;
were he only a tailor, he should never throw away his
yard-stick for a lance but with his good old scissors
cut out the Teutonic tailor.
Such a fight has indeed long been in progress,
and the Germans have won many well-
deserved victories. Why, then, should they
"challenge the world on the lower plane of
brute matter"? Why was it not sufficient to
conquer by civilized means? "Fatal perver-
sity of Germany — to have misunderstood
her own greatness! Proud in her pseudo-
philosophy, she has repeated 'man's first dis-
obedience' — she has ignored the divine voice,
she has listened to the lower promptings of
the serpent."
In another chapter, however, we are asked
to consider Germany's commercial and polit-
ical efficiency; and the question is raised,
whether it is worth while to enter into compe-
tition on her basis:
A professor of chemistry at a great provincial
university announced a lecture (during the war) on
"How to Capture the German Dye-Trade"! Charlie
Chaplin himself could not have drawn a more
numerous or eager audience. "First of all," he began,
and every ear was pricked up, and every eye glistened,
"no week-ends!" The faces fell. A dim presenti-
ment that German trade was capturing them chilled
the ardent assembly. In point of fact, what did it
mean, that Germany was "dumping" goods on Eng-
land? That in her cousinly devotion to the interests
of our masses she was toiling night and day to supply
them with commodities as cheaply as possible. Poor
patient, drudging Teuton 1 Pitiful helot, bearing our
British burdens! We did not want to be a nest of
ants with a slave-colony. But if Germans ever, ever,
ever, will be slaves what is to be done?
Mr. Zangwill pleads eloquently for the
attempt to shorten the war by beginning nego-
tiations looking toward peace. He quotes
Bloch and recent experience in favor of the
view that no decision or final military out-
come is to be expected. Thus eventually it
must be a matter of negotiations, and why
not begin now? Is there so much to gain
in a military sense that it will pay for the
enormous suffering and loss going on in the
meantime? Mr. Zangwill has no sympathy
with the unconditional Pacifist, who is "a
shirker not of military duty but of unpleasant
facts," but he finds what he calls the "Mili-
tary Pacifists" even less bearable.
Their notion of ending war by wiping out Germany
is the most dangerous form of homicidal mania now
endemic. . . As a rule, Utopians do no harm, if
little good. But in chasing the mirage of a Germany
in ruins, they may work woeful mischief to England,
setting her fortunes, as they do, on the fall of a
single die, and declaring, as they do, that nothing
matters — not even bankruptcy — so long as the pur-
sual of their Will-o '-the-Wisp is unrelated.
In a chapter on "Novelists and the War,"
we are reminded that the novelist is, after
all, a "professor of human nature," and as
such may have useful things to say on public
affairs. "To the novelist human and
unashamed the strategy of war is not so
fascinating as its psychology, as its patholog-
ical problems." Better than many others, he
understands the mysteries of double person-
ality, and the effects of circumstances on the
mind. So, says Mr. Zangwill, the emergence
of the "hyphenated" in America is no more
proof of the failure of the fusive process
which is making an American nation, than
sea-sickness is a proof of the unreality of
digestion. So again in actual war: "as the
deadly poison-gas of the Germans may be got
by decomposing common salt, so the common
man may be decomposed into a demon. But
he returns gladly to his simple table self."
Under conditions of war, the judgment is
warped, and lies pass current for truth; it
even becomes unpatriotic to attempt to be
just:
This is the true "fog of war"—that we no longer
see each other, that we hack blindly in the dark at
the monstrous images we have made of each other.
The German crimes are largely the outcome of an
inhuman logic pushed to extremes by panic fear,


1916]
189
THE DIAL
and the bulk of the Germans are no more responsible
for them than you or I for the deaths in the Darda-
nelles. When we last caught sight of their faces —
on Christmas Eve in the trenches — what was there
but the lineaments of our common, our poor, pitiful
humanity?
Four chapters are devoted to the woman
question, and the latter part of the book
contains a very illuminating discussion of the
Jewish people, particularly in relation to
Russia. As to the first: "Not only has female
militancy ceased — it has been replaced, as
we have seen, by female service, service so
devoted, so multifarious, so self-sacrificing
and so heroic as to make any further denial of
equal footing as futile as it would be ungrate-
ful. . . Everywhere, you see, the distinc-
tion between the sexes is being reduced to its
proper sphere — which is with few exceptions
the sphere of privacy. Sex's place is the
home." The Jewish problem is presented as
one which is especially, at this time, the con-
cern of England. The treatment of the Jews
in Russia remains abominable, in spite of the
fact that they have fought so well in the war.
England, now allied with Russia, has some
right to demand better things, as we all
thought the Germans should have demanded
of the Turks in Armenia. The Jews indeed
have not been the only sufferers, and natur-
ally the liberals of Russia looked for aid to
the liberal sentiment of England. "What
will they say in liberty-loving England?"
exclaimed a speaker in the Duma. But alas!
in England they had little or nothing to say,
at any rate officially.
Our first impression of a certain undue
lightness of treatment vanishes as we absorb
the contents of this many-sided book,— not
that it was altogether mistaken, but because
we forget it in our interest in the great ques-
tions discussed and the sincerity and ability
shown in the treatment.
T. D. A. Cockerell.
Addressed to members of the Anglican Church
in America as well as to all American Christians,
be they professional Churchmen or not, Rev. Wm.
A. R. Goodwin's "The Church Enchained"
(Dutton) is an eloquent and worthy effort to
arouse Christians to the appalling crisis which
faces them. What are the Church's responsibil-
ities, and what her labor to fulfill that high calling
appointed unto her? If she be failing, why did
she fail? and how may she correct herself? These
are the immediate and necessary questions to be
asked and answered by Christians everywhere.
Additional weight is given to this appeal by reason
of its introduction written by the Rt. Rev. David
H. Greer, Bishop of the Diocese of New York.
With the Allies.*
It may be that years hence some Homer
will write an epic on the retreat of the Serbian
army in the year 1915, or that a Bennett will
detail, in three volumes, the emotions of an
individual refugee, but just now Mr. Fortier
Jones, an American, has recorded the impres-
sions of an eye-witness to the actual happen-
ing—the rout of a nation. Or it may be, with
the passing of years, that succeeding incidents
and a broader perspective will arrange values
to an extent preventive of epics, or even of
trilogies. But the chances are that the event
of which Mr. Jones has written will always be
considered one of the most tremendous catas-
trophes in history.
Mr. Jones was with the retreating army
from the Danube to the Adriatic, and in pow-
erful terms he sets forth the tragedy of the
flight. He tells of the sudden approach of
defeat, of the cold and sleet and snow, of
almost impassable roads blocked solid for
miles with struggling men and women, with
oxen and automobiles; he tells of hunger and
disease, of superb fighting spirit, of lack of
ammunition, of adherence to an ideal.
His narrative is one of striking contrasts,—
the heroic "cheechas," feeble old men in the
last line of reserve with empty stomachs and
cheerful grins, and the boys not quite old
enough for service, who were herded together
and sent to the sea, which only a few ever
reached, that they might be saved from the
advancing Teutons and Bulgars for a "to-
morrow" of vengeance. He presents single
episodes that express the whole feeling of
the nation,—a soldier accidentally knocking
an old woman into the snow and throwing
down his own equipment that he might carry
her, and the old woman cursing him and
pointing to his gun. He tells of the unbecom-
ing conduct of the British attaches, and the
splendid fortitude of the British nurses whom
he conducted throughout the greater part of
the retreat. He speaks, also, of the over-adver-
tised aid that the United States rendered
during the typhus epidemic, and offers the
statement that other nations, notably Russia,
did more and said less.
* With Serbia Into Exile. By Fortier Jones. New
York: The Century Co.
Prison Kit op War. By Andre Warnod. Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott Co.
The Great Push. By Patrick MacGill. New York:
George H. Doran Co.
A Woman's Diary of the War. By S. MacNaughtan.
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
Michael Cassidy. Sergeant. By "Sapper." New York:
George H. Doran Co.
In the Field. By Marcel Dupont. Philadelphia: J. B.
Lippincott Co.


190
[September 21
THE DIAL
All these things he tells, and in simple,
direct language. He seems to have realized the
effectiveness of fact rather than its impres-
siveness. For these things were stark facts
to him, and if, because 'of this, he loses at
times the writer's self-consciousness, it is not
to his discredit. And thereby does he present
more convincingly the thought with which, as
a prediction, he concludes the book: That the
national soul of Serbia shall not die.
Throughout the book the personal pronoun
is suppressed, but it is easily seen what part
Mr. Jones played in the events which he nar-
rates. And an interest attaches to the per-
sonality of the writer because of the nature
of those events. His decision to join the relief
expedition and his departure within twenty-
four hours hint at a mere impetuous eager-
ness for adventure, but contact with raw,
naked life may have played an important
part in a development of character. For the
quality of the thought shows plainly that he
has caught much of the spirit of service.
However that may be, it would certainly
seem that the book is the honest writing of
a gallant gentleman.
Quite different in method is the "Prisoner
of War," by Andre Warnod, a Parisian jour-
nalist, who was taken captive by the Germans
and confined in a detention camp with thou-
sands of other prisoners,—Russians, Moroc-
cans, Highlanders, Belgians. With what is
obviously an intention of giving the "home
folks" an accurate idea of existence in these
surroundings, he has written of the living
conditions of the camp, the attitude of Ger-
man soldiers and civilians, and the spirit of
the prisoners. He gives descriptions and
sketches, in words and drawings, of the fea-
tures of camp life,— the concerts with instru-
ments fashioned from boxes, the Christmas
mass with its terrible depression, the theatre
with scenery painted on sheets of paper, the
prisoner-vendors of food and drink and
trinkets, the fire drill.
In everything he is the Parisien and the
artist. The wretchedness of the prisoners is
emphasized when he tells of it in cheerful
vein; he sees the pictorial value, the color, in
every incident of the life around him. He
laughs at German "thoroughness," which
provides beds but no bedding, and stoves
without coal; he returns an indictment of
tactlessness against the Germans as their
worst sin!
Patrick MacGill, who wrote "Children of
the Dead End," "The Rat Pit," and "The
Red Horizon," was with the Royal Irish at
Loos when the regiment kicked a football
across the field to the German trenches, and
this charge is the "big scene" in his book,
"The Great Push." At least one has the feel-
ing that the book was written around this
incident and the advertising tends to indi-
cate it.
It is a "big scene," and thrilling and dra-
matic and convincing, and all the other stock
adjectives. But it is not as thrilling by half
as the scene just before it, where the men are
waiting to go "over the top" of the trenches,
nor as dramatic as "The Ration Party," nor
as convincing as the episode of Gilhooley, the
Bomber. However, he draws interesting
figures,—Bill, Teake, Pryor, Chaplain Lane-
Fox, M'Crone,—men whose traits of charac-
ter in peace times show through in the most
curious ways in the metamorphoses of war.
These men, and the argot of the trenches,
and such incidents as the stemming of a
retreat and the picking up of the wounded
are sketched with a good deal of skill. Alto-
gether there is presented the very essence of
the war, or as Bill would say, the smell of it.
At times Mr. MacGill comes dangerously close
to the crime of "fine writing," but most of
the book was written on the scene of action,
and the wonder of it is that he wrote as sim-
ply as he did.
After reading Mr. Fortier Jones's account
of the British nurses in the Serbian retreat,
it is especially interesting to follow the adven-
tures of a woman of the same stripe as
those for whom he has so much admiration.
Miss S. MacNaughtan, a novelist, joined the
Red Cross at the beginning of the war, went
through the siege and evacuation of Antwerp,
and was with her unit at Furnes and La
Panne. Hers is the intimate view of the
behind-the-lines phase of the war, the contact
with suffering without the opportunity for
counter-aggression.
In attractively simple language she de-
scribes the handling of the wounded and the
cheerful persistence with which the nurses
"did their bit." There is not a little humor
in the book and a great deal of earnestness.
Surely a nation with the spirit of Mr. Jones's
and Miss MacNaughtan's women is uncon-
querable.
"Sapper" is an English officer of Engineers,
and he has written a book called "Michael
Cassidy, Sergeant." And Michael Cassidy is
not Kiplingesque. This, incredibly, despite
the sub-title: "'Plain Tales' of the Great
War"!
Michael Cassidy is in London, wounded,
when the author reaches the city on his way
to the front. In a number of short stories,
more or less connected, he tells of what has
befallen him. Later on Michael disappears,


1916]
191
THE DIAL
and his place is taken by other characters,—
such as the "nut" who enlisted, and after his
first shelling, found
that there were other things besides cocktails and
whisky sours and amusing women, and that a new
force was at work — the force of Death — which
made them all seem very petty. The ancestors
seemed a bit petty, the money that came from tins
seemed a bit petty; he only remembered a head roll-
ing toward him with gaping mouth and staring eyes.
It struck him that his might have been the head.
Michael Cassidy is not astoundingly real,
though he is quite a ladies' man, and his
dialect, with what one might call its procras-
tinating verbs, and its inversions, is so deter-
minedly Irish that it is almost German!
But he is interesting, as are the other char-
acters, and the stories "grip," which, after
all, is the final test.
Very simply and modestly, Marcel Dupont,
a lieutenant of Chasseurs, speaks of "things
I have seen with my own eyes, in the little
corner of the battle-field occupied by my regi-
ment," in "In the Field." By way of preface,
he says:
Further, I gladly offer these "impressions" to any
non-combatants they may interest. They must not look
for the talents of a great story-teller, nor the thrill-
ing interest of a novel. All they will find is the
simple tale of an eyewitness, the unschooled effort of
a soldier more apt with the sword than with the
pen.
What "they" do find is some very effective
work; stories with a distinct charm, and a
distinct, though unconscious, purpose. Be-
cause he was with the cavalry arm M. Dupont
saw more of the ancient glory of war,
at first, than would have been his fortune had
be been in the trenches from the beginning;
but later on he came face to face with "the
other thing." The stories, "Sister Gabrielle"
and "The First Charge" are particularly
good.
"They" who read are sure to glimpse
somewhat of the spirit that makes for the
wonderful relations between officer and man,
the spirit that animates the French army and
the French Republic. If they be American,
"Thev" may perceive a quality to which our
own Republic must attain if it is to survive.
Travis Hoke.
The little poems of Barbara Erskine have been
gathered together and printed in simple book form
by The Trow Press. They were found in note-
books, tucked into volumes of poetry she had loved
and read, and taken from letters to friends. The
book contains 75 pages and is printed on French
hand-made paper, with a full-page illustration in
pen and ink by Lewis E. Macomber, which is
printed on vellum. Miss Erskine was the daughter
of Elia W. Peattie, of the "Chicago Tribune," a
well-known writer of short stories.
Mr. George Moore's New Christ.*
Mr. George Moore's novel on the life of
Christ, "The Brook Kerith," could not have
been published at a more appropriate time.
One thing that the Great War has settled
for good, though I fear many honest people
are too stupid to recognize it, is that in the
life of the modern world Christianity is like
a best suit of clothes worn to please ourselves
and impress the neighbors. The warring
nations are each like a citizen who, strolling
in his orchard on a Sunday, after meeting,
has seen an armed foreigner getting through
the hedge. What does the citizen do? He
runs back to his house for his loaded gun and
tries to get in the first shot at the intruder.
Afterwards he protests that he has always
been, and will always remain, a firm and
devout Christian. No doubt some American
readers have heard the story of the patriotic
clergyman's reply to the pacific-minded
socialist,—"Where are the Christians, Sir,
you ask? The Christians are all at the front!"
And I believe this is now coming to be true,
for the reason that those who have suffered
the horrors of war are far nearer to under-
standing Christ's teaching than those who,
staying safe at home, pray for victory over
the enemy. Mr. George Moore's careful
study of the figure of Jesus of Nazareth, one
which I understand is fortified by his own
impressions of Palestine, the people and the
country, is therefore doubly welcome to any-
one who, forced to face the atrocious facts of
the most hideous war known to history, exam-
ines for himself the foundations of Christ's
teaching.
Let me say at once that though Mr. George
Moore's conception and interpretation of
Jesus seem to me essentially inadequate, his
clever novel should help to stimulate people
generally to separate the kernel from the
husk of Christ's teaching. I say "clever,"
for could the author have risen to the height
of the main conceptions embodied in the
Sermon on the Mount, as Tolstoy did, and
have kept the psychological drama on the
plane of that highest human altitude, the
book would have been one of rare genius.
Mr. George Moore's genius, however, is of a
feline order, as the admirers of "Ave atque
Vale" know,— one that reminds us of a
woman suavely receptive, yet seriously pre-
occupied with the effect of the last dress she
has put on. Her malice she keeps for her
dear friends, while her art is devoted to her
own adornment.
•The Brook Kerith.
The Macmillan Co.
By Georire Moore. New York:


192
[September 21
THE DIAL
"The Brook Kerith" is, as one might expect. |
most able in its reflection of an Eastern |
atmosphere, of the Jewish, Pagan, and early
Christian ideas of the period, of the concep-
tions and practices of primitive sects, such
as the Essenes. Mr. Moore has always shown
extraordinary skill in assimilating and repro-
ducing, in a manner all his own, the literary
model he has studied. First it was Baudelaire,
then Zola, then Manet, and Whistler's art
criticism, then Wagner's operas, Catholicism,
and Ireland, successively claimed his atten-
tion. Lastly he gave us his brilliant, witty,
and studiously indiscreet series of reminis-
cences of himself and his contemporaries, vol-
umes in which his genius for posing made for
as much delight as his confidences about his
old friends. And now he has placed in his
debt all lovers of literature as well as all the
polite professors of drawing-room Christian
ethics. From "The Brook Kerith" the latter
will learn that Jesus, resuscitated by Joseph of
Arimathea after he had lain in the sepulchre
and secreted by him many months in his
home on Mount Scropas, returned to the
cenoby of the Essenes on the Jordan, where
he abjured his mission, looked with horror
on his claim to be the promised Messiah,
repented of the revolutionary violence of his
teaching in Jerusalem, and lived out his
thirty remaining years of life as an obscure
humble shepherd, leading his flocks on the
mountains above Jordan. Lest the disciple
of Church Christianity accuse our author, in
Dean Swift's words, of being one of those
who "learn polite behavior by making gibes
against their Savior," let us insist that "The
Brook Kerith" is a work of high artistic
skill and genuine imaginative intensity. Mr.
Moore has doubtless studied Benan and the
latter-day exponents of modern Biblical crit-
icism; and he has been at the utmost pains to
construct, out of the palimpsest of the New
Testament's varied narratives, a Christ
humanly credible in relation to his Jewish
atmosphere and environment.
So far as cunning actuality of local color
into which a chosen mosaic of historical evi-
dence has been artfully worked, can take
us, "The Brook Kerith" is a tour de force,
masterly by virtue of its homogeneous atmos-
phere, harmony of tone, and exquisite style.
From the aspect of artistic craftsmanship, the
picture, by its general arrangement, mellow
harmony of tone, and perfect drawing of the
figures and landscape, vies with an old Dutch
master, say Terbnrg. Learned critics may,
for aught we know, pick to pieces this his-
torical tapestry, and demonstrate that the
life of Joseph of Arimathea's household, of
the Essene cenoby, of the fisher disciples of
Galilee, of the Pharisees and Saducees in
Jerusalem is false, historically and socially.
But even should this be so, Mr. Moore would
find himself in the company of Rembrandt,
whose Scriptural scenes are imaginative
masterpieces, albeit his figures in street and
tabernacle are palpably transmogrified Dutch
burghers and beggars of the seventeenth cen-
tury. As a cunning literary artist, Mr. Moore
in "The Brook Kerith" is, we repeat, beyond
reproach; and though a strong note of affec-
tation is audible in the detailed narrative of
Jesus of Nazareth's shepherd preoccupation
with scab and wolves and shearing-time and
scarcity of good strains of rams, oddly enough
this affectation damages very little the
harmony of the picture. At times one thinks
that Mr. Moore has palpably overdone the
stupidity of Simon Peter and the simplic-
ity of the disciples; but, after all, what mat-
ter? To atone, his portrait of Paul, the
worldly Christian zealot who, confronted with
Jesus of Nazareth in the flesh, thirty years
after the Crucifixion, struggles hard to con-
vert him to his faith that there is but one
Mediator between God and Man, Christ Jesus
our Lord, who came to redeem the world
by his death on the cross,— his portrait of
Paul, we repeat, is one of great literary
cunning. Mr. Moore has carefully led up to
this ironical situation: Jesus recoiling in
horror from the fictitious, supernatural Christ
of Paul's imagining, and from the whole
fabric of the legend of God's raising His Son
from the dead.
It is a situation which would greatly delight
Anatole France,' and one no doubt' which
may shock the feelings of that great public
which is so concerned with the preservation
of the husk of Christianity that it troubles
little about the kernel. But the grace and
suavity of the scene in which the Apostle Paul
is led to declare that he is laboring to bring
the whole world to Christ, while the mature
utterances of Jesus the Shepherd walking by
his side he rejects as those of an evil spirit or
of a madman, cannot blind us to our author's
root psychological failure. Mr. Moore, like
so many of the commentators, has been sadly
perplexed by the seeming contradiction
between the Christ who uttered the command-
ment "Resist not evil," and the Christ who
in wrath scourged the hypocrites and Phari-
sees and drove the money-changers out of the
Temple. And he cuts the Gordian knot by
making Jesus in his solitude repent of his
presumption and pride when he believed that
he was the Messiah, and condemn as evil and
blasphemous all his anger and harshness


1916]
193
THE DIAL
against the priest, and the iniquities of the
world:
It came to me to understand that all striving was
vain and worse than vain. The pursuit of a corrupt
crown as well as the pursuit of an incorruptible
crown leads us to sin. If we would reach the
sinless state we must relinquish pursuit. What I
mean is this, that he who seeks the incorruptible
crown starts out with words of love on his lips to
persuade men to love God and finding that men do
not love him he begins to hate them and hate leads
on into persecution. Such is the end of all wor-
ship, Paul.
Jesus is made to relapse into a state of
Buddhistic passivism; and though this spir-
itual refuge may seem the only logical solu-
tion to Mr. Moore, the grandeur of Christ's
divine pity for the weak and the suffering
undergoes almost complete eclipse. So much
so indeed that in one of the last scenes we see
Jesus hurrying away from a great crucifixion
of robbers near Jerusalem, ordained by the
Roman procurator, so that he, Jesus, may
escape the memory of their cries and faces;
and then he becomes lost in a vision of his
own story, his own mistakes, his own sins!
In short, the creator of the great command-
ment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy-
self," steadily shrinks into a being perfectly
comprehensible, in thought and act, to Mr.
Moore's philosophic reason. We fear that
Humanity will not gain by the exchange,
and that the stricken millions, dying, will
still instinctively call on the name of the old
Christ. None the less, we are grateful to
Mr. Moore for "The Brook Kerith," and we
anticipate that the book may stimulate many
Christian clerics to the production of some
very moving sermons. ^ _
.hDWARD GarNETT.
Recent Fiction.*
Some time ago there appeared a newspaper
article which began with the question, "Why
shouldn't American novelists be American?"
When one first reads a remark like this, one
is tempted to say, Why indeed? and to won-
der who wishes to prevent American novelists
from being American. But an answer was
provided in the next sentence: "Why do cer-
tain critics insist that they should be French
or Russian or English with an Oxford
accent?" It appeared that Mr. Stephen
• The Woman Gives. By Owen Johnson. Boston: Little,
Brown ft Co.
Witte Arrives. By Ellas Tobenkin. New York:
Frederick A. Stokes Co.
The Heart of Rachael. By Kathleen Norris. New
York: Doubleday. Page A Co.
The Sailor. By J. C. Snaith. New York: D. Appleton
ft Co.
Casuals of the Sea. By William McFee. New York:
Doubleday, Page & Co.
Whitman (author of "Children of Hope" and
the "Isle of Life"), whose utterances were
voiced some time since by Mr. Joyce Kilmer,
was calling for a literary Declaration of
Independence.
I wish very much not to put myself on
either side (if there be sides) in such a dis-
cussion. It might be said that a good many
American novelists are American. Take three
such books as Miss Canfield's "The Bent
Twig," Miss Cather's "The Song of the
Lark," and Mrs. Watt's "The Rudder"—
books which are among the best novels of the
year; they are certainly American enough,
not only in subject (that is not the whole
thing) but in manner of thought, mode of
expression, everything. And so a great many
other of our current novels are American in
all sorts of ways.
There is one reason, however, why Ameri-
can novelists should not be American, or
rather why they are not American, and that
is because they either can not or will not study
the life which they see and get their ideas
and impressions at first-hand. For instance,
take Mr. Owen Johnson and his book, "The
Woman Gives." Of this book the publishers
say: "As you read you joy in the youth and
love of Bohemian life, you are enthralled
by the mystery of Dangerfield's past, and
touched to the heart by the greatness of
Inga's sacrificial spirit." And those elements
are certainly in the book (as well as pictures
by Mr. Christie); but as you read for your-
self you can see why Mr. Johnson, for one,
is not American. It is not because anyone
wants him to be Russian, French, or anything
else, but simply because he does not, probably
cannot, study American life at first-hand, but
instead makes his book out of tried and tested
literary conventions of which he readily imag-
ines interesting illustrations. When Mr.
Johnson first wrote his Lawrenceville stories,
people in general (who had no conception of
Lawrenceville) were astonished and delighted
in his revelations of boy-life; when he wrote
"Stover at Yale" there arose murmurs about
Yale life not really being like that; when he
proceeded to "The Fifty-first Second" people
at once said, "Now I don't believe your pro-
digious Hickey," because it became clear that
Mr. Johnson had his eye on life merely to
fill in the molds and forms otherwise existing
in his own mind, which molds and forms had
come there, not as being made by life itself,
but as a result of reading books. All the
accuracy of touch and detail in "The Woman
Gives" cannot make it really American or
really good. There is doubtless Bohemian-
ism, mystery, and sacrifice in American life,


194
[September 21
THE DIAL
but in Mr. Johnson's book it does not ring
true. It sounds too much like literature, too
much like other things we have read, too
much, indeed, like the movie and the popular
monthly. People may read it for amusement
or for thrills, but hardly for some real pre-
sentation (not to say interpretation) of the
life either about us or anywhere else.
Perhaps it is not worth while to say so
much about Mr. Owen Johnson. He repre-
sents a kind of literature that will always
exist, and people will always enjoy his books
who doubtless will never read these lines. We
may pass from his story of New York life to
another book which also may be called Amer-
ican. This is "Witte Arrives," by Mr. Elias
Tobenkin. This book, we are told, is "the
great American novel which Robert Herrick
once said an immigrant would rise and
write." But if an immigrant writes, is it not
too likely that we may have something of
those dreadful foreign influences which some
people think are crushing out our natural lit-
erature T Especially is it not possible that one
who would seem (from this story) to be a
Russian Jew might have something of that
"black, brooding melancholy" which Mr.
Whitman discerns in the Russians in America
and which he rightly takes to be something
very different from the American attitude of
mind?
Such apprehensions may be at once put
aside. Mr. Elias Tobenkin, though he has little
of that "optimistic commercialism" which is
to be seen in many American books, has not
much of that delight in woe which some
people think characteristic of Russian books.
In fact, he has little of anything traditional
or conventional about him. It is not that he
has discovered new and profoundly original
sources of American nationality, nor new or
profoundly original ideas as to the American
future. It may be that Mr. Tobenkin's book
may not have quite the success that awaited
the first production of Elias Witte, his hero.
The American public is likely enough to think
it has read of such matters before. So indeed
it has. Almost anyone can remember books
of the last few years in which immigrants or
the children of immigrants have, by their sym-
pathetic presentation of things that as immi-
grants they knew, been able to arouse the
interest of the American public. But whether
there be other such books or not is hardly to
the point. This book resembles Witte's book
in one respect (which was probably in the
author's mind), namely, that it has distinctly
the air of being made up of "things one has
lived through, sufferings one has experienced
in one's own soul."
How this little Russian who settled in the
West became an American not only as Ameri-
can as the rest but rather more so, is the sub-
ject of Mr. Tobenkin's book, and it is a subject
on which he has first-hand knowledge. I think
myself that his knowledge, though first-hand
(and therefore fit subject for good litera-
ture), is not as broad as may be imagined by
some. It is written of Witte, on a first visit
to a municipal lodging house, that "it took
but a single keen look to discern and separate
the few derelicts in the crowd from the hon-
est, well-intentioned working men, clerks and,
here and there, even a professional man." I
must doubt if that single keen look really dis-
cerned and separated correctly in that most
most difficult chaos of humanity to be found
on such occasions. It is not of much impor-
tance: Mr. Tobenkin may at times fill in the
gaps in his real knowledge of real life with
other matters. There seems little ground for
thinking that Witte's editorials "attracted
attention particularly by their Emersonian
flavor"; they may have, but if so it must have
been an injected flavor, for in Witte's earlier
life one sees very little of the spirit of Emer-
son. But these matters are trifles. The main
thing is that the book really does put into lit-
erary form one of those experiences that may
teach us much about America.
Another of the newer books may also be
spoken of here,—Mrs. Norris's "The Heart
of Rachael." Perhaps one would not feel that
this book is distinctively American, for it
deals with that phase of life which on the
surface seems made up of tennis, golf, danc-
ing and bridge, flirtations and gossip, cock-
tails and dinners, clubs and country-houses;
and such life is perhaps no more American
than anything else. But Mrs. Norris is not
much concerned with the superficial aspects
of such existence; she takes it because it pre-
sents something which she probably thinks is
really one of the characteristic phases of the
life of our day. The book presents a view of
the question (if it be one) of divorce. Rachael
is a woman who married a young man who
had been divorced. He was a man of loose
and careless habits, who drank too much and
made life for his wife intolerable. There
were various circumstances which aggravated
the misunderstandings, but in course of time
she became convinced that she could not live
with him, applied for a divorce, and as he
made no resistance, got it. It must be con-
fessed that about the time she found it impos-
sible to live with her husband she found that
she was in love with an old friend and he
with her. As soon as she was free they were
married.


1916]
195
THE DIAL
So much seems, when baldly told, little
more than extravaganza, although Mrs. Nor-
ris of course makes it seem not unnatural. It
may be that in the circles which she has in
mind such things are common enough. But
common or not, the real story begins at this
point. Here Mrs. Norris has a chance to pre-
sent the influence of loose and easy views of
divorce on married life and upon life in gen-
eral. And though doubtless her main interest
lay in her people and what they were to do
and how they did it, yet her chief idea, as one
may say, was to present the prevalent view of
divorce, the loose and easy modes of regard-
ing marriage that prevail today, the effective
power of the finest married life, the impres-
sive character of real if apparently limited
religion, and other such things as develop out
of this well imagined situation. No very
great original ideas, these, nor does Mrs.
Norris present them as such; they are inter-
woven with the life she presents in such a
way that one feels them to be the testimony
of life. And that makes a good book : per-
haps people will not like it as much as "The
Story of Julia Page"; it certainly has not the
variety of phases of human life that one
found there, nor should I say there was quite
so much good character drawing. But char-
acter drawing does not seem to be Mrs. Nor-
ris's strong point,—though her people are
real and natural enough, they do not make a
very lasting impression. She is at her best
when she is showing what are so often called
the deeper things of life, as they come to the
surface by one or another incident or situ-
ation. And this she does in the present book
as she has often done before.
Let us turn from these American novels to
some English books, particularly the two
which will naturally come together in people's
minds. Mr. Snaith's "The Sailor" and Mr.
McFee's "Casuals of The Sea" will almost
inevitably be compared. Some will like one
better, others will like the other; but both
books are good, especially for people who like
that sort of thing. It has been a question
with us as to whether this or that book really
and rightly presented or interpreted the con-
ditions of the life of our time, American
or any other. That, however, seems very
clearly the object of both Mr. McFee and Mr.
Snaith. Each undoubtedly has first interest
in his chief character, but the method of each
is distinctly in the direction of realizing con-
ditions of life. It may be for this reason that
neither writer steers clear of the deep gloom
which Mr. Whitman reprehends as being so
un-American and so characteristic of foreign
writers.
It might be said at once that neither of
these stories is distinctly a sea-story. Mr.
Snaith is a well-known and effective novelist
without especial predilection for the sea. Mr.
McFee, a new writer, is a practical sailor
familiar with the sea at first-hand; but he
does not make the sea the dominating element
in his book. The very title, "Casuals of the
Sea," has a figurative turn; he uses the
expression not only directly as applied to
tramp steamers but also figuratively to drift-
ers here and there upon the sea of life,—"cas-
uals of the way-worn earth," he calls them in
his Dedication.
To discern between the excellencies of these
two books will be for many an interesting
exercise of the critical faculty, nor would it
be worth while to anticipate such comparison
and criticism. Mr. Snaith has in mind a new
rendering of a subject of perennial interest,
the development of a man of genius. Henry
Harper has a miserable childhood in the slums
of a provincial town, a hard experience as a
sailor for several years, a brief excitement
when he gets back from his voyage, as a bril-
liant football player, and then settling in
London he is led by curious circumstances to
find himself a great novelist. All this is excel-
lently done. Mr. Snaith never loses sight of
his subject, which he views with a dry and
somewhat cynical air. If one can stand the
accumulated misery of the beginning, one will
like the book. The surroundings have the air
of real life; and though Mr. Snaith's personal
attitude seems almost to preclude sympathy
for his people, yet the interest keeps up. The
main figure, however, seems to me too silently
and idiotically stupid ever to have lived long,
not to say developed into a great novelist.
But that, of course, is Mr. Snaith's thesis, in
a way,—to show how the artistic tempera-
ment grew and developed in a nature so
utterly unable to master the practical things
of life.
Mr. McFee's book will be read for some-
thing different,—not so much for his chief
figure or figures as for the general u slice of
life" which he presents. The scenes at sea
are immensely interesting, but not so much
so (in my mind) as the career of Minnie
which precedes it. The fortune of a sister
and a brother is what interests Mr. McFee,
and that one should be a sailor does not make
the book a sea story any more than that the
other's wayward and casual life makes the
book anything else. What I relish most is the
general tone of the thing,—a picture of life it
is doubtless, but seen through a very decided
temperament. I wish I could give more study
and more space to Mr. McFee's view of life,


196
[September 21
THE DIAL
his disposition, his way of putting things. He
is not merely the sailor, he has ideas and
opinions, and also eyes with which he has
seen many interesting things and people. Mr.
McPee is just as interesting to me when he
writes about advertising as when he writes of
the sea,—perhaps more. It is his quality that
is really the thing. „ _,
Edward E. Hale.
Three Not of a Kind.*
Grace King really knows New. Orleans.
She was born there, "raised" there, and lives
there now. She was an impressionable little
girl when the city was captured by the Yan-
kees, and she possessed exactly the right num-
ber of years to comprehend the horrors of
the reconstruction regime. Her book, "New
Orleans, the Place and the People," has
delighted the inhabitants and instructed the
tourists; she is a specialist in the social life
of the South. Her historical works, her essays
in biography, her short stories, all deal with
scenes on land and water familiar to her mem-
ory and to her senses. Yet there is one respect
in which this new book transcends all the oth-
ers in importance: They were notable for
their accurate knowledge, for their contribu-
tive value. This new book gives her a definite
place as a literary artist. Literary artists are
rarer than competent historians.
I have seen "The Pleasant Ways of St.
Medard" advertised as "a lament for the old
South at the close of the civil war and the
humiliation of a ruined family." I do not
need the word "pleasant" in the title to con-
vince me of the ineptitude of this description.
Lamentation is not the right word for the
golden fruits of autumn or for the soft haze
of Indian Summer. Furthermore our author,
whose personality has appeared clearly
enough in her preceding books, has neither
talent nor inclination for mourning. These
sketches have the charm of "II Penseroso"
rather than the bitterness of woe. And out
of the ruins of health, and wealth, and aristo-
cratic assurance rises Character in these
pages — indomitable, indestructible. Such a
result is not a defeat, it is the highest victory
attainable iby humanity. I close this volume
therefore with a sense of elation — with that
intellectual salute that moral victories always
receive. And as I am a Yankee of the Yan-
• The Pleasant Ways of St. Medard. By Grace King.
New York: Henry Holt A Co.
Windy Mcpherson's Son. By Sherwood Anderson. New
York: John Lane Co.
Waterheads. By Archibald Marshall. New York: Dodd,
Mead A Co.
kees, I am grateful to the author for a bril-
liant demonstration of Browning's line,—
Leave the fire ashes, what survives is gold.
The journey into a far country, with which
the book begins, is rather remarkable for its
dispassionate calm. It describes how the
proud family moved in a horse-car through
streets crowded with shabby Confederates and
smart Federal soldiers, free and independent
negroes impeding pedestrians on the pave-
ment, to a suburb where decayed gentility
must somehow contrive to exist without a
grimace. The complete absence of harsh
emphasis will make this Hegira all the more
impressive to discriminating readers. Then
as we advance into the succeeding chapters,
new characters appear, at first vaguely, then
sharpening in outline, until we feel intimacy.
Perhaps I shall remember Tommy Cook the
longest. For the last few chapters, describ-
ing the fight with fever, and the interview
between Tommy and his sick master show
something rare in American literature —
intense feeling controlled by perfect art.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace.
If a word of advice to readers be not imper-
tinent, let me suggest that this book be read
slowly, a chapter at a time. It is a work to
be savored, and cannot be enjoyed if devoured.
"Windy McPherson's Son," with the hor-
rible tautology of sound in the title, differs
from "The Pleasant Ways of St. Medard" as
a frontiersman differs from a Southern gentle-
man. This novel has a certain raw vitality
lacking in Miss King's pages; but its crudity
jars. One longs for less matter, with more
art. Not a single person in this book seems
real to me, and the reason is just the opposite
from the common one. Most characters in
works of fiction are unreal because their out-
lines are faint, vague, confused; the author
has never realized them himself. Here each
person is stressed with such force, the color
laid on with such daubing profusion, that
each man and woman is to me a caricature.
They represent the reductio ad absurdum of
certain traits and tendencies. Nor is there
any architectural skill displayed. Like so
many "life" novels of the twentieth century,
there is a plentiful supply of incidents with-
out any plot. The hero is a little newsboy
when we see him first, and well on in years,
with a recrudescent paunch, when we see him
last — the story progresses in time, but not
in art. The last third of the book is picar-
esque. The hero takes to the road, and passes
through a series of indiscriminate adventures,
which might have taken twenty, or twenty
thousand pages, instead of the hundred arbi-


1916]
197
THE DIAL
trarily allotted by the author. Yet although
I cannot admire this book as an achievement,
I think its failure contains the seeds of suc-
cess. It is/more promising than many novels
which surpass it in dignity. The conglomer-
ation of incident and the exaggeration of
human characteristics display an abundant
vitality and a high aim. The author has done
his level best to write the great American
novel, to represent unsparingly what he
believes to be the truth. Some day his decided
natural gifts will ripen; he will not only see
things in their proportion, he will be able to
draw them according to scale; and he will
read many pages of this work with a smile.
Archibald Marshall is as reliable as the
weather in San Diego, and fully as agreeable.
It is difficult to analyse the extraordinary
charm of his stories, for they are simpler than
simplicity. He takes us to a pleasant coun-
try-house, introduces us to a charming family,
where each member has a distinct individu-
ality, and the novel moves along like beautiful
voices with orchestral accompaniment — each
individual in turn singing an air, while the
fortunes of the whole family supply a basal
interest. Mr. Marshall never disappoints us,
for we know exactly what to expect in his
work. I have read all his novels, and have
never finished one without wishing it were
longer, without wishing that we could follow
his people farther. To read his books is
exactly like entering into intimate relations
with people whom we should like to know in
real life — not at all because of their social
position, but because of their real worth.
His good characters are fundamentally good.
They are seldom brilliant, seldom social
reformers. They are more altruistic than
philanthropic. They possess the fine old vir-
tues of purity, wholesomeness, generosity,
loving kindness, honesty, loyalty, considera-
tion; such people are always lovable in real
life, and they are lovable in "Watermeads."
And his villains are hardly villains at all.
His heroes are not saviours of society, they
are simply a daily blessing to all who know
them; and his villains commit no crimes, and
never smack of melodrama. They are incon-
siderate, stupid, tactless — in real life we
cannot endure them, and they here receive the
inevitable punishment of unpopularity. Mr.
Marshall gives us on every page the delight
of recognition — these characters are so per-
fectly drawn that we have the illusion of liv-
ing with them. He particularly excels in the
portrayal of young girls — healthy, affection-
ate young girls who enjoy out-door sport, and
who are full of the kindlier virtues that assure
happy family life. Furthermore the setting
of these novels is exceedingly beautiful. Mr.
Marshall loves the English country in sum-
mer and winter. No one has given better
pictures of the country-side in rain and sun-
shine, in cold and heat; and to sit down with
the whole family in Watermeads to afternoon
tea, in a fine old wainscoted hall, with the late
autumn sunshine streaming through the tall
windows, is simply to share in the pure do-
mestic happiness of the scene. If there are
any readers who do not like Mr. Marshall's
novels, I am sorry for them.
Yet these stories are not merely entertain-
ing. Beneath the current of trivial incident
and light conversation we find an idea that
exerts in the reader's mind, almost uncon-
sciously, a moral force. This idea has been
illustrated in such a variety of ways in his
books that I believe it to be the foundation
of the author's moral philosophy. It is simply
this,—different individuals, different social
classes, different nationalities dislike and dis-
trust each other simply through ignorance.
He would not say with the French, to under-
stand is to forgive, he would say, to under-
stand is to respect, to admire, to love. The
inefficient aristocrat and the self-made mil-
lionaire despise each other, the high church-
man and the "Wesleyan distrust each other's
motives until they are really brought together
by circumstances into an enforced intimacy;
with the surprising and agreeable result —
"Why, he's an entirely different fellow from
what I thought he was!" What individuals
and nations need is more intelligence, more
imagination — then sympathy will follow as
a matter of course. Could the English nation
and the German nation meet as individuals
the English would discover that the Germans
are not brutish beasts, and the Germans would
find that the English are not hypocrites. All
of Mr. Marshall's novels in their quiet, artistic
beauty are really an attack on that citadel of
stupidity—Prejudice.
William Lton Phelps.
Notes on New Fiction.
Sylvia Lynd has written rather an extraordinary
first novel in "The Chorus" (Dutton), extraordi-
nary because of the high quality of her character-
izations. The story deals with a group of artists,
craftsmen and dilettanti who have gathered about
Anthony Hamel in his country studio. One of
his apprentices, Hilda Concannon, has stumbled
upon a sixteen-year-old waif in a Bloomsbury pen-
sion, and partly because she is fascinated by the
girl's rare beauty and partly because her Scotch
sense of duty impels her to take a hand in dis-


198
THE DIAL me]
ciplining another's life, she brings Nelly, her pro-
tegee, down to the country. Against a skilfully
drawn background of studio and country-house
life Nelly takes her place as the heroine of an
idyllic romance. It is easy to understand the mag-
ical fascination which she exerts upon those who
meet her, just as it is entirely comprehensible that
Hamel, verging upon the seared emotions of the
forties, should experience a flare of adolescent
infatuation. In dealing with the subtler emotions
Miss Lynd has a delicacy and firmness of touch
which are often lacking in more experienced
writers. It is this quality which makes the book
entirely worth while for the sophisticated reader
who enjoys playing with two-edged tools. The
novel is marred in the end by the author's whim-
sical indifference to all demands of plot. She
merely abandons her characters, scattering them
with the petulance of a child weary of its toys,
granting but one glimpse, and that too bizarre to
be considered seriously, of Nelly and her ultimate
fate.
It would be interesting might one know just why
Miss A. H. Fitch wrote "The Breath of the
Dragon" (Putnam). Was she possessed with the
desire to qualify as the author of a "best seller"
or did she believe that two years' residence in the
American Legation at Peking had given her an
insight into Chinese psychology? We cannot but
suspect it was the former impulse which inspired
this "thriller," which concerns itself with the res-
cue of a young revolutionist condemned to death.
There is no lack of villainy, no lack of suspense,
no lack of hair-breadth escapes for the hero, his
lovely Manchu fiancee, and his American friend,
whose ability to slip in and out of Chinese disguise
will amaze anyone who really knows China. The
story is a harmless — and commonplace — bit of
melodrama with all the old tricks set out in a new
but none-too-truthfully portrayed scene. It is to
be regretted that in a land so fertile with material
for subtle adventure, the author has been content
to write only a lurid "penny dreadful."
There is a certain serenity, borne of an indom-
itable spirit, to be found in the sketches of English
life during the war, which make up Alfred Olli-
vant's little volume "The Brown Mare" (Knopf).
Their chief interest lies in the fact that they are
as simple and unassuming as personal letters would
be during such a period. They are no more than
wisps of life, little impressions gleaned at dinner,
down Piccadilly, at the theatre, in the Park; anec-
dotes of men home on leave, men in hospital, and
the others who will not go back to the trenches.
So much has been written of the war that is hectic
m its attempt to give the secure reader an impres-
sion of vast frightfulness, that we are inclined to
overlook the fact that even war after a time
becomes monotonous and drab, just as does the life
far behind the lines at home. These are pictures of
home, and they have that quality of homely ten-
derness, fortitude, and patience which endears the
British race. Those who have known and loved
England in happier days will find in these pages
something precious and intimate and friendly.
Notes and News.
The publisher of The Dial announces that
owing to the pressure of his duties at Washington
University, Dr. C. J. Masseck has resigned his
editorship of The Dial. It is further announced
that on January 1, 1917, the subscription price of
The Dial will be increased to $3.00 the year. This
increase in the subscription rate has been made
necessary by the advanced cost of paper. The
size of the regular issue will be increased from
32 pages to 40 pages, and the best critical
writers in this country and England will be fre-
quent contributors. Further particulars regarding
the future plans of The Dial may be found on
page 236 among the advertisements.
Messrs. Stewart & Kidd Co. announce "Tales
from the Old World and the New," by Sophie M.
Collmann, author of "Art Talks with Young
Folks." B
The Penn Publishing Co. announce "Richard
Richard," by Hughes Mearns, and "Cap'n Gid,"
by Elizabeth Lincoln Gould. Mr. Mearns is a
teacher in the Philadelphia public schools; Miss
Gould is remembered as one of the editors of "The
Youth's Companion."
"Witte Arrives," by Elias Tobenkin, is an-
nounced as one of Freedrick A. Stokes Co.'s
most notable fall books. Mr. Tobenkin is a young
journalist first known for editorial work on "The
Chicago Tribune" and now writing on economic
subjects for the "Metropolitan."
Mr. Robert H. Dodd of New York has arranged
to publish the third and enlarged edition of Ben-
jamin F. Thompson's "History of Long Island."
Mr. Charles Werner has written an introduction
and a short biography of the author, and the book
will be published under his editorship. It will be
issued in two volumes, and will contain, in addi-
tion to the original illustrations, some reproduc-
tions of rare prints and engravings from Mr.
Werner's collection. The first edition was pub-
lished in 1839, and the second edition appeared in
An important book published September 16 by
Houghton Mifflin Co. is the "Variorum Edition
of Shakespeare's Sonnets," edited by Raymond
McDonald Alden. The text of the quarto of 1609
is printed verbatim et literatim, and each sonnet
is followed by the variant readings of the most
authoritative editions and by interpretative notes
from the leading commentators. Other books
which appeared on the same date are: "The Motor-
ists Almanac," by W. L. Stoddard; "Letters from
France translated by H. M. C; "The Story of
Scotch, by Enos A. Mills; "Speaking of Home"
a collection of essays, by Lillian Hart Tryon- a
new and revised edition of Edward Stanwood's
History of the Presidency"; "Prints and their
Makers, by FitzRoy Carrington; a new and sep-
arate edition of William Dean Howells's "Buying
a Horse," a paper which heretofore has been acces-
sible only in a collection now out of print; an
edition in limp leather of Candace Wheeler's
"Content in a Garden."


THE DIAL
3 jfortntsWlp journal of lliterarp Criticism, Oiscussion, ano information.
Vol. LXI
SEPTEMBER 21, 1916
No. 716
A TANTALUS IN THE BOOK-FLOOD.
It used to be related of a mythical Yankee
postmistress that when the postcard was
introduced she felt compelled to resign her
place because she could not find time to read
all the cards that passed through her hands.
Similarly, though with less of myth, more
than one librarian has deemed it best to vacate
a position in which the temptation to read
clashes with the call of duty. This conflict
has notably increased with the swelling of the
yearly book-flood, a torrent in which the lit-
erature-loving librarian and the intellectually
alert bookseller find themselves subjected to
torments not unlike those inflicted upon
Tantalus. But the victim of Jove's wrath
could by no effort slake his thirst in the
slightest degree, whereas this modern Tanta-
lus can drink long draughts if he is willing
to pay the penalty. The librarian who reads
(to the neglect of duty) is lost, or, rather,
his position is in danger of being lost, as all
the world knows; and the bookseller whose
nose is buried in a book instead of being
uplifted to sniff the trade-winds is likely to
lose his business.
Consequently it can no longer be uncondi-
tionally affirmed, as we find it affirmed by the
worthy Jared Bean (whom we are perhaps
unduly fond of quoting), that "there is none
so Felicitous as the Librarian, and none with
so small a Cause of Ill-Content, Jealousy or
Rancour." In these modern times of stren-
uous library activity, of increasing effort to
make every volume on the shelves circulate
with maximum briskness, how can there be
perfect content where the hungry one is
daily doomed to witness the delights of feast-
ing in which he has small part? Let us for
a brief space imagine the esurient sensations
of him who presides at the literary banquet-
board now bounteously spread for us, but
must himself leave its successive courses all
but untouched. His is the trying part of
commending, as Elia has put it, "the flavour
of his venison upon the absurd strength of
his never touching it himself." But the
metaphor, or simile, is here becoming sadly
mixed, and instead of a Tantalus we now
have a Rabbi Ben Ezra, whose lot it is to
"provide and not partake." No great harm
is done, however; so we will push on.
Fiction, appealing to the largest class of
readers, holds the most prominent place in
the publishers' announcements, and among
the "new and forthcoming" novels Mr.
Howells's completed serial, "The Leatherwood
God," must for obvious reasons take no sub-
ordinate position. Another shorter serial
from the pages of the same magazine, and not
inferior in power to hold the attention, is
"The Dark Tower," ascribed to Phyllis
Bottome. The late F. Hopkinson Smith's
posthumous romance, "Enoch Crane," com-
pleted by his son on the plan sketched in
sufficient detail by the author, is sure of a
wide reading. Among other notable contrib-
utors to current fiction occur the familiar
names: Hewlett, Dreiser, Bennett, Locke,
Snaith, Parker, London, Masefield, McCutch-
eon, George Moore, Lucas Malet, Elinor
Glyn, Mrs. Barr, and Mr. and Mrs. Castle.
It may be of interest, and perhaps reassur-
ing, to add that Mr. Dreiser, whose book,
"The Genius," has recently been raised to
unanticipated celebrity by the Society for the
Prevention of Vice, has been adjudged not
guilty by the Authors' League of America,
a society of which, be it noted, he is not now
and never has been a member. On the whole,
it is very evident that there is no lack of
diversion offered in the form of romance to
relieve the strain of the anxious and troubled
times in which we live. The novel more than
holds its own against the war-book as a pop-
ular favorite.
This war-book class, whatever its qualities
as literature, is this year superior in quantity
even to last year's similar product. Without
question the world has never before seen so
prodigal a shedding of ink accompanying so
frenzied a flow of blood. A whole library
building has been devoted in one country,
supremely militarist in its policy and tradi-
tions, to the preservation of books and docu-


214
[September 21
THE DIAL
ments on the war. Whatever their permanent
interest and worth, readers will not be lacking
for such present-day claimants upon public
attention as “My Second Year of the Great
War,” by Mr. Frederick Palmer; “The Dublin
Insurrection,” by Mr. James Stephens;
“Gallipoli,” by Mr. Masefield; “Priests on
the Firing Line,” by M. René Gaëll, and “A
French Mother in War Time,” by Madame
Edouard Drumont. Of similar though more
serious interest are “The War and the Soul,”
by the Rev. R. J. Campbell; “The Christian
Ethic of War” (a seeming contradiction in
terms), by Dr. P. T. Forsyth; “The Hope of
the Great Community,” by the late Professor
Royce; and “To-morrow,” by Professor
Münsterberg.
Turning for relief to something more like
pure literature, if there be any such thing,
one notes with anticipations of enjoyment
Professor William Lyon Phelps's book on
“The Advance of the English Novel,” Dr.
Crothers's collection of essays, “The Pleasures
of an Absentee Landlord,” Mr. Galsworthy’s
offering of “A Sheaf of Wild Oats,” Mr. Ford
Madox Hueffer’s “Henry James: A Critical
Study,” Mr. Ernest Boyd’s “Ireland's
Literary Renaissance,” Professor Richard
Burton’s “Bernard Shaw: The Man and the
Mask,” and other equally attractive produc-
tions of scholarship and taste.
Poetry and drama offer something of worth
to the few and select readers of such litera-
ture — few in a comparative sense, of course,
and increasing encouragingly every year. A
collection of the late John Hay's poems,
including many pieces never before put
between covers, must take a leading place in
any enumeration of current publications in
verse. Younger versifiers this year promi-
nently mentioned are represented in the pub-
lishers’ lists by such names as Noyes,
Masefield, Yeats, Masters, Rabindranath
Tagore, Hagedorn, Amy Lowell, and many
more. The “Modern Drama Series” contains
much good reading of its kind, and separate
works from our industrious young play-
wrights are to be had in plenty — an abun-
dance strongly in contrast with the scarcity
of only a few years ago, before the printed
play had fairly begun to vie with the acted
play as a source of entertainment.
In history occur such scholarly works as
“Ireland under the Stuarts and during the
Interregnum,” by Mr. Richard Bagwell—this
magnum opus is now in its third volume;
“Christianity and Nationalism in the Later
Roman Empire,” by Mr. E. L. Woodward; “A
Political and Social History of Modern
Europe,” by Mr. C. J. H. Hayes; a rather
formidable work on Mongolia, limited in its
edition but less limited in its price; a study
of Poland's social and economic history; an
economic and social history of Europe, by
Mr. Frederic Austin Ogg; and other like vol-
umes in sufficient number to prove that the
world is interested in something besides war
and romance.
Biography, which is history in another
form, offers books of note. Most attractive,
in a cursory survey of titles, is “The Life of
John Fiske,” by Mr. John Spencer Clarke,
a lifelong friend and associate of the histo-
rian. Fiske’s earlier work as librarian makes
him especially interesting to the profession,
though it plays but little part in his rich and
varied life as a whole. That so accomplished
a chronicler of other men's lives should have
waited so long to have his own life written in
full may not prove to be cause for regret
when that finished work at last appears. A
promising biography of Chief Justice
Marshall, on an equal scale, comes from the
pen of ex-Senator Beveridge. Lives of Booker
T. Washington, Sir John Henniker Heaton,
and “O. Henry” will not go begging for
buyers and readers. “My Remembrances,”
by Mr. E. H. Sothern, completes its serial
appearance and takes more permanent and
convenient form. That strongly marked char-
acter, already known to readers, Mr. Charles
A. Eastman, takes them still further into his
confidence in a volume entitled “From the
Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the
Autobiography of an Indian.” Richard
Watson Gilder’s letters form another of the
season's most inviting volumes.
Let us conclude with a few scattering titles
of varied character. Dr. Grenfell’s “Tales of
the Labrador” are true stories of toil and
hardship and perilous adventure in the far
North, picturing the life and occupations of
his people in the bleak latitudes of almost per-
petual snow and ice. A timely presentation
of “Caribbean Interests of the United
States” is from the careful pen of Mr. Chester
Lloyd Jones. “Mediation, Investigation, and
Arbitration in Industrial Disputes,” by Mr.
George E. Barnett and Mr. David A. McCall,
is such a work as was never more needed than
—-


1916] THE DIAL - 215
-
now. “The Clan of Munes,” which purports
to be “the true story of the wonderful new
tribe of fairies discovered by Frederick Judd
Waugh,” excites curiosity.
The person of long experience in handling
books and reading book-titles, such as is the
gray-haired librarian or the elderly book-
seller, can hardly fail to remark with concern
the somewhat alarming scarcity that is mak-
ing itself felt in the supply of new names
for the products of literary industry. This
season sees the repetition of several old titles,
as in Miss Amy Lowell’s “Men, Women and
Ghosts,” a book of poems not reminiscent of
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps in anything but
name. Admiral Fitzgerald gives us “From
Sail to Steam,” a book of naval recollections
similar in character to Captain Mahan's work
of precisely the same name. But Mrs. Barr's
“Profit and Loss” will not, it is safe to pre-
dict, be confounded with Mr. Alphonso A.
Hopkins's “Profit and Loss in Man.” Remi-
niscent touches of this sort in book-titles are
what the trained librarian, more particularly
if he be also a trained cataloguer, is qualified
to appreciate. Not exactly alien to this genus,
either, is the continuation of Professor Arne
Fisher's learned treatise on “The Mathemat-
ical Theory of Probabilities and its Applica-
tion to Frequency Curves and Statistical
Methods.” With this manual in hand the
librarian ought to grapple successfully with
questions of library statistics and the fre-
quency of book-losses and other periodic
occurrences within his domain. Again, if he
(or more probably she) be a children's libra-
rian, interest will be awakened by the
announcement of the forthcoming “Bunny-
fluffkins,” and “Twinkletoes and Nibblenuts,”
and the “Tin Owl Stories.”
But our space is filled, the printer's devil
waits at the door, and still a quantity of good
things in store for readers must remain
unmentioned. Other departments of litera-
ture here passed over in silence all have
their new books of worth and some of con-
spicuous merit. But a good book is its own
best advertiser, and its failure to receive
prominent mention in any preliminary and
partial survey will work it no lasting injury.
The reviewer, like the librarian and the book-
seller, is tantalized by the wealth before him,
and must forego the pleasure even of calling
others' attention to much that he himself may
never hope to enjoy. Percy F. Bicknell.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
An account of The second and concluding vol-
our national ume of Mr. W. B. Bryan’s “His-
*** tory of the National Capital”
(Macmillan) carries the account through the
period 1815-18, or until the adoption of the
existing organic act for the government of
the District of Columbia. To the wider pub-
lic it is a period less interesting than the
period of foundation, or than the most recent
period of enlightened return to the concep-
tions of the founders; for it is a period of
relative pettiness, neglect, and enforced self-
dependence. The apathy of Congress to the
national responsibility for the capital, and
the efforts of citizens toward improvement,
through various forms of local government,
fill a large part of the volume. National
movements, such as abolition, temperance, or
enfranchisement, find also local exemplifica-
tions, though not of extraordinary signifi-
cance. The minutiae of development in taxa-
tion, education, public improvements, and so
on, are for the most part faithfully chron-
icled, although occasionally there are sur-
prising omissions. The same discursiveness
and lack of larger organization which marked
the previous volume are apparent in this one,
which nevertheless forms a rich collection of
information for students of particular ques-
tions as well as for those specially interested
in the city of Washington.
There can be no question that
Professor Hollingworth writes
upon a timely theme in his
“Vocational Psychology” (Appleton). It is
also a theme open to a variety of pretenders,
who advertise their ability to determine what
you are fit for and to improve the quality of
your capacities. The topic is raised to a high
practical interest by the fact that men must
seek and find employment, and the determi-
nation of fitness has a market value. Profes-
sor Hollingworth reviews the ambitious
attempts in past and present to short-cut
the road to information and find the land-
marks of human capacities. He shows how
inevitably the problem was reshaped by the
laboratory methods of modern psychology.
The testing of mental ability has become an
art, though one imperfectly established. If
modestly applied, it at the least discovers the
incompetent and submits criteria for more
rigid selection. When compared with the
tests of schools and with the impressionistic
methods of the employer, it demonstrates its
superiority. Professor Hollingworth's book
The psychology
of vocations.


214 THE DIAL
[September 21
ments on the war. Whatever their permanent
interest and worth, readers will not be lacking
for such present-day claimants upon public
attention as “My Second Year of the Great
War,” by Mr. Frederick Palmer; “The Dublin
Insurrection,” by Mr. James Stephens;
“Gallipoli,” by Mr. Masefield; “Priests on
the Firing Line,” by M. René Gaëll, and “A
French Mother in War Time,” by Madame
Edouard Drumont. Of similar though more
serious interest are “The War and the Soul,”
by the Rev. R. J. Campbell; “The Christian
Ethic of War” (a seeming contradiction in
terms), by Dr. P. T. Forsyth; “The Hope of
the Great Community,” by the late Professor
Royce; and “To-morrow,” by Professor
Münsterberg.
Turning for relief to something more like
pure literature, if there be any such thing,
one notes with anticipations of enjoyment
Professor William Lyon Phelps's book on
“The Advance of the English Novel,” Dr.
Crothers's collection of essays, “The Pleasures
of an Absentee Landlord,” Mr. Galsworthy’s
offering of “A Sheaf of Wild Oats,” Mr. Ford
Madox Hueffer's “Henry James: A Critical
Study,” Mr. Ernest Boyd’s “Ireland's
Literary Renaissance,” Professor Richard
Burton’s “Bernard Shaw: The Man and the
Mask,” and other equally attractive produc-
tions of scholarship and taste.
Poetry and drama offer something of worth
to the few and select readers of such litera-
ture — few in a comparative sense, of course,
and increasing encouragingly every year. A
collection of the late John Hay's poems,
including many pieces never before put
between covers, must take a leading place in
any enumeration of current publications in
verse. Younger versifiers this year promi-
nently mentioned are represented in the pub-
lishers’ lists by such names as Noyes,
Masefield, Yeats, Masters, Rabindranath
Tagore, Hagedorn, Amy Lowell, and many
more. The “Modern Drama Series” contains
much good reading of its kind, and separate
works from our industrious young play-
wrights are to be had in plenty — an abun-
dance strongly in contrast with the scarcity
of only a few years ago, before the printed
play had fairly begun to vie with the acted
play as a source of entertainment.
In history occur such scholarly works as
“Ireland under the Stuarts and during the
Interregnum,” by Mr. Richard Bagwell—this
magnum opus is now in its third volume;
“Christianity and Nationalism in the Later
Roman Empire,” by Mr. E. L. Woodward; “A
Political and Social History of Modern
Europe,” by Mr. C. J. H. Hayes; a rather
formidable work on Mongolia, limited in its
edition but less limited in its price; a study
of Poland's social and economic history; an
economic and social history of Europe, by
Mr. Frederic Austin Ogg; and other like vol-
umes in sufficient number to prove that the
world is interested in something besides war
and romance.
Biography, which is history in another
form, offers books of note. Most attractive,
in a cursory survey of titles, is “The Life of
John Fiske,” by Mr. John Spencer Clarke,
a lifelong friend and associate of the histo-
rian. Fiske's earlier work as librarian makes
him especially interesting to the profession,
though it plays but little part in his rich and
varied life as a whole. That so accomplished
a chronicler of other men's lives should have
waited so long to have his own life written in
full may not prove to be cause for regret
when that finished work at last appears. A
promising biography of Chief Justice
Marshall, on an equal scale, comes from the
pen of ex-Senator Beveridge. Lives of Booker
T. Washington, Sir John Henniker Heaton,
and “O. Henry” will not go begging for
buyers and readers. “My Remembrances,”
by Mr. E. H. Sothern, completes its serial
appearance and takes more permanent and
convenient form. That strongly marked char-
acter, already known to readers, Mr. Charles
A. Eastman, takes them still further into his
confidence in a volume entitled “From the
Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the
Autobiography of an Indian.” Richard
Watson Gilder’s letters form another of the
season's most inviting volumes.
Let us conclude with a few scattering titles
of varied character. Dr. Grenfell’s “Tales of
the Labrador” are true stories of toil and
hardship and perilous adventure in the far
North, picturing the life and occupations of
his people in the bleak latitudes of almost per-
petual snow and ice. A timely presentation
of “Caribbean Interests of the United
States” is from the careful pen of Mr. Chester
Lloyd Jones. “Mediation, Investigation, and
Arbitration in Industrial Disputes,” by Mr.
George E. Barnett and Mr. David A. McCall,
is such a work as was never more needed than


1916]
215
THE DIAL
now. “The Clan of Munes,” which purports
to be “the true story of the wonderful new
tribe of fairies discovered by Frederick Judd
Waugh,” excites curiosity.
The person of long experience in handling
books and reading book-titles, such as is the
gray-haired librarian or the elderly book-
seller, can hardly fail to remark with concern
the somewhat alarming scarcity that is mak-
ing itself felt in the supply of new names
for the products of literary industry. This
season sees the repetition of several old titles,
as in Miss Amy Lowell’s “Men, Women and
Ghosts,” a book of poems not reminiscent of
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps in anything but
name. Admiral Fitzgerald gives us “From
Sail to Steam,” a book of naval recollections
similar in character to Captain Mahan's work
of precisely the same name. But Mrs. Barr's
“Profit and Loss” will not, it is safe to pre-
dict, be confounded with Mr. Alphonso A.
Hopkins's “Profit and Loss in Man.” Remi-
niscent touches of this sort in book-titles are
what the trained librarian, more particularly
if he be also a trained cataloguer, is qualified
to appreciate. Not exactly alien to this genus,
either, is the continuation of Professor Arne
Fisher's learned treatise on “The Mathemat-
ical Theory of Probabilities and its Applica-
tion to Frequency Curves and Statistical
Methods.” With this manual in hand the
librarian ought to grapple successfully with
questions of library statistics and the fre-
quency of book-losses and other periodic
occurrences within his domain. Again, if he
(or more probably she) be a children's libra-
rian, interest will be awakened by the
announcement of the forthcoming “Bunny-
fluffkins,” and “Twinkletoes and Nibblenuts,”
and the “Tin Owl Stories.”
But our space is filled, the printer's devil
waits at the door, and still a quantity of good
things in store for readers must remain
unmentioned. Other departments of litera-
ture here passed over in silence all have
their new books of worth and some of con-
spicuous merit. But a good book is its own
best advertiser, and its failure to receive
prominent mention in any preliminary and
partial survey will work it no lasting injury.
The reviewer, like the librarian and the book-
seller, is tantalized by the wealth before him,
and must forego the pleasure even of calling
others' attention to much that he himself may
never hope to enjoy. Percy F. Bicknell.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
An account of The second and concluding vol-
our national ume of Mr. W. B. Bryan’s “His-
*** tory of the National Capital”
(Macmillan) carries the account through the
period 1815-18, or until the adoption of the
existing organic act for the government of
the District of Columbia. To the wider pub-
lic it is a period less interesting than the
period of foundation, or than the most recent
period of enlightened return to the concep-
tions of the founders; for it is a period of
relative pettiness, neglect, and enforced self-
dependence. The apathy of Congress to the
national responsibility for the capital, and
the efforts of citizens toward improvement,
through various forms of local government,
fill a large part of the volume. National
movements, such as abolition, temperance, or
enfranchisement, find also local exemplifica-
tions, though not of extraordinary signifi-
cance. The minutiae of development in taxa-
tion, education, public improvements, and so
on, are for the most part faithfully chron-
icled, although occasionally there are sur-
prising omissions. The same discursiveness
and lack of larger organization which marked
the previous volume are apparent in this one,
which nevertheless forms a rich collection of
information for students of particular ques-
tions as well as for those specially interested
in the city of Washington.
There can be no question that
Professor Hollingworth writes
upon a timely theme in his
“Vocational Psychology” (Appleton). It is
also a theme open to a variety of pretenders,
who advertise their ability to determine what
you are fit for and to improve the quality of
your capacities. The topic is raised to a high
practical interest by the fact that men must
seek and find employment, and the determi-
nation of fitness has a market value. Profes-
sor Hollingworth reviews the ambitious
attempts in past and present to short-cut
the road to information and find the land-
marks of human capacities. He shows how
inevitably the problem was reshaped by the
laboratory methods of modern psychology.
The testing of mental ability has become an
art, though one imperfectly established. If
modestly applied, it at the least discovers the
incompetent and submits criteria for more
rigid selection. When compared with the
tests of schools and with the impressionistic
methods of the employer, it demonstrates its
superiority. Professor Hollingworth's book
The psychology
of vocations.


216 THE DIAL
[September 21
is in substance the first to set forth the scien-
tific basis of vocational fitness; if it fails to
go as far as one could wish, it lays the foun-
dations solidly and shows how cautiously one
must proceed. It is at once a review of meth-
ods and results and a guide to the study of
aptitudes. One of the topics most fully and
ably considered is the discussion of what
traits go together; and another is the study
of judgments of ability and their value. A
chapter contributed by Mrs. Hollingworth
makes a study of the aptitudes of men and
women. The negative findings of tests are
emphasized, and from them is drawn a con-
clusion as to comparability of quality which
may arouse question,-the question whether
the qualities tested in any manner exhaust
the significant points of difference or merely
play about the edges. At all events the book
may be recommended to those who are per-
sonally or professionally, interested in the
study of the qualities which the world uses
and selects in its complicated business.
Mr. James Phinney Munroe is
New England known as a thoughtful essayist
essºrs. and public-spirited citizen, with
wide interests wisely pursued. His recent
volume takes its title from the opening essay,
“The New England Conscience” (Badger),
and discourses discerningly upon that curi-
ous product. In his view, “those whom it
new tortures with its hot pincers of doubt
and self-reproach are sacrificed to a cause
long since won.” For in these days, alike
democratic and cosmopolitan, “the narrow
has became the broad road with a demi-tasse
substituted for a pie.” The typical examples
by which he adds unity to the volume range
over a wonsiderable diversity of interesting
subjects. “Samuel Adams, the New England
townourat,” “Josiah Quincy, the New Eng-
land. A steerat,” “The Town of Lexington,”
“ the loestruction of the Ursuline Convent at
whalestown,” this latter an amazing tale of
º, natus prejudice and mob law in 1834; in
whº hthe dºwntatis personna are a tactless
mºther superior, an ignorant girl who spread
uwatº ous stories of abuse, and a group of
yºung ladies undergoing training in the
a unplushuents of needlework, painting,
dau, º, and the use of the globes; while the
in luding essays are devoted to Theodore
1:... . . . The Heart of the United States”
, the mulle west), Lincoln, “The Eternal
l, ºwn,” and Madame de Maintenon. The
utiºn, wries of essays is sustained upon a
l, h \,\! of critical analysis and timely com-
tº ut, whº hºsive the volume substantial value
alow, with readability and charm.
The modern doctor's dissertation
has in many cases taken unto
itself the form and comeliness as
well as the portliness of the comfortable
octavo, so that in outward appearance it
differs not from other books. But usually
the contents are the same in kind and degree,
if not in quantity, as those of the more modest
unbound pamphlets of the author’s own pub-
lication. So Dr. Charles E. Whitmore’s “The
Supernatural in Tragedy” comes out, with
the imprimatur of the Harvard University
Press, as a respectable volume of 370 pages,
including an index. It takes all tragedy for
its material, that is, all the tragedy of
“Greece, Italy, France, and England in both
ancient and modern times,” and shows how
the supernatural appears in this portentous
body of literature. Such a task involves the
outlining of many plots, than which nothing
is more painful reading, and in the work
before us it is accomplished without the
slightest charm of style. The various forms
of the supernatural are considered, such as
Fate, devils and angels, witches and ghosts,
and certain manifestations of nature with
supernatural suggestions such as storms and
the sea, and these are treated as intrinsic, that
is, with influence upon character, and as dec-
orative, that is, for purely passing effect. A
marked series of stages is seen in Greek
tragedy, from the surpassing skill of Æschy-
lus through the subordination of the super-
natural in Sophocles into the declining and
conventionalized treatment of Euripides.
The mediaeval sacred drama is treated at
great length, disproportionately so, consider-
ing the relative dramatic and aesthetic value
of the supernatural in this drama. The whole
period of Elizabethan drama is given only
about twenty pages more. One might ques-
tion, too, whether more is not made of the
supernatural in “Julius Caesar” in regarding
the ghost as the dominant agent in the down-
fall of the conspirators, as if Caesar's spirit
were to be considered in the same light as the
ghost in “Hamlet.” “Some modern aspects”
of the supernatural are taken up in the
periods of the Restoration and the eighteenth
century, and in the modern revival in Eng-
land and the works of Ibsen, D’Annunzio, and
Maeterlinck. The Greek spelling, as “Klytai-
mestra,” “Aischylos,” etc., provides the
needed pedantic touch.
The supernatural
in tragedy.
“On the Campus” (Torch
º: to Press), by President Thomas H.
audiences. Macbride of the State Univer-
sity of Iowa, is not a book descriptive of
college life, but a collection of addresses


1916]
217
THE DIAL
delivered at various times and places in the
last fifteen years before university and col-
lege audiences. These addresses, fourteen in
number, treat of educational questions and
topics in natural science, six of them having
to do with plant life, if we include in the six
an admirable literary-botanical dissertation
on “The Botany of Shakespeare” and one on
“The Folk-lore of Plants.” Literary allu-
sions are not lacking in other parts of the
book, and occasional apt quotations from the
poets give charm and variety to the discourse.
In the very first of these quotations it is some-
thing of a shock, one must confess, to find a
familiar couplet from Shelley’s “Skylark”
strangely misquoted, which the author’s revi-
sion of his lectures for publication would not
have led us to expect. Significant is the fol-
lowing from this experienced educator:
“There is very little that education, however
fortunate, is competent to do for any man. . .
No system of training ever devised can make
a man wise; no system save that of Nature
herself, and Nature's system demands the
whole of a human life, and even then is, I
am sure, not always successful.” From “The
Gifts of Science” we select a few lines as
illustrative of the author's felicitous style:
“But by far the greatest part of the debt of
science to the world is paid in service. Apollo
must needs guide the flocks of Admetus.
‘Whoever will be greatest among you, let him
be your minister.' . . Everywhere science
serves: discovery passing into invention,
research resulting in appliance.”
“Deutschland und der Welt-
krieg,” a collection of essays by
a number of leaders of thought
in Germany, has been translated into Eng-
lish under the title of “Modern Germany in
Relation to the Great War” (Kennerley).
The book constitutes the most pro-German
argument that has yet been presented to the
American public. The nineteen authors of
these essays are, with two exceptions, univer-
sity professors. The two exceptions are state
functionaries; but as a university professor
in Germany is also a state functionary of
another kind, the whole book has inevitably
an official and governmental air about it. The
authors (among them such well-known men as
Delbrück, Schmoller, and Oncken speak ea:
cathedra, and the reader gains the impression
that it is thus and not otherwise that the Ger-
man government would have its people and
the world at large believe. This impression
is heightened by the rigidity and uniformity
Germans in
Germany’s
defense.
of the utterances: neither the justice nor the
expediency of any act of the German authori-
ties is called in question. There is nothing of
the frankness or intellectual suppleness which
characterize the writings of that brilliant
free-lance, Maximilian Harden, a collection of
whose editorials would be vastly more reveal-
ing than the outpourings of the whole mobil-
ized professionate. The essays appear to have
been written in the spring of 1915; much
water has flowed under our bridges since then.
The translator, Dr. William Wallace White-
lock, has performed his task acceptably, and
has also edited his material somewhat for the
better information and convenience of Ameri-
can readers.
Thirty-five years ago there began
to appear in “Punch” a series
of parliamentary reports in the
form of the diary of “Toby, M.P.,” the mem-
ber from Barkshire, who in private life was
“Mr. Punch's dog.” These reviews were
written by Henry Lucy, an obscure journal-
ist, who later rose to great fame in the Eng-
lish editorial world and finally was honored
with knighthood. The “diary” was a success
from the very first, and it was with real regret
that the readers of “Punch” learned last Feb-
ruary that Toby had applied for the steward-
ship of the Chiltern Hundreds. The genial
reporter could not, of course, include all his
observations in his newspaper contributions;
but many have been saved for us in his books,
especially in a series of three volumes devoted
chiefly to parliamentary men and manners,
of which the third, “Nearing Jordan” (Put-
nam), has recently appeared. This volume
is made up of anecdotes and sketches of public
men whom Sir Henry knew more or less inti-
mately, and covers approximately the last
two decades of the nineteenth century. While
the author has most to say about parliamen-
tary leaders and statesmen, he also has
included several interesting chapters on “cap-
tains of the Boer war,” prominent men of let-
ters, and the great leaders in English art. The
whole is done in the inimitable style of the
man who Balfour once said has “the secret of
making even the House of Commons amus-
ing.” But although Sir Henry has written a
most enjoyable book, and one that maintains
its interest to the last line, it contains very
little important information that is really
new, and as a contribution to recent English
history its value is very slight.
More of Sir
Henry Lucy's
ferrtºratscences.


21S THE
ISeptember 21
DIAL
ANNoUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOK-.
In accordance with the long-established
custom of THE DIAL, there is here presented
the annual classified list of books announced
for fall and winter publication. Exelusive
of the departments, “Sehool and College
Text-books,” “Books for the Young.” and
“Holiday Gift-Books.” which, as usual. have
been carried over to the next issue. this year's
list comprises approximately 1500 titles. from
sºme 60 publishers. The list has been eam-
pººl from data obtained directly from the
publishers, and is as nearly eomplete as eon-
intºons in the publishing business permit. On
was els will be found an article commenting
ºutron some of the more notable features of
lºw lºst. -
stography and REMINISCENCEs.
is and letters of Theodore Watts-Duntºn, by
*** linke and Arthur Compton Rickett, 2 vols.,
tº sº so, the Letters of Henry Brevoort to
wºunseen Irving, edited, with introduction, by
º's tellman, limited edition.” vols., $10,–
- º and Times of David Humphrey; by
-- **wuphreys, 2 vols., illus., $7.50-Remi-
-** * War-Time 8tatesman and Diplomat,
º, tº rederick w Beward, illus; 44.30-
-its ºf the seventeenth Century, by C. A.
sº-ºw popular edition, 2 vols., $3.50.-A
-- a ſºuritan, by Caroline A. Stickney
º º ºn "ſºae Mayer Wise, the
- Max B. May, $2.
ºverican Judaism, by -
- --- a happy Life, by Elizabeth
-** we a º, P. Putnam's Sons.)
--- ºbson, $1.25.
-** * My Remembrances,
* *le of "Mº,
- \º \", 48,50–Recollections Grave
- - opular edition,
- ** autton Harrison, pºpº º
º: or a soldier's Wife, by Mrs.
- * ular edition,
- w". Dewey, illus., popular
º - ** Helen, by Caroline Ticknor,
- - * and Ron, biographical recol-
º º ºwa Goºse, with º
º ** \harles Heribner's 80ns.)
- - su. John Henniker Heaton,
º * Mrs. Adrian Porter, illus.,
º º sº * \ lated and edited
-- - wd, translated an - y
º º - ºw lagleſield Hull, illus.,
- - -
º A. -
Nº. Nºneteenth Century, edited
- -
vºl. Abraham Lincoln by
ºw-lapiece, 41.75.-Bernard
- -
by Richard Burton,
-- º
- -
-- Tºº late, by Hir. C. Rivers
- º Nºlater, with portrait,
\' penrose Fitzgerald,
www.ea of the Right Hon.
ºustice of Ireland,
with portrait, $3.-
"ºld itoscoe, by Sir
ºw or Dr. Thomas
wellor of the Diocese
º naval recollections,
-
wº º º -"
- -- º
º -
- º º
- - - -
º º
-- º - -
- - ---
- -- theon, & Co.)
- - ºvullor Dostoevsky,
- \ º
- -
illus., 41.50–
Life of John Marshall. by Albert J. Beveridge, illus.
2 vols. $7.50.-Life of John Fiske, by John
- Clark. illus, 2 vols. $7.50.-Life ºf Clysses
8. Grant, by Louis A. Coolidge, illus. $2.-General
Botha, the eareer and the man. by Harald Spender.
$2.-Portraits of Women. by Gamaliel Braifari.
illus. $2.50.-The Penny Piper of Saranae, Robert
Louis Stevenson at the Lake, by Stehem. Chalmers.
with prefaee by Lori Guthrie, illus. 75 ets—
Charles the Twelfth, Sweden's King, by John A.
Gade, illus $2.50. Houghton Mifflin Co.,
The Romanee of Isabel, Lady Burton, by herself and
W. H. Wilkins, illus., $3.50.-Memories of the
Fatherland. by Anne Topham, illus. $3.−Famous
Painters of America, by J. Walker MeSpadden.
illus., $2.-Mahomet, founder of Islam, by G. M.
Drayeott, $3.−The Empress Eugénie and Her Son,
by Edward Legge, illus., $3.25–The Last Days of
Arehduke Rudolph, edited by Hamil Grant, illus.
3.—Fifty Years of a Londoner's Life, by H. G.
Hibbert, illus. $3.25.-Irishmen of Today, new
vols.: Sir Edward Carson, by St. John G. Ervine:
George Moore, by Susan Mitchell: "A. E." (George
W. Russell, by Darrell Figgis; per vol. $1. [Dodd,
Mead & Co.)
Ella Flagg Young and a half-century of the Chieago
publie sehools, by John T. McManis, illus. $l.25.
(A. C. MeClurg & Co.)
The Austrian Court from Within, by Prineess
Catherine Radziwill, illus in photogravure, $3.
—Cieero, a sketeh of his life and works, by Hannis
Taylor, illus., $3.50. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
A Country Chronicle, by Grant Showerman, illus.,
$1.50. (Century Co.)
The Making of an American, by Jaeob Riis, new edi-
tion, with a preface by Theodore Roosevelt, illus.,
$1.50.-David Livingstone, by C. Silvester Horne,
new edition, illus., $1.25. (Macmillan Co.)
The Wind of Destiny, an intimate picture of 0.
Henry, by Sara Lindsay Coleman, limited edition,
$10,–An O. Henry Biography, by C. Alphonso
Smith, in 2 vols., $2.50.-Booker T. Washington,
by Lyman Beecher Stowe and Emmett J. Scott,
illus., $2. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
From the Deep Woods to Civilization, chapters in the
autobiography of an Indian, by Charles A. East-
man, illus., $2.-A New England Childhood, by
Margaret Fuller, $1.50.-A Little Book of Friends,
by Harriet Prescott Spofford, $1.25.-Four French
Statesmen, by William Morton Fullerton, $1.25.
(Little, Brown & Co.)
Rubens, the story of his life and work, by Louis
Hourticq, illus., $2.-In Seven Lands, by Ernest
H. Vizetelly, illus., $4.—Dante, by C. H. Grand-
gent, $1.50. (Duffield & Co.) -
The Life and Times of Booker T. Washington, by
D. F. Riley, illus., $1.50.-Mrs. Percy W. Penny-
backer, an appreciation, by Helen Knox, illus., $1.
(Fleming H. Revell Co.)
Charles E. Hughes, the statesman, as shown in his
judicial opinions, by William L. Ransom, $1.50.-
Life and Letters of Dorothy Nevell, edited by her
son.—Sporting Reminiscences, by Dorothy Conyers.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Recollections of an Alienist, by Dr. Allan McLane
Hamilton, illus., $3.50.-My Table-Cloths, a few
reminiscences, by Mrs. Alec-Tweedie, F.R.G.C.,
illus., $3.50.-In Spite of the Handicap, by Rev.
James D. Corrothers, illus., $1.25. (George H.
Doran Co.)
The Fighting Man, an autobiography, by William A.
Brady, with portraits, $1.50.-Charlie Chaplin's
Own Story, illus., $1. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)


1916]
219
THE DIAL
Memoirs of M. Thiers, 1870-1873, trans. by F. M.
Atkinson, $2.50. (James Pott & Co.)
Russell H. Conwell, the man and his work, by Agnes
Rush Burr, $1. (John C. Winston Co.)
Leonardo da Vinci, by Sigmund Freud, authorized
trans. by A. A. Brill, $1.25. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Davis, soldier-missionary, by J. Merle Davis, illus.,
$1.50. (Pilgrim Press.)
Joseph Fels, his life-work, by Mary Fels, $1.
Huebsch.)
Strindberg, the man, by Gustaf Uddgren, with pref-
ace and notes by Axel J. Uppwall, $1.25. (Four
Seas Co.)
The Heart of Washington, by Wayne Whipple, with
portrait, 50 cts.; leather, $1.25. (George W.
Jacobs & Co.)
The Early Life of Robert Southey, by William Haller.
—St. Jean de Crévecoeur, by Julia Post Mitchell.—
The Book of the Popes, by Louise Ropes Loomis.
(Columbia University Press.)
Abraham Lincoln, by Brand Whitlock, illus. edition,
$1. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Andrew Johnson as Military Governor of Tennessee,
by Clifton R. Hall. (Princeton University Press.)
Works of William Oughtred, by Florian Cajori, $1.
(Open Court Publishing Co.)
HISTORY.
Russia, Mongolia, China, A. D. 1214-1676, by John
F. Baddeley, limited edition, with photogravure
illustrations, $55.-The History of South Africa,
by George McCall Theal, 8 vols.-The Early
History of Cuba, 1492-1586, by Irene A. Wright,
$2.-The Middle Group of American Historians,
by John Spencer Bassett, Ph.D., $1.50.-A History
of the Pacific Northwest, by Joseph Schaefer, Ph.D.
new edition, revised and rewritten, $1.50.-The
History of Colonization, by Henry C. Morris, new
edition, with preface and new chapter, 2 vols.-
The Pacific Ocean in History, edited by H. Morse
Stephens and Herbert E. Bolton.—The Founda-
tion and Growth of the British Empire, by J. H.
Morgan.—A Short History of the English People,
by John Robertson Green, with an epilogue by Mrs.
J. R. Green, continuing the history to the present
day. (Macmillan Co.)
The Successors of Drake, by Julian S. Corbett, LL.M.,
new and cheaper edition, illus., $3.50.-Ireland
under the Stuarts and during the Interregnum, by
Richard Bagwell, LL.D., Vol. III., 1660-1690, $5.-
Le Strange Records, by Hamon Le Strange, M.A.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Passing of a Great Race, by Madison Grant, with
foreword by Henry Fairfield Osborn, illus., $2.-
Original Narratives of Early American History,
new vol.: Early Narratives of the Northwest, by
Louise Phelps Kellogg, $3. net. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
Our Nation in the Building, by Helen Nicolay,
illus., $2.50.-The Golden Book of the Dutch
Navigators, by Hendrik Willem van Loon, illus.,
$2.50. (Century Co.)
National History of France, new vols.: The French
Revolution, by Louis Madelin; The Eighteenth
Century in France, by Casimir Stryienski; per
vol., $2.50.-American Debate, by Marion Mills
Miller, 2 vols., per vol., $2.-France, England, and
European Democracy, 1215-1917, by Charles Cestre,
$1.50.-Sweden and Denmark with Finland and
Iceland, by Jon Stefansson, illus., $1.50.-The
Fight for the Republic, an account of the signifi-
cant events in the War of Secession, by Rossiter
Johnson, illus., $1.75.-Aspects of Roman History,
by Thomas S. Jerome. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
(B. W.
The Civilization of the Ancient Egyptians, by A.
Bothwell Gosse, $2.-Great Nations’ Series, new
vols.: Scotland from the earliest times to the
present day, by R. L. Mackie; England from the
earliest times to the Great Charter, by Gilbert
Stone; each illus., per vol., $3.−The False Dmitri,
described by British eyewitnesses, 1604-1612,
edited, with preface, by Sonia E. Howe, illus.,
$2.-Nations’ Histories, new vols.: Germany, by
W. T. Waugh; Japan, by F. H. Davis; Poland,
by G. E. Slocumbe; per vol., $1.25. (Frederick
A. Stokes Co.)
The Philippines to the end of the military régime,
by Charles Burke Elliott, illus., $3.50.-Alsace-
Lorraine, a study in conquest, by David Starr
Jordan, $1. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
The Mother of California, an historical sketch of
lower California, by Arthur Walbridge North, illus.,
$2. (Paul Elder & Co.)
Light and Shade in Irish History, by Tara.-The
Private Correspondence of Lord Granville Leveson
Gower, 1781-1821, edited by Castalia, Countess
Granville, 2 vols. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Mississippi Valley in British Politics, by Clarence
W. Alvord, 2 vols., $10. (Arthur H. Clark Co.)
Modern Russian History, by Alexander Kornilov,
trans. from the Russian by Alexander S. Kaun,
2 vols., with maps, $5. (Alfred A. Knopf.)
The Balkan Wars, 1912-13, third edition, with intro-
duction on the Balkan situation, by Jacob Gould
Schurman. (Princeton University Press.)
The French Renascence, by Charles Sarolea, illus.,
$2. (James Pott & Co.)
Young India, an interpretation and a history of the
nationalist movement from within, by Lajpat Rai,
with portraits, $1.50. (B. W. Huebsch.)
The Book of Texas, by John A. Lomax and H. M.
Benedict. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Magna Carta, and Other Addresses, by William D.
Guthrie, $1.50.-The Purpose of History, by Fred-
erick J. E. Woodbridge, $1.-English Domestic
Relations, 1487-1653, by Chilton Latham Powell.—
The History of the Franks by Gregory Bishop
of Tours, by Ernest Brehaut. (Columbia Univer-
sity Press.)
Poland, its social and economic history, by A.
Zeleski and others, $3. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
An Outline History of China, by Herbert H. Gowen,
new revised edition, $1.75. (Sherman, French &
Co.)
The New Purchase, by Baynard Rush Hall, new edi-
tion, with introduction and notes by James A.
Woodburn.-Egyptian Records of Travel, Vol. II.,
by David Paton. (Princeton University Press.)
Some Cursory Remarks, made by James Birket in his
Voyage to North America, 1750-1751, $1. (Yale
University Press.)
The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815, by
Charles Downer Hazen, $2. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Intolerance in the Reign of Elizabeth, Queen of
England, by Arthur J. Klein, $2.-A Short History
of Poland, by Julia Swift Orvis, $1.50. (Houghton
Mifflin Co.)
British Colonial Policy, 1783-1915, by C. H. Currey.
(Oxford University Press.)
Slavery in Germanic Society, by Matilde Wergeland.
(University of Chicago Press.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of Richard Watson Gilder, edited by Rosa-
mond Gilder, illus., $3.50.-Henry David Thoreau,
a critical study, by Mark Van Doren, with photo-
gravure frontispiece, $1.25.-How to Read, by J.


220
THE DIAL [September 21
B. Kerfoot, $1.25–French Perspectives, by Eliza-
beth Shepley Sergeant, $1.25.-The New Reserva-
tion of Time, by William Jewett Tucker, $1.50.-
The Pleasures of an Absentee Landlord, by Samuel
McChord Crothers, $1.25.-Speaking of Home,
essays of a contented woman, by Lillian Hart .
Tryon, $1.-Saints' Legends, by Gordon Hall
Gerould, $1.50. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Cambridge History of American Literature,
edited by William P. Trent, John Erskine, Carl
van Doren, and S. P. Sherman, 2 vols., each $2.50.
—The Cambridge History of English Literature,
edited by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller, new
vols.: Vol. XII., The Nineteenth Century, I.; Vol.
XIII., The Nineteenth Century, II.; per vol., $2.50.
—Visions and Beliefs in the West of Ireland, by
Lady Gregory, with two essays and notes by W.
B. Yeats, 2 vols., $3. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Critical Studies on Contemporary Writers, new vols:
Henry James, by Ford Madox Hueffer; Fyodor
Dostoevsky, by J. Middleton Murry; Samuel
Butler, author of “Erewhon," the man and his
work, by J. F. Harris; each with portrait, per
vol., $9. Studies in Poetry, by Lafcadio Hearn,
$3,-The New York of the Novelists, by Arthur
Rartlett Maurice, illus., $2.-The Advance of the
English Novel, by William Lyon Phelps, $1.50-
The Tyranny of Shams, by Joseph McCabe, $1.50.
- Studies of Contemporary Poets, by Mary C.
Sturgeon, $1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
A Sheaf of Wild Oats, by John Galsworthy, $1.50.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Cloud and Silver, by E. W. Lucas, $1.25. (George
\l, l
an Co.)
literature in Ireland, by Thomas MacDonagh, $2.75.
Myths of Babylonia and Assyria, by Lewis
Speace, illus, in color, etc., $3.--Aspects of Eng-
lish Poetry, by Alfred Noyes, $1.50. (Frederick
A. Stokos ('o.)
Russian ºwlk Tales, as told by the peasants of Great
Wussia to helen Dmitriovna Polenov, with a note
on Russian folk tales by the translator, N. Peacock,
husted edition, illus, $12,50–Shakespeare and
ºvulewavy, by Edward Salman, 60 cts. (Robert
M. Mºrwie & Co.)
ºne week-a-ship of Shakespeare, by Sir Arthur
evouch, sº-Mad Shepherds and Other
wº-sues, ºn the Human End, Philosophers
ºuble by tº º, Jacks, 3 vols., popular editiºn,
wº, sº-The Girl, by Katherine Keith,
º wºws at the Day, new vol. Henry
-º-ºwa west, 50 cts. (Henry Holt Co.)
seve- ºwturies, by Arthur Symons,
º º - the Renaissance of Wonder,
º-wº $1,75.--Greater than the
º-º-º-º- ºrwumond, $1.50.-Content
- was and Jane Findlater, $1.T.A.
Qºs by Mary L. Pendered. (E.
--~ -
--~~~ * literature, by Bishop
Jº sº * \Abingdom Press.)
- *** - ~ Sºv, edited, with intro-
- *-vº M.A., illus., 83-
- - whºsith to, Chauº, a
- - ***.*.*.*.
- sº-ºs ºf literature, by
- *ws and .
- ** ** introduction,
--~~~ studies in Eng:
- - *** the Chief
- -- **** by Mary
- -*** **ss.)
- - -
**
Stevenson, how to know him, by Richard Ashley Rice,
with portrait, $1.25–Defoe, how to know him,
by William P. Trent, with portrait, $1.25. (Bobbs-
Merrill Co.)
American Literature in Spain, by John de Lancey
Ferguson.—The Mystic Vision in the Grail Legend
and in the Divine Comedy, by Lizette A. Fisher.—
The Rhythm of Prose, by William Morrison Pat-
terson.—The Sanskrit Poems of Mayura, by G.
Payn Quackenbos.-Studies in Magic from Latin
Literature, by Eugene Tavenner.—The Gloria
d’Amor of Fra Rocaberti, by H. C. Heaton.
(Columbia University Press.)
The Literary History of Spanish America, by Alfred
Coester, $2.50.-A Handy Guide for Beggars, by
Vachel Lindsay, $1.25.-An Apology for Old Maids,
and other essays, by Henry Dwight Sedgwick,
$1.25. (Macmillan Co.)
Ireland’s Literary Renaissance, by Ernest A. Boyd,
$2. (John Lane Co.)
Superwomen, by Albert Payson Terhune, illus., $2.50.
(Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Personality in German Literature before Luther, by
Kuno Francke, Ph.D. (Harvard University Press.)
Studies in Shakespeare, by Homer B. Sprague, first
series, $1.25. (Pilgrim Press.)
An Essay on Shakespeare's Relation to Tradition, by
º: Spens, D.Litt., 90 cts. (Longmans, Green,
& Co.)
The Spirit of Modern German Literature, by Ludwig
Lewisohn, $1.-Maeterlinck, poet and mystic, by
Edward Howard Griggs, 50 cts. (B. W. Huebsch.)
Folk Tales of the Philippines, by Mabel Cook Cole,
illus., $1.25. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Open That Door! by R. Sturgis Ingersoll, $1. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
Journalism versus Art, by Max Eastman, illus.
(Alfred A. Knopf.)
Romance, two lectures, by Sir Walter Raleigh.
(Princeton University Press.)
Prose Edda, by Snorri Sturluson, trans. by Arthur
Gilchrist Brodeur. (The American-Scandinavian
Foundation.)
BOOKS OF VERSE.

The Great Valley, by Edgar Lee Masters, $1.25-
Fruit Gathering, by Rabindranath Tagore.—
Responsibilities, by William Butler Yeats.-Men,
Women , and Ghosts, by Amy Lowell, $1.25.-
Californians, by Robinson Jeffers, $1.25.-The
Quest, by John G. Neihardt, $1.25.-The New
Poetry, an anthology, edited by Harriet Monroe
and Alice Corbin Henderson, $1.50.-The Story
of Eleusis, by Louis V. Ledoux, $1.25.-Poems of
the Great War, by J. W. Cunliffe, $1.50.-The
Macmillan Modern Poets, new edition, comprising:
Good Friday and Other Poems, by John Masefield;
Philip the King and Other Poems, by John Mase-
field; The Story of a Round House and Other
Poems, by John Masefield; The Everlasting Mercy
and the Widow in the Bye-Street, by John Mase-
field; A Mainsail Haul, by John Masefield; The
Daffodil Fields, by John Masefield; Songs and
Satires, by Edgar Lee Masters; Spoon River
Anthology, by Edgar Lee Masters; Sword Blades
and Poppy Seed, by Amy Lowell; A Dome of
Many-Coloured Glass, by Amy Lowell; Vision of
War, by Lincoln Colcord; Battle and Other Poems,
by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson; Daily Bread, by Wil-
frid Wilson Gibson; Borderlands and Thorough-
fares, by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson; The Congo and
Other Poems, by Vachel Lindsay; ‘General Booth


1916]
221
THE DIAL
Enters into Heaven and Other Poems, by Vachel
Lindsay; Rivers to the Sea, by Sarah Teasdale;
The Man against the Sky, by Edwin Arlington
Robinson; Poems, by Alfred Noyes; Flower of
Old Japan and Other Poems, by Alfred Noyes;
The Golden Hynde and Other Poems, by Alfred
Noyes; Songs of Kabir, by Rabindranath Tagore;
Gitanjali, by Rabindranath Tagore; The Gardener,
by Rabindranath Tagore; The Crescent Moon, by
Rabindranath Tagore; The Post Office, by Rabin-
dranath Tagore; Chitra, by Rabindranath Tagore;
The Great Maze—The Heart of Youth, by Herman
Hagedorn; The Song of Hugh Glass, by John G.
Neihardt; per vol., $1.60.-The Passing of Spring,
by B. K. Das.-Selected Poems, by Thomas Hardy,
Golden Treasury Series. (Macmillan Co.)
Mountain Interval, by Robert Frost, $1.25.-Wild
Earth and Other Poems, by Pádraic Colum, $1.25.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
The Jig of Forslin, by Conrad Aiken, $1.25.-
Japanese Prints, by John Gould Fletcher, $1.
(Four Seas Co.)
Gai Saber, by Maurice Hewlett, $1.75.-The Book of
Winifred Maynard, posthumous poems, $1.25-
Greek Wayfarers, and other poems, by Edwina S.
Babcock, $1.25.-Smoky Roses, by Lyman Bryson,
$1.25.-Sonnets, by John R. Strong, $1.25.-The
Caliph's Secret, and other verses, by M. A. B.
Evans, $1.25.-Andvari’s Ring, by Arthur Peterson,
$1.25.-Collected Poems of Arthur Peterson, $1.25.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Hoosier Book of Riley Verse, containing poems
in dialect, collected and arranged by Hewitt Hanson
Howland, $2.-Poems of War and Peace, by
Robert Underwood Johnson, $1. (Bobbs-Merrill
Co.)
War and Laughter, by James Oppenheim, $1.25.-
The Night Court, and other verse, by Ruth Comfort
Mitchell, $1. (Century Co.)
Riders of the Stars, by Henry Herbert Knibbs, $1.-
Collected Poems, by Florence Earle Coates, new
edition, 2 vols.-New Poetry Series, new vols.:
Mothers and Men, by Harold Trowbridge Pulsifer;
Sea Garden, by H. D.; Songs out of School, by H.
H. Bashford, each 75 cts.-The Glory of Toil, by
Edna Dean Proctor, new collected edition, 75 cts.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
From the Hidden Way, by James Branch Cabell,
$1.25. (Robert M. McBride & Co.)
Canadian Poets and Poetry, edited by John W.
Garvin, $2.50. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
Bugle-Echoes, compiled by Francis F. Browne, $1.
(A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Swords for Life, by Irene R. McLeod, $1.-Amores,
by D. H. Lawrence. (B. W. Huebsch.)
The Great White Wall, and other poems, by William
Rose Benét.—Jordan Farms, an epic in homespun,
by Frederick Erastus Pierce.—The Testament of
William Windune, and other poems, by James H.
Wallis. (Yale University Press.)
Heart Songs and Home Songs, by Denis A. McCarthy,
$1. (Little, Brown & Co.)
Flashlights, by Mary Aldis, $1.25. (Duffield & Co.)
The North Sea, from the German of Heinrich Heine,
trans. by Howard Mumford Jones, $1.-The New
Morn, by Paul Carus, 50 cts. (Open Court Pub-
lishing Co.)
The Book of Sorrow, compiled by Andrew Macphail.
(Oxford University Press.)
Ballads of the Fleet, by Sir Rennell Rodd, new and
cheaper edition, $1.-Gorse Blossoms from Dart-
moor, by Beatrice Chase, 35 cts. (Longmans,
Green, & Co.)
Poe's Run, and other poems, by M'Cready Sykes.
(Princeton University Press.)
The Poems of William H. Davies, $1.25.
Knopf.)
The Golden Threshold, by Sarojini Naidu, with intro-
duction by Arthur Symons, with portrait, $1. (John
Lane Co.)
Voices of Song, by James W. Foley, $1.50.-Fairy
Gold, by Katharine Lee Bates.—Ballads of Battle,
by Corporal Joseph Lee, $1.25-Aunt Sadie's
Rhymes and Rhyme Stories, illus. by the author,
* by Harold Soderston. (E. P. Dutton &
o.)
Poems and Lyrics, by John B. Tabb, $5.-The Dog's
Book of Verse, by J. Earl Clauson, $1. (Small,
Maynard & Co.)
A Heap o’ Livin', by Edgar A. Guest, $1.25.
(Reilly & Britton Co.)
The Roof of the World, and other poems, by Henry
G. Barnett, $1.50.-The Little God, by Katharine
Howard, illus., $1.50.-Untravelled Trails, by
Howard Hilles, $1.50.-Ballads and Lyrics, by
Eldredge Denison, $1.25–A Diagnosis, and other
poems, by William P. Gilmour, $1.35.-Runes of
the Night, by John B. Magee, $1.-Songs of the
Hills and Home, by Wallace Irving Coburn, $1.-
Something Singing, by Margaret Perry, $1.-Four
Things . There Are, and other poems, by May
Stranathan, $1.-The House on the Hill, and other
poems, by Frederick A. Wright, $1.-Neighbors of
Yesterday, by Jeanne R. Foster, $1.-Cat's Cradle,
by H. Stanley Haskins, $1.25.--When Leaves Grow
Old, and other poems, by Egbert T. Bush, 75 cts.-
A Hidden Well, by Louis How, $1.-From the
Limbo of Forgotten Things, by Mary S. Tyson,
$1.-The Vanished World, by Douglas H. Duer,
80 cts. (Sherman, French & Co.)
DRAMA AND THE STAGE.
Shakespeare on the Stage, by William Winter, third
series, illus., $3. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
A Book about the Theater, by Brander Matthews,
illus., $2.50. Charles Scribner’s Sons.)
The English Drama in the Age of Shakespeare, by
Wilhelm Creizenach, trans. from the Polish, $4.50.
—Training for the Stage, by Arthur Hornblow,
with preface by David Belasco, illus., $1.25. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
The Locked Chest and The Sweeps of Ninety-Eight,
two one-act plays, by John Masefield, limited edi-
tion.—Plays, by Mary S. Watts, $1.25. (Macmillan
Co.)
Dramatic Works of Gerhart Hauptmann, Vol. VII,
$1.50.-The Marriage Game, a comedy, by Anne
C. Flexner, $1. (B. W. Huebsch.)
Plays and Players, leaves from a critic's scrapbook,
by Walter Prichard Eaton, illus., $1.75.-The Truth
about the Theater, anonymous, $1. (Stewart &
Kidd Co.)
Masterpieces of Modern Spanish Drama, edited, with
introduction, by Barrett H. Clark, illus., $1.50.
(Duffield & Co.)
Sixty Years of the Theater, by J. Ranken Towse,
illus., $2.50. (Funk & Wagnalls Co.)
Duty, and other Irish Comedies, by Seumas O’Brien,
with portrait, $1.25.-Anne Pedersdotter, a drama
in four acts, by H. Wiers-Jenssen, English version
and introduction by John Masefield, $1.-Three
Plays: The Fiddler’s House, The Land, Thomas
Muskerry, by Pádraic Colum, $1.25. (Little, Brown
& Co.)
The Tidings Brought to Mary, by Paul Claudel,
trans. by Louise Morgan Sill, $1.50.-The Book
(Alfred A.


222 THE DIAL [September 21
of the Yale Pageant, edited by George H. Nettleton,
Ph.D., illus., $1. (Yale University Press.)
Play Production in America, by Arthur Edwin Krows,
illus., $2.50.-The Forest Princess, and other
masques, by Constance d’Arcy Mackay, $1.35.-
The Baad Together, a play in four acts, by George
Middleton, $1. (Henry Holt & Co.)
The Borzoi Plays, first vols.: War, by Michael
Artzibashef, trans. from the Russian by Thomas
Seltzer; Moloeh, by Beulah Marie Dix; Moral, by
Ludwig Thoma, trans. from the German by Charles
Becht; The Inspector-General, by Nicolai Gogol,
trans from the Russian by Thomas Seltzer; per
vol., $1. (Alfred A. Knopf.)
The Fruit of Toil, and other one-act plays, by Lillian
P. Wilson, 75 cts. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
8x Plays of the Yiddish Theatre, trans. and edited
by Dr. Isaac Goldberg, $1.50. (John W. Luce &
Co.)
Judgment, a one-act play in verse, by Amelia J.
Burr, 60 ets.-The Homecoming and The Peace-
makers, two one-act plays of the war, by Paul
Eldridge, 60 ets.--Othello, in Albanian, trans.
by Fans 8. Noli, $1. (Four Seas Co.)
The Woman Who Wouldn't, a play in four acts, by
Rose Pastor Stokes, $1.25.-The Aztec God, and
other dramas, by George L. Raymond, revised edi-
tion, $1.25. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Mavourneen, a play in three acts, by Lewis Parker,
$1.25. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Witch of Endor, a poetic drama of Saul, by
Robert W. Norwood, $1.25. (George H. Doran Co.)
Plays for Home, School, and Settlement, by Virginia
Olcott, designs for costumes by Harriet M. Olcott,
41. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Modern Icelandic Plays, by Johann Sigurjónsson,
trans, by Henninge Krohn Schanche. (The
American-Scandinavian Foundation.)
FICTION.
The Brook Kerith, by George Moore, $1.50.-Mr.
Britling Sees It Through, by H. G. Wells, $1.50.-
The Green Alleys, a comedy, by Eden Phillpotts,
$1.50.-The Hungry Stones, and other stories, by
Radindranath Tagore, $1.25.-Multitude and Soli-
tude, by John Masefield, $1.35.-The Turtles of
Tasman, by Jack London, $1.25.-The Eternal
Husband, by Fyodor Dostoevsky, trans. from the
Russian by Constance Garnett, $1.50.-A new novel,
by Hermann Hagedorn, $1.25.-The Tales of
Chekhov, trans, by Constance Garnett, Vol. I,
The Darling, and other stories, $1.50.-Gold Must
Be Tried by Fire, by Richard Aumerle Maher,
$1.35.-Changing Winds, by St. John G. Ervine.—
The Secret Trails, by Charles G. D. Roberts, $1.35.
-Regiment of Women, by Clemence Dane.—Pilot,
#. H. Plunkett Green.—The Wife of Sir Isaac
Harman, by H. G. Wells, 50 cts. (Macmillan Co.)
The Leatherwood God, by William Dean Howells,
illus., $1.35.-The Dark Tower, by Phyllis Bottome,
illus., $1.35.-The Keys of the City, by Oscar
Graeve, $1.35.-Olga Bardel, by Stacy Aumonier,
$1.35-The Curious Case of Marie Dupont, by
Adele Luehrmann, illus., $1.35.-Kildares of Storm,
by Eleanor Mercein Kelly, $1.40.-Partners of the
Night, by Leroy Scott, illus., $1.35. (Century Co.)
The Pleasant Ways of St. Médard, by Grace King,
$1.40,-Slaves of Freedom, by Coningsby Dawson,
illus, by Willy Pogany, $1.40.-Bodbank, by
Richard Washburn Child, $1.35.-Cecily and the
Wide World, by Elizabeth F. Corbett, $1.40.-Our
Natural Neighbors, by E. Miniter, $1.35.-Pelle
the Conqueror: Victory, by Martin A. Nexö, trans.
by Jessie Muir, $1.40. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Enoch Crane, planned and begun by F. Hopkinson
Smith and completed by F. Berkeley Smith, illus.,
$1.35.-Head Winds, by James B. Connolly,
illus., $1.35.-After the Manner of Men, by Francis
Lynde, illus., $1.35.-Xingu, and other stories, by
Edith Wharton, $1.35.-The Eternal Feminine, by
Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews, illus., $1.35.-
Souls Resurgent, by Marion Hamilton Carter, $1.35.
—Unfinished Portraits, stories of artists and
musicians, by Jennette Lee, $1.25. (Charles
Scribner’s Sons.)
The Bulwark, by Theodore Dreiser, $1.50.-The
Wonderful Year, by William J. Locke, $1.40—
In Spacious Times, by Justin Huntly McCarthy,
$1.35.-The Invisible Balance Sheet, by Katrina
Trask, $1.35.-The Hampstead Mystery, by Arthur
J. Rees and J. R. Watson, $1.35.-The Bigamist,
by F. E. Mills Young, $1.35–The Amethyst Ring,
trans. by B. Drillien, $1.75 met.—Germany from
Within Out, by Stephen Leacock, $1.-A Little
Question in Ladies’ Rights, by Parker H. Fillmore,
illus., 50 cts. (John Lane Co.)
Casuals of the Sea, by William McFee, $1.50.-The
Emperor of Portugallia, by Selmä Lagerlöf, trans.
by Velma Swanston Howard, $1.50.-The Circuit
Rider's Widow, by Corra Harris, illus., $1.50.-
The Leopard Woman, by Stewart Edward White,
illus., $1.35.-The Wishing Moon, by Louise
Dutton, illus., $1.35.-The Bird House Man, by
Walter Prichard Eaton, illus., $1.35.-The House
of Fear, by C. Wadsworth Camp, illus., $1.35.-
Somewhere in Red Gap, by Harry Leon Wilson,
illus., $1.35.-Penrod and Sam, by Booth Tarking-
ton, $1.35.-The Further Side of Silence, by Sir
Hugh Clifford, $1.35.-The Preacher of Cedar
Mountain, by Ernest Thompson Seton, illus., $1.35.
—Beef, Iron and Wine, by Jack Lait, $1.25-
The Grizzly King, by James Oliver Curwood, illus.,
$1.25.-Short Stories from “Life,” with introduc-
tion by Thomas L. Masson, $1.25. (Doubleday,
Page & Co.)
Watermeads, by Archibald Marshall, $1.50.-Damaris,
by Lucas Malet, $1.40.-Love and Lucy, by Maurice
Hewlett, $1.35.-The Streets of the Blank Wall,
by Jerome K. Jerome, $1.25.-The Autobiography
and Deliverance of Mark Rutherford, edited by his
friend, Reuben Shapcott, new edition, $1.50.-The
Tutor’s Story, by Charles Kingsley, a posthumous
novel completed by the author’s daughter, Lucas
Malet (Mrs. Mary St. Leger Harrison), $1.35.-
The Old Blood, by Frederick Palmer, illus., $1.40.
—The Woman Who Killed, by Jules Bois, $1.35.-
In Another Girl's Shoes, by Berta Ruck (Mrs.
Oliver Onions), $1.35.-A Russian Priest, by J.
N. Potapenko, $1.35.-The Chief Legatee, by Anna
Katherine Green, $1.35.-From the Housetops, by
George Barr McCutcheon, illus., $1.40.-Jim-Un-
classified, by Robert J. Kelly, $1.35.-A Divine
Egotist, by Wingie E. Roe, $1.35.-The Delight
Makers, by Adolf F. Bandelier, illus., $2.-The
Short Cut, by Jackson Gregory, illus., $1.35.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Lion's Share, by Arnold Bennett, $1.50.-A
Gilded Vanity, by Richard Dehan, $1.40.-Leather-
face, by Baroness Orczy, $1.35–The Triumph of
Tim, by Horace Annesley Vachell, $1.40.-Local
Color, by Irvin S. Cobb, $1.35–Kinsmen, by
Percival J. Cooney, $1.50.-The Complete Gentle-
man, by Bohun Lynch, $1.35.-The Towers of
Ilium, by Ethelyn Leslie Huston, $1.35.-The
Average Woman, by W. Dane Bank, $1.35.-The
Last Ditch, by W. L. Comfort, $1.35.-The Ver-
million Box, by E. W. Lucas, $1.40.-Dead Yester-
day, by Mary Agnes Hamilton, $1.50.-The Snow


1916]
THE DIAL 223
Burner, by Henry Oyen, $1.25.-The Unknown Mr.
Kent, by Roy Norton, $1.25.-The Power-House,
by John Buchan, $1.25.-The Daughter Pays, by
Mrs. Baillie Reynolds, $1.25.-Barnacles, by J.
MacDougall Hay, $1.40. (George H. Doran Co.)
The World for Sale, by Sir Gilbert Parker, illus.,
$1.35.-Second Choice, by Will N. Harben, with
frontispiece, $1.35.-Rainbow’s End, by Rex
Beach, $1.35.-Between Two Worlds, by Philip
Curtiss, with frontispiece, $1.35.-Every Soul Hath
its Song, by Fannie Hurst, with frontispiece, $1.30.
—Peace and Quiet, by Edwin Milton Royle, with
frontispiece, $1.35.-A Voice in the Wilderness, by
Grace L. H. Lutz, with frontispiece, $1.30-
(Harper & Brothers.)
The Voice in the Wilderness, by Robert Hichens,
$1.50.-Lydia of the Pines, by Honoré Willsie,
illus., $1.25–Witte Arrives, by Elias Tobenkin,
with frontispiece, $1.25.-The Little Hunchback
Zia, by Frances H. Burnett, illus., 75 cts.-John-
stone of the Border, by Harold Bindloss, with
frontispiece in color, $1.35.-Earth to Earth, by
Richard Dehan, $1.35.-Mr. Wildridge of the
Bank, by Lynn Doyle, $1.30.-The Nest Builder,
by Beatrice F. R. Hale, with frontispiece, $1.35–
The Guiding Thread, by Beatrice Harraden, $1.35.
—The Impossible Mrs. Bellew, by David Lisle, with
frontispiece, $1.30-The Six-Pointed Cross in the
Dust, by John Roland, with frontispiece, $1.30.
(Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
The Crushed Flower, by Leonid Andreyev, trans.
from the Russian by Herman Bernstein, $1.50.-
Sussex Gorse, by Sheila Kaye-Smith, $1.50.-A
Drake, by George! by John Trevena, $1.50–Royal
Highness, by Thomas Mann, trans. by A. Cecil
Curtis, $1.50.-Pointed Roofs, by Dorothy Rich-
ardson, with introduction by J. D. Beresford, $1.35.
—Tales of the Pampas, by W. H. Hudson, $1.25.
—The Brown Mare, by Alfred Ollivant, $1. (Alfred
A. Knopf.)
Hatchways, by Ethel Sidgwick, $1.40.-Doctor Nick,
by L. M. Steele, illus., $1.40.-Pincus Hood, by
Arthur Hodges, illus., $1.40.-The House of Luck,
by Harris Dickson, illus., $1.35.-The Beloved Son,
by Fannie Kemble Johnson, with frontispiece in
color, $1.35–The Stranger at the Hearth, by
Katharine Metcalf Roof, with frontispiece, $1.35.
—The Clue of the Twisted Candle, by Edgar Wal-
lace, with frontispiece in color, $1.25. (Small,
Maynard & Co.)
El Supremo, by Edward L. White, $1.90.-A Little
House in War Time, by Agnes and Egerton Castle,
$1.50.-Graven Image, by Hilda Plumings, $1.50.
—The Romances of Escapes, by Tighe Hopkins,
$1.50–Jitny and the Boys, by Bennet Coppleston,
$1.50.-The Highwaymen, by Bailey, $1.50.-
Shadows of Yesterday, by Bowen, $1.50.-The
Whirlpool, by Victoria Morton, $1.35.-The Tam-
ing of Calinga, by C. L. Carlsen, $1.35.-The
Chorus, by Sylvia, Lynd, $1.35–The Outlaw, by
Charles B. Hudson.—The Enlightenment of
Paulina, by Ellen Wilkins Tompkins.— Belle Jones,
by Allen Meacham.—Our Minnesota, by Hester
Pollock-The Grail Light, by Zephine Humphrey,
-Julius Levallon, by Algernon Blackwood. (E. P.
Dutton & Co.)
Filling His Own Shoes, by Henry C. Rowland, illus,
$1.35-Helen, by Arthur Sherburne Hardy, $1.35.
—The Wall Street Girl, by Frederick Orin Bart-
lett, illus., $1.35–Skinner's Dress Suit, by Henry
Irving Dodge, illus., $1.-Tales of the Labrador, by
Wilfred T. Grenfell, M.D., with frontispiece, $1.25.
—The Romance of Martin Connor, by Oswald
Kendall, illus. in color, $1.25.-The Man of Athens,
by Julia D. Dragoumis, $1.50. (Houghton Mifflin
Co.)
The Magnificent Adventure, by Emerson Hough, illus.,
$1.35.-Mary-'Gusta, by Joseph C. Lincoln, illus.,
$1.35.-The Sailor, by J. C. Snaith, $1.40.-The
Five-Barred Gate, by E. Temple Thurston,
$1.40.-Paradise Garden, by George Gibbs, illus.,
$1.35.-The Winged Victory, by Sarah Grand, $1.50.
—Profit and Loss, by Amelia E. Barr, illus., $1.30.
—Fondie, by Edward C. Booth, $1.40.-Wind's
Will, by Agnes and Egerton Castle, illus., $1.35.-
The Career of Katherine Bush, by Elinor Glyn,
illus., $1.30-The Madness of Philip, by Josephine
Daskam Bacon, new edition, illus., $1.25.-Hermione
and Her Little Group of Serious Thinkers, by Don
Marquis, $1.25.-Emmy Lou's Road to Grace, by
George Madden Martin, illus., $1.30.-The Look of
Eagles, by John Taintor Foote, with frontispiece
in color, 50 cts. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Kingdom of the Blind, by E. Phillips Oppen-
heim, with frontispiece, $1.35.-The Woman Gives,
by Owen Johnson, illus., $1.40.-The Sins of the
Children, by Cosmo Hamilton, with frontispiece,
$1.40–Chloe Malone, by Fannie Heaslip Lea,
illus., $1.35.-The Heritage of the Sioux, by B. M.
Bower, with frontispiece, $1.35.-Clover and Blue
Grass, by Eliza Calvert Hall, with frontispiece,
The Whale and the Grasshopper, and other fables,
by Seumas O'Brien, with frontispiece, $1.25.-
The Worn Doorstep, by Margaret Sherwood, $1.25.
—Miss Theodosia’s Heartstrings, by Annie Hamil-
ton Donnell, illus., $1. (Little, Brown & Co.)
The More Excellent Way, by Cyrus Townsend Brady,
with frontispiece in color, $1.35.-The Cab of the
Sleeping Horse, by John Reed Scott, with frontis-
piece in color, $1.35.-A Slav Soul, and other
stories, by Alexander Kuprin, with introduction by
Stephen Graham, $1.50.-The Breath of the Dragon,
by A. H. Fitch, with frontispiece in color, $1.35.-
To the Minute, by Anna Katharine Green, with
frontispiece in color, $1. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Druid Path, by Marah Ellis Ryan, $1.35.-
“Contraband,” by Randall Parrish, illus., $1.35.-
The Range Boss, by Charles Alden Seltzer, illus.,
$1.30.-Aunt Liza’s “Praisin' Gate,” by Effie
Graham, illus., 75 cts. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
The Web of Steel, by Cyrus Townsend Brady and son,
illus., $1.35.-The Trail to the Hearts of Men,
by A. E. Cory, illus., $1.35.-The Klondike Clan,
by S. Hall Young, $1.35.-The Castle of Cheer, by
Charles H. Lerrigo, $1.25. (Fleming H. Revell
Co.)
The Certain Hour, by James Branch Cabell, $1.35.-
Pod, Bender & Co., by George Allan England, $1.35.
(Robert M. McBride & Co.)
Thirty Pieces of Silver, by Francis Neilson, illus.,
$1.50.-The Painted Scene, stories of the real
stage, by Henry Kitchell Webster, illus., $1.50.-
Prudence Says So, by Ethel Hueston, illus., $1.25.
—Tumbleweed, by Alice M. Colter, illus., $1.25-
Loot, by Arthur S. Roche, illus., $1.25. (Bobbs-
Merrill Co.)
The Last Book of Wonder, by Lord Dunsany, $1.50.-
A Dreamer's Tales, The Sword of Welleran, The
Gods of Pegana, each by Lord Dunsany, author-
ized American editions, illus., per vol., $1.50. (John
W. Luce & Co.)
In the Garden of Delight, by L. H. Hammond,81.—
A Dreamer of Dreams, by Oliver Huckel, illus.,
$1.25. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)


214
[September 21
THE DIAL
ments on the war. Whatever their permanent
interest and worth, readers will not be lacking
for such present-day claimants upon public
attention as "My Second Year of the Great
War," by Mr. Frederick Palmer; "The Dublin
Insurrection," by Mr. James Stephens;
"Gallipoli," by Mr. Masefield; "Priests on
the Firing Line," by M. Rene Gaell, and "A
French Mother in War Time," by Madame
Edouard Drumont. Of similar though more
serious interest are "The War and the Soul,"
by the Rev. R. J. Campbell; "The Christian
Ethic of War" (a seeming contradiction in
terms), by Dr. P. T. Forsyth; "The Hope of
the Great Community," by the late Professor
Royce; and "To-morrow," by Professor
Miinsterberg.
Turning for relief to something more like
pure literature, if there be any such thing,
one notes with anticipations of enjoyment
Professor William Lyon Phelps's book on
"The Advance of the English Novel," Dr.
Crothers's collection of essays, "The Pleasures
of an Absentee Landlord," Mr. Galsworthy's
offering of "A Sheaf of Wild Oats," Mr. Ford
Madox Hueffer's "Henry James: A Critical
Study," Mr. Ernest Boyd's "Ireland's
Literary Renaissance," Professor Richard
Burton's "Bernard Shaw: The Man and the
Mask," and other equally attractive produc-
tions of scholarship and taste.
Poetry and drama offer something of worth
to the few and select readers of such litera-
ture — few in a comparative sense, of course,
and increasing encouragingly every year. A
collection of the late John Hay's poems,
including many pieces never before put
between covers, must take a leading place in
any enumeration of current publications in
verse. Younger versifiers this year promi-
nently mentioned are represented in the pub-
lishers' lists by such names as Noyes,
Masefield, Yeats, Masters, Rabindranath
Tagore, Hagedorn, Amy Lowell, and many
more. The "Modern Drama Series" contains
much good reading of its kind, and separate
works from our industrious young play-
wrights are to be had in plenty — an abun-
dance strongly in contrast with the scarcity
of only a few years ago, before the printed
play had fairly begun to vie with the acted
play as a source of entertainment
In history occur such scholarly works as
"Ireland under the Stuarts and during the
Interregnum," by Mr. Richard Bagwell—this
magnum opus is now in its third volume;
"Christianity and Nationalism in the Later
Roman Empire," by Mr. E. L. Woodward; "A
Political and Social History of Modern
Europe," by Mr. C. J. H. Hayes; a rather
formidable work on Mongolia, limited in its
edition but less limited in its price; a study
of Poland's social and economic history; an
economic and social history of Europe, by
Mr. Frederic Austin Ogg; and other like vol-
umes in sufficient number to prove that the
world is interested in something besides war
and romance.
Biography, which is history in another
form, offers books of note. Most attractive,
in a cursory survey of titles, is "The Life of
John Fiske," by Mr. John Spencer Clarke,
a lifelong friend and associate of the histo-
rian. Fiske's earlier work as librarian makes
him especially interesting to the profession,
though it plays but little part in his rich and
varied life as a whole. That so accomplished
a chronicler of other men's lives should have
waited so long to have his own life written in
full may not prove to be cause for regret
when that finished work at last appears. A
promising biography of Chief Justice
Marshall, on an equal scale, comes from the
pen of ex-Senator Beveridge. Lives of Booker
T. Washington, Sir John Henniker Heaton,
and "0. Henry" will not go begging for
buyers and readers. "My Remembrances,"
by Mr. E. H. Sothern, completes its serial
appearance and takes more permanent and
convenient form. That strongly marked char-
acter, already known to readers, Mr. Charles
A. Eastman, takes them still further into his
confidence in a volume entitled "From the
Deep Woods to Civilization: Chapters in the
Autobiography of an Indian." Richard
Watson Gilder's letters form another of the
season's most inviting volumes.
Let us conclude with a few scattering titles
of varied character. Dr. Grenfell's "Tales of
the Labrador" are true stories of toil and
hardship and perilous adventure in the far
North, picturing the life and occupations of
his people in the bleak latitudes of almost per-
petual snow and ice. A timely presentation
of "Caribbean Interests of the United
States" is from the careful pen of Mr. Chester
Lloyd Jones. "Mediation, Investigation, and
Arbitration in Industrial Disputes," by Mr.
George E. Barnett and Mr. David A. McCall,
is such a work as was never more needed than


1916]
215
THE DIAL
now. "The Clan of Munes," which purports
to he "the true story of the wonderful new
tribe of fairies discovered by Frederick Judd
Waugh," excites curiosity.
The person of long experience in handling
books and reading book-titles, such as is the
gray-haired librarian or the elderly book-
seller, can hardly fail to remark with concern
the somewhat alarming scarcity that is mak-
ing itself felt in the supply of new names
for the products of literary industry. This
season sees the repetition of several old titles,
as in Miss Amy Lowell's "Men, Women and
Ghosts," a book of poems not reminiscent of
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps in anything but
name. Admiral Fitzgerald gives us "From
Sail to Steam," a book of naval recollections
similar in character to Captain Mahan 's work
of precisely the same name. But Mrs. Barr's
"Profit and Loss" will not, it is safe to pre-
dict, be confounded with Mr. Alphonso A.
Hopkins's "Profit and Loss in Man." Remi-
niscent touches of this sort in book-titles are
what the trained librarian, more particularly
if he be also a trained cataloguer, is qualified
to appreciate. Not exactly alien to this genus,
either, is the continuation of Professor Arne
Fisher's learned treatise on "The Mathemat-
ical Theory of Probabilities and its Applica-
tion to Frequency Curves and Statistical
Methods." With this manual in hand the
librarian ought to grapple successfully with
questions of library statistics and the fre-
quency of book-losses and other periodic
occurrences within his domain. Again, if he
(or more probably she) be a children's libra-
rian, interest will be awakened by the
announcement of the forthcoming "Bunny-
fluffkins," and "Twinkletoes and Nibblenuts,"
and the "Tin Owl Stories."
But our space is filled, the printer's devil
waits at the door, and still a quantity of good
things in store for readers must remain
unmentioned. Other departments of litera-
ture here passed over in silence all have
their new books of worth and some of con-
spicuous merit. But a good book is its own
best advertiser, and its failure to receive
prominent mention in any preliminary and
partial survey will work it no lasting injury.
The reviewer, like the librarian and the book-
seller, is tantalized by the wealth before him,
and must forego the pleasure even of calling
others' attention to much that he himself may
never hope to enjoy. Percy R BlCKNELL.
Briefs on New Books.
, , The second and concluding vol-
An account of => .
our notional ume of Mr. W. B. Bryan s "His-
capiua, tais-is. tory of the National Capital"
(Macmillan) carries the account through the
period 1815-18, or until the adoption of the
existing organic act for the government of
the District of Columbia. To the wider pub-
lic it is a period less interesting than the
period of foundation, or than the most recent
period of enlightened return to the concep-
tions of the founders; for it is a period of
relative pettiness, neglect, and enforced self-
dependence. The apathy of Congress to the
national responsibility for the capital, and
the efforts of citizens toward improvement,
through various forms of local government,
fill a large part of the volume. National
movements, such as abolition, temperance, or
enfranchisement, find also local exemplifica-
tions, though not of extraordinary signifi-
cance. The minutise of development in taxa-
tion, education, public improvements, and so
on, are for the most part faithfully chron-
icled, although occasionally there are sur-
prising omissions. The same discursiveness
and lack of larger organization which marked
the previous volume are apparent in this one,
which nevertheless forms a rich collection of
information for students of particular ques-
tions as well as for those specially interested
in the city of Washington.
There can be no question that
oT^Sw*" Professor Hollingworth writes
upon a timely theme in his
"Vocational Psychology" (Appleton). It is
also a theme open to a variety of pretenders,
who advertise their ability to determine what
you are fit for and to improve the quality of
your capacities. The topic is raised to a high
practical interest by the fact that men must
seek and find employment, and the determi-
nation of fitness has a market value. Profes-
sor Hollingworth reviews the ambitious
attempts in past and present to short-cut
the road to information and find the land-
marks of human capacities. He shows how
inevitably the problem was reshaped by the
laboratory methods of modern psychology.
The testing of mental ability has become an
art, though one imperfectly established. If
modestly applied, it at the least discovers the
incompetent and submits criteria for more
rigid selection. When compared with the
tests of schools and with the impressionistic
methods of the employer, it demonstrates its
superiority. Professor Hollingworth's book


216
[September 21
THE DIAL
is in substance the first to set forth the scien-
tific basis of vocational fitness; if it fails to
go as far as one could wish, it lays the foun-
dations solidly and shows how cautiously one
must proceed. It is at once a review of meth-
ods and results and.a guide to the study of
aptitudes. One of the topics most fully and
ably considered is the discussion of what
traits go together; and another is the study
of judgments of ability and their value. A
chapter contributed by Mrs. Hollingworth
makes a study of the aptitudes of men and
women. The negative findings of tests are
emphasized, and from them is drawn a con-
clusion as to comparability of quality which
may arouse question,—the question whether
the qualities tested in any manner exhaust
the significant points of difference or merely
play about the edges. At all events the book
may be recommended to those who are per-
sonally or professionally interested in the
study of the qualities which the world uses
and selects in its complicated business.
Mr. James Phinney Munroe is
eslaVfnBland known as a thoughtful essayist
and public-spirited citizen, with
wide interests wisely pursued. His recent
volume takes its title from the opening essay,
"The New England Conscience" (Badger),
and discourses discerningly upon that curi-
ous product. In his view, "those whom it
now tortures with its hot pincers of doubt
and self-reproach are sacrificed to a cause
long since won." For in these days, alike
democratic and cosmopolitan, "the narrow
has become the broad road with a demi-tasse
substituted for a pie." The typical examples
by which he adds unity to the volume range
over a considerable diversity of interesting
subjects. "Samuel Adams, the New England
Democrat," "Josiah Quincy, the New Eng-
land Aristocrat," "The Town of Lexington,"
"The Destruction of the Ursuline Convent at
Charlestown,"—this latter an amazing tale of
religious prejudice and mob law in 1834, in
which the dramatis personnce are a tactless
mother superior, an ignorant girl who spread
mysterious stories of abuse, and a group of
young ladies undergoing training in the
accomplishments of needlework, painting,
dancing, and the use of the globes; while the
concluding essays are devoted to Theodore
Parker, "The Heart of the United States"
(the middle west), Lincoln, "The Eternal
Feminine," and Madame de Maintenon. The
entire series of essays is sustained upon a
high level of critical analysis and timely com-
ment, which give the volume substantial value
along with readability and charm.
The modern doctor's dissertation
™etrZP™tMnl has ta manv cases taken unto
itself the form and comeliness as
well as the portliness of the comfortable
octavo, so that in outward appearance it
differs not from other books. But usually
the contents are the same in kind and degree,
if not in quantity, as those of the more modest
unbound pamphlets of the author's own pub-
lication. So Dr. Charles E. Whitmore's "The
Supernatural in Tragedy" comes out, with
the imprimatur of the Harvard University
Press, as a respectable volume of 370 pages,
including an index. It takes all tragedy for
its material, that is, all the tragedy of
"Greece, Italy, France, and England in both
ancient and modern times," and shows how
the supernatural appears in this portentous
body of literature. Such a task involves the
outlining of many plots, than which nothing
is more painful reading, and in the work
before us it is accomplished without the
slightest charm of style. The various forms
of the supernatural are considered, such as
Fate, devils and angels, witches and ghosts,
and certain manifestations of nature with
supernatural suggestions such as storms and
the sea, and these are treated as intrinsic, that
is, with influence upon character, and as dec-
orative, that is, for purely passing effect. A
marked series of stages is seen in Greek
tragedy, from the surpassing skill of iEschy-
lus through the subordination of the super-
natural in Sophocles into the declining and
conventionalized treatment of Euripides.
The mediaeval sacred drama is treated at
great length, disproportionately so, consider-
ing the relative dramatic and aesthetic value
of the supernatural in this drama. The whole
period of Elizabethan drama is given only
about twenty pages more. One might ques-
tion, too, whether more is not made of the
supernatural in "Julius Caesar" in regarding
the ghost as the dominant agent in the down-
fall of the conspirators, as if Caesar's spirit
were to be considered in the same light as the
ghost in "Hamlet." "Some modern aspects"
of the supernatural are taken up in the
periods of the Eestoration and the eighteenth
century, and in the modern revival in Eng-
land and the works of Ibsen, D 'Annunzio, and
Maeterlinck. The Greek spelling, as "Klytai-
mestra," "Aischylos," etc., provides the
needed pedantic touch.
"On the Campus" (Torch
Press), by President Thomas H.
Macbride of the State Univer-
sity of Iowa, is not a book descriptive of
college life, but a collection of addresses
Lectures to
college
audiences.


1916]
217
THE DIAL
delivered at various times and places in the
last fifteen years before university and col-
lege audiences. These addresses, fourteen in
number, treat of educational questions and
topics in natural science, six of them having
to do with plant life, if we include in the six
an admirable literary-botanical dissertation
on "The Botany of Shakespeare" and one on
"The Folk-lore of Plants." Literary allu-
sions are not lacking in other parts of the
book, and occasional apt quotations from the
poets give charm and variety to the discourse.
In the very first of these quotations it is some-
thing of a shock, one must confess, to find a
familiar couplet from Shelley's "Skylark"
strangely misquoted, which the author's revi-
sion of his lectures for publication would not
have led us to expect. Significant is the fol-
lowing from this experienced educator:
"There is very little that education, however
fortunate, is competent to do for any man. . .
No system of training ever devised can make
a man wise; no system save that of Nature
herself, and Nature's system demands the
whole of a human life, and even then is, I
am sure, not always successful." From "The
Gifts of Science" we select a few lines as
illustrative of the author's felicitous style:
"But by far the greatest part of the debt of
science to the world is paid in service. Apollo
must needs guide the flocks of Admetus.
'Whoever will be greatest among you, let him
be your minister.' . . Everywhere science
serves: discovery passing into invention,
research resulting in appliance."
Germans in
Germany's
defense.
"Deutschland und der Welt-
krieg," a collection of essays by
a number of leaders of thought
in Germany, has been translated into Eng-
lish under the title of "Modern Germany in
Relation to the Great "War" (Kennerley).
The book constitutes the most pro-German
argument that has yet been presented to the
American public. The nineteen authors of
these essays are, with two exceptions, univer-
sity professors. The two exceptions are state
functionaries; but as a university professor
in Germany is also a state functionary of
another kind, the whole book has inevitably
an official and governmental air about it. The
authors (among them such well-known men as
Delbriick, Schmoller, and Oncken speak ex
cathedra, and the reader gains the impression
that it is thus and not otherwise that the Ger-
man government would have its people and
the world at large believe. This impression
is heightened by the rigidity and uniformity
of the utterances: neither the justice nor the
expediency of any act of the German authori-
ties is called in question. There is nothing of
the frankness or intellectual suppleness which
characterize the writings of that brilliant
free-lance, Maximilian Harden, a collection of
whose editorials would be vastly more reveal-
ing than the outpourings of the whole mobil-
ized professionate. The essays appear to have
been written in the spring of 1^15; much
water has flowed under our bridges since then.
The translator, Dr. William Wallace White-
lock, has performed his task acceptably, and
has also edited his material somewhat for the
better information and convenience of Ameri-
can readers.
More of sir Thirty-five years ago there began
Henry iaicv» to appear in "Punch" a series
"""""""* of parliamentary reports in the
form of the diary of "Toby, M. P.," the mem-
ber from Barkshire, who in private life was
"Mr. Punch's dog." These reviews were
written by Henry Lucy, an obscure journal-
ist, who later rose to great fame in the Eng-
lish editorial world and finally was honored
with knighthood. The "diary" was a success
from the very first, and it was with real regret
that the readers of "Punch" learned last Feb-
ruary that Toby had applied for the steward-
ship of the Chiltern Hundreds. The genial
reporter could not, of course, include all his
observations in his newspaper contributions;
but many have been saved for us in his books,
especially in a series of three volumes devoted
chiefly to parliamentary men and manners,
of which the third, "Nearing Jordan" (Put-
nam), has recently appeared. This volume
is made up of anecdotes and sketches of public
men whom Sir Henry knew more or less inti-
mately, and covers approximately the last
two decades of the nineteenth century. While
the author has most to say about parliamen-
tary leaders and statesmen, he also has
included several interesting chapters on "cap-
tains of the Boer war," prominent men of let-
ters, and the great leaders in English art. The
whole is done in the inimitable style of the
man who Balfour once said has "the secret of
making even the House of Commons amus-
ing." But although Sir Henry has written a
most enjoyable book, and one that maintains
its interest to the last line, it contains very
little important information that is really
new, and as a contribution to recent English
history its value is very slight.


218
[September 21
THE DIAL
Announcements of Fall Books.
In accordance with the long-established
custom of The Dial, there is here presented
the annual classified list of books announced
for fall and winter publication. Exclusive
of the departments, "School and College
Text-Books," "Books for the Young," and
"Holiday Gift-Books," which, as usual, have
been carried over to the next issue, this year's
list comprises approximately 1,500 titles, from
some 60 publishers. The list has been com-
piled from data obtained directly from the
publishers, and is as nearly complete as con-
ditions in the publishing business permit. On
page 213 will be found an article commenting
upon some of the more notable features of
the list.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Life and Letters of Theodore Watts-Dunton, by
Thomas Hake and Arthur Compton Kickctt, 2 vols.,
illus., $7.50.—The Letters of Henry Brevoort to
Washington Irving, edited, with introduction, by
George 8. Hellman, limited edition, 2 vols., $10.—
The Life and Times of David Humphreys, by
Frank L. Humphreys, 2 vols., illus., $7.50.—Remi-
niscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
1830-1915, by Frederick W. Seward, illus., $3.50 —
Portraits of the Seventeenth Century, by C. A.
Sainte-Beuve, popular edition, 2 vols., $3.50.—A
Daughter of a Puritan, by Caroline A. Stickney
Creevey, illus., $1.50.—Isaac Mayer Wise, the
founder of American Judaism, by Max B. May, $2.
—Recollections of a Happy Life, by Elizabeth
Christophers Hobson, $1.25. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Melancholy Tale of "Me," My Remembrances,
by E. II. Sothern, illus., $3.50.—Recollections Grave
and Gay, by Mrs. Burton Harrison, popular edition,
$1.50—Reminiscences of a Soldier's Wife, by Mrs.
John A. Logan, popular edition, illus., $1.50—
Autobiography of George Dewey, illus., popular
edition, $1.50.—Poe's Helen, by Caroline Ticknor,
illus., $1.50.—Father and Son, biographical recol-
lections, by Edmund Gosse, with photogravure
frontispiece, $1.25. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Life and Letters of Sir John Henniker Heaton,
Bart., by his daughter, Mrs. Adrian Porter, illus.,
$3. net. (John Lane Co.)
>Handel, by Romain Holland, translated and edited,
with introduction, by A. Eaglefield Hull, illus.,
$1.50.—Makers of the Nineteenth Century, edited
by Basil Williams, new vol.: Abraham Lincoln by
Lord Charnwood, with frontispiece, $1.75.—Bernard
Shaw, the man and the mask, by Richard Burton,
$1.50. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Chapters from My Official Life, by Sir C. Rivers
Wilson, edited by E. MacAlister, with portrait,
$3.50.—From Sail to Steam, naval recollections,
1878-1905, by Admiral C. C. Penrose Fitzgerald,
illus., $3.50.—The Reminiscences of the Right Hon.
Lord O'Brien, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland,
edited by Georgina O'Brien, with portrait, $3.—
The Right Hon. Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe, by Sir
Edward Thorpe, $2.—Memoir of Dr. Thomas
Hutchinson Tristram, late Chancellor of the Diocese
Of London, $1.25. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Journal of an Author, bv Fvodor Dostoevsky,
$1.26. (John W. Luce & Co.)
Life of John Marshall, by Albert J. Beveridge, illus.,
2 vols., $7.50.—Life of John Fiske, by John
Spencer Clark, illus., 2 vols., $7.50.—Life of Ulysses
S. Grant, by Louis A. Coolidge, illus., $2.—General
Botha, the career and the man, by Harold Spender,
$2.—Portraits of Women, by Gamaliel Bradford,
illus., $2.50.—The Penny Piper of Saranac, Robert
Louis Stevenson at the Lake, by Stehen Chalmers,
with preface by Lord Guthrie, illus., 75 cts.—
Charles the Twelfth, Sweden's King, by John A.
Gade, illus., $2.50. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Romance of Isabel, Lady Burton, by herself and
W. H. Wilkins, illus., $3.50.—Memories of the
Fatherland, by Anne Topham, illus., $3.—-Famous
Painters of America, by J. Walker McSpadden,
illus., $2.—Mahomet, founder of Islam, by G. M.
Draycott, $3.—The Empress Eugenie and Her Son,
by Edward Legge, illus., $3.25.—The Last Days of
Archduke Rudolph, edited by Hamil Grant, illus.,
$3.—Fifty Years of a Londoner's Life, by H. G.
Hibbert, illus., $3.25.—Irishmen of Today, new
vols.: Sir Edward Carson, by St. John G. Ervine;
George Moore, by Susan Mitchell; '"A. E." (George
W. Russell), by Darrell Figgis; per vol., $1. (Dodd,
Mead & Co.)
EUa Flagg Young and a half-century of the Chicago
public schools, by John T. McManis, illus., $1.25.
(A. C. McClurg & Co.)
The Austrian Court from Within, by Princess
Catherine Radziwill, illus. in photogravure, $3.
—Cicero, a sketch of his life and works, bv Hannis
Taylor, illus., $3.50. (Frederick A. Stokes Co.)
A Country Chronicle, by Grant Showerman, illus.,
$1.50. (Century Co.)
The Making of an American, by Jacob Riis, new edi-
tion, with a preface by Theodore Roosevelt, illus.,
$1.50.—David Livingstone, by C. Silvester Home,
new edition, illus., $1.25. (Macmillan Co.)
The Wind of Destiny, an intimate picture of O.
Henry, by Sara Lindsay Coleman, limited edition,
$10.—An O. Henry Biography, by C. Alphonso
Smith, in 2 vols., $2.50.—Booker T. Washington,
by Lyman Beecher Stowe and Emmett J. Scott,
illus., $2. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
From the Deep Woods to Civilization, chapters in the
autobiography of an Indian, by Charles A. East-
man, illus., $2.—A New England Childhood, by
Margaret Fuller, $1.50.—A Little Book of Friends,
by Harriet Prescott Spofford, $1.25.—Four French
Statesmen, by William Morton Fullerton, $1.25.
(Little, Brown & Co.)
Rubens, the story of his life and work, by Louis
Hourticq, illus., $2.—In Seven Lands, by Ernest
H. Vizetelly, illus., $4.—Dante, by C. H. Grand-
gent, $1.50. (Duffield & Co.)
The Life and Times of Booker T. Washington, by
D. F. Riley, illus., $1.50.—Mrs. Percy V. Penny-
backer, an appreciation, by Helen Knox, illus., $1.
(Fleming H. Revell Co.)
Charles E. Hughes, the statesman, as shown in his
judicial opinions, by William L. Ransom, $1.50.—
Life and Letters of Dorothy Novell, edited by her
son.—Sporting Reminiscences, by Dorothy Conyers.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Recollections of an Alienist, by Dr. Allan McLane
Hamilton, illus., $3.50.—My Table-Cloths, a few
reminiscences, by Mrs. Alec-Tweedie, F.R.G.C.,
illus., $3.50.—In Spite of the Handicap, by Rev.
James D. Corrothers, illus., $1.25. (George H.
Doran Co.)
The Fighting Man, an autobiography, by William A.
Brady, with portraits, $1.50.—Charlie Chaplin's
Own'Story, illus., $1. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)


1916]
219
THE DIAL
Memoirs of M. Thiers, 1870-1873, trans, by F. M.
Atkinson, $2.50. (James Pott & Co.)
Russell H. Conwell, the man and his work, by Agnes
Rush Burr, $1. (John C. Winston Co.)
Leonardo da Vinci, by Sigmund Freud, authorized
trans, by A. A. Brill, $1.25. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Davis, soldier-missionary, by J. Merle Davis, illus.,
$1.50. (Pilgrim Press.)
Joseph Fels, his life-work, by Mary Fels, $1. (B. W.
Huebsch.)
Strindberg, the man, by Gustaf Uddgren, with pref-
ace and notes by Axel J. Uppvall, $1.25. (Four
Seas Co.)
The Heart of Washington, by Wayne Whipple, with
portrait, 50 cts.; leather, $1.25. (George W.
Jacobs & Co.)
The Early Life of Robert Southey, by William Haller.
—St. Jean de Crevecceur, by Julia Post Mitchell.—
The Book of the Popes, by Louise Ropes Loomis.
(Columbia University Press.)
Abraham Lincoln, by Brand Whitlock, illus. edition,
$1. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
Andrew Johnson as Military Governor of Tennessee,
by Clifton R. Hall. (Princeton University Press.)
Works of William Oughtred, by Florian Cajori, $1.
(Open Court Publishing Co.)
HISTORY.
Russia, Mongolia, China, A. D. 1214-1676, by John
F. Baddeley, limited edition, with photogravure
illustrations, $55.—The History of South Africa,
by George McCall Theal, 8 vols.—The Early
"History of Cuba, 1492-1586, by Irene A. Wright,
$2.—The Middle Group of American Historians,
by John Spencer Bassett, Ph.D., $1.50.—A History
of the Pacific Northwest, by Joseph Schaefer, Ph.D.
new edition, revised and rewritten, $1.50.—The
History of Colonization, by Henry C. Morris, new
edition, with preface and new chapter, 2 vols.—
The Pacific Ocean in History, edited by H. Morse
Stephens and Herbert E. Bolton.—The Founda-
tion and Growth of the British Empire, by J. H.
Morgan.—A Short History of the English People,
by John Robertson Green, with an epilogue by Mrs.
J. R. Green, continuing the history to the present
day. (Macmillan Co.)
The Successors of Drake, by Julian S. Corbett, LL.M.,
new and cheaper edition, illus., $3.50.—Ireland
under the Stuarts and during the Interregnum, by
Richard Bagwell, LL.D., Vol. III., 1660-1690, $5 —
Le Strange Records, by Hani on Le Strange, M.A.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Passing of a Great Race, by Madison Grant, with
foreword by Henry Fairfield Osborn, illus., $2.—
Original Narratives of Early American History,
new vol.: Early Narratives of the Northwest, by
Louise Phelps Kellogg, $3. net. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
Our Nation in the Building, by Helen Nicolay,
illus., $2.50.—The Golden Book of the Dutch
Navigators, by Hendrik Willem van Loon, illus.,
$2.50. (Century Co.)
National History of France, new vols.: The French
Revolution, by Louis Madelin; The Eighteenth
Century in France, by Casimir Stryienski; per
vol., $2.50.—American Debate, by Marion Mills
Miller, 2 vols., per vol., $2.—France, England, and
European Democracy, 1215-1917, by Charles Cestre,
$1.50.—Sweden and Denmark with Finland and
Iceland, by Jon Stefansson, illus., $1.50.—The
Fight for the Republic, an account of the signifi-
cant events in the War of Secession, by Rossiter
Johnson, illus., $1.75.—Aspects of Roman History,
by Thomas 8. Jerome. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Civilization of the Ancient Egyptians, by A.
Both well Gosse, $2.—Great Nations' Series, new
vols.: Scotland from the earliest times to the
present day, by R. L. Mackie; England from the
earliest times to the Great Charter, by Gilbert
Stone; each illus.,' per vol., $3.—The False Dmitri,
described by British eyewitnesses, 1604-1612,
edited, with preface, by Sonia E. Howe, illus.,
$2.—Nations' Histories, new vols.: Germany, by
W. T. Waugh; Japan, by F. H. Davis; Poland,
by G. E. Slocumbe; per vol., $1.25. (Frederick
A. Stokes Co.)
The Philippines to the end of the military regime,
by Charles Burke Elliott, illus., $3.50.—Alsace-
Lorraine, a study in conquest, by David Starr
Jordan, $1. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
The Mother of California, an historical sketch of
lower California, by Arthur Walbridge North, illus.,
$2. (Paul Elder & Co.)
Light and Shade in Irish History, by Tara.—-The
Private Correspondence of Lord Granville Leveson
Gower, 1781-1821, edited by Castalia, Countess
Granville, 2 vols. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Mississippi Valley in British Politics, by Clarence
W. Alvord, 2 vols., $10. (Arthur H. Clark Co.)
Modern Russian History, by Alexander Kornilov,
trans, from the Russian by Alexander S. Kaun,
2 vols., with maps, $5. (Alfred A. Knopf.)
The Balkan WarB, 1912-13, third edition, with intro-
duction on the Balkan situation, by Jacob Gould
Sclmrman. (Princeton University Press.)
The French Renascence, by Charles Sarolea, illus.,
$2. (James Pott & Co.)
Young India, an interpretation and a history of the
nationalist movement from within, by Lajpat Rai,
with portraits, $1.50. (B. W. Huebsch.)
The Book of Texas, by John A. Lomax and H. M.
Benedict. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Magna Carta, and Other Addresses, by William D.
Guthrie, $1.50.—The Purpose of History, by Fred-
erick J. E. Woodbridge, $1.—English Domestic
Relations, 1487-1653, by Chilton Latham Powell.—
The History of the Franks by Gregory Bishop
of Tours, by Ernest Brehaut. (Columbia Univer-
sity Press.)
Poland, its social and economic history, by A.
Zeleski and others, $3. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
An Outline History of China, by Herbert H. Gowen,
new revised edition, $1.75. (Sherman, French &
Co.)
The New Purchase, by Baynard Rush Hall, new edi-
tion, with introduction and notes by James A.
Woodburn.—Egyptian Records of Travel, Vol. II.,
by David Paton. (Princeton University Press.)
Some Cursory Remarks, made by James Birket in his
Voyage to North America, 1750-1751, $1. (Yale
University Press.)
The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815, by
Charles Downer Hazen, $2. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Intolerance in the Reign of Elizabeth, Queen of
England, by Arthur J. Klein, $2.—A Short History
of Poland, by Julia Swift OrviB, $1.50. (Houghton
Mifflin Co.)
British Colonial Policy, 1783-1915, by C. H. Currey.
(Oxford University Press.)
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mond Gilder, illus., $3.50.—Henry David Thoreau,
a critical study, by Mark Van Doren, with photo-
gravure frontispiece, $1.25.—How to Read, by J.


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Other Poems, by Vachel Lindsay; "General Booth


1916]
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THE DIAL
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trans, by Louise Morgan Sill, $1.50.—The Book


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day, by Mary Agnes Hamilton, $1.50.—The Snow


1916]
THE DIAL 223
Burner, by Henry Oyen, $1.25.-The Unknown Mr.
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$1.25. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)


224
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THE DIAL
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1916]
225
THE DIAL
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•226
[September 21
THE DIAL
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by Bertha Carr Rider, illus. (G. P. Putnam's
Sons.)


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The Enjoyment of Architecture, by Talbot F. Hamlin,
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Faith Justified by Progress, bv Henry Wilkes Wright,
Ph.D., $1.25. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)


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Jesus and the Christian Religion, by Francis A.
Henry, $2.50.—Buddha and the Gospel of Budd-
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Hinduism, the world ideal, by Harendranath Maitra,
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The Syrian Christ, by Abraham Mitrie Rhibany,
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ish and Hellenistic Religion, by William H. P.
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The Individuality of St. Paul, by R. H. Strachan,
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ETHICS.
Analytical Psychology, by C. G. Jung, edited and
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The Way, by James Porter Mills, $1.25.—What


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Right Thinking Will Do, by Christian D. Larson,
80 cts.—The Good Side of Christian Science, by
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The Kingdom of the Mind, by James M. Keniston,
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Your Right to Be Happy, by F. S. Van Eps, $1.
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The Contingency of the Laws of Nature, by Emile
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Documentary History of Yale University, edited by
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$1.75.—The Strawberry in North America, by S.
W. Fletcher, illus., $1.75.—The Rural Manual
Series, new vols.: A Manual of Fruit Diseases, by


230
[September 21
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Lex R. Hesler and Herbert H. Whetzel; The Prun-
ing Manual, by L. H. Bailey, eighteenth edition,
revised and reset; A Manual of Dairy Products, by
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$3.50.—The Encyclopedia of Agriculture and For-


1916]
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List of New Books.
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ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Sonnet* of Shakespeare. Variorium edition,
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pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. J6.
English Literature, from Widslth to the Death of
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$2.50.


232
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234
[September 21
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WIT AND ITS RELATION TO THE
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THE DIAL
3 jfortniBfjtlp Journal of TLitttatp Criticism, JDistcussion, anb Bnformation.
Vol. LXI.
OCTOBER 5, 1916
No. 716..
Contexts.
OUR CHANGING POETRY. Odell Shepard . 247
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. (Special
London Correspondence.) .7. C. Squire . 250
CASUAL COMMENT 252
One of the world's greatest thinkers.— The
cult of William Blake.— The shape of
Shakespeare's earth.— A silent lyre.— " The
mannerly Stevenson."—Bookselling to libra-
ries.— The odium of self-appointed censor-
ship.—Where "Ramonn" is the most popular
novel.
COMMUNICATIONS 255
Mr. George Moore's New Christ. W. E.
Chancellor.
Blake's Designs for "Night Thoughts."
J. Foster Howe.
The World of To-Morrow. Erving Winslow.
By Virtue of Form? John Gould Fletcher.
DIVERSIONS OF A DIPLOMAT. Percy F.
Bicknell 257
A STOREHOUSE OF MYTHOLOGY. Helen A.
Clarke 259
THE LIFE-STORY OF A REFORMER. Alex.
Mackendrick 262
A MASTER-MUSICIAN. Russell Ramsey . . 263
RUSSIA AND ITS POSSIBILITIES. Nathan
Haskell Dole 265
MORE TRANSLATIONS OF RUSSIAN FIC-
TION. Winifred Smith 267
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale .... 268
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 271
Two types of the present-day soldier.— A
Russian biography of Dostoievsky.— Two
new books about "a waning classic."— Crime
and the economic environment.— Impressions
of Rome.— Botha of South Africa.— The
eternal feminine in Charlotte Bronte.—
Through Latin America on foot.
NOTES AND NEWS 274
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL PUBLICA-
TIONS— H 275
TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODICALS . . .281
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 282
OUR CHANGING POETRY.
About one hundred years ago the poets of
Prance were smitten with a devastating
disease — megalomania. They came to feel
that the poet is the pinnacle of the social
fabric, the flower and crown of God's crea-
tion. To Victor Hugo the poet was half
prophet and half mage; to Madame de Stael
he was the spokesman of heaven; to Alfred
de Vigny he was alternately the chosen con-
fidant and the enraged antagonist of God.
These enthusiasts found not even a half-truth
in Malherbe's gruff remark: "A poet is of
about as much use to the State as a player
of ninepins." They saw man's only hope of
betterment in a religious attendance upon the
divine message of the poet-seer.
This doctrine of the poet's message had
lived for ages in the world and had done no
harm. It became pernicious only when sup-
ported by that sentimental humanitarianism
of the Romantic Era which, like all things
sentimental, was egoistic at the core. The
romantic poet, whether of France, Germany,
or England, eared supremely for himself. He
used this fiction of an altruistic mission as
one of the many veils and disguises in which
he cloaked his egoism. "My heart sickens."
says de Vigny, "when I consider how long
it takes for the idea of a solitary thinker to
penetrate to the hearts of the people." But
what "idea" has the lonely Messiah in mind
here? He is thinking of his own semi-auto-
biographical "Chatterton," and fearing that
its central theme — the brutally stupid treat-
ment of genius by envious mediocrity — will
not make a sufficiently overwhelming effect
upon the "vulgar."
This belief that the poet is God's messenger
to an ignorant and stiff-necked generation
filled Europe for a time with melancholy,
self-immolating Messiahs who naively and
quite sincerely gauged their own greatness on
the scale of their real or imagined woes. It
accounts for much of what is saddest and most
perplexing in the career of Shelley and for
nearly all that is clearest and most amus-
ing in the "Byron legend." Yet it was sud-


248
[October 5
THE DIAL
denly and almost completely abandoned when
it failed any longer to serve the poet's main
purpose of self-aggrandizement. Suddenly
we are told that art has nothing to do with
truth. Poetry cedes to science the didactic
robe and the prophet's wand, retaining for
•itself a purely decorative function. In the
years of slack and welter preceding Tennyson,
when the imposing if not always profound
philosophies of earlier romanticism were quite
abandoned, Byron dwindles into Barry
Cornwall and Shelley declines into Beddoes.
In place of Shelley's titan fronting an immor-
tality of torture to serve mankind — a figure
which, with all its cloudy grandeur, is only
the gigantic portrait of the man of genius
as painted by himself upon the sky — we get
the rather pitiful
World-losers and world-forsakers
On whom the pale moon gleams
of Arthur 0 'Shaughnessy. The poet no longer
pretends to any desire to uplift humanity.
Rather, he wishes to crowd it down beneath
his own level. Contemporaneous with the
rise of the middle classes and Sauerteig's
"hell of not making money" was the poet's
hell of not distinguishing himself. His best
efforts were put forth not in the service of
truth, not even in the quest for pure beauty,
but pour la gloire, et pour ennuyer les philis-
tins. He seems to have said to himself, in the
words of a recent parodist,
Come, my songs, let us sing about something;
It is time we were getting ourselves talked about.
There needs no digging into the past to
show how the poet set about this purely ego-
istic task. His methods are painfully
familiar to readers of contemporary verse.
To be incomprehensible, he thought in his
childlike way, would get him a reputation for
profundity. To be obscure would be to seem
elevated. He sought out novel emotions, pas-
sions, and ideas in far lands, in abnormal
psychology, in strange mixtures and confu-
sions of the senses, in strange mixtures and
confusions of the arts. He ransacked science
and magic for bizarre and horrible effects.
With a diabolic instinct for that which would
most bewilder his middle-class audience, he
treated vice and immorality in a sympathetic
or at least tolerant way. He enunciated the
sophism, to which his whole attack on the
parochial virtues seemed to give the lie, that
art has nothing to do with morality or with
truth. He invented the poisonous heresy of
"art for art's sake." In his life as in his
work, he strove to emphasize the divergence
between himself and the common herd. He
claimed exemption from the duties and
responsibilities of civil and domestic life.
"To think that the poet should be required to
stop in the middle of a stanza," exclaims
Charles Morice indignantly, "to go and com-
plete his twenty-eight days' training in the
army!" The poet insisted that genius made
laws unto itself. He would have his conduct
tried by a code of his own framing, very
elastic and vague even in his own mind.
Grocers and mechanics paid their debts, there-
fore he would not. Artisans and laborers
were rational, methodical, law-abiding. He
would be capricious, spasmodic, riotous. More
than for anything else he sought for novelty,
which he confused with originality and which
is as easy to secure as it is trivial and value-
less when secured. In his search for novelty,
he ignored or defied the tradition of his art
in theme, manner, and form. He had derived
from his romantic ancestry the fixed convic-
tion that the poet should not know much, that
he should be the creature and the prey of
emotion, that he should have no theories.
Grammarians are learned: the poet should be
ignorant or at least an obscurantist. Mathe-
maticians use the reasoning faculties: the
poet should succumb to rudderless emotion.
Politicians have theories: the poet should
"write on the lintels of the door post,
Whim." As a sure receipt for novelty in
his art, the poet should be in his own person
a creature unprecendented and unique.
In the fulness of time appeared as a Paris-
ian poet an astonishingly irrational person
who yet had unmistakable genius, a creature
who seemed to have in common with normal
humanity only the broken body and five senses
which he abused, a lecher and vagabond who
roused himself between fits of drunken slum-
ber to scribble on dirty cafe menu-cards songs
ribald and foul or lyrics of the sweetest and
most fragile beauty, according as the mood
found him. For there was room in some quiet
and unsullied corner of his heart for an angel
that discoursed most excellent music. The
puddle of filth was clear enough to reflect a
star. Paul Verlaine was the culmination of
his type. In his generation and after it,
debauchery was thought almost as necessary
an accompaniment and criterion of genius as


1916]
249
THE DIAL
was mysterious sadness during the reign of
Byron. The divorce of imagination from
reason, the breach between beauty and real-
ity, had brought about this result: the fore-
most poet in Paris was a man who stood in
equal need of a hospital, an insane asylum,
and a jail.
Gradually the poet came to realize that he
had gone too far. After all, his effort had
been from the first little more than an elabor-
ate posturing before the world — a little boy-
ish, a little pitiful, more than a little weak.
From the first, it depended for success upon
what the world might think of it. The public
felt instinctively that true greatness must be
broadly based upon a common humanity and
that in any poetic message worth attending to
we somehow hear the voices of the millions
supporting the voice of the one. For all the
stupidity of which it was accused, the public
understood that there was something vaguely
wrong with these men who claimed to repre-
sent humanity because, forsooth, they were
unique. Accordingly, the poet discovered, in
the midst of his attitudes, that the world was
not paying attention. The public, that had
listened at first with some concern to his
tirades of morbid pride and self-pity, looked
on with amusement and at last with indiffer-
ence as he wandered farther and farther into
deliberate eccentricity. Finally it went away
and ignored him altogether, and he found
himself acting before an empty theatre. In
shuddering chagrin he retired into his palace
of art,— first to work, then to dream, and
finally to weep.
Then began anew that morbid praise of
solitude which seems to be an integral phase
of the romantic mood and which usually
amounts to a dispraise of society. But soli-
tude is, in reality, a thing that the egoist
cannot endure. "He who can bear to live in
solitude must be either a wild beast or a god,"
says a wise ancient, and the egoist is neither
of these. In his apparent and studied indif-
ference to opinion, he had increased his
dependence upon opinion beyond all bounds.
And now, in his enforced retirement, there
came upon him pessimism, sterility, and dis-
gust,— indubitable signs of bankruptcy and
defeat.
Here, then, and in something like this way,
although the process of course differed widely
from one individual and from one nation to
another, was completed that breach between
the artist and his public which has lasted now
for several generations, to the impoverish-
ment of art and public alike. The poet has
suspected something wrong when he has
stumbled upon popularity in his own time.
And he is not entirely in error, for the public
has learned to look to science for truth; from
art, like Shakespeare's Theseus, it expects
only relaxation and refined amusement. The
poetry to which it continues to give some
yawning attention is likely to be sickly with
sentimentality or else a glorification of the
obvious domestic virtues, if not of mere vul-
garity.
Unfortunately, our current and popular
critical impressions draw from no source
more remote than the very movement that
has just been hastily traced. As a result, the
common notion of a poet, even to-day, is that
of a pallid, lonely, lugubrious person who
neither finds nor seeks a place in active life
and who puzzles a preoccupied world with
unsolicited exposures of his own strange and
recondite woes. It requires a literary scholar-
ship beyond the ordinary to realize that the
important poets of the world have been, with
few exceptions, resolute and cheerful souls
busily engaged in the common affairs of life,
delighting in wholesome relations with real
men and women.
But there is excellent reason to suppose that
this fixed conviction of the popular mind no
longer holds good. This whole teaching and
belief that the poet is a very exceptional per-
son compact of excellent differences from the
mass of men belonged primarily to a school
of writers which died out in France many
years ago. In England it is dying linger-
ingly, with the last of the "aesthetes." In
America, which sometimes seems to be the
catch-all of assorted European ideas, it still
drags about a crippled, anaemic existence. A
mountain stage-driver once said to me, point-
ing to one of the four horses upon which my
life depended, "That there hoss is dead, but
he ain't got sense enough to lay down." We
still have, for our sins, some writers of verse
among us who confuse a deliberately erratic
individualism with genius and who flaunt
their contempt for all forms of restraint
under the name of liberty. There are not a
few who mistake the convulsive throes and
death-rattle of the old for the mother-pangs
of some wonderful new birth. All this has
happened before and is easily understood. It


250
[October 5
THE DIAL
can do harm only as it helps to perpetuate
among those who should know better a certain
intolerance of contemporary poetry.
The fact is that already certain strong
fresh voices, both in England and America,
are beginning to shame the laggards into
silence. The poetry that really counts to-day
—and it is certainly not too soon to affirm
one's conviction that there is such a poetry—
is devoid of shallow egoism. It has little of
the morbid self-analysis that has poisoned so
much poetry of the immediate past at its
source. It is returning from the novelty-
hunting vagaries of other years to the broad
C major of our common life.
Our tardy recognition of this sound and
forward-looking poetry is due in no small
degree to our lack of a reliable criticism
which might have apprised us of its existence.
For in spite of the still prevalent charge of
Alexandrianism against our time, criticism is
in a far worse plight with us than poetry. On
the one hand we are perplexed and antag-
onized by a shallow and facile "appreciation"
that proclaims a masterpiece in three out of
every five volumes of verse that fall from the
press. On the other hand we are chilled and
intimidated by a pococurantic criticism which
reveals its academic origins in a somewhat
supercilious attitude toward the present —
and which seems convinced, with the melan-
choly Frenchman, that "all the verses are
written." Poet and public get little guid-
ance from either.
Meanwhile, and for the present, the old
decadent voices are louder than ever. Their
swan-song is strangely unmelodious. It is
difficult indeed to find any promise for the
future in the heat and dust of the hour. All
the more need, then, of a criticism at once
sympathetic and rigorous, at once hospitable
and sound. Granted that criticism of one's
contemporaries is most difficult and hazard-
ous, it is far from impossible. It provides,
indeed, as Sainte-Beuve saw, the supreme test
of any critical theory, of any critical powers.
More than this, it has the great advantage
over any criticism of the past that it may make
poetry available to the very generation out
of which it has grown and to which it is
primarily addressed. More and more cer-
tainly and confidently year by year a few
poets, not as yet the greater number or the
best known, are doing their part, performing
the indispensable service of keeping a-gleam,
in a time of terror and eclipse, some light of
the ideal. Constantly greater, therefore,
grows the need of a criticism aware and rev-
erent of the old things but fearless and alert
to face and greet the new, a criticism able to
winnow what is moribund and tottering to its
fall from that which is fresh and of the dawn.
For each age is a dream that is dying
Or one that is coming to birth.
Odell Shepard.
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
Twenty years ago Mr. George Moore's
Biblical story, "The Brook Kerith," would
have created an uproar. Bishops would have
preached sermons against it. Town Councils
would have passed resolutions excluding it
from their libraries. Parish priests would
have publicly burnt it. And all the daily and
weekly papers would have been full of con-
troversies about it, in which the words "blas-
phemy" and "obscurantism" and the phrases
"defiler of sacred things" and "untrammelled
freedom of human thought" would have been
worked very hard. But twenty years of
extravagant language about every established
thing in heaven and earth have done their
work. The bishops stand helpless, like Virgil's
peasant who saw the flood sweeping away
trees, animals, and buildings, and refrain,
except on rare occasions, from protest. "Un-
trammelled freedom," in this and most depart-
ments of discussion, is enjoyed and sometimes
even abused without question; and Mr.
Moore's engaging theory that our Lord did
not die on the Cross but was taken down
alive and went into a monastery, whilst
St. Paul built up a church on a monstrous
great lie, has been received with lamblike
mildness. The book, which Mr. Moore (let
us hope, mendaciously) says will be his last,
is about the most perfectly written of all his
works; but the subject is quietly, almost
solemnly, treated; and even the supreme
interests of the events dealt with and the
unorthodoxy of Mr. Moore's approach do not
make it exciting reading. The most striking
thing about it is its cover, which looks like the
cover of a ledger with a paper label stuck on.
It is not an altogether successful experiment
in binding, but it is at least an experiment,
and the publisher has obviously thought about
it. The binding of ordinary English books
is certainly improving, but many English pub-
lishers still do not bother about the task of
their bindings at all, or else lay themselves


1916]
251
THE DIAL
out to appeal to the vulgarest taste. In
America things appear to me to be, if any-
thing, worse. Bad colors and debased letter-
ing are predominant. I got one American
novel the other day, the publisher of which
had ornamented the cover with huge lower-
case letters all tumbling different ways. Per-
sonally, I should advise every author who is
at all concerned about the appearance of his
books to thrust his views on his publisher
before publication. It is very comic to see (as
ope often does) books advocating the regen-
eration of public taste, the diffusion of Art,
etc., etc., coming out in ugly type and within
the vilest covers.
The two most conspicuous novels announced
for the autumn are Mr. Arnold Bennett's
"The Lion's Share" and Mr. H. G. Wells's
"Mr. Britling Sees It Through." The latter
has, I believe, been serialized on your side;
here, it is still running in "The Nation,"
which, being an ordinary sixpenny weekly,
cannot give up a great deal of space to each
instalment, and has been issuing it for some
considerable time. But the announcement of
the volume shows that Mr. Britling's efforts to
see things through are doomed to failure this
journey. When Mr. Wells began the book he
may have thought that its termination could
be neatly arranged to coincide with the end
of Armageddon. But though the French
general who said that the first five years of
the war would be the worst was perhaps
unduly pessimistic, it still promises to tax
Mr. Britling's endurance for some time
longer; and Mr. Wells may, later on, feel
called upon to add a sequel,— "Mr. Britling
Really Does See It Through."
The autumn's poetry will be more than
usually interesting. Mr. Walter de la Mare,
one of the finest of the younger writers, has
a new book in the press; Mr. W. H. Davies
is issuing a volume of selections from his three
hundred lyrics. And there are at least two
interesting volumes of "Collected Poems."
One will be somewhat small: that of Mr.
Ralph Hodgson, author of "The Gull" and
"The Song of Honour." Mr. Hodgson was the
last recipient of the Poliquac Prize, an award
of £100 given annually to the writer who has
(in the opinion of the Academic Committee
of the Royal Society of Literature — the
nearest thing we have to the French Acad-
emy) written the most promising new book of
prose or verse. He is a poet of very restricted
output, and has only managed to publish a
few dozen poems in leisure hours snatched
from the cultivation of bull-terriers. But
almost everything he has done is equal to his
best. At the end of this month Mr. Seeker
will publish (I may as well explain that I
have edited this volume myself) the "Collected
Poems" of the late James Elroy Flecker. A
friend of Rupert Brooke's, Flecker went to
both Oxford and Cambridge, then worked in
the Consular service in Turkey and Syria, and
died in Switzerland twenty months ago at
the age of thirty. His was a great loss.
He combined enthusiasm for life with the most
painstaking craftsmanship; and the degree of
promise that his consumption cut short can
be perceived by anyone who goes through the
poems chronologically and observes the rapid
and continuous improvement in technique and
strengthening of imagination. Some of his
poems, such as "The Golden Journey to
Samarkand," became popular during his life-
time; but the body of good work that he left
behind is much larger than is generally
known. His published works included,
besides several books of verse, a novel, some
fantastic short stories, a dialogue on education
(called "The Grecians"), and an Italian
grammar. A play, "Hassan," and another
play on "Don Juan" remain unpublished.
Mr. Maurice Hewlett is about to issue a
long poetical chronicle, "The Hodjiad," which
traces the history of the English peasantry
from the time when Britain first arose from
out the azure main until the close of the
present war, when the rural soldiers will
return from the trenches with a strong con-
viction that something ought to be done for
them. A propagandist conclusion to such a
poem may certainly be excused. Mr. Hewlett,
who, unlike many popular novelists, is not
content to go on imitating his own past suc-
cesses, is also translating the Iliad. Trans-
lating Homer has long been popular with
English poets, and even with English politi-
cians. From Chapman to William Morris,
scores of men have tried to produce something
like the original, and each has done no more
than convey some of its aspects to his own
contemporaries. Pope's couplets are now as
out of fashion as Cowper's mild Miltonics.
Mr. Hewlett's medium is a very free and
elastic blank verse. Selecting the nearest
thing to an equivalent of the Homeric
hexameter is the first and greatest difficulty.
1 know one man who has been at the Iliad
for ten years. He started by doing sixteen
books in rhymed couplets. Then he tore
those up and got almost as far in Dante's
terza rima. Then he changed his mind once
more, and fell back on blank verse, in which
he was still embedded when he last wrote to
me. Men will go on; for it seems feeble to
have to admit that the best translation of


252
[October 5
THE DIAL
Homer we have is the prose version by
Butcher, Lang, and Leaf.
Possibly there will be less of this transla-
tion in the future. For it is obvious that
after this war the assault on the teaching of
Latin and Greek will be resumed. The
apostles of all the physical sciences are wait-
ing to spring. "We are going to be told louder
than ever that chemistry, biology, geology,
zoology, morphology, pathology, and the rest
of the numerous company (most of which, by
an irony, have Greek names) are what the
modern world requires; and that the study of
humane letters never taught anybody how to
make aniline dyes, turbines, Zeppelins, or
poison gas. It is to be hoped that in the
future those who appreciate the value of
studies which have some relation to the mind
and soul of man will not idiotically concen-
trate, as they have so often done in the past,
on the mere affirmation of the inestimable
value of a compulsory smattering of the clas-
sics to the ordinary man. If they have
any sense they will shift their ground to the
much more defensible trenches of history and
English literature,— recognizing, at the same
time, that even the physical sciences (though
they themselves have been in the habit of
calling them, generically, "stinks") have their
place in an educational scheme. The English
are a nation of extremists. j q Squire
London, Sept. 22, 1916.
CASUAL COMMENT.
One of the world's greatest thinkers
has passed in the death of Josiah Royce. Some
of his associates in philosophy called him
unreservedly the greatest thinker America
has produced. William James referred to him
repeatedly as his master, despite his own con-
siderable seniority in years, and noted
scholars of other lands were glad to sit at his
feet. The outline of his life — his birth in
California nearly sixty-one years ago, his edu-
cation at the University of California, Johns
Hopkins, Leipzig, and Gottingen, his long ser-
vice as teacher of philosophy at Harvard, his
lectures at home and abroad, and his numer-
ous honors from institutions x>f learning —
hardly needs rehearsal here. The early rip-
ening of his genius and the tone of authority
that marks even his first books are noteworthy.
One of Edward Rowland Sill's letters of
nearly forty years ago makes favorable men-
tion of young Royce, who for a while was
assistant to Sill in the English department
at the University of California. But Har-
vard, ever on the watch for promising talent
in whatsoever quarter, soon called him east-
ward, and from that time he rose rapidly to
prominence in the world of philosophy, win-
ning for himself a foremost place among the
exponents of absolute idealism, and of late
years commanding a more general hearing by
his advocacy of "loyalty," of faithfulness to
a high and pure ideal of conduct. "The Phil-
osophy of Loyalty" is among the best and
the most widely read of his books. "War
and Insurance," written soon after the out-
break of hostilities in Europe, is his contribu-
tion toward the problem created by the
immeasurable destructiveness of modern war-
fare. Other noted works of his are "The
Religious Aspect of Philosophy," "The Spirit
of Modern Philosophy" (a really entrancing
book to the reflective reader), "The World
and the Individual," "Studies of Good and
Evil," and the Bross lectures on "The Sources
of Religious Insight." He wrote, too, with
admirable sympathy, of his one-time col-
league, Professor William James, and gave
in handy form an estimate and a review of
Herbert Spencer. Curiously enough, this
thinker whom few among general readers
could honestly profess to understand and
enjoy, tried his hand at fiction and produced
one novel, "The Feud of Oakfield Creek,"
published twenty-nine years ago. It is, as it
could not have failed to be, logically con-
structed and clearly written; and it is also
interesting. An early "History of California,"
in the "American Commonwealths" series, is
another of his works outside the domain of
philosophy. As a public speaker he never
failed to be impressive, and probably his most
impressive platform utterance was his late
eloquent protest, at Tremont Temple in
Boston, against the spirit of inhumanity exem-
plified in the sinking of the "Lusitania."
The cult of William Blake is so widely
at variance, so grotesquely at variance, one
might say, with the aims and ideals that seem
to be moving the world in this ninetieth year
after his death, that attention must be
arrested by the recent meeting, at Brighton,
England, of those Blake enthusiasts who have
constituted themselves the Blake Society and
are doing noble work in trying to keep alive
Blake's spirit and arouse interest in his work
as poet, painter, and mystic. A clipping from
the Brighton "Herald" comes to hand,
through the kindness of a member of the
society, with an account of the proceedings at
this meeting, including the substance of two
addresses,— one from the Mayor of Brighton,
the other from Mr. J. Foster Howe, a vice


1916]
253
THE DIAL
president of the society. A few words from
Mr. Howe's paper, which was the "feature"
of the occasion, as the reporter would phrase
it, may serve to convey something of the spirit
of this small but hopeful band of apostles.
•'In Blake we see the marvellous powers of
the mind exercised not upon mere fanciful
subjects of comparative unimportance, such
as are ordinarily attributed to the imaginative
faculty, but upon the great fundamental
realities of life, death, and immortality. His
mind seems to have been opened in a more
than ordinary degree to that which is above
and beyond this merely transitory stage of
things." As Wordsworth once said of him,
"there is something in the madness of this
man that interests more than the sanity of
Lord Byron and Walter Scott." A reawak-
ening of this interest at this time can surely
be no cause for regret.
The shape of Shakespeare's earth is not
precisely known. Whether he conceived our
planet to be a perfect sphere, or an oblate
spheroid, or cylindrical in pattern, or of the
form of a cheese, who shall say? But he
surely was not a believer in a flat earth. Yet
a few days ago a prominent journal — let a
charitable silence veil its name — printed this
astonishing assertion from its London literary
correspondent: "Shakespeare believed in a
square earth like most of his generation, so
far as we know." But we know very well that
Shakespeare made his Puck promise to "put
a girdle round about the earth in forty min-
utes." Moreover, his contemporary, Chapman,
used almost the same phrase when he wrote,
"To put a girdle round about the world."
Were they girdling a "square earth" in this
bit of imagery? Granted that neither
Shakespeare nor Chapman could have known
anything about the canals of Mars or the
existence of Uranus and Neptune, yet that
either of them could have conceived of the
earth as rectangular almost a century after
its first circumnavigation is highly improb-
able.
• • •
A silent lyre, too early silent, and not
soon to be touched again by so light and sure
a hand as that which once swept its strings,
is that of Frank Dempster Sherman, who died
on the nineteenth of September in his fifty-
seventh year. Though the teaching of archi-
tecture was the vocation that claimed his more
serious attention, it was his avocation as poet
that brought him enviable fame. His facility
and fecundity in light verse assure him a
place among those whom he himself has sung,
— "the lords of rhyme from Homer's down
to Dobson's time." With Dobson, of course,
rather than with Homer he will be ranked,
and there is an unmistakable nearness of
kinship between these two masters of the short
and graceful lyric. Even in his student days
at Columbia, as the writer of this well remem-
bers, Sherman's contributions of verse to his
college paper attracted more than local atten-
tion; and it was no surprise to see him after-
ward quickly make a name for himself in
the larger world with his pen. It is strange
to relate of one thus gifted that he excelled
also as an expert genealogist and as an accom-
plished mathematician. A fondness for archi-
tecture, which he taught at Columbia for
nearly three decades, is easily intelligible in
a poet; but the tracing of pedigrees and the
manipulation of numerals do not so manifestly
appeal to the poetic imagination. Among
Sherman's best-known bits of verse will be
recalled the lines beginning, "Give me the
room whose every nook is dedicated to a book"
— lines that excellently describe the charms
of the library — and also, perhaps, the apos-
trophe to Fancy, which ends:
Is there any magic lure
That will win you quick and sure?
Is there any fetter strong
That will hold you, soul of songf
Tell me, Fancy, so that I
May not let you slip me by.
"The mannerly Stevenson," as Mrs.
Wyatt Eaton says she has heard him called
(see her book, "A Last Memory of Stevenson,"
noticed on another page), charmed by the
very unconventionality of his instinctive
gentlemanliness, and demonstrated in his
sometimes grotesquely-clad person the truth of
Spenser's saying that "A man by nothing is
so well betrayed as by his manners." Fur-
ther particulars of Stevenson's appearance
and bearing are to be noted through Mrs.
Eaton's minutely observing eyes. "His hands
were of the psychic order, and were of marble
whiteness, save the thumb and first finger of
the right hand, that were stained from con-
stant cigarette rolling — for he was an invet-
erate smoker — and had the longest fingers I
have ever seen on a human being; they were,
in fact, part of his general appearance of
lankiness, that would have been uncanny, but
for the geniality and sense of iien etre that
he gave off. His voice, low in tone, had an
endearing quality in it, that was almost like
a caress. He never made use of vernacular-
isms and was without the slightest Scotch
accent; on the contrary, he spoke his English
like a world citizen, speaking a universal


254
[October 5
THE DIAL
tongue, and always looked directly at the per-
son spoken to." Very interesting and
unusual, as well as attractive, must have been
the combination in Stevenson of a certain
courtliness that bespoke the "world citizen"
with those opposite characteristics of his that
marked the solitary and the dreamer. Charm-
ing all by his mere presence, he yet avoided
society and shrank, not from "the great
unwashed," as he was wont to declare, but
from "the great washed."
Bookselling to libraries has come to be
recognized by the trade as not richly remun-
erative in direct returns expressed in dollars
and cents, so keen is the librarian in his quest
for the very lowest of low competitive prices;
and therefore more than one dealer has ceased
to solicit library orders. But there are
indirect advantages connected with the mod-
estly-paid business of catering to libraries.
Books that would not otherwise pass through
the dealer's hands come into his shop and
serve as samples for the securing of many an
occasional order that brings him good profit
and that would have escaped him under other
conditions. The librarian, too, is not unwill-
ing to turn custom in the direction of one
who has served him fairly and honorably in
the filling of orders; and the mere display of
current literature on the library shelves serves
as an advertisement from which the one who
supplied that literature stands a chance of
profiting in subsequent private sales. Much
has been written and still more has been orally
uttered on the subject of library book-buying
and library discounts, and much more will
doubtless be written and uttered; but not
until its recent appearance in the "Bulletin"
of the American Booksellers' Association have
we had knowledge of the novel plan by which,
if it should go into effect, library orders would
be filled by the publisher directly, while he
would soothe the feelings of the neglected
local bookseller by presenting him with a ten-
per-cent commission, if it may be so called,
on all such sales. The scheme involves obvious
difficulties, and there will be no cause for sur-
prise if it does not speedily demonstrate its
practicability. t m .
The odium op self-appointed censorship
may and often does more than counterbalance
the justness of an adverse criticism, espe-
cially when the criticism has to do with the
delicate question of decency, or moral purity.
That we see only what we have eyes to see,
that we find in a book only what we find in
ourselves, is a truth that may well deter one
from advertising one's discoveries of alleged
indecency in a writer's pages. And so it is
that the present censorious assaults upon Mr.
Theodore Dreiser are quite as likely to work
injury to the assailants as to Mr. Dreiser;
more likely, in fact. In a brief and well-con-
sidered protest from the Authors' League
against "the efforts now being made to destroy
the work of Theodore Dreiser," it may be
that these efforts are taken too seriously, and
that the fear expressed lest they "do great
damage to the freedom of letters in the United
States" is groundless; but there is some truth
in the assertion that "the method of the
attack, with its attempt to ferret out blas-
phemy and indecency where they are not, and
to condemn a serious artist under a law
aimed at common rogues, is unjust and
absurd." A general protest on the part of
writers is asked for against "interference by
persons who, by their own statement, judge
all books by narrow and impossible stand-
ards," and a plea is made for "such amend-
ments to the existing laws as will prevent such
persecutions in future." Mr. Harold Hersey,
33 West 42d Street, New York, is sending
out copies of this protest for signature by
American writers. After all, there is a
humorous aspect to this whole affair, serious
though it be in the eyes of the Authors'
League; and Mr. Dreiser will not be the last.
person to see it. His books are receiving the
best imaginable free advertising, as his next
semi-annual check for royalties will very
agreeably prove to him.
• • •
Where "Ramona" is the most popular
novel need not puzzle any reader of the book
to determine very quickly. California, the
scene of the romance, is naturally the region
where its hold on readers shows least sign of
slackening. At Redlands, for example, a
city of about ten thousand inhabitants, it
requires fifteen or more copies of the book to
supply the constant demand at the public
library. We say advisedly "fifteen or more,"
for though fifteen have been bought by the
library, the librarian reports the book scarcely
ever "in," and four copies have been read
to pieces and thrown away. This excellent
romance, it is further announced by the same
authority, is now going (or already has gone)
to press for its seventy-seventh edition, which
means that it has run through an average of
more than two editions each year since its
first appearance thirty-three years ago; and
the number of copies put into circulation
reaches the grand total of three million eight
hundred thousand.


1916]
255
THE DIAL
COMMUNICATIONS.
MR. GEORGE MOORE'S NEW CHRIST.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Three questions are involved in the case of "The
Brook Kerith," by Mr. George Moore, so intelli-
gently and preseiently reviewed in your latest
issue. First, is it defensible as art to seize upon
an historical character of high importance and
deliberately to transform that character T So much
as this is true that the Jesus of the New Testament
is not the Jesus of this piece of literary work.
The motives involved in this falsification are so
obvious and so reprehensible as to create at once
a prejudice against the fabrication. And a preju-
dice against anything assuming to be an art-prod-
uct is evidence against its claims to merit.
It is bad enough to seize upon an historical
character and then for the purposes of fiction to
set forth its logical development outside the realm
of reality. But this is another case.
The second question raised by the novel is
whether or not an offense has been committed
against the truth. If Jesus as presented in the
New Testament is not essential truth, then Chris-
tianity is false and should perish; for in any
warfare between a religion and truth, the religion
must and should fail. But by various devices
aiming at verisimilitude, the novelist in "The
Brook Kerith" assumes the falsity of the ancient
documents, thereby begging the question involved.
Now this question happens to be a critical one to
individuals and to mankind; for if the Jesus of
the Scriptures is essentially false, then every part
of the Christian civilization founded upon this
falsity must ultimately fail. The tremendous
import of this proposition is such as to lift it
out of the field of fiction into that of science in
its most serious mood.
This reflection forces one into the disposition
to inquire whether the novelist is intellectually
competent for the task assumed. It takes more
than even Odysseus to bend this bow. We are
now asking once more: Which is more incompre-
hensible, that some writers should have invented
Jesus or that he was what he said he wast Here
opens the twenty-centuries controversy, into which
Mr. George Moore has thrown his frail contribu-
tion.
The third question is, why any novelist should
consider the religious mind as fair game. The
orthodox believer, for whatever reason, from
whatever instinct, in whatever his circumstances
of life, is a very familiar figure because of his
compounding of the apparently diverse qualities
of positive convictions and of quick and often
extreme sensitiveness. The one result of such a
novel is to harden his heart against all novels,
good and bad. There are millions of Christian
believers who never open a novel because they
fear to come upon things of this kind. Thereby
the market for novels is greatly limited; and
what is far worse, many a truly great and good
book goes unread by the orthodox.
Unreasonable t Not in the least. There are tens
of thousands of good books not novels. Not only
so, but a very large number of orthodox believers
who will never read novels are readers of more
or less scientific books that search the foundations
of Christianity. A serious man inquiring for truth
has a dignity whence he derives the right to be
considered. But the man of imagination and
sentiment invading carelessly and wantonly a world
beyond his range and powers can but bring his
own performances into such questions as are here
raised. ,
The person of Jesus is no more available prop-
erty for inventive novel-writing than is a cathedral
a suitable theatre for vaudeville. And the novel-
producer who does not see this is as much to be
pitied as is the man who is color-blind in a world
of beauty. w E Chancellob>
College of Wooster, Ohio, September 28,1916.
BLAKE'S DESIGNS FOR YOUNG'S "NIGHT
THOUGHTS."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In Gilchrist's "Life of William Blake" (page
136) there is a reference to the 537 designs made
by Blake in illustration of Young's "Night
Thoughts," which were at that time in the posses-
sion of Mr. Bain of the Haymarket, London.
Forty-three of these designs were published on
this side, but I understand that the remaining 494
drawings were sold to America some years ago.
Can any of your readers inform me if these latter
have ever been published, and in whose hands
they now aret It is the wish of our recently-
formed Blake Society, of which I am a Vice-
President, to cooperate in the publication of these
designs, if such work is contemplated, and to be
brought into communication with their present
owner.
J. Foster Howe.
Fairhaven, Lewes, England, September 16,1916.
THE WORLD OF TO-MORROW.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
It may be assumed that the kind of "discussion"
proper to your columns should be postulated upon
the literary treatment of subjects rather than upon
the subjects themselves, historical, philosophical,
or political. But where a critic takes occasion to
use an author's text for the enforcement of his
own views upon a tremendous practical issue, it
may be permitted, perhaps, in the way of dissem-
inating "information"—another specification of
your programme — to point out how the views of
the author and his critic are actually being pro-
moted. Mr. H. G. Wells (whose counsel to the
Germans, that the continuance of the war would
be unlikely if they would overthrow the Hohen-
zollern dynasty, should have been embodied in
tracts dropped into Berlin by aviators) is all for
a frank definition of issues and the creation of
conditions based on principles of international
justice, that hatreds and jealousies may die out.
Meeting the vagueness of the "pacifist, the per-
petuated menace of preparedness, and the perma-
nent militarism of the "League to Enforce Peace,"'
we of the Free Trade League ought to win the


256
[October 5
THE DIAL
approval of Mr. Wells and his reviewer in our
propaganda of "free exchanges" as the best basis
of world peace.
Leaders in the nations now engaged in the great
European war have lately put forth certain
schemes for new tariff enactments, or business
international boycotts, to be brought into force
after the close of the war, thus inaugurating a
great economic struggle, involving losses and dis-
asters which might in the end prove to be greater
than those that have resulted from the conflict of
arms. On the contrary, we should look forward
to the evolution of a real international spirit.
The governments of the world are increasingly
coming under the control of the peoples them-
selves, and these peoples must be aroused to a
sense of the truth that their interests, their wel-
fare, and their safety can be secured only through
civilized international relations. The settlement
that will bring about an assured peace will not
be secured through the action of the rulers or of
M empire-builders. It must be the work of repre-
sentatives of the people, of upholders of demo-
cratic principles, of men ready to work for the
.service of mankind. Here is a plain duty,— to
arouse public opinion in the United States in
support of the contention that protection is itself
a form of war, that war brings about an extreme
application of protection, and that freedom of
trade constitutes an essential factor towards secur-
ing and maintaining the peace of the world. Thus
may our influence and our example be utilized,
in the settlement that is to follow this war, towards
breaking down the protective barriers between
nations,— barriers which do so much to create
prejudice and to bring about the irritations that
have too often resulted in war. The fullest possi-
ble interchange between peoples of the world, not
only of goods but of ideas, ideals, and human
sympathy, constitutes the essential foundation for
such a world's federation as is the hope of all
who are striving for the higher principles of
civilization and of humanity.
Ebving Winslow.
Boston, Mass., September 26, 1916.
BY VIRTUE OF FORMT
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In your issue of August 15, Mr. H. E. Warner
comes to the conclusion that free verse is prose,
"generally speaking, spite of protest," and that
"poetry, good or bad, is poetry by virtue of its
form," by which he apparently means the rhymed
stanza form. He slides over the blank-verse diffi-
culty by remarking that "blank verse is the easiest
of all, and except in a few hands, the least satis-
factory." "Rhyme adds wonderfully to the effect
and also to the difficulty. It is a dull ear, never-
theless, that does not find an increase of beauty
in this complexity," etc.
It is useless to argue with a critic of this sort.
If poetry is such by virtue of its form, primarily,
and if the complexity of the form means an
increase of beauty, then de Banville's pantoums
and Andrew Lang's double ballades are the highest
poetry we possess. And if the sonnet is a "form
of intrinsic beauty," "a gem not a prize squash,"
why is it that in the next breath, Mr. Warner
admits that the perfect sonnet does not exist f
No sane architectural critic would dare to sug-
gest that because of its wonderful complexity of
pattern designing, the Alhambra was the finest
building in the world; no musical critic would
hold Josquin des Pres the greatest of composers,
because he wrote double canons and triple fugues;
no critic of painting would hold that a Persian
enamelled tile was better art than Titian's
"Bacchanal." Are we to apply the same standard
to poetry that has been applied to other arts for
centuries 1 or are we to go on classifying poetry
as something artificial, remote, useless, and diffi-
cult, like chess-playing f
I pass over Mr. Warner's feeble attempt to
analyze the substance of certain vers libre poets,
and once again, come to grips with him on this
matter of form. Like all critics of his stamp, he
tries the well-worn device of printing poetry as
prose, and prose as poetry, declaring that the
lines in each case might be variously divided.
Here is another case of the same thing in which
similarly, as he might say, the lines can be
divided variously:
The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,
burned on the water; the hoop was beaten gold,
purple the sails, and so perfumed that the winds were
lovesick with them, the oars were silver, which to the
tune of flutes kept stroke and made the water which
they beat to follow faster as amourous of their
strokes. For her own person, it beggared all descrip-
tion; she did lie in her pavilion — cloth-of-gold of
tissue — o'er picturing that Venus where we see the
fancy outwork Nature; on each side her stood
pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids with divers-
colored fans, whose wind did seem to glow the deli-
cate cheeks which they did cool, and what they undid,
did.
Will Mr. Warner please answer plainly the
plain question: Is that prose, or poetryf
John Gould Fletcher.
■ London, England, September 18, 1916.
Among the forthcoming books of Messrs. G. P.
Putnam's Sons is a problem play by Rose Pastor
Stokes, in which the question is raised and
answered whether, even though there be the most
compelling reason for marriage, with disgrace as
the alternative, a man and a woman have the moral
right to enter matrimony when love is wanting to
sanctify the relation.
Dr. Gaston Bodart's recently published mono-
graph on "Losses of Life in Modern Wars," under
the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,
will shortly be followed in the same series by a
study of "Epidemics Resulting from Wars," writ-
ten by Dr. Friedrich Prinzing and edited by
Professor Harold Westergaard, of the University
of Copenhagen. Dr. Prinzing's survey, which is
coming from the Oxford University Press, goes
back beyond the Thirty Years' War and comes
down to the last Balkan campaign, with a closing
chapter on "Epidemics in Besieged Strongholds,
from the siege of Mantua (1796-7) to that of
Port Arthur (1904).


1916]
257
THE DIAL
3ttp ^tia ^ooka.
Diversions op A Diplomat.*
With hat cocked over one ear and arms
akimbo Lord Redesdale looks jauntily out
from the frontispiece of his "Memories," a
generously inclusive collection of personal
anecdote and reminiscence covering a long
life of public service and varied private activ-
ities and interests. The author's recent death
at nearly eighty years of age has helped to
draw attention to these diverting volumes, in
which so many of the titled and famous of
his time give distinction as well as animation
to his pages.
Leaving to the curious in such matters the
details of ancestry, of pedigree, of family
history, with which the opening chapter deals,
let us pass at once to the store of anecdote,
historic, diplomatic, political, literary, and
of many other kinds, constituting the bulk of
the work. Versatility speaks in every chap-
ter; for Lord Redesdale was an author, a
musician, an art connoisseur, a traveller, a
big-game hunter, at one time an enviably
successful horse-racer (if one's envy turn in
that direction), and long a leader in London
society, besides being versed in the secrets of
the Foreign Office and in the subtleties of
diplomacy. A seat in Parliament and vari-
ous high offices at home came to him, or were
won by him, in addition to his appointments
at St. Petersburg, Pekin, and Tokio. Above
all, he shows a gift of more than casual obser-
vation, an alertness to many sorts of signifi-
cant occurrences by the way, a receptivity to
manifold impressions, and a remarkably
retentive memory. It was only near the end
of his life that he began to record his recol-
lections, but with rapid and seemingly not
inaccurate pen he fills two large volumes with
an uninterrupted succession of more or less
minute details. He gives point to his nar-
rative, too, with many an apt and ready
quotation or allusion both from classic and
modern sources.
That he was a good classical scholar is to
be inferred not only from his own writings
but also from a commendatory word quoted,
with justifiable satisfaction, from Dean
Gaisford. Of this Oxford dignitary he pre-
sents us an imposing picture in a few pen-
strokes.
Dean Gaisford was a great potentate: not only
was his scholarship superb, but he was also a ruler
of men. When lie nodded, Olympus trembled. When
he stood up at the altar in Christ Church and
•Memories. By Lord Redesdale. G.C.V.O.. K.C.B. In I
two volumes. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
thundered out the first Commandment, with a long
pause after the "I" and a strong insistence on the
"Me," he would look round the cathedral sternly, as
much as to say, "I should like to see the undergrad-
uate, or the graduate either, for that matter, who will
dare to dispute that proposition." His famous utter-
ance in a sermon, "St. Paul says, and I partly agree
with him," has become a classic. But he was like
the Nasmyth Hammer: he could crush a rock or
flatten out a rose-leaf. Jelf had a good story of the
way in which he once petrified a very young Don who
at one of his dinners ate an apple in a way which
he did not consider to be quite orthodox.
Something approaching intimacy marked
the relations between Lord Redesdale and the
late King Edward, which will account for the
considerable space devoted to that sovereign's
sayings and doings in the nobleman's book.
"My recollection of the King, which I wish
to place on record," he says in one place, "is
that of a character made up of various qual-
ities— a monarch deeply impressed with the
duties and obligations of his exalted station;
a man intensely human, and, let his critics
say what they will, altogether lovable." Sig-
nificant at this time is the author's remem-
brance of King Edward's agitation upon hear-
ing of Austria's annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in 1908, in violation of the
Treaty of Berlin. The King had only recently
visited the Austrian Emperor at Ischl, where
the Eastern Question had been discussed with
apparent frankness and intimacy, and there
had been a most friendly parting, with full
assurance on the side of the departing guest
that no cloud lurked on the horizon. But, as
the writer proceeds,—
Now, without a word of warning, all was changed.
The King was indignant, for nobody knew better
than he did the danger of tampering with the pro-
visions of the Treaty of Berlin, and he saw that
to make any change in the Turkish provinces was to
light a fuse which, sooner or later, was bound to
fire a powder magazine. Personally, the King felt
that he had been treacherously deceived. His fore-
cast of the danger, which he communicated at the
time to me, showed him to be possessed of that pre-
vision which marks the statesman. Every word that
he uttered that day has come true.
As the author observes in the next paragraph,
the King recognized his limitations as a con-
stitutional ruler; it was not for him to start
alliances, but he could make them possible.
"There were Ministers before his time; could
they have removed obstacles and softened
asperities as he did* He knew, moreover,
that no Sovereign, no Government, could
utter a command like that of the first day of
creation: 'Let there be peace.' He knew that
he must work for it, and he did — incessantly.
To the world's sorrow another monarch in
another country has said. 'Let there be war!'
and there was war."


258
[October 5
THE DIAL
An acquaintance with Carlyle extending
"from before 1850 to the time of his death"
has contributed something, but not so much
as could be wished, to the book's collection
of pen portraits. Mention is made of the
well-known Carlyle peculiarities, and the
attractive qualities are affectionately dwelt
upon. "He did not suffer fools gladly," the
author admits, "and he could not brook being
lionized, but during all the years that I knew
him . . he was always kind to everybody
with whom I saw him — kind and, in his
rough way, considerate. . . I have walked
with him and sat with him by the hour, with-
out hearing him say an ill-natured word of
man or woman." Of Mrs. Carlyle not quite
so pleasing a picture is painted. Though it
is denied emphatically that she was in the
least jealous of Lady Ashburton, it is asserted
that "there was something else of which the
lady was jealous, and that was the agony of
concentration which her husband's work
meant for him. At moments her sceva indig-
natio against 'that Carlyle,' as she would
somewhat contemptuously call him, passed all
bounds." An example follows, which, as it is
given on another's authority, may perhaps
safely be taken with modifications:
One day my aunt went to call upon her and found
her in one of her tantrums — what was the matter,
she asked. "Oh, my dear, it's just that Carlyle!
Would you believe it, I have had a headache for three
days, and he's only just found it out. 'I'm afraid
you're not quite well, my dear,' he said — and all
the time he has been working, working! I just threw
a tea-cup at his head." Petruchio had a bad time
of it that day.
Exaggeration, so inevitable in gossip, must
have colored this anecdote. Perhaps Mrs.
Carlyle was moved to exclaim, "I could have
thrown a tea-cup at his head," but any such
actual passage of table-ware is inconceivable.
So too is the alleged occurrence that immedi-
ately follows, which will be found on page
653 of the second volume, but is hardly
quotable in this place.
Here is a passing sketch of Browning, lover
of music, and maker of music in verse, but
strangely unmusical in vocal utterance:
He was very pleasant and agreeable, handsome in
a rather leonine way, but his conversation lost some
of its charm owing to his rasping, grating voice. I
once heard him read one of his poems, "The Ride
to Ghent," at the house of Lady Stanley of Alderly.
There were only about a dozen people present; it
was not a pleasing performance; the effect of the
poetry was marred by that hoarse croak, like that
of Edgar Allan Poe 's raven, and though he read with
intense emotion he failed to touch. Had he pos-
sessed the attraction of a musical speaking voice he
would have been irresistible.
A visit to America in 1873 fills two chapters
of some length, in which a buffalo-hunt and
the vastness of the great West receive espe-
cial emphasis, with considerable attention
given to Brigham Young and the Mormons.
Bussia, China, and Japan furnish their
expected liberal supply of interesting matter
to the book, some of the author's best years
having been spent in his country's service in
those distant lands. Here is his presentation
of the Mikado of half a century ago, an appar-
ition destined ere long to fade in the rapid
encroachment of occidental upon oriental
manners and customs:
He was dressed in a white coat with long padded
trousers of crimson silk trailing like a lady's court-
train. His head-dress was the same as that of his
courtiers, though as a rule it was surmounted by a
long, stiff, flat plume of black gauze. I call it plume
for want of a better word, but there was nothing
feathery about it. His eyebrows were shaved off and
painted in high up on the forehead; his cheeks were
rouged and his lips painted with red and gold. His
teeth were blackened. It was no small feat to look
dignified under such a travesty of nature; but the
sangre azul would not be denied.
Lord Redesdale's "Memories" is a book
without rancor, as such a book ought to be;
but its judgments of men, while charitable,
necessarily have something of that personal
prejudice without which any collection of
memoirs would be in danger of insipidity.
With Gladstone's name the author couples
"the unhappy dislocation caused by his Irish
policy," and adds: "It has taken forty-four
years to show the full value of the theft of
Alsace and Lorraine. What will be said of
Home Rule forty-four years hence? Let us
pray I" Portraits and other illustrations play
their customary welcome part in these vol-
umes, which contain many a spare half-hour
of good reading if their bulk should deter
from consecutive perusal — a treatment of
books that many, including Dr. Johnson,
have scouted as an excess of obsequious defer-
ence
Percy P. Bicknell.
A Storehouse of Mythology.'
There are few subjects upon which more
learning has been expended by scholars of
distinction than that of mythology. Conjec-
tures in regard to the origins and distribution
of myths have given rise to numerous theories
both startling and fascinating.
Many of these scholars have been possessed
by a preconceived idea, which led each one to
•The Mytholooy of All Races. Edited by Louis Herbert
Gray, A.M., Ph.D., and George Foot Moore, A.M., D.D.,
LL.D. Volume X.. North American Mythology, by Hartley
Burr Alexander, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy, University
of Nebraska. Illustrated in color, etc. Boston: Marshall
Jones Co. (Sold only in sets of thirteen volumes, by
subscription.)


1916]
259
THE DIAL
explain all myths by his own especial for-
mula. The Solar School, and the Anthropo-
logical School, for example, with Max Miiller
and Andrew Lang as their respective leaders,
waged great intellectual battles, each insist-
ing upon the paramountcy of its own explana-
tion. In the midst of the battle, Sir James
G. Frazer, like the dog in the nursery tale,
carried off the bone with his tree and vegeta-
tional hypothesis. But the bone did not
remain long in his sole possession, for to-day
the survey of the whole field of mythology
perceives that every scholar has a right to
his nibble at the bone, and that each one has
evolved a theory which explains one or more
elements in the origins and growth of myth.
The task now before the scholar is to make
these various theories fit into some general
scheme.
In the meantime, lay readers, for the most
part unconscious of the profound interest
taken by men of learning in the early thoughts
and imaginings of the human race, have read
myths, or rather mutilations of myths, simply
because they found them interesting as stories.
When one considers the vast amount of
expert knowledge which has been for years
accumulating about the myths of all races,
it would seem as if the appropriate moment
had arrived for the initiation of the general
reader into a deeper and more widespread
understanding of mythology as a cultural
study, recording the religious, scientific, and
imaginative development of the human mind.
The art and literature of the world cannot be
properly comprehended without a knowledge
of Culture Mythologies; while in primitive
myths, the beginnings of religious aspiration,
scientific method, and philosophical conjecture
are found. Primitive man had as strong a
desire to know the causes of things as has
the scientist to-day. Observation, curiosity
about the things observed, a wish to control
natural forces, aided by a most astonishing
imagination, led on the one hand to myths of
explanation, and on the other to ceremonies
in sympathetic magic; and from these grew
primitive religion, literature, and art To
know the story of the development of myths
is to know the first chapter in sociology and
psychology,— a chapter rich in a strangeness
and variety, arousing wonder and admiration
hardly to be called forth by any subsequent
chapter in human development.
It is a source of genuine satisfaction, there-
fore, that, under the general editorship of Dr.
Louis Herbert Gray, one who is thoroughly
equipped in this field, a comprehensive work
upon the "Mythology of All Races" has been
undertaken, and is now issuing from the press.
This work will be completed in thirteen vol-
umes, five of which are to be ready by Decem-
ber of this year. The thoroughness of the
survey and the assurance of scholarly and
authoritative work are evidenced in the titles
of the volumes, and the names of their respec-
tive authors. The first volume, on Greek and
Roman Mythology, is by Professor W.
Sherwood Pox, of Princeton University. The
second volume, devoted to Teutonic Mythol-
ogy, is by Dr. Axel Olrik, of the University
of Copenhagen, author of "The Epic Poetry
of Denmark" and other important works. The
third volume is divided between Celtic and
Slavic: Canon John A. MacCulloch, Rector
of St. Saviour's, Bridge of Allan, Scotland,
and author of "The Childhood of Fiction,"
etc., writes on the Celtic Myths; and the
Slavic section is written by Professor Jan
Machal, of the Bohemian University of
Prague, the author of important works on
Slavic Mythology which have never been
translated. In the fourth volume, Dr. Uno
Holmberg, of the University of Finland,
writes of the Finno-Ugric and Siberian
Mythology. The fifth volume, on Semitic
Mythology, is by Captain R. Campbell
Thompson, the author of several well known
works upon Oriental mythological subjects.
The sixth volume is divided between India
and Persia,— the first being dealt with by
Professor A. Berriedale Keith, of Edinburgh
University, author of the "Vedic Index of
Names and Subjects," and the second by
Professor A. J. Carnoy of the University of
Louvain, author of the "Religion of the
Avesta" and other works. The seventh vol-
ume includes Armenian Mythology, by Pro-
fessor Neardiros Anani Eian, of the Kennedy
School of Missions, and the Mythology of the
Pagan Africans by George Foucart, head of
the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology
at Cairo and the author of "La Methode
Comparative dans l'Histoire des Religions."
Chinese Mythology, by Professor U. Hattori
of the Imperial University of Tokio, and
Japanese Mythology by Professor Masaharu
Anesaki, also of the University of Tokio,
make up the eighth volume. The ninth volume,
by Professor Roland Burrage Dixon of Har-
vard University, author of "Maidu Texts,"
discusses the Mythology of the Nealayo-
Polynesian and Australian peoples. The
tenth and eleventh volumes treat of North
American, Central and South American
Indian Mythology, and both are by Professor
Hartley B. Alexander, of the University of
Nebraska, author of numerous articles on the
American Indians. The twelfth volume
includes ancient Egyptian Mythology by Pro-


260
[October 5
THE DIAL
fessor Max Miiller of the University of
Pennsylvania, author of "Egyptological
Researches," etc., and the Mythology of
Burma, Siam, and Annam, by Sir George
Scott, editor of "The Upper Burma Gazet-
teer."
Much of this material — as for example,
the mythologies of the Slavs, the Armenians,
the Australians, and the Siberians — will
come before English readers for the first time.
In planning this set of books, the authors
and publishers have had in mind both the
needs of the general reader who is awaking
to the importance of a more unified study of
mythology, and those of the student. The
general reader will find in the body of the
text a broad survey of "simple facts" as they
have been presented chiefly by travellers,
missionaries, and anthropologists. The inten-
tion, as outlined by Dr. Gray in his preface,
is not to bring forward any special theory of
mythology which seeks to solve every problem
by one and the same formula, but to give the
facts in the case, leaving the theories to take
care of themselves, as they can safely be
trusted to do when built upon solid founda-
tions; and yet so to relate the different vol-
umes that they will not form a chance
collection of monographs, but an organic
whole. The work aims to be scientific in the
best sense, and at the same time eminently
readable,— "to set forth myths as living
entities, and, because each writer knows and
loves the mythology of which he treats, to
fill the reader with enthusiasm." Further-
more, as Dr. Gray expresses it, "there will be
nothing in our series that can be, in Roman
Catholic phrase, 'offensive to pious ears.'"
The student will find information of a tech-
nical nature in copious notes at the end of
each volume, a bibliography of the works
consulted in the preparation of the volume,
and in the thirteenth volume an Index, pre-
pared by the Editor, which will give not
merely the names and subjects discussed in
the various volumes, but also a topical
arrangement by which variant myths and
mythic themes of the different peoples may
be found readily and accurately.
The plan is, on the whole, an excellent one.
It will be recognized at once, however, that
the value of the work to scholars will be
somewhat discounted by the consideration
accorded to "pious ears." On the other hand,
the scholar will not be harmed by dwelling
upon the more beautiful consummations of
primitive imagination; while the general
reader will find only what will delight and
stimulate him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
ble determination that no preconceived the-
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a "single key to all the mythologies" has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot's
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting "mere facts,"
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coordinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
"mere facts" will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear,— that on "North American Mythol-
ogy," by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,— all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. "The Indian's religion," he
tells us, "must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all." Myths, he declares, belong
more properly to the realm of science and
aesthetics than to that of religion,— or, as he
continues, myths detailing causes, so being
related to science in its infancy, are "perhaps
the only stories that may properly be called
myths." It may be questioned whether the
"search for the cause" is not the chief under-
lying element in both religion and science,—
one differentiating through various stages in
which magic plays a part into ceremonies for
the honor or propitiation of the cause; the
other through magic also into ceremonies for


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth,— in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the "precon-
ceived idea" stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths.
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
with conspicuous success the task he set for
himself,— that is, "a kind of critical recon-
struction of a North American Mythology."
This was an immensely difficult task. "Beliefs
vary from tribe to tribe, even from clan to
clan; yet throughout, if one's attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis"
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as "The Great Spirit," "The
Deluge," "The Theft of Fire," "Tricksters
and Wonder Folk," "Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies," "Prophets and Ghost Dances," "Sun
Worship," besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly Weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
Helen A. Clarke.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: "The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature," by M. Emile Boutroux; "A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil," by M.
Etienne Qiran; and the "Works of William
Oughtred," edited by M. Florian Cajori.


262
[October 5
THE DIAL
THE IiEFE-STORY OF A REFORMER.*
It has been a matter of common knowledge
that Mrs. Mary Fels had no need to shine in
the reflected light of her altogether unique
husband, but that she is in a very real sense
what the astronomers call "self-luminous."
If proof of this were required, it is given
conclusively in her book recently published,
"Joseph Pels: His Life-Work." It would be
difficult to over-praise this biography as an
achievement in that most delicate of the fine
arts, the art of literary portrait-painting.
When the subject and author stand to each
other in the relationship of husband and wife,
it can be no easy task to subordinate the part
of lover and companion to that of the impar-
tial biographer; but this Mrs. Fels has accom-
plished with signal success, and has presented
a portrait which will be universally accepted
as a faithful and life-like memorial of one
who may well be regarded as typical of all
that is best in the progressive spirit of our
seething times. Mrs. Fels has painted with a
full brush, a firm hand, a delicate sense of
color, high lights, and shadows; yet with a
certain reserve and restraint that go far to
contribute to the charm of the book. We are
not troubled with that undue attention to
detail which is so common a weakness in those
biographies in which the affections are deeply
engaged; and the breadth of treatment is
such as to satisfy the most impressionistic of
literary tastes. The knowledge and under-
standing of the underlying principles of
political economy displayed by the author
hold the reader's attention from beginning to
end; and the various phases in the evolution
of Mr. Fels's attitude towards the social prob-
lem, showing the transition from the platform
of the philanthropist to that of the apostle of
liberty, are presented in their proper order.
Accepting the Carlylean dictum that uni-
versal history is at bottom the history of the
great men who have descended among us,
and that "if we could see them well we should
get some glimpses into the very marrow of
the world's history," then we cannot have
too many biographies of the sort we now so
heartily welcome. For it is only through a
clear comprehension of the psychological and
spiritual forces latent and active in our great
men and women, especially those of revolu-
tionary tendencies, that we can rightly under-
stand the essential nature of the society that
produced them and their probable reaction
upon that society. That Joseph Fels was in
mind and character the product of the world-
• Joseph Fels: His Life-Work. By Mary Fels.
York: B. W. Huebsch.
New
conditions under which he lived and worked,
particularly of the new-world conditions pre-
vailing in the United States, we cannot doubt.
No other time could have evolved him, and
probably no other country than America as
it has been during the last few decades. His
life shows in macrocosm the same features
exhibited by the corporate life of the Amer-
ican people in macrocosm,— the seemingly
incongruous combination of practicality with
idealism, the healthy boyish delight in the
great game of business for its own sake, the
frankly-admitted shrewdness in the driving
of bargains, the underlying sense of justice
and fair-play that refuses to blind itself to
the fact that the scales are somehow loaded
in his favor and against the losers in the game,
the experimental and futile attempts to dis-
cover and remedy this bias in the balance of
economic forces,— in all these experiences we
trace a similarity to the course through which
the collective mind of the nation is slowly
threading its way. And herein lies the value
of such lives,— that in them the larger world
sees itself reflected. In so far as they have
failed to solve the sphinx's riddle, society is
warned; in so far as they have succeeded,
society is encouraged; but, more important
than all, through them the inextinguishable
spark of hope is fanned into a flame, and a
faith in the principle of progress and the
justice of the eternal order takes the place of
that pessimism which pictures our present
society as rushing headlong to chaos and
destruction,— like the fate that physicists tell
us awaits the planet when the centrifugal
forces shall have worn themselves out and
nothing hinders our precipitate plunge into
the fires of the sun.
A life of incessant action must necessarily
be full of dramatic interest; and when a
man's activities, though running counter to
all the conservative forces of his age and
sympathetically to that tide of aspiration
which is each generation's witness to the per-
sistence of the will-to-live, are supported by
the kudos which wealth brings and the respect
which intellect and altruism always command,
he inevitably attracts from all classes of
society those whose spirits vibrate to the same
rhythm. Thus we feel no surprise at the
intimate friendships formed by Mr. Fels with
Henry George and Tom L. Johnson in Amer-
ica; and with Keir Hardie, General Booth,
Israel Zangwill, George Lansbury, Patrick
Geddes, Margaret MacMillan, and others
across the Atlantic. "The American who
came interfering in the domestic affairs of
England" did much to quicken the moral
sense of that country, to stimulate its zeal


1916]
263
THE DIAL
for reform, to enlighten it as to the meaning
of freedom, and to liberate it from the mental
thraldom induced by centuries of habituation
to hereditary aristocracies. It is not easy for
Americans to realize the strange feeling of
partly pleased, partly alarmed, surprise with
which Englishmen regarded the appearance
of a land-reformer exhibiting not a vestige of
that traditional respect for the titles and
symbols of nobility which has woven itself into
the warp and woof of the British mind; who
could write an open letter to the Duke of
Montrose as from one exploiter of industry to
another, reminding His Grace that in spite
of his gentility he was doing no better than
the worst of them in robbing the people of
Glasgow of a large sum of money as the price
of permission to take water at their own
expense from the natural reservoir of Loch
Katrine.
The contact of Mr. Fels with British mem-
bers of parliament and the poor-law author-
ities in his many efforts to provide, through
the utilization of waste lands and by means of
farm colonies, some kind of employment for
the poor that would be free of that stigma of
charity which he hated as by an inborn
instinct, is full of romantic interest. It is
indeed reminiscent at many points of the
struggle of his great kinsman Moses with the
conservative forces of Egypt on behalf of the
oppressed Israelites; and the total response
accorded to his efforts might appropriately
have been summed up in the words of the
writer of Exodus: "They be idle; therefore
let more work be laid upon them that they
may labor therein; and let them not regard
vain words." His impeachment of the institu-
tion of landlordism, onwards from the point
at which he became convinced that here he
had discovered the pivot on which the entire
social problem revolves, recalls the denuncia-
tions of the later Hebrew prophets of the
iniquity of "adding field to field so that the
people have no room."
The passages which tell of the encourage-
ment and assistance given by Mr. Fels to the
cause of woman suffrage are interesting as
showing the keenness of instinct by which
he detected every line of approach to that
condition which must underlie all human
progress,— the condition of freedom; and
the author's own defense of the feminist
movement, covering three or four pages, is
perhaps one of the clearest and most incisive
statements of the case for the emancipation of
women that has yet been seen. The few pages
which Mrs. Fels devotes to dealing with the
attitude of Mr. Fels to the Zionist movement
are of deep interest, especially in view of the
recent developments of enthusiasm among the
Jewish people on the subject of the coloniza-
tion of Palestine.
By a fine artistic fitness the purely domestic
part of this impressive career is reserved for a
short chapter at the close of the book and is
headed "personal." Without this the volume
would have been incomplete; yet the author,
with a discrimination we much admire, has
frankly recognized that the chief interest of
the public in its great men lies in their rela-
tion to the Zeitgeist, or the larger currents
of thought and movements of political opin-
ion. By the aid of two excellent portraits,
the few personal details given in this final
chapter recall the living man as he walked
among us, with a vividness that is almost
magical. Those who, like the reviewer, were
privileged to know Mr. Fels with even a small
degree of intimacy, will feel towards his biog-
rapher a large sense of gratitude for having
provided us with a fitting memorial of a
lovable friend, but still more so for having
given to the world an interior view of a type
of character that may yet redeem America
from the charge under which she lies of sub-
serviency to the god Mammon; and which
indeed, in the largest sense possible, may
prove the ultimate salvation of our unhappy
civilization.
Alex. Mackendrick.
A Master Musician.*
One of the signs of musical appreciation
is the evidence of interest in the personality
of the great master spirits of music. Music
is fundamentally a medium for the emotions;
but it has its intellectual aspect. We cannot
intelligently contrast the music of Palestrina
and Liszt, for example, without knowing
something of the historic background of these
men; nor are we fitted to speak of a Haydn
symphony and a Strauss tone-poem unless we
know why it was mechanically impossible for
Haydn to obtain a Strauss effect. Yet if
you should place in a hat the names of a
score of the world's greatest composers, how
many average concert-goers could even
arrange them in chronological order, let alone
give a concise statement of their several places
in music? Not that the survival of such a test
is essential to, or guarantees, the inner qual-
ity that makes for understanding and assimi-
lation of the divine in music; but surely he
is a better channel for the indescribable
surge of great music who has acquired some
• Handel. By Ilomain Rolland. Translated by A. Eagle-
field Hull New York: Henry Holt * Co.


264
[October 5
THE DIAL
definite knowledge of the evolution of musical
art and of the lives of those precious few who
could listen to the music of the gods and
reduce it to vibrations that ordinary mortal
ears can register. So all that helps to an
acquaintance with the lives of musical com-
posers, with the periods of musical develop-
ment in which they lived, and with the spirit
of the times in which they labored, is of the
greatest value not merely to the few who seek
technical proficiency, but to the many who
attempt to be what have happily been called
"creative listeners."
This is the service which Romain Holland
performed in "Musicians of Former Days"
and "Musicians of To-day," and which he
repeats in his brief but excellent sketch of
the life and technique of George Frederick
Handel. The book is written in a popular
style, for the general reader, and occupies
a field quite apart from that of the elaborate
works of Chrysander and Schoelcher. Yet
M. Rolland makes his book readable by sound
methods. He does not deal with the legendary
Handel; he gives no weight to such stories as
that of Handel's learning to play on a clavi-
chord smuggled into the garret, or of Handel's
following on foot the carriage in which his
father journeyed to Weissenfels (where the
Duke of Saxony obtained paternal consent to
the boy's musical education),' which are
recounted even in Grove's Dictionary. The
narrative is straightforward and authenti-
cated, and gives an excellent impression of
the historicity of the man who was, in a sense,
Beethoven's John the Baptist.
The book is particularly valuable for the
illuminating background which M. Rolland
furnishes by his description of places and con-
temporary persons and events. As no great
creative artist is a lone figure when you under-
stand his environment, it is of the first
importance to know how men and things have
influenced the development of his art. In
such matters M. Rolland shows his under-
standing of the office of biographer; his
incisive sketches, for example, of Keiser,
Mattheson, Buxtehude, Steffani, Bononcini,
and Zachau (Handel's teacher) aid us greatly
in understanding the real Handel.
M. Rolland regards Handel as a unique fig-
ure in his earljr musical maturity. Musical
biographers usually take some pains to trace
the transformation from stage to stage of
their subject's development. Thus it is possi-
ble to divide the Beethoven sonatas or Wagner
music-dramas into classes or periods, with
chronological tags. M. Rolland has no such
task. Handel had no early style per se to
contrast with later stvles. He reached his
zenith of power very quickly — and remained
there. It is only approximately accurate even
to speak of his operas as belonging to an ear-
lier period than his oratorios, for his first ora-
torio was composed before his first opera, while
the fact that his operas as a whole are earlier
than his oratorios is due to a practical reason,
and his greater attention to oratorio in his
later years was due to the exigencies of per-
sonal politics. In addition, Handel's oratorios
are essentially dramatic in their character.
This brings us to the second important
point which M. Rolland establishes,— namely,
that Handel is falsely rated as a church
musician. He rarely wrote for the church.
Aside from his "Psalms" and "Te Deum," he
wrote music only for concerts (including
open-air performances) and the theatre. His
oratorios were written for the theatre, and
some of the early ones were really acted. He
resolutely opposed the production of his ora-
torios in the church, even to the extent of
arousing the enmity of religious bigots, and
insisted to the end that he worked and wrote
for a free theatre. The contrary impression
doubtless has arisen from the fact that his
subjects are mainly of Biblical origin. But
Handel's oratorios are in their very nature
music-dramas; and, instead of religious
inclinations leading him to Biblical sources,
he was guided in his choice by the fact that
this material had a much more vital appeal
to the audience he addressed than had profane
mythology. Yet so tenacious are traditions
that probably for a long time will Handel
the preacher be forced in the popular esteem
to obscure Handel the artist.
M. Rolland shows the versatility of Handel
and his adaptability to all styles. He gives
an impressive list of examples to demon-
strate Handel's use of all styles without choos-
ing any one permanently, likening him to
Gluck alone in this respect. Handel's art
was universal in its nature. His genius was
attracted to everything good; and this
explains his general use not only of methods
but also of materials. It dissolves the so-
called plagiarisms. He never hesitated to
adopt the ideas of others, or to re-work his
own; but always because his genius found
therein some beauty that had been over-
looked. "Handel has evoked from the very
depths of these musical phrases, their secret
soul, of which the first creators had not even
a presentiment. It needed his eye, or his
ear, to discover in the serenade of Stradella
its Biblical cataclysms. . . Handel heard
great storms passing through the gentle quiv-
ering of Stradella's guitar."


1916]
265
THE DIAL
Then there is the romanticism of Handel's
music. Perhaps M. Rolland might have
emphasized a little more Handel's foreshad-
owing of the romantic school, though he does
call him a "Beethoven in chains" and quotes
Beethoven and Haydn as pronouncing Handel
the greatest of all composers. It would have
been enlightening, however, to have traced
more definitely Handel's influence on his
successors. Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart,
Schumann, Liszt, and Wagner were only a
few of those who drew ideals from Handel.
His music is picturesque and descriptive. It
is a "picture gallery of nature" in portraying
the sea, storm, night, moonlight, sunshine, and
awakening birds. It did not escape criticism
for its non-conformity to precedent. This was
said of him by one of his critics: "He cannot
give people pleasure after the proper fashion,
and his evil genius will not allow him to do
this. He imagines a new grandioso kind of
music, and in order to make more noise he has
it executed by the greatest number of voices
and instruments which one has ever heard
before in a theatre. He thinks thus not only
to rival the god of musicians, but even all
the other gods, like Idle, Neptune, and
Jupiter: for either I expected that the house
would be brought down by his tempest, or
that the sea would engulf the whole. But
more unbearable still was his thunder. Never
have such terrible rumblings fallen on my
head." After that we can acquit even
Schoenberg and Scriabin!
The list of Handel's compositions, the bibli-
ography, and the index are all useful. Dr.
Hull's translation is quite satisfying. There
seem to be no important errors other than
the confusion as to the Mercier portrait, which
is attributed to Thornhill in the table of con-
Russell Ramsey.
Russia anb Its Possibilities.*
The most colossal mistake that one can
make is to speak of Russia as "she." That
common form of personification has been
responsible for many misjudgmente of nations
and for many wars. That abstract concept,
"the Mother Country," is for Russia and
nearly all other countries a very definite
Power represented by tax-collectors, rural
police, military men,—by a tyranny, in other
words, which makes life hard for the great
majority of the millions that constitute that
country. "She"—of a graft-permeated bu-
• Potential Russia. By Richard Washburn Child. New
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
reaucracy; "she" of a Tsar who, though per-
sonally brave, honorable, and well-intentioned,
is so superstitious that if a visitor happens
to speak of God instantly stands at salute
with his hand at his cap like a private before
a sergeant; "she" of a regime that could sum-
mon twelve millions of men for mobilization
and fail to arm them even with sticks!
In two vivid chapters of his book entitled
"Potential Russia," Mr. Child depicts the
fatalistic self-sacrificing spirit of Maxim, the
typical Russian muzhik,—tall, clean, light-
haired, amused at the flock-like disposition of
the troops, as they are packed into uncom-
fortable trains,—who goes forth to give his
all for Mother Russia. Of course Maxim has
not the gleam of an idea why he is torn away
from his sweetheart and his izba, but he
makes no complaint; he is only one of the
two millions who were ruthlessly sacrificed in
the Mazurian marshes because the shells which
would have rendered the fatal charge unnec-
essary "had been dumped in the snow by the
order of some railroad official." He did not
know that the freight cars which had car-
ried them had been taken to Archangel and
reloaded with the imported goods of a Rus-
sian merchant in Petrograd. He did not
know that the railroad official had received
100 roubles a car for his part in the transac-
tion. He did not know that it was Russians
who were killing Russians. He thought the
enemy was responsible.
Mr. Child was sent to Russia to study at
first hand the effect of the war on that great
unknown country. Not knowing the language,
he had to depend on conversations in French,
—English and German being under a ban,—
and he had the disadvantage of getting much
of his information through an interpreter.
But he has returned to this country with a
fairly definite notion of the problems which
Russia must face when the war is ended, and
(what is more important) with definite and
extremely sensible views as to the duties and
the opportunities which lie before America.
The importance of his book is not so much
in the pictures that he paints of actually
existing conditions,—the gradual awakening
of the Slav giant, the horrible sufferings of
the refugees wandering into the interior of
Russia without property, without hope, dying
like grasshoppers,—though he can find even
in these by-products of war wonderful results
in human sympathy, in "a revival of social
consciousness," the promise of "a new era of
recognition of a spiritual life." It is rather
in the final chapters, where he tells the Amer-
ican people that if we should share in the
marvellous development that is certain to


258 THE DIAL
[October 5
An acquaintance with Carlyle extending
“from before 1850 to the time of his death.”
has contributed something, but not so much
as could be wished, to the book's collection
of pen portraits. Mention is made of the
well-known Carlyle peculiarities, and the
attractive qualities are affectionately dwelt
upon. “He did not suffer fools gladly,” the
author admits, “and he could not brook being
lionized, but during all the years that I knew
him. he was always kind to everybody
with whom I saw him — kind and, in his
rough way, considerate. . . I have walked
with him and sat with him by the hour, with-
out hearing him say an ill-natured word of
man or woman.” Of Mrs. Carlyle not quite
so pleasing a picture is painted. Though it
is denied emphatically that she was in the
least jealous of Lady Ashburton, it is asserted
that “there was something else of which the
lady was jealous, and that was the agony of
concentration which her husband's work
meant for him. At moments her sava indig-
natio against ‘that Carlyle,’ as she would
somewhat contemptuously call him, passed all
bounds.” An example follows, which, as it is
given on another's authority, may perhaps
safely be taken with modifications:
One day my aunt went to call upon her and found
her in one of her tantrums — what was the matter,
she asked. “Oh, my dear, it’s just that Carlyle!
Would you believe it, I have had a headache for three
days, and he's only just found it out. “I’m afraid
you’re not quite well, my dear,’ he said — and all
the time he has been working, working! I just threw
a tea-cup at his head.” Petruchio had a bad time
of it that day.
Exaggeration, so inevitable in gossip, must
have colored this anecdote. Perhaps Mrs.
Carlyle was moved to exclaim, “I could have
thrown a tea-cup at his head,” but any such
actual passage of table-ware is inconceivable.
So too is the alleged occurrence that immedi-
ately follows, which will be found on page
653 of the second volume, but is hardly
quotable in this place.
Here is a passing sketch of Browning, lover
of music, and maker of music in verse, but
strangely unmusical in vocal utterance:
He was very pleasant and agreeable, handsome in
a rather leonine way, but his conversation lost some
of its charm owing to his rasping, grating voice. I
once heard him read one of his poems, “The Ride
to Ghent,” at the house of Lady Stanley of Alderly.
There were only about a dozen people present; it
was not a pleasing performance; the effect of the
poetry was marred by that hoarse croak, like that
of Edgar Allan Poe's raven, and though he read with
intense emotion he failed to touch. Had he pos-
sessed the attraction of a musical speaking voice he
would have been irresistible.
A visit to America in 1873 fills two chapters
of some length, in which a buffalo-hunt and
the vastness of the great West receive espe-
cial emphasis, with considerable attention
given to Brigham Young and the Mormons.
Russia, China, and Japan furnish their
expected liberal supply of interesting matter
to the book, some of the author's best years
having been spent in his country's service in
those distant lands. Here is his presentation
of the Mikado of half a century ago, an appar-
ition destined ere long to fade in the rapid
encroachment of occidental upon oriental
manners and customs:
He was dressed in a white coat with long padded
trousers of crimson silk trailing like a lady’s court-
train. His head-dress was the same as that of his
courtiers, though as a rule it was surmounted by a
long, stiff, flat plume of black gauze. I call it plume
for want of a better word, but there was nothing
feathery about it. His eyebrows were shaved off and
painted in high up on the forehead; his cheeks were
rouged and his lips painted with red and gold. His
teeth were blackened. It was no small feat to look
dignified under such a travesty of nature; but the
sangre azul would not be denied.
Lord Redesdale’s “Memories” is a book
without rancor, as such a book ought to be;
but its judgments of men, while charitable,
necessarily have something of that personal
prejudice without which any collection of
memoirs would be in danger of insipidity.
With Gladstone's name the author couples
“the unhappy dislocation caused by his Irish
policy,” and adds: “It has taken forty-four
years to show the full value of the theft of
Alsace and Lorraine. What will be said of
Home Rule forty-four years hence? Let us
pray!” Portraits and other illustrations play
their customary welcome part in these vol-
umes, which contain many a spare half-hour
of good reading if their bulk should deter
from consecutive perusal — a treatment of
books that many, including Dr. Johnson,
have scouted as an excess of obsequious defer-
ence.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
A STOREHOUSE OF MYTHOLOGY..*
There are few subjects upon which more
learning has been expended by scholars of
distinction than that of mythology. Conjec-
tures in regard to the origins and distribution
of myths have given rise to numerous theories
both startling and fascinating.
Many of these scholars have been possessed
by a preconceived idea, which led each one to
*THE MYTHology of ALL RACEs. Edited by Louis Herbert
Gray, A.M., Ph.D., and George Foot Moore, A.M. º. º.
LL.D. Volume X., North American Mythology tº Hºrtº
Burr Alexander, Ph.D., Professor of Philosoph
of Nebraska. Illustrated in color, etc.
Jones Co. (Sold only in sets o T
subscription.)


1916] THE DIAL 259
º
explain all myths by his own especial for-
mula. The Solar School, and the Anthropo-
logical School, for example, with Max Müller
and Andrew Lang as their respective leaders,
waged great intellectual battles, each insist-
ing upon the paramountcy of its own explana-
tion. In the midst of the battle, Sir James
G. Frazer, like the dog in the nursery tale,
carried off the bone with his tree and vegeta-
tional hypothesis. But the bone did not
remain long in his sole possession, for to-day
the survey of the whole field of mythology
perceives that every scholar has a right to
his nibble at the bone, and that each one has
evolved a theory which explains one or more
elements in the origins and growth of myth.
The task now before the scholar is to make
these various theories fit into some general
scheme.
In the meantime, lay readers, for the most
part unconscious of the profound interest
taken by men of learning in the early thoughts
and imaginings of the human race, have read
myths, or rather mutilations of myths, simply
because they found them interesting as stories.
When one considers the vast amount of
expert knowledge which has been for years
accumulating about the myths of all races,
it would seem as if the appropriate moment
had arrived for the initiation of the general
reader into a deeper and more widespread
understanding of mythology as a cultural
study, recording the religious, scientific, and
imaginative development of the human mind.
The art and literature of the world cannot be
properly comprehended without a knowledge
of Culture Mythologies; while in primitive
myths, the beginnings of religious aspiration,
scientific method, and philosophical conjecture
are found. Primitive man had as strong a
desire to know the causes of things as has
the scientist to-day. Observation, curiosity
about the things observed, a wish to control
natural forces, aided by a most astonishing
imagination, led on the one hand to myths of
explanation, and on the other to ceremonies
in sympathetic magic; and from these grew
primitive religion, literature, and art. To
know the story of the development of myths
is to know the first chapter in sociology and
psychology, a chapter rich in a strangeness
and variety, arousing wonder and admiration
hardly to be called forth by any subsequent
chapter in human development. -
It is a source of genuine satisfaction, there-
fore, that, under the general editorship of Dr.
Louis Herbert Gray, one who is thoroughly
equipped in this field, a comprehensive work
upon the “Mythology of All Races” has been
undertaken, and is now issuing from the press.
This work will be completed in thirteen vol-
umes, five of which are to be ready by Decem-
ber of this year. The thoroughness of the
survey and the assurance of scholarly and
authoritative work are evidenced in the titles
of the volumes, and the names of their respec-
tive authors. The first volume, on Greek and
Roman Mythology, is by Professor W.
Sherwood Fox, of Princeton University. The
second volume, devoted to Teutonic Mythol-
ogy, is by Dr. Axel Olrik, of the University
of Copenhagen, author of “The Epic Poetry
of Denmark” and other important works. The
third volume is divided between Celtic and
Slavic: Canon John A. MacCulloch, Rector
of St. Saviour's, Bridge of Allan, Scotland,
and author of “The Childhood of Fiction,”
etc., writes on the Celtic Myths; and the
Slavic section is written by Professor Jan
Machal, of the Bohemian University of
Prague, the author of important works on
Slavic Mythology which have never been
translated. In the fourth volume, Dr. Uno
Holmberg, of the University of Finland,
writes of the Finno-Ugric and Siberian
Mythology. The fifth volume, on Semitic
Mythology, is by Captain R. Campbell
Thompson, the author of several well known
works upon Oriental mythological subjects.
The sixth volume is divided between India
and Persia, the first being dealt with by
Professor A. Berriedale Keith, of Edinburgh
University, author of the “Vedic Index of
Names and Subjects,” and the second by
Professor A. J. Carnoy of the University of
Louvain, author of the “Religion of the
Avesta” and other works. The seventh vol-
ume includes Armenian Mythology, by Pro-
fessor Neardiros Anani Kian, of the Kennedy
School of Missions, and the Mythology of the
Pagan Africans by George Foucart, head of
the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology
at Cairo and the author of “La Méthode
Comparative dans l’Histoire des Religions.”
Chinese Mythology, by Professor U. Hattori
of the Imperial University of Tokio, and
Japanese Mythology by Professor Masaharu
Anesaki, also of the University of Tokio,
make up the eighth volume. The ninth volume,
by Professor Roland Burrage Dixon of Har-
vard University, author of “Maidu Texts,”
discusses the Mythology of the Nealayo-
Polynesian and Australian peoples. The
tenth and eleventh volumes treat of North
American, Central and South American
Indian Mythology, and both are by Professor
Hartley B. Alexander, of the University of
Nebraska, author of numerous articles on the
American Indians. The twelfth volume
includes ancient Egyptian Mythology by Pro-


*A*
THE
DIAL [October 5
—-
\lav \luller of the University, of
www.ºvania, author of " Egyptological
* ...ºhº, etc., and the Mythology of
ºw, ºn sºul, and Auuau, by Sir George
º, ºwn wi "The Upper Burma Gazet-
---
\h w whº unawal as for example,
ºn wºulºva wº the slave, the Armenians;
ul- \"\"." aul the Siberians—will
ºw wºwe º an ºvalwa for the first time.
in unus thus ºut of books, the authors
aw wºulºu have had tº wind both the
wºu wº whº wwwal vealer whº tº awaking
ºu, wuwu at a wº united study of
\ln\ \ u'wº ºr tº student. The
ºn wºº will tº twº bºdy of the
tº a lºw aw w w "ºw le facts” as they
nº lºw wºwl whºlly by ravellers,
º and authºlogists. The inten-
Nº minºu º ºr ºvay in his preface,
ºn tº ºwn any special theory of
nº lºw whº whº tº aulve every problem
ºwn ºut lºw ºw to mula, but to give the
º u in unaw, leaving the theories to take
lumivu, ºn they can ſafely be
lu wºn built upon solid founda-
unu-nui vu wº tº pulate the different vol-
mº lull lºw will nº form a chance
\"\". ul uniºniº, but an organic
\mul in wººl aim to ºr wentific in the
ºn an a tº uninº ºne eminently
umlin. In nº furth mythº, nº living
ulun a mul, lºw aunt, each writer knows and
lº. In my Illuloſſy of which he treats; to
ni in unim will enthusiasm." Further-
uum, an in (Iray tº prºnº it, ºthere will be
ºnlinn in ºur mariºn that "an hº, in Roman
immin plumn, 'oftennſyº to pious, ears.
in muluſ will ſinſ information of a tech-
ºnal naturn in copioun noſe" at the end of
ºn Vºlumn, a hilliography of the works
ºnlimi in the preparation of the volume,
mill in the Iliriºnſ, volume an Index, pre:
Imal lºy the ſºlitor which will give not
ºnly in namen and subjects discussed in
in various volumes, but also a topical
nanºmen by which variant myths and
... nº human of the different peoples may
in rºund leadily and accurately.
The Iſlan in, on ſhe whole, an excellent one.
II will. In recognized nº on", however, that
in value of ſhe work to Mcholars will be
ºn win illumined by the consideration
nºmini in "pious earn". On the other hand,
The milmlar will not he harmed by dwelling
upºn inn more lenutiful consummations of
In milivº Innºunſon while, the general
Williºn will ſimi only what will delight and
imulain him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
lilu Intermination that no preconceived the-
---~~~
º
lºw-ul tº
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a “single key to all the mythologies” has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot's
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting “mere facts,”
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coördinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
“mere facts” will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear, that on “North American Mythol-
ogy,” by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,- all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. “The Indian's religion,” he
tells us, “must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all.” Myths, he declares, belong
more properly to the realm of science and
aesthetics than to that of religion,- or, as he
continues, myths detailing causes, so being
related to science in its infancy, are “perhaps
the only stories that may properly be called
myths.” It may be questioned whether the
“search for the cause” is not the chief under-
lying element in both religion and science,—
one differentiating through various stages in
which magic plays a part into ceremonies for
the honor or propitiation of the cause; the

other through magic also into ceremonies for


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth, in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the “precon-
ceived idea” stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths. -
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
with conspicuous success the task he set for
himself- that is, “a kind of critical recon-
struction of a North American Mythology.”
This was an immensely difficult task. “Beliefs
vary from tribe to tribe, even from clan to
clan; yet throughout, if one's attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis”
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as “The Great Spirit,” “The
Deluge,” “The Theft of Fire,” “Tricksters
and Wonder Folk,” “Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies,” “Prophets and Ghost Dances,” “Sun
Worship,” besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
editor. HELEN A. CLARKE.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: “The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature,” by M. Emile Boutroux; “A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil,” by M.
Etienne Giran; and the “Works of William
Oughtred,” edited by M. Florian Cajori.


260
[October 5
THE DIAL
|
fessor Max Müller of the University of
Pennsylvania, author of “Egyptological
Researches,” etc., and the Mythology of
Burma, Siam, and Annam, by Sir George
Scott, editor of “The Upper Burma Gazet-
teer.”
Much of this material—as for example,
the mythologies of the Slavs, the Armenians,
the Australians, and the Siberians—will
come before English readers for the first time.
In planning this set of books, the authors
and publishers have had in mind both the
needs of the general reader who is awaking
to the importance of a more unified study of
mythology, and those of the student. The
general reader will find in the body of the
text a broad survey of “simple facts” as they
have been presented chiefly by travellers,
missionaries, and anthropologists. The inten-
tion, as outlined by Dr. Gray in his preface,
is not to bring forward any special theory of
mythology which seeks to solve every problem
by one and the same formula, but to give the
facts in the case, leaving the theories to take
care of themselves, as they can safely be
trusted to do when built upon solid founda-
tions; and yet so to relate the different vol-
umes that they will not form a chance
collection of monographs, but an organic
whole. The work aims to be scientific in the
best sense, and at the same time eminently
readable, “to set forth myths as living
entities, and, because each writer knows and
loves the mythology of which he treats, to
fill the reader with enthusiasm.” Further-
more, as Dr. Gray expresses it, “there will be
nothing in our series that can be, in Roman
Catholic phrase, ‘offensive to pious ears.’”
The student will find information of a tech-
nical nature in copious notes at the end of
each volume, a bibliography of the works
consulted in the preparation of the volume,
and in the thirteenth volume an Index, pre-
pared by the Editor, which will give not
merely the names and subjects discussed in
the various volumes, but also a topical
arrangement by which variant myths and
mythic themes of the different peoples may
be found readily and accurately.
The plan is, on the whole, an excellent one.
It will be recognized at once, however, that
the value of the work to scholars will be
somewhat discounted by the consideration
accorded to “pious ears.” On the other hand,
the scholar will not be harmed by dwelling
upon the more beautiful consummations of
primitive imagination; while the general
reader will find only what will delight and
stimulate him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
ble determination that no preconceived the-
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a “single key to all the mythologies” has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot's
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting “mere facts,”
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coördinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
“mere facts” will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear, that on “North American Mythol-
ogy,” by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,- all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. “The Indian's religion,” he
tells us, “must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all.” Myths, he declares, belong
more properly to the realm of science and
asthetics than to that of religion,- or, as he
continues, myths detailing causes, so being
related to science in its infancy, are “perhaps
the only stories that may properly be called
myths.” It may be questioned whether the
“search for the cause” is not the chief under-
lying element in both religion and science,—
one differentiating through various stages in
which magic plays a part into ceremonies for
the honor or propitiation of the cause; the
other through magic also into ceremonies for


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth, in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the “precon-
ceived idea” stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths. -
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
with conspicuous success the task he set for
himself- that is, “a kind of critical recon-
struction of a North American Mythology.”
This was an immensely difficult task. “Beliefs
vary from tribe to tribe, even from clan to
clan; yet throughout, if one's attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis”
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as “The Great Spirit,” “The
Deluge,” “The Theft of Fire,” “Tricksters
and Wonder Folk,” “Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies,” “Prophets and Ghost Dances,” “Sun
Worship,” besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
editor. HELEN A. CLARKE.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: “The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature,” by M. Emile Boutroux; “A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil,” by M.
Etienne Giran; and the “Works of William
Oughtred,” edited by M. Florian Cajori.


260
[October 5
THE DIAL
fessor Max Müller of the University of
Pennsylvania, author of “Egyptological
Researches,” etc., and the Mythology of
Burma, Siam, and Annam, by Sir George
Scott, editor of “The Upper Burma Gazet-
teer.”
Much of this material—as for example,
the mythologies of the Slavs, the Armenians,
the Australians, and the Siberians — will
come before English readers for the first time.
In planning this set of books, the authors
and publishers have had in mind both the
needs of the general reader who is awaking
to the importance of a more unified study of
mythology, and those of the student. The
general reader will find in the body of the
text a broad survey of “simple facts” as they
have been presented chiefly by travellers,
missionaries, and anthropologists. The inten-
tion, as outlined by Dr. Gray in his preface,
is not to bring forward any special theory of
mythology which seeks to solve every problem
by one and the same formula, but to give the
facts in the case, leaving the theories to take
care of themselves, as they can safely be
trusted to do when built upon solid founda-
tions; and yet so to relate the different vol-
umes that they will not form a chance
collection of monographs, but an organic
whole. The work aims to be scientific in the
best sense, and at the same time eminently
readable, “to set forth myths as living
entities, and, because each writer knows and
loves the mythology of which he treats, to
fill the reader with enthusiasm.” Further-
more, as Dr. Gray expresses it, “there will be
nothing in our series that can be, in Roman
Catholic phrase, ‘offensive to pious ears.’”
The student will find information of a tech-
nical nature in copious notes at the end of
each volume, a bibliography of the works
consulted in the preparation of the volume,
and in the thirteenth volume an Index, pre-
pared by the Editor, which will give not
merely the names and subjects discussed in
the various volumes, but also a topical
arrangement by which variant myths and
mythic themes of the different peoples may
be found readily and accurately.
The plan is, on the whole, an excellent one.
It will be recognized at once, however, that
the value of the work to scholars will be
somewhat discounted by the consideration
accorded to “pious ears.” On the other hand,
the scholar will not be harmed by dwelling
upon the more beautiful consummations of
primitive imagination; while the general
reader will find only what will delight and
stimulate him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
ble determination that no preconceived the-
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a “single key to all the mythologies” has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot’s
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting “mere facts,”
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coördinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
“mere facts” will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear, that on “North American Mythol-
ogy,” by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,- all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. “The Indian's religion,” he
tells us, “must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all.” Myths, ºtes
more properly to the
aesthetics than to '
continues, myths
related to science
the only stories
myths.” It may
“search for the cau
lying element in bou
one differentiating th
which magic plays a l
the honor or propit
other through magic


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth, in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the “precon-
ceived idea” stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths.
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
ºth conspicuous success the task he set for
– that is, “a kind of critical recon-
North American Mythology.”
difficult task. “Beliefs
Even from clan to
le's attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis”
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as “The Great Spirit,” “The
Deluge,” “The Theft of Fire,” “Tricksters
and Wonder Folk,” “Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies,” “Prophets and Ghost Dances,” “Sun
Worship,” besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
editor. HELEN A. CLARKE.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: “The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature,” by M. Emile Boutroux; “A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil,” by M.
Etienne Giran; and the “Works of William
Oughtred,” edited by M. Florian Cajori.


258
[October 5
THE DIAL
An acquaintance with Carlyle extending
“from before 1850 to the time of his death.”
has contributed something, but not so much
as could be wished, to the book's collection
of pen portraits. Mention is made of the
well-known Carlyle peculiarities, and the
attractive qualities are affectionately dwelt
upon. “He did not suffer fools gladly,” the
author admits, “and he could not brook being
lionized, but during all the years that I knew
him he was always kind to everybody
with whom I saw him — kind and, in his
rough way, considerate. . I have walked
with him and sat with him by the hour, with-
out hearing him say an ill-natured word of
man or woman.” Of Mrs. Carlyle not quite
so pleasing a picture is painted. Though it
is denied emphatically that she was in the
least jealous of Lady Ashburton, it is asserted
that “there was something else of which the
lady was jealous, and that was the agony of
concentration which her husband's work
meant for him. At moments her sava indig-
natio against ‘that Carlyle,’ as she would
somewhat contemptuously call him, passed all
bounds.” An example follows, which, as it is
given on another's authority, may perhaps
safely be taken with modifications:
One day my aunt went to call upon her and found
her in one of her tantrums — what was the matter,
she asked. “Oh, my dear, it’s just that Carlyle!
Would you believe it, I have had a headache for three
days, and he's only just found it out. “I’m afraid
you're not quite well, my dear,’ he said — and all
the time he has been working, working! I just threw
a tea-cup at his head.” Petruchio had a bad time
of it that day.
Exaggeration, so inevitable in gossip, must
have colored this anecdote. Perhaps Mrs.
Carlyle was moved to exclaim, “I could have
thrown a tea-cup at his head,” but any such
actual passage of table-ware is inconceivable.
So too is the alleged occurrence that immedi-
ately follows, which will be found on page
653 of the second volume, but is hardly
quotable in this place.
Here is a passing sketch of Browning, lover
of music, and maker of music in verse, but
strangely unmusical in vocal utterance:
He was very pleasant and agreeable, handsome in
a rather leonine way, but his conversation lost some
of its charm owing to his rasping, grating voice. I
once heard him read one of his poems, “The Ride
to Ghent,” at the house of Lady Stanley of Alderly.
There were only about a dozen people present; it.
was not a pleasing performance; the effect of the
poetry was marred by that hoarse croak, like that
of Edgar Allan Poe's raven, and though he read with
intense emotion he failed to touch. Had he pos-
sessed the attraction of a musical speaking voice he
would have been irresistible.
A visit to America in 1873 fills two chapters
of some length, in which a buffalo-hunt and
the vastness of the great West receive espe-
cial emphasis, with considerable attention
given to Brigham Young and the Mormons.
Russia, China, and Japan furnish their
expected liberal supply of interesting matter
to the book, some of the author's best years
having been spent in his country's service in
those distant lands. Here is his presentation
of the Mikado of half a century ago, an appar-
ition destined ere long to fade in the rapid
encroachment of occidental upon oriental
manners and customs:
He was dressed in a white coat with long padded
trousers of crimson silk trailing like a lady's court-
train. His head-dress was the same as that of his
courtiers, though as a rule it was surmounted by a
long, stiff, flat plume of black gauze. I call it plume
for want of a better word, but there was nothing
feathery about it. His eyebrows were shaved off and
painted in high up on the forehead; his cheeks were
rouged and his lips painted with red and gold. His
teeth were blackened. It was no small feat to look
dignified under such a travesty of nature; but the
sangre azul would not be denied.
Lord Redesdale’s “Memories” is a book
without rancor, as such a book ought to be;
but its judgments of men, while charitable,
necessarily have something of that personal
prejudice without which any collection of
memoirs would be in danger of insipidity.
With Gladstone's name the author couples
“the unhappy dislocation caused by his Irish
policy,” and adds: “It has taken forty-four
years to show the full value of the theft of
Alsace and Lorraine. What will be said of
Home Rule forty-four years hence? Let us
pray!” Portraits and other illustrations play
their customary welcome part in these vol-
umes, which contain many a spare half-hour
of good reading if their bulk should deter
from consecutive perusal—a treatment of
books that many, including Dr. Johnson,
have scouted as an excess of obsequious defer-
ence.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
A STOREHOUSE OF MYTHOLOGY..*
There are few subjects upon which more
learning has been expended by scholars of
distinction than that of mythology. Conjec-
tures in regard to the origins and distribution
of myths have given rise to numerous theories
both startling and fascinating.
Many of these scholars have been possessed
by a preconceived idea, which led each one to
*THE MYTHology of ALL RACEs. Edited by Louis Herbert
Gray, A.M., Ph.D., and George Foot Moore, A.M., D.D.,
LL.D. Volume X., North American Mythology, by Hartley
Burr Alexander, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy, University
of Nebraska. Illustrated in color, etc. Boston: Marshall
Jones Co. (Sold only in sets of thirteen volumes, by
subscription.)


1916]
259
THE DIAL
explain all myths by his own especial for-
mula. The Solar School, and the Anthropo-
logical School, for example, with Max Müller
and Andrew Lang as their respective leaders,
waged great intellectual battles, each insist-
ing upon the paramountcy of its own explana-
tion. In the midst of the battle, Sir James
G. Frazer, like the dog in the nursery tale,
carried off the bone with his tree and vegeta-
tional hypothesis. But the bone did not
remain long in his sole possession, for to-day
the survey of the whole field of mythology
perceives that every scholar has a right to
his nibble at the bone, and that each one has
evolved a theory which explains one or more
elements in the origins and growth of myth.
The task now before the scholar is to make
these various theories fit into some general
scheme.
In the meantime, lay readers, for the most
part unconscious of the profound interest
taken by men of learning in the early thoughts
and imaginings of the human race, have read
myths, or rather mutilations of myths, simply
because they found them interesting as stories.
When one considers the vast amount of
expert knowledge which has been for years
accumulating about the myths of all races,
it would seem as if the appropriate moment
had arrived for the initiation of the general
reader into a deeper and more widespread
understanding of mythology as a cultural
study, recording the religious, scientific, and
imaginative development of the human mind.
The art and literature of the world cannot be
properly comprehended without a knowledge
of Culture Mythologies; while in primitive
myths, the beginnings of religious aspiration,
scientific method, and philosophical conjecture
are found. Primitive man had as strong a
desire to know the causes of things as has
the scientist to-day. Observation, curiosity
about the things observed, a wish to control
natural forces, aided by a most astonishing
imagination, led on the one hand to myths of
explanation, and on the other to ceremonies
in sympathetic magic; and from these grew
primitive religion, literature, and art. To
know the story of the development of myths
is to know the first chapter in sociology and
psychology, a chapter rich in a strangeness
and variety, arousing wonder and admiration
hardly to be called forth by any subsequent
chapter in human development. -
It is a source of genuine satisfaction, there-
fore, that, under the general editorship of Dr.
Louis Herbert Gray, one who is thoroughly
equipped in this field, a comprehensive work
upon the “Mythology of All Races” has been
undertaken, and is now issuing from the press.
This work will be completed in thirteen vol-
umes, five of which are to be ready by Decem-
ber of this year. The thoroughness of the
survey and the assurance of scholarly and
authoritative work are evidenced in the titles
of the volumes, and the names of their respec-
tive authors. The first volume, on Greek and
Roman Mythology, is by Professor W.
Sherwood Fox, of Princeton University. The
second volume, devoted to Teutonic Mythol-
ogy, is by Dr. Axel Olrik, of the University
of Copenhagen, author of “The Epic Poetry
of Denmark” and other important works. The
third volume is divided between Celtic and
Slavic: Canon John A. MacCulloch, Rector
of St. Saviour's, Bridge of Allan, Scotland,
and author of “The Childhood of Fiction,”
etc., writes on the Celtic Myths; and the
Slavic section is written by Professor Jan
Machal, of the Bohemian University of
Prague, the author of important works on
Slavic Mythology which have never been
translated. In the fourth volume, Dr. Uno
Holmberg, of the University of Finland,
writes of the Finno-Ugric and Siberian
Mythology. The fifth volume, on Semitic
Mythology, is by Captain R. Campbell
Thompson, the author of several well known
works upon Oriental mythological subjects.
The sixth volume is divided between India
and Persia, the first being dealt with by
Professor A. Berriedale Keith, of Edinburgh
University, author of the “Vedic Index of
Names and Subjects,” and the second by
Professor A. J. Carnoy of the University of
Louvain, author of the “Religion of the
Avesta” and other works. The seventh vol-
ume includes Armenian Mythology, by Pro-
fessor Neardiros Anani Kian, of the Kennedy
School of Missions, and the Mythology of the
Pagan Africans by George Foucart, head of
the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology
at Cairo and the author of “La Méthode
Comparative dans l’Histoire des Religions.”
Chinese Mythology, by Professor U. Hattori
of the Imperial University of Tokio, and
Japanese Mythology by Professor Masaharu
Anesaki, also of the University of Tokio,
make up the eighth volume. The ninth volume,
by Professor Roland Burrage Dixon of Har-
vard University, author of “Maidu Texts,”
discusses the Mythology of the Nealayo-
Polynesian and Australian peoples. The
tenth and eleventh volumes treat of North
American, Central and South American
Indian Mythology, and both are by Professor
Hartley B. Alexander, of the University of
Nebraska, author of numerous articles on the
American Indians. The twelfth volume
includes ancient Egyptian Mythology by Pro-


260
[October 5
THE DIAL
fessor Max Müller of the University of
Pennsylvania, author of “Egyptological
Researches,” etc., and the Mythology of
Burma, Siam, and Annam, by Sir George
Scott, editor of “The Upper Burma Gazet-
teer.”
Much of this material — as for example,
the mythologies of the Slavs, the Armenians,
the Australians, and the Siberians — will
come before English readers for the first time.
In planning this set of books, the authors
and publishers have had in mind both the
needs of the general reader who is awaking
to the importance of a more unified study of
mythology, and those of the student. The
general reader will find in the body of the
text a broad survey of “simple facts” as they
have been presented chiefly by travellers,
missionaries, and anthropologists. The inten-
tion, as outlined by Dr. Gray in his preface,
is not to bring forward any special theory of
mythology which seeks to solve every problem
by one and the same formula, but to give the
facts in the case, leaving the theories to take
care of themselves, as they can safely be
trusted to do when built upon solid founda-
tions; and yet so to relate the different vol-
umes that they will not form a chance
collection of monographs, but an organic
whole. The work aims to be scientific in the
best sense, and at the same time eminently
readable, “to set forth myths as living
entities, and, because each writer knows and
loves the mythology of which he treats, to
fill the reader with enthusiasm.” Further-
more, as Dr. Gray expresses it, “there will be
nothing in our series that can be, in Roman
Catholic phrase, ‘offensive to pious ears.’”
The student will find information of a tech-
nical nature in copious notes at the end of
each volume, a bibliography of the works
consulted in the preparation of the volume,
and in the thirteenth volume an Index, pre-
pared by the Editor, which will give not
merely the names and subjects discussed in
the various volumes, but also a topical
arrangement by which variant myths and
mythic themes of the different peoples may
be found readily and accurately.
The plan is, on the whole, an excellent one.
It will be recognized at once, however, that
the value of the work to scholars will be
somewhat discounted by the consideration
accorded to “pious ears.” On the other hand,
the scholar will not be harmed by dwelling
upon the more beautiful consummations of
primitive imagination; while the general
reader will find only what will delight and
stimulate him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
ble determination that no preconceived the-
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a “single key to all the mythologies” has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot's
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting “mere facts,”
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coördinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
“mere facts” will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear, that on “North American Mythol-
ogy,” by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,- all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. “The Indian's religion,” he
tells us, “must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all.” Myths, he declares, belong
more properly to the realm of science and
aesthetics than to that of religion,- or, as he
continues, myths detailing causes, so being
related to science in its infancy, are “perhaps
the only stories that may properly be called
myths.” It may be questioned whether the
“search for the cause” is not the chief under-
lying element in both religion and science,—
one differentiating through various stages in
which magic plays a part into ceremonies for
the honor or propitiation of the cause; the
other through magic also into ceremonies for


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth, in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the “precon-
ceived idea” stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths. -
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
with conspicuous success the task he set for
himself, that is, “a kind of critical recon-
struction of a North American Mythology.”
This was an immensely difficult task. “Beliefs
vary from tribe to tribe, even from clan to
clan; yet throughout, if one’s attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis”
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as “The Great Spirit,” “The
Deluge,” “The Theft of Fire,” “Tricksters
and Wonder Folk,” “Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies,” “Prophets and Ghost Dances,” “Sun
Worship,” besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
editor. HELEN A. CLARKE.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: “The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature,” by M. Emile Boutroux; “A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil,” by M.
Etienne Giran; and the “Works of William
Oughtred,” edited by M. Florian Cajori.


260
[October 5
THE DIAL
fessor Max Müller of the University of
Pennsylvania, author of “Egyptological
Researches,” etc., and the Mythology of
Burma, Siam, and Annam, by Sir George
Scott, editor of “The Upper Burma Gazet-
teer.”
Much of this material — as for example,
the mythologies of the Slavs, the Armenians,
the Australians, and the Siberians — will
come before English readers for the first time.
In planning this set of books, the authors
and publishers have had in mind both the
needs of the general reader who is awaking
to the importance of a more unified study of
mythology, and those of the student. The
general reader will find in the body of the
text a broad survey of “simple facts” as they
have been presented chiefly by travellers,
missionaries, and anthropologists. The inten-
tion, as outlined by Dr. Gray in his preface,
is not to bring forward any special theory of
mythology which seeks to solve every problem
by one and the same formula, but to give the
facts in the case, leaving the theories to take
care of themselves, as they can safely be
trusted to do when built upon solid founda-
tions; and yet so to relate the different vol-
umes that they will not form a chance
collection of monographs, but an organic
whole. The work aims to be scientific in the
best sense, and at the same time eminently
readable, “to set forth myths as living
entities, and, because each writer knows and
loves the mythology of which he treats, to
fill the reader with enthusiasm.” Further-
more, as Dr. Gray expresses it, “there will be
nothing in our series that can be, in Roman
Catholic phrase, ‘offensive to pious ears.’”
The student will find information of a tech-
nical nature in copious notes at the end of
each volume, a bibliography of the works
consulted in the preparation of the volume,
and in the thirteenth volume an Index, pre-
pared by the Editor, which will give not
merely the names and subjects discussed in
the various volumes, but also a topical
arrangement by which variant myths and
mythic themes of the different peoples may
be found readily and accurately.
The plan is, on the whole, an excellent one.
It will be recognized at once, however, that
the value of the work to scholars will be
somewhat discounted by the consideration
accorded to “pious ears.” On the other hand,
the scholar will not be harmed by dwelling
upon the more beautiful consummations of
primitive imagination; while the general
reader will find only what will delight and
stimulate him. It was no doubt also a sensi-
ble determination that no preconceived the-
ories were to be adopted in the interpretation
of myth. But it may be said that the day of
a “single key to all the mythologies” has
passed away with the passing of George Eliot's
Casauban. In a general sense, the various
collaborators may be able to live up to the
determination of presenting “mere facts,”
but it is doubtful whether any genuine scholar
in mythology can be wholly satisfied with
mere description. If he ventures upon any
interpretation whatever, it must be colored by
his own or received theories in regard to
origins, variations, and distributions. Nor
would such coloring of fact detract in the
least from the interest felt by the general
reader. Rather would it help to coördinate
and fix in his mind the knowledge he has
gained, and indicate to him the true value of
mythology in mind-development. Fortun-
ately, each author is given full latitude to
plan and arrange his own section; and we
confidently prophesy that the presentation of
“mere facts” will be enriched by much inter-
esting interpretation in line with the most
advanced scholarship. Indeed, the prophecy
is already fulfilled in the first volume to
appear, that on “North American Mythol-
ogy,” by Dr. Hartley Burr Alexander.
In his Introduction, Professor Alexander
has passed in review the sources of primitive
inspiration,- all of which once belonged in
the region of the hypothetical conjectures of
scholars. These are the suggestions of envir-
oning nature, the analogies of human nature,
both psychical and physiological, imagination
and borrowings. Enlarging upon these sug-
gestions, he gives a most interesting and com-
prehensive sketch of the general character-
istics of North American Mythology, in the
course of which he touches upon many of the
theories which have been advanced.
In Professor Alexander's opinion a distinc-
tion must be made between myth and religion
proper; though intimately related, they are
not identical. “The Indian's religion,” he
tells us, “must be studied in his rites, while
many mythic heroes are not important in
ritual at all.” Myths, he declares, belong
more properly to the realm of science and
aesthetics than to that of religion,- or, as he
continues, myths detailing causes, so being
related to science in its infancy, are “perhaps
the only stories that may properly be called
myths.” It may be questioned whether the
“search for the cause” is not the chief under-
lying element in both religion and science,—
one differentiating through various stages in
which magic plays a part into ceremonies for
the honor or propitiation of the cause; the
other through magic also into ceremonies for


1916]
261
THE DIAL
the control of the cause. Imagination, color-
ing every stage, finally breaks loose and works
solely on its own account. Then we leave the
purely aesthetic myth, in which, however,
are survivals of the previous stages. Why
are they not all mythology in different phases
of growth? Professor Alexander himself
proves the impossibility of getting away from
religion when writing on mythology, for he
constantly describes the gods of the different
Indian tribes, which descriptions he evidently
derives from both ritual and explanatory
myths.
It is a matter of some regret to the reviewer
that Professor Alexander does not give in his
Introduction a detailed account of animism
and its relations to clan totemism and per-
sonal totemism or guardian spirits; also, of
the practices of sympathetic magic, even if
some points here are still in the “precon-
ceived idea” stage. Certainly primitive civili-
zation based upon these ideas underlies the
mythology of the savage, just as surely as
our civilization to-day underlies all our liter-
ature. One already possessed of the knowl-
edge feels everywhere in the description and
myths the prevailing influence of animism;
yet it is nowhere expressly dealt with except
in a short note. Again, totemism is only men-
tioned expressly in the text in connection with
the Indians of the North Pacific Coast, though
there are a few references to it in the notes.
These omissions from the Introduction may
be due, as already hinted, to the fact that
many points in regard to these subjects are
still in the controversial stage, and the author
may therefore have decided that it would be
better to refer to them only in connection with
the separate descriptions in the body of the
text, generally under other terms. Or it may
be due to the fact that Professor Alexander
seems to be especially interested in the cosmic
and geographical aspects of myths.
This brings us to the body of the text, which
shows an amazing knowledge of the myths,
especially the cosmogonic and hero types, of
the North American Indian. The influence
of geographical situation and climate is every-
where traced; and comparisons of the myths
of different regions are made, bringing out
the similarities and variations. Many curious
parallels are also drawn between American
myths and those of classical antiquity.
Professor Alexander has certainly fulfilled
with conspicuous success the task he set for
himself- that is, “a kind of critical recon-
struction of a North American Mythology.”
This was an immensely difficult task. “Beliefs
vary from tribe to tribe, even from clan to
clan; yet throughout, if one's attention be
broadly directed there are fundamental simi-
larities and uniformities that afford a basis”
for such a reconstruction. No single tribe
and no group of tribes has completely
expressed this mythology — much less has
any realized the form; but the student of
Indian lore can scarcely fail to become con-
scious of a coherent system of myths, of which
the Indians themselves might have become
aware in course of time if the intervention of
Old World ideas had not confused them. All
who read the book will feel that, for the first
time, they truly know the North American
Indian in all his fantasticalness and in all his
profundity.
Under divisions treating of such tempting
subjects as “The Great Spirit,” “The
Deluge,” “The Theft of Fire,” “Tricksters
and Wonder Folk,” “Spirits, Ghosts, and
Bogies,” “Prophets and Ghost Dances,” “Sun
Worship,” besides the cosmogonic myths of
Algonquians, Athapascans, Iroquoian, Pueblo,
Zuni, and many others, will be found a rich
mine of Indian lore, made especially valuable
both to ordinary readers and to the student
by the illuminating observations and interpre-
tations of the author. The notes at the end
add much valuable information on technical
points, with references to their sources, and,
with the full bibliography and map of the
distribution of American linguistic stocks,
add scholarly weight to the volume.
A word should be said of the admirable
scheme of illustration, which aims to include
pictures of deities or of mythic incidents as
delineated by the people who themselves
believed in those deities or incidents. In the
volume before us the illustrations are full of
interest, not only for the light they throw
upon the text, but for their intrinsic signifi-
cance and the excellence of their reproduction.
Good paper, large and handsome type, and
substantial binding in brown buckram lend
their aid to the permanent value of the series.
Publishers and authors alike are to be con-
gratulated upon this brilliant inaugural vol-
ume, which in constructive interpretation
and fascinating information more than ful-
fills the promises of its author and the general
editor. HELEN A. CLARKE.
The following volumes, among others, are
announced for early issue by the Open Court
Publishing Co.: “The Contingency of the Laws
of Nature,” by M. Emile Boutroux; "A Modern
Job: An Essay on the Problem of Evil,” by M.
Etienne Giran; and the “Works of William
Oughtred,” edited by M. Florian Cajori.


262
[October 5
THE DIAL
THE LIFE-STORY OF A REFORMER."
It has been a matter of common knowledge
that Mrs. Mary Fels had no need to shine in
the reflected light of her altogether unique
husband, but that she is in a very real sense
what the astronomers call “self-luminous.”
If proof of this were required, it is given
conclusively in her book recently published,
“Joseph Fels: His Life-Work.” It would be
difficult to over-praise this biography as an
achievement in that most delicate of the fine
arts, the art of literary portrait-painting.
When the subject and author stand to each
other in the relationship of husband and wife,
it can be no easy task to subordinate the part
of lover and companion to that of the impar-
tial biographer; but this Mrs. Fels has accom-
plished with signal success, and has presented
a portrait which will be universally accepted
as a faithful and life-like memorial of one
who may well be regarded as typical of all
that is best in the progressive spirit of our
seething times. Mrs. Fels has painted with a
full brush, a firm hand, a delicate sense of
color, high lights, and shadows; yet with a
certain reserve and restraint that go far to
contribute to the charm of the book. We are
not troubled with that undue attention to
detail which is so common a weakness in those
biographies in which the affections are deeply
engaged; and the breadth of treatment is
such as to satisfy the most impressionistic of
literary tastes. The knowledge and under-
standing of the underlying principles of
political economy displayed by the author
hold the reader's attention from beginning to
end; and the various phases in the evolution
of Mr. Fels's attitude towards the social prob-
lem, showing the transition from the platform
of the philanthropist to that of the apostle of
liberty, are presented in their proper order.
Accepting the Carlylean dictum that uni-
versal history is at bottom the history of the
great men who have descended among us,
and that “if we could see them well we should
get some glimpses into the very marrow of
the world's history,” then we cannot have
too many biographies of the sort we now so
heartily welcome. For it is only through a
clear comprehension of the psychological and
spiritual forces latent and active in our great
men and women, especially those of revolu-
tionary tendencies, that we can rightly under-
stand the essential nature of the society that
produced them and their probable reaction
upon that society. That Joseph Fels was in
mind and character the product of the world-
* JoSEPH FELs: HIS LIFE-WoRk.
York: B. W. Huebsch.
By Mary Fels. New
conditions under which he lived and worked,
particularly of the new-world conditions pre-
vailing in the United States, we cannot doubt.
No other time could have evolved him, and
probably no other country than America as
it has been during the last few decades. His
life shows in macrocosm the same features
exhibited by the corporate life of the Amer-
ican people in macrocosm, the seemingly
incongruous combination of practicality with
idealism, the healthy boyish delight in the
great game of business for its own sake, the
frankly-admitted shrewdness in the driving
of bargains, the underlying sense of justice
and fair-play that refuses to blind itself to
the fact that the scales are somehow loaded
in his favor and against the losers in the game,
the experimental and futile attempts to dis-
cover and remedy this bias in the balance of
economic forces, in all these experiences we
trace a similarity to the course through which
the collective mind of the nation is slowly
threading its way. And herein lies the value
of such lives, that in them the larger world
sees itself reflected. In so far as they have
failed to solve the sphinx's riddle, society is
warned; in so far as they have succeeded,
society is encouraged; but, more important
than all, through them the inextinguishable
spark of hope is fanned into a flame, and a
faith in the principle of progress and the
justice of the eternal order takes the place of
that pessimism which pictures our present
society as rushing headlong to chaos and
destruction,-like the fate that physicists tell
us awaits the planet when the centrifugal
forces shall have worn themselves out and
nothing hinders our precipitate plunge into
the fires of the sun.
A life of incessant action must necessarily
be full of dramatic interest; and when a
man's activities, though running counter to
all the conservative forces of his age and
sympathetically to that tide of aspiration
which is each generation's witness to the per-
sistence of the will-to-live, are supported by
the kudos which wealth brings and the respect
which intellect and altruism always command,
he inevitably attracts from all classes of
society those whose spirits vibrate to the same
rhythm. Thus we feel no surprise at the
intimate friendships formed by Mr. Fels with
Henry George and Tom L. Johnson in Amer-
ica; and with Keir Hardie, General Booth,
Israel Zangwill, George Lansbury, Patrick
Geddes, Margaret MacMillan, and others
across the Atlantic. “The American who
came interfering in the domestic affairs of
England” did much to quicken the moral
sense of that country, to stimulate its zeal


1916]
263
THE DIAL
for reform, to enlighten it as to the meaning
of freedom, and to liberate it from the mental
thraldom induced by centuries of habituation
to hereditary aristocracies. It is not easy for
Americans to realize the strange feeling of
partly pleased, partly alarmed, surprise with
which Englishmen regarded the appearance
of a land-reformer exhibiting not a vestige of
that traditional respect for the titles and
symbols of nobility which has woven itself into
the warp and woof of the British mind; who
could write an open letter to the Duke of
Montrose as from one exploiter of industry to
another, reminding His Grace that in spite
of his gentility he was doing no better than
the worst of them in robbing the people of
Glasgow of a large sum of money as the price
of permission to take water at their own
expense from the natural reservoir of Loch
Katrine.
The contact of Mr. Fels with British mem-
bers of parliament and the poor-law author-
ities in his many efforts to provide, through
the utilization of waste lands and by means of
farm colonies, some kind of employment for
the poor that would be free of that stigma of
charity which he hated as by an inborn
instinct, is full of romantic interest. It is
indeed reminiscent at many points of the
struggle of his great kinsman Moses with the
conservative forces of Egypt on behalf of the
oppressed Israelites; and the total response
accorded to his efforts might appropriately
have been summed up in the words of the
writer of Exodus: “They be idle; therefore
let more work be laid upon them that they
may labor therein; and let them not regard
vain words.” His impeachment of the institu-
tion of landlordism, onwards from the point
at which he became convinced that here he
had discovered the pivot on which the entire
social problem revolves, recalls the denuncia-
tions of the later Hebrew prophets of the
iniquity of “adding field to field so that the
people have no room.”
The passages which tell of the encourage-
ment and assistance given by Mr. Fels to the
cause of woman suffrage are interesting as
showing the keenness of instinct by which
he detected every line of approach to that
condition which must underlie all human
progress, the condition of freedom; and
the author's own defense of the feminist
movement, covering three or four pages, is
perhaps one of the clearest and most incisive
statements of the case for the emancipation of
women that has yet been seen. The few pages
which Mrs. Fels devotes to dealing with the
attitude of Mr. Fels to the Zionist movement
are of deep interest, especially in view of the
recent developments of enthusiasm among the
Jewish people on the subject of the coloniza-
tion of Palestine.
By a fine artistic fitness the purely domestic
part of this impressive career is reserved for a
short chapter at the close of the book and is
headed “personal.” Without this the volume
would have been incomplete; yet the author,
with a discrimination we much admire, has
frankly recognized that the chief interest of
the public in its great men lies in their rela-
tion to the Zeitgeist, or the larger currents
of thought and movements of political opin-
ion. By the aid of two excellent portraits,
the few personal details given in this final
chapter recall the living man as he walked
among us, with a vividness that is almost
magical. Those who, like the reviewer, were
privileged to know Mr. Fels with even a small
degree of intimacy, will feel towards his biog-
rapher a large sense of gratitude for having
provided us with a fitting memorial of a
lovable friend, but still more so for having
given to the world an interior view of a type
of character that may yet redeem America
from the charge under which she lies of sub-
serviency to the god Mammon; and which
indeed, in the largest sense possible, may
prove the ultimate salvation of our unhappy
civilization.
- ALEx. MACKENDRICK.
A MASTER MUSICIAN.”
One of the signs of musical appreciation
is the evidence of interest in the personality
of the great master spirits of music. Music
is fundamentally a medium for the emotions;
but it has its intellectual aspect. We cannot
intelligently contrast the music of Palestrina
and Liszt, for example, without knowing
something of the historic background of these
men; nor are we fitted to speak of a Haydn
symphony and a Strauss tone-poem unless we
know why it was mechanically impossible for
Haydn to obtain a Strauss effect. Yet if
you should place in a hat the names of a
score of the world's greatest composers, how
many average concert-goers could even
arrange them in chronological order, let alone
give a concise statement of their several places
in music? Not that the survival of such a test
is essential to, or guarantees, the inner qual-
ity that makes for understanding and assimi-
lation of the divine in music; but surely he
is a better channel for the indescribable
surge of great music who has acquired some
* HANDEL. By Romain Rolland. Translated by A. Eagle-
field Hull. New York: Henry Holt & Co.


264
[October 5
THE DIAL
definite knowledge of the evolution of musical
art and of the lives of those precious few who
could listen to the music of the gods and
reduce it to vibrations that ordinary mortal
ears can register. So all that helps to an
acquaintance with the lives of musical com-
posers, with the periods of musical develop-
ment in which they lived, and with the spirit
of the times in which they labored, is of the
greatest value not merely to the few who seek
tethmical proficiency, but to the many who
attempt to be what have happily been called
“ureative listeners.”
This is the service which Romain Rolland
gerfºrmed in “Musicians of Former Days”
amat “Musicians of To-day,” and which he
rººts in his brief but excellent sketch of
ite life and technique of George Frederick
EEndel. The book is written in a popular
stºº for the general reader, and occupies
a fººd quite apart from that of the elaborate
works of Chrysander and Schoelcher. Yet
M. Roland makes his book readable by sound
methods. He does not deal with the legendary
Handel; he gives no weight to such stories as
that of Handel's learning to play on a clavi-
chord smuggled into the garret, or of Handel's
following on foot the carriage in which his
father journeyed to Weissenfels (where the
Duke of Saxony obtained paternal consent to
the boy's musical education), which are
recounted even in (Irove's Dictionary. The
narrative is straightforward and authenti-
cated, and given an excellent impression of
the historicity of the man who was, in a sense,
Beethoven's John the Baptist,
The book is particularly valuable for the
illuminating background which M. Rolland
furnishes by his description of places and con-
temporary persons and events. As no great
creative artis is a lone figure when you under-
stan, his sweat, it in of the first
immºrtans ºr vºw how wou and things have
ºn-- ~ swlewent of his art. . In
er ºs v. Nºw! shown his under-
lºssº a stee of biographer; his
*se sº * * of Keiser,
* sºle, Sºul, hononcini,
º-sºº aid us greatly
ºsºbºwº
* . nudel as a unique fig-
- sº - *y. Musical
-ºº º to trace
* * Nºv to stage of
- sº thus it is possi-
ºuatas or Wagner
º s or periods, with
- - land has no such
--~ style per se, to
tº reached his
zenith of power very quickly — and remained
there. It is only approximately accurate even
to speak of his operas as belonging to an ear-
lier period than his oratorios, for his first ora-
torio was composed before his first opera, while
the fact that his operas as a whole are earlier
than his oratorios is due to a practical reason,
and his greater attention to oratorio in his
later years was due to the exigencies of per-
sonal politics. In addition, Handel's oratorios
are essentially dramatic in their character.
This brings us to the second important
point which M. Rolland establishes, namely,
that Handel is falsely rated as a church
musician. He rarely wrote for the church.
Aside from his “Psalms” and “Te Deum,” he
wrote music only for concerts (including
open-air performances) and the theatre. His
oratorios were written for the theatre, and
some of the early ones were really acted. He
resolutely opposed the production of his ora-
torios in the church, even to the extent of
arousing the enmity of religious bigots, and
insisted to the end that he worked and wrote
for a free theatre. The contrary impression
doubtless has arisen from the fact that his
subjects are mainly of Biblical origin. But
Handel's oratorios are in their very nature
music-dramas; and, instead of religious
inclinations leading him to Biblical sources,
he was guided in his choice by the fact that
this material had a much more vital appeal
to the audience he addressed than had profane
mythology. Yet so tenacious are traditions
that probably for a long time will Handel
the preacher be forced in the popular esteem
to obscure Handel the artist.
M. Rolland shows the versatility of Handel
and his adaptability to all styles. He gives
an impressive list of examples to demon-
strate Handel's use of all styles without choos-
ing any one permanently, likening him to
Gluck alone in this respect. Handel's art
was universal in its nature. His genius was
attracted to everything good; and this
explains his general use not only of methods
but also of materials. It dissolves the so-
called plagiarisms. He never hesitated to
adopt the ideas of others, or to re-work his
own; but always because his genius found
therein some beauty that had been over-
looked. “Handel has evoked from the very
depths of these musical phrases, their secret
soul, of which the first creators had not even
a presentiment. It needed his eye, or his
ear, to discover in the serenade of Stradella
its Biblical cataclysms. Handel heard
great storms passing through the gentle quiv-
ering of Stradella's guitar.”


1916]
265
THE DIAL
Then there is the romanticism of Handel's
music. Perhaps M. Rolland might have
emphasized a little more Handel's foreshad-
owing of the romantic school, though he does
call him a “Beethoven in chains” and quotes
Beethoven and Haydn as pronouncing Handel
the greatest of all composers. It would have
been enlightening, however, to have traced
more definitely Handel's influence on his
successors. Haydn, Beethoven, Mozart,
Schumann, Liszt, and Wagner were only a
few of those who drew ideals from Handel.
His music is picturesque and descriptive. It
is a “picture gallery of nature” in portraying
the sea, storm, night, moonlight, sunshine, and
awakening birds. It did not escape criticism
for its non-conformity to precedent. This was
said of him by one of his critics: “He cannot
give people pleasure after the proper fashion,
and his evil genius will not allow him to do
this. He imagines a new grandioso kind of
music, and in order to make more noise he has
it executed by the greatest number of voices
and instruments which one has ever heard
before in a theatre. He thinks thus not only
to rival the god of musicians, but even all
the other gods, like Idle, Neptune, and
Jupiter: for either I expected that the house
would be brought down by his tempest, or
that the sea would engulf the whole. But
more unbearable still was his thunder. Never
have such terrible rumblings fallen on my
head.” After that we can acquit even
Schoenberg and Scriabin'
The list of Handel's compositions, the bibli-
ography, and the index are all useful. Dr.
Hull's translation is quite satisfying. There
seem to be no important errors other than
the confusion as to the Mercier portrait, which
is attributed to Thornhill in the table of con-
tents.
RUSSELL RAMSEY.
RUSSIA AND ITS POSSIBILITIES.”
The most colossal mistake that one can
make is to speak of Russia as “she.” That
common form of personification has been
responsible for many misjudgments of nations
and for many wars. That abstract concept,
“the Mother Country,” is for Russia and
nearly all other countries a very definite
Power represented by tax-collectors, rural
police, military men, by a tyranny, in other
words, which makes life hard for the great
majority of the millions that constitute that
country. “She’—of a graft-permeated bu-
* PotentIAL RUssia. By Richard Washburn Child. New
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
reaucracy; “she” of a Tsar who, though per-
sonally brave, honorable, and well-intentioned,
is so superstitious that if a visitor happens
to speak of God instantly stands at salute
with his hand at his cap like a private before
a sergeant; “she” of a régime that could sum-
mon twelve millions of men for mobilization
and fail to arm them even with sticks!
In two vivid chapters of his book entitled
“Potential Russia,” Mr. Child depicts the
fatalistic self-sacrificing spirit of Maxim, the
typical Russian muzhik, -tall, clean, light-
haired, amused at the flock-like disposition of
the troops, as they are packed into uncom-
fortable trains,—who goes forth to give his
all for Mother Russia. Of course Maxim has
not the gleam of an idea why he is torn away
from his sweetheart and his izba, but he
makes no complaint; he is only one of the
two millions who were ruthlessly sacrificed in
the Mazurian marshes because the shells which
would have rendered the fatal charge unnec-
essary “had been dumped in the snow by the
order of some railroad official.” He did not
know that the freight cars which had car-
ried them had been taken to Archangel and
reloaded with the imported goods of a Rus-
sian merchant in Petrograd. He did not
know that the railroad official had received
100 roubles a car for his part in the transac-
tion. He did not know that it was Russians
who were killing Russians. He thought the
enemy was responsible. -
Mr. Child was sent to Russia to study at
first hand the effect of the war on that great
unknown country. Not knowing the language,
he had to depend on conversations in French,
—English and German being under a ban,—
and he had the disadvantage of getting much
of his information through an interpreter.
But he has returned to this country with a
fairly definite notion of the problems which
Russia must face when the war is ended, and
(what is more important) with definite and
extremely sensible views as to the duties and
the opportunities which lie before America.
The importance of his book is not so much
in the pictures that he paints of actually
existing conditions,—the gradual awakening
of the Slav giant, the horrible sufferings of
the refugees wandering into the interior of
Russia without property, without hope, dying
like grasshoppers, though he can find even
in these by-products of war wonderful results
in human sympathy, in “a revival of social
consciousness,” the promise of “a new era of
recognition of a spiritual life.” It is rather
in the final chapters, where he tells the Amer-
ican people that if we should share in the
marvellous development that is certain to


266
[October 5
THE DIAL
come we must be represented in Russia by
a Minister who shall be worthy of the position
and by business men who shall equal the Ger-
mans in catering to the needs of the people,
who shall be high-minded and honorable and
who shall not be trying to get all and give
nothing.
Mr. Child thinks that the Russian Bureau-
cracy, after the war, will have learned a les-
son and will come to recognize and fear the
popular will, which is bound to be enlight-
ened. But he is fair even to bureaucracy, and
shows quite conclusively that the stories com-
monly circulated about "graft" are greatly
exaggerated. It is unpleasant, he says, "to
find foreign commercial representatives charg-
ing their expense accounts with the payment
of graft which was never paid, or to find for-
eign business men reciting stories of Russian
graft which have no better foundation than
that no one will require proof of them." He
himself travelled about Russia extensively,
and "was impressed by the fact that, with
the pleasant smile of those who regard the
foreigner as a guest, his offers [of fees] almost
without exception were refused by policemen,
gendarmes, customs examiners and soldiers."
Indeed, he puts graft last among the three
chief reasons for the difficulty which Russia
is still having in furnishing weapons and mis-
siles for her reserve strength of men; the
others being incompetence and transportation
difficulties.
One chapter, entitled "Russia's Better
Half," is devoted to the position and influ-
ence of women. Here Mr. Child records the
fact that the Russian Intelligentsia (which he
elsewhere spells "Intelligenza") "has in its
vague membership a startling proportion of
women." It includes titled ladies of immense
wealth, and peasant girls who speak half a
dozen languages and at the age of nineteen
publish pamphlets. He found himself, how-
ever, sympathizing with the bureaucratic fear
of ultimate industrial revolt:
The autocratic government of Russia is at least a
government. At times it takes terrible, and often
stupid, measures to suppress the people. A censor-
ship, whether in war or peace, which aims to deceive,
is a fact before the eyes of the awakening intelli-
gence more irritating than those truths which the
censorship can conceal. The fact that only half-
truths go about in rumors leads to exaggerations.
Secret police activities have stimulated rather than
restrained the spirit of revolt. But were revolt to
come successfully, the people of Russia could not
to-day supply a goverment which would last. The
intelligent class might set one up; but it would be
too idealistic to be firm, and the unintelligent mass
and mob would tear it down. It would be a Mexico
raised to the nTH power; and it is fortunate that
the war and other influences have come to give the
people a national spirit and a sense of restraint
and, in the end, a more deliberate manner of seeking
reform.
Naturally, therefore, Mr. Child does not
believe that the war will be followed by revo-
lution like that abortively started after the
Russo-Japanese War.
A remarkable chapter of Mr. Child's book
is devoted to the abolition of liquor-selling,
which he calls "a Miracle Measure," and
which he credits to the initiative of the Em-
peror even before the outbreak of hostili-
ties. Mr. Child went to Russia "an opponent
of any national prohibition," and expected
to come away with support for his views. But
he confesses that he was routed, and his
description of the marvellous success of the
repression of the vodka traffic will rejoice the
heart of total abstainers. He sets down the
following to the credit of prohibition:
An orderly mobilization.—A better trained and
more efficient army.—A reduction of crime and
immorality.—A lessening of pauperism.—A general
public opinion in favor of prohibition and its main-
tenance.—An increase of industrial efficiency, which
manufacturers and government investigators estimate
at not less than 30 per cent.—A decrease in the
economic waste involved in the consumption of alco-
hol.— A more certain resource for government
revenue.— A new era of thrift.— A new generation
of youth free from the alcoholic appetite.— Better
babies.
After two chapters prophesying the future
of Russia and outlining its almost infinite
riches, still mainly undeveloped, the volume
closes with the climax-chapter, "A Call to
America."
Mr. Child has written a valuable book,—
eminently dispassionate, friendly, critical, and
on the whole free from the glaring errors
which a series of journalistic snap-shots might
naturally have contained. There are some
misprints. In the table of contents the first
chapter is designated "Heat for Cannon."
Mr. Child invariably calls the Emperor "the
Czar," which has no excuse—at least in spell-
ing. On page 158 the word gorodovoi' mas-
querades as gordovoy. The style is generally
vivid, although sometimes reportorial and
even incorrect.
Nathan Haskell Dole.
Paul Elder & Co. have just issued "Great Spir-
itual Writers of America," by George Hamlin
Fitch. This is the third and last volume in the
series on great books of the world, begun with
"Comfort Found in Good Old Books." The new
volume treats of representative American authors
who, in the judgment of the author, illustrate the
national genius. Mr. Fitch was literary editor of
the "San Francisco Chronicle" for thirty years,
and recently has removed to London, where he is
engaged in literary and journalistic work.


1916]
267
THE DIAL
More Translations of Russian
Fiction.*
When Miss Isabel Hapgood made her first
translations of Gogol and of the Russian epic
songs, more than twenty years ago, she found
a very small public willing to follow her
enthusiasm for Slavic literature. Now gen-
eral interest in Russia is so great that she has
been urged to reissue a number of her earlier,
almost still-born, volumes, and to supplant her
selections from Gogol's "Taras Bulba" by a
version of the complete work. Few pioneers
in a new field can have had a more genuine
satisfaction in the reward of their labor than
this unusually competent student; for in her
rendering she gives the sense of being always
close to her original, carrying over into Eng-
lish the nuances of style and the numerous
provincialisms which give individual flavor
to this vivid and full-blooded tale of a semi-
savage, sixteenth-century Ukraine hero.
The picture in the book is one to be remem-
bered by readers of later Slavic fiction, for
its retrospect on the warlike and coarsely
masculine clan life of the Steppe makes possi-
ble an understanding of some contradictory
phases in the later culture so faithfully
revealed by Goncharov, Turgeniev, and their
fellows. The racial superstition which gives
to the State Church the terrible power that
Gorky's "Confession" shows it to have, the
general worship of military status that allows
"A Hero of Our Time" to prey upon society,
the traditional patriarchal despotism of heads
of families that partly causes Anna's tragedy
in Dantchenko's "With a Diploma,"—all
these elements remain in the very fibre of the
Russian race. Old Taras Bulba, with his
immense love of life, his zeal for activity
motived actually only by itself, instead, as he
fondly believes, by love of country and the
faith,—this ancient tribal hero seems indeed
at first sight very far in spirit from the sensi-
tive, introspective, and profoundly tragic
figures of many Russian stories, yet he is not
so unlike them as he appears; for emotional
power and a craving for experience charac-
•Taras Bulba. A Tale of the Cossacks. Translated from
the Russian of Nicola V. Gogol by Isabel F. Hapgood.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
The Confession. By Maxim Gorky. Translated from the
Russian by Rose Strunsky. New York: F. A. Stokes Co.
A Hero or our Time. Translated from the Russian of
M. Y. Lermontov by J. H. Wisdom and Marr Murray.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
With a Diploma, and The Whirlwind. By V. L
Nemirovitch-Dantchenko. Translated from the Russian by
W. J. Stanton-Pyper. Boston: John W. Luce A Co.
The Little Demon. By Feodor Sologub. Authorized
translation by John Cournos and Richard Aldington. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Makar's Dream, - and Other Stories. By Vladimir
Korolenko. Translated from the Russian by Marian Fell.
New York: Duffield & Co.
terize them all alike. In his case, however,
the outward goal — leadership — is easily
attainable, for he is unhesitating straightfor-
wardness itself; most of the others are so
fevered by conflicting impulses that their
ability to choose among several courses of
action is entirely obscured.
Gorky's Matvei, whose "Confession" is said
to be non-autobiographic, is perhaps the
extremest contrast to Bulba among the men
presented in these recently translated vol-
umes. His search for God, beginning in his
lonely childhood and continued after the death
of his dearly loved wife and little son, leads
him through scenes of frightful revelation.
First he discovers the falseness.of miracles
and the venality of the secular clergy; next
the rottenness of the orthodox monasteries
and the futility of ascetic renunciation;
finally he comes to a vision of the awakening
People, the humble workers and plodding
thinkers, true creators of the God who shall
ultimately exist when justice and mercy shall
have become more than hollow words among
men. This modern Pilgrim's Progress is as
replete with hope and as poignantly touching
as Bunyan's other-worldly search, notwith-
standing the bitterness of satiric intention
underlying Matvei's naively simple style. It
has neither the triteness of motive nor the
touch of sentimentality that makes so popu-
larly appealing Korolenko's pleas for social
justice,— "Makar's Dream" and "In Bad
Company"; but it has a far larger canvas
and a much wider range of thought than they.
As art, however, "The Confession" is not
to be compared to Dantchenko's two short
stories,— as modern as it in general point of
view, more detached than it in method of tell-
ing. "With a Diploma" is the brief life-history
of a woman of ordinary intelligence and of
more than ordinarily strong character, the
mistress and almost wife of a landed propri-
etor. When she discovers that her lord despises
her for lack of knowledge and for dependence
on him, she resolves through hard study to
educate herself to independence as a nurse
hoping that evidence of her capacity will bind
him firmly to her. But irony crowns the end.
Anna returns from her two years' exile in
Petrograd hospitals to find the man for whom
she has been laboring to perfect herself
entirely cold to her, and ready to cast her off
completely for another and a younger woman.
Out of the ruin that confronts her, this com-
monplace woman is shown as capable of wrest-
ing victory, of a subdued and disillusioned
sort, because each situation that came before
the climax had been met by her with an
honesty and directness impossible for the


268
[October 5
THE DIAL
meanness and cruelty of her master to wreck.
The man, like Lermontov's Pechorin — an
acidly drawn type of the worldly egoism
developed in officer's barracks — is almost too
utterly contemptible to be convincing; Pech-
orin, like him, seems to exist chiefly in order
to accent the characters of the women who
love him and of whom he so quickly tires.
Russian artists are apparently somewhat
obsessed by the fascinations of a study of
egoism in all varieties of its manifestation,
especially as a morbidity akin to madness.
Feodor Sologub prefaces the new translation
of "The Little Demon" by an explanation that
might introduce appropriately not only his
own absorbing novel but many of the tales
here briefly reviewed. After a word of com-
pliment to his translator he says:
I should like to warn my readers against the
temptation of seeing only Russian traits in this novel.
The portrait of Peredonov [the hero] is an expres-
sion of the all-human inclination towards evil, of the
almost disinterested tendency of a perverse human
soul to depart from the common course of universal
life . . and, taking vengeance upon the world for
its own grievous loneliness, to bring into the world
evil and abomination. . . A soul marred by this
tragic affliction, that of a morose separation from the
world, is borne along by a sovereign justice, which
rules worlds and hearts, upon disastrous paths,
towards madness and towards death. . . In what
blessed land is not man tormented with this agoniz-
ing sadness, these true tokens of the same morose and
sombre affliction? . . This novel will not be
accepted by you in condemnation of my country —
my country has not a few enchantments which make
her beloved, not only by her own, but also by the
observant stranger. Perhaps the attentive reader will
find even in this sombre novel certain reflections of
enchanting Russian nature, and of the live Russian
soul.
"Winifred Smith.
Recent Fiction.*
A year ago "The New Statesman," which
is generally very well intentioned about
America, and also well informed, noticed
what it called a "slump" in American litera-
ture; now the same authority (speaking
rather casually and not in any really judicial
manner) says that American literature is
insolvent. Of course, this may not be very
important even if true, and even though true
and important it may not be without remedy.
A generation ago our representative critic in
a representative magazine (well informed and
'Enoch Crane. By F. Hopkinson Smith and F. Berkeley
Arm the Manner or Men. By Francis Lynde. New
After the Manner or Men. By Francis Lynde. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
The Wall Street Girl. By Frederick Orin Bartlett.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Somewhere in Red Gap. By Harry Leon Wilson. New
York: Doobleday. Pase & Co.
The Painted Scene. By Henry Kitchell Webster.
Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
well intentioned as to England) said that
England was notably behind the rest of
Europe in the matter of fiction at least. Many
would think England to have been equally
behindhand, in those days, in poetry and the
drama; yet think what has been done since
then! How finely English fiction, poetry,
drama has recovered from what were called
bad days! Even if things be badly off with
our own literature, there are still possibilities.
I would not, even in fancy, offer myself for
the position of receiver in any such matter as
this. It would be immensely interesting to
take a literary survey, a sort of inventory or
account of stock, in the matter of American
literature, to see what we really have and to
try to form an opinion as to how far American
literature fulfils the promises it made years
ago. I suppose insolvency means that one
can not pay one's obligations,—that one can
not live up to the hopes one has aroused. It
would be interesting to look over the ground
and see what we had in American literature
to produce, when people questioned our sol-
vency. "Produce the books," people say,
when there is talk of anything of the sort,—
what is there that we have done? It would
take more information, more judgment, more
taste, to be able to tell, and much more room
than is at the moment available. Still as (I
suppose) on a hint of a slump, or on a sug-
gestion of insolvency, men are likely to
look about them to see what they have and
what it may be worth, so we may look at the
books coming out (mere novels though they
be) with rather a broader view than usual
and try to estimate what they can do to make
good the promises that American literature
has made.
I do not myself care for the novels of F.
Hopkinson Smith, but they have pleased
many readers. Mr. Smith had to a great
degree the gift of presenting attractive and
interesting phases of life in such a manner as
to arouse in many a glow of admiring interest.
He felt keenly what people vaguely call
"charm." The quality, the atmosphere, of
an old inn or a good club, of a fine old
gentleman or a dear old lady,— these were
things that appealed to him and that he made
appeal to others. I used to think that he
failed to come very close to life itself, as most
of us know it,— that he presented what we
might call an aristocratic view of life, if we
had in mind chiefly the aristocracy of the
club or the library or the comfortable bank
account. I never saw many of his pictures,
but those which I recall were like his novels
in that they showed a great gift of seeing what
was charming, fine, and beautiful, and ren-


1916]
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THE DIAL
dered it so that we thought it was charming,
fine, and beautiful. Many will think art need
go no further, and that we may be lucky
if it gets as far as that. Mr. Smith was
impressed, for one thing, with the charm of
what we may call (in this day of constant
changes) "old" New York, and he often ren-
dered it in his novels. In "Felix O'Day" he
had in mind a characteristic bit of old Fourth
Avenue; it is the bit about Washington
Square and Waverley Place that is the locality
of "Enoch Crane," a novel of which his plan
has been carried out by his son.
Mr. F. Berkeley Smith, in trying to catch
the tone of his father's reminiscence, has gone
rather farther into the past than was neces-
sary. The period of "Enoch Crane" is pre-
sumably about a generation ago. It was
somewhere in the days of horsecars; but I
can not think of any definite time when
Harrigan and Hart were old and when ham-
merless guns were new, because, as a matter
of fact, the latter chronologically preceded the
former. But doubtless Mr. Smith has the
eighties in mind. In his book, however, he
gets much farther back than that: his char-
acters and their ways of doing things belong
to a period long before the eighties; they aTe
positively archaic. The villain is certainly
the contemporary of the fine old vintages
which Mr. Smith so appreciatively mentions;
one waits expectantly to hear Sue say,
"Unhand me, sir!" He belongs not to the
time of Harrigan and Hart, but to the first
years of Tony Pastor and even the epoch
which preceded Pastor.
Enoch Crane himself has an interest per-
haps factitious; he appears to me to be not
unlike Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith himself. Of
course he had his differences,— he was a
retired lawyer and so on. But, like Mr. Smith,
Enoch Crane was preeminently a gentleman,
a man who loved what was fine and noble rin
life and hated what was low and bad. One
may be thankful for that, though it takes
more than that to be a novelist. Enoch Crane
had views on art and artists,— he declared
the need of "men who saw nature freshly and
vigorously, with open eyes, and the clear cour-
age of their convictions to smash pat on the
canvas something that was really real." That
was something that we may imagine American
literature ought to do as well as American
painting. Whether the best way to render
the really real is to smash it pat on the canvas
I have my doubts, but I have none whatever
as to the need of artists looking at life freshly
and vigorously. That is something that both
Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith and Mr. F. Berkeley
Smith understand clearly, and perhaps both
looked at life in that way,— though I think
few would get any such idea from "Enoch
Crane" or its predecessors.
It is a very easy matter to talk about,—
this looking at life freshly and vigorously;
but when you come to use it as a touchstone of
art or literature, it makes sad havoc. Mr.
Francis Lynde for some years has been known
as a writer of interesting and popular stories.
Are they popular and interesting because they
give us a fresh and vigorous view of life?
Why is it that in "After the Manner of Men"
Mr. Lynde writes of a man pursuing a busi-
ness enterprise in spite of the most violent
and underhand opposition of an unscrupulous
trust? Is it because he has "looked freshly
and vigorously at life"? No,— it is because
about twenty years ago Mr. H. K. Webster
and Mr. Samuel Merwin looked freshly and
vigorously at life and saw men struggling
against corporations; Mr. Lynde has looked
at them or their books or their followers. Why
does Mr. Lynde locate his coal-mine in the
mountains of Tennessee? Was it because he
had looked at life freshly and vigorously, and
found in the mountains of Tennessee some-
thing that he must render? Miss Mary N.
Murfree looked at life in those mountains a
generation ago, and since her day they have
been one of the conventional scenes. Why
does Mr. Lynde have a mine-manager with "a
clean-cut face and a resolute jaw," a sweet-
faced young millionaire with a cherubic
smile, a fine old crusted Southern judge, and
so on? Not surely because he has looked
freshly and vigorously at life, but (I suppose)
because in his mind such things taken
together make an interesting and attractive
story.
We may ask ourselves the same questions
with many another book. They are not cer-
tain tests partly because one can not always
be sure that one applies them rightly, and
partly because some people can write very
agreeably without much notion of life itself.
But in a general way it is some direct impres-
sion of life that we want. Take Mr. F. 0.
Bartlett's "The Wall Street Girl." This
attractive tale at once raises the question, Can
such things be? Grant that they can be, and
you get along very nicely. That is in accord
with some of the old characteristics of Ameri-
can literature. What lots of stories there used
to be with a much more impossible assump-
tion at bottom treated as though they were
the merest matters of fact,— a whole row of
them from "The Diamond Lens" on, and even
before that. So in Mr. Bartlett's story we
need not quarrel with the man's being dead
broke because of the father's strange will,


270
[October 5
THE DIAL
and the nice stenographer lending him two
dollars to get egg sandwiches with. Still, as
one goes on it does not seem the closest
realism.
Realism has for some time been one of the
great cards of American literature. Back in
the seventies, some will remember, Mr.
Howells and Mr. James were making great
beginnings as realists; that is, they seemed
so in the public mind, though nowadays it is
hard to see how any one could have thought
of them as doing anything to be described by
the same word. Perhaps they really did
both put aside literary traditions, fancy under
the name of romance, idyllic sentiment, and
go in for the real thing. Plenty of Americans
have done so since that day, though perhaps
we have done nothing much better than many
other people. But I do not believe we can
put Mr. Bartlett's novel under the head of
realism,— any way, of the old-time kind. It
is impossible for me to say that the life of
clerk and stenographer in a Wall Street office
is different from the picture that he draws,
for such life is something that I only know
about from such periodicals as "The Ladies
Home Journal," and so on. But it bears the
stamp in my mind of fancy and sentiment
and tradition. It is a charming idyll of
Wall Street and old New England; but it
does not give that so desirable thrill which
comes somehow when we get the real thing.
Certainly there is much that would seem as
an asset in "Somewhere in Red Gap." I am
not "up" (as used to be said) in the work of
Mr. Harry Leon Wilson; even Ruggles of the
same Red Gap is unknown to me except by
report, which, of course, is very favorable. But
such ignorance may be a help to an unprej-
udiced judgment. Here is a book which in
some respects is just what might be expected
in American literature, at least just what the
English might expect. It is humorous, for
one thing; and humor, though rather hard
to appreciate in the passage of time, is a
characteristic American quality. If we could
hold our own in humor we should be all right
in one great element. Americans themselves
have not always appreciated their own humor,
and even foreigners sometimes have not. The
humor of Abraham Lincoln was often best
enjoyed by himself. It seems, indeed, as
though Mr. Wilson were a little esoteric, as if
he belonged to an inner circle with thought
and language relating especially to it; it
seems as if you had to have been submitted to
a sort of initiation into American life, to have
been a good deal tumbled round by it in
fact, to appreciate him. But when you have
such initiation you will find the stories of Red
Gap not only very humorous, but, like all
good humor, something beside. The main
conceptions are rather conventional, but that
is only a means. Take "The Red Splash of
Romance,"—there is much in the story: if
people would read it and take it to heart
where they need to, our great American
audience would be vastly improved in aesthetic
taste and perhaps moral character. There was
the fat Hobo Poet on a coast-to-coast walking
tour, who went to peoples' offices and handed
out a card with a poem on it,— a poem com-
parable with the best of Euphemia Hemans
Simpson or Mary C. Burke. The account of
his subsequent recital at the Country Club
and his leaving town is rather a conventional
extravagance; but in spite of that the story
is an excellent satire, and full of delightful
things. Many will think it a bit crude, but
it has a tonic quality. It has all the unex-
pected hyperbole, the generalizations in whim-
sical national traits, the observation of absurd-
ities grown common by daily habit, the
ingenious use of literary journalistic chest-
nuts, that come so naturally (it would seem)
to the American humorist. "Somewhere in
Red Gap" is at least American; no other
nation could have produced it.
I should think "Somewhere in Red Gap"
ought to be counted as an asset, and I feel
quite sure Mr. Webster's new book, "The
Painted Scene" is an asset. One of the nice
things about this last is that it does so much
to explain itself, as far as such things ever
can be explained. One of the people in it is
a young dramatist who had just made a strik-
ing success. An expert explained to him that
his work had followed some of the profound-
est maxims of the theatre, but he himself felt
differently. His own explanation was that
"he'd had the luck to get hold of a good
story, that it concerned itself with the sort of
people he understood, and that he 'd managed
to present it and them with a kind of fresh-
ness and honesty that proved attractive."
That is not so different from Enoch Crane's
thoughts on art. Whether so or not, it is
not very different from what Mr. Webster
has done. Here is something that rings the
bell (to use a favorite figure of the author),
— which shows us in a minute that it is worth
while. Perhaps another might account for it
by the profoundest maxims of the short-story;
I am better satisfied with Mr. Webster's way
of putting it.
"The Painted Scene" is a set of sketches of
the world of the theatre, or rather of that
particular part of the theatre known as
musical comedy,— which has had its place
before in Mr. Webster's work. It is not a


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271
THE DIAL
novel, and does not pretend to be. But though
it has not the definite structure of action and
character that so often seems the necessary
thing to make the right impression, it has
something else that does quite as well. It is
full of amusing details, colloquialisms and
slang, simple mention of generalities of life
not always noticed, light allusions to the stock
white checks of theatrical thought, easy tech-
nicalities, and so on. But these things alone
would not carry a collection of stories. There
is something else,— something different from
these things, which in one form or another are
not unusual. That proverbial "difference,"—
Mr. Webster of course knows all about it.
Take the pair who met at the stage door,
went to one of the regular restaurants and
ordered one of the regular suppers, including
a quart of the regular champagne,— the only
thing that made them amusing, worth telling
about, something with a punch, was the fact
that after those ordinary beginnings came a
difference. We may look at Mr. Webster
just as he looked at them.
Mr. Webster seems to know pretty well
what he is about, and that I suppose is art.
As his own musical director said, his work "is
good. Very nice. It has charm and some
originality." But it has also the one other
thing needful,— the "something to whistle."
This, I presume, means that it has something
that fixes itself in your mind with a recurrent
obsession which if it lasts long enough, sesthe-
ticians say, is one of the few unvarying notes
of beauty, in art or anywhere else. But I
doubt if it is good to go farther with my
abstract generalizations of what is so easy to
get in a particular and concrete form. I, at
least, like it better as Mr. Webster puts it.
Edward E. Hale.
Briefs on New Books
Two type* of
the present-
day soldier.
The "hero" of Mr. Edward
Morlae's "A Soldier of the
Legion" (Houghton) is very
unlike the famous person who lay dying in
Algiers. Whatever may be the historical
merits of the little narrative or the personal
merits of its author,— opinions differ on both
points,— the book certainly steers clear of the
moralistic comment now so wearisome to
every reader of war "impressions." The nar-
rative records the deed of a sergeant and one
company of the Foreign Legion, who fought
in the great Champagne offensive. As an
elegy of the 2me Stranger now disbanded, it
is harsh and crude enough — as perhaps it
ought to be; it is apparently untouched with
pity; there may even be a pose in its seem-
ingly consistent heartlessness. But surely
many men see and feel in battle as this man
saw and felt. Horrors become so common as
to be unworthy even of bored remark; men
live literally in and for the passing seconds,
with no thought of before and after. "Je
m'excite!" exclaims an angry legionary —
because he cannot recover a bit of chocolate
from the knapsack of a dead comrade. The
soldiers of the Legion, or of Sergeant Morlae's
company, were no "bloomin' 'eroes"; but,
at the very least, most of them died in a not
ignoble manner.—It is a peculiar relief to
read Mr. Morlae's book after Mr. C. Lewis
Hind's "A Soldier Boy" (Putnam). The
people of these "sketches and cameos" seem
to live on a diet of Watts's pictures,
Mendelssohn's music, and the worst of
Henley's poetry. A thin coat of conventional
devotionalism whitewashes the whole surface
of the book. It is hard to believe that "soldier
boys" tolerate such humid sentimentality.
Beer and skittles and soldiers of the legion
are more probable stuff.
A Russian
biography of
Dostoievsky.
M. Soloviev's study of "Dostoi-
evsky: His Life and Literary
Activity" (Macmillan) is ad-
dressed so distinctly to a Russian public thor-
oughly familiar with Dostoievsky's writings
that one wonders what motives have led to its
translation. The book is a sort of review
of previous biographies, and presupposes a
considerable knowledge of the subject. The
uninitiated reader gets little but a few scat-
tering glimpses instead of a clear idea of the
personality of the man, and misses a general
discussion of his novels and literary crafts-
manship. Dostoievsky's works are notoriously
subjective, yet there is little attempt to point
the relation between them and his varied
experience. The most interesting chapters in
the book — perhaps the only ones to which
the general reader will care to turn a second
time — are the introduction and the conclu-
sion. The first, while containing nothing new,
draws a clear distinction between the genius
of Dostoievsky and that of his great contem-
poraries, Tolstoy and Turgenev; it explains
the difficulties, mental and material, under
which the former had to work, and sketches
his philosophy of life. The last chapter, draw-
ing largely on the "Diary of a Writer," is an
exposition of Dostoievsky's attitude toward
social questions in Russia. Always an ardent
sympathizer with the third estate, his dom-
inant idea is insistence on what may be
learned from the people and what must be
done for the people.


272
[October 5
THE DIAL
two new book, A recent book dismisses Dante
about -a waning and others as "waning classics."
Florentine and Miltonic theolo-
gies are outworn, no doubt; and it stands to
the further and vast discredit of the theolo-
gians that they have nothing specific to say
about such pulsating "modern" interests as
movies, submarines, suffrage, and the Gary
School System. In spite of these damning
facts, Professor Alfred Brooks, in his volume
on "Dante: How to Know Him" (Bobbs-
Merrill), has the hardihood to say that "The
Divine Comedy" "deals with those questions
only, which are of perennial concern to man,
in every generation." And one of the favorite
themes exploited in Professor J. F. Fletcher's
little study of Dante in the "Home University
Library" (Holt) is "The Modernness of
Dante." These two books are both "popular,"
in purpose,— both are written for cheap series
of wide circulation. Of course both profes-
sors are exponents of an aristocratic and
effete culture, and they are therefore highly
prejudiced and dangerous judges. Mr.
Brooks's work follows the general design of
the series to which it belongs. There is a
brief and very elementary introduction, fol-
lowed by extracts from "The Divine Comedy,"
illuminated by notes and a running commen-
tary. The introduction and comment read
simply and smoothly; and the prose of the
translations, while not distinguished, is quite
tolerable. Mr. Fletcher's exposition of
Dante's corpus of work is more extended and
authoritative. The three main chapters deal
with Dante's Personal Confessions, his Teach-
ing, and his Art. The wonderful architec-
tonics of "The Divine Comedy" are exhibited
in considerable detail, and yet with entire
simplicity and conciseness. Perhaps the best
thing about Mr. Fletcher's book is the clear-
ness with which the author explains the
rigorous unity of purpose that welds into one
body all of Dante's books. The visions do
more than "charm mankind exclusively as
poetry." "A social justice bent on giving
each individual . . his fullest scope . .;
an individual and collective service wholly
dedicated and efficiently controlled to the real-
ization of human perfection . . ;liberty,
equality, fraternity, interpreted essentially in
the spirit of the twentieth century,"—such is
said to be Dante's "message." A great and
sweeping claim indeed! And Mr. Fletcher
goes far toward its justification. Perhaps it
is ungracious to pick a flaw in such a book,
but one wishes the author had used transla-
tions of his own instead of those by Mr.
Henry Johnson, which are new and doubtless
faithful but are not poetry.
Crime and
the economic
environment.
A somewhat laborious study of
"Criminality and Economic
Conditions," translated from the
Dutch of William Adrian Bonger by Mr.
Henry P. Horton, is a late addition to the
noteworthy "Modern Criminal Science Series"
(Little, Brown, & Co.). The first part is
historical in character and deals with the
treatment given the subject by more than
fifty writers,— from Thomas More down to
men of to-day. The general conclusion of
this survey is that these writers, with few
exceptions, had but little comprehension of
the very important bearing of economic con-
ditions on crime. The author's point of view
toward his subject is based on the Marxian
philosophy that the forms of production con-
dition the life and ideals of the people. So
strong is his faith in the economic interpreta-
tion of social life that he devotes one chapter
to a discussion of the present economic sys-
tem, and another to the different social classes.
These latter, he concludes, owe their origin
not to innate differences in capacity but to
the existing system of production. Likewise,
the different forms of marriage are similarly
determined. The family has a peculiarly
definite economic basis. Prostitution, whether
the result of environment, ignorance, poverty,
or other causes, is the consequence of exist-
ing social conditions which relate back to
the economic system; although in a few cases
degeneracy or defectiveness may be charged
with the blame. Elaborate statistics are pro-
duced to demonstrate the argument relating
to prostitution. Alcoholism is largely the
result of poverty, and has oppressed civiliza-
tion because of the increasing development of
capitalism; individual or pathological causes
are negligible factors. In Book II., entitled
"Criminality," the author contends that prim-
itive man was no more egoistic than his mod-
ern descendant, and that the economic system
which has produced the proletariat must be
charged with the mass of crimes that are being
committed in the present era. A vast array of
statistics is presented showing the relation of
crime to illiteracy, poverty, occupation, and
conjugal condition. Crimes against poverty
and against persons are discussed, and the
low average of criminality among women is
explained. Crimes of vengeance form the
largest group, followed by economic, sexual,
and political crimes. An examination of these
various forms of crime reveals the conclusion
that even here the prevailing economic condi-
tions are the chief determining factors. No
one can read this book without feeling the
manifest bias of the author. It is indeed a
powerful presentation of a plausible theory,


1916]
273
THE DIAL
and the facts are skilfully marshalled to prove
the author's contentions. But the reader feels
that he is listening to the advocate rather than
to the judge. The causes of crime seem to he
too readily reduced to one underlying cause
thoroughly to convince the open-minded
reader. Nevertheless, the hook should impel
men and women to consider at once a practi-
cable programme for improving the economic
environment.
M. Andre Maurel's "A Month
IsZrUm"'' in. Rome" (Putnam) is what
might be called a sentimental
guide-book — sentimental in the good sense.
Facts it contains in abundance, but no one
should look to it as a substitute for the practi-
cal guide-book. The sentence M. Maurel
applies to himself on his visit to Hadrian's
Villa, "a simple pilgrim, interested only in
impressions, I have no other thought than
. . to note down the passing reflections that
they [the places] arouse," describes his atti-
tude toward his subject. The book is a com-
ment on facts rather than a statement of facts,
and assumes on the part of the reader an
already considerable familiarity with them.
This accounts for its strength, which is to
help the visitor among Rome's wealth of mon-
uments to a spiritual interpretation of them,
and also for its weakness, which is the fitful-
ness of its appeal to the reader of ordinary
equipment. It will be used with greatest
profit by the actual visitor in Rome, and next
by the returned visitor. Its make-up is
unique. It is divided into thirty "Days,"
representing as many rambles and excursions
in and about the city. Each "Day" has at
its head a map of the section to be visited, is
given a suggestive title, such as "The Paternal
Mansion — the Forum," or "Buskin's Mis-
take— Minerva, Cosmedin," and is accompa-
nied by good illustrations. The spirit of the
book is what might be expected in a work
written by the author of "Little Cities of
Italy." M. Maurel is genial and suave, never
quarrelsome nor iconoclastic; he is well
informed, yet not pedantic. "A Month in
Rome" is the familiar yet polished discourse
of one possessed of receptive mind and heart
who has read and meditated upon Roman and
Italian history, art, and literature in the
places of their creation, and enjoys communi-
cating his impressions. It is greatly to be
regretted that many such inaccuracies as
"Cataline," "Thebian," "Santa Agnesa," and
"marcellum," mar the text. Whether they are
to be charged to the author, or (what is more
likely) to the translator, the effect is to lessen
the reader's confidence and respect.
Any authoritative book that
slltt. Africa. throws light on the romantic
career of Louis Botha is welcome
in these days, so that Mr. Harold Spender's
"General Botha: The Career and the Man"
(Houghton) is certain of a reading. Nor will
Mr. Spender's readers be disappointed if they
look for no more than an account of Botha's
chief activities, from his boyhood to the con-
clusion of the conquest of German South-
West Africa. The book is a well written and
entertaining account of the succession of
apparent miracles achieved by Botha, but we
are given no clue to the methods by which
the miracles were achieved. Although Mr.
Spender devotes his last chapter to Botha the
man, he succeeds in doing little more than
whetting our appetite. We are given an
account of Botha's daily activities, together
with some impression of his outward char-
acteristics; but the man's thoughts — his
doubts, temptations, moods — remain undis-
closed. Here and there, however, we get
glimpses that prove more enlightening than
chapters of description. The bald fact that,
rather than disturb old memories, Botha has
never revisited the farm, "Waterval," which
had been home to him until the British
burned it, comes as a momentary flood of
light. In the course of the war we see him
acting as a decoy, to draw pursuing British
regiments away from the last remaining mem-
bers of the Transvaal Government. We see
him make a miraculous escape by night
through a gap in the surrounding circle of
his enemies, sitting upright that he may pro-
tect the body of his son from rifle fire. And,
perhaps best of all, when his one-time friend
and now bitter political opponent Hertzog
seeks to improve relations between Dutch and
British by talk about the possible treachery
of British rule, we hear his retort: "He
reminds me of a man on his honeymoon tell-
ing people what he would do if his wife
became unfaithful to him." Doubtless the
fact, referred to more than once, that Botha
looks back on the Boer War with feelings only
of sadness, and that he steadfastly refuses to
be drawn into talk about it, even rebuking
mention of it at his own table by his children,
is an obstacle not easy for the would-be biog-
rapher to overcome. Yet without attempting
a formal biography, Mr. Spender has estab-
lished Louis Botha's position as one of the
great men in modern history and one of the
noblest; and he has stirred desire to the point
of insistence on a true biography to follow.
His book will be read and enjoyed, but with
the sort of gratitude that is a keen sense of
more and better things to come.


274
[October 5
THE DIAL
The eternal
feminine in
Charlotte Bronte
Of books about Charlotte Bronte
there promises to be no end, nor
is any end desired, so interesting
a character is she. Though no later work will
displace Mrs. Gaskell's absorbing biography
of her friend, there is always room for such
sympathetic studies of this enigmatic person
as Miss Maud Goldring's "Charlotte Bronte
the Woman" (Scribner). It is the hopeless
love of a human heart that the writer offers
to our view in the three chapters of her little
book. "Preparation," "The Coming of Love,"
"Loneliness and Fame" are the headings to
these chapters; and of course it is the much-
discussed attachment of Charlotte to her
Brussels schoolmaster that forms the writer's
main theme. Delicately, and with a woman's
sympathy and insight Miss Goldring handles
her subject, not with the gleeful malice
that has inspired other recent writers on
what has seemed to them merely the ludic-
rously pathetic passion of a lovesick old
maid. A very human and lovable Charlotte
Bronte, and one who knows how to preserve
her dignity even in her heartbroken letters
to her "dear master," moves with sad steps
across the pages of the little book, which closes
with a few hitherto unpublished Bronte frag-
ments.
Through Latin A bo™ traveller, with a good
America deal of the irreclaimable tramp
or hobo in his composition, Mr.
Harry A. Franck (who candidly calls him-
self "an incurable vagabond") is also a briskly
entertaining writer on the countries and
peoples he has seen with humorously observ-
ant eyes in the course of his peregrinations.
"Tramping through Mexico, Guatemala, and
Honduras" (Century Co.) has the same care-
less swing, the same inoffensive self-assertive-
ness, as "A Vagabond Journey around the
World," by the same pen. Its chronological
place is just before "Zone Policeman 88," the
writer's account of five months in the Canal
Zone, and it clears the stage, as a foreword
explains, "for a larger forthcoming volume
on South America giving the concrete results
of four unbroken years of Latin-American
travel." Frequent photographs by the author
help to paint the moral of his rambling narra-
tive, though neither text nor illustrations go
far toward solving the Mexican problem that
gives a peculiar present interest to such vol-
umes as his. The shrewd observation, buoy-
ant spirits, and gusto for adventure in this
second Josiah Flynt will make him, if they
have not already made him, a favorite with
readers of travel literature. A spice of
danger piquantly seasons some of his hardy
undertakings in quest of new experience.
Notes and News.
One of the few books on the Gallipoli cam-
paign is "On the Anzac Trail," to be published
shortly by Messrs. Lippincott & Co.
By the death of Miss Mary Plummer Wright,
library students and librarians have lost a most
influential leader. For over thirty years she
directed her energies to the study of library
science, and labored to teach librarians how best
to perform their duties and to inspire in young
and old a love of purposeful reading of books.
Her "Hints to Small Libraries" has been of ines-
timable value to librarians in the smaller cities.
Miss Plummer also did creative work in poetry
as well as prose.
John Trevena, after a long silence, is represented
among the forthcoming announcements. His novel
is entitled "A Drake, By George!" and his pub-
lisher is Mr. Alfred A. Knopf. The story nar-
rates the romantic adventures of a group of char-
acters who live in Devonshire, among them old
Captain Drake, who bluffs himself into a virtual
dictatorship of the village of Highfleld; his
nephew, who is forever looking for the man who
invented work; and Miss Sophy, who is always
forgetting the things that actually happen and
imagining situations that do not.
Spain has lost one of her most distinguished
men of letters and dramatists by the death of
Jose Echegaray. He produced nearly fifty plays,
of which the best known is "El Gran Galeoto,
the title taken from Dante, and a play which
depicts the fatal mischief which may arise from
malicious gossip. Other of his better known plays
are "El Hi jo de Don Juan" ("The Son of Don
Juan"), "Mariana," and "0 Locura 0 Santidad"
("Folly or Saintliness"). Echegaray began his
career as a professor of mathematics, and through-
out all his dramas there runs a thread of the
exactness which came with his long training as a
mathematician.
In October the committee of the Dramatic
Museum of Columbia University is issuing, in
limited editions, the third series of documents
dealing with the theatre: "How Shakespeare
Came to Write 'The Tempest,'" by Rudyard
Kipling, with an introduction by Ashley H.
Thorndike; "How Plays are Written," letters
from Augier, Dumas, Sardou, Zola, and others,
translated by Dudley Miles, with an introduction
by William Gillette; "A Stage Play," by Sir
William Schenck Gilbert, with an introduction
by William Archer; "A Theory of the Theater,"
by Francisque Sarcey, translated by H. H. Hughes,
with an introduction by Brander Matthews; a
catalogue of models and stage sets in the Dramatic
Museum of Columbia University.
Mr. Roland Holt for some years has been in the
habit of sending (on request only, of course) to
authors whose manuscripts have been rejected by
his publishing house, Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.,
a list of books which he "timidly recommends" for
the study of would-be novelists as being in his
judgment among the best examples of clear, sin-
cere, and simple writing. The books are as


1916]
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follows: "Conquest of Canaan," by Booth Tarking-
ton; "Honorable Peter Sterling," by Paul L.
Ford; "Soldiers of Fortune," by R. H. Davis;
"The House of Mirth," by Edith Wharton; "The
Soul of Margarita," by Josephine Dodge Daskam
(Mrs. Bacon); "The Four Million (short stories),"
by 0. Henry; "The Virginian," by Owen Wister;
"Amos Judd," by J. A. Mitchell; "Ekkehard,"
by Scheffel; "Hereward the Wake," by Charles
Kingsley; "On the Face of the Waters/' by Mrs.
Steel; "Rupert of Hentzau," by Anthony Hope;
"The Forest Lovers," by Maurice Hewlett.
Announcements of Fall, Books.
The length of The Dial's annual list of
books announced for fall publication, con-
tained in the issue of September 21, made it
necessary to carry over to the present number
the following entries, comprising the full
announcement list of text-books, juvenile, and
holiday gift-books of the season.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
International Cases, Vol. I., Peace, by Ellery C.
Stowell and Henry F. Munro, $2.50.—Types of
News Writing, by Willard C. Bleyer, $1.40.—Oral
Reading, by Lee Emerson Bassett.—Problems of
Religion, by Durant Drake.—Shakespeare Ques-
tions, an outline for the study of the leading
plays, by Odell Shepard, 50 cts.—The Year Out-
of-Doors, by Dallas Lore Sharp.—Industrial Read-
ers, by Eva March Tappan, comprising: The
Farmer and His Friends, Diggers in the Earth,
Makers of Many Things, Travelers and Traveling;
each illus., per vol., 45 cts.—Practical English
Composition, by Edwin L. Miller, Book IV., 35
cts.—A Rural Arithmetic, by Irwin A. Madden and
Edwin A. Turner.—Once Upon a Time in Con-
necticut, by Caroline Clifford Newton, illus., 60 cts.
—Fairy-Tale Bears, edited by Clifton Johnson,
school edition, illus.—High School Prize Speaker
and Reader, edited by W. L. Snow. (Houghton
Mifflin Co.)
Constructive English, by Ina C. Emery, 80 cts.—
Selections from Sidney Lanier, verse and prose,
edited by Henry W. Lanier, 50 cts.—George Sand's
La Mare au Diable, edited by Marie Karcher
Brooks, 50 cts.—Gerstacker's Irrfahrten, edited
by William R. Price, 50 cts.—Von Wildenbruch's
Das Edle Blut, edited by Charles Holzwarth, 50
cts.—French Songs, selected and arranged by Max
Walter and Anna Woods.—The Country Life
Reader, edited by O. J. Stevenson.—Story-Land
Dramatic Reader, by Catherine T. Bryce, illus.,
40 cts.—Natural Method Third Reader, by H. T.
McManus and John H. Haaren, illus. in color.—
Cicero's Selected Orations and Letters, edited by
Arthur W. Roberts and John C. Rolfe.—A Har-
mony of the Synoptic Gospels for Historical and
Critical Study, by Ernest DeWitt Burton and
Edgar Johnson Goodspeed.—A Manual of Dress-
making, by Jane Fales.—A Phonetic French
Reader, by Anna Woods Ballard.—Short Stories for
Oral Spanish, by C. O. Stewart.—Grammar School
Songs, by C. H. Farnsworth. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
A Political and Social History of Modern Europe,
1500-1915, by Carlton J. H. Hayes, 2 vols.—Sir
Walter Raleigh, poet, soldier, explorer, historian,
selections from his poetry and prose, edited by
Frank W. C. Hersey.—A Guide to Good English,
by Henry Noble MacCracken and Helen E.
Sandison.—A Course in Qualitative Chemical Analy-
sis, by Charles Baskerville and Louis J. Curtman,
revised edition.—General Physics, by Henry
Crew, revised edition.—A Text-Book of Botany for
Colleges, by William F. Ganong.—An Introduction
to Astronomy, by Forest Ray Moulton, new edi-
tion.—Morphology of Invertebrate Types, by
Alexander Petrunkevitch.—The Fundamentals of
Psychology, by W. B. Pillsbury.—Differential and
Integral Calculus, by Clyde E. Love.—Electrical
Measurements, by C. M. Smith and Earle Raymond
Hedrick.—Elements of Analytic Geometry by
Alexander Ziwet, Louis Allen Hopkins, and Earle
Raymond Hedrick.—Principles of Commerce, by
Harry Gunnison Brown.—The Outlines of Econom-
ics, by Richard T. Ely, new edition, revised and
enlarged by the author, Thomas S. Adams, Max O.
Lorenz, and Allyn A. Young.—Applied Sociology,
by H. P. Fairchild.—The Principles of Insurance,
by W. F. Gephart, Vol. I., Life, Vol. II., Fire-
Modern Currency Reforms, by E. W. Kemmerer.
—Readings in Money and Banking, selected and
adapted by Chester A. Phillips.—A Laboratory
Course of Practical Electricity, by Maurice J.
Archbold.—History of Commerce, by Cheesman A.
Herrick.—The Macmillan Spanish Series, compris-
ing: A Practical Spanish Grammar, by Ventura
Fuentes and Victor Francois; An Elementary
Spanish-American Reader, by B. M. A. DeVitis; A
South American Historical Reader, by Edward
Watson Supple and Frederick B. Luquiens; Leyen-
das Historicas Mejicanas, by James Bardin; Span-
ish-American Commercial Reader, by Glenn Levin
Swiggett.—Household Accounting and Economics,
by W. A. Sheaffer.—Pocket Classic Series, new
vols.: A Collection of Letters, edited by Margaret
Coult; Lowell's Essays, selected and edited by Er-
nest G. Hoffsten; Representative Short Stories,
edited by Nina Hart and Edna Perry; Selections
from American Poetry, edited by Margaret S. Car-
hart; Shakespeare's Richard III., edited by A. R.
Brubacher; Short Stories and Selections, edited by
Emilie Kip Baker; Southey's Life of Nelson,
edited by Frederick H. Law; Shakespeare's Romeo
and Juliet, edited by Jennie F. Chase; Dickens's
Oliver Twist, edited by Frank W. Pine; A Collec-
tion of Essays, edited by Eric Parson.—Agricultural
Arithmetic, by W. T. Stratton, A.M., and B. L.
Remick, illus., 50 cts.—The Ideal Catholic Readers,
by a Sister of St. Joseph, new vols.: The Fourth
Reader, The Fifth Reader, The Sixth Reader; per
vol., 45 cts.—Elements of the Theory and Practice
of Cookery by Mary E. Williams and Katharine
Rolston Fisher, revised and enlarged edition, $1.—
Manual of Physical Training and Preparation for
Military Training for Schools of the United States,
by Frederick A. Kuenzli and Henry Panzer.—Con-
structive-Play Problems, by William S. Marten.—
Everyday Bookkeeping, by Artemus M. Bogle.—A
Child's Book of Holiday Plays, by Frances
Gillespy Wickes — A Child's Book of Verse, by
Ada Skinner and Frances Gillespy Wickes, Books
I., II., and III.—Letters of Polly, the Pioneer, by
Stella Humphrey Nida.—The Romance of Labor,
by Frances Doane Twombly and John Cotton Dana.
—Farm Spies, how boys investigated field crop
insects, by A. F. Conradi and W. A. Thomas.—
Oceania, by James Franklin Chamberlain, Ed.B.,
and Arthur Henry Chamberlain, B.S.—Every-
child's Series: The Knight of the Lion, by


276
[October 5
THE DIAL
Annette B. Hopkins; How Man Makes Markets, by
William B. Werthner; How the Present Came from
the Past, by Margaret E. Wells; Old Stories for
Young Readers, by Laura A. Large; A Visit to
the Farm, by Laura A. Large; Heroes of Conquest
and Empire, by Etta M. Underwood; each illus.,
per vol., 40 cts. (Macmillan Co.)
English Literature for High Schools, by Edwin L.
Miller, illus., $1.50.—Brief History of the United
States, by Matthew P. Andrews, illus., $1.—Text
Book of Domestic Science, by Elizabeth B. Kelley,
$1.—Animal Husbandry, a high school text-book,
by Carl W. Gay, illus., $1.50. (J. B. Lippincott
Co.)
Laboratory Manual of General Chemistry, by Arthur
Becket Lamb, Ph.D.—Genetics and Eugenics, a
text book for students of biology, by William
Ernest Castle. (Harvard University Press.)
Second-Year Mathematics for Secondary Schools, by
Ernst B. Breslich.—University of Chicago Science
Series, new vols.: The Electron, by Robert Andrews
Milliken; Finite Collineation Groups, by Hand F.
Blichfeldt.—Parallaxes of Twenty-Seven Stars, by
Frederick Slocum and Alfred Mitchell. (University
of Chicago Press.)
The Use of the Infinite instead of the Finite Verb
in French, by Benjamin F. Luker, Ph.D. (Colum-
bia University Press.)
Ibsen's Ein Volksfeind, edited by J. Lassen Boysen.
—Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea, edited by F.
W. C. Lieder. (Oxford University Press.)
Readings in Social Problems, by A. B. Wolfe.—
Outlines of European History, by Robinson and
Beard, Part II.—A Guidebook to the Biblical
Literature, by J. F. A. Genung.—Southern Life in
Southern Literature, by Fulton.—Scott's Ivanhoe,
edited by Lewis.—International Modern Language
Series, new vol.: Daudet's Le Petit Chose. (Ginn
& Co.)
Physics and Chemistry for Nurses, by Amy Eliza-
beth Pope, illus., $1.75. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Grammar Lessons, by Charles A. McMurry, 60 cts.
—Language Lessons, by Charles A. McMurry, 40
cts. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Play Awhile, a dramatic reader, by Margaret A.
Doheny, illus., 50 cts.—Wide Awake Junior, an easy
primer, by Clara Murray, illus., 30 cts. (Little,
Brown & Co.)
The Contemporary Short Story, by Harry T. Baker.
—Oral English for High Schools, by Antoinette
Knowles.—Working Composition, by John B.
Opdycke.—Heywood's A Woman Killed with Kind-
ness and The Fair Maid of the West, edited by
Katherine Lee Bates.—Wycherley's The Country
Wife and The Plain Dealer, edited by George B.
Churchill.—The Arden Series, new vols.: Part II.
of Shakespeare's King Henry IV., edited by L.
Winstanley; The Tempest, revised by Katherine
Lee Bates.—American Patriotic Prose, edited by
A. W. Long.—Five Hundred Practical Questions
on Economics by a Committee of the New England
History Teachers' Association.—European History,
Part I., by Hutton Webster.—Physical Chemistry,
by A. T. Lincoln.—Vocational Mathematics for
Girls, by W. H. Dooley.—Halevy's L'Abbe Con-
stants, new illus. edition by Thomas Logic.—
Alternative Exercises for Fraser and Squair's
Shorter French Course.—France's Le Crime de
Sylvestre Bonnard, edited by J. L. Borgerhoff.—
Lettres Bur la Guerre de 1914, edited by Neil C.
Arvin.—A Notebook of Modern Languages, by I.
H. B. Spiers.—Gender and Declension of German
Nouns, by Caroline T. Stewart.—Freytag's Die
Journalisten, with vocabulary, edited by W. 8.
Toy.—Herzog'B Die Burgkinder, edited by O. G.
Boetzkes.—Guerber's Marchen und Erzahlungen,
Part I., with direct method exercises, by W. R.
Myers.—Elements of German Grammar for Review,
by M. H. Haertel and G. C. Cast.—Progressive Les-
sons in German, by R. W. Huebsch and R. F.
Smith.—Spanish Commercial Correspondence, by
A. F. Whittem and M. J. Andrade.—Classroom
Spanish, by Marie A. Solano.—Spanish American
Reader, by Ernesto Nelson.—Dickens's Cuentos de
Dos Ciudades, with English-Spanish vocabulary by
Dr. G. A. Sherwell.—Agricultural Elemental, by
Ulpiano B. Sencial.—Lectura Infantil, by J. G.
Ginorio.—Platform Pieces for the Sixth Grade,
selected by H. G. Hawn.—Series of Readers, by
Calvin N. Kendall. (D. C. Heath & Co.)
Descriptive Mineralogy, by William Shirley Bayley,
$3.50. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Physiology, including a section on physiologic
apparatus, by A. P. Brubaker, M.D., fifth edition,
revised, illus. in color, etc., $3. (Blakiston's Son
& Co.)
Riconete and Cortadillo, by Miguel de Cervante, in
Spanish text, with notes for the student. (Four
Seas Co.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Water-Babies, by Charles Kingsley, illus., in
color, etc., by Jessie Willcox Smith, $3.—The
Adventures of Mabel, by Harry Thurston Peck,
illus. in color, etc., by Harry Rountree, $2.—The
Blue Rose Fairy Book, by Maurice Baring, illus.
in color, $1.50.—Left Guard Gilbert, by Ralph
Henry Barbour, illus., $1.25—Nutcracker and
Mouse King, by E. Gordon Browne, illus., $1.25.
—Little Dwarf Nose and the Magic Whistle, by
E. Gordon Browne, illus., $1.25.—The Boys' Book
of Firemen, by Irving Crump, illus., $1.25.—Patty's
Fortune, by Carolyn Wells, illus., $1.25.—Stories
of Polar Adventure, by H. W. G. Hyrst, illus.,
$1.25.—The Story of Our Army for Young Ameri-
cans and The Story of Our Navy for Young Ameri-
cans, by Willis J. Abbot, 2 vols., new editions
brought up to date, each illus., per vol., $2.—The
Story of the Mince Pie, by Josephine Scribner
Gates, illus. in color, $1.25.—Young People's Story
of Massachusetts, by Herschel Williams, illus.,
$1.25.—The Big Family, by John Rae, illus. by the
author, $1.25.—Two Little Women and Treasure
House, by Carolyn Wells, illus., $1.—The Maid
Marvellous: Jeanne d'Arc, by Magdalene Hors-
fall, $1.25.—The Animal Drawing Book, by Mabel
L. Frank, illus. in color, etc., $1.—Stories for the
Story Hour, by Ada M. Marzials, with frontispiece,
$1.25. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table,
by Sir Thomas Malory, edited by Clifton Johnson,
illus. in color, etc., by Rodney Thomason, $1.50.—
Water-Babies, by Charles Kingsley, edited by Clif-
ton Johnson, illus. by Frank A. Nankivell, $1.50.
—Amateur Circus Life, by Ernest Balch, illus.,
$1.50.—Blithe McBride, by Beulah Marie Dix,
illus., $1.25.—Isabel Carleton's Year, by Margaret
Ashmun, illus., $1.25.—The Key to Betsey's Heart,
by Sarah Noble Ives, illus., $1.25.—Master Simon's
Garden, by Cornelia Meigs, illus., $1.25.—Polly
Trotter, Patriot, by Alden A. and Emily1 B'.
Knipe, illus. by Mrs. Knipe, $1.25.—The Three
Pearls, by J. W. Fortesque, illus.—Edmee, by Mrs.
Molesworth, illustrated edition.—The Macmillan
Juvenile Library, comprising: A Lad of Kent, by
Herbert Harrison; Hoof and Claw, by Charles G.
D. Roberts; The Jingle Book, by Carolyn Wells,
per vol., 50 cts.—True Stories of Great Americans,


1916]
277
THE DIAL
new vols.: La Salle, by Louise S. Hasbrouck; John
Paul Jones, by L. Frank Tooker; George Wash-
ington, by W. H. Rideing; George Armstrong Cus-
ter, by P. 8. Dellenbaugh; each illus., per vol., 50
cts.—Everychild 's Series, trade edition, compris-
ing: Camp and Trail in Early American History,
by Marguerite Stockman Dickson; Indian Legends,
by Margaret Bemister; In Those Days, by Ella B.
Hallock; Pioneers and Patriots in American His-
tory, by Marguerite Stockman Dickson; each illus.,
per vol., 50 cts.—The King's Highway Series, by
E. Hershey Sneath, Ph.D., George Hodges, D.D.,
and Henry Hallam Tweedy, M.A., new vols.: The
Way of the Gate; The Way of the Green Pastures;
The Way of the Mountains; The Way of the King's
Gardens; The Way of the Stars; The Way of the
King's Palace; each illus. (Macmillan Co.)
The King of Ireland's Son, by Padraic Colum, illus.
in colors, etc., by Willy Pogany, $2.—The Auto-
biography of Benjamin Franklin, edited with intro-
duction by Frank W. Pine, illus. by E. Boyd Smith,
$1.50.—In the Land of Make-Believe, by E. Boyd
Smith, illus. in colors, etc., by the author, $1.50.—
Understood Betsy, by Dorothy Canfield, illus., $1.35.
—Tom Strong, Third, by Alfred Bishop Mason,
illus., $1.30.—The Tin Owl Stories, by William
Rose, illus., $1.40.—On Parole, by Anna and Fran-
ces Pierpont Siviter illus., $1.30.—Jungle Chums,
by A. Hyatt Verrill, illus., $1.35. (Henry Holt
& Co.)
The Allies' Fairy Book, selected illustrations in
color, etc., with page decorations, by Arthur Rack-
ham, $1.75.—.Aesop's Fables, illus. in color, etc, by
F. Opper, $1.50.—Mother Goose, new edition, illus.
in color, etc., by F. Opper, $1.50.—Ian Hardy Fight-
ing the Moors, by Commander E. Hamilton Currey,
illus. in color, $1.50.—With Sam Houston in Texas,
by Edwin L. Sabin, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.—
Blackbeard's Island, a boy scout adventure, by
Rupert Sargent Holland, illus. in color, etc., $1.25.
—Stories All Children Love Series, new vols.:
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, illus in color by John
Williamson; Pinocchio, by C. Collodi, illus. in color
by Maria L. Kirk; per vol., $1.25.—Hollyhock, by
Laura T. Meade, illus., $1.25.—A School Girl's
Diary, by May Baldwin, illus., $1.25.—A Boy
Scout with the Russians, by John Finnemore, illus.
in color, $1.25.—Stubbs and I, by Frank Fortune,
illus. in color, $1.25.—The Outlaw of the Shell, by
John Finnemore, illus., $1.25.—Marvel Library, new
vols.: Marvels of Scientific Invention, by, Thomas
W. Corbin; Marvels of Aviation, by Charles C.
Turner; each illus., per vol., $1.25.—Daring Deeds
Library, new vols.; Daring Deeds of Famous
Pirates, by Lieut. E. Keble Chatterton; Daring
Deeds of Trappers and Hunters, by Ernest Young;
each illus. in color; per vol., $1.25.—War Inven-
tions and How They Were Invented, by Charles
R. Gibson, illus., $1.—Bounty Boy, by Frank T.
Bullen, illus., $1.—Moni the Goat Boy, by Johanna
Spyri, trans, by Elisabeth P. Stork, illus. in color,
50 cts. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Hollow Tree Nights and Days, by Albert Bigelow
Paine, illus., $1.50.—The Arabian Nights, illus. by
Louis Rhead, $1.50.—Liberty Hall, by Florence
H. Winterburn, illus., $1.25.—The Trail of the
Pearl, by Garrard Harris, illus., $1.—Worth-While
People, by F. J. Gould, illus., 75 cts.—Told by the
Sandman, by Abbie P. Walker, illus., 50 eta.
(Harper & Brothers.)
The Young Folks' Book of Ideals, by Dr. William
Byron Forbush, illus., $2.—Boys' Home Book of
Science and Construction, by Alfred P. Morgan,
illus., $2.—Handicraft for Handy Girls, by A.
Neely Hall and Dorothy Perkins, illus., $2.—Our
Davie Pepper, by Margaret Sidney, illus., $1.50.
—The Boy with the U. S. Mail, by Francis Rolt-
Wheeler illus., $1.50.—Dave Porter and His Double,
by Edward Stratemeyer, illus., $1.25.—Archer and
the "Prophet," by Edna A. Brown, illus., $1.20.—
The Unofficial Prefect, by A. T. Dudley, illus.,
$1.25.—The Lure of the Black Hills, by D. Lange,
illus., $1.—Physical Training for Boys, by M. N.
Bunker, illus., $1.—Top-of-the-World Stories,
trans, from selected Scandinavian folk stories by
Emilie and Laura Poulsson, illus., $1.—The
Independence of Nan, by Nina Rhoades, illus. by
the author, $1.20.—Dorothy Dainty's New Friends,
by Amy Brooks, illus., $1.—The Adventures of
Miltiades Peterkin Paul, by John Brownjohn, illus.,
$1.—Yule-Tide in Many Linds, by Mary P. Pringle
and Clara A. Urann, illus., $1. (Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co.)
The Cambridge Book of Poetry for Children, edited
by Kenneth Grahame, $1.50.—Betty's Beautiful
Nights, by Marian W. Fenner, illus. by Clara Burd,
$1.75.—The Golden Apple, a kiltartan play for
children, by Lady Gregory, illus. in color, $1.75.—
The Quest of the) Golden Valley, by Belmore
Browne, illus., $1.25.—Connie Morgan in Alaska,
by James B. Hendryx, illus., $1.25.—Betty Trevor,
by Mrs. George de Home Vaizey, illus., $1.25.—A
College Girl, by Mrs. George de Home Vaizey,
illus., $1.25.—Twenty Thousand Leagues under the
Sea, by Jules Verne, new popular edition, illus.,
$1.25.—Mr. Midshipman Easy, by Captain Fred-
erick Marryat, new popular edition, illus., $1.25.
(G. P. Putman's Sons.)
The Boy Scouts' Year Book, 1916, edited by Walter
P. McGuire and Franklin K. Mathiews, illus., $1.50.
—The Hunters of the Hills, by Joseph A. Altsheler,
illus. in color, $1.35.—Rivals for the Team, by
Ralph Henry Barbour, illus. in color, $1.30.—The
Hero of Stony Point, by James Barnes, illus. in
color, $1.35.—Israel Putnam, by Louise H. Has-
brouck, illus., $1.35.—The Norfolk Boy Scouts, by
Marshall Jenkins, illus. in color, $1.35.—Paul
Revere, by Belle Moses, illus., $1.35.—Making Good
with an Invention, by W. O. Stoddard, Jr., illus. in
color, $1.35.—The Trail of the Mohawk Chief, by
Everett T. Tomlinson, illus. in color, $1.30.—The
Tree of Appomattox, by Joseph A. Altsheler, illus.
in color, $1.30.—Elizabeth Fry, the angel of the
prisons, by Laura E. Richards, illus., $1.25.—Cap-
tain Fair-and-Square. by William Heyliger, illus.
in color, $1.25.—T. Haviland Hicks, Senior, by J.
Raymond Elderdice, illus. in color, $1.25.—Harry
Dale, City Salesman, by Sherwood Dowling, illus.,
$1.—Bruce Wright, by Irving Williams, illus. in
color, $1.25.—Uncle Sam's Secrets, by O. P. Austin,
new edition, illus., 90 cts. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Granny's Wonderful Chair, with preface and illus-
trations in color, etc., by Katherine Pyle, $2.50.—
The Princess of Let's Pretend, by Dorothy D. Cal-
houn.—Treasure Flower: Japan, by Ruth Gaines,
$1.25. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Favourites of a Nursery of Seventy Years Ago, with
some others of a later date, edited by Edith
Emerson Forbes, illus., $2.—Stories to Tell the
Littlest Ones, by Sarah Cone Bryant, illus. by
Willy Pogany, $1.50.—Bible Stories to Read and
Tell, by Frances Jenkins Olcott, illus. by Willy
Pogany, $2.—Tom Anderson, Daredevil, a young Vir-
ginian in the Revolution, by Edward Mastyn Lloyd,
illus. in color, $1.50.—Apauk, Caller of Buffalo, by
James Willard Schultz, illus., $1.25.—June, by
Edith Barnard Delano, illus., $1.25.—Sarah Brew-
ster's Relatives, by Elia W. Peattie, illus., $1.—


278
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The Cave Twins, by Lucy Fitch Perkins, illus., $1.
—About Harriet, by Clara Whitehill Hunt, illus. in
color, $1.—The Great Dot Mystery, by Clifford L.
Sherman, illus., $1.—The Fanner and His Friends,
by Eva March Tappan, illus., 60 cts.—What Dad-
dies Do, by Robert Livingston, illus., 75 cts.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The Story of the United States, by M. L. Herdman,
illus. in color, $2.50.—Cossack Fairy Tales, by B.
Nisbet Bain, illus. in color, $2.75.—American
Animal Life, by E. W. Deming, illus. by the author,
$2.—Wonders of Animal Life, by W. S. Berridge,
illus. by the author, $2.—A Nursery History of the
United States, by Lucy L. Barber, illus. in color,
. $2.—The Boys' Prescott, by H. W. Banks, illus.
in color, $2.—Andersen's Fairy Tales, trans, by
H. O. Sommer, illus., $1.60.—The Indian Fairy
Book, compiled by Henry B. Schoolcraft, illus.,
$1.50.—The Jolly Book of Playcraft, by Patten
Beard, illus., $1.35.—The Magic String Book, by
Alice Beard, illus. in color, $1.25.—Inventing for
Boys, by A. Frederick Collins, illus., $1.25.—Ani-
mal Folk of Wood and Plain, by E. W. Deming,
illus., $1.25.—Four Footed Wilderness People, by
. E. W. Deming, illus., $1.25.—Forest Friends, by
Royal Dixon, illus. in color, $1.25.—Uncle Sam
Detective, by W. A. Dupuy, illus., $1.25.—Mar
/ jorie's Literary Dolls, by Patten Beard, illus.
$1.25.—Goop Encyclopedia, by Gelett Burgess
... illus., $1.25.—Self-Made Pictures for Children, by
C. Durand Chapman, illus. in color, $1.—Chickadee
Dee and His Friends, by L. W. Sanderson, illus.
in color, $1.25.—The Little Girl's Knitting and
Crochet Book, by Flora Klickmann, illus., 75 cts.—
The War, 1915, for Boys and Girls, and The War,
1916, for Boys and Girls, by Elizabeth O'Neill, 2
vols., eaeh illus. in color, per vol., 60 cts.—Daddy's
Bedtime Animal Stories, by Mary G. Bonner, illus.,
50 cts.—Daddy's Bedtime Fairy Stories, by Mary
G. Bonner, illus., 50 cts.—The Children's Poets,
new vol.: Herrick, edited by Mary Macleod, illus.
in color, 50 cts.—Comic Juveniles, comprising:
Buster Brown the Little Rogue, and Foxy Grand-
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$1.25. (George H. Doran Co.)


1916]
279
THE DIAL
The Princess Pocahontas, by Virginia Watson, illus.
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On the Battle-Front of Engineering, by A. Russell
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My Book of Beautiful Legends, retold by Christine
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All about Inventions and Discoveries, by F. A.
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The Ruby Story Book, tales of heroism and daring,
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