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The Little Children of the Luxembourg, by Herbert Adams Gibbons, illus., 50 cts. (John C. Winston Co.) Gifts from the Desert, by Fred B. Fisher, illus., 50 cts. (Abingdon Press.) 1916] 281 THE DIAL THE DIAL £ Jfottntfffjtlp Journal ot Eitcrarp Criticism, 2Di0cu00ion, and Information Travis Hoke, Associate Published by THE DIAL PUBLISHING CO., 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. Telephone Harrison SS9S. Mabtyn Johnson, President W. C. Kitchel, Sec'y-Treas. THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly — every other Thursday — except in July and August, when but one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: — $t. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and its possessions and in Canada and Mexico. Foreign postage, 50 cts. a year extra. Price of single copies, 10 cts. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: — Subscribers may have their mailing address changed as often as desired. 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Illustrated in photo- gravue, etc., 8vo, 407 pases. Charles Scrlbner's Sons. $3.50. The- < 'he* ii Her de Hon Hie™ i A Romance of the French Revolution. By Nesta H. Webster. Illustrated. 8vo, 441 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. Handel. By Romain Holland. Illustrated, 12mo. 210 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. tkraaam Lincoln. Bv Lord Charnwood. "Makers of the Nineteenth Century Series"; 8vo, 479 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.75. General Hot ha i The Career and the Man. By Harold Spender. With portrait, 8vo. 348 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. The- Life nnd Time* of Booker T. Washington. By B. F. Riley. Illustrated. 12mo. 301 pages. Fleming: H. Revell Co. $1.50. 1916] 2M THE DIAL . Ftnm AUtf-.r Amtham I *! Cesttn tftm. Aiamat Aaestt Pmrm F.r ■.:■< "'Sated &*»,By Montrose J. Moses. Illus- ?2 50 '"Pages- Thom«s Y. Crowell Co. A"33"0DY£Jshy cZ£ZZ*S ^mr- Illustrated, 8vo. jj< pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $150 ^ffir P^lar-'edi^-. ??„■ M[fc Bur'°" Charles Scrlbne?tji Sons.11.50. 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Short-Story Writing A Course of forty lessons in the history, form, structure, snd writing of the Short Story, taught by Dr. J. Bert Elenwein, forraerly Editor of Lippincott*t Magazine. Ont rtudtnt, biftirr rompltltni tht Ifiioni, rtflvtd ovtr $1000 far itianuttrifti told to Woman'm Horn* Companion. Pittorial Jl'tvitu/, MtCall'I, mud tthir hiding maiaxtnu. Alio counet in Photopliy Writlnc, Versifiestlon and Poetics, Journillfffl. In ill, over One Hundred Cooraee, under professors In Htrvtrd, Brown, Cornell, and other leading colleges. 250-Page Catalog Free. Please Address THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 571. Springfield. Mass. Living for the Futurei A Study in the Ethics of Immortality. By John Kothwell Slater, Ph.D. 12mo, 172 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 11. The Diliiis of Euripides. By Rhys Carpenter. Large Svo, 48 pages. "Archives of Philosophy." Columbia University Press. Paper. KDi CATION AMI SCHOOL AFFAIRS The J Reecher and Theodore Parker. -ier's political sermons was read , ºwn in the offee, in 1237, to ...~, “listened attentively, diseus- sl and rhetorieal peeularities , sºon and the two young men This discourse contained the : wº: * - ** * * = - . … lincoln gave literary in ºrnar- ... .sºs phrases of the Gettysburg ~ sº afterward. - - . . . i.incoln's reading in eon- º ºs is also clearly presented; hat out of his connection - - - he occasion of the clearest - -- www.t *:::::: º:ent ºs stions. is was guring ` |...". is Methodist preacher, ~ ('ongress. Lineoln s . . sºd a charge of religious … lt is due to the mem- `... "...at, in 1862, he publicly s of the accusation. Mr. º º, a lecture on Lincoln at vasserted his law part- views. Mr. Rankin is -- aether's account of ... of his religious views. while a guest in her ..., sonal race ". which Jug to discredit him. , , whinking, as well as ... ***** * •ese sº º ** ** - ** a of questionings, º his way to “a reaching beyond widest culture.” had *:: * ~f~ wºrn -elearnes and satisfactiºn. The enri-------- I ºn ast see that I am mºre astray—though per- *aps in a rifferent treetiºn—than many ºthers whºse gºints ºf view ºffer wień frºm each ºther in the setarian fenºminations. They all daim tº he Christians, amº interpret their several ereeis as infallizie ºnes ſet they fifer anºi is is tie questiºnarie sun-eets without setting them -- any mitial satisfaetan amºng themselves. I foubt the possibility. ºr prºpriety ºf sering the raigºn ºf Jesus Christ in the movies ºf man-maºie reefs anºi fºgmas. It was a spirit in the life that He laº; stres an and taugh- if I reali aright I -- ºr - see - tº ºe ºn Tiºn me. The finiamental truths reported in the fºur gas- peis as from the ips of Jesus Christ. and that I first heart frºm the ips of my mother. are settiei and fief moral preeepts with me. I have eumeini lei tº tismºs from my mini the febatable wrangies that ºnee perplexei me with fistraetions that stirrel up. ºut never absolutely settled anything. I have tossed them assie with the foubtful iifferenees which iivisie tenominations,—sweeping them all out of my mind amºng the non-essentials. I have eeased to fallºw such ºf sºussions or to be interested in them. Iºannot without mental reservations assent to long and eamplieated eree is and eateehisms. If the enureh wouiſi ask simply for assent to the Savior's statement ºf the substance of the law: "Thou shalt love the Lori Goºf with all thy heart and with all thy soul. and with all thy mini. and thy neighbor as thyself." - that enureh wºuld I glasily unite with- General William E. Doster's volume on *Lineoin. and Episodes of the Civil War” records many interesting experiences and observations of the author during his incum- beney of the office of Provost Marshal of Washington. from 1862-1-63. The first forty pages eontain an address on Lineoln delivered by General Doster before the students and faculty of Lehigh University in 1909. This address. filled with personal recollections of the years immediately before and during the war. is interesting reading and is worthy of the permanent form it has been given in this volume. The more historieal chapters deseribe the feverish conditions prevailing in Wash- ington during the first year of preparations for putting down the rebellion. They deseribe also the Old Capitol and Carrol prisons for the detention of various sorts of prisoners. An intimate picture of Stanton and his administration of the War Office adds to our knowledge of his personality: and a chapter on “The Capital in 1864" eontains a diary of the author's comments on the resig- nation of Secretary Chase, as well as observa- tions about Fessenden. Grant, and other per- sons and events of contemporary moment. The final chapter gives the author's personal record and commentary on the trial of the conspirators implicated in the assassination of President Lincoln, for two of whom Gen- eral Doster acted as counsel. This ehapter is a document of historical value: albeit such an 1916] 311 THE DIAL eacposé of the military adjudication of these prisoners' fate, including the probability of Mrs. Surratt's innocence, becomes less con- genial reading with the lapse of years. Lord Charnwood's volume on Lincoln, con- tributed to the “Makers of the Nineteenth Century” series, is the first well-considered attempt of an Englishman to exhibit Lincoln's personality and place in American statesman- ship. Although written primarily for British readers, the book will be highly interesting to Americans for its well studied point of view. It is the most successful portrait of Lincoln, in a single volume, drawn upon a clearly con- ceived background of political evolution, that has so far appeared. The author's admirable condensation of our political history, from the adoption of the Constitution to the close of the Civil War, is heightened in interest by his sparkling cameo descriptions of certain of the most notable men who have influenced our national development. Jefferson, “scholar, musician, and mathematician, without deli- cacy, elevation, or precision of thought or language,” was the author of “not a very candid State paper,” about which grew up “sentiments not wholly free from humbug”; yet he was a man who “contributed that which was most needed for the evolution of a vig- orous national life.” Hamilton was “in all senses a great man.” Calhoun, powerful of intellect, delighted in “elaborate deductions which he was too proud to revise.” Andrew Jackson was a “sincere Puritan” whose “ferocious” and “shocking character is refreshing to the student of the period.” Lincoln's is naturally the figure in leading relief, yet it is treated with such restraint that he is seen more as the product of our expand- ing nationalism than as a creature of special dispensation or of political fortuity. As one would expect from this point of view, the book is comparatively free from those provin- cial sidelights made traditional by trite biographers. Here the subject is raised to the dignity of historic conception and treated with the detachment befitting a sober sense of perspective. Lincoln is shown as responsive to the strength as well as the weaknesses of his environment, a man with no “frigid per- fections,” but possessed of greatness in patience and having “some unexampled qual- ity of heart and mind” which he gave to whatever he did. Lord Charnwood makes no attempt to define or estimate Lincoln's great- ness. He feels that it is sufficient to appre- ciate the circumstances under which he lived and worked. He ascribes to Lincoln's depth of thought the beauty of his classic utterances. He feels that as a statesman Lincoln had no theory in either his words or his acts; that if he had any theory of democracy, it consisted in his hostility to the mastery of one man over another. This volume contributes nothing new to our information about its subject, but it succeeds admirably in its author's obvious purpose to set forth a succinct and luminous impression of a great personality as it unfolded under the stress of an untoward environment in both private and public experience. LUTHER E. ROBINSON. GASPARD THE GREAT." From the new literature of war the captains and the kings depart, and the common soldier reigns in their stead. Such is the spirit underlying the first epic story of the cataclysm — René Benjamin’s “Gaspard,” a masterpiece which has obtained the prize of the Goncourt Academy as the most original book of the year. Picturing the side-scenes of combat rather more than the lurid front, the author combines pathos with the princi- ples of a thorough realism. He is grave and temperate toward the enemy when speaking in his own person; and he fortifies this objectivity by cleaving mainly to the stand- point of the poilu. The individual Gaspard is detached against the mass of which he forms a unit. He and no monarch is now the central figure in the heroic tapestry. A regiment composed half of provincials, half of Parisians, is forming in a little Norman town. The Parisians detrain, among them Gaspard. That impudent denizen of the Rue de la Gaîté, “Pantruche,” mocks at the lordly station-master and goes roaming through the village, restless, blagueur, boast- ful, with his emotional nose in the air. This nose has an inquisitive twist to one side; it is a feature full of character, like the nose of Cyrano. Entrusted, unconventionally, with handing out chance-fitting uniforms to his comrades, and later with equally amateur cooking for the regiment, Gaspard the Great somehow succeeds with both. He is capable of any- thing, he slangs and over-rides everybody with his clamorous personality; ironic before the unknown, whether Kaiser or loafer, trustful with his “pals,” who are successively a journalist, an interne, and a professor. And these “high-brows” all love Gaspard, the uneducated child of the people. * Private GASPARD. : A Soldier of France. Translated from the French of René Benjamin. New York: Brentano's. 31- [October 19 THE DIAL The massed regiment, monotonous, imper- sonal temporarily sinking self in the greatest eammon idea. Inow departs. Onee on the eattle-train. Gaspard eannot keep still. He and his eampanions overflow the eompart- memºs. drop of at the least provocation, and snap up any uneansidered trife, such as a barrel of beer. They arrive by night in Lorraine. a mysterious eountry of strange winds under dim stars. The frontier is beneath their feet. Gaspard declares they will be in Berlin tomorrow-he is also positive that a hundred thousand of the enemy fell before Liège, and that the German shells do not explode. He forages and eoaks under the direction of the serupulous eagtain. He dances with delight at the prospeet of battle. “Now we ean serap without minding the cops!” But there are long marehes—rain—dead weariness. The signs of war are seen and heard: refugees and famished retreating regiments, the first mutter of eannon, and always dead weariness. Again the grumbling men are appeased by the prospect of a soup. Like comforted chil- dren, they gather eagerly around the pot— and the captain orders them to upset it! Gaspard, stunned, obeys. The first shiver of battle is upon them. Shells are bursting around,-for, after all, they do explode. “Do they take us for tenpins?” howls Gaspard, who refuses to be serious when his best friend talks of death. But when that “pal” is hit, Gaspard, himself badly wounded, painfully carries him to safety and the ambulance. And only then does he break down and weep for all the miseries of war. There follow two fantastic scenes. The - - | endearing faults, the most poignant laughter. wounded lie all night on the stones of a pro- wincial church. The moonlight floods in mournfully, shining on a broken figure of Christ, on Gaspard and another soldier who group themselves, like the two thieves, around that figure. A stranger picture still is that tumultuous pattern of life. A dying sergeant, trying to struggle through the night, longs for the crow of the cock to show that his vigil is over. It is near dawn, they tell him, and still the cock will not crow. Gaspard crawls out of bed, out of doors, imitates the call of Chanteeler, and the sergeant dies in peace. But by this service Gaspard reopens his wound and suffers anew. It is this mingling of comic and tragic, the revival of Hugo's old “theory of the gro- tesque,” that gives the book its authentic appeal. You feel that it is so, that Gaspard lived that way, that the war offers these contrasts. Gaspard continues to live that way after he gets back to the front—where in a a few short hours he loses his leg. Then, characteristically enough, he becomes not a piteous cripple, but a cocky over-gallant café hero, trying the patience of his new-made wife. He goes gloriously back to “Pantruche,” and we leave him, with uplifted nose, coming to a private understanding with the dome of the Invalides. Throughout, the heroism of the soldier is larded with eccentricities. Between battles he returns to his beloved Rue de la Gaité, in order loyally to marry and “legitimize his brat.” But he steals two extra days beyond his furlough, and gets into abundant hot water; his perplexed captain bundles him hastily off to the trenches, to avoid the angry civil authorities. If Gaspard piously carries home the news of a comrade's death, he wilfully rearranges the facts to suit the hearers. In the midst of service, he flies into a passion; he is saucily obedient, foul- mouthed and sublime. He has the most He is one among many. But the many are now one, and this one is always himself. At the same time, he is the spirit of new France, manifest in the humblest of her children. “Bayard is in the saddle again”—and Bayard of the midnight chase of the wailing mad- woman which Gaspard, lame but subtle, leaves the hospital train to undertake. of life comes gently back to the wounded in their cattle-train of torments. The flowers and daughters, the fruit and laughter of sweet Touraine are as balm to the bruises of Gaspard. In the hospital, comic and grateful, he is the pet of the nurses, and the figures of these three nurses stand out as the three consoling graces of France militant. The hospital wards continue the mixed is now a democrat. An illiterate mischievous bon diable, Gaspard the Great unites the soul of Cyrano with the gestures of Tartarin. He Then, passing through Touraine, the beauty Fevels in...sang in, swaggº and ºths, and he revolts against machine-discipline and ignores tickets and labels. But Gaspard also represents his kind in his gallant humorous acceptance of his lot, in his devotion to the light as he sees it. And the blood and iron of this little epic are compounded in the daring fortitude of a race that can intelli- gently receive an idea and staunchly live and die for it. E. PRESTON DARGAN. 1916] 313 THE DIAL RECENT FICTION." A famous English man of letters thinking of “subjects” for fiction spoke long ago of the “human and social suggestiveness” of “an old English country-house, round which experi- ence seems piled so thick.” He was but an American story-writer at the time, and it may be that there was in his particular thought something of the passionate (if provincial) sentiment of his own pilgrim to such a lovely shrine. Yet many Englishmen must have had much of the same feeling, for there have been in the past fifty years hundreds of novels that did little else than present the life of an English country family. THE DIAL has of late spoken of three, Miss Mordaunt’s “The Family,” Mr. Marshall’s “Watermeads,” and Mr. Beresford’s “These Lynnekers,” in which those acute observers had seen in the life of the country family signs of the times that suggested things interesting to the fiction writer, for, after all, these country families have given England most of her great men. One sees the sterner side in Lucas Malet's “Damaris.” “Damaris” is not the story of an English country-house or anything of the sort; it is a story of the English in India. But Charles Verity, living as “Commissioner-Sahib” in the Sultan-i-hagh, at Bhutpur, was of an old family “whose beautiful place, Canton Magna, lies in a fold of the chalk hills looking toward the Sussex border,” and even when absorbed in Indian administration he looks back at times to “Deadham Hard, the rambling patch- work of a house” where he spent his holidays as a schoolboy. Doubtless the other English people at Bhutpur, from the old Judge and the old General down to the young secretaries, had much the same sort of recollections. These English have gone out of their country- houses to rule the earth. There is something in the country-house life beside the gaiety and charm — as well as the meaninglessness and futility — that one understands at once. Henrietta Pereira is an Englishwoman in spite of the Portugese name of her husband, an Englishwoman of good country family. But she is incurably light, charming, beautiful, full of schemes and desires, bent on gratifying her fancies and whims. The power of the book lies in its showing how such a woman looked beneath * DAMARIs. By Lucas Malet. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.40. THE Wonderful YEAR. By William J. Locke. New York: John Lane Co. $1.40. MR. BRITLING SEEs IT THROUGH. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. By H. G. Wells. New York: the surface of life and drew back. One feels the power of what she felt. But however we may be interested in see- ing in Mrs. Harrison's novel an indication of the national vigor of the English in India as elsewhere, she herself had little of such a notion in mind, or more accurately she was thinking chiefly of something else. Titles do not of necessity show chief motives, but though a reader may at first be most impressed by this iron-handed English pro- consul and this wanton English lady, we may easily suppose that to Mrs. Harrison the chief interest lay in neither, but rather in the little five-year-old girl who gives its name to the book. A quaint and pathetic little person she is, and indeed must have been from the beginning. She was early left motherless, but as though that were not enough, the years of her childhood were passed in the atmos- phere, so extraordinary to us, of a great house in India, a house which seemed to carry into its use by the dominant race something which had come to it by centuries of Oriental life. If an English country-house has a human and social suggestiveness, if experience be piled thick around it, what will one say of the sum- mer palace of a native prince? And what will be the result of this suggestiveness in the character of a little girl? That is something that comes out in the book over and over again, the influence of the spirit of the Sultan-i-hagh not only on Damaris but on others within the ancient walls. As for the little girl (Mrs. Harrison writes of the influ- ences of the summer palace), “They brought her very close to Nature; to the silent life of the innumerable garden birds and gro- tesque or charming little garden animals. Dim, wistful intuition stirred in her, more- over, of the eternal mysteries of Birth and Death,” and more beside. All that is very well done indeed. Nor is it in the main so unlike the thing we were speaking of. Henrietta Pereira comes very “close to Nature,” too, in some of her moments with Colonel Verity. She finds out that Nature, even in people born and brought up in Eng- lish country-houses, is often very different from the external crust formed even by cen- turies of easy, graceful, amusing existence. The true nature of anyone comes out in moments of stirring passion,- of war, or of anything else. Another book about the English in this time of war is Mr. W. J. Locke’s “The Wonderful Year.” I confess that I cannot ever take Mr. Locke very seri- ously; I think of him as a sort of modified Ouida. He is, of course, more modern than Ouida, which makes one read him more unsus- 310 [October 19 THE DIAL Cooper Union Address "grew very slowly. Herndon's patience was sorely tried at times to see him loitering and cutting, as he thought, too laboriously; but when the speech was completed, he admitted . . that it would be the crowning effort of Lincoln's life up to that time." Any light upon Lincoln's cultural reading has always been welcome, and Mr. Rankin speaks authoritatively on this point. He shows that the law office of Lincoln and Herndon was itself an intellectual centre, where many of the best books were read and discussed. Lincoln was a diligent reader in the State Library, which was rapidly growing. Another stimulus was Newton Bateman, State Super- intendent of Public Instruction, whose office, with its continual supply of new books, ad- joined Lincoln's and these two remarkable men spent many hours together in intel- lectual camaraderie. Lincoln leaned toward poetry, and read Holmes, Lowell, Whittier, Whitman, Burns, and Shakespeare. He read, also, Hawthorne, the elder Abbott, and the addresses of Beecher and Theodore Parker. One of the latter's political sermons was read aloud by Herndon in the office, in 1857, to which Lincoln "listened attentively, discus- sing the political and rhetorical peculiarities of it with Herndon and the two young men then present." This discourse contained the words to which Lincoln gave literary immor- tality in the closing phrases of the Gettysburg Address six years afterward. The nature of Lincoln's reading in con- temporary politics is also clearly presented; and it so happened that out of his connection with politics came the occasion of the clearest and apparently the most authentic statement of his religious convictions. This was during the heated campaign of 1856, when Lincoln defeated the famous Methodist preacher, Peter Cartwright, for Congress. Lincoln's political foes circulated a charge of religious infidelity against him. It is due to the mem- ory of Cartwright that, in 1862, he publicly disavowed the truth of the accusation. Mr. Herndon, however, in a lecture on Lincoln at Springfield, in 1874, reasserted his law part- ner's anti-Christian views. Mr. Rankin is able to reproduce his mother's account of Lincoln's own statement of his religious views, which he gave to her while a guest in her home during the congressional race in which his opponents were seeking to discredit him. Declaring that his own thinking, as well as contact with men of "widest culture," had opened up to him a "sea of questionings," through which he had groped his way to "a higher grasp of thought'' reaching beyond this life with "clearness and satisfaction," he continued: I do not see that I am more astray — though per- haps in a different direction — than many others whose points of view differ widely from each other in the sectarian denominations. They all claim to be Christians, and interpret their several creeds as infallible ones. Yet they differ and discuss these questionable subjects without settling them with any mutual satisfaction among themselves. I doubt the possibility, or propriety, of settling the religion of Jesus Christ in the models of man-made creeds and dogmas. It was a spirit in the life that He laid stress on and taught, if I read aright. I know I see it to be so with me. The fundamental truths reported in the four gos- pels as from the lips of Jesus Christ, and that I first heard from the lips of my mother, are settled and fixed moral precepts with me. I have concluded to dismiss from my mind the debatable wrangles that once perplexed me with distractions that stirred up, but never absolutely settled anything. I have tossed them aside with the doubtful differences which divide denominations,— sweeping them all out of my mind among the non-essentials. I have ceased to follow such discussions or to be interested in them. I cannot without mental reservations assent to long and complicated creeds and catechisms. If the church would ask simply for assent to the Savior's statement of the substance of the law: "Thou shalt love the Lord God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and thy neighbor as thyself," — that church would I gladly unite with. General William E. Doster's volume on "Lincoln, and Episodes of the Civil War" records many interesting experiences and observations of the author during his incum- bency of the office of Provost Marshal of Washington, from 1862-1863. The first forty pages contain an address on Lincoln delivered by General Doster before the students and faculty of Lehigh University in 1909. This address, filled with personal recollections of the years immediately before and during the war, is interesting reading, and is worthy of the permanent form it has been given in this volume. The more historical chapters describe the feverish conditions prevailing in Wash- ington during the first year of preparations for putting down the rebellion. They describe also the Old Capitol and Carrol prisons for the detention of various sorts of prisoners. An intimate picture of Stanton and his administration of the War Office adds to our knowledge of his personality; and a chapter on "The Capital in 1864" contains a diary of the author's comments on the resig- nation of Secretary Chase, as well as observa- tions about Fessenden, Grant, and other per- sons and events of contemporary moment. The final chapter gives the author's personal record and commentary on the trial of the conspirators implicated in the assassination of President Lincoln, for two of whom Gen- eral Doster acted as counsel. This chapter is a document of historical value; albeit such an 1916] 311 THE DIAL expose of the military adjudication of these prisoners' fate, including the probability of Mrs. Surratt's innocence, becomes less con- genial reading with the lapse of years. Lord Charnwood's volume on Lincoln, con- tributed to the "Makers of the Nineteenth Century" series, is the first well-considered attempt of an Englishman to exhibit Lincoln's personality and place in American statesman- ship. Although written primarily for British readers, the book will be highly interesting to Americans for its well studied point of view. It is the most successful portrait of Lincoln, in a single volume, drawn upon a clearly con- ceived background of political evolution, that has so far appeared. The author's admirable condensation of our political history, from the adoption of the Constitution to the close of the Civil War, is heightened in interest by his sparkling cameo descriptions of certain of the most notable men who have influenced our national development. Jefferson, "scholar, musician, and mathematician, without deli- cacy, elevation, or precision of thought or language," was the author of "not a very candid State paper," about which grew up "sentiments not wholly free from humbug"; yet he was a man who "contributed that which was most needed for the evolution of a vig- orous national life." Hamilton was "in all senses a great man." Calhoun, powerful of intellect, delighted in "elaborate deductions . . . which he was too proud to revise." Andrew Jackson was a "sincere Puritan" whose "ferocious" and "shocking character is refreshing to the student of the period." Lincoln's is naturally the figure in leading relief, yet it is treated with such restraint that he is seen more as the product of our expand- ing nationalism than as a creature of special dispensation or of political fortuity. As one would expect from this point of view, the book is comparatively free from those provin- cial sidelights made traditional by trite biographers. Here the subject is raised to the dignity of historic conception and treated with the detachment befitting a sober sense of perspective. Lincoln is shown as responsive to the strength as well as the weaknesses of his environment,— a man with no "frigid per- fections," but possessed of greatness in patience and having "some unexampled qual- ity of heart and mind" which he gave to whatever he did. Lord Charnwood makes no attempt to define or estimate Lincoln's great- ness. He feels that it is sufficient to appre- ciate the circumstances under which he lived and worked. He ascribes to Lincoln's depth of thought the beauty of his classic utterances. He feels that as a statesman Lincoln had no theory in either his words or his acts; that if he had any theory of democracy, it consisted in his hostility to the mastery of one man over another. This volume contributes nothing new to our information about its subject, but it succeeds admirably in its author's obvious purpose to set forth a succinct and luminous impression of a great personality as it unfolded under the stress of an untoward environment in both private and public experience. Luther E. Robinson. Gaspard the Great.* From the new literature of war the captains and the kings depart, and the common soldier reigns in their stead. Such is the spirit underlying the first epic story of the cataclysm — Rene Benjamin's "Gaspard," a masterpiece which has obtained the prize of the Goncourt Academy as the most original book of the year. Picturing the side-scenes of combat rather more than the lurid front, the author combines pathos with the princi- ples of a thorough realism. He is grave and temperate toward the enemy when speaking in his own person; and he fortifies this objectivity by cleaving mainly to the stand- point of the poilu. The individual Gaspard is detached against the mass of which he forms a unit. He and no monarch is now the central figure in the heroic tapestry. A regiment composed half of provincials, half of Parisians, is forming in a little Norman town. The Parisians detrain, among them Gaspard. That impudent denizen of the Rue de la Gaite, "Pantruche," mocks at the lordly station-master and goes roaming through the village, restless, blagueur, boast- ful, with his emotional nose in the air. This nose has an inquisitive twist to one side; it is a feature full of character, like the nose of Cyrano. Entrusted, unconventionally, with handing out chance-fitting uniforms to his comrades, and later with equally amateur cooking for the regiment, Gaspard the Great somehow succeeds with both. He is capable of any- thing, he slangs and over-rides everybody with his clamorous personality; ironic before the unknown, whether Kaiser or loafer, trustful with his "pals," who are successively a journalist, an interne, and a professor. And these "high-brows" all love Gaspard, the uneducated child of the people. • Private Gaspard. A Soldier of France. Translated from the French of Rene Benjamin. New York: Brentano's. 312 [October 19 THE DIAL The massed regiment, monotonous, imper- sonal, temporarily sinking self in the greatest common idea, now departs. Once on the cattle-train, Gaspard cannot keep still. He and his companions overflow the compart- ments, drop off at the least provocation, and snap up any unconsidered trifle, such as a barrel of beer. They arrive by night in Lorraine, a mysterious country of strange winds, under dim stars. The frontier is beneath their feet. Gaspard declares they will be in Berlin tomorrow,—he is also positive that a hundred thousand of the enemy fell before Liege, and that the German shells do not explode. He forages and cooks under the direction of the scrupulous captain. He dances with delight at the prospect of battle. "Now we can scrap without minding the cops!" But there are long marches—rain—dead weariness. The signs of war are seen and heard: refugees and famished retreating regiments, the first mutter of cannon, and always dead weariness. Again the grumbling men are appeased by the prospect of a soup. Like comforted chil- dren, they gather eagerly around the pot— and the captain orders them to upset it! Gaspard, stunned, obeys. The first shiver of battle is upon them. Shells are bursting around,—for, after all, they do explode. "Do they take us for tenpins V howls Gaspard, who refuses to be serious when his best friend talks of death. But when that "pal" is hit, Gaspard, himself badly wounded, painfully carries him to safety and the ambulance. And only then does he break down and weep for all the miseries of war. There follow two fantastic scenes. The wounded lie all night on the stones of a pro- vincial church. The moonlight floods in mournfully, shining on a broken figure of Christ, on Gaspard and another soldier who group themselves, like the two thieves, around that figure. A stranger picture still is that of the midnight chase of the wailing mad- woman which Gaspard, lame but subtle, leaves the hospital train to undertake. Then, passing through Touraine, the beauty of life comes gently back to the wounded in their cattle-train of torments. The flowers and daughters, the fruit and laughter of sweet Touraine are as balm to the bruises of Gaspard. In the hospital, comic and grateful, he is the pet of the nurses,—and the figures of these three nurses stand out as the three consoling graces of France militant. The hospital wards continue the mixed tumultuous pattern of life. A dying sergeant, trying to struggle through the night, longs for the crow of the cock to show that his vigil is over. It is near dawn, they tell him, and still the cock will not crow. Gaspard crawls out of bed, out of doors, imitates the call of Chantecler, and the sergeant dies in peace. But by this service Gaspard reopens his wound and suffers anew. It is this mingling of comic and tragic, the revival of Hugo's old "theory of the gro- tesque," that gives the book its authentic appeal. You feel that it is so, that Gaspard lived that way, that the war offers these contrasts. Gaspard continues to live that way after he gets back to the front—where in a a few short hours he loses his leg. Then, characteristically enough, he becomes not a piteous cripple, but a cocky over-gallant cafe hero, trying the patience of his new-made wife. He goes gloriously back to "Pantruche," and we leave him, with uplifted nose, coming to a private understanding with the dome of the Invalides. Throughout, the heroism of the soldier is larded with eccentricities. Between battles he returns to his beloved Eue de la Gaite, in order loyally to marry and "legitimize his brat." But he steals two extra days beyond his furlough, and gets into abundant hot water; his perplexed captain bundles him hastily off to the trenches, to avoid the angry civil authorities. If Gaspard piously carries home the news of a comrade's death, he wilfully rearranges the facts to suit the hearers. In the midst of service, he flies into a passion; he is saucily obedient, foul- mouthed and sublime. He has the most endearing faults, the most poignant laughter. He is one among many. But the many are now one, and this one is always himself. At the same time, he is the spirit of new France, manifest in the humblest of her children. "Bayard is in the saddle again"—and Bayard is now a democrat. An illiterate mischievous ion diable, Gaspard the Great unites the soul of Cyrano with the gestures of Tartarin. He revels in slang, in swagger and myths, and he revolts against machine-discipline and ignores tickets and labels. But Gaspard also represents his kind in his gallant humorous acceptance of his lot, in his devotion to the light as he sees it. And the blood and iron of this little epic are compounded in the daring fortitude of a race that can intelli- gently receive an idea and staunchly live and die for it. E. Preston Dargan. 1916] 313 THE DIAL Recent Fiction * A famous English man of letters thinking of "subjects" for fiction spoke long ago of the "human and social suggestiveness" of "an old English country-house, round which experi- ence seems piled so thick." He was but an American story-writer at the time, and it may be that there was in his particular thought something of the passionate (if provincial) sentiment of his own pilgrim to such a lovely shrine. Yet many Englishmen must have had much of the same feeling, for there have been in the past fifty years hundreds of novels that did little else than present the life of an English country family. The Dial has of late spoken of three, Miss Mordaunt's "The Family," Mr. Marshall's "Watermeads," and Mr. Beresford's "These Lynnekers," in which those acute observers had seen in the life of the country family signs of the times that suggested things interesting to the fiction writer, for, after all, these country families have given England most of her great men. One sees the sterner side in Lucas Malet's "Damaris." "Damaris" is not the story of an English country-house or anything of the sort; it is a story of the English in India. But Charles Verity, living as "Commissioner-Sahib" in the Sultan-i-hagh, at Bhutpur, was of an old family "whose beautiful place, Canton Magna, lies in a fold of the chalk hills looking toward the Sussex border," and even when absorbed in Indian administration he looks back at times to "Deadham Hard, the rambling patch- work of a house" where he spent his holidays as a schoolboy. Doubtless the other English people at Bhutpur, from the old Judge and the old General down to the young secretaries, had much the same sort of recollections. These English have gone out of their country- houses to rule the earth. There is something in the country-house life beside the gaiety and charm — as well as the meaningle8sness and futility — that one understands at once. Henrietta Pereira is an Englishwoman in spite of the Portugese name of her husband, an Englishwoman of good country family. But she is incurably light, charming, beautiful, full of schemes and desires, bent on gratifying her fancies and whims. The power of the book lies in its showing how such a woman looked beneath • Damaris. By Lucas Malet. New York: Dodd. Mead & Co. 11.40. The Wonderful Year. By William J. Locke. New York: John Lane Co. $1.40. Mr. Britlino Sees It Through. By H. G. Wells. New York: The Macmillan Co. $1.50. the surface of life and drew back. One feels the power of what she felt. But however we may be interested in see- ing in Mrs. Harrison's novel an indication of the national vigor of the English in India as elsewhere, she herself had little of such a notion in mind, or more accurately she was thinking chiefly of something else. Titles do not of necessity show chief motives, but though a reader may at first be most impressed by this iron-handed English pro- consul and this wanton English lady, we may easily suppose that to Mrs. Harrison the chief interest lay in neither, but rather in the little five-year-old girl who gives its name to the book. A quaint and pathetic little person she is, and indeed must have been from the beginning. She was early left motherless, but as though that were not enough, the years of her childhood were passed in the atmos- phere, so extraordinary to us, of a great house in India, a house which seemed to carry into its use by the dominant race something which had come to it by centuries of Oriental life. If an English country-house has a human and social suggestiveness, if experience be piled thick around it, what will one say of the sum- mer palace of a native prince f And what will be the result of this suggestiveness in the character of a little girl 1 That is something that comes out in the book over and over again, the influence of the spirit of the Sultan-i-hagh not only on Damaris but on others within the ancient walls. As for the little girl (Mrs. Harrison writes of the influ- ences of the summer palace), "They brought her very close to Nature; to the silent life of the innumerable garden birds and gro- tesque or charming little garden animals. Dim, wistful intuition stirred in her, more- over, of the eternal mysteries of Birth and Death," and more beside. All that is very well done indeed. Nor is it in the main so unlike the thing we were speaking of. Henrietta Pereira comes very "close to Nature," too, in some of her moments with Colonel Verity. She finds out that Nature, even in people born and brought up in Eng- lish country-houses, is often very different from the external crust formed even by cen- turies of easy, graceful, amusing existence. The true nature of anyone comes out in moments of stirring passion,— of war, or of anything else. Another book about the English in this time of war is Mr. W. J. Locke's "The Wonderful Year." I confess that I cannot ever take Mr. Locke very seri- ously; I think of him as a sort of modified Ouida. He is, of course, more modern than Ouida, which makes one read him more unsus- 314 [October 19 THE DIAL piciously, but he is not so original as she was nor so true to life. I presume, however, that those who think Mr. Locke's books are won- derful novels by a wonderful author (among whom would seem to be included his pub- lishers) are not much exercised in these direc- tions. Mr. Locke always has a certain sort of amusing originality in his conceptions, of his principal characters at least. This time he varies the personnel of his charming Bohemia of student quarter and old French inn by a whimsical personage whose occupation is the beneficent one of providing happiness for those who wish it. More crudely, he advises those who are "up against it" in their strug- gles with the world, always charging five francs as a fee for services that are often worth thousands. But Mr. Locke has such a passion for the lovely, exquisite, charming, and also easy going that he never can get to the bottom of any serious problem, and so he does not give us anything really fundamental on the theory of happiness. Mr. Daniel Fortinbras, Marchand de Bonheur, in the two principal cases in question, advises his clients to capitalize their possessions and have a good time. This he does that they may find food for their souls. Martin and Corinna, sent by Fortinbras on a bicycle trip to Brautome designed at first to exhaust their finances, do find food for their souls, find, indeed, happi- ness by following this apparently eccentric advice. It is not clear, however, that we can draw a general lesson from their case. Per- haps that is natural; a man who lives by giving advice will hardly put his advice in a form in which it will be as useful to humanity as to his especial clients. Otherwise we should be inclined to compare the counsel of M. Fortinbras with that of another great Marchand de Bonheur who also said, "Take no thought for the morrow." The chief dif- ference that a casual study shows between the two is that the earlier teacher advised people to sell what they had and give to the poor, while the more recent adviser advised these people, at least, to spend what they had in having a good time and thereby feeding their souls. Some readers will think it mighty lucky for them that the war came along and gave them something to be really serious about. The war was useful to Mr. Locke's young couple in that it recalled them from light ideals to matters of more permanent importance. It is not screwing around these things into perverted shapes that we are doing when we interpret specimens of current fiction in the fearful and lurid light of the present war. It is always possible to abstract oneself, for the time at least, from current trials and read or write books that seem as clear and free from contemporary disturbance as the remote mountain brook seems to the city-dweller. But we in America are (most of us) so vitally interested in England's doings in this war that we can not long think of English men and women without some influence of that tremendous disturbance of old customs and old manners of life and thought. It comes up as we read all sorts of things. And just at the moment there is a book in which the author has addressed himself directly to the matter which so often colors our thoughts indirectly. Mr. H. G. Wells has published his view of the English mind as affected by the war under the name "Mr. Britling Sees It Through." I usually read Mr. Wells with such an exhilarated intensity that I never have much critical opinion on what I have read. When I am not reading him, it is true, I can see that he is not a great novelist in the sense that Henry James is, or Mr. Arnold Bennett. His books sometimes have and sometimes have not the things that I commonly think necessary for good novels. Perhaps he ought to be called a publicist as he calls Mr. Bernard Shaw and others. He seems to regard Mr. Britling as a publicist, and I presume that Mr. Britling in general position must have been very like Mr. Wells himself. A pub- licist is not a bad kind of person to be, now that the older diplomatic meaning has been superseded by more popular use. If a pub- licist is a person who publishes his thoughts on public affairs, Mr. Wells is one, and "Mr. Britling Sees It Through" is an excellent piece of work. If one must criticise it as a novel there will, in some minds at least, be difficulties. Mr. Britling was a distinguished man of letters living at Matching's Easy, a pleasant Old English sort of place in Essex. The book tells how the war affected him. So much any publicist could have done, who was inter- ested in giving an account of the mind of England during the past two years. What Mr. Wells does in his non-publicist capacity is to put these matters, which easily grow gen- eral and abstract, into terms of actual life. And that must be one of the necessary gifts of the novelist, to imagine things in terms of people; at any rate, that is what Mr. Wells does. He gives us a realizing idea of the com- fortable easy-going country life (with its vigorous and extraordinary game of hockey); of the way people thought and talked, of the confident and vague divagations about Ulster, the tentative reflections about Kitchenerism 1916] 315 THE DIAL and efficiency and being fit, of the facile and futile information about Sarajevo and Bosnia and assassination as a political method, of the disquisitions concerning England's foreign policy, of Aunt Wiltshire's winning twenty- five cocoanuts by throwing sticks at them at the Flower Show at the time the Germans were entering Belgium. Then he goes on through the two years of the war, limiting matters to Mr. Britling, only I suppose, because it would make too big a book to pre- sent all sorts and conditions of English thought and feeling. Mr. Britling is a very real sort of person. It may seem wonderful that he should be entangled in a wrong and foolish love-affair, that he should be intensely absorbed in learn- ing to drive a motor car, that he should be troubled about the future of his son, that he should think longingly now and then of finish- ing that great beautiful thing of his called "The Silent Places"; wonderful in a novel about the war, but natural, necessary, and quite right and interesting, too. Mr. Britling's ideas change. First he conceives the idea that the war was brought about and carried on by a Prussian war-party; then he speculates as to the End of War and a Supreme Court of the nations at Delhi or Samarkand or some- where else; then he begins gradually to understand what England is up against, and sees that the nation must do something beside sympathize with the army and read the papers; then he appreciates that everyone must get to work, that sons and lovers must go into the army, his son among others. One cannot work through the whole book, nor would it be worth while. I don't discuss Mr. Wells's account; I cannot but take it as history. Such a course of things occurred in one mind at least; these things, or others like them, one has seen a hundred times else- where. Such a book is a great feat of the imagination; not conclusive, of course, but showing a way of thinking and feeling,— a way much broader and more refined and more complex than the ordinary country-house feel- ing about the war, such as the people at Watermeads would have had, or such as the people in "The Wonderful Year" did have. At bottom, probably, there is just the same thing. In all the hatred of the war, the anguish, the loathing, the weariness, even in the reluctances and backslidings, there must be, not only to Hugh Britling or Cecily Corners, the satisfaction of what has long been a desire,— the desire, in all these years of ease and happiness and luxury, for something real to happen, a real happening being, as Cecily said, that one does something, some- thing beside playing hockey and having tea. That is a good thing for us in America to think of as well as for people in England to experience. Whether it be in war or in politics or in education or in business or in religion, it is a fine thing to be able to do something real, and if one gets aroused to that notion by reading novels, the thing is worth more than it sometimes seems. Edward E. Hale. Briefs on New Books. Correspondence ln the daVS °f the Georges, they of a Georgian made a serious business of letter- '"'"' writing. It is not surprising, therefore, that the carefully culled selection from Earl Granville's private correspondence (Button, 2 vols., $10.), edited by his daughter- in-law, Countess Granville, should occupy two large volumes, of from five to six hundred pages each. But however voluminous, this cor- respondence possesses marked historical, so- cial, and personal interest. By far the larger proportion of the letters are from the Count- ess of Bessborough to Lord Granville. Between these two, from the time of their first meeting in 1794 to the Countess's death in 1821, there existed a loyal friendship, which, on her part at least, touched an ideally beautiful plane. Her letters reveal a woman of mind and heart, with a wider and more sympathetic outlook upon life than was usual in the society in which she moved,— a society which has been described as presenting a strange combination of dissipation and intellectual refinement. A wonderfully vivid picture of the social life of the time is given in her letters, with lively descriptions of the noted people she was con- stantly meeting; and, there are interesting side-lights upon the political complexities which then harassed England. Her letters from Paris, first under the Napoleonic regime and later after the Restoration, are especially entertaining. Lady Bessborough's letters, a number from Earl Granville's mother, Lady Stafford, and a few from Pitt, Canning, and others, have been selected and arranged with a view to throwing light upon the career and character of Earl Granville. Unfortunately, there are very few of his own letters, those to Lady Bessborough having been almost all destroyed by him, so that one is obliged to construct the portrait of the protagonist from the hints, allusions, and encomiums of his friends. From the few letters of his that are included one would hardly gather that he was so extremely gifted or so superlatively fas- cinating as his friends assuredly regarded 316 [October 19 THE DIAL him; for not only do Lady Bessborough and Lady Stafford constantly bear witness to his diplomatic and social successes, but the few letters from Pitt and Canning show in what high estimation he was held by these brilliant lights. Lady Bessborough, perhaps, allowed the enthusiasm of her admiration to go almost too far at times, but, as she often says of herself, she never could love anything by halves. Only second in interest to Lady Bessborough's letters are those of Granville's mother, Lady Stafford. Though she was not so brilliant as her son's friend, a remark- able sweetness of nature is revealed in her letters. She adored her husband and loved her son. It is to be remarked to Lord Granville's credit that he seems uniformly to have taken in good part the criticisms of himself by his mother and his friend, and on the whole he must have profited by their advice,— as is witnessed by his successful dip- lomatic career, and his final most happy mar- riage to the niece of Lady Bessborough, Lady Harriet Cavendish. Much might be said of the historical interest of this correspondence; but, after all, its chief value probably lies in its intimate picture not of Lord Granville but of the unusual personality of Lady Bessbor- ough, who joined to her keen interest in political and social affairs, and her friendly enthusiasms, an intellectual appreciation of the best in art and literature. Her literary judgments upon the many books she was con- stantly reading have a piquant .originality quite refreshing. The two volumes are adorned by many finely reproduced portraits of unusually handsome people. General interest in the testing itZSZZr* of intelligence, especially in the terms of age development, has now received recognition in a volume survey- ing the field, and also introducing a critical conception of method and application. "The Measurement of Intelligence"(Houghton Miff- lin), by Professor Lewis M. Terman, of Stan- ford University, serves as an admirable hand- book to the subject. The Binet tests began with the attempt to furnish age-norms for chil- dren from three years to twelve. The fact that almost all tests imply a special ability of one kind or another led to the introduction of the point-scale, in which relative failure in one test might be balanced by accomplishment in another. Going beyond this, the Stanford system uses the conception of an intelligence- quotient, which expresses the place of the individual tested in terms of the average abil- ity of his class. The last has the distinct advantage that age-norms can be calculated from it, while it yet allows for alternate tests and the adjustment of test to special circum- stances. The theory of the test is set forth, the data are reported, the detailed practical instructions are given, and the whole is arranged for the year-by-year advance. The volume thus furnishes a complete handbook for the practitioner, as well as a basis of com- prehension for the student. It is well con- ceived and admirably executed. There is the danger that the tests will become too mechan- ical, and their application obscure the issue for the method; the only way to avoid this is by adequate training of those who make the tests. As to the scope of the tests, they have proved their ability to reveal more of the nature of individual capacity in a few hours than any other estimate, such as that of school work or general judgment. Naturally they leave untested many of the qualities which the social and industrial world cherishes; but within their legitimate province, the tests form precisely the kind of additional guage which the school and the industrial employer require for their protection. The elimination of the unfit and the determination of normal- ity, especially in connection with proceedings in Juvenile Courts, adds to the interest attach- ing to an important phase of applied psychol- ogy. studiaof Tke European war has for two china and th« years so absorbed our interest Chin»tpMpU. that legs than the usual atten_ tion has been given to the Orient. Yet there is ample reason for bestowing upon the Orient at this time more thoughtful consideration than at any period of the past. For a con- flict greater than the present tremendous struggle among the branches of the white race threatens to array the white against the colored races of mankind, unless some means can be found for reconciling the conflicting interests of those peoples. Moreover, events are moving rapidly, and such a means of allay- ing hostility must be discovered without undue delay. First of all, the spread of cor- rect information among us concerning the Asiatics is greatly to be desired, in order that race prejudice, the mother of hostility and war, may be dispelled. Special attention should therefore be given to those dealing with Asia, and particularly to books dealing with the profounder aspects of the problem of the Asiatic peoples. Two such books recently from the press are to be highly com- mended,—Mr. G. L. Harding's "The Present- Day China" (Century), and Dr. J. W. Bashford's "China: An Interpretation" 1916] 317 THE DIAL (Abingdon Press). The volume first mentioned gives the impressions formed by an unusually capable, observant, and sympathetic corre- spondent during a prolonged stay in China, covering especially the period of the establish- ment of the Republic, and his estimate of the significance of more recent events. Like so many other open-minded observers, Mr. Harding holds the Chinese people in high regard, and treats their struggle for consti- tutional government with the utmost serious- ness, as one of the outstanding events in history. His observations give evidence not only of breadth of interest and responsiveness to human events, but also of unusually full and accurate information. The book is of much greater value than its small compass would seem to indicate. "China: An Inter- pretation," by a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, resident for many years in China, is a very satisfactory companion volume. That two writers so unlike, one a correspondent and traveller, the other a mis- sionary and old resident, should so closely resemble each other in their attitude of friendliness and respect toward the Chinese, and optimism with regard to the potentialities of the race, gives added weight to that view of the situation in the Far East. For a fairly comprehensive treatment of the whole subject of China, containing information gleaned from many authoritative sources and from wide travel and intimate intercourse with the Chinese people, Dr. Bashford's book will bear comparison with any volume with which the present reviewer is familiar. Not only does it commend itself as a general introduction to the whole field, but it presents also well reasoned consideration of some of the most pressing problems growing out of the rela- tions of China, Japan, and the United States. presidential The most interesting — perhaps nominations the most important — develop- xons. ment jn American political his- tory has been the extra-constitutional growth of parties; but the story of this development is to some extent neglected by political histo- rians except so far as the actions taken by the parties have had a direct influence on the gov- ernment. Of particular value, therefore, in a year when the importance of the national political organizations is strikingly evident to everyone, is Mr. Joseph Bucklin Bishop's "Presidential Nominations and Elections: A History of American Conventions, National Campaigns, Inaugurations, and Campaign Caricature" (Scribner). What the author has to say about the origin of conventions and caucuses is fairly well known; in 1763 John Adams wrote of the "caucus club" which met in a garret, the members smoking "tobacco till you cannot see from one end of the room to the other," and regularly choosing the representatives "before they were chosen in the town." The first national conventions, however, were held in 1830 and 1831; the requirement of the Democrats that the nomi- nee must receive a two-thirds vote was invented by Jackson in 1831, for what reason Mr. Bishop does not venture an opinion. The so-called "unit rule" abandoned by the Dem- ocrats in 1912 is of later origin. Many facts of similar nature with reference to the early conventions are of great interest, and fur- nish an introduction for what is the most readable portion of the volume — that which deals with the defeated aspirations of Webster, Clay, and Blaine. One is likely to remember these men for their public achieve- ments rather than for their failure to get presidential nominations, and the story told by Mr. Bishop is therefore valuable. Prac- tically all of the conventions are covered by the book, including the story of the "steam- roller" at Chicago in 1912 and the bolt of the Progressives. Very interesting chapters deal with the development of the inaugura- tion ceremony to its present scope, and with cartoons as moulders of public opinion — the author thinks that their influence is "incal- culable." Nearly fifty illustrations (many of them cartoons) add greatly to the value of the book. A near view of Robert Louis epUoa'T7U"m Stevenson at Saranac Lake is given by Mr. Stephen Chalmers, one-time secretary to Dr. Trudeau, in "The Penny Piper of Saranac" (Houghton Mifflin), and a still more vivid picture of him as seen a little later at Manasquan, New Jersey, by Mrs. Wyatt Eaton, in "A Last Memory of Robert Louis Stevenson" (Crowell). The "Penny Piper" sketch is thought by its author to have exerted an influence "that led to the Saranac Lake Stevenson Memorial"; for it was first published four years ago in a pop- ular periodical, and it is only its present form that is new, with its brief preface by Lord Guthrie and its introductory note by the author. Some of its passages will be found in substance, and occasionally in exact detail, in the same writer's book, "The Beloved Physician." It was in collaboration with this physician, Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau, that "The Penny Piper" was written. A pho- tograph of the Stevenson memorial tablet is inserted as frontispiece. Mrs. Eaton's remi- 318 [October 19 THE DIAL niscent sketch portrays in even more lifelike detail the "frail and distinguished-looking" wizard of romance. Being a woman, as well as a fervid admirer of Stevenson, she could observe more minutely the many little pecu- liarities, the nameless idiosyncrasies, that went to the making of the man. Incidentally she tells us which of his works he considered his best, and which his worst. They are, respectively, "Will o' the Mill" and "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde." But who knows whether the tricksy R. L. S. did not change his mind the next day and reverse his judg- ment? To the now considerable mass of Stevensoniana these little books by two close observers of the man are welcome additions. The fine art Compact, scholarly, and useful of correct is the small manual on "Good ezprenion. Engiish in Good Form" (Sturgis & Walton Co.), by Miss Dora Knowlton Ranous. Experienced in editing and trans- lating, and also a writer in her own name, she is — or was, for she died two months before her book appeared — well qualified to discuss the principles of good prose composi- tion. Counsels of perfection she necessarily gives us on every page, and he might be branded as a pedant who should observe all her rules. But there is no danger of any too scrupulous following of these directions. Her censure of the misuse of will and would, a misuse that she calls "absolutely shocking," is none too strong, and is as sadly needed as it will be carelessly disregarded. Her plea for conciseness as well as accuracy in urging the omission of certain redundancies is also to be commended. Among "words and phrases to be avoided" she condemns "averse from," whereas for etymological reasons it is pref- erable to "averse to," though usage has familiarized us with the latter form. A chap- ter is given to punctuation, precept and exam- ple being well combined in the brief space assigned to the subject. Twelve is given as the number of punctuation marks, but what these twelve are is not clearly indicated. It would be hard to make up a round dozen with- out including the mark of quotation and other symbols not commonly regarded as punctua- tion marks. Rules for the preparation of manuscript for print are also added, with directions for proof-reading and the prepara- tion of illustrations. Much space is filled, perhaps rather ill-advisedly, with a list of words derived from the Latin and Greek. An index or a more detailed table of contents would have improved the book. But it is a good and useful and handy little volume as it stands. For a free India Under the title, "Young India" (Huebsch), Mr. Lajpat Rai sets forth the plea of his party for Indian self-government. The author is a well educated lawyer, who had been an influential public man before his expatriation; and he has given us a book that is distinctly above the average of this propagandist literature. All of the traditional arguments against British rule are skilfully propounded; but, unfortunately, the old failure to face reali- ties is also in evidence. For instance, the author himself italicizes this summary of an important paragraph: "Illiteracy the Fault of the British and No Bar to Self-Govern- ment." Obviously, the question of blame may be debatable; but if illiteracy is no bar to self-government in the twentieth century, we must surely stop and recast a lot of funda- mental conceptions. Again, our author may not be responsible for the "foreword" by Mr. J. T. Sutherland; but it is simply fatuous to state: "The truth is, not one fact can be recited to show that India cannot govern her- self well if given a chance." If the problem were as simple as that, it would not exist. We have not space to review the volume at length; but the following four features should be noted: An account of Indian disaffection since the beginning of the war; a description of the various types of "nationalists"; a state- ment that Hindus and Mohammedans are now in hearty accord; and, above all, the assertion that the movement for liberation has become a living force among the common people. If it were true that the two great religious bodies could now live side by side in peaceful har- mony, and that the villager, the ultimate atom of Indian humanity, has actually been aroused, then the great change would not be far off. But is it true? To all thinking Amer- icans we can recommend the volume; and unthinking Americans do not care about India anyway. , . , ,. The volume on "Movement and Inter-relatione of thought Mental Imagery" (Houghton), and action. fey Professor Margaret Floy Washburn of Vassar College, forms one of a series commemorative of the Vassar semi- centennial. It is a thoughtful and scholarly work, treating an important problem in a difficult field. The author brings to bear upon it the combined methods of experimental attack and delicate analysis. While the appeal of the book is distinctly to the tech- nical student of psychology, the wider bear- ings of the conception are well considered. The fundamental search is for the inner proc- esses that accompany, if indeed they do not 1916] 319 THE DIAL direct, the movement of thought; and the emphasis is upon the movement system which finds its typical expression in action. Thought is suppressed action; if the movement tenden- cies disappear, the thesis asserts that thought itself will vanish. Complete paralysis would be the extinction of thinking. The association of ideas is subjected to the same interpreta- tion, and is inextricably woven with the slight initial motor habits that support them. The abnormal field is included, and dissociation becomes an invasion of the motor processes through which the action takes place but is divorced from its normal report. We think in so far as we control muscles; if our muscles were to become animated by impulses unre- lated to the normal habit, personality would become a myth. At every point the motor integrity is indispensable to intellectual unity. The book is largely devoted to the ramification of details which support or oppose one theory or another. This survey of the problem is a distinct aid to the psychological student. Notes and News. A hafldbook Notwithstanding the voluminous on the German aspect of the literature of Euro- Govemment. peftn politicSj there Js a dearth of brief and trustworthy treatises in English on the governmental systems of the principal countries. The need bids fair to be supplied, however, by a series of "Government Hand- books," planned and edited by Professors David P. Barrows and Thomas H. Reed, of the University of California. The initial vol- ume in this series, Fritz-Konrad Kriiger's "Government and Politics of the German Empire" (World Book Co.), has recently appeared; and it is agreeable to record that the standard of accuracy and readableness which it sets is high. The book was written before the outbreak of the present war, and the author asserts that neither the contents nor the opinions expressed have been affected by the events of the past two years. With the spirit of the work no one can find fault. After introductory historical chapters, the Imperial governmental system is described in all of its characteristic aspects, and there are included reasonably full resumes of the parliamentary history of the country, of foreign policy since 1871, and of the government of dependencies. Treatment of all subjects is necessarily brief, but space is well apportioned, and in most of the chapters a surprising amount of informa- tion is' packed into a few pages. A feature of value is the Critical Bibliography; although it would be possible to dissent from the appraisal of certain titles. Captain Ian Hay Beith, author of "The First Hundred Thousand," is now in this country in the interest of the Allies' Exposition. A definitive "Live of John Marshall," upon which former Senator Albert J. Beveridge has been engaged for some time, will be published early in November by the Houghton Mifflin Co. The third edition of "The Federal Reserve," completely revised by the author, Mr. H. Parker Willis, secretary of the Federal Reserve Board, is now in preparation by Doubleday, Page & Co. Among the early publications of George H. Doran Co. is a volume entitled, "A Visit to Three Fronts," containing three articles by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, describing the British, French, and Italian battle lines. The late Wilhelm Creizenach, a distinguished Polish authority and professor of the University of Cracow, was the author of "The English Drama in the Age of Shakespeare," which the Lippincott Co. will issue the end of this month. With a view to the recognition of a new field of activity for women, a course in Book Sales- manship and Library Science has been inaugu- rated at the William Penn Evening High School for Women, Philadelphia, in charge of Miss Bessie Graham. Mr. William J. Locke, whose new novel, "The Wonderful Year," was issued this month by the John Lane Co., has just returned to England from the Somme. He went to the Front as a dis- tinguished guest, with a special order from Mr. Lloyd George. Judge Robert Grant, author of "The High Priestess," "Unleavened Bread," etc., has now written a war book, "Their Spirit: Some Impres- sions of the English and French during the Sum- mer of 1916," which the Houghton Mifflin Co. will issue early in November. Mr. Coningsby Dawson, whose "Slaves of Freedom" has just been issued by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., is now in France, a Lieutenant in the Canadian Field Artillery. His two younger brothers are members of the British Naval Reserve known as the "Mosquito Fleet." "Art, by Auguste Rodin; "Abraham Lincoln," by Brand Whitlock, "The Last Voyage of the Karluk," by Robert A. Bartlett and Ralph T. Hale; and "Hatchways," by Ethel Sidgwick are among the announcements of Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. for publication on November 11. Mr. W. Somerset Maugham, whose novel "Of Human Bondage" made so favorable an impression last year, recently arrived in New York City after two years' service in France as a field surgeon. The purpose of Mr. Maugham's visit to this coun- try is the rehearsing of two new comedies: "Caroline" and "Our Betters." George H. Doran Co. will publish shortly Mr. Maugham's first novel, "Mrs. Craddock," and "Liza of Lambeth," a short story considered in England to be one of the finest Berkeley, Cal, Oct. 9, 1916. 320 [October 19 THE DIAL LIBRARIANS should recommend and urge people to read OPEN THAT DOOR! By R. STURGIS INGERSOLL It is a clever argument for the reading of books. Full of the humorous and clear-eyed philosophy that makes delightful reading, it takes us into the myriad avenues leading from books to life, and shows the practical application of their wisdom to efficiency in living. $1.00 net, postage extra AT ALL BOOKSTORES J. B. LIPPINGOTT GO. • JUST PUBLISHED- EYVIND OF THE HILLS An Icelandic Outlaw Drama By MR. SIGURJONSSON Poetic talent of high order manifests Itself in this new drama, with its seriousness, rugged force, and strong feeling. Few leading characters, but these with a most intense inner life; courage to confront the actual, and exceptional skill to depict it; material fully mastered and a corresponding confident style 1— Georg Brandes. The volume contains another play by the eame