
Europe, covering a period of nearly ten centuries.
There has been a complete reorganization of the
management of the John Lane Company, of New York,
and the former administrative heads are no longer
connected with the company. Mr. Lane has just sailed
for England after having spent a month in this country
looking after the affairs of the company affecting
a reorganization. Mr. Walter A. Johnson, formerly
Manager of "The International Studio," has been
chosen to the Vice Presidency and Managing Director-
ship of the company, and Mr. J. Jefferson Jones,
formerly with J. B. Lippincott Company of Philadel-
phia, is to be the chief managing editor for the company.
Mr. George Moore's "Ave 1 Salve! Vale !" is now
complete, and we may expect its publication next
Autumn. It is said that many of the leading Irishmen
both in politics and literature — Mr. W. B. Yeats, Mr.
George Russell, Lady Gregory, Sir Horace Plunkett,
Dr. Sigerson, Mr. William O'Brien, Mr. Tim Healy,
and others — figure in the volume. They appear
without any attempt at disguise, though many of the
incidents in which they play a part are imaginary. Mr.
Moore is also collaborating with Mr. S. L. Robinson in
a dramatic version of his best-known novel, "Esther
Waters."
The second group of ten volumes in Messrs. Holt's
"Home University Library," to be ready in July, will
be made up of the following volumes: "The Science
of Wealth," by J. A. Hobson, M.A.; " Health and Dis-
ease," by W. Leslie Mackenzie, M.D.; "Introduction
to Mathematics," by A. N. Whitehead, D.Sc; "The
Animal World," by F. W. Gamble, D.Sc; "Evolu-
tion," by J. Arthur Thomson, M.A., and Patrick
Geddes, M.A.; "Liberalism," by L. T. Hobhouse, M.A.;
"The Opening Up of Africa," by H. H. Johnston, D. Sc.;
"Medieval Europe," by H. W. C. Davis, M.A.; "Crime
and Insanity," by C. A. Mercier, F. R.C.S.; "Moham-
medanism," by D. S. Margoliouth, M.A.
Alexander H. R. Eraser, librarian of the Cornell Uni-
versity College of Law, died last month after eighteen
years of expert and devoted service at his post. His
knowledge of the bibliography of the law was extraord-
inary, and he had succeeded in building up the library
under his charge from sixteen thousand to forty-two thou-
sand volumes, making it second only to Harvard among
the law-school libraries of the country. He seems to
have had a passion for complete collections of all exist-
ing editions of the standard law works, and was like a
sleuth hound in the fatal certainty with which he would
at last run down the object of his pursuit. But his in-
terests were not confined to his specialty — he was a wide
and appreciative reader, and, in his intercourse with
young men, stimulative of what was best in them as stu-
dents, readers, and thinkers.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 84 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Mother of Goethe. By Margaret Reeks. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc.. 8vo. 312 paces. John Lane Co. $8.50 net
Reminiscences and Letters of Joseph and Arnold Toyn-
bee. Edited by Gertrude Toynbee. Illustrated, 12mo,
193 pages. London: Henry J. Glaisher.
HISTORT.
Origin and Growth of the American Constitution: An
Historical Treatise. By Hannis Taylor, xvo, 676 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $4. net.
An Historical Relation of Ceylon, together with Somewhat
Concerning Severale Remarkable passages of my life that
hath hapned Since my Deliverance out of my Captivity. By
Robert Knox. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.. 8vo, 460
pages. Glasgow: James Mac Lehose and Sons. 13.26 net.
The End of the Irish Parliament. By Joseph R. Fisher.
Xvo. 316 pages. Longmans. Green, & Co. $3. net. •
Travels In the Confederation, 1783-1784. By Johann David
Schoepf; translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. In
two volumes. With portrait, 12mo. Philadelphia: William
J.Campbell. $6. net.
Three Tears In the Confederate Horse Artillery. By
George M. Neese. 12mo, 862 pages. Neale Publishing Co.
$2. net.
A Documentary History of American Industrial Society.
Edited by John R. Commons, Ulrich B. Phillips, Eugene A.
Gilmore, Helen L. Sumner, and John B. Andrews. Prepared
under the auspices of the American Bureau of Industrial
Research with the cooperation of the Carnegie Institution
of Washington; with a Preface by Richard T. Ely, and an
Introduction by John B. Clark. Vol. X.: Labor Movement.
With frontispiece, 8vo, 370 pages. Cleveland, O.: Arthur
H. Clark Co.
Naval Actions of the War of 1812. By James Barnes.
New edition. Illustrated, 8vo, 263 pages. Harper &
Brothers. $2.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Corner of Harley Street: Being Some Familiar Corres-
pondence of Peter Harding, M.D. 12mo, 271 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
A Study in Southern Poetry. By Henry Jerome Stockard.
8vo, 346 pages. Neale Publishing Co. $2.50 net.
Letters that Live. Selected and edited by Laura E. Lock-
wood and Amy R. Kelly. 16mo. 253 pages. Henry Holt &
Co. Cloth. $1.60; leather, $2.50 net.
The Collected Works of Ambrose Blerce. Edited and
arranged by the author. In ten volumes. 8vo. Vol. V.,
381 pages. New York: Neale Publishing Co. $2.50.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The Weavers: A Drama of the Forties. By Gerhart Haupt-
mann. 12mo. 148 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
The Silver Age: A Dramatic Poem. By Arthur E. J. Legge.
12mo, 136 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Songs of Cy Warm an. 12mo, 177 pages. Boston: Rand
Avery Co. $1. net.


484
[June 16,
THE DIAL
FICTION.
In Her Own Bight. By John Reed Scott. With illustrations
in color, 12mo. 338 pages. J. B. Lipplncott Co. 11.25 net.
Defender of the Faith. By Marjorie Bowen. 12mo, 366
pages. E. P. Button A Co. $1.35 net.
The Return. By Walter de la Mare. 12mo. 854 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Exception. By Oliver Onions. 12mo, 331 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.50.
The Trail of the Axe. By Ridgwell Cullum. yfith frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 422 pages. George W. Jacobs Co.
$1.25 net .
The Revolt at Roskelly's). By William Caine. l2mo, 861
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The House In the Hedge. By Ralph Henry Barbour. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12rao. 251 pages. Moffat, Yard A Co.
$1.10 net.
Jack and the Check Book. By John Kendrick Bangs. Illus-
trated, l2mo, 236 pages. Harper & Brothers. Il.net.
Modern Authors' Series. First Volumes: Rabbi Ezra, and
The Victim, by Frank Wedekind, translated from the Ger-
man by Francis J. Ziegler; A Red Flower, translated from
the Russian of Vsevolod Garshin: The Grisley Suitor, by
Frank Wedekind. translated fron the German by Francis J,
Ziegler. Philadelphia: Brown Brothers.
The Rose with a Thorn. By Priscilla Craven. With frontis"
piece. 12mo. 416 pages. D. Appleton A Co. $1.25 net.
Out of Africa. By Thomas Lane Carter. 12mo, 288 pages.
New York: Neale Publishing Co. $1.50.
The Unknown Isle. By Pierre de Coulevain. 12mo, 434
pages. Cassell A Co. $1.35 net.
A Study in Ebony, By Dotia Trigg Cooney. 12mo. 284 pages.
New York: Neale Publishing Co. $1.60.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
My First Summer in the Sierras. By John Muir, Illus-
trated, 8vo, 354 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
The Land of Teck and Its Neighborhood. By S. Baring-
Gould. M.A. With illustrations in color, etc., and maps.
8vo, 327 pages. John Lane Co. $3.60 net.
Auvergne and its People. Ey Francis M. Gostling. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 291 pages. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
Through the Heart of Canada. By Frank Yeigh. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 819 pages. A. C. McClurg A Co. $2.75 net.
Cities of Southern Italy. By Augustus J. C. Hare; edited
by St. Clair Baddeley. With illustrations, maps and plans,
12mo, 237 pages. E. P. Dutton A Co. $1.75 net.
Strange Siberia along the Trans-Siberian Railway. By
Marcus Lorenzo Taft. Illustrated in color, etc., 16mo, 260
pages. New York: Eaton A Mains. $1 net.
Boston Days. By Lilian Whiting. New edition, illustrated
in photogravure, etc., 12mo, 543 pages, Little, Brown A Co.
$1.60 net.
PHILOSOPHY.
Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Man's
Spiritual Consciousness. By Evelyn Underhill. 8vo, 600
pages. E. P. Dutton A Co. $6. net.
The Stability of Truth. A Discussion of Reality as Related
to Thought and Action. By David Starr Jordan. 12mo. 180
pages. Henry Holt A Co. $1.25 net.
Some Problems of Philosophy: A Beginning of an Intro-
duction to iPhilosophy. By William James. 12mo, 237
pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25 net.
The New Avatar and the Destiny of the Soul. By Jirah D.
Buck, M.D. 12mo, 226 pages. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke
Co. $2. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
Science and the Criminal. By C. Ainsworth Mitchell.
Illustrated, 240 pages. Little. Brown & Co. $2. net.
The Business of Congress. By Samuel N. McCall. 12mo-
215 pages.. New York: Columbia University Press. $1.50net.
The Girl That Disappears. The Real Facts of the White
Slave Traffic. By Theodore A. Bingham. With frontispiece,
12mo. 87 pages. Boston: Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Social Evil. By J. H. Green. M.D. 18mo, 64 pages,
Chicago: Charles H. Kerr A Co. Paper.
The Subjeotion of Women. By John Stuart Mill. New
edition, with a foreword by Carrie Chapman Catt. 12mo,
223 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. 60 cts. net.
How Capitalism Has Hypnotized Sooiety. By William
Thurston Brown. 16mo, 28 rages. Charles H. Kerr A Co.
10 cts.
HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
Yellow Fever and Its Prevention. By Rubert Boyce,
F.R.S. Illustrated. 8vo, 380 pages. E. P. Dutton A Co.
$3.50 net.
The House-Fly — Disease Carrier: An Account of Its Danger-
ous Activities and of the Means of Destroying It. By L. O.
Howard. Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo,312 pages. Frederick A.
Stokes Co. $1.60.
Education and Preventive Medioine. By Norman Edward
Ditman, M.D. 8vo, 73 pages. New York: Columbia Uni-
versity Press, Paper.
A Tuberculosis Directory. Containing a list of Institutions.
Associations, and Other Agencies. Dealing with Tubercu-
losis in the United States and Canada. Compiled for The
National Association for the Study and Prevention of
Tuberculosis. By Philip P. Jacobs. Ph.D. Privately pub-
lished.
ART.-ARCHITECTURE.-MUSIC.
The Materials of the Painter's Craft in Europe and
Egypt from Earliest Times to the End of the Seventeenth
Century, with Some Account of their Preparation and Use.
By H. P. Laurie, M.A. Illustrated in color, 8vo. 444 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co.
Gothic Architecture in England and France. By George
Herbert West. D.D. Illustrated, 12mo. 349 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $2.25 net.
Bungalows: Their Design. Construction and Furnishings,
with Suggestions also for Camps, Summer Homes and Cot-
tages of Similar Character. By Henry H. Baylor. With
illustrations and plans. 4to. 189 pages. John C. Winston
Co. $1.50 net.
The Philosophy of Muslo: A Comparative Investigation
into the Principles of Musical Aesthetics. By H. H. Britan,
Ph.D. 12mo, 252 pages. Longmans, Green A Co. $1.35 net.
SCIENCE.
Influences of Geographic Environment, on the Basis of
Ratzell's System of Anthropo-Geography. By Ellen Church-
hill Semple. 8vo. 683 pages. Henry Hall A Co. $4. net.
Mendeliam. By R. C. Punnett. With portrait, 12mo, IK
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Plant Physiology, with Special Reference to Plant Produc-
tion. By B. M. Duggar, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo. 616 pages.
"Rural Text-Book Series." Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
BOOKS ABOUT GARDENING.
The Landscape Gardening Book. By Grace Tabor. Illus-
trated. 4to, 180 pages. John C. Winston Co. $2. net.
How to Grow Vegetables and Garden Herbs. A Prac-
tical Handbook and Planting Table for the Vegetable
Gardener. By Allen French. Illustrated, 12mo, 312 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.
Home Vegetable Gardening. By F. F. Rockwell. Illus-
trated, 12mo. 262 pages. John C. Winston Co. $1. net.
BOOKS FOR BOYS.
Harper's Camping and Scouting: An Outdoor Guide for
American Boys. Edited by George Bird Grinnell and Dr.
Eugene L. Swan. Illustrated, 8vo, 398 pages. Harper 4
Brothers. $1.75.
The Boy Scouts of Biroh-Bark Island. By Rupert Barren!
Holland. Illustrated in color, etc.. 12mo, 292 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
EDUCATION.
Specimens of Letter Writing. Selected and edited by Laura
E. Lockwood, Ph.D., and Amy R. Kelly, M.A. 16mo. 274
pages. Henry Holt A Co.
Latin and Greek in American Education: with Symposia
on the Value of Hnmanistic Studies. Edited by Francis W.
Kelsey. 8vo. 396 pages. Macmillan Co.
Vetter Gabriel. By Paul Heyse; edited, with Introduction.
Notes, and Vocabulary by Robert N. Corwln. 16mo, M
pages. Henry Holt A Co.
A College Text-book of Physics. By Arthur L. Kimball.
Ph.D. 8vo. 692 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
Rasselas. Prince of Abyssinia. By Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
New edition, with an Introduction by John Morley. With
portrait. 16rao, 192 pages. Cassell & Co.
The Quest of the Four-leaved Clover: A Story of Arabia.
Adapted from the French of Laboulaye's "Abdallah" to
Walter Taylor Field. 16mo, 211 pages. Ginn A Co.









UNIVERSITY OF M(CHW*ju
3 HP||
^9015 03104 8161
Negaunee City Library
NEGAUNEE. MICH.
This book may be kept TWO
weeks; fine if detained
longer, two cents a day.
Subject to one renewal
Jonly if made prior to
fine.
No book lent to any -
one having fines or
penalties unsettled.
Borrowers should
not turn corners of
leaves down, as they
will be held responsi-
ble for imperfections of