e of exclusion as was adopted by the two
governments is not justified." This is no doubt
the case, but, granting the existence of a strong
prejudice against the Japanese on our Pacific
Coast, this endeavor to remove irritation until
the better understanding, such as Mr. Kawakami
seeks to bring about, has been reached, seems
eminently proper. Finally a plea is advanced
for the naturalization of resident Japanese.
Mr. Kawakami's book deserves a wide circu-
lation. No doubt he over-estimates the real
influence of the "jingoes and alarmists," for
their outcries at times excite more consternation
in Japan than among our own people. But his
efforts, and those of other Americans and Japan-
ese, will do much to restore the old relations
which were so long a credit to America and
Japan. Payson J. Treat.
Whistler the Artist.*
Mr. Way justifies the addition of another
volume to the already formidable quantity of
printed words about Mr. Whistler by the state-
ment that few of the books, magazines, and
newspaper articles devoted to him and his art
"suggest the real charm of Whistler the crafts-
man." In any just estimate of his character this
phase of it needs to be emphasized much more
strongly than commonly it has been hitherto.
His fame rests in quite disproportionate measure
upon his idiosyncrasies, his wit, and his pugna-
city. To those who were privileged to know
Mr. Whistler intimately, these traits, though
they enlivened intercourse with him, stood out
far less prominently than those that constituted
him one of the world's greatest artists: they
were only another manifestation of the super-
sensitiveness that quickened his perception of
all artistic things, that made him so keenly ap-
preciative of the beauty of tone relations, and
enabled him to bring forth the works in which
this beauty is so exquisitely presented.
It is-of Whistler the artist, and more partic-
ularly of Whistler the lithographer, rather than
the painter or the etcher, that Mr. Way gives
his memories. His acquaintance with Mr.
Whistler dates back to the year 1878, when
the master's interest in lithography was first
awakened by Mr. Way's father, a well-known
lithographer and a life-long enthusiast and
experimenter in all that concerns the process.
•Memories of James McNeill Whistler the Artist.
By T. R. Way. Illustrated. New York: John Lane Co.
Then began frequent visits to Mr. Way's estab-
lishment, where the father and son inducted
the distinguished artist into the practical details
of their craft. The intimacy formed while thus
working side by side lasted until a short time
before Mr. Whistler's death, when it was ter-
minated by an unfortunate misunderstanding.
The opportunity to follow the artist's mental
processes which these years of close association
afforded appears to have been accorded to no
one else in such generous measure, and this gives
Mr. Way's reminiscences a special value apart
from their intrinsic interest.
Among the things that stand forth most dis-
tinctly in the book are Mr. Whistler's industry
and his painstaking attention to every detail of
craftsmanship. Like all great artists he was a
master workman. He recognized clearly that
only through the acquisition of consummate
skill of hand could he impress his drawings with
the subtle refinements, the almost imperceptible
nuances that enter into the highest art and stamp
it as a thing apart. When at work he was so
absorbed in the effort to realize the precise effect
he had in mind that he was oblivious to every
other consideration. He disregarded his own
comfort quite as much as that of his models. "I
have never come across any one," says Mr. Way,
"who could exist upon so little food as Whistler
whilst he was at work."
Another thing which Mr. Way brings out is
that instead of ignoring all criticism and sug-
gestion, as is generally supposed, Mr. Whistler
"constantly appealed to those about him as to
how they liked the work he was engaged upon
and what they thought of it." Though he was
irritated by inept comment from people whose
education should have taught them how to look
at works of art, he was ever ready to welcome
intelligent discussion. In all that he did he
never failed to keep basic principles clearly in
mind. And when he had occasion to criticize
other work, as that of his pupils, he dealt with
these principles rather than with the execution,
which he left almost alone," thus doing nothing
to interfere with the individuality of the student,
but in the kindest way helping him with advice."
A characteristic incident is related by Mr. Way:
"I was painting a portrait of Dr. Whistler,
at his Wimpole Street house, in 1883, and
Whistler came and advised me about it, taking
my brushes and working on the canvas to ex-
plain his meaning. I found that whenever I
showed him anything I had done, his criticisms
were based upon my point of view, as it were."
It was the same attitude of mind that caused


242
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
him to be horrified at the idea of printing
etchings in color. Rightly he felt this to
be "utterly contrary to the principles of the
art."
Mr. Way's reminiscences are in large part
devoted to Mr. Whistler's lithographic work,
many of his experiments and his achievements
being chronicled with considerable detail. For
the reader not having technical knowledge there
is a short account of the lithographic process.
This, and also the descriptions of methods of
working that occur here and there throughout
the book, are exceptionally clear in statement.
Naturally Mr. Way is partial toward lithog-
raphy, and he expresses the opinion that " for
the reproductive side of his art " Mr. Whistler
"found in it the most sympathetic and perfect
medium of all." To this he adds:
"Great indeed as he was as an etcher, I believe he
found he could get a far more direct and personal
expression from lithography than on the copperplate.
Tones and shadows which he could obtain directly with a
stump or wash, or a few strokes of the soft chalk, he could
only obtain in his etchings with an infinite number of
lines with the needle point, or by a painting of ink upon
the plate, which latter he of course needed to repeat for
each impression, and this form of printing he discarded
before he had finished printing the hundred sets of the
Venice plates. I know from what he told me that he
looked upon his lithographs, and especially his later ones,
as having qualities equal to any of his etchings."
It is easy to understand why Mr. Whistler
should have had this feeling. His art is in a
very special and direct way an art of tone values
and tone relations. To emphasize these he sacri-
ficed other qualities, notably at times that of exact
drawing, though he was a splendid draughtsman
when he chose to be. Even in his etchings it is
the tone relations that charm the beholder and
evoke wonder as well as admiration.
Although Mr. Way makes no attempt to deal
with Mr. Whistler'8 personality, he has not been
able to omit all reference to his peculiarities.
Indeed to make no mention of any of these would
be to rob the portrait of verisimilitude. In all
mention of them, however, and in the anecdotes
in which they crop out, they are treated most
tenderly as things of little weight in our final
estimate of the man. This attitude is main-
tained even when relating the incident of Mr.
Whistler's severance of friendly relations with
the author and his father, which is told without
any trace of bitterness or of feeling other than
deep regret. Such magnanimity is as rare as
it is commendable.
A large number of lithographic illustrations
add to the interest of the book. One of these,
"Grand Rue, Dieppe," is printed direct from
Mr. Whistler's original work. The others are
for the most part reproductions by Mr. Way of
sketches made by Mr. Whistler in preparation
for his etchings and paintings, or of memory notes
of the completed works. There is a very much
reduced reproduction in color of the " Cremorne
Gardens" painting; and another of Mr. Way's
pastel copy of the project for the "Symphony
in White, No. 4." Charming as the latter is, it
fails to give an adequate impression of either
the quality or the beauty of the original
painting, now in the collection of Mr. Freer;
but that is quite beyond the power of any
reproduction. m n
r Frederick W. Gookin.
The Domestic Economy of Insects.*
We are glad to welcome another volume of
translations from M. Fabre. This time we are
introduced to the cicada, the mantis, crickets
and grasshoppers, moths, the bee-hunting wasp,
and several different beetles. The insects are
in general similar to those found in this coun-
try; they are the common species of southern
France, but common as they are, M. Fabre
has found out new and wonderful things about
each one of them. In science, as in literature,
it is the province of genius to illuminate the
ordinary.
Four chapters are devoted to the cigale. It is
well that the translator did not follow the pop-
ular error of this country, and call it a " locust";
but he might have used the word cicada, which
is surely by this time part of the English lan-
guage. The name, however, matters little, since
very good pictures show the reader what is in-
tended. M. Fabre begins his account with a
discussion of the fable about the grasshopper
and the ant, showing that La Fontaine, know-
ing nothing of the cicada, changed the old Greek
version. The Greek story, it appears, probably
came from India, and it may be that it was not
even the cicada that begged the ant for food,
but some other insect. However this may have
been, M. Fabre objects strongly to the idea of
the cicada asking favors of the ant, showing that
as a matter of fact it is the ant which feasts at
the cicada's table. The cheerful songster is thus
vindicated, but it is no doubt M. Fabre's little
joke to take La Fontaine and his predecessors
so seriously.
The life history of the cicada is graphically
• Social Life in the Insect World. By J. H. Fabre.
Translated by Bernard Miall. New York: The Century Co.


1912.]
243
THE DIAL
described, and some of the facts are surprising.
As everyone knows, the males chant vociferously
during the short summer of their maturity.
We have always supposed it a love song, but M.
Fabre gives reasons for seriously doubting this:
reasons, indeed, for suspecting that the cicada is
almost or quite deaf! This seems ridiculous, but
who can prove otherwise? Even a gunpowder
explosion, close by, did not affect their compla-
cency. Another astonishing thing is that the
great green grasshopper of Europe, which we
had imagined to be a strict vegetarian, is in
fact carnivorous, a ferocious enemy of the
cicada.
The next three chapters are devoted to the
mantis, the greatest of all hypocrites. It is
this creature, credited from ancient times with
special sanctity, that shows the most depraved
appetites it is possible to imagine. The female,
after marriage, makes a regular practice of
devouring her unfortunate mate. Two chapters
now follow which are headed by some strange
confusion on the part of the translator, "The
Golden Scarabaeus." The insect discussed, and
well figured, is no scarabaeus at all, but a
ground beetle, — the Carabus auratus. It is sin-
gular that the translator, who makes some show
of learning in a variety of footnotes, should have
overlooked this error. Chapter XX., again,
is headed " The Gray Cricket," when the insect
concerned is not a cricket at all, but a grass-
hopper. Genuine crickets are described in
another part of the book. There is also strange
confusion in the charming chapter on the Great
Peacock Moth, which is indifferently called a
moth or a butterfly. Thus: "Who does not
know this superb moth, the largest of all our
European butterflies, with its livery of chestnut
velvet and its collar of white fur?" Papillon,
in French, may mean simply a lepidopterous
insect, as did undoubtedly the Latin Papilio;
but in English a moth is not a butterfly. It
is curious that we have no common term for
the whole tribe, just as we had no common
term expressing fraternal relationship independ-
ent of sex, and Galton was obliged to invent
"sib."
Apart from such matters as we have com-
plained of, which can easily be corrected in a
second edition, the translation appears to have
been very well done. The book is certainly
delightful to read, and does justice to the spirit
of the author. It will take its place among the
classics of literature and of science.
T. D. A. Cc-CKERELL.
Recent Fiction.*
It seems that "Richard Dehan," the author of
that striking novel "The Dop Doctor," is the pen
name of Miss Clothilde Graves, an Irish dramatist,
which fact transpires coincidently with the appear-
ance of her new novel, "Between Two Thieves."
This is a hook not easy to characterize. It is a
"big" book in both the literal and the figurative
sense; it is an intensely emotional book and one ex-
traordinarily rich in substance; it is a book in which
we seem to see a brilliant light struggling to emerge
through a fog of verbiage; it is a book loose in
structure and of feebly coherent interests; it is a
book that begins with the end, and then, taking a
fresh start, toilsomely leads up to its beginning
(which is, to our mind, a most detestable method);
it is a book which resorts, in one instance, to the
cheap device of telepathy for an effect, and which
culminates in a chapter of supernatural bathos; and
withal it is a romance of fascinating interest and
impressive power, based essentially upon historical
material ranging from the period of the great
Napoleon to that of the "saviour of society" who
later made a mockery of the Napoleonic name and
empire. It makes us a participant in the French
Revolution of 1848, in the crime of December, and
in all the heroisms and horrors of the Crimean War.
The main currents of nineteenth century life flow
through its pages, and an elaborate historical pa-
geant discloses itself to the view. The figure that
gives to all these matters whatever unity they possess
is that of a man, the son of one of Napoleon's mar-
shals, trained for the army, who sees service at home
and in Africa, who witnesses the precipitation of
the Revolution and the accomplishment of the coup
d'Stat, who as the agent of the imperial adventurer
makes the plans upon which the Crimean enterprise
is founded, who learns the true character of his mas-
ter and renounces him to his face, who is imprisoned
for his audacity, who when released makes his way
to the field of war and toils devotedly in the inter-
ests of humanity, who sins grievously and expiates
nobly, inspired by the influence of an angel of light
called Ada Merling in the book (who is in reality
Florence Nightingale), who carries on the blessed
work of the Red Cross and devotes his many remain-
ing years to the cause of peace, and who dies in ex-
treme old age after receiving all the honors that a
grateful continent can bestow upon him. In such a
» Between Two Thieves. By Richard Dehan. New
York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
The Principal Giul. By J. C. Snaith. New York:
Moffat, Yard & Co.
The Citadel. A Romance of Unrest. By Samuel
Merwin. New York: The Century Co.
The Red Lank. A Romance of the Border. By Holman
Day. New York: Harper «fe Brothers.
The Midlandkrs. By Charles Tenney Jackson. Indian-
apolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
"CQ"; or, In the Wireless House. By Arthur
Train. New York: The Century Co.


244
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIA1
career as this, there is opportunity in abundance for
creative romantic invention, and for the most part
the author has used her material worthily. She has
to deal with black sin and desperate wickedness in
many phases, but she contrives to make us feel that
the mantle of divine forgiveness is ample to cover
the deepest transgression, save in the one case of
Louis Napoleon, for whom no damnation can be
sufficiently deep. The book has no finer feature
than its blistering portraiture of this blackest of his-
torical criminals, and the view which it gives us of
that cesspool of social and political corruption known
ironically to history as the Second Empire. It offers
a prose parallel to the "Chfttiments" of Hugo and
the "Dirse" of Swinburne. Whole sections of the
work have been left unhinted at in our description
— the English scenes, including the picture of gar-
rison life and the scathing study of the army con-
tractor, and the chapters which describe the hero's
unsuccessful attempt to claim the succession to a
German principality. These and other matters must
be left for the reader to discover, for the book is so
rich that no review of ordinary length can hope to
do more than indicate its more important features.
Of the variety of styles at his command, Mr. J. C.
Snaith has chosen the frothiest for his service in
"The Principal Girl." This story of an alliance
between the peerage and the theatrical profession is
an engaging example of light comedy in the vein of
"Araminta." The hero is a young man for whom
his parents have matured matrimonial plans, which
he sets at naught by becoming infatuated with a most
charming Cinderella of the Drury Lane pantomime.
Expostulations from the pompous father and the
supercilious mother are of no avail to stay him in his
mad career, and even the objections of the young
woman's grandmother—a fine representative of
theatrical conservatism who holds the aristocracy of
the stage a far finer thing than the mushroom crea-
tions of politics—do not prevent the young people
from following the dictates of their affection. The
hero is stupid, but good, and he knows exactly what
he wants. Having an independent fortune, he is
enabled to contract the misalliance in defiance of
all opposition, and it proves to be the best thing in
the world for him. Recognizing his wife's superior
intelligence, he is sensible enough to let her manage
him, and when she decides that he shall go into
parliament, is content that she should pull the strings
which bring about his triumphant return. The fact
that he is a famous hero of the football field aids him
not a little in his campaign, and he wins the heart
of his constituency by pledging himself to play with
the local team upon critical occasions. The wit of
the story is sparkling, and the world of society and
politics is touched up with many delicious satirical
dabs. When twins are produced, even the flinty-
hearted parents melt, and become reconciled to their
wayward offspring.
"The Citadel," by Mr. Samuel Merwin, is called
"a romance of unrest." The unrest is of the social
sort which manifests itself in " progressive " politics
and the tendency to substitute impulse for principle
in the direction of public affairs. "The Citadel"
is the structure of constitutional government within
whose walls so many forms of privileged corruption
find shelter. Mr. Merwin evidently thinks that the
only way to destroy these abuses is to tear down
the walls, which is a procedure too suggestive of the
famous method of getting roast pig to be taken very
seriously. John Garwood, the hero of this story, is
a member of Congress from one of the Illinois dis-
tricts. He has been sent to Washington by the local
ring of allied political and business interests, and is
supposed to be a reliable man. He has become en-
gaged to the daughter of the chief local magnate,
thereby offering an important hostage to fortune.
But acquaintance with the practical side of political
life fills him with such deep disgust that he resolves
to become a champion of the people, turning his back
upon all of his former supporters. Particularly, he
gets into a state of mind about the federal Constitu-
tion, which seems to him to block every effort for
social amelioration, and he emphasizes his new stand
by making a frenzied attack upon that instrument,
putting in the forefront of his reform programme an
amendment designed to make the Constitution more
easily amendable. His ideal of popular government
seems to be a system which shall make it possible
for the majority, at any time, without any pretense
of deliberation, and without any regard for the ele-
mentary rights of the minority, to upset any part of
the law which it does not like. In thus defining
Garwood's position, we are given his measure so
clearly that he cannot command the sympathy of
the sober-minded, although his political conduct is
praiseworthy enough in its secondary aspects. He
returns home, severs all his relations with the influ-
ential men of his district, and engages in a campaign
for reelection upon a socialist platform. It is a lively
struggle and arouses a nation-wide interest, but the
forces arrayed against him are too powerful to be
overcome, and he is defeated. But he has found an
Egeria in one of the departments at Washington,
who has stood at his side during the whole arduous
campaign, and she saves him from being absolutely
disconsolate in his overthrow. This book is one of
many written in similar strain of recent years, which
overshoot their mark because they unduly magnify
the evils at which they are directed, and which, in
the remedies they offer, are simply fatuous, so utterly
do they disregard the lessons of history and the
precepts of political wisdom.
Mr. Holman Day continues to draw material for
fiction from the woods of northern Maine, and his
latest novel, "The Red Lane," is the best that he
has written, having a larger admixture of the roman-
tic than is to be found in the studies of business and
politics that he has heretofore given us. His title
is explained in the opening paragraph of the book.
"The Red Lane is neither road nor route. It is an
institution — it is smuggling. Its thousand avenues
are now here, now there." The smuggling that goes
on over the border that separates Maine from New


1912.]
245
THE
DIAL
Brunswick is of food—mutton, potatoes, and oats —
a fact which sheds a particularly clear light upon
the iniquity of a system which subjects these pro-
ducts to a customs tax, and rather inclines us to
sympathy with Mr. Day's chief law-breaker, the
villain of the story. However, he is bad enough in
other respects to qualify for his position in the tale,
and we cheerfully witness the thwarting of his
schemes and his eventual overthrow. When Evan-
geline Beaulieu, who has been brought up in a con-
vent, comes to seek her father in his home, she finds
him the proprietor of a road-house on the border,
and hand in glove with the smuggling fraternity.
She also learns that she herself has been promised
in marriage to the chief of the smugglers. Being an
independent and high-spirited young woman, and
finding her protest against these conditions of no
avail, she abandons the paternal roof, and starts out
to make her own way in the world. A suitable hero
is provided in the person of a United States customs
officer, who falls in love with the girl, and rescues
her when she has fallen into the hands of her ene-
mies, and is about to be made the victim of a forced
marriage with the hated smuggler. The story has,
however, a larger interest than is provided by this
private romance. It is essentially concerned with
the struggle of the simple Acadian border-folk to
retain possession of their homes, from which the
owners of the timber lands seek to evict them. They
are squatters, it is true, and the law is against them,
but the author enlists our sympathies in their behalf,
and we rejoice when the legislature is moved to act
in their favor. The author understands these peas-
ant people, their ways of speech and their modes of
thinking, and he is at his best in giving expression
to their character. A particularly delightful episode
is that which describes the mission of the vagrant
fiddler to the bishop, sent with a petition for the res-
toration of their parish priest, who has been arbit-
rarily taken from them. There are many varieties
of interest in this narrative, and all are skilfully
blended into an organic structure.
"The Midlanders," by Mr. Charles TenneyJack-
son, is a narrative of an Iowa river town, with a
prologue in the bayous of the lower Mississippi. A
battered human derelict named " Uncle Michigan"
and an equally battered veteran of the Confederate
army named "Captain Tinkletoes" (because he
wears a bell on his wooden leg) live together on a
"johnboat" in the swamp, and one day add to their
company a little girl, kidnapped by the former of
these precious vagabonds from a parade of asylum
orphans in the streets of New Orleans. Here the
child lives for several years, when the death of
"Captain Tinkletoes " breaks up the happy family,
and "Uncle Michigan," unmooring the old boat,
takes it on an adventurous voyage up the river. It
finally becomes stranded by the Iowa town which is
the principal scene of the story. From this time on,
the book becomes a study of the social and political
life of the town in question. Aurelie grows up to
be a beautiful young woman, and the chief object of
the affections of two men—one the son of a patri-
cian family, and the other, who is much older, the
editor of the local country newspaper. As in larger
communities, there is a good deal of corruption in
the management of public affairs, and the " leading
citizens" have matters pretty much in their own
hands. The editor, who has been doddering along
in the town for many years, and is not thought to
be of much account, is pushed into the congressional
campaign in opposition to the " ring," and the town
is stirred from its sluggishness in the struggle that
ensues. Meanwhile Aurelie, whose photograph has
been sent by the editor to a Chicago newspaper for
entry in a "beauty contest," becomes the surprised
recipient of the prize and the victim of all the sensa-
sional advertising that goes with it. She is promptly
snapped up by the theatre, and wins a great popular
success in that hybrid species of entertainment for
imbeciles known as "musical comedy." This so
shocks the youth of patrician extraction that he tries
to put her out of his thoughts, and enters heartily
into the political campaign, being a candidate for
the district attorneyship. At the critical moment it
transpires that Aurelie is the daughter of the editor,
the fruit of a marriage contracted in the days of his
reckless youth. The mother has been long dead, and
of the existence of the child (placed in the New
Orleans asylum after the mother's death) he had
never known. His political enemies spring the re-
velation upon him on the eve of the election, and
threaten him with exposure if he refuses to with-
draw. How they are circumvented, how Aurelie
learns of her father, how he is elected when he be-
lieves himself out of the running, and how the pat-
rician youth finds that love is the most important
thing in the world — these things provide the ma-
terial for a whirlwind finish which leaves nothing
to be desired in the way of excitement.
The conquests of science speedily become annexed
to the domain of the novel-writer. Wireless teleg-
raphy is an invention which obviously lends itself to
the planning of startling new situations, and its place
in the literary workshop is secured. The best of
the stories which have thus far been based upon this
device is Mr. Arthur Train's "' C Q'; or, In the
Wireless House." In this sprightly tale the unities
of time and space are necessarily observed, for the
entire story is told within the compass of a two
weeks' voyage of the Pavonia, and the unity of action
cannot under these conditions be very much obscured.
Micky Fitzpatrick, the Marconi operator, is the chief
figure of the story, and the messages that come to
him in the wireless house make him acquainted with
several interesting matters. One of them relates to
a pearl necklace which a fascinating young woman
is hoping to smuggle into New York, another relates
to an embezzler who is sought by the police, and still
another raises the hue and cry on account of the
fugitive murderer of the Earl of Roakby. This
latter message Micky suppresses, and, making the
acquaintance of its object, concludes that the mur-
der was quite justifiable. In consequence of this, lie


246
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAI,
arranges for the fugitive to slip overboard, and seek
refuge on a French ship bound for Algiers. The
other fugitive turns out not to be an embezzler after
all, but a noble youth who has shouldered his father-
in-law's guilt, and we are given the intimation that
he will be cleared in due time. We are left in doubt
about the necklace, but it supplies the occasion for
several bits of comedy. We get a good deal of the
technique of the operator's craft, and the way in
which he slangs his fellows on the other ships is
extremely amusing. The narrative is sparkling
throughout, and abounds in deft characterizations
and dramatic situations. Our breath is fairly taken
away by one bit of information which is not dis-
closed until the final paragraph.
William Morton Payne.
Briefs on New Books.
charUi Lamb't J°nn Rickman, statistician and cen-
triend the sus-taker, secretary to the speaker of
eentu-taker. the House of Commons for twelve
syears, clerk at the table of the House for twenty-
i x, and (chief claim upon our interest and friendly
regard) valued friend of Charles Lamb during
much of the latter part of Lamb's life, is made the
subject of a book that will appeal strongly to all
lovers of Elia,—"Life and Letters of John Rick-
man" (Houghton), by Mr. Orlo Williams, with a
portrait of the census-taker and views of the Parlia-
ment houses and their neighborhood as they were in
Rickman's time. It was George Dyer that brought
Lamb and Rickman together, a service to which we
owe, among other things, the enthusiastic letter from
Lamb to Manning describing the new friend as "the
finest fellow to drop in a' nights, about nine or ten
o'clock — cold bread and cheese time—just in the
wishing time of the night, when you wish for some-
body to come in, without a distinct idea of a probable
anybody. . . . He is a most pleasant hand; a fine
rattling fellow, has gone through life laughing at
solemn apes;—himself hugely literate, oppressively
full of information in all stuff of conversation, from
matter of fact to Xenophon and Plato—can talk
Greek with Porson, politics with Thelwall, conjecture
with George Dyer, nonsense with me, and anything
with anybody; ..." If that is not enough to
make anyone eager for a closer acquaintance with
this genial and accomplished man, it would be useless
to offer the temptation of further bait. Nevertheless,
his letters cannot be said to fall into the same class
with those of Lamb and the other accepted masters
of the epistolary art. There was in Rickman too
much of the man of hard facts, of statistics and cur-
rent politics, to admit of any considerable grace and
playfulness and airy fancy in his letter-writing. A
mass of his correspondence has been preserved by a
grandson of his, and other portions, published and
unpublished, are elsewhere available; so that with
the abundant and welcome insertions of comment and
explanation which Mr. Williams has supplied, a
substantial volume of interesting matter has been
produced that not only gives fresh views of Lamb
and Southey and Coleridge and others of that period,
but also supplies here and there a more or less im-
portant fact in Lamb's life or corrects a previous
error of his biographers. In the ten-page index,
which seems quite complete in its references, though
not so "analytical" as might be desired, the half-
column of Coleridge items is headed "Coleridge,
Samuel Hartley," by some slip of pen or type.
Otherwise the marks of care and thoroughness on the
editor's part are what might have been expected
from a successor to John Rickman in the exacting
duties of a House of Commons official, which Mr.
Williams, on his first page, proclaims himself to be,
New undies Four new books dealing with direct
of direct legislation attest to the ever-increas-
legitiation. jng interest in that subject. Mr.
Delos F. Wilcox, in his volume entitled "Govern-
ment by All the People " (Macmillan), deals at length
in separate chapters with the initiative, referendum,
and recall, explains what each is, and gives the
arguments for and against it. A simple list of the
author's arguments shows that his treatment is not
exhaustive. For example, to the initiative he finds
six objections,—that it would destroy constitutional
stability, foster the tyranny of the majority, tend to
subvert judicial authority, result in unscientific legis-
lation, lead to radical legislation, and be used by the
special interests to get the better of the people. In
its favor he finds four arguments,—that it would
utilize the individual in politics, result in the draft-
ing of laws by those who wish them to succeed,
enable the sovereign to enforce its will without the
consent of the legislature, and provide an orderly
means of extending or restricting suffrage. These
arguments, and those on the referendum and recall,
are very much "in the air," for rarely does Mr.
Wilcox base them on citations of actual facts.—
The volume on the same subject edited by Mr.
William Bennett Munro (Appleton) is a collection
of essays by some of the most distinguished men
in America, prefaced by a long and carefully pre-
pared introduction by the editor. This introduction
and the essays themselves are definite and pointed,
many references to specific facts being cited in sup-
port of the positions taken. Altogether, the book
possesses surprisingly few of the faults common to
collections of essays written by various writers without
any thought of their being put together Messrs.
Edwin M. Bacon and Morrill Wyman, in their
volume entitled "Direct Elections and Law-Making
by Popular Vote" (Houghton), seek to cover in one
hundred and fifty pages the whole field of direct
elections, popular law-making, the recall, commission
government, and preferential voting. Even in this
brief compass the authors have given some valuable
summaries of what has been done in different places.
The appendix contains some specimen ballots and a
comprehensive bibliography. — Mr. Samuel Robert-
son Honey's "Referendum among the English"


1912.]
247
THE
DIAL
(Macmillan) is somewhat misleading in its title.
The author, a native of America residing in England,
has made a rather unskilful effort to bring before the
British public the application and results of demo-
cracy in America. The result is a conglomeration
consisting of an attempt to prove that Americans (or
rather the people of New England) are of English
descent, an explanation of democracy by quotations
from English statesmen and American constitutions,
and a history of the referendum in America. That
a work on popular government should be devoted
almost wholly to New England is sufficient proof of
its absurdity. However, this book contains some in-
teresting facts in regard to the history of the refer-
endum not elsewhere easily accessible, though in a
few cases not altogether accurate.
A unique ^" Groddard's volume entitled
ttudv in "The Kallikak Family" (Macmillan)
tociaihereditv. j8 a remarkable human document
It is a scientific study in human heredity, a convinc-
ing sociological essay, a contribution to the psycho-
logical bases of the social structure, a tragedy of
incompetence, and a sermon with a shocking exam-
ple as a text. With an endless patience sustained
by a scientific insight into the value of principle and
detail, the history of two branches of a family has
been traced. A common father in Colonial days
through an illegitimate connection with a nameless
feeble-minded girl becomes the progenitor of innu-
merable feeble-minded progeny; later marrying a
woman of his own class, he becomes the ancestor
of men and women of the highest respectability, of
social and professional standing, numbering among
them high officials,—names so worthy that care
must be taken to prevent their recognition from the
descriptions given. The good and the bad branches
of the family have been subjected to about the same
environment, living in the same part of the country,
and (though bearing the same name) quite igno-
rant of their kinship until this study was made.
No more striking example of the supreme force of
heredity could be desired. Though its interpretation
in the details of descent is beset with uncertainty,
it goes far to assimilate the hereditary trend to that
termed "Mendelian." Upon this issue Dr. Goddard
promises another volume based on the slighter study
of a larger number of defective families. The story
found its clue in Deborah Kallikak (all the names
of course are fictitious), an illegitimate and aban-
doned child who came to the Training School for
the Feeble-Minded at Vineland. Despite fourteen
years of teaching and care, she has, at the age of
twenty-two, the mentality of a ten-year-old child,
though she has the capacity to acquire a considerable
range of manual skill. Indeed, placed in favorable
surroundings, she and her kind would not be recog-
nized by the public as feeble-minded; for she be-
longs to the high-grade type of difficult, backward,
but not unattractive folk. It is precisely in this type,
especially among girls, that criminality finds its ready
recruits or victims. Hence the imposing scope of
the single story, from which so many other stories
of degeneracy receive a lurid illumination. The prac-
tical regulation and prevention of this array of inca-
pacity and worse is the serious social problem. Dr.
Goddard and his associates have added notably to
our insight into its fundamental significance, and
particularly by demonstrating that deficient mental-
ity—the stigma of an unworthy stock—is the clue
to the condition, and vice and crime and inefficiency
and brutality its issues under present-day social
stress.
French.ocietv During the clo.sing ye&T* °f his life»
at the height Professor Achille Luchaire, the great
of medicevaium. French mediasvalist who died about
four years ago, was engaged in a study of French
society during the reign of Philip Augustus (1180-
1223), in which he doubtless intended to include all
the important phases of civilization at the time when
medievalism stood at the zenith of its course. Death
prevented the complete realization of this plan, but
a large part of the work was found in a practically
finished form among his literary remains, and was
given prompt publication. Recently an English
translation of Professor Luchaire's work has been
prepared by Professor E. B. Erehbiel of Leland
Stanford University, and has been published under
the title "Social France at the Time of Philip
Augustus" (Holt). The work of a master is always
gladly received; and in this instance the master has
drawn an unusual picture. There has recently been
a tendency among historians to deal more sympa-
thetically with the middle ages, to dwell less on the
unlovely characteristics of the time, and to empha-
size the constructive forces of medieval life. But
the great Frenchman saw the period in a different
light; to him the civilization of the middle ages was
crude and inferior, and he proceeded to tell the
truth about it. Sombre colors are used throughout
the work, but particularly dark is the view that he
gives of the religious and spiritual life of the age;
the religion of the masses he finds to have been relic
worship of the coarsest kind. Naturally the age also
had its attractive phases, and these, too, are faithfully
presented. It may be that the writer, who studied
and wrote during the years of conflict between the
French government and the Roman church, has over-
drawn the picture at times, but on the whole the work
seems honest and convincing. He quotes freely from
the sources used, and his conclusions seem so well-
founded that they will not be easily shaken. The
work also discusses the various secular elements of
mediaeval society, especially the noble classes; less
attention is devoted to the peasants and the burghers,
but this is doubtless due to the fact that the writers
of the age showed but slight interest in the lower
classes and have consequently left us less information
concerning them than we might desire. In his chap-
ter on "the noble dame," the author takes occasion
to discuss marriage and divorce in feudal times, and
concludes that the medieval church was utterly un-
able to enforce its decrees as to the indissolubility of


248
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
marriage. That a work of this sort should have lit-
erary blemishes is inevitable, as the corrections and
changes of an editor can never take the place of the
author's own final revision; but even in its some-
what imperfect form, the volume does great credit
to its author, whose works are all of more than
usual excellence.
In its outward aspect, "The Heritage
num^f of Hiroshige"(Paul Elder&Co.) is an
unusually successful attempt to give a
Japanese appearance to a book enclosed in substan-
tial boards and put together strongly enough to stand
the wear and tear of Western use. It is printed on
Japanese paper, on one side of the folded sheets, and
Japanese papers of harmonious tones are used for
the binding, the result being a very attractive vol-
ume. The book is the joint production of Mrs. Dora
Amsden and Mr. John Stewart Happer. The sale
at Sotheby's in 1909 of Mr. Happer's fine collection
of Japanese color-prints made his name widely known
to collectors of these beautiful works of art. One
section of Mr. Happer's collection consisted entirely
of prints by Hiroshige, and in the catalogue he
announced his discovery of the deciphering of the
"seal-dates" that appear upon many of the prints.
This was an important discovery, as it made possible
the definite determination of the authorship of works
that had theretofore been attributed arbitrarily to
the first Hiroshige and to his pupil who afterward
adopted the same "brush name." Other confirma-
tory evidence and biographical data made the cata-
logue an exceptionally useful one for students. This
material, together with some further items gleaned
from the prefaces to books of drawings by Hiroshige,
forms the pith of the present volume. There is a
chapter of "Biographical Notes," one upon a "Me-
morial Portrait of Hiroshige" and the "seal-dates,"
one about the "Forewords to Some of Hiroshige's
Books," and one of "Notes upon Hiroshige's Master-
pieces." These chapters, all of which contain useful
information, are, it may be presumed, Mr. Happer's
contribution to the book. Besides editing it and
preparing it for the press, Mrs. Amsden has written
a short introduction, and four chapters of rhapsody
over the classic art of Japan, which, though well
meant, seem a bit irrelevant It is, for example, inter-
esting to learn that "National art with the Japan-
ese is the materialization of faith," but it is not easy
to see what this has to do with Hiroshige. The book
is illustrated with excellent half-tone reproductions
of some of Hiroshige's best-known prints and of the
memorial portrait of him by Kunisada. In an ap-
pendix some facsimiles of signatures and publishers'
marks are given, also examples of date-seals and
several forms of the zodiacal characters that enter
into the composition of the cycle cyphers. There is,
besides, a short bibliography of books on Japanese
art, which would be more useful did it not include
the titles of utterly worthless books as well as some
of the best ones that have as yet been written.
TheMrring "John Hancock, the Picturesque
American Patriot" is the inviting title of Pro-
patriot. feasor Lorenzo Sears's attractively-
presented account of the life and public services of
him whose bold signature is the first and the best-
known of the fifty-six appended to the Declaration of
Independence, and whose other chief claims to re-
membrance are thus summarized by the author: "He
was the earliest considerable sufferer from commer-
cial oppression; the first aristocrat of Boston to join a
party which had little property to lose; one of the
two whom royal displeasure excluded from pardon;
often chairman of liberty meetings; a member of the
Great and General Court; deputy to the Provincial
Congresses and presiding officer; also deputy to the
Continental Congress and for two and a half years
its President; the first Governor of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts and ten times re-elected."
Fourteen years ago some selections from Hancock's
letter-book were edited with explanatory matter by
Mr. Abram English Brown; and much earlier than
that materials for a biography are said to have been
collected, but to have been sold for a thousand dol-
lars to some unnamed person interested in suppress-
ing them. Thus, for whatever mysterious reason,
no formal biography of Hancock has hitherto ap-
peared, and Professor Sears enters an untrodden
domain in his present historical study. His volume,
of about the size of those in the "American States-
men" series, is written in a style to win popular
approval, and gives with sufficient fulness (so far, at
least, as inadequate records permit) the main facts of
Hancock's life. The romance of his suit for Dorothy
Quincy's hand, in the troubled times of outbreaking
hostilities between England and her American colo-
nies, is agreeably told; and the puzzling episode of his
seeming delinquency as treasurer of Harvard Col-
lege is unsparingly related. But the brevity of ref-
erence to the Declaration of Independence is a little
surprising, in view of the importance of its framing
and signing in both the history of the nation and the
public life of Hancock. The closing words of the
book couple the name of John Hancock with the
names of Robert Morris and George Washington as
deserving of highest honors in our tribute to the
heroes of the Revolution. The familiar Copley por-
trait is reproduced as appropriate frontispiece to the
volume, which bears the imprint of Little, Brown,
& Co.
Everybody'' ^"ne P^m man ^las always refused to
world and venture far from the bounds of com-
phiioiophy. mon genge jn order to meet what has
been offered to him under the name of divine phil-
osophy. That realm he has left to its professional
explorers, and they have too often met his indif-
ference with a corresponding degree of contempt for
his attainments. But every philospher is at heart a
plain man himself, and whenever its speculative
momentum carries philosophy too far from everyday
life there is a reaction, and for a time the plain man


1912.]
249
THE DIAL
is courted in his own territory of commonsense.
We are apparently at the beginning of such a change.
The latest expression of the recurring romantic
movement has apparently culminated in pragma-
tism, and pragmatism has wandered far from real-
ity. Hence a brilliant group of men on both sides
of the Atlantic are preaching a return to reality, to
the world of every day. "The World We Live In;
or, Philosophy and Life in the Light of Modern
Thought" (Macmillan), by Professor G. Stuart Ful-
lerton of Columbia, is a general defence of the new
phase of thought and a criticism of both the intel-
lectual idealisms of Berkeley, Bradley, and Royce
and the newer pragmatism from the realistic stand-
point The world, says Professor Fullerton, is not
existent only in our or God's perception of it, as
Berkeley taught, nor is it a mere function of an "abso-
lute"; but it is an objective reality truly presented
to us—though with limitations — by our senses.
Hence the philosophy of the New Realism keeps
close to facts and sane inductions from them. But
this system of thought should not be confused with
the older naturalism. It realizes that there are
minds as well as bodies in the universe, and it does
not try to express the reality and operation of these
minds in terms of chemistry or molecular physics —
as is done by such a thinker as the biologist Jacques
Loeb in his "mechanistic conception" of life. Pro-
fessor Fullerton's outline of this philosophy is writ-
ten in a non-technical manner and with a great effort
to attain concreteness of exposition by the constant
use of examples from everyday thought and life. In
fact he carries this mode of exposition to such length
that the philosophical reader who happens to hold
the conceptions Mr. Fullerton criticises will be irrita-
ted exceedingly by what he will consider a rather
unfair method of exposition. But the book is writ-
ten primarily for the plain man; and the world it
presents, while considerably less fascinating than
either the pragmatic or idealistic worlds seem to be
at first blush, yet has an aspect of solid and comfort-
able reality about it. The New Realism seems re-
solved to give us a world which is chary of promis-
ing too much to the enthusiastic soul but which keeps
the few promises man may exact from it.
The function and value, in the econ-
Denmark in omy of the world, of small nations
theteventiet. depend upon the maintenance of
high standards of independent national culture.
Denmark has long been noted for its unique demo-
cratic institutions, and no less for the characteristic-
ally vigorous intellectual and artistic life in its capital.
The portrayal of society in the literary circles of
Copenhagen in the early seventies is of especial in-
terest. It was a brilliant period, though as a nation
Denmark had for the second time been brutally
crushed by Germany and was smarting under the
defeat. The romantic period in literature and
art was just drawing to a close, Hans Christian
Andersen was writing his last work, the tragedies
of Oehlenschl&ger were still in vogue, the verses
of Paludan-Muller were popular, and Galeotti's
tableau x-ballets continued to dominate the stage at
the Royal Theatre. The great national movement
for a native poetry, a native drama, and a native art
had reached fruition. Bissen's "Landessoldat" had
succeeded the Psyches and Hebes of the Icelander
Thorwaldsen in popular esteem, and canvases
portraying Danish home life were in high favor.
But a change was impending. BjOrnson's "Newly
Married Couple " had been enthusiastically received
at the Royal Theatre, though with misgivings in
conservative circles. Ibsen had returned to the
North from Rome somewhat mellowed by the suc-
cess of " Brand," and the Gyldendalske Boghandel
was entering upon its wider exploitation of Scandi-
navian literature. But Copenhagen's coming writer,
Georg Brandes, was still ostracized by the orthodox
for his radical views and destructive criticism.
Mr. Edmund Gosse, in his volume entitled "Two
Visits to Denmark: 1872, 1874" (Dutton), draws
from his note-books the youthful impressions which
this cultivated society of Copenhagen made upon
him. He wrote with enthusiasm and fulness at the
time, and the literary portraits sketched in his pages
have not lost in interest with the passing years.
Mirthful A good book with which the youth-
tcenetfrom ful reader of Lamb's "Tales from
Bhakeipeare. Shakespeare" might follow up his
study of the great dramatist is offered by Mr.
William A. Lawson in his "Shakespeare's Wit and
Humour" (Jacobs), a small volume collecting the
more enjoyable mirthful scenes that are scattered
through the plays. Enough of plot and situation is
in each case indicated by the compiler to give intelli-
gibility to the extracts. Also an introductory essay—
which young readers will skip, as a rule—is sup-
plied on the general subject of wit and humor as
illustrated in Shakespeare's pages. No table of con-
tents or index is provided, to show what plays have
been drawn upon; but it appears that not many
more than half of the whole number have furnished
quotable matter. Curiously enough, the "Comedy
of Errors" has contributed but a single page, while
some of the tragedies, notably "Hamlet," have been
found far richer in wit and humor. If readers,
young or old, shrink from the unabridged form of
Shakespeare's plays, such selections as this may do
them a service by opening their eyes to unsuspected
treasure. The book is handy in form and the text
has not been "doctored " except in the way of neces-
sary omissions, which are indicated by dots.
BRIEFER MENTION.
The current annual report of the City Library of
Lincoln (Nebraska) gives indication of the further ex-
tension of the county library system. "At the last ses-
sion of the legislature a measure was passed providing
for the establishment of county libraries, also fixing the
maximum levy for library purposes at three mills on
the dollar. A number of citizens of this county have


250
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
taken the matter up and are now asking that the mat-
ter be submitted to the voters of the county at the
next general election. In the event of its being carried
and the county library established, some proposition
will probably be made to this board, looking toward co-
operation in the management of the two organizations."
One would hardly say that "A Zola Dictionary"
satisfies a long-felt want, but for those who need it
Mr. J. 6. Patterson has supplied it. The volume is
published by the Messrs. Dutton, and is uniform with
the dictionaries of Dickens, Thackeray, Scott, Meredith,
Hardy, and Kipling.
Mr. Henry Frowde publishes an edition of "The
Rowley PoeniB of Thomas Chatterton,'' reprinted from
Tyrwhitt, and edited by Mr. Maurice Evan Hare. A
good modern Chatterton has long been needed, and this
one (in type facsimile) supplies the want. We find in
the bibliography no mention of Mr. C. E. Russell's work
— one of the most important of recent years.
The Chautauqua books for home rending during the
coming year include a reprint of Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick's
delightful "Home Life in Germany," and three new
books prepared for this course, as follows: "Social
Progress in Contemporary Europe," by Mr. Frederic
Austin Ogg; "Mornings with Masters of Art," by Mr.
H. H. Powers; and "The Spirit of French Letters," by
Miss Mabell S. C. Smith.
"The Story of the Ancient Nations," by Professor
William L. Westermann, is published by the Messrs.
Appleton in their series of " Twentieth Century Text-
Books." A great amount of new material for the his-
tory of the ancient world has come to light of recent
years — probably more than for any other section of
history — and this the author has sought to make avail-
able for high school uses. He has made an admirable
text-book, equipped with all the needful apparatus.
To Professor Walter C. Bronson's four volumes of'
"English Poems," a volume of "American Poems,
1625-1892 " is now added, published by the University
of Chicago Press. The volume presents a great quan-
tity of material in chronological arrangement, and is
supplied with copious notes and bibliographies. The
resources of the special collections of Brown University
have supplied the editor with the best authorities for
accurate texts, and have made possible the widest range
of selections.
"British Poems'" (Scribner), edited by Dr. Percy
Adams Hutchison, is an anthology of non-dramatic verse
from Chaucer to Mr. Kipling. It is unburdened by
notes, and, with few exceptions, the pieces included are
given in their entirety. The selection seems judicious,
and the amount of matter presented is considerable —
equalling perhaps the two series of " The Golden Treas-
ury." Much pains have been taken with the texts, and
the rich resources of the Harvard library have been at
the service of the editor.
A reaction from the present sordid commercialism in
industrial fields is foretold by Professor Alvin S. John-
son, of the Economics department of Cornell University,
in a Phi Beta Kappa address delivered by him at Stan-
ford University last May, and now issued by the Chapter
in pamphlet form. It is a hopeful and well-reasoned
paper. "Much of the power of commercialism," he
says, " is the product of transitory historical conditions,
and must pass away." Moral and (esthetic values, do
less than material ones, are essential to the evolution of
the industry of the future; and poetry and philosophy
and painting will " take their place alongside of indus-
try in the every-day service of man." Workers in the
higher fields will have a large part in the new industrial
development, by furnishing it with standards and ideals.
"Architects and sculptors, painters and poets, can trans-
form social man and society into values capable of dom-
inating industry." Professor Johnson's paper is so
inspiring and suggestive that it might well be elaborated
into a volume.
In connection with the seventy-fifth anniversary of
the founding of the Mount Holyoke College there has
been published at the Riverside Press " A Mount Hol-
yoke Book of Prose and Verse," edited by Miss E. C.
Porter and Miss F. L. Warner. It is a selection from
undergraduate manuscript of the past twenty odd years
and "was undertaken to show the best of what Mount
Holyoke girls have written." The editors add: "Once
the manuscript was got together it proved to be a far
more interesting thing, a sort of footnote to college his-
tory, alive with the successive interests of the different
years and shaped as the college has been shaped." The
volume is pleasant reading and creditable to the methods
and ideals of the school from which it comes.
A copy of "Newark in the Public Schools of
Newark," by Mr. J. Wilmer Kennedy, Assistant Super-
intendent of Schools, has come to us, and deserves hearty
commendation for its combined instructiveness and read-
ability. It is described on the title-page as " a course
of study on Newark, its geography, civics and history,
with biographical sketches and a reference index." Nu-
merous illustrations are inserted, and the whole makes
an attractive volume of more than two hundred pages.
Especially interesting to general readers is the section
devoted to " Literary Landmarks of Newark," a chap-
ter richer in distinguished names and precious associa-
tions than many would have suspected. Newark appears
to be the leader, and a most energetic one, in introduc-
ing into its public schools this thorough and systematic
study of its own history, topography, and institutions.
A pamphlet by the Newark librarian, Mr. John Cotton
Dana, on "The Study of a City in the Schools of that
City," reprinted from "The Pedagogical Seminary,"
gives significant facts and details regarding this praise-
worthy movement on the part of the Newark educators,
a movement in which we surmise Mr. Dana himself has
played no unimportant part.
The second volume of Lescarbot's " History of New
France," as reprinted by the Champlain Society of
Toronto, with the original text, an English translation,
and notes and appendices by Professor W. L. Grant of
Queen's University, Kingston, Canada, contains Books
III. and IV. of the History, describing the voyages of
Jacques Cartier, Roberval, La Roche, and Champlain
to the Gulf and River St. Lawrence; and those of
De Nouts and Poutrincourt to the Bay of Fundy. As
Lescarbot himself was a member of the expedition of
1606, and took an active part in all the affairs of the
little settlement at Port Royal, the Fourth Book of his
History is of particular interest. He not only gives us,
from personal knowledge, the romantic story of this
pioneer settlement in what now constitutes the Maritime
Provinces of Canada, but he adds many characteristically
shrewd and acute comments on the character of his
companions, and of Membertou, sagamore of the Mic-
macs, aud his savage allies. Professor Grant's discrimi-
nating editorial work, which formed so admirable a
feature of the first volume, is equally praiseworthy here.
Volume III., completing the History, is expected to be
published before the closing of the year.


1912.]
251
THE DIAL
Notes.
"Types of Men " is the title of Mr. G. K. Chesterton's
new volume of essays, soon to be published by Messrs.
Dodd, Mead & Co.
Another of Mr. Hilaire Belloc's entertaining collec-
tions of essays will appear shortly under the title, " This
and That and the Other."
"The Sea Trader: His Friends and Enemies," by
Mr. David Hannay, is a forthcoming publication, not
previously announced, of Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.'s.
Miss Mary E. Waller's "A Daughter of the Rich"
will appear shortly in both Norwegian and Danish trans-
lations, from the publishing house of Cammermeyers,
Christiana.
Miss Anna Preston, a young Canadian writer, is the
author of " The Record of a Silent Life," purporting to
be the autobiography of a woman born dumb, which Mr.
B. W. Huebsch will publish this month.
Mrs. Frances Kinsley Hutchinson, author of "Our
Country Home," has written a supplementary volume
entitled " Our Country Life," to be published shortly
with numerous illustrations by Messrs. A. C. McClurg
& Co.
Two additions to Messrs. Holt's autumn list are the
following: "Trails, Trappers, and Tenderfeet," an ac-
count of adventure in the Canadian Northwest, by Mr.
Stanley Washburn; and "My Dog and I," written and
illustrated by Mr. Gerald Sidney.
"Uriel and Other Poems of Commemoration," by
Mr. Percy MacKaye, is announced by Messrs. Houghton
Mifflin Co. Two other volumes of verse to be issued
during the autumn by the same publishers are "Villa
Mirafiore " by Mr. Frederic Crowninshield, and " Poems
by Frederic and Mary Palmer."
We are glad to note that the two fine addresses on
Charles Eliot Norton, by Dr. Edward W. Emerson and
Mr. William F. Harrison, originally delivered before
the Archaeological Institute of America and later pub-
lished in the Bulletin of that society, are soon to be re-
printed in book form by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co.
A volume of poems of the great Magyar poet Alex-
ander Petofi will be published immediately by the
Hungarian Literary Society of New York City. The
translator is Mr. William N. Loew and the proceeds of
the sale of the volume will be dovoted to a fund for a
statue of Petofi to be erected by the Hungarians of
New York City in one of the city's parks.
A new work by Mr. Frederic Harrison, on "The
Positive Evolution of Religion," will appear shortly.
Mr. Harrison here attempts a systematic study of the
entire religious problem. Beginning with Nature Wor-
ship, and going on to Polytheism, Catholicism, Protest-
antism, and Deism, he estimates the moral and social
reaction of the various forms which religious belief has
assumed.
Some forthcoming English biographical works of
importance, not yet announced on this side, include a
Life of Walter Bagehot, by Mrs. Russell Barrington;
"Our Book of Memories," by Mrs. Campbell Praed
and the late Justin McCarthy; a volume of "Further
Reminiscences of H. M. Hyndman," dealing with his
life since 1889; and "My Own Times," a new volume
of Lady Dorothy Nevill's delightful gossip.
"Men, Women, and Minxes " is the title of a miscel-
lany of biographical and other sketches, written by
Mrs. Andrew Lang, and to be published next month by
Messrs. Longmans. The contents are varied and attract-
ive, among the topics being "The Fairchild Family
and their Creator," " Morals and Manners in Richard-
son," "Pitfalls for Collectors," "Two Centuries of
American Women," and "Poets as Landscape Painters."
A monthly journal devoted to the cause of Philippine
independence has recently been established under the
editorship of Hon. Manuel L. Quezon, Resident Com-
missioner from the Philippines. "The Filipino People,"
as the new publication is called, will aim to give the
American people authoritative information about this
vitally important public question — a question usually
ignored or misrepresented in our own press. Its pub-
lication office is in Washington.
An important autumn publication, not previously
announced, is a translation from the Swedish of Gustaf
Janson's " Lognerna," to be published by Messrs. Little,
Brown & Co. uuder the title, " Pride of War." While
dealing specifically with the Turko-Italian war in Tripoli,
it forms an indictment of war in general which, judging
from the comments and quotations of English reviewers,
must be even more powerful and convincing than the
Baroness von Suttner's famous novel, " Ground Arms!"
Spenser, Coleridge, Lowell, and Browning's "The
Ring and the Book" are about to be added to the Ox-
ford Poets, which will be further enriched by a volume
of the collected works of a living poet— Mr. Robert
Bridges. All these will also be issued in the cheaper
"Oxford Standard Classics," and in this series will ap-
pear Kingsley's " Here ward the Wake," Adam Lindsay
Gordon's poems, and " The Pageant of English Prose,"
edited with notes by Mr. R. M. Leonard, who compiled
the companion volume —" The Pageant of English
Poetry."
A notable group of books dealing with various phases
of the current feminist movement will constitute an
important feature of the autumn publishing season.
The titles and authors of these books are as follows:
"The Woman Movement," translated from the Swedish
of Ellen Key; "The Business of Being a Woman," by
Miss Ida M. Tarbell; "Why Women Are So," by Mrs.
Mary Roberts Coolidge; "Woman in the Making of
America," by Mr. H. Addington Bruce; "Woman in
Modern Society," by Professor Earl Barnes; "The
Advance of Women," by Mrs. Johnstone Christie; and
"Women in Italy," by Mr. W. B. Boulton.
The second annual meeting of the National Council
of Teachers of English will be held in Chicago, November
28,1912. The principal topics to be discussed are as
follows: Grammatical Nomenclature, Types of Organi-
zation of High School English, Books for Voluntary
Reading, Dramatic Work, Material Equipment, Oral
Composition in College, Relation of Public Speaking to
other Exercises, Relation of Grammar and Composition,
Required English Courses in Normal Schools. Action
will be taken with regard to a national syllabus and with
regard to measures for relieving teachers who are over-
burdened with written work. The Council has eight
committees at work, all of which are national in scope,
and the meeting will bring together the leaders in
English teaching, in both school and college, from all
sections.
"The Century Magazine " has in preparation a series
of "after-the-war" articles, dealing with great events
in American progress during the half-century following
the Civil War. This series will begin in the Novem-
ber number of the magazine with a narrative of " The


252
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
Humor and Tragedy of the Greeley Campaign," by
Colonel Henry Watterson, editor of the Louisville
"Courier-Journal." Following articles in the series
will deal with the cause of Andrew Johnson's impeach-
ment, Cleveland's triumph over Blaine, " the aftermath
of reconstruction," " Uncle Sam's bargain in Alaska,"
the return to hard money, etc., etc., and the contribu-
tors will include General Harrison Gray Otis of the Los
Angeles "Times," Mr. Melville E. Stone of the Asso-
ciated Press, Mr. Clark Howell of the Atlanta "Con-
stitution," Mr. Charles A. Conant, formerly of the New
York "Journal of Commerce," and other equally well-
known authorities.
About the first of this month Professor Eugen Kiih-
uemann of Breslau, Carl Schurz Professor at the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, will begin lecturing at Madison,
holding two regular courses (one on Goethe's " Faust,"
the other on " Modern German Drama "), and conduct-
ing exercises in literary criticism for advanced students.
Professor Kiihnemann has visited America several times,
and has made a particularly vivid impression as an elo-
quent orator, as well as a stimulating thinker. Occupy-
ing the chair of philosophy at Breslau, he has paid
especial attention to the relations between philosophy
and literature, and the bearing of literature upou the
cultural problems of the race. His biography of Herder
and his work upon Schiller are written from this point
of view. During his term of work at Madison he will
lecture at Milwaukee and elsewhere in the state, and
will also speak at some of the other important centres of
the middle west. In February he expects to visit the
Pacific coast.
Among the works of general interest appearing on
the revised announcement list of the Oxford Univer-
sity Press, besides those noted in our last issue, are the
following: "Four Stages of Greek Religion," by Dr.
Gilbert Murray; "French Classical Drama," by Miss
Eleanor Jourdain; "Keble's Lectures on Poetry," trans-
lated by Mr. E. K. Francis; Med win's Life of Shelley,
edited, with introduction and notes, by Mr. H. Buxton
Forman; "The Oxford Book of Latin Verse," chosen
and edited by Mr. H. W. Garrod; "The Science of
Etymology," by Dr. W. W. Skeat; "Essays and Studies
by Members of the English Association," Vol. III.,
collected by Dr. W. P. Ker; "A Companion to Roman
History," by Mr. H. Stuart Jones; "The Ability to
Converse," by Mr. S. M. Bligh; "A Concordance to
Petrarch," by Mr. K. Mackenzie; "A Concordance to
Dante's Latin Works," by Messrs. E. K. Rand and E. H.
Wilkins; "The Works of George Savile, Marquess of
Halifax," edited by Sir Walter Raleigh; « The Poems
and Masks of Aurelian Townshend," edited by Mr. E.
K. Chambers; and, in the "Oxford Library of Prose
and Poetry," Morgann's "Essay on the Character of
Sir John Falstaff," with Introduction by W. A. Gill,
"Tosa Nikki: The Diary of a Japanese Nobleman
Written in 935," translated by W. N. Porter, and a
verbatim reprint of the 1842 edition of Tennyson's
Poems.
Topics in Leading Pekioijicai.s.
October, 1912.
Bashkirtseff, Marie. Gwendolen Overton . . . Forum.
Beef. Frank Parker Stockbridge . . . World's Work.
Berliner, Dr., Master Inventor. Wells F.
Harvey World's Work.
Business, The Ethics of. Roland G. Usher . . Atlantic.
Business Man, The Tired. Meredith Nicholson . Atlantic.
Child, the Helpless, Help for. C. R. Hender-
son World's Work.
College, The Purpose of. Joseph Schafer. Rev. of Reviews.
Confederacy, Sunset of the — VIII. M. Schaff . Atlantic.
Congress, The Work of. Judson C. WelHver. Rev. of Revs.
Convention, The Presidential. Andrew D. White. McClure.
DeutschesMuseum,The, inMnnich* H.S.Williams. Century.
Double Eagles, The Mystery of the. A. B. Reeve. McClure.
Dreams and Forgetting. Edwin T. Brewster . McClure.
Drug-Taker, The, and the Physician. C. B. Towns. Century.
Education and Art in the United States. A.Bennett. Harper.
Election Superstitions and Fallacies. E. Stanwood. Atlantic.
Europe, The Unaccustomed Ears of. S. M. Crothers. Atlantic.
Fagan, James 0., Autobiography of Atlantic.
Farmer, The Passing of the. Roy H. Holmes . . Atlantic.
Feminism, A New Prophetess of. F. M. Bjorkman. Forum.
Florida, The Everglades of. Thomas E. Will. Rev. of Revs.
France, The Trade of. James D. Whelpley . . Century.
French, The, in the Heart of America. J. Finley. Scribner.
French Plays—Why They Seem Daring. Madame
Simone Casimir-Perier McClure.
Freshman Son, A Father to His. E. S. Martin . Atlantic.
Fur-Harvesters, The. F. E. Schoonover .... Harper.
Gilbert, Sir W. S., author of " Pinafore." R. Grey. Century.
Good Old Times, The. Lyman B. Stowe. World's Work.
Gregory, Lady, and the Lore of Ireland. K. Bregy. Forum.
Inca Capital, A Search for the Last. H. Bingham. Harper.
Investors'Viewpoint, The. Arthur H. Gleason. Rev. of Revs.
Irish Question, A Glance at the. Sydney Brooks. Century.
Irrigation— How It Is Making Good. Agnes C.
Laut Review of Reviews.
Japanese Color Prints. William L. Keane . . . Century.
Johnson, Lionel, The Art of. Milton Bronner Bookman
"Kim," Across India With. E. A. Forbes. World's Work.
Literature, American, The Cowardice of. Hanna
A. Larsen Forum.
Loti, The Personal. Stuart Henry Bookman.
Man, A Defence of. May Sinclair Forum.
Marshall, Thomas Riley. William B. Hale. World's Work.
Memories, Some Early—II. Henry Cabot Lodge. Scribner.
Meredith, George, Letters of — III Scribner.
Mexico, The Prospect for. Forbes Lindsay Lippincott.
Motherliness. Ellen Key Atlantic.
Novelist's Choice, The. Elisabeth Woodbridge. Atlantic.
Old Age, Disappearance of. Lillie H. French . Century.
Painting, Two Ways of. Kenyon Cox .... Scribner.
Panama and the Parallels of Latitude. C. W.
Williams Review of Reviews.
Playwright, The, and the Box Office. David Belasco. Century.
Poverty, The Abolition of. J. H. Hollander . . Atlantic.
President, Pursuing the. George K. Turner . . McClure.
Primary, The Direct. Arthur W. Dunn . . Rev. of Revs.
Public Utilities, How the Investment Banker
Investigates. Edward S. Meade .... Lippincott.
Publicity, Art in. Louis Baury Bookman.
Railroading, High Cost of. B. F. Yoakum. World's Work.
Reading Zones in the U. S. Grace I. Colbron . Bookman.
Roads, Good, Profit of. L. W. Page . . World's Work.
Roads, The Best, at Least Cost. J. E.
Pennybacker World's Work.
Roads Worth $36,000,000. L. I. Hewes . World's Work.
Socialism and Its Menace: The Views of
President Taft Century.
Stamping Machine vs. Postage Stamp. W. B. G.
Wanklyn Review of Reviews.
Terminal, The Modern. W. S. Richardson . . Scrifcner.
Tunisian Desert, In the. Louise C. Hale . . . Harper.
Twain, Mark — XII. Albert Bigelow Paine . . Harper.
Venetian Nights. Elizabeth R. Pennell .... Atlantic.
Walker, Tom, The Devil and. J. W. Churoh
and Carlyle Ellis World's Work.
Whistler, The Triumph of. Joseph Pennell . Bookman.
Whittier Poems, The New. Walter Jerrold . . Bookman.
Woman and the State. Anna G. Spencer .... Forum.
Women —I. Mabel P. Daggett .... Worlds'Work.


THE
DIAL
Announcements of Fall, Books.
The length of The Dial's annual list of books
announced for Fall publication, contained in our last
(Sept. 16) issue, made it necessary to carry over to
the present number the following entries, comprising
the full list of Text-Books and Juvenile announce-
ments of the season.
Books for School and College.
The Calculus, by Ellery William Davis, assisted by
William Charles Brenke, with the editorial coopera-
tion of Earle Raymond Hedrick.—Mineralogy, by
Alexander Hamilton Phillips.—A College Textbook
of Quantitative Analysis, by Herbert R. Moody.—
A Laboratory Manual for Dietetics, by Mrs. M. S.
Rose.—Electric Lighting, by William Suddards
Franklin, $2.50.—The Essentials of International
Public Law, by Amos Shartle Hershey.—Public
Speaking, Principles and Practice, by I. L. Winter.
—Thought Building in Composition, by Robert W.
Neal.—The Art and Business of Story Writing, by
W. B. Pitkin.—Representative English Comedies,
Vol. n., The Later Contemporaries of Shakespeare,
by Charles Mills Gayley.—Teachers' Manual of Bi-
ology, by M. A. and A. N. Bigelow.—Alternating
Currents and Alternating Current Machinery, by
Dugald C. Jackson and John Price Jackson, new
edition.—Elementary Biology, by James Edward
Peabody and Arthur Ellsworth Hunt, Part I.,
Plants, Part H., Animals and Human.—Manual of
Chemistry, by William Conger Morgan and James
A. Lyman.—Applied Arithmetic, by E. L. Thurs-
ton.—A First Book in German, by E. W. Bagster-
Collins.—A Source Book in Ancient History, by
George Willis Botsford and Lillie Shaw Botsford.—
The Elements of Musical Theory, arranged and
compiled by Edward J. A. Zeiner.—A Song Gar-
land, compiled by J. S. Joannes.—The Golden Rule
Series, a series of supplementary readers, by E.
Hershey Sneath, George Hodges, and Edward Law-
rence Stevens.—Principles of Agriculture, by C. A.
Stebbins.—The Continents and Their People, by
James Franklin Chamberlain and Arthur Henry
Chamberlain, new vol.: Asia.—European Founda-
tions of American History, by William L. Nida.—
Stories of Greek and Roman Gods and Heroes, by
Emilie Kip Baker.—Everychild's Series, new vols.:
A Fairy Book, by Kate Forest Oswell; Stories
Grandmother Told, by Kate Forest Oswell.—When
We Were Wee, by Martha Young.—Great Opera
Stories, by Mrs. Millicent S. Bender.—Historical
Plays, by Grace E. Bird and Maud Starling.—Non-
sense Dialogues, by Mrs. E. E. K. Warner. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Capitalization, a book on corporation finance, by
Walter H. Lyon, $2. net.—A Text-Book of Design,
by Charles F. Kelley and William L. Mowll, illus.—
Readings in American Constitutional History, se-
lected and edited by Allen Johnson.—Word Mas-
tery, a course in phonetics for primary grades, by
Florence Akin, illus.—English for Foreigners, book
II., by Sara R. O'Brien, illus.—The Riverside Read-
ers, edited by James H. Van Sickle and Wilhel-
mina Seegmiller, assisted bv Frances Jenkins:
Primer, illus. by Ruth Mary Bollock, 30 cts. net;
First Reader, illus. by Maginel Wright Enright, 35
cts. net; Second Reader, illus. by Clara E. Atwood,
40 cts. net; Third Reader, illus. by Ruth Mary Hal-
lock, 50 cts. net; Fourth Reader, illus. by Lucy
Fitch Perkins, 55 cts. net; Fifth Reader, illus. by
Lucy Fitch Perkins, 55 cts. net.—The Woods
Hutchinson Health Series, bv Woods Hutchinson,
first vols.: Book I., The Child's Day, illus.. 40 cts.
net; Book II., A Handbook of .Health, illus.. 6"> cts.
net.—Riverside Literature Series, new vols.: Ralph
Roister Doister, edited, with introduction and
notes, by Clarence G. Child, 30 cts. net; Gorboduc,
edited, with introduction and notes, by Clarence G.
Child; Le Morte d'Arthur, a Middle English met-
rical romance, edited by Samuel B. Hemingway, 30
cts. net.-—Speeches by Macaulay and Lincoln, ed-
ited, with introduction and notes, by Edwin L.
Miller; Selected Essays, the college entrance re-
quirements in Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper,
Burns, Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley, edited and
arranged by Charles S. Thomas; Selections from
Bret Harte's Poems and Stories, edited and ar-
ranged, with introduction and notes, by Charles S.
Thomas, 15 cts. net; Southern Poems, edited and
arranged, with introduction and notes, by Charles
W. Kent; Life of Christopher Columbus for Boys
and Girls, by Charles W. Moores, illus., 15 cts. net.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
British Poems, from "Canterbury Tales" to "Reces-
sional," compiled by Percy A. Hutchison.—Essen-
tials of English Composition, by James W. Linn.—
Illustrative Examples of English Composition, by
James W. Linn.—American Beginnings in Europe,
by Wilbur F. Gordy.—Short Stories for Oral
French, by Anna Woods Ballard.—The Howe Read-
ers by Grades, an eight-book series.—American
Readers, books seven and eight, by Myron T.
Pritchard.—The World's Waste Places, a geograph-
ical reader, by J. C. Gilson.—A History of the An-
cient World, by George S. Goodspeed, revised by
W. S. Ferguson and S. P. R. Chadwick. (Charles
Scribner's Sons.)
English Fiction, from the Fifth to the Twentieth
Century, by Carl Holliday, $1.50 net.—Source Book
in Economics, by Frank A. Fetter.—The Elements
of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, by Julius Stieg-
litz, Vol. I., Theoretical, $1.40 net. Vol. II., Labora-
tory Manual, $1.20 net.—Theoretical and Physical
Chemistry, by S. Lawrence Bigelow, $3. net.—Eng-
lish Composition and Style, by William T. Brews-
ter, $1.35 net.—The American Republic, by S. E.
Forman, illus., $1.10 net.—Century Readings in
United States History, 6 vols., illus., each 50 cts.
net—Famous Pictures, by Charles L Barstow, illus.,
60 cts. net. (Century Co.)
Essentials in Journalism, by Harry Franklin Har-
rington and Theodore T. Frankenberg.—The Mak-
ing of Arguments, by John Hays Gardner.—British
and American Eloquence, by Robert I. Fulton and
Thomas C. Trueblood.—A Dramatic Version of
Greek Myths and Hero Tales, grades 6 to 8. by
Fanny Comstock.—Quaint Old Stories to Read and
Act, by Marion Florence Lansing.—Heimatlos, by
Johanna Spyri, translated from the German by
Emma Stelter Hopkins.—CyHs New Primer, illus.
—Guide to the Study and Reading of American
History, by Edward Channing, Albert Bushnell
Hart, and Frederick Jackson Turner, revised edi-
tion. (Ginn & Co.)
Carlylc's Heroes and Hero Worship, edited by H. S.
Murch.—Old English Ballads, edited for grammar
school grades, by John A. Long, illus.—Shakes-
peare's Romeo and Juliet, in the Arden series,
edited by Robert A. Law.—Ben Jonson's Poetaster
and Satiromastix, edited by J. H. Penniman.—
Frenssen's Jorn Uhl, edited by K. D. Jessen and W.
W. Florer.—Moliere en Recits. Chapuzet and Dan-
iels.—Dante's Divinia Commedia, Vol. III., Paradise,
by C. H. Grandgent.—Loti's Roman d'un Enfant,
edited by Professor Whittemore.—Prose Specimens
for the Study of College Classes in Composition, by
Professors Duncan, Heck, and Graves.—Middle Eng-
lish Humorous Tales in Verse, edited by George H.
MeKnight.—Selected Speeches and Addresses of


254
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
Abraham Lincoln, edited by Leon C. Prince and
Lewis H. Chrisman.—A History of England for
Secondary Schools, by Allen C. Thomas.—Raabe's
Eulenpfingsten, edited by M. B. Lambert.—Deutsche
Gedichte und Lieder, edited by E. C. Roedder and
C. M. Purin.—Declension of German Nouns, by F.
E. Hastings and M. L. Perrin.—Rogge's Der grosse
Preussenkonig, edited by W. A. Adams.—Elemen-
tarbuch der deutschen Sprache, by A. Werner-
Spanhoofd.—Chamisso's Peter Schlemihl, with vo-
cabulary.—A Shorter French Course, by W. H.
Fraser and J. Squair.—Substitute English Exer-
cises for Part I. of Fraser and Squair's French
Grammar.—Ingraham-Edgren Spanish Grammar,
by E. S. Ingraham.—Italian Short Stories, by E.
H. Wilkins and R. Altrocchi.—New High School
Algebra, by Webster Wells and Walter W. Hart.—
Civics in Simple Lessons for Foreigners, by Anna
A. Plass.—Plant and Animal Children and How
They Grow, by Ellen Torelle — Stories of Plant
Life, for second year classes, by Florence Bass, re-
vised and newly illus.—Anglo-Saxon Riddles,edited
by A. J. Wyatt. (D. C. Heath & Co.)
Questions on Shakespeare, a plan of study in-
tended to develop the student's personal judgment
on Shakespeare, by Albert H. Tolman; Part L, In-
troduction, 75 eta. net; Part II., $1. net; or ques-
tions on the separate plays in pamphlet form, 15
cts. each. (University of Chicago Press.)
Teacher's Companion to the School History of Eng-
land, by C. R. L. Fletcher. (Oxford University
Press.)
Books foe the Young.
'Twas the Night before Christmas, by Clement C.
Moore, illus. in color by Jessie Willcox Smith, $1.
net.—The Seashore Book, by E. Boyd Smith, illus.
in color by the author, $1.50 net.—Billy Popgun,
by Milo Winter, illus. in color by the author, $2.
net.—The Castle of Zion, stories from the New
Testament, by George Hodges, D.D., illus., $1.50
net.—The Best Stories to Tell to Children, by Sara
<'one Bryant, illus. in color by Patten Wilson, $2.
net.—The Japanese Twins, by Lucy Fitch Perkins,
illus. by the author, $1. net.—The Children's Own
Longfellow, illus. in color, $1.25 net.—The Turkey
Doll, by Josephine Scribner Gates, illus. in color, 75
-cts. net.—With the Indians in the Rockies, by J.
W. Schultz, illuB., $1.25 net.—The Camp at Sea-
Duck Cove, by Ellery H. Clark, illus., $1.25 net.—
The Young Minute-Man of 1812, by Everett T.
Tomlinson, illus., $1.50.—Their City Christmas, by
Abbie Farwell Brown, illus., 75 cts. net.—How Eng-
land Grew Up, by Jessie Pope, illus. in color, 75
cts. net.—Winter, a nature reader, by Dallas Lore
Sharp, illus., 60 cts. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Little Women, by Louisa M. Alcott, players' edition,
with twelve illustrations from scenes in the play,
$1.50 net.—Buddie at Gray Buttes Camp, by Anna
Chapin Ray, illus., $1.50.—Ned Brewster's Year in
the Big Woods, by Chauncey J. Hawkins, illus.,
$1.20 net.—Donald Kirk, the Morning Record Copy-
Boy, by Edward Mott Woolley, illus., $1.20 net.—
Dave Morrell's Battery, by Hollis Godfrey, illus.,
$1.25.—The Fourth Down, by Leslie W. Quirk,
illus., $1.20 net.—The Boys' Parkman, selections
from the historical works of Francis Parkman,
compiled by Louise S. Hasbrouck, with a life of
Parkman and notes, illus., $1. net.—The Wonder-
workers, by Mary H. Wade, illus., $1. net.—Hen-
ley's American Captain, by Frank E. Channon,
illus., $1.50.—Curiosity Kate, by Florence Bone,
illus., $1.20 net—The Fir-Tree Fairy Book, favor-
ite fairy tales, edited by Clifton Johnson, illus.,
$1.50.—In the Green Forest, by Katherine Pyle,
new edition, illus., $1.20 net.—The Young Crusad-
ers at Washington, by George P. Atwater, illus.,
$1.50—Folk Tales of East and West, by John
Harrington Cox, $1. net.—Mother West Wind's
Animal Friends, by Thornton W. Burgess, illus.,
$1.—The Boys of Marmiton Prairie, by Gertrude
Smith, new edition, illus., $1. net.—When Christ-
mas Came too Early, by Mabel Fuller Blodgett,
illus. in color, 75 cts. net.—The English History
Story-Book, by Albert F. Blaisdell and Francis K.
Ball," illus., 75 cts. net.—Cherry-Tree Children, by
Mary Frances Blaisdell, illus. in color, 60 cts.—
Little People Everywhere, by Etta Blaisdell Mc-
Donald and Julia Dairymple, new vols.: Donald in
Scotland; Josefa in Spain; each illus. in color, etc.,
60 cts.—Children of History, from Romulus to Olaf
the Brave, by Mary S. Hancock, illus. in color, etc.,
60 cts. net.—Children of History, from William of
Normandy to Florence Nightingale, by Mary S.
Hancock, illus. in color, etc., 60 cts. net.—The Bun-
nikins-Bunnies and the Moon King, by Edith B.
Davidson, illus. in color, etc., 50 cts. net. (Little,
Brown & Co.)
Christmas Tales and Christmas Verse, by Eugene
Field, illus. in color, etc., by Florence Storer, $1.50
net.—The Sampo, hero adventures from the Fin-
nish Kalevala, by James Baldwin, illus. in color by
N. C. Wyeth, $2. net.—Dickens's Children, illus. in
color by Jessie Willcox Smith, $1. net.—Campus
Days, by Ralph D. Paine, illus., $1.50.—The Moun-
tain Divide, by Frank H. Spearman, illus., $1.25
net.—The Dragon and the Cross, by Ralph D.
Paine.illus., $1.25.—True Tales of Arctic Heroism
in the New World, by Major-General A. W. Greely,
illus., $1.50 net.—The Hallowell Partnership, by
Katharine Holland Brown, $1. net. (Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.)
The Boy With the U. S. Fisheries, by Francis Rolt-
Wheeler, illus., $1.50.—Four Boys on Pike's Peak,
by E. T. Tomlinson, illus., $1.50.—For Old Don-
chester, or Archie Hartley's Second Term, by
Arthur Duffy, illus., $1.25.—John and Betty's
Scotch History Visit, by Margaret Williamson,
illus., $1.25.—Hester's Wage-Earning, by Jean K.
Baird, illus., $1.25.—Jean Cabot at Ashton, by Ger-
trude Fisher Scott, illus., $1. net.—Little Queen
Esther, by Nina Rhoades, illus., $1.—Dorothy
Dainty's Holidays, by Amy Brooks, illus., $1.—
Nobody's Rose, or The Girlhood of Rose Shannon,
by Adele E. Thompson, illus., $1. net.—The Air-
craft Boys of Lakeport, or Rivals of the Clouds, by
Edward Stratemeyer, illus., $1.25.—Mr. Responsi-
bility, Partner, or How Bobby and Joe Achieved
Success in Business, by Clarence Johnson Messer,
illus., $1. net.—Next-Night Stories, by Clarence
Johnson Messer, illus., $1. net. (Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co.)
Change Signals! by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus. in
color, $1.50.—Captain of the Nine, by William Hey-
liger, illus., $1.25.—Quarterback Reckless, by Haw-
ley Williams, illus. in color, $1.25.—Batter Up! by
Hawley Williams, illus. in color, $1.25.—The Texan
Star, by Joseph A. Altsheler, illus. in color, $1.50.—
Rifle and Caravan, by James Barnes, illus. in color,
$1.50.—The Fortunes of Phoebe, by Ellen Douglas
Deland, illus. in color, $1.50.—Helen Ormeshy, by
Belle Moses, illus. in color, $1.50.—The Gentle In-
terference of Bab, by Agnes McClelland Daulton,
illus., $1.50.—Nora-Square-Accounts, by Fanny L.
McKinney, illus. in color, $1.50. (D. Appleton &
Co.)
Mary Ware's Promised Land, by Annie Fellows
Johnston, illus., $1.50.—Alys in Happyland, by
Una Macdonald, illus., $1.50.—The Young Appren-
tice, or Allan West's Chum, by Burton E. Steven-
son, illus., $1.50.—Jack Lorimer, Freshman, by


1912.]
THE DIAL
Winn Standish, illus., $1.50.—The Pioneer Boys on
the Great Lakes, or On the Trail of the Iroquois,
by Harrison Adams, illus., $1.25.—Little Colonel
Series, by Annie Fellows Johnston, holiday edi-
tions, new titles: Two Little Knights of Ken-
tucky; The Giant Scissors; Big Brother; each illus.
in color, etc., $1.25.—Jewel Series, by Annie Fel-
lows Johnston, new edition, comprising: Three
Weavers; In the Desert of Waiting; The Jester's
Sword; each $1. net. (L. C. Page & Co.)
Crofton Chums, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.25
net.—The Lucky Sixpence, by Emile Benson Knipe
and Arthur Alden Knipe, illus., $1.25 net.—The
Knights of the Golden Spur, by Rupert Sargent
Holland, illus., $1.25 net—The Lady of the Lane,
by Frederic Orin Bartlett, illus., $1.25 net.—Sue
Jane, by Maria T. Daviess, illus., $1.25 net.—Ja-
taka Tales, India folk-lore tales, retold by Ellen C.
Babbitt, illus., $1. net.—Bound Volumes of St.
Nicholas, the 12 monthly numbers for 1912, in 2
vols., illus., per set $4. net. (Century Co.)
Nancy Lee, by Margaret Warde, $1.20 net.—Glenloch
Girls at Camp West, by Grace M. Remick, $1.25.—
A Little Princess of the Rio Grande, by Aileen
Cleveland Higgins, $1.25.—Peggy Owen and Lib-
erty, by Lucy Foster Madison, $1.25.—The Young
Continentals at Monmouth, by John T. MclntyTe,
$1.25.—Roger Paulding, Gunner's Mate, by Edward
L. Beach, $1.20 net.—An Army Bov in Pekin, by
C. E. Kilbourne, $1.20 net.—Helen *Over-the-Wall,
by Beth Bradford Gilchrist, $1.20 net.—A Junior
Co-Ed, by Alice Louise Lee, $1.20 net.—Faith
Palmer at the Oaks, by Lazelle T. Woolley, $1. net.
—The Boy Scouts of Woodcraft Camp, by Thorn-
ton W. Burgess, $1. net.—The Industrial Series,
new vols.: The Story of Lumber, by Sara Ware
Bassett; The Story of Iron and Steel, by Elizabeth
I. Samuel; each illus., 75 ctB. net.—Grandpa's
Little Girls Grown Up, by Alice Turner Curtis,
illus., $1.—Marjorie in the Sunny South, by Alice
Turner Curtis, illus., $1.—The Little Runaways at
Home, by Alice Turner Curtis, illus., $1.—The Ad-
miral's Little Companion, by Elizabeth Lincoln
Gould, illus., $1.—Polly Prentiss Goes to School, by
Elizabeth Lincoln Gould, illus., $1. (Penn Publish-
ing Co.)
Two Young Americans, by Barbara Yechton, illus.,
$1.50.—Young People's Story of American Litera-
ture, by Ida Prentice Whitcomb, illus., $1.50 net.—
Patty's Butterfly Days, by Carolyn Wells, illus.,
$1.25.—Marjorie at Seacote, by Carolyn Wells,
illus., $1.25.—Kitty Love, by Anna Alice Chapin,
illus., $1.25.—Bob Dashaway, Treasure Hunter, a
story of adventure in the strange South Seas, by
Cyrus Townsend Brady, illus., $1.25.—The Magic
Fishbone, a holiday romance from the pen of Miss
Alice Rainbird, aged seven, by Charles Dickens,
illus. in color, etc., by S. Beatrice Pearse, 60 cts.
net.—The Little Fairy Envelope Books, first vols.:
The Pansy Fairy Book; The Daisy Fairy Book;
The Rosebud Fairy Book; The Violet Fairy Book;
each illus., 25 cts. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Bill, the Minder, written and illus. in color, etc., by
W. Heath Robinson, $3.50 net.—Gulliver's Voyages
to Lilliput and Brobdignag, by Jonathan Swift,
illus., by P. A. Staynes, $2. net.—Sir Walter
Raleigh, by John Buchan, illus. in color, $2. net.—
Partners for Fair, by Alice Calhoun Haines, illus.,
$1.25 net.—Saints and Heroes, since the Middle
Ages, by Dean Hodges, illus., $1.35 net.—Betty-
Bide-at-Home, by Beulah Marie Dix, $1.25 net.—
The Boy Scouts of Bob's Hill, by Charles Pierce
Burton, illus., $1.25 net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Robin Hood, a new version, told for children by
Henry Gilbert, illus. in color by Walter Crane,
$2.50" net.—Fairy Tales, by Hans Andersen, illus. in
color, $2.50 net.—Nursery Rhymes, a collection of
the best "Mother Goose" rhymes, compiled by L.
Chisholm, illus. in color, $2. net.—The Boys' Book
of Modern Marvels, by C. L. J. Clarke, illus., $1.75
net.—The Story of Idylls of the King, by Inez
McFee, illus. in color by Maria L. Kirk, $2. net.—
The Sea Shore, by F. Martin Duncan, illus., $1.75
net.—Stokes' Wonder Book, illus. in color, etc.,
$1.50.—Frolic Farm, by M. and G. Parker, illus. in
color, $1.50.—Caravan Tales, retold from the Ger-
man by J. G. Hornstein, illus., $1.35 net.—Story-
Lives of Great Artists, by F. J. Rowbotham, illus.,
$1.35 net.—The English Fairy Book, by Ernest
Rhys, illus., $1.35 net.—Two Girls of Old New
Jersey, by Agnes C. Sage, illus. in color, $1.35 net.
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illus. in color, $1.35 net.—Stories from Italian His-
tory, by G. E. Troutbeck, illus., $1.30—Wonder
Tales of Old Japan, by Alan L. Whitehorn, illus.,
$1.25 net.—Boys' Make-at-Home Things, and Girls'
Make-at-Home Things, by Caroline Sherwin Bailey,
each illus., $1.25 net.—The Moving Picture Glue
Book, by A. Z. Baker, illus. in color, $1.25.—Sweet-
hearts at Home, by S. R. Crockett, illus., $1.25 net.
—Frank and Bessie's Forester, by Alice Louns-
berry, illus. in color, etc., $1.25 net.—Jim Davis, by
John Masefield, $1.25 net.—The Magic Book, by
George A. and C. A. Williams, illus. in color, $1.25.
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and the Aeroplane, by Tom Graham, illus. in color,
$1. net.—Little Miss Daphne, by Florence Hengler,
illus. in color, etc., $1. net.—Animal Stories, by
George A. and C. A. Williams, illus. in color, $1.—
The Treasure Trunk of Dollies, by George A. and
C. A. Williams, $1.—Through Europe and Egypt
with Napoleon, by H. E. Marshall, illus., 75 cts.
net.—Through Great Britain and Ireland with
Cromwell, illus., 75 cts. net.—Stories from Old Eng-
lish Romance, by Joyce Pollard, 75 cts. net.—The
Story Series, new vols.: Canada's Story; India's
Story; South Africa's Story; Australia's Story;
each illus. in color, 75 cts. net.—Bunny's Red Book,
80 cts.—Buster Brown, the Funmaker, by R. F.
Outcault, 60 cts.—Tales from the Woods and
Fields, by Gladys Davidson, illus., 50 cts.—Be Pre-
pared, by A. W. Dimock, illus., $1. net.—Piggy
Wiggy, by Grace G. Wiedersheim, illus. in color, 50
cts.—Ned the Fireman, Ned the Cowboy, and Ned
the Indian, by George A. Williams, each illus. in
color, 50 eta. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Tales from Shakespeare, by Charles and Mary Lamb
and Harrison S. Morris, new edition, 2 vols., illus.
in color, $3.50 net.—Heroes of Modern Science, by
Charles R. Gibson, illus., $1.50 net.—Adventures in
Southern Seas, by Richard Stead, illus., $1.50 net.
—With Carson and Fremont, by Edwin L. Sabin,
illus. in color, $1.25 net.—Pewee Clinton, Plebe, bv
W. O. Stevens, illus., $1.25 net.—The Boy Electri-
cians as Detectives, by Edwin J. Houston, illus. in
color, $1.25 net.—Sea Yarns, by J. Arthur Barry,
illus., $1.25 net.—The Toolhouse Club, by J. Rein-
dorp, illus., $1.50 net.—Stories from the Old, Old
Bible, by L T. Meade, illus., $1.25 net.—A Dixie
Rose in Bloom, by Augusta Kortrecht, with fron-
tispiece in color, $1.25 net.—A Bunch of Cousins
and the Barn Boys, by Laura T. Meade, illus, $1.25
net.—A City School Girl, by May Baldwin, illus. in
color, $1.25 net.—That Troublesome Dog, by Ray-
mond Jacberns, illus., $1.20 net.—Corky and I, by
A. B. Cooper, illus., $1. net—Pirate Gold, by J. R.
Hutchinson, illus, $1. net (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Big Book of Fables, by Walter Jerrold, illus. in
color, etc., by Charles Robinson, $2.50.—The World
of Animal Life, edited by Fred Smith, illus. in
color, etc., $1.50 net.—A Girl of Distinction, a tale
of the Karroo, by Bessie Marchant, illus., $1.35 net.


256
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
—Three Jovial Puppies, a book of pictures and
rhymes, illus. in color by J. A. Shepherd, with
story in rhyme by E. D. Cuming, $1.—Tommy
White-Tag, the fox, by Miss Pitt, illus. in color, $1.
—Tales and Talks about Animals, a book of ani-
mal stories for young and old, illus. in color, etc.,
$1.—A Fourth-Form Friendship, by Angela Brazil,
illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—Caldwell's Boys' and
Girls' at Home, fifth issue, illus. in color, etc.,
$1.25.—The Princess and Curdie, by George Mac-
Donald, illus. in color, etc., by Helen Stratton,
$1.50 net.—The Every Babes Series, illus. in color
by Charles Robinson, with verses by Jessie Pope,
new vol.: Babes and Beasts, 75 cts.—My Treasure
Story Book, stories and pictures for little folk, 75
cts.—The John Hassall Series, new vol.: The Arab-
ian Nights, illus. by Helen Stratton, 50 cts.-—Our
Darling's Series, 4 titles, each illus. in color, etc.,
50 cts.—Faithful Friends Series, 4 titles, each illus.
in color, etc., 50 cts.—The Children's Own Library
of Stories Old and New, 8 titles, each illus., 60 cts.
—Our Pets Books, 3 titles, each illus. in color, 30
cts. (H. M. Caldwell Co.)
Historic Poems and Ballads, by Rupert S. Holland,
illus., $1.50 net.—Brave Deeds of American Sailors,
by Robert B. Duncan, illus., $1.50 net.—The Four
Corners in Japan, by Amy E. Blanchard, illus.,
$1.50.—Piebald, King of Bronchos, the biography of
a wild horse, by Clarence Hawkes, illus., $1.50.—
Mother Goose in Holland, illus. in color, etc., by
May Audubon Post, $1.25.—Alice's Adventures in
Wonderland, and Through the Looking-Glass, by
Lewis Carroll, gift edition, illus. in color, etc., by
Elenore Plaisted Abbott and John Tenniel, $1. net.
—The S. W. F. Club, by Emilia Elliott, illus. in
color, $1. net.—Classics Retold for Children, by
Alice F. Jackson, new vols.: Red Gauntlet, by Wal-
ter Scott; The Fortunes of Nigel, by Walter Scott,
each illus. in color, 75 cts. net.—The Children's Fa-
vorites, new vols.: Gulliver's Travels and Don
Quixote, told in easy French by Kathleen Fitzger-
ald, each illus. in color, 50 cts. net.—Weed's Life
of Christ for the Young, new edition, illus. in color,
etc., $1. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.)
The Fairies and the Christmas Child, by Lilian Gask,
illus. in color, etc., $2. net.—Froissart's Chronicles
for Young People, by M. G. Edgar, illus., $1.50 net.
—Shakespeare's Stories of the English Kings, by
Thomas' Carter, illus. in color, $1.50 net.—The
Boys' Nelson, by Harold F. B. Wheeler, illus., $1.50
net.—Legends of Our Little Brothers, by Lilian
Gask, illus., $1.50.—Everyday Susan, by Mary F.
Leonard, illus., $1.50.—Dorothy Brooke at Ridge-
more, by Frances C. Sparhawk, illus., $1.50.—Build-
ing an Airship at Silver Fox Farm, by James Otis,
illus., $1.50.—Old Four-Toes, by Edwin L. Sabin,
illus., $1.50.—Along the Mohawk Trail, or Boy
Scouts in the Rockies, by Percy K. Fitzhugh, illus.,
$1.25.—Pluck on the Long Trail, or Boy Scouts in
the Rockies, by Edwin L. Sabin, illus., $1.25.
(Thomas Y. Crowell Co.)
With Carrington on the Bozeman Road, by Joseph
Mills Hanson, illus., $1.50.—The Courier of the
Ozarks, by Byron A. Dunn, illus., $1.25.—Life Sto-
ries for Young People, translated from the German
by George P. Upton, new vols.: Emin Pasha;
"Chinese" Gordon; David Livingstone; Henry M.
Stanley; Ulysses of Ithaca; Achilles; Gods and
Heroes; The Argonautic Expedition and The La-
bors of Hercules; each illus., 50 cts. net. (A. C.
McClurg & Co.)
The Boy's Playbook of Science, by John Henry Pep-
per, illus., $2.50 net.—A Child's Book of Warriors,
by William Canton, illus. in color, etc., $2.—Jolly
Calle and Other Swedish Fairy Tales, compiled by
Helena Nyblom, illus. in color. $2.50.—Tiie Fairy
of Old Spain, by Mrs. Rodolph Stawell, illus. in
color, $1.50 net.—At Seneca Castle, by William W.
Canfield, illus., $1.25 net—The Pied Piper of Hame-
lin, by Robert Browning, illus. in color, $1.25 net.
—The Just Alike Twins, by Lazelle Thayer Woo-
ley, $1. net.—Puppy Tails, by Cecil Aldin, illus. in
color, $1.—The Complete Optimist, by Childe Har-
old, illus., 60 cts. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Chatterbox for 1912, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—Sun-
day for 1912, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—Our Nur-
sery Rhyme Book, edited by Letty and Frank Lit-
tlewood, illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net.—The Child
of the Air, by Mrs. M. H. Spielmann, illus. in
color, etc., $1.25 net—The Minute Boys Series, new
vol.: The Minute Boys of Yorktown, by James
Otis, illus., $1.25.—Saddles and Lariats, by Lewis
B. Miller, illus., $1.25.—The Magic Dragon, illus. in
color, etc., 75 cts. net.—How the Pennypackers
Kept the Light, by Sophie Swett, illus., 75 cts.—A
A Book of Nimble Beasts, by Douglas English, new
edition, illus. in color, etc., $1.50 net. (Dana Estes
&Co.)
jEsop's Fables, illus. in color, etc., by Charles Fol-
kard.—The Secret of the Clan, by Alice Brown,
illus., $1.25 net.—Deering of Deal, by Letta Gris-
wold, illus., $1.25 net.—Don't Give Up the Ship, by
C. S. Wood, illus. in color, $1.25 net.—Peggy Stew-
art at School, by Gabrielle E. Jackson, illus., $1.25
net.—Peggy Stewart at Home, by Gabrielle E.
Jackson, new edition, with frontispiece, $1.25 net.
—Peeps at Great Industries, new vols.: Tea; Rub-
ber; each illus. in color.—Peeps at Many Lands,
new vols.: Newfoundland; The Sunny South; An-
cient Egypt; each illus. in color. (Macmillan Co.)
Boys of Other Countries, by Bayard Taylor, holiday
edition, with additional material, illus. in color, $2.
net.—A Book of Discovery, the story of the
World's Exploration, from earliest times to the
finding of the South Pole, by M. B. Synge, illus. in
color, etc., $2.50 net.—Our Island Saints, by Amy
Steedman, illus. in color, $2.50 net.—Two and
Four-Footed Friends, stories by Anna Sewell, H.
Rider Haggard, Bret Harte, and others, illus., $1.
net.—Forty Famous Fairy Tales, illus., $1. net.—
The Light Princess, and other fairy tales, by
George MacDonald, new and cheaper edition, illus.,
$1.25 net.—How to Find Happyland, by Jasmine
Stone Van Dresser, new and cheaper edition, illus.
in color, $1.25 net.—Chinese Fairy Tales, forty sto-
ries told by almond-eyed folk, by Adele M. Fielde,
new edition, illus. by Chinese artists, $1.25. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Grimm's Fairy Tales, illus. in color by Noel Pocock,
$2. net.—A History of France, by H. E. Marshall,
illus. in color, $2.50 net.—The Fables of ^Esop,
illus. in color by Edward J. Detmold, $2. net.—
Merry and Bright, by Cecil Aldin, $2. net.—Heroes
of the Air, wonders of aerial flight and the men
who have achieved them, by Claude Grahame-
White and Harry Harper, illus. in color, etc., by
Cyrus Cuneo, $1.50 net—This Year's Book for
Boys, a cycloptedia of fun, frolic, and interesting
stories of adventure, invention, and progress, told
for boys by eminent writers, illus. in color, $1.50
net.—The Kewpies and Dotty Darling, verses and
pictures for children by Rose O'Neill, $1.25.—Gen-
tleman Dash, by Tertia Bennett, illus. in color, etc.,
by P. II. Jowett, $1.25 net—The Little Listener,
by Amy Le Feuvre, illus. in color, etc., by W. H. C.
Groome, $1 net.—Heads and Tails, $1. net.—The
Red Book for Children, illus. in color, etc., $1. net.
—Crusoe's Island, by Frederick A. Ober, illus., $1.
net.—A Little Book about London, by Richard
Whiteing, illus. in color, etc., $1. net.—The Golden
Book, tales in prose and verse for the little folk,
illus. in color, etc., $1. net.—The Children's Long-


1912.] THE DIAL 257
fellow, retold stories of the poems and ballads of
Longfellow, illus. in color, 75 cts. net.—Playbooks
of Science, by V. E. Johnson first vols.: Flying
and Some of Its Mysteries; Chemistry and Chem-
ical Magic; Mechanics and Some of Its Mysteries;
Optics and Optical Mysteries; each illus., 90 cts.
net.—The Merry Book, by Githa Sowerby, illus.,
50 cts. net.—Teddy Bearocar, by May Byron, illus.
in color, 50 cts. net.—Cecil Aldin's Happy Family
Series, by May Byron, 6 titles, illus. in color by
Cecil Aldin, each 40 cts. net.—The World at Work
Series, by Arthur B. Cooke, 6 titles, illus. in color,
etc., each 35 cts. net.—The Bird Booklets, 4 titles,
each illus. in color, 35 cts. net.—Struwwelpeter, by
Heinrich Hoffmann, facsimile edition, 25 cts.
(George H. Doran Co.)
The Mermaid's Gift, by Julia Brown, illus., $1.25.—
The Little King and the Princess True, by Mary
Earle Hardy, illus., $1.25.—Jolly Mother Goose,
illus. in color by Blanche Fisher Wright, $1.25.—
Stories of the Pilgrims, by Margaret B. Pumphrey,
illus. in color, etc., $1. net.—A Christmas Party for
Santa Claus, by Ida M. Huntington, illus. in color,
75 cts—The Story Tellers' Book, by Alice 0"Grady,
75 cts. net.—Rowena's Happy Summer, by Ceha
Myrover Robinson, illus. in color, 75 cts. net.
(Rand.McNally & Co.)
The Boy's Book of New Inventions, by Harry E.
Maule, illus., $1.60 net.—Gulliver's Travels, edited
by Clifton Johnson, illus., $1.20 net.—Princess Rags
and Tatters, by Harriet T. Comstock, illus. in color,
75 cts. net.—The Ben Greet Shakespeare for Young
Readers and Amateur Players, edited, and with
stage directions, by Ben Greet, illus. in color, per
volume 60 cts. net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Ten Girls from History, by Kate Dickinson Sweetser,
illus., $2— The Poor Little Rich Girl, by Eleanor
Gates Tully, illus., $1.25 net.—Peterkin, by Ga-
brielle Jackson, with frontispiece by Maxfield Par-
rish, $1.—Musical Dates for Little Pates, by Isa-
bel Stevens Lathrop, illus. in color, $1.—Work and
Play for Little Girls, by Hedwig Levi, 75 cts. net.
—Housekeeping for Little Girls, by Olive Hyde
Foster, 75 cts. net.—Blue Beard, by Pamela Col-
man Smith, illus., 50 cts. net. (Duffield & Co.)
"he Young Woodsmen, or Running Down the Squaw-
tooth Gang, by Hugh Pendexter, illus., $1.20 net.—
The Young Fishermen, or the King of Smugglers'
Island, by Hugh Pendexter, illus., $1.20 net.—
Barry Wynn, by George Barton, illus., $1.20 net.—
Fred Spencer, Reporter, by Henry M. Neely, illus.,
$1.20 net.—The Lucky Chance, by M. W. Loraine,
illus., $1.20 net.—In Search of Smith, by John
Mackie, illus., $1.50.—On Foreign Service, or The
Santa Cruz Revolution, by Staff-Surgeon T. T.
Jeans of the British Navy, illus. in color, $1.50.—A
Countess from Canada, by Bessie Merchant, illus.,
$1.50.—More Little Beasts of Field and Wood, by
William Everett Cram, illus., $1.20 net. (Small,
Maynard & Co.)
zalea, by Elia W. Peattie, illus., $1.—Bunty Pres-
cott at Englishman's Camp, by M. J. Phillips,
illus., $1.—The Flight Brothers, by Mrs. L. R. S.
Henderson, illus. in color, etc., $1.—Sky Island, by
L. Frank Baum, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—Phoebe
Daring, by L. Frank Baum, illus. in color, $1.—
When Scout Meets Scout, illus. in color, etc., 60
eta.—Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation, illus. 60 cts.
—The Boy's Big Game Series, by Elliott Whitney,
i titles, each 60 cts.—Boy Scouts of the Air Books,
iy Gordon Stuart, 4 titles, each illus., 60 cts.—The
Flying Girl Series, by Edith Van Dyne, 2 titles,
;ach illus. in color, etc., 60 cts.—The Captain Becky
Series, 2 titles, by Margaret Love Sanderson, each
llus. in color, 60 cts.—Annabel, new edition, illus.
n color, 60 cts. (Reilly & Britton Co.)
The Book of Saints and Heroes, by Mrs. Andrew
Lang, edited by Andrew Lang, illus. in color, etc.,
by H. J. Ford, $1.60 net.—Old Rhymes with New
Tunes, by R. R. Terry, illus., 80 cts. net.—The
Discontented Little Elephant, by E. GE. Somerville,
illus., 60 cts. net.—Child's Rule of Life, by R. H.
Benson. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
When Margaret Was a Sophomore, by Elizabeth Hol-
lister Hunt, illus., $1.25 net.—The Mystery of Grey
Oak Inn, by Louise Godfrey Irwin, illus., $1.25 net.
—When Mother Lets Us Travel in France, by Con-
stance Johnson, illus., $1. net.—Noted Speeches of
Webster, Clay, and Calhoun, edited by Lilian M.
Briggs, 75 cts. net.—Pussy's Class, by Laure Claire
Foucher, illus. in color, 50 cts. net. (Moffat, Yard
&Co.)
The Adventures of Prince Kebole, a story of the
Limbersnigs, by Flora and Lancelot Speed, illus. in
color, etc., $1.25 net.—About Robins, facts, songs,
and legends, collected by Ladv Lindsav, illus. in
color, $1. net.—The Tale of Mr. Tod, by Beatrix
Potter.—The Legends of King Arthur and His
Knights, by Sir James Knowles, ninth edition,
with preface by Lady Knowles, illus. in color, etc.,
by Lancelot Speed, $2.25 net. (Frederick Warne
&Co.)
Ken Ward in the Jungle, by Zane Grey, illus., $1.25.
—The Son of Columbus, by Molly Elliot Seawell,
illus., $1.25. (Harper & Brothers.)
Johnny Blossom, by Emilie Poulsson, translated from
the Norwegian, $1. net.—The Dwarf's Spell, a
Christmas play, by J. Edgar Park, 50 cts. net.
(Pilgrim Press.)
Once Upon a .Time, by Mary Stewart, with introduc-
tion by Henry van Dyke, $1.25 net.—The Scout
Master of Troop 5, by Mrs. I. T. Thurston, illus.,
$l.net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.)
The Wonderful Bed, a new route to Wonderland, by
Gertrude Knevels, illus. in color by Emily Hall
Chamberlin, $1. net.—The Live Dolls in Wonder-
land, the new doll book for 1912, by Josephine
Scribner Gates, illus. by Virginia Keep, $1.25 net.
(Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Boy Scout Stories, by John Fleming Wilson, illus.,
$1.25 net. (Sturgis& Walton Co.)
The Knighting of the Twins, and ten other tales, by
Clyde Fitch, $1.25 net. (Mitchell Kennerley.)
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 208 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its issue of Sept. 1.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon III.: Personal Remi-
niscences of the Man and the Emperor. By
Baron D'Ambfcs; edited and translated by A. R.
Allinson, M.A. In 2 volumes; illustrated in pho-
togravure, etc., large 8vo. Little, Brown & Co.
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No. 632. OCTOBER 16, 1912. Vol. LIU.
Contents.
PAGE
THE CAUSE 275
ANOTHER LITERARY MARE'S-NEST. Charles
Leonard Moore 277
CASUAL COMMENT 278
A year's literary companioniihip. — The librarian's
tinman ride.—Vagabondage and the literary tem-
perament.—The Muse in bonds. — The technique of
Futurist literature. — He who rides may read.—
Pierre Loti's orientalism. — An important Greek
manuscript. — The librarian's natural ally. — The
flippant note in American literature. —Poetry in the
soul of the Chinese tradesman.—Australia's literary
likings. — A tactful hint.—The perennial praise of
transcendentalism.
COMMUNICATIONS 282
More about the Story of Old Fort Dearborn. J. Sey-
mour Carrey.
Early Prejudices against Great Literature. Gilmorc
lden.
The Uses of " Classical Kubbish." James P. Kelley.
GEORGE MEREDITH HIMSELF. George Roy
Elliott 284
REGENERATING HUMANITY. Waldo R. Browne 287
MARK TWAIN. Percy F. Bieknell . 290
ENGLAND AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
Laurence M. Larson 292
MAN AND CIVILIZATION. Llewellyn Jones ... 293
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 295
The lure of literature from a bookseller's stand-
point.— The latest Life of Napoleon's first wife. —
Some Salem ship-owners of the olden time.— A
Nietzschean conception of Paternalism in govern-
ment.— An English outline of German literature.
— Up from the slums. — A treatise on Comparative
Anatomy. — American associations in Paris.
BRIEFER MENTION 298
NOTES 299
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 300
THE CAUSE.
"It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul."
The Cause is looking up. It is being advo-
cated in the Fiji Islands, and has won the
adherence of Mr. R. H. Williams of Beacon
(significant name!), Iowa, of Mr. D. W. La
Rue of East Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania, and of
several other doubtless equally estimable per-
sons. We gather these interesting and hopeful
facts from the last number of the "Simplified
Spelling Bulletin," which is the official organ
of the Cause, and which will be sent regularly
to any address for an annual subscription of ten
cents. Another cheering announcement is that
the Chicago Numismatic Society has seen the
light—a flash-light, in this case, which took a
"fotograf" of the numismatists assembled at a
banquet, where the menu provided them with
roast spring "lam" and "mince sauce." Of
even more thrilling interest is the announcement
that a student at Columbia University in the
department of chemistry has published his doc-
toral dissertation in simplified spelling. His
subject is "Derivativs of 4-Hydroxy-5-Nitro-
Quinazoline," which seems to us a fairly harm-
less application of the reform.
The author of the above diverting essay may
be as yet unknown to fame, but that cannot be
said of Sir William Ramsay, who is, we believe,
now in Texas as a foreign representative of
"siens" at the inaugural ceremonies of the Rice
Institute. He has recently, it seems, addressed
himself to the readers of an English educational
journal in the following cabalistic terms: "Let
every teecher hu reedz theez lienz ov mien tri
and convins herself hou eezy iz this nyu speling.
... It is the jeneraishonz ov children tu cum
hu apeel tu us tu saiv them from the aflicshon
which we hav endyuerd and forgoten." We like
particularly that weird word "jeneraishonz,"
which must be a joy forever to anyone who can
remember how to spell it. But as we scan this
brief quotation of forty-three words, of which
nearly two-thirds are unknown to the dictionary,
and try to read it aloud, giving the letters the
values that we instinctively attach to them, we
discover that just one-half of the deformed
spellings indicate a pronunciation which is dis-
tinctly not that of the cultivated user of the
English language. For example, how does


276
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
the writer reconcile his "siens," "lienz," and
"mien"? And how are his readers to know
that the initial vowels in "apeel" and "aflio-
shon" are short? The Cause is welcome to
these phonetic vagaries, but they do not exactly
commend it to the judicious.
Elsewhere, Sir William Ramsay is quoted as
saying: "It is objected that with the new sys-
tem people would not all spell the same way.
But does it really matter so long as what is
written is understandable?" We should think
"decipherable" a better adjective, but let that
pass. The result at which Sir William hints
is amplified in the leading article of the " Bul-
letin," which opens as follows: "One of the
delites of a modernized English spelling will be
the new era of discovery that it will open to the
readers of letters and books. They will often
find out, for the first time in their lives, how
the writers whose books they read, and how
their correspondents whose voices they have
not heard, pronounce their words. At present
readers have to gess how the authors pronounce.
No doubt they gess correctly, in most cases; but
they do not know." The writer of this aston-
ishing plea says truly, later on, that "a vista
is opend." "O, vistas infinite unfold!" says
Brand to the Dean, who is expounding to him
the true philosophy of religion. Hitherto, we
have left this sort of license to the amateurs of
dialect, who have alternately bored and puzzled
us to the limit of endurance, but we have not
had to read them. In the good time coming, it
seems, everybody who writes will devise for his
words spellings ad hoc, in accordance with some
occult phonetic system of his own. By way of
illustrating the nice derangement of epitaphs
which will follow from this practice, we are given
the following examples: "isyu (ishu, ishyu),"
and "tordz (toewerdz, toerdz)." We should
doubtless also get" ishoe," "toardz," and many
others, wondering all the time what the writer
was trying to say. The example of the ingen-
ious person who showed that " scimitar " might
be spelled in we forget how many ways stands
as a solemn warning against indulgence in this
happy-go-lucky practice, which is gravely recom-
mended to us as a saver of time for school chil-
dren and an economizer of energy for the adult
brain.
In an unguarded moment, the Bulletin ad-
mits that the Cause " invites humor, and indeed
makes it inevitable." Its sponsors, we are told,
"have more fun with spelling, simplified and
unsimplified, than any other class of human
beings." An exhibit of this playful spirit is
made in several instances. Does the man who
issued the Edict of Oyster Bay six years ago
need to be defended from criticism as a back-
slider because his "African Game Trails" is
written in dictionary words, the defence is
found in obedience to the scriptural injunction,
"Authors, obey your publishers in the Lord,
lest they turn again and rend you." This is
fairly side-splitting. The word "manoeuvres"
provides an opportunity for much merry jest-
ing. "If ten thousand American soldiers were
opposed by twenty French soldiers, and if the
victory of the American soldiers depended
on their pronouncing manoeuvres just as the
twenty Frenchmen would, the whole ten thou-
sand would be left gloriously ded on the field of
battle, while the twenty heroic Frenchmen would
roll their tungs in triumf." It seems that even
Webster does not take enough liberties with this
word, because he feebly compromises on "man-
euver," whereas the free-born American calls it
"manoover." If this be so, it is a grievous fault,
paralleled only by the awful example of the New
York " Evening Post" when it lapsed from grace
in the spelling of "pronunciamiento" shortly
after Mr. Godkin's death. To the charge that the
spelling reformers are only "an unauthorized
group of persons," we have a crushing rejoinder
in the shape of a quotation from an English
scholar anent Julius Caesar: "The oldest part
of the Tower is said to have been built by Julius
Csesar without any authority." Also the Pilgrim
Fathers and the Signers and the Abolitionists
were "unauthorized" groups of reformers.
More than usually ponderous is the sarcasm
expended upon a university teacher of English
who, when asked if he had read the literature
of the Simplified Spelling Board, replied irrele-
vantly: "No, I would rather read 'Cymbeline.'"
This leads to an array of quotations from the
play, all in the lawless orthography of 1600,
such as the following:
"When shall I hear all through? This fierce
abridgment" [thru],
or as this:
"Our very eyes,
Are sometimes like our Judgements, blinde."
Another quotation from "Cymbeline " seems to
us more apt, as a suggestive commentary upon
the Cause as a whole, than any of those given.
It is brief and to the point: "The game is up."
But it is perhaps too much to suppose that the
game will be really "up" as long as the subsidy
holds out.


1912.]
277
THE
DIAL
ANOTHER LITERARY MARE'S-NEST.
Alas for the ingenuity of man! Simple truth,
plain fact, recorded history do not please him. He
must go behind the returns. He must suspect, sur-
mise, invent, and out of the accepted data of the past
weave himself a crazy-quilt pattern of his own. He
is not going to be deceived by the disinterested liars
of old times. He knows their business a great deal
better than they did themselves. He can see through
the millstones or milestones of the past, and they are
not what they are supposed to be.
The standard, the paragon, of critical delusions
woven by over-smartness,—the most prodigious
fabric ever built without foundation,—is the theory
of the Baconian authorship of Shakespeare. Against
probability, against evidence, against certainty, it
persists. James Spedding, who gave thirty years
to the study of Bacon's life and works, for the sole
purpose of rehabilitating and aggrandizing his hero,
said of this theory: "I see no reason to suppose that
Shakespeare did not write the plays. But if some-
body else did, then I think I am in a position to say
that it was not Lord Bacon." I have often thought
that the French have wasted a good chance for a
similar controversy in regard to Moliere. Why do
they not pool their issues, as it were, — form an
intellectual Trust and put forth the claim to an all-
accomplished genius in the person of Pascal? Pascal
was the most learned and the most variously gifted
man of his time in Europe. He was a metaphysician,
mathematician, inventor, master of polite letters,
and pupil of polite society. His father was a Judge,
and he was brought up in ease and in the company
of the best minds of his period. What is more likely
than that he wrote the Molieresque comedies? That
he had the power to do so is evident; for, while there
is nothing to show that Lord Bacon could have writ-
ten a single page of Shakespeare, the author of the
"Provincial Letters" and the "Pense"es" had the
wit, the perception of character, the creative gift,
the profound philosophy necessary to have written
the plays ascribed to Moliere. And the latter,—
how does it stand with him? How is it possible that
the son of a vulgar upholsterer, a strolling actor
battered and beaten about the provinces for fifteen
years,—how is it possible that he could have ac-
quired the learning, the knowledge of society, the
nobility of thought, and the depth of philosophy
which the comedies display? It is true that Pascal
died at a time when only two of Moliere's Parisian
successes had been produced; but it is easy to get
around that difficulty. We have only to suppose
that Pascal wrote the rest of the plays before and
after his retirement to Port-Royal, and handed
them over in bulk to Moliere to be brought out as
occasion required, and our theory is right and tight
enough. That the French have not allowed such a
theory to form and get headway, while the English
have looked on stupifled at the Baconian folly,
would seem to prove that the former, beneath their
surface extravagances, are entirely sane, while the
latter under their veneer of common sense are es-
sentially eccentric. And one form of English, and
still more American, eccentricity is the excessive
reverence paid to learning, and the disposition to rely
upon the acquirer of information for all other good
things. If we could only realize that, as far as lit-
erature at least is concerned, mere learning is the
iron pyrites, the fool's gold, and natural parts are the
true metal, then there would be an end of such delu-
sions as the Baconian theory.
But let us leave the tormentors of Shakespeare
to their fate, and turn to another "question" which
seems to be looming up. Emily Bronte is the
Sphinx of literature. A spirit so removedly re-
served, so profoundly proud, yet so touched with
tenderness,—her like can scarcely be found among
the daughters of men. She was brave to temerity;
she stood up to meet her death. And her work is
not merely Amazon work—it is man's work. Every
epithet which Matthew Arnold instinctively applied
to her when he said that her soul
"Knew no fellow for might,
Passion, vehemence, grief,
Daring, since Byron died,"
testifies to this male quality in her.
Accordingly, some years ago a Mr. Leyland put
forth a book advocating the claim of Branwell
Bronte to the authorship of "Wuthering Heights."
Undoubtedly there is a good deal of Branwell in
the book. His experiences, his letters, and recorded
ravings all show that he was, or thought he was, a
close kinsman to Heathcliffe, for whom he must have
served as a partial model. But there is absolutely
nothing to prove that he had any real literary power.
And his boastfulness was such that if he had had
any direct hand in the book, he would have made
the welkin ring with his claims. So Mr. Leyland's
revelations obtained no credence.
A book rather portentously entitled "The Key to
the Bronte Works," by Mr. John Malham-Dembleby,
has recently appeared. In it, with a great show of
parallel citations and of labelled " Critical Methods,"
Mr. Malham-Dembleby seeks to show that Charlotte
Bronte was the real author of " Wuthering Heights."
We hardly think that Mr. Malham-Dembleby's
"critical methods" would require notice, were it
not that his book displays some real discoveries as
the results of his investigation. One of the most
interesting of these discoveries is the unearthing of
a romance by Eugene Sue, published in 1850-51,
apparently founded on the occurrences in the Heger
household in Brussels, and showing that the relations
of M. Heger, Madame Heger, and Charlotte Bronte
must have been public property on the continent
at that date. This work of gossip, however, has no
bearing on the authorship of "Wuthering Heights."
The other discovery may have some such bearing.
This is in the shape of a tourist's guide-book to York-
shire written by Frederick Montagu, in which Mr.
Malham-Dembleby professes to find the germs of
some of the scenes and characters of both "Wuther-
ing Heights" and "Jane Eyre." Granting the


278
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
similarities, it is possible to reason quite differently
than he does about them. Books were scarce in
that Haworth parsonage, and it would seem prob-
able that the home-loving Emily, who pined in
spirit when away from the moors, should have been
the one to pore over this Yorkshire guide, rather
than the errant and city-loving Charlotte. And as
"Wuthering Heights" was unquestionably written
before "Jane Eyre," Charlotte may have merely
followed her sister's lead and taken Montagu's data
at second hand.
Apart from external evidence, of which there is
plenty, there are four great reasons which must neg-
ative Charlotte Bronte's authorship of " Wuthering
Heights." The first of these is the character of
Emily Bronte, which we have glanced at above.
Was she the being to descend to the level of a com-
mon cheat, to deck herself in borrowed plumes, to
go forth to the world as an impostor? The thing is
incredible. And if she had done so, would Charlotte,
herself a scorner of meanness and deception, have
kept on loving and revering her during her life?
Would she, after Emily's death, have reared for her
a monument in the noble and spirited figure of
Shirley Keeldar? Human nature is not built in that
way. Charlotte Bronte was not wanting in self-
assurance. She could hold her opinion of herself
against others. She retorted sharply on Lewes when
he implied that she had a great deal to learn from
Jane Austen. But every line that she wrote about
Emily testifies not merely to a sisterly affection but
to an admiration of almost startled wonder. She
never wrote about Anne Bronte in any such terms.
The poems constitute a second obstacle to Char-
lotte's assumption of the novel. Mr. Malham-
Dembleby does not pretend to claim Emily's for
her sister, — which, in view of the tame, ladylike,
colorless character of Charlotte's verse, is prudent.
Nearly all of Emily's pieces are at least touched with
the divine fire, and four or five of them stand by
themselves in literature. They are and will be a
part of all anthologies, and are so great that were
Emily really robbed of "Wuthering Heights" it
would not seriously lower her intellectual place. Of
course it is a matter for critical opinion, how far the
authorship of the poems makes valid the authorship
of the novel. To me they seem to bear the same
stamp. They are bone and flesh and blood of one
being. At the very least, they indicate that Emily
could have written the novel. Now there is a cloud
of witnesses to prove that all three of the girls were
busy writing stories from their childhood up. And
M. Heger thought that Emily's prose themes were
superior to Charlotte's. Anne Bronte, though she
had considerably less leisure than Emily, left two
fair-sized novels. If "Wuthering Heights" is taken
from Emily, what did she write?
The characters of Heathcliffe and Rochester are
enough in themselves to proclaim the separate
authorship of the two novels. If Charlotte Bronte,
with her prentice hand, carved the black statue of
Heathcliffe, faultless in design, unrlawed in execu-
tion, and then in full practice put together the sham-
bling, uncertain workmanship of Rochester, she made
a more sudden fall than any other known artist.
Heathcliffe is all of a piece, — tragic, intense, true
to the conception from first word to the last. He
might have stepped out of a great Elizabethan play.
Rochester is mostly melodramatic, and at times he
is almost comic. He is a woman's conception of a
strong man. In fact, the petticoat is not far away
from any of Charlotte's male characters. It peeps
out in Mr. Helstone and the Moores, and Paul
Emanuel is entirely wrapped up in it Charlotte was
as intensely womanly as her sister was male. All
her novels are saved by the depth and splendor of
her female characters. On the contrary, the women
in "Wuthering Heights" are hardly more than
despicable.
Lastly, Emily and Charlotte set the seal of their
respective natures on the prose style of their books.
Emily's prose is bare, naked of ornament, interpos-
ing no veil of words between her meaning and the
reader's mind. Even her descriptive passages are
of the shortest, — a sentence or two, a hint or sug-
gestion rather than a deliberate piece of painting.
Charlotte, on the contrary, is rich and full and vari-
ous. Her books are strewn over with purple patches.
In their rich efflorescence they are like the Brazilian
woods where, it is said, if you twitch a liana on the
borders of Bolivia, the President at Rio will feel the
movement. She loves words and images for their
own sake, and she deals with them superbly. Now
it is not impossible that one and the same author
should command these two styles; but where this
has been so, it has been at the extremes of a long
life. And the instinct for wreaking the thought on
expression has always come first. If Charlotte
wrote "Wuthering Heights" she must have been
dowered with austerity and restraint in the begin-
ning, and then very quickly forgot these qualities.
In spite of " The Key to the Bronte Works " we
fancy that the picture, which has so impressed the
imagination of the world, of the three girls of genius,
"mewing their mighty youth" in the lonely York-
shire parsonage, from whence two of them, at least,
were to rise in eagle wheelings visible to all the
world, will long remain unaltered and unobscured.
Charles Leonard Moore.
CASUAL COMMENT.
A year's literary companionship, the devo-
tion of at least a part of one's daily reading time
for twelve months to one great book, or to one great
author, will not be without permanent results to
the reader. A man is known by the company he
keeps. The president of Columbia University the
other day gave this advice to an audience of under-
graduates: "Resolve to pass the year in company
with some high and noble character." Then fol-
lowed suggestions as to the different works of lit-
erature likely to suit different temperaments and


1912.]
279
THE
DIAJL
moods, ranging over some of the classics of a more
or less distant past. But not every one can prevail
on himself to cut loose from the fascinations of cur-
rent thought and its manifold expression in literary
form. The volumes of Gibbon's ''Rome" are pushed
impatiently aside in favor of Professor McMaster's
or Dr. Rhodes's latest continuation of our own
history; Masson's "Milton," Carlyle's "Frederick,"
and even Boswell's "Johnson" prove less imme-
diately inviting than the lives and letters and rem-
iniscences of those modern celebrities whom one
has either actually seen and known or at least felt
keenly interested in. The reader, unwilling to
follow President Butler's advice exactly as given,
may yet find in current literature, in the books of
this present season, not a few "high and noble
characters" in whose company to pass the year.
The two substantial posthumous volumes of John
Bigelow's "Retrospections" will furnish inspiring
reading matter for one's spare moments through
the coming winter and beyond. Mark Twain, too, is
one with whom a year's leisure hours can profitably
be passed—in the three rich volumes of Mr. Paine's
admirable biography. George Meredith's letters,
also, offer opportunity for many half-hours of com-
munion with a master-mind. And, without going
outside this deservedly popular class of books, one
can enjoyably and profitably linger for months over
such works as Mr. George Haven Putnam's biog-
raphy of his father, and Mr. James K. Hosmer's
"Last Leaf " — a few pages at a time. The em-
barrassment is one of riches, in respect to books for
companionship, and of poverty, with most of us, in
respect to available half-hours or quarter-hours to
give to that companionship.
• • •
The librarian's human side is the side that
probably stands most in need of development. The
professional, bibliographic, bibliothecal side will
commonly take care of itself, and do it so well that
the librarian, unless he be on his guard, will soon
become conspicuously "lop-sided." Some sensible
remarks on this head are reported in the current
"Library Notes and News " of the Minnesota Public
Library Commission, from Miss Flora B. Roberts,
presiding genius of the Superior (Wis.) Public
Library. Always timely, and seldom sufficiently
heeded, are such reminders and counsels as these to
library workers: "Our work is not automatic; a
book read enters into the life of the reader, whether
it be the heart life, the intellectual life, or the play
life. The book itself has come from the author, pul-
sating with his life. We are the go-betweens, and
in order to give the right book to the right person,
we must be human, with keenness of mind, and much
sympathy and charity of spirit. Were we to reduce
our circulation of books to the automatic stamping
of certain dates in certain places, and certain schemes
of filing the cards, we might better invent a slot ma-
chine for the work; it would be cheaper. But we
are dealing in human stuff, and we cannot truly
know our public without becoming a part of that
public. Therefore I say, join clubs, accept social
invitations, pay calls, join a church if your religious
convictions are in sympathy with church organiza-
tions, serve on committees, make addresses when
asked — get asked sometimes. If you see a need of
some certain work in the town, take the initiative
yourself, even if it has nothing to do with the
library." Clearly, this librarian is convinced that
though nickel-in-the-8lot restaurants and weighing-
machines and music-boxes may serve a useful office,
the nickel-in-the-slot library has no place in this
world of living and breathing and loving and hating
human beings. m t
Vagabondage and the literary tempera-
ment find themselves not seldom united in the same
person, perhaps on somewhat the same principle
that causes extremes to meet. Casanova and George
Borrow and Sir Richard Burton and Josiah Flynt,
born tramps, all of them, each in his own kind, were
as skilled in the narration of their wandering adven-
tures as they were happy in the knack of encounter-
ing them. But when a man of books and studies,
like the late Professor Walter Wyckoff, takes to
tramping (in an episodical way) for the sake of the
material it may offer for literary or social-study pur-
poses, rather than from an inborn love of the open
road, the telling of the story afterward is likely to
lack some of the zest that animates the pages of the
tramp-author, as distinguished from the author-
tramp. This difference in style between the two is
well pointed out by an anonymous tramp printer
who narrates his adventures in "The Saturday
Evening Post." He says: "That winter I read
some articles in a magazine written by a college
professor who had gone tramping to find out how
it really felt to be a laboring man. His narra-
tive struck me as odd, for he never knew where to
turn his hand for a bite to eat when he was hungry;
and he made a sort of world-problem of the simple
question of where to lie down and sleep, with empty
freight cars and warm roundhouses and convenient
toolboxes all round him! In the light of my own
practical experience it seemed to me as though he
was an academic child who should not have been
permitted to go out into the world alone. One other
writer I read with a different interest. He was a
man who called himself Josiah Flynt; and in his
description of hobo life I found no room for criti-
cism, for he knew far more about it than I did. He
was the real article—a tramp who turned writer
rather than a writer who experimented in being a
tramp."
The muse in bonds, whether in the person of a
Cervantes in durance vile, or a John Bunyan impris-
oned for unlicenced preaching, or an Oscar Wilde
pining away in Reading Gaol, must always excite
sympathy. The poem (a spontaneous outpouring
innocent of rhyme and metre) that has lately found
its way into print from the pen of Mr. Arthur
Giovannitti, thrown into jail as accessory to murder


280
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
in connection with the Lawrence (Mass.) mill strike,
shows the accused to he a man of fine feeling and
strengthens the presumption of his innocence of the
crime charged against him, and inclines the reader
to range himself on the side of Professors Taussig
and Loeb and the other persons of prominence and
influence who have protested against the treatment
to which he and his companion have been subjected.
Of course the poetic gift is no sufficient warrant of
blameless moral character, and the following few
lines from "The Walker" are here quoted merely
for their poignant, pathetic quality, their haunting
appeal, their touching picture of one shut out from
the "sunlit highways of life."
"I hear footsteps over my head all night.
They come and they go. Again they come and again they
go all night.
They come one eternity in four paces and they go one
eternity in four paces, and between the coming and the
going there are Silence and the Night and the Infinite.
For infinite are the nine feet of a prison cell, and endless
is the march of him who walks between the yellow
brick wall and the red iron gate, thinking things that
cannot be chained and cannot be locked, but wander
far away in the sunlit world, each in its wild pilgrimage
after its destined goal.
"I have heard the stifled sobs of the one who prays with
his head under the coarse blanket and the whisperings
of the one who prays with his forehead on the hard,
cold stone of the floor.
"And I have heard, most terrible of all, the silence of two
hundred brains all possessed by one single, relentless,
unforgiving, desperate thought.
"I implore you, my brother, for I am weary of the long vigil,
weary of counting your steps, and heavy with sleep,
Stop, rest, sleep, my brother, for the dawn is well nigh
and it is not the key alone that can throw open the door."
The technique of Futurist literature, as
Signor Marinetti informs the waiting world through
a recent manifesto, will be distinguished by its sim-
plicity, its elemental strength, its primitive natural-
ness. Verbal expression will be reduced to its lowest
terms. "It is undeniable," explains this ardent
iconoclast, "that in abolishing the adjective and the
adverb the noun will regain its essential, complete,
and characteristic value." The devices of rhetoric
are an abomination to him. "For that reason," as
the London "Chronicle" quotes him, "I have re-
course to the abstract severity of mathematical signs,
which are useful in expressing quantity and quality
of emotion by condensing all unnecessary explana-
tions and avoiding the dangerous folly of losing
time in phraseological corners and in the finicking
works of the tailor, the jeweler, and the bootblack.
Words delivered from the fetters of punctuation
will flash against one another, will interlace their
various forms of magnetism, and follow the uninter-
rupted dynamics of force. A white space of vary-
ing length will indicate to the reader the moments,
also of varying length, when intuition rests or sleeps."
Here let us give, from the Futurist's pen, an example
of these interlacing forms of magnetism, all unfet-
tered, of course, by punctuation. The passage de-
scribes an assault on a Turkish fort. "Towers guns
virility flights erection telemetre exstasy toumbtoumb
3 seconds toumbtoumb waves smiles laughs plaff
poaff glouglouglouglou hide-and-seek crystals vir-
gins flesh jewels pearls iodine salts bromide skirts
gas liqueurs bubbles 3 seconds toumbtoumb officer
whiteness telemetre cross-fire megaphone sight-at-
thousand-metres all-men-to-left enough every-man-
to-his-post incline-7-degrees splendour jet pierce
immensity azure deflowering onslaught
alleys cries labyrinth mattress sobs ploughing desert
bed precision telemetre monoplane cackling theatre
applause monoplane equals balcony rose wheel drum
trepan gad-fly rout Arabs oxen blood-colour shambles
wounds refuge oasis." Who, after this, will ever
care to read those effete and finicking compositions,
"The Charge of the Light Brigade," or "The Siege
of Corinth," or the account, in "Childe Harold," of
the battle of Waterloo, or any similar effusions of
the anaemic poets of the past?
• • •
He who rides mat read—that is, if he rides in
a street-car. The importance of this obvious truth
so impressed itself upon a speaker at the late meet-
ing of the Wisconsin Library Association that he
urged the placing of library advertising cards in
some of those oblong spaces now so eagerly bought
up by business men who are convinced of the expe-
diency of keeping their names and descriptions or
pictures of their wares before the eyes of the trolley-
travelling public. At Menominee, Michigan, the sug-
gestion took speedy root and blossomed in the shape
of sundry inviting placards inserted temporarily and
by glad permission in the spaces paid for by certain
commercial houses for their own behoof and profit.
And the profit in this instance was expected to come
from the mention of their courtesy on the library
placards, in the assurance that their complaisance in
furthering a worthy cause would work them no harm
in the public estimation. The whole of this inter-
esting experiment is well told by Miss Lois Amelia
Spencer of the Menominee Public Library in the
"Wisconsin Library Bulletin" of July-August It
is too early to give results of the experiment; but,
as Miss Spencer says in conclusion, "People un-
doubtedly read the advertisements in the street-cars.
If they need to be reminded of the public library,
is n't it the ideal time and place to do it when they
are more or less unoccupied and possibly on their
way to its part of the town? Because it seems so
logical we are expecting discernible results."
Pierre Loti's orientalism, his passion for and
sympathy with the Far East, colors and even, one
might say, with a change of metaphor, saturates
much that he has written. In the course of his
recent New York visit M. Viaud (Captain Louis
Marie Julian Viaud will be recalled as the name
and title in real life of this popular author) took
occasion to say: "My enthusiasm for the Orient is
inherent within me. It is a part of my very nature.


1912.J
281
THE
DIAL.
It is not enough that I can aee what Oriental life is,
each and every factor of it strikes an answering
chord within my soul. I am all that the Oriental
is, and I am it by nature, just as he is. I am a
mystic, a dreamer. I love to sit and .contemplate,
as does the Oriental. I have the Oriental sense of
the beautiful in nature, for the Oriental spends hours
in peaceful communion with the landscape about
him, that speaks to him in a language he under-
stands." Of interest was the visiting Frenchman's
assertion that "the literature of Japan has had
practically no effect on the literature of the Occi-
dent, because we can not fully grasp its significance."
In perfect accord with what might be called the
upside-downness of things in the antipodes is the
common people's preference for poetry to prose.
They "love poetry," says this authority, "and so
the native literature expresses itself in verse "— as
it always has where primitive simplicity has not yet
yielded to sophistication.
• • •
An important Greek manuscript, an illumi-
nated transcript, on vellum, of the four Gospels, has
been presented to the library of the General Theo-
logical Seminary, whose librarian thus describes the
gift in his latest yearly Report: "In the summer of
1911 a Greek manuscript of the four Gospels was
offered us for purchase. Its price was entirely
prohibitive as far as our own funds were concerned.
Through the generosity of Mr. S. V. Hoffman,
however, whose father, Dean Hoffman, gave us our
Gutenberg Bible, it was acquired and presented to
us in perpetuity, to be a treasured possession of the
Library and an adornment of our Seminary. The
manuscript itself, hitherto unlisted and unrecorded,
was examined during April of this year by Professor
Caspar Rend Gregory, of the University of Leipzig,
while here at the Seminary, by him listed and as-
signed a number in his list of all the Greek New
Testament manuscripts known to exist. It has been
ascribed without doubt to the tenth century and is
probably of Georgian origin. Written on vellum
of small size and in a minute but careful hand, the
manuscript is in excellent condition, contains six
interesting and still brilliant illuminations, and is
bound in velvet and metal. . . . By this addition
we have one of the few New Testament manuscripts
in America of value and importance — a manuscript
which must be a source of pride not only to ourselves,
but to American Biblical scholars generally."
The librarian's natural ally in the cam-
paign of culture against illiteracy in its more or less
pronounced forms, is of course the schoolteacher.
Perhaps the teacher would state the proposition the
other way about, but the effect is much the same.
The schoolhouse, too, is the natural and logical
branch of the library. At Pomfret, Vermont (our
oft-cited model in these matters of rural public-
library management) each schoolhouse serves as a
branch library, and as such is designated by the num-
ber borne by the school district. At Bristol, Con-
necticut, also, as may be noted in the current annual
Report of its public library, even the one-room
schools have been pressed into service by the ener-
getic librarian, Mr. Charles L. Wooding. He writes
in his record of yearly progress: "Last winter
'traveling libraries' of about 50 volumes each were
placed in each of the one-room schools of the city,
under the charge of the teachers, for the benefit of
the adults living near the schools and remote from
the central library. The books were exchanged at
Easter for new collections. As a result 932 volumes
were issued, and thirty-nine people who had not pre-
viously used the Library were enrolled as borrowers.
I wish to record my appreciation of the willing co-
operation of the teachers, who gladly assumed the
extra care of the books and their circulation."
The flippant note in American literature
has much to answer for if what Miss Hanna Astrup
Larsen writes in the October "Forum " is true. At
the end of a rather rousing dissertation on "The
Cowardice of American Literature" she writes:
"Puritanism is not so fatal to art as is the Ameri-
can flippancy, which we flatter ourselves by calling
the national sense of humor. It is a corrosive,
beneath which neither poetry nor oratory, neither
enthusiasm nor earnestness can live. We deny the
spiritual forces even while we are moved by them,
and acknowledge only the seen and the tangible.
But the time is coming when the greater writers of
the country will give us literature, and not levity;
when life will no longer be caricatured, or truth
distorted." A heavy charge, this; but it may be
that Miss Larsen, with an excess of seriousness trace-
able to her Norwegian extraction, over-emphasizes
the banefulness of the American jocosity. Every
literature, every literary masterpiece, has the defects
of its qualities; and if we sacrificed our love of fun
because of the occasional pranks it plays on us, might
we not fall victims to far worse proclivities? No
antidote to moroseness can be a very harmful dose.
Poetry in the soul of the Chinese trades-
man finds expression in sign-boards of wonderful
wording. A Pekin coal merchant, as a recent ob-
server has noted, euphemistically styles his stock-in-
trade "heavenly embroidery," and a dealer in oil
and wine calls his establishment the "Neighborhood
of Chief Beauty." Other signboards contain such
inscriptions as "Shop of Heaven-sent Luck," "The
Nine Felicities Prolonged," "The Shop of Celestial
Principles," "Mutton Shop of Morning Twilight,"
"The Ten Virtues all Complete," and "Flowers
Rise to the Milky Way." Now and then the shop-
man makes his signboard proclaim in choice phrase
his own virtues, as "The Thrice Righteous" and
"The Honest Pen Shop of Li," or some personal
peculiarity, as " The Steel Shop of the Pockmarked
Wang." The height of the poetic is attained by a
charcoal shop which calls itself the "Fountain of


282
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAZ,
Beauty." The Dean of Gloucester remarked, a cen-
tury and a half ago, that "what is true of a shop-
keeper is true of a shopkeeping nation." If that is
correct, then China, as far as it is a country of retail
buying and selling, should be a country fond of the
felicities of figurative and picturesque language,
which, in fact, it is to a noted degree.
Australia's literary likings manifest them-
selves in favor of American books, especially novels
and works having to do with actual experience and
adventure, sport, travel, and the like. The editor
of the London " Book Monthly" calls attention to
this popularity of the American book in Australia,
a popularity not yet enjoyed by its English rival;
for that far-distant continent (if the geographies
now call it such) is a new land, newer even than
America, and its affinities are for the literature of
new rather than of old and conventionalized coun-
tries. One recalls the enthusiastic welcome given
to Mark Twain in his world-encircling lecture tour.
The stories of a Mark Twain or a Bret Harte
naturally suit the popular taste in Australia as those
of no English novelist can. The increasing market
for American books there is noted by the above-
named writer, who advises English publishers to
bestir themselves in that quarter.
A tactful hint from a courteous foreign visitor
takes the following form: "Have you not perhaps
paid and are you not perhaps paying too dearly for
your material progress? It is ill to lose the faculty
of contemplation and the conditions of life that
encourage it." The timely warning is from him
whom all the world knows by his pseudonym,
"Pierre Loti." It is not very many years ago
that another distinguished Frenchman was with us,
preaching the gospel of the simple life and calling us
back to the things of the spirit. But what heed was
paid to the friendly advice of M. Charles Wagner,
and what heed will be paid to that of this later
admonitor? Perhaps after the present strenuous
few weeks are past we shall have time to sober
down and reflect, and to read "The Home of the
Soul" and "The Simple Life."
The perennial appeal of transcendental-
ism—an appeal which, it is true, evokes response
quite as often in the unscholarly and the credulous
as in the educated and the thoughtful—seems just
now to be making itself heard with remarkable suc-
cess in St. Louis, if credit is to be given to the report
from that city to the effect that the public library
records there show Emerson's essays to be among
the most sought-f or literature of the non-fiction class.
This rumor is highly creditable to St. Louis, and
helps to disprove the late Andrew Lang's too hasty
assertion that Emerson is now an inoperative factor
in the literary world. Meanwhile, in visible refu-
tation of this charge, the publication of the Emerson
"Journals" goes steadily forward, volumes seven
and eight being announced for November.
COMMUNICATIONS.
MORE ABOUT THE STORY OF OLD FORT
DEARBORN.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Referring to Mr. Quaife's letter in the last issue of
The Dial, I note that he "does not desire to engage
in a personal dispute" with me; to which I may reply
that I do not particularly enjoy a controversy of this
kind myself. But as Mr. Quaife is concerned about the
"truth of history," it will be worth while to notice one
or two things he has to say.
For example, he says that no man by the name of
Cooper was killed at the Fort Dearborn Massacre.
How is it possible to account for the fact that a man of
that name is mentioned in the letters of A. H. Edwards,
printed iu Fergus's Historical Pamphlet (No. 16, pp.
54, 56)? Mr. Quaife's waiving of Cooper out of exist-
ence suggests the countryman who remarked to his wife,
while they were gazing upon a strange specimen at the
Zoo, "Come along Maria, there ain't no such animal."
Mr. Quaife returns to the subject of Gen. Dearborn's
"distinguished services on the Niagara frontier" (this
sentence be,ing quoted from my book), and remarks that
any schoolboy knows that these services were not "dis-
tinguished" in the sense in which I used the word. In
Winsor's "Narrative and Critical History of America"
(Vol 3, p. 389), it is stated that the expedition directed
by Dearborn on the Canadian town of York " was suc-
cessful, the enemy was driven off with the loss of over
half their numbers, the town was taken," etc. This
movement, it is said, "met with greater success than any
which had hitherto been undertaken on the frontier."
Regarding access to the Swearingen narrative, the
manuscript of which is preserved in the collections of
the Chicago Historical Society, Mr. Quaife says that "it
is not true that the public had no access to knowledge
concerning the date of beginning the construction of
the first Fort Dearborn prior to the reviewer's ' Record-
Herald' article of last month." His own words in the
article referred to were that the manuscript had been
"brought to light recently." Thus his contradiction
applies to his own statement much more than to mine,
which was merely based on what he himself had said.
I would not be so foolish as to claim that there are
no errors in my book; and under ordinary circumstances
I should feel grateful for such corrections and criticisms
as might be suggested. A knowledge of the minute
details connected with our early history is creditable
to anyone who searches for it, but united with a bitter
censoriousness of the work of others it is of but dimin-
ished and minor value.
It seems strange that out of the dozen or so reviews
of my book which I have seen, some of them written
by reviewers of great reputation, and all of which were
favorable, it remained for a fellow worker in the field
of local history to find my book utterly without merit,
with not a single word of commendation for any feature
of the work.
There may be different views as to the reliability of
my authorities, but such as they are they can be referred
to precisely. My views as to their value may be fairly
challenged, but I deny the charge that my methods
are "unsound " or that my work is "superficial." The
many years I have devoted to a careful collection of
the sources of our local history, and the visible results
thereof, are a sufficient testimony to the thoroughness


1912.]
283
THE
DIAL
of my methods. This will be corroborated, I am sure,
by a " cloud of witnesses " in every historical society and
in every library and university of the state who know
me and know of my work in this field. The important
collections of the Evanston Historical Society, which I
have gathered, without thought of pecuniary reward,
and primarily for the purpose of assisting students in
historical research, may be pointed out in evidence. I
have, indeed, received compensation for some of my
writings, but that was long after I had devoted myself
to a task pursued under immense difficulties and at
great personal sacrifices.
It would seem but natural that those engaged in the
same fields of investigation should cultivate a friendly
feeling towards one another. They might differ as to
methods and values, but they should at least be fair.
My effort was submitted with diffidence, and only after
much urging was it undertaken. I have never presumed
to class myself with professional historians, and have
constantly suggested to publishers that they should
employ such men as professors of history in our great
institutions rather than myself. But having undertaken
the task, I may be allowed to say that my writings on
the subject of Chicago history and North Shore history
are a readable and reasonably accurate presentation, as
has been testified to by a great number of readers and
fair-minded reviewers. j. Seymour Currey.
Evanston, III., October 7,1912.
EARLY PREJUDICES AGAINST GREAT
LITERATURE.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
The editorial in your October 1 issue, on "Classical
Rubbish," has impressed upon me a little personal inci-
dent that may interest your readers in the recounting.
I have a very dear friend, an old lady of about seventy
rears of age,— my mother. Her father was a great
over of books, and I havo been told that the library on
lis old Southern plantation was stocked with some of
he richest stores that could be found. It was burned
luring the war between the States, and, like the remain-
ler of the wealth of the plantation, has faded away in
hat great strife.
It would be impossible to understand exactly how my
nother gained her attitude toward literature, without
Mowing the conditions that surrounded her childhood,
n the matter of reading she seems to have been per-
nitted to do very much as she chose. Her education
?as left to the care of a Northern woman—a spy—who
onducted a school in the heart of the South during the
rar. It was the general belief of the community that
i was unwise to give females too much education, as
usbands did not like intellectual equals. In this atmos-
here she developed a love for the sort of literature of
'hich we hear so much from the average boarding-
;hool girl. She read those books which girls sigh over
i nooks and corners. Possibly it would be unfair to
ive any of the titles, but they were bound in paper
>vers and might be bought for ten or twenty-five cents
jiece.
"Why don't you read this, and this?" I have often
iked her, mentioning certain books by the best writers.
I'm too old to change my ways," she would always
!ply. "You read them, and let me read what I like."
1 hope I was never snobbish about my views on the
ibjeet, yet it worried me a great deal. One day I
'opped into her room with a well-known volume of
ictor Hugo. I begged her to read it. She took the
book from me with a smile and, in her patronizing way,
said she would.
The next day, upon inquiring how she was enjoying
the book, I was greeted with the response that she had
read nearly half of it and had found it stupid. Upon
closer inquiry I found she had but an indistinct idea of
the plot. Thereupon I sat down and read aloud to her
the opening chapters. Thus encouraged she began again
with the volume, and read slowly and carefully. Day
by day she would sit at her window in the warm sun of
the autumn, at times with tears streaming down her face
with sorrow for Jean, and then with eyes twinkling with
smiles for the little waif. She would recount to me
each evening what she had read. Naturally the roman-
tic sections of the book at first appealed to her, then she
became deeply interested in its sociological aspects. I
believe that what she got out of that book amounted to
more than she had ever gained from all her previous
reading.
She told me later that she had always been preju-
diced against books that bore the stamp of literature,
and for this reason she had refused to read the recog-
nized classics. Is not that the basic reason why we have
such a large reading public for the enormous output of
commonplace novels? Is it not because so many of us
are prejudiced, — because so many of us have never
taken the trouble to find out how to enjoy good reading?
Gilmore Iden.
Washington, D.C., October 4,1912.
THE USES OF "CLASSICAL RUBBISH."
(To the Editor of The Diai»)
Allow one appreciative reader to thank you for
your editorial of October 1, on "Classical Rubbish."
Religious scruples perhaps deterred the writer to whom
you refer from putting the Bible in his Hist, where I
suppose it would logically belong if it were judged
simply by its literary merit.
I remember coaching a young fellow years ago for
the university examinations in English, and being
surprised by his almost total lack of response to the
Scriptural quotations or allusions in Burke's speech on
Conciliation with America. The boy was Boston-born,
clever, studious, knew his Paris and Berlin — and
passed all his examinations; but I greatly fear that he
will never be either a good American or a cosmopolitan
of broad human sympathies.
A man may be a dilettante, a diner-out, a class-
conscious elegant idler, with very little knowledge of
the great books; but for a broad, sane spirit of democ-
racy, a hearty acceptance of one's place and function
in the great world, a sense of humor that cries out
against snobbery, send a boy or a girl to the literature
that is "not of an age, but for all time."
The world is no kindergarten for mere pleasure and
play. If I like to read "Lear" and "Cymbeline," so
much the better — and far better; but I shall certainly
read them. If I have a healthy appetite for the strong
meat of the Bible, that is as it should be; but I will
read the Bible whether or no. If I were responsible
for the breeding of a boy, he should take for granted
the old discipline of obedience and make early acquaint-
ance, willy-nilly, with the best books.
You do well, Mr. Editor, in these days of journalism
gone daft, to stand for something better than irrespon-
sible, ephemeral, slipshod, best-selling "literature"
made to sell. James P. Kelley.
Chicago, October 5, 1912.


284
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
George Meredith Himself.*
Much more unanimity of opinion is likely to
obtain in regard to George Meredith's excel-
lence as a letter-writer than has existed in regard
to his significance as novelist and poet. For
the qualities which tended to obscure his art
are scarcely an obstacle in his correspondence;
and certain attractive personal qualities which
tended to be obscured by his art lend the Let-
ters a singular fascination.
Of chief importance to the general reader,
no doubt, will be the fact that Meredith is a
fellow of infinite faculty for being interesting
in detail. It is not improbable, therefore, that
the Letters will have a fate the reverse of that
which fell upon the author's early works,—the
fate of considerable popularity, attended, per-
haps, by considerable over-estimation of the
book's ultimate value. Consideration of that
value will be incidental, in the present review,
to an examination of the autobiographic aspect
of the Letters; since, whatever else may be said
of them, they are bound to have an exceptional
present significance as a revelation of an unique
personality.
This revelation has been in no degree fore-
stalled: a straight road lies before the Letters
across the somewhat meandering ways of Mere-
dithian biography (if the term be at all perti-
nent) and interpretative criticism. These, to be
sure, have widely traversed the country of our
author's personality; but they have been sing-
ularly unsuccessful in opening up the central
region of it. Nor has the reason for that failure
been properly stated in Mr. Hammerton's
"George Meredith in Anecdote and Criticism,"
which has hitherto been our chief authority on
the subject: "His personality is mountainous;
and who lias ever read a description of Mont
Blanc or Vesuvius that would serve for all the
seasons or all its phases of one day, one hour
even?" Rather is it true that the several brilliant
surfaces of that personality have been peculiarly
reflective of certain present-day lights, and the
resultant dazzle has obscured its clear outlines.
Meredithian "biography" has therefore been
unusually vivid and external; typical of it is
Mr. Hammertoes bulky scrap-book, in which
our author is sufficiently sung, drawn, and
"newspapered." Criticism, at the same time,
•The Letters ok Georoe Meredith. Collected and
edited by his son. In two volumes. With portraits. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
has been too busy estimating the good, or evil,
significance of Meredith's various reflections of
our age to lay bare his entity. So that while
a fairly definite conception has arisen of the
central purport of Meredith's younger contem-
poraries—Swinburne, Stevenson, Hardy—his
own remains hazy. From the numerous articles
about him, even from the different chapters of
single books, one may derive quite divergent
notions. These, very roughly speaking, may be
reduced to two general impressions. According
to the one, Meredith is something of a Mont
Blanc — if one may thus twist Mr. Hammerton's
handy imagery; and according to the second,
something of a Vesuvius. In the one picture,
our author wears an appearance of almost classic
calm,— at the least, he towers considerably
above the swift complexity of nineteenth cen-
tury life; whatever of this quality appears in
his mode of expression is but a cloud border,
beyond which a smooth front is opposed to the
heavens, glowing •with ripe intellectual discern-
ment. In the other picture, the subject is quite
volcanically restless with his burden of leading
thought-tendencies of the time; above, the hea-
vens are somewhat obscured, and yet what
an admirable mouthpiece,—what a "spiritual"
mouthpiece, if one's fancy can compass the
image,—our sturdy Vesuvius is of Her on whom
we should chiefly rest our hopes, Mother Earth
"that cannot stop,
Where ever upward is the visible aim."
These two impressions, if traced to their
original sources, are seen to derive—again very
roughly speaking — from two corresponding
divisions of Meredith's works, dealing respect-
ively with man in relation to society and with
man in relation to nature. The first group
includes of course the novels, but also a large
number of the poems; its ground-tone is sounded
by the "Ode to the Comic Spirit." The other
comprises the nature poetry, typical of which
is the greater part of "A Reading of Earth."
In the Letters, the two pictures merge. Mont
Blanc, ceasing to be "mountainous," becomes
the nucleus of a singularly gifted and effective
personality; the other appears simply as an
active mode of this.
Probably no previous author's letters have
been more constantly related to his works than
are Meredith's to his novels. To be sure, as
his editor admits, " many of his intimate friends,
and a large number of his letters to them, do
not for various reasons appear here at all"; and
one must hope that certain important links will
be supplied in time. Yet not only is the cor-


1912.]
285
THE DIAL
respondeiice in its present form comprehensive,
covering practically all of the author's produc-
tive years, but it involves an interesting series
of persons, places, and events made use of in
the novels. The fact that the novels were re-
solutely allusive to contemporary social condi-
tions has thus worked to the advantage of the
Letters: the writer has constantly an artistic
and philosophic interest, as well as a personal
one, in his correspondents and his topics. In
the letters to Janet Duff Gordon (later Mrs.
Ross), to Frederick Maxse, and to William
Hardman we find much of that range of obser-
vation which stimulated the creation not merely
of Rose Jocelyn, Nevil Beauchamp, and Black-
burn Tuckham but of three general character-
types prominent in the novels as a whole and
holding keystone positions in Meredith's social
theory. At the same time we are shown, in
the concrete, the temperamental affiliations and
contrasts between those types of character and
our author himself. To each of the three friends
he turns a distinct and important side of his
nature. To Janet he is always "your poet,"
humorously admitting the larger admixture of
air and fire in his own constitution. The con-
trast, whieh reminds the reader vaguely of that
between Rose Jocelyn and Evan Harrington,
crops out in connection with many topics—for
instance, the Royal Academy exhibit:
"Leighton has a 'Paola and Francesca'; painted
just as the book has dropped and they are in no state
to read more. You' would scorn it; but our friendship
never rested on common sentiments in art. I greatly
admire it. I think it the sole English picture exhibiting
passion that I have seen."
The fact that comparatively few letters to
Mrs. Ross and other of his women friends appear
in the collection will be regretted by those who
think of Meredith chiefly as the creator of Rose,
Diana, and all the others in whom blood and
judgment are so well commingled—or get them-
selves commingled through hard experience.
Apropos of Diana, one is interested to find an
already known circumstance phrased as follows:
"I am just finishing at a great pace a two-volume
novel, to be called ' Diana of the Crossways '— partly
modelled upon Mrs. Norton. But this is between our-
selves. I have had to endow her with brains and make
them evidence to the discerning. I think she lives."
This was written on March 24, 1884; and the
reader who has ground his teeth over the close
of that novel, will experience some malicious
joy when he comes across the following sequel,
written just five months later:
"My ' Diana' still holds me; only by the last chap-
ter; but the coupling of such a woman and her man is
a delicate business. She has no puppet-pliancy. The
truth being, that she is a mother of Experience, and
gives that dreadful baby suck to brains. I have there-
fore a feeble hold of her; none of the novelist's winding-
up arts avail; it is she who leads me."
The numerous letters to Maxse are in several
ways at once the most appealing and the most
illuminating in the collection. They are enliv-
ened by Meredith's brusque, incisive criticisms
of his friend when the two differ in opinion on
such various matters as art, the liquor question,
or the government of Ireland,— on one occasion,
"The hero of Beauchamp's Career just bears
with me, so stiffly have his bristles been rubbed
up by the Irish." Always, however, Meredith's
deep-seated affection for the other is apparent,
especially when he is concerned about the pos-
sible effects of Maxse's impetuosity. Such a
condition arose when, near the beginning of
their intercourse, Maxse fell in love, informed
Meredith, and received in reply just such a
letter of advice as one can imagine Nevil Beau-
champ, mad for Renee, receiving from our au-
thor. That Meredith had Maxse in mind also
when creating Harry Richmond is intimated in
the following:
"I have just finished the History of the inextinguish-
able Sir Harry Firebrand of the Beacon, Knight Errant
of the 19th century, in which mirror you may look and
see—My dear Fred and bis loving friend,
George Mebedith."
But the type of the extremist, who is likely to
run unwittingly into egoism, embraces both of
these characters and is of cardinal importance in
the majority of the novels. With the attempt,
into which his social insight led him, to isolate
that egoism in a single character, Meredith was
dissatisfied,—he says of "The Egoist": "It is
a Comedy with only half of me in it, unlikely
therefore to take either the public or my friends.
This is true truth, but I warned you that I am
cursed with a croak."
A perfect complement to the Maxse letters is
provided by those to Hardman, dubbed "Tuck"
by Meredith in allusion to the friar of earthly
disposition, and characterized as follows: "A
dangerous man, Sir, for he tempteth us to love
this life and esteems it a cherishable thing: yet,
withal, one whom to know once is to desire ever.
For indeed such a one is seldom seen." The
writer's comments on Hardman send our
thoughts not only to Blackburn Tuckham but
to Redworth, Matey Weyburn, and other all-
round, commonsense personages who frequent
the novels. In outline these characters loom up,
indeed, behind the glowing haze of the nature
poems; for surely they are the favorite " sons"
framed by Earth to " read " her, and successful


286
[Oct. 16r
THE DIAL
in doing so if they acquire the requisite infusion
of " spirit " — a quality which, when one turns
a prosaic eye on the poems, appears a somewhat
vague by-product. This quality is of only occa-
sional significance in the Letters; certainly, it
was not essential to Tuck's attractiveness for
Meredith.
"Tuck, Sweet Charmer, tell me why
I'm at ease when you are by?
Have you had ' a round' with Care,
Left him smoshen, stript him bare,
That he never more can try
Falls with me when you are by?
Ah, but when from me you 're screened,
Attrobiliad glows the fiend:
Fire is wet and water dry:
Candles burn cocked hats awry:
Hope her diamond portal shuts,
Grim dyspepsia haunts my — Ahem!"
Beneath the surface of these verses, and of many
scattered passages in the Letters, one catches
glimpses of inward battles, not merely with
dyspepsia but with the universe — with the
universe, our author himself would phrase it,
as seen through the eyes of "that old dragon,
self." And one is enabled to realize the extent
to which self-experience was the ground where
grew that doctrine of self-repression and anti-
sentimentalism so central in Meredith's works.
The reader of those works would scarcely sus-
pect the existence of the tendency referred to in
the following passage, contained in a letter to
Maxse and sounding, for his benefit, the char-
acteristic note of admonishment previously
mentioned:
"As regards Hawthorne, little Meredith admits that
your strokes have truth I strive by study of human-
ity to represent it: not its morbid action. I have a
tendency to do that, which I repress: for, in delineat-
ing it, there is no gain. In all my, truly, very faulty
works, there is this aim. Much of my strength lies in
painting morbid emotion and exceptional positions; but
my conscience will not let me so waste my time."
This conscience of Meredith's, potentially be-
neficent in an age in which sentiment born of
romance had become the foster-sister of science,
was what primarily drew him to the like of
Hardman. Incidentally, the letters to " Tuck"
overflow with the rich joviality and rollicking
nonsense which made Box Hill the resort of
the so-called " Sunday Tramps," captained by
Leslie Stephen. Concerning his reproduction
of Stephen in Vernon Whitford — another of
Earth's favorite sons — Meredith's own words
are: "It is a sketch of L. Stephen, but merely
a sketch, not doing him full justice, though the
strokes without and within are correct."
Such, briefly indicated, are the main high-
ways on which our author gathered the stuff of
his novels. Also numerous side-paths, many of
them leading to illuminating discoveries, will
tempt the reader of the Letters. Another chap-
ter, the one most stimulative of thoughtful
laughter, is the series of epigrammatic judg-
ments passed by the writer on contemporary
authors. It is safe to say that no other one of
them had at once such a real sympathy for his
fellow-craftsmen and such a shrewdly critical
perception of the net significance of their works.
Over-boisterous, indeed, becomes the critique of
the "Idylls of the King"; but then, two poets
have seldom been temperamentally more antipa-
thetic than were the Poet Laureate and Meredith.
It almost exhausts one of the letters to Maxse,
and evinces, incidentally, the characteristic dif-
ference of outlook between the two friends.
Briefer, and often better, are the remarks on
Carlyle, Mill, Ruskin, Swinburne, Rossetti,
Morris, StevensoD, Hugo, and several writers
of lesser note. One may at first wonder at his
keen championship of Carlyle, considering that,
in regard to their fundamental attitudes toward
life, they stand at opposite poles. Carlyle, as
Meredith puts it in a sonnet on the occasion of
the seer's eightieth birthday, "bared the roots
of life with sight piercing"; but, as Meredith
writes elsewhere, "when he descends to our
common pavement—he is no more sagacious
nor useful nor temperate than a flash of light-
ning in a grocer's shop." On the other hand,
it is exactly on the surface of "our common
pavement," with its fringe of nature, that
Meredith himself is most sagacious and tem-
perate; for him, surely, the pavement was all
too solid, and the "roots of life" which he cele-
brates, often intemperately, in his nature poems
have on the whole been dragged in from the
fringe and not dug up from below. In short,
if Carlyle partly aspired to become a critic of
society and remained a seer, Meredith more
fully aspired to become a seer and remained a
critic of society: the course of his development
in this respect may be followed through numer-
ous instances in the Letters, especially when
these are placed side by side with his nature
poetry. This very aspiration of Meredith's,
however, was undoubtedly what made him feel
an affinity with Carlyle. The same extraordi-
nary range and keenness of intellectual vision
which enabled him to steer free of most nine-
teenth century excesses except the scientific one,
and to survey this more fruitfully than could
the romantic Tennyson and Browning on the
one hand, or his humanitarian younger contem-
poraries on the other—the same vision caught


1912.]
287
THE DIAL
glimpses of spiritual heights which "Earth"
had not framed him for climbing.
His somewhat Vesuvian attempts, in his na-
ture poems, to mix those heights with Earth —
both by pouring them molten upon her bosom
and by heaving her skyward to meet them half-
way—are accountable for that secondary picture
of him, mentioned near the beginning, which
one finds in biography and criticism. It has
been the aim of this review to indicate how that
portrait blends with the other " too too solid"
one, also previously described, in the pages of the
Letters. And the student of these will be able
to trace the true picture through many details
more intimately autobiographic than those which
have here been dealt with. For in spite of the
editor's modest assurance that "the collection
is not meant to form a narrative of Meredith's
life," it fulfills that function in a very large
degree. And Meredith's reticence, though it
has robbed curiosity of many palatable partic-
ulars, has been by no means sufficiently stoical
to cloak those larger effects of the chief happen-
ings in his life which are most vital for the study
of his personality. On» discerns, for instance,
that his unfortunate first marriage was much
more important than has been surmised, not
only for the composition of "Modern Love"
but for the whole course of his thought and art.
One notes, in fairly numerous passages, the sig-
nificant combination in his attitude towards
nature of healthy animalism with intellectual
interest; and the lack of what have been gen-
erally considered the deepest emotions in regard
to her. On the other hand, one finds in his
letters to his oldest son an unexpected revela-
tion of tenderness, — the Spartan cloak falls
:juite away, perhaps primarily because the boy
was saved to him from the wreck of the first
marriage. One watches the recuperation of his
emotional, and the revivifying of his artistic,
powers when, several years after his first wife's
leath, he meets the woman who is to be his sec-
>nd wife. And one perceives that "A Reading
>f Earth," composed after her death, records
he effects not merely of this event but of their
vhole life together.
With the mood of this poem-cycle strong
ipon him, Meredith writes on March 16,1888:
"If a man's work is to be of value, the best of him
lust be in it. I have written always with the percep-
on that there is no life but of the spirit; that the con-
re te is really the shadowy; yet that the way to spiritual
fe lies in the complete unfolding of the creature, not
i the nipping of his passions. An outrage to Nature
elps to extinguish his light. To the flourishing of the
>irit, then, through the healthy exercise of the senses."
In this definitive statement of his position,
one notes the strangely Carlylean opening and
then the almost comic descent toward the Mere-
dithian close. If some future student of our
author's works should run across this passage —
let us say, in the coming " age of concentration"
when the outlines of the concept " spirit" shall
have become fairly distinct again — he would
no doubt rub his eyes. He would then perhaps
review his net impression of Meredith's poems
and novels with the aim of discovering in it" the
perception that there is no life but of the spirit;
that the concrete is really the shadowy." One's
net impression of Meredith's works, and now of
his letters also, has in the centre of it, not spirit,
but "Tuck"—a composite, social figure sym-
bolic of things much larger than itself. At least,
when the present reviewer had laid aside the two
volumes of the Letters, he found that the follow-
ing final sentences of an early note to Hardman
remained most vivid in his mind: "I want
restoration. Tuck being absent, I go to
Nature, in her sublimest. Your loving, George
Meredith." Geosge Roy Elliott.
Regenerating Humanity.*
The hope of a regenerated humanity, and a
world made fit to live in for all its inhabitants,
is one that will not be subdued. It has haunted
the imagination of the world's finest intellects,
from Plato to Ruskin; it has obsessed the
thoughts of numberless thousands of plain men
and women. Heroism and devotion have flowed
without stint in its service; renunciation and
sacrifice have been heaped upon its altar. And
yet it may scarcely be said that we have ap-
proached in any conspicuous degree toward a
fulfillment of the dream. Is the problem insol-
uble? Is the world's long-battered fort indeed
unbreachable? Must the hopes of men for their
highest good continue forever to move fatuously
about in worlds unrealized?
Mr. Havelock Ellis thinks not; and in his
new book, "The Task of Social Hygiene," he
unfolds what will seem to many the first con-
structive scheme of social reform that carries
with it the possibilities of even approximate
realization. Here at last we are given a pro-
gramme of social regeneration that is grounded
not upon emotionalism or doctrinaire assump-
tions, but upon the calm definite word of science,
— a hope for the future that seems to bear the
* The Task of Social Hygiene. By Havelock Ellis.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


288
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
sanction of Mother Nature herself. It is a plan
of all-embracing comprehensiveness, dealing
with function no less than with structure, with
character no less than with environment, with
men's souls no less than with their bodies.
"All social hygiene, in its fullest sense, is but an
increasingly complex and extended method of purifica-
tion — the purification of the conditions' of life by sound
legislation, the purification of our own minds by better
knowledge, the purification of our hearts by a growing
sense of responsibility, the purification of the race itself
by an enlightened eugenics, consciously aiding Nature
in her manifest effort to embody new ideals of life. . . .
The questions of social hygiene, as here understood, go
to the heart of life. It is the task of this hygiene not
only to make sewers, but to re-make love, and to do
both in the same large spirit of human fellowship, to
ensure finer individual development aud a larger social
organization. At the one end social hygiene may be
regarded as simply tbe extension of an elementary san-
itary code; at the other end it seems to some to have
in it the glorious freedom of a new religion."
Here, then, is a gospel of the purification and
ennoblement of life from within,—an endeavor
to attain a new joy and a new freedom for the
individual basedon social health and social order.
Indeed so comprehensive is this plan of social
hygiene that it practically supersedes what has
hitherto been known as social reform, embracing
not only the conditions of life but life itself, and
dealing with its subject not in the old haphazard
spirit of social reform but with the organized
and systematic methods of modern biological
science. Just as philanthropy has gradually
evolved from the idea of alms-giving and amel-
ioration to the modern spirit of prevention, so
has social hygiene developed from the primitive
notions of scavenging, drainage, etc., to the
present-day conception of eugenics. The social
and physical and biological sciences are to-day
working hand in hand for the redemption of hu-
manity; and it is in the reaction of these forces
upon the will and intelligence and sense of re-
sponsibility of the individual that the spirit of
social hygiene becomes operative.
Mr. Ellis's book consists of eleven separate
essays, nearly all of which have, we imagine,
seen the light in one place or another during
the past few years. But however seemingly
detached in form and diverse in subject, they
are yet bound together by a singular unity of
spirit. An extended introduction traces the
course of social reform during the past century,
and summarizes the factors that enter into the
new task of social hygiene.
Believing, as every eugenist must, that the
destiny of the race rests with woman, and that
"the most vital problem before our civilization
to-day is the problem of motherhood," Mr. Ellis
naturally gives the foremost place in his volume
to a detailed consideration of the part women
will have to bear in social hygiene. In three
chapters, constituting nearly a fourth of the en-
tire book, he discusses " The Changing Status
of Women," "The New Aspect of the Woman's
Movement," and "The Emancipation of Women
in Relation to Romantic Love." While criti-
cizing unsparingly the follies and mistakes that
have characterized the suffrage movement in
England, he yet affirms that the success of the
cause is essential to a realization of our highest
social aspirations. But the enforcing of woman's
claims as a human being rather than as a woman
is to him only half the task of the woman's move-
ment, and perhaps not the most essential half.
"The full fruition of that movement means that
women . . . shall take their proper share in
legislation for life, not as mere sexless human
beings, but as women, and in accordance with
the essential laws of their own nature as
women."
The following chapter, entitled " The Signi-
ficance of a Falling Birth-Rate," deals with a
subject familiar to us in America under the
flashy designation of "race-suicide." It is a
subject which, as Mr. Ellis says, has been
usually left "to the ignorant preachers of the
gospel of brute force, would-be patriots who
desire their own country to increase at the cost
of all other countries, not merely in ignorance
of the fact that the crude birth-rate is not the
index of increase, but reckless of the effect their
desire, if fulfilled, would have upon all the
higher and finer ends of living." With con-
vincing logic, reinforced at every turn by the
statistics and conclusions of unimpeachable
authorities, Mr. Ellis proves that a falling birth-
rate, instead of indicating degeneration and dis-
aster, is in reality one of the most propitious
signs of social progress, one of the most reassur-
ing evidences of "that calculated forethought,
that deliberate self-restraint for the attainment
of ever more manifold ends, which in its outcome
we term 'civilization.'"
"' Increase and multiply,' was the legendary injunc-
tion uttered on the threshold of an empty world. It is
singularly out of place in an age in which the earth and
the sea, if not indeed the very air, swarm with countless
myriads of undistinguished and indistinguishable human
creatures, until the beauty of the world is befouled and
the glory of the Heavens bedimmed. To stem back that
tide is the task now imposed on our heroism, to elevate
and purify aud refine the race, to introduce the ideal of
quality in place of the ideal of quantity which has run
riot so loug, with the results we see."


1912.]
289
THE
DIAL,
In "Eugenics and Love" and " The Problem
of Sexual Hygiene" are considered some of
the more specific features of the eugenic pro-
gramme. The problem of sexual hygiene seems
to Mr. Ellis largely the problem of sexual en-
lightenment for the young. It is pointed out
that the greatest difficulty and danger in such
enlightenment lie in the fact that those whom
we most depend upon as teachers are themselves
untaught. But notwithstanding this and other
serious obstacles, sexual hygiene must be under-
taken, and it will, "if wisely carried out, effect
far more for public morals than all the legisla-
tion in the world."
There is no more valuable chapter in the vol-
ume than that on "Immorality and the Law."
Americans, particularly, are prone to believe in
legislative short-cuts to the kingdom of heaven.
But it is a matter of almost universal experience
that attempts at moralization by law not only
fail dismally to cure the evils aimed at, but
actually tend to dignify and fortify those evils,
and often result in furthering other evils far
worse than those attacked. The spiritual evil
of immorality, Mr. Ellis tells us, can never be
suppressed by physical means, —only by oppos-
ing spiritual force to spiritual force may vic-
tory be hoped for. In the moral sphere, "the
generalizing hand of law can only injure and
stain."
A masterly statement of the forces now work-
ing for international peace is contained in the
chapter entitled," The War against War." It is
doubtful if a more sane and searching analysis
of the subject was ever before given in the same
limited space. Throwing sentimentalism over-
board at the outset by stating that "the influ-
ence of the Religion of Peace has in this matter
been less than nil," Mr. Ellis goes on to sum-
marize the various social and economic factors
;hat are now warring so powerfully against war,
md which are bound to triumph in the end.
"The only question that remains—and it is a question
he future alone will solve — is the particular point at
rhich this ancient and overgrown stronghold of war,
iow being invested so vigorously from so many sides,
rill filially be overthrown, whether from within or from
without, whether by its own inherent weakness, by the
ersuasive reasonableness of developing civilization, by
he self-interest of the commercial and financial classes,
r by the ruthless indignation of the proletariat. That
i a problem still insoluble, but it is not impossible that
>me already living may witness its solution."
Such subjects as "Religion and the Child"
nd "The Problem of an International Lan-
uage" will seem at first blush rather unrelated
> the general theme of the book. Yet in reality
they bear a close connection. "Social Hygiene
renders education a far larger and more delicate
task than it has ever been before"; and "the
organization of international methods of social
intercourse between peoples of different tongues
and unlike traditions" is one of "the tasks,
difficult but imperative, which Social Hygiene
presents and the course of modern civilization
renders insistent."
The old controversy between Individualism
and Socialism is dealt with in the final chapter.
After clearly and fairly stating the case for
each camp, Mr. Ellis concludes that not only
are both absolutely right, but that in reality
they are scarcely opposed. "We have only to
remember that the field of each is distinct. No
one needs Individualism in his water supply,
and no one needs Socialism in his religion."
Each is complementary and indispensable to the
other. "We socialize what we call our physical
life in order that we may attain greater freedom
for what we call our spiritual life." Thus the
divergencies of the two schools are essential to
the purposes of social hygiene. "The separate
initiative and promulgation of the two tendencies
encourages a much more effective action, and
best promotes that final harmony of the two
extremes which the finest human development
needs."
The foregoing is but a feeble summary of
Mr. Ellis's volume, but it may serve to indicate
something of the scope and significance and
value of the book's substance. Of its splendid
spirit,—its sanity and insight, its liberality
and flexibility of thought, its large sympathy,
its comprehensive scientific and philosophical
groundwork, its masterly interpretation of the
past as a basis for speculations about the future,
its convincing reasonableness,—of all this we
can give no adequate notion here, but must leave
for the reader himself to discover and enjoy.
It is an inspiring and reassuring volume, which
deserves not one but several readings from
everyone who takes anything more than a pre-
datory interest in the social organism. More
than any other book that we know of, it arouses
in the reader an enthusiastic faith that the
world may yet see a realization of the prayer
of Paracelsus:
"Make no more giants, God,
But elevate the race at once! We ask
To put forth just our strength, our human strength,
All starting fairly, all equipped alike,
Gifted alike, all eagle-eyed, true-hearted —
See if we cannot beat thine angels yet!"
Waldo R. Browne.


290
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL,
Mark Twain.*
"When I was younger," said Mark Twain in
later life, "I could remember anything, whether
it happened or not; but I am getting old, and
soon I shall remember only the latter."
Hence the need of a more accurate and de-
tailed account of his life than is furnished in the
autobiographical chapters he himself wrote in
his last years for the benefit of posterity. This
need has been met by the elaborate three-volume
biography prepared with infinite care by his au-
thorized biographer, Mr. Albert Bigelow Paine,
who has devoted six years to the work, journey-
ing half-way around the world to trace the great
humorist's footsteps and visit the haunts fre-
quented by him in different lands, and for four
years of the six living in close daily intercourse
with him. The result is a book so filled with
the spirit of Mark Twain as to vie in interest
with his own works and to furnish an extent and
variety of entertainment hardly to be found in
any other recent biography. It is certainly one
of the notable books of its class.
It was over the billiard-table that our Boswell
became best acquainted with his Johnson; here,
as he says, "the disparity of ages no longer
existed, other discrepancies no longer mattered.
The pleasant land of play is a democracy where
such things do not count." And further:
"To recall all the humors and interesting happenings
of those early billiard-days would be to fill a large vol-
ume. I can preserve no more than a few characteristic
phases.
"He was not an even-tempered player. When the
balls were perverse in their movements and his aim un-
steady, he was likely to become short with his opponents
— critical and even fault-finding. Then presently a
reaction would set in, and he would be seized with
remorse. He would become unnecessarily gentle and
kindly—even attentive—placing the balls as I knocked
them into the pockets, hurrying from one end of the
table to render this service, endeavoring to show in
every way except by actual confession in words that he
was sorry for what seemed to him, no doubt, an unworthy
display of temper, unjustified irritation.
"Naturally this was a mood that I enjoyed less than
that which had induced it. I did not wish him to
humble himself; I was willing that he should be severe,
even harsh, if he felt so inclined; his age, his position,
his genius entitled him to special privileges; yet I am
glad, as I remember it now, that the other side revealed
itself, for it completes the sum of his great humanity.
"Indeed, he was always not only human, but super-
human; not only a man, but superman. Nor does this
term apply only to his psychology. In no other human
• Mark Twain. A Biography. The Personal and Liter-
ary Life of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. By Albert Bigelow
Paine. With letters, comments, and incidental writings
hitherto unpublished; also new episodes, anecdotes, etc. In
three volumes. Illustrated. New York: Harper & Brothers.
being have I ever seen such physical endurance. I was
comparatively a young man, and by no means an invalid;
but many a time, far in the night, when 1 was ready to
drop with exhaustion, he was still as fresh and buoyant
and eager for the game as at the moment of beginning.
He smoked and smoked continually, and followed the
endless track around the billiard-bible with the light
step of youth. At three or four o'clock in the morning
he would urge just one more game, and would taunt
me for my weariness."
This intimate personal relation between the
two it was worth while to illustrate even by a
somewhat extended quotation. To the biog-
rapher "the association was invaluable; it drew
from him a thousand long-forgotten incidents;
it invited a stream of picturesque comments and
philosophies; it furnished the most intimate
insight into his character." It has been said
by those who knew Mark Twain well that the
culmination of his genius was reached only in
these unpremeditated bursts of oral discourse,
as splendid in their combination of imagery and
poetry and philosophy, of humor and pathos and
deep human feeling, as they were impossible to
reproduce afterward on paper. This rich hu-
manity of the man his biographer has fully
recognized and has, to a marked degree, put
into the pages that picture his life.
The main outlines of Mark Twain's life-
history are by this time known to all the world,
and need not here be sketched. Space can
better be utilized in conveying, by allusion and
quotation, some idea of the wealth of variously
interesting matter that goes to fill Mr. Paine's
three ample volumes. Some specimen chapters
have already seen the light, in serial publication,
but they hardly skim even the cream of the work
as a whole. In the flashes of light thrown by
the biographer's pen on certain less familiar
sides of the many-sided humorist and philoso-
pher, one cannot fail to note his emphatic likes
and dislikes in literature. That this master of
luminous prose should have kindled with enthu-
siasm over the tortuous poetry of Browning is
rather surprising; but having accepted the fact,
one is prepared to hear that he was equally fond
of Meredith, when, disappointing expectation
again, he shows himself quite the reverse. The
Meredithian characters were to him ingeniously
contrived puppets, not human beings; and when
"Diana of the Crossways" was read aloud to
him he was likely to say: "It does n't seem to
me that Diana lives up to her reputation. The
author keeps telling us how smart she is, how
brilliant, but I never seem to hear her say
anything smart or brilliant. Read me some of
Diana's smart utterances." Most noteworthy


1912.]
291
THE DIAL.
and most surprising of all was his passionate
embrace of the Baconian craze. One would sup-
pose that the barefoot scapegrace of those early
Missouri days which he has so well depicted in
"Tom Sawyer" would have been the last to
deny, on coming into his own, the possibility of
the Stratford poacher's developing into a great
poet and dramatist. And yet, in conversation
with Mr. Paine he declared that Shakespeare
could not have written the plays bearing his
name. "There's evidence that he couldn't," he
said. "It required a man with the fullest legal
equipment to have written them. When you
have read Greenwood's book you will see how
untenable is any argument for Shakespeare's
authorship." But we have Mark Twain's little
volume, "Is Shakespeare Dead?" and it is
enough to enjoy the literary charm of it without
puzzling further over the reason of its author's
heresy. Let us pass to things more truly char-
acteristic of the man. Here is a letter writ-
ten by him to his lecture-manager, Kedpath, in
the days when the author of "The Innocents
Abroad " was achieving his first great popularity
as a public entertainer on the platform:
"Dear Red,—I am different from other women; my
mind changes oftener. People who have no mind can
easily be steadfast and firm, but when a man is loaded
down to the guards with it, as I am, every heavy sea of
foreboding or inclination, maybe of indolence, shifts
the cargo. See? Therefore, if you will notice, one
week I am likely to give rigid instructions to confine
me to New England; the next week send me to Arizona;
the next week withdraw my name; the next week give
you full, untrammeled swing; and the week following
modify it. You must try to keep the run of my mind,
Redpath; it is your business, being the agent, and it was
always too many for me. . . . Yours, Mark."
The interesting though somewhat distressing
story of Mark Twain's stupefying oratorical
effort at the Whittier dinner in Boston, Decem-
ber 17,1877, is told more fully than it has ever
been told before, with letters to and from the
chief actors in that little tragedy —or tragi-
comedy, as at this distance of time we can regard
it. The good humor shown and evidently felt
by the Olympian trinity whom the tactless
speech was supposed to have affronted helped
to rescue the penitent speaker from despair. It
appears, also, that the most revered of that
trinity, Emerson, failed to take in a single syl-
lable of the speech, having lapsed temporarily
into that happy oblivion which more and more
held him in unconsciousness of outer happen-
ings toward the end of his life. A kind letter
from his daughter Ellen to Mrs. Clemens, in in-
direct response to one from Clemens to Emerson,
is made public in the book. It must have greatly
soothed the whole family. Concerning the un-
fortunate speech itself and Mark Twain's later
alternating opinions of it, Mr. Paine well says:
"Of course the first of these impressions, the verdict
of the fresh mind uninfluenced by the old conception,
was the more correct one. The speech was decidedly
out of place in that company. The skit was harmless
enough, but it was of the Comstock grain. It lacked
refinement, and, what was still worse, it lacked humor,
at least the humor of a kind suited to that long-ago
company of listeners. It was another of those grievous
mistakes which genius (and not talent) can make, for
genius is a sort of possession. The individual is per-
vaded, dominated for a time by an angel or an imp, and
he seldom, of himself, is able to discriminate between
his controls. A literary imp was always lying in wait
for Mark Twain; the imp of the burlesque, tempting
him to do the outre, the outlandish, the shocking thing.
It was this that Olivia Clemens had to labor hardest
against: the cheapening of his own high purpose with
an extravagant false note, at which sincerity, conviction,
and artistic harmony took wings and fled away. Notably
he did a good burlesque now and then, but his fame
would not have suffered if he had been delivered alto-
gether from his besetting temptations."
The debt that both his public and his fame
owe to his faithful censor, Mrs. Clemens, is lar-
ger than many persons have ever suspected. The
piles of manuscript that he uncomplainingly
threw aside at her bidding, must have far ex-
ceeded in bulk those other piles that went to
the printer and contributed to the world's lasting
entertainment. One other brief selection from
the biographer's few critical comments on Mark
Twain's books is worth giving to call renewed
attention to that exquisite creation of the
author's finer genius, the nobly conceived "Joan
of Arc."
"But this is just the wonder of Mark Twain's Joan.
She is a saint; she is rare, she is exquisite, she is all that
is lovely, and she is a human being besides. Considered
from every point of view, Joan of Arc is Mark Twain's
supreme literary expression, the loftiest, the most deli-
cate, the most luminous example of his work. It is so
from the first word of its beginning, that wonderful
'Translator's Preface,' to the last word of the last chap-
ter, where he declares that the figure of Joan with the
martyr's crown upon her head shall stand for patriotism
through all time."
The drama of the strange and yet always
intensely real and human life unrolled in Mr.
Paine's three volumes must be read as a con-
nected whole to be best enjoyed. Snatches and
fragments seem to do it injustice. Yet it may
be not out of place here to quote from the
author's own account of his memorable meeting
with the subject of his book when the writing
of that book was first proposed to him. The
occasion was a dinner given to Mark Twain in
New York.
"The night of January 5, 1906, remains a memory
apart from other dinners, firander Matthews presided,


292
[Oct. 16%
THE DIAL.
and Gilder was there, and Frank Millet and Willard
Metcalf and Robert Re id, and a score of others; some
of them are dead now, David Munro among them. It
so happened that my seat was nearly facing the guest
of the evening, who, by custom of The Players, is
placed at the side and not at the end of the long table.
He was no longer frail and thin, as when I had first
met him. He had a robust, rested look; his complexion
had the tints of a miniature painting. Lit by the glow
of the shaded candles, relieyed against the dusky
richness of the walls, he made a picture of striking
beauty. One could not take his eyes from it, and to
one guest at least it stirred the farthest memories. I
suddenly saw the interior of a farm-house sitting-room
in the Middle West, where I had first heard uttered
the name of Mark Twain, and where night after night
a group gathered around the evening lamp to hear the
tale of the first pilgrimage, which, to a boy of eight,
had seemed only a wonderful poem and fairy tale. To
Charles Harvey Genung, who sat next to me, I whis-
pered something of this, and how, during the thirty-six
years since then, no other human being to me had
meant what Mark Twain had meant — in literature,
in life, in the ineffable thing which means more than
either, and which we call 1 inspiration,' for lack of a
truer word. Now here he was, just across the table.
It was the fairy tale come true. Genung said: 'You
should write his life.'"
And so in the end it came about that this
writer from the Middle West wrote the life of
that other writer from the Middle West, and
he has written it so fully and satisfactorily that
no one need in the future go over the same
ground again. Mark Twain will of course con-
tinue to be written about and talked about,
and his books will form the subjects of critical
comment and expert appreciation, to which the
present biography happily does not pretend to
devote itself; but the authoritative life of the
great humorist has been written, and in a way
to insure a reading hardly less wide than that
which Mark Twain's own books receive. In
wealth of illustration and other details of its
make-up, the book will not disappoint.
Percy F. Bicknell.
England and the American
Revolution.*
Among the many English men of affairs
who have found time and leisure to satisfy a
passion for historic research, Sir George Otto
Trevelyan holds an honored place. Sir George
was for many years an influential member of
Parliament. He has also held ministerial offices
of high rank, and was at one time a leader in
the councils of the Liberal party. When the
• Geoboe the Third and Charles James Fox. Being
the Concluding Part of "The American Revolution." By
the Right Hon. Sir George Otto Trevelyan, Bart., O.M. In
two volumes. Volume I. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
party split in 1886 on the question of Irish
home rule, Mr. Trevelyan was one of the chiefs
among the Liberal-Unionist seceders. Since
then he has gradually withdrawn from public
activities and has given his time to literary
pursuits, especially to the study of history in
the eighteenth century.
In our own country he is, perhaps, best
known as the author of a history of the Amer-
ican Revolution, three volumes of which have
appeared under that title. But still earlier, as
long ago as 1880, he had published "The Early
History of Charles James Fox." He now give*
us a continuation of both these ventures in a-
work entitled " George the Third and Charles
James Fox." It is planned to publish this in
two volumes, the first of which has appeared.
It happens frequently that a title does not
accurately describe the contents of a book, and
such is the case in the present instance. Fox
is not unusually prominent in the narrative; his
relationship with George III. is discussed only
incidentally; and the American Revolution is
only one of the many subjects discussed. The
volume is a military and political history of
England during the years 1778 to 1780, a
period when England stood alone against nearly
all Europe, facing hostility, active or passive,
commercial or military, almost everywhere.
The author's position with respect to the war
in America is well known: the fight for self-
government in England was won in America;
the system of personal government that George
III. strove to fasten upon the English nation
was discredited by his failure to conquer the
Americans and his purposes were defeated.
The effort to coerce the colonies was not only
unwise but unjust, and the government should
not have forced matters to the issue of war.
But after hostilities had become a fact, the war
should have been fought in a different spirit.
It was carried on by a group of corrupt and
incapable men whose inefficiency and stupid
carelessness stir the author almost to the point
of anger. Especially does he find incompetence
in the admiralty; and as a former secretary in
that department, Sir George must be presumed
to know what an efficient management of the
navy should imply. Lord Sandwich is charac-
terized as "the most negligent administrator
who ever sat at the head of the table in the
admiralty Board-room." "When Keppel's mes-
senger arrived in the last days of June of 1778,
bringing the momentous intelligence that the
British fleet had retired from before Brest and
had got back to Portsmouth, neither the First


1912.] THE
DIAL 293
Lord nor the Secretary of the Admiralty could
be found to unseal the dispatches." And this
was in a department where watchfulness never
ceases, and sleep is almost unknown.
Against this negligence and corruption
Charles James Fox raised his voice again and
again, and a marvellously effective voice it was.
The picture that is given of the mighty debater
is sympathetic in every line. Fox was no longer
the young profligate; the period of his reforma-
tion had begun.
"He ceased to gamble. He lived contented within
his slender means. His home-life with the woman
whom he loved . . . was admired by his uncensorious
contemporaries as a model of domestic affection, and
mutual sympathy in the insatiable enjoyment of good
literature and quiet rural pleasures. Nothing at last
remained of the old Charles James Fox except the
frankness and friendliness, the inexhaustible good na-
ture, the indescribable charm of manner, and the utter
absence of self-importance and self-consciousness, which
combined to make him, at every period of his existence,
the best fellow in the world."
The author also describes the great triumphs of
Fox in the House of Commons; but they were
personal triumphs and meant little for the cause
that he represented, for the majority had sold
its conscience to the king.
Of the Earl of Chatham we have the conven-
tional picture. In the intellectual make-up of
George III., the author finds a few admirable
qualities, but very few. Much attention is given
to the king's absolutist ideas and to the venal
methods that he employed to secure his author-
ity. For Burke, Sir George professes the great-
est admiration. "So full and cultured a mind
as Burke's,— so vivid an imagination and so
intense and catholic an interest in all human
affairs, past and present,— have never been
placed at the service of the state by anyone ex-
cept Cicero." The author also bears testimony
to the abilities of Admiral Howe and by way of
contrast to the incompetence of the French ad-
mirals, particularly D'Estaing. But the only
man whose greatness was unalloyed, whose deeds
were above criticism, was George Washington.
The closing chapter in the volume, in which
is discussed the treason of Arnold and the death
of Andrl, is one of great interest. Without
showing any sympathy for the traitor, Mr.
Trevelyan fully appreciates Benedict Arnold's
great abilities in the field, and has hard words
for the American Congress which unjustly
wounded the general's over-sensitive pride and
thus strengthened him in his disloyal purposes.
Full justice is done to the traitor's estimable
and innocent wife.
"Arnold was the waster; and his wife, during a hard
and life-long struggle with adversity, showed herself a
notable saver and manager for the protection of her hus-
band's financial credit, and of her children's future. And
the beginning and end of Margaret Arnold's reputed dis-
affection to the American cause was that as a girl she
had danced minuets with royal officers, and that as a
married woman she had refused to exclude from her
ball-room the wives and daughters of Loyalists and
Tories."
The importance of Arnold's defection, for the
American cause, is clearly brought out. "The
revelation of Arnold's treachery created a power-
ful and lasting reaction in American opinion."
The results were not despair but horror, indig-
nation, and patriotic fervor. The author is also
careful to bring out the fact that while Arnold
after the war apparently enjoyed the favor of
the English court, "London society set its face
sternly and inexorably against him. . . . In poli-
tical and fashionable circles he was shunned by
most of the Whigs, and by many Tories."
Much has been written in recent years about
the American war and the conditions that gave
birth to revolution; but this literature is appar-
ently unknown to the present author, — at least
he ignores its conclusions. We are, for instance,
told once more that the king dismissed Pitt to
make room for Bute, — an old view that Von
Ruville in his great biography of Pitt has
clearly shown to be erroneous. Mr. Trevelyan
cannot be ignorant of the fact that recent En-
glish students who look at history from the view-
point of the modern imperialist have come to
regard the struggle in America as the result of
an effort to organize the British empire, which
successful warfare had given almost magical
growth; but he seems not to have accepted these
views. And perhaps it is too much to expect
that the nephew of Lord Macaulay should accept
and exploit the opinions of the imperialistic
Tories. Laurence M. Larson.
Man and Civilization.*
It is, perhaps, by this time, a commonplace
thought that we are passing through a period
of social and cultural change in comparison
with which the French Revolution was a simple
and easily accomplished transition. Certainly
we lack the faith and optimism with which the
sanguine spirits of that day regarded their
reconstructive programmes. In fact the more
reflective spirits of to-day are apt, as they survey
* Main Ccrkehts of Modern Thought. A Study of
the Spiritual and Intellectual Movements of the Present
Day. Translated from the German of Rudolf Eucken, by
Meyrick Booth. New York: Charles Scribner'sSons.


294
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
the present course of civilization, to cry with the
late William Vaughn Moody:
"... Does she know her port,
Though she goes so far about?
Or blind astray, does she make her sport
To brazen and chance it out.
I watched her when her captains passed:
She were better eaptainless.
Men in the cabin, before the mast,
But some were reckless and some aghast,
And some sat gorged at mess."
Such an extremity as this should be philoso-
phy's opportunity, and the extremity has come
home in an unique measure to one present-day
philosopher, Rudolf Eucken of Jena. He is
known to English readers already by some half
dozen books, notably " The Problem of Human
Life," "Life's Basis and Life's Ideal," and
"The Truth of Religion," all of which have
very recently been translated into English, and
for the writing of which the author has been
awarded a Nobel Prize for Literature. Eucken
is not a system builder, not a philosopher of the
old argumentative and intellectualistic type, but
a passionate and powerful preacher, a theologian
in one sense, and a deeply religious spirit.
Withal, he has the historic sense and the critical
sense both highly developed. Consequently we
may expect to find in his work valuable estima-
tions of past and present tendencies, thorough
destructive analyses of the attempted solutions
of our world riddles and life riddles, a strenuous
insistence on the rights of the spirit; and we find
all thia in greater measure than any explicit and
reasoned world view ready to be assimilated by
the understanding of the seeker.
The situation of human life at the present
day as Eucken sees it is almost as gloomy as
that portrayed in Moody's lines. He sees the
ship of life advancing, indeed, but into danger-
ous seas. The situation which he sketches is
briefly as follows. The great scientific and
technological advances of recent years have given
man an unprecedented mastery over the world
without. His experiences have been multiplied
a hundred fold. His powers over nature have
increased to the point of practical mastery. But
that mastery has been gained at the expense of
the old idea that man was central in the universe.
The laws that he discovers are immediately seen
to cover himself and his activities. Particularly
the idea of evolution exhibits man as the product
of a material environment, struggling with it
and his fellows for material goods. Nature be-
comes, in the words of Schwegler, an unspirit-
ualized mass, and an object for man only as it
is subservient to his sensuous greeds and needs.
This situation may be met in various ways.
The most logical way, and the one which has
been most energetically pushed, is the socialistic
doctrine of work. If we accept this doctrine,
"Morality becomes altruism, a working for the
good of society; art finds no higher task than
the sympathetic and accurate representation of
social conditions; education endeavors rather to
elevate the general level of culture than to de-
velop anything individual." But is there any
reason in things for the individual willingly to
allow himself thus to be used for the good of the
whole, as means and not end? Certainly not
on the naturalistic hypothesis. Briefly, Eucken
condemns all merely socialistic solutions of the
life problem because they first in theory reduce
man to an animal (not to put too fine a point
upon it) and then call upon him in practice to
act as a man and a "soldier of the common
good." No, the more logical way of meeting a
life situation which is condemned to the realm
of nature is to refuse to do other than make the
best of things for one's self. This position has
also been pretty thoroughly exploited under
various forms of aesthetic individualism. In
this scheme of life, art is divorced from morality
and made supreme. In this view the content of
art is set aside as being irrelevant, and form is
hailed as its all in all. But form in itself only
appeals to the senses, and confers no inner free-
dom. "Genuine independence is to be found
only when the creative work proceeds solely from
an inner necessity of the artist's own nature.
But this cannot take place unless there is some-
thing to say, nay, to reveal. Mere virtuosity
knows no such necessity."
Let us glance at one more tendency of the
day before passing to the constructive contribu-
tion which Eucken makes to the solution of the
world problem. That tendency is the pragmatic
movement which is at one with Eucken in its
reaction against intellectualism, materialism,
and mere SBstheticism. Pragmatism, of course,
would estimate truth by its service to humanity.
Does the god idea seem to function well in
society? If it does, then a god let us have.
In his criticism of this movement Eucken best
exhibits his own position. W^ith its insistence
upon action as against thought as the primary
concern of life, Eucken is in agreement. But
obviously pragmatism is humanistic. It cannot
go beyond man even when it reaches out to god.
"When the good of the individual and humanity
becomes the highest aim and the guiding principle, truth
sinks to the level of a merely utilitarian opinion. This
is destructive of inner life. All the power of conviction
that truth can possess must disappear the moment it is


1912.]
295
THE DIAL
seen to be a mere means. . . . Finally, the chief aim
and end of pragmatism — the success and enrichment
of human life — is as an end by no means free from
objection. By human life is here meant civilized life on
the broad scale; but in order to regard this life as so
surely good, one must be inspired by the optimistic
enthusiasm for human culture which was more character-
istic of earlier ages than it is of our own. Is this life,
when taken as in itself the final thing, really worth all
the trouble and excitement, all the work and effort, all
the sufferings and sacrifices that it costs?"
Life can only be worth while, thinks Eucken,
if there is more in it than pragmatism can
guarantee,—only if the life of man be taken
up into a realm of reality which transcends the
human and is independent of it. This realm is
no merely human affair, but represents a new
stage in reality into which man who is, under
one aspect, a being of nature, enters and thereby
becomes more than a being of nature,—becomes
a being having his dependence on, and suste-
nance from, the eternal itself.
This is the conception which dictates Eucken's
stalwart individualism. As against those think
era who claim that man can only enter into spiri-
tual life as a member of society,—who claim
that the emotional lift which the presence of a
similarly minded and intentioned crowd gives to
each member of it is at once the basis and the
end of religion,— Eucken holds that for the
individual to lean on crowd or on State is to
impoverish himself. Eucken is not an advocate
of what he calls "mere individual freedom," as
he has for man as a mere "specimen of a spe-
cies" nothing but contempt. But the mutual
relationships of individuals "must proceed from
their own personal decision and free agreement."
And, "failing this free unity the tendency is
more and more for men to fall back on the State."
The reason for this is "because the individual,
on account of the breaking down of traditional
relationships and the thorough insecurity of his
own position, yearns after some sort of firm
hold, because he wishes to see his existence in
some way valued and protected by the whole."
And "what shaping of human conditions will
result therefrom lies for the time being in pro-
found obscurity." With the cry of democracy
for this security, and also for a share in culture,
Eucken sympathizes, but in the ability of a
democracy to operate in anything but a "vul-
garizing, shallowing, narrowing, and negating
fashion" unless it be led by strong individual-
ities,—themselves the fruits of spiritual culture,
— he has little faith. He sees such a democracy
degenerate into a sleek, materialistic type of life
which shall be destructive of all spiritual values
and hence self-destructive.
We may well admit with Eucken that human-
istic culture as it exhibits itself before us
to-day is nothing to boast about. We may agree
with his denunciations of unmoral art, unspiri-
tual work, and uninspired might of numbers, as
means and methods of solving the problems of
life. If we do this we must either admit hu-
manity's defeat in its struggle for spiritual ex-
istence, or we must accept some such solution
of the question as Eucken offers us in his idea
of the independent spiritual life. But the
reader who reaches this point in agreement
with him will be disappointed with the working
out of that conception itself. He will wander
from volume to volume of Eucken's works
looking for a really clear and understandable
statement of this life. He will read that it is
achievable by man but not created by him, that
it is a personal inner world and yet that it is
cosmic. The transition to it he will not be able
to see. He will probably conclude that Eucken
takes it for granted because he feels that we
need it. But if the reader is content to give
his own interpretation to Eucken's phrase, and
to enter rather into Eucken's spirit in uttering
it, he will find him not only an efficient guide
to the maze of modern life but one who on the
whole enables us to transcend the disillusion-
ments to which he exposes us in his critique of
our cultural limitations.
Llewellyn Jones.
Briefs on New Books.
The lure of u Written from a life-long knowledge
a bo^*ller°™ an<^ l°ve °f the Bookselling Trade,"
itandpoint. Mr. Joseph Shaylor's collection of
articles entitled "The Fascination of Books, with
Other Papers on Books and Bookselling" (Putnam)
has a certain practical, observational, time-tested
quality that commands the reader's respectful atten-
tion and gives him the comfortable feeling of having
both feet always on the solid ground. The eighteen
chapters deal with questions interesting to book-
publishers, book-sellers, and book-readers alike, and
are at least partly collected from leading English
magazines and reviews and the "Encyclopaedia
Britannica." The glimpses that the author gives of
book-publishing customs in the pre-copyright past
(before 1710) impress one with the number and
magnitude of the abuses formerly nourishing for
the enrichment of the unscrupulous. A popular
writer's name became common property, a label
affixed by the bookseller at pleasure to any produc-
tion in order to expedite its sale. The book-trade is
not even yet blamelessly conducted, but its progress
toward high ethical standards is seen to have been
considerable. Mr. Shaylor gives the bookseller no


296
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
mean rank. He says: "Booksellers may console
themselves by being classed with those who follow
literature as a profession, and of whom Froude has
said,'It happens to be the only occupation in which
wages are not given in proportion to the goodness
of the work done.'" His paper on "Some Old Li-
braries" might at first glance mislead by its title;
it discusses, not libraries as the word is commonly
understood, but certain early Victorian series of
books, such as the Parlour Library, the Railway
Library, the Popular Library of Modern Authors,
and others. In a timely chapter on "The Use and
Abuse of Book Titles" the author fails to set the
seal of his disapproval on that too common abuse
whereby the same English or American book appears
under different names on the two sides of the Atlantic
— a source of vexation to booksellers, as well as to
librarians and others, which he doubtless deplores.
Another cause of bewilderment to the trade is the
heedless ordering of a book by the heading prefixed
to a critic's review of it—an inadvertence for which
Mr. Shaylor does not blame the reviewer, though
he regrets its frequency and the trouble and loss of
time it occasions to the busy bookseller. A pleasing
portrait of this cultured and courteous English book-
connoisseur faces the title-page of his informing
and entertaining volume.
The latett Li/e '^x6 perennial interest which has
of Napoieon'i always surrounded everything per-
ftritwi/e. taining to Napoleon clings in no
small degree to the name of his first wife, the
Empress Josephine, whose career was so closely
bound up with his down to 1810, the year of their
divorce. The latest narrative of her life is from the
pen of Baron de Meneval, published in an English
translation by Messrs. Lippincott. It curiously pur-
ports to be an "autobiography," and the publishers'
announcement states that "the author has set him-
self the task of justifying, by means of authentic
documents in his possession, the evidences of respect
and esteem rendered to the memory of the Empress
Josephine by the Duke of Reichstadt" (Napoleon's
son by Marie Louise of Austria). Notwithstanding
the fact that Meneval's sources include many letters
and other documents hitherto unpublished, it cannot
be said that he has greatly increased the store of
information already available and utilized in such
popular sketches as those by Miss Ida Tarbell
and Miss Harriet A. Guerber, and especially in the
standard Life of Josephine by Aubenas (1859).
These facts, however, he has re-assembled and added
to; and from them he has painted a pleasing picture
of the graceful and affectionate woman who held
for so long the heart of the world's conqueror. He
admits her extravagance and her occasional indis-
cretions; but he gives her the benefit of every doubt,
and reserves his invectives, naturally enough, for
Marie Louise, who supplanted her, and for Fouche",
the treacherous minister of police, who probably
deserves all the odium that has been heaped upon
him. Napoleon is treated with great consideration
and respect, and is deprived of none of the halo
with which most Frenchmen have invested him.
The English version, by Mr. D. D. Fraser, is gener-
ally smooth and idiomatic; but the proof-reading has
been, in some places, very carelessly done. "Anti-
podes," on page 18, should probably be "Antilles";
and some especially unfortunate slips are found in
the first two sentences of the book, in which the
heroine is twice referred to by the masculine pro-
noun, and Louis XVI. is made to do duty for his
predecessor.
Some Salem ^n 'he8e days when the old wooden
thtp-ownert oj whalers and merchantmen are be-
the olden time. COming more and more of a rarity
in our New England ports, such a book as Mr.
Robert E. Peabody's "Merchant Venturers of Old
Salem" (Houghton) serves as a welcome reminder
of that vanished era of American ship-building and
ocean-voyaging before the whole habitable globe and
navigable sea had been made an open and familiar
book to every school-boy. In his volume, which is
described in its sub-title as "A History of the Com-
mercial Voyages of a New England Family to the
Indies and Elsewhere in the XVIII Century," the
author traces the business fortunes of the historic
Derby family of Salem, and incidentally brings in
other shipmasters and navigators, notably Captain
Nathaniel Silsbee, Nathaniel Bowditch, and Richard
Cleveland, grandfather of President Cleveland. It
was Elias Hasket Derby who raised the family name
to preeminence in Salem by his mastery of the busi-
ness of ocean trading, and a picture of the mansion
he built for the enjoyment of his later opulent years,
after the vexations and losses of Revolutionary times
were well in the past, shows him to have been a
grandee of more than parochial prominence. Atten-
tion is called, in the closing pages, to the debt which
our country'8 growth and prosperity owe to these
early ship-owners who pushed their commerce into
all parts of the world and made the new nation
widely known and respected. A still greater debt,
it might have been added, do we owe these enter-
prising traders for the new thought and wider out-
look which they brought into the narrow intellectual
life of Puritan New England — a stimulus that had
a direct bearing on the educational and religious
development of that corner of our country. Mr.
Peabody's preface is written at Marblehead, and
from this and other indications the book appears to
have come into being in the very atmosphere of
those traditions it so agreeably hands down to future
readers. Its portraits and other illustrations are of
peculiar interest.
A Nietztchean Dr. G. T. Wrench, a London physi-
conceplion of ..,
Paternaiitm cian, in a large book or over rive nun-
<>! government, dred pages entitled "The Mastery of
Life" (Kennerley) has written a "review of the
history of civilization" with the aim of showing that
the conditions under which man has always shown
the most positive attitude toward life have always
been the conditions of paternalism (which word with


1912.]
297
THE
DIAL
Dr. Wrench is synonymous with Nietzschean aristoc-
racy), and that democracy is a perversion of the
civilized mind from which the consciousness of all
our men who are fitted to rule must be purged before
further progress — or rather before any progress —
can be made. Dr. Wrench first gives reviews of the
histories and social psychologies of Egypt, Greece,
Rome, the Romanesque period, Gothic influences,
Germany and England, the Renaissance, the Roman
Renaissance, and Dutch and Saxon Art. Presum-
ably, in these historic sketches, the author resists
any temptation to be guided in his necessarily partial
selection of facts and aspects by his preconceived
thesis. Coming down to later times, he character-
izes our progress since the industrial revolution of
the early nineteenth century as a "Gadarene prog-
ress " and devotes a chapter to showing it up as such.
In many ways, it has been just that; but unfor-
tunately Dr. Wrench seems unable to separate the
Gadarene from the divine elements in this imme-
diately past and contemporary drama. Pragmatism,
for instance, he attacks as a "dollar philosophy,"
and he accuses Professor James of "naively " saying
that every idea has a dollar value. Of course, James
never said this, and the expression he did use, " cash
value," was very carefully guarded and explicitly
limited to values which were of the spirit. The fact
that so much of Dr. Wrench's indictment of democ-
racy is true, is simply due to the fact that the in-
dustrial revolution threw the government of things
into the people's hands before any system of philos-
ophy had succeeded in giving us a new set of moral
values. To turn away from democracy at this date,
and especially to turn to a crude interpretation of
what Nietzsche may or may not have meant — for
Nietzsche was a mystic who spoke in parables—is
impossible. The hope of the future lies in clearly
thinking out the problems of democracy and embrac-
ing them in a consistent world-view which will again
exhibit moral values in a supreme light. This, of
course, is just what Dr. Wrench tries to do, except
that he begins by denying democracy. Pragmatism,
on the other hand, is an attempt to do this, by medi-
ating spiritual values to democracy. If this can be
done democracy is safe. But if there is no basis in
reality for spiritual values but only merely subjective
and aesthetic base, then we are not sure but that Dr.
Wrench has made good his case against democracy.
But in this latter case, his criterion of aristocracy,
abjuring as it does mere fitness to survive as being
a criterion of good, may be found difficult to
establish. ,
An Enoiuh When Prof essor J. G. Robertson con-
acrman densed his "History of German Lit-
uterature. erature" (Blackwood, 1902) of fifty
chapters and 635 pages into the present '"Outlines
of the History of German Literature" (Putnam) of
twenty-five chapters and 320 pages, he gave irre-
futable testimony to the wisdom of Goethe's verse:
"In der Beschrilnkung zeigt sich erst der Meister."
The index of the original work tabulates eight hun-
dred proper names and 260 topics and authorless
works; that of the abridgment tabulates five hun-
dred of the former and 160 of the latter. But
Professor Robertson has not simply deleted; he
has rearranged, abridged his remarks on the great
writers, omitted some of the lesser ones entirely,
eliminated quotations and notes, added chronological
tables of important events and works from the
consecration of Wulfilas as Bishop of the Visigoths
(341) to the death of Nietzsche (1900), and, what
is very pleasing to the reader, completely reworded
the whole. The tables, to be sure, add but little
to those of Professor Nollen in the "Lake German
Series," but their connection with the preceding
text greatly increases their value. Barring a few
instances of incorrect syllabification at the end of
lines (pages 244, 251, 256), there are no faith-
shaking misprints. The book abounds in first in-
stances and superlatives: "Ludwigslied" (881) is
the first German ballad, "Ruodlieb" (1030) the
first German romance, Dietmar von Aist has given
us the first German "Tagelied"; "Der arme Hein-
rich"i8 one of the most charming idylls in mediaeval
literature, Gyburg is the finest of all Wolfram's
women, Murner is the most unscrupulous satirist
in the whole range of German literature, Annette
von Droste has written the finest German religious
poetry of the nineteenth century, Nietzsche was the
most gifted writer of the last generation, and so on
through a very long list. The recapitulations and
transitions are presented with really artistic skill.
The language, generally clear, is at times queer,—
there are readers who do not like such expressions
as "led to them being considered." The critical
opinions are, on the whole, the result of sympathetic
scholarship.
In a tone of simple sincerity that
thei'ium,. holds tne attention from the start,
the author of " One of the Multitude"
(Dodd) tells the story of his painful struggle upward
from slum life in East-End London to respectability
and comparative prosperity. Absolute truth in every
detail except proper names is vouched for by the
writer, who calls himself George Acorn, and by his
literary sponsor, Mr. Arthur Christopher Benson,
who contributes a thoughtful introduction touching
on some of the social problems suggested by the nar-
rative. It is just such a heart-stirring and thought-
evoking chronicle as that with which Mr. George
Meek, under the sponsorship of Mr. H. G. Wells,
arrested the attention of the English-reading world
two years ago. The confessions of a cockney Owen
Kildare, the publishers not unfitly call the book, —
"a human document that compels attention from its
grim fidelity to the life it describes." The wonder
of it all is that one born and reared amid such de-
grading surroundings could have not only conceived
the possibility of things so much higher and better,
but remained true to that early vision until it began
to assume some sort of blessed reality. The heart-
breaking struggle to attain to this reality is told with


298
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
an unconscious art that makes the book a veritable
work of literature. A high ideal, a firm will, and
a sense of humor seem to have been important factors
in the ultimate working-out of the writer's salvation
through his own independent efforts. Much also he
must have owed to his love of reading: Dickens
and George Eliot he especially mentions among those
whose books furnished him a refuge from the hate-
ful realities of his material environment. Cabinet-
making, chosen by him as his trade in early youth
and followed with industry and skill, was the ladder
by which he climbed at last to the possession of a
pleasant home and family, with cheering hopes for
the future. Again we have illustrated in this unpre-
tentious history the familiar truth that no human
life, if faithfully related, can prove devoid of very
real and living interest.
A treaiue on ^ne presentation of comparative
Comparative anatomy is a task demanding an
Anatomy. extensive and lucid terminology of
technical terms, great skill in graphic presentation
of the complicated structural interrelations of parts,
and a logical marshalling of the seemingly endless
array of data so that the reader is conscious of his
progress through the subject. These requirements
of a clear-cut terminology, of illustrations which
really portray relations, and of logical presentation
characterize Professor J. S. Kingsley's "Compara-
tive Anatomy of Vertebrates" (Blakiston). The
illustrations are unusually numerous, clear, and well-
labelled; they are mainly original, and specially
devised to illustrate the text. Many stereograms
are employed, with excellent results, to express in
contour the relations of organs. A little more ac-
cent and contrast, bolder utilization of heavy lines,
and more care in the use of the blender upon shaded
surfaces would have greatly improved some of these
otherwise excellent drawings. The author pays
especial attention to the vertebrate skull, an excel-
lent motif from the standpoint either of comparative
anatomy or of pedagogy. The use of bold-face type
for technical terms will greatly enhance the value
of the book as a work of reference, as will also the
exceptionally complete index and extensive bibli-
ography. The volume is a welcome and excellent
addition to the list of American biological text-books
and works of reference.
. The remark of M. Carnot, late Pres-
atMociatiom ident of the French Republic, that
in Parti. u Chaque homme a deux pays, le sein
et la France," indicates a frame of mind which is
very general and which has given rise to a multitude
of books dealing with things French. Some of these
volumes have been solid contributions to the subject,
some have been entertaining, some have been both
solid and entertaining; but Mr. John Joseph Con-
way's " Footprints of Famous Americans in Paris"
(Lane) is, candidly, neither the one nor the other.
One derives the impression that a host of Americans
have left traces in Paris, but that they made no foot-
prints distinct enough to be worth recording in a
sumptuously bound, printed, and illustrated volume.
A painstaking search among standard biographies
and a few somewhat more esoteric sources reveals
little that is significant or even diverting, Love
affairs, when Americans were so obliging as to in-
volve themselves in more or less harmless liaisons,
are utilized to the full: so are the bristling idiosyn-
cracies of Whistler. But, in general, distinguished
Americans seem to have gone soberly about their
business in Paris, and there is consequently little
material for the book. As a result, the author is
driven to include not only divers Americans who are
so far from famous that a normally intelligent reader
has never heard of them, but such " Americans " as
Tom Paine and La Fayette, who are lugged in willy-
nilly. Moreover, even when the man under consider-
ation is undeniably famous and an American, the
writing is often irrelevant, — as when we are told
that Longfellow died of peritonitis in Craigie House,
Cambridge. Irrelevancies and small talk abound,
varied by pages of quotation, or by passages of dull
record and unsavory anecdote. The book cannot be
called a contribution to anything; nor is it interest-
ing, save in the sense that a vaudeville performance
is interesting.
BRIEFER MENTION.
The attempt to reinstate the lore, or resurrect the
lure, of an earlier or a foreign mysticism in the language
or the thought or the environment of a modern time
and clime is a vain and not wholly innocent pursuit.
This is particularly the case with such a work as Dr.
Rudolf Steiner's "The Gates of Knowledge" (Putnam).
The " gates " seem futile either to exclude or to inclose,
for the admittance is to a realm of subjective vacuity,
with stage directions that but emphasize the unreality.
To what manner of stranded soul or detached spirit
such immersion in an artificial compound of the volatile
deposits of occult procedures brings satisfaction or con-
viction, it is difficult to conjecture. Nevertheless, that
those who like it take to it is evident to the esoteric as
well as to the practical mind.
It is strange that we have had to wait so long for an
American edition of Mr. Edward Carpenter's volume of
poems, "Towards Democracy." This work, first pub-
lished (in England) in 1883, has long exercised a power-
ful influence with an ever-widening circle of American
readers. In form it inevitably suggests Whitman, and
there is a marked resemblance in spirit also,— the
younger poet has more than a little of the elder's cosmic
comprehensiveness, his imperturbable faith in nature
and humanity, his wide unhampered vision. But, as
Carpenter himself says, "Towards Democracy " shines
with a milder radiance than " Leaves of Grass,"—" as of
the moon compared with the sun." It is more subdued
and reflective, and associates itself far more intimately
with the actual social conditions of to-day. The worst
thing about the book is its title, which has doubtless
misled and deterred many readers. The American edi-
tion now published by Mr. Mitchell Kennerley is attract-
ive in form,— though we think many readers will prefer
the compact little English volume on thin paper. Two
photogravure portraits of the author are included.


1912.]
299
THE DIAL
Notes.
"Rhymes of a Rolling Stone," by Mr. Robert W.
Service, author of " The Spell of the Yukon," will be
published soon by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
One of the most important publications of the present
month will be Senator La Follette's Autobiography,
which Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. are issuing.
"The Financier," by Mr. Theodore Dreiser, and
"The Net" by Mr. Rex Beach, are two novels of
especial interest on Messrs. Harper's October list.
Dr. Francis Rolt-Wheeler, author of several boys'
books and scientific works, has in press with Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. a poetic drama entitled "Nimrod."
Mr. John Stuart Thomson, author of " The Chinese,"
has recently completed a new work entitled " Revolu-
tionized China," which will appear toward the end of
this year.
A new story by Mr. E. M. Dell, author of "The
Way of an Eagle," will be published next year by
Messrs. Putnam under the title, "The Knave of
Diamonds."
Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett has written a new
novel, which "The Century Magazine" will publish
serially this year. Mrs. Burnett has named her story
"T. Tembarom."
In " A Book of Discovery," which Messrs. Putnam
will publish shortly, Mr. M. B. Synge, F.R.Hist.S., gives
an account of exploration from the earliest times to the
finding of the South Pole.
An extended biography of James Fenimore Cooper,
based in part on material never before utilized, has
been prepared by Miss Mary E. Phillips, and will soon
be published by John Lane Co.
It is reported that M. Romain Rolland has just com-
pleted the tenth and concluding volume of his novel,
«Jean Christophe," and that it will appear shortly in
Paris under the title of "Nouvelle Jom-nde."
"The Union of South Africa," by Mr. W. Basil Wors-
fold, formerly editor of the Johannesburg " Star," will
appear shortly in the " All Red British Empire Series,"
published in this country by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co.
The series of articles on "Making a Business
Woman," by Anne Shannon Monroe, which have been
appearing in the " Saturday Evening Post," will be pub-
lished this month in book form, with some added matter,
by Messrs. Holt.
"Plays and Players of Modern Italy," by Mr. Addison
McLeod, is announced by Messrs. Charles H. Sergei &
Co. A new volume by Mr. William Norman Guthrie,
"The Vital Study of Literature, and Other Essays," will
be published by the same firm.
The collected works of Richard Middleton, a young
English writer of considerable promise whose recent
tragic death has been widely commented upon, will be
published shortly by Mr. Mitchell Kennerley in two vol-
umes, one of poems and another of stories.
M. Pierre Loti, who is now in New York directing
the production of his new play, "The Daughter of
Heaven," has engaged to contribute to the "Century"
a record of his impressions of New York, and they will
appear in an early nnmber of the magazine.
The authorized translation, prepared by Mr. T. E.
Hulme, of M. Henri Bergson's "Introduction to
Metaphysics" is announced by Messrs. Putnam. In
this little volume the author explains with a thorough-
ness not attempted in his other books the precise mean-
ing he wishes to convey by the word " intuition." The
present edition has been prepared under the supervision
of M. Bergson, and contains additions made by him.
A fresh collection of Lady Gregory's Irish plays is
announced by Messrs. Putnam. Its title is " New Come-
dies," and the names of the five plays to be included
are "The Bogie Man," "The Full Moon," "Coats,"
"Darner's Gold," and "McDonough's Wife."
Professor Philip Van Ness Myers, whose textbooks
on ancient history have long been standard, has recently
devoted himself to the ethical aspects of history and now
has in preparation a volume entitled "History as Past
Ethics," which Messrs. Ginn & Co. will publish soon.
A volume of "German Memoirs" by Mr. Sidney
Whitman, a prominent English journalist, will be issued
at once by Messrs. Scribner. Mr. Whitman's recollec-
tions of German personalities and affairs cover a period
beginning in 1859 and coming down nearly to the
present day.
Publication in book form of Miss Mary S. Watts's
new novel, " Van Cleve and his Friends," which was
announced for this Fall by the Macmillan Co., has been
postponed for at least a year to permit of its serial
appearance in "The Atlantic Monthly," beginning in
the December issue.
General Morris Schaff's vivid papers on "The Sunset
of the Confederacy," which have been appeariug in
"The Atlantic Monthly " during the past few months,
are soon to be published in book form by Messrs. John
W. Luce & Co. This firm also announces "Nietzsche
and Art," by Mr. Anthony M. Ludovici.
Miss Agnes C. Laut, author of " Canada, the Empire
of the North," etc., is about to publish a volume on the
Southwest of the United States. It will be called
"Through Our Unknown Southwest," and will include
a discussion of the influence upon trade development
likely to be effected by the Panama Canal.
"The Girlhood of Queen Victoria," being extracts
from her private diary from 1832 to 1840, edited by
Viscount Esher, is announced by Messrs. Longmans,
Green, & Co. This firm will also publish a volume on
"Railway Rates and Regulations " by Dr. William Z.
Ripley, and a new edition of Robert Louis Stevenson's
Memoir of Fleeming Jenkin.
Among the books to be published by Messrs. Harper
this month are the following: "Armaments and Arbit-
ration," by Rear-Admiral A. T. Mahan; "In the Courts
of Memory," the Parisian recollections of an American
woman, Madame L. de Hegermann-Lindenerone;" Your
United States," by Mr. Arnold Bennett; and "The
Ways of the Planets," by Martha Evans Martin.
Two travel books of especial interest, to appear
before long, are Captain Roald Amundsen's "The Con-
quest of the South Pole," and Dr. Sven Hedin's " From
Pole to Pole." Captain Amundseu gives a full account
of his successful attempt to reach the South Pole in the
"Fram," while Dr. Sven Hedin not only deals with his
owu journeys of exploration, but also records those of
Livingstone, Stanley, and Gordon.
Bradford Torrey, a popular writer about birds and
flowers, and the author of many books of nature-
studies, died October 7 at Santa Barbara, California,
within two days of his sixty-ninth birthday. He was
born in 1843 in Weymouth, Massachusetts. Of late
years, he has been one of the editors of " The Youth's
Companion." Among his books are "Birds in the


300
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Bush," "A Rambler's Lease," "The Foot-path Way,"
"A Florida Sketch-book," "Spring Notes from Ten-
nessee," « A World of Green Hills," and "Friends on
the Shelf."
At the time of his death, Mr. Andrew Lang was pre-
paring for press a book entitled "Shakespeare, Bacon,
and the Great Unknown." Mr. Lang having observed
"with pain, that the controversy has hitherto been pas-
sionate and acrimonious, endeavours to treat the problem
with sweet reasonableness, and if possible, with persua-
sive urbanity." He believes he has been able to demon-
strate "that neither Bacon nor Bungay, but William
Shakespeare, of Stratford-on-Avon, was the unassisted
author of the plays ascribed to him." Messrs. Long-
mans hope to publish Mr. Lang's book during the com-
ing month.
The Reverend Walter William Skeat, the famous
philologist of Cambridge, died in London on the
seventh of October. Born in 1835, and educated at
Cambridge, he occupied a curacy for a time before he
took up the work of teaching in his alma mater. His
first work in editing was done for Furnivall's Early
English Text Society, and was concerned with "Lance-
lot of the Laik," "Piers Plowman," "The Bruce,"
Chaucer, and the manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon and
Northumbrian Gospels. In 1873, he founded the En-
glish Dialect Society, and became its president. Numer-
ous publications on the subject of English phonetics and
philology made him one of the foremost authorities in
those fields. In his late years, he associated himself
with the company of those who chase the will-o'-the-
wisp of spelling reform.
The other arts have their palaces and their periodicals;
poetry alone "has been left to shift for herself in a
world unaware of its immediate and desperate need of
her." These words of Miss Harriet Monroe's indicate
the motive which has impelled her to plead Cinderella's
cause, and act as fairy godmother to the neglected
child. The coach-and-four provided for her triumphant
progress takes the form of a little monthly magazine
entitled "Poetry," the contents being chiefly original
verse, although space is found for a few pages of appo-
site prose in the form of editorial comment and critical
appraisement. The venture is supported by a hundred
persons who have enough faith in it to pledge subscrip-
tions of fifty dollars each annually for five years, in con-
sequence whereof its existence for that period seems
assured. "We hope," says Miss Monroe, "to offer our
subscribers a place of refuge, a green isle in the sea,
where Beauty may plant her gardens, and Truth, austere
revealer of joy and sorrow, of hidden delights and des-
pairs, may follow her brave quest unafraid." Prizes
are offered for the best poem and the best epigram
printed during the first year, and an offer has been
made by an amateur organization to produce the best
play in verse submitted during that period. The thirty-
two pages of the first issue give us contributions from
four living poets, not noticeably better than the verse
printed in the general magazines of the better sort. The
issue is given distinction, however, by a long poem, " I
Am the Woman," printed in advance from the forth-
coming edition of the works of William Vaughn Moody
(whose name is here consistently misspelled every time
it is used). Such a poem as this would justify any
magazine venture. Although good poetry rarely finds
any difficulty in getting printed, we will confess to a
certain satisfaction in the fact that it now has an organ
of its own.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 224 titles, includes books
received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
George Palmer Putnam: A Memoir. By George
Haven Putnam, LittD. With photogravure por-
trait, large 8vo, 476 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.60 net.
In the Courts of Memory, 1858-1875: From Contem-
porary Letters. Illustrated, 8vo, 450 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
T. De Witt Talmage as I Knew Him. By T. De Witt
Talmage, D.D.. with concluding chapters by
Mrs. T. De Witt Talmage. Illustrated, 8vo, 439
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
Anson Burllngame, and the First Chinese Mission to
Foreign Powers. By Frederick Wells Williams.
With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 370 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Peter Ramus, and the Educational Reformation of
the Sixteenth Century. By Frank Plerrepont
Graves. With portrait, 12mo, 226 pages. Mac-
mlllan Co. $1.25 net.
Lights and Shadows of a Long- Episcopate: Being
Reminiscences and Recollections of the Right
Reverend Henry Benjamin Whipple, D.D. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 576 pages. Macmlllan Co. $2. net.
William Makepeace Thackeray. By Sidney Dark.
Illustrated in color, 18mo. 71 pages. "Little
Books on Great Writers." Cassell & Co., Ltd.
HISTORY.
Canses nnd Effects In American History! The Story
of the Origin and Development of the Nation. By
Edwin W. Morse. Illustrated, 12mo, 302 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
The BeKlnnlngs of San Francisco, from the Expedi-
tion of Anza, 1774, to the City Charter of April
15, 1850. By Zoeth Skinner Eldredge. In 2 vol-
umes; Illustrated, 8vo. Published by the author.
$7. net.
The Old Irish World. By Alice Stopford Green.
8vo, 197 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.60 net.
History of London. By Helen Douglas-Irvine. Il-
lustrated, large 8vo, 396 pages. James Pott & Co.
$3. net.
Washington and Lincoln: Leaders of the Nation in
the Constitutional Eras of American History. By
Robert W. McLaughlin. With photogravure por-
traits, 8vo, 278 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.35 net.
The Cnmpalg-n In Manchnrla, 1904 to 1905: Second
Period, The Decisive Battles. 22nd Aug. to 17th
Oct, 1904. By Captain F. R. Sedgwick. With
maps In pockets, 12mo, 347 pages. "Special Cam-
paign Series." Macmlllan Co.
The Real Authorship of the Constitution of the
United States Explained. 4to, 87 pages. Wash-
ington: Government Printing Office. Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
J. M. Synget A Critical Study. By P. P. Howe.
With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 215 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $2.50 net.
The Fascination of Books, with Other Papers on
Books and Bookselling. By Joseph Shaylor.
With photogravure portrait, 12mo, 357 pages. G.
P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Post Llmlnlum: Essays and Critical Papers. By
Lionel Johnson; edited by Thomas Whlttemore.
12mo, 307 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2. net.
Gateways to Literature, and Other Essays. By
Brander Matthews. 12mo, 296 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
A History of English Prose Rhythm. By George
Saintsbury. Large 8vo, 489 pages. Macmlllan
Co. $4.50 net.
The Verse of Greek Comedy. By John Williams
White. 8vo, 479 pages. Macmlllan Co. $4. net.
The Spirit of French Letters. By Mabell S. C. Smith.
12mo, 374 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.50 net.


1912.]
301
THE
DIAL
A Tragedy In Stone, and Other Papers. By Lord
Redesdale. 8vo, 344 pages. John Lane Co.
$2.50 net.
Literary Hearthatonea of Dixie. By La Salle Corbell
Pickett. Illustrated, 8vo, 305 pages. J. B. Up-
plncott Co. $1.50 net.
Spender's Shepherd's Calender In Relation to Con-
temporary Affairs. By James Jackson Higgin-
son, Ph.D. 8vo, 364 pages. Columbia University
Press. $1.50 net.
Lord Byron aa a Satirist In Verae. By Claude M.
Fuess, Ph.D. 12mo, 228 pages. Columbia Uni-
versity Press. $1.25 net.
Storlea of Shakespeare's English History Ploys. By
H. A. Guerber. Illustrated, 12mo, 315 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25 net.
The History of the Chorus In the German Drama,
By Elsie Winifred Helmrich, Ph.D. 8vo, 95
pages. Columbia University Press. $1. net.
Arteinua Ward's Best Stories. Edited by Clifton
Johnson; with Introduction by W. D. Howells.
Illustrated by Frank A. Nanklvell. 8vo, 276
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.40 net.
A Study of Franels Thompson's "Hound of Heaven."
By Rev. J. F. X. O'Conor, S.J. 12mo, 39 pages.
John Lane Co. 60 cts. net.
Folk Tales of East and West. By John Harrington
Cox, A.M. 12mo, 190 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1. net
Noted Speechea of Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and
John C. Calhoun. Edited, with biographical
sketches, by Lilian Marie Briggs. With por-
traits, 16mo, 213 pages. "American History in
Literature." Moffat, Yard & Co. 75 cts. net.
That Reminds Me Attain: A Second Collection of
Tales Worth Telling. 16mo, 238 pages. George
W. Jacobs & Co. 75 cts. net.
Hello Bill! A Book of After-Dinner Stories. 12mo,
96 pages. H. M Caldwell Co. 50 cts. net.
Shakespearean Studies. By William Rader. 12mo,
97 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE:.
The Romances of Theophlle Gautler. Translated
and edited by F. C. de Sumichrast. In 10 vol-
umes; each illustrated in photogravure, 16mo.
"Pocket Edition." Little, Brown & Co. $15. net.
(Sold only In sets.)
The Travels of Theophlle Gautler. Translated and
edited by F. C. de Sumichrast. In 7 volumes;
each illustrated in photogravure, 16mo. "Pocket
Edition." Little, Brown & Co. Per volume,
$1.50 net; per set, $10.50 net.
Toleration, and Other Essays. By Voltaire; trans-
lated, with Introduction, by Joseph McCabe.
12mo, 263 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Edited, from the trans-
lation in Monumenta Historlca Brltannica and
other versions, by J. A. Giles, D.C.L New edi-
tion; 12mo, 211 pages. "Bohn's Library." Mac-
mlllan Co. $1. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Plays. By Anton Tchekoff; translated from the
Russian, with Introduction, by Marian Fell. With
portrait, 12mo. 233 pages. Charles Scrlbner's
Sons. $1.50 net.
Milestonesi A Play in Three Acts. By Arnold Ben-
nett and Edward Knoblauch. 12mo, 122 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1. not.
The Honeymoon i A Comedy In Three Acts. By Ar-
nold Bennett. 12mo, 111 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1. net.
Oxford Poems. By H. W. Garrod. 16mo, 96 pages.
John Lane Co. $1. net.
The Poetical Works of William Henry Drummond.
With Introduction by Louis Frechette, and Ap-
preciation by Neil Munro. With photogravure
portrait. 16mo, 449 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.60 net.
Rutherford and Soni A Play in Three Acts. By
Gltha Sowerby. 12mo, 123 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1. net.
Belshaaxar. By W. C. Dumas. 12mo, 120 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
The Poems of Rosamund Marriott Watson. With
photogravure portrait, 12mo, 334 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.60 net.
Towards Democracy. By Edward Carpenter. With
photogravure portraits, 12mo, 507 pages. Mitch-
ell Kennerley. $2. net.
The Vaunt of Man, and Other Poems. By William
Ellery Leonard. 12mo, 192 pages. B. W. Huebsch.
$1.25 net.
Surf Linen of a Wayfarer's Mind. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 155 pages. New York: Knicker-
bocker Press. $1.25 net.
Cease to Wnr. By J. C. Hayden. 12mo, 117 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
Poems of Country Llfei A Modern Anthology. By
George S. Bryan. Illustrated, 12mo, 350 pages.
Sturgis & Walton Co. $1. net.
Hang lip Philosophy, and Other Poems. By W. B.
Arvlne. Revised edition; 12mo, 99 pages. Bos-
ton: Poet Lore Co.
Chinese Poems. Translated by Charles Budd. 12mo,
174 pages. Oxford University Press.
Songs of a Syrian Lover. By Clinton Scollard. 12mo,
54 pages. London: Elkln Mathews.
Salvage. By Elizabeth C. Cardozo. 12mo, 48 pages:
Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Foresti An Idyll of the Woods. By Edwine
Noye. 12mo, 49 pages. Buffalo: Otto Ulbrich Co.
Pocahontas! A Pageant. By Margaret UUman.
12mo, 86 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Loom of Life. By Cotton Noe. Illustrated,
12mo, 104 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
God, and Other Poems. Compiled by Margaret S.
Linn Parr; translated by Sir John Bowring.
12mo, 96 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
FICTION.
Marriage. By H. G. Wells. 12mo, 529 pages. Duf-
field & Co. $1.36 net.
The Joyous Adventures of Arlstlde Pujol. By
William J. Locke. Illustrated, 12mo, 325 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.30 net.
London Lavender! An entertainment. By E. V.
Lucas. 12mo, 295 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.35 net.
A Man's World. By Albert Edwards. 12mo, 312
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
A Cry In the Wilderness. By Mary E. Waller.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 428 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $1.30 net.
The Rich Mrs. Burgoyne. By Kathleen Norrls. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 297 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
Left In Chnrge. By Victor L. Whitechurch. 12mo,
324 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
The Inner Flame. By Clara Louise Burnham. With
frontispiece In color, 12mo, 501 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
George Helm. By David Graham Phillips. 12mo.
303 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.30 net.
The Soldier from Virginia. By Marjorie Bowen. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 347 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.30 net.
Smoke Bellew. By Jack London. Illustrated, 12mo,
385 pages. Century Co. $1.30 net.
The Marshal. By Mary Raymond Shlpman Andrews.
Illustrated, 12mo, 423 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.35 net.
The Woman of It. By Mark Lee Luther. 12mo, 344
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.30 net.
The Deatroylng Angel. By Louis Joseph Vance. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 325 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Tempting of Tnvernnke. By E. Phillips Oppen-
heim. Illustrated, 12mo, 359 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. $1.25 net.
Valserlne, and Other Stories. By Marguerite Au-
doux. 12mo, 299 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$1.20 net.
Kirs tie. By M. F., author of "The Journal of a
Recluse." 12mo, 291 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. $1.25 net.
The Hollow of Her Hand. By George Barr McCutch-
eon. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 422 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.30 net.


302
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Mary, Mary. By James Stephens. 12mo, 263 pages.
Small, Maynard & Co. $1.20 net.
My Love and I. By Martin Redfleld. 12mo, 377
pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.36 net.
The Soddy. By Sarah Comstock. 12mo, 370 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.30 net.
Shenandoah! Love and War In the Valley of Vir-
ginia, 1861-5. Based upon the Famous Play by
Bronson Howard, by Henry Tyrrell. Illustrated
In color, etc., 12mo, 389 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.35 net.
The Lady Doc. By Caroline Lockhart. Illustrated
In color, etc., 12mo, 339 pages. J. B. Llpplncott
Co. $1.25 net.
The Weat Wind: A Story of Red Men and White In
Old Wyoming. By Cyrus Townsend Brady. Il-
lustrated in color, 12rao, 389 pages. A. C. McClurg
& Co. $1.35 net.
When the Forest* Are Ablase. By Katharine B.
Judson. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 380
pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
The Long- Way Home. By "Pansy." Illustrated,
12mo, 428 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
$1.60.
Roddies. By Paul Neuman. 12mo, 342 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.26 net.
The Master of Mysteries! Being an Account of the
Problems Solved by Astro, Seer of Secrets, and
His Love Affair with Valeska Wynne. His As-
sistant. Illustrated, 12mo, 480 pages. Bobbs-
MerrlllCo. $1.35 net.
An American Girl at the Durbar. By Shetland
Bradley. 12mo, 301 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Clara. By A. Neil Lyons. 12mo, 336 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Billy Fortune. By William R. Lighton. Illustrated,
12mo, 365 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25 net.
The Keynote (Monsieur des Lourdines). By Al-
phonse de Chateaubriant; translated from the
French by Lady Theodora Davidson. 12mo, 233
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.20 net.
As Caesar's Wife. By Margarita Spalding Gerry.
Illustrated, 12mo, 316 pages. Harper & Broth-
ers. $1.30 net.
Who? By Elizabeth Kent- With frontispiece In
color, 12mo, 360 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25 net.
A Jewel of the Seas. By Jessie Kaufman. Illus-
trated in color, 12mo, 327 pages. J. B. Llppln-
cott Co. $1.25 net.
Pansy Mearesi The Story of a London Shop Girl.
By Horace W. C. Newte. 12mo, 383 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.30 net.
With the Merry Austrian*. By Amy McLaren.
12mo, 356 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
Why I Left My Husband, and Other Documents of
Married Life. By Virginia Terhune Van de
Water. 12mo, 261 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co.
$1.20 net.
The Seer. By Perley Poore Sheehan. 12mo. 324
pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.20 net.
Catherine Sidney. By Francis Doming Hoyt. 12mo,
347 pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.35 net.
Zebedee V. By Edith Barnard Delano. Illustrated,
12mo, 274 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.20 net.
Her Soul and Her Body. By Louise Closser Hale.
12mo, 288 pages. Moffat. Yard & Co. $1.20 net.
The Voice. By Margaret Deland. Illustrated, 12mo,
85 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1. net.
Daddy-Long-I.egs. By Jean Webster. 12mo, 304
pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Mr. Achilles. By Jennette Lee. Illustrated, 12mo,
261 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
Mrs. Kll and Policy Ann. By Florence Olmstead.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 160 pages. Reilly &
Britton Co. $1.
The Freshman. By James Hopper. Illustrated,
12mo, 148 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1. net.
A Christmas Honeymoon. By Frances Aymar Math-
ews. Illustrated In color. 12mo, 151 pages. Mof-
fat, Yard & Co. $1. net.
Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town. By Stephen
Leacock. With frontispiece In color. 12mo, 264
pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Hhody. By Frances S. Brewster. Illustrated, 12mo.
230 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1. net.
Deynard'a Divorce. By Edna Goodrich. With por-
trait, 12mo, 218 pages. Richard G. Badger.
$1.25 net.
The Face of the Air. By George L Knapp. 12mo,
170 pages. John Lane Co. $1. net.
The Penny Philanthropist! A Story that Could be
True. By Clara E. Laughlin. 12mo. 217 pages.
Fleming H. Revell Co. $1. net.
A Romance of the Road: Making Love and a Living.
By Alice Curtice Moyer. Illustrated in color, etc,
12mo, 279 pages. Chicago: Laird & Lee. $1. net.
The Contralto. By Roger M. Carew. 12mo, 339
pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.36 net.
The Vital Touch! A Story of the Power of Love. By
Frances M. Schnebly. Illustrated, 12mo, 246
pages. Chicago: Laird & Lee. $1. net.
Cnpid en Route. By Ralph Henry Barbour. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 200 pages. Richard G.
Badger. $1. net.
The Story of Swan-Like. By Antoinette E. Galvln.
12mo, 156 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net.
The Yates Pridei A Romance. By Mary E. Wilklns
Freeman. Illustrated, 16mo, 65 pages. Harper
& Brothers. 60 cts. net
Madame Mesange. By F. Berkeley Smith. With
frontispiece in color, 18mo, 44 pages. Double-
day, Page & Co. 50 cts. net.
Object! Matrimony. By Montague Glass. With
frontispiece, 18mo, 75 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. 60 cts. net.
Aurelle. By Arthur Sherburne Hardy. Illustrated
in color, etc., 8vo, 31 pages. Harper & Broth-
ers. 60 cts. net.
For Love of Mary Ellenl A Romance of Childhood.
By Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd. Illustrated, 12mo. 43
pages. Harper & Brothers. 50 cts net.
The First Church's Christmas Barrel. By Caroline
Abbot Stanley. Illustrated, 12mo, 71 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 50 cts. net.
Whlppen. By Frederick Orin Bartlett. Illustrated,
16mo, 83 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. 60cts.net.
Wayfarers. By Lenore van der Veer. 12mo, 62
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 60 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Egyptian Dnys. By Philip Sanford Marden. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 329 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$3. net.
Men and Manners of Modern China. By J. Mac-
gowan. Illustrated, 8vo, 351 pages. Dodd, Mead
& Co. $3.50 net.
Blsmyai or, The Lost City of Adab. By Edgar
James Banks, Ph.D. Illustrated, large 8vo, 455
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. net.
The Indians of the Terraced Unimex. By Charles
Francis Saunders. Illustrated. 8vo, 293 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
A Winter Holiday In Portugal. By Captain B.
Granville Baker. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo,
324 pages. James Pott & Co. $3. net.
Burgundy! The Splendid Duchy. Studies and
Sketches in South Burgundy. By Percy Allen.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 302 pages.
James Pott & Co. $2.50 net.
The Journal of a Sporting Nomad. By J. T. Stud-
ley. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 303
pages. John Lane Co. $3.50 net.
In Portugal. By Aubrey F. G. Bell. 8vo, 227 pages.
John Lane Co. $2. net.
The Wilderness of the North Pnclflc Coast Islands.
By Charles Sheldon. Illustrated, 8vo, 246 pages.
Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $2. net.
The Japanese Nation: Its Land, Its People, and Its
Life. By Inazo Nitobe, LL.D. With map, 12mo,
334 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
The Pope's Green Island. By W. P. Ryan. 8vo, 325
pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.50 net.
Gallant Little Wales: Sketches of its People,
Places, and Customs. By Jeannette Marks. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 189 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25 net.


912.]
303
THE
DIAL
he Fetish Folk of West Africa. By Robert H.
Milllgan. Illustrated, 8vo, 328 pages. Fleming
H. Revell Co. 11.50 net.
elgutmi The Land of Art. By William Elliot Grif-
fls. Illustrated, 12mo, 310 pages. Houghton Mif-
flin Co. $1.26 net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS,
he Tank of Social Hygiene. By Havelock Ellis.
8vo, 414 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
hlld Labor In City Streets. By Edward N. Clop-
per, Ph.D. 12mo, 280 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
he New Immigration i A Study of the Industrial
and Social Life of Southeastern Europeans In
America. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. Illustrated,
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THE DIAL
3 Snnt«i!fiorttrjljj Journal of Hitrrarg Cn'tinsm, Qisaission, ano Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the lei and 16th of
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered u Second-C 1am Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 6SS. NOVEMBER 1, 1912. Vol. LUI.
Contents.
■ PAGE
THE PERIL OF EXTERNALISM 321
WALT WHITMAN. Louis I. Bredvold 328
CASUAL COMMENT 325
Pros and cons. — A notable addition to American
pageantry.— A decade of library growth.— A possi-
ble unearthing of literary treasure. — Why novels
multiply.—" Lambing with Mr. Lucas."—The post
of biographer to erratic genius.—Acknowledging the
unproclaimed achievement.—Poetry by linear meas-
urement.— The first professorship of prints.— The
intellectual life.— Mrs. Howe's memorial portrait.
THE HOUSE OF BRONTE". W. E. Simonds . . .329
EXPLORATIONS IN THE VASTY DEEP. Charles
Atwood Kqfoid 330
THE NEW GRANT WHITE SHAKESPEARE.
Alphonso Gerald Newcomer 332
A WOULD-BE DISTURBER OF THE WORLD'S
PEACE. Edward B. Krehbiel 334
THE HOW AND WHY OF BEAUTY AND UGLI-
NESS. F. B. B. Hellems 338
REGENERATING OUR JUDICIARY. David Y.
Thomas 336
Roe's Our Judicial Oligarchy.— Myers's History of
the Supreme Court of the United States.—McLaugh-
lin's The Courts, the Constitution, and Parties.—
Ransom's Majority Rule and the Judiciary.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS &T9
The typical American and some others.—The "case"
of Lady Macbeth.—A great evangelist self-portrayed.
— Cogitations and conjectures.— The ancient litera-
ture of Israel.—Instinct or experience ?—A criminal
lawyer's studies of crime.— The earlier journal of
Marie Bashkirtseff.— The fascination of Wales.—
American history in outline.— Records of the Celts
in Greek and Latin literature.— Mr. Lang's brief
history of Scotland.
BRIEFER MENTION 342
NOTES 343
TOPICS IN NOVEMBER PERIODICALS .... 344
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 345
THE PERIL OF EXTERNALISM.
By externalism is meant the control from
without of any body of people, banded together
for spiritual or intellectual endeavor, or for the
realization of any political or social ideal. The
history of the American people, in its broader
aspects, is a record of effective protest against
externalism in religious and civil government.
It was resentment against externalism that im-
pelled the puritan colonists of New England to
depart from the theory of a state-established
church (in which belief they had been born and
bred) and create instead the typical American
system of churches considered as independent
congregational units, each church a democracy
governing itself by the common consent of its
members, making its own rules and choosing its
own leaders, and not for a moment admitting
the claims of any external authority. It was
resentment against externalism in political mat-
ters that brought about the independence of the
thirteen commonwealths that in 1776 made com-
mon cause against the pretensions of a foreign
legislature respecting taxation, and gained their
cause by the arbitrament of the sword. It is
resentment against externalism which is to-day
actuating those commonwealths, now grown in
number from thirteen to forty-eight, in resisting
the efforts of ill-advised doctrinaires to impair
their several authorities, and magnify at their
expense the powers of a federal government
that has already gone dangerously far along
the perilous path of centralization.
The specific illustration of the peril of exter-
nalism to which we would now direct attention is
that which is offered in the field of higher edu-
cation in this country. "The Administrative
Peril in Education" Professor Joseph Jastrow
calls it in an article which he has contributed
to the November "Popular Science Monthly."
It is an old subject, both for him and for us, and
one which we have both had occasion to discuss
upon several former occasions. It presents one
of the most puzzling antinomies in our national
life, for while we should naturally expect the
democracy which is the fundamental element
in our national character to appear in its finest
flower in our educational institutions, we find
instead that they tend to embody the autocratic
idea, and that their systems of administration,


322
[Nov. 1,
THE
DIAL
instead of encouraging a cordial spirit of coopera-
tion, tend to become hierarchical, bestowing as
privileges upon their subordinate individual
units such limited measure of what should inher-
ently be their unassailable rights as seems good
to the men vested with the ultimate authority.
The reason for these tendencies is perfectly ob-
vious. The exaggerated commercialism of our
civilization has achieved such splendid results
in the economic sphere that it is difficult to per-
suade our statesmen and our captains of industry
that their methods have no place in the quite dis-
parate spheres of education and art and religion.
It is to their manifest hurt that we liken churches
and theatres to factories, or libraries, museums,
and universities to department stores. The dif-
ference between these activities and those of the
industrial life is a consequence of the funda-
mental difference between professions and trades.
Motives from within are the actuating forces of
the professional life; control and direction from
without are the secret of efficiency in organized
business. We once put the matter in these
words, which Professor Jastrow quotes in sup-
port of his thesis: "The idea of professionalism
lies at the very core of educational endeavor,
and whoever engages in educational work fails
of his purpose in just so far as he fails to assert
the inherent prerogatives of his calling. He
becomes a hireling in fact, if not in name, when
he suffers, unprotesting, the deprivation of all
initiative, and contentedly plays the part of a
cog in a mechanism whose motions are all con-
trolled from without."
This citation is one of a great number ad-
duced by our author in behalf of his plea for
an educational democracy. We quote a few
of the most striking. "Elsewhere throughout
the world the university is a republic of scholars,
administered by them. Here it is a business
corporation." "The American university has
become an autocracy, wholly foreign in spirit
and plan to our political ideals, and little short
of amazing to those marvels of thoroughgoing
democracy, the German universities." "The
administration imposed on universities, colleges,
and school systems is not needed by them, but
simply represents an inconsiderate carrying over
of methods current in commerce and politics."
"No single thing has done more harm in higher
education in America during the past quarter-
century than the steady aggrandizement of the
presidential office and the modelling of univer-
sity administration upon the methods and ideals
of the factory and the department store." "The
very idea of a university as the home of inde-
pendent scholars has beeD obscured by the pres-
ent system." "The prevailing system does not
attract strong men to the profession of teaching,
nor does it foster a vigorous intellectual life in
the universities. And occasionally a gross and
tyrannical abuse of authority reminds the world
how far America is behind Germany in the free-
dom of its university life." These are typical
extracts from the testimony of the cloud of
witnesses who have lately joined in the protest
against the stifling of the academic spirit be-
neath the wet blanket of externalism. Professor
Cattell's recent questionnaire upon the subject
has shown astonishing results. It was addressed
to practically all the faculty members of our
important universities, of whom no less than
eighty-five per cent registered decided objections
to the prevailing administrative system. Such
a protest cannot safely be ignored, and there are
signs that the authorities are taking heed.
The most striking illustration of the inability
of the commercial mind to understand the claims
and obligations of professionalism is the recent
suggestion that educational efficiency is measur-
able in the terms of the factory or the building
trades. It may be granted that the administra-
tive efficiency that swells endowments, and en-
larges plant, and multiplies students is exactly
measurable, but a true computation of the subtle
efficiency of the master-mind in its dealings with
aspiring souls will forever elude exact reckoning.
On the other hand, as Professor Jastrow remarks,
"there are efficient fools and knaves and meddlers
and weather vanes and apologists and dissemblers,
and most hopelessly the class whose costly effi-
ciency is an eruption of their callous insensibility."
Of the test of efficiency supplied by figures stand-
ing for numbers and dollars, these caustic obser-
vations seem to afford a fair characterization:
"Prosperity is statistically measured; hence the desire
for more buildings and costly ones; for more instructors,
many of them occupied in work that the college should
require and not provide; and more and more students
who must be attracted toward the local Athenopolis and
away from the rival one; accordingly the hills are all
reduced to easy grades and new democratic (not royal)
roads to learning are laid out for those who do not like
the old ones. Requirements are set not to what collegians
should learn but to what they will; as at the circus the
strip of bunting is held ostentatiously high until the horse
with its fair burden is about to jump, when it is incon-
spicuously accommodated to the possible performance."
The consequences of this pandering to our
pleasure-loving and toil-abhorring youth are
such a,s to make possible such a description of
the student-body as this:
"Students have no intellectual interests, no applica-
tions, no knowledge of essentials, no ability to apply


1912.]
323
THE DIAL
what they assimilate; they are flabby, they dawdle,
they fritter and frivol, they contemn the grind, they
seek proficiency in stunts, they drift to the soft and cir-
cumvent the hard; undertrained and overtaught, they
are coddled and spoon-fed and served where they should
be serving; and they get their degrees for a quality of
work which in an office would cost them their jobs."
The arraignment is severe, but not undeserved.
It represents the college idea of preparation for
life, when the college administration is obsessed
with the notion that it must prove its efficiency
by a brave statistical showing. A policy directed
by educators for the legitimate purposes of edu-
cation would not bear these pitiful fruits.
In his summing-up Professor Jastrow points
his protest against the ideals of externalism,
which are efficiency of the baser sort and the
shaping of diverse natures in a common mould,
by quoting from William James, who once said
at Harvard that "the university most worthy
of rational admiration is that one in which your
lonely thinker can feel himself least lonely, most
positively furthered, and most richly fed," add-
ing that" our undisciplinables are our proudest
product." Whereupon our author goes on to say:
"The administrative temper breeds an atmosphere
peculiarly noxious to the finer, freer issues of learning.
The inner quality so precious to the function of leader-
ship in intellectual callings, dependent as they are on
the delicate nurture of the creative gift, is precisely
that which recedes at the first harsh touch of imposed
restraint. There is a temperamental disposition in-
volved, fraught with difficulty of adjustment under the
most favorable circumstances, beset with hazard through-
out its uncertain maturing at all levels. Unless the
academic life is made helpful to its purpose, the course
of which it must so largely be free to set for itself,
the ships that bear our most valued cargoes will be
storm-tossed and needlessly discouraged in their efforts
to reach their sighted harbors, and some of them will
mutely and ingloriously go down at sea. It is because
the present administrative system is so deadly to 'our
proudest product' that it appears to me, through the
vista of a quarter-century, as the supreme peril of the
educational seas."
WALT WHITMAN
We are indebted to Mr. Watts-Dunton for the
distinction between poets of energy and poets of art.
The one type attaches primary importance to its
message, the other to its expression. Perhaps among
the poets of energy another distinction might be
made between those whose message is a "criticism"
of life and those who merely vivify our experience.
This distinction is apparent in contrasting, for in-
stance, both verse and prose of Meredith and Scott.
Walt Whitman obviously belongs with the poets
of energy. His message overbalances his art so
much, indeed, that he is hardly thought of as a man
of letters. He is a prophet; the appreciation of his
poetry is a "cause " to which converts are eagerly
sought. He is no doubt receiving a fair hearing.
His name is already one of distinction; his audience
has grown to proportions which make it more than
a cult; cosmopolitan critics have admitted his pre-
cedence. But whether he is to become a recognized
force in our intellectual and spiritual life we must
leave to the future to decide. That, however, is the
final and surest test. "The proof of a poet," he
say8 himself, "should be sternly deferred till his
country absorbs him as affectionately as he has
absorbed it"
But no prophet has appeared among us whose
message is in such need of clarifying. He has been
enveloped by his disciples in an atmosphere of appre-
ciative comment which, while making our approach
to him easy, has stupefied our critical faculties. Those
who cannot bear the thick incense of the inner shrine
have come away disgusted, ready to deny the author-
ity of the prophet as well as the vitality of his mes-
sage. Perspective is sadly needed on both sides.
But to place Walt Whitman we must have a body
of doctrine which will relate him to our previous
spiritual forces; we must have an analysis of his
work which will reveal what Whitman has added
to the sum of human thought or how he has changed
human aspiration. To sketch the poetical achieve-
ment of Walt Whitman from this point of view is
the aim of this essay.
L
Walt Whitman was the avowed poet of a spiritual
democracy. It was his aim to express in poetry a
composite individual, a personality inclusive of all
traits found among men. He would exclude neither
high nor low, virtuous nor vicious.
"I am of old and young, of the foolish as much as the wise;
Regardless of others, ever regardful of others,
Maternal as well as paternal, a child as well as a man,
Stuff'd with the stuff that is coarse, and stuff1 d with the
■toff that is fine."
It was a daring and original task; and it is hardly to
be expected that Walt Whitman more than any other
brave pioneer should be completely successful. To
reconcile irreconcilables, to make inconsistencies
consistent, is the unpromising task which Whitman
nevertheless did accomplish to a degree; the ap-
parent miracle being wrought in the one manner
possible: by fusing all the elements in the glow of
emotion. The world is complex to the analysing
intellect; the uncritical emotions easily simplify and
unify it. Walt Whitman was therefore a poet pri-
marily of emotion and energy, that he might unify
the contradictory elements in the unique personality
he sought to express.
In the conception as well as in the execution of
his task Whitman gave evidence of a high and noble
seriousness, an assuredness of temper, an intensity
of creative passion, which prove him a man of very
high order. He had the poise and balance, the sense
of contact with primal power, which belong only to
the masters. Although he professed to be the poet
of democracy, of the lowly and vulgar as well as of
the refined, yet one feels the force of a profound cul-


324
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
ture behind his written work. The naive poetry of
democracy which Burns left behind him is supported
by neither such force of intellect nor such depth of
vision as that of " the good grey poet."
n.
But, although a great culture has entered into the
poetry of Whitman, reason and taste, the faculties
of culture, must be laid aside by the reader. For
with this poet emotion is supreme, an emotion which
is unguided and unrestrained except as it is " a law
unto itself." Reason and taste are critical and
directive; they estimate, balance, discard. Culture
therefore means discrimination and selection; it is
exclusive. Its ideals tend to become narrow, its
standards high. In its extreme form it becomes
pure eestheticism, intellectual or emotional. Obvi-
ously, only a leisure class can give to the ideal
of cultivation its highest expression in life; and
Whitman, with many others, assumes that culture
is theoretically impracticable in a democracy. In
America, Whitman believed, we have no place for it.
"The greatest poems, Shakespeare included, are poison-
ous to the idea of the pride and dignity of the common
people, the life-blood of democracy. The models of our
literature, as we get it from other lands, ultra-marine, have
had their birth in courts, and bask'd and grown in castle
sunshine; all smells of princes' favors. Of workers of a
certain sort, we have, indeed, plenty, contributing after their
kind; many elegant, many learn'd, all complacent. But
touch'd by the national test, or tried by the standards of
democratic personality, they wither to ashes."
The American people must be energized by an ideal
which is democratic both in its appeal and in its pos-
sibility of expression. Such he believed his vision
of a religious democracy to be; for it appealed to
the emotions, and in them is to be found most easily
our common humanity.
The exclusion of the directive powers of reason
and taste, and the freedom given to unguided emo-
tion, explain the demand made upon us by the dis-
ciples of Whitman that we accept him whole or not
at all. "Unless we allow Whitman to be a law unto
himself," says Mr. Burroughs, "we can make little
of him; unless we place ourselves at his absolute
point of view, his work is an offense and without
meaning." We must not clip his wings. To criti-
cize, to limit, to weigh, is to exercise reason or taste,
and hence to assert their ultimate right to supremacy;
but this is a fundamental contradiction to the spirit
of Whitman, and one which if accepted would Beem
almost fatal to his claim to a representative position.
Whitman's most obvious loss in his rejection of
culture was a sense of distinction and evaluation.
His purely emotional appreciation of the panorama
of life was too immediate an experience to leave
room for reflection. Detachment appeared cold to
him. But it is an absolute requisite for preserving
proportion in literature and life; no true criticism
is possible without it. And the very subordinate
position accorded to the spirit of criticism, of evalu-
ation, in Whitman's poetry accounts for that chaos
of standards and monotony of tone which is appar-
ent to even the casual reader.
Our emotional reaction to the world must, indeed,
be various both in degree and kind to be satisfying.
The rose, the clod, the stars, the throbbing city
street, speak to us in accents by no means similar or
of equal force. Whitman boasted that he included
all, as perhaps he did; but he certainly had not the
pliability of spirit, he was too great an egoist, to
interpret all. His point of view was not one that
tolerates a variety of experience. He did not draw
near to life in all its phases and attempt to catch
its spirit. His own personality, his "cosmic" self,
was too predominating. The procession of animate
and inanimate creation through his pages have a
value not in their own right, but derived from the
poet's transforming vision. And the emotion which
unifies the strange variety of his poetical work, which
breathes into it the cogent spirit of personality, has
been accurately called "cosmic emotion"; it is a
translation into feeling of intellectual monism.
Whitman was an emotional mystic, and regarded
the multiform variety of the world only as an ex-
pression of its essential unity.
in.
But it was with the vision of a spiritual democracy
that the profound creative energy of Whitman ex-
ercised itself; and our judgment of him as a religious
poet must form the basis of our final estimate. He
has himself explained the purpose of his poetry in a
passage of irresistible power in one of his prefaces:
"I will see (said I to myself) whether there is not, for my
purposes as a poet, a religion, and a sound religious germen-
ancy in the average human race, at least in their modern
development in the United States, and in the hardy common
fibre and native yearnings and elements, deeper and larger,
and affording more profitable returns, than all mere sects or
churches—as boundless, joyous, and vital as Nature itself—
a germenancy that has too long been unencouraged, unsung,
almost unknown."
Religion is too large and too important a factor to
be left to an institution. "It must be consigned
henceforth to democracy en masse, and to literature.
It must enter into the poems of the nation. It
must make the nation."
As thus stated the ideal has self-evident value.
Has Whitman, however, been successful in the ex-
ecution of his task? Is the imagined personality of
"Leaves of Grass " truly religious? Does that book
contain in it the enthralling vision which can energize
the mass of average men?
"Leaves of Grass" is a monistic chant. It cele-
brates the universe as a whole, and not any one part
alone. It expresses not a personal but a "cosmic"
emotion. Its view is not that of a struggling mem-
ber, but of an idle spectator of the cosmic process.
"Apart from the pulling and hauling stands what I am;
Stands amused, complacent, compassionating, idle, unitary."
And because he has made monism the basis of his
poetry, Whitman is able to be inclusive, to be the
poet of wickedness as well as of goodness; for him
there is no wickedness and no goodness, as such, but
merely a cosmic process.
This may indeed seem like ultimate spiritual
democracy. But in reality it is the very opposite; it


1912.]
325
THE DIAL
is the expression of a spiritual "special privilege."
The average man cannot indulge much in ''cosmic
emotion"; he is forced to concern himself with his
immediate interests as a part of the process. His life
will consequently be justified to him on vastly other
grounds than those Whitman has suggested. He
would not be able to understand "Leaves of Grass"
because it is remote from anything he has ever expe-
rienced. And so Whitman, although democratic
with a vengeance in his inclusiveness, can never be
democratic in his appeal.
The religion of the average man must obviously
recognize the dualism which is his daily experience.
The average man is ever looking forward into an
uncertain future; the situation calls for activity and
self-direction. Life is strenuous if it is at all moral
or religious, and its struggle develops better than
anything else the "religious germenancy" which
Whitman believed was in all men. But Whitman
was composed, satisfied with himself and the world;
the future did not invite him to effort, nor the present
to discriminate.
"Showing the best, and dividing it from the worst, age
vexes age;
Knowing the perfect fitness and equanimity of things,
while they discuss I am silent, and go bathe and
admire myself."
While Whitman thus seems to occupy a position
beyond good and evil, he has as a matter of fact yet
*> arrive at that parting of the ways where the moral
•ealm begins and ethical distinctions have sway.
[ie was a spectator of the panorama of life, not an
ictor in its drama. Even in his profoundly religious
pirit there is a pervading Bohemianism which viti-
ates his work. In no place is this more evident than
n his attitude towards woman. Whitman never
inderstood the distinctively feminine, in which the
thical appears upon this planet in its fairest and
inest form. His love poetry is primal and instinctive,
'ith an occasional approach to Oriental voluptuous-
ess and brutality. "Cosmic " emotion does not,
ideed, blend well with love,—the subtlest, most
elicate, and most personal of human feelings.
In his intense belief in the goodness of the uni-
erse, Whitman was thus too ready to compromise
ith the spirits of darkness. We may have to admit
lat, in the final scheme of things, evil will appear
> have been as necessary as the good; but we can-
st afford now to accept evil as readily as the good,
he modern man believes, too, in the autonomy of
ie spiritual nature of humanity! But he need not
id cannot leave this nature unnurtured or the vic-
n of aimless drift. Monistic optimism is therefore
him an impossible faith; in its stead experience
irnly thrusts upon him a dualism, and dualism
eans guidance by norms. Reason and taste must in-
itably function to systematize experience,determine
mdards, and act as a corrective and directive force
the relations of man to the world about him.
IV.
Thus we are brought back again from the weird-
ss of "Leaves of Grass" to life in its familiar
aspect, with all the old pressing problems still un-
solved. But every reader of Whitman must recognize
that something has been gained, even though it be
not the expected solution to the persistent riddle.
What is the secret of Whitman's power? To what
can we attribute the exhilarating and strengthening
qualities of his poetry?
The famous confession of John Addington
Symonds is illustrative, although a little extreme to
be typical, of the experience of men of culture in
contact with Whitman:
"' Leaves of Grass,' whioh I first read at the age of
twenty-five, influenced me more perhaps than any other
book has done, ezoept the Bible; more than Plato, more
than Goethe. . . . My academical prejudices, the literary
instincts trained by two decades of Greek and Latin studies,
the refinements ef culture, and the ezclusiveness of aristo-
cratic breeding, revolted against the uncouthness, roughness,
irregularity, coarseness of the poet and his style. But, in
course of a short time, Whitman delivered my soul of these
debilities."
Symonds did not, however, as everyone knows, give
up his academic interests when on the threshold of
manhood, to become a "natural and non-chalant"
loafer. His whole life was devoted to such matters
as appeal only to the cultivated. Whitman did not
replace his culture, but broadened it.
This is the distinctive service which the poetry
of Whitman is able to render us. It is a liberator
from academic narrowness, enlarging as it does the
basis of culture. The subtle and intricate thought
and feeling of the highly developed man, he does
not express; his spirit reached back into a primeval,
chaotic state, where the elemental was the most ob-
vious. His universe is in need of evolution. This
partly explains its fascination for us; in the midst of
the complexities of civilization we hear and respond
to the call of the wild. Perhaps at times our habit-
ual refinement would like to exclude some of the
rawness we find there; but, when the shock is once
overcome, the experience becomes satisfying, our
outlook and sympathies are broadened, our culture
itself becomes intenser and deeper because it draws
power from the uncultivated, the primitive, the
elemental.
In the poetry of Whitman, then, we do not find
a trustworthy constructive criticism of life, but
rather the chaotic, unevolved elements of life itself.
His poetry serves not as a guide, but as a point of
departure. His creative energy aimed, not at culti-
vation, but at expansion. Louis L Bredvold.
CASUAL COMMENT.
Pbos and cons on any question of wide interest
are usually so many, and each, taken alone, so con-
vincing, that it is not surprising if there rises to the
lips the old cry, What is truth? A person of judicial
habit of mind, and not a violent partisan by tempera-
ment, is torn by this conflict of arguments. In child-
hood all things are either black or white; there are
no grays. All men are good or bad, all actions either


326
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
right or wrong, and the line of division is as sharp
as that separating the mathematician's plus and
minus quantities. But the years that bring the
philosophic mind take away this comfortable cer-
tainty and leave us floundering in a sea of doubts.
In illustration of the inevitable two-sidedness (and
sometimes many-sidedness) of every question, the
double-column pages of an excellent and useful pub-
lication (" Pros and Cons," by Mr. John Bertram
Askew) set forth with clearness and sufficient brevity
the arguments for and against a great number of
proposed reforms and legislative acts. The book is
by this time no novelty to the reading world, being
now in its fifth edition (re-written and enlarged) and
the sixteenth year of its life. But as it is an English
work it may not be very familiar to American
readers. As an example of the impartial author's
manner of setting up a thesis with one hand and
knocking it down with the other, let us quote from
the section headed "A Censorship of Fiction." It
begins, in the left-hand column: "The evil of per-
nicious literature is a grave and dangerous one, and
deeply affects the principles and lives of the young
people of the nation. The steady increase in crime
may be to a considerable degree laid at the door of
fiction." This is rebutted in the parallel column,
thus: "The responsibility of fiction for the increase
in crime is greatly exaggerated. The ' young person'
who will be led astray by fiction is so weak that he
will go wrong, fiction or no fiction. Fiction repro-
duces the spirit of the age rather than creates it."
And so the argumentative see-saw goes agreeably on
through one subject after another. It is a contro-
versial teeter-board of infinite diversion—and also
of much sound sense.
■ • ■
A NOTABLE ADDITION TO AMERICAN PAGEANTRY
was the festival procession which formed the great
outdoor spectacle on the occasion of last month's
celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the
founding of Mount Holyoke College. In a setting of
wonderful autumn splendor, by means of pantomime
and symbolic tableaux, the academic departments of
the college depicted the liberal arts and sciences,
while alumnae, in the fashions of three-quarters of
a century, presented the seventy-five years of the
life of Mount Holyoke. From the first gay fiddling
of mediaeval minstrels, as, crossing a rustic bridge
and winding through brilliant trees, they led the
head of the great procession out on the grassy stage
under the eyes of more than three thousand specta-
tors, to the last rushing together of all the companies
of heralds and color-bearers on the wide green of
the South Campus, scene after scene unfolded in
significant and arresting beauty. Augustus and
Agrippa celebrated the Ludi Sseculares in the year
17 b. c. The chemical element paced through its
chequered history, ending in an ingenious setting
forth of Mendeleeff's "Periodic Law." Geology,
botany, and zoology united to depict evolution in
nature, even to Mendel's law of heredity. Portrait
figures presented masterpieces of the world's art.
In the presence of Louis XIV., Moliere conducted
rehearsals of his plays. Economics unfolded in five
groups the evolution of industrial society. Twenty
departments, with an ingenuity and comprehensive-
ness which can only be hinted at, thus developed
each a single subject chosen from its own special
field of knowledge. This is something new in page-
antry. By its originality of conception, spontaneity
of execution, variety and freedom of design, its beauty
of color, and continuity of thought, Mount Holyoke's
"Festival Procession" made that provocative appeal
to the imagination which is the final test of all art.
That this expression of the life of an academic com-
munity was entirely the product of that community
itself is still more suggestive. The seven hundred
undergraduates who participated received no "pro-
fessional" training. The historic accuracy of their
costuming derived from no imported brains. To
Professor Jewett, creator of the pageant, and her
able assistants is due this fresh insight into the art
impulses of twentieth-century life.
• • ■
A decade OF library GROWTH forms the sabject
of Mr. John Cotton Dana's current report to the
people of Newark (N. J.) concerning his adminis-
tration of their great and rapidly growing public
library. The decade began with the removal from
old to new quarters, from the outgrown building in
West Park Street to the splendid new structure
which, including land, cost not far from half a mil-
lion dollars and is one of our notable examples of
library architecture. Also coincident, or nearly
coincident with the beginning of the decade, if we
mistake not, was Mr. Dana's assumption of his pres-
ent position; and in that time he has had the grati-
fication of seeing the institution under his direction
grow marvellously in all its departments. From
approximately seventy-eight thousand volumes ten
years ago, the book-collection has increased to nearly
two hundred thousand; the annual circulation has
grown from less than a third of a million to more
than a million volumes; six branch libraries have
been established, and the eight delivery stations of
ten years ago have become magnified and trans-
formed into thirteen deposit stations; and the library
staff has undergone enlargement, from sixteen per-
sons to forty-four, not including messengers, janitors,
elevator men, engineers, and firemen. But all these
figures are, of course, merely the crude symbols of
that growth and ramification in the library's educa-
tional activities, that increased power of ministering
to the deeper needs of its patrons, which have come
as the result of ten years' well-directed effort.
A POSSIBLE UNEARTHING OF LITERARY TREA8URE
possessing value beyond the dreams of bibliophilism
may be regarded as a not very remote contingency.
If the present disturbances in the Balkan peninsula
should prove to mean that Turkey's hour of doom
has struck, there would be reasonable hope that the
thousands of precious manuscripts known to be stored
in the vaults of St. Sophia might at last see the light.


1912.]
327
THE DIAL
Tradition avers that at the time of the Turkish con-
quest of Constantinople more than a million manu-
scripts were hastily consigned for safe keeping to
the crypts beneath the sacred edifice; and though
Ottoman arrogance, which forbids Christians to visit
what was once the chief shrine of their faith, has
stubbornly refused to let these literary relics be ex-
amined, a very few favored persons have been allowed
to get a tantalizing peep at the piles of dusty rolls
mouldering in subterranean darkness. One of these
grudgingly-privileged ones was the late Moberly
Bell, of the London "Times," who left a description
of what was revealed to his hurried glance. In its
pre-Mohammedan prime the Byzantine capital num-
bered a million and more inhabitants, and boasted
many fine churches, famous monasteries, and flour-
ishing schools, while its leading citizens had each
his private library of considerable value. Conse-
quently the possibilities awaiting realization when
the accumulated treasures of St. Sophia's crypts
shall be unlocked are such as no scholar can con-
template in imagination with unquickened pulse.
Who knows but, among other priceless legacies of
classical antiquity, there may be discovered the lost
books of Livy, and the missing tragedies of /Eschy-
lus and Sophocles, and the poems of Anacreon and
Alcseus and Sappho?
Why novels multiply, especially in the English
book-world, is explained by London publishers — or
at least an explanation is attempted — somewhat as
follows. A great many women have in recent years
entered the ranks of journalism, but have found
themselves somewhat handicapped for that strenuous
calling by "sex disability." Therefore, unwilling to
abandon the pen for the needle or the egg-beater,
or other implement of female industry, they have
turned to the writing of romances for the entertain-
ment of other women, and some men, and have found
on the whole a hospitable market for their wares.
Indeed the publishers (Messrs. William Heinemann
and Arthur Waugh are quoted on this head) are said
to show a certain partiality for women's work in this
field of literature. The manuscripts submitted by
women novelists far outnumber those offered by men,
and commonly prove fully as acceptable, though in
point of literary finish, attention to the rales of
sentence-construction, and so on, the average edu-
cated woman shows herself inferior to the average
educated man. Apropos of this, one might observe,
parenthetically, it is curious to note the carelessness
in such subordinate details of even so gifted and
scholarly a woman novelist as Mrs. Humphry Ward.
Her paragraphing and punctuation, for example, seem
at times to be dictated by pure caprice. In further
evidence of the inherent attractions of novel-writing
for our " sex-disabled " women journalists, attention
is called to the smallness of remuneration that awaits
their labors. The pecuniary return for a work of
fiction does not average more than two hundred dol-
lars, while the labor of writing may have extended
over six months or a year, with no certainty of accept-
ance even at the end of that time. Froude's remark
is an often-quoted one, that the literary calling is
"the only occupation in which wages are not given
in proportion to the goodness of the work done."
"Lambing with Mb. Lucas" is an admirable
and easily understood phrase attributed by Mr.
Henry C. Shelley to an American friend of his who,
in the course of a visit to England, assured Mr.
Shelley that her dearest desire was to go Lambing
through London with Mr. E. V. Lucas. No better
guide to Lamb's London could be found than Elia's
genial biographer, who doubtless could dilate on the
charms of the metropolis with something of the same
eloquence as did Lamb himself in that letter to his
friend Manning wherein he glows with enthusiasm
over the "shops sparkling with pretty faces of indus-
trious milliners, neat sempstresses, ladies cheapen-
ing, gentlemen behind counters lying, authors in the
street with spectacles, George Dyers (you may know
them by their gait), lamps lit at night, pastry-cooks'
and silver-smiths' shops, beautiful Quakers of Pen-
tonville, noise of coaches, drowsy cry of mechanic
watchmen at night, with bucks reeling home drunk;
if you happen to wake at midnight, cries of Fire
and Stop thief; inns of court, with their learned airs,
and halls, and butteries, just like Cambridge colleges;
old book-stalls, Jeremy Taylors, Burtons on Melan-
choly, and Religio Medicis on every stall. These
are thy pleasures, O London with-the-many-sins."
In a sense, we can all, fortunately, go Lambing
through London with Mr. Lucas: we can do it in his
books; and we can also go Lucasing through London,
not only in some of his earlier volumes, but also, and
most enjoyably, in his new novel, "London Laven-
der," which will be found none the worse for the
occasional reappearance of some of the familiar
characters from its predecessors.
The post of biographer to erratic genius
is not the easiest in the world to fill, as must be
evident to every reader of Mr. Albert Bigelow
Paine's account (in the November "Harper") of
some of his experiences in trying to gather from
Mark Twain's flow of varied and extremely enter-
taining personal reminiscence such trustworthy data
as were needed for his prospective work. Unfor-
tunately for the biographer, Mark Twain's imagina-
tion eclipsed his memory in so many instances that
his autobiographic outpourings had to be carefully
checked and corrected with the help of such other
sources of information as were available — if there
were any such, as doubtless was not always the case.
"If you wanted to know the worst of Mark Twain,"
says his biographer, " you had only to ask him for it.
He would give it, to the last syllable — worse than
the worst, for his imagination would magnify it and
adorn it with new iniquities, and if he gave it again,
or a dozen times, he would improve upon it each
time, until the thread of history was almost impos-
sible to trace through the marvel of that fabric; and
he would do the same for another person just as


328
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
willingly." Painfully conscientious and unsparing
as Mark Twain is well-known to have been in his
self-revelations, he simply could not cure himself of
his growing habit of remembering quantities of
things that never happened. "When I was
younger," he once quaintly remarked, "I could
remember anything, whether it happened or not;
but I am getting old, and soon I shall remember
only the latter." . . .
Acknowledging the unproclaimed achieve-
ment,—welcoming the literary angel that comes to
us unawares,—is a task of peculiar pleasure which
presents itself all too infrequently. Such a pleasure,
however, we now indulge ourselves in by advising
the discriminating to possess themselves at once of a
little volume called "The Children of Light," which
has just come unheralded from the press. It is the
work of Miss Florence Converse, whose " Long Will"
was recently accorded the honor of inclusion in
"Everyman's Library." But unlike that romance,
"The Children of Light" is a tale of to-day — of the
mighty movement for social regeneration which is
slowly spreading over the world. It is a narrative
of much interest, told with rare distinction of style;
but its chief charm resides in the fine breath of
idealism which animates the whole. Something is
here of the spiritual glow and fervor of Ruskin and
Morris—the Ruskin of " Fors," the Morris of " News
from Nowhere." Especially to generous-hearted
young people, eager to bear their part in the strug-
gle for social righteousness yet bewildered by the
complexities of the problem, will this book bring joy
and enlightenment. If a few such readers find their
way to the volume through this brief paragraph, its
purpose will have been fulfilled.
Poetry by linear measurement appears to
form one of the subjects of study to be pursued at a
certain leading school of journalism. A press notice
announces that this school "will offer this year a
number of new courses in magazine writing and
editing, magazine advertising and circulation, and
magazine and newspaper verse." Wherein magazine
and newspaper verse differs conspicuously from
other verse seems to be the neat space-filling quality
that commands the reader's admiration as he reaches
the end of a prose article not quite able to stretch
itself to the bottom of the page or column. Here
the couplet, the quatrain, or in rare instances the
poem of six or eight lines, is in requisition; and the
practical journalist who can assist at the make-up
of the pages and fill in the gaps with appropriate
verse, should command a good weekly wage.
• « •
The first professorship of prints known to
exist in the educational or art world will be estab-
lished at Harvard as soon as an endowment of one
hundred and fifty thousand dollars is assured, two-
thirds of it being already pledged by seven New
York and Boston art-lovers. The occupant of the
new chair will also act as curator of prints at the
Boston Museum of Fine Arts; and the person already
selected for this double office is said to be Mr. Fitz-
Roy Carrington, who for the past fifteen years has
been a partner in the well-known New York art
firm of Frederick Keppel & Co., and is reputed one
of the foremost print-connoisseurs in the country.
In this connection it is also announced that "The
Print-Collector's Quarterly," the only American
periodical devoted wholly to engravings and etch-
ings, will be taken over by the Museum. Mr.
Carrington has been editor of the "Quarterly " from
its beginning nearly two years ago. A considerable
enlargement of the present collections of prints in
the Boston Art Museum and in the Fogg Museum at
Cambridge, and the organizing of a national society
of print-lovers, are among the things Mr. Carrington
hopes to accomplish. . . .
The intellectual life, long before and ever
since Hamerton wrote so convincingly about it, has
been to thousands the only life worth living. This
conviction is voiced again by the new president of
Amherst in his inaugural address. Dr. Meiklejohn
began his talk to the assembled college thus: "What-
ever others may say, the teacher knows that the
primary business of the college is intellectual rather
than technical or professional. The college is pri-
marily not a place of