on.
The chapter on the death dramas is better,
and contains at least one pregnant idea. Miss
Taylor is much interested in folk-lore, and
frequently points out the relations between
it and Maeterlinck's plays. Writing of
"L'Intruse," she says:
For here, as in conte after conic, death sends his
warning, the intersigne of Breton tradition, to herald
his coming. A chill breath of wind in a windless
night, the sound Of tears that fall when no man
weeps, the whisper of voices when no voices are, the
splash of oars when no boat nears the shore, a lighted
taper barring a twilight road: signs patent to the
seer, but sealed to those whose spiritual senses are
shut to them.
Such an influence would throw light on many
a curious scene in the dramas.
"Monna Vanna" receives a chapter by
itself, and nowhere has Miss Taylor succeeded
better in conveying a clear impression to the
reader. She marks as follows the contrast
between this masterpiece and the earlier
plays:
Monna Vanna (1902) is a milestone evidencing how
far already the dramatist of Maleine has travelled
upon the road trodden by the moralist of La Sagesse
et La Destinee. The change is radical in every respect.
Personalities with distinct characteristics supplant the
type-figures of the early dramas. The atmosphere
has lost its haze; the gray tinted mist has lifted its
veil.
The substitution of will for destiny is empha-
sized, and Novalis's words, "character
becomes destiny," are effectively quoted. The
analysis of the play and the study of the
characters are sound and suggestive. Given
Miss Taylor's interest in searching out rather
far-fetched relations between Maeterlinck's
treatment of his themes and those of his
predecessors, it is a little curious that she
says nothing of Browning's "Luria."
The writer's treatment of "Joyzelle" and
the later plays is less satisfying. Apparently
she found nothing in them worthy of special
interest. In passing I may note that it is
scarcely accurate to state that Joyzelle
"refuses the alternative, Merlin, for the test-
ing of her love offers," as "the Magdeleine of
the play ["Marie Magdeleine"] rejects a like
temptation." Joyzelle accepts, though with
the intention of slaying Merlin, and thus
saves her lover's life.
The last chapters are largely occupied with
a study of the essays of Maeterlinck. Here,
as always, Miss Taylor writes too much around
her subject to give a clear idea to the reader.
She seems inclined to avoid the corps a corps.
The most interesting part of her discussion is
the introductory chapter, in which she con-
siders the various types of mysticism before
Maeterlinck. The old mystics had sought God
in God, or God in Nature; Maeterlinck looks
for God in Man. He "concentrated his interest
upon the moods of humanity alone, his sym-
pathies are totally absorbed in the contem-
plation of man's emotions, griefs, and
desires." Once more she quotes (Maeterlinck's
translation of?) Novalis: "En elargissant, en
developpant notre activite, nous nous trans-
formerons en fatalie"; or, as Maeterlinck
himself puts it: "Si Judas sort ce soir, il ira
vers Judas et aura l'occasion de trahir, mais
si Socrate ouvre sa porte, il trouvera Socrate
endormi sur le seuil et aura l'occasion d'etre
sage. Nos aventures errent autour de nous
comme les abeilles sur le point d'essaimer
errent autour de la ruche. Elles attendent
que l'idee-mere sorte enfin de notre ame."
This note is a refreshing one, and may prove
worthy of consideration to-day when denial of
personal responsibility threatens the moral
world with chaos. Miss Taylor's insistence
on the early works of Maeterlinck gives the
unfortunate impression that he is decidedly
a decadent.
To turn from Miss Taylor's book to Mr.
Clark's "Maeterlinck, Poet and Philosopher,"
is to issue from the vague atmosphere of the
early plays to the straightforward impressive
clarity of "Monna Vanna." Mr. Clark, realiz-
ing the difficulty that Maeterlinck presents to
the average reader, leaves no stone unturned
to bring into clear relief the essential features
of the separate works, and to trace the devel-
opment of the thought of his author. An
outline of each play, followed by interpre-
tative comments and a detailed study of the
philosophical essays, enables Mr. Clark to
show the underlying unity of Maeterlinck's
thought.
After an introductory chapter of biography,
containing brief notices in chronological order
of all the plays and essays, Mr. Clark divides
Maeterlinck's work into three periods, with a
connecting link, marked by study of ancient
and modern mystics, between the first and
the second. The first period is filled with
intense gloom: plurima mortis imago is the
real protagonist. The first volume of essays,
"Le Tresor des Humbles," marks the transi-
tion to the second period, one of triumphant
optimism, in which character is seen to be


394
[November 16
THE DIAL
last hand has not been given, though even this
does not account for its most inexcusable
fault, that of not accurately representing the
original. Much of it indeed is not transla-
tion at all, but free paraphrase. Whole pages
are mere abstracts of important passages in
the French text, and this without a word of
editorial warning. Many passages are omitted
altogether, among them numberless foot-notes
and three valuable bibliographies. It is
obvious that an English reader would be con-
cerned to know whether the foreign author
of a book of this kind had consulted the lead-
ing authorities; but this information is
denied him. As a matter of fact, M. Thureau-
Dangin's lists seem to include all the impor-
tant works on the subject. Moreover, while
the translation is, for the most part, fluent
and idiomatic, it abounds in amazing errors,
passages in which the sense of the original
is wholly misconceived. And finally, neither
translator nor editor apparently considered
it any part of his duty to bring the book up
to date by supplying it with annotations
drawn from the most recent works on the
subject. In eleven hundred pages there are
only three notes by the translator, though
Ward's "Newman" is a mine of pertinent
information. Indeed, M. Thureau-Dangin
more than once expresses regret that he had
not access to Newman's long-withheld cor-
respondence.
These faults and omissions would be less
grave in a work of less significance; but, in
spite of them, the book is of high interest and
value to the English reader. It is a history,
written from the Catholic point of view and
with the most admirable temper, of the
Oxford Movement and its results. There is
nothing like it in English, and it is all the
more valuable because of its French origin.
The author's attitude toward Anglicanism
is singularly sympathetic. While he makes
the compromises and logical weaknesses of the
Anglican position abundantly clear, he treats
the Anglican leaders with a deference and
respect that are not in the least qualified by
his fundamental inability to agree with them.
The last four chapters in particular, which
are devoted to the fortunes of Ritualism, are
written with the utmost comprehension and
sympathy, and should prove highly illumi-
nating to those persons, Catholic or other, who
are ignorant or scornful of the beliefs and
practices of the Catholic party in the English
Church. Nor are the opinions of the Broad
Church party handled with less liberality. It
would be difficult to imagine a treatment of
the subject less likely to arouse controversy
or more certain to lead to that spirit of
mutual sympathy and comprehension between
Anglicans and Roman Catholics out of which
some day may arise a new "peace of the
church."
We meet in these pages all the great men
of the Movement and of the Catholic revival
that succeeded it,— Newman, Manning, Ward,
Pusey, Wiseman, Church, Faber, the Wilber-
forces, and numberless others; but Newman
and Manning are of course the central figures.
In dealing with Manning, the author had the
advantage of Purcell's much-discussed biog-
raphy, which he uses with great discretion;
but in dealing with Newman he was without
much of the information which is now acces-
sible. It is the more remarkable that he should
have given an account of Newman's Catholic
life which calls for few if any corrections
from the pages of Ward. In his treatment
of these two great men, great in such different
ways, and of their relation to each other, he
has written with the utmost frankness and
with admirable judgment. He does not
attempt to minimize the unhappy divisions
between them, though he refuses to attribute
those divisions to any personal feeling on
either side. They were due simply to a
temperamental difference between the two
men in their attitude toward religious truth
and their conception of the best means of
making it prevail. His sympathies, however,
are clearly with Newman; and, indeed, judg-
ing from this book, one would conclude that
the type of Catholicism represented by M.
Thureau-Dangin is the type that looks to
Newman as its founder. The author more
than once implies his conviction that the
Grammar of Assent is the foundation and
starting-point of modern Catholic philosophy,
— an opinion shared, oddly enough, by
William George Ward, in spite of his wide
divergence from the school of Newman. One
cannot but reflect that if the type of Catholi-
cism represented by Newman and M. Thu-
reau-Dangin and the younger Ward were
more in evidence, it would be less difficult for
unsympathetic Protestants to understand the
Church, and for sympathetic ones to justify
their sympathy. But unfortunately, though
perhaps naturally, it is the Manning type
that, by its very zeal and aggressiveness,
seems exclusively to express the mind of the
Church. In any case, the task of rendering
modern Catholicism comprehensible to those
outside its pale is a task to which an able and
instructed Catholic might well devote his life,
for it is a service to religion in general and
so to civilization. Such a service we cannot
but feel M. Thureau-Dangin has rendered.
Charles H. A. Wager.


1916]
393
THE DIAL
Stoic and Mystic—both sects possessed a
calm power of resistance to brute force of
which the greatest of Belgian men of letters
must be a peculiarly acceptable interpreter to
the future. It is such a place that Mr. Clark
would give Maeterlinck in modern thought.
Benj. M. Woodbridge.
The Oxford Movement and
Its Results.*
The recent lamented death of Wilfrid Ward
has brought anew to the attention of the
reading world that astonishing episode in
the religious history of modern Europe which
is known as the Catholic revival. Begun in
France by De Maistre, and in Germany by
Stolberg and Friedrich Schlegel, as a natural
reaction against the moral anarchy of the
Revolution, it was forwarded on the continent,
in their different ways, by such diverse spirits
as Lamennais, Lacordaire, Montalembert, and
Veuillot, Gorres, Mohler, and Dollinger. But
this continental awakening had little effect,
at least in its earlier stages, upon the frost-
bound Catholicism of England. Newman has
described in a notable sermon the condition
of English Catholics in the early years of the
century,— "a few adherents of the old Reli-
gion, moving silently and sorrowfully about,
as memorials of what had been"; "a gens
lucifuga, a people who shunned the light of
day." Their "second spring" was to come
not from France or Germany, but from the
stronghold of that Faith that had first
repudiated and then oppressed them, the
University of Oxford. A new and more
aggressive Catholic mind had first to be
formed in the nation, and the leaders of the
new movement trained; and this process was
performed, quite unconsciously, of course,
by the "Tractarians." With the conversion
of Newman, Manning, and William George
Ward, and the statesmanlike activity of
Wiseman, the Catholic revival in England
begins. Of it the Wards, father and son,
were indeed "a great part," the elder by his
brilliant and aggressive ultramontanism, the
younger by his broad and philosophic liberal-
ism. Both were editoi-s of "The Dublin
Review," one of the most influential organs
of the new movement. Between them they
illustrate the two leading types of Catholic
thought during the past seventy years,— the
type of Manning and the type of Newman,
the type that represents loyalty to an insti-
* The English Catholic Revival in the Nineteenth
Century. By Paul Thureau-Danfirtn. Revised and reedited
from a translation by the late Wilfrid Wilberforce. In two
volumes. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. $11.
tution and the type that represents loyalty
to an idea. With the passing of Wilfrid
Ward, "Newmanism" has lost its most dis-
tinguished champion, for, like his father in
the old Oxford days, he too could say with
truth, "Credo in Newmannum."
The publication of an English translation
of M. Thureau-Dangin's admirable work, La
Renaissance Catholique en Angleterre au
XIXe Steele, is therefore very timely. It
forms a most useful supplement, for English
readers, to Mr. Ward's delightful books on
the subject, and especially to his monumental
life of Newman. It reveals in many places
an intellectual attitude very similar to Mr.
Ward's, and indeed M. Thureau-Dangin's
last work, published in 1912, a year before his
death, was a digest, for French readers, of
Mr. Ward's "Newman," under the title, New-
man Catholique.
The surprising thing is that M. Thureau-
Dangin's book should have waited so long
for a translator. The first volume, devoted to
"Newman and the Oxford Movement,"
appeared in 1899, and was shortly followed
by two others, bringing the narrative down
to the death of Manning in 1892. In its
original form, the work is one of the most
notable indications of the wide interest felt
in France, during the past twenty years, in
Newman and his influence on modern Catholic
thinking. Nowhere perhaps has that influence
been so marked or so beneficial, and nowhere
has it given rise to literary work of so great
interest and importance. It is quite safe to
say that with the exception of Mr. Ward's
writings, the best work that has been done
on Newman and his school within recent years
has been done by Frenchmen. The names
of Dimnet, Bremond, and Madame Lucie
Faure Goyau, to mention only the best known,
are illustrations of the high type of talent
that has been devoted to the service of
Newman in France. These names suggest
also his relation to the broadest and most
liberal school of Catholicism, and indicate the
part that he is still to play in the interpreta-
tion of Catholic doctrine to the modern
world.
But if it is surprising that M. Thureau-
Dangin's book should have gone so long
untranslated, it is still more surprising that
it should not have been translated with the
most scrupulous care. The name of Wilber-
force on the title-page of a book on this sub-
ject ought to be a guarantee of competence,
but there is no indication who it was that
"revised and re-edited" it after the trans-
lator's death. In fact, the translation has the
appearance of a work to which the author's


394
[November 16
THE DIAL
last hand has not been given, though even this
does not account for its most inexcusable
fault, that of not accurately representing the
original. Much of it indeed is not transla-
tion at all, but free paraphrase. Whole pages
are mere abstracts of important passages in
the French text, and this without a word of
editorial warning. Many passages are omitted
altogether, among them numberless foot-notes
and three valuable bibliographies. It is
obvious that an English reader would be con-
cerned to know whether the foreign author
of a book of this kind had consulted the lead-
ing authorities; but this information is
denied him. As a matter of fact, M. Thureau-
Dangin's lists seem to include all the impor-
tant works on the subject. Moreover, while
the translation is, for the most part, fluent
and idiomatic, it abounds in amazing errors,
passages in which the sense of the original
is wholly misconceived. And finally, neither
translator nor editor apparently considered
it any part of his duty to bring the book up
to date by supplying it with annotations
drawn from the most recent works on the
subject. In eleven hundred pages there are
only three notes by the translator, though
Ward's "Newman" is a mine of pertinent
information. Indeed, M. Thureau-Dangin
more than once expresses regret that he had
not access to Newman's long-withheld cor-
respondence.
These faults and omissions would be less
grave in a work of less significance; but, in
spite of them, the book is of high interest and
value to the English reader. It is a history,
written from the Catholic point of view and
with the most admirable temper, of the
Oxford Movement and its results. There is
nothing like it in English, and it is all the
more valuable because of its French origin.
The author's attitude toward Anglicanism
is singularly sympathetic. While he makes
the compromises and logical weaknesses of the
Anglican position abundantly clear, he treats
the Anglican leaders with a deference and
respect that are not in the least qualified by
his fundamental inability to agree with them.
The last four chapters in particular, which
are devoted to the fortunes of Ritualism, are
written with the utmost comprehension and
sympathy, and should prove highly illumi-
nating to those persons, Catholic or other, who
are ignorant or scornful of the beliefs and
practices of the Catholic party in the English
Church. Nor are the opinions of the Broad
Church party handled with less liberality. It
would be difficult to imagine a treatment of
the subject less likely to arouse controversy
or more certain to lead to that spirit of
mutual sympathy and comprehension between
Anglicans and Roman Catholics out of which
some day may arise a new "peace of the
church."
We meet in these pages all the great men
of the Movement and of the Catholic revival
that succeeded it,— Newman, Manning, Ward,
Pusey, Wiseman, Church, Faber, the Wilber-
forces, and numberless others; but Newman
and Manning are of course the central figures.
In dealing with Manning, the author had the
advantage of Purcell's much-discussed biog-
raphy, which he uses with great discretion;
but in dealing with Newman he was without
much of the information which is now acces-
sible. It is the more remarkable that he should
have given an account of Newman's Catholic
life which calls for few if any corrections
from the pages of Ward. In his treatment
of these two great men, great in such different
ways, and of their relation to each other, he
has written with the utmost frankness and
with admirable judgment. He does not
attempt to minimize the unhappy divisions
between them, though he refuses to attribute
those divisions to any personal feeling on
either side. They were due simply to a
temperamental difference between the two
men in their attitude toward religious truth
and their conception of the best means of
making it prevail. His sympathies, however,
are clearly with Newman; and, indeed, judg-
ing from this book, one would conclude that
the type of Catholicism represented by M.
Thureau-Dangin is the type that looks to
Newman as its founder. The author more
than once implies his conviction that the
Grammar of Assent is the foundation and
starting-point of modern Catholic philosophy,
— an opinion shared, oddly enough, by
William George Ward, in spite of his wide
divergence from the school of Newman. One
cannot but reflect that if the type of Catholi-
cism represented by Newman and M. Thu-
reau-Dangin and the younger Ward were
more in evidence, it would be less difficult for
unsympathetic Protestants to understand the
Church, and for sympathetic ones to justify
their sympathy. But unfortunately, though
perhaps naturally, it is the Manning type
that, by its very zeal and aggressiveness,
seems exclusively to express the mind of the
Church. In any case, the task of rendering
modern Catholicism comprehensible to those
outside its pale is a task to which an able and
instructed Catholic might well devote his life,
for it is a service to religion in general and
so to civilization. Such a service we cannot
but feel M. Thureau-Dangin has rendered.
Charles H. A. Wager.


1916]
395
THE DIAL
Poe's Helen.*
Sarah Helen Whitman, the Rhode Island
poet, was born at Providence on January 19,
1803, six years to a day before the birth of
Edgar Allan Poe. Her father was Nicholas
Power, an adventurer and erratic fellow; her
mother, Anna Marsh, a woman of fine com-
mon sense and exceptional strength of char-
acter. In 1828 Sarah Power was married
to John Winslow Whitman, a young lawyer
of Boston. In 1833 Mr. Whitman died, and
thereafter until her death in 1878 Mrs.
Whitman made her home in the city of her
birth. In November, 1848, after a brief but
highly romantic courtship, Mrs. Whitman
entered into a conditional engagement with
the poet Poe, whose wife had died early in
1847; but this engagement was broken off
in the following month only a day or two
before that appointed for their marriage.
Mrs. Whitman published in 1860 a volume,
"Edgar Poe and His Critics," in defence of
Poe against Griswold and other unsym-
pathetic biographers. In 1853 a volume of
her poems, "Hours of Life, and Other
Poems," was brought out, and a collected
edition of her verses was published shortly
after her death.
The story of Mrs. Whitman's life has been
told again and again by editors and biog-
raphers of Poe; but it has now been told
anew and at length in a handsome volume
from the pen of Miss Caroline Ticknor. Much
of the material included in this volume, as
Miss Ticknor frankly states in her Preface,
had already been given to the world. Here,
for instance, are the impassioned love-letters
written by Poe to Mrs. Whitman in the fall
and winter of 1848, first published in their
completeness by Professor J. A. Harrison in
1909. Here, again, are the particulars of
Poe's wooing of Mrs. Whitman and of the
preparations made for the wedding that was
not to be, particulars already set forth in an
article contributed by Professor Harrison and
Miss Charlotte Dailey to "The Century
Magazine" in January, 1909. And here are
the sonnets written by Mrs. Whitman in mem-
ory of Poe, and some of the letters of George
W. Curtis to Mrs. Whitman, a sheaf of which
appeared in the "Atlantic" two years ago.
But we have also considerable new material.
Now more fully than ever before we have the
story of Mrs. Whitman's early years, of her
friendship with Curtis and Greeley and Hay,
and of her home life in Providence during her
later years. We have also sundry new letters
• Poe's Helen.
Scribner's Sons.
By Caroline Ticknor. New York: Charles
$1.60.
touching Poe's strange career,— some from
the poet's mother-in-law, Mrs. Clemm, some
from Griswold, some from Mrs. Whitman
herself (though we are still without the letters
of Mrs. Whitman to Poe); and we have a
lengthy account of the bickerings indulged in
by certain of Poe's earlier biographers,
together with much new information about
Mrs. Lewis, Mrs. Shew, Mrs. Gove-Nichols,
Mrs. Ellet, and other romantic women with
whom the poet came into contact in his "lone-
some latter years." In all this there is noth-
ing that is discreditable to Mrs. Whitman,
and little that is discreditable to Poe; but
Mrs. Lewis appears in an unenviable light,
and the unlovely side of Mrs. Clemm's later
history is relentlessly exposed. Both Mrs.
Whitman and Mrs. Osgood, we learn, disap-
proved heartily of Mrs. Lewis; and Mrs.
Osgood is cited as authority for the statement
that Mrs. Clemm was "a thorn in Poe's side"
and was "always embroiling him in difficul-
ties." Mrs. Whitman, so we are told, had
"throughout her life a succession of adorers,"
her hand being "sought in marriage, even in
her latest years." It is suggested that Mr.
Pabodie, who assumed the part of Poe's friend
and comrade on the occasion of his last visit
to Mrs. Whitman's home, was among these
adorers, and that he was in reality an active
agent in bringing about the rupture between
Mrs. Whitman and the unhappy poet. Inter-
esting information is also brought out as to
Poe's trip to Richmond in the summer of
1848, as to Mrs. Whitman's interpretation of
the lyric, "To Helen," addressed to her by
Poe, and as to the grounds on which Mrs.
Whitman based her belief — an erroneous
one, beyond all doubt — that "Annabel Lee"
was a "veiled expression" of the poet's
"undying remembrance of her."
Poe once declared that Mrs. Whitman's
poetry was "instinct with genius." Miss
Ticknor expresses the opinion that her "poetic
contributions" entitle her to "literary immor-
tality." We are bound to believe that this
is excessive praise. Poetic gifts she undoubt-
edly had, but her verses lack the energy and
the intensity that are necessary to secure
enduring fame. Her name will live, if indeed
it is destined to live, mainly by reason of its
association with that of Edgar Allan Poe.
In like manner, the chief importance of the
present volume must be sought in the informa-
tion that it furnishes about Poe and the
unholy atmosphere in which he spent his
declining days. But the volume must also
find its justification in the fuller knowledge
that it gives of the life of Mrs. Whitman.
Killis Campbell.


394
[November 16
THE DIAL
last hand has not been given, though even this
does not account for its most inexcusable
fault, that of not accurately representing the
original. Much of it indeed is not transla-
tion at all, but free paraphrase. Whole pages
are mere abstracts of important passages in
the French text, and this without a word of
editorial warning. Many passages are omitted
altogether, among them numberless foot-notes
and three valuable bibliographies. It is
obvious that an English reader would be con-
cerned to know whether the foreign author
of a book of this kind had consulted the lead-
ing authorities; but this information is
denied him. As a matter of fact, M. Thureau-
Dangin's lists seem to include all the impor-
tant works on the subject. Moreover, while
the translation is, for the most part, fluent
and idiomatic, it abounds in amazing errors,
passages in which the sense of the original
is wholly misconceived. And finally, neither
translator nor editor apparently considered
it any part of his duty to bring the book up
to date by supplying it with annotations
drawn from the most recent works on the
subject. In eleven hundred pages there are
only three notes by the translator, though
Ward’s “Newman” is a mine of pertinent
information. Indeed, M. Thureau-Dangin
more than once expresses regret that he had
not access to Newman's long-withheld cor-
respondence.
These faults and omissions would be less
grave in a work of less significance; but, in
spite of them, the book is of high interest and
value to the English reader. It is a history,
written from the Catholic point of view and
with the most admirable temper, of the
Oxford Movement and its results. There is
nothing like it in English, and it is all the
more valuable because of its French origin.
The author's attitude toward Anglicanism
is singularly sympathetic. While he makes
the compromises and logical weaknesses of the
Anglican position abundantly clear, he treats
the Anglican leaders with a deference and
respect that are not in the least qualified by
his fundamental inability to agree with them.
The last four chapters in particular, which
are devoted to the fortunes of Ritualism, are
written with the utmost comprehension and
sympathy, and should prove highly illumi-
nating to those persons, Catholic or other, who
are ignorant or scornful of the beliefs and
practices of the Catholic party in the English
Church. Nor are the opinions of the Broad
Church party handled with less liberality. It
would be difficult to imagine a treatment of
the subject less likely to arouse controversy
or more certain to lead to that spirit of
mutual sympathy and comprehension between
Anglicans and Roman Catholics out of which
some day may arise a new “peace of the
church.” -
We meet in these pages all the great men
of the Movement and of the Catholic revival
that succeeded it, Newman, Manning, Ward,
Pusey, Wiseman, Church, Faber, the Wilber-
forces, and numberless others; but Newman
and Manning are of course the central figures.
In dealing with Manning, the author had the
advantage of Purcell's much-discussed biog-
raphy, which he uses with great discretion;
but in dealing with Newman he was without
much of the information which is now acces-
sible. It is the more remarkable that he should
have given an account of Newman's Catholic
life which calls for few if any corrections
from the pages of Ward. In his treatment
of these two great men, great in such different
ways, and of their relation to each other, he
has written with the utmost frankness and
with admirable judgment. He does not
attempt to minimize the unhappy divisions
between them, though he refuses to attribute
those divisions to any personal feeling on
either side. They were due simply to a
temperamental difference between the two
men in their attitude toward religious truth
and their conception of the best means of
making it prevail. His sympathies, however,
are clearly with Newman; and, indeed, judg-
ing from this book, one would conclude that
the type of Catholicism represented by M.
Thureau-Dangin is the type that looks to
Newman as its founder. The author more
than once implies his conviction that the
Grammar of Assent is the foundation and
starting-point of modern Catholic philosophy,
— an opinion shared, oddly enough, by
William George Ward, in spite of his wide
divergence from the school of Newman. One
cannot but reflect that if the type of Catholi-
cism represented by Newman and M. Thu-
reau-Dangin and the younger Ward were
more in evidence, it would be less difficult for
unsympathetic Protestants to understand the
Church, and for sympathetic ones to justify
their sympathy. But unfortunately, though
perhaps naturally, it is the Manning type
that, by its very zeal and aggressiveness,
seems exclusively to express the mind of the
Church. In any case, the task of rendering
modern Catholicism comprehensible to those
outside its pale is a task to which an able and
instructed Catholic might well devote his life,
for it is a service to religion in general and
so to civilization. Such a service we cannot
but feel M. Thureau-Dangin has rendered.
CHARLES H. A. WAGER.


1916] THE
DIAL 395
POE’s HELEN.”
Sarah Helen Whitman, the Rhode Island
poet, was born at Providence on January 19,
1803, six years to a day before the birth of
Edgar Allan Poe. Her father was Nicholas
Power, an adventurer and erratic fellow; her
mother, Anna Marsh, a woman of fine com-
mon sense and exceptional strength of char-
acter. In 1828 Sarah Power was married
to John Winslow Whitman, a young lawyer
of Boston. In 1833 Mr. Whitman died, and
thereafter until her death in 1878 Mrs.
Whitman made her home in the city of her
birth. In November, 1848, after a brief but
highly romantic courtship, Mrs. Whitman
entered into a conditional engagement with
the poet Poe, whose wife had died early in
1847; but this engagement was broken off
in the following month only a day or two
before that appointed for their marriage.
Mrs. Whitman published in 1860 a volume,
“Edgar Poe and His Critics,” in defence of
Poe against Griswold and other unsym-
pathetic biographers. In 1853 a volume of
her poems, “Hours of Life, and Other
Poems,” was brought out, and a collected
edition of her verses was published shortly
after her death.
The story of Mrs. Whitman’s life has been
told again and again by editors and biog-
raphers of Poe; but it has now been told
anew and at length in a handsome volume
from the pen of Miss Caroline Ticknor. Much
of the material included in this volume, as
Miss Ticknor frankly states in her Preface,
had already been given to the world. Here,
for instance, are the impassioned love-letters
written by Poe to Mrs. Whitman in the fall
and winter of 1848, first published in their
completeness by Professor J. A. Harrison in
1909. Here, again, are the particulars of
Poe's wooing of Mrs. Whitman and of the
preparations made for the wedding that was
not to be, particulars already set forth in an
article contributed by Professor Harrison and
Miss Charlotte Dailey to “The Century
Magazine” in January, 1909. And here are
the sonnets written by Mrs. Whitman in mem-
ory of Poe, and some of the letters of George
W. Curtis to Mrs. Whitman, a sheaf of which
appeared in the “Atlantic” two years ago.
But we have also considerable new material.
Now more fully than ever before we have the
story of Mrs. Whitman's early years, of her
friendship with Curtis and Greeley and Hay,
and of her home life in Providence during her
later years. We have also sundry new letters
* PoE’s HELEN.
Scribner's Sons.
By Caroline Ticknor.
New York: Charles
$1.50.
touching Poe's strange career, some from
the poet's mother-in-law, Mrs. Clemm, some
from Griswold, some from Mrs. Whitman
herself (though we are still without the letters
of Mrs. Whitman to Poe); and we have a
lengthy account of the bickerings indulged in
by certain of Poe's earlier biographers,
together with much new information about
Mrs. Lewis, Mrs. Shew, Mrs. Gove-Nichols,
Mrs. Ellet, and other romantic women with
whom the poet came into contact in his “lone-
some latter years.” In all this there is noth-
ing that is discreditable to Mrs. Whitman,
and little that is discreditable to Poe; but
Mrs. Lewis appears in an unenviable light,
and the unlovely side of Mrs. Clemm's later
history is relentlessly exposed. Both Mrs.
Whitman and Mrs. Osgood, we learn, disap-
proved heartily of Mrs. Lewis; and Mrs.
Osgood is cited as authority for the statement
that Mrs. Clemm was “a thorn in Poe's side.”
and was “always embroiling him in difficul-
ties.” Mrs. Whitman, so we are told, had
“throughout her life a succession of adorers,”
her hand being “sought in marriage, even in
her latest years.” It is suggested that Mr.
Pabodie, who assumed the part of Poe's friend
and comrade on the occasion of his last visit
to Mrs. Whitman's home, was among these
adorers, and that he was in reality an active
agent in bringing about the rupture between
Mrs. Whitman and the unhappy poet. Inter-
esting information is also brought out as to
Poe's trip to Richmond in the summer of
1848, as to Mrs. Whitman's interpretation of
the lyric, “To Helen,” addressed to her by
Poe, and as to the grounds on which Mrs.
Whitman based her belief— an erroneous
one, beyond all doubt — that “Annabel Lee”
was a “veiled expression” of the poet's
“undying remembrance of her.”
Poe once declared that Mrs. Whitman's
poetry was “instinct with genius.” Miss
Ticknor expresses the opinion that her “poetic
contributions” entitle her to “literary immor-
tality.” We are bound to believe that this
is excessive praise. Poetic gifts she undoubt-
edly had, but her verses lack the energy and
the intensity that are necessary to secure
enduring fame. Her name will live, if indeed
it is destined to live, mainly by reason of its
association with that of Edgar Allan Poe.
In like manner, the chief importance of the
present volume must be sought in the informa-
tion that it furnishes about Poe and the
unholy atmosphere in which he spent his
declining days. But the volume must also
find its justification in the fuller knowledge
that it gives of the life of Mrs. Whitman.
KILLIS CAMPBELL.


396
[November 16
THE DIAL
Recent Fiction.*
There are, and for many years have been,
plenty of books which tell how ordinary
people did ordinary things. Some people like
them, because now and then they seem to get
well beneath the hardened crust of life and
show us the real life underneath. It was
Miss Kitty Ellison, some forty years ago, who
said, "If I were to write a story, I should
take the slightest kind of plot, and lay the
scene in the dullest kind of place, and then
bring out all their possibilities." Mr. Howells
was the chronicler of the utterance, Mr.
Howells who also said on his own account,
"Ah! poor Real Life, which I love, can I
make others see the delight I find in thy
foolish and insipid face?" In those days
Mrs. Humphry Ward was a girl of much the
same age as Kitty, but she must have had
a very different ideal in literature. Anyone
who is tired of books like Miss Kitty's favor-
ite "Details" can always turn to Mrs. Ward
for relief, for she never writes of ordinary
people save as foil or relief, and only rarely
of ordinary things.
In that charming old time when both
"Pinafore" and Pater flourished, when
Oxford was still full of the recollection of
Newman and Pusey, and of T. H. Green and
Matthew Arnold, as well as of more light-
minded and able-bodied persons whose names
survive chiefly in the annals of boating and
cricket, there came to stay with her guardian,
a classical reader at the University, a certain
Lady Constance Bledlow, who was one of
the most charming people imaginable. She
was the orphan daughter of a rich English
peer who had lived long in Italy and she
had become an epitome of all that was delight-
ful in English aristocracy and cosmopolitan
culture as well as in feminine attraction.
When she appeared, she made a clean sweep.
Not only was everybody charmed with her,
but when she went to a great reception given
in honor of the Lord Chancellor she became
almost the guest of the evening in place of the
great statesmen, with the voix d'or well-
known in courts and in Parliament. Fellows,
professors, masters, doctors, heads of colleges
crowded around her, and the Lord Chancel-
lor himself proved to be a great friend of hers.
And it was not only the learned world of
Oxford which she at once subdued, but the
undergraduate world also, so far as it was
•Lady Connie. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. New York:
Hearst's International Library Co. $1.50.
Rodmoor. By John Cowper Powys. New York: G. Arnold
Shaw. $1.60.
Julius LeVallon. By Algernon Blackwood. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.60.
able, fell at her feet. Particularly was this
so with Douglas Falloden, the son of a rich
old Yorkshire baronet and himself one of the
ablest and haughtiest aristocrats at the
University. A renowned scholar and winner
of the Newdigate and the Ireland (in a
fiercely contested year), he was equally
famous as an athlete and a "blood," for the
story is of the day when that quaint old
expression was current. She was charming
if not absolutely beautiful, winning, wonder-
ful, and he was strong, imperious, and also
wonderful,— and there you are.
The time is long passed for discussing the
claims of Mrs. Humphry Ward to greatness.
One will find in her — as in some greater and
many lesser writers — a brilliant picture of
an interesting life, but it will be such a pic-
ture as to leave one with the sense of being
on the outside. She always talks and tells of
remarkable and wonderful and charming and
delightful things and people, but she rarely
gives us more of an impression than is given
by anybody's talking and telling of some-
body else. As one of her own people says,
"They tell us they're splendid fellows, and,
of course, we must believe them. But who's
to know?" Even in "Robert Elsmere" was
this peculiarity apparent. That terrible
Squire was always throwing a biting epigram
across the table, but the reader never had
any of them. Mrs. Ward's world is the
world of gossip, greater and less,— the won-
derful voix d'or is known in courts and par-
liaments, the Ireland was won in a hotly
contested year. The great world of intellect,
fashion, art, culture, passes before us and
we may admire if we will, but we rarely get
beyond that; we are outsiders and held
severely at a distance. All that is well
enough perhaps; it may be that we should
not be able to appreciate the ideas and the
feelings of the august, but whether we should
or should not is of no consequence, for we
never have a chance. This is more the case
in "Lady Connie" than in some other of Mrs.
Ward's books; we feel that we have had a
pleasant glimpse at an interesting life, but
after all it is the way spectators might look
at a great ball.
Nothing of this sort will be said of Mr.
Powys's "Rodmoor." The world is very
different for one thing. It is not the world
of culture and art and public life as it exists
in the general convention of agreement by
cultivated people, the well-understood world
of Oxford halls and charming old country
houses where people are known by the color
of their cricket caps or the cut of their gowns.
It is an out-of-the-wav and obscure world,


1916]
397
THE DIAL
in a remote part of England already half
washed away by the sea, a country hardly
known outside its own melancholy borders.
Nor do the people belong to the well-under-
stood if noteworthy classes that Mrs. Ward
is apt to deal with,— distinguished scholars,
English or cosmopolitan, men of political or
social position, women of recognized culture.
They are people of no especially distinguish-
able class, and even if they were it would
matter little, for class or not, they are crea-
tions chiefly of an intense individuality.
Instead of being people to be admired, people
of attraction, charm, distinction, people who
realize ideals we may have often had for
ourselves, they are a fierce, half-crazy set
whom we should think it a great misfortune to
resemble in any way. Not only are they
nearly crazy themselves, but they are driven
almost to mania by the morbid influences of
the desolate place where they pass their aston-
ishing lives. Yet with all this, there is one
interesting thing about them: what they are,
they themselves are; no one has to tell us
anything about them. Mr. Powys very
probably would give a different account of
his characters from mine,— indeed, he does
now and then,— but it does not matter what
he says of them. There they are; one can
judge for oneself.
Whatever you may think of such an exhibi-
tion, it has at least a sort of reality; it gives
the impression at least of going deeper into
life, of not merely viewing as an admiring
spectator the superficial and conventional
phases that one reads of in every newspaper
or sees at every dinner table, but of actually
exploring some of the deeply hidden springs
of action in the hearts of men and women.
Adrian and Brand and Phillippa were, and
were meant to be, actually tinged with mania
of some sort, but Hamish Traherne and
Baltazer Stock and Linda Herrick are not
much better. The only sane person in the
book, as somebody practically says, is a sad-
faced, religious mother. But crazy or not,
they are people of sensitive and intense feel-
ing, which Mr. Powys has no difficulty in
making us appreciate.
Perhaps this may not be actually a truer
view of life than Mrs. Ward's. In "Lady
Connie" the imperious aristocrat of a hero is
mad with jealousy and irretrievably injures
a foreign artist by throwing him into a foun-
tain. The artist recovers his general health
but slowly, and the aristocrat endeavors to
make atonement by going to live with him in
a little cottage outside Oxford, where he some-
times sees Lady Connie who visits the young
artist in the quality of an affectionate sister.
In "Rodmoor" Phillippa, a girl of a boy-
like, sexless, Sapphic charm who could walk
with Adrian or swim with him indifferently,
is on some excursion with him shortly before
his wedding to someone else. They come to
a barn and are sitting down in the shade when
Adrian goes up into the loft and wants
Phillippa to come up too. She does not care
to, and he being insistent comes down to tie
a rope around her and pull her up. When
she resists, he gives her a great whack on the
chest with the rope. This breaks her spirit,
and she becomes a woman and falls dead in
love with him. It may be hard to say which
of the two situations is more actually real,
but Mr. Powys certainly has less of the well-
established convention.
Mr. Powys does not probe very deeply into
the mysteries of the human spirit, but at least
he makes his effort. He is not content to give
us easy references to things which are well
known and of good report; he wants to make
us see and feel for ourselves. Possibly he has
an easier task. Really to understand people
like Douglas Falloden and Constance Bledlow
may be a difficult matter. It is doubtless
easier merely to tell how he studied all night
and how everybody crowded round her at the
ball. It may indeed be easier to present these
extravagants like Adrian and Phillippa than
those whose true nature expresses itself in the
ordinary conventionalities. Mr. Powys fol-
lows distinguished masters; Emily Bronte
and Paul Verlaine have given him some ideas
on the extravagant and sensitive possibilities
of men and women. But of whomever he has
learned, he has gained the desire to look
beneath the surface and see for himself, and
that desire is in itself a great thing.
As Mr. Powys seems to have the desire
to get at some of the deeply hidden springs
of power in human life, Mr. Algernon Black-
wood goes even deeper in his explorations of
the life of the human soul. His book is writ-
ten with the conception of a life of the soul
which reaches back into the past for century.
after century, and he pursues his thesis with
the seriousness of an actual student; in fact,
I must confess myself uncertain as to whether
Mr. Blackwood is a student who wishes to
clothe a great idea in a form that will attract
attention and arouse interest, or a novelist
with a taste for the mysterious and the
remarkable who finds in the ancient belief
the chance to present that combination of
people and story which makes a good novel.
It is fortunately unnecessary to decide; few
of us even though deeply interested would
accept such a view on the authority of a work
of fiction of whatever excellence. If we read


396 THE
DIAL [November 16
RECENT FICTION.”
There are, and for many years have been,
plenty of books which tell how ordinary
people did ordinary things. Some people like
them, because now and then they seem to get
well beneath the hardened crust of life and
show us the real life underneath. It was
Miss Kitty Ellison, some forty years ago, who
said, “If I were to write a story, I should
take the slightest kind of plot, and lay the
scene in the dullest kind of place, and then
bring out all their possibilities.” Mr. Howells
was the chronicler of the utterance, Mr.
Howells who also said on his own account,
“Ah! poor Real Life, which I love, can I
make others see the delight I find in thy
foolish and insipid face?” In those days
Mrs. Humphry Ward was a girl of much the
same age as Kitty, but she must have had
a very different ideal in literature. Anyone
who is tired of books like Miss Kitty's favor-
ite “Details” can always turn to Mrs. Ward
for relief, for she never writes of ordinary
people save as foil or relief, and only rarely
of ordinary things.
In that charming old time when both
“Pinafore” and Pater flourished, when
Oxford was still full of the recollection of
Newman and Pusey, and of T. H. Green and
Matthew Arnold, as well as of more light-
minded and able-bodied persons whose names
survive chiefly in the annals of boating and
cricket, there came to stay with her guardian,
a classical reader at the University, a certain
Lady Constance Bledlow, who was one of
the most charming people imaginable. She
was the orphan daughter of a rich English
peer who had lived long in Italy and she
had become an epitome of all that was delight-
ful in English aristocracy and cosmopolitan
culture as well as in feminine attraction.
When she appeared, she made a clean sweep.
Not only was everybody charmed with her,
but when she went to a great reception given
in honor of the Lord Chancellor she became
almost the guest of the evening in place of the
great statesmen, with the voia d'or well-
known in courts and in Parliament. Fellows,
professors, masters, doctors, heads of colleges
crowded around her, and the Lord Chancel-
lor himself proved to be a great friend of hers.
And it was not only the learned world of
Oxford which she at once subdued, but the
undergraduate world also, so far as it was
*LADY Connie. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. New York:
Hearst's International Library Co. $1.50.
RoDMoor. By John Cowper Powys. New York : G. Arnold
Shaw. $1.50.
JULIUS LEWALLON. By Algernon Blackwood. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
able, fell at her feet. Particularly was this
so with Douglas Falloden, the son of a rich
old Yorkshire baronet and himself one of the
ablest and haughtiest aristocrats at the
University. A renowned scholar and winner
of the Newdigate and the Ireland (in a
fiercely contested year), he was equally
famous as an athlete and a “blood,” for the
story is of the day when that quaint old
expression was current. She was charming
if not absolutely beautiful, winning, wonder-
ful, and he was strong, imperious, and also
wonderful, and there you are.
The time is long passed for discussing the
claims of Mrs. Humphry Ward to greatness.
One will find in her—as in some greater and
many lesser writers — a brilliant picture of
an interesting life, but it will be such a pic-
ture as to leave one with the sense of being
on the outside. She always talks and tells of
remarkable and wonderful and charming and
delightful things and people, but she rarely
gives us more of an impression than is given
by anybody's talking and telling of some-
body else. As one of her own people says,
“They tell us they’re splendid fellows, and,
of course, we must believe them. But who's
to know?” Even in “Robert Elsmere” was
this peculiarity apparent. That terrible
Squire was always throwing a biting epigram
across the table, but the reader never had
any of them. Mrs. Ward's world is the
world of gossip, greater and less, the won-
derful voix d'or is known in courts and par-
liaments, the Ireland was won in a hotly
contested year. The great world of intellect,
fashion, art, culture, passes before us and
we may admire if we will, but we rarely get
beyond that; we are outsiders and held
severely at a distance. All that is well
enough perhaps; it may be that we should
not be able to appreciate the ideas and the
feelings of the august, but whether we should
or should not is of no consequence, for we
never have a chance. This is more the case
in “Lady Connie” than in some other of Mrs.
Ward's books; we feel that we have had a
pleasant glimpse at an interesting life, but
after all it is the way spectators might look
at a great ball.
Nothing of this sort will be said of Mr.
Powys’s “Rodmoor.” The world is very
different for one thing. It is not the world
of culture and art and public life as it exists
in the general convention of agreement by
cultivated people, the well-understood world
of Oxford halls and charming old country
houses where people are known by the color
of their cricket caps or the cut of their gowns.
It is an out-of-the-way and obscure world,


1916] THE
DIAL 397
:
§
ſº
in a remote part of England already half
washed away by the sea, a country hardly
known outside its own melancholy borders.
Nor do the people belong to the well-under-
stood if noteworthy classes that Mrs. Ward
is apt to deal with, distinguished scholars,
English or cosmopolitan, men of political or
social position, women of recognized culture.
They are people of no especially distinguish-
able class, and even if they were it would
matter little, for class or not, they are crea-
tions chiefly of an intense individuality.
Instead of being people to be admired, people
of attraction, charm, distinction, people who
realize ideals we may have often had for
ourselves, they are a fierce, half-crazy set
whom we should think it a great misfortune to
resemble in any way. Not only are they
nearly crazy themselves, but they are driven
almost to mania by the morbid influences of
the desolate place where they pass their aston-
ishing lives. Yet with all this, there is one
interesting thing about them: what they are,
they themselves are; no one has to tell us
anything about them. Mr. Powys very
probably would give a different account of
his characters from mine,—indeed, he does
now and then, but it does not matter what
he says of them. There they are; one can
judge for oneself.
Whatever you may think of such an exhibi-
tion, it has at least a sort of reality; it gives
the impression at least of going deeper into
life, of not merely viewing as an admiring
spectator the superficial and conventional
phases that one reads of in every newspaper
or sees at every dinner table, but of actually
exploring some of the deeply hidden springs
of action in the hearts of men and women.
Adrian and Brand and Phillippa were, and
were meant to be, actually tinged with mania
of some sort, but Hamish Traherne and
Baltazer Stock and Linda Herrick are not
much better. The only sane person in the
book, as somebody practically says, is a sad-
faced, religious mother. But crazy or not,
they are people of sensitive and intense feel-
ing, which Mr. Powys has no difficulty in
making us appreciate.
Perhaps this may not be actually a truer
view of life than Mrs. Ward's. In “Lady
Connie” the imperious aristocrat of a hero is
mad with jealousy and irretrievably injures
a foreign artist by throwing him into a foun-
tain. The artist recovers his general health
but slowly, and the aristocrat endeavors to
make atonement by going to live with him in
a little cottage outside Oxford, where he some-
times sees Lady Connie who visits the young
artist in the quality of an affectionate sister.
In “Rodmoor.” Phillippa, a girl of a boy-
like, sexless, Sapphic charm who could walk
with Adrian or swim with him indifferently,
is on some excursion with him shortly before
his wedding to someone else. They come to
a barn and are sitting down in the shade when
Adrian goes up into the loft and wants
Phillippa to come up too. She does not care
to, and he being insistent comes down to tie
a rope around her and pull her up. When
she resists, he gives her a great whack on the
chest with the rope. This breaks her spirit,
and she becomes a woman and falls dead in
love with him. It may be hard to say which
of the two situations is more actually real,
but Mr. Powys certainly has less of the well-
established convention.
Mr. Powys does not probe very deeply into
the mysteries of the human spirit, but at least
he makes his effort. He is not content to give
us easy references to things which are well
known and of good report; he wants to make
us see and feel for ourselves. Possibly he has
an easier task. Really to understand people
like Douglas Falloden and Constance Bledlow
may be a difficult matter. It is doubtless
easier merely to tell how he studied all night.
and how everybody crowded round her at the .
ball. It may indeed be easier to present these,
extravagants like Adrian and Phillippa than
those whose true nature expresses itself in the
ordinary conventionalities. Mr. Powys fol-
lows distinguished masters; Emily Bronté.
and Paul Verlaine have given him some ideas
on the extravagant and sensitive possibilities
of men and women. But of whomever he has
learned, he has gained the desire to look
beneath the surface and see for himself, and
that desire is in itself a great thing. -
As Mr. Powys seems to have the desire
to get at some of the deeply hidden springs
of power in human life, Mr. Algernon Black-
wood goes even deeper in his explorations of
the life of the human soul. His book is writ-
ten with the conception of a life of the soul
which reaches back into the past for century.
after century, and he pursues his thesis with
the seriousness of an actual student; in fact,
I must confess myself uncertain as to whether
Mr. Blackwood is a student who wishes to
clothe a great idea in a form that will attract
attention and arouse interest, or a novelist
with a taste for the mysterious and the
remarkable who finds in the ancient belief
the chance to present that combination of
people and story which makes a good pººl.
It is fortunately unnecessary to deciſ
of us even though deeply intereº
accept such a view on the autº
of fiction of whatever exer.


398
[November 16
THE DIAL
with sympathy, with interest, with convic-
tion even, we may gain a will to believe, but
we shall naturally wish to go to rather differ-
ent sources for more definite conviction.
Mr. Blackwood's story is one of the trans-
migration of souls, or, rather, of the power of
the soul in our day to recall essential circum-
stances of its life in past avatars. There
have been other such stories; one of the
latest was Mr. Jack London's "The Star
Rover." But while Mr. London's book
seemed merely the work of an imaginative
mind dealing with the fancy of pre-existent
forms, Mr. Blackwood has a much more
serious, even systematic, way of looking at
his question and has produced a more inter-
esting book. I am frankly ignorant of the
"literature of the subject," but I suppose that
from very ancient times, from times older
than Pythagoras and Plato, men have looked
with intense and deep curiosity at those things
that happen in our life that seem to indicate
that we have lived before. Whatever the
philosophers have said, there are not a few
of such questionings in literature. Mr.
Blackwood takes this recognition, this bring-
ing back to recollection memories of a very
ancient past, and thereon builds his book. I
presume I do him no wrong if I say that his
particular idea seems unconvincing. That the
souls of the persons of the writer, of Julius
LeVallon, of the woman whom Julius had
found and married, should meet after cen-
turies and should be able to right an old
wrong,—this consequence of the belief that
the soul has lived in the past does not seem
to me very well assured. But even if it were,
perhaps it would not be so interesting as the
belief which Mr. Blackwood enforces much
better in the life of the soul to-day. The
soul in Julius, in the friend of his boyhood,
in his wife,— we do get some impression of
them, or at least the impression that they
exist and have a life rather different from
the life to which we are accustomed. The
people we commonly see in novels,— perhaps
with a certain external superficiality, or
moved by a deeper understanding,— do we
get at the life of their souls? Mr. Blackwood
would have us understand that there is a
life of the soul. It is one of the hardest
things to do — this presentation of what
everybody believes — and that Mr. Black-
wood should even in some measure be able to
do it, gives his book a position apart from
many books that We approve for other reasons.
Such are some of the variations — we had
others in our last number — which will inter-
est those who like to find in fiction something
a little more exciting than the careful and
habitual happenings of every-day existence.
If real life be so foolish and insipid, so dull
and commonplace that we get enough in fact
and wish to escape from it in imagination,
here are the means. The distinguished life
of art and culture, the fierce and individual
life of passion, the deep and sacred life of
the soul,— seen with greater or less depth or
penetration,— these offer an opportunity that
may be easily grasped.
Edward E. Hale.
Notes on New Fiction
Mr. Eden Phillpotts stands well at the bead
of England's minor novelists. A rapid writer,
always steeped in the atmosphere of his subject,
possessing an instinct for word pictures and an
insight into character, his figure is of deserved
significance in contemporary literature. His new
novel, "The Green Alleys'' (Macmillan, $1.50),
belongs to the industrial cycle of "Brunei's
Tower" and "Old Delabole." He has chosen the
hop-growing land of Kent for his scene. Com-
parison with Mr. Hardy is inevitable, for like
Mr. Hardy he makes Nature a vital force in his
story; but unlike Mr. Hardy, he makes it an
agent for happiness instead of a blind destiny-
bearing force. Mr. Phillpotts's hop-vines, like
his Cornwall slate-quarries, remain in our minds
as real and as active as any of his human char-
acters. Under the shadow of their green alleys
Nathan and Nicholas grew to manhood. Nathan,
though the elder of the brothers, had had the
misfortune to come into the world before the mar-
riage of his parents, and consequently Nicholas
was by English law the inheritor to the family
wealth,— the hops. He was rather a spoiled
darling, a master in his industry, but spiritually
and too often financially dependent upon Nathan,
who guided him with more of a father's than a
brother's love. The mother admired and wor-
shipped both. It was with the advent of Rosa
May that trouble arose. She would be the saving
of Nicholas, the mother thought; and when
Nicholas did indeed lose his heart to the girl, his
career appeared to be saved. Nathan, the elder,
concealed his deeper love. The conflict was bound
to come to light, complicated by the misfortune of
Nathan's birth and by the self-assurance and the
assertiveness of the younger brother. The mother's
fierce partisanship, yielding to her sense of
justice, and finally swept under by the new spirit
of England in the first months of war, is one of
the finest things in the book. Indeed, Mr. Phill-
potts's characters are all splendidly true, from the
bombastic father of Rosa May, who "would rather
belong to the great middle-class of England than
to any other order in the world," to the earnest
and sterling Nathan. His descriptions are equally
vivid. One breathes the very atmosphere of the
hop-picking summer days, when the people of the
country-side swarmed about the bins and fingers
flew. These descriptions have a rare fidelity and


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THE DIAL
beauty that are not often found. The reader is
impressed by the ancientness of everything,—
from the ages-old inherited hops and the cherry-
trees to the people whose family roots and instincts
and traditions extended equally into the past.
One is surprised, therefore, that possessing all
these excellencies the book does not leave a deeper
impression. But so it is,— charming, readable,
incisive in character-drawing and yet unimpres-
sive. There is no flash, no livening spark. And
part of its failure seems to be due to the modern
lack — the want of a plot. Plot laid down the
cards, and character vainly tried to play the hand
alone.
Turning to Mr. Samuel Merwin, we have a
novelist quite as representative of America as
Mr. Phillpotts is of England, and in almost every
respect his antithesis. It is the polish, the artistry,
the age that tell in "The Green Alleys." In "The
Trufflers" (Bobbs-Merrill, $1.35), Mr. Merwin's
latest book, it is the vigor, the youth, the clean-cut
vitality that count. And Mr. Merwin has a story
to tell. His scene is laid in the Latin Quarter of
New York, whither Sue Wilde, a daughter of the
Philistines, had fled in search of self-expression.
She was "a real natural oasis in a desert of
poseurs," as distinct from the exceeding self-
consciousness of her new environment as she had
been from the restraint of. her old. There Peter
Mann, the Broadway playwright, found her, fell
under the spell of her enthusiasm and her fresh-
ness, and for a long time managed to conceal from
her his real nature of the posing sentimentalist.
Mr. Merwin meant to make the man a posing
genius, but a real genius. To us and to Sue, how-
ever, he remains merely an amusing if irritating
poseur. It was Mann, nevertheless, who wrote
the Broadway success, "The Truffler," a play cal-
culated to expose the bachelor-girl characterized in
his mind as "a confirmed seeker of pleasures and
delicacies in the sober game of life, utterly self-
indulgent, going it alone — a truffle-hunter." Mr.
Merwin's point of view apparently lies between
the two; we trace it in the spiritual growth of
Sue Wilde herself, from her ardent search for
naturalness in "the Village," through her bitter
awakening, to the final emergence of her mature
self-controlled personality. Mr. Merwin has made
her very interesting and very real. Peter is almost
real. "The Worm," who finally emerges as the
true hero, is completely real — a very funny,
lovable little Queedish character. The whole sub-
ject, of course, is chosen for its timeliness; there
is a great deal of bachelor-girl realism, talk about
theatres and films, and Broadway and Washington
Square. There is a certain cheapness about the
style as about the subject,— the same cheapness
that one sees in our most popular monthlies.
There is also an artificial construction, the work-
ing up to a climax at the end of each chapter.
But the point is this,— that here is a straightfor-
ward story with very few airs and graces, and
absolutely no attempt to imitate its European for-
bears. It gives the public very honestly what the
public wants. The taste of that public may not
be of the highest, it has not had much training in
literature; but it is not going to let itself be
bored, and it is not going to mistake chronicle
for plot.
It would be a triumph for American fiction
if it might count Miss Phyllis Bottome within its
ranks. Although she has lived here and in Eng-
land, the greater part of her life has been spent
on the Continent. Likewise the Continent is the
scene of her first American-published novel, "The
Dark Tower" (Century, $1.35). This is the
purest, cleanest-cut, and finest example of the
novelist's art among the books in this group.
The writer has thought clearly, and she has
chosen a subject worth thinking about. She has
eliminated all that did not directly pertain to the
story, either in the way of character, description,
or dialogue. She has rounded the whole so that it
stands out, with all the essential detail, an almost
perfect technical triumph. (The word "technical"
is used advisedly here, to signify the application of
common sense to the expression of something
worth expressing.) Her story is of Winn Staines,
a soldier sprung from an English county family
of strong sons and daughters. He wasn't, in the
drawing-room sense of the word, "tame." He
craved "hard sharp talk that he could answer
as if it were a Punch and Judy show." He was
also a little suspicious of thinking,—"it seemed to
him rather like a way of getting out of things."
We can't blame him for being a bit nasty to
Estelle. Thirty-five years of natural living, of
much hard heart-breaking work, had not served
to fit him for Estelle's idea of marriage. Claire
(for it is the eternal triangle again) gave him the
man-to-man companionship which alone could
bring him to his knees. Marooned in Davos with
a "crocked" lung, hearing night and day the fore-
boding muffled sound behind padded doors, with
the great snow peaks and valleys beckoning him
as a symbol of freedom, he fought his love against
tremendous odds, for "the unfortunate part of
being made all of a piece is that if you happen to
want anything there is really no fibre of your
being that doesn't want it." A further result of
being made all of a piece is that you are rarely
able after the age of thirty-five to turn quite as
"soft" as Winn became at the end. Winn was a
great deal more convincing when he called his
wife a cat than when he manfully tucked the fur
rug around Claire at St. Moritz and watched her
drive away from him down the valley. Miss
Bottome finally seeks the great modern resource.
Winn hailed the war with a feeling of complete
relief. Trouble of that sort was something to
live and to die for. After a last glorious charge
with his Sikhs he was found lying between the old
trench and the new. Baldly related, this plot
sadly forebodes sentimentalism. The treatment,
however, removes all reproach. It is a direct
and simple narrative, motivated by truthful char-


400
[November 16
THE DIAL
acter-drawing, exalted to the plane of justifiable,
because inevitable, tragedy. Essentially it is of
the stuff of mediaeval romance, made true by char-
acter, with modern ideals supplanting mediaeval
morals.
For "Olga Bardel" (Century, $1.35), the best
thing that can be said is that it, too, is "promis-
ing." It presents, in no very new light, the prob-
lem of a great genius struggling to be heard
against odds,— first the odds of helpless poverty,
next of exploitation, finally of an unfortunate
marriage. Mr. Stacy Aumonier shows in spots
a fine dramatic instinct, and there are many good
scenes incorporated in it. The characters are
fairly convincing, and never tedious. One feels
that the author had no right to make his heroine
quite so unfortunate,— one feels a little cheated
oneself after Fate has gone on tricking her for
thirty-five years or so. Has he any aesthetic right
to make her suffer so much? Matthew Arnold
asserted that there were certain situations, how-
ever accurate, from which no poetical enjoyment
could be derived—-"those in which the suffering
finds no vent in action . . in which there is
everything to be endured, nothing to be done."
Though much may be said in praise of Mr.
Aumonier's work, the quotation is all too ap-
plicable here. Like "The Green Alleys," more-
over, it leaves the impression of formlessness,—
or, rather, it leaves no particular impression. The
writer has not yet learned the art of stripping his
story of non-essentials. He is still imagist, reflect-
ing the part of life that he sees, not yet interpret-
ing it, nor seeing it clearly or whole.
Cap'n Gid, the hero of Elizabeth Lincoln Gould's
story of the same name (Penn, $1.), leaves his
native town for a boarding-house in the city, carry-
ing his neighborliness with him. By the end of the
third chapter one realizes that equal numbers of
male and female characters have been introduced,
and a premonition persuades one that they will
walk out the back end of the book in couples.
Outside this rhythmic procession lurk three horrid
and unwomanly suffragettes, who are justly pun-
ished for their temperaments by being left unpro-
vided with husbands. But none the less, the book
has a charming and friendly tone throughout.
Miss Persis Dale, in "Other People's Business,"
by Harriet Lummis Smith (Bobbs-Merrill, $1.25),
is a fine upstanding spinster who meddles in every-
body's concerns to their great advantage, supports
herself and her brother for a time by dressmak-
ing, and immediately adopts five children and
buys a motor-ear when she comes into money. The
only person in the book who achieves a bad end
is Miss Persis's girlhood lover, who after twenty
years' residence in the city comes back smoking
costly cigars and planning to deprive his neighbors
of their savings. Thus we learn that those who
go away to the city lose their simplicity of heart;
but be assured, good reader, that rustic shrewdness
and honesty will outwit urban treachery,— the
renegade will be hounded from the town, and Miss
Persis will bestow her hand, her fortune, and
her adopted family upon the misunderstood but
faithful store-keeper. She and her victims are
drawn with a firm and cheerful touch; and they
are not, on the whole, "unco' guid." The book is
decidedly pleasant reading.
How responsively Miss Theodosia's heartstrings
quiver and throb and vibrate to every wind of
sentiment! What a lovely and generous soul she
has;1 what a delightful exterior! What capability
in laundering and in nursing babies through the
measles, without the slightest previous experience!
How has she concealed these traits till the ripe age
of thirty-six, and imposed upon the world as a
fastidious, self-centred, exacting bachelor-maid?
How does it happen that in her village is hidden
away a young author of equally buoyant and
lovable disposition, which he has concealed with
no less success throughout some eight lustra? How
does any family so loyal, so amusing, so industrious
as the Flaggs happen to be so ill-provided with
this world's goods? The characters in this
"irresistible novel of happiness" have not the
defects of their qualities. They never commit
faults, though they may bravely undergo misfor-
tunes. It is really a very funny book. From a
random passage of twenty-three lines we extract
these characteristic words: "mystery," "precious,"
"sweet," "soft," "kiss," "empty," "guess,"
"delighted," "seldom," "little," "wonderful,"
"ecstasy." The scene is one in which Miss
Theodosia and the young man happen to be senti-
mentalizing over a baby's nightgown. ("Miss
Theodosia's Heartstrings," by Annie Hamilton
Donnell. Little, Brown, $1.)
Michael Lynch in "Bodbank" (Holt, $1.35)
remarks: "'Tis here, if he wishes to know his
country, the furriner will recover from the impres-
sion av America he may have got from Broadway."
Bodbank is an Illinois town on the banks of the
Mississippi; and of its removal topographically
and spiritually from the Great White Way, the
author leaves us in no doubt. It may be added
that we were not a little startled at meeting Mr.
Richard Washburn Child on the banks of the
Mississippi; we are more accustomed to finding
him on the banks of the Vistula. But there is no
doubt that he is equally at home here, in the back
room of the Phoenix Hotel, where the choice
spirits of the town (including the Judge's old fool
yellow dog) gather in winter around the Sturges
Blizzard King Heater, and in summer under the
flapping ceiling fan, while the bullfrogs over on
the Iowa shore are heard "glugging in the slews"
and mosquitoes buzz on every Bodbank front
piazza. The back room of the Phoenix produced
the stories which are told in this collection. Sev-
eral people have recently accused American fiction
of drawing its stimulus from Europe. "Bodbank"
is farther from Europe than it is from Broadway,
and it is recommended to those particular accusers
as an excellent product of pure Americanism.


1916]
401
THE DIAL
Briefs on New Books.
War and
the race.
It is the function of the Division
of Economics and History of the
Carnegie Endowment for Inter-
national Peace, under the direction of Pro-
fessor J. B. Clark, to promote a thorough and
scientific investigation of the causes and
results of war. The conference of statesmen,
economists, and publicists at Berne in 1911
drew up a plan and an extensive list of topics
for investigation. The first volume resulting
from these studies contains two reports upon
investigations carried on in furtherance of
this plan. The first, by Mr. Gaston Bodart,
deals with the "Losses of Life in Modern
Wars: Austro-Hungary, Prance." The
second, by Professor Vernon L. Kellogg, is a
preliminary report and discussion of "Mili-
tary Selection and Race Deterioration."
France has been the most warlike nation of
modern times. She has been at war nearly
one half of the time, or 148 years, in the
period from the 17th to the 19th centuries
inclusive. From 1792 to 1914 war has
deprived France of 3,000,000 men. Her losses
in officers have been high. In the Franco-
Prussian War they were nearly double those
of the Germans. War has had a large part
in producing the present stagnation and even
decrease in the French population. Austro-
Hungary has been at war 161 years in the
three centuries prior to 1900, but her losses
in men and officers have been relatively less
than those of the combatants in the Polish-
Russian War, the Crimean War, the American
War of Secession, the Franco-German War,
and the Russo-Japanese War. Only during
the Thirty Years' War was there an actual
depopulation of Austria. Her losses in officers
were not proportionately heavy. France lost
more officers in eleven years than Austria in
three hundred. In the second section of the
volume, Professor Kellogg marshals his facts
to expose the dysgenic effects of war in mili-
tary selection, which exposes the strongest and
sturdiest young men to destruction and for
the most part leaves the weaklings to per-
petuate the race. He cites statistics to prove
an actual measurable, physical deterioration
in stature in France due apparently to mil-
itary selection. The system of determining
military fitness results in the return of weak-
lings to the civil population and the with-
drawal of the physically fit therefrom and
their exposure to a higher rate of destruction
by disease in barracks and camp as well as by
the accidents of war. To these dysgenic
aspects of militarism the author adds the
appalling racial deterioration resulting from
venereal diseases, which, as statistics indicate,
tend to become abnormally prevalent among
regular soldiers as compared with new
recruits. The work is a candid and sane
discussion of both sides of this very impor-
tant aspect of militarism. (Oxford Univer-
sity Press, $2.)
The stage
as a career.
Mr. Arthur Hornblow's "Train-
ing for the Stage" (Lippincott,
$1.25) is an attractively written
book of short, informal essays on such topics
as "The Player To-day," "The Art of the
Actor," "The Stage as a Career for Women,"
"What an Actor Earns," "Some Don'ts,"
etc. Its author contrasts the average young
actor of to-day, who is frankly commercial,
complacently ignorant of the history and
traditions of the stage, and often disdainful
of "highbrow stuff," with the actors of
another and less commercial era and the
prodigious amount of study done by them —
"Henry Irving impersonated no fewer than
four hundred and twenty-eight characters
during his first three years on the stage."
He asserts that managers exploit the actor's
own individuality instead of insisting on his
"getting under the skin of the person he is
supposed to be impersonating and submerging
his identity completely in that of the assumed
character, which, after all, is the very essence
of the art of acting." He says that the art
of elocution is neglected, and that "inarticula-
tion is the besetting sin of the present-day
stage," and is of the opinion that "one or
two years' preliminary study in a good school
of acting is unquestionably the best and
quickest way to gain a foothold on the stage."
He blames the audience as well as the actor
and the manager, for "it is indeed a question
if the present generation of theatregoers
knows what good acting is." He writes inter-
estingly of stage conditions not generally
known — of actors' salaries, of the actor's
voice, of contracts, etc. He estimates that
"there are to-day in this country 40,000 per-
sons engaged in theatricals, 50 per cent at
least of whom are legitimate actors," and
that during 1915 no fewer than 10,000 applied
to the Actors' Fund for relief "on the plea
that the wolf was at the door and that they
needed immediate pecuniary assistance." It is
the purpose of "Training for the Stage" "to
discourage a few of the hundreds of well-
intentioned but misguided young people who,
having no talent for the stage . . rush
into a career for which they are manifestly
unfitted," and also to encourage real ability
and to "spur on to renewed effort those in


402
[November 16
THE DIAL
whom the call to the boards is irresistible."
Its author stands for the ideal, and has con-
tributed to the profession an honest, straight-
forward, readable book, if one that does not
go so deeply into the subject as many readers
will desire and expect. Mr. David Belasco,
whose portrait appears as the frontispiece,
writes a "Foreword," in which temperament
is insisted upon as "the first word, and the
last, in acting."
saints ugend, The student of literary history,
in English the lover of religious art, and
hterature. ^ student of folk.lore WM aH
profit by reading Professor Gordon Hall
Gerould's "Saints' Legends," the latest addi-
tion to Professor Neilson's "Types of English
Literature" series (Houghton Mifflin, $1.50).
Professor Gerould has given a succinct and
carefully documented account of the sub-
stance, style, origin, and author (where the
author is known), of every important legend
and group of legends produced in England
from St. Hilda's day to the Reformation, and
from the dawn of the Catholic revival in the
eighteenth century to the present, the whole
preceded by two introductory chapters on
the origin and character of saints' legends in
general. To cover so wide a field in less than
four hundred pages calls for extreme com-
pression and the almost complete avoidance
of illustration,— qualities that are not likely
to attract the general reader. Moreover, the
legends themselves, for the most part, have
little charm of style, though Professor
Gerould quite properly remarks of one of the
collections that it is not more contemptible
than much of the writing that modern taste
finds tolerable. But it is evident that few
of the writers had the skill to give adequate
expression to the poetry, the devoutness, and
the moral truth which are the notes of the
Christian mythology. It is no doubt for this
reason that Professor Gerould's treatment
lacks the "unction"—to use a dubious word
— which one looks for in a book on this sub-
ject, though his glowing praise of Chaucer's
St. Cecilia is proof that he does not at heart
belong to that school of critics whom he aptly
describes as "wiser in Chaucerian than in
saintly lore," "in textual criticism than in
humanity." The motto of such a book as this
might well be the superscription of the legend
of St. Christopher in the Thornton MS.: "To
the heryng or the redyng of the whilke storye
langes grete mede, and it be done with devo-
cione." The story is indeed a fascinating one.
The humanity of these tales, however ill
expressed, their childlike credulity, their
inarticulate mysticism, their kinship with
tales far more ancient — for example, the
resemblance of the legend of St. Julian the
Hospitaller to the story of Oedipus — these
are traits that cannot but appeal, in Lord
Morley's fine phrase, to "one who through
books explores the strange voyages of man's
moral reason." To these must be added their
essential truth, however slight their histor-
ical foundation. "A saint," says Count de
Maistre, "had a vision in which he saw Satan
standing before the throne of God. And
. . he heard the evil spirit say: 'Why
hast Thou damned me who have offended Thee
only once, while thousands of men who have
offended Thee many times Thou dost save?'
God answered him: 'Hast thou once asked
pardon?' There is the Christian mythology!
There is dramatic truth, which has its value
and its effect independently of the literal
truth, and which would even gain nothing
from it. What matters it whether the saint
heard or did not hear the sublime word that
I have quoted? The great thing is to know
that forgiveness is refused only to him who
has not asked it."
The tint great ^^° *s there among those who
English prose read at all who has not read
realist. "Robinson Crusoe"? And who
among readers generally knows anything
about the creator of that household classic
further than that his name was Defoe? Yet
Daniel Defoe was not only the most volumin-
ous English writer of his generation, but he
was also one of the most gifted. In quantity
and variety — perhaps even in quality of pro-
duction, he was apparently unrivalled, says
Professor William P. Trent, in his book
entitled "Defoe: How to Know Him" (Bobbs-
Merrill, $1.25). In more particular terms-
he says again: He was "rather the keenest
observer of his day, the most intelligent, alert,
and well paid of the prime minister's secret
agents, and the most accomplished journalist
England had produced,— perhaps the most
remarkable the world has ever seen." It is
the journalistic quality in Defoe's work that
Professor Trent first emphasizes. Had Defoe
not developed his extraordinary talent as a
journalist, he might never have become what
he certainly was,— the first great English
master in the field of realistic prose fiction.
No man of letters in our knowledge lias shown
a greater propensity to use his pen. He dis-
cussed practically every subject that made
its appeal to the intelligent interest of his
time, and he brought an independent and
fearless intelligence into its discussion. He


1916]
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THE DIAL
was obviously impelled by a vital purpose to
contribute honestly to the enlightenment and
progress of society, and in many of his arti-
cles he proves to have been in advance of his
age. He was an industrious pamphleteer, an
indefatigable writer of political papers, an
essayist on economic and sociological subjects,
a controversialist on religious questions, a
moralist, an historian, a writer of books of
travel, a student of the natural, the super-
natural, and the occult, a novelist, a ballad-
ist, and a satirist in verse. Like De Quincey,
he worked in many fields, and was remark-
able not only for the variety of his investiga-
tions but equally so for the breadth and
quality of his information, his sense of detail,
and his grasp on facts. Defoe's career as
a journalist and secret agent in the service
of both Whig and Tory governments is a
complicated and confusing story; in Profes-
sor Trent's pages it is made as clear, prob-
ably, as it can be. Of the moral effect of
Defoe's employment upon his own character,
and of the reaction upon his nature of the
misfortunes and injustice he encountered, his
biographer speaks frankly and without flat-
tery. In the later chapters, dealing with
Defoe's work as a novelist, we find an excel-
lent discussion of his place in the development
of English fiction. Dr. Trent is emphatic in
his recognition of Defoe's high service in the
field of realistic creative art. Incidentally he
notes that in 1720 the journalist formed a
connection with Applebee, a publisher who
specialized in the "confessions" of noted
criminals,— a fact which throws additional
light upon Defoe's familiarity with the pic-
turesque material utilized in his sketch of
Jack Sheppard and in the more important
narratives, "Moll Flanders," "Colonel Jack,"
and "Roxana." Another interesting point
made by this biographer is that the journalist
was released from his imprisonment some
months previous to the first issue of the
"Review"; and thus he disposes authorita-
tively of the old legend that this famous
little periodical was edited within prison
walls. Following the peculiar and admirable
plan of the series in which it appears, this
volume contains copious selections from the
author's various works; and these assist
greatly in the interpretative purpose of the
book. Defoe is not an easy man to know,—
a "human chameleon" the biographer once
denominates him; but a long and patient
following of his elusive personality has quali-
fied Professor Trent better, perhaps, than any
other to explain him to us.
b'nm ys of a
contented
woman.
In a late collection of essays
Mr. Edmund Gosse refers rather
contemptuously to the class of
literature within which his own book falls
as "those daisy-chains of commonplace reflec-
tions." But commonplaceness has its uses.
We do not always wish to be startled or
thrilled, shocked or entranced or enraptured;
and so the mild titillation of the gently humor-
ous, not too deeply reflective essay is often
just the sort of intellectual stimulus we need.
Harmless recreation of this kind is furnished
by Mrs. Lillian Hart Tryon in a round dozen
of bright and amusing pieces, not new to
print, but new in their present attractive
book-form. "Speaking of Home" is their col-
lective title, and they further announce them-
selves as the "essays of a contented woman."
Housekeeping is a fine art and not a coarse
drudgery in this writer's opinion, and though
she refrains from quoting George Herbert's
familiar quatrain, she evidently finds some-
thing of divinity in the daily round and com-
mon task of the housewife. She writes about
the passing of the parlor, the momentous busi-
ness of jelly-making, the homely comfort of
shabbiness, the pleasures of piazza conversa-
tion, ragbags and relics, on being a hostess,
on buying at the door, and so on, with ready
pen and a knack of hitting on the not too trite,
the not too commonplace. In fact, she achieves
originality in many of her observations, as
where she develops the seemingly unpromising
theme, "On Keeping House by Ear." Nor
does she shrink from challenging dispute, as
in her assertion that "every woman has a
horror of social debt." Surely, the easy-going
social debtor of the writer's sex is far from
being unknown. If Mrs. Tryon is as good a
housekeeper as she is a writer, hers is a fortu-
nate family. (Houghton Mifflin, $1.)
Doemt as ^^e vhiei points which Mr.
a German Edmond Holmes makes in his
characteristic. invective called « The Nemesis of
Docility: A Study of German Character"
(Dutton, $1.75) are, first, that docility, when
it is a national characteristic, may become a
destructive force of extreme violence; and,
secondly, that a docile majority implies a
dogmatic and domineering minority. Both
of these conditions the author finds exempli-
fied in present-day Germany. He believes,
no doubt correctly enough, that docility as a
German characteristic is not racial but is
rather a product of the age-long period of
the country's division and political impotence.
It should be noted that the author through-
out the book uses the word "docility" in a


406
[November 16
THE DIAL
LlPPINCOTT'S
Training Series
"For those who want
to find themselves"
The question, "What Bhall I do when I get
out of school or college f" is asked by every
young man and woman. It is a hard question
to answer, and one for which the correct reply
is a matter of tremendous import. The books
in the Lippincott's Training Series, by the
leaders in the different professions, will do
much to help the beginner on life's highway.
In a straight-forward manner the demand upon
character, the preparatory needs, the channels
of advancement, and the advantages and dis-
advantages of the different pursuits are pre-
sented in
Training for the
Newspaper Trade
By DON C. SEITZ, Business Manager of the
New York World
The celebrated author presents the rewards,
the appeals, the demands upon character and
the demands' upon education of this world-
acknowledged, fascinating profession. The
question "Am I fitted for newspaper workt"
is answered.
Training for the Stage
By ARTHUR HOBNBLOW, Editor of the
Theatre Magazine
Foreword by David Belasco
To the stage many are called but few are
chosen. Mr. Hornblow has drawn on his great
experience to present to young men and
women the best methods of training for the
stage, the requirements of the individual who
aspires to success, and the delights and illu-
sions of stage life.
Training of a Forester
By GIFFOBD PINCHOT
Second Edition, Enlarged
If you want an out-of-door profession, and
are not fitted for the life of a farmer, or lack
capital for it, why not forestry! This excel-
lent little book describes the work, the needs,
and the methods of training.
There are in preparation: "Training for
the Street Railway Business," by C. B.
Fairchild, "Training and Rewards of a
Doctor," by Dr. R. C. Cabot, and "Training
and Rewards of a Lawyer," by Dean Har-
lan Stone, of the Columbia Law School. These
books should be in every school and college
library. Put them in the hands of your young
friends—they will thank you.
Each, thoroughly illustrated, decorated cloth,
net, $1JS5
AT ALL BOOK STORES
J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO.
PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA
opment of our native drama from its beginning
to the present day. Twenty-five plays have been
selected as representative, including works of
John Howard Payne, Percy MacKaye, Augustus
Thomas, William Vaughn Moody, Bronson How-
ard, and Edward Sheldon.
A magazine of the new era that sundry watch-
men of the night proclaim to be dawning upon the
Western World begins its existence this month
under the name of "The Seven Arts." The mystic
seven is certainly a number to conjure with, even
though the arts in question be not definitely
specified; and the purpose of the new enterprise
to be "not a magazine for artists, but an expres-
sion of artists for the community" will win the
general reader's approval. The magazine "will
publish stories, short plays, poems, essays, and
brief editorials. Such arts as cannot be directly
set forth in a magazine will receive expression
through critical writing, which, it is hoped, will be
no less creative than the fiction and poetry."
Among the contributors to the initial number
appear these names: Romain Rolland, Louise
Driscoll, Kahlil Gibran, Amy Lowell, Robert
Frost, Allen Upward, James Oppenheim, Waldo
Frank, and others not unknown to fame. Mr.
Oppenheim is the editor, Mr. Frank the associate
editor, and there is a capable advisory board —
all filled with the faith "that we are living in the
first days of a renascent period, a time which
means for America the coming of that national
self-consciousness which is the beginning of great-
ness." The home of "The Seven Arts'7 is at 132
Madison Avenue, New York.
A forum for writers of all races, complexions,
religions, and conditions, with Mr. William Stanley
Braithwaite as its presiding genius, assisted by
Mr. Henry T. Schnittkind, enters this season upon
what promises to be a beneficent existence. "The
Stratford Journal," named, as it announces, "in
honour of that Stratford bard whose spirit was
the very perfection of cosmopolitanism," and sub-
titled "A Forum of Contemporary International
Thought," is issued by the Stratford Company, 32
Oliver Street, Boston. Its plan is to give in each
quarterly number translations of several foreign
masterpieces in fiction, examples of the best con-
temporary foreign and American poetry, short
plays, especially one-act pieces, and essays; and
thus, "so far as we can," is the editorial announce-
ment, "we will endeavor by means of the printed
page to bring together the white man and the
black man, the Caucasian and the Mongolian,
showing to ourselves and to everybody else that
God has made us all His children, that in our
moments of inspiration we all, regardless of race,
creed or locality, recognize the one great truth
that the world is small and its inhabitants so
puny, that all we need is the handclasp of one
another to help us and the smile of one another
to cheer us on." Eclectic magazines of this sort
have started (and stopped) times without number;
but it may be reserved for "The Stratford
Journal" to succeed where others have failed.
Its opening number has some very good things by
some very good writers.


1916]
407
THE DIAL
THE DIAL
3 JFortntQftl; Journal of Literary ffiriticiwn,
Discussion, ant Information
Published by
THE DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago
Telephone Harrison 3293
Mabttn Johnson W. C. Kitohxl
President Seo'y-Treat.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F.
Browne) is published fortnightly — every other
Thursday — except in July and August, when but one
issue for each month will appear.
TEEMS OF SUBSCBIPTION.— $t. a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and its
possessions, Canada, and Mexico. Foreign postage,
SO cents a year extra. Price of single copies, 10 cents.
CHANGE OF ADDBES8:—Subscribers may have
their mailing address changed as often as desired.
In ordering such changes, it is necessary that both
the old and new addresses be given.
SUBSCBIPTIONS are discontinued at the expira-
tion of term paid for unless specifically renewed.
BEMITTANCES should be made payable to THE
DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, and should be in
the form of Express or Money Order, or in New
York or Chicago exchange. When remitting by per-
sonal check, 10 cents should be added for cost of
collection.
ADVERTISING BATES sent on application.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1891, at the
Post Office at Chicago, under Act of March 8, 1879.
List of New Books.
[The following list, containing 149 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.}
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Lettera of Richard Wataon Glider. Edited by his
daughter, Rosamund Gilder. Illustrated In
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 514 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50.
O. Henry Biography. By C. Alphonso-Smith. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 258 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $2.60.
The Long Road of Woman'a Memory. By Jane
Addams. 12mo, 168 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.25.
Booker T. Waahlngtom Builder of a Civilization.
By Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 330 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $2.
Soldier and Dramatlati Being the Letters of Harold
Chapln, American citizen who died for England
at Loos, September 26, 1915. With portraits,
12mo, 288 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25.
The Life and Letter., of Sir John Hennlker Heaton,
Bt. By his daughter, Mrs. Adrian Porter. Illus-
trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 295 pages.
John Lane Co. $3.
Omnlanai The Autobiography of an Irish Octo-
genarian. By J. F. Fuller. With portraits,
8vo, 310 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
Lettera from My Home In Indlat Being the Cor-
respondence of Mrs. George Churchill (1871-
1916). Edited and arranged by Grace McLeod
Rogers. Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages. George
H. Doran Co. $1.35.
Andrew Johnaon: Military Governor of Tennessee.
By Clifton R. Hall, Ph.D. 8vo, 234 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.50.
HISTORY.
JefTeraonlan Democracy In New England. By
William A. Robinson, Ph.D. 8vo, 190 pages.
Yale University Press. $2.

WILLIAM
McFEE
Author of a novel that has caused
more favorable comment than
any other book published this fall.
CASUALS OF
THE SEA
Some Press Comments:
There is a reality about it all Mr. McFee's
characters live, move, and have being. They
are not mere puppets. The story is, indeed, a
slice of life and the author is to be reckoned
with. It would seem that he is destined to
become a real force in English fiction.—Son
Francisco Bulletin.
An unusual and an arresting book. He unques-
tionably belongs to that small company made up of
writers who command respect.—The New York Times.
A reading of only the first few pages of
"Casuals of the Sea" is essential to a realisa-
tion of the fact that we have in it a novel
worth careful contemplation and a novelist of
an assured future.—Boston Evening Tran-
script.
"Casuals of the Sea" is sure to be one of the year's
biggest books. It is a genuinely truthful book in
every scene, every motion, every slightest experience*
ashore and on sea, which it describes.—New York
Evening Sun.
"Casuals of the Sea" is a remarkable book,
and William McFee having gone to school to
many good masters, has trained and fully
equipped a talent which is his own and which
promises to win him a place in the long suc-
cession of English fiction.—New York Trib-
une.
What I relish most is the general tone of the thing.
Mr. McFee is just as interesting to me when he writes
about advertising as when he writes of the sea,—
perhaps more. It is his quality that is really the
thing.—The Dial,
One of the most interesting books I have
ever read. There is revealed in the telling of
this story a quality of mind which is so new
in literature that there are no terms as yet
invented by which to describe it. It is at the
farthest remove from the sentimentalism of
the Victorian period; but it is just as English
—an English coolness a complete iroperturb-
ableness in the face of life. Certainly this
book is one of the events of the literary year.
—The Masses.
The author of "Casuals of the Sea" has experience,
vision, personality, and perspective. He has known
life at first hand; has digested his knowledge in
solitude (he is a ship's engineer); and his book is
more than a good story, it is a sharing with us of
the hoarded comprehensions of a lifetime- J. B.
Kerfoot.
For sale at all booh stores, net $1.50
Garden City DoilbledaV, Patfe & CO. New York


404
[November 16
THE DIAL
disparaging sense, defining it as "readiness
to obey for the sake of obeying, avidity for
commands and instructions, reluctance to
accept responsibility or exercise initiative,
inability to react against the pressure of auto-
cratic authority." But ".docility" may also
connote a teachable and law-abiding disposi-
tion, in which case it becomes a term of at
least partial commendation. Mr. Holmes, by
following the one line of meaning and neglect-
ing the other, has drawn a rather distorted
picture. A Germany docile only in the bad
sense, such as he delineates it, would have
been able neither to pursue the arts of peace
with such conspicuous success nor to make
her present stubborn stand in war.
It is in a kindly mood that Miss
£*tZ£t Margaret Fuller writes the story
of the boyhood of Edmund
Clarence Stedman under the title, "A New
England Childhood" (Little, Brown, $1.50).
Miss Fuller's family were neighbors and
friends of the Stedmans at Norwich Town,
and she herself attracted the attention
and won the praise of the poet-critic by her
early verses—though of this latter fact she
modestly says nothing in her book. With such
opportunities for first-hand information, she
has been able to give on the authority of
family tradition many anecdotes of Edmund
Stedman'8 early years. The strict student
may regret that some of these have evidently
been embellished with imaginary detail; but
the book is written for the general reader,
and it succeeds in giving a more vivid and
more interesting picture than is to be gained
from the bulky "Life and Letters." The
future poet appears as no prodigy, but as a
very natural, original, lovable boy. It may
be from a sense of loyalty and a disinclination
to gossip that Miss Fuller is less satisfactory
in her portrayal of the mother, who seems
almost to have abandoned her gifted son with-
out perceptible regret.
A doctor of
divinity's
human side.
Of the late William Newton
Clarke, D.D., his biographer,
Mrs. Clarke, says in recalling
his personal characteristics: "His innate vein
of drollery found vent in various small ways.
At one time he liked to make 'Angular
Saxons,' following out an idea found in the
life of Charles Kingsley. He could not draw
a picture of anything, but as he sat, pen in
hand, at his table, he would rapidly sketch
a series of laughable little impish figures m
the most expressive attitudes." To readers
of to-day Dr. Clarke is best known for his
"Outline of Christian Theology"—not so for-
biddingly doctrinal in tone as its title might
indicate — and his "Sixty Years with the
Bible." These and others of his books, the
fruit of a rich personal experience in the
things of religion, engage even the random
reader's attention to a remarkable degree. In
pulpit and parish, as well as later in a theo-
logical professorship, the writer worked out
in his own life and thought the great funda-
mental truths that find such impressive utter-
ance in his lectures and books. Born of old
New England ancestry and in the Puritan
traditions, he was reared and educated at
Cazenovia and Hamilton, N. Y., and preached
at Keene, N. H., Newton Centre, Mass.,
Montreal, and finally at Hamilton. Colgate
University, which, when he studied there as
a youth, had been Madison University,
secured his services in his closing years as
professor of theology. He died in January,
1912, in his seventy-first year. His biog-
raphy, entitled simply "William Newton
Clarke" (Scribner, $2.), bears no author's
name, but shows itself to be from his wife's ,
pen, with contributed sketches and recollec-
tions by a number of friends and associates.
It is pleasingly and sympathetically written,
and is cordially to be commended to lovers of
lives outwardly uneventful but inwardly
rich. It has a late portrait of Dr. Clarke, a
picture of Cazenovia Seminary in 1846, and
a too-meagre index.
Notes and News.
The announcements of Mr. Laurence J. Gomme
include "Verses," by Hilaire Belloc; "Ballads,"
by Clinton Scollard; and "The Anthology of
Magazine Verse, 1916, and Year Book of Ameri-
can Poetry."
"Stevenson, How to Know Him," by Richard
Ashley Rice, Professor of English Literature at
Smith College, which is announced for early pub-
lication by the Bobbs-Merrill Co., is the latest
addition to the series of appreciations of great
authors.
In his new volume "Further Foolishness," soon
to be published by the John Lane Co., Mr.
Stephen Leacock will discuss "Germany from
Within Out," "In Merry Mexico," "Madeline of
the Movies; or, Saving a Sinking Soul from
Suffocation.
Rabindranath Tagore's latest book "Stray Birds,"
to be published late in November by the Macmillan
Co., is a volume of selected aphorisms embodying
the essence of the Indian poet's philosophy. Mr.
Willy Pogany has supplied a frontispiece in colors
and the decorative borders.
Mr. Henry M. Rideout's forthcoming novel
"The Far Cry," to be published by Messrs.


1916]
405
THE DIAL
Duffield & Co. is a story of adventure in the South
Sea Islands, which form the setting for so much
of this writer's work.
Simultaneously with the announcement of the
founding of the Rodin Museum in Paris comes
the announcement by Messrs. Small, Maynard &
Co., of their popular priced edition of Rodin's
''Art," which should widen the circle of this
famous sculptor's admirers in America.
Mr. Edward Howard Griggs's new course of lec-
tures this year embraces "Maeterlinck: Poet and
Mystic," and Mr. B. W. Huebsch has just
issued a handbook containing a summary of
these lectures, illustrative extracts, a bibliography,
and suggestive questions of aid to the student and
reader.
William Archer has contributed an Introduction
to the volume of poems by Alan Seger, announced
by Scribner's, expressing his appreciation of
America's contribution to the war as it has affected
men of letters. Mr. Seger, a friend of Mr. Archer,
was a young Harvard graduate who lost his life
in the recent drive of the Allies.
"The Hope of the Great Community," which
the Macmillan Co. is about to issue, is a volume of
essays which Dr. Josiah Royce completed shortly
before his death in September. Among the sub-
jects discussed are "The Duties of Americans in
the Present War," "The Destruction of the
Lusitania," and "The Possibilities of International
Insurance."
A commemorative edition of the selected works
of Paul Verlaine is announced for immediate pub-
lication by Mr. Ralph Fletcher Seymour. "Paul
Verlaine, His Absinthe-Tinted Song," is its title,
and, as explained in its sub-title, it is "a mono-
graph on the poet, with selections from his work,
arranged and translated from the French by
Bergen Applegate."
A new edition of a collection of poems by Miss
Amy Lowell, entitled "A Dome of Many-Coloured
Glass," is in preparation by the Macmillan Co.
In his "The War in Italy," which Messrs.
Longmans, Green have in preparation, Mr. Sidney
Low describes his recent visit to that country at
the invitation of the Italian general staff. The
volume will be copiously illustrated with photo-
graphs especially taken for the Italian military
authorities.
A permanent American memorial to Robert
Louis Stevenson has been established at Saranac
Lake, N. Y. Recently the Stevenson Cottage,
where Stevenson lived during the winter of
1887-8, while under the care of Dr. Trudeau,
was opened to the public. It was here that he wrote
"The Master of Ballantrae." A fine collection
of Stevensoniana has been gathered together in
the memorial rooms of the cottage, picturesquely
called by Stevenson "a hat-box on a hill."
Among the forthcoming publications of the
Century Co. is a volume entitled "Representative
American Plays," edited by Dean Arthur Hobson
Quinn of the University of Pennsylvania. It is
said to be the first attempt to include in one
volume a collection of plays illustrating the devel-

"I visited with a natural rapture the
largest bookstore in the world."
See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, "Your
United States," by Arnold Bennett
It is recognized throughout the country
that we earned this reputation because we
have on hand at all times a more complete
assortment of the books of all publishers than
can be found on the shelves of any other book-
dealer in the entire United States. It is of
interest and importance to all bookbuyers to
know that the books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be procured from us with
the least possible delay. We invite you to
visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your-
self of the opportunity of looking over the
books in which you are most interested, or to
call upon us at any time to look after your
book wants.
Special Library Service
We conduct a department devoted entirely
to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities. Our Library De-
partment has made a careful study of library
requirements, and is equipped to handle all
library orders with accuracy, efficiency and
despatch. This department's long experience
in this special branch of the book business,
combined with our unsurpassed book stock,
enable us to offer a library service not excelled
elsewhere. We solicit correspondence from
Librarians unacquainted with our facilities.
A. C. McCLURG & CO.
Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash Avenue
Library Department and Wholesale Offices:
330 to 352 East Ohio Street
Chicago


406
[November 16
THE DIAL
LlPPINCOTT'S
Training Series
"For those who want
to find themselves"
The question, "What shall I do when I get
out of school or college f" is asked by every
young man and woman. It is a hard question
to answer, and one for which the correct reply
is a matter of tremendous import. The books
in the Lippincott's Training Series, by the
leaders in the different professions, will do
much to help the beginner on life's highway.
In a straight-forward manner the demand upon
character, the preparatory needs, the channels
of advancement, and the advantages and dis-
advantages of the different pursuits are pre-
sented in
Training for the
Newspaper Trade
By DON C. SEITZ, Business Manager of the
New York World
The celebrated author presents the rewards,
the appeals, the demands upon character and
the demands upon education of this world-
acknowledged, fascinating profession. The
question "Am I fitted for newspaper workt"
is answered.
Training for the Stage
By ARTHUR HORNBLOW, Editor of the
Theatre Magazine
Foreword by David Belasco
To the stage many are called but few are
chosen. Mr. Hornblow has drawn on his great
experience to present to young men and
women the best methods of training for the
stage, the requirements of the individual who
aspires to success, and the delights and illu-
sions of stage life.
Training of a Forester
By GIFFORD PINCHOT
Second Edition, Enlarged
If you want an out-of-door profession, and
are not fitted for the life of a farmer, or lack
capital for it, why not forestry t This excel-
lent little book describes the work, the needs,
and the methods of training.
There are in preparation: "Training for
the Street Railway Business," by C. B.
Fairchild, "Training and Rewards of a
Doctor," by Dr. R. C. Cabot, and "Training
and Rewards of a Lawyer," by Dean Har-
lan Stone, of the Columbia Law School. These
books should be in every school and college
library. Put them in the hands of your young
friends—they will thank you.
Each, thoroughly illustrated, decorated cloth,
net, $1J15
AT ALL BOOK STORES
J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO.
PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA
opment of our native drama from its beginning
to the present day. Twenty-five plays have been
selected as representative, including works of
John Howard Payne, Percy MacKaye, Augustus
Thomas, William Vaughn Moody, Bronson How-
ard, and Edward Sheldon.
A magazine of the new era that sundry watch-
men of the night proclaim to be dawning upon the
Western World begins its existence this month
under the name of "The Seven Arts." The mystic
seven is certainly a number to conjure with, even
though the arts in question be not definitely
specified; and the purpose of the new enterprise
to be "not a magazine for artists, but an expres-
sion of artists for the community" will win the
general reader's approval. The magazine "will
publish stories, short plays, poems, essays, and
brief editorials. Such arts as cannot be directly
set forth in a magazine will receive expression
through critical writing, which, it is hoped, will be
no less creative than the fiction and poetry."
Among the contributors to the initial number
appear these names: Romain Rolland, Louise
Driscoll, Kahlil Gibran, Amy Lowell, Robert
Frost, Allen Upward, James Oppenheim, Waldo
Frank, and others not unknown to fame. Mr.
Oppenheim is the editor, Mr. Frank the associate
editor, and there is a capable advisory board —
all filled with the faith "that we are living in the
first days of a renascent period, a time which
means for America the coming of that national
self-consciousness which is the beginning of great-
ness." The home of "The Seven Arts'7 is at 132
Madison Avenue, New York.
A forum for writers of all races, complexions,
religions, and conditions, with Mr. William Stanley
Braithwaite as its presiding genius, assisted by
Mr. Henry T. Schnittkind, enters this season upon
what promises to be a beneficent existence. "The
Stratford Journal," named, as it announces, "in
honour of that Stratford bard whose spirit was
the very perfection of cosmopolitanism," and sub-
titled "A Forum of Contemporary International
Thought," is issued by the Stratford Company, 32
Oliver Street, Boston. Its plan is to give in each
quarterly number translations of several foreign
masterpieces in fiction, examples of the best con-
temporary foreign and American poetry, short
plays, especially one-act pieces, and essays; and
thus, "so far as we can," is the editorial announce-
ment, "we will endeavor by means of the printed
page to bring together the white man and the
black man, the Caucasian and the Mongolian,
showing to ourselves and to everybody else that
God has made us all His children, that in our
moments of inspiration we all, regardless of race,
creed or locality, recognize the one great truth
that the world is small and its inhabitants so
puny, that all we need is the handclasp of one
another to help us and the smile of one another
to cheer us on." Eclectic magazines of this sort
have started (and stopped) times without number;
but it may be reserved for "The Stratford
Journal" to succeed where others have failed.
Its opening number has some very good things by
some very good writers.


1916]
407
THE DIAL
THE DIAL
3 JFortnicbtlp Journal of Cittrar? Criticism,
DiucuBsion, ano Information
Published by
THE DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago
Telephone Harrison 3293
Martyn Johnson W. C. Kitchkl
President Seo'y-Treas.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F.
Browne) is published fortnightly — every other
Thursday — except in July and August, when but one
issue for each month will appear.
TEEMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:—$t. a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and its
possessions, Canada, and Mexico. Foreign postage,
SO cents a year extra. Price of single copies, 10 cents.
CHANGE OF ADDBESS:—Subscribers may have
their mailing address changed as often as desired.
In ordering such changes, it is necessary that both
the old and new addresses be given.
SUBSCRIPTIONS are discontinued at the expira-
tion of term paid for unless specifically renewed.
BEMITTANCES should be made payable to THE
DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, and should be in
the form of Express or Money Order, or in New
Yorlc or Chicago exchange. When remitting by per-
sonal check, 10 cents should be added for cost of
collection.
ADVERTISING RATES sent on application.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1891, at the
Post Office at Chicago, under Act of March 8, 1879.
List of New Books.

[The following list, containing 149 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.}
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Let«en of Richard Watson Gilder. Edited by his
daughter, Rosamund Gilder. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 514 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50.
O. Henry Biography. By C. Alphonso-Smith. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 258 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $2.50.
The Long Road of Woman'i Memory. By Jane
Addams. 12mo, 168 pages. Macmtllan Co. $1.25.
Booker T. Washingtoni Builder of a Civilization.
By Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 330 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $2.
Soldier and Dramatlsti Being the Letters of Harold
Chapin, American citizen who died for England
at Loos, September 26, 1915. With portraits,
12mo, 288 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25.
The Life and Letters of Sir John Hennlker Heaton,
Bt. By his daughter, Mrs. Adrian Porter. Illus-
trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 295 pages.
John Lane Co. $3.
Omnlanat The Autobiography of an Irish Octo-
genarian. By J. F. Fuller. With portraits,
8vo, 310 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
Letters from My Home in India: Being the Cor-
respondence of Mrs. George Churchill (1871-
1916). Edited and arranged by Grace McLeod
Rogers. Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages. George
H. Doran Co. $1.35.
Andrew Johnsoni Military Governor of Tennessee.
By Clifton R. Hall, Ph.D. 8vo, 234 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.50.
HISTORY.
JerTersonlan Democracy in New England. By
William A. Robinson, Ph.D. 8vo, 190 pages.
Yale University Press. $2.
WILLIAM
McFEE
Author of a novel that has caused
more favorable comment than
any other book published this fall.
CASUALS OF
THE SEA
Some Press Comments:
There is a reality about it all Mr. McFee's
characters live, move, and have being. They
are not mere puppets. The story is, indeed, a
slice of life and the author is to be reckoned
with. It would seem that he is destined to
become a real force in English Action.—Son
Francisco Bulletin.
_ An unusual and an arresting book. He unques-
tionably belongs to that small company made up of
writers who command respect.—The New York Times.
A reading of only the first few pages of
"Casuals of the Sea" is essential to a realiza-
tion of the fact that we have in it a novel
worth careful contemplation and a novelist of
an assured future.—Boston Evening Tran-
script.
"Casuals of the Sea" is sure to be one of the year's
biggest books. It is a genuinely truthful book In
every scene, every motion, every slightest experience,
ashore and on sea, which it describes.—New York
Evening Sun.
"Casuals of the Sea" is a remarkable book,
and William McFee having gone to school to
many good masters, has trained and fully
equipped a talent which is his own and which
promises to win him a place in the long suc-
cession of English fiction.—New York Trib-
une.
What I relish most is the general tone of the thing.
Mr. McFee is just as interesting to me when he writes
about advertising as when he writes of the sea,—
perhaps more. It is his quality that is really the
thing.—The Dial.
One of the most interesting books I have
ever read. There is revealed in the telling of
this story a quality of mind which is so new
in literature that there are no terms as yet
invented by which to describe it. It is at the
farthest remove from the Bentimentalism of
the Victorian period; but it is just as English
—an English coolness a complete imperturb-
ableness in the face of life. Certainly this
book is one of the events of the literary year.
■—The Masses.
The author of "Casuals of the Sea" has experience,
vision, personality, and perspective. He has known
life at first hand; has digested his knowledge in
solitude (he is a ship's engineer); and his book is
more than a good story, it is a sharing with us of
the hoarded comprehensions of a lifetime.—J. B.
Kerfoot.
For sals at all book storms, net $1.50
Garden City Doubleday, Pafe & GO. New York


404
[November 16
THE DIAL
disparaging sense, defining it as “readiness
to obey for the sake of obeying, avidity for
commands and instructions, reluctance to
accept responsibility or exercise initiative,
inability to react against the pressure of auto-
cratic authority.” But “docility” may also
connote a teachable and law-abiding disposi-
tion, in which case it becomes a term of at
least partial commendation. Mr. Holmes, by
following the one line of meaning and neglect-
ing the other, has drawn a rather distorted
picture. A Germany docile only in the bad
sense, such as he delineates it, would have
been able neither to pursue the arts of peace
with such conspicuous success nor to make
her present stubborn stand in war.
It is in a kindly mood that Miss
Margaret Fuller writes the story
of the boyhood of Edmund
Clarence Stedman under the title, “A New
England Childhood” (Little, Brown, $1.50).
Miss Fuller's family were neighbors and
friends of the Stedmans at Norwich Town,
and she herself attracted the attention
and won the praise of the poet-critic by her
early verses—though of this latter fact she
modestly says nothing in her book. With such
opportunities for first-hand information, she
has been able to give on the authority of
family tradition many anecdotes of Edmund
Stedman's early years. The strict student
may regret that some of these have evidently
been embellished with imaginary detail; but
the book is written for the general reader,
and it succeeds in giving a more vivid and
more interesting picture than is to be gained
from the bulky “Life and Letters.” The
future poet appears as no prodigy, but as a
very natural, original, lovable boy. It may
be from a sense of loyalty and a disinclination
to gossip that Miss Fuller is less satisfactory
in her portrayal of the mother, who seems
almost to have abandoned her gifted son with-
out perceptible regret.
An American
poet’s boyhood.
Of the late William Newton
Clarke, D.D., his biographer,
Mrs. Clarke, says in recalling
his personal characteristics: “His innate vein
of drollery found vent in various small ways.
At one time he liked to make ‘Angular
Saxons,’ following out an idea found in the
life of Charles Kingsley. He could not draw
a picture of anything, but as he sat, pen in
hand, at his table, he would rapidly sketch
a series of laughable little impish figures in
the most expressive attitudes.” To readers
of to-day Dr. Clarke is best known for his
A doctor of
divinity’s
human side.
“Outline of Christian Theology”—not so for-
biddingly doctrinal in tone as its title might
indicate — and his “Sixty Years with the
Bible.” These and others of his books, the
fruit of a rich personal experience in the
things of religion, engage even the random
reader's attention to a remarkable degree. In
pulpit and parish, as well as later in a theo-
logical professorship, the writer worked out
in his own life and thought the great funda-
mental truths that find such impressive utter-
ance in his lectures and books. Born of old
New England ancestry and in the Puritan
traditions, he was reared and educated at
Cazenovia and Hamilton, N. Y., and preached
at Keene, N. H., Newton Centre, Mass.,
Montreal, and finally at Hamilton. Colgate
University, which, when he studied there as
a youth, had been Madison University,
secured his services in his closing years as
professor of theology. He died in January,
1912, in his seventy-first year. His biog-
raphy, entitled simply “William Newton
Clarke” (Scribner, $2.), bears no author's
name, but shows itself to be from his wife's
pen, with contributed sketches and recollec-
tions by a number of friends and associates.
It is pleasingly and sympathetically written,
and is cordially to be commended to lovers of
lives outwardly uneventful but inwardly
rich. It has a late portrait of Dr. Clarke, a
picture of Cazenovia Seminary in 1846, and
a too-meagre index.
NOTES AND NEWS.
The announcements of Mr. Laurence J. Gomme
include “Verses,” by Hilaire Belloc; “Ballads,”
by Clinton Scollard; and “The Anthology of
Magazine Verse, 1916, and Year Book of Ameri-
can Poetry.”
“Stevenson, How to Know Him,” by Richard
Ashley Rice, Professor of English Literature at
Smith College, which is announced for early pub-
lication by the Bobbs-Merrill Co., is the latest
addition to the series of appreciations of great
authors.
In his new volume “Further Foolishness,” soon
to be published by the John Lane Co., Mr.
Stephen Leacock will discuss “Germany from
Within Out,” “In Merry Mexico,” “Madeline of
the Movies; or, Saving a Sinking Soul from
Suffocation.”
Rabindranath Tagore's latest book “Stray Birds,"
to be published late in November by the Macmillan
Co., is a volume of selected aphorisms embodying
the essence of the Indian poet's philosophy. Mr.
Willy Pogany has supplied a frontispiece in colors
and the decorative borders.
Mr. Henry M. Rideout's forthcoming novel
“The Far Cry," to be published by Messrs.


1916]
405
THE DIAL
Duffield & Co. is a story of adventure in the South
Sea Islands, which form the setting for so much
of this writer's work.
Simultaneously with the announcement of the
founding of the Rodin Museum in Paris comes
the announcement by Messrs. Small, Maynard &
Co., of their popular priced edition of Rodin's
''Art," which should widen the circle of this
famous sculptor's admirers in America.
Mr. Edward Howard Griggs's new course of lec-
tures this year embraces "Maeterlinck: Poet and
Mystic," and Mr. B. W. Huebsch has just
issued a handbook containing a summary of
these lectures, illustrative extracts, a bibliography,
and suggestive questions of aid to the student and
reader.
William Archer has contributed an Introduction
to the volume of poems by Alan Seger, announced
by Scribner's, expressing his appreciation of
America's contribution to the war as it has affected
men of letters. Mr. Seger, a friend of Mr. Archer,
was a young Harvard graduate who lost his life
in the recent drive of the Allies.
"The Hope of the Great Community," which
the Macmillan Co. is about to issue, is a volume of
essays which Dr. Josiah Royce completed shortly
before his death in September. Among the sub-
jects discussed are "The Duties of Americans in
the Present War," "The Destruction of the
Lusitania," and "The Possibilities of International
Insurance."
A commemorative edition of the selected works
of Paul Verlaine is announced for immediate pub-
lication by Mr. Ralph Fletcher Seymour. "Paul
Verlaine, His Absinthe-Tinted Song," is its title,
and, as explained in its sub-title, it is "a mono-
graph on the poet, with selections from his work,
arranged and translated from the French by
Bergen Applegate."
A new edition of a collection of poems by Miss
Amy Lowell, entitled "A Dome of Many-Coloured
Glass," is in preparation by the Macmillan Co.
In his "The War in Italy," which Messrs.
Longmans, Green have in preparation, Mr. Sidney
Low describes his recent visit to that country at
the invitation of the Italian general staff. The
volume will be copiously illustrated with photo-
graphs especially taken for the Italian military
authorities.
A permanent American memorial to Robert
Louis Stevenson has been established at Saranac
Lake, N. Y. Recently the Stevenson Cottage,
where Stevenson lived during the winter of
1887-8, while under the care of Dr. Trudeau,
was opened to the public. It was here that he wrote
"The Master of Ballantrae." A fine collection
of Stevensoniana has been gathered together in
the memorial rooms of the cottage, picturesquely
called by Stevenson "a hat-box on a hill."
Among the forthcoming publications of the
Century Co. is a volume entitled "Representative
American Plays," edited by Dean Arthur Hobson
Quinn of the University of Pennsylvania. It is
said to be the first attempt to include in one
volume a collection of plays illustrating the devel-

"I visited with a natural rapture the
largest bookstore in the world."
See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, "Your
United States," by Arnold Bennett
It is recognized throughout the country
that we earned this reputation because we
have on hand at all times a more complete
assortment of the books of all publishers than
can be found on the shelves of any other book-
dealer in the entire United States. It is of
interest and importance to all bookbuyers to
know that the books reviewed and advertised
in this magazine can be procured from us with
the least possible delay. We invite you to
visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your-
self of the opportunity of looking over the
books in which you are most interested, or to
call upon us at any time to look after your
book wants.
Special Library Service
We conduct a department devoted entirely
to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools,
Colleges and Universities. Our Library De-
partment has made a careful study of library
requirements, and is equipped to handle all
library orders with accuracy, efficiency and
despatch. This department's long experience
in this special branch of the book business,
combined with our unsurpassed book stock,
enable us to offer a library service not excelled
elsewhere. "We solicit correspondence from
Librarians unacquainted with our facilities.
A. C. McCLURG & CO.
Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash Avenue
Library Department and Wholesale Offices:
330 to 352 East Ohio Street
Chicago


406
[November 16
THE DIAL
LlPPINCOTT'S
Training Series
"For those who want
to find themselves"
The question, "What shall I do when I get
out of school or college f" is asked by every
young man and woman. It is a hard question
to answer, and one for which the correct reply
is a matter of tremendous import. The books
in the Lippincott's Training Series, by the
leaders in the different professions, will do
much to help the beginner on life's highway.
In a straight-forward manner the demand upon
character, the preparatory needs, the channels
of advancement, and the advantages and dis-
advantages of the different pursuits are pre-
sented in
Training for the
Newspaper Trade
By DON C. 8EITZ, Business Manager of the
New York World
The celebrated author presents the rewards,
the appeals, the demands upon character and
the demands upon education of this world-
acknowledged, fascinating profession. The
question "Am I fitted for newspaper workf"
is answered.
Training for the Stage
By ARTHUR HORNBLOW, Editor of the
Theatre Magazine
Foreword by David Belasco
To the stage many are called but few are
chosen. Mr. Hornblow has drawn on his great
experience to present to young men and
women the best methods of training for the
stage, the requirements of the individual who
aspires to success, and the delights and illu-
sions of stage life.
Training of a Forester
By GIFFOKD PINCHOT
Second Edition, Enlarged
If you want an out-of-door profession, and
are not fitted for the life of a farmer, or lack
capital for it, why not forestry! This excel-
lent little book describes the work, the needs,
and the methods of training.
There are in preparation: "Training for
the Street Railway Business," by C. B.
Fairchild, "Training and Rewards or A
Doctor," by Dr. R. C. Cabot, and "Training
and Rewards of a Lawyer," by Dean Har-
lan Stone, of the Columbia Law School. These
books should be in every school and college
library. Put them in the hands of your young
friends—they will thank you.
Each, thoroughly illxtstrated, decorated cloth,
net, $125
AT ALL BOOK STORES
J. B. LIPPINCOTT CO.
PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA
opment of our native drama from its beginning
to the present day. Twenty-five plays have been
selected as representative, including works of
John Howard Payne, Percy MacKaye, Augustus
Thomas, William Vaughn Moody, Bronson How-
ard, and Edward Sheldon.
A magazine of the new era that sundry watch-
men of the night proclaim to be dawning upon the
Western World begins its existence this month
under the name of "The Seven Arts." The mystic
seven is certainly a number to conjure with, even
though the arts in question be not definitely
specified; and the purpose of the new enterprise
to be "not a magazine for artists, but an expres-
sion of artists for the community" will win the
general reader's approval. The magazine "will
publish stories, short plays, poems, essays, and
brief editorials. Such arts as cannot be directly
set forth in a magazine will receive expression
through critical writing, which, it is hoped, will be
no less creative than the fiction and poetry."
Among the contributors to the initial number
appear these names: Romain Rolland, Louise
Driscoll, Kahlil Gibran, Amy Lowell, Robert
Frost, Allen Upward, James Oppenheim, Waldo
Frank, and others not unknown to fame. Mr.
Oppenheim is the editor, Mr. Frank the associate
editor, and there is a capable advisory board —
all filled with the faith "that we are living in the
first days of a renascent period, a time which
means for America the coming of that national
self-consciousness which is the beginning of great-
ness." The home of "The Seven Arts* is at 132
Madison Avenue, New York.
A forum for writers of all races, complexions,
religions, and conditions, with Mr. William Stanley
Braithwaite as its presiding genius, assisted by
Mr. Henry T. Schnittkind, enters this season upon
what promises to be a beneficent existence. "The
Stratford Journal," named, as it announces, "in
honour of that Stratford bard whose spirit was
the very perfection of cosmopolitanism," and sub-
titled "A Forum of Contemporary International
Thought," is issued by the Stratford Company, 32
Oliver Street, Boston. Its plan is to give in each
quarterly number translations of several foreign
masterpieces in fiction, examples of the best con-
temporary foreign and American poetry, short
plays, especially one-act pieces, and essays; and
thus, "so far as we can," is the editorial announce-
ment, "we will endeavor by means of the printed
page to bring together the white man and the
black man, the Caucasian and the Mongolian,
showing to ourselves and to everybody else that
God has made us all His children, that in our
moments of inspiration we all, regardless of race,
creed or locality, recognize the one great truth
that the world is small and its inhabitants so
puny, that all we need is the handclasp of one
another to help us and the smile of one another
to cheer us on." Eclectic magazines of this sort
have started (and stopped) times without number;
but it may be reserved for "The Stratford
Journal" to succeed where others have failed.
Its opening number has some very good things by
some very good writers.


1916]
407
THE DIAL
THE DIAL
3 Jfortnicbtlp Journal of llitcrarp Ctiticwni,
Discussion, ano Information
Published by
THE DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY
608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago
Telephone Harrison 3293
Martyn Johnson W. C. Kitchel
President Seo'y-Trea*.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Franeit F.
Browne) is published fortnightly — every other
Thursday — except in July and August, when but one
issue for each month will appear.
TEEMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:—$». a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and its
possessions, Canada, and Mexico. Foreign postage,
SO cents a year extra. Price of single copies, 10 cent*.
CHANGE OF ADDBESS:— Subscribers may have
their mailing address changed as often as desired.
In ordering such changes, it is necessary that both
the old and new addresses be given.
SUBSCRIPTIONS are discontinued at the expira-
tion of term paid for unless specifically renewed.
BEMITTANCES should be made payable to THE
DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, and should be in
the form of Express or Money Order, or in New
York or Chicago exchange. When remitting by per-
sonal check, 10 cents should be added for cost of
collection.
ADVERTISING BATES sent on application.
Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 189t, at the
Post Office at Chicago, under Act of March 3, 1879.
List of New Books.

[The following list, containing 149 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Letter* of Richard Wataon Glider. Edited by his
daughter, Rosamund Gilder. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 514 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50.
O. Henry Biography. By C. Alphonso-Smlth. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 258 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $2.50.
The Long Road of Woman's Memory. By Jane
Addams. 12mo, 168 pages. Macmlllan Co. $1.25.
Booker T. Waahlngtoni Builder of a Civilization.
By Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 330 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $2.
Soldier and Dramatlati Being the Letters of Harold
Chapin, American citizen who died for England
at Loos. September 26, 1915. With portraits,
12mo, 288 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25.
The Life and Lettera of Sir John Hennlker Heaton,
Bt. By his daughter, Mrs. Adrian Porter. Illus-
trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 295 pages.
John Lane Co. $3.
Omnlanai The Autobiography of an Irish Octo-
genarian. By J. F. Fuller. With portraits,
8vo, 310 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.
Lettera from My Home In Indlai Being the Cor-
respondence of Mrs. George Churchill (1871-
1916). Edited and arranged by Grace McLeod
Rogers. Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages. George
H. Doran Co. $1.35.
Andrew Johnaom Military Governor of Tennessee.
By Clifton R. Hall, Ph.D. 8vo, 234 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.50.
HISTORY.
JelTeraonlan Democracy In New England. By
William A. Robinson, Ph.D. 8vo, 190 pages.
Yale University Press. $2.
WILLIAM
McFEE
Author of a novel that has caused
more favorable comment than
any other book published this fall.
CASUALS OF
THE SEA
Some Press Comments:
There is a reality about it aU. Mr. McFee's
characters live, move, and have being. They
are not mere puppets. The story is, indeed, a
slice of life and the author is to be reckoned
with. It would seem that he is destined to
become a real force in English fiction.—Son
Francisco Hulletin.
a An unusual and an arresting book. He unques-
tionably belongs to that small company made up of
writers who command respect.—The New York Times.
A reading of only the first few pages of
"Casuals of the Sea" is essential to a realiza-
tion of the fact that we have in it a novel
worth careful contemplation and a novelist of
an assured future.—Boston Evening Tran-
script.
"Casuals of the Sea" is sure to be one of the year's
biggest books. It is a genuinely truthful book in
every scene, every motion, every slightest experience,
ashore and on sea, which it describes.—New York
Evening Sun.
"Casuals of the Sea" is a remarkable book,
and William McFee having gone to school to
many good masters, has trained and fully
equipped a talent which is his own and which
promises to win him a place in the long suc-
cession of English fiction.—New York Trib-
une.
What I relish most is the general tone of the thing.
Mr. McFee is just as interesting to me when he writes
about advertising as when he writes of the sea,—
perhaps more. It is his quality that is really the
thing.—The Dial.
One of the most interesting books I have
ever read. There is revealed in the telling of
this story a quality of mind which is so new
in literature that there are no terms as yet
invented by which to describe it. It is at the
farthest remove from the sentiment&lism of
the Victorian period; but it is just as English
—an English coolness a complete imperturb-
ableness in the face of life. Certainly this
book is one of the events of the literary year.
■—The Masses.
The author of "Casuals of the Sea" has experience,
vision, personality, and perspective. He has known
life at first hand; has digested his knowledge in
solitude (he Is a ship'B engineer); and his book is
more than a good story, it is a sharing with us of
the hoarded comprehensions of a lifetime.—J. B.
Kerfoot.
for salm at all book storms, net $1.50
Garden City Doubleday, Page & Co. New York


408
[November 16
THE DIAL
NEW AND RECENT BOOKS
YEARS OF MY YOUTH
By WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS
A delightful autobiography of youth and young
manhood. Not only a charming picture of the early
beginnings of our most distinguished man of letters,
but a vivid and graceful study of the life of the day
in the Ohio town where Mr. Ho wells grew up.
Crown Svo, $t.00 net
A DIPLOMAT'S WIFE IN MEXICO
By EDITH O'SHAUGHNESSY
"Mrs. O'Shaughnessy's book makes its appearance
at an opportune moment. . . Her book is wonder-
fully interesting. It reads like a romance, and those
who begin it will not want to lay it aside until it is
finished."—Utica Daily Press. Illustrated. 92.00 net
CHARLES FROHMAN: Manager and Man
By ISAAC F. MARCOSSON and
DANIEL FROHMAN
Full of intimate glimpses of great personalities—
J. M. Barrio; the career of Maude Adams; John Drew
and Ethel Barrymore on the stage and off; William
Gillette; hundreds of stories and anecdotes of Sothern
and Marlowe, Otis Skinner, Billie Burke, Pinero,
William Collier, Margaret Anglin, Edna May, and the
great galaxy of Frohman stars. His own life, from
the days of barefoot boyhood to his tragic death.
FuUy illustrated. $2.00 net
THE MYSTERIOUS STRANGER
By MARK TWAIN
A story of the supernatural. A new book written
at the height of the great humorist's powers and
only recently was the manuscript brought to light.
Whimsical, strange, fascinating — in short, Mark
Twain. Colored illustrations. $2.00 net
THE STORY OF THE BATTLE HYMN OF
THE REPUBLIC By FLORENCE HOWE HALL
How the song which set a nation singing, and
roused its patriotism to white heat, came to be writ-
ten, and how it has lived is told by the daughter of
Julia Ward Howe, who wrote the Battle Hymn.
Frontispiece. SO ets. net
AMERICA AND THE NEW EPOCH
By CHARLES P. STEINMETZ
A constructive book on what lies before this coun-
try because of the European war and the changed
conditions which will present themselves to America,
politically and industrially, at the close of the war.
Mr. Steinmetz shows how organization and democracy
can go hand in hand. Post Svo, $1.00 net
EVERYDAY WORDS AND THEIR USES
By ROBERT PALFREY UTTER, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of English, Amherst College
Every-Day Words is intended to be an intermediary
to establish friendly relations between the person who
wants to know and the sources of information. It
explains the meaning and use of a thousand or more
every-day words and expressions which are frequently
misused or misunderstood. Post Svo, $1.25 net
HOW WE ELECTED LINCOLN
By A. J. DITTENHOEFER
There are two master personalities about whom the
world is never weary of hearing—Napoleon Bonaparte
and Abraham Lincoln. Judge Dittenhoefer, who be-
came acquainted with Lincoln during the campaign
of 1860, and is the last living Lincoln Elector, tells
of his intimate personal association with the man
and President. Frontispiece. 60 cts. net
ON BEING HUMAN By WOODROW WILSON
"A book to keep at hand and turn to now and
then, as to the old essayists, the master words of
those who know men."—Baltimore Evening Sun.
"Straight from the soul of a man who knows the
real meaning of humanity, and what he says has the
weight of that authority which comes from expert
knowledge."—Philadelphia Record. 16mo. SO cts. net
THE PRESIDENT of THE UNITED STATES
By WOODROW WILSON
"A document of extraordinary interest. . . By
permitting the publication of this essay at this time
he invites general comparison of his conduct and his
character with the lofty standard elaborated in his
study> It is the act of a strong and courageous
tran."—N. V. Time*. 16mo. SO cts. net
HARPER & BROTHERS "Ttt»H,D
Some Cursory Remarks, made by James Blrket In
His Voyage to North America, 1750-1751. 12mo,
74 pases. Yale University Press. $1.
The Balkan Warn. 1912-13. By Jacob Gould
Schurman. Third edition; 12mo, 140 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The English Drama In the Age of Shakespeare.
Translated from "Geschichte des Neuen Dramas"
of Wilhelm Creizenach, formerly Professor in
the University of Cracow. Svo, 454 pages. J. B.
Llpplncott Co. $4.60.
Recovered Yesterdays In Literature. By William
A. Quayle. 12mo, 306 pages. Abingdon Press.
$1.50.
Romance. Two lectures by Sir Walter Raleigh.
12mo, 84 pages. Princeton University Press. $1.
The Social Criticism of Literature. By Gertrude
Buck. Ph.D. llimo, 60 pages. Yale University
Press. $1.
Whitman and Traubel. By William English
Walling. 12mo. 145 pages. New York: Albert
and Charles Boni. $1.
Tannhanser and the Mountain of Venus: A Study-
in the Legend of the Germanic Paradise. By
Philip Stephan Barto, Ph.D. With frontispiece,
12mo, 258 pages. Oxford University Press. $1.25.
Maeterlinck, Poet and Mystic: A Handbook of Six
Lectures. By Edward Howard Griggs. 12mo,
36 pages. B. W. Huebsch.
Bow to Read. By J. B. Kerfoot. 12mo. 297 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Amores. By D. H. Lawrence. 12mo, 113 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $1.50.
'Wild Earth, and Other Poems. By Padraic Colum.
12mo, 72 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.26.
Green Branches. By James Stephens. Limited
edition; with decorations, 8vo. Macmillan Co.
$1.75.
Smoky Roses. By Lyman Bryson. 12mo, 104 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Jordan Farms: An Epic in Homespun. By
Frederick E. Pierce. 12mo, 69 pages. Yale
University Press. $1.
Loves and Losses of Pierrot. By William Griffith.
Illustrated, 12mo, 43 pages. New York: Robert
J. Shores. $1.
Swords for Life. By Irene Rutherford McLeod.
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The Testament of William Wiudune, and Other
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Yale University Press. $1.
Friendship, and Other Poems. By B. H. Nadal.
12mo, 60 pages. New York: Robert J. Shores.
$1.
From Dawn to Eve. By Julia Wickham Green-
wood. 12mo, 140 pages. Boston: Richard G.
Badger. $1.26.
My Soldier Boy, and Other Poems. By Mrs. John
Archibald Morison. 12mo, 46 pages. Boston:
The Gorham Press. $1.
The Shadow-Eater. By Benjamin de Casseres.
12mo, 60 pages. New York: Albert and Charles
Boni. $1.
The Port O' Calabar, and College Verse. By Vale
Downie. 12mo, 86 pages. Cumberland, Md.:
Eddy Press Corporation. $1.
Birds of Passage. By Gilbert Thomas. New and
cheaper edition; 12mo. 43 pages. London:
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DRAMA AND THE STAGE.
The Drama of Savage Peoples. By Loom is
Havemeyer, Ph.D. 12mo, 274 pages. Yale
University Press. $1.75.
Charles Frohman: Manager and Man. By Isaac
F. Marcosson and Daniel Frohman- with an
Appreciation by James M. Barrie. With por-
traits, 8vo, 438 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2.
Moloch. By Beulah Marie Dlx. 12mo, 94 pages,
"The Borzoi Plays." Alfred A. Knopf. $1.
Six One-Act Plays: The Hand of the Prophet,
Children of Granada, The Turtle Dove, This
Youth—Gentlemen!, The Striker, Murdering
Selina. By Margaret Scott Oliver. 12mo, 128
pages. Boston: Richard G. Badger. $1.
Four Short Plays: Big Kate, Look after Louise,
The Real People, Aren't They Wonders? By
Charles F. Nlrdllnger. 12mo, 119 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25.


1916]
409
THE DIAL
The Witch of Endori A Tragedy. By Robert
Norwood. 12mo, 121 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.25.
The Prometheus Bound of /Eschylus. Translated
by Marlon Clyde Wler. 12mo, 77 pages. Century
Co. 65 cts.
The Book of Words of the Pageant and Masque of
Freedom. By George M. P. Baird. 12mo, 23
pages. Pittsburgh Charter Centennial Com-
mittee. Paper.
FICTION.
Kl Supremos A Romance of the Great Dictator of
Paraguay. By Edward Lucas White. 12mo, 700
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.90.
Hatchways. By Ethel Sidgwlck. 12mo, 441 pages.
Small, Maynard & Co. $1.40.
The Lion's Share. By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 426
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50.
A Drake, By George! By John Trevena. 12mo,
373 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50.
Mary-'Guata. By Joseph C. Lincoln. Illustrated,
12mo, 411 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.35.
The Taming of Callnga. By C. L. Carlsen. 12mo,
239 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35.
The Vermilion Box. By E. V. Lucas. 12mo, 346
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.36.
The Last Ditch. By Will Levington Comfort.
12mo, 360 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35.
Penrod and Sam. By Booth Tarkington. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 356 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. $1.35.
A Circus Rider's Widow. By Corra Harris. Illus-
trated. 12mo, 374 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. $1.50.
Kinsmen. By Perclval J. Cooney. 12mo, 366
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.60.
A Glided Vanity. By Richard Dehan. 12mo, 336
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.40.
Royal IIIghnesNi A Novel of German Court Life.
By Thomas Mann; translated from the German
by A. Cecil Curtis. 12mo, 362 pages. Alfred
A. Knopf. $1.50.
The Snow-Burner. By Henry Oyen. 12mo, 336
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
Cupid in Oilskins. By J. J. Bell. 12mo, 187 pages.
Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.
The .Shining Adventure. By Dana Burnet. With
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& Brothers. $1.30.
The Whirlpool. By Victoria Morton. 12mo, 348
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.60.
Men, Women, and Guns. By "Sapper." 12mo, 312
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
The Agony Column. By Earl Derr Btggers. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 194 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25.
The Farm Servant. By E. H. Anstruther. 12mo,
410 pages. London: George Allen & Unwin,
Ltd.
Master Simon's Garden. By Cornelia Meigs. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 320 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
The Complete Gentleman. By Bohun Lynch.
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Pod, Bender A Co. By George Allan England.
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$1.35.
Just a Woman. By Richard Parker; based on the
drama by Eugene Walter. Illustrated, 12mo,
321 pages. Macaulay Co. $1.25.
The Woman of Mystery. By Maurice Leblanc.
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Co. $1.25.
The Mark of the Beast. By Reginald Wright
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Macaulay Co. $1.25.
Agnes of the Badlands. By J. Breckenridge Ellis.
Illustrated, 12mo, 305 pages. Macaulay Co.
$1.25.
Belle Jonesi A Story of Fulfilment. By Allen
Meacham. 12mo, 102 pages. E. P. Dutton &
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SHORT-STORIES.
The Hungry Stones, and Other Stories. By Rabin-
dranath Tagore; translated from the original
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The Darling, and Other Stories. By Anton Chek-
hov: translated from the Russian by Con-
stance Garnett, with Introduction by Edward
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The Certain Hour. By James Branch Cabell.
12mo, 253 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co.
$1.35.

GEORGINA
5Fthe RAINBOWS
By Annie Fellows Johnston,
author of "The Little Colonel,"
"The Desert of Waiting," etc.
A new and bewitching character
steps forth to be loved alike by
old and young.
ONE CRITIC SAYS:—
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classics.
AND STILL A THIRD:—
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"GEORGINA" is already listed
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First edition, 50,000 copies,
contains a picture of the real
Georgina in life colors.
A beautiful gift book.
at all stores. $1.25 net
Britton Publishing Co.
NEW YORK


410
[November 16
THE DIAL
PAULTCKLUNE
cHu Ahnnihe-uinied Song
A NEW TRANSLATION by BERGEN APPLEGATE
'THE most complete and representative English
'translation, containing over 160 poems, a mono-
graph on the poet with many interesting details of
his strange career, and notes.
A BEAUTIFUL EDITION. FINELY PRINTED. AND
ILLUSTRATED WITH COLLOTYPES
Regular Edition ti.oo ,
Limited Edition (with original portrait Etching ol Vcrliinc) {4.00 ,
RALPH FLETCHER SEYMOUR. PUBLISHER
410 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE. CHICAGO
OUT THIS WEEK
Catalogue No. 70.
Part I. INTERESTING AND RARE BOOKS.
Chiefly from Private Libraries and a few
recently in from London.
Part II. SCARCE AMERICANA. The Jesuit
Relations, Early Travel and History, etc.
Also,
AN "EXTRA" BROADSIDE of new "Re-
mainders" from the leading publishers, offered
at discounts of from 40% to 80%.
All Catalogues Free.
THE MORRIS BOOK SHOP, INC.
24 N. Wabash Avenue, Chicago.
THE DIAL
is an ideal CHRISTMAS GIFT
for people of discriminating taste
You may subscribe until January 1, 1917 at the
rate of $2.00 the year for any number of years.
January 1, 1917 the rate becomes $3.00 a year.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
By BARTOW A. ULRICH
A book of personal reminiscences of Lincoln and
showing what he accomplished to advance the growth
of constitutional government.
Beautifully bound in buckram. 400 pp., $t.S0
For sale by
A. C. McClurg & Co. 2,^?B^,h
MA/WrVwBORZOI PLAYS.rwwww
Four striking playt that will
•rouiE a treat deal of interest
WAR: A Play in Four Acts. Translated from the
Russian of Michael Artzibashef.
MOLOCH: A Play in a Prologue, Three Acts and
an Epilogue by Beulah Marie Dix.
MORAL: A Comedy in Three Acts. Translated from
the German of Ludwig Thoma.
THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL: A Comedy in Three
Acts. Translated from the Russian of Nicolai
Gogol.
ALFRED A. KNOPF, Publisher
220 Wnt Forty-Second Street, New York
Send for a list of BORZOI Books
WaW\TsVs^fVWWWWlVWW\i»sW
WVV
Local Color. By Irvin S. Cobb. 12mo, 460 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.35.
The Whale and the Grasshopper, and Other Fables.
By Seumas O'Brien. With frontispiece, 12mo,
302 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.35.
The Eternal Feminine, and Other Stories. By
Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews. Illustrated
12mo, 369 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.35.
TRAVEL. AND DESCRIPTION.
More Wanderings In London. By E. V. Lucas■
illustrated in color, etc., by H. M. Livens. 8vo.
332 pages. George H. Doran Co. $2.
Winter Journeys In the Sontht Pen and Camera
Impressions of Men, Manners, Women, and
Things AH the Way from the Blue Gulf and
New Orleans through Fashionable Florida
Palms to the Pines of Virginia. By John
Martin Hammond. Illustrated, 8vo, 262 pages
J. B. Lipplncott Co. $3.60.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.—SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS.
The Outlines of Economics). By Richard T. Ely
Thomas S. Adams, Max O. Lorenz, and Allyn
A. Young. Third revised edition; 12mo, 769
pages. Macmillan Co. $2.10.
The Man versus The State: A Collection of Essaya
by Herbert Spencer; edited by Truxton Beale,
with critical and interpretative comments by
W. H. Taft, C. W. Eliot, Elihu Root, H. C.
Lodge, Nathaniel M. Butler, E. H. Gary,
D. J. Hill, H. F. Stone, A. P. Gardner. 12mo,
357 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2.
Corporation Finance. Part II., Distributing Secur-
ities Reorganization. By Hastings Lyon. 8vo,
316 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
The Farm Mortgage Handbook. By Kingman Nott
Robins. 12mo, 236 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Our Mexican Muddle. By Henry Morris. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 159 pages. Laird & Lee.
BOOKS ABOUT THE WAR.
Galllpoll. By John Masefleld. Illustrated, 12mo,
245 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
A Volunteer Pollu. By Henry Sheahan. Illus-
trated, 16mo, 217 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25.
A Diary of the Great Warr. By Saml. Pepys,
Junr.; with Effigies by M. Watson-Williams.
12mo, 316 pages. John Lane Co. $1.60.
Their Spirit: Some Impressions of the English and
French during the Summer of 1916. By Robert
Grant. 16mo, 101 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
60 cts.
The Harvard Volunteers In Europe! Personal
Records of Experience in Military, Ambulance,
and Hospital Service. Edited by M. A. DeWolfe
Howe. 12mo, 263 pages. Harvard University
Press.
Ambulance No. lOt Personal Letters from the
Front. By Leslie Bus well. Illustrated, 12mo,
156 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
A Conclusive Peace. By Charles Fremont Taylor.
16mo, 173 pages. John C. Winston Co. 60 cts.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Jesus and the Christian Religion. By Francis A.
Henry. Large 8vo, 444 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $3.
Heaven Open to Souls. By Rev. Henry Churchill
Semple, S.J. 12mo, 567 pages. Benziger
Brothers. $2.
Faith Justified by Progress. By Henry Wilkes
Wright, Ph.D. 12mo, 286 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.26.
Gleanings from Old Shaker Journals. Compiled by
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pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
The Composition and Date of Acts. By Charles
Cutler Torrey. 8vo, 72 pages. Harvard Univer-
sity Press. Paper.
A Campaign of Personal Evangelism. By Perrv
V. Jenness, D.D. 16mo, 23 pages. Philadelphia":
The Westminster Press. Paper.
The Juniors: How to Teach and Train Them. By
Maud Junkln Baldwin. Illustrated, 12mo, 107
pages. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.
45 cts.
At Mother's Knee: Prayers to be Used in the
Religious Training of Children in the Home.
Compiled by Ozora S. Davis. 12mo, 27 pages.
Abingdon Press. 25 cts.


1916]
411
THE DIAL
EDUCATION.
The Beginning* of Yale (1701-1726). By Edwin
Ovlatt. Illustrated, large 8vo, 4S6 pages. Yale
University Press. $3.50.
Documentary History of Yale University, under the
Original Charter of the Collegiate School of
Connecticut, 1701-1745. Edited by Franklin
Bowdltch Dexter, Liitt.D. 4to, 382 pages. Yale
University Press. $4.
Form and Function* of American Government. By
Thomas Harrison Reed, A.B. Illustrated, 12mo,
549 pages. World Book Co. $1.36.
Real Storiea from Our History. By John T. Faris.
Illustrated, 12mo, 308 pages. Ginn & Co.
Classics for Children. New editions, new vols.:
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by Charles Kingsley, edited by J. H. Stickney;
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, edited, with Introduc-
tion and Notes, by W. P. Trent; The King of
the Golden River, by John Ruskin; /Ksop's
Fables, edited by J. H. Stickney, 40 cts.;
Gulliver's Travels, edited by Edward K. Robin-
son, 40 cts.; Gods and Heroes, by Robert E.
Francillon, 48 cts.; Irvlng's The Alhambra,
edited by Edward K. Robinson; each illustrated,
12mo. Ginn & Co.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
A Dictionary of Similes. By Frank J. Wilstach.
8vo, 488 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $2.60.
Rider's New York City and Vicinity, including
Newark, Yonkers, and Jersey City. Compiled
and edited by Fremont Rider. With maps and
plans, 16 mo, 506 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$2.10.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Boys' Life of Mark Twain i The Story of a
Man Who Made the World Laugh and Love
Him. By Albert Bigelow Paine. Illustrated,
12mo, 354 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
The Boys' Life of Lord Kitchener. By Harold F.
B. Wheeler. Illustrated, 8vo, 288 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
The Indian Fairy Book, from the Original Legends.
Compiled by Henry R. Schoolcraft; Illustrated
in color by Florence Choate and Elizabeth
Curtis. 8vo, 303 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.60.
The Story of an Indian Mutiny. By Henry Gilbert.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 350 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
Heroes of the Great War; or, Winning the Victoria
Cross. By G. A. Leask, M.A. Illustrated, 12mo,
301 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
The Tin Owl Stories. By William Rose. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 262 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1.40.
The Fullback. By Lawrence Perry. Illustrated,
12mo, 302 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Chickadee-Dee and Bis Friends. By Lyle Ward
Sanderson; illustrated in color, etc., by Sidney
T. Callowhill. 8vo, 148 pages. Frederick A.
Stokes Co. $1.25.
The Twins "Pro" and "Con." By Winifred Arnold.
Illustrated, 8vo, 269 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1.26.
The Jolly Book of Playcraft. By Patten Beard.
Illustrated, 8vo, 227 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.35.
Anne, Princess of Everything;. By Blanche Eliza-
beth Wade. Illustrated, 12mo, 207 pages. Sully
& Klelnteich. $1.
How Boys and Girls Can Earn Money. By C. C.
Bowsfield. 12mo, 247 pages. Forbes & Co. $1.
The Cave Twins. By Lucy Fitch Perkins; illus-
trated by the author. 8vo, 163 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.
The King's Highway Series. By E. Hershey
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New vols.: The Way of the King's Gardens,
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The Way of the King's Palace, 75 cts. Each
illustrated, 12mo. Macmillan Co.
The Clever Mouse: Six Little Chapters In an
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Morning Face. By Gene Stratton-Porter; illus-
trated with photographs taken by the author.
4to, 128 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $2.
CICERO:
His Life and Works
By HANNIS TAYLOR
CICEKO was the embodiment of the
Spirit of Roman Republicanism. In
his life is epitomized the history of
Roman public life at its best, and when,
after having essayed the impossible task of
saving the Republic through a social, moral,
and political regeneration of the governing
classes, he went down in the wreck of the
commonwealth, Roman constitutional gov-
ernment lost its ablest advocate and
defender.
This account of his life and time should
appeal with peculiar force to the American
people, embodying as it does a record of
conditions so nearly identical with our own.
Illustrated by reproductions of old and rare
prints. $3.50.
A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publisher.
The Mountains 8uy
of the Morning BESs
A beautiful romance—pure, wholesome, and
interesting — and with a gripping message.
The scene is laid in our own great West-land,
in the Valley of the Silver Bow.
Illustrated. Net, $1.S5, postpaid
THE ABINGDON PRESS
New York Cincinnati Chicago Boston
Pittsburgh Detroit Kansas City San Francisco
vwwTALES OF THE PAMPASwvs
A Borzoi Book
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Author of "Green Mansions," etc.
These are tales that should prove absolutely novel to
American readers; they will take you to the far-off South
American Pampas of half a century ago, when horsemen
roamed the plains and no man's life was certain.
J2mo, doth, jacket in colors, $1.25 net
ALFRED A. KNOPF, Publisher
220 West Forty-Second Street, New York
Send for a list of BORZOI Books
rVWWWuWrVWrVWWVWWWYVWhArWS


412
[November 16
THE DIAL
Catalogue of New Important Books
At Bargain Prices
Embracing recent English and American
works on HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, TRAVEL,
SOCIOLOGY, ART, ETHNOLOGY, ANTHRO-
POLOGY, and GENERAL LITERATURE of
the enduring sort.
Other Catalogues In Preparation
AMERICAN HISTORY—Over 2,000 Titles.
ASSOCIATION BOOKS—A Splendid Col-
lection of nearly 350 volumes.
FIRST EDITIONS of English and American
Authors.
GENERAL LITERATURE, including the
DRAMA. Copies Mailed On Bequest.
-G. A. BAKER & CO.-
120 E. 59th St. Lexington Book Shop New York City
Ftf HOT T V Authors' aad PoblLkm'
. Wl. nULLI RsnrssontatWa
15* Fifth Avoaae. Now York (IiuW>U 1M5)
una tm toll nrouunon will bi sbr or uacut
If you want first editions, limited edi-
tions, association books—books of
any kind, in fact, address:
DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass.
Recovered Yesterdays
in Literature S wjjjjjjn a. qj^h
A series of brilliant essays on men, women,
and literature.
The name of the author is sufficient to sug-
gest the charm, piquancy, and originality that
characterize these essays.
Vision, variety, imagination, and penetration
are evident on every page.
Small crown Svo. Cloth, gold top. Net, $1.10, postpaid
ThejAbingdon Press
New York Cincinnati Chicago Boston
Pittsburgh Detroit Kansas City San Francisco
ALEXANDER WYANT
By ELIOT CLARK
Crown Octavo. With a frontispiece in colors and H
photogravure plates. Limited edition of S00 copies
on Dutch hand-made paper, sewn with silk and
bound in Italian paper boards, doth back. $1S.50
net a copy.
"We get much more from this account than dates
and a list of events. We get the colon of the artist's
restricted palette, many of his technical methods, his
habit in studying nature of turning objective facts
into abstract harmonies, descriptions of individual
pictures, and a sympathetic analysis of temperament."
—New York Times.
FREDERIC FAIRCHILD SHERMAN
1790 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
Fairy Gold Series. Comprising-: Cinderella, Briar
Rose and King Tawny Mane, The Fox and the
Grapes and Other Tiny Tales, Tom Thumb,
Dick Whittington, Chicken-Licken and Other
Stories, Tom-Tit-Tot and the Fairy Gifts, The
Beauty and the Beast. Bach illustrated in
color, 16mo. E. P. Dutton & Co. Per set, $1.
The Arabian Nights' Entertain men ta. Illustrated
and decorated by Louis Rhead. Large Svo, 429
pages. Harper & Brothers. {1.50.
Betty's Beantlfnl Nights. By Marian W. W. Fenner;
illustrated by Clara M. Burd. Svo, 212 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Uncle Wiggily and Mother Gooae. By Howard R.
Garis: illustrated by Edward Bloomfleld. Large
8vo, 175 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
The American Boya' Book of Electricity. By
Charles H. Seaver. Illustrated, 8vo, 365 pages.
Philadelphia: David McKay. $1.50.
The Boy with the U. 8. Mail. By Francis Rolt-
Wheeler. Illustrated, 12mo, 349 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
Uncle Sam's Outdoor Magici Bobby Cullen with the
Reclamation Workers. By Percy Keese Fitz-
hugh. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. Harper
& Brothers. $1.25.
Bruce Wright. By Irving Williams. Illustrated
in tint, 12mo, 327 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
81. £5.
Little People. Rhymes by R. H. Blkln; illustrated
in color by H. Wlllebeek Le Mair. Oblong 8vo.
Philadelphia: David McKay. $1.25.
Snarlie the Tiger. By Howard R. Garis. Illus-
trated in color, 8vo, 178 pages. R. F. Fenno
& Co. $1.
HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS.
Salt-Water Poems and Ballads. By John Ma.sefleld;
illustrated in color, etc., by Charles Pears.
12mo, 163 pages. Macmlllan Co. $2.
The Mysterious Stranger i A Romance. By Mark
Twain; illustrated in color by N. C. Wyeth.
Large 8vb, 160 pages. Harper & Brothers.
One Hundred Cartoons by Ceaare. 4to, 199 pages.
Small, Maynard & Co. $3.
Glbaoni A Book of Charles Dana Gibson's Latest
Drawings. 4to. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
The Law of Succeaa. By Bruce MacLelland. 12mo,
183 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.
Seven Secrets of Success, and Other Talks on
Making Good. By Madison C. Peters, D.D.
16mo, 108 pages. Robert H. McBride Co. 75 cts.
Gifts from the Desert. By Fred B. Fisher; with
decorations and illustrations in color by Harold
Speakman. 16mo. Abingdon Press. 50 cts.
A Christmas Meditation. By Lawrence Gilman,
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& Co. 25 cts.
Old Christmas. By Washington Irving; illustrated
in color, etc., by Frank Dadd. 8vo, 115 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
The Water-Babies. By Charles Klngsley; illus-
trated by Jessie Willcox Smith. 4to, 362 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The New Interior! Modern Decoration for the
Modern Home. By Hazel H. Adler. Illustrated
in color, etc., large 8vo, 315 pages. Century
Co. $3.
The Romance of a Christmas Card. By Kate
Douglas Wlggin; illustrated in color, etc., by
Alice Ercle Hunt. 12mo, 124 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. SI.
And Thus He Camet A Christmas Fantasy. By
Cyrus Townsend Brady; illustrated in color,
etc., by Walter H. Everett. 12mo, 103 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
Angel Unawarest A Story of Christmas Eve. By
C. N. and A. M. Williamson. With frontispiece
in color, 16mo, 62 pages. Harper & Brothers.
50 cts.
Impressions Calendar, 1917. Large Svo. Paul Elder
& Co. 60 cts.
The O. Henry Calendar, 1917; The Lincoln Calendar,
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& Klelntelch.
MISCELLANEOUS.
My Garden. By Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 308 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co.
$1.50.
A Critique of the Theory of Evolution. By Thomas
Hunt Morgan. Illustrated, 12mo, 197 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.50.


THE DIAL
3 Jfortntafjtlp journal of literary Criticism, Discussion, anil Jnformatton.
Vol. LXI.
NOVEMBER 30, 1916
No. 7S0
Contents.
"THE EMERALD WAY." Bichard Aldington . 447
CASUAL COMMENT 448
An editorial writer on "Collier's."—One of
the first Slavic writers to be read in Amer-
ica.—A splendid bequest to a public library.
—The truth about Shakespeare.—Books for
the shut-in. — Englisu misconceptions of
American usage.—Why is a book-review t—A
stimulant to the reading habit.—Magazine
verse of 1916.
COMMUNICATIONS 451
College and Conversation. Bene Kelly.
The use of "Like" and "As." 8. T. Kidder.
ENGLAND IN SHAKESPEARE'S TIME.
Barrett Wendell 453
AN AMERICAN POET AND EDITOR. Henry
B. Fuller 455
THE PRIMER OF GERMAN CONQUEST.
Harold J. Laski 456
IRELAND, 1916. Van Wyck Brooks .... 458
THE STRANGE CASE OF MR. CHESTERTON.
George Bernard Donlin 460
A GROUP OF IRISH PLAYS. Homer E.
Woodbridge 462
SIXTY YEARS OF THE AMERICAN STAGE.
Grant Showerman 463
LIGHT THROUGH THE MISTS OF WAR.
T. D. A. Cockerell 465
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale . . . .466
NOTES ON NEW FICTION 469
Dead Yesterday.—The Certain Hour.—The
House of Luck.—The Buffoon.—The Shining
Adventure.—The Snow-Burner.—The Darling
and Other Stories. — The Tutor's Stor-.—
Barnacles.—The Eternal Feminine.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS—1 471
NOTES AND NEWS 483
TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS . . 485
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 487
"THE EMERALD WAY."
If you were going out on that muddy
khaki way which is so weary and racking and,
worst of all, so monotonous, what book or
books would you take with you, as a reminder
of that serene beauty now hidden in the dust-
cloud of warT
Perhaps that question has a ring of the
"What is your favorite poett" about it, but
not entirely so. For in these bitter circum-
stances you get a real "preference," not a
conventional taste. And in modern literature
we do not want Boileauesque standards, we
want a man's own "preference"—the word
in its present sense is taken from Paul
Escombe — which will give us a fresh view
of some known and loved book or a revelation
of an unknown beauty.
Eugene Demolder is not a famous author,
and "La Route d'Emeraude" is about as old-
fashioned to a Parisian as "John Inglesant"
is to us. Yet that was the book which gave
back to me something of lost peace and beauty
during my first laborious weeks of soldiering
— that tedious, awful process known as
"breaking in" a recruit.
It was so hard to decide what to take when
there were so many one wanted to take and
so few allowed! It was desperately sad to
put away one's choice Aldine's, with their
white crisp paper and running type, one's
"Griffin" classics and Plantine and Venetian
and Florentine books — that Boetius picked
up for a soldo outside Santa Maria Novella,
that massive unreadable folio lugged home in
dust and sweat from the East End of London,
but precious because a "Froben of Basle" not
in the British Museum! And still harder to
leave that neat little Heine one was just
beginning to understand and love, and last
month's new books from London and Paris —
pages uncut which perhaps some less loving
fingers would tear,— all the treasures of the
book-maniac, which seem so trivial to Army
Councils and Sergeant Majors but which have
This article was written for The Dial by Mr. Aldington
during a "few hours week-end leave" from the British
camp where he is in training for service at the front.—
The Editor.


448
[November 30
THE DIAL
outlived the clamor and songs and violence
of so many centuries.
I chose for my books the poems of Catullus
and Herrick; a friend who joined with me
took Shakespeare, Anatole France's "Crime
de Sylvestre Bonnard," and (to read in the
train) Demolder's "Route d'Emeraude."
For the first week I forgot utterly and
blankly that such a thing as a book — out-
side the red-covered drill books—ever existed.
And then I determined, in spite of everything,
to snatch one hour from each day, to taste
the honey of the Muses!
Somehow Herrick was too light and friv-
olous, with his rose-wreaths and "hayre drip-
ping with oyle" and his Antheas and Erinnas
and drooping daffodils. Shakespeare was too
lofty for one's weary, cramped little soul.
The glittering aristocratism of Catullus was
almost an insult to a humble "foot-slogger,"
and the delicate irony of Anatole France left
one indifferent.
And then, when I was beginning to despair,
to think I had lost all love of books, I took
down "The Emerald Way."
I read and re-read that book with the same
avid, parched eagerness that a servant-maid,
condemned to a lifetime of ignoble and unrec-
ompensed toil, reads of the beautiful curly-
haired Earl who married the housemaid in
spite of Lady Sybil Vere's intrigues! I
understood what the novelette habit is.
Not that "The Emerald Way" by any wild
stretch of imagination could be called a novel-
ette,— but as I think of it I can recall no other
"image" to express my absorbed interest.
Hour after hour, all day, I tramped a dusty
"square" under a blazing July sun, until my
clothes hung soaked with sweat about me, until
I thought I would scream if this monotonous
torture lasted another minute. Everything
seemed dead, arid, a monstrous insult to one's
intelligence, an insane and perverted rou-
tine. . .
And then, in the evening, when the last
table and pot and basin had been scoured and
re-scoured, when the last buckle had been
polished and the last strap greased, I would
slip off to the baths and come back to my
"Emerald Way," refreshed like dusty grass
after a shower.
I would lie on my bed, between X, the
journalist, and B, the tailor, and read;
through the window opposite was one plumy
willow tree, motionless in the gold twilight.
And the book I read was perhaps nothing
very great in the annals of literature, as
written by great and comfortable professors,
but it kept my soul alive. It kept my soul
alive with a thousand pictures, reminding of
one phase and another of life I had quite
forgotten. It gave me pictures of the flat
Dutch lands, with their geometric dykes and
rows of trees and ceaselessly fleeting sky; it
took me to old Haarlem and to old Amster-
dam and into quaint houses and mills, taverns
and prostitutes' haunts, fields and dunes and
sea spaces. . .
It was as if I had been allowed each evening
to wander round the Dutch and Flemish
rooms of our National Gallery. It was a
picture gallery in print.
There were pictures of coarse men drunk
to nausea in picturesque taverns by Teniers;
of kermesses by Van Ostade; of the glowing
flesh tints of women's bodies by Rubens; of
melancholy and despised and poor and beau-
tiful people by Rembrandt — always the
figure of Christ standing beside the despised
person; of sleepy cows in sunshine, by Paul
Potter; of neat girls in immaculate kitchens
opening on to tiled and spotless passages, by
Pieter de Hoogh; of merchant ships, hung
with gaudy streamers, becalmed off Rotter-
dam, by van der Cappelle; of portly matrons
and frizzly-haired young ladies in exquisite
satins, yellow and crimson and cobalt, with
frail laces, by Gerard Dow; of wild and
handsome young men, by Franz Hals; and
of dozens more, by Breughel and Jordaens
and Cuyp. . .
Yes, "The Emerald Way" is not, perhaps,
great literature, but it gave life and hope
and refreshment to one weary, thirsty, timid
Richard Aldington.
CASUAL COMMENT.
An editorial writer on "Collier's"
believes that he has found in The Dial a hint
of obscurantism. He expostulates with us
gently for a supposed prejudice against free
verse and pleads for a greater catholicity.
For our part, we enjoyed the exhortation and
find ourselves in agreement with the exhorter,
but we are totally at a loss to understand why
we should have served as a text for such a
sermon. If the editorial writer will follow
The Dial with a care which it will try to


1916]
449
THE DIAL
justify, he will find there opinions of the
greatest variety, even about the merits of free
verse; he will find, too, that some of those
opinions have been contributed by such well-
known opponents of free verse as Mr. Richard
Aldington and Miss Amy Lowell. If there
seems to be conflict, so much the better; The
Dial believes that conflict is stimulating and
is quite willing to leave easy judgments as to
what is or is not true poetry to the pundits
who have been able to find or to borrow a
touchstone. In the meantime, having no such
infallible mineral at hand, The Dial will try
to reflect the best contemporary opinions
available; it will not expect its contributors
to divine and express the opinions of the
editors, however weighty it may privately
hold those notions to be.
One of the first Slavic writers to be
read in America, Henryk Sienkiewicz, whose
death in Vevey, Switzerland, has just been
made known, was more famous for one of his
lesser works than for what critics have con-
sidered were his best efforts. To the Amer-
ican popular mind Sienkiewicz is represented
by "Quo Vadis"; whereas, in his native
Poland, in Russia, in most of Europe, his
novels dealing with the Polish-Cossack-Tatar
conflicts of the fifteenth century are conceded
to be among the most brilliant examples of
modern historical novels. Of an ancient
Lithuanian family that had removed to
Poland because of the Russian wars, Henryk
Sienkiewicz was born in Wola Okrzejska,
Government of Siedlce, in 1846. After
attending the Realgymnasium and University
of Warsaw, he made his literary debut in 1872
with the humorous story, "Nobody Is a
Prophet in His Own Country." In 1876
he came to the United States, confining his
visit for the most part to the Polish colony
which the Modjeskis had just founded on the
Californian coast. At this time, under the
pseudonym "Litwos," he wrote a series of
letters to the "Polish Gazette" of Warsaw
describing his impressions of America and its
people. These letters did much to establish
his fame at home. The drama "On a Card"
(1879) and the stories "Hanja" and "Yanko
the Musician" increased his popularity. In
1880 appeared his first historical novel, "The
Tatar Bondage," and in 1884 he completed
the first of his great trilogy, "With Fire and
Sword," which was followed in 1886 by "The
Deluge," and in 1888 by "Pan Michael." In
America he had met the great linguist,
Jeremiah Curtin, and him Sienkiewicz author-
ized to translate the trilogy into English. The
translations were excellent and were featured
by the American publishers. They attained
a certain vogue among a small group of
readers, much as did George Borrow's work
in England, but they never became really
popular. Sienkiewicz felt the influences that
were just beginning to prevail in literature
the world over, and his later novels, "With-
out Dogma" (1890), and "Children of the
Soil" (1894), were pathological and psycho-
logical in nature. In 1895 "Quo Vadis," a
story of Nero's reign, appeared and was trans-
lated into English. More than a million
copies were sold in the United States.
Sienkiewicz returned to his old subject with
"Knights of the Cross" (1900), and "On the
Field of Glory," the last book to be trans-
lated by Curtin before his death. Sienkiewicz
was prominent in relief work during the war
and his activity along this line prevented his
finishing another trilogy. His last published
works are: "Whirlpools," and "In Desert
and Wilderness," a story of Africa, in which
continent he travelled in 1891. Sienkiewicz
was an honorary member of the Russian
Academy of Science and for many years
edited the periodical "Slowo" (The World).
A splendid bequest to a public library
comes to notice in the addition of a million
and a half dollars to the resources of the
Providence Public Library through the will
of the late Lyra Brown Nickerson. With so
substantial an endowment a library already
so well supported as that of Providence should
be able to indulge its taste for special depart-
ments and special activities with considerable
freedom. Exactly how the increase in rev-
enue will be used has not yet been decided,
"except that the underlying aim," it is
announced in the "Quarterly Bulletin" of
the library, "will be to study the needs, inter-
ests, and activities of the local community,
in all their details." Of the benefactress and
her father we learn from the same source the
following: "Her father, the late Edward I.
Nickerson, was a Trustee of the Library for
thirty years, from 1878 until his death in
1908, and was Secretary from 1884 to 1908
(twenty-four years). After his death, in
1908, his daughter made the Library a gift
of his architectural library, valued at
$5,000.00, and accompanied it with a fiund
of $10,000.00, the annual income of which
is used for additions to the collection. It is
understood that Miss Nickerson, in making
this bequest, was carrying out the beneficent
provisions of her mother's will."


412
[November 16
THE DIAL
Catalogue of New ImportantBooks
At Bargain Prices
Embracing recent English and American
works on HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, TRAVEL,
SOCIOLOGY, ART, ETHNOLOGY, ANTHRO-
POLOGY, and GENERAL LITERATURE of
the enduring sort.
Other Catalogues In Preparation
AMERICAN HISTORY-Over 2,000 Titles.
ASSOCIATION BOOKS-A Splendid Col-
lection of nearly 350 volumes.
FIRST EDITIONS of English and American
Authors.
GENERAL LITERATURE, including the
DRAMA. Copies Mailed On Request.
-G. A. BAKER & CO.
120 E. 59th St. Lexington Book Shop New York City
F. M. HOLLY autº::::::::"'
156 Fifth Avenue, New Yerk (Established 1905)
ATES AND FULL INFORMATION WILL BE SENT ON REQUEST
f you want first editions, limited edi-
tions, association books—books of
any kind, in fact, address:
DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass.
Recovered Yesterdays
in Literature FWTTA. Jºſe
A series of brilliant essays on men, women,
and literature.
The name of the author is sufficient to sug-
gest, the charm, piquancy, and originality that
characterize these essays.
Vision, variety, imagination, and penetration
are evident on every page.
Small crown 8vo. Cloth, gold top. Net, $1.50, postpaid
The Abingdon Press
New York Cincinnati Chicago Boston
Pittsburgh Detroit Kansas City San Francisco
ALEXANDER WYANT
By ELIOT CLARK
Crown Octavo. With a frontispiece in colors and "14
photogravure plates. Limited edition of 300 copies
on Dutch hand-made paper, sewn with silk and
bound in Italian paper boards, cloth back. $12.50
met a copy.
“We get much more from this account than dates
and a list of events. We get the colors of the artist's
restricted palette, many of his technical methods, his
habit in studying nature of turning objective facts
into abstract harmonies, descriptions of individual
pictures, and a sympathetic analysis of temperament.”
-New York Times.
FREDERIC FAIRCHILD SHERMAN
1790 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
Fairy Gold Series. Comprising: Cinderella, Briar
Rose and King Tawny Mane, The Fox and the
Grapes and Other Tiny Tales, Tom Thumb,
Dick Whittington, Chicken-Licken and Other
Stories, Tom-Tit-Tot and the Fairy Gifts, The
Beauty and the Beast. Each illustrated in
color, 16mo. E. P. Dutton & Co. Per set, $1.
The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. Illustrated
and decorated by Louis Rhead. Large 8vo, 429
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
Betty’s Beautiful Nights. By Marian W. W. Fenner:
illustrated by Clara M. Burd. 8vo, 212 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Uncle Wiggily and Mother Goose. By Howard R.
Garis; illustrated by Edward Bloomfield. Large
8vo, 175 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
The American Boys' Book of Electricity. By
Charles H. Seaver. Illustrated, 8vo, 365 pages.
Philadelphia: David McKay. $1.50.
The Boy with the U. S. Mail. By Francis Rolt-
Wheeler. Illustrated, 12mo, 349 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50. -
Uncle Sam’s Outdoor Magic: Bobby Cullen with the
Reclamation Workers. By Percy Keese Fitz-
hugh. Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. Harper
& Brothers. $1.25.
Bruce Wright. By Irving Williams. Illustrated
# cºnt. 12mo, 327 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
• **-
Little People. Rhymes by R. H. Elkin; illustrated
in color by H. Willebeek Le Mair. blong 8vo.
Philadelphia: David McKay. $1.25.
Snarlie the Tiger. By Howard R. Garis. Illus-
gº in color, 8vo, 178 pages. R. F. Fenno
o.
Holid AY GiFT Books.
Salt-Water Poems and Ballads. By John Masefield;
illustrated in color, etc., Charles Pears.
12mo, 163 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.
The Mysterious Stranger: A Romance. By Mark
Twain; illustrated in color by N. C. Wyeth.
Large 8vo, 150 pages. Harper & Brothers.
One Hundred Cartoons by Cesare.
Small, Maynard & Co. $3.
Gibson: A Book of Charles Dana Gibson’s Latest
Drawings. 4to. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
The Law of Success. By Bruce MacLelland. 12mo,
183 pages. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.
Seven Secrets of Success, and Other Talks on
Making Good. By Madison C. Peters, D.D.
16mo, 108 pages. Robert H. McBride Co. 75 cts.
Gifts from the Desert. By Fred B. Fisher; with
decorations and illustrations in color by Harold
Speakman. 16mo... Abingdon Press. 50 cts.
A Christmas Meditation. By Lawrence Gilman,
Revised edition; 24mo, 16 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. 25 cts.
Old Christmas. By Washington Irving; illustrated
in color, etc., by Frank Dadd. 8vo, 115 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
The Water-Babies. By Charles Kingsley; illus-
trated by Jessie Willcox Smith. 4to, 362 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The New Interior:
4to, 199 pages.
Modern Decoration for the
Modern Home. By Hazel H. Adler. Illustrated
§ cº, etc., large 8vo, 315 pages. Century
O. -
The Romance of a Christmas Card. By Kate
Douglas Wiggin; illustrated in color, etc., by
Alice Ercle Hunt. 12mo, 124 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.
And Thus He Came: A Christmas Fantasy. By
Cyrus Townsend Brady; illustrated in color,
etc., by Walter H. Everett. 12mo, 103 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
Angel Unawares: A Story of Christmas Eve. By
N. and A. M. Williamson. With frontispiece
§ color, 16mo, 62 pages. Harper & Brothers.
50 cts.
Impressions Calendar, 1917. Large 8vo. Paul Elder
& Co. 50 cts.
The O. Henry Calendar, 1917; The Lincoln Calendar,
1917; The Mark Twain Calendar, 1917. Sully
& Kleinteich.
MISCELLANEOUS.
My Garden. By Louise Beebe Wilder. Illustrated,
#º 8vo, 308 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co.
1.50.
A Critique of the Theory of Evolution. By Thomas
Hunt Morgan. Illustrated, 12mo, 197 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.50.
| At


THE DIAL
Øſ fortnightip 3Journal of 3Literary Criticism, Bigtuggion, amb 3ſnformation.
Vol. LXI. NOVEMBER 30, 1916 No. 730
CONTENTS.
“THE EMERALD WAY.” Richard Aldington . 447
CASUAL COMMENT . - . . . . 448
An editorial writer on “Collier’s.”—One of
the first Slavic writers to be read in Amer-
ica.-A splendid bequest to a public library.
—The truth about Shakespeare.—Books for
the shut-in. – Englisu misconceptions of
American usage.—Why is a book-review?—A
stimulant to the reading habit.—Magazine
verse of 1916.
COMMUNICATIONS . - - - - . 451
College and Conversation. Rene Kelly.
The use of “Like” and “As.” S. T. Kidder.
ENGLAND IN SHAKESPEARE’S TIME.
Barrett Wendell . 453
AN AMERICAN POET AND EDITOR. Henry
B. Fuller . - - - - . 455
THE PRIMER OF GERMAN CONQUEST.
Harold J. Laski . . . . . . . 456
IRELAND, 1916. Van Wyck Brooks . 458
THE STRANGE CASE OF ME. CHESTERTON.
George Bernard Donlin . . 460
A GROUP OF IRISH PLAYS. Homer E.
Woodbridge . 462
SIXTY YEARS OF THE AMERICAN STAGE.
Grant Showerman . . 463
LIGHT THROUGH THE MISTS OF WAR.
T. D. A. Cockerell . . 465
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale . . 466
NOTES ON NEW FICTION . . . . 469
Dead Yesterday.-The Certain Hour.—The
House of Luck.-The Buffoon.—The Shining
Adventure.—The Snow-Burner.—The Darling
and Other Stories. – The Tutor’s Stor". —
Barnacles.—The Eternal Feminine.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.–I. . 471
NOTES AND NEWS . . 483
TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS . 485
LIST OF NEW BOOKS . . 487
“THE EMERALD WAY.”
If you were going out on that muddy
khaki way which is so weary and racking and,
worst of all, so monotonous, what book or
books would you take with you, as a reminder
of that serene beauty now hidden in the dust-
cloud of war?
Perhaps that question has a ring of the
“What is your favorite poet?” about it, but
not entirely so. For in these bitter circum-
stances you get a real “preference,” not a
conventional taste. And in modern literature
we do not want Boileauesque standards, we
want a man's own “preference”—the word
in its present sense is taken from Paul
Escombe — which will give us a fresh view
of some known and loved book or a revelation
of an unknown beauty.
Eugène Demolder is not a famous author,
and “La Route d’Emeraude” is about as old-
fashioned to a Parisian as “John Inglesant”
is to us. Yet that was the book which gave
back to me something of lost peace and beauty
during my first laborious weeks of soldiering
— that tedious, awful process known as
“breaking in” a recruit.
It was so hard to decide what to take when
there were so many one wanted to take and
so few allowed It was desperately sad to
put away one's choice Aldine's, with their
white crisp paper and running type, one's
“Griffin” classics and Plantine and Venetian
and Florentine books — that Boetius picked
up for a soldo outside Santa Maria Novella,
that massive unreadable folio lugged home in
dust and sweat from the East End of London,
but precious because a “Froben of Basle” not
in the British Museum ! And still harder to
leave that neat little Heine one was just
beginning to understand and love, and last
month's new books from London and Paris —
pages uncut which perhaps some less loving
fingers would tear, all the treasures of the
book-maniac, which seem so trivial to Army
Councils and Sergeant Majors but which have
This article was written for THE DIAL by Mr. Aldington
during a “few hours week-end leave" from the British
camp where he is in training for service at the front.—
The Editor.


44% THE
DIAL [November 30
outlººd * *aſuor and wouge and violence
ºf w wavy ºuries,
ſ ºwe for a y books the poems of Catullus
aud Merrick; a friend who joined with me
wk &azępeare, Anatole France's “Crime
de 8//weatre ºard,” and (to read in the
train, Jºaºlder’s “Route d’Emeraude.”
For the first week J forgot utterly and
wºuky that such a thing as a book-out-
side the rºd-wyerºd drill books—ever existed.
Aud ºn ſ determined, in spite of everything,
ºw *h one hour from each day, to taste
the homey of the Museº!
&omehow Herrick was too light and friv-
ºlous, with his rose-wreaths and “hayre drip-
ping with oyle” and his Antheas and Erinnas
and drooping daffodils, Shakespeare was too
lofty for one's weary, cramped little soul.
The glittering aristocratism of Catullus was
almºst an insult to a humble “foot-slogger,”
und the delicate irony of Anatole France left
one indifferent,
And then, when I was beginning to despair,
ſu, think I had lost all love of books, I took
down “The Pºmerald Way,”
I read and re-read that book with the same
avid, parched eagerness that a servant-maid,
undemned to a lifetime of ignoble and unrec-
ompensed toil, reads of the beautiful curly-
haired Warſ who married the housemaid in
spite of Lady Hybil Vere's intrigues! I
understood what the novelette habit is,
Not that "The Emerald Way" by any wild
stretch of imagination could be called a novel-
elſe, but as I think of it I can recall no other
"image" to express my absorbed interest.
|lour after hour, all day, I tramped a dusty
"square" under a blazing July sun, until my
clothus hung soaked with sweat about me, until
I thought I would scream if this monotonous
torture lasted another minute, Everything
seemed deal, arid, a monstrous insult to one's
intelligence, an insane and perverted rou-
time, , ,
And then, in the evening, when the last
table and not and basin had been scoured and
re avoured, when the last buckle had been
\lished and the last strap greased, I would
slip wit to the baths and come back to my
* lºwevald Way,” refreshed like dusty grass
After a shower,
A would lie on way bed, between X, the
wwwalust, and R, the tailor, and read:
through the window opposite was one plumy
wallow tree, wetwaless in the gold twilight.
And the book I read was perhaps nothing
very great in the annals of literature, as
written by great and eomfortable professors,
but it kept my soul alive. It kept my soul
alive with a thousand pietures, reminding of
one phase and another of life I had quite
forgotten. It gave me pictures of the flat
Dutch lands, with their geometrie dykes and
rows of trees and ceaselessly fleeting sky; it
took me to old Haarlem and to old Amster.
dam and into quaint houses and mills, taverns
and prostitutes’ haunts, fields and dunes and
sea spaces. . .
It was as if I had been allowed each evening
to wander round the Dutch and Flemish
rooms of our National Gallery.
picture gallery in print.
There were pictures of coarse men drunk
to nausea in picturesque taverns by Teniers;
of kermesses by Van Ostade; of the glowing
flesh tints of women's bodies by Rubens; of
melancholy and despised and poor and beau-
tiful people by Rembrandt—always the
figure of Christ standing beside the despised
person; of sleepy cows in sunshine, by Paul
Potter; of neat girls in immaculate kitchens
opening on to tiled and spotless passages, by
Pieter de Hoogh; of merchant ships, hung
with gaudy streamers, becalmed off Rotter-
dam, by van der Cappelle; of portly matrons
and frizzly-haired young ladies in exquisite
satins, yellow and crimson and cobalt, with
frail laces, by Gerard Dow; of wild and
handsome young men, by Franz Hals; and
of dozens more, by Breughel and Jordaens
and Cuyp.
Yes, “The Emerald Way” is not, perhaps,
great literature, but it gave life and hope
and refreshment to one weary, thirsty, timid
soul!
It was a
RICHARD ALDINGTON.
CASUAL COMMENT.
AN Fortonial writeR on “Collier's”
believes that he has found in THE DIAL a hint
of obscurantism. He expostulates with us
gently for a supposed prejudice against free
verse and pleads for a greater catholicity:
For our part, we enjoyed the exhortation and
find ourselves in agreement with the exhorter,
but we are totally at a loss to understand why
we should have served as a text for such a
sermon. If the editorial writer will follow
The Dual with a care which it will try to


1916]
449
THE DIAL
justify, he will find there opinions of the
greatest variety, even about the merits of free
verse; he will find, too, that some of those
opinions have been contributed by such well-
known opponents of free verse as Mr. Richard
Aldington and Miss Amy Lowell. If there
seems to be conflict, so much the better; THE
DIAL believes that conflict is stimulating and
is quite willing to leave easy judgments as to
what is or is not true poetry to the pundits
who have been able to find or to borrow a
touchstone. In the meantime, having no such
infallible mineral at hand, THE DIAL will try
to reflect the best contemporary opinions
available; it will not expect its contributors
to divine and express the opinions of the
editors, however weighty it may privately
hold those notions to be.
ONE OF THE FIRST SLAVIC WRITERS TO BE
READ IN AMERICA, Henryk Sienkiewicz, whose
death in Vevey, Switzerland, has just been
made known, was more famous for one of his
lesser works than for what critics have con-
sidered were his best efforts. To the Amer-
ican popular mind Sienkiewicz is represented
by “Quo Vadis”; whereas, in his native
Poland, in Russia, in most of Europe, his
novels dealing with the Polish-Cossack-Tatar
conflicts of the fifteenth century are conceded
to be among the most brilliant examples of
modern historical novels. Of an ancient
Lithuanian family that had removed to
Poland because of the Russian wars, Henryk
Sienkiewicz was born in Wola Okrzejska,
Government of Siedlce, in 1846. After
attending the Realgymnasium and University
of Warsaw, he made his literary debut in 1872
with the humorous story, “Nobody Is a
Prophet in His Own Country.” In 1876
he came to the United States, confining his
visit for the most part to the Polish colony
which the Modjeskis had just founded on the
Californian coast. At this time, under the
pseudonym “Litwos,” he wrote a series of
letters to the “Polish Gazette” of Warsaw
describing his impressions of America and its
people. These letters did much to establish
his fame at home. The drama “On a Card”
(1879) and the stories “Hanja” and “Yanko
the Musician” increased his popularity. In
1880 appeared his first historical novel, “The
Tatar Bondage,” and in 1884 he completed
the first of his great trilogy, “With Fire and
Sword,” which was followed in 1886 by “The
Deluge,” and in 1888 by “Pan Michael.” In
America he had met the great linguist,
Jeremiah Curtin, and him Sienkiewicz author-
ized to translate the trilogy into English. The
translations were excellent and were featured
by the American publishers. They attained
a certain vogue among a small group of
readers, much as did George Borrow's work
in England, but they never became really
popular. Sienkiewicz felt the influences that
were just beginning to prevail in literature
the world over, and his later novels, “With-
out Dogma” (1890), and “Children of the
Soil” (1894), were pathological and psycho-
logical in nature. In 1895 “Quo Vadis,” a
story of Nero's reign, appeared and was trans-
lated into English. More than a million
copies were sold in the United States.
Sienkiewicz returned to his old subject with
“Knights of the Cross” (1900), and “On the
Field of Glory,” the last book to be trans-
lated by Curtin before his death. Sienkiewicz
was prominent in relief work during the war
and his activity along this line prevented his
finishing another trilogy. His last published
works are: “Whirlpools,” and “In Desert
and Wilderness,” a story of Africa, in which
continent he travelled in 1891. Sienkiewicz
was an honorary member of the Russian
Academy of Science and for many years
edited the periodical “Slowo’’ (The World).
A SPLENDID BEQUEST TO A PUBLIC LIBRARY
comes to notice in the addition of a million
and a half dollars to the resources of the
Providence Public Library through the will
of the late Lyra Brown Nickerson. With so
substantial an endowment a library already
so well supported as that of Providence should
be able to indulge its taste for special depart-
ments and special activities with considerable
freedom. Exactly how the increase in rev-
enue will be used has not yet been decided,
“except that the underlying aim,” it is
announced in the “Quarterly Bulletin” of
the library, “will be to study the needs, inter-
ests, and activities of the local community,
in all their details.” Of the benefactress and
her father we learn from the same source the
following: “Her father, the late Edward I.
Nickerson, was a Trustee of the Library for
thirty years, from 1878 until his death in
1908, and was Secretary from 1884 to 1908
(twenty-four years). After his death, in
1908, his daughter made the Library a gift
of his architectural library, valued at
$5,000.00, and accompanied it with a fiund
of $10,000.00, the annual income of which
is used for additions to the collection. It is
understood that Miss Nickerson, in making
this bequest, was carrying out the beneficent
provisions of her mother's will.”


450
[November 30
THE DIAL
The truth about Shakespeare lies so deep
down, as Democritus said of truth in general,
that one despairs of ever bringing it up into
the clear light of day. "Others abide our
question. Thou art free." Nevertheless there
are not wanting patient delvers who count a
year of research well spent if it adds but a
single item to our meagre store of knowledge
about the man Shakespeare. Among these
devoted toilers none deserves warmer praise
than Professor Charles William Wallace, of
the University of Nebraska, who, with his
hardly less devoted wife, has for years been
engaged in exploring the archives of England
in quest of documents relating to England's
foremost poet. More than five million original
records, as the authoritative "Who's Who"
tells us, have been examined in this tremen-
dous labor of disinterested scholarship by
Mr. and Mrs. Wallace. A very cursory exam-
ination in most instances it must have been;
yet many references to Shakespeare were dis-
covered, and more are confidently hoped for.
But before finishing his self-imposed task and
publishing his findings to the world, Professor
Wallace has consented to give in the form of
lectures, to be delivered in this country, a
foretaste of what is to come. The closing
weeks of this Shakespeare tercentenary year
and the opening months of the year following
will be devoted to the proposed American
lecture tour by this enthusiastic Shakespear-
ean, who has already given abundant proof,
in printed form, of his ability to enliven and
enrich his chosen theme.
Books for the shut-in should, of course,
be of a nature to counteract the depressing
and repressing influences of the reader's nar-
row quarters. When the shut-in person finds
himself or herself separated from the outside
world by barred windows, iron doors, and
stone walls, the mind seeks the freedom to be
found in the limitless land of make-believe.
A recent "List of Books for Prison Libraries,"
prepared by the New York State Library, is
devoted wholly to fiction, other classes of lit-
erature being reserved for future treatment.
It is a good selection of wholesome tales and
novels, such as anyone, bound or free, ought to
enjoy. But if one glances over the titles in
the imagined character of a convict, a few
names will be found that may convey a
humorous or whimsical suggestion. Would
the average inmate of a penal institution be
attracted or repelled by the title of Anthony
Hope's most famous romance? Would he or
would he not feel moved to read E. P.
Pollard's "Liberty or Death"? And the next
book, "Pollyanna"—would the resolutely
cheerful heroine succeed in making him join
in the "glad game" of finding something to
be glad about in any and all circumstances,
including incarceration? What would be the
emotions excited by the title, "Living with-
out a Boss"! Would "Christopher Hibbault,
Roadmaker," appeal to the members of a gang
breaking stones on the highway and clad in
horizontally-striped apparel t Well, these are
perhaps only idle questions.
English misconceptions op American
usage have generated both amusement and
wrath from the time of Mrs. Trollope and
Dickens down to the latest Londoner who
takes passage for New York, races westward
as far as Chicago, and then goes home and
writes us up. Here is an English writer's
representation of American book-advertising
methods (from a late issue of "M. A. B."):
"A perusal of the following advertisement by
an American publishing house shows at a
glance how behindhand English publishers
are in their methods of advertising: "The
Story with the Punch! The Real Goods! The
Hot Stuff! All Pep from the Word Go!"
Much more follows, emphasized to the eye
with various devices known to the printer,
but too glaring for this modest page. Some
of the words, however, may be given, in print
of decorous dimensions. For example: "A
Frontier Classic! The Real Goods! Written
by a Master Hand. No mush, slush, or trash,
but a stirring truthful record of the great
cattle wars of the early 90's. Everything
clicks like a Colt 38! Makes the European
war seem tame and life in the trenches a
pastoral of peace in comparison. All Aboard
for the Wild and Woolly West! The Book
You Need! The Book You Must Have! Buy
It Now!!!" No title is given, and the author's
name is represented by a dash. These omis-
sions, with other particulars too obvious to
mention, arouse suspicion as to the genuine-
ness of this "advertisement by an American
publishing house." But if it amuses the Eng-
lish reader in these dolorous times, why
should we fret?
Why is a book-review? This question has
been asked by many readers and many writers,
many book-buyers and many booksellers; and
the answer has more than once been briefly
given in some such terms as these: A book-
review, if worthy of the name, is designed to
tell what the book is about, its merits and
defects, and its proper place in its class.
Some would insist, and librarians often do


1916]
451
THE DIAL
insist, that the book's more material qualities
should also be appraised. In an article enti-
tled "The Failure of Book Reviewing,"
included in Mr. John Cotton Dana's lately
published "Libraries: Addresses and Essays,"
he complains that reviewers, in discussing a
book, "withhold information as to the paper
on which it is printed, whether it is cheap
wood pulp which will not stand three weeks'
honest wear, or heavily coated with clay, and
therefore helpless against even the quiet turn-
ing of its leaves, or made on honor and
planned for a decent lifetime of usefulness.
They do not tell us if it is bound in a thorough,
workmanlike way, or is thrown together with
just enough glue to keep it in shape until it
is sold. The type, the ink, the index, the
margins, the page illustrations — these things
they say nothing about. And to the library
they are very important, and especially to the
expense side of its accounts in new copies,
repairs and binding." These are hints that
deserve some heed on the part of the reviewer
who would justify his ways to men.
A STIMULANT TO THE READING HABIT IS
unquestionably found in the enforced leisure
of an involuntary sojourn within the walls of
a reformatory or prison or other house of
detention for the mentally, morally, or phys-
ically defective. At the recent National
Conference of Charities and Correction, in
Indianapolis, there were presented certain
statistics of significance, from which it ap-
pears that the average public library's book
circulation is less than half of that reported
by the average prison or similar institution.
The figures deal with the number of times
each volume in the collection is drawn by a
reader, and the number of volumes read in
one year by the average reader. If a public
library has an annual circulation amounting
to three issues for each volume in its collec-
tion, and to fifteen volumes a year for each
registered card-holder, it is enjoying an aver-
age activity; but a house of detention com-
monly shows double this interest in books if it
has a well-selected and well-managed library.
Perhaps these statements are based on data
not comprehensive enough for the most trust-
worthy generalization, but it is interesting to
note the appreciation shown for wholesome
literature by the unfortunate victims of un-
wholesome influences and predispositions.
This fact may be brought to notice without
serving as an incentive to qualify for admis-
sion into the :till air of delightful studies
behind iron bars.
Magazine verse op 1916 shows that our
poets have not been content with marking
time: they have been pushing forward, though
the conservatives, the traditionalists, among
their critics might not regard this forward
movement as at the same time an upward
movement. In his yearly review of our
periodical poetry Mr. William Stanley Braith-
waite writes, in the Boston "Transcript," that
"the whole average of the magazine poetry of
the year is higher," and further: "I have
found in my examination of the magazines of
the past year that a freer movement has taken
place all through our poetry. There is less
of the strict conventional regularity, which
does not mean that the traditional patterns
of verse have been abandoned, but that the
poets are using rhythm with more flexibility."
Some inscrutable connection he believes to
exist between war and literary productivity,
and he cites the literary epoch of Cooper and
Irving as belonging to the Revolution, that
of Emerson and Longfellow as synchronizing
with the Civil War. An unmistakable influ-
ence, whether good or bad, war must exert
upon literature; but both Cooper and Irving
were born after the close of our revolutionary
conflict and wrote their books in a time of
peace; and Emerson and Longfellow had
given ample proofs of their genius years
before the rupture between North and South.
Mr. Braithwaite's yearly anthology of the
verse here referred to is announced for
November publication. Though marked with
the year 1916, it can, of course, take no
account of the last two months of the year.
As usual, he prints a number of the choicer
poems in connection with his newspaper
review; and it is significant that, of the five
thus distinguished, only one, the last, is
regular in rhythm and faultless in rhyme.
COMMUNICATIONS.
COLLEGE AND CONVERSATION.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
Bring together a group of college men, gradu-
ates of the same institution but not close friends
there, and what do they talk about? The same
things as the Tired Business Man of theatrical dis-
repute: sport or women, business or politics in the
littlest possible sense of the word. They share no
intellectual interests—unless, perchance, they hap-
pen to be victims of the same profession, in which
case their common interest lies in the law, or in
medicine, or some such fascination. With the
extension of the elective system at American col-
leges, there has come into being a generation of
college graduates who are as likely as not to be


452 THE
DIAL [November 30
equally ignorant of the classics and of mathematics
beyond algebra and plane geometry; who have
little or no concept of the rudiments of any science
—but who have, it may be, concentrated upon
some embryonic subject, like the “science” of
economics: a branch described by highbrows as of
dubious cultural value and profanely mentioned by
such lowbrows as the business men who earn their
own livings as being of equally negative practical
worth to anyone except future teachers of the same
“science” in some quite unpractical university.
What has set me off, indeed, on these somewhat
fulminant vaporings, is a certain article by Presi-
dent Lowell of Harvard. President Lowell has in
the past reacted most admirably against such
exploded (or exploding) educational theories as
Dr. Eliot's thought that it does n't matter at all
what or by what plan an immature “student” shapes
the foundations of his intellectual life. And yet
in a most respected review the always respectable
President Lowell, writing of “Culture,” falls a vic-
time to the old, easy-going, all-too-familiar opti-
mism that is the intellectual curse of our United
States. It would not do to say it out loud that
a large proportion of our college graduates are
unlettered, unlicked cubs, with little to distinguish
them from the Arrow-Collar boys of the street car
advertisements save a certain social assurance bred
of expensive associations. Hence we have this
sort of thing from President Lowell:
Culture . . does not mean the possession of a
body of knowledge common to all educated men, for
there is no such thing today. It denotes rather an
attitude of mind than a specific amount of informa-
tion. It implies enjoyment of things that the world
has agreed are beautiful; interest in the knowledge
that mankind has found valuable; comprehension of
the principles that the race has accepted as true.
Part of this is truism and the rest of it — but
no, I must not use that word here. “A country
without conversation,” was a philosopher's word-
picture of America, painted for Rupert Brooke
when that fiery young poet set out on his world-
travels, something more than two years since. And
that is a pretty comprehensive damnation of us
and our civilization, if we accept Samuel Johnson's
dictum that “The ends of education are three: to
develop the moral nature, to train the judgment,
and to furnish material for conversation.” Presi-
dent Lowell, for his part, confesses that the reason
“so large a part of general conversation in America
relates to the weather, to politics, and to sport, is
not so much because these things are intrinsically
more interesting or valuable than in other coun-
tries, as because they are among the few subjects
that everyone is familiar with and can talk about.”
This describes most college men as well as most
self-made merchants. We have evolved that comic
terror, the newspaper interview, but we have lost
the knack of conversation — if we ever had it.
And mere questions and answers never did make
conversation. “Questioning,” said Dr. Johnson
again, “is not the mode of conversation among
gentlemen.” Just as we need satire in our litera-
ture — we who have so far developed only two
respectable satirists, James Russell Lowell and
“Mr. Dooley”— we need realism in our criticism,
realism in our approach to practical teaching in
America. With frankness there might be some
hope for us. That is why we need fewer apologies
and an outspoken confession that “culture" (what-
ever it really is) is a state which no American,
except an occasional Bostonian of the flesh or the
spirit, even wants to attain. RENE KELLY.
New York City, November 11, 1916.
THE USE OF “LIKE” AND “AS.”
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In this heroic age of college and university
English “as she is spoke,” when “doctors” who
teach the tongue of Chaucer and Shakespeare “dis-
‘agree” more or less in their practice, happy is the
man who not only “minds his p’s and q's,” but
who equitably adjusts his “woulds” and “shoulds"
to the mood and shade of significance he means—
or should mean. Thrice happy he who can render
“like” and “as” in his parlance with due signifi-
cance and propriety, and never get either askew.
To do this he may have to escape some heredity,
environment, and provincialism perhaps, and to be
on his guard lest even some cheap dictionary
waver from its orthodoxy.
A fine test line for exhibiting the approved
fashion of this usage is the fourth line of
iºning. dashing “Hervé Riel.” The poem opens
thus:
On the sea and at the Hogue, sixteen hundred
ninety-two,
Did the English fight the French,-woe to
France!
And, the thirty-first of May,
through the blue,
Like a crowd of frightened porpoises a shoal of
sharks pursue.
Came crowding ship on ship to Saint Molo
on the Rance,
With the English fleet in view.
On first superficial view it looks for a moment
as if Browning himself had perpetrated the com-
mon slip of making “like” do duty as a conjunc-
tive adverb. But when you reflect, and inquire
whether porpoises are in the habit of pursuing
sharks, or sharks of pursuing porpoises, it soon
comes to light that Browning's structure is
inverted. The sharks are in evident chase; the
rhythmically suppressed “which” before the words
“a shoal of sharks pursue,” emerges to one's sense,
and Browning’s “like” is vindicated as the right—
adjective—kind. If he meant to have had the por-
poises pursue the sharks—an anomaly of nature-
faking or an unheard-of type of some vindic-
tive millennium—he would have said “as,” not
“like.” The sharks are plainly on the war path,
as “the English fight the French” this time.
The only odd quirk about it is that, for rhyme's
sake, the poet must needs utilize “a shoal of
sharks” as a plural noun governing “pursue.”
S. T. KIDDER.
Madison, Wis., November 22, 1916.
helter-skelter


1916] THE
DIAL 453
(The 3Meſa $ooks.
ENGLAND IN SHAKESPEARE’S TIME."
So long ago as 1905, Sir Walter Raleigh,
now Merton Professor of English Literature
in the University of Oxford, sketched the plan
of an encyclopaedic work on the England of
Queen Elizabeth and of King James the First.
In 1909, Sir Sidney Lee undertook its pro-
duction, and arranged for the writing of most
of the treatises, by separate and highly expert
hands. Circumstances prevented him from
completing the work he had thus begun; and
the war delayed the progress of it in other
hands. It has finally been brought to com-
pletion by Mr. C. T. Onions, joint editor of
the “Oxford English Dictionary,” and author
of “The Shakespeare Glossary.” The delays
in the process of its making, rather than
design, have brought it to the light in the ter-
centenary year of Shakespeare's death.
This accident may be held happy. Not only
in bulk, but in both substance and aspect, the
book is monumental. It is admirably printed,
copiously indexed, and contains besides two
frontispieces in photogravure no less than one
hundred and ninety-five illustrations selected
with judgment and well executed. Its thirty
chapters deal with the Age of Elizabeth,
Religion, the Court, the Army, the Navy, Voy-
ages and Explorations, Land Travel, Educa-
tion, Scholarship, Hand-writing, Commerce
and Coinage, Agriculture and Gardening,
Law, Medicine, the Sciences, Folklore and
Superstitions, the Fine Arts, Heraldry, Cos-
tume, the Home, London and the Life of the
Town, Authors and Patrons, Booksellers,
Actors and Acting, the Playhouse, the Masque,
Sports and Pastimes, Rogues and Vagabonds,
Ballads and Broadsides, and Shakespeare's
English. Four of these chapters are subdi-
vided into sections where different phases of
the general subject are treated by separate
experts. Not a line of the whole but is written
by a man who has mastered the topic on which
he writes. Sir John Sandys, for example,
writes on Education and on Scholarship; Pro-
fessor Firth on Ballads and Broadsides; to
mention more names would be either to cata-
logue all or to feel guilty of invidious distinc-
tions. There are few books anywhere more
soundly solid than this; and nothing could be
more fitting than that in the midst of war
* SHAKESPEARE's ENGLAND. An Account of the Life and
Manners of His Age. By thirty-eight collaborators. Edited
by C. T. Onions. In two volumes, illustrated. Oxford
University Press. $10.
and of world-tumult the eldest of English uni-
versities should peacefully celebrate the three-
hundredth anniversary of the greatest of
English poets by giving the world this impres-
sive collection of tributes to his deathless
memory.
For throughout these hundreds of pages
there is hardly one where Shakespeare him-
self does not hover near—not the elusive
man, concerning whom these expert writers
here trouble themselves little, but the poet
whose words have long since become, in their
wisdom and their music alike, no small part
of the spirit of English and indeed of human
posterity. The first of the three indexes which
supplement the book contains twelve three-
column pages of reference to “Passages Cited
from Shakespeare's Works.” Turn to any of
these references at random, and you will
surely feel that it implies in the writer who
made it an understanding at once acute and
sympathetic of the poet; almost always, too,
you will feel a happy surprise in the new
light thrown by the critic's expert knowledge
on some dimming aspect of what words and
the world meant three hundred years ago.
This phase of the book is perhaps its most
commendable feature. You cannot turn its
pages without renewed and growing wonder
at the freshness of perception and of expres-
sion throughout Shakespeare's work. What
seemed conventions or idioms again and again
wake into living realities. Even though some
of these comments and interpretations may
occasionally seem far-fetched or debatable
or indeed mistaken, the hundreds which surely
illuminate make dispute impertinent. Who-
ever, having just read any of Shakespeare's
plays, will have recourse to this index of cited
passages, and compare with the text the com-
ments thus called to his attention, cannot fail
to find radiances of meaning unsuspected
before.
This amounts to saying, and saying cheer-
fully, that the things of value to be found in
these two volumes are countless. And yet it
would be hard to find anywhere an equal num-
ber of pages in total effect more bafflingly
unsatisfactory. From such a purpose as ani-
mates the book one might fairly have expected
at least an approach to a result memorably
definite. There are chapters and books else-
where in existence, though unhappily these
are not many, which you cannot read without
coming to feel and thus deeply to know what
human life was like in other aspects than
those actually about us. Macaulay's chapter


452
[November 30
THE DIAL
equally ignorant of the classics and of mathematics
beyond algebra and plane geometry; who have
little or no concept of the rudiments of any science
— but who have, it may be, concentrated upon
some embryonic subject, like the "science" of
economics: a branch described by highbrows as of
dubious cultural value and profanely mentioned by
such lowbrows as the business men who earn their
own livings as being of equally negative practical
worth to anyone except future teachers of the same
"science" in some quite unpractical university.
What has set me off, indeed, on these somewhat
fulminant vaporings, is a certain article by Presi-
dent Lowell of Harvard. President Lowell has in
the past reacted most admirably against such
exploded (or exploding) educational theories as
Dr. Eliot's thought that it does n't matter at all
what or by what plan an immature "student" shapes
the foundations of his intellectual life. And yet
in a most respected review the always respectable
President Lowell, writing of "Culture," falls a vic-
time to the old, easy-going, all-too-familiar opti-
mism that is the intellectual curse of our United
States. It would not do to say it out loud that
a large proportion of our college graduates are
unlettered, unlicked cubs, with little to distinguish
them from the Arrow-Collar boys of the street car
advertisements save a certain social assurance bred
of expensive associations. Hence we have this
sort of thing from President Lowell:
Culture . . . does not mean the possession of a
body of knowledge common to all educated men, for
there is no such thing today. It denotes rather an
attitude of mind than a specific amount of informa-
tion. It implies enjoyment of things that the world
has agreed are beautiful; interest in the knowledge
that mankind has found valuable; comprehension of
the principles that the race has accepted as true.
Part of this is truism and the rest of it — but
no, I must not use that word here. "A country
without conversation," was a philosopher's word-
picture of America, painted for Rupert Brooke
when that fiery young poet set out on his world-
travels, something more than two years since. And
that is a pretty comprehensive damnation of us
and our civilization, if we accept Samuel Johnson's
dictum that "The ends of education are three: to
develop the moral nature, to train the judgment,
and to furnish material for conversation." Presi-
dent Lowell, for his part, confesses that the reason
"so large a part of general conversation in America
relates to the weather, to politics, and to sport, is
not so much because these things are intrinsically
more interesting or valuable than in other coun-
tries, as because they are among the few subjects
that everyone is familiar with and can talk about."
This describes most college men as well as most
self-made merchants. We have evolved that comic
terror, the newspaper interview, but we have lost
the knack of conversation — if we ever had it.
And mere questions and answers never did make
conversation. "Questioning," said Dr. Johnson
again, "is not the mode of conversation among
gentlemen." Just as we need satire in our litera-
ture — we who have so far developed only two
respectable satirists, James Russell Lowell and
"Mr. Dooley"—we need realism in our criticism,
realism in our approach to practical teaching in
America. With frankness there might be some
hope for us. That is why we need fewer apologies
and an outspoken confession that "culture (what-
ever it really is) is a state which no American,
except an occasional Bostonian of the flesh or the
spirit, even wants to attain. _ _
Rene Kelly.
New York City, November 11, 1916.
THE USE OP "LIKE" AND "AS."
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
In this heroic age of college and university
English "as she is spoke," when "doctors" who
teach the tongue of Chaucer and Shakespeare "dis-
• agree" more or less in their practice, happy is the
man who not only "minds his p's and q's," but
who equitably adjusts his "woulds" and "shoulds"
to the mood and shade of significance he means —
or should mean. Thrice happy he who can render
"like" and "as" in his parlance with due signifi-
cance and propriety, and never get either askew.
To do this he may have to escape some heredity,
environment, and provincialism perhaps, and to be
on his guard lest even some cheap dictionary
waver from its orthodoxy.
A fine test line for exhibiting the approved
fashion of this usage is the fourth line of
Browning's dashing "Herve Riel." The poem opens
thus:
On the sea and at the Hogue, sixteen hundred
ninety-two,
Did the English fight the French,— woe to
France!
And, the thirty-first of May, helter-skelter
through the blue,
Like a crowd of frightened porpoises a shoal of
sharks pursue.
Came crowding ship on ship to Saint Molo
on the Bance,
With the English fleet in view.
On first superficial view it looks for a moment
as if Browning himself had perpetrated the com-
mon slip of making "like" do duty as a conjunc-
tive adverb. But when you reflect, and inquire
whether porpoises are in the habit of pursuing
sharks, or sharks of pursuing porpoises, it soon
comes to light that Browning's structure is
inverted. The sharks are in evident chase; the
rhythmically suppressed "which" before the words
"a shoal of sharks pursue," emerges to one's sense,
and Browning's "like" is vindicated as the right—
adjective—kind. If he meant to have had the por-
poises pursue the sharks — an anomaly of nature-
faking or an unheard-of type of some vindic-
tive millennium—he would have said "as," not
"like." The sharks are plainly on the war path,
as "the English fight the French" this time.
The only odd quirk about it is that, for rhyme's
sake, the poet must needs utilize "a shoal of
sharks" as a plural noun governing "pursue."
S. T. Kidder.
Madison, Wis., November 22, 1916.


1916]
453
THE DIAL
t ^eia Jiooks.
England in Shakespeare's Time.*
So long ago as 1905, Sir Walter Raleigh,
now Merton Professor of English Literature
in the University of Oxford, sketched the plan
of an encyclopedic work on the England of
Queen Elizabeth and of King James the First.
In 1909, Sir Sidney Lee undertook its pro-
duction, and arranged for the writing of most
of the treatises, by separate and highly expert
hands. Circumstances prevented him from
completing the work he had thus begun; and
the war delayed the progress of it in other
hands. It has finally been brought to com-
pletion by Mr. C. T. Onions, joint editor of
the "Oxford English Dictionary," and author
of "The Shakespeare Glossary." The delays
in the process of its making, rather than
design, have brought it to the light in the ter-
centenary year of Shakespeare's death.
This accident may be held happy. Not only
in bulk, but in both substance and aspect, the
book is monumental. It is admirably printed,
copiously indexed, and contains besides two
frontispieces in photogravure no less than one
hundred and ninety-five illustrations selected
with judgment and well executed. Its thirty
chapters deal with the Age of Elizabeth,
Religion, the Court, the Army, the Navy, Voy-
ages and Explorations, Land Travel, Educa-
tion, Scholarship, Hand-writing, Commerce
and Coinage, Agriculture and Gardening,
Law, Medicine, the Sciences, Folklore and
Superstitions, the Fine Arts, Heraldry, Cos-
tume, the Home, London and the Life of the
Town, Authors and Patrons, Booksellers,
Actors and Acting, the Playhouse, the Masque,
Sports and Pastimes, Rogues and Vagabonds,
Ballads and Broadsides, and Shakespeare's
English. Four of these chapters are subdi-
vided into sections where different phases of
the general subject are treated by separate
experts. Not a line of the whole but is written
by a man who has mastered the topic on which
he writes. Sir John Sandys, for example,
writes on Education and on Scholarship; Pro-
fessor Firth on Ballads and Broadsides; to
mention more names would be either to cata-
logue all or to feel guilty of invidious distinc-
tions. There are few books anywhere more
soundly solid than this; and nothing could be
more fitting than that in the midst of war
• Shakespeare's England. An Account of the Life and
Manners of His Age. By thirty-eight collaborators. Edited
by C. T. Onions. In two volumes, illustrated. Oxford
University Press. $10.
and of world-tumult the eldest of English uni-
versities should peacefully celebrate the three-
hundredth anniversary of the greatest of
English poets by giving the world this impres-
sive collection of tributes to his deathless
memory.
For throughout these hundreds of pages
there is hardly one where Shakespeare him-
self does not hover near — not the elusive
man, concerning whom these expert writers
here trouble themselves little, but the poet
whose words have long since become, in their
wisdom and their music alike, no small part
of the spirit of English and indeed of human
posterity. The first of the three indexes which
supplement the book contains twelve three-
column pages of reference to "Passages Cited
from Shakespeare's Works." Turn to any of
these references at random, and you will
surely feel that it implies in the writer who
made it an understanding at once acute and
sympathetic of the poet; almost always, too,
you will feel a happy surprise in the new
light thrown by the critic's expert knowledge
on some dimming aspect of what words and
the world meant three hundred years ago.
This phase of the book is perhaps its most
commendable feature. You cannot turn its
pages without renewed and growing wonder
at the freshness of perception and of expres-
sion throughout Shakespeare's work. What
seemed conventions or idioms again and again
wake into living realities. Even though some
of these comments and interpretations may
occasionally seem far-fetched or debatable
or indeed mistaken, the hundreds which surely
illuminate make dispute impertinent. Who-
ever, having just read any of Shakespeare's
plays, will have recourse to this index of cited
passages, and compare with the text the com-
ments thus called to his attention, cannot fail
to find radiances of meaning unsuspected
before.
This amounts to saying, and saying cheer-
fully, that the things of value to be found in
these two volumes are countless. And yet it
would be hard to find anywhere an equal num-
ber of pages in total effect more bafflingly
unsatisfactory. From such a purpose as ani-
mates the book one might fairly have expected
at least an approach to a result memorably
definite. There are chapters and books else-
where in existence, though unhappily these
are not many, which you cannot read without
coming to feel and thus deeply to know what
human life was like in other aspects than
those actually about us. Macaulay's chapter


454
[November 30
THE DIAL
on England in 1685, for example, or the
opening and the closing passages of Henry
Adams's "History of the United States," or
Taine's "Old Regime," or Adams's incom-
parable "Mont St. Michel and Chartres," may
perhaps be variously accurate in detail; all
alike — and any of us can doubtless think of
other names to add to the list — leave one
enlightened as one might be by eager travel;
and it is only by means of books that one can
travel in time as distinguished from space.
There is no past time wherein English-speak-
ing folks would more gladly travel than in
the England of Shakespeare. His epoch was
probably the most enduringly memorable of
all English history, for England was then
freshest in sense of national consciousness and
most vigorously beginning her course toward
that empire which has so long outstretched
the sunset. There have rarely been guides
more trained to lead us in these paths of
olden time than the writers of this book on
Shakespeare's England. Yet somehow they
seem to take impish delight in leading us
nowhere, unless it be to the heart of mists,
blinding in kaleidoscopic and inconsequent
detail.
To have stated at full length, a little while
ago, the thirty headings of the Table of Con-
tents of the two volumes may perhaps have
seemed wanton. Turn back to it, if you will,
and see whether by any stretch of imagination
you can decide why these separate topics
should be arranged in this order rather than
in any other. Unless you habitually resent
the notion that there is a place for anything,
and that those who handle things for us ought
so far as they can to put them somewhere near
where they belong, you can hardly avoid the
sad impression that whoever put this book
together permitted himself, at least in the
matter of chapters, the luxurious assumption
that nothing really belongs anywhere. What
thus appears in the Table of Contents seems
to have pervaded the whole work of the
editors, if not of the writers themselves. To
all appearances, the editors of the volumes
have been conscientious; one may assume that
they have carefully scrutinized every line of
the texts submitted to them for publication,
and that they have probably held strenuously
to their privilege of pruning the style of their
contributors, according to their own taste or
needs. Otherwise the style of the whole vol-
uminous work could hardly have achieved its
hapless uniformity. For just as the chapters
seem thrown together anyhow in the book, so
do the paragraphs in the chapters, the sen-
tences in the paragraphs, and very often the
words in the sentences. The result is as if
these skilful gamesters had shuffled to their
utmost the numberless cards of their wit and
wisdom, leaving the reader to do with them
what he may, if he be blessed with the virtue
of patience.
So, once for all, this is a book not to read,
but to consult. Its merits, like those of almost
any cooperative work, are rather encyclopaedic
than literary or historical. You may go to it
confidently for information to think with, but
you will find little help toward the processes
of your thought. Its general want of system
is therefore troublesome. An encyclopaedic
work composed according to some logical plan
may look confusing but prove methodical. An
encyclopaedic work arranged alphabetically is
certainly methodical, in a mechanical way,
though—like the "Encyclopaedia Britannica"
— it may need an index to complete its use-
fulness. Sometimes, indeed, an encyclopaedic
work alphabetically arranged may prove to
have a readable and comprehensible unity of
its own, as is the case with Chamberlain's
"Things Japanese." But such an encyclopae-
dic work as this "Shakespeare's England" is
like what the "Encyclopaedia Britannica"
might be if the separate articles were
arranged not in alphabetic order but just as
they might happen to be handed in or to fit
the conveniences of typesetting.
Happily, as has been said, there are copious
indexes. At the end of each chapter, too,
you will find a short bibliography of the sub-
ject there dealt with; and the clearly printed
pages are thus pleasantly freed from the dis-
tracting, cumbrous, and ugly presence of all
but essential footnotes. Whoever cares for
his Shakespeare will be glad to have this treas-
ury of Shakespeare's surroundings among the
books on his most accessible shelves. Unless,
however, he be angelically free from human
infirmities of temper he will often feel less
than due gratitude to the editors and the
writers who have placed their treasures at his
disposal. For he can hardly avoid incessant
and increasing wonder why men who have
been willing to take such faithful pains as
this book must have involved were not willing
to take the not excessive extra pains needed
to make their work systematic. What systems
may ever emerge from this chaos must be con-
structed by each reader for himself. Most,
and perhaps all, will rest as content as may
be with what help the indexes may afford
them. Barrett Wendell.


1916]
455
THE DIAL
An Americas Poet and Editok. *
In this cursory day the old familiar title,
"Life and Letters," has given way to "Let-
ters" tout court; the "Life" itself is assumed,
implied, insinuated. Thus with Miss Gilder's
volume about her father, Richard Watson
Gilder, the late well-beloved editor of "The
Century." The documents themselves tell
all that need be known regarding his career,
his ideals, his friends, his activities.
As "documents," however, most of Gilder's
own letters might not carry far. Those who
were in the habit of receiving them know too
well what they, commonly were — hurried
mazes of scolloped convolutions, brief impet-
uosities from a generalissimo in the midst of
an exacting campaign. But occasionally he
found time to write at greater length; then,
too, his editor draws upon a journal, upon a
sketch by himself of his childhood, and upon
the letters that poured in on him from a
wide, varied, and interesting circle of friends.
It is quite apparent that Gilder himself,
and his family with him, favored the view
that he was primarily a poet. The publica-
tion of his first volume of verse, the love-
sonnets of "The New Day," in 1873, was an
immense event for the family about to be;
scarcely less so, the entry of his complete
poems, in 1908, into the "Household Edition"
of the poets. In 1890 he says: "I am writing
verse all the time and have a whole drawerful
of unpublished poetry, if poetry it may be."
In 1905 he enumerates for a friend his
various college degrees and other dignities
attained; yet he adds: "If you will state on
positive evidence that I am a poet, I would
rather that than all the rest put together."
But it was not as a poet that, during a
sharp campaign against Tammany, he
addressed casual curbstoners from the tail-
end of a truck. It was rather as the moralist
and publicist, one in whom an intense indigna-
tion and a high eagerness for civic righteous-
ness had clouded for the moment his choice
of means. Other public services were per-
formed with a clearer realization of the fact
that, for minds and natures of a certain type,
influence by secondary impact offers the most
hopeful course. On some such basis Gilder
promoted civil service reform, served effi-
ciently on a tenement-house commission, sup-
ported his friend Cleveland for the
presidency, and championed Hughes for
governor against Hearst in the stirring cam-
paign of 1906. In this last effort he did not
escape without a few disfiguring touches from
* Letters or Richard Watson Gilder. Edited by
Rosamond Gilder. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.60.
"yellow" chivalry. But long before this he
had acknowledged a sensitiveness to the
"ridicule attaching to a literary man's inter-
est in public affairs in this country"— fear-
ing, consequently, to injure any cause in the
service of which he might be drafted. A
singular phase of life, and one unique in
civilized lands.
Yet the American public will probably per-
sist in regarding Gilder almost wholly as an
editor. As such, he was actuated from the
start by lofty principles and by a full deter-
mination to lead his following toward the
best. He showed his quality and his char-
acter when but a subordinate of Dr.
Holland's on the old"Scribner's,"by objecting
to one reputable and approved habit of that
day: the printing among regular contribu-
tions of articles which were practically adver-
tisements and paid for as such. His chief
stoutly maintained that every one of these
articles was based squarely on merits that
justified praise; yet Gilder carried his point,
and magazine morality advanced a peg.
Later on, as the controlling hand of a great
organ, he spread his exacting but generous
principles over the whole magazine field.
"He never dealt," his daughter well says,
"with one's literary products merely as wares
for the market"; his concern was with "their
source, the author, and with his pages as
things still hopefully in the making." Hav-
ing reached good results over the right road,
he could not but take a fine and sensitive pride
in his own activities, could not but indulge
a ceaseless care for the standards of the
magazine, "the Soul of which is, in a way,
my Soul, which I don't want to see damned
in this world or the next." In time he had
to face the problem of "changing conditions."
He saw, as early as 1896, the coming of a
different day: "the vulgarizing of everything
in life and letters and politics and religion
. . . sickens the soul." Yet he stood
ready, as ever, to fight for "the permanent
forces of good" and "the current triumphs of
decency," refusing to be counted as "an old
horse, too cranky to learn new tricks." The
War Series and the "Life of Lincoln" were
now far in the past. Far behind, too, the
day when he had written: "I would rather
have one article by Grant on a battle won by
him . . . than twenty articles by Daudet on
Mistral,"—however much he might like
Provence. Better far the heroic events told
by the hero of them; nor must "literature
and art make dilettanti of us!"
Here we have, unmistakably, the essential
lineaments of the editor and the man; as an


456
[November 30
THE DIAL
editor, one of the last and best of the type.
An editor indeed: no quavering clerk or
secretary, on the one hand; no hard, brusque
accomplice of the counting-room, on the other;
but a vigorous, self-confident, self-directing
personality with full command of impressive
means, firmly resolved to use his instrument
for the best good of his day and people, and
daring to please himself as a prime means
of pleasing others; least of all a tempter and
a tyrant intent upon perverting and outrag-
ing youthful talents for the sake of immediate
gains. He encouraged new writers to give
forth their best, not their worst; he was glad
to see them further strengthened by the right
exercise of their strength, and held no slight-
est thought of "realizing" on them as quickly
as might be, while heedless of their future
good name as artists and as men.
The volume reconstructs for us the circle
which the Gilders drew around themselves
during the last years of the last century.
This is a period not quite far enough away
to take on any glamour of the historic, and
not quite near enough to link up with the
skittish and equivocal activities of the present.
It deals with the days when Grover Cleveland
wintered commandingly at Washington and
summered as a neighbor of the Gilders at
Buzzard's Bay; the days when Joseph
Jefferson was still a figure, when Saint:
Gaudens was climbing the upward slope, when
Paderewski and Modjeska were dawning on
America; the days of the picturesque stable
in East Fifteenth Street and of the statelier
home in Clinton Place. These days of public
domesticity, or of private prominence, are
touched upon with a fond discretion by the
daughter of the house, and they epitomize in
pleasant fashion the time and town wherein
a sincere and enthusiastic man was able, by
virtue of his combined character and metier,
to employ a diversity of fine elements for per-
sonal delectation and public advantage.
Henry B. Fuller.
The Primer of German Conquest.
Treitschke is perhaps the most famous of
the three historians of the Prussian School
who set out in the latter part of the nineteenth
century to make of history an exercise in
patriotism. Certainly he surpasses both von
Sybel and Droysen in the popularity he has
• Politics. By Heinrich von Treitschke; translated from
the German by Blanche Dugdale and Torben de Bille; with
an Introduction by the Rt. Hon. Arthur James Balfour,
M.A., and a Foreword by A. Lawrence Lowell. In two
volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co. $7.
attained. He wrote his history with a superb
sense of the picturesque. He had a veritable
genius for narration. Only Carlyle has
equalled, and perhaps only Michelet has sur-
passed, his amazing instinct for historical
portraiture. He wrote with a pen of flame;
and he made the time of which he wrote
point a striking lesson to the time in which
he lived. His book was itself a conflict; and
the "Politics" is no more than the moral
pendant to the earlier tale.
It is a valuable addition to political liter-
ature that is made in this excellent transla-
tion. It will serve a doubly useful purpose.
It will dissipate that pretty, piece of mytho-
poiesis which made some men fear that
Treitschke was in truth a great political
thinker. It serves also to make us understand
something of the appeal his book has made
to his fellow-countrymen. Political Science
has rarely undergone so elaborate and vicious
a simplification as here. The thesis of the
book is clear enough. It announces with an
easy flourish that the Germans are the chosen
people; and it urges them to beget power
unto themselves that they may thereby the
better justify the ways of God to man. Thus
baldly stated, it is perhaps not difficult to
realize why such an attitude should, on the
whole, have failed to secure any widespread
popularity. It is an attitude which calls for
what Matthew Arnold once happily termed
"universal ejaculation." But the book was
taken seriously in its original form. It
became the catechism of the youthful soldiers
who felt that the winning of one's spurs can
best be accomplished on the battlefield.
Treitschke wrote vigorously and eloquently.
He believed wholeheartedly the doctrine that
he preached. His own fanatic sincerity
seemed of itself to carry conviction to his
hearers. As a book it was eminently readable,
even though it was full of curious inaccuracies
and passionate misunderstandings. For
Treitschke, whatever he was, was not a
scholar. He had no idea of handling evidence.
He was not in the least careful of truth. He
had a gospel to proclaim, and his books were
to him as missionaries which set forth the
cherished word.
History to him was the vehicle of political
opinion, and it was to convince his country-
men that the "Politics" was written. It was
perhaps the logical result of the atmosphere
of his time. First in war, preeminent in
scholarship, the leader of the world in the
musical arts, with a growing commerce and
an expanding population, it was not difficult


1916]
457
THE DIAL
to be convinced that Germany had a great
mission to achieve. And it was significant
that she had attained that position by a strik-
ing unification. She had consolidated her
power by the expulsion of alien elements
from the body politic. She had been dosed
with blood and iron that she might accom-
plish that destiny. She had vanquished
Austria. France lay almost stricken at her
feet. If vague fears might be cherished of
Russia, the colossus seemed hardly yet to
bestir herself in her sleep. The Papacy,
indeed, was dangerous; and Treitschke
heartily sympathized with Bismarck when
he set out on that journey which took a Ger-
man prince a second time to Canossa. Unity
was strength; and the secret of unity was
absorptiveness. If that was to be attained
Germany must dominate Europe, and remove
from the field all chance of rivalry. It was
England alone she had to fear. England
was the mistress of hypocrisy, a nation sunk
in the degradation of a pitiful materialism.
A civilization she did not possess. Her
leadership of the nations was negatived by
her intellectual sterility. She must be
deprived of her commanding position. It is
Germany alone which is fitted, alike by char-
acter and by genius, to assume the task
England has so unworthily fulfilled.
As Machiavelli in the "Prince" wrote a
text-book of Italian freedom, so does
Treitschke's "Politics" constitute the alpha-
bet of German conquest. It is a vivid por-
trayal of method. The object of politics is
power, and all things are right if they but
serve that end. For power only is good where
men seek after no other possession. The one
object of the State must be expansion. To
be small is to be contemptible, and to be
contemptible is to be comic. The good
Treitschke can barely restrain his laughter as
he thinks of small nations like Belgium and
parsimonious tongues like the Dutch. Growth
is the test of worth, and if our neighbor's
elbow seems inconvenient, forthwith let us
draw our sword. There is to him a virtue in
war which makes it partake of the divine. It
steels the heart of a nation, breeds in it endur-
ance, obedience, courage; and it hastens the
best of action. The criterion of good thus
becomes survival, and competition the law of
life. We have a continuous struggle of
nations in which the battle is ever to the
strongest. So that, in such analysis, treaties
are but inconveniences the statesman will toss
lightly from his path. Obligation is a snare,
and honor the apple by which the weaker
Eve would tempt the strong Adam of the
German nation. For such wanton childishness
no practical statesman will have patience.
His business is to succeed, and he will absorb
his methods in his end. A fine Hegelianism,
which makes morality the servant of his pur-
pose, a sword to destroy rather than to judge!
These to him are the great truths of politics,
and these Germany alone seems able to per-
ceive. So that her destiny it is to enweave them
into the fabric of her civilization that they
may be the instruments of her national life.
She will utilize them that she may prosper;
for with her prosperity will come the posses-
sion of power. Thus will she attain the good
in life. She will cease to be swayed by petty
and individual considerations. The parts of
the State will be swept in one vast glance into
its vortex, and the fulness of its life will be
the measure of their happiness. They will be
its slaves that they may have the joyous
recognition of its mastery over other slaves.
It has an ugly flavor about it, and there are
not wanting signs that on occasion Treitschke
himself shrank not a little from its raucous
cynicism. True, it may be that on Rhine and
Vistula Germany must keep her legions that
she may maintain in safety the integrity of
her national life. But a political theory
must be tested by its fruits, and there will be
few found to deny that the history of this
is written in letters of fire and blood. It
goes back to the beast in man. It has in it
the spirit of a cunning and ruthless paganism.
It makes entire abstraction of the facts that
have made for progress in modern times. It
chooses to forget that if this is a world in
which we have to die, it is a world in which
we have also to live. Homo homini lupus; but
we look forward rather than to the past. The
teaching of Treitschke has found its natural
function, and we do not honor him for its
accomplishment. It is well that we should
have the means of its acquaintance. It is the
first step in the evolution of a moral policy to
have rejected it. Brilliantly and with a fine
show of practicability it may have been
expounded. It may vaunt itself proudly as a
creed for men. But a philosophy which sets
out by rejecting humanity can hardly com-
mand acceptance from human beings.
Rather shall we regret that so brilliant an
intelligence should have been devoted to the
construction of so vicious an aspiration.
Harold J. Laski.


458
[November 30
THE DIAL
IRELAND, 1916.
The Irish people have suffered more than
almost any other from the misrepresentations
of the popular proverb, and the multifarious
and amazing development of their literature
during the last twenty years has bewildered
Americans by its revelations of a reality all
the stranger because the Irish have been so
much a part of our own social family. One
of the conventions about Irishmen has been
that if by chance they found themselves in
agreement they would immediately make
their agreement itself a cause for new differ-
ences.
Whoever imagines that in holding this
belief he is anywhere near the truth ought to
stop reading the newspapers and glance at
one or two of the books listed below, chosen
almost at random from the dozen or so that
suggest that Ireland this autumn has become
a sort of obsession with American publishers.
Widely different in theme, treatment, and
authorship, all these books testify to a new
congruity in Irish life, the result of an all
but fully developed national consciousness.
Mr. Ervine writes:
In every nation, there is a smother of activities
that seem aimless and confused to the careless
beholder, but somewhere in the midst of them, clear-
eyed, cool-brained workers are guiding the chaos
toward coherence. In little country towns and remote
villages in Ireland there are young men inspired by
Sir Horace Plunkett and M who are formulating
a synthesis of Irish life. They are few in number
now and, for many reasons, not fully articulate, but
they will grow in strength and power. They have
done with old angers and ancient rages and the bit-
ter wrangling of semi-dotards, nor have they any
interest in internecine quarrels, the differences
between Catholic and Protestant, Orangeman and
ancient Hibernian. They are bored by 'the sor-
rows of Ireland'; they do not desire ever again to
hear of the horrors of the Great Famine or of any
famine, for they are resolved that, so far as is
humanly possible, Ireland shall know no more famine.
They are tired to death of rhetoricians such as Mr.
John Redmond; they are sick of oratory and Irish-
Americans and Curse-the-Pope-put-your-fut-in-his-
belly Orangemen; and above all they are tired of
Ireland in the part of Lazarus whining for crumbs
from England's table. . . A mollycoddled Ireland,
to them, is an abomination; but an Ireland which
has risen in agony and bloody sweat to the realization
of a great destiny is to them a beautiful land, com-
manding and receiving all their services.
This passage, be it noted, occurs in the
middle of a book written by an Ulsterman
* Literature in Ireland. By Thomas MacDonagh. New
York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2.75.
Ireland's Literary Renaissance. By Ernest A. Boyd.
New York: John Lane Co. $2.60.
The Insurrection in Dublin. By James Stephens. New
York: MacmiUan Co. $1.26.
The Irish Rebellion of 1916 and Its Martyrs. By
Padraic Colum and others. Edited by Maurice Joy. New
York: Devin-Adair Co. $2.60.
Sir Edward Carson and the Ulster Movement. By St.
John G. Ervine. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.
and bearing the title "Sir Edward Carson
and the Ulster Movement," and it is char-
acteristic that Carson himself occupies less
than a dozen pages of the book, just enough to
prove him, in Mr. Ervine's phrase, "the last
comic Irishman." Mr. Ervine, in fact, quite
frankly says that men like Carson and
Redmond are of little importance in Ireland
and that they and their like must perish if
Ireland is to be saved. His particular thesis
is that the Ulster Unionist movement was
engineered by old men in the face of the
indifference or actual hostility of the young
men, Protestant or Catholic, and that the only
chance for its colossal bluff to succeed lay in
commandeering a "Dublin playboy" to direct
it. One can well believe that the significance
of Carson's career is fairly indicated in this
treatment, which enables the author by
dramatic contrast to describe all the more
effectively the real progress in Irish affairs
and the real identity in aims and in practical
tendency between Ulster and the South. The
pretense of a biography is only a skilful
device enabling him to produce one of the
clearest and most cordial statements that have
yet been written of the devoted purpose of
Young Ireland as a whole.
This calm, assured faith that Ireland's
future is shaping itself behind the bewilder-
ments of the present shines through every
page of Mr. James Stephens's sensitive,
impressionistic account of "The Insurrection
in Dublin." Were it not for this faith one
would lay down the book with a tragic sense
only of having witnessed ignorant armies
clash by night; for, as one sober-minded
workingman said to Mr. Stephens, "they had
no chance, and they never said they had, and
they never thought they would have any."
What strikes one most in the author's atti-
tude is the same quality that strikes one most
in the attitude of the insurrectionists them-
selves,— a calm, composed, impersonal spirit
of good will, of wondering detachment, that
has made the whole tragic episode seem so
much for something, something greater than
any individual life, that one almost forgets
it was against anything at all. "Nothing is
lost. Not even brave men," Mr. Stephens
says. "They have been used." And every-
thing that has been written about the leaders
of the rising bears him out. When James
Connolly was asked if he would say a prayer
for the men who were shooting him, he
replied, "I will; and I will say a prayer for
every good man in the world who is doing his
duty." Nothing could more completely show
that Ireland has achieved her nationality
than the dozens of recorded speeches like this.


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459
THE DIAL
Mr. Stephens offers his own explanation of
the rising and how it came about; he lays the
responsibility upon Mr. Redmond for having
pledged Ireland to a particular course of
action, at the opening of the war, without
possessing any authority to give the pledge or
any guarantee that it would be met. It is,
in fact, the healthiest sign of Ireland's new
nationhood that the younger generation in
this way is far readier to see Ireland itself
and Ireland's own statesmen at fault than to
dwell on England's errors. But the most
interesting part of the book is the day-by-day
story of what one man saw and heard walking
about the streets, drinking in rumor and
bewilderment, listening to the comments of
this and that man in the street, and reflecting
quite passively on the lens of his own spirit
not so much the facts of the insurrection itself
as its reaction in the popular mind. The
facts themselves, meanwhile, are effectively
chronicled in the bulky book edited by
Maurice Joy and largely written by Padraic
Colum, in conjunction with six other writers,
—"The Irish Rebellion of 1916 and Its
Martyrs." Though the first part of this book
is full of admirably arranged information
about the causes and history of the rebellion,
it is to the second part on "personalities and
ideals" that most readers will turn; and few
indeed will read these fine sketches of
MacDonagh and the Pearses, Connolly,
Plunkett, Sheehy-Skeffington, the Countess
Markicwicz, and Sir Roger Casement without
envying Ireland its future sealed with so
many
Wild and perilous holy things
Flaming with a martyr's blood.
Never before probably has it occurred that
virtually all the leaders of a revolutionary
movement were poets; and the fact, in a way,
both confirms and sanctifies the extraordinary
part played by literature in the development
of Ireland's national consciousness. The
names of most of the leaders are chronicled
in Ernest A. Boyd's "Ireland's Literary
Renaissance," an excellently full, well-bal-
anced analysis and summary of Ireland's con-
tribution to the world's culture during the
last thirty years. Mr. Boyd has not attempted
to give any philosophy of Irish literature, nor
has he been at pains to relate the literary to
the various other manifestations of Ireland's
renaissance. He deals with literature rather
as a phenomenon than as an expression, and
in accordance with this scheme of treatment
he has introduced hardly a line of biography
in all the four hundred closely packed pages
of his book. This method has its obvious
advantages: its very impersonality and
detachment themselves reflect the peculiar
dignity of his theme. One feels that he was
right in choosing it, for the agricultural and
educational movements that are making Ire-
land into a new country have sprung so
largely from poets' brains that her social
life seems almost more an expression of her
literature than vice versa.
The first inspiration of the movement,
according to Mr. Boyd, came from Standish
0'Grady's Homeric re-creation of Ireland's
mythology; but it is notable that he attrib-
utes the creation of a literary life in Ireland
"at a time when some fusion of intellectual
activities was most essential to the future of
the Revival" to the group of Dublin mystics
whose example made it possible to end the
tradition which imposed upon every Irish
author the necessity of going to London or
at least of offering his work to English editors
and publishers. That mysticism or, in a more
technical sense, theosophy, should have been
the original bond of union between Yeats,
"jE" (George Russell), and John Eglinton,
and should have formed the nucleus of the
whole movement, shows how little Irish
society evoked the literature which, made up
"out of whole cloth," as it were, was destined,
on the contrary, to create its own social back-
ground. Russell's mysticism, of course,
expressed itself immediately in a practical
form by seconding the efforts of Sir Horace
Plunkett in the cooperative agricultural move-
ment, and out of this revivified life of the
peasantry has sprung one of the most notable
departments of the Irish drama.
But the whole tendency of this new litera-
ture, especially exemplified in the work of
Yeats, and resulting from the constantly
increasing development of a rich and firmly
built social life, has been to descend with most
happy results from the dream-world of mys-
ticism and of "the passions and beliefs of
ancient times" to the concrete world of every-
day. Ireland is now producing a realistic
literature shot through with a poetry and a
fantasy all its own, and of immense value
both to the spiritual and the social life of the
people. It is this evolution that Mr. Boyd
chronicles, frankly basing his values on the
exigencies of "national culture" and leaving
to some historian to come the task of divining
its relationships in a larger world.
It is noticeable that Mr. Boyd's book con-
tains no section devoted to criticism and that
it does not even indicate the reasons why the
renaissance has been so barren in this vital
field. The fact is, as Thomas MacDonagh sug-
gests in the wonderfully interesting testament


460
[November 30
THE DIAL
he has left behind him,—"Literature in Ire-
land,"— that the new movement has already
suffered too much from criticism of the wrong
kind and that its materials have not yet
reached a sufficient degree of coherence for
the right kind of criticism to emerge. "There
is a school of criticism in Ireland," he says,
referring by implication to the late Professor
Dowden and the pundits of Trinity College,
"a school that knows the work of the finest
critics in the world, and knows, too, what is
more important, the finest literature in the
world. . . Dealing with the monuments of
the older literatures,— English, French, and
the like,— this criticism knows its place, its
bearings, its conditions. Dealing with a nais-
sant literature or with two naissant litera-
tures, with literature still at the lyric stage,
it looks over its shoulder, as it were. Its neck
is awry. Its eyes are twisted round. Its feet
turn from their known way and stumble."
And he points out how, precisely as in Amer-
ica, this criticism retards the growth of a
proper understanding between the native
writer and his audience.
What MacDonagh has himself attempted to
do is to delimit the individuality of Irish ways
of thinking and feeling and of the rhythm of
Irish speech, and to build up a consciousness
of the peculiarly Irish mode. His main thesis
is somewhat beclouded by the fact that the
Revival itself hesitates between the two paths,
— a return to Gaelic and a continuation of
the anomalous Anglo-Irish mode in which its
greatest works have been wrought. Therefore
what the reader will chiefly enjoy in this
fine, tentative unfolding of a point of view
is the suggestions thrown out by the way.
Among these are the contention that Ireland
has lain outside the tradition of Hellenized
Europe, the discussion of the peculiar fresh-
ness of the Irishman's handling of the English
tongue, and the learned analysis of Irish
prosody and of the relation between the
Anglicized literary production of the past and
the authentically native production of the
present. MacDonagh's own sympathies lie
mainly with the language-revivalists who have
made Gaelic so potent an instrument in
awakening the national consciousness, and
perhaps the greatest weakness of his argu-
ment is that he takes no note of the likeli-
hood that the language will be unable to keep
pace with the inevitable expansion of Ire-
land's social life and the modern complica-
tions the achievement of Home Rule will
immediately bring upon it. But certainly
contemporary criticism has produced few
books more profoundly suggestive than this.
Van Wtck Brooks.
The Stranue Case of Mk. Chesterton.*
The wistfulness with which the radicals of
our time survey the imposing bulk and pro-
digious energy of Mr. Chesterton is not
without its pathos. They regard him, clearly,
as a spiritual brother who has just missed
sharing their heritage of revolt by reason of
a slight temperamental perversity. Nor is
this at all strange. He is as pugnacious as
any of them; he has more than once professed
a tenderness for revolutions in general; and
he is an unmistakable democrat. When he
begins to tell us what is wrong with the world,
his generous indignation has a way of getting
the better of his jollity; and we hear him
denouncing meanness, greed, oppression, every
kind of brutishness and inhumanity, with the
terrific earnestness of a man whose whole
nature has been outraged. In short, he is
spiritually on the side of the angels, and it
is not surprising that his liberal critics show
a general reluctance to giving Mr. Chesterton
up as hopeless.
Mr. Julius West does not, one feels, give
him up. There is more than a hint of wist-
fulness in the eye he turns on his subject.
There is a twinkle of amusement also; for the
jollity and humanity that are always recom-
mending Mr. Chesterton to the affections, can
be stretched to invest his creed, too, with a
very special kind of sanction. Finding him-
self pretty generally in disagreement with
Mr. Chesterton's views, Mr. West remains, it
seems to me, admirably fair. If he is unable
to give his subject a very good mark as nov-
elist and teller of tales, at least he admires
him whole-heartedly as humorist and poet,
and accords him even more than justice, I
think, as critic. It is sophistication and not
malice that prompts him to remark that most
people would consider it pure pedantry to
insist that a Chestertonian romance need differ
appreciably from a Chestertonian essay, poem,
or criticism; and that a book by Mr. Chesterton
should describe itself as a novel means little
more than that its original purchasing price
was four shillings and six pence. As for Mr.
Chesterton's humor, Mr. West thinks it will
live long, even in a cloyed world. It is of the
freshest, so spontaneous indeed that his pro-
ductions seem to spring "from his vitality
rather than his intellect." As poet he is a
master of bold imagery; he has more impulse,
perhaps, than finish; but his natural gift of
rhythm and his knack of finding effective
words more or less compensate for his refusal
• G. K. Chesterton. A Critical Study. By Julius West.
With portrait. New York: Dodd. Mead & Co. $2.


1916]
461
THE DIAL
or his incapacity to take pains. As critic,
says Mr. West with perfect justice, he can be
acute and penetrating as long as he has a sub-
ject that he can relate with his own views of
the universe. But Mr. Chesterton has not
sufficiently confined himself to such subjects,
and there are many of us who remember his
ineptitudes and his intolerance rather than
his flashes of insight and sympathy.
I have said that Mr. West strikes me as
everywhere fair. I submit that it is sufficient
proof of a critic's fairness if he takes the
pains to consider Mr. Chesterton in separate
chapters as romancer, as critic, as poet and
humorist, as religious debater, and as politi-
cian. Mr. Chesterton has borrowed these
various masks in his time and rushed excitedly
about shouting gorgeous epigrams and Gothic
grotesqueries through the painted lips; but
the point to notice is that they have been the
same epigrams and the same grotesqueries.
Indeed, I think that, if you read the several
chapters of Mr. West's clever book carefully,
you will agree that what he has sketched
everywhere with bold and free strokes is the
portrait of that essentially modern figure, the
controversial journalist. Even as romancer
Mr. Chesterton's unit of work is, as his critic
points out, the page rather than the volume;
and I think he might fairly have added that
the page, or at most the chapter, is commonly
also the reader's unit of response.
Journalism, like the art of prestidigitation,
requires a sovereign economy of means. As
journalist Mr. Chesterton has been busy all
his life compressing big subjects into little
columns. Naturally, the accommodation has
not always been perfect, and he has often had
to distract attention from the failure of
the trick by an imaginative tour de force or
an outburst of Falstaffian humor. He is an
adept in eking out argument with epigram,
or substituting one for the other whenever it
suits his purpose. Take him to task, accuse
him of having shuffled or evaded the issue,
and he may quite plausibly argue that a
journalist in seeking everywhere to be scrupu-
lously fair will often be unjust to his own
cause — the space needed for explication is
usually wanting. Or he may excuse his lack
of pedantic thoroughness in a little paper on
less solemn grounds and make out a strictly
literary case for proportion. In any event,
given the assured dexterity of Mr. Chesterton,
the journalist will be tempted to save his argu-
ment by legerdemain,— if he can save it in no
other way.
Doubtless Mr. West has no hope of inducing
Mr. Chesterton as a debater to indulge in a
sober dialectic; he has seen too many other
controversies end in amiable personalities.
Nevertheless, he patiently puts the questions
propounded by many another critic and lib-
eral before him, the chief of which is this:
What, then, are you really for? It has been
impossible for these critics to believe that a
man could live by antagonisms alone, espe-
cially a man so solid and well nourished. Mr.
Chesterton has been against socialism, against
something that he imagines to be science,
against specific social reforms of whatever
sort, against votes for women, against atheism
and agnosticism and all the other current isms
that he lumps somewhat loosely together
under the one term, heterodoxy. In fact,
complains Mr. West, he has been so everlast-
ingly and so explosively against all these
things that he has not found time to be for
anything in particular, unless it be for the
democratic right to drink beer in public
houses and cultivate a grandiose mysticism.
This negative attitude strikes his liberal
friends, I suppose, as the crowning paradox
in the paradoxical creed of Mr. Chesterton.
They remember that no one has assailed the
greed of capitalists, the cruelty of exploiters,
and the excesses of Jingoes more terrifically.
No one has more valiantly supported the
cause of labor, or shown himself in general
more humane. Why will he have none of their
remedies? How can he content himself with
purely destructive criticism? Well, democ-
racy has clearly never been for Mr. Chesterton
a convenient instrument for achieving certain
highly desirable social ends. He is that most
stubborn of mystics, a determined and thor-
oughly conscious mystic; and democracy is
one of his religions — a religion so sacred and
so sufficient for the needs of men that he likes
to dream of it as automatically operating to
prepare a better future. If his peculiar mys-
ticism is not rightly English, at least his fierce
individualism is deeply rooted in English soil.
What could be more natural to an English-
man whose home is his castle than that night-
marish terror of official oppression which Mr.
Chesterton has conveniently — if a little wick-
edly— personified as Mr. Sidney Webb? So
long at least as the terror with which the
mere hint of inspection and interference fills
him outweighs the abhorrence that he feels in
the presence of dirt, disorder, and casual
exploitation,— so long, certainly, will the con-
structive radicals cast wistful glances at Mr.
Chesterton in vain.
George Bernard Donlin.


462
[November 30
THE DIAL
A Group of Irish Plays.*
It is easy to poke fun at the Irish National
Theatre, and perhaps it is equally easy to over-
estimate its achievements. Yet those achieve-
ments are real and important; and when we
consider that they have been accomplished
within half a generation, they seem indeed
worthy of unstinted praise. It may be
worth while to enumerate them briefly. For
the first time in history, the life of the peas-
ants, its comedy and tragedy, has received
adequate dramatic expression. No other na-
tion, so far as I am aware, has a peasant
drama to be compared with the Irish in
richness, intimacy, and completeness. Sec-
ond, the dramatists of the Abbey Theatre have
been pioneers in developing the previously
unrealized possibilities of the one-act play.
They may be said, indeed, to have created a
new technique of the one-act play,— a tech-
nique that already, in this country alone,
counts its imitators and practitioners by
the dozen. The key to these new possibili-
ties of the one-act piece is the discovery that
it need not rely exclusively upon situation
for its interest. Third, the Abbey Theatre
has built up an excellent stock company
with acting traditions of its own; as to this,
many of us can testify who were fortunate
enough to see the Irish players when they
visited this country in 1914. Fourth, it has
created a taste and a public for the new
kinds of work which its authors have done.
Fifth, it has produced, along with a number
of poor plays, a relatively large body of
meritorious ones. And last, and most impor-
tant for the world at large, it has given
opportunity for the development of two
dramatists of genius,— J. M. Synge and St.
John Ervine. For sixteen years (counting
from the founding of the Irish National
Theatre in 1900), that is a remarkable record.
The writers of the three volumes now under
consideration all belong to the younger group
of playwrights. Mr. O'Brien's book con-
tains five lively little farce-comedies, of the
type which Lady Gregory made popular.
They show no remarkable originality, but are
full of high spirits and a gay and careless
humor. If I may judge from "Duty,"
which I saw in 1914, the plays would act
better than they read. Reading the book
continuously, one gets rather tired of the fre-
quently recurring types of character, which
•Duty, and Other Irian /Comedies. By Seumas O'Brien.
Boston: Little. Brown & Co. $1.25.
Three Plays: The Fiddler's House, The Land, Thomas
Muskerry. By Padraic Colum. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25.
Four Irish Plays. By St. John G. Ervine. New York:
Macmillan Co. $1.
present very little variety. Almost any
group of characters might be transferred
from one play to another; in a given situa-
tion, most of them would act in the same
way. An outline of the story of "Retribu-
tion," the last of the plays, will indicate the
character of them all. At the rise of the
curtain Patcha Cremin is discovered asleep
in bed. His landlady wakes him up and
informs him, in spite of his assertion that he
is sick, that she will turn him out of the
house the next day unless he pays his rent.
After her departure there comes in a visitor,
Dannux Touhy, an old crony of Patcha's, who
is also dead broke. From their conversation it
appears that Patcha has shared his bed the
night before with another friend, Nedsers
Brophy, who has now gone out to get some
money for breakfast by pawning Patcha's one
suit of clothes. Nedsers returns partly
drunk, and explains that he has lost the
money. Dannux has been trying to borrow
some money of Patcha to buy tools for a job
he says he has undertaken for the parish
priest; he now proposes that he should take
Nedsers's clothes out and pawn them to buy
the tools, promising to return and share with
the others the money which the priest will
pay him. After he has gone with the clothes,
his two pals remember that the priest is away
in England on his vacation, and give up hope
of seeing Dannux or the suit again.
Mr. Colum's three plays are longer and
more ambitious. They all deal with the con-
flict between the individual and the family
group, at different social levels. In "The
Land" the harsh assertion of paternal au-
thority in an affair of marriage drives the
young peasant hero to emigrate to America.
Ten of Murtagh Cosgar's children have left
him, and only two remain,— Matt, and Sally,
a rather stupid girl. Matt is in love with
Ellen Douras, a clever and ambitious girl
without a portion. Her reluctance to settle
down in the old place, combined with Mur-
tagh's opposition to the match, results in the
emigration of the pair; while the stupid
Sally, matched with Ellen's equally dull
brother Cornelius, remains to inherit the land.
In "The Fiddler's House" the old wandering
musician wishes his daughters to take the road
again with him, while they try to induce him
to remain and work the little farm. In
"Thomas Muskerry" it is the old father,
master of the workhouse, whose intention to
live his last years in peace is defeated by his
resolute daughter and her family. It is note-
worthy that as Mr. Colum's characters go
higher in the social scale, they become less
attractive. The peasants in "The Land" are


1916]
463
THE DIAL
all likable; the official's family in "Thomas
Muskerry" is mercenary and detestable. The
best of the three plays is "The Land"; but
none of them shows marked power of char-
acterization or technical skill.
Mr. Ervine, as I have already suggested,
is a writer of very different calibre. The
"Pour Irish Plays" now collected are all ear-
lier than "Jane Clegg" and "John Ferguson,"
which preceded them in American publica-
tion, and were reviewed in The Dial some
months ago. The book includes one four-act
play, "Mixed Marriage," two one-act pieces,
"The Magnanimous Lover" and "The
Orangeman," and one bit of local satire,
"The Critics." The last is unimportant.
"The Orangeman" and "The Magnanimous
Lover" rise distinctly above the average level
of Irish plays through their grasp of charac-
ter. But they are both slight compared with
"Mixed Marriage," which is a worthy fore-
runner of the two great realistic plays Mr.
Ervine has since written. Mr. Ervine's spe-
cial field is the north of Ireland. In "Mixed
Marriage" he has skilfully combined two
themes,— the struggle between the older and
the younger generations, and the folly of
the workingmen in allowing religious differ-
ences to be played on in industrial disputes.
John Rainey is an intelligent but obstinate
and bigoted old Protestant laborer who
wields great influence among the Orangemen.
The capitalistic interests endeavor to break
up a strike by stirring religious prejudices;
and at first Rainey. ably assisted by Michael
O'Hara, a broad-minded and tolerant young
Catholic, successfully blocks this move by his
determined opposition. When, however, he
learns that his son Hugh intends to marry
Nora Murray, a Catholic girl, all the ancient
religious prejudice with which his nature is
imbued reasserts itself and gets the better of
his intelligent judgment. After trying by
every means in his power to break off the
match and failing, he throws his influence
on the side of the hired agitators. The strike
ends in a riot, involving the tragic death of
Nora, who believes that her unwillingness to
give up her lover has led to all the trouble.
Like "Jane Clegg" and "John Ferguson,"
the play is remarkable for the intense vitality
and individuality of the characters, and for
the admirable economy of means by which the
author obtains his effects. There are only six
speaking characters, and the scene remains
the same throughout. What distinguishes Mr.
Ervine from most of the other Irish dram-
atists is his mastery of his craft and his firm
grasp of character. About most of the Irish
plays,— Mr. Colum 's, for instance,— there is
a sort of amateurishness. Mr. Ervine has
none of their aimless talkativeness, their
vagueness, their tendency to rest content with
second-rate workmanship. With him every
stroke is clear and firm, and every stroke
tells. You will go far in recent drama before
you find a better drawn character than Mrs.
Rainey, or her husband, or Mike O'Hara.
These people are alive, and we feel that our
experience is enriched through knowing them.
No one who wishes to keep in touch with the
best that is being done in the modern theatre
can afford to neglect Mr. Ervine.
Homer E. Woodbridge.
Sixty Years of the American Stage.•
So long as the supply of well-equipped actors,
trained after the ancient method, lasted, it was
possible to find leading performers who without any
very gross flattery might be described as stars when
compared with their associates. But this source
was exhausted long ago. At any rate they were
actors of the first class, if not always at the head
of it. None of them had a successor. There is not
on the American stage to-day one solitary performer,
male or female, of native origin, who is capable of
first-class work in either the tragic or comic depart-
ment of the literary imaginative drama. In modern
drama we have some excellent performers, but even
in this no great one. Why is this? It is because
the wells of histrionic talent have been choked. As I
have said before, there are indications that they
may before long be reopened. Already there is a
group of rising young English actors of both sexes
likely to do big things in big drama in the near
future. Where do they come from? Almost without
exception from the stage company of F. E. Benson.
Mr. Benson represents the Irving tradition.
The above paragraph expresses the judgment
to which sixty years of theatre-going and for-
ty-three years of service as dramatic critic
have led Mr. John Ranken Towse, who now
assembles in a book a series of reminiscences
of the stage originally given to the public
Ihrough the columns of "The New York Even-
ing Post." He has had one definite conclu-
sion forced upon him:
During the last fifty years the art of acting upon
the English-speaking stage has steadily declined:
. . . this result is due chiefly to the establishment of
the commercial star and circuit system by speculative
managers, possessed of considerable executive abil-
ity, but, as a rule, devoid of artistic knowledge,
instincts, or ambition; partly to the creation of
railroads, which have made the circuit system feasible,
and partly to the enormous improvements in mechan-
ical and lighting devices, which have increased the
possibilities of spectacle and thus enabled managers
to attract the remunerative crowd, with whom an
appeal to the eye is so much more potent than an
appeal to the understanding or good taste.
•Sixty Years of the Theatfr. Ai OW Critir's Mem-
ories. By John Ranken Towse, Forty-three Years Dramatic
Critic of "The New York Evening Post." Illustrated.
New York: Funk & Wasnalls Co. $2.50.


464
[November 30
THE DIAL
Mr. Towse's book is a rapid sketch of the
literary drama on the English-speaking stage.
It begins with the Haymarket and Sadler's
Wells in England, with Charles Kean, John
Gilbert, Samuel Phelps, and other great
names; but the bulk of the work is devoted
to the New York stage from 1870 (the year
after the author's emigration to America) to
the end of the century. While not formally
including the twentieth century theatre or
European stars merely making visits to the
United States, he devotes space to some few
performers like Sothern and Marlowe whose
careers have continued into the twentieth cen-
tury, and to foreigners like Salvini whose
support on the American stage has been Eng-
lish-speaking.
Mr. Towse 'a treatment is necessarily brief;
but the unhesitating and emphatic nature of
his opinions, and the vividness of the impres-
sions he has caught from great performances,
and the feeling for great literary drama that
lies at the basis of his judgments, are such as
to make his pages themselves a sort of stage
on which the great figures of the past pass in
review in their many parts. If at times his
book seems gossipy, its gossip is not of the
trivial sort, but elevated and elevating. We
get such glimpses as that of Macready:
Macready I saw once, long after his retirement.
When Phelps made his first appearance, at the West
End, as King John, he occupied the seat of honor in
the royal box, and evidently followed the performance
with the liveliest interest. He was liberal with
applause, and when his old leading man, having been
called before the curtain, bowed to him, stood up
and bent low in answering salutation. He was a
handsome figure. His tall form was still erect, and
he carried his head—with the long, white locks
framing the stern, strong face—very proudly.
The impression we receive from Mr. Towse's
mere recital of the long succession of artists
and plays that he has known, to say nothing
of his formally expressed conclusions, is one
of melancholy. We need no comment to con-
vince us that real and substantial talent, not
to say genius, has for at least a time departed
from the stage. It is even difficult to believe,
what the author himself professes to believe,
that there are signs of a reawakening. His
belief, however, is by no means a conviction.
"When Edwin Booth made his final bow the
curtain — so far as the American stage was
concerned — fell also upon the legitimate
drama. Whether it is to be raised again time
will show." Only the youthful actor or critic
who has never seen the giants of other days
can look with complacency upon the present,
or find the courage or effrontery to mention
any modern figure in the same breath with
Booth and Irving, to say nothing of Phelps
or Salvini.
Some of our modern critics—many of whom never
saw literary comedy or tragedy properly performed—
are very contemptuous in their references to the
artificiality and unreality of the style of the old-
time actors. Of course, it was artificial and unreal,
but only in the sense that all the great masterpieces
of imaginative fiction are unreal. It was a style
deliberately cultivated, and developed through some
centuries of experience to harmonize with, and give
full effect to, incidents, thoughts, aspirations, and
emotions outside the experience of common humanity.
It did not, perhaps, always achieve its full purpose,
but it came infinitely nearer to the realization of the
fanciful than the ignoble and slovenly utterance and
unregulated, spasmodic, and inexpressive gesture of
the untaught and self-acting player ever can. It
involved a laborious study of artistic principles, and
it was abandoned because it was laborious. . .
Now, alas, the star himself—or herself—shines only
with a fictitious glitter, the reflection of flaming and
mendacious advertisement. Most of our contemporary
theatrical valuations are ridiculously extravagant,
and the stage itself, perhaps, is suffering quite as
much from the false glamor with which the box-
office agents and the daily press have conspired to
invest it as from any other particular condition. It
is the fashion to describe our second or third rate
mummers in terms which would be flattering to a
Siddons or a Garrick, and to record their petty say-
ings and doings as if these were actually matters of
public importance and interest. How many of the
names of existing stage luminaries which now con-
front us on the street posters and in the newspapers
will be remembered in the next generation? The
question is easily answered.
We might add that the very term "legitimate"
has come to be debased, denoting now only
acted drama as distinguished from the movie.
Possibly there are those who will think Mr.
Towse exacting. If he is slow to yield the
highest praise to many actors who have been
lauded almost without stint, it is because of
the background against which he views all
actors and performances. Samuel Phelps and
Tommaso Salvini are the giant figures by
which he takes the measurements of all the
rest. Beside them, even Irving and Booth, to
say nothing of a score of others ordinarily con-
ceived of as representing ideal stature, are
seen to be of something less than heroic size.
The reason for this severity is found in a
principle of criticism clearly set forth by the
author:
Hundreds of our players, and not a few of our
stars, never dream of acting anybody but themselves.
The consequence is that the spectators get no definite
idea of Macbeth or Benedick, but only learn how Mr.
Smith or Mr. Jones thinks he would comport himself
in similar circumstances. In other words, the player
who is content to express every character, no matter
how diverse, in terms of his own individual habits,
ideas, and impulses, trusting simply to external dis-
guise for identification, is not a genuine impersonator
or actor at all, although he may be himself an
exceedingly interesting personality and uncommonly
expert in self-illustration. In the many years that I
have been writing about the theater this is one of
the tests by which I have always abided in trying
to form a just estimate of relative performances. A
little reflection will show that the more marked are


1916]
465
THE DIAL
the traita in the individual personality of the player,
the more incumbent it is upon him to suppress them
in characters to which they are not appropriate,
especially when those characters have different and
equally strongly marked traits of their own.
The true creative power—the possession of which,
I hold, is the one infallible test of histrionic great-
ness — is only manifested when an actor can present
a series of great or widely diverse characters without
the obvious assertion of his individual self in any
of them.
Wide is the gulf between their [the old artists']
sure and varied artistry and the accomplishment of
modern mummers, whose one specialty is in the
monotonous repetition of themselves.
Those who resent unfavorable criticism of
such favorites as Maude Adams and Mrs.
Fiske must remember that the critic is apply-,
ing a test which excludes all but the highest
order of genius. He does not fail to give
credit to lesser first-class acting, and to
greater second-class; but he refuses the su-
preme distinction to those whose art has been
"performance rather than embodiment." The
champions of contemporary drama, too, must
remember the background of time-tested liter-
ary drama against which Mr. Towse views
the less substantial product of to-day.
To read Mr. Towse's book is to have one's
interest in both acted drama and literature
stimulated. The text is made more vivid by
forty full-page illustrations, presenting nearly
one hundred noted artists of the stage, for the
most part in the characters with which they
are associated in the public mind. A portrait
of Edwin Booth makes a fitting frontispiece.
A book so valuable in its kind as "Sixty
Years of the Stage," and especially one
upon whose content the publishers themselves
bestow such hearty praise, should have had
a more attractive make-up. Its paper and
binding give the impression of cheapness.
Grant Showebman.
Ligut Through the Mists of War.*
Several years ago I returned to an editor a
group of books by Ellen Key, declining to
review them because it seemed undesirable to
assist in agitating the public mind over her
more or less erratic opinions. I then believed
that those who hailed her with enthusiasm in
the public prints were at least in part commer-
cially minded, scenting endless opportunities
for debate and consequent interest leading to
the purchase of many books. It did not
appear evident that such debate, with the Key
•War, Peace, and the Future. A Consideration of
Nationalism and Internationalism, and the Relation of
Women to War. By Ellen Key; translated by Hildeiard
Norberg. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The War and the Soul. By Rev. K. J. Campbell. New
York: Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.26.
books as the source of inspiration, could lead
to anything really sane and progressive. To-
day it is a pleasure to call attention to Miss
Key's new book on the war, and to describe it
as an admirable contribution to that sanity
which this mad world so sorely needs. The
very lack of any conspicuous brilliance of
style, the absence of any striking originality,
the restraint from all attempts at smartness,
give the work a solidity and persuasive value
all its own. We are not yet prepared to recant
the earlier opinions; but we recall how the
Ibsen craze of thirty years ago, with its un-
doubtedly unhealthy symptoms, led some of us
to undervalue the contributions of that really
great author. "With the passage of time the
ill considered, poorly balanced work of Ibsen
and of Ellen Key will be largely forgotten,
and it will be remembered with gratitude that
these writers labored long and successfully for
the betterment of their kind.
Miss Key is at one with Babindranath
Tagore in regarding nationalism as the curse
of the ages. She contrasts it with patriotism,
and shows how in 1905 Norway and Sweden
were in danger of armed conflict owing to
nationalistic impulses, but were restrained by
that patriotism which looked to the welfare of
the peoples concerned. This may be a rather
forced interpretation of the two words; but
the contrast is genuine, fundamental, and of
the first importance. It is seen, for instance,
in the different conceptions of "honor." To
the nationalist the preservation of "honor"
means attacking whoever may accidentally or
purposely tread on the tail of the national
coat. To the patriot — in Miss Key's sense —
it means the preservation of the moral and
spiritual integrity of one's country, in the
face of all temptations to the contrary. The
patriot, so defined, will fight, but for reasons
widely divergent from those of the nationalist.
They agree only on the subject of defence in
case of attack.
A large part of the book is taken up with
discussions of the relation of women to the
problems of the war. The various chapters,
partly reprinted from newspapers, were
apparently written as separate articles, and
do not carry the thread of a consecutive
argument. Two of the chapter-headings are
almost identical: "Women and War." and
"Woman and War." Nevertheless, the reit-
eration resulting from this method of compila-
tion is not without certain advantages, and the
message as a whole stands out clearly enough.
There is a dominant tone of optimism, and a
clear faith in the future, but no failure to per-
ceive existing evils and deficiencies. The chap-
ter on "Woman's State of Mind," based on a


466
[November 30
THE DIAL
keen analysis of war psychology, is almost
brutal in its recognition of the discouraging
facts. Excessive suffering, like excessive bod-
ily injury, leaves the individual helpless and
hopeless; the elasticity of mind so necessary
for new efforts has gone for ever. On the
other hand, those who have been profoundly
stirred, but not wrecked, by extremes of per-
sonal misery, may be expected to react vigor-
ously:
They have been confronted by the necessity for
great and quick decisions; they have dared every-
thing when the issue was life or death. Their
hearts have been enlarged by a stronger beat. They
have experienced the heroic life of which they
dreamed in their youth and even when, later on, life
assumes its everyday aspects again it will never be
monotonous and empty to these women. They have
experienced the heights and the depths of life, and
they will carry the stamp of these experiences.
Thus the hope of the world may lie, not in
those who have been ground beneath the mill;
not in those who, like the Americans, have
been too remote to be transformed by the
events of the war; but in those who have faced
the problems unflinchingly, and have come out
unsubdued.
Dr. Campbell's "The War and the Soul,"
also consisting of various articles assembled
together, represents the attempt of a clergy-
man of well-known liberal tendencies to
interpret the problems of religion in the light
of present events. The author's radicalism is
indicated by such a passage as this: "Perfect
anarchy and perfect socialism are one and the
same, and both represent the Christian ideal
in human relations." His religious tolerance
is shown by the fact that he wishes the Pope
to assume the lead of all Christian sects in an
effort to establish permanent peace after the
war.
There is not a Church in Christendom that would
not join in it [a proposed council] through its
appointed representatives. . . As the outcome of
it there might be a tribunal established more author-
itative and effective than that of the Hague, to say
no more. Perhaps we should get even further than
that in, shall we say, the direction of adjusting our
religious differences too, and unifying civilization once
more on that basis.
Nevertheless,—it seems ungracious to say it,
—Dr. Campbell appears essentially anglican
and insular in comparison with Miss Key. He
cannot escape from the tendency to theolog-
ical argument, even when it leads nowhere in
particular. Contrast the following passages:
There is no escape from the proposition that
what God permits He causes. He is an efficient
cause, as the logicians say, of any event or series of
events if He does no more than let them take place
even if other wills set them going.
Heaven could prevent anything it chose to prevent
taking place on earth. If it does not do so it is
because it does not wish to do so, because the
alternative would bring greater evil in its train.
God cannot be the gentle heroism of Edith Cavell
and the vile deviltry of von Bissing. That the one
derives from Him renders it impossible that He could
be the other. He could not be both Christ and Pilate.
There is something simple and direct in the
way in which Miss Key, ignoring all such
cobwebs, remarks that "A few members of the
clergy have been Christian enough to stand
by God in spite of the repeated attempts to
make Him a nationalist."
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Recent Fiction.*
There is at present, as always, the desire
that American literature, especially American
novels, shall be really American. This desire
has very often been expressed by foreigners
who felt that somehow things American ought
to be different from other things; but it has
also been felt by Americans. Just now one
reads in various places, of the desire for
"native work," for the work of those "who
are not imitating other times and climes."
Just what such work should be is a question.
Are Mr. Lincoln's "Mary 'Gusta" and Mr.
Tarkington's "Penrod and Sam" truly Ameri-
can, or are they "imitations of other times and
climes"? The last thing on this subject that
I saw seemed to base itself on the idea that
Mr. Theodore Dreiser was the bed-rock Ameri-
can, but that there were others who were
worth thinking of. The Dial published a
year ago my view of Mr. Dreiser's latest
novel; it has recorded from time to time other
searchings, more or less blind, for currents of
Americanism in literature. At present Ameri-
can literature seems at fault; people reprove
it as though it were a naughty child. We
can point to other literatures which conduct
themselves more properly, which are more
national.
Mr. Arnold Bennett appears to me to be
national enough. It has often been said that
there are two Arnold Bennetts; but if so,
both are English. It is doubtless the same
person that writes "The Lion's Share" and
"These Twain," although one may guess that
he writes the first with one lobe of his brain
and the second with the other. Or perhaps he
writes different books in different rooms, or
•The Lion's Shake. By Arnold Bennett. New York:
George H. Doran Co. $1.50.
The Emperor of Portugallia. By Selma Lagerlof. New
York: Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.60.
The Hungry Stones, and Other Stories. By Rabindranath
Tag-ore. New York: Macmillan Co. $1.86.
El Supremo. By Edward Lucas White. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.90.


1916]
467
THE DIAL
in different moods. At any rate, he seems to
be mostly himself and not to imitate other
times and climes more than is necessary in
using a language and ideas that have received
a good deal of temporal and climatic influ-
ence. However it be, he has two phases: there
is the extravagant Bennett that tells of the
most impossible things and shows them to be
perfectly natural and according to the great
truths of life, and the commonplace Bennett
who tells of the most ordinary things and
shows them to be full of the most emotional
adventure. People have rather settled down
into the idea that the latter Bennett is the
real one, perhaps because they like best to have
the drabs and grays of their average experi-
ence made golden-pink and tawny. But both
kinds are real and both are very English.
"The Lion's Share" is of the latter kind, and
an excellent example of it. It has exhilarating
action, more indeed than most novels of its
kind; but it has also those moments of vision,
those utterances of great truths about life, and
those flashes of insight that we associate with
the serious Mr. Bennett.
"The Lion's Share" is the story of a young
woman who wishes to have a good time in life,
or perhaps we should say to be happy. She
wishes all sorts of good times, all sorts of
happiness,— at least, so she says. She wishes
not to be a monomaniac, to be deeply in
earnest after one thing, but to have every-
thing, to have not merely a husband but other
things that she likes too; she has an appetite
for life, wants all the sensations there are,
wants, in short, "the lion's share." There
have been such people in fiction before, but
Mr. Bennett had the quaint notion of taking
for his lion a young Englishwoman of the
present day. If we look at the book very
seriously we are likely to say that it shows
a conception of life, a range of sensations, that
has been a good deal widened in England by
the last two years. Audrey would have been
ready for the war when it came, had it come
in her time. She tastes the sensations of the
artist world end of political action, of the
studio life on a few francs a day, of the aris-
tocratic life of motor car and yacht, and so
on. To tell the truth, it probably does not
matter much to her just what world she lives
in, provided she is able to maintain a con-
tinued current of emotional vitality. All this
Mr. Bennett might have presented in the
simplest forms and with the most sedate col-
ors; but he did not wish to, and therefore he
imagined a restricted English girl left inde-
pendent of family and with great wealth. She
is thus able to hurl herself into the art world
of Paris and into the political machinations
of the suffragette movement. These circum-
stances are of course glittering and amusing
though not of serious importance. What is
of importance (if we may violate the idea of
the book by using such a word) is that, in
both of these spheres, as in others, there are
moments, there are people that give you the
feeling of reality, of a window open on life.
Rosamond, the thinly veiled leader of the
Votes-for-women movement, how excellent
(though somewhat exaggerated) is her atti-
tude! Jane Foley, full of the child-like happi-
ness of the devotee; Musa with his direct
musical nature,— these people impress one,
not as puppets in an extravaganza, but as real
indications of the possibilities of the human
soul. And so Audrey herself; it is not so
much that she is a great character, or even
a character at all, as that she accepts one
chance after another in life as a real possi-
bility. Such things are extremely interesting.
They art not especially English; in fact, they
are much more interesting than anything
would be that was especially English, at least
to us and the world in general.
In the eighties there was a good deal of dis-
paragement of English fiction by those who
compared it with the fiction of other countries.
It was about the time that Tolstoy was becom-
ing known outside Russia, when there were
a number of French novelists more widely
read than are any to-day, and when realists
of interest were to be found in all sorts of
places otherwise not very familiar to our
novel-reading public — in Spain, Italy, and
Norway. Things have changed since then;
there have been more English novelists of real
note for one thing, and for another, probably
there was something about the new-found for-
eigners that was not of perennial interest. It
is true that even to-day there are those who
think that the best fiction is continental; it
may be so, but I fancy that the real result
of Mr. Howells's explorations was not so much
to give English novels a minor place in our
interests as to divert attention to the fiction
writers of other countries.
I wish I could convey the particular char-
acter of the work of Miss Selma Lagerlof. I
cannot say that the quality is of herself
because I have read but few of her books; I
cannot say that it is Swedish because I know
but little of that country. But whatever it
be, there it is, a quality that no one could
mistake for English or American or indeed
for anything else than what it is. Her books
do not seem like novels at all and yet they
certainly have the unity of emotional effect
that makes a novel different from a series of
sketches or stories. Thev deal with what


468
[November 30
THE DIAL
seems insignificant and trivial; yet their magic
transmutes the trivial into the important.
Perhaps that is because Miss Lagerlof is her-
self and writes of what is to her, life. But
to do that and to be interesting about it is
one of the great things of modern literature.
It should not be difficult for a man of ability
to interest us in a young lady who had fifty
thousand a year and sought the emotions of
life among the art students of Paris and the
determined militants of England. But it
would not seem easy to interest people of
other lands and other kinds of life in the love
for his daughter of an old peasant in an out-
of-the-way part of Sweden. Yet such is Miss
Lagerlof's achievement — apparently an easy
achievement — in "The Emperor of Portu-
gallia." In the multitude of translations at
hand to-day, I will mention only one other,
"The Hungry Stones" by Sir Rabindranath
Tagore. One cannot in a few words give much
idea of these stories by the great Indian poet.
They are for the most part stories of not very
remarkable Indian life. But it is not the east-
ern manners and customs, the oriental figures
of speech and modes of expression, the Indian
places and people, the matters of costume and
usage that make the deep effect of the book;
indeed, these matters are to readers of our
part of the world rather confusing than other-
wise. The holding power of this book (like
that of the others so very different) lies in
its sense of truth and of life. Of course it is
a kind of life very different from that which
is current with us. These stories are of a
life that passes on from generation to gen-
eration in forms unknown by those whose eyes
are closed and whose ears are stopped — the
life often of children, poets, blind people,
humble servants, beggars; of love or devotion;
of old places, forests, villages. Still, the thing
that makes the book remarkable (for it cer-
tainly is remarkable) is not that it is Indian,
but that it is very human.
If we return to our own shores after some
such tour of international fiction, we shall be
rather at a loss to know just what we have of
the same sort of interest. Bennett, Lagerlof,
Tagore — these names are probably better
known to us than is the name of any present
American novelist to the readers of England,
Sweden, or Bengal. That is due to several
facts that have little to do with the relative
excellence of our fiction-writers; as for
instance that many more people in America
like to read foreign fiction than is the case in
Bengal, Sweden, or even England. But aside
from such things, one does not know just
whom to point to as our representative Ameri-
can writer. Mr. White, who has just pub-
lished "El Supremo," is in some ways obvi-
ously not such a writer. He might be thought
by those who are particular to be "imitating
other times and climes"; he is apparently,
however, "a live American artist" and as such
of interest.
It may properly be said, first, that Mr.
White has done a great deal in being able to
do anything at all. In spite of all our train-
ing in the exotic, the out-of-the-way, the
bizarre, the average American reader would
naturally refuse to be interested in a histor-
ical novel about Paraguay. Merely to be told
that "El Supremo" was the Dictator of Para-
guay, and that he was the most remarkable
American of history, is, with the majority, to
be warned off the subject. I own to such a
prejudice, and my observation leads me to
think myself by no means peculiar in that
respect. Yet, in spite of the disinclination of
any intelligent reader even to think of a long
historical novel about Paraguay, Mr. White
achieves the feat of making a singularly inter-
esting book, one that people will read with
intense pleasure.
Besides surmounting this difficulty, which
lies chiefly with his readers, Mr. White has
certain difficulties that he has created himself.
The most obvious is that his book is too long.
I know that the objection to a long book is
illogical; I do not myself object to this book
because it is long, but rather would wish it
much longer; still, it is really a mistake to do
in seven hundred pages what most people want
done in half that number. Then, besides this
inability (as it would seem) to construct, Mr.
White has difficulties of creation. Prancia,
the Dictator, is not much of a person: he is
only great in our minds because Mr. White
tells us that he is; he really does or says noth-
ing which has the flash of greatness in it; all
his power over Paraguay rests in his contin-
ually having people shot at dawn and avoid-
ing all attempts at assassination. Besides, Mr.
White has no great gift at rendering the con-
ditions of place; in spite of some descriptions,
he does not give us much idea of material
Paraguay; no such idea, that is, as would be
given by one who had a genius for discerning
the spirit of place.
We may thus easily dispose of Mr. White's
ability to make a plot, draw a character, or
render the atmosphere of place; it still
remains to show why, in spite of all that, he
should be able to interest people in the doings
of an imaginary New Englander among the
people of Paraguay at a time when Paraguay
hardly existed, save on the map. The reason
for this fact, the reason that Mr. White has
written a fine book is that he is what has


1916]
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THE DIAL
recently been called "a live American artist";
he is a live artist because he possesses a
remarkable historical imagination, of greater
scope than intensity perhaps, but still suffi-
cient to give him that sense of reality which
he succeeds in passing on to his readers. As
to why he is American, there the difficulties
are too much for me. Perhaps it is because,
like his own character, Hawthorne, he is a
very practical person and knows thoroughly
what he is talking about and is deeply inter-
ested in it Certainly the book lives and we
live in it. If Francia is somewhat unreal to
us, he probably was so to the world which he
dominated. But that world,— Mr. White
makes us feel it. From the very beginning,
from that wonderful dinner at the Mayorgas's
which one cannot attempt to describe, one
follows Hawthorne in his investigations and
adventures as though one shared the life about
him. Wholly unlike the other books just
spoken of, this novel has the same sense of
reality. It has the vitality which is so much
more in fiction than skill in plot, character, or
setting, or even than that feeling of race or
nation, which (as it appears to me) is so
often swallowed up in the general sense of
humanity. Perhaps some time Mr. White will
be so much interested in the life of our own
country and our own supreme ruler that he
will want to present it to the world. Then
we shall have something more American, or
at least more our kind of American. But I
doubt whether it will thereby be better than
"El Supremo." Edwabd E. Hale.
Notes ox New Fiction.
In "Dead Yesterday" (Doran, $1.50), Mary
Agnes Hamilton has written a novel of contem-
porary London which considers the war with a
sane appreciation of its reactions upon individual
character. The story revolves about Nigel Strode,
a journalist, brilliant, indolent, and successful,—
as success goes in that mildly bohemian life of
Fleet Street and Chelsea. During a brief holiday
in Florence he meets Mrs. Leonard, a writer, with
"whom he would have fallen in love had not her
analytic manner of thought put too great a strain
upon his own intellectual habits. He responds to
her charm, but evades matching his own intelli-
gence with hers. Later on, when he finds in her
daughter the same charm without the mother's
maturity of mind, he allows himself to indulge in
love. His is an interesting character, and one
especially typical of upper middle-class England.
Three years ago there were thousands like him, and
their true worth would never have been discovered
had not the war tested them with fire. It is not fair
to give the reader more than an inkling of the
fine study which this novel offers of English life
under the reactions of war. If the book at times
lacks ease and grace, it possesses swift action
and keen insight into human character. Those
passages which concern the early days of the war
are memorable. This is a book for the serious
reader, and one well worth his undertaking.
It is-not often that the work of an American
writer attracts attention because of beauty of
style. That, unhappily, is a quality which our
"reading public" does not desire of its favorites.
Mr. James Branch Cabell, however, has this attri-
bute to such a degree that, were he not a master
story-teller, still his work must command the
enthusiasm of the discriminating reader. In "The
Certain Hour" (McBride, $1.35), he has selected
an idea which requires his utmost artistry with
words. The volume consists of ten sketches which,
as he points out in a prefatory essay of rare irony
anent the public, are not short-stories. Perhaps
they might be described as fragments patterned
upon the same psychological situation in the lives
of various poets, finding their individual color in
that of the personalities involved. The idea of
selecting that certain hour in which a man comes
face to face with himself revealing the temper of
his spirit, is one which would only occur to the
inspired artist. There is in these sketches a wistful
and magical quality of sentiment and a delicacy
of workmanship which cannot fail to arouse
pleasurable emotions in anyone who recognizes the
master touch. And as stories, many of them are
no less than thrilling, and that without the trick-
ery of the magazine writer.
Mr. Harris Dickson is known chiefly, perhaps,
as a writer of tales of colored folk of the modern
South, tales that appeal alike to those who know
his subject, and those whose ignorance of it adds
curiosity to interest. In "The House of Luck"
(Small, Maynard, $1.35) he shows himself as a
novelist of no mean degree. With Vicksburg as
the setting and the early thirties as the time, he
has written a story of the hectic, high-living,
hard-hitting days when the great river was the
playground and battle ground and market-place
and hiding place for planters and gamblers and
"speculators and exiled French Royalists. The
book approximates an historical romance in that
it concerns itself with an almost forgotten episode
in the frustration of the gigantic plot engineered
by the leader of a band of horse-thieves, negro
stealers and assorted ruffians,— wholesale pillage
and massacre, under cover of a slave insurrection,
and escape to Mexico. The book is written with
skill and feeling. Mr. Dickson's work has been of
the kind that makes the reader want more, and
the present volume is no exception.
After reading Mr. Louis U. Wilkinson's "The
Buffoon" (Knopf, $1.50), one is inclined to won-
der why so many writers trouble themselves, and
often their readers as well, straining for originality
of plot, when human nature itself affords the best
entertainment. Perhaps those writers who occupy
themselves so entirely with "action" have not Mr.
Winkinson's cunning in character analysis and
portrayal. This story concerns Edward Baynes
during a period of two or three weeks in which


470
[November 30
THE DIAL
the comfortable monotony of his bachelorhood
is interrupted by a human comet in the person of
Jack Welch, a radical lecturer. Under Welch's
stimulation Raynes's sluggish mentality is aroused;
he is introduced to an entirely new set of ideas;
has a brilliant though brief experience with the
apostles of "new" art,— poetry, painting, and
what not —; becomes infatuated with the "Queen"
of the sacred circle, and then relapses into his
former mode of living with enough to think about
all the rainy days of his life. For the most part
the characters would be unpleasant were it not
for the author's constant mockery, the zest with
which he quite heartlessly illuminates their ephem-
eral life. It is this quality of penetrating humor
which has sharpened his wit and if one enjoys
that elusive cynicism which made Wilde the master
of what we may term "prose de societie," he will
find much to his liking in this story of English
town and country life. There is more than an
evanescent brilliance here, however. There is also
ruthless veracity and a certain brutal sanity which
gives the book a fresh and invigorating interest.
There is just a bit of sentimentality in "The
Shining Adventure" by Dana Burnet (Harper,
$1.30) but not enough to cloy. "The King," a
chivalrous little boy living in a wealthy household,
just off Gramercy Park, buys the park with pen-
nies from his pig-bank that the poor children may
have access to it. He adventures into O'Connor's
Alley, fights and vanquishes the juvenile ruler
thereof, organizes an army and marches at the
head of it to his purchased kingdom, with a drum
and a "First Hand Harmonica" providing satis-
factorily martial music. Of course, he finds a
Queen, in the person of a little crippled girl, and
defends a "Bad Woman" from the taunts and tin-
cans of his army and is fed and lodged over-night
by her. But these things are to be expected, as is
the conversion of Miss Philomena from effi-
ciency to humanity in social service, and her sub-
sequent mating with the Doctor, who, like all book
doctors who know "life" and "society" as well, is
gruff and ironical and kind-hearted. One would
miss these touches were they absent. No "story
for grown-ups" is complete without them. But
Mr. Dana has given a craftsmanlike quality to his
book that raises it a little beyond the ordinary
mass of work on similar themes.
All too many tales of adventure are devoid of
anything even approaching the portrayal and
development of character. Incident takes the place
of analysis, and the "punch" and its preparation
leave no room for anything quieter and less artifi-
cial. However, in "The Snow-Burner" (Doran,
$1.25), Mr. Henry Oyen has sketched life-like,
memorable characters, and has portrayed the
development of one in particular against a back-
ground of fighting ancl toiling in a far-north
lumber camp, with enough of artistry to raise his
book beyond the plane of ordinary stories of
adventure. True, the component parts of the
whole are a little too readily discernible,— as, for
instance, the hero's change from footless youth to
purposeful manhood,— and there is an air of striv-
ing for high cerebral altitudes at times, but the
book is real and does not try credulity overmuch,
nor does it suggest, as its genesis, the keenly
inspirational dollar mark.
Anton Chekhov, who has been called "the Rus-
sian Maupassant, is better known in this country
by his plays than by his very excellent stories. A
new volume, "The Darling and Other Stories,"
translated by Constance Garnett (Macmillan,
$1.50), serves partly to bridge the lapse in
our acquaintance with his work. Chekhov pos-
sesses in a marked and well-balanced degree the
ability to observe life and all life's richness of
human relationships without passing judgment
upon it or upon the characters which he portrays
so skilfully. This ideal attitude for the short-
story writer is one rarely achieved in our own
land of rigid definitions, but that it goes not wholly
unappreciated, the vogue of Russian literature
proves. The heroine of the title story, "The
Darling," is Olenka, who, having buried and
bewept two husbands, takes a lover, and losing him
adopts his son, a pathetic little figure in his large
school cap. The transference of her affections is
not inconstancy, but transmutation; from the
bestowal of them she draws the breath of life
itself. Did Chekhov intend a criticism of the
Olenka type of woman f Was he, in a left-handed
way, setting before us his ideal for the new woman,
Olenka's antithesis? So Tolstoy thought. But it
hardly matters what he intended. What he gave
is a piece of the very stuff of humanity. His
Russians are so single-hearted, in spite of all their
talk, in their acceptance of life as it is! They
appreciate, one and all, the satisfaction of non-
resistance. "Why struggleT It is all the same,"
they say. Life to the individual is not of such
ill-proportioned importance as it is to us Anglo-
Saxons. Theirs is an older — perhaps a saner
view. At any rate, Chekhov draws from his
philosophy much of truth and of pure poetry.
"The Tutor's Story" (Dodd, Mead, $1.35) is an
hitherto unpublished novel by the late Charles
Kingsley. As explained in the preface, the half-
completed manuscript was found only last year
by the novelist's daughter, Mrs. Mary St. Leger
Harrison, whose nom de guerre, Lucas Malet, is
not unfamiliar in the world of fiction. The task
of drawing together the threads of the story,
embellishing the incident, rounding off the char-
acters, touching up the scenery, and bringing the
whole to a successful close, consistent with the
probable intention of the author, has been assumed
by Mrs. Harrison. The fruit of her efforts is an
excellent novel, refreshing indeed in this day of
machine-made plots and custom-made characters.
Manifest throughout the work is the revolt of
Kingsley against existing social evils,— in this
case, the intrigues incident to life at an English
nobleman's country estate. And this is the lesson
which is portrayed in the story of a young tutor's
love for his aristocratic and temperamental young
pupil, Lord Hartover. "The Tutor's Story" offers
more than an opportunity to judge the faithful-
ness of the revision and completion of Kingsley's
notes; it is a novel which never lags in interest,
and more, a novel which will be remembered.


1916]
471
THE DIAL
English professors who would persuade their
disciples that novels should follow certain fixed
principles of "unity and coherence," directness,
congruity, and character-economy, will hardly se-
lect "Barnacles," by J. MacDougall Hay (Doran,
$1.40), as a sterling example. They are more
likely to condemn it, as violating their most pre-
cious tenets. "Barnacles," the book, like Bar-
nacles, its chief character, is "different," save in
one respect,—it is a love story. If the reader could
follow the ingenuous Highland hero, "one of God's
own innocents," through his eventful career in the
town of Paisley, and see him remedy, as he did,
some of the misery of the world, the novel might
take rank as a very pretty character study. But
the unstinting author has thrown in for good meas-
ure too much extraneous material. Indeed, the
book combines two plots. One concerns the career
of Barnacles, the hero, who feels that "there is
something wrong with the world"; the other in-
volves the domestic infelicity of the talented and
sympathetic Martha Crawford as the result of her
marriage to Ganson Normanshire, artist, maniac,
and Sadist. That Martha should eventually break
with Normanshire and later marry the lowly Bar-
nacles, seems hardly acceptable as a solution of
her problem. The less exacting reader may excuse
this ineptitude on the grounds that Martha and
Barnacles are unusual creatures,—other-world
folk, like the other characters of the tale. But
both are extreme in their strangeness,—too ex-
treme to be compatible the one with the other.
There is charm to "Barnacles"—so much must be
conceded. Many descriptive passages reveal real
fineness on the part of the author. One finds a
new and wholly pleasing beauty, emanating from
the life of the simple Barnacles. And one is dis-
appointed that the tale is not simply a series of
episodes, as its mechanical arrangement seems to
promise it will be.
Though Mary Raymond Shipman Andrews is
best known to us for her "Perfect Tribute" and
the more recent and very moving sketch of "The
Three Things," many of her shorter stories are
quite as well worth the reading. As such we
count "A Political Tip" and the lighter "Taki's
Career," published with other stories in "The
Eternal Feminine" (Scribner, $1.35). Mrs.
Andrews possesses the strange combination of a
good, humorous imagination, with a strain of mys-
ticism such as appears in "The Healer" of the
same volume. Nothing could have pointed out
more subtly than her collection the advance, the
change of style (for it is no less.than that) in the
short-story writing of the last few years. The
straight love-story of certain of these reprints, is
supplanted in the author's later work by a more
highly developed plot, depending to a greater
degree upon suspense, quick turns, problems of
current interest, or humor. Variety is the word.
We demand something more than "heart interest";
we want to be surprised, and we want also some-
thing that hits us very closely, whether this some-
thing be suffrage or cooks, the war or Fifth
Avenue. Mrs. Andrews gives us this sustaining
touch, backing it by stories of good construction
and of fairly universal interest.
Holiday Publications.
Biography and Reminiscences.
Idealism and an indomitable energy in carrying
out his idealistic projects seem to have been the
main characteristics of Heinrich Conried. These
qualities, at any rate, are emphasized in "The
Life of Heinrich Conried," by Mr. Montrose J.
Moses. The biographer seems not to have had
any intimate acquaintance with the famous impres-
ario, but he has had, in preparing his book, the
valuable assistance of Mr. Conried's son and of
others near to him in his life time and qualified
to impart something of his personality to the
pages descriptive of his life and work. It is an
engaging story of precocious talent bent on suc-
cess and never admitting the possibility of failure.
Head of a travelling company of actors at eight-
een, theatre-manager at twenty-one, and strong
both in executive ability and as a character actor,
Conried naturally welcomed the call to America
at twenty-three and was not slow to recognize the
possibilities open to him in the metropolis of the
new country. His rise to the management of the
Metropolitan Opera House and his triumphs in
that responsible position are well related by his
biographer. Eighteen portraits are inserted, but
no index puts the finishing touch to the well-made
volume. (Crowell, $2.50.)
A long life and a happy one, which is far better
than a short life and a merry one, is passed in
fragmentary review by Mrs. Joseph Hobson
(Elizabeth Christophers Hobson) in a posthumous
work reprinted from a privately circulated sheaf
of autobiographic chapters written at the repeated:
request of friends. Recollections of a Happy
Life" gives in a bright and informal way the more
significant passages from the eventful and useful
life of Mrs. Hobson. A memorable up-bringing,
an early marriage, much travel and many sojourns
in foreign lands, philanthropic activity, especially
in hospital work, and, through it all, intercourse
and friendship with persons of note in many
paths of life—of such is the substance of the two
hundred and fifty pages of the book. To the
student of literature no passage will prove of
greater interest than the true story of the nun
who has been made famous in fiction by F. Marion
Crawford in his "Casa Braccio." Mrs. Hobson
heard this story in Peru, where she met and became
interested in a great-granddaughter of the recreant
nun. She afterward told the story to Crawford,
who pronounced it the only one that he ever had
heard that was suitable for his use. Miss Louisa
Lee Schuyler edits, with some additional matter,
Mrs. Hobson's fragmentary chapters. (Putnam,
$1.25.)
Little personal anecdotes about the illustrious,
comic touches, pathetic incidents, tragic occur-
rences, or otherwise appealing passages in their
lives, are always good reading. Mr. T. H. S.
Escott's reminiscent volume, "Great Victorians:
Memories and Personalities," is notably of this
inviting character. Soldiers, churchmen, authors,
statesmen, scientists, and other persons of interest.


472
[November 30
THE DIAL
crowd his pages in a pleasing promiscuity. If his
reminiscences are not all first-hand, they are all
readable and leave the impression of one gifted
with a remarkable memory for those little illu-
minative traits and incidents that help to make
real for us the personages in whom all the world
is interested, but whom only a small part of the
world has ever seen. Here is a characteristic
utterance from Carlyle, addressed to the author:
"You may hear it said of me that I am cross-
grained and disagreeable. Dinna believe it. Only
let me have my own way exactly in everything,
with all about me precisely what I wish, and a
sunnier or pleasanter creature does not live." But
it is not quotation or anecdote alone that fixes the
reader's attention. The author writes well when
drawing more purely from his own resources. His
portrait appears as frontispiece. (Scribner,
$3.50.)
Sons inherit from their mothers, daughters from
their fathers; or thus it appears in many
instances. Mrs. Ella Flagg Young's father, a
skilled mechanic and reputed the fastest workman
in the sheet metals throughout the region of the
Great Lakes, certainly handed on to his talented
daughter something of his own ability to see
clearly, to reason correctly, and to waste no time
in false moves. Manual training in its large essen-
tials she got at her father's forge, from watching
his methods; and it is significant that many years
later, when she was district superintendent of
schools in Chicago, she was invited to assume the
management of a great manufacturing establish-
ment because, as the owners declared, "she knew
more about its affairs than anyone else." The life
and work of this gifted woman form the subject of
Professor John T. McManis's timely volume,
"Ella Flagg Young and a Half-Century of the
Chicago Public Schools." Naturally it is the pub-
lic work rather than the private and personal life
of Mrs. Young that fills the bulk of the book. She
is absorbed in her work and shrinks from being
made the theme of a detailed biographical study.
Yet her personality shines in Mr. McManis's pages,
at the same time that her service to education is
fully recognized. (McClurg, $1.25.)
More cordial commendation could not be desired
by any writer than that with which Mr. T. P.
O'Connor prefaces his friend Mr. H. G. Hibbert's
"Fifty Years of a Londoner's Life." "A more
energetic, competent, trained journalist," he
declares, "I have never met, nor a more loyal and
steadfast friend." And the book, he says, "may
well stand as perhaps the most complete and the
most trustworthy record of the stage for recent
years." Yes, it is a capital book, but not, in any
strict sense, a record of the stage. Stage gossip
and anecdotes abound, with plenty of personal
reminiscence. Tribute is paid to "those regal,
restless chorus girls" who, about sixteen years
ago, crossed from our shores and burst upon
London in what Mr. William Archer called "a
profligate orgy." But "no matter!" says Mr.
Hibbert. "It ran nearly two years. Somehow
or other, it is running still." The author's fond-
ness for anything in the shape of a theatre does
not stop at the entrance to the moving-picture
show, about which he writes an interesting chapter.
Portraits and old prints contribute to the illus-
tration of the volume. (Dodd, Mead, $3.)
A book of intimate recollections of famous New
England writers belonging to our Augustan age
cannot fail to be a book worth reading. Mrs.
Harriet Prescott Spofford, in "A Little Book
of Friends," revives her memories of Mrs. James
T. Fields, Sarah Orne Jewett, Celia Thaxter, Gail
Hamilton, Rose Terry Cooke, Louise Chandler
Moulton, and others, with passing glimpses of
Hawthorne, Whittier, Holmes, and many besides.
It is a book of the same pleasing quality as Mrs.
Fields's "Authors and Friends." One of the best
chapters is that on Mary Abigail Dodge, who was
always "Gail" to her friends. Does it dawn upon
many readers of Gail Hamilton that she must get
her pseudonym from the last syllable of her first
name and the place of her birth f Not many more
reminiscent volumes like this by Mrs. Spofford
can, in the nature of things, be expected; hence
its interest and value. (Little, Brown, $1.25.)
Miss Clara E. Laughlin's "Reminiscences of
James Whitcomb Riley" is the fruit of a friend-
ship extending over twenty years. It began with
a rather pert request for a poem, and seems to
have ended in mutual esteem and lasting friend-
ship. To have sat at table with Mr. Riley and a
few of his chosen intimates, with "Bobb"
Burdette to put the witty poet on his mettle, must
have been a treat. Such joyful symposia, and
other memorable conclaves, with frequent Riley-
isms of rare quality, go into the making of Miss
Laughlin's highly readable little book. Many, it
is to be hoped, will note with approval the poet's
"bitterness against those who spoke contemp-
tuously of Longfellow's flowing rhyme and rhythm,
as if his thought must be less noble because it
could be understood without a 'key1; and as if his
poetry must have been effortless because it could
be memorized so easily." The book is duly fur-
nished with a portrait of Riley, and a bit of his
exuberant fun appears in facsimile of his hand-
writing on the paper wrapper. (Revell, 75 cts.)
Strange alternations of good and ill fortune
have pursued Mr. James D. Corrothers through
life, and the story of these vicissitudes from his
own pen is well worth reading. "In Spite of
Handicap" he appropriately names his book, the
handicap in his case being the admixture of Negro
blood in his veins. Indian and Scotch-Irish
elements also enter into his ancestry, and the
scion of this triple stock is evidently a staunch
American and a man of most admirable pluck and
energy. Those who know him only as a poet will
be surprised to learn how many kinds of work,
from floor-scrubbing to preaching, have engaged
his energies. One of his best chapters is on
"Interesting People and Unusual Experiences,"
and another is devoted to "Dunbar, Douglass and
Riley." A pathetic chapter describes a crushing
disaster that compelled the author, in his mature
years, to begin life anew. An occasional sugges-
tion of "fine writing," like "prior to" for
"before," excites remonstrance; otherwise it is


1916]
473
THE DIAL
an unmixed pleasure to read the book. Several
portraits of the author, with other illustrations,
are inserted. (Doran, $1.25.)
In the delightful Aubrey's "Brief Lives" it is
recorded of William Oughtred, parson and mathe-
matician, that he received numerous young men as
pupils and taught and boarded them free of
charge. Among many illustrations of the good
rector's schoolmasterly ways and kindness of heart
occurs the following: "He could not endure to see
a scholar write an ill hand; he taught them all
presently to mend their hands." All this and
much more will be found in the agreeable and
instructive account of this inventive genius and
amiable man by Professor Florian Cajori, of
Colorado College. "William Oughtred, a Great
Seventeenth-Century Teacher of Mathematics"
directs attention more particularly to the works of
the man than to his uneventful life; but the few
pages given to his human qualities and relations
take the reader captive. Oughtred's excessive
modesty, his unwillingness to appear in print, his
fatherly care of his pupils — all this makes him
an attractive figure independently of his invention
of mathematical instruments and his other contri-
butions to mathematical science. The present
monograph on this little-known "Todhunter of the
Seventeenth Century" supplies a need. (Open
Court Co., $1.)
"One reason why the clergy are not so prom-
inent in literature as they were," opines the Rev.
James Adderley, Canon of Birmingham, "is the
very creditable one that they have ceased to spend
much time in composing sermons. I call this
creditable because it means that they are more
alive than they were to the pressing need for
applying Christianity to everyday life." With-
out discreditable straining for literary excellence
in his retrospective and anecdotal volume, "In
Slums and Society," Canon Adderley hits upon a
genially informal method, or lack of method, for
communicating some of his recollections, and
makes himself more entertaining to the general
reader than would be possible with most men of
his cloth. He tells, modestly and interestingly,
the story of his famous tract, "Stephen Remarx
(refused by twenty publishers), and of other books
from his pen, and winds up with the observation
that magazine articles and book reviews have
brought him far more money than have his more
pretentious works. The book is enriched with por-
traits. (Dutton, $1.50.)
Successful in his presentation of "Union Por-
traits," Mr. Gamaliel Bradford has tried his hand
at the pen-painting of women's likenesses — a
more difficult undertaking. His selected subjects
equal the Muses in number, but with a rather
different variety of tastes and accomplishments.
"Portraits of Women," as the book is called,
opens with a preface in which the reader is
reminded of the inadequacy of extant material
for the literary portrayal of any but famous and
exceptional women; and the writer adds: "The
psychography of queens and artists and authors
and saints is little, if any, more interesting than
that of your mother or mine, or of the first shop-
girl we meet." Not so, as a rule. If the shopgirl
were as interesting as the artists and authors and
saints of her sex, the shop would not hold her,
or only for a short time. The nine women por-
trayed are: Lady Mary Wortley Montague, Lady
Holland, Miss Austen, Madame d'Arblay, Mrs.
Pepys, Madame de Sevign6, Madame du Deffand,
Madame de Choiseul, and Eugenie de Guerin. As
readers of "The North American Review" and
other periodicals are already aware, these careful
studies have been in preparation for four years
or more. Portraits, in a literal sense, accompany
these brief biographies, except the last. (Houghton
Mifflin, $2.50.)
A favorite subject with biographers is the life
of William Penn, and recent writers have done
much to make more humanly interesting than hith-
erto this heroic figure. It is preeminently the
human side of the man that Dr. Oliver Huckel
now offers to view in "A Dreamer of Dreams,"
which he describes as "an authentic narrative,
freely arranged from the supposed journal of the
fair Guli Springett, as found in an old oaken
chest at Worminghurst, England." This fair
diarist became Penn's wife when she was about
twenty-five years old, and the greater part of the
supposed journal relates to their married life. The
daughter Letitia is made to finish the narrative.
Altogether we have in agreeable form some such
Immunization of the saintly William Penn as was
effected for Martin Luther in that classic of our
childhood, the collective diary of the Schonberg-
Cotta family. Contemporary portraits and prints
have been put to good use in illustrating the book.
(Crowell, $1.25.)
The mystery of Archduke Rudolph's tragic end
gives no promise of ever being cleared up, and
for that reason it is a most inviting theme for
both oral and written conjecture. To the many
existing accounts of the Meyerling incident, the
more or less plausible surmises as to the truth of
the matter, there is now added the narrative of one
who describes himself as the Archduke's intimate-
personal attendant or private secretary, and whose
revelations ("The Last Days of the Archduke-
Rudolph") are, as the title-page announces,,
"edited by Hamil Grant." Insinuations of Prus-
sian intrigue in the sudden death of the Hapsburg
heir are skilfully interwoven, in this cleverly writ-
ten book, with most ingratiating presentations of
the many excellent attributes of that exalted per-
sonage and with less ingratiating references to
persons in high station at Berlin. And so, though
one is about as wise at the end as at the beginning,
it is not bad reading for those that like that kind.
Portraits of royalty, with one of Bismarck and
one of the luckless Marie Vetsera, adorn the
volume. (Dodd, Mead, $2.50.)
Travel in America.
Mr. Ernest Peixotto's work, both as author and
as artist, is too well known and too favorably
known to need commendation. His contribution
to this season's notable illustrated books is
entitled "Our Hispanic Southwest," and takes the
reader to New Orleans and thence to San Antonio,
along the Mexican border, through Arizona to the-


474
[November 30
THE DIAL
pueblos near Albuquerque, to Santa Fe, northward
to Taos, and thence back to the City of the Holy
Faith. "To look up the old Spanish Missions and
settlements still scattered through Arizona and
New Mexico and along the border — picturesque
material that has been sadly neglected by our
writers and artists heretofore," was the purpose
of this latest of many journeys undertaken by the
artist-author across the continent; and "to point
out these Spanish remains in our own Southwest,
and hint at the thrilling stories of their foundation,
is the reason of this book." The many illustra-
tions, full-page and smaller, include both wash
drawings and line drawings. A map, showing the
author's route and also the routes of certain
Spanish explorers before him, covers the end
leaves. It is a handsome book, like its predecessors
from the same pen and brush. (Scribner, $2.50.)
Of the docile and amiable Hawaiian Mrs.
Katharine Fullerton Gerould writes in the open-
ing chapter of her book "Hawaii: Scenes and
Impressions," as follows: "Civilization has killed
him, as is its way: vice and disease came in with
the sea-captains and sailors of all the globe, and
the missionaries finished the work. As far as
one can make out, the missionaries were more
responsible than Captain Cook or the New Bed-
ford whalers, for the Hawaiian is dying, quite
literally, of clothes." That is, the diseases prev-
alent among clothes-wearers, and unknown to the
■children of nature, are now exterminating the
innocent natives, who present a pathetically inter-
esting appearance in Mrs. Gerould's random narra-
tive of her sojourn among them. Her first chapter
has to do chiefly with Honolulu as the "melting-
pot" of various races, but a very different vessel
from that in which the heterogeneous elements of
our American population are fused together; her
second chapter describes by-ways in Hawaii, out-
lying islands, seaports, and settlements; and her
closing section, which makes about a third of the
book, gives an account of the leper colony on
Molokai, an account much more detailed and inter-
esting than the ordinary visitor to Hawaii would
be able to give, and far less depressing in its gen-
eral tone than might have been expected. Many
half-tone illustrations accompany the narrative,
and are, in not a few instances, so interesting that
the reader would like to find on the opposite page
or somewhere near the picture a full account of
the thing pictured; but in this he is too often
disappointed. (Scribner, $1.50.)
After an absence of nearly three decades Mr.
Theodore Dreiser was moved to revisit the scenes
of his early life. The journey was pleasantly
made in the motor car of his artist friend, Mr.
Franklin Booth, these two with the chauffeur com-
posing the party. "A Hoosier Holiday," written
in Mr. Dreiser's well-known manner of mingled
description, anecdote, dialogue, and philosophic
reflection, details the incidents of the summer
outing in a highly readable manner, while Mr.
Booth's frequent drawings by the way — sketches
of a pleasant softness and dreaminess, done in
charcoal or crayon—add charm to the whole. For
a man not very much over forty, Mr. Dreiser is
perhaps unduly fond of assuming the part of the
world-weary, the disillusioned, the blase (the one
best word for it all), as if life and love and all the
delightful possibilities of the future held nothing
further in store for him. One reads him always
with enjoyment, but this same Hoosier-holiday
narrative might have been made equally interest-
ing and equally true to the facts without any
indulgence in what at times savors of a contemp-
tuous superiority to the innocent and simple joys
of human existence. If one has outgrown these
joys, it is a misfortune, not a thing to be paraded
with complacency. Perhaps a few more decades
will work a change and make Mr. Dreiser as
young in heart as he now is in years. (Lane, $3.)
The season would not be complete without a
book by those cheerful comrades in travel and
partners in book-production, Mr. and Mrs. Walter
Hale. Like Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Pennell, they
go well in double harness and yet are by no means
wholly dependent on mutual support. "We Dis-
cover the Old Dominion" is, of course, the account
of a motor trip through an historic section of our
country. What author-traveller does not motor
in these daysf No stilted formality repels Mrs.
Hale's readers; she chats away, in utmost unre-
straint, through nearly four hundred pages, and
Mr. Hale follows, with necessarily less nimble
pencil (or brush, or other implement of his craft),
in twenty-eight pictures and a map. The route
was from New York to White Sulphur Springs,
thence eastward to Norfolk, and then northward
through Richmond, Washington, and Baltimore,
to the starting point. (Dodd, Mead, $2.50.)
"Winter Journeys in the South" by Mr. John
Martin Hammond is a sort of glorified guide book
to the special points of interest on the Gulf
Coast, the Atlantic Coast, and in Florida. It is
beautifully printed and illustrated, and contains
much of the kind of information which the visitor
wishes to have about the history, traditions, people,
hotels, and scenery of the place, with which Mr.
Hammond has made himself familiar during sev-
eral winters of travel and residence in the South.
Only in describing the famous White Sulphur
Springs of Virginia does the author go far away
from the sea coast. There are some signs of pad-
ding, such as the three pages of memoranda about
Mr. Henry M. Flagler, the creator of the Florida
"East Coast," and the eight-page list of the trees
and plants in the gardens of the Royal Palm Hotel
at Miami. There are some inaccuracies to be
noted, among them the statement that Augusta is
the capital of Georgia, and the definition of a
Creole as "a mixture of French and Indian, of
French and Spanish, or of all three." This last
is enough to make the late Mr. Gayarre' turn in
his grave. (Lippincott, $3.50.)
Tracing the originals of persons and places in
fiction has from the first been a favorite amuse-
ment of those having something of the detective
in them as well as a fondness for solving riddles.
Mr. Arthur Bartlett Maurice's researches in the
New York of romance are already known to
readers of "The Bookman," and the volume that
now appears under the title, "The New York


1916]
475
THE DIAL
of the Novelists," preserves in worthy form his
studies of this nature. From Theodore Winthrop
to O. Henry and David Graham Phillips and
others of more recent date, the metropolitan scenes
held in mind (or supposedly so) by a long list of
fiction-writers in their pictures of New York are
pointed out and in many instances reproduced
by the illustrator's art. Both by photography
and by less mechanical methods more than eighty
of these fragments of streets and squares are
represented. The book shows much preparatory
reading and exploration. (Dodd, Mead, $2.)
Much has been written about the famous White
Sulphur Springs of West Virginia, but never until
now has a volume of more than four hundred
octavo pages, with a profusion of illustrations,
been devoted to the subject. Ex-Governor William
Alexander MacCorkle, LL.D., has the distinction
of offering to the world this full account of "the
traditions, history, and social life of the Green-
brier White Sulphur Springs." Besides its more
severely historical and less severely legendary
matter, "The White Sulphur Springs" has a pert-
inent chapter from Charles Dudley Warner's novel,
"Their Pilgrimage," and passages from a "Journal
of a Lady During a Season at the White Sulphur
for the Year 1837," by "Mark Pencil, Esq." The
sparkling days of the famous springs are zestfully
revived for us by Governor MacCorkle. It is a
sumptuous as well as interesting volume, worthy
of its historic and romantic theme. (Neale, $5.)
So many restrictions and safeguards are neces-
sarily encountered by the visitor to Mount Vernon,
who almost invariably finds himself jostled by a
crowd of other visitors as curious as himself, that
no full acquaintance with the place can be gained
except from books. No more detailed account of
Washington's home, and of persons and events
connected therewith, could reasonably be asked
for than Mr. Paul Wilstach's 300-page octavo
entitled "Mount Vernon: Washington's Home and
the Nation's Shrine." An introduction by Mr.
Lawrence Washington, great-grandnephew of the
reputed builder and of the subsequent owner of
Mount Vernon, commends the author's painstaking
research. Certainly there is enough of doubtful
tradition connected with the subject of the book
to call for unlimited scholarly investigation if the
truth is ever to be determined. One of the many
sidelights thrown by the book's more discursive
passages reveals our first President in one of his
few moments of unrestrained passion. To a writer
in "The Democratic Review" for March, 1843, we
are indebted for this interesting anecdote, which
bears the marks of truth. The book is copiously
illustrated, handsomely printed, ornately bound,
and neatly boxed. (Doubleday, Page, $2.)
Dr. Robert Means Lawrence, senior warden of
Saint Paul's Cathedral, Boston, offers a work of
antiquarian research and considerable local if
not wider interest — namely, "The Site of Saint
Paul's Cathedral, Boston, and its Neighborhood."
Genealogy and local history have long been the
favorite studies of this New England physician
and writer, and his extended connection with and
interest in the church here named adds to his
qualifications for undertaking such a work as the
present. How it came about that the historic
church building was erected in Leverett's Pasture,
on the edge of the present Common, is told with
much other interesting history that helps to restore
the three-hilled Boston of our forefathers. Old
prints of especial interest have been reproduced
in the illustrations. (Badger, $3.50.)
Travel in Foreign Lands.
From his early years, as he tells us, Dr. William
Elliot Griffis has been deeply interested in Scot-
tish history and romance, and he has eight times
visited Scotland and explored its Highlands and
Lowlands. Accordingly he seems qualified to write
even more appreciatively of the land of Sir Walter
than of "brave little Holland," or of far-distant
Japan, of Belgium or of China. At any rate we
now have from his hand, in a volume of similar
scope and character to those just referred to, an
account of "Bonnie Scotland and What We Owe
Her," well illustrated and full of interesting facts
presented in the author's well-known readable
manner. In twenty-five chapters he takes the
reader from Glasgow and Edinburgh to the islands
of the far North, enriching the journey with
appropriate bits of history and legend and litera-
ture. Scott and Burns are of course frequently
brought into view, as are Bruce and Wallace and
John Knox. A useful "chronological framework
of Scotland's history" is appended, but there is no
map. The list of Scottish kings begins with
Robert II. and ends with James II. Why not go
back more nearly to the time of the blending of
Picts and Scots into one people, and come down
later, to the union of the Scottish and English
crowns? The history of the name "Hebrides," a
corruption of Pliny's "Hebudes," might well have
gone back to Ptolemy's "Heboudai, the original
of Pliny's term. A six-page, double-column index,
good but not free from omissions (what index isf),
closes this well-made book. (Houghton Mifflin,
$1.25.)
Astonishment at the hardihood of Miss M. A.
Czaplicka, a Polish student of Oxford and author
of "My Siberian Year," is perhaps the strongest
feeling of a reader of her trying experiences in
the arctic rigors of the lower Yenisei and among
the Tatars of the Southern Steppes. She spent
a winter, that of 1914-15, in a region of Northern
Siberia where, she tells us, the thermometer not
infrequently registers a temperature of eighty or
ninety degrees Fahrenheit below zero. No wonder
she was advised by the natives to "eat plenty,
laugh much," and look well to her footgear. Miss
Czaplicka has written an earlier book on "Aborig-
inal Siberia," and her sojourns in that forbidding
quarter of the globe — a country as large as
Europe and Canada together, she estimates —
have been prompted by a love of research, not
forced upon her by a vengeful and despotic
government. Her chapters show alert observa-
tion of native customs, costumes, and superstitions,
and her closing chapter pictures the country as the
potential "Canada of the East — the home of a
great self-governing people, free to educate them-
selves, to direct in their own way and for their


476
[November 30
THE DIAL
own benefit as well as that of the Russian Empire
the development of the great resources of a coun-
try rich in minerals both 'precious' and 'useful/
in fact first in the world in gold mines; abounding
in fine timber," and so on, in terms fairly descrip-
tive of an earthly paradise. The book is well
illustrated from photographs taken, mostly, by
members of the expedition — for the author did
not travel alone — and it has a glossary, map, and
index. (Pott, $3.)
China from the inside and, better still, through
the eyes of an observant woman with a native
sense of humor, is presented in "An Irishwoman
in China," by Mrs. de Burgh Daly, who knows
the country and the people from a sojourn of
twenty years. Hospital work first took her thither,
and both she and her husband, a physician, seem
to have mingled with the inhabitants sufficiently
to acquire some familiarity with their strange
ways. The Chinese-Japanese and the Japanese-
Russian wars fell within the period covered by the
book, and add no little to its interest; also the
Boxer uprising contributed its part toward reliev-
ing the monotony. Dr. Daly at one time held the
difficult post of Hon. Treasurer of the Red Cross
and Refugee Aid Society, and the kinds of money,
of many nations and of fluctuating values, that he
had to handle must have entailed endless perplexity
and much arithmetical calculation. Vexations of
this sort, and of numerous other kinds, help to
vary the narrative. Native drawings and camera
views are inserted in profusion. The book is brisk
and readable throughout. (Stokes, $3.50.)
Vast and strange the Middle East has always
been to the people of the West, and vast and
strange it will always remain, so far as one can
predict. Something of this exotic quality is well
conveyed in Captain T. C. Fowle's "Travels in the
Middle East." Palmyra thus impresses him:
"Here in the midst of the desert, where you might
expect a miserable hamlet, you are confronted
with the wreck of a mighty city. You know it is
going to be there, yet you rub your eyes. You
are as much surprised as if you came across a
piece of desert set down in the midst of Piccadilly."
The journeys in question, undertaken by this
Indian officer for the purpose of studying Arabic
and Persian, took him first into Turkish Arabia
and Syria, and then into Persia. A memorable
episode was the witnessing of the Persian Passion
Play, commemorative of the heroic death of Hus-
sain, slain in battle at Karbala twelve hundred
years ago. Many half-tone pictures accompany
the reading matter, and a map follows, with cer-
tain spellings unnecessarily at variance with the
text. The book was written before the war, and
some chapters have already appeared in various
periodicals. They are worthy of being collected,
as a record of conditions that are likely to undergo
early change, if merely in the running of bound-
ary lines, as a result of the war. (Dutton, $2.50.)
"Who could refuse to be happy," asks Mr.
De Courcy W. Thorn, "on a honeymoon trip spent
in easy travel through beautiful France, romantic
Southern Germany, and sturdy Switzerland, during
the most perfect of weather?" Not the fortunate
author, certainly, whose "Midsummer Motoring in
Europe" now pleases by its very contrast (if
for no other reason) with the great number of
present-day books about scenes and events on the
European continent; for this carelessly chatty,
appreciatively descriptive volume records occur-
rences of six years ago — of the summer of 1910,
when the newly married hero and heroine of this
tale of a traveller set forth for a season of leisurely
journeying through the fairest regions of the Old
World. Of course Ober-Ammergau and its Pas-
sion Play have a place in the record, but this
decennial performance excited no enthusiasm in
the writer. In questionable taste, some might
object, is his occasional dropping into verse, mostly
of the free sort; but it is his own book, published
under his own copyright, so who shall say him
nay? Remarks on the quality of meals, and on
many other topics, are plentiful. The faithful
half-tone does good service throughout. (Putnam,
$2.50.)
Heine once called Prussia "the Tartuffe of the
nations" and "that bigoted and gaitered hero, so
boastful and so greedy, who carries a corporal's
cane steeped in holy water." Mr. Ernest Alfred
Vizetelly seems to cherish sentiments not unlike
Heine's in the section of his new book ("In Seven
Lands") devoted to England's arch-enemy. The
other six lands are Austria, Hungary, Bohemia,
Spain, Portugal, and Italy; and all these seven
countries, except Italy, he visited with his father,
Henry Vizetelly, soon after the Franco-German
War. His German sojourn was chiefly in Prussia,
and he dwells on the more unpleasantly prominent
features of Berlin manners and customs. He
divides "Berlinese cookery" into three classes,—
the salt, the greasy, and the sour. Significant is his
statement that in the early years of the German
occupancy of Alsace-Lorraine there were "erected
no fewer than seventy-six new prisons to accom-
modate the never-ending victims of their oppres-
sive rule." Much recent history, of Hohenzollerns
and Hapsburgs and less exalted persons, as also
of places, finds its way into Mr. Vizetelly's com-
municative pages. The illustrations are chiefly
from "The Illustrated London News," and greatly
help to take us back to the times under considera-
tion. (Duffield, $4.)
"London is charcoal, and charcoal is London,"
was the neat phrase with which the late F. Hop-
kinson Smith modestly explained his success in
picturing, with the medium here indicated, "the
wonderful velvet blacks, soft vapoury skies, and
streaming silver-washed streets of London." A
new and cheaper edition of his work entitled "In
Dickens's London," first published two years ago,
is a welcome item among the season's gift-books.
It is, as the author says, "a book of illustrations
with some explanatory extracts from the Master's
text, padded with some experiences of my own"—
except that the so-called padding is worthy of a
less depreciatory name. More than a score of the
fast-disappearing visible reminders of Dickens are
drawn with the artist's well-known skill, and five
hitherto unpublished Dickensiana, in the form of
documents and photographs, are added from a
friend's collection. (Scribner, $2.)


1916]
477
THE DIAL
England and this country have each its "High-
ways and Byways Series" of well-illustrated
descriptive books of travel. The now long list
of works of this sort devoted chiefly to British
counties is further lengthened (and strengthened)
by the addition of a volume on "Highways and
Byways in Galloway and Carrick," by the Rev.
C. H. Dick, with drawings by Mr. Hugh Thomson.
Scott and Burns have helped to some slight
acquaintance with this region of Southwestern
Scotland, but no detailed and systematic descrip-
tion has been available until the appearance of
this 536-page volume in rather fine print, with
folding map, full index, and frequent footnotes.
History and tradition and literary allusion mingle
agreeably with description, and the many illus-
trations that break the text are no unwelcome
intrusion. (Macmillan, $2.)
The vast undeveloped resources of South Amer-
ica will become an object of keenest interest to the
world as soon as present fevered preoccupations
pass and leave it at leisure for calmer thoughts.
When that time comes, such books as Mr. Gordon
Ross's "Argentina and Uruguay" will be in
demand. Some history and politics, a little geog-
raphy and anthropography, and a good deal of
statistical information, with many pictures, a map,
and several diagrams illustrating commercial
progress, go to the making of the book. Mr. Ross
was formerly financial editor of the Buenos Aires
"Standard," and was official translator to the
Congress of American Republics at Buenos Aires
in 1910. Thus he speaks from no slender acquaint-
ance with his subject. (Macmillan, $3.50.)
Artistic and architectural London forms the
main theme of Mr. E. V. Lucas's "More Wander-
ings in London," a companion and supplement to
"A Wanderer in London," now ten years old and
represented by more than one edition. The present
chapters deal with the City's pictures, the statues
of London, the Society of Arts' tablets, the Adelphi
and James Barry, London churches, Gough Square
and St. Clement Danes, Hampton Court, and
kindred topics. Excellent colored drawings are
supplied by Mr. H. M. Livens, and other pictures
owe their existence to a more mechanical process
than this artist's. It is sadly typical of the times
that "Mr. Livens would have made, among other
pictures not here, a drawing of the new Admiralty
Arch, had not this been forbidden, during war
time, by the authorities." (Doran, $2.)
Art and Handicraft.
There is in Mr. Joseph Pennell's work something
of the splendid virility and courageousness which
made Walt Whitman the most significant figure
which America has yet produced. There is no
more fearless an artist to-day than he, nor one
with keener insight. Were Mr. Pennell less a
master in his chosen craft, he would doubtless be
less convincing. But when one has proven himself
so great, as has Mr. Pennell, in the conventional
fields of the etcher and lithographer, he may be
trusted when his vision leads him farther afield.
His unique contribution to contemporary art lies
in his exploitation of modern industrial conditions.
Mr. Pennell is essentially of the twentieth cen-
tury— of America. He is a bluff, outspoken
Yankee in art. He is not ashamed to work, he
respects work, he glories in it. The result is that
he has glorified labor. He has perceived the
dramatic, new-age aspects of oil-fields, sky-
scrapers, smelteries, and has recorded his percep-
tions convincingly. Consequently "The Wonder
of Work" (Lippincott, $2.) is perhaps the most
interesting of the many collections of Mr. Pennell's
drawings, since it consists entirely of etchings
and lithographs in which the artist is most fully
himself. These fifty-two plates cover nearly the
entire industrial world, from the oil-wells of
British Columbia and the mines of Butte, to the
power houses at Niagara, the docks at Hamburg
and the factories of Sheffield. The brief text
accompanying each plate gives delightful glimpses
of Mr. Pennell at work; they are full of gay
chatter, of enthusiasm and delight in finding unex-
pected bits, or discovering the particular thing he
has sought. And by way of saying what he means,
Mr. Pennell is almost as great an artist with words
as with his pen.
If you scratch the skin of a painter, you find
a man underneath. Such at least is the belief of
Mr. J. Walker McSpadden, whose book on
"Famous Painters of America," not wholly new
to readers, "treats primarily of the picturesque
and human sides of its subjects." No technical
jargon irritates the general reader in these anec-
dotal pages, where lively dialogue and amusing
incident engage the attention without necessarily
evoking troublesome queries as to the authenticity
of it all. If the discursive chapters excite interest
and make more familiar the names that head them,
that at any rate is a desirable end in itself. Four-
teen artists, each neatly characterized — as
Benjamin West, the painter of destiny; John
Singleton Copley, the painter of early gentility;
Gilbert Stuart, the painter of presidents; George
Innes, the painter of nature's moods, and so on—
are considered in succession, the remaining names
being Vedder, Homer, La Farge, Whistler, Sar-
gent, Abbey, Chase, Alexander, Weir, and Hassam.
Many reproductions are interspersed, but with
seldom an indication where the originals may be
seen, and a bibliography follows. (Dodd, Mead,
$2.50.)
Homely and full of "human interest" are the
objects described and in many instances pictured
in "The Quest of the Quaint," by Miss Virginia
Robie. Among the quaint objects of bygone art
treasured by this collector are bandboxes, samplers,
old needlework, pictures, colonial chintz, cottage
ornaments of various kinds, silhouettes, American
snuffboxes, crockery animals, and other amusing
creations of a primitive taste in things aBsthetic.
One merit not to be overlooked in Miss Robie's
book is that it names many articles possible of
collection without a long purse to pay the bill.
Old candlesticks and bandboxes and valentines are
still to be found and secured with no long journeys
or terrifying bills attendant on the quest; and,
better still, hardly any of these antiques of the
simpler sort are yet turned out by the gross in
modern factories for the deception of rich and
careless collectors. Twenty plates in half-tone and


478
[November 30
THE DIAL
unusually full index are among the excellent fea-
tures of this good book. (Little, Brown, $2.)
In the second volume of "The Home Connois-
seur Series" Mr. Fred. W. Burgess gives in handy
form much information concerning potters and
pottery. "Old Pottery and Porcelain is the title
of his book, which he opens with the prefatory
remark, noteworthy on account of its form if not
also because of its substance, that "in this, the
second volume of the series, pottery, which,
although at first crudely modelled and merely sun-
baked, has always been deemed essential in every
home, is treated upon." Naturally the pottery of
England, and especially of Staffordshire, claims
a larger section of the book than any other ware;
and no one interested in the Five Towns will
regret this. Useful chapters on the potter's art
and his materials, decorations, and glazes, pre-
historic pottery, and its historic beginnings, pre-
cede this portion; and chapters devoted to other
than English ceramic manufactures follow, with
some pages describing collections of special sorts,
reproductions, restorations, imitations, and so on.
Glossary and index then conclude the volume,
which is lavishly illustrated throughout. (Putnam,
$2.50.)
Illustrators of Shakespeare, from the earliest
crude attempts to embellish his works, or about
1655, to the finished art of Abbey and Sargent,
and Arthur Rackham and W. Heath Robinson are
richly represented in a special number of "The
International Studio," which bears the title
"Shakespeare in Pictorial Art." About thirty
pages of introductory, historical, and explanatory
matter are supplied by Mr. Malcolm C. Salaman,
and there are more than one hundred full-page
reproductions, many in color, of the work of
seventy-two artists. Shakespeare's birthplace and
his more notable portraits are also given. The
plays form an inexhaustible storehouse of sugges-
tion for the artist, and of course there is room for
almost unlimited variety of treatment in the same
theme, as this collection strikingly illustrates. It
is a sumptuous work, worthy of a sumptuous bind-
ing in place of the paper cover in which it is sold.
(Lane, $2.50.)
England has won no great measure of fame from
the invention of artistic designs in furniture, but
she has placed her stamp upon patterns adopted
from other countries; and among the distinctive
styles attributed to her by reason of this impress
is that known as Jacobean, heavy and massive in
build and running much to a superfluity of stout
legs and an excess of spiral carving. An instruc-
tive and not uninteresting book on "Jacobean
Furniture and English Styles in Oak and Walnut"
is written by Mrs. Helen Churchill Candee and
generously illustrated from seventeenth-century
and later examples. Evidently not all that is rich
and rare in furniture is in mahogany. The cheap-
ness and modernness of varnish are impressed upon
one by these well-informed chapters of Mrs.
Candee's. But they are by no means confined to
such superficialities. Conciseness and brevity are
not the least of the book's virtues — it has only
fifty-six pages. (Stokes, $1.25.)
Niceties of domestic furnishing and decoration
are expertly handled by Mrs. Hazel H. Adler in
"The New Interior," a handsomely illustrated vol-
ume calculated to please those possessed of both
taste and a comfortable income as well as a Wring
for what is aesthetically satisfying in the minutest
details of their home environment. Here is a
typical passage: "If breakfast is enjoyed in bed,
it may be served on a dazzling white tray with
an exquisite rose pink tray cover, and white china
with a deep pink border; or the tray may have a
green cover and sprigged peasant china; or a
delft blue cover with delft blue and white china."
Those who believe the home should be artistically
expressive of its inmates and not an accidental
conglomeration of more or less conventional pat-
terns and colors, will welcome the many helpful
suggestions in this book. Its chapters consider,
among other topics, the treatment of walls, the
selection of furniture, the problem of the dining
table, the country house, the city apartment, chil-
dren's rooms, making over old houses, "the little
touches," and, somewhat outside the main theme,
the modern church interior. Various artists have
contributed illustrations, many in color, and there
are also pictures from photographs. (Century,
$3.)
The handy guide to Florentine art compiled by
Mrs. Henry Ady (Julia Cartwright) nearly fifteen
years ago, and since then six times reprinted, is
now again offered to readers and buyers. "The
Painters of Florence from the Thirteenth to the
Sixteenth Century" is the book's title. Enthusias-
tic in her love of Italian art, and well read in its
history, Mrs. Ady writes with the skill and the
power to command attention that have distin-
guished her in a varied range of literary work.
The half-tone reproductions, seventeen in number,
are necessarily too small to do justice to the
originals, but will serve as suggestions. (Dutton,
$1.50.)
Outstanding Cartoons.
The measure of a man may safely be taken by
his sense of humor, particularly where he himself
is involved. So with nations. The cartoons which
a nation produces, particularly at such a time as
the present, have a peculiar, not to say, significant
interest. One of the most interesting volumes of
the many which have recently been compiled is that
entitled "International Cartoons of the "War"
(Dutton, $1.50), edited by H. Pearl Adam. Among
the sixty-odd drawings contained in this volume
are representative cartoons from English, Italian,
American, Japanese, Russian, Polish, French, and
German sources. Assembled thus in a single book
they afford the student of humanity a deal of
information.
A somewhat gayer volume is Heath Robinson's
"Hunlikely!" (Duckworth, $1.). Mr. Robinson
has long been justly famous for his delighful
drolleries in the London "Sketch," but aside from
the quaint humor of his ingenious designs for
"Armored Bayonet Curlers for Spoiling the
Temper of the Enemy's Steel" or for "Screw-
stoppers for Plugging the Muzzles of the Enemy's
Rifles," there is no lack of appreciation for the-


1916]
479
THE DIAL
foibles of his countrymen. Certainly a nation
which can at a time of ordeal laugh good-
humoredly, has in it elements of greatness! In
strong contrast with certain German tendencies,
there is here nothing of boorishness or ill-temper.
A fair laugh and a hearty one!
It is no small satisfaction to discover that our
own Cesare of the "New York Sun," holds his own
as a cartoonist of international events. He has
long been one of the outstanding cartoonists this
side the water, but his cartoons of the war give
him more than local significance. The best of
these have been collected in "One Hundred Car-
toons" (Small, Maynard, $3.), and every American
interested in the art of the cartoon cannot but
find this collection of more than temporary inter-
est. Aside from a splendid technique, Cesare is
possessed of a poetic fervor, imagination, and a
keen feeling for beauty. Many of these are draw-
ings of a very noble order, qualified by a sentiment
that is not mawkish. Because of his power as
much as his fine restraint, Cesare may be said
to be an aristocrat among American cartoonists.
Most interesting of all the cartoons called forth
by the war are those of Louis Raemaekers of
Holland. These are certainly an addition to the
world's great cartoons and must long remain a
significant commentary on the present struggle.
Conviction has winged Raemaekers's pen with such
virile penetration that the Kaiser has set a price
upon his head, and small wonder. For it is with
the outraged sense of the angels that Raemaekers
has witnessed the invasion of Belgium, and the
slaughter of the world's youth. Raemaekers is too
big a man to hate his enemy,— no Prussian tricks
for him. And he is also too big a man to accept
the spineless dictates of neutrality. Despite the
politics of his country or the welfare of his own
purse, he spoke out. Because of his conviction
there is in his work a spiritual quality that grips
and stirs one to white heat. These are not merry
pictures, but no man or woman should evade the
responsibility of studying each one of them. They
tell us more than can words something of what
the men at the front have suffered. Those of us
who have not done our bit in actual service, owe
it to the memory of those who have, to realize
as intimately and vividly as is possible what war
is. Else, how shall we know the magnitude of
our debt? (Doubleday, Page, $5.)
New Editions op Old Favorites.
Stevenson's romances, like those of his master,
Sir Walter, lend themselves readily to the illus-
trator's art; and an artist of skill and taste can,
with his brush or pencil, add not a little to the
interest and charm of the tale. Such an artist
Mr. N. C. Wyeth shows himself to be in the pic-
torial accompaniment to "The Black Arrow," an
attractive and even sumptuous example of the
holiday gift-book. Dick Skelton and the other
chief characters are conceived in the right spirit
and well drawn. All the illustrations, fourteen
in number, are bright with color, but less glaring
than some that have been seen. Binding and
wrapper and end leaves are pictorially embel-
lished. (Scribner, $2.25.)
Under the title "Old Christmas" are gathered
five seasonable chapters from Irving's "Sketch
Book," with illustrations in profusion by Mr.
Frank Dadd. The colored frontispiece is admir-
able, fairly alive with human and animal activity,
the other pictures, colored and plain, are of vary-
ing excellence, but the work as a whole forms a
most acceptable gift-book for Christmas. Why the
publishers, or the editor, should have so care-
fully refrained from any mention of the source of
these selections — except as to their authorship —
would puzzle anyone not already familiar with
the ways of Christmas books. The chapter-head-
ings, as in the original work, are as follows:
"Christmas," "The Stage Coach," "Christmas
Eve," "Christmas Day," and "The Christmas Din-
ner." An ornamented box holds the book. (Put-
nam, $2.50.)
One of Hawthorne's minor works, the rambling
sketch called "The Seven Vagabonds," comes out
this season in a special illustrated edition. Many
should enjoy reviving their acquaintance with the
travelling showman and, still more, with the
scholarly young gentleman who hired a corner of
the showman's wagon and converted it into a
peripatetic bookshop, a "circulating library," as
he humorously explained, "since there were few
parts of the country where it had not gone its
rounds." And there are other notable characters.
Italic type is used throughout the book, and its
fifty pages are interspersed with eight clean-cut
and finely appropriate drawings by Miss Helen
Mason Grose. (Houghton Mifflin, $1.)
Hector Malot's "Sans Famille," first published
in 1878 and crowned by the French Academy, is
so good a story as to merit repeated republication
and retranslation. Miss Florence Crewe-Jones
now offers a version with the title, "Nobody's
Boy." Four colored pictures are furnished by
Mr. John B. Gruelle. Known only in part to
many a school and college student, this story is
well worth reading to the end — in French if
possible, but, far better than not at all, in a
fluent English rendering like the one now at hand.
(Cupples & Leon, $1.25.)
Again the pleasing parable of "The Land of the
Blue Flower,' by Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett,
is offered to the reading public. The story of King
Amor and his law that everyone in the kingdom
must plant and care for a blue flower, and how
the poor cripple who could plant none yet won
the king's special favor, is in this edition appro-
priately embellished with a floral marginal design
in blue. Colored pictures are also inserted. As a
handsome gift book at a moderate price, it is sure
of a welcome. (Moffat, Yard, $1.25.)
Holiday Fiction.
Mark Twain's posthumous romance — thus
styled on the title-page, but more properly a par-
able — already familiar in its serial form to
readers of "Harper's Magazine," deserves prom-
inent notice among the season's works of fiction.
"The Mysterious Stranger" has its scene laid in
mediaeval Austria. The Stranger is Satan in dis-
guise. Shocking to all the conventionalities are
his freely expressed opinions on many themes.


480
[November 30
THE DIAL
Not a few of his bitterly satirical utterances are
peculiarly appropriate to the present time. Per-
haps he might be regarded as a kind of first cousin
to the same author's Connecticut Yankee, the same
disconcerting perspicacity appearing in both.
Mr. N. C. Wyeth illustrates the tale with seven
colored plates in harmony with its spirit. (Harper,
$2.)
Miss Marshall Saunders, whose "Beautiful Joe"
is said to have passed the million mark in circula-
tion since its first appearance twenty-one years
ago, offers this season another dog story, "The
Wandering Dog." It does not tend to make the
narrative "convincing"—as we say for lack of a
better word — to have the four-footed hero write
his own autobiography; but as soon as one gets
used to that palpable absurdity, the rapid succes-
sion of stirring events in the hero's life begins to
hold the attention. Not even dogs are able to
preserve their neutrality in the present war, it
appears from this book, as an English bulldog
and a German dachshund make very evident. New
York is the scene of the story, and some of the
chief characters are shown in half-tone portraits
from real life. Miss Saunders has given us a
good example of canine fiction, and one that will
advance the cause of the S. P. C. A. (Doran,
$1.50.)
How a Christmas card called back a wandering
lover to the maiden of his choice is prettily set
forth, with many tender and touching details,
in "The Romance of a Christmas Card, by Mrs.
Riggs, better known as Elate Douglas Wiggin.
New England country life and country talk are
agreeably presented. It is the minister's wife who
designs the card that brings about the happy
reunion of the lovers, and the reader is left to
imagine the most delightful and satisfying issue
to this joyous event. The colored pictures indis-
pensable to such a Christmas story are not lack-
ing, and they are supplemented by line drawings
and pleasing decorations. (Houghton Mifflin, $1.)
Eleven short stories illustrating the truth that a
guilty conscience is its own accuser are collected
in Mr. Cyrus Townsend Brady's little book, "And
Thus He Came: A Christmas Fantasy." In each
of these tales a fleeting vision, an unmistakable
presence, works a sudden rescue from sin or
despair or both. Idealistic in the extreme, these
Christmas stories will find delighted readers — but
not among the lovers of realism. Mr. Walter D.
Everett supplies six colored illustrations. The
book is( decoratively bound. (Putnam, $1.)
Not even Rab or Stickeen lays a stronger hold
on the reader's affections than the faithful and
intelligent dog Scotch, whose tragic history is told
by his master, Mr. Enos A. Mills, in "The Story
of Scotch." Tragic only in its ending is this
canine biography; the life as a whole of the
devoted collie was a bright and rather joyously
eventful one. His faithfulness to duty, his brave
and cheerful participation in danger and hardship,
his attachment to his master, whose life he once
(and perhaps oftener) saved at considerable cost
to himself—all this is well told in the book, as
indeed it has already been fragmentarily related
elsewhere by the author. Some,happy snap-shots
of Scotch, both in repose and in action, enliven the
narrative, which ends all too soon with a brief
account of the four-footed hero's death, in attempt-
ing to extinguish a lighted fuse which he mistook
for an incipient forest fire such as he had been
trained to take action against at all hazards. In
the blast that came at the moment of the dog's
response to the seeming call for his services he was
instantly killed. (Houghton Mifflin, 75 cts.)
Miscellaneous Holiday Publications.
Though not in the least imitative, "A Country
Chronicle," by Professor Grant Showerman, has
the same sort of charm that is found in "Huckle-
berry Finn" and "Tom Sawyer" and "The Story
of a Bad Boy." It is not like any one of these
books, except that it is simply told, with touches
of humor and raciness. It evidently pictures much
of its author's own up-bringing in the wholesome
atmosphere of a middle-western farming commu-
nity of New England antecedents, and is filled with
the innocent pastimes, the healthful activities, the
unconventional sociabilities, of a country town in
the good old times so many of us like to recall.
Many amusing and half-forgotten boyish ways
and childish superstitions are admirably repro-
duced, as in the passage where the "sideache" from
hard running (how well we recall it!) is cured
by lifting a half-buried stone from the ground,
spitting into its bed, and carefully replacing it.
The narrative is in the first person, in the sup-
posed style of a ten-year-old boy, which of course,
in a book, can be only an approximation to such
a style in actuality. But the verisimilitude is not
bad. Good pictures abound, drawn by Mr. George
Wright. (Century, $1.50.)
Poems of sea-faring life published by Mr.
John Masefield in the last five or six years are
collected in a generously illustrated volume under
the" title, "Salt-Water Poems and Ballads." The
stirring, realistic quality of these pieces hardly
needs to be pointed out at this time. In illus-
trating them with brush and pencil Mr. Charles
Pears has caught their spirit. Twelve colored and
twenty black-and-white pictures accompany the
poems; and if the colors are at times a bit start-
ling, so are the verses. A glossary of nautical
terms and sailors' slang is appended. (Macmillan,
$2.)
The born gardener is almost sure to prefer the
enclosed garden to the modern fenceless, hedge-
less, wholly unprotected and undefined area
devoted to flowers and shrubs. Such at any rate
is the preference of Mrs. Louise Beebe Wilder,
whose book, "My Garden," is not for those that
love only open lawns and would dispense with
privacy as soon as they pass out of the front
door. Inspiration, even more than guidance, is
found in the agreeable pages of this horticultural
enthusiast. Even her chapter-headings are invit-
ing, as for example: "The Day before Spring,"
"May in the Garden," "June Magic," "Autumn
Beauty," "The Lure of the Lily," "Who's Who
among the Annuals," and "Green Draperies."
Useful flower-lists are given here and there, but
no index points the way to any particular topic.


1916]
481
THE DIAL
Glimpses of Mrs. Wilder's garden, or of some
garden, real or imaginary, are pleasingly given in
drawings by Mr. Will Simmons. A riot of bloom
is commonly shown; for though the writer sticks
to the old-fashioned garden wall, she does not
return to the old-time stiffness and regularity in
garden arrangement. A few colored views of her
luxuriant hollyhocks and pinks, foxgloves and
peonies, climbing roses and border roses, would
have been welcome. (Doubleday, Page, $1.50.)
An Emerson lecturing on love involves, to many
observers, a comical absurdity. What does a sub-
limated transcendental philosophy know of the
fiery passion of love? Mr. Arthur L. Salmon's
well-ordered discourses on "The Joy of Love and
Friendship" (which open with quotations from
Thoreau and Emerson) throw little or no new light
on this tremendous emotion; but of love in its
larger sense he does write informingly and well.
To him "friendship at its highest is love and
nothing else." And so his book, as was doubtless
his intention, is more properly a dissertation on
friendship than a presentation of the raptures of
love. Old and admitted truths, even commonplaces
and platitudes, can hardly be wholly excluded from
such a treatise; but to many of us the familiar
and the recognized are more welcome than the
new and startling. In thirty-one thoughtful chap-
ters the author's theme is ably and at times sug-
gestively and helpfully developed. (Forbes,
75 cts.)
The difficulties and dangers and delicate respon-
sibilities of friendship have been less written about
than its joys and beauties and refining graces.
In Miss Bertha Conde's thoughtful treatise on
"The Business of Being a Friend," she does not
shirk the more serious aspects of this precarious
relationship; for it is, in very truth, a tie ever
liable to sudden rupture from an infinite variety
of causes. Yet with tact and will, friendship can
be made firm and lasting. It is a fine art as well
as a serious business. Miss Cond6 treats, first, of
the normal life as one of friendship, then of find-
ing oneself in friendship, of how friends come, of
the marks of enduring friendship, the tests of
friendship, and so on, ending with the respon-
sibilities of friendship. She writes from a rich
experience as Student Secretary for the National
Board of Young Women's Christian Associations.
Dr. Richard C. Cabot cordially commends the book
in a brief introduction. (Houghton Mifflin, $1.25.)
The dog, "whose mute and constant friendship
links the man and brute," was made the subject of
an anthology last year, and again this year his
praises are sung in a book of verse. Mr. J. Earl
Clauson, compiler of "The Dog's Book of Verse,"
groups his selections under four heads: "Puppy-
hood," "The Human Relationship," "The Dog in
Action," and "The Dog's Hereafter." From poets
as famous as Burns and Byron to the modest but
prolific Mr. Anonymous a wide range of talent is
represented. An alphabetic index of authors would
have been a useful addition to the book, which has
only a table of contents as a way-finder. Nearly
ninety poems are given. (Small, Maynard, $1.)
A man fond of meditation is likely to amuse
himself by putting into short and pithy maxims
what life means to him. An amateur philosopher
of this sort gives us a little book of such wisdom
in tabloid form, with the title, "Reflections of a
Cornfield Philosopher." Mr. E. W. Helms is the
author, and he says some good things — also some
not so good. There are fifty-eight pages of this
cornfield philosophy, each page decorated with
two vigorous cornstalks bearing two ears apiece;
and a bunch of the ripened ears still further adorns
the title-page. Both print and decoration are in
brown, like the study that produced the book.
(Crowell, 50 cts.)
Much amusing nonsense in the form of broken
English, or distorted English, is to be found in
"Seven Maids of Far Cathay: Being English
Notes from a Chinese Class Book. Compiled by
Bing Ding. Illustrated by Ai Lang." A foreword
gravely informs us that these notes were steno-
graphically taken down as read by the members
of the graduating class of the Woman's Anglo-
Chinese College at Neuchang, China. It is all
rather good fooling, much like Mr. Wallace Irwin's
"Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy" in its laugh-
able twisting of idioms. Here is the Anglo-
Chinese definition of genius: "Geniuses are
birthed not made. Of that, the truth, I have con-
fidence of the uttermost. Two possessions must
be theirs — Longevity of Hair and Billiousness of
Character." A few half-tone views, presumably
Chinese, with a lesser number of professedly
amateur drawings, go with the Notes, which are
also decorated in a Chinese manner. (Elder,
$1.25.)
Considerable ado is made, in an entertaining
fashion, over an experiment on the part of two
maiden ladies in keeping house for one summer
without any servants. Content with Flies" is
the whimsical name of the book in which the
experience is chronicled. "As cats when they can
get no mice content themselves with catching flies"
supplied this name. The authors, Miss Mary
Findlater and Miss Jane Findlater, reminded of
the need of economy in these hard times, hired a
remote cottage in rural Scotland and achieved the
unheard-of triumph of worrying through with
only a little help from outside. It is all brightly
and humorously told, and to many readers, espe-
cially of the writers' sex, may seem well worth the
telling. The cottage and a few scenes in the neigh-
borhood are represented in half-tone. (Dutton,
$1.)
Of course everyone can name the Seven Won-
ders of the ancient world — until the attempt is
actually made. To refresh our memories on this
head, and to give us some of the latest results of
archaeological research, Dr. Edgar J. Banks, Field
Director of the Babylonian expedition sent out
by the University of Chicago, has prepared a
handy volume on these marvels of antiquity, with
abundant illustrations, plans, and maps — all
extending to nearly two hundred pages of learned
and readable matter. The list of the wonders, as
given by the author, does not include the hanging
gardens of Babylon, but merely the walls; and
in the matter of pyramids it restricts itself to


482
[November 30
THE DIAL
New Crowell
Juveniles
"The Best in Books"
Frank Cole—PICTURE BIRTHDAY BOOK
FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. With 12 illus-
trations in color. Ifimo, cloth, net SO cents;
leather, 75 cents, postage extra.
Daniel DeFoe — ROBINSON CRUSOE.
Complete edition with 210 illustrations by
Gordon Robinson. 8vo, net, $1.25, postage
extra.
Lilian Gask—STORIES ABOUT BEARS.
Illustrated in color. 8vo, net, $1.00, post-
age extra.
Henry Gilbert — BOYS' BOOK OF PI-
RATES. With 12 illustrations and colored
wrapper. 8vo, net, $1.50, postage extra.
STORY OF THE INDIAN MUTINY. With
12 illustrations and colored wrapper. 8vo,
net, $1.50, postage extra.
Maude M. Hanklns —DADDY GANDER
RHYMES (trademark). A companion
book to "Mother Goose." Illustrated by
Walker. 8vo, net, 50 cents, postage extra.
G. A. Leask—HEROES OF THE GREAT
WAR, or Winning the Victoria Cross.
Illustrated. 12mo, net $1.50,postage extra.
Nellie M. Leonard —THE GRAYMOUSE
FAMILY: The Adventures of 'Uncle
Squeaky" aad "Llmpy Toes." Illus-
trated by Walker. 8vo, net, 50 cents, post-
age extra.
Edwin L. Sabln—THE BOY SETTLER or
Terry In the New West. Describes events
in Kansas territory in emigrant days
(1857-1858). Full of excitement and valu-
able information. 8vo, net, $1.00, postage
extra,
Joh.injna Spyrl —THE ROSE CHILD.
Translated by Helen B. Dole. Illustrated
in color by Charles Copeland. 8vo, net, 50
cents, postage extra.
H. G. TunnlclllI—A CHILD'S PILGRIM'S
PROGRESS. Simplified for children, with
all the adventures retained. Illustrated in
color, 12mo, net, 75 cents, postage extra.
Harold F. B. Wheeler HOY'S LIFE OF
LORD KITCHENER. With color frontis-
piece, 15 black and white illustrations and
attractive wrapper. 8vo, net, $1.50, post-
age extra.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
New York
that of Khufu (our old friend Cheops). To those
of us who cherish memories of fabulous gardens
suspended by ropes from the blue sky, it is a
disappointment to find but scant notice taken of
these marvels of our childhood imaginings. Where
ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise in Baby-
lonian lore. But "The Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World" is a book of irreproachable
scholarship. (Putnam, $1.50.)
Time was, and that not long ago, when about
all that was known regarding ancient Greek and
Roman family life and domestic architecture coulc"
be agreeably acquired from Becker's "Charikles'
and Gallus." In fact, it is only in the present
century and with the recent eye-opening discov-
eries in Crete that any detailed and accurate
knowledge has been gained concerning Hellenic
habitations. "The Greek House," by Miss Bertha
Carr Rider, a classical student of high attain-
ments, presents in scholarly form some important
results of Cretan excavation and expert archaeo-
logical research. Not all will care whether the
Homeric house had a prodomos between the
aithousa and the megaron, but some will be inter-
ested in this and other questions intelligently dis-
cussed by Dr. Rider — for this same treatise
brought her the degree of Doctor of Literature in
the University of London. The text is illustrated
with plans and other drawings. (Putnam, $3.25.)
So many years have passed since the issue of the
second edition of Baynard Rush Hall's rambling
account of "The New Purchase" that its republica-
tion now wears the aspect of a new book. But
the author's preface, dated 1843, is a convincing
reminder of the volume's antiquity — as Amer-
ican books go. Professor James A. Woodburn
writes an introduction, commending the reissue as
"a worthy contribution to the centennial celebra-
tion of Indiana's admission to statehood," and
adding that the work has been pronounced "one of
the best books ever written concerning life in the
West." Certainly it is a curiosity, part fact and
part fiction — in the proportion of four to one,
as its preface intimates. At all events, there is
a good deal of some sort of reading matter between
the two covers — 522 large pages of rather fine
print. A portrait of the author, who was the first
professor appointed at the Indiana Seminary, now
Indiana University, serves as frontispiece. A
map of the "New Purchase, 1818," covering
central Indiana, an old view of Indiana College,
and additional portraits are also given. (Princeton
University Press, $2.)
Calendars in profusion remind us at this time
of the going out of the old year and the coming
in of the new. An elaborately designed reminder
of this sort, entitled "Impressions Calendar,"
comes from the hand of Mr. Harold Sichel. It
has a page, with prose or verse quotation, for each
week in the year, and also an opening and a clos-
ing page, for good measure. It is published in
handsome form, multi-colored and very attractive,
by Paul Elder & Co. of San Francisco.— Of the
same week-by-week arrangement are the colored
calendars issued by Sully & Kleinteich, each sup-
plied with selections from a celebrated author.


1916]
483
THE DIAL
Notes and News.
"Things as They Are," by Mr. Berton Braley,
is the title of a new volume of verse by the author
of "Songs of the Workaday World," announced
for early publication by the George H. Doran Co.
Mr. Ludwig Lewisohn's "The Spirit of Modern
German Literature," which Mr. B. W. Huebsch
is soon to publish, outlines the meaning and scope
of the poetry, novels, and speculative works of
modern Teutonic writers.
To supplement their "Cambridge History of
English Literature," Messrs. Putnam will publish
the "Cambridge History of American Literature."
It is to be a two-volume edition, the first of which
will appear late this season.
The British censor has refused to permit the
publication of an English edition of Mr. John
Gallishaw's "Trenching at Gallipoli," which bears
the Century imprint, on the ground that it divulges
a number of important military secrets.
A volume of university and cathedral .sermons
by the late Canon William Banks, entitled "The
Gospel of Consolation" (to which the Dean of
Canterbury has contributed a Preface), is soon to
be issued by Messrs. Longmans as a memorial
edition.
Many of the sonnets included in a volume
entitled "Sonnets: A First Series," by Mr. Mahlon
Leonard Fisher, which is to be privately printed
and soon to be published, appeared originally in
the anthology compiled by Professor Laura E.
Lockwood.
The faculty and classes of Notre-Dame Univer-
sity, Indiana, have recently founded a poetry
society, under the direction of Mr. Charles L.
O'Donnell, whose "The Dead Musician, and Other
Poems" is one of the recent publications of Mr.
Laurence J. Gomme.
"The Mississippi Valley in British Politics," by
Clarence W. Alvord, Ph.D., is announced by the
Arthur H. Clark Co. As stated in its sub-title, it
is "a study of the trade, land speculation, and
experiments in imperialism culminating in the
American Eevolution."
Mr. John Cowper Powys, whose second novel
"Rodmoor" was recently published by Mr. G.
Arnold Shaw, has returned from his lecture tour of
the cities of the middle-west, and is now giving
a series of lectures in New York City on English
and American authors.
Mr. Vachel Lindsay tells of his experiences
"while afoot and penniless in Florida, Georgia,
North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania," in his new volume
"A Handy Guide for Beggars," which the
Macmillan Co. is about to publish.
Miss Edith Blinn, author of "The Ashes of My
Heart," is a graduate of the University of Chicago,
where, under the tutelage of Miss Maude Radford
Warren, she did much promising work. "The
Ashes of My Heart," published by the Markwell
Publishing Co., is described as "a western tale
filled with thrills."
PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
ILLINOIS, 1916
SPECULUM REGALE
Edited by GEORGE T. FLOM
MS. 243 Ba of the Arnamaenuan Collection in
Copenhagen; a parchment codex of 136 pages, a
beautiful example of Old Norwegian handwriting of
the thirteenth century, reproduced in full size by
gelatine process facsimile plates, with Introduction,
diplomatic text, and Notes by Professor Flom.
150 numbered copies (70 available), 258 pages,
and 136 plates, bound in half-leather.
$16.00 net, plus expressage.
THE GENUS PHORADENDRON
By WILLIAM TRELEASE
A monograph of the exclusively American genus
to which the mistletoe belongs: morphology and
geographic distribution (with map), complete re-
classification, and descriptions of the 240 species,
with their 87 varieties. Illustrated by full-size half-
tones, showing specimens, nine-tenths of which are
here figured for the first time.
Royal octavo, 224 pages and 245 plates.
Paper, $1.00; cloth, $t.60 net, plus expressage.
THE JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND GERMANIC
PHILOLOGY
Managing Editor. JULIUS GOEBEL
Associate Editors: H. S. V. JONES and G. T. FLOM
Now in its fifteenth volume. Published quarterly,
at 38.00 a year.
MONOGRAPHS
Three series of monographs are published by the
University of Illinois, as listed below. Each series
is published Quarterly. The total number of pages in
a volume of four numbers is about 600, but the size
of the individual numbers varies considerably.
$8.00 a year for each series.
STUDIES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Board of Editors
E. L. BOGART, J. A. FAIRLIE. L. M. LARSON
The History of the General Property Tax in
Illinois, by R. M. Haig ($1.26).
Church and State in Massachusetts, 1691-1740, by
Susan M. Reed (31.05).
The Illinois Whigs before 1846, by C. M. Thompson
(30.95).
The History of the Illinois Central Railroad to
1870. by H. G. Brownson (81.25).
The Enforcement of International Law through
Municipal Law in the United States, by P. Q.
Wright (31.26).
The Life of Jesse W. Fell, by Frances M. More-
house (30.60).
Land Tenure in the United States with special
reference to Illinois, by C. L. Stewart (80.75).
ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS
Editorial Committee
H. B. WARD, S. A. FORBES, WILLIAM
TRELEASE
A Revision of the Cestode Family Proteocephalidae.
by G. R. LaRue (32.00).
Studies on the Cestode Family Anoplocephalidae,
by Hermann Douthitt (80.80).
Larval Trematodes from North American Fresh-
Water Snails, by W. W. Cort (31.20).
The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae, by
S. B. Fracker (31.50).
On the Osteology of Some of the Loricati, by
J. E. Gutberlet (80.50).
Studies in the Gregarines. by Minnie E. Watson
(32.00).
The Genus Meliola in Porto Rico, by F. L. Stevens
(80.76).
Studies of the Factors controlling Regeneration, by
Charles Zeleny (7n Press).
The Head-capsule and Mouth-parts of Diptera,
by A. Peterson (In Press).
Studies on North American PolyBtomidae, Aspi-
dogastri, and Paramphistomidae, by H. W. Stunk-
ard (In Press).
STUDIES IN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Board of Editors
W. A. OLDFATHER, S. P. SHERMAN, G. T. FLOM
The Phonology of the Dialect of Aurland, Norway,
by G. T. Flom (31.26).
Studies in the Milton Tradition, by J. W. Good
(31.76).
Thomas Warton, by Clarissa Rinaker (31.00).
Illustrations from Medieval Romance on Tiles from
Chertsey Abbey, by R. S. Loom is (30.76).
Joseph Ritson. by H. A. Burd (31.16).
Order from H. E. CUNNINGHAM. Secretary,
158-B Administration Building, Urbana, III.


484
[November 30
THE DIAL
THE ASHES
MY HEART
EDITH BLINN
A Book of Heart Throbs
In this book we have a thrilling story
of the battle in a young girl's soul be-
tween heredity and environment. Ashes
of My Heart is powerful; a love story
full of emotional climaxes and fearless
in its expose of the deadly opium evil.
Critics all over the country have ac-
claimed it as one of the most powerful
books of the year. While it deals with
the sorrows and heart burnings of a
woman and the people around her there
is nothing in this book to give offense.
The author deals with her subject in a
perfectly natural and straight forward
way; and the reader, even though he
shudders at the plight into which the
young girl, Khoda, falls, can have noth-
ing but the most heartfelt sympathy for
her. Ashes of My Heart is such a vivid
portrayal of the human mind and its
workings that it reads like a biography
rather than fiction.
"A wild weird story told with a cer-
tain power."—New York Times.
"One of the most remarkable studies
of human nature and of the influence of
drugs upon a human being that has
been written since the days of De Quin-
cey's 'Confessions of Au Opium Eater."'
—The Bookseller.
modern emotional novel with
of thrills."—New York Herald.
"A
plenty
Jacket in three colors. Illustrated.
At your bookseller or postpaid $1.35
MARKWELL PUBLISHING
COMPANY
145 West 45th St. New York
Mr. Rudyard Kipling is represented in the list
of war hooks of the season. His contribution,
entitled "Sea Warfare," is to be published in
December by the Macmillan Co., and will include
among chapter headings "Fringes of the Fleet,"
"Tales of the Trade, and "Destroyers at Jut-
land."
Mr. George Moore, the Irish novelist whose
"The Brook Kerith," published by the Macmillan
Co., is one of the most widely discussed novels of
the season, will visit the United States in January
on a lecture tour. A biography of this distin-
guished novelist and critic, by Susan L. Mitchell,
has just been published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead
& Co.
Among the poets represented by "war inspired"
poems in Professor J. W. Cunliffe's anthology
"Poems of the Great War," are John Masefield,
Lincoln Colcord, Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Rupert
Brooke, Alfred Noyes, Rabindranath Tagore,
William Benet, and Walter de la Mare. The
Macmillan Co. will issue this anthology shortly.
A series of twelve talks by poets on poetry has
been initiated by "Poetry" magazine. Among the
speakers are Padraic Colum, Amy Lowell, Mary
Aldis, Florence Kiper Frank, Vachel Lindsay,
Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Carl Sandburg, Arthur
Davison Ficke, Eunice Tietjens, and Harriet
Monroe. The talks are held at the Chicago Little
Theatre.
A book which should be of interest to collectors
is announced for early publication by Messrs.
Lippincott. It represents the combined effort of
Messrs. Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Abbot
McClure and is entitled "The Practical Book of
Early American Arts and Crafts." A feature of
value will be its list of early American silver-
smiths and their trademarks.
In his volume "Modern Economic Problems,"
announced for early publication by The Century
Co., Frank A. Fetter, Professor of Economics at
Princeton University, discusses, among other prob-
lems, "The Material Resources of the Nation,"
"The Value of Money," "The Functions of Banks,"
"Social Insurance," and "The Problem of Mon-
opoly, and Public Ownership."
In addition to "Amores," a volume of poems by
Mr. D. H. Lawrence, just issued, Mr. B. W.
Huebsch announces the publication of two other
books by this gifted author: "The Prussian Offi-
cer," a volume, not of war tales, but a collection of
stories written before the outbreak of the conflict;
and "Twilight in Italy," a record of the impres-
sions of places and peoples made by the author
during a walking tour.
With the death of Dr. Percival Lowell, the
world has lost one of its most energetic workers
for the advancement of pure science. He was
born in Boston on March 13, 1855. His father,
Augustus Lowell, was identified with the educa-
tion, art, and science of that city. At his famous
observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona, Dr. Lowell and
his staff accomplished a mass of spectroscopic,
photographic, visual, and mathematical work which
won him a distinguished place in the history of
astronomy.


1916]
THE DIAL
George Gibbs's new novel, "Paradise Alley,"
announced for early publication by Messrs. D.
Appleton & Co., concerns itself with the experi-
ences of a young man who, under the terms of his
father's will, is brought up in total ignorance of
woman until, at the age of twenty-one, he is thrown
out into the world upon his own resources, and
makes some interesting discoveries.
Barrett Wendell, Professor of English at
Harvard University since 1898, has been elected
to membership in the American Academy of Arts
and Letters. Professor Wendell is quite as well
known abroad as in this country, having served
as a sort of literary ambassador to Cambridge and
the universities of France. The impressions which
he collected during his sojourn among the French
served to make the delightful volume, The France
of To-day," which is perhaps his most popular
book. His style is noted for its pungency and
vigor.
Jack London, the best known of California's
authors, died the 22d of November at his ranch
in Glen Ellen, California. His life was as adven-
turous and strenuous as that of his heroes. Born
in San Francisco January 12, 1876, he was edu-
cated in the public schools there. He entered the
University of California, but failed to complete
his course, as he was one of the many who par-
ticipated in the famous gold rush to the Klondike
in 1897. Even before this he had gone to sea
as a common seaman and worked up to a master's
certificate, journeyed to Japan, and joined seal
hunting expeditions in the Bering Sea. In 1899
he tramped through the United States, to make
a first-hand study of social and economic prob-
lems, which material he used in his writings. For
two years he cruised the South Seas in his yacht,
"The Snark." Mr. London was deeply interested
in socialism. He was an indefatigable writer, and
his fiction is best represented in "The Sea Wolf";
"John Barleycorn" is popularly accepted as con-
taining much that is autobiographical. In addi-
tion to these, Mr. London was the author of about
forty books, several plays, and many short-stories.
Topics in Trading Periodicals.
December, 1916.
Alaska. Selling Out. "A Naval Expert" . Century
Alcohol in Russia. R. P. Blake Atlantic
Allies, Economic Heresy of the. T. L. Stoddard Century
Aragon, Adventuring into. Amy Oakley Harper
Army Hospital Trains Rev. of Revs.
Bigler, F. R.: Cripple Who Refused to be Downed American
Boldt, George C, of the Waldrof-Astoria . . American
Botha of South Africa Rev. of Revs.
Boy Scout, The. James E. West .... Rev. of Revs.
Boyd, Judge James E., of North Carolina American
Brains and Bean Measures. E. F. Bowers McClure
British Empire and Closer Union. T. H.
Boggs Am. Pol. Set. Rev.
Burns, Painless War Cure for. A. Dosch-Fleurot World's Work
Child in Art, The. Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer . Scribner
China. America's Silent Partner. J. W. Jenks World's Work
Christian Cooperation. Frank H. Fox . . Rev. of Revs.
Comets, What We Know about. W. W. Campbell Scientist
Commandments, The Black. Jean K. MacKenzie . Atlantic
Coral Islands and Mangrove-Trees. Richard Le
Gallienne Harper
Dance, The. W. T. Benda Scribner
Democracy No Failure. Charles E. Russell . Pearson
Doctor,—How Should He Behave? B. J.
Hendrick World's Work
LAURENCE J. GOMME'S
NEW PUBLICATIONS
Anthology of Magazine Verse
1916 and Year Book of Ameri-
can Poetrv. (4th year) Edited by
WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE
$1.50
A series of these annual volumes for twenty years
would furnish the best spiritual history of our
generation.—Boston "Transcript.
VERSES: By HILAIRE BELLOC with
an Introduction by Joyce Kilmer. $1.25
A timely reprint of this well known author's
early work.
BALLADS: Patriotic and
Romantic. By clinton scollard,
$1.50
The fine singing quality of his verse places him
high among American poets.
THE CIRCUS and Other Essays
By JOYCE KILMER $1.00
The laughing truth which lies beneath the sur-
face of things.
2 East Twenty-Ninth Street, New York
TO THE
DISCRIMINATING
READER OF FICTION
THE BOSTON
TRANSCRIPT'S VERDICT
ON A NOVEL
IS OF SUPREME
IMPORTANCE
Therefore when this newspaper concludes a
column review with the statement
"A NOVEL
OF EXCEPTIONAL
DISTINCTION"
and asserts that "It Is so far above the aver-
age English and American fiction that one
can well exempt it from the necessity of
following the rules," your first inquiry on
entering a bookstore should be for JOHN
COWPEk PUWYS' second novel
RODMOOR

s


486
[November 30
THE DIAL

Utest and Most Interesting Books
BY
JOHN COWER P0WYS
AUTHOR "WOOD-STONC Vl5IONS~RCVISIONS.WOt.r3 BANE CTC-
SUSPENDED JUDGMENTS-
ESSAYS ONBOOK5ANDSENSAT10NS-*222
Dtspilt<tt unanimous rmrdid of tot Lrrtlcoin proclaiming
Mr Powys 'A ntn/norrlist f artatpoMr lit <i,ilitin-intuit that
htisoi kiabtst as an tssoytsl and that Ijjis book itty/or tht-best
MrPotlys bat yet m/riHtn*
RODMO OR.
Atttr<trbeokln*»'WccslSrv*'o*ntt'»itM<brlllinf romantic
on/in J1 It dtdltmfttt U lit tpinl t/r-ufiBr** ml a tlnnfj, m l*nf
ONE HUNDRED BEST BOOKS
7}/* MI* book i* M* b**1p*99tb!« If$t tftuyjejted reat/my fvrifam
ALL BOOKS BY JOHN COWER POWYS
and any bonk mentioned in NrJbmfy*' J. ecturvi canbtobiaiimtat
ANY GOOD BOOKSTORE
OR DIRECT BY MAIL MOM
"Incontestably the most important book of
the year."—New Scotsman.
Shakespeare's
England
Being an account of the life and manners of
his age. By thirty-eight collaborators, includ-
ing Robert Bridges, Sir Walter Raleigh, W.
Archer, W. J. Lawrence, D. Nichol Smith.
Edited by C. T. Onions. Two vols. Med. 8vo.
Cloth, pp. xxw +1166, with many illustrations.
Net, $10.00.
"We cannot too strongly commend this book
to every reader of Shakespeare."—Spectator.
"These two volumes enshrine in a perma-
nent form everything we know or need to know
about the England of Shakespeare's day."—
Pall Mall Gazette.
"The wealth of illustrative and interpreta-
tive material is greater and more useful than
has ever before been brought together within
the pages of a single book. . . A fine exhi-
bition of English scholarship, the greatest con-
tribution ever made to the study of Shake-
speare. ''—Glasgow Herald.
At all boolcsellers or from the Publishers
Oxford University Press
American Branch
35 West 32nd Street -:- New York
Drama, The War and the. Israel Zangwill Metropolitan
Economics, Teaching. C. E. Persons . Quar. Jour. Econ.
Edward VII., Love Stories of—III. Frank Harris Pearson
Empires, Two, at Grips. A. Conan Doyle Everybody')
England, What of? Atlantic
Factory Fodder. Gertrude Russell Pearson
Fairbanks, Douglas. George Creel .... Everybody's
Farmer, The New, and His New Water-Supply.
J. R. Smith Century
Father John, My Friend. Ralph Stuart . . . American
Federal Constitution, Amending Procedure of.
J. Tangier Am. Pol. Sci. Rev.
Feminism in Fiction and Real Life. Robert Grant Seribner
Food, Man's Desire for. Minna C. Denton Scientific
Foolishness, In Defense of. Carolyn Wells . . . McClure
Foreign Loans, The. H. V. Cann Century
"Free Speech" in the United States. C. Lemon Pearson
Future, Our Duty to the. C. E. Vail . . . Scientific
Galsworthy, John. Helen T. and Wilson Follett . Atlantic
German Exchange, Fall in. M. J. Bonn . Quar. Jour. Econ.
Germany Makes a Bid for Peace by Battle. . Rev. of Rev*.
Girl who Goes is Gone, The. John Berry . . . Pearson
Grammar, the Bane of Boyhood. Burges Johnson . Harper
Grant Memorial at Washington. E. Knaufft . Rev. of Revs.
Great Britain's Sea Policy. Gilbert Murray . . Atlantic
Great-Grandmothers, Our Overrated. Agnes Repplier Harper
Heart, Some Meditations of the Atlantic
Hill, James J., Life of—III. J. G. Pyle . World's Work
Historian, Pity the Poor. Burges Johnson . . McClure
Hughes, Candidate. Theodore Roosevelt . . Metropolitan
Hyphen-bearers. Newell Martin Century
Illinois. Edna Ferber American
Ireland, 1916—and Beyond. H. W. Massingham . Atlantic
Japan and the Open Door. K. K. Kawakami . Century
Japan in the China Shop. O. K. Davis . . £verv6odv*s
Job, Fitting the Man to the. B. J. Hendrick . Harper
John Bull Gets His Eye in. L. R. Freeman . Atlantic
Judicial Veto and Political Democracy. B. F.
Moore Am. Pol. Sci. Rev.
Labor, Organized, vs. Scientific Management.
R. F. Hoxie Quar. Jour. Econ.
Lawson, John: Miner—II. Harvey O'Higgins . Metropolitan
Life, Origin and Evolution of. H. F. Osborn . Scientific
Man on the Altar, The. W. Dawson .... Atlantic
Manchurian Notebook, From an—I. Alice Tisdale Atlantic
Manhattan Labyrinths. Simeon Strunsky . . . Harper
Masterpieces, Seeking. Louis Sherwin .... Pearson
"Melodramatic Rubbish,"—Is It Increasing? W. P.
Eaton American
Middle-Westerners and That Sort of People.
R. L. Hartt Century
Military System. Feeling Our Way toward a . Rev. of Revs.
Moore, George, and Jesus. Frank Harris . . . Pearson
Morality, A Plea for the Old. Cleveland Moffett . McClure
Music. C. Macmillen Pearson
Music, Public-School. T. W. Surette .... Atlantic
New York Night Court for Women. F. Harris Pearson
Old Age, Staving Off. Hawthorne Daniel . World's Work
"Parasites Lost." Anna S. Richardson . . . McClure
Parliaments, Frequency and Duration of. J. G.
Randall Am. Pol. Set. R«v.
Partners, My 20,000. Charles M. Schwab . . American
Persian Miniatures, Three. H. G. Dwight . . . Century
Poland, The Future of. Herbert A. Gibbons . . Century
Popcorn Boy, The. Fred C. Kelly McClure
Primary. Direct, in Michigan. A. C. _,__,«
Millspaugh Am. Pol Set. Rev.
Printers' Fight for Life, The. A. M. Simons . . Pearson
Rich, Vulgar, Disappearance of the. R. Le Gallienne McClure
Russia, Holy. Harold Begbie Atlantic
Salvini, A Super with. Algernon Tassin . . . Seribner
Scientific Investigation. T. B. Robertson . . Scientific
Shakspere and the Movies. Brian Hooker . . Century
South Africa, The Union of, and Neighboring
Lands *•»< «L Rev'-
Stevenson at Grei, With. Birge Harrison . . Century
Stock, Common and Preferred. A. W. Atwood . McClure
Student Who Took His Cows to College . . American
Superiority Itch, The. Frank Crane . . . . McClure
Syrian Commercial Contracts. E. H. Byrne Quar. Jour. Econ.
"Tanks" and "The Hose of Death" . . World's Work
Taxation in Massachusetts. C. J. Bullock Quar. Jour. .Econ.
Tiring Out and Resting Up. Ernest G. Martin . American
Trench-Raiders, The. A Canadian Captain . . Atlantic
Uncle Sam.—Putting Him to Work. W. Kaempffert McClure
U. S. a Financial Power after the War. A. D.
Noves Scnoner
Vagabonds of Glory.' Rene Milan . . . World's Work
Venizelos World's Work
Verdun, An American Ambulancier at . . World's Work
Vocational Education. Elias Tobenkin . . Metropolitan
War, Psychology of. D. E. Phillips . . . . Scientific
War Bonds, Foreign, "Ifs" and "Ands" of . World s Work
Warren, Mrs. O. S.: Contractor and Builder . American
White Slave Traffic in New York, by detective
and victim itZSSl
Will Power,—What It Did for Me American
World Parliament. A. Harry A. Laughhn . . Scientific
Zufii, Favorite Number of the. Elsie C. Parsons . Scientific


1916]
487
THE DIAL
THE DIAL
3 JFoitnte!)tl? Journal of Litrrar? Criticicm,
DwtUBBton, ano Information
Published by
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[The following list, containing 118 titles, includes
books received by The Dial since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Year* of My Youth. By William Dean Howells.
12mo, 239 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2.
Bernard Shawl The Man and The Mask. By
Richard Burton. 12mo, 305 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.60.
Prom Sail to Steams Naval Recollections, 1878-1905.
By Admiral C. C. Penrose Fitzgerald. Illus-
trated, large Svo. 303 pages. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $3.60.
Memories. By Edward Clodd. With portraits, 8vo,
288 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.
Abraham Lincoln. By Brand Whitlock. New Illus-
trated edition; 12mo, 210 pages. Small, Maynard
& Co. $1.
HISTORY.
Ireland under the Sruarta and during the Inter-
regnum. By Richard Bagwell, M.A. Vol. III.,
1660-1690; with map, large 8vo, 351 pages.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $5.
The New Map of Africa (1900-1916): A History of
European Colonial Expansion and Colonial Dip-
lomacy. By Herbert Adams Gibbons. With
maps, Svo, 504 pages. Century Co. $2.
The Vampire of the Continent. By Count Ernst zu
Reventlow; translated from the German, with
Preface, by George Chatterton-Hlll. 12mo. 225
pages. New York City: Jackson Press. $1.25.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of Henry Brevoort to Washing-ton Irving,
together with other unpublished Brevoort
Papers. Edited, with Introduction, by George
S. Hell man. Limited edition; in 2 vols., with
photogravure portraits, large 8vo. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $10.
Cloud and Silver. By E. V. Lucas. 12mo, 189 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
YOUR LIBRARY
Should contain books worth while. We
submit the titles of a few that you
ought to own.
Concerning Jesus Christ
the Son of God
By WILLIAM C. WILKINSON
A splendid defense of the fact of the Resur-
rection. $1.00 net
American Poets and Their
Theology
By A.'H. STRONG, D.D.
A companion volume to "Great Poets and
Their Theology." A valuable work from the
pen of a great man. $1.00 net, postage extra
The Social Ideals of the
Lord's Prayer
By PERRY J. STACKHOUSE
A fine book for Men's Classes in Churches or
Christian Associations. 75 cents net
The Griffith & Rowland Press
107 S. Wabash Ave. CHICAGO

By the Author
of "ME"
Marion
A Sister of
"ME"
This is the Life
Story of MARION,
Sister of "ME" a
girl who goes far—
Montreal, Boston,
New York, "Bohemia," clinging to her ideals
as artist, model, friend of men, wife of one.
Are you among the thousands who read and
enjoyed "ME"? If so, you will be charmed
with this new novel by the same author.
The story is throughout by turns, amusing,
tragical, and thrilling. Always it is realistic to
an extraordinary degree. It reveals the facts
in the girl's life with a candor and sincerity that
grip the reader's interest and hold it to the end.
Thirty illustrations by Henry Hult. Cloth.
Unto. $1.35 net.
W. J. WATT & CO., Publishers
NEW YORK


484
[November 30
THE DIAL
THE *Sit-S
MY
Ewº.
EDITH BLINN
ABookofEleart.Throbs
In this book we have a thrilling story
of the battle in a young girl's soul be-
tween heredity and environment. Ashes
of My Heart is powerful; a love story
full of emotional climaxes and fearless
in its expose of the deadly opium evil.
Critics all over the country have ac-
claimed it as one of the most powerful
books of the year. While it deals with
the sorrows and heart burnings of a
woman and the people around her there
is nothing in this book to give offense.
The author deals with her subject in a
perfectly natural and straight forward
way; and the reader, even though he
shudders at the plight into which the
young girl, Rhoda, falls, can have noth-
ing but the most heartfelt sympathy for
her. Ashes of My Heart is such a vivid
portrayal of the human mind and its
workings that it reads like a biography
rather than fiction.
“A wild weird story told with a cer-
tain power.”—New York Times.
“One of the most remarkable studies
of human nature and of the influence of
drugs upon a human being that has
been written since the days of De Quin-
cey's ‘Confessions of An Opium Eater.”
—The Bookseller.
“A modern emotional novel with
plenty of thrills.”—New York Herald.
Jacket in three colors. Illustrated.
At your bookseller or postpaid $1.35
MARK WELL PUBLISHING
COMPANY
145 West 45th St.
Mr. Rudyard Kipling is represented in the list
of war books of the season. His contribution,
entitled “Sea Warfare,” is to be published in
December by the Macmillan Co., and will include
among chapter headings “Fringes of the Fleet,”
“Tales of the Trade,” and “Destroyers at Jut-
land.”
Mr. George Moore, the Irish novelist whose
“The Brook Kerith,” published by the Macmillan
Co., is one of the most widely discussed novels of
the season, will visit the United States in January
on a lecture tour. A biography of this distin-
guished novelist and critic, by Susan L. Mitchell,
has just been published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead
& Co.
Among the poets represented by “war inspired”
poems in Professor J. W. Cunliffe’s anthology
“Poems of the Great War,” are John Masefield,
Lincoln Colcord, Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Rupert
Brooke, Alfred Noyes, Rabindranath Tagore,
William Benét, and Walter de la Mare. The
Macmillan Co. will issue this anthology shortly.
A series of twelve talks by poets on poetry has
been initiated by “Poetry” magazine. Among the
speakers are Pádraic Colum, Amy Lowell, Mary
Aldis, Florence Kiper Frank, Vachel Lindsay,
Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, Carl Sandburg, Arthur
Davison Ficke, Eunice Tietjens, and Harriet
Monroe. The talks are held at the Chicago Little
Theatre.
A book which should be of interest to collectors
is announced for early publication by Messrs.
Lippincott. It represents the combined effort of
Messrs. Harold Donaldson Eberlein and Abbot
McClure and is entitled “The Practical Book of
Early American Arts and Crafts.” A feature of
value will be its list of early American silver-
smiths and their trademarks.
In his volume “Modern Economic Problems,"
announced for early publication by The Century
Co., Frank A. Fetter, Professor of Economics at
Princeton University, discusses, among other prob;
lems, “The Material Resources of the Nation,"
“The Value of Money,” “The Functions of Banks,'
“Social Insurance,” and “The Problem of Mon-
opoly, and Public Ownership.”
In addition to “Amores,” a volume of poems by
Mr. D. H. Lawrence, just issued, Mr. B. W.
Huebsch announces the publication of two other
books by this gifted author: “The Prussian Offi:
cer,” a volume, not of war tales, but a collection of
stories written before the outbreak of the conflict;
and “Twilight in Italy,” a record of the impres-
sions of places and peoples made by the author
during a walking tour.
With the death of Dr. Percival Lowell, the
world has lost one of its most energetic workers
for the advancement of pure science. He was
born in Boston on March 13, 1855. His father,
Augustus Lowell, was identified with the educa:
tion, art, and science of that city. At his famou.
observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona, Dr. Lowell aſ
his staff accomplished a mass of spectroscºp".
photographic, visual, and mathematical work whº
won him a distinguished place in the history "
astronomy.


1916]
485
THE DIAL
:
ºt
:
•
*
George Gibbs's new novel, “Paradise Alley,"
announced for early publication by Messrs. D.
Appleton & Co., concerns itself with the experi-
ences of a young man who, under the terms of his
father's will, is brought up in total ignorance of
woman until, at the age of twenty-one, he is thrown
out into the world upon his own resources, and
makes some interesting discoveries.
Barrett Wendell, Professor of English at
Harvard University since 1898, has been elected
to membership in the American Academy of Arts
and Letters. Professor Wendell is quite as well
known abroad as in this country, having served
as a sort of literary ambassador to Cambridge and
the universities of France. The impressions which
he collected during his sojourn among the French
served to make the delightful volume, “The France
of To-day,” which is perhaps his most popular
book. His style is noted for its pungency and
vigor.
Jack London, the best known of California's
authors, died the 22d of November at his ranch
in Glen Ellen, California. His life was as adven-
turous and strenuous as that of his heroes. Born
in San Francisco January 12, 1876, he was edu-
cated in the public schools there. He entered the
University of California, but failed to complete
his course, as he was one of the many who par-
ticipated in the famous gold rush to the Klondike
in 1897. Even before this he had gone to sea
as a common seaman and worked up to a master's
certificate, journeyed to Japan, and joined seal
hunting expeditions in the Bering Sea. In 1899
he tramped through the United States, to make
a first-hand study of social and economic prob-
lems, which material he used in his writings. For
two years he cruised the South Seas in his yacht,
“The Snark.” Mr. London was deeply interested
in socialism. He was an indefatigable writer, and
his fiction is best represented in “The Sea Wolf”;
“John Barleycorn” is popularly accepted as con-
taining much that is autobiographical. In addi-
tion to these, Mr. London was the author of about
forty books, several plays, and many short-stories.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
December, 1916.
Alaska, Selling Out. “A Naval Expert” . . . Century
Alcohol in Russia. R. P. Blake . . . . . . . Atlantic
Allies, Economic Heresy of the. T. L. Stoddard . Century
Aragon, Adventuring into. Amy Oakley . . . Harper
Army Hospital Trains . . . . . . . Rev. of Revs.
Bigler, F. R.: Cripple Who Refused to be Downed American
Boldt, George C., of the Waldrof-Astori . American
Botha of South Africa . . . . . Rev. of Revs.
Boy Scout, The. James E. West . . . Rev. of Revs.
Boyd, Judge James E., of North Carolina American
Brains and Bean Measures. E. F. Bowers . . McClure
British Empire and Closer Union. T. H.
Boggs . . Am. Pol. Sci. Rev.
Burns, Painless War Cure for. A. Dosch-Fleurot World's Work
Child in Art, The. Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer . Scribner
China, America's Silent Partner. J. W. Jenks World's Work
Christian Coöperation. Frank H. Fox Rev. of Revs.
Comets, What We Know about. W. W. Campbell Scientific
Commandments, The Black. Jean K. MacKenzie . Atlantic
Coral Islands and Mangrove-Trees. Richard Le
Gallienne . - - - - - Harper
Dance, The. W. T. Benda . . . . . . . Scribner
Democracy No Failure. Charles E. Russell . . Pearson
Doctor, How Should He Behave? B. J.
Hendrick . . . . . . . . . World's Work
LAURENCE J. GOMME'S
NEW PUBLICATIONS
Anthology of Magazine Verse
1916 and Year Book of Ameri-
can Poetry. (4th year) Edited by
WILLIAM STANLEY BRAITHWAITE
$1.50
A series of these annual volumes for twenty years
would furnish the best spiritual history of our
generation.—Boston Transcript.
VERSES: By HILAIRE BELLoc, with
an Introduction by Joyce Kilmer. $1.25
A timely reprint of this well known author's
early work.
BALL ADS: Patriotic and
Romantic. By CLINTON SCOLLARD,
$1.50
The fine singing quality of his verse places him
high among American poets.
THE CIRCUS and Other Essays
By JOYCE KILMER $1.00
The laughing truth which lies beneath the sur-
face of things. *-
2 East Twenty-Ninth Street, New York
TO THE
DISCRIMINATING
READER OF FICTION
THE BOSTON
TRANSCRIPT'S VERDICT
ON A NOVEL
IS OF SUPREME
IMPORTANCE
Therefore when this newspaper concludes a
column review with the statement
“A NOVEL
OF EXCEPTIONAL
DISTINCTION”
and asserts that “It is so far above the aver-
age English and American fiction that one
can well exempt it from the necessity of
following the rules,” your first inquiry on
entering a bookstore should be for JOHN
COWPER POWYS' second novel
ROD MOOR


486
[November 30
THE DIAL

Iaeest and Most Interesting Books
J0HNC0WPCRP0WYS
AUTHOR •• WOOD—STOHt VlSiONS-RCVISiONJWOirSBANC ETC.
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"Incontestably the most important book of
the year."—New Scotsman.
Shakespeare's
England
Being an account of the life and manners of
his age. By thirty-eight collaborators, includ-
ing Robert Bridges, Sir Walter Raleigh, W.
Archer, W. J. Lawrence, D. Nichol Smith.
Edited by C. T. Onions. Two vols. Med. 8vo.
Cloth, pp. xxw -)- 1156, with many illustrations.
Net, $10.00.
'' We cannot too strongly commend this book
to overy reader of Shakespeare."—Spectator.
'' These two volumes enshrine in a perma-
nent form everything we know or need to know
about the England of Shakespeare's day."—
Pall Mall Gazette.
"The wealth of illustrative and interpreta-
tive material is greater and more useful than
has ever before been brought together within
the pages of a single book. . . A fine exhi-
bition of English scholarship, the greatest con-
tribution ever made to the study of Shake-
speare. ''—Glasgow Herald.
At all booksellers or from the Publishers
Oxford University Press
American Branch
35 West 32nd Street •:- New York
Drama. The War and the. Israel Zangwill Metropolitan
Economic*, Teaching. C. E. Persona . Quar. Jour. Econ.
Edward VII.. Love Stories of—IIL Prank Harris Pearson
Empires, Two. at Grips. A. Conn Doyle Everybody't
England, What of? Atlantic
Factory Fodder. Gertrude Russell Pearson
Fairbanks, Douglas. George Creel .... Everybody's
Farmer, The New, and His New Water-Supply.
J. R. Smith Century
Father John, My Friend. Ralph Stuart . Am. won
Federal Constitution. Amending Procedure of.
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Feminism in Fiction and Real Life. Robert Grant Scribner
Food, Man's Desire for. Minna C. Denton Scientific
Foolishness. In Defense of. Carolyn Wells . . . McClure
Foreign Loans, The. H. V. Cann Century
"Free Speech" in the United States. C. Lemon Pearson
Future, Our Duty to the. C. E. Vail . . . Scientific
Galsworthy, John. Helen T. and Wilson Follett . Atlantic
German Exchange, Fall in. M. J. Bonn . Quar. Jour. Econ.
Germany Makes a Bid for Peace by Battle. . Rev. of Revs.
Girl who Goes is Gone, The. John Berry . . . Peanon
Grammar, the Bane of Boyhood. Burges Johnson . Harper
Grant Memorial at Washington. E. Knaufft . Rev. of Revs.
Great Britain's Sea Policy. Gilbert Murray Atlantic
Great-Grandmothers. Our Overrated. Agnes Repplier Harper
Heart, Some Meditations of the Atlantic
Hill. James J., Life of—III. J. G. Pyle . World's Work
Historian, Pity the Poor. Burges Johnson McClure
Hughes, Candidate. Theodore Roosevelt . Metropolitan
Hyphen-bearers. Newell Martin Century
Illinois. Edna Ferber American
Ireland. 1916—and Beyond. H. W. Massingham Atlantic
Japan and the Open Door. K. K. Kawakami Century
Japan in the China Shop. 0. K. Davis . Everybody's
Job, Fitting the Man to the. B. J. Hendrlck . Harper
John Bull Gets His Eye in. L. R. Freeman . Atlantic
Judicial Veto and Political Democracy. B. F.
Moore Am. Pot Sci. Rev.
Labor, Organized, vs. Scientific Management.
K. F. Hoxie Quar. Jour. Econ.
Lawson, John: Miner—II. Harvey O'Higgins . Metropolitan
Lite, Origin and Evolution of. H. F. Osborn Scientific
Man on the Altar, The. W. Dawson .... Atlantic
Manchurian Notebook. From an—I. Alice Tisdale Atlantic
Manhattan Labyrinths. Simeon Strunsky . . . Harper
Masterpieces, Seeking. Louis Sherwin .... Pearson
"Melodramatic Rubbish,"—Is It Increasing? W. P.
Eaton American
Middle-Westerners and That Sort of People.
R. L. Hartt Century
Military System. Feeling Our Way toward a . Rev. of Revs.
Moore, George, and Jesus. Frank Harris Pearson
Morality, A Plea for the Old. Cleveland Moffett . McClure
Music. C. Macmillen Pearson
Music, Public-School. T. W. Surette .... Atlantic
New York Night Court for Women. F. Harris . Pearson
Old Age, Staving Off. Hawthorne Daniel . World's Work
"Parasites Lost." Anna S. Richardson . McClure
Parliaments, Frequency and Duration of. J. G.
Randall Am. Pol. Sci. Rev.
Partners, My 20,000. Charles M. Schwab . . American
Persian Miniatures, Three. H. G. Dwight . . . Century
Poland, The Future of. Herbert A. Gibbons . . Century
Popcorn Boy. The. Fred C. Kelly McClure
Primary, Direct, in Michigan. A. C.
Millspaugh Am. Pol Set. Ret.
Printers' Fight for Life. The. A. M. Simons . . Pearson
Rich, Vulgar, Disappearance of the. R. Le Gallienne McClure
Russia, Holy. Harold Begbie Atlantic
Salvini, A Super with. Algernon Tassin . . . Scribner
Scientific Investigation. T. B. Robertson . . Scientific
Shakspere and the Movies. Brian Hooker . . Century
South Africa, The Union of, and Neighboring
Lands «•■• 'L Bev'-
Stevenson at Grei, With. Birge Harrison . . £•"*"**
Stock. Common and Preferred. A. W. Atwood . McClure
Student Who Took His Cows to College . . American
Superiority Itch, The. Frank Crane .... McUure
Syrian Commercial Contract*. E. H. Byrne truar. Jour. iJcon.
"Tanks" and "The Hose of Death" . . Worlds Work
Taxation in Massachusetts. C. J. Bullock Quar. Jour. been.
Tiring Out and Resting Up. Ernest G. Martin . American
Trench-Raiders, The. A Canadian Captain . . Atlantic
Uncle Sam.—Putting Him to Work. W. Kaempffert McClure
U. S. a Financial Power after the War. A. D.
Noyes Scnoner
Vagabonds of Glory. Rene Milan . . . ^f"^,' ™°™
VenUelos ^ffj "5£*
Verdun. An American Ambulancier at . . Worlds HorK
Vocational Education. Elias Tobenkin . . Metropolitan
War, Psychology of. D. E. Phillip.,, . . • ■JfifZ**!
War Bonds, Foreign. "Ifs" and "And." of . World « ►*»«
Warren, Mrs. O. S.: Contractor and Builder . American
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Will Power.—What It Did for Me . . . . ■ *££%£,
World Parliament, A. Harry A. LaughUn . . ffj*"25f
Zuiii, Favorite Number of the. Elsie C. Parson* . Smennno


1916]
487
THE DIAL
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488
[November 30
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1916]
489
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years of experience. He recites what he knows, what
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PA1ULW1RMWE
cHu Aknnike-Uinkd Song
ANEW TRANSLATION h BERGEN APPLEGATE
"THE most complete and representative English
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488
[November 30
THE DIAL
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1916]
489
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THE SCANDINAVIAN
CLASSICS
I. HOLBERG: Comedies
II. TEGNER: Poems ..
III. BJORNSON: Lyrics
IV. STRINDBERG: Master Olof
V. SNORRI: Edda
VI. SIGURJONSSON: Plays
SI.SO each; $9.00 the set
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Used Book*. Bargains. Catalogue. Higene's,
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"OF ORE A T INTER ES T -
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sort. It goes directly to the heart of the whole
matter. Behind the writer of it—who is one of the
best known theatrical men in New York—are long
years of experience. He recites what he knows, what
he has seen, and his Quiet, calm, authoritative ac-
count of conditions as they are is without adornment,
excuse or exaggeration. It is intended to be helpful
to those who want facts, and for them it will prove
of immeasurable value.
William Lyon Phelps: "It is an important book
and justifies its title. It ought to be read everywhere
in America." Cloth. Gilt top. Net $1.00.
STEWART & KIDD COMPANY
PUBLISHERS CINCINNATI, U. S. A.

PAULWMLMNE
zHu Awvtthe-tinted Song
X NEW TRANSLATION b, BERGEN APPLEGATE
T'HE most complete and representative English
translation, containing over 160 poems, a mono-
graph on the poet with many interesting details of
his strange career, and notes.
A BEAUTIFUL EDITION, FINELY PRINTED. AND
ILLUSTRATED WITH COLLOTYPES
Reci'LAR Edition $a.oo
Limitkd Edition (with original portrait etching of Verlainr) fa.t
RALPH FLETCHER SEYMOUR. PUBLISHER
<io SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE. CH1CACO


490
[November 30
THE DIAL
Mft/vwwTHE COLLECTEDuwwwu
POEMS OF WM. H. DA VIES
A Borzoi Book
The first American edition of the work of a truly
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1916]
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Russian of Michael Artzibashef.
MOLOCH: A Play in a Prologue, Three Acts and
an Epilogue by Beulah Marie Dix.
MORAL: A Comedy in Three AcU. Translated from
the German of Ludwig Thorns.
THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL: A Comedy in Three
Acts. Translated from the Russian of Nicolai
Gogol.
ALFRED A. KNOPF, Publisher
220 Weil Forty-Second Street, New York
Send for a list of BORZOI Books
Wrwwwwwwwwvwyvwwvwww
The Second Holiday Issue, December 14,
will contain a list of recommended
JUVENILE HOLIDAY BOOKS.


492
[November 30
THE DIAL
F. M HOT T V Author.1 and P.bli.h.r.'
1S6 Fifth Atcsd*. New T*rk (RiuHUM IMS)
tuts aa ruu nrouunoii will bi sent on uodist
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nmm&Afhi
When writing to advertisers please mention The Dial


492
[November 30
THE DIAL
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156 Filth Atihi, New York iStuHltlud 1905)
UTU AND fCLL WF0HIATI0I1 WILL BI SENT ON U0TOST
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M


1916]
THE DIAL 493
“Which is which?” Even a
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and its mimeographed copy. And
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made quickly—a thousand ready in twenty
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of engravings as well as type.
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Booklet “F” describes forty-odd tested ways.
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4H4
[November 30
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
21 Jfortnightlp journal of Hiterarp Criticism, Discussion, anb information.
Vvl. LXI
A NEW FIELD FOR FREE VERSE.
DECEMBER 14, 1916
No. 7SI
Contents.
A NEW FIELD FOR FREE VERSE. Henry B.
Fuller 515
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE. (Special
correspondence.) ■ Theodore Stanton . . 517
CASUAL COMMENT 520
The latest Nobel Prize winner.—An old
story revived.—A pitfall for authors.—The
way of the book-auctioneer.—The cultivation
of superficiality.—A deservedly popular book
in Russia.—Alliterative aids.—In behalf of
sanctity of copyright.— Oddities of book-
illustration.
COMMUNICATIONS 523
Notes from Japan. Ernest W. Clement.
A Plea for the Amateur. Louise Gebhard
Cann.
A LEADER IN CONSTRUCTIVE AMERICAN-
ISM. Garland Greever 525
FOUR AMERICAN POETS. William Aspenwall
Bradley 528
ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON OUR INSTITU-
TIONS. Harold J. Laski 530
POETRY FROM THE TRENCHES. Witter
Bynner 531
FEEDING THE BELGIANS. George Bernard
Donlin 532
THE THIRST FOR SALVATION. Arthur H.
Quinn 534
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale .... 535
NOTES ON NEW FICTION 537
Kildares of Storm.—The Whale and the
Grasshopper.—Beef, Iron, and Wine.—
Local Color.— Richard Richard.— The
Stranger at the Hearth.—The Nest-Builder.
—The Towers of Hium.—Quaker-Born.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 539
The China Year Book.—From the notebooks of
John Muir.—Adding to the Irving-Brevoort
correspondence.—Caricatures of satire.—The
length and breadth of English drama.—Cath-
olicism and peace.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.—II 541
FINDING THE BEST IN THE JUVENILE
BOOK HARVEST. Montrose J. Moses . 545
HOLIDAY JUVENILE LIST 549
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 554
Mr. Howells, looking through the windows
of "Venetian Life" upon the life of Europe
in general, once paused to note the tendency
of an advanced civilization to substitute form
for spirit, the husk for the substance. What
he said of life may well be said of one of
life's major privileges, art; and it may be
said with special force of that particular form
of art known as the short-story. American
life, while younger than European, has lost
its first freshness; and America's best contri-
bution to the general body of art has already
become jejune. The short-story, as we know
it in the magazines, is now an article of delib-
erate manufacture, a conscious object of bar-
gain and sale — as much so as furniture or
footwear. It is a ready-made mould into
which material — equally ready-made — may
be run. Numerous pens are busy telling
how to concoct it and how to market it. The
most high-minded editor is not above asking
for "a bright love-story, not to exceed five
thousand words." A myriad hands cooper-
ate in the manufacture of this art-form for
almost every organ of print, to appease the
terrible leisure of the all-devouring modern
eye.
This briefer form of fiction, in its best
estate, may be said to stand like e young tree
— the stem towers; the sap runs; the foliage,
if redundant, presents the liberal charms of
branch, bud, leaf, light and shade; one may
explore its intricate verdure with due reward.
But the average short fiction of commerce is
now too frequently a hollow, sapless affair,—
a spectre of incipient decay, if not an actual
mass of deadwood, against the bright sky of
rightful expectation: both in the lexicograph-
ical and the popular use of the word, it is
"punk."
Yes, deadwood is right: the deadwood of
conventional description and characteriza-
tion; the deadwood of "punch" and "climax"
laboriously reached by recipe; a parade of
tedious paraphernalia which anybody who
reads short-stories at all knows by heart and
should be glad to be relieved from. How
best escape the stale and inflated conventions


516
[December 14
THE DIAL
that beset and overload the short-story?
How best economize the efforts of the writer
and the attention of the reader? How best
gain brevity, concision, intensity and height-
ened sense of form?
One way, at least, seems to present itself:
that new method of expression now called —
whether in derision, or from over-readiness
to accept a label, or from supine vagueness
in front of a novel actuality — free verse.
What is thus termed, I should incline to call
neither verse, on the one hand, nor prose, on
the other. Between black and white are
shades of gray; between high tones and low,
serviceable octaves intervene; between noon
and midnight there is a borderland of dusk
or of dawn. Free verse balances on the fence
between poetry and prose, and dips beak or
tail toward either at will. The less sym-
pathetic mind may prefer to see a bird of
clumsier breed: one that, on occasion, rises
upon the air, yet drags its feet along the
ground. The free versifier draws at will
upon the stability and earthboundness of
prose and upon the aerial strata that lie
above. He can pedestrianize over the firm
road, yet indulge the lift and the lilt when-
ever the lift and the lilt seem good. Above
all, he can readily lay tribute upon some of
the best effects and advantages of poetry —
the packed thought, the winged epithet, the
concentrated expression. The "bright story
of five thousand words" may be told — with
all superfluities discarded and all redun-
dancies stripped away — in seven or eight
hundred, with greater regard for economy
of attention, whether of mind or of eye.
One would not, perhaps, offer the short
story in free verse — or, rather, in flexible
rhythms and tight-packed verbality — to the
clientele of Mr. Winston Churchill or of Mr.
Harold Bell Wright. No; these faithful fol-
lowers, in their snug, distant homes, on long
winter evenings, must have their pages by the
hundred, by the thousand: why hasten to rise
from table when there is nowhere in partic-
ular to go? But a lively, over-driven, urban
body of readers, limited as to time and har-
ried by an appetite for novel notions, should
welcome the new vehicle: the sort of reader
who nibbles, sips, flirts his napkin, twitches
his chair, looks down the board and asks,
"What next?" He is the devotee — or the
victim — of the quick tempo; he hears the
end before the end is reached and is already
preparing to ask for another tune.
I am far from saying that such an attitude
toward a work of art is admirable; in fact,
the speed-mania, as involved in the appre-
hension— perhaps I mean, appreciation —
of any manifestation of art or literature,
should be deplored; but we must take our
day as we find it. What surprises me is that
a busy people, a people often so impatient in
one direction, should be so willing to dawdle
in another. On the other hand, I would not
encourage too far the terrible, air-cleaving
rapidity of the Spoon Biver tombstones;
indeed, these must generously be half-forgot-
ten (should that be possible )if the free-verse
story of moderate dimensions is to be accorded
a fair measure of patience. The dance of
death which we are all leading may have its
lively steps," but need not make itself into a
hurricane-jig. One's "verre" may indeed be
"petit," but shall it not hold more than a
single concentrated drop of bitterness? We
may quicken our pace, but need we hurl our-
selves down the Gadarene slopes? The trebly
compressed, quintessentialized pungency of
Spoon River is an escape of strongest
ammonia — a triumph for Mr. Masters, but
a ^espair for anybody who follows him. No,
gu tie reader; do not expect the whole story
in a single page. Be willing to turn four or
five of them — small ones. Remember how
many of them — large ones — you have been
turning in the magazines: standardized
novelle of love, adventure, graft, crime, local-
color, "kid-stuff," and the rest.
The short-story in free verse may appear
in various guises. It may be biographical,
like Mr. Masters's "All Life in a Life,"
recently rewarded with a prize by "Poetry."
It may be episodical, like some of the things
of Robert Frost — bolts of frieze or linsey-
woolsey, if you like, but reasonable in length
and clean-cut as to selvage. It may be semi-
lyrical, getting itself done in bursts of color-
ful emotion, like some of the pieces of Amy
Lowell. It may seize still other opportunities.
It may become the home of touch-and-go, the
haunt of the hint and of the glancing allusion.
It can give in a single epithet the essence of
a prose sentence, and in a single phrase the
spirit of a prose paragraph. It will let you
be humorous, if you can be; hortatory or
pathetic, if you wish to be. It will come as a
grateful ally to the man who is not a space-


1916]
517
THE DIAL
filler at space-filling rates, but who is intent
on sincere and pointed self-expression for its
own sake. It may even exercise the compell-
ing continuity that chains children to the
comic supplement.
A favorite objection to free verse — or to
free rhythm — is that it is merely prose cut
up, arbitrarily, into short lengths. "What
determines the length of your lines f" the
ribald ask. "And what decides for you the
size of your stanza or strophe?" The strophe
is shaped by the exercise of an original
architectonic consciousness, either active or
latent; and the length of 'its lines is deter-
mined by a variety of considerations. First
and foremost, the writer must feel — as,
indeed, always and everywhere — his theme.
He must sense it, if but subconsciously — and
perhaps best subconsciously — as a matter of
flow and cadence. This flow he need not
greatly care to guide; quite likely it will
guide itself. Again, he shepes his lines for
the advantage (perfectly legitimate) of the
pause at the end, whether to aid the rhythm
or the emphasis. If extra emphasis be
required, a line may be made to consist of
but two or three words, or even of but one.
He divides also for change and variety. He
divides also for the ease of the eye, & at
sadly overworked organ; and I may say, 'jwst
here, that the young eye, fresh and untired,
is no judge of the importance of this point.
Such an eye is at once too strong and too
inexperienced for a delicate test, and over-
looks the advantage of "filled" and of "void"
well-distributed over the printed page. What
is done in prose sporadically and casually is
done in free rhythm on system. If you say
that free verse needs all the help it can get
to make it easy reading, you are entitled to
the jest — merry and perhaps obligatory;
but you are likely to come, later on, to a
different frame of mind.
And as concerns the combined length of
line and of strophe, let us return to the figure
of aqueous flow: see, if you will, a succession
of small waves on a ground-swell — but
expect neither from the greater nor from the
less a mechanical regularity.
In the matter of metrical detail the thor-
ough-going verslibrist looks a bit askant at
the employment of iambics, dactyls, and other
recognized measures of the older prosody. If
these are to be used they must be used spar-
ingly, in association with the more subtle
rhythms and cadences of prose; and their
equivocal presence may be still further
cloaked by divisions into line-lengths of much
irregularity.
Nothing is truer than this: that if a new
day is going to express itself to advantage,
it must make its new moulds as well as find
its new material. The later vintage, crude
and homely though it may be, deserves its
own bottles. Doubtless many of the early
free-versifiers have shown themselves lack-
ing. They have been vague, inchoate,
"woozy"; and they have had nothing very
definite to say. The vagarious mood has done
duty for the clear-cut thought, the sprightly
hand-spring for the firm-footed, straight-
bearing course. Such moods and manners
may perhaps be allowed to the poet in free
verse, but they assuredly cannot be permitted
to the story-teller in free verse. He must
have a ponderable theme, a straightaway con-
tinuity of thought, and a sense of form that
takes heed of beginning, middle, and end.
Such a man, thus equipped, ought to be able
to compass, first a hearing, then tolerance,
then acceptance, then the real welcome that
follows on having done the timely thing in
the idiom of the new day. But the conserva-
tive lingers long — both for ill and for good,
be it said — and the acceptance of the novel
may not be so rapid and complete as the
newer novellista would desire.
Henry B. Fuller.
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
A good example of how the literary spirit
persists in France notwithstanding the stress
of war is shown by the revision and comple-
tion of that admirable collection of the
French poets of to-day, "Anthologie des
Poetes Francais Contemporains" (Paris:
Delagrave, 4 volumes, 3 frs. 50 each). The
first three volumes, which appeared originally
about ten years ago, have just been supple-
mented by a fourth, and the whole work
brought down to July, 1914. The period
covered extends from 1866 to the present
time, and not less than 300 poets, French
for the most part, though Switzerland and
Belgium are not overlooked, are here rep-
resented. Selections from the work of each
poet are accompanied by a specimen of his
handwriting and an original and often very


318
[December 14
THE DIAL
good biographical and critical notice. The
preface to the whole series is from the pen of
Sully Prudhomme and was written the year
before he died, 1907. It presents in graceful
but strong terms the claims of the old school
in face of the aggressive and rugged New
Verse, while the editor of the collection, M.
Gerard Walch, who went to much labor in
correspondence and research to bring together
all these scattered elements, dwells, in his
introduction, on "the immense richness of
the poetic production of an epoch which, as
regards poetry, surpasses all those which have
preceded it."
M. Walch is a highly cultivated Dutchman
of Huguenot descent, many members of the
French branch of whose family have figured
or still figure in the liberal walks of life in
France and two of whom have recently fallen
on the west front "in the cause of right and
justice," he writes me; and his French
proclivities are still further increased by the
fact that his wife is the granddaughter of
an officer of the Grand Army. He is a pro-
fessor in one of the great commercial schools
of Amsterdam and an ardent member of the
Dutch branch of the League of Neutral
Nations. This extract from a recent letter
of his to me is interesting in more respects
than one:
From the way things look now, it seems to me
that this war will have a happy effect on French
letters. The final triumph of the good cause will
necessarily bring about an exaltation of the grand
moral forces which the struggle has contributed to
stimulate so powerfully. Then the poets will sing
of the deep human sentiments, and sane national
traditions will be respected without excluding an
enlightened internationalism. There will also rise
up a profound disgust for a certain kind of molly-
coddleness and a contempt for all snobbishness and
easy-going success in life. The broad spiritualistic
and religious current which existed • already before
the war and which is represented in my supplemental
volume by such Catholic poets as Adrien Mithouard,
Robert Vallery-Radot, Le Cardonnel and others, and
by free-thinkers like Paul Hyacinthe Loyson, will
be widened and gain in strength. We shall also see
blossom forth a beautiful pure love-poetry — think
of the young women who have married blind soldiers!
— a poetry which will be permeated with filial tender-
ness and devotion. Nor will these poets stop at the
celebration of the chaste joys of family and friend-
ship. New dreams, largely humanitarian, will
emanate from the ruins of the past, dreams of human
solidarity and fraternity, forever protected from a
recurrence of these hideous crimes of militarism now
running riot in bloody orgies. But who will be the
lofty poet who will sing of this the Great War, of
this titanic struggle, whose most insignificant
episodes throw into the shade the grandest exploits
of our ancestors f Who will be this poet, who this
genius? The situation calls for another Victor Hugo.
An American will be pleasantly surprised
at the frequent mention in this Anthology of
Poe, one of the many instances in modern
European literature of the deep impression
which this erratic genius has made on the
intellectuals of the Old World and which
reminds me of another example of this that
I have not seen mentioned in the United
States. Odilon Redon, the distinguished
French engraver who died recently, did not
make a portrait of Poe, as some have
imagined, but he did publish in 1882 a series
of six lithographs and a frontispiece in plastic
correlation with the literary work of "this
writer of genius," as M. Andre Mellerio, the
French art critic, calls him in a note to me.
"A Edgar Poe" (Paris: Fischbacker), like
the other albums of Redon, has long been out
of print; but a reduction in facsimile of this
series and of all his engravings for that mat-
ter, is to be found in Mellerio's "Odilon
Redon" (Paris: Societe pour 1'Etude de la
Gravure Franoaise, 144 rue de Longchamp,
500 copies privately printed, 1913). Speak-
ing of this book, the author writes me:
It was written in close collaboration with Kedon
and is confined exclusively to his engravings, which
I treat very fully. But it contains nothing about
his pictorial work, which however was also important,
especially in recent years. It is a great artist who
has disappeared, but at least his art creations will
live after him. He leaves a widow as intelligent
as she is good, and his eldest son has been at the
front since the outbreak of the war.
It is this widow who has called my atten-
tion to the "Mercure de France" for August
16 last, where M. Andre Fontainas, the
Belgian poet, publishes "a long and true
study of my husband," in which many inter-
esting things are said about the Poe influence
on Redon — the same is seen also in M.
Thiebault-Sisson's chronique in the "Temps"
of November 12 — though the fact is over-
looked that he exhibited in America in 1913,
at New York, Chicago, and Boston. In fact,
at the international exhibition of the Associa-
tion of American Painters and Sculptors,
held in the spring of that year in the first-
named city, a special room was devoted to the
paintings and engravings of Redon.
And this leads up naturally to the death,
still more recently, of another famous French
engraver, Alexandre Lunois. Indeed, Lunois
was not only an engraver but, like the old
Italian artists, worked in every department
of art and worked well. Perhaps the best
account of his life and labors is to be found
in a series of articles published some little
time ago by M. Emile Dacier, in the "Revue
de l'Art Ancien et Moderne" and brought
together later in a thin little volume. In 1912
appeared the more important illustrated work,
"Alexandre Lunois, Peintre, Lithographe et
Graveur" (Paris: Fleury). His widow, who


1916]
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THE DIAL
was the intimate companion of her husband's
home and studio, sends me these interesting
details of his art life:
My husband never wrote anything about his art,
which he loved so dearly and all that remains of his
views thereon is what has been preserved by intimate
friends from conversations with him. One of these
friends the writer and art critic, M. Raymond
Escholier, now at the front, has under way a work
about my husband which will appear some day.
Among his productions which have not been exhibited
are his last etchings and lithographs, especially one
representing a mass in a ruined church, for my
husband, like so many other artists to-day, took
subjects from this war, a tragic catastrophe which
caused him much moral suffering because of all the
mourning he saw around him. It surely hastened
his end. He was not well when he began, and nearly
finished before he died, a large canvas, a street scene
in Seville. He always loved Spanish subjects. This
work he executed with much vigor and joy.
Another literary-art note is worth record-
ing here. M. Thiebault-Sisson, whom I have
just mentioned, the art critic of the "Temps,"
has been and is still publishing in that journal
a series of articles on the more intimate side
of Rodin's work. He tells me that he intends
eventually to bring all these articles together
in a volume. On this subject, he wrote me
last month:
Rodin himself is the chief source of my informa-
tion, especially as regards the events of his childhood.
For the rest, I have largely utilized information
furnished me during a period of some fifteen years,
the past fifteen years, by artists who have been close
to Rodin and have long worked with him,— such
as Pezieux, now dead, Jules Desbois, the sculptor,
and a number of others who in some cases were simply
friends of the artist, as was Constantin Meunier, for
instance. In order to attain greater accuracy, I have
often compared the statements of one of these men
with the statements of the others.
This care was all the more necessary
because Rodin is no longer in a mental state
to aid in an undertaking of this kind. Some
four or five months ago his memory began to
fail him until to-day he cannot recall the cir-
cumstances concerning work done only twelve
or fifteen years ago. His friends fear he may
never recover from the stroke which he had
last spring; in fact, one of these has said to
me that he "doubts if Rodin sees the spring
of 1917,'' which probably puts an end to the
plan which was cherished in some quarters of
his early visit to the United States.
Another death in the French intellectual-
artistic world should not pass unnoticed. M.
Mares, mayor of Lovagny, in the Haute
Savoie, has left to the academy of that region
200,000 francs and his chateau of Montrottier.
surrounded by some 230 acres of land and
housing a rich museum, the whole gift being
valued at a round million of francs. The
president of this academy, M. Mignet, writes
me as follows, and what he says well illus-
trates what I dwelt upon more at length in
one of my Dial letters of last winter concern-
ing the numerosity of the literary academies
scattered all over France:
The Academie Florimontane, not Florimontaise, as
the Paris "Temps" prints it, was founded at Annecy
in 1851 and is the revival of an institution of the
same name created in that city in 1606, that is,
nearly thirty years before the foundation of the
French Academy,— created by St. Francis de Sales,
who was born near Annecy, and by President Favre,
the celebrated jurisconsult of the seventeenth century.
Its object is to encourage letters, the sciences, and the
arts; to collect manuscripts, charts and documents
interesting local history; to approve all good things
and to support every measure which redounds to
the glory of our nation. It awards prizes in history
and poetry and publishes a quarterly, the "Revue
Savoisienne." M. Mares was a member of our body.
The collections which he has left us are made up
of pictures, statues, engravings, enamels, tapestries,
fans, antique furniture, etc., and some 300 rare
ancient and modern volumes.
A somewhat similar gift, but with a deeper
meaning, is that of the Hotel Merghelynck, at
shamefully wronged Ypres, presented to the
martyred Belgian nation in the very midst
of her sufferings. My friend Fontainas, men-
tioned above, has seen the mansion and its
contents. He sends me this note:
It is an elegant, though somewhat ostentatious,
residence constructed from 1774 to 1776 by a
Merghelynck, Seigneur van de Camerl, councilor of
the city of Ypres, and is given by the great great
grandson of the founder of the house, M. Arthur
Merghelynck, who has furnished it with Louis XVth
and Louis XVIth furniture and decorated it with
engravings of the same epoch. In a word, he has
there created a museum of the eighteenth century
in the finest taste and in fitting surroundings.
I close this letter with some short literary
items which may be of interest. Concerning
the article, "Les Petits Carnets de Seinte-
Beuve," which appeared some little time ago
in the "Revue Hebdomadaire," Mme. Marie
Louis Pailleron, the author thereof, writes
me: "These precious note-books, which have
been some time in my possession, reveal the
fecundity of this mind, its power for work
and its ardor. One sees, in germ, in the
Sainte-Beuve of 18, all the great qualities of
our first of grand critics." In sending me
the French edition of Dr. John Finley's,
"The French in the Heart of America" "Les
Francais au Coeur de lAmerique" (Paris:
Armand Colin, 5 frs.), translated by Mme.
Boutroux, with a preface by M. Gabriel
Hanotaux, M. Emile Boutroux writes: "We
are deeply touched here in France by the
many marks of sympathy which reach us
from the citizens of the sister republic. It is
very agreeable to us to note that so many of
the fellow citizens of Lincoln believe that we
are fighting to-day as they were in the past
that'government of the people, by the people,


520
[December 14
THE DIAL
for the people, shell not perish from the
earth.' "—Professor Paul Fournier, of the
Paris Law School and member of the Insti-
tute, sends me in separate form an article of
his which has come out in the latest number of
the "Revue Generale de Droit International
Public," which shows that in 1139 the second
Council of the Lateran "prohibited among
Christians the use in war of arms which were
too murderous"; and these arms were the
bow and cross-bow! "We have made progress,
especially on the Teutonic front, since those
ancient days."—M. and Mme. Leblanc, who
have formed at their hotel at 6 Avenue de
Malakoff, Paris, a remarkable collection of
drawings, engravings, and documents bearing
on the present war, write me as follows: "We
are aiming to establish a public museum
devoted to the bibliography and iconography
of the war so that the French may later live
over again the present struggle and never
forget it as some have that of 1870."—The
interesting chronique which appeared in a
recent number of the "Temps," "Les Diners
de Victor Hugo," has led some to suppose
that we were to have another volume of the
great poet's table-talk. But such is not the
case. M. Marcel Pillon, the author of the
article, is too young to have sat at the table
of Victor Hugo; "these souvenirs come to me
from my grandfather."—Mme. Marcelle
Tinayre has just returned from a five months'
visit at Salonica and is now engaged in writ-
ing her impressions of her voyage in Greece,
which will be followed by a story whose plot
will be laid in Salonica. The war and these
writings occasioned thereby have suspended
the completion of the Toulon novel which
Mme. Tinayre had under way in 1914, as ex-
plained in a letter of mine to The Dial a year
or so ago.—Professor Giorgio del Vecchio, of
the university of Bologna, sends me a pam-
phlet, which has appeared both in French and
Italian: "Les Raisons Morales de la Guerre
Italienne" (Paris: Societe d'Economie
Sociale), "Le Ragioni Morali della Nostra
Guerra" (Bologna: Stabilimento Poligrafico
Emiliano). His desire now is to have it
come out in English dress too. The spirit
which pervades this pamphlet is shown in
these lines which I take from the author's
letter to me: "No wer has been felt more
profoundly and more intensely wished for,
none has been actuated by a more elevated
imperative morality; never was there a more
just war, whose aim is not only natural but
human redemption. Our conscience is clear
as our enthusiasm is ardent; and we have
absolute faith in victory."—Much has been
said of some of our fine young Americans
who have given their lives for the cause of
the Allies. But one youthful hero has been
somewhat overlooked,— Kenneth Weeks of
Boston, who fought in the same company with
Gorky's son. The latter told ine that the last
time he saw him, on the fatal day, Weeks was
"rushing forward, face to the enemy." His
mother has just brought out a little memorial
volume, "Kenneth Weeks, a Soldier of the
Legion" (London: George Allen), which con-
tains new and touching details not only of
her son but also of this terrible struggle still
in progress on the western front.
Theodore Stanton.
November 30, 1916.
CASUAL COMMENT.
The latest Nobel Prize winner, Verner
von Heidenstam, is described as being almost
everything that his famous fellow-country-
man, Strindberg, was not. Idealist and ro-
manticist to his finger tips, the younger man
has for at least thirty of his fifty-seven years
waged vigorous warfare on the realism of his
celebrated senior in literary art. It was in
the eighties and nineties that the battle
between the realistic and the romantic schools
in Sweden developed its greatest fury, and
the realists were winning when the young
painter-poet, fresh from postgraduate travel
and study in Greece and the Orient, belted
on his sword in defence of the things of the
imagination, of beauty in literature and art,
and "proclaimed the Renaissance doctrine of
the 'joy of life,' " as one of his admirers has
expressed it. Born to wealth, an aristocrat
of polished manners and courtly bearing,
somewhat of a dilettante, an enthusiastic
Hellenist (perhaps, like Pater before him, of
the Cyrenaic school), and with a mind
enriched and enlarged by extensive travel,
this gentleman and scholar had, manifestly,
little in common with the wild-eyed, long-
haired, and generally unkempt followers of
Ibsen and Strindberg and their like. Poet,
novelist, critic, historian, philosopher, and
teacher, Verner von Heidenstam is best
known for his great work "Hans Alienus,"
comparable in scope with "Wilhelm Meister"
and "Jean-Christophe," his "Endymion,"
and his historical study, "The Carolines," on
Charles XII. and his period. So far as imper-
fect acquaintance with the man and his work
can enable the distant observer to judge, this
latest winner of the Nobel Prize for literature
deserves the honor.


1916]
521
THE DIAL
An old story revived may enjoy a vogue
comparable with its first popularity. Such
a rehabilitated favorite seems at present to
be "The Man Without a Country," current
conditions in the political and military world
being obviously of a nature to secure a will-
ing re-reading (or it may be in many
instances a first reading) of Dr. Hale's
famous masterpiece. Amid the chorus of
praise with which the story has been deserv-
edly hailed, it is noticeable that at least one
dissentient voice has striven to make itself
heard. As a curiosity in literary criticism,
let us quote these words from a Philadelphia
correspondent to a prominent New York
journal: "Permit me to characterize the book
as being, as far as a fair knowledge of Eng-
lish literature would justify me in saying,
probably the most malicious, mean-spirited,
fiendish book that the mind of man has con-
ceived. For unblushing ferocity, for malice
and delight in punishment, for bad manners
and low general character, I do not know
anything to equal it." Though such a charge
hardly needs rebuttal, let us quote a single
paragraph near the end of the story, where
Danforth, evidently voicing the author's sen-
timents, thus unbosoms himself: "Ingham, I
swear to you that I felt like a monster that I
had not told him everything before. Danger
or no danger, delicacy or no delicacy, who was
I, that I should have been acting the tyrant
all this time over this dear, sainted old man,
who had years ago expiated, in his whole
manhood's life, the madness of a boy's trea-
son? 'Mr. Nolan,' said I, 'I will tell you
everything you ask about. Only, where shall
I begin?'" If there is anything "malicious,
mean-spirited, fiendish" in the supposed treat-
ment of Philip Nolan, it certainly has not the
author's final approval.
A pitfall for authors is often hidden in
the innocent looking scrap of negotiable paper
received in exchange for a literary produc-
tion. A beginning writer, in the glad triumph
of getting twenty-five or fifty dollars for a
piece of prose or verse, all out of his own head,
is seldom in a mood to scrutinize too closely
the fine print on the back of his check, just
above the place for his signature. He writes
his name with a flourish, and away goes the
check to his banker. Later it may or may
not dawn upon him that he has signed away
his rights — book rights, foreign rights, trans-
lation rights, dramatic rights, and film
rights — all for a pittance in hand, instead
of securing for himself and his heirs
a possible future revenue of respectable
proportions. Of course it may be only one
instance in a thousand that contains any
such delightful possibility; but why need-
lessly throw away even so remote a chance?
A writer mentioned by "The Author"
(London) was more canny. He sent an
article to a prominent journal of repute —
its name is given, but need not here be exposed
to further publicity — and it was accepted,
the note of acceptance specifically referring
only to publication in a certain issue, wherein
the article duly appeared. But the check sent
in payment had on its back a clause assigning
copyright to the publishers. The contribu-
tor, having entered into no such agreement,
crossed out this clause before endorsing; and
as a natural consequence the check came back
unhonored and marked "Alteration in receipt
requires initial of drawer." Back to its
source, therefore, went the check, with a note
to the editor pointing out that there had been
no cession of copyright in the correspondence
constituting the contract, and asking for a
remittance in accordance with the contract.
In a few days the desired remittance came,
with an apologetic note from the business
manager, who tried to save his face by add-
ing: "It is always understood that where no
special arrangement exists we possess the
copyright, but it is not a point which we
wish to press in your case." As a matter of
fact, the warrantable assumption, as "The
Author" maintains, is always the other way
about, and even in the absence of a letter of
acceptance, publication in a periodical implies
an article's acceptance only for such single
publication.
The way of the book-auctioneer is a
shining example in diplomacy. In this coun-
try there are seven well-known houses that
every year do a great business in passing old
books under the hammer, and hundreds of
other auction houses deal occasionally in the
same wares. New York, as the centre of our
booktrade, has five of these establishments:
the Anderson Galleries, the Walpole Galleries,
the American Art Association, the house of
Charles Fred Heartman, and that of Scott
& 0 'Shaughnessy. Boston is known to col-
lectors through the name of C. F. Libbie &
Co., if for no other reason; and Philadelphia
claims the veteran of the book-auction trade
in Mr. Stan V. Henkels. Reviewing this list
of caterers to collectors, one is naturally
moved to query what inducements they each
and severally hold out in order to win the
patronage both of those who have valuable
collections to dispose of and at the same time
of those who are looking for bargains in old


522
[December 14
THE DIAL
books. Of course the seller must be per-
suaded by the dealer who approaches him
that no other dealer can obtain for him such
good prices, and the buyer must be convinced
that nowhere else can he get so much for his
money. With what enticing arts this double
end, despite the obvious inconsistency in-
volved, is attained, only a Macchiavelli or a
book-auctioneer could explain.
The cultivation op superficiality has in
our modern America been carried to an
extreme unknown in any other age or nation.
The newspaper that we glance over every
morning encourages superficiality by arrang-
ing its matter so that it can be hastily
skimmed and then thrown aside. But of
course the cream, if it be worthy of so flatter-
ing a term, is about all one cares to get of
the daily news. Reputable magazines, how-
ever, have adopted the newspaper devices of
headlines and synoptical outlines. Even the
light serial novel now spares the belated
reader the trouble of turning back and read-
ing from the beginning. What has preceded
the current instalment is squeezed into a
few preliminary lines of fine print, even up
to the very closing chapters of the story. All
this is characteristic of our American prefer-
ence for knowingness at the expense of knowl-
edge. Deep study, prolonged and serious
reading, sustained intellectual effort, any con-
centration of attention beyond that called for
by the illuminated screen of the moving-pic-
ture theatre, are generally distasteful. We
take little pleasure in meditation and rumina-
tion; the only ruminants among us are the
gum-chewers. m m .
A DESERVEDLY POPULAR BOOK IN RUSSIA
bears the title, "The End of the War." It
is a novel by Lef Zhdanof, and it has run
through several editions. If one cannot have
the end of this atrocious international slaugh-
ter in fact, it is something to have it in fancy;
and possibly the imagination of it may help
to beget the reality, since all material facts
have their origin, as we are asked to believe,
in mental images. If this be so, what a fear-
ful responsibility must be borne by such a
writer as Mr. H. G. Wells, who long before
the year 1914 prepared the mind of man for
the most astonishing and terrifying develop-
ments in the art of war. But, not to insist
on a causative relation that it would be
impossible to prove, it is worth noting that
the Russians are reported by Mr. Stephen
Graham to have lost interest in the war as
a theme for literature. War stories and
poems and pamphlets and lectures no longer
pour from the press, and the mind of the
Slav seems to be focussing its attention more
upon the future, the time that shall be after
the war than upon the dreadful tragedy itself.
Alliterative aids to effective utterance,
both written and spoken, have long been in
use, though their occurrence in classical lit-
erature is rare. Indeed, the very word allit-
eration, though Latin in form and etymology,
is of post-classical origin. Among the users
of this device men in public life, especially
political life, are conspicuous. Political catch-
words with the alliterative ring come to mind
in some abundance, as "Fifty-four forty or
fight," "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," "Rum,
Romanism, and Rebellion"; also Cleveland's
familiar saying, "It is a condition which con-
fronts us," and Burke's "Men of light and
leading," "Not men, but measures," "The
dissidence of dissent, and the protestantism of
the Protestant religion." Fondness for allit-
eration is clearly seen in our present Presi-
dent's speeches and writings. His "watchful
waiting" has acquired a fame that might have
been denied to the same sentiment unalliter-
atively worded; and the same in a lesser
degree is true of his "pitiless publicity." His
very name is alliterative, and a little book of
the season containing examples of the "Wit
and Wisdom of Woodrow Wilson" emphasizes
by its title one of the marked characteristics
of these pithy utterances. Just as rhyme
(which, according to Milton, is "the jingling
sound of like endings") facilitates the mem-
orizing of verse, so alliteration, or the jingling
sound of like beginnings, helps to secure a
lasting lodgment in the memory for sayings
in prose.
In behalf of sanctity of copyright, even
in time of war and with reference to books
published in enemy countries, a letter is
addressed by Sir Frederick Macmillan, head
of the publishing house of Macmillan, to the
editor of "The Publishers' Circular." Its
tone shows that the recent Trading with the
Enemy Act, No. 2, has not the unanimous
support of English publishers. After explain-
ing that this second Enemy Act was passed
in order to create a copyright in place of
that annulled by the first Enemy Act, the
writer continues: "There is no obligation on
the part of the Public Trustee to grant
licenses for the publication of such works
[works by enemy authors published during
the war], although he has the power to do
so; and as it seems to me impossible to main-


1916]
523
THE DIAL
tain that the publication of such works in
England is a national necessity affecting
either the safety of the State or the result of
the War, I am of opinion that the government
should instruct the Public Trustee not to
grant any licenses at all. The copyrights in
Enemy books would thus be secured and held
intact until after the war, when they could
be restored to their owners. This we should
do, not for love of the Germans, but for the
sake of our own self-respect." The real mis-
chief in the matter was done when the original
Trading with the Enemy Act was passed
without any adequate understanding of its
bearing on the copyright question. When
this relation revealed itself the second Act
was passed in a vain attempt to right a wrong.
Those competent to pass an opinion seem not
to have had much voice in this discreditable
piece of legislation.
Oddities op book-illustration are touched
upon in the current issue of "Branch Library
News." Particular mention is made of the
frequent discrepancy between picture and
text, especially in novels. It must have been
with this lack of concord in mind that Mark
Twain ventured to address the artist chosen
for the illustration of his "Connecticut
Yankee." As quoted in the article here
referred to, the humorist said: "Mr. Beard,
I do not want to subject you to any unneces-
sary suffering, but I do wish you would read
the book before making the pictures." The
artist replied that he had read it twice, at
which the author expressed surprise, adding:
"I did not think it was the custom with illus-
trators, judging from some of the results I
have seen." But there are not a few careful
and conscientious illustrators, as those can
testify who have been called upon to help
them in their search for an authentic por-
trait, for instance, or for a picture of a cos-
tume of a certain date. The writer of this
recalls a long hunt in a large library for a
satisfactory likeness of the Duke of Keich-
stadt. In the latest annual Report of the City
Library Association of Springfield, Mass., the
librarian tells of certain illustrations asked for
by an illustrator, and adds with truth: "It
often takes longer to hunt up a desired picture
than a book." The pictures desired by this
Springfield artist were as follows: "A hair-
dresser of about the year 1750 — in knee
breeches; the interior of a tailor shop fifty
years ago; a daguerreotype frame; a revol-
ver of the style of 1865; a man dressed in the
costume of 1850 — with whiskers and long
hair; a thigh bone; a coiffure of 1750; a pig."
COMMUNICATIONS.
NOTES FROM JAPAN.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
It is officially announced that "Snow on the
Distant Mountain" is the subject which has been
chosen for the competitive poems to be judged in
the Imperial Court on New Year's Day, 1917.
Verses should be sent to the Bureau of Poetry of
the Imperial Household Department, to arrive not
later than December 31, 1916. No one may con-
tribute more than one poem. As English is not
debarred, there is nothing to prevent some of The
Dial constituency from entering the competition.
It is not likely, of course, that an English poem
would win a prize; but it has already happened
that such a contribution has been welcomed and
has received "honorable mention." But an English
poem in this contest should not be very long; it
should be less expressive than suggestive or
impressionistic.
The following clipping from the "Japan Times"
is of some general interest:
The Encyclopedia Japonica undertaken by the
Dobunkan has been completed, its last volume having
recently been published. It is almost fifteen years
since the first volume of the encyclopedia was issued,
and it is reported that the publisher spent more than
one million yen in preparing the work.
The encyclopedia consists of twenty-six volumes,
and is divided into seven sections, Commerce, Educa-
tion, Medicine, Law, Philosophy, Industry and
Economy, the total number of pages being 24,788.
It is the first undertaking of the kind in Japan.
Prominent scientists and businessmen of the coun-
try have supported the publication, and although it
may not be so complete as similar works issued
abroad, it is already recognized as a most valuable
publication. Six hundred and eighty-five scientists
and authorities have edited the twenty-six volumes.
The encyclopedia not only includes facts and
explanations of things Japanese, but also serves as a
reference work and dictionary of foreign customs and
technical expressions. In this sense the new Ency-
clopedia Japonica is a combined encyclopedia and
dictionary. Each section can be purchased separately,
and it is not necessary to buy the whole twenty-six
volumes. The price of the complete work is 276 yen.
Mr. Tokutomi, the able editor of the "Kokumin
Shimbun," of Tokyo, has published recently an
editorial urging that the education of woman is
necessary to national expansion. He says that,
as woods are necessary in procuring water for a
river, so women are essential in solidifying foreign
emigration. He says that "our success in Hawaii
and the Pacific Coast is evidently due to the
family system, for wife and children always make
the land homelike wherever men may go." But
he says that "Japanese women ought to be made
international." "They should consider the world
their home and be prepared to go anywhere in
company with their husbands." And he strongly
urges that the education of women should be
encouraged, of such a kind as to cultivate the
international spirit.
Ernest W. Clement.
Tokyo, Japan, November 10, 1916.


524
[December 14
THE DIAL
A PLEA FOR THE AMATEUR.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
It has occurred to me that a word should be
said for the Amateur; for may we not over-
emphasize the virtue of professionalism? My
ideas on the subject are, of course, suggestive for
. art of living rather than for editorial proce-
ure.
Recently a woman read to me some original
vers libre and impressionistic essays that gave
me a rich afternoon and a lingering aftermood
of sparkling, aesthetic ideas, a play of senti-
ment and feeling that conferred the sensation that
“life” (the elusive, vivid Something most of us
pursue but attain not, for it appears to many of
us to be stored in books, foreign travel, adventures
that overtake remote and magical personalities)
was vibrating here about me and penetrating my
soul with its glamor.
This writer has never tried to obtain publication
for her work; and since it is wifehood and busy
motherhood that have developed her natural
powers of mellow observation and fancy, sus-
tained by an underpinning of quaint authentic
humor, she does not seem to aspire to print. Her
writing is, without effort, just as her breathing is,
differing from the latter merely in that it takes
place at unexpected moments. Its completed effect
is as inevitable and natural as daisies in a field,
and quite as beautiful and refreshing. She is one
of those beings rare nowadays: an amateur, true
to the essential spirit of the lover of an art.
My reflections took this shape: I should like to
found a periodical for young, unknown, spon-
taneous writers, or, rather, not to insist on the
quality of youth or obscurity, a vehicle for
amateurs.
The experience recalled to me an occasion of the
past, when a friend handed me a tiny sketch
written by a Jewess and asked me what hope there
was of its being published. I replied, “No hope!”
For I knew the fine writing without substance
would kill the bit of sentiment in the eyes of any
editor. And yet, though that was years ago, in
the historic age when “fine writing" was univer-
Hally condemned, I often regret that that page of
sentimental prose was not published. Print would
have given it a point of distinction it could not
have in manuscript; and within the covers of a
magazine, related by association in contrast to
other productions, its essential quality would have
impressed the reader.
That essay gave me feeling, feeling rounded
to mood. And though the slight substance was
long ago forgotten, that mood, vague as the sensi-
bilities awakened on an autumn day, deliciously
sad and possessing, like those same sensibilities,
with the cool pungency of fog rolling in from the
sea late in the afternoon of this same autumn
day, remains with me still. I did not know the
author of that bit of prose, I never saw her or
heard her; but always I see her, luxuriant-haired,
sensuous-eyed, brunette of soul and body, wavering
magnetically back of the mood.
She gave me, with her word-evocation that was
artless, in our perverted sense of art, that was
spontaneous, as all intense feeling is spontaneous,
that was unconscious and accidental, a lasting
thrill. Yes, the tiny drop had the source of a
stream; it has flowed beside me, faintly purling,
ever since, and has freshened a narrow territory
of its own.
Having done thus much for me—and who would
forego that thus much, knowing not its measure-
ment, why not for others? Why should so
exquisite a presentment of sentiment pass unat-
tended? Why should the world waste so pleasur-
able an expression? We talk of conservation:
why should we not conserve more of our intellectual
and emotional products? What a delightful expe-
rience it would be for persons to meet for the
purpose of exchanging such matured expressions
of thought and feeling; and I am thinking, too,
that a magazine devoted to spontaneous outbursts
of gifted amateurs would contain much thoroughly
fresh and entertaining work. There is a perfume
of the essential psyche, a naïveté, poignant and
novel, that most professionals lose sometime before
they become professionals. When, after reach-
ing publication and fame, they attempt to regain
this pristine quality of their own beings, which
manifests itself in style, they fail. The fragrance,
the naïveté, they capture is new, somewhat arti-
ficial, often mere artifice. It is self-conscious,
overworked — the product of mature cleverness;
while the other, issuing always, be it understood,
from a genuinely gifted or highly talented person,
is unconscious, partaking of the quality of life
itself.
Against this taste of mine for green flavors
may be urged the juvenilia of celebrated authors.
But here I am strongest in my plea; for I find
in the juvenilia of many writers—Byron, Shelley,
Keats, to go no further—that tang of the newly
awakened ego attacking the world or enjoying it
with a lack of premeditation, self-consciousness,
or worldly wisdom, which is the true wisdom that
comes out of the mouths of babes.
In Japan they have a saying to the effect that
the old should listen to the wisdom of the young;
and talent, or genius, before it has crystallized
into technique, has often a crude individual mes-
sage, or shout, or murmuring, which it forgets
later, but which those who love all the strange
accents of the soul, would fain hear. We want all
that is. And we fear to miss the first stammerings,
or clamors, or unartful songs of inspired beings
in adolescence. Some solved riddle may be in
them; some beauty not native to this sublunary
sphere; some reminiscence, or some prophecy
we need. For while this earth and this earth's
human society is still alien to the soul, that may
be the soul's moment of most pure authenticity.
While still isolated and unaccustomed, its com-
ments might be more truly illuminating concerning
earth and its inhabitants, the ego newly born here,
than later when that ego has related itself to
environment and has grown accustomed to what
is, or appears to be, here as we circulate about
the sun. Louise GEBHARD CANN.
Seattle, Wash., November 29, 1916.


1916] THE
DIAL
525
(UHe 3Neſu Haaks.
A LEADER IN CONSTRUCTIVE
AMERICANISM."
At a time when the hyphen has received
more attention than it merits we may recall
to our profit the character and career of a
man who, with every temptation to foster
dissension in our national life, gave his whole
energy to the upbuilding of a sane, unembit-
tered, whole-hearted Americanism. The man
was Booker T. Washington, whose death a
year ago was a loss to our nation as a whole.
Though the death of this great and good man
is so recent, we may speak with confidence
of the work he wrought. He applied him-
self to one of the most baffling and terrible
problems that ever confronted a people;
more than any other man he indicated the
lines along which the solution of that problem
must be found, and more than any other man
he contributed to this solution. Well might
Mr. Andrew Carnegie write: “History is to
know two Washingtons, one white, the other
black, both Fathers of their people.”
Almost simultaneously two volumes have
appeared that discuss the labors and the char-
acter of this man. “The Life and Times of
Booker T. Washington” is precisely the kind
of work that the title suggests. Against the
slowly changing background of social, polit-
ical, and economic conditions that prevailed
in the South during the last sixty years it
traces the career of Washington. It borrows
interest from the fact that its author, Dr. B.
F. Riley, is a Southern white man of marked
ability who has renounced distinction in
other fields in order that he may give his
entire powers to the alleviation of the state
of the negroes and to the promotion of better
racial relationships. The second volume bears
also a felicitous title: “Booker T. Washing-
ton: Builder of a Civilization.” Assuming
that the reader is acquainted with “Up from
Slavery” and with the course of Washing-
ton's life, it analyzes and vivifies various
aspects of his work. Such chapter-headings
as “The Man and his School in the Making,”
“Leader of his Race,” “Washington: The
Educator,” “The Rights of the Negro,”
“Meeting Race Prejudice,” “Getting Close to
the People,” “Managing a Great Institution,”
and “Washington: The Man” will show the
scope and nature of the volume. There is
• THE LIFE AND TIMEs of BookER T. W.Ashington. By
B. F. Riley. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50.
BookER T. W.AsHINGTon: BUILDER of A Crvilization. By
Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe. New York:
Doubleday, Page & Co. $2
abundant emphasis on psychological matters
as well as on the character of Washington's
work. This book, like the first, has extrinsic
as well as intrinsic interest for us. One of
the authors was for eighteen years Washing-
ton's secretary; the other is a grandson of
Harriet Beecher Stowe.
By reading both books anyone may obtain
a satisfactory understanding of the negro
leader. The two works supplement each
other. Both are illustrated, the latter pro-
fusely. The first is provided with an index;
the second unfortunately is not. Each work
is good in its kind. Errors in details are
few; the only one noticed by the reviewer
is Dr. Riley's statement that the celebration
of America's triumph in the war with Spain
was held in 1897.
It was really a momentous occurrence in
American history when a negro lad in a West
Virginia salt mine overheard two colored
laborers discuss a school through which a
black youth could work his way. Extinguish-
ing the lamp in his cap that he might creep
nearer, he learned that the school was called
Hampton and that it was situated in distant
Virginia. He at once conceived the ambition
to attend it. His prospects of doing so were
meagre enough. Born in slavery, unable to
read or write until he was well in the teens,
long kept by his step-father from the
wretched school which at last had been open
to him, he had obtained the pitiable begin-
nings of learning by utilizing such hours as
could be spared from days of hard manual
toil. Until he had entered school he had been
known simply as Booker, but then in accord-
ance with a custom he had assumed a sur-
name, choosing that of a great man of whom
he had vaguely heard. At the same time he
had taken another step toward more civilized
living: he had previously worn neither hat
nor cap, but at this juncture had persuaded
his mother to make him a cap from a piece
of jeans cloth. Now upon hearing of Hamp-
ton he began planning and laboring to enroll
there. Two years later, after severe difficul-
ties, he made his way to the place and passed
his entrance examination — the sweeping of
a room — with honors. After a few years in
the institution so capably administered by
General Armstrong and a few more years in
finding himself, he was made principal of a
negro school which had theoretically been
founded at Tuskegee, Alabama. The rest of
his story is known, at least roughly, the world
OVer.
Never did a man accomplish his task under
conditions more delicate and trying. It was
as if he carried fire through a powder factory.


524
[December 14
THE DIAL
A PLEA FOE THE AMATEUR.
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
It has occurred to me that a word should be
said for the Amateur; for may we not over-
emphasize the virtue of professionalism f My
ideas on the subject are, of course, suggestive for
the art of living rather than for editorial proce-
dure.
Recently a woman read to me some original
vers libre and impressionistic essays that gave
me a rich afternoon and a lingering aftermood
of sparkling, aesthetic ideas, a play of senti-
ment^and feeling that conferred the sensation that
"life" (the elusive, vivid Something most of us
pursue but attain not, for it appears to many of
us to be stored in books, foreign travel, adventures
that overtake remote and magical personalities)
was vibrating here about me and penetrating my
soul with its glamor.
This writer has never tried to obtain publication
for her work; and since it is wifehood and busy
motherhood that have developed her natural
powers of mellow observation and fancy, sus-
tained by an underpinning of quaint authentic
humor, she does not seem to aspire to print. Her
writing is, without effort, just as her breathing is,
differing from the latter merely in that it takes
place at unexpected moments. Its completed effect
is as inevitable and natural as daisies in a field,
and quite as beautiful and refreshing. She is one
of those beings rare nowadays: an amateur, true
to the essential spirit of the lover of an art.
My reflections took this shape: I should like to
found a periodical for young, unknown, spon-
taneous writers,— or, rather, not to insist on the
quality of youth or obscurity,— a vehicle for
amateurs.
The experience recalled to me an occasion of the
past, when a friend handed me a tiny sketch
written by a Jewess and asked me what hope there
was of its being published. I replied, "No hope!"
For I knew the fine writing without substance
would kill the bit of sentiment in the eyes of any
editor. And yet, though that was years ago, in
the historic age when "fine writing was univer-
sally condemned, I often regret that that page of
sentimental prose was not published. Print would
have given it a point of distinction it could not
have in manuscript; and within the covers of a
magazine, related by association in contrast to
other productions, its essential quality would have
impressed the reader.
That essay gave me feeling,— feeling rounded
to mood. And though the slight substance was
long ago forgotten, that mood, vague as the sensi-
bibties awakened on an autumn day, deliciously
sad and possessing, like those same sensibilities,
with the cool pungency of fog rolling in from the
sea late in the afternoon of this same autumn
day, remains with me still. I did not know the
author of that bit of prose,— I never saw her or
heard her; but always I see her, luxuriant-haired,
sensuous-eyed, brunette of soul and body, wavering
magnetically back of the mood.
She gave me, with her word-evocation that was
artless, in our perverted sense of art, that was
spontaneous, as all intense feeling is spontaneous,
that was unconscious and accidental, a lasting
thrill. Yes, the tiny drop had the source of a
stream; it has flowed beside me, faintly purling,
ever since, and has freshened a narrow territory
of its own.
Having done thus much for me—and who would
forego that thus much, knowing not its measure-
ments—why not for others? Why should so
exquisite a presentment of sentiment pass unat-
tended? Why should the world waste so pleasur-
able an expression? We talk of conservation:
why should we not conserve more of our intellectual
and emotional products? What a delightful expe-
rience it would be for persons to meet for the
purpose of exchanging such matured expressions
of thought and feeling; and I am thinking, too,
that a magazine devoted to spontaneous outbursts
of gifted amateurs would contain much thoroughly
fresh and entertaining work. There is a perfume
of the essential psyche, a naivete, poignant and
novel, that most professionals lose sometime before
they become professionals. When, after reach-
ing publication and fame, they attempt to regain
this pristine quality of their own beings, which
manifests itself in style, they fail. The fragrance,
the naivete, they capture is new, somewhat arti-
ficial, ofte