n mere artifice. It is self-conscious,
overworked — the product of mature cleverness;
while the other, issuing always, be it understood,
from a genuinely gifted or highly talented person,
is unconscious, partaking of the quality of life
itself.
Against this taste of mine for green flavors
may be urged the juvenilia of celebrated authors.
But here I am strongest in my plea; for I find
in the juvenilia of many writers—Byron, Shelley,
Keats, to go no further—that tang of the newly
awakened ego attacking the world or enjoying it
with a lack of premeditation, self-consciousness,
or worldly wisdom, which is the true wisdom that
comes out of the mouths of babes.
In Japan they have a saying to the effect that
the old should listen to the wisdom of the young;
and talent, or genius, before it has crystallized
into technique, has often a crude individual mes-
sage, or shout, or murmuring, which it forgets
later, but which those who love all the strange
accents of the soul, would fain hear. We want all
that is. And we fear to miss the first stammerings,
or clamors, or unartful songs of inspired beings
in adolescence. Some solved riddle may be in
them; some beauty not native to this sublunary
sphere; some reminiscence, or some prophecy
we need. For while this earth and this earth's
human society is still alien to the soul, that may
be the soul's moment of most pure authenticity.
While still isolated and unaccustomed, its com-
ments might be more truly illuminating concerning
earth and its inhabitants, the ego newly born here
than later when that ego has related itself to
environment and has grown accustomed to what
is, or appears to be, here as we circulate about
the sun.
Louise Gebhard Cann.
Seattle, Wash., November 39, 1916.


1916]
525
THE DIAL
m	 Piein ^ookg.
A Leader in Constructive
AMERICANISM.*
At a time when the hyphen has received
more attention than it merits we may recall
to our profit the character and career of a
man who, with every temptation to foster
dissension in our national life, gave his whole
energy to the upbuilding of a sane, unembit-
tered, whole-hearted Americanism. The man
was Booker T. Washington, whose death a
year ago was a loss to our nation as a whole.
Though the death of this great and good man
is so recent, we may speak with confidence
of the work he wrought. He applied him-
self to one of the most baffling and terrible
problems that ever confronted a people;
more than any other man he indicated the
lines along which the solution of that problem
must be found, and more than any other man
he contributed to this solution. Well might
Mr. Andrew Carnegie write: "History is to
know two Washingtons, one white, the other
black, both Fathers of their people."
Almost simultaneously two volumes have
appeared that discuss the labors and the char-
acter of this man. "The Life and Times of
Booker T. Washington" is precisely the kind
of work that the title suggests. Against the
slowly changing background of social, polit-
ical, and economic conditions that prevailed
in the South during the last sixty years it
traces the career of Washington. It borrows
interest from the fact that its author, Dr. B.
P. Riley, is a Southern white man of marked
ability who has renounced distinction in
other fields in order that he may give his
entire powers to the alleviation of the state
of the negroes and to the promotion of better
racial relationships. The second volume bears
also a felicitous title: "Booker T. Washing-
ton: Builder of a Civilization." Assuming
that the reader is acquainted with "Up from
Slavery" and with the course of Washing-
ton's life, it analyzes and vivifies various
aspects of his work. Such chapter-headings
as "The Man and his School in the Making,"
"Leader of his Race," "Washington: The
Educator," "The Rights of the Negro,"
"Meeting Race Prejudice," "Getting Close to
the People," "Managing a Great Institution,"
and "Washington: The Man" will show the
scope and nature of the volume. There is
* The Life and Tikes of Booker T. Washington. By
B. F. Riley. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50.
Booker T. Washington: Builder of a Civilization. By
Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe. New York:
Doubleday, Page & Co. $2.
abundant emphasis on psychological matters
as well as on the character of Washington's
work. This book, like the first, has extrinsic
as well as intrinsic interest for us. One of
the authors was for eighteen years Washing-
ton's secretary; the other is a grandson of
Harriet Beecher Stowe.
By reading both books anyone may obtain
a satisfactory understanding of the negro
leader. The two works supplement each
other. Both are illustrated, the latter pro-
fusely. The first is provided with an index;
the second unfortunately is not. Each work
is good in its kind. Errors in details are
few; the only one noticed by the reviewer
is Dr. Riley's statement that the celebration
of America's triumph in the war with Spain
was held in 1897.
It was really a momentous occurrence in
American history when a negro lad in a West
Virginia salt mine overheard two colored
laborers discuss a school through which a
black youth could work his way. Extinguish-
ing the lamp in his cap that he might creep
nearer, he learned that the school was called
Hampton and that it was situated in distant
Virginia. He at once conceived the ambition
to attend it. His prospects of doing so were
meagre enough. Born in slavery, unable to
read or write until he was well in the teens,
long kept by his step-father from the
wretched school which at last had been open
to him, he had obtained the pitiable begin-
nings of learning by utilizing such hours as
could be spared from days of hard manual
toil. Until he had entered school he had been
known simply as Booker, but then in accord-
ance with a custom he had assumed a sur-
name, choosing that of a great man of whom
he had vaguely heard. At the same time he
had taken another step toward more civilized
living: he had previously worn neither hat
nor cap, but at this juncture had persuaded
his mother to make him a cap from a piece
of jeans cloth. Now upon hearing of Hamp-
ton he began planning and laboring to enroll
there. Two years later, after severe difficul-
ties, he made his way to the place and passed
his entrance examination — the sweeping of
a room — with honors. After a few years in
the institution so capably administered by
General Armstrong and a few more years in
finding himself, he was made principal of a
negro school which had theoretically been
founded at Tuskegee, Alabama. The rest of
his story is known, at least roughly, the world
over.
Never did a man accomplish his task under
conditions more delicate and trying. It was
as if he carried fire through a powder factory.


526
[December 14
THE DIAL
The Southerner, however much he may like a
negro, is suspicious of the negro; and more
than once Washington had the bad luck to
arouse the spirit of distrust and ill-will. A
chambermaid in Indianapolis who refused to
care for his room on the ground that she
"would not clean up after a nigger" brought
him unpleasant notoriety in a section of the
Southern press. After he had dined at the
White House a negro, who afterward stated
that he was in the pay of some Louisiana
white men, came to Tuskegee to assassinate
him, but fortunately fell ill and was cured of
both his physical and his emotional distemper
at the hospital of the institute. It is to be
noted that these exhibitions of hostility came
from those who were actuated by an idea
merely, who did not know Washington him-
self. Though sensitive of temperament, he
was too wise to regard the restrictions he so
often encountered as in any sense personal
affronts; and it is a remarkable fact that he
not only had loyal friends among Southern
white men, but "was never insulted by a
Southern white man." Grieved as he was
by unfairness shown to the negro, he found
consolation in the assistance which a negro
may readily command. The reviewer heard
Washington only once; but, as a Southerner,
was gladdened at heart at his assurance to a
Massachusetts audience that where a negro
has succeeded the success is due nine times in
ten to the friendship, encouragement, and
help of a Southern white neighbor.
The susceptibilities and inclinations of his
own race had likewise to be reckoned with.
After their liberation most negroes thought
of slavery as meaning labor and of freedom
as meaning immunity from labor. Led astray
by ill-advised Reconstruction measures, they
were in no frame of mind to do the one thing
they were capable of doing — to toil with
their hands. Even where they were learning
to work, their manner of existence was deplor-
able. Washington "found the great majority
in the plantation districts living on fat pork
and corn bread, and sleeping in one-room
cabins. They planted nothing but cotton,
bought their food at the nearest village or
town market instead of raising it, and lived
under conditions where the fundamental laws
of hygiene and decent social intercourse were
both unknown and impossible of application."
Furthermore there were parasites in plenty
— negroes who were prompt to come "unin-
vited and armed with huge empty baskets"
whenever a picnic was given, and to promise
Washington a turkey for Thanksgiving and
then borrow a dollar from him wherewith to
fatten the fowl. To give such a people self-
respect, to lay solid foundations for its
progress, was a task from which anyone might
shrink. But as Washington himself said in
the speech referred to above, he did not mind
difficulties; he thanked God, rather, that he
lived in an age and under conditions wherein
there were problems to be solved. His meas-
ures, in the main, were homely enough. He
preached soap, toothbrushes, and nightgowns,
pigs, and paint. Of the toothbrush, which he
made an entrance requirement at Tuskegee,
he said: "There are few single agencies of
civilization that are more far-reaching." He
taught his students to raise and prepare their
own food, and to make the bricks wherewith
the buildings at Tuskegee were constructed.
He insisted on frugality, on diligence, on
keeping out of debt. This was partly from
prudential reasons, partly as a refutation of
the popular belief that negroes, simply
because they are negroes, must be slipshod
and unsystematic. "He built up an institu-
tion almost as large as Harvard University
which runs like clockwork without a single
white man or woman having any part in its
actual administration." By his watchfulness
in small matters as well as great he won the
confidence of the Southern business man;
likewise he astonished Mr. Andrew Carnegie
by demonstrating that the building for a
library could be erected for $15,000. He
founded organizations for the promotion of
negro welfare. He engaged in extension work
before anything of the kind was done at
Wisconsin. He attracted strong support
from black people as well as from whites, and
by his close touch with negroes everywhere
he exerted an incalculable influence upon the
rank and file of his race.
He was interested in concrete and practical
matters. He saw that the negroes had begun
"at the top instead of at the bottom." For
this reason, and because "he never forgot
that over 80 per cent of his people drew their
living directly from the soil," he said little
of the things he regarded as non-essentials.
In his wish to emphasize the need for the
economic independence of the many, he also
said little about the cultural opportunities of
the few. Because of his silence on these
topics he was denounced by radical negroes
for cowardice and for truckling to the whites.
While the charge was absolutely unjust, the
thoughts that it suggests ramify into pathos,
into tragedy. "I do not think I exaggerate
when I say," declared Washington, "that
perhaps a third or half of the thought and
energy of those engaged in the elevation of
the colored people is given in the direction of
trying to do the thing or not doing the thing


1916]
527
THE DIAL
which would enhance racial prejudice. This
feature of the situation I believe very few
people at the North or at the South appre-
ciate." Yet he could be outspoken when the
occasion demanded. He protested that
negroes should not be charged for equal
accommodations on the railroads and at the
same time given inferior accommodations. He
himself violated Southern laws by riding in
Pullmans — a measure for the conservation
of his sorely tried strength which met with
the approval of the whites. Except in the
South he refused to be bound by Southern
customs in regard to racial relationships,
though he never accepted purely social invita-
tions from white people anywhere, and
allowed himself only that degree of social
intercourse with them which "seemed best
calculated to accomplish his immediate object
and his ultimate aims." He urged that
negroes be given a just chance educationally,
and dwelt upon the connection between igno-
rance and crime. He pleaded with legislators
against the disfranchisement of negroes as
negroes, his position being shown by the
words: "I do not advocate that the Negro
make politics or the holding of office an
important thing in his life. I do urge, in
the interest of fair play to everybody, that
a Negro who prepares himself in property,
in intelligence, and in character to cast a
ballot, and desires to do so, should have the
opportunity." Though in general he thought
it was wisest to work quietly and indirectly
against the murder of negroes by mobs, he
proved both his convictions and his courage
when he went to Jacksonville, Florida, in the
midst of a race war and denounced lynching.
The success of Washington did not come
from transcendent intellectual qualities.
These he did not possess. Much of it came
from sheer character — from the instinct
which caused him to be patient under adver-
sity, to shun even the appearance of exploit-
ing his own name by giving Chautauqua lec-
tures for profit to himself, to write
innumerable letters after his journeys to
"each and every person who had tried in any
way to contribute to the pleasure and success
of his trip." Much of it came from his right-
mindedness,— from what Mr. Howells has
called "his constant common sense." This
quality revealed itself in a multitude of ways.
It was shown by his judgment in not taking
too much for granted in his extension work,
in insisting "that the meetings be conducted
for the benefit of the ignorant and not in the
interests of the learned." It showed in his
anxiety that while the North was being
educated to give money, the cultivation of
wise relationships with the Southern white
people should not be neglected. It showed in
his use of his influence with Presidents
Roosevelt and Taft, "not to increase the num-
ber of Negro appointees, but rather to raise
the personnel of Negro officeholders." It
showed in "his unerring instinct for putting
first things first," and for watching minute
details without losing sight of large ends. It
was supported by a patient, constructive, and
optimistic spirit. "Lynchings are widely
reported by telegraph," he explained; "the
quiet, effective work of devoted white people
in the South for Negro uplift is not gener-
ally or widely reported." He reminded
negroes that the handicaps to which they
were subjected "were after all superficial and
did not interfere with their chance to work
and earn a living." He pointed out the
superiority of the condition of the negro to
that of the peasant in Europe. And his con-
ception of his own task was that it consisted
not "so much in conducting a school as
educating a race." To the gifts which were
his through character and purpose must be
added the qualities of the born leader, the
natural administrator. When he bade, he
was obeyed; when he set an example, others
were inspired to emulate it.
The last years of his life constituted a race
against time. He had started his people upon
the upward course; he felt that nothing was
more vital than that capable leaders should be
provided while vast adjustments were still
in the making. Already Tuskegee had turned
out men and women who had proved they
might be relied on,— had proved they were
the hope of their race. He was eager that
this leadership should be still more rapidly
and successfully created. Hence at a time
when his strength was giving way under the
pressure of innumerable duties he applied
himself with even more prodigious energy.
There can be no question that his unselfish
exertions hastened his death. He left a great
work unfinished, but the impulse he gave it
was such as neither the black race nor the
white will willingly let die.
Garland Gbeever.
The series of articles by Isaac F. Marcosson now
appearing in the "Saturday Evening Post" is to
be published in January in book-form by the
John Lane Co., under the title "The War after
the War." In addition to the articles, which are
the result of the author's investigations in England
and France, the book will include a character
study of Lloyd-George together with his message
to the American people, and a sketch of Hughes
of Australia, the "Overseas Premier."


528
[December 14
THE DIAL
FOUR AMERICAN POETS*
Recognition of two principles underlies the
present poetic movement: the first, that
there exists no poetic subject as such — no
one matter, that is, more susceptible than
another of poetic treatment; the second, that
rhythm is organic — that the musical form
of verse must be intimately moulded by its
emotional content. On them has been based
almost entirely its broader appeal. As a
result there is observed a certain tendency
to misunderstand them and pervert their sig-
nificance. Because it is admitted that a poet
may find ample inspiration in modern life, it
is often contended that the theme of vital
poetry must necessarily be contemporary; and
because it is evident that every poet worthy
of the name invents his own versification,
however "regular" it may appear — when did
such a poet ever consciously write "iambs"?
—it is urged that only through deliberate
divergence from traditional practice is genu-
ine originality possible.
Mr. Edgar Lee Masters, at least, is the
victim of no such vain illusions. In his
latest book, "The Great Valley," the author
of the "Spoon River Anthology"—"the only
poet with Americanism in his bones," accord-
ing to Mr. John Cowper Powys, his "dis-
coverer"—writes of Apollo, the Furies,
Marsyas, and St. Mark, as freely as of the
men and women who made Chicago, while
this leading exponent of a new medium, mid-
way between prose and poetry, shows him-
self quite impartial in his employment of
traditional metres and of those free rhythms
more peculiar to himself — blank verse, the
rhymed pentameter couplet, and vers libre.
It would be hard to say in which he displays
the greater artistic ineptitude; and if one
were casting about for a convenient confuta-
tion of Mr. Max Eastman's theory of "lazy
verse," he need look no farther than a book
in which the worst of Whitman ("Come
Republic") is found side by side with the
worst of Shakespeare ("Man of Our Street"
and "The Typical American"). Not that
there do not occur flashes of the power and
penetration, coupled with the harsh felicities
of word and phrase, that made of the "Spoon
River Anthology," with all its obvious cru-
dities, a really notable performance. But they
* The Great Valley. By Edgar Lee Masters. New York:
Macmillan Co. SI.BO.
Chicago Poems. By Carl Sandburg. New York: Henry
Holt ft Co. $1.26.
Men, Women and Ghosts. By Amy Lowell. New York:
Macmillan Co. S1.26.
Mountain Interval. By Robert Frost. New York: Henry
Holt ft Co. $1.26.
are relatively few, and largely lost in the
welter of words.
The truth is, of course, that Mr. Masters,
who seemed at one time to give a certain
artistic promise, is not primarily an artist at
all, but a moralist and social philosopher of
vague ideological tendencies. For the
moment, in the "Spoon River Anthology,"
his discursive instincts were held in check
by the sheer mechanical requirements of the
restricted form he imposed upon himself, in
the brief space and inscriptional succinctness
of the epigram. This artificial restraint once
removed, however, the poet appears in his
proper guise as a popular preacher of semi-
literary, pseudo-scientific pretensions, who
has read "Bob" Ingersoll, Darwin, Gobineau,
Grote — a whole shelf-full of the "World's
Best Literature,"—and is eager to bring
the conglomerate wisdom thus acquired to
bear upon the solution of social problems, the
mystical interpretation of our national des-
tinies. In this merely edifying end, all sense
of artistic proportion is lost. A story like
that of "Cato Braden," which would have
been compressed into fourteen lines in the
"Spoon River Anthology," is here developed
interminably through as many pages. Even
then the poet, fearing lest he may not have
exhausted all its implications, returns to the
attack in a supplementary poem, "Will
Boyden Lectures," a sort of funeral sermon
for the country editor, dead at the age of
fifty-one, of wasted opportunities and Bright's
Disease. The significance of the whole is
summed up in the admonition addressed to
city-dwellers, at the end of the first poem, to
Think sometimes of the American village and
What may be done for conservation of
The souls of men and women in the village.
— a fairly representative example of his
habitual homiletic style.
The poems in which Mr. Masters is least
unsuccessful are those in which he only too
seldom seems stirred by some note of personal
feeling, such as "Malachy Degan," the lightly
touched portrait of a prize-fight referee; and
"Slip Shoe Lovey," a genuine enough bit of
greasy kitchen genre. Those in which, on
the other hand, he is seen at his absolute
worst, are the Chicago series, where the
"bigness" of his theme, as he conceives it,
betrays him into almost incredible turgidity
and bombast. "Bigness" has an equally bale-
ful effect upon Mr. Carl Sandburg, inciting
him, in his "Chicago Poems," to a brutality
and violence of expression about which there
seems a good deal that is alien and artificial.
But there are apparently two Mr. Sandburgs:
one the rather gross, simple-minded, sen-


1916]
529
THE DIAL
timental, sensual man among men, going with
scarcely qualified gusto through the grimy
business of modern life, which, mystical
mobocrat, he at once assails and glorifies; the
other, the highly sensitized impressionist who
finds in the subtle accords between his own
ideal moods and the loveliest, most elusive
aspects of the external world, material for
delicate and dreamlike expression. The first
Mr. Sandburg is merely a clever reporter,
with a bias for social criticism. The second,
within his limits, is a true artist, whose
method of concentration, of intense, objective
realization, ranges him with those who call
themselves "Imagists."
This method of Imagism, with its insistence
upon the clear, concrete, sharply defined
rendering of the poet's idea or "image,"
whatever this may be,— Miss Lowell protests
against the current notion of the Imagist as
exclusively a picture-maker,— naturally tends
to restrict his range, to throw him back upon
the briefer lyric or dramatic forms for expres-
sion. There are Imagists, however, who refuse
to accept as inevitable the narrow limitations
seemingly imposed by their artistic ideal.
They are ambitious to achieve longer, more
considerable aeuvres than the epigram. Doubt-
less one of these days we shall have an
Imagist epic, and perhaps Miss Lowell will
be the author of it. At present, however,
she is content to appear in the more modest
role of story-teller.
Not that the tales contained in her latest
collection, "Men, Women and Ghosts," are
by any means her first, whether in the more
usual verse forms to which she, no less than
Mr. Masters, turns from time to time; or in
her more characteristic vers libre; or in her
still more personally flavored "polyphonic
prose." Those who have read her earlier vol-
ume, "Sword Blades and Poppy Seed," will
recall, particularly, two pieces in the last-
mentioned manner, "In a Castle," and "The
Basket," as among the best things it con-
tained. Indeed it is doubtful if the new
book, with the possible exception of "Pat-
terns"— a perfect thing in its way — has any-
thing to show quite so successful. One
cannot help feeling, as one reads, that Miss
Lowell, exhilarated by former successes, has
come to write too much and too rapidly.
Often her instinct for what is really signifi-
cant fails her in those poems in which, as
she says, "the dramatis personse are air,
clouds, trees, houses, streets, and such like
things"; her impressionism — or rather
"expressivism"—degenerates into a mere
passion for the picturesque; and she seems
content to achieve upon occasion a scattering
effect with a charge of buckshot, where we
should have expected a succession of bull's-
eyes. And if this is true even of so richly
and warmly colored a composition as "Mal-
maison"—which suffers also from a certain
sluggishness of movement in spite of its brisk
phrases — it is felt very much more in many
of the other poems — particularly in those
where Miss Lowell employs that "unrelated"
method, or method of the "catalogue," which,
however fascinating for the artist, constitutes
a very distinct menace for her art.
Nor do we always feel the same variety and
elasticity in her rhythms as before, owing no
doubt to the constantly increasing strain put
upon them. Formerly Miss Lowell was satis-
fied to make them merely the appropriate
musical embodiment of her thought and feel-
ing — organic, in short. Now she seeks often
to render them directly imitative of the "pro-
nounced movements of natural objects," such
as the hoops and shuttlecocks of the little
girls in "A Roxbury Garden," or of the "flow-
ing, changing rhythm" of musical instru-
ments in "The Cremona Violin." and
"Stravinsky's Three Pieces 'Grotesques,' for
String Quartette." Each reader must decide
independently as to the success of these
novel and daring experiments. But in
the opinion of the present reviewer, at least,
Miss Lowell has very largely sacrificed that
beauty which comes from the handling of the
line of verse as an instrument in itself, in
order to achieve what is at best but a faint,
far-off suggestion of the alien effect aimed at.
The same straining effort after imitation
as an end, not as a means merely, leads Miss
Lowell to invent words, or rather vocables, to
represent sounds in nature directly, instead
of simply suggesting them imaginatively.
This is always a questionable device, to be
used sparingly. With Miss Lowell it has
become a habit, almost a vice, threatening to
spread like a blight over all her work.
Scarcely a poem of any length in the present
collection but presents one or more example,
like the
Whee-e-e I
Bump! Bump 1 Tong-ti-bump!
with which she attempts to rival the dis-
sonances of modern music.
Such a practice, carried to such bizarre
excess, simply bears witness to the poverty
of the poet's verbal resources. In general
it may be said of Miss Lowell that her feeling
for the color values of words is much superior
to her sense of their sonorous quality. And
yet without the latter — language being what
it is, a purely musical medium—there can be
no real distinction of style in poetry. Very


530
[December 14
THE DIAL
few American poets to-day show such dis-
tinction. Mr. Robert Frost has a touch of
it in more than one poem in his latest collec-
tion, "Mountain Interval,"—in "The Oven
Bird," for example:
There is a singer everyone has heard
Loud, a midsummer and a midwood bird,
Who makes the solid tree trunks sound again.
It is for this purely sensuous quality, as
well as for his genuine passion for nature,
expressed through such wealth and delicacy
of observed detail, that one most legit-
imately reads and admires Mr. Frost. There
are, too, elements of deep divination in his
art, where it touches complex human relations
and reactions. But as a dramatic and nar-
rative poet, his method is often unnecessarily
cryptic and involved. Thus in "Snow" there
is nothing sufficiently remarkable either in
the incident itself, or in the resultant revela-
tion and clash of character, to justify its
long and elaborate treatment. But in "In
the Home Stretch" the poet is singularly
successful in suggesting ghostly presences, in
creating a veritable haunted atmosphere for
the old New England farmhouse, akin to that
produced by the English poet, Mr. Walter
de la Mare, in "The Listeners." Mr. Frost
is the one continuator at present of the "tradi-
tion of magic" in American poetry.
"William Aspenwall Bradley.
ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON OUR
INSTITUTIONS*
Some such volume as this has long been
needed by the students of American history.
Not, indeed, that Mr. Cunningham has done
more than indicate the way in which their
demands may one day receive satisfaction.
His book is rather a series of important and,
often, brilliant hints than in any sense a
full and formal treatise. He is occupied
rather with the analysis of institutions than
with the tracing of ideas; of the influence,
for example, of English political ideas upon
the nature of American democracy he has
nothing whatever to say. Of the relation of
the ideas of 1787 to Puritan experience in
the Civil War he has no comments to make.
But Mr. Cunningham would rightly answer
that one cannot do everything in half a dozen
lectures. He might well claim to have pointed
a moral which historical students have been
perhaps too prone to forget in their anxiety
to foster the native product. He makes us
realize the entire lack of relation between the
• English Influence on the United States. By
W. Cunningham. D.D. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
isolation of geography, on the one hand, and
the isolation of ideas on the other. His book
may well prove the stimulus to that fertiliz-
ing novelty of outlook to which, for example,
the ingenious scholarship of Professor F. J.
Turner has long made us accustomed. The
same merits which have made Mr. Cunning-
ham's "Growth of English Industry" a
classical work, its breadth, its solidity, the
ability to weave the most diverse authority
into something like an integrated and artistic
whole, are here present in a full degree. His
book gives us a realization of the complex
strands which have gone to the making of our
national institutions. His book will help to
dissipate a legend of separatism which has
been with us too long. And in so far as it
aids in that dissipation, it will be a welcome
contribution to international understanding.
But Mr. Cunningham's book suggests cer-
tain reflections on the character of American
historical work which it is perhaps worth
while to adumbrate. This is the age of the
documented monograph. No statesman, no
area, no event seems too small to be studied.
No one can grumble at the loving care which
edits the writings of the Fathers in a hundred
massive volumes. If Hay and Nicolay choose
to bury Lincoln behind the great tangled mass
they elected to call a biography, we may at
any rate feel the comfort that from this
material the characterization we so urgently
need may one day be evolved. But the prob-
lem grows more serious when that case
becomes extended to purely local problems —
when men choose, for example, to write on
the grand scale the history of a single city
during the Revolution, or to detail in a heavy
octavo the social gossip of a middle-western
town a hundred years ago. One begins more
and more to entertain the disquieting sus-
picion that the heaven-sent historian who is
one day to do for America what men like
Stubbs and Green and Maitland have done
in their respective spheres for England, will
be overburdened by his material and give up
that work in disgust. Yet nothing is more
urgently needed than the synoptic view from
which a philosophic interpretation can alone
be derived. There seems a real danger lest
our specialists may make us lose all sense of
perspective. Men seem less willing to attempt
the historic feats of Hildreth or McMaster.
Professor Channing's fine fragment remains
as yet a fragment. The book we so urgently
need from Professor Turner seems almost
beyond our hopes. Meanwhile the material
accumulates endlessly, until we are likely to
be buried beneath it. The modern student
seems more anxious to produce what is new—


1916]
531
THE DIAL
mainly in the sense of whet is unpublished—
than to attempt the interpretation of those
problems about which we have now sufficient
material to form an adequate judgment. Men
like Professor Andrews, who will make the
half of American history their own, grow
more and more rare; or, if they are with us,
they do not write. The materials have become
so vast that there are few who have the cour-
age to undertake the examination of a great
period rather than the elucidation of some
tiny topic within that period. It is scholar-
ship, but it is not history.
A book like Mr. Cunningham's calls us
beck to a truer perspective. If the young
scholar wishes to be the chief living author-
ity on the tactics of Bunker Hill, or of
sectionalism in North Carolina, we shall not
grudge him the privilege; but we shall ask
of him something more. Those of us who,
while bound to remain outsiders in the study
of American history, are yet deeply interested
in its study, are a little tired of the choice
that is now offered us. We have a plethora of
handbooks, none of which attains, to take a
single example, to the superlative vigor of
J. R. Green. If we would avoid that tedium,
there is little save the monograph that is
fully abreast of modern research. It is true
enough that the age of the grand amateurs
is passed. We shall see no more Motleys or
Prescotts or Parkmans. History has become
scientific; and the student must be trained
to the use of his tools. But because we are
scientific we need not cease to be human.
We must remember that if history is a science,
it is also, and not less truly an epic. It must
not cease to tell events so that, even when a
century and a half has passed, we can catch
the subdued murmur of Lincoln's voice at
Gettysburg just as, after the lapse of two
thousand years, the very inflection of
Pericles's moving tones comes to us in the
hard passion of Thucydides. Let us train our
scholars to the tasks of scholarship. But let
us ceaselessly emphasize the function of
scholarship in the service of humanity.
Harold J. Laski.
POETRY FROM THE TRENCHES.*
Robert W. Service has been a poetic phe-
nomenon. More or less ignored by the critics,
he has won a vast following. And it seems to
me time for a fellow-craftsman to protest that
in this case the public is right. During these
years while "The Spell of the Yukon" has
• Rhymes of a Red Cross Man. By Robert W. Service.
New York: Barse and Hopkins. $1.
accumulated a staggering sale of five hundred
thousand copies and while the wells of
Kipling have been growing muddy or dry,
the professors of poetry and the dilettanti
have been paying attention to Imagists and
Spectrists, leaving Service — they thought —
to school-boys. But the popularity of this
poet need not have hurt him in the eyes of the
discerning nor need his debt to Kipling have
injured him in their ears.
It happens that I had just read and
reviewed "Spectra," the latest expression of
"the new verse," and been struck with it as
a strange phosphorescent crest of impression-
ism, when there came into my hands the vol-
ume by Service, "Rhymes of a Red Cross
Man," two hundred pages of sturdy sen-
timental realism. And I started up with a
gasp. Here was "the old verse." Here was
something actual, intimate, human, alive.
I will grant at the outset, to such as incline
to disagree with my estimate, an occasional
familiar crudeness in the book and the mawk-
ishness of poems like "Our Hero," "Son,"
and "The Convalescent." But the crudeness
is the kind you grasp hands with heartily and
the mawkishness is the kind you look away
from respectfully, and what's left, by far the
greater part, you thrill and laugh over like a
boy.
Here, as in the earlier poems, is an implicit
acknowledgment of the debt to Kipling. It
reaches even to free use of the phrase, "thin
red line of 'eroes" or to the refrain, "For
I'm goin' 'ome to Blighty in the mawnin'"
echoing the refrain of "Danny Deever." But
such echoes are the proper salute of kinship;
for this latest book confirms Service not as
Kipling's imitator only but as his successor.
"The Ballads of a Cheechako" and "Rhymes
of a Rolling Stone" were a disappointment to
those who suspected their author of a true
and important gift; for they contained noth-
ing of the calibre of "The Spell of the
Yukon," that big poem which distinguished
his first volume, "Songs of a Sourdough," and
has become the title-poem of its later editions.
Nor did the general contents of his two inter-
mediate volumes bear out the general promise
of the first or prepare one for the vigor and
sweep and human emotion of these poems of
the War. The poems are dedicated to Ser-
vice's brother, "killed in action, August
1916," but the emotion in them is not melan-
choly or bitter. It is not against; it is for.
And it is not for a kingdom on earth or in
heaven, but for your home and your fellows;
and there's a recurrent feeling that your fel-
lows may, after all, be Germans.


532
[December 14
THE DIAL
The best of the poems are long narratives
in dialect, Cockney or Scottish. There are
"The Odyssey of 'Erbert 'Iggins," "The
Whistle of Sandy McGraw," "Bill the Bom-
ber," "The Haggis of Private McPhee," "The
Coward," "Only a Boche," "My Bay'nit,"
and "My Mate." Fragments are unsatis-
factory, but one stanza from "The Red
Retreat" shows how the Tommies set out and
hints at days and nights that followed.
"A-singin' ''Oo's Yer Lady Friend f' we started
out from 'Arver,
A-singin' till our fronts was dry—we didn't care a
'ang;
The Frenchies 'ow.they lined the way, and slung us
their palaver,
And all we knowed to arnser was the one word
'vang';
They gave us booze and caporal, and cheered for us
like crazy,
And all the pretty gels was out to kiss us as we
passed;
And 'ow they all went dotty when we 'owled the
Marcelaisey!
Oh, Gawd! Them was the happy days, the days too
good to last."
Perhaps in "The Song of the Pacifist" Ser-
vice is expressing his own judgment that the
establishment of "justice and truth and love"
and of Right against Might, can only be a
lesser victory, in fact will be "a vast defeat,"
unless our children's children "in the name
of the Dead" conquer War itself. But the
book is not in its best element a commentary
or a conclusion, it is an emotion; and therein,
in emotion and in action, lies its strength. It
is what Kipling might have made of the War,
had his genius still been young. Though the
master would have written with surer artistry
and less sentiment, the pupil has an advan-
tage or two. Kipling showed what discern-
ment genius could give an imperialist; Ser-
vice shows what discernment sympathy can
give a democrat. And where the Englishman
used technical terms with an impressive pro-
ficiency sometimes confusing to the layman,
the Scotsman uses the slang of the trench so
casually and fitly that the picture and the
action is on the instant clear-cut and unmis-
takable. Detail after detail of life at the
front takes its place in the various narratives,
adding touches of excitement, pathos, terror,
tenderness, or humor, and in the end imbuing
this particular reader with a closer sense of
life in the Great War than any correspondent,
novelist, or poet has yet given him — making
it so natural, straightforward, first-hand,
vibrant, that if you are like me you will close
the book with the painful silence in the ears
that follows great sound and the flush in the
head that comes from the sight of broken
bodies and the squeeze in the throat that
comes in the presence of honest human emo-
tion. It is not a criticism from without, but
a cry from within — dignifying even "Tip-
perary." We have been inquiring for the
poetry of the War. In my judgment, here
it is.
Witter Bynner.
FEEDING TEE BELGIANS:
In "War Bread" Mr. Hunt tells the story
of the succor of a nation. He served as an
American delegate of the Commission for
Relief in Belgium, but there is nothing in his
book of the aridity of a statistical or official
document. Instead, Mr. Hunt has given us
a singularly fresh and personal view, a series
of impressions, always sincere and moderate,
often of admirable vividness. If he was
tempted to sentimentalize over Belgium, he
resisted the temptation, and his narrative is
pointed only with the sharpness of the
observed fact.
He was singularly fortunate in the begin-
nings of his adventure. He set out for Europe
on a neutral liner, crowded with German
reservists going home to the war. It was a
complete initiation into a point of view. Mr.
Hunt later visited Berlin and talked with
leaders and recruits, with radicals and
scholars; there is nothing to indicate that he
learned anything new about the Teutonic
temper or philosophy. On the decks of the
"Nieuw Amsterdam" he had absorbed the
whole of that German philosophy of might
which has regimented a people—sentiment
borrowing the cool language of science, the
national will to power investing itself with
the sanctions of an alliance with Destiny.
All these German reservists exhibited that
insensitiveness to the fate of the individual
which grows inevitably out of the Teutonic
habit of "thinking in centuries" and merging
the identity of the citizens in the abstract
identity of the State; they were the creatures
of a new categorical imperative, foredoomed
to the hardness that has always marked off a
"chosen people." In so far as a nation yields
to this mystical fatalism, it is already suffi-
ciently dehumanized for aggressive war.
Mr. Hunt's fellow-travellers set out in a
lyric mood, flushed with confidence. They
saw Germany marching to her manifest des-
tiny, a Germany glorified by the romantic
imagination, supreme in science and in
industry, keeper of the curious modern cult
of efficiency, ready now, having disciplined
• War Bread. A Personal Narrative of the War and
Relief in Belgium. By Edward Eyre Hunt. New York:
Henry Holt and Company. 11.75.


1916]
533
THE DIAL
herself, to discipline Europe and the world.
The Iron Year had come, and the Fatherland
was prepared to assert the validity of a
natural law discovered, opportunely enough,
by German pundits.
Having studied the philosophy on the
"Nieuw Amsterdam" and in Berlin, Mr. Hunt
contrived to escape through the German lines
into Belgium, where he saw the religion of
expansion express itself in terms of the actual.
At Antwerp he lay for thrilling hours in a
coal hole under the foundations of a house at
number 74 rue du Peage, and heard the mes-
sengers of German kultur burst over-head.
They were truly expansive, those shells. Mr.
Hunt is very human about them. Faced with
the realities of war, he was incapable of the
solemnity of the moralist; an experience so
new and so tremendous must be tasted for
itself before one can hope to evaluate it.
"My senses were keenly alive to danger, but
there was a strange joy in the thought that
life was to be obliterated in a mad chaos of
flame and steel and thunder. Death seemed
suddenly the great adventure; the supreme
experience. And there was something splen-
did, like music, in the incessant insane snarl
of the shells and the blasts of the explosions."
From Antwerp, after the fall, he joined the
panic-stricken flight to the Dutch border. It
was such a sight as one does not often see,
the exodus of a people uprooted and swept
blindly forward on the winds of war, unthink-
ing, conscious only of a great fear:
Most of that sad army went dinnerless and supper-
less, and most of it still marched. Its own inertia,
not its will, seemed to carry it on, and a strange
sound came from it as it moved — a continuous dron-
ing, a low murmur, like heavy breathing, which filled
all the night air. That sound seemed to come from
the earth and the Bky and the trees and the grass,
as well as from the marching men. It was a sound
more terrible than human wailing. It was as if all
nature mourned, and as if this vast movement through
the night were the funeral procession of a nation. . .
In such moments the philosophy of the poor
alone stands, for it is a philosophy founded
on the harsh and wounding facts. That
strange optimism which desires only to live,
and which is hardly to be distinguished from
the blackest pessimism, emerges as the basic
philosophy of the miraculous survival of man-
kind in a hostile world. It was imparted to
the author by an old peasant whom he met on
the road to Belgium:
The war? Ah, monsieur, it is a curse. But then,
much in life is a curse, and we must bear it tranquilly.
To live, that is the important thing. Men fight each
other, cheat each other, steal each other's land, lust
for one another's wives — yes, monsieur, it is true —
but we must live. We must bear all tranquilly. It
is war. It is life, n'est-ce past
After the destruction, the reconstruction—
partial at least. Mr. Hunt was among the
first of the Americans to take service under
Herbert L. Hoover. He was assigned to relief
work in Antwerp, where he remained the
virtual economic administrator for a year;
and the closing chapters of his narrative deal
with the complicated and delicate administra-
tive and diplomatic details incident to feeding
and clothing two millions and a half of
people. The task was not simply one of
organization, of transportation and distribu-
tion, difficult as such a task would have been.
A campaign of publicity had to be under-
taken in the chief neutral powers, as well as
in England and France. An irresistible
sentiment had to be created that would make
it possible to treat the Commission's work in
Belgium as second in importance only to the
interests of the belligerent nations, and the
jealousy and suspicion of those nations had to
be allayed if the work of the Commission was
to be carried on without interference and
disastrous bickerings.
The man who achieved the miracles of
organization and diplomacy in Belgium was
Herbert L. Hoover, an American mining
engineer resident in London. Mr. Hunt wrote
"War Bread" partly to answer the question,
"Who is Hoover? and he has succeeded very
well in dramatizing an amazing talent. Mr.
Hoover, too, believes in efficiency, but his
efficiency is not precisely the German ideal:
it is an efficiency watchful to utilize instead
of to pare away the idiosyncrasies of the
human material with which it must work.
Mr. Hunt speaks of his chief as "a construc-
tive artist in human destiny," and as such
he has, of course, a certain ruthlessness of his
own. "He uses men, throws them aside and
forgets them, as every world architect must,
for he has, along with his amazing diplomatic
skill, as frank a way in dealing with men as
with conditions." Like all men of action, he
puts his trust in the fait accompli, and after
reading of his astounding address, you are
quite convinced that, in exceptional circum-
stances, it is the only doctrine. Those who
read "War Bread" will long remember, I
think, this quiet and masterful man with a
talent for big affairs. He is very nearly the
best type that our industrial civilization has
hitherto produced; he expresses us infinitely
better, for example, than our writers and our
artists. Our eloquence still lies in appropri-
ate action. George Bernard Donlin.


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1916]
535
THE DIAL
Braile's summing up of the emotional sit-
uation which made the impostor possible is
interesting:
“You see,” he resumed after a moment, “life is
hard in a new country, and anybody that promises
salvation on easy terms has got a strong hold at
the very start. People will accept anything from
him. Somewhere, tucked away in us, is the longing
to know whether we'll live again, and the hope that
we’ll live happy. I’ve got fun out of that fact in
a community where I’ve had the reputation of an
infidel for fifty years; but all along I’ve felt it
in myself. We want to be good, and we want to be
safe, even if we are not good; and the first fellow
that comes along and tells us to have faith in him,
and he'll make it all right, why we have faith in
him that's all.”
The book is not written in the style of Mr.
Howells's great period, that is, during the
time when he produced “A Modern Instance,”
“Silas Lapham,” “Indian Summer,” and “A
Hazard of New Fortunes.” There is no
deeply significant character in the book, none
that can rank with Silas Lapham, Bartley
Hubbard, or Lina Bowen. But it is a dis-
tinctly better story than “Miss Bellard's
Inspiration,” or “Through the Eye of the
Needle,” or “The Coast of Bohemia,” or in
fact any of Mr. Howells's later stories with
the possible exception of “The Son of Royal
Langbrith” and “The Landlord at Lion's
Head.” There is a unity of plot, a coherence
of motive, and a pictorial quality in the char-
acter drawing that make a real contribution
to our novels of American life.
ARTHUR H. QUINN.
RECENT FICTION.”
Miss Ethel Sidgwick is one of the most
individual of the English novelists of our
day. Of course any first-rate novelist is
individual; no one would read “These
Twain” fancying even for a moment that it
was by Mr. Wells, or “Victory” with the idea
that it was by Mr. Galsworthy. Mr. Hugh
Walpole, Mr. D. H. Lawrence, Mr. J. D.
Beresford, Mr. Compton MacKenzie — to
name a few others — are individual enough
to keep each one in his own particular sphere.
Miss Sidgwick, however, has a character
rather more marked than any of them, or at
least her books have. Superficially she
reminds one of Henry James, but any such
resemblance is as unimportant as in the case
* Hatchways.
By Ethel Sidgwick. Boston: Small,
Maynard and Co. $1.40. gwi n
THE VERMillion Box. By E. W. Lucas. New York:
George H. Doran Co. $1.35.
Sussex Goºse. By Sheila Kaye-Smith. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf. $1.50.
KING OF THE KHYBER RIFLEs. By Talbot Mundy.
apolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.35.
Indian-
of Mrs. Edith Wharton. Miss Sidgwick is
prečminently what is called “a novelist of
marked distinction”; she has to a very high
degree her own view of life and her own way
of expressing this view, and both are excel-
lent.
“Hatchways” is not one of her best novels.
It is presumably impossible for a novelist to
be invariably at her best,-- or his. Many
people cannot read “Daniel Deronda,” for
instance, or “The Adventures of Philip.”
Perhaps it was inevitable that the readers of
“A Lady of Leisure,” “Duke Jones,” and
“Accolade” should be disappointed in what
came next. In any case the present grievous
state of things in England would have made
impossible for an Englishwoman that sort
of imaginative contemplation which, it may
be supposed, is necessary to Miss Sidgwick's
best work. However it be, “Hatchways,”
though it is obviously by no one but Miss
Sidgwick, lacks the structural power that
assembles representative ideas and the imme-
diate imagination that makes them intelligible.
Miss Sidgwick's method and her people are
always subtle; here they are too subtle. In
Miss Sidgwick's other books one is sometimes
puzzled to know exactly what the author or
her people are talking about, but there has
generally heretofore been a confident feeling,
bred of experience, that they were talking of
something worth while. In “Hatchways”
one is not so sure. The people are held in a
less definite grasp and the plan in which they
have their parts seems less definitely con-
ceived.
A world governed by customs and tradi-
tions that are never mentioned, influenced by
feelings and emotions that are rarely ex-
pressed, that is the world as Miss Sidgwick
conceives it, perhaps because the English
world of leisured culture is the only one she
knows, perhaps because she feels that all the
world over people are pretty much alike.
The Ashwins and the Ingestres are excellent
types of the two kinds of people that are pre-
eminent in such a world; the latter can
comprehend in a measure but are usually too
self-absorbed to care to do so, the former not
only can comprehend but like to do so and
even feel that they must do something more.
The Duchess, and all the Oxbroughs, Adelaide
Courtier, and Sam Coverack, are of the
regular go-ahead type of English, often
fairly clever, the kind probably that is to-day
fighting the war. Ernestine Redgate and Sir
George Trenchard are of the finer rarer kind
that, one may hope, is directing the fighting.
M. Gabriel du Frettay, the young French-
man, understood them better than the others,


THE
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（±， ±， ± • .wf -teºs - ºr ~e， ~~~~ ！ !


1916]
537
THE DIAL
-
he had been born.
becomes possessed of it. It takes him a long
time, some seventy years, and costs him a
great deal, everything he has in life, down,
not to the uttermost farthing (for it really
pays for itself), but to the uttermost bit of
love, affection, and sympathy. He marries
but it is with the desire for children to carry
on the farm; his wife dies after having
brought him half a dozen boys and a couple
of girls. He looks on his children as helpers
to his ambition, but they do not share his
passionate desire for Boarzell;
another, they rebel and break away to find
success or failure, usually the latter. He him-
self becomes so absorbed in his own desire
that he cannot understand any other, and
so misses or throws away the love of the only
person who seems really to have understood
him. It is a grim sort of story, not by any
means without power, nor without touches of
tenderness by the way, but of rather an
incomprehensible subject. This overmaster-
ing passion for the land,- that is something
hard for us Americans to sympathize with;
and this particular overmastering passion for
a bit of wild land that no one had desired
for centuries, seemed as hard for the people
in the book to understand as it is for us.
Mr. Talbot Mundy’s “King of the Khyber
Rifles” is something very different from these
three others, severally and generally. Those
who read a good deal of fiction know the value
of variety as well as do those who deal in
physical diet. This is “a rattling story of
adventure” in India, in the Northwest of
India at the present day. Those learned in
literary history might perhaps dismiss it
superciliously as a combination of “Kim”
and “She,” and others less particular might
wish that Mr. Mundy would rid himself of
some mannerisms and touches that seem to
show the hand of the journey-man rather than
of the master. But the question of literary
originality is not an easy one; one can dis-
cover “sources” for “The Prisoner of Zenda.”
or “The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes,” and
yet certainly there was a great originality in
each book.
But aside from such speculations, taken
simply for what it is, Mr. Mundy's book is
an excellent story. It is a study of a man in
the Indian army who, on the outbreak of the
war, instead of being wild to get to Europe to
join in the general fight, desires to devote
himself to the task of keeping India loyal to
England until such time as the Colony grows
beyond the need for leading strings. Athel-
stan King is of the fifth generation of Eng-
lishmen in the Indian army and his feeling
The book tells how he
one after
God,' replied Micus.”
for India is too strong even for the blandish-
ments of an almost mythical Yasmini. Yas-
mini herself, though rather over-weighted by
the tremendous reputation given her, does
excellently when she gets a chance, and at
the end carries through what must be a sur-
prise except for the most acute of novel-
readers. All but the ultra-refined will follow
with interest the tortuous journey of King
in his effort to checkmate German influence
and plots in the Northwest and will receive
satisfaction from the suggestion that there
may be more to say later of King and his
redoubtable antagonist.
Edward E. HALE.
NOTES ON NEW FICTION.
Our Southern States afford America's nearest
approach to the material of the average English
author. There alone are the old families with
traditions and dependents, the sharply drawn dis-
tinctions of class, the general atmosphere of long-
established custom, which are so foreign to our
kaleidoscopic national unrest. All too frequently
this excellent material is ruined by an unskilled
pen. But in “Kildares of Storm," by Eleanor
Mercein Kelly (Century; $1.40), we find a
dramatic story well told, and told with an aston-
ishing degree of respect for the intelligence and
common sense of the reader. Kate Leigh had been
wooed, won, and brought over the mountains by
the last of the Kildares, whose Kentucky estate
was the rallying-ground of all the sporting blood
of the county. He ruled his people, as he ruled
his dogs, with an undisputed grip. The full-
blooded girl fell into the new life with the exul-
tance of youth set free, until the children came,
that is, and until Jacques Benoix, with his sym-
pathy, his manliness, and with a charm which her
husband lacked, gradually and unconsciously sup-
planted him in her affections. This is the back-
ground of the story. The tale itself concerns the
fortunes of Kate Kildare, of Jacques, of his son
Philip, and of the two highly strung daughters
of “the Madam,” as the county knew her. The
novel is swiftly moving, “strong,” and if not very
elevated, at least extremely good reading.
“Sure, ’tis talk keeps the world going,” Padma
Dan and Micus Pat were wont to agree over their
pipes and their warm punch. Seumas O'Brien in
his collection of stories called “The Whale and
the Grasshopper" (Little, Brown; $1.35), recounts
some of their talk—the philosophy that passed
between the two armchairs before the fire, the
yarns that were told, the shrewd comments on the
times, and the shrewder comments on human
nature. “‘There are a lot of fools in the world,
I'm thinking,' said the stranger. “There are, thank
This is the spirit in which
he greets life; its idiosyncrasies, its absurdities,
its tragedies, are all grist for his wit, his charm,
or his irony. As may be imagined, what


538
[December 14
THE DIAL
England calls “the Irish question” and also what
Boston calls “the Irish question,” come in for
their share. The author treats them all with
humor, beneath which lies oftentimes a keen dart,
or perhaps a deeper protest.
Devil: “Ireland has always been a great brother
to myself and England.” Irish imagination at its
best is a precious thing; and the reader may be
assured of finding it at somewhere very near its
best in “The Whale and the Grasshopper.”
“Beef, Iron, and Wine” (Doubleday, Page;
$1.25), is so like a volume of stories by O. Henry
that the effect is positively uncanny. Mr. Jack
Lait, who is advertised as writing “a fresh, snappy,
human story each day” for a Chicago newspaper,
and “a human Arabian Nights tale each month”
for a well-known magazine, has modeled his style,
his subject matter, and his technique so closely on
O. Henry that the comparison is inevitable.
Lait has the whole bag of tricks, and it is only
fair to say that he uses them with all the ease,
confidence, and success of the master. He can
produce a rabbit from the interior of a top-hat
or a gold watch from the ear of a reader in the
same surprising and delightful fashion as his great
exemplar. And he tells a story almost as well.
Certain qualities, the personality of genius, which
O. Henry had, the tenderness of insight, the sym-
pathy of complete understanding, cannot be
imitated; they are copyrighted by God Almighty.
But the accurate observation, the profound knowl-
edge of life, particularly of life in the big city,
the ability to make his characters vital in a few
words, and to crack off his story like a snap of
the whip, all these he has in large measure.
Every story or sketch in this volume, with the
exception of “One Touch of Art,” is an amazingly
clever and successful performance. Perhaps as
Mr. Lait acquires more renown, he may abandon
the imitative style he now employs and create a
new epic of American Nights entertainment.
Whatever he does will be interesting. In spite
of his horrible diurnal fecundity one may look with
anticipation for a new book from his pen.
When a good humorist turns to tragedy, there
are few more effective than he. The result is
always a little surprising — illogically enough;
for the manufacture of humor is a far more
serious business than the creation of pathos. It
is not strange that Irvin S. Cobb, who writes with
a true gift for humor, should prove equally effec-
tive when he becomes serious, as he does occasion-
ally in his collection of stories called “Local
Color.” (Doran; $1.35.) His title-story describes
the adventure of a struggling author who courts
local color as a prisoner in Sing-Sing. It tells of
his gradual descent to the level of his associates,
until, his term completed, he is ready to commit
his experiences to paper, and discovers himself
not only in the position, but actually in the state
of mind of the released, sullen convict. The story
is very moving, very convincing. But Mr. Cobb
cannot long remain tragic. In “First Corinthians”
he recites the humorous history of the East-Side
Mr.
One of the best of
his comments upon the question of Irish freedom
he puts, quite fittingly, into the mouth of the
Finkelsteins, whom charity adopts with bewilder-
ing results. “Smooth Crossing" is a very neatly
constructed tale of criminal and detective. And
perhaps the most typical of the lot is a newspaper
story, “Enter the Villain,” which Mr. Cobb asserts
to be absolutely moral-less. Moral or no moral.
it is excellent. The author's pictures of American
local color suggest a great deal that is not directly
painted in. They are something more than enter-
taining. -
A delightful compound of psychotherapy and
high spirits is “Richard Richard” by Hughes
Mearns (Penn; $1.35). An unambitious dabbler in
the modern black arts takes upon himself the eure
of the alcoholically inclined scion of the house of
Wells, which is distinctly the first family of Penn
Yan, N. Y. The Wells estate is a Southern planta-
tion transplanted to the shores of Keuka Lake,
and the family has the full measure of Virginia
indifference to mere financial routine. So it is
fortunate that Richard Richard proves to be
fabulously wealthy. The plot does not cut very
deeply into the structure of life, perhaps; but
the dialogue is quite delightful. There are
moments when is suggests Locke, and others when
it outdoes Mr. Dooley; it conveys painlessly and
without insistence the modicum of psychology
necessary to the reader. There are bits of acute
analysis throughout.
Katherine Metcalf Roof has written in “The
Stranger at the Hearth” (Small, Maynard; $1.35),
one of the analytical, intellectual novels we expect
from certain American woman writers. The story
presents two antitheses — that between the Anglo-
Saxon America of our fathers and the present
melting-pot, and that between the Anglo-Saxon
and Latin understanding of love. The social
contrast forms a continuous background to the
plot. The author is not of those who look with
hope to the future of America. One wonders
what she would say to Mary Antin, or Mary
Antin to her! She sees in the break-up of the
old tradition the cataclysmic descent of the hordes
of barbarism. From a hundred unexpected points
of view she presents the picture of the alien over-
running New York, as seen through the eyes of an
exquisite American woman married to an Italian.
She finds society vulgarized by the children of
immigrants, shops and streetcars filled with jos-
tling masses of inarticulate peasants, the English
tongue a rarity, courtesy the last heritage of the
waning aristocracy. The tragedy of the plot lies
in the innate lack of sympathy between the Amer-
ican Nina Varesca and her count. Upon her
return to her own country, she draws comparisons
between his alternating inconstancy and demon-
strativeness, and the companionable love exem-
plified in one of her compatriots. Her husband
is not capable of trusting her, and she is unable
to take him seriously until the final misapprehen-
sion has driven him to suicide.
Beatrice Forbes-Robertson Hale is a feminist,
and believes that women are individuals. The
individual at the centre of “The Nest-Builder"
(Stokes; $1.35) does not clamor for independence
and self-development, but she has a sure, relent-


1916]
THE DIAL 539.
less tendency toward home-making and striking
root in the community. She is a well-bred and
fine-spirited English girl, so beautiful that artists
find her their inspiration, and so talented that she
can at any moment become completely self-sup-
porting. (This relief from economic tension gives
a heroine an unfair advantage.) She marries a
genius of difficult and egotistical temperament,
who loves her for her beauty and hates the
shackles of domesticity to which she clings. Chil-
dren are an annoyance to him; to her, the central
motive. The alienation of the lovers is told sym-
pathetically, and distinctly from the woman's
point of view. The author, with much simplicity,
assumes certain feminine truisms which are out-
side the psychology of a man even of the genius of
Galsworthy. The story is rounded out by a
catastrophe, epic and moving, rather than by a
solution. Stefan Byrd dies a man, giving his life
to France in the great war, and leaves Mary to
fulfil her destiny without him. There could be
no other happy ending to this conflict of tempera-
ments.
“I do not believe it is moral to regulate life by
considering the desire to remain undisturbed of
those that are decayed and petrified.” So we
should all agree, probably, differing only in our
definitions of petrifaction. But June Ferriss,
the advanced heroine of Ethelyn Leslie Huston's
novel, “The Towers of Ilium” (Doran; $1.35),
adopted the extract in its entirety, refusing to
renew her illegal marriage with the father of her
child for the immoral reason (so the world
regarded it) that she did not love him. June
possessed the forcefulness, the sincerity, the
strength, of her exemplar Ellen Key; she also
possessed something of the obscurity, and her
author much of the verbosity, of the writer of
“Love and Marriage.” It is a clever turn of plot
that provides exactly the situation whereby Mrs.
Huston can prove her case. She does not outrage
the feelings of the conventional by conscious
immorality on the part of her heroine; but, hav-
ing pushed the girl into the required situation, she
lets her act and speak in accordance with her
perfectly justifiable standards of conduct. It is
all very neat and very interesting; but we wish
that she had not resorted to a trick. We wish,
too, that her tale had been shorter. The best of it
shows the development of the child June, her
dawning maturity, her premature gruelling by the
forces of the city, leading to her fight for the
unfortunate, and to the ideals which were to govern
her own precarious existence.
career, save in the light of a trial of strength, is
not very absorbing. But June herself is absorb-
ing, and the people who surround her are equally
real. The argument which lies behind their several
characters, desires, and existences is also a very
real, if debatable, one to present-day readers.
especially after the bombardment of Scarborough,
he is almost swept away into enlisting, but on her
death-bed she re-imbues him with his faith in the
righteousness of non-resistance. So, misunderstood
by his friends, he goes to serve as a non-com-
batant with the Ambulance, is reported killed, and
finally comes back wounded, to marry the daughter
of the Master of his college, a girl who had
accidentally kissed him in an early chapter. The
tale is told with a rollicking good-humor that
reminds one of Jerome K. Jerome, Ian Hay, and
other British jesters. Occasionally the sophistica-
tion of the style lapses into what one can only
call “kiddishness.” The psychology of the high-
spirited Quaker is indicated in a conventionalized
way, from the standpoint of resulting action.
There is a pompous and hypocritical M. P. who
is most satisfactorily outwitted in his pretensions
to the hand of the heroine.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
No one desiring to be well informed
in regard to affairs in the Orient
can afford to be without “The
China Year Book,” edited by Messrs. Bell and
Woodhead (Routledge, $3.75). The failure of the
editors to issue an edition for 1915, owing to the
European war, renders the volume for 1916, just
from the press, the more valuable. It is scarcely
desirable to list the subjects treated in this handy
reference book, for the reason that the list appears
to be wellnigh complete, and any partial mention
of subjects would only serve to mislead. The table
of contents shows thirty main heads, ranging from
geography to trade-marks, each of these heads
minutely subdivided for easy reference, and each
subdivision treated seemingly with painstaking
accuracy and in surprising detail. The book
should lie upon the desk of every newspaper man
who writes, either as editor or as reporter, about
The China
Year Book.
the Far East, and on the shelves of all students of
June's subsequent
the Orient or of contemporary international affairs.
:*: f No reader of John Muir's account
;: of his boyhood and youth can have
closed the book without wishing
for a sequel. And now the sequel appears in
“A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf," covering,
it is true, only a little more than half a year
(September, 1867, to April, 1868), but acceptably
bridging the gap between “The Story of My Boy-
hood and Youth” and “My First Summer in the
Sierra”— excepting an interval of a few months,
The conscientious objector enters fiction in most
attractive guise in “Quaker-Born” by Ian Camp-
bell Hannah (Shaw; $1.35). Edward Alexander,
a millionaire undergraduate of Cambridge, has
been brought up a Quaker by his devout and spir-
itual mother. At the outbreak of the war, and
which a letter added to the journal of the walk to
the gulf is made to cover. Not polished as a work
of literature, but perhaps none the worse for that,
is the hasty journal now given to waiting readers
by Mr. William Frederic Badë, who seems to have
discharged his editorial duties faithfully and well.
He had at his disposal both the original journal,
interlined and amplified by its author, and a type-
written rough copy, dictated to a stenographer
and slightly revised; also two separate elabora-


534
[December 14
THE DIAL
THE THIRST FOR SALVATION*
This latest novel of Mr. Howells differs in
some respects from his recent work, while in
general the methods which he employs in tell-
ing the story are characteristic. His choice
of a subject, in the first place, takes him
back to the scene of his youth and earlier
manhood in Ohio, which is rarely treated in
his other novels, except when, as in the case
of "The Kentons," he made this life a point
of departure for an international contrast.
The story deals with primitive emotions in
a primitive state of society. It is based, as
the author tells us, on the narrative of Judge
Taneyhill, from which the details concerning
the religious impostor who was the hero of the
story are taken. Mr. Howells has, however,
taken only the bare details; he has touched
these details with imagination; and the psy-
chological development of the religious enthu-
siasm of the community, which is the main
motive of the story, is apparently his own.
Joseph Dylks came to the little settlement
of Leatherwood Creek, in Ohio, at a time when
the religious interest of the community was
keen. This interest was sharpened by secta-
rian differences among the Evangelical sects;
but practical expedience made it necessary to
have one temple of worship, which the differ-
ent sects evidently used in turn. This condi-
tion of affairs made the settlement a very
fitting field for a religious impostor of the
type that Dylks represented. He began by
announcing himself as a prophet; then "he
mounted by degrees from the role of inter-
preter to that of a deity, and finally an-
nounced himself boldly as a god of equal
power with any god known to his hearers.
He is pictured as a man of striking personal-
ity, good looking in a coarse way, but with
very little balance of mind or fixity of pur-
pose. In the sequel he is shown to have had
even no physical courage.
The human relations of the impostor are
drawn with real skill. Some time before the
story opens he had married and deserted his
wife, Nancy, and she, believing him dead, had
married again. The character of the people
in that time and locality is indicated very well
by the severe standard of judgment by which
her brother, David Gillespie, made clear to
her that she must no longer live with her
second husband, Laban, even for a day, when
she knows that Dylks is alive. The parting
of the husband and wife is a bit of tragedy
simply told. Dylks at first makes no effort
• The Leatherwood God. By William Dean Howells.
New York: Century Co. $1.86.
to interfere with his wife, but later on he
endeavors to persuade her to live with him,
and she, having grown to loathe him, refuses.
Neither she nor her brother makes any effort
to expose him, fearing the personal hold which
he has upon her, and David Gillespie even
watches in silence the hypnotic effect that
Dylks is having upon Jane Gillespie, his
daughter. Nancy's oldest child, Joey (Dylks's
son), is allowed by his mother to attend the
revival meetings of Dylks, owing to some very
natural sub-conscious feeling on her part that
his father has some rights in him which even
his long neglect has not entirely destroyed.
The inevitable happens. Dylks is forced into
a position where he must produce a miracle of
a concrete character; he is unable to do so.
He is driven from his temple and from the
neighborhood by the forces of unbelief and
common sense and ends his days a pitiable
figure, after he has led his so-called "little
flock" to Philadelphia.
Howells makes the forces of common sense
and of irreligion concrete, but in different
bodies. In Squire Matthew Braile, he has
drawn a very interesting character who
typifies the unenthusiastic attitude toward
the religious enthusiasm of the neighborhood.
Matthew Braile delights in nothing so much
as to lead the followers of Dylks to self-con-
tradiction and self-exposure. Yet, when
Dylks has been seized by the young men of the
town who are the concrete representatives of
irreligion in an active sense and who drag
Dylks before the Squire for trial, Braile
decides that he must be allowed to go free,
since he has violated no statute of the State
of Ohio. Later on when the fugitive comes
back in despair and distress, Braile even
hides him from his pursuers.
Mr. Howells has evidently been rather
afraid that the psychology of his central char-
acter would remain hidden from the reader,
since in the last chapter, which takes the
place of a postscript, he invents a stranger
for the purpose of receiving Matthew
Braile's analysis of the character of Dylks
and of the situation of which he was the
central figure. According to him, Dylks
might have succeeded if he had had more
courage, since he was appealing to a very
primitive instinct and was himself more than
half deceived as to his mission. The fact
that a large number of persons believed in
him affected him in such a way that he began
to doubt whether after all he might not have
a divine mission and whether, if he merely
announced a miracle as likely to happen, it
might not really occur.


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535
THE DIAL
Braile's summing up of the emotional sit-
uation which made the impostor possible is
interesting:
"You see," he resumed after a moment, "life is
bard in a new country, and anybody that promises
salvation on easy terms has got a strong hold at
the very start. People will accept anything from
him. Somewhere, tucked away in us, is the longing
to know whether we'll live again, and the hope that
we'll live happy. I've got fun out of that fact in
a community where I've had the reputation of an
infidel for fifty years; but all along I've felt it
in myself. We want to be good, and we want to be
safe, even if we are not good; and the first fellow
that comes along and tells us to have faith in him,
and he'll make it all right, why we have faith in
him that's all."
The book is not written in the style of Mr.
Howells's great period, that is, during the
time when he produced "A Modern Instance,"
"Silas Lapham," "Indian Summer," and "A
Hazard of New Fortunes." There is no
deeply significant character in the book, none
that can rank with Silas Lapham, Bartley
Hubbard, or Lina Bowen. But it is a dis-
tinctly better story than "Miss Bellard's
Inspiration," or "Through the Eye of the
Needle," or "The Coast of Bohemia," or in
fact any of Mr. Howells's later stories with
the possible exception of "The Son of Royal
Langbrith" and "The Landlord at Lion's
Head." There is a unity of plot, a coherence
of motive, and a pictorial quality in the char-
acter drawing that make a real contribution
to our novels of American life.
Arthur H. Quinn.
Recent Fiction.*
Miss Ethel Sidgwick is one of the most
individual of the English novelists of our
day. Of course any first-rate novelist is
individual; no one would read "These
Twain" fancying even for a moment that it
was by Mr. Wells, or "Victory" with the idea
that it was by Mr. Galsworthy. Mr. Hugh
Walpole, Mr. D. H. Lawrence, Mr. J. D.
Beresford, Mr. Compton MacKenzie — to
name a few others — are individual enough
to keep each one in his own particular sphere.
Miss Sidgwick, however, has a character
rather more marked than any of them, or at
least her books have. Superficially she
reminds one of Henry James, but any such
resemblance is as unimportant as in the case
•Hatchways. By Ethel Sidgwick. Boston: Small.
Maynard and Co. $1.40.
The Vermilion Box. By E. V. Lucas. New York:
George H. Doran Co. $1.85.
Sussex Corse. By Sheila Kaye-Smith. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf. $1.50.
King of the Khyber Rifles. By Talbot Mundy. Indian-
apolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.35.
of Mrs. Edith Wharton. Miss Sidgwick is
preeminently what is called "a novelist of
marked distinction"; she has to a very high
degree her own view of life and her own way
of expressing this view, and both are excel-
lent.
"Hatchways" is not one of her best novels.
It is presumably impossible for a novelist to
be invariably at her best,— or his. Many
people cannot read "Daniel Deronda," for
instance, or "The Adventures of Philip."
Perhaps it was inevitable that the readers of
"A Lady of Leisure," "Duke Jones," and
"Accolade" should be disappointed in what
came next. In any case the present grievous
state of things in England would have made
impossible for an Englishwoman that sort
of imaginative contemplation which, it may
be supposed, is necessary to Miss Sidgwick's
best work. However it be, "Hatchways,"
though it is obviously by no one but Miss
Sidgwick, lacks the structural power that
assembles representative ideas and the imme-
diate imagination that makes them intelligible.
Miss Sidgwick's method and her people are
always subtle; here they are too subtle. In
Miss Sidgwick's other books one is sometimes
puzzled to know exactly what the author or
her people are talking about, but there has
generally heretofore been a confident feeling,
bred of experience, that they were talking of
something worth while. In "Hatchways"
one is not so sure. The people are held in a
less definite grasp and the plan in which they
have their parts seems less definitely con-
ceived.
A world governed by customs and tradi-
tions that are never mentioned, influenced by
feelings and emotions that are rarely ex-
pressed,— that is the world as Miss Sidgwick
conceives it, perhaps because the English
world of leisured culture is the only one she
knows, perhaps because she feels that all the
world over people are pretty much alike.
The Ashwins and the Ingestres are excellent
types of the two kinds of people that are pre-
eminent in such a world; the latter can
comprehend in a measure but are usually too
self-absorbed to care to do so, the former not
only can comprehend but like to do so and
even feel that they must do something more.
The Duchess, and all the Oxbroughs, Adelaide
Courtier, and Sam Coverack, are of the
regular go-ahead type of English, often
fairly clever, the kind probably that is to-day
fighting the war. Ernestine Redgate and Sir
George Trenchard are of the finer rarer kind
that, one may hope, is directing the fighting.
M. Gabriel du Frettay, the young French-
man, understood them better than the others,


536
[December 14
THE DIAL
which explains something of the logic of the
Entente.
"Hatchways," though it does not give us
so clear a notion of its author's world and her
view of it as Miss Sidgwick's other books,
gives it to us in much their manner. People
and things are presented much as they are —
without much direct narration, that is —
and we are left to gather what we can. That
is, of course, in the main, the method of life
itself; we see people and hear them talk, but
it is rarely that anybody tells us a finished
story of his life and adventures. Miss Sidg-
wick is selective; she tells only those things
that hang together; but she explains little,
and, as a rule, is content to jot down things
that are said and done and leave the rest
to us. When one remembers that she is deal-
ing with people who by habit and tradition do
not express their emotional life openly, and
who, when they do express themselves, have
not the gift of eloquence that belongs to some
other races, one can understand why Miss
Sidgwick may be called subtle. But subtle or
not she is always worth reading, and here,
though there are no figures like Violet Ashwin
and John Ingestre, there is yet much to inter-
est and charm.
A very different sort of rendering of life,
and yet almost as near the real thing, is Mr.
Lucas's "The Vermilion Box." Now that our
post boxes are painted green, it may not occur
to us that a vermilion box is a post box, but
in England presumably such is the case. Mr.
Lucas's book is a loosely connected series of
letters. Letters make an apparently realistic
rendering of life; but actually they are not
so real after all, for, though each letter may
be an absolute rendering of reality, nobody
but some unfortunate censor ever reads a col-
lection of letters written by people of the
same general group. Miss Sidgwick's mode
of realization has a bit more to say for itself.
We really do get a knowledge of people and
their lives by seeing them do this and that,
and by hearing them talk, even though their
sayings and doings may appear irrelevant at
the time; whereas one reads letters written
to others only on rare occasions.
Mr. Lucas's book contains, however, a very
entertaining set of letters to and from all
sorts of people in England and is probably
as characteristically English as Miss Sidg-
wick 's,— and that in rather a broader if not
deeper way. Those who write the letters are
mostly of one family, but that is a matter of
no especial importance, for they are a very
representative set. They are practically all
of one social class, the upper middle, I sup-
pose,— not the same as Miss Sidgwick's upper
sphere but equally representative of England.
They present all sorts of views of the war, or
rather they all present the same view, but
the different writers have varying feelings
and very different ways of taking the view
that they do take. There is Lieutenant-
Colonel Sir Vincent Starr, the soldier on
duty; Mr. Richard Haven, a bachelor over
military age, reflective and humorous, but
trying to find some way in which he can
make his abilities useful; George Wiston, a
retired brewer, "far from sanguine" (to use
a mild expression) as to what is going on,
sure that everything is being done wrong and
that the country is being betrayed and going
to the devil, and constantly writing to the
papers; Lady Starr, a regular soldier's wife
and mother; Mrs. Clayton-Mills, so absorbed
in her son that she cannot bear to have him
do anything; old Mrs. Haven, serious but
resigned to the strange changes of the times
and particularly to the change in the German
character since the days of Mendelssohn.
Then there are a lot of young ones,— Toby
Starr, who immediately hustles into khaki,
to camp, and to the front, carrying on a
courtship by correspondence and finally get-
ting a Victoria Cross; Richard Bernal, who
gets married just before going to the front;
and a number of other young people either
joining the army or finding some sort of work
in nursing. It is a most amusing book, full
of observation and humor, and it supplies as
well a light commentary on the course of
English life during the war.
Miss Sheila Kaye-Smith's "Sussex Gorse"
is a different piece of work from either of
the others. It is one of those long epic or
biographic chronicles which deal with a
decade as easily as an average book will deal
with an hour; the action runs on for seventy
years or so, during the lifetime of one indom-
itable men. Such a book can hardly tell its
story with any such unhurrying subtlety as
that of Miss Sidgwick or such unconnected
self-expression as Mr. Lucas's. We must
have things told us, and in such books as this,
— and there have been many of late,— we
get a sort of narration which is likely to
become dry and lifeless. It does not often
in Miss Kaye-Smith's book; her people are
generally alive to her imagination; if she
has occasion for a scene, it lives in her mind
and she can tell it with realizing detail. But
in the main such a book must be a chronicle
of what has happened.
What happened in this case is rather an
extraordinary thing. A farmer's lad, in 1835
or so, conceived the desire to become possessed
of Boarzell Moor, on the outskirts of which


1916]
537
THE DIAL
he had been born. The book tells how he
becomes possessed of it. It takes him a long
time, some seventy years, and costs him a
great deal, everything he has in life, down,
not to the uttermost farthing (for it really
pays for itself), but to the uttermost bit of
love, affection, and sympathy. He marries
but it is with the desire for children to carry
on the farm; his wife dies after having
brought him half a dozen boys and a couple
of girls. He looks on his children as helpers
to his ambition, but they do not share his
passionate desire for Boarzell; one after
another, they rebel and break away to find
success or failure, usually the latter. He him-
self becomes so absorbed in his own desire
that he cannot understand any other, and
so misses or throws away the love of the only
person who seems really to have understood
him. It is a grim sort of story, not by any
means without power, nor without touches of
tenderness by the way, but of rather an
incomprehensible subject. This overmaster-
ing passion for the land,— that is something
hard for us Americans to sympathize with;
and this particular overmastering passion for
a bit of wild land that no one had desired
for centuries, seemed as hard for the people
in the book to understand as it is for us.
Mr. Talbot Mundy's "King of the Khyber
Rifles" is something very different from these
three others, severally and generally. Those
who read a good deal of fiction know the value
of variety as well as do those who deal in
physical diet. This is "a rattling story of
adventure" in India,— in the Northwest of
India at the present day. Those learned in
literary history might perhaps dismiss it
superciliously as a combination of "Kim"
and "She," and others less particular might
wish that Mr. Mundy would rid himself of
some mannerisms and touches that seem to
show the hand of the journey-man rather than
of the master. But the question of literary
originality is not an easy one; one can dis-
cover "sources" for "The Prisoner of Zenda"
or "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes," and
yet certainly there was a great originality in
each book.
But aside from such speculations, taken
simply for what it is, Mr. Mundy's book is
an excellent story. It is a study of a man in
the Indian army who, on the outbreak of the
war, instead of being wild to get to Europe to
join in the general fight, desires to devote
himself to the task of keeping India loyal to
England until such time as the Colony grows
beyond the need for leading strings. Athel-
stan King is of the fifth generation of Eng-
lishmen in the Indian army and his feeling
for India is too strong even for the blandish-
ments of an almost mythical Yasmini. Yas-
mini herself, though rather over-weighted by
the tremendous reputation given her, does
excellently when she gets a chance, and at
the end carries through what must be a sur-
prise except for the most acute of novel-
readers. All but the ultra-refined will follow
with interest the tortuous journey of King
in his effort to checkmate German influence
and plots in the Northwest and will receive
satisfaction from the suggestion that there
may be more to say later of King and his
redoubtable antagonist.
Edward E. Hale.
Notes on New Fiction.
Our Southern States afford America's nearest
approach to the material of the average English
author. There alone are the old families with
traditions and dependents, the sharply drawn dis-
tinctions of class, the general atmosphere of long-
established custom, which are so foreign to our
kaleidoscopic national unrest. All too frequently
this excellent material is ruined by an unskilled
pen. But in "Kildares of Storm," by Eleanor
Mercein Kelly (Century; $1.40), we find a
dramatic story well told, and told with an aston-
ishing degree of respect for the intelligence and
common sense of the reader. Kate Leigh had been
wooed, won, and brought over the mountains by
the last of the Kildares, whose Kentucky estate
was the rallying-ground of all the sporting blood
of the county. He ruled his people, as he ruled
his dogs, with an undisputed grip. The full-
blooded girl fell into the new life with the exul-
tance of youth set free, until the children came,
that is, and until Jacques Benoix, with his sym-
pathy, his manliness, and with a charm which her
husband lacked, gradually and unconsciously sup-
planted him in her affections. This is the back-
ground of the story. The tale itself concerns the
fortunes of Kate Kildare, of Jacques, of his son
Philip, and of the two highly strung daughters
of "the Madam," as the county knew her. The
novel is swiftly moving, "strong," and if not very
elevated, at least extremely good reading.
"Sure, 'tis talk keeps the world going," Padna
Dan and Micus Pat were wont to agree over their
pipes and their warm punch. Seumas O'Brien in
his collection of stories called "The Whale and
the Grasshopper" (Little, Brown; $1.35), recounts
some of their talk — the philosophy that passed
between the two armchairs before the fire, the
yarns that were told, the shrewd comments on the
times, and the shrewder comments on human
nature. "'There are a lot of fools in the world,
I'm thinking,' said the stranger. 'There are, thank
God,' replied Micus." This is the spirit in which
he greets life; its idiosyncrasies, its absurdities,
its tragedies, are all grist for his wit, his charm,
or his irony. As may be imagined, what


538
[December 14
THE DIAL
England calls "the Irish question" and also what
Boston calls "the Irish question," come in for
their share. The author treats them all with
humor, beneath which lies oftentimes a keen dart,
or perhaps a deeper protest. One of the best of
his comments upon the question of Irish freedom
he puts, quite fittingly, into the mouth of the
Devil: "Ireland has always been a great brother
to myself and England." Irish imagination at its
best is a precious thing; and the reader may be
assured of finding it at somewhere very near its
best in "The Whale and the Grasshopper."
"Beef, Iron, and Wine" (Doubleday, Page;
$1.25), is so like a volume of stories by 0. Henry
that the effect is positively uncanny. Mr. Jack
Lait, who is advertised as writing "a fresh, snappy,
human story each day" for a Chicago newspaper,
and "a human Arabian Nights tale each month'
for a well-known magazine, has modeled his style,
his subject matter, and his technique so closely on
0. Henry that the comparison is inevitable. Mr.
Lait has the whole bag of tricks, and it is only
fair to say that he uses them with all the ease,
confidence, and success of the master. He can
produce a rabbit from the interior of a top-hat
or a gold watch from the ear of a reader in the
same surprising and delightful fashion as his great
exemplar. And he tells a story almost as well.
Certain qualities, the personality of genius, which
O. Henry had, the tenderness of insight, the sym-
pathy of complete understanding, cannot be
imitated; they are copyrighted by God Almighty.
But the accurate observation, the profound knowl-
edge of life, particularly of life in the big city,
the ability to make his characters vital in a few
words, and to crack off his story like a snap of
the whip,— all these he has in large measure.
Every story or sketch in this volume, with the
exception of "One Touch of Art," is an amazingly
clever and successful performance. Perhaps as
Mr. Lait acquires more renown, he may abandon
the imitative style he now employs and create a
new epic of American Nights entertainment.
Whatever he does will be interesting. In spite
of his horrible diurnal fecundity one may look with
anticipation for a new book from his pen.
When a good humorist turns to tragedy, there
are few more effective than he. The result is
always a little surprising — illogically enough;
for the manufacture of humor is a far more
serious business than the creation of pathos. It
is not strange that Irvin S. Cobb, who writes with
a true gift for humor, should prove equally effec-
tive when he becomes serious, as he does occasion-
ally in his collection of stories called "Local
Color." (Doran; $1.35.) His title-story describes
the adventure of a struggling author who courts
local color as a prisoner in Sing-Sing. It tells of
his gradual descent to the level of his associates,
until, his term completed, he is ready to commit
his experiences to paper, and discovers himself
not only in the position, but actually in the state
of mind of the released, sullen convict. The story
is very moving, very convincing. But Mr. Cobb
cannot long remain tragic. In "First Corinthians"
he recites the humorous history of the East-Side
Finkelsteins, whom charity adopts with bewilder-
ing results. "Smooth Crossing' is a very neatly
constructed tale of criminal and detective. And
perhaps the most typical of the lot is a newspaper
story, "Enter the Villain," which Mr. Cobb asserts
to be absolutely moral-less. Moral or no moral,
it is excellent. The author's pictures of American
local color suggest a great deal that is not directly
painted in. They are something more than enter-
taining.
A delightful compound of psychotherapy and
high spirits is "Richard Richard" by Hughes
Mearns (Penn; $1.35). An unambitious dabbler in
the modern black arts takes upon himself the cure
of the alcoholically inclined scion of the house of
Wells, which is distinctly the first family of Penn
Yan, N. Y. The Wells estate is a Southern planta-
tion transplanted to the shores of Keuka Lake,
and the family has the full measure of Virginia
indifference to mere financial routine. So it is
fortunate that Richard Richard proves to be
fabulously wealthy. The plot does not cut very
deeply into the structure of life, perhaps; but
the dialogue is quite delightful. There are
moments when is suggests Locke, and others when
it outdoes Mr. Dooley; it conveys painlessly and
without insistence the modicum of psychology
necessary to the reader. There are bits of acute
analysis throughout.
Katherine Metcalf Roof has written in "The
Stranger at the Hearth" (Small, Maynard; $1.35),
one of the analytical, intellectual novels we expect
from certain American woman writers. The story
presents two antitheses — that between the Anglo-
Saxon America of our fathers and the present
melting-pot, and that between the Anglo-Saxon
and Latin understanding of love. The social
contrast forms a continuous background to the
plot. The author is not of those who look with
hope to the future of America: One wonders
what she would say to Mary Antin, or Mary
Antin to her! She sees in the break-up of the
old tradition the cataclysmic descent of the hordes
of barbarism. From a hundred unexpected points
of view she presents the picture of the alien over-
running New York, as seen through the eyes of an
exquisite American woman married to an Italian.
She finds society vulgarized by the children of
immigrants, shops and streetcars filled with jos-
tling masses of inarticulate peasants, the English
tongue a rarity, courtesy the last heritage of the
waning aristocracy. The tragedy of the plot lies
in the innate lack of sympathy between the Amer-
ican Nina Varesca and her count. Upon her
return to her own country, she draws comparisons
between his alternating inconstancy and demon-
strativeness, and the companionable love exem-
plified in one of her compatriots. Her husband
is not capable of trusting her, and she is unable
to take him seriously until the final misapprehen-
sion has driven him to suicide.
Beatrice Forbes-Robertson Hale is a feminist,
and believes that women are individuals. The
individual at the centre of "The Nest-Builder"
(Stokes; $1.35) does not clamor for independence
and self-development, but she has a sure, relent-


1916]
539
THE DIAL
less tendency toward home-making and striking
root in the community. She is a well-bred and
fine-spirited English girl, so beautiful that artists
find her their inspiration, and so talented that she
can at any moment become completely self-sup-
porting. (This relief from economic tension gives
a heroine an unfair advantage.) She marries a
genius of difficult and egotistical temperament,
who loves her for her beauty and hates the
shackles of domesticity to which she clings. Chil-
dren are an annoyance to him; to her, the central
motive. The alienation of the lovers is told sym-
pathetically, and distinctly from the woman's
point of view. The author, with much simplicity,
assumes certain feminine truisms which are out-
side the psychology of a man even of the genius of
Galsworthy. The story is rounded out by a
catastrophe, epic and moving, rather than by a
solution. Stefan Byrd dies a man, giving his life
to France in the great war, and leaves Mary to
fulfil her destiny without him. There could be
no other happy ending to this conflict of tempera-
ments.
"I do not believe it is moral to regulate life by
considering the desire to remain undisturbed of
those that are decayed and petrified." So we
should all agree, probably, differing only in our
definitions of petrifaction. But June Ferriss,
the advanced heroine of Ethelyn Leslie Huston's
novel, "The Towers of Ilium" (Doran; $1.35),
adopted the extract in its entirety, refusing to
renew her illegal marriage with the father of her
child for the immoral reason (so the world
regarded it) that she did not love him. June
possessed the forcefulness, the sincerity, the
strength, of her exemplar Ellen Key; she also
possessed something of the obscurity, and her
author much of the verbosity, of the writer of
"Love and Marriage." It is a clever turn of plot
that provides exactly the situation whereby Mrs.
Huston can prove her case. She does not outrage
the feelings of the conventional by conscious
immorality on the part of her heroine; but, hav-
ing pushed the girl into the required situation, she
lets her act and speak in accordance with her
perfectly justifiable standards of conduct. It is
all very neat and very interesting; but we wish
that she had not resorted to a trick. We wish,
too, that her tale had been shorter. The best of it
shows the development of the child June, her
dawning maturity, her premature gruelling by the
forces of the city, leading to her fight for the
unfortunate, and to the ideals which were to govern
her own precarious existence. June's subsequent
career, save in the light of a trial of strength, is
not very absorbing. But June herself is absorb-
ing, and the people who surround her are equally
real. The argument which lies behind their several
characters, desires, and existences is also a very
real, if debatable, one to present-day readers.
The conscientious objector enters fiction in most
attractive guise in "Quaker-Born" by Ian Camp-
bell Hannah (Shaw; $1.35). Edward Alexander,
a millionaire undergraduate of Cambridge, has
been brought up a Quaker by his devout and spir-
itual mother. At the outbreak of the war, and
especially after the bombardment of Scarborough,
he is almost swept away into enlisting, but on her
death-bed she re-imbues him with his faith in the
righteousness of non-resistance. So, misunderstood
by his friends, he goes to serve as a non-com-
batant with the Ambulance, is reported killed, and
finally comes back wounded, to marry the daughter
I of the Master of his college, a girl who had
| accidentally kissed him in an early chapter. The
I tale is told with a rollicking good-humor that
reminds one of Jerome K. Jerome, Ian Hay, and
other British jesters. Occasionally the sophistica-
tion of the style lapses into what one can only
call "kiddishness." The psychology of the high-
spirited Quaker is indicated in a conventionalized
way, from the standpoint of resulting action.
There is a pompous and hypocritical M. P. who
is most satisfactorily outwitted in his pretensions
to the hand of the heroine.
Briefs on New Books.
The China
Year Book.
No one desiring to be well informed
in regard to affairs in the Orient
can afford to be without "The
China Year Book," edited by Messrs. Bell and
Woodhead (Boutledge, $3.75). The failure of the
editors to issue an edition for 1915, owing to the
European war, renders the volume for 1916, just
from the press, the more valuable. It is scarcely
desirable to list the subjects treated in this handy
reference book, for the reason that the list appears
to be wellnigh complete, and any partial mention
of subjects would only serve to mislead. The table
of contents shows thirty main heads, ranging from
geography to trade-marks, each of these heads
minutely subdivided for easy reference, and each
subdivision treated seemingly with painstaking
accuracy and in surprising detail. The book
should lie upon the desk of every newspaper man
who writes, either as editor or as reporter, about
the Far East, and on the shelves of all students of
the Orient or of contemporary international affairs.
Fr<"J* *• No reader of John Muir's account
john°Muir. of his boyhood and youth can have
closed the book without wishing
for a sequel. And now the sequel appears in
"A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf," covering,
it is true, only a little more than half a year
(September, 1867, to April, 1868), but acceptably
bridging the gap between "The Story of My Boy-
hood and Youth" and "My First Summer in the
Sierra"-— excepting an interval of a few months,
which a letter added to the journal of the walk to
the gulf is made to cover. Not polished as a work
of literature, but perhaps none the worse for that,
is the hasty journal now given to waiting readers
by Mr. William Frederic Bade, who seems to have
discharged his editorial duties faithfully and well.
He had at his disposal both the original journal,
interlined and amplified by its author, and a type-
written rough copy, dictated to a stenographer
and slightly revised; also two separate elabora-


540
[December 14
THE DIAL
tions of the journalist's sojourn in Savannah,
where he camped for a week in a graveyard —
strange choice of an open-air bed-chamber. Views
from photographs, with two sketches by Mr. Muir,
illustrate the long tramp, and a map shows its
course. (Houghton Mimm; $2.50.)
i^n"-Br£oort The Letters of Henry Brevoort to
cvmapondmee. Washington Irving' (Putnam;
$10.);, edited by George S. Hellman,
and eked out by an extended Introduction and a
number of other Brevoort papers, fill two attrac-
tive volumes uniform with the letters of Irving
to Brevoort published last year. Henry Brevoort
was a member of a distinguished New York
family, a prominent and public-spirited citizen,
and according to all the information we possess,
a cultured and likable man; but most persons will
read these letters because of their recipient, rather
than because of their author. Those here given,
which are from the family papers in possession
of Brevoort's grandson, Mr. Grenville Kane, bear
dates from 1811 to 1843, and are written from
various places — New York, Mackinac, Paris,
London. They deal pleasantly with neighborhood,
family, and personal matters, but they show noth-
ing that is new regarding Irving's character, and
reveal no important biographical facts. The sup-
plementary material includes four letters from
Irving to Brevoort not contained in the earlier
volumes. To all appearances these letters are
better edited than were those of Irving to Brevoort,
though the means of testing accuracy are not
so readily available. At all events, the introduc-
tions and occasional notes explain some of the
more obscure references to persons and places. A
slip like "Clare" as the title of John Howard
Payne's drama (Vol. II., p. 162) may be due to
careless proof-reading.
Caricatures
of satire.
"A Book of Burlesques," by H. L.
Mencken (Lane; $1.25), is exactly
the sort of thing it purports to be,
and exactly the sort of thing that readers of "The
Smart Set" have long been familiar with. It is
enough, perhaps, to say that Mr. Mencken is well
practised in its manufacture, and that these newly
published burlesques are fairly representative of
his degree of proficiency. Burlesque is not a thing
to chuckle over; it is not straight humor, laying
bare the incongruity of things. Nor does it invite
thought like satire. Satire, when it is good, strips
the covering from something inherently absurd or
pernicious. Not so burlesque, which takes any and
every subject for its travesty, making fun of
anything within its range of vision by means of
exaggeration and incongruity of phrasing,—"so
to speak," as Mr. Mencken would add. The con-
versation of pallbearers at a funeral, a concert
programme, a church before a wedding, Cheops
building his pyramid, two Americans viewing an
Alpine sunset,— these are a few of his subjects.
They are perfectly legitimate subjects for travesty
— provided you want to take the trouble. But
they are so ordinary that you have to take a
great deal of trouble, and employ quantities of
hyperbole, to save your travesty from being equally
ordinary. Mr. Mencken occasionally over-reaches
himself, exaggerating to the very brink of mean-
inglessness — so to speak. His burlesques are
veritable caricatures of satire.
The length and The present reviewer (like many
breadth of another delver in this field, doubt-
EnglUh drama. legg) hag had th(J need for ft com.
pact and properly edited collection of English
plays so often brought home to him by the impor-
tunities of would-be readers that he was prepared
to welcome any attempt to fill the gap. But to
tell the truth, the feat performed by Professors
Tatlock and Martin in their single volume
entitled "Representative English Plays (Century,
$2.50) fairly took his breath away. The boldness
of the plan is apparent from the table of contents,
on which twenty-five titles stand for the whole
length and breadth of English drama — Shake-
speare alone excepted — from "Noah's Flood" to
a society comedy that still holds the boards. In
order to bring the collection within these narrow
confines, the editors state in the preface that it
was impossible to include "all celebrated or influ-
ential plays or plays of all types." Thus in the
eighteenth century, for example, no specimen is
given of either the ballad opera or the bourgeois
tragedy. Many Elizabethan and Restoration plays
of world fame had to be omitted as well as plays
of transitional decades especially interesting to the
student since they represent the decline of one
tradition and the rise of another. It is less sur-
prising that little space should be allotted to the
minor creative periods. But in the case at least
of the interval of over sixty years between "The
School for Scandal" and "The Lady of Lyons,"
there is a break in the continuity which can hardly
be said to be bridged by the one intervening play,
Shelley's "Cenci, which belongs to the closest
rather than the legitimate drama. It is true that
during the Napoleonic upheaval, the London pub-
lic seems to have supported dramatic entertain-
ments of as low an order of merit as, according
to Mr. Archer, it is doing in the present world
catastrophe. But from the welter of early nine-
teenth century farces, extravaganzas, and spec-
tacles, one or two pieces might well have been
singled out, if only to illustrate the trend of the
times. Within limits, however, the editors of this
volume of plays have chosen with much wisdom.
In only two or three instances out of the twenty-
five is there likely to be general objection. One
is the selection of "Edward the Second" to rep-
resent Marlowe, whereby the reader is deprived
of what should be his inalienable right — the
"mighty line" of "Tamburlaine" or "Faustus."
The other is the choice of Dryden's "Conquest of
Granada" instead of "All for Love," even though,
as the editors contend, there is good reason to
desire the reader to be bored with the former
instead of being thrilled by the latter. It is ques-
tion of the historical versus the literary attitude.
The introductions and notes supply with rigid
economy of space the information necessary for
understanding each play and for setting it in its


1916]
541
THE DIAL
true perspective. Along with a summary of the
accepted critical estimates, there are many fresh
impressions, and there is throughout a praise-
worthy absence of the stereotyped phrase. In
some instances it is regrettable that clarity is
sacrificed to informality, and the looseness of cer-
tain of the statements may be challenged. Just
what, for example, does this assertion mean with
reference to "The Way of the World": "All that
saves the plot from being farce is that there are
no farcial situations" t Or this comment upon the
"cynical impudence" of "The School for Scandal":
"It is acceptable because the play is a work of art,
not a study of human character"? The bibliog-
raphy is on a sensible scale and it is well adapted
to the general purposes of the book. One omis-
sion, that of Dr. Bernbaum's "The Drama of
Sensibility," may be noted in an otherwise satis-
factory and suggestive list.
c thou • "The Problem of Human Peace,"
and peace™ by Malcolm Quin (T. Fisher
Unwin), is not likely to exercise
much influence in securing peace. To begin with,
admitting that Christianity has for nineteen hun-
dred years failed to contribute measurably toward
producing peace, he holds that only through
'Scientific Catholicism" can peace ever come. By
Catholicism he means the Church of Rome with
all its institutions, including the papacy; by
scientific Catholicism he means evolutionary reli-
gion and faith recognizing the discoveries of
science and reason, in short, Catholicism as the
Modernist would have it. That solid advantage
would come to the cause of peace through forward-
looking and greater acceptance of scientific knowl-
edge is beyond doubt. That this must of
necessity be linked with the Catholic Church is
wholly arbitrary, and is likewise a peculiarly em-
barrassing condition, seeing that Pope Leo X.
condemned the Modernist view of Catholicism
which is here advanced as a power for peace.
Before peace comes by this route the Catholic
Church itself will have to be convinced of the
Catholicism Mr. Quin is advocating.
The tragic death of Emile Verhaeren, who was
crushed while trying to board a train at Rouen on
November 27, is a loss not to Belgium alone but
to the world. For Verhaeren, while in a peculiar
sense the spokesman of his people, had found, for
our confused and aspiring civilization, a voice that
carried far beyond the borders of his own land.
Influenced in his youth by Hugo and the Roman-
tics, he early found his true way, and his first
published work exhibited a robust and joyous
naturalism. He was preeminently a singer of the
modern world, poet of democracy and industrial-
ism, who dreamed of a time when local jealousies
might be swept aside and when the energy that
he delighted to celebrate might express itself in
an international movement for a more habitable
world. It is a part of the pathos of his death
that it should have come at a time when events
had shown how illusory, or at least how premature,
were his most passionate dreams.
Holiday Publications.
II.
Biography and Reminiscences.
To have met Edward FitzGerald, if only for a
moment and for a brief interchange of courteous
commonplaces, is almost enough to justify a man
in writing his autobiography. Mr. Edward Clodd,
well known as an admirer of and writer about
FitzGerald, had the pleasure just indicated, and
also was blessed with some acquaintance with that
eccentric recluse's old friend, Mary Lynn, who
once allowed Mr. Clodd to copy one of Edward's
(thus she always called him) letters to her —
letters too familiar to be surrendered to Mr. Aldis
Wright for the collection he was publishing. This
letter Mr. Clodd reproduces in his "Memories,"
one of the most engaging, most seductive books
of its kind. A mere list of names from the table
of contents will fire the reader with a desire for
the book. Grant Allen, W. K. Clifford, Huxley,
Spencer, Du Chaillu, Whymper, Meredith, Gissing,
Andrew Lang, Moncure Conway, Sir Richard and
Lady Burton — these are a few of the many inter-
esting persons he knew and writes about. Por-
traits, of course, are not wanting. (Putnam; $3.)
Theatre-managers like the late Charles Frohman
are born, not made. From the day when, as a
boy of eight, he succeeded, to his great joy, in
selling a souvenir book of "The Black Crook"
at a profit of seventeen cents, to the time of his
management of more theatres than he could well
keep accurate count of, he burned with a single
enthusiasm — that for the stage, though he never,
except once as a lad, trod its boards in public.
The biography of this prince of showmen now
comes very acceptably to hand in a handsome
volume of generous proportions, written by Mr.
Isaac F. Marcosson and Mr. Daniel Frohman
(Charles's elder brother), and entitled "Charles
Frohman: Manager and Man." Such abounding
vitality, so cheery an optimism, so romantic a
temperament united with such practical sagacity,
will not soon find their equal, either in the
theatrical world or elsewhere. "Why fear deathf
It is the most beautiful adventure of life," were
the reassuring words with which, joining hands
with a little company of friends, he went smiling
to his ocean grave on the deck of the "Lusi-
tania." Sir James Barrie contributes a prefatory
"appreciation," cordial, affectionate, gently humor-
ous, and the book is profusely illustrated.
(Harper; $2.)
Admiral C. C. Penrose FitzGerald resumes the
history of his seafaring in a substantial volume
entitled "From Sail to Steam" (with no apologies
to Admiral Mahan), a sequel to "Memories of
the Sea." These new "naval recollections" cover
the years 1878-1905, from the author's first
appointment to the command of a vessel down
to his retirement from sea-service and his engaging
in other activities for the good of the Empire.
Naturally he advocates a strong armament, and
with Lord Roberts he called for conscription long
before the present war broke out. Current mil-
itary and naval events are made to contribute to


542
[December 14
THE DIAL
the significance of the writer's backward glances,
and his old time memories of the German Kaiser
are placed in sharp contrast with present impres-
sions of that ruler. Thus the book has no lack
of piquancy amid its general readability. Sketches
from the author's pencil help to illustrate his chap-
ters, and portraits are added. (Longmans; $3.50.)
Humor and drollery of the first quality abound
in Mr. James F. Fuller's random reminiscences,
for which he coins a Latin word (easily intel-
ligible) as title. "Omniana" is explained in a
sub-title as "the Autobiography of an Irish
Octogenarian." Architecture, engineering, author-
ship, the stage, and one would hesitate to say
how many more vocations and avocations have
enlisted the abounding energies of this variously
gifted son of Erin. Interested in everything con-
ceivable, he has apparently led a cheerfully active
life and achieved at least average success, though
he humorously laments his lot in having one of
the unlucky names. John, Henry, William,
Edward, and Thomas are of good omen; James,
Charles, and Francis are not. He seeks in vain
for a conspicuously successful James. How about
the late railway magnate of Great Northern fame f
There are so many good and quotable things in
this entertaining book that the only safe course is
to resist the temptations to quote at all, lest one
should go too far. Numerous portraits are
inserted, for the writer knew many persons of
note, who help to make his book one that cannot
easily be laid aside unfinished. (Dutton; $3.)
Mr. C. Silvester Home's centennial biography
of David Livingstone appears in a new edition
among the season's books. Accounted a worthy
tribute to the great explorer whose achievements
were especially commemorated three years ago, the
little volume is still a handy and readable book,
skilfully epitomizing, from Livingstone's own
journals and letters, the main events of his active
and useful life. The dozen pictorial presentations
of significant scenes and situations in that life
are necessarily imaginative, in great part, but they
add to the book's attractiveness for young readers,
who will hardly find a better account of the man
and missionary than Mr. Home's. (Macmillan;
$1.25.)
Missionary life in the Far East is the subject
of Mrs. George Churchill's "Letters from My
Home in India," edited and arranged by the
writer's friend, Mrs. Grace McLeod Rogers. By a
strange omission, apparently designed rather than
inadvertent, the letter-writer's name fails to appear
on the title-page, that of the compiler occupying
the place of honor; but on the cover Mrs. Church-
ill comes into her own. The inference is, after
examining the book, that these familiar letters have
stood considerable ''editing," as would be the case
with most correspondence on its way to publica-
tion, and they would not suffer if still further
revised. But they tell an interesting story of
devoted service in a worthy cause through the best
part of a lifetime — from 1873 to the time of
publication, with the prospect of still further con-
tinuance in the same work. Portraits and views
are reproduced from photographs. (Doran;
$1.35.)
The "father of Imperial Penny Postage," Eng-
land's second Rowland Hill, is agreeably presented
by his daughter, Mrs. Adrian Porter, in "The Life
and Letters of Sir John Henniker Heaton, Bt."
The baronet certainly earned his title, for it is
claimed by his admirers that his postal reforms
contributed no little to the welding of the Empire
in unconscious preparation for the present severe
test of its solidity and strength. After a brief
chapter of formal biography Mrs. Porter shows
the many-sidedness of the man by describing him,
and allowing others to describe him, in various
capacities and situations. As he had a talent for
making friends, the book naturally abounds in
references to and tributes from many of his con-
temporaries, including persons of universal celeb-
rity and interest. It is well illustrated. (Lane;
$3.)
Singularly attractive to the apostles of new
faiths has been the little town of Harvard, Mass.,
rendered historic by Bronson Alcott and his brief
Fruitlands experiment, and before that by the
coming of the Shakers, and still earlier by the
advent of Shadrack Ireland, the New Light
preacher. Near by, also, the Millerites selected
a spot whence they expected an early translation
to a better world. It is of the Shakers, however,
that Miss Clara Endicott Sears has to tell us in
her second book about this remarkable town. Her
first, it will be recalled, revived fading memories
of the short-lived community established by Alcott.
Now she goes further back to Mother Ann Lee
and her followers, with whose fortunes Harvard is
inseparably associated. "Gleanings from Old
Shaker Journals" is evidently the outcome of years
of intimacy with the Harvard Shakers, and manu-
script sources that perhaps no other writer could
have had access to are made to yield an abundance
of curious matter in these chapters of mingled
biography and religious history. Many views and
portraits are inserted. (Houghton Mifflin; $1.25.)
Art and Architecture.
Never has there been a better time than now for
the publication in English of books about Russia.
England's Muscovite ally is an object of cordial
interest to all Englishmen and also to many
Americans. Accordingly Miss Rosa Newmarch
has done well to defer until now the issue of her
long meditated book on "The Russian Arts." For
nearly twenty years the work has been taking
shape in her mind, and though she had wished
to make it far more comprehensive than has been
found practicable, she has certainly brought
together, in what she now offers concerning Rus-
sian architecture, painting, and sculpture, much
that is new to most readers as well as important in
any survey of so considerable a field. The usual
illustrative accompaniment to such a work is not
wanting. (Dutton; $2.)
Blue china of Enghsh make but decorated with
American scenes, American portraits, and even
scraps of American literature, such as Franklin's
maxims, was common in our grandparents tune.
The reason that the Staffordshire potters thus
ignored the claims of their native scenery and
celebrities in their manufactures for the transat-


1916]
543
THE DIAL
lautic trade was, of course, purely commercial;
and though they doubtless received good prices
for their wares, they could have had no previ-
sion of the high value to be placed by a later
generation on those not always artistically pleasing
pieces of table equipment. Collectors of old china
will greatly enjoy "The Blue-China Book," by
Mrs. Ada Walker Camehl. It is a work of
research, diligence, and expert knowledge. No
small section of American history is decipherable
in these richly illustrated plates and platters and
cups and saucers, of which Mrs. Camehl tells
us so many interesting things. The delicate repro-
ductions, on full-page plates, are fairly bewilder-
ing in number. Most of them are, as was to be
expected, in blue. Others, even when described
as blue, are otherwise represented. Blacks and
pinks partially belie the book's title. A check-list
of Anglo-American pottery and a description of
the White House collection of "Presidential
China," with other supplementary matters, are
appended. (Dutton; $5.)
Adornment of the domicile may be made a fine
art, and as such it is discussed by Miss Grace
Wood and Miss Emily Burbank in their attractive
work on "The Art of Interior Decoration." Its
fundamental principles, they tell us in the preface,
are three, each expressed in a single word: har-
mony, simplicity, spaces. In the concluding chap-
ter, however, these principles are restated as four
in number: good lines, correct proportions, har-
monious color scheme, appropriateness. Besides
explicit directions for the furnishing of rooms,
there are chapters on the successive periods in
furniture styles, and some attention is paid to the
collecting of antiques. While a long purse is
needed if one is to make the best practical use of
the book, a person of moderate means will find
useful suggestions in its pages. The illustrations
from photographs are of great beauty. (Dodd,
Mead; $2.50.)
Horticulture is a theme not always handled
with both expert knowledge and more than a
modicum of literary skill. Mr. A. Clutton-Brock,
an English authority on gardening, contributed
lately to the London "Times" a series of short
letters on matters horticultural, and these were so
well received as to lead to their collection in book
form. "Studies in Gardening," as the volume is
entitled, will appeal to American garden-lovers in
its American edition, which enjoys the advantage
of being prefaced and annotated by Mrs. Francis
Bang, author of "The Weil-Considered Garden."
A useful introduction of some length is also sup-
plied by Mr. Clutton-Brock. For the cottager of
moderate means rather than the millionaire dweller
in a palace these brief and practical chapters on
ilowers and shrubs, beds and borders, annuals and
perennials, soils and climatic conditions, with
numerous other related topics, are evidently
intended. Mrs. King's footnotes help to adapt the
book to American use, and her preface is a fine
kindler of horticultural enthusiasm. (Scribner;
$2.)
Under the heading, "Garden Ornaments," Miss
Mary H. Northend writes understandingly and
with a simple charm of style concerning the varied
equipment of a well-ordered garden, from rude
stepping stones in grass walks to marble bird-
baths and graceful fountains. The matter is
divided into ten chapters, and is fully illustrated
with views from gardens belonging to the writer's
friends. Formality rather than the careless lux-
uriance and irregularity of nature characterize
most of these illustrative examples. Garden
walks, seats, pools, steps, entrances, fountains,
sundials, pergolas, arches, and tea nouses, with
necessary attention to the floral features of the
garden, have supplied topics for a treatise of
respectable proportions. The author is well versed
in matters pertaining to the house beautiful and
its surroundings, as is proved by her works on
domestic architecture, notably her "Remodeled
Farmhouses" of a year ago. (DufBeld; $2.50.)
Poetry.
Finely fitting in lightness, grace, airy fanciful-
ness, are Mr. William Griffith's verses on the
"Loves and Losses of Pierrot." Pierrot, Pier-
rette, Harlequin, Columbine, Yvonne, Scar-
amouche — with these names to inspire him, what
wonder that he has written a pleasing little book
of poems? Of the twenty-two in the book, that
in memory of Pierrette is perhaps the most beauti-
ful, as it certainly is the most touching. It ends
thus:
She went so softly and so soon—
Shi—hardly made a stir;
But going took the stars and moon
And sun away with her.
Mr. Rodney Thomson contributes a frontispiece
and decorative tailpieces. (Shores; $1.)
To the lover of the austere in art, of strict
observance of form, of an instinctive avoidance
of extremes, the luxurious volume offered by Mr.
James H. Worthington and Mr. Robert P. Baker,
under the unpunctuated title, "Sketches in Poetry
Prose Paint and Pencil," will not appeal. The
poetry ranges from free verse to verse less free,
but not strictly fettered by the rules of rhyme and
rhythm; and it is all, with the very rare use
of a dash, unpunctuated. The same breathless
incoherence marks the prose, which contents itself
with the comma and the period, and perhaps a
dash once in a dozen pages, as indications of
breaks in the continuity of the thought. Here
is a brief section — one cannot call it a sentence —
of the prose: "But to attain love is to reach with
finite hands and grasp the infinite it cannot be
possessed, yet he who accepts less of life, is guilty
of base prostitution, for love is a direction not a
goal, it is as the north and not the pole." (The
last two clauses seem to have strayed in from the
poetry division.) Perhaps this quotation, short
though it is, will indicate the general tenor of
Mr. Worthington's compositions. Mr. Baker's
pictorial contributions may be described in his
own words: they "are not intended as slavish
illustrations of any particular moment of time
or quotation but rather as allegorical renderings
of the artist's views of the general tendency of the
thoughts permeating the author's work." It is
a striking and unusual volume. (Lane; $15.)


544
[December 14
THE DIAL
Darwin has said that "progress in history means
the decline of phantasy and the advance of
thought,"— a truth illustrated by the gradual pass-
ing of the tavern sign and the substitution therefor
of a bald name or perhaps of a meaningless num-
ber. "Old Tavern Signs: An Excursion in the
History of Hospitality," by Mr. Fritz Endell, is
a notable book of a rather unusual kind. As to
its genesis, the author tells us, "first it was the
filigree quality and the beauty of the delicate
tracery of the wrought-iron signs of southern
Germany that attracted his attention." Then their
symbolism engaged his study, and he could not
stop until he had pushed his researches as far
back as possible and reported his findings in this
artistic volume, which he himself lavishly illus-
trates with drawings of much quaintness and
charm. English and Continental (especially
German) signs contribute chiefly to the making of
the book. A bibliography of forty titles is added,
and an index follows. The edition is limited to
550 copies. (Houghton Mifflin; $5.)
From an old chest of John Hay's have been
brought forth a score of unpublished poems suit-
able for publication, and a dozen or more uncol-
lected pieces are added. These thirty-three
examples of the statesman's mastery of a finer art
than diplomacy are now incorporated in a hand-
some volume, limited in its edition, containing
also the poems already familiar to the public. A
four-page introduction, explanatory and appre-
ciative, ia contributed by the poet's son, Mr.
Clarence L. Hay. So undesirous of publicity, or
even of a well-earned fame, was Mr. Hay that he
kept back or published anonymously many of his
finest pieces of verse. It is a satisfaction indeed
to have now "The Complete Poetical Works" of
the creator of Jim Bludso. A fine portrait of
Hay, in photogravure, adorns this tastefully made
volume. (Houghton Mifflin; $5.)
Miscellaneous.
A very riot of the imagination, riotously
expressed in picture and text, is offered in "The
Clan of Munes," by Mr. Frederick J. Waugh, N.A.
A clever little wizard from the North created this
numerous clan out of gnarled and twisted spruce
trees. In the words of the book, he "cunningly
joined together these fragments of spruce-trees
until he had made him several little wooden images.
Two of them he recognized at once as looking
very much like Adam and Eve, while the rest were
just munes. But it did not matter much which
was Adam and which was Eve"—nor does any-
thing very much matter in so arbitrarily whim-
sical, confusingly chaotic a construction as this
freak of the artist-author's imagination. But his
wizard from the North has as much right to create
a race of living beings out of spruce knots as
Cadmus had to make men of dragon's teeth, or
Deucalion and Pyrrha to turn stones into men and
women. The ample form of the book admits of
astonishing extravagances in illustration, some
rioting in color, others more subdued, but all
extraordinary, to say the least. (Scribner, $2.50.)
Nearly thirty-two years have passed since the
whimsical Whistler gathered an audience of the
London elect, at ten o'clock in the evening, to hear
his now famous lecture on art. "Ten O'Clock,"
accordingly, has ever since been the name attached
to this unique performance. First published in
1888, it has been four times reproduced in this
country, and now appears in a fifth American edi-
tion, sumptuous in form, with a foreword by
Mr. Don C. Seitz and an appendix containing
Swinburne's venomous article (Thackeray's "hur-
ticle" indeed) on the lecture, from the "Fort-
nightly"; the artist's rejoinder, under the caption,
"Et Tu Brute," from "The Gentle Art of Making
Enemies"; the letter, "Freeing a Last Friend,
from the same pen; and Swinburne's fine poem,
"Before the Mirror," a tribute to his friend's art
written long before the rupture. Explanatory
notes by the publisher are usefully added here and
there through the book, which is printed in a
limited edition on Van Gelder hand-made paper
and tastefully bound and boxed. (Mosher; $2.)
Few know better than Mr. Charles G. D. Roberts
how to present in descriptive narrative the romance
and also the pathos and the tragedy of animal
life from the animal's point of view. Ten of his
animal stories are collected in an alluring volume
under the title, "The Secret Trails." Black boars,
bull moose, patient oxen, dogs of war (in the
latest meaning of the term), and other interesting
representatives of dumb-animal life fill Mr.
Roberts's pages. A very effective chapter reveals
the too little known tragedy of the aigrette. Pic-
tures of stirring events in the lives of the char-
acters of the book accompany the narrative.
(Macmillan; $1.35.)
"Papers on Playmaking," in five thin volumes,
compose the third series of "Publications of the
Dramatic Museum of Columbia University." The
papers are reprints, with introductions and notes.
First comes Mr. Rudyard Kipling's letter to the
London "Spectator," July 2, 1898, on the genesis
of "The Tempest/' Mr. Ashley H. Thorndike
writes a preface and notes. Next is a collection of
letters from Augier, the younger Dumas, Sardou,
Zola, and other French dramatists, on "How to
Write a Play," with an introduction by Mr.
William Gillette and notes by Professor Brander
Matthews. The third volume contains "A Stage
Play," by W. S. Gilbert, prefaced by Mr. William
Archer, and annotated by Professor Matthews.
In volume four we have Francisque Sarcey's
treatise, "A Theory of the Theater," introduced
and annotated by Professor Matthews. Finally,
an extra volume gives "A Catalog of Models and
of Stage-Sets in the Dramatic Museum of Col-
umbia University." Every autumn, beginning with
1914, has seen the issue of a series of four papers
on some theme connected with the stage, and the
issue is to continue, being designed especially for
the benefit of interested persons unable to visit
the Dramatic Museum. (Printed for the
Museum; subscription price, $5.)
A pleasing oddity in book-manufacture comes
from the Abingdon Press with a brief but impres-
sive Christmas lesson. "Gifts from the Desert,"
by Mr. Fred B. Fisher, conveys the message of
Ram-Sahai, Hindu sage and preacher, as taken
from the speaker's lips and translated by Mr.


1916]
545
THE DIAL
Fisher. It is a short sermon on the text, "They
presented unto him gifts; gold, and frankincense,
and myrrh." The significance of these offerings
is strikingly explained by this real or imaginary
wise man of the East. A preface (or "introit,
of obvious Latin derivation) appropriately calls
attention to the abundance of oriental imagery
and symbolism in the Bible. Illustrations and
decorations are supplied by Mr. Harold Speak-
man. (Abingdon Press; 50 cts.)
A book for mothers to write and then to read
over and over again with never-failing delight is
offered in the form of a daintily illustrated album,
with "Baby's Journal" printed on cover and
title-page. Blank and partly blank pages are
provided in sufficient number to hold the records
of Baby's first two years of memorable sayings
and doings. Page-headings suggest the proper
order and arrangement of these entries, and space
is provided for the statistics of the infant's initial
condition and subsequent development. The
colored decorative drawings by Miss Blanche
Fisher Wright are all that Baby and his biog-
rapher could desire. (Scribner; $2.)
The average man, says the statistician, stands
sixteen chances of being killed by lightning to
one of becoming a millionaire. Hence the wis-
dom of early forming a conception of happiness
that has nothing to do with wealth. As a help
to such rational envisagement of the future one
might do worse than to read "The Way to Easy
Street," by Mr. Humphrey J. Desmond, who tells
us that this desirable thoroughfare "is a happy
condition, but is arrived at, not by a state of
finances, but rather by a state of mind. It is
a subjective condition of wisdom, and the eager
pursuit of wealth does not lead that way."
Incident and anecdote help agreeably to point
Mr. Desmond's moral. Citing from Dr. George
M. Gould's works on eye-strain, he erroneously
makes this Philadelphia specialist an Englishman.
The book is flexibly and neatly bound, and is
boxed. (McClurg; 50 cts.)
Not the light-hearted joy of Christmas, not its
jollity and merriment as known to youth, but the
tender melancholy, the sweetly sad remembrances,
the nameless regrets that the season brings to
those of maturer years, form the subject of Mr.
Lawrence Oilman's miniature volume entitled "A
Christmas Meditation." As explained in a pref-
atory note, the little book is a reprint of an edi-
torial written for "Harper's Weekly" six years
ago. Its reissue in its present shape is welcome.
(Dutton; 25 cts.)
Would you achieve success f Then ponder the
Rev. Dr. Madison C. Peters's "Seven Secrets of
Success," which are briefly stated thus: "Do your
best. Be determined to succeed. Your oppor-
tunity your chance. Have an all-controlling pur-
pose. Work to win. Don't stand still. Cultivate
a pleasing personality." To the discussion of
these seven principles are added "other talks on
making good." Illustrative instances are not
lacking in the author's brief elaboration of his
successive themes. The short paragraph of a few
lines or of even less than a line is freely used as
a typographical aid to emphasis. (McBride;
75 cts.)
Conduct, possessing as it does even more impor-
tance than Matthew Arnold assigned to it, is a
theme of perennial interest. President Henry
Churchill King gives some useful hints concerning
right conduct in his little book, "It's All in the
Day's Work," which is written from "a point of
view that aims not to make too much of any
single incident in the day's work; that takes
what comes, to face it thoughtfully and energet-
ically, and turns with undiminished energy to the
next thing." Good bracing counsel, such as the
young men and women at Oberlin or anywhere else
may profit by, abounds in Dr. King's pages. It
is a book for all who wish to acquit themselves
well in the battle of life. (Macmillan; 50 cts.)
Finding the Best in the Juvenile
Book Harvest.
The obligations imposed on the book
reviewer at this season of the year are mani-
fold. He must, in a way, satisfy the interests
of many people. But we narrow our duties
down to two insistent channels, whenever we
are confronted by a hundred or more gaily
caparisoned volumes clamoring to be read.
We know that in a cursory article such as
this is destined to be, we must, within the
limited limits of space, give a fair representa-
tion of the juvenile literary crop for Christ-
mas, and pay due regard to "standards."
Without "standards" in the choice of books
for girls and boys, you might just as well
order your story over the telephone, giving,
as a gauge to the clerk, the height of your
child and the color of his hair.
After reaching a fairly numbed state, with
"juvenile readers cramp," so to speak, we
always pause amidst the deluge, and pick out
those persistent products of the Juvenile Book
Harvest that still make us conscious of their
existence. Do not, however, infer from this
that "we are" the tired book reviewer. We
look forward to our obligations of each season
with zest; literary fads in the child realm
are curious phenomena, with curious reasons,
educational — wise and otherwise — for their
being. Because we have determined certain
"standards" of reading for children, we are
against the myriad editions of re-told legends
and fairy teles; we anathematize the "series"
as a useless dead-weight of reproduction. But
we do not overlook any book because of these
prejudices.
Fortunately, each year brings to light a few
books of the exceptional order — the kind we
should add to our "standard" list. Mind you,
we can narrow down a "standard" list until
it becomes a "classic" one. But the lists.


546
[December 14-
THE DIAL
which libraries and schools are compiling
grow in length and importance from season
to season. Classics are a luxury, determined
by accumulating years of acceptance. But
we are always at liberty to say that "stan-
dard" lists need revision.
Take the conventional attitude of educators
toward the subject of the Bible as reading for
children. Year in and year out we have been
given diluted, one-syllabled per-versions of
the Old and New Testaments. There have
been offered us biblical narratives, in lan-
guage far more difficult to understand then
the King James version,— all exemplifying
by their presence and acceptance that some-
where in the "whole" Bible was a stumbling-
block over which the child world could not
be made to creep.
A step in the right direction was taken
when Mrs. Joseph Gilder, with the coopera-
tion of Bishop Potter, issued the "Bible for
Young Folks" (Century; $1.50), consisting
of suitable passages selected from the Holy
Writ. Then Mrs. Houghton wrote her admir-
able treatise, "Telling Bible Stories" (Scrib-
ner; $1.25). This year, the "standard" shifts
with the issuance of a truly remarkable col-
lection of "Bible Stories from the Old Testa-
ment" (Houghton Mifflin; $2.), in which
Frances Jenkins Olcott attests her skill and
judgment by culling texts from the Bible,
with collateral reading suggested on almost
every page. The introduction and appendixes
are excellent guides, and altogether I con-
sider this volume to be one of the most
thoughtful contributions to the juvenile
appreciation of the larger Book we have had
in a long while. It is illustrated by Willy
Pogany.
Compared with Nora Archibald Smith's
"Old, Old Tales from the Old, Old Book"
■(Doubleday, Page; $1.50), Miss Olcott's book
is an example of the new method. Yet Miss
Smith, in her re-telling of the Bible, has done
her work feelingly and with proper spirit.
My contention is that, as early as possible,
children should be cultivated in the realiza-
tion of style; this realization should go hand
in hand with the natural desire for the story.
In the Bible, the two are inseparable. That
is why I prefer Miss Olcott's direct method.
The prospective book-buyer is oftentimes
ignorant of the fact that lists of children's
books are procurable every year at the
libraries. One can ask to see Corinne Bacon's
"Children's Catalog of One Thousand Books"
(Wilson; $2.) and therein find grouped most
of the "standard" books of years gone by.
Under Poetry, for instance, there are listed
treasuries of verse, gathered by such excellent
hands as W. E. Henley, E. V. Lucas, and
Kate Douglas Wiggin. Examine these, and
when the bookseller shows you Kenneth
Grahame's "The Cambridge Book of Poetry
for Children" (Putnam; $1.50), you will be
able better to judge his excellent inclusions
and strange omissions. But anthologists of
any feeling whatsoever are usually on the
safe side, though in their choice some may
have reasons while others merely have rhyme.
I think there are fuller collections than this
one, yet I recommend it because I think that,
in following the taste of the author of "The
Golden Age," one cannot go far wrong.
Nor can editors of fairy tale collections
stray too greatly from rich fields. I remem-
ber one year a sumptuous volume, "Favorite
Fairy Tales" (Harper), brought together as
showing that Dr. Hadley of Yale had loved
"Jack the Giant Killer" when he was a boy,
that Henry James had loved "Hop o' My
Thumb," and so on, down a long list of rep-
resentative men and women. A similar
arbitrary grouping has been used this year
in "The Allies' Fairy Book" (Lippincott;
$1.75), only it is based on a strong thread of
historical interest. Since Andrew Lang pre-
pared his very worthy edition of Perrault's
"Fairy Tales," I have met nowhere with a
more graphic explanation of the meaning of
fairy lore than that offered by Mr. Edmund
Gosse, who stands sponsor for this excellent
volume. And in the way of embellishment,
Arthur Rackham has never been more del-
icate or more imaginative.
Every year we have to revise our concep-
tion of what are the best editions of "stand-
ard" books to buy for young people. Of
course, the best are oftenest the most expen-
sive, but I believe they are also the cheapest
in the end. There is not a boy within whose
reach there is not some cheap form of
"Treasure Island" or "Kidnapped"; but I
would rather have every boy read his Steven-
son in the sumptuous volumes being issued
by the Scribners, with spirited pictures in
color illustrating the wonderful fitness of
N. C. Wyeth, the artist, to catch the youthful
romance in which these stories abound. For
the present season, "The Black Arrow"
($2.25), thus decorated, gives us special joy.
Wyeth's plates are simpler, more dramatic
than the detailed pen drawings of Louis
Rhead. But the latter has given us, for many
Yuletides past, varied classics, like "Robinson
Crusoe" and "Tom Brown's School Days,"
with illustrations copiously sprinkled through
delightful typographv (Harper; per vol.,
$1.50). His edition of "The Arabian Nights"
($1.50) has just been published. In passing,


1916]
547
THE DIAL
let us recall the colorful canvases painted by
Maxfield Parrish for Kate Douglas Wiggin's
selections of these never-dying Oriental fic-
tions (Scribner; $2.25).
The Orient is uppermost in a story written
by Judith Gautier and called, in the recent
translation made for young readers, "The
Memoirs of a White Elephant" (Duffield;
$1.50). We recommend it, in spite of the
unnecessary "foreword to the American edi-
tion," as being almost as spirited as Kipling's
Mowgli. Iravata's adventures are fanciful
and breathless. The author tells her story
with grace; it is not always that a pseudo-
fairy tale can remain so unaffected.
We have been concerned these many years
over the poor quality of biography for young
folks. Not many authors have fathomed the
manner of narrating a life so as to make it
a true story of sustained interest. Belle
Moses has gone a great way toward pointing
the best path to follow,— in her biographies
of Miss Alcott and Lewis Carroll. Simplicity
and directness of style mark these volumes,
as well as her "Paul Revere" (Appleton;
$1.35), just published. Last season Jacque-
line Overton offered another solution to the
problem of biography writing, when she pre-
pared her story of Robert Louis Stevenson
(Scribner; $1.) with a deftness which held
older readers as well as the young for whom
it was so well suited. This year Albert
Bigelow Paine advances the "standard" many
points. He has brought to his "Boys' Life of
Mark Twain" (Harper; $1.25) all the enthu-
siasm characterizing his larger work. We are
surprised to find the material so skilfully
compressed. This volume should be warmly
welcomed everywhere. We are also partic-
ularly pleased with a collection of short "life
stories"— the boyhood of such famous men as
Titian, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Andrea del
Sarto, and others, written by Katherine Dun-
lap Cather (Century; $1.25). If there must
be a supplementary-reading type of book for
the schools, this will fill a need.
The foregoing list of books I consider to be
among those of "unusual" character. No one
can go far wrong in selecting them. But there
are a host of others that, while not marked
by keen originality, are nevertheless worth
while. Every year brings forth stories as
bright and hopeful as Elia W. Peattie's
"Sarah Brewster's Relatives" (Houghton
Mifflin; $1.), emphasizing the moral trans-
formation which can befall a girl who tends
to be over-pampered and falsely proud. We
have had an infinite number of historical
stories exploiting United States history,
similar in character and in incident to Byron
A. Dunn's "The Boy Scouts of the Shenan-
doah" (McClurg; $1.10), and we have become
quite used to those heroes who out-general
the best Generals the Civil War ever pro-
duced. In the present volume, Stonewall
Jackson's campaign is accurately set forth.
So consistently well-mannered and sweet-tem-
pered is Marion Ames Taggart that we will
take such stories of hers as "Beth of Old
Chilton" (Wilde; $1.25) on the supposition
that therein will be kept up some of the tradi-
tions of Louisa May Alcott. Such boy scout
adventures as Walter P. Eaton has been writ-
ing for some years are innocuous and supply
a want which has grown with the popularity
of the "series." It must be said to the credit
of Mr. Eaton, however, that his latest volume
—"Peanut—Cub Reporter" (Wilde; $1.)—
has more evidence of spontaneity about it
than any of the other tales that have strung
together a long list of happenings "on the
hike."
Among the fiction, we believe we have dis-
covered nevertheless several well-written nar-
ratives. We do not hesitate to recommend
Cornelia Meigs's "Master Simon's Garden"
(Macmillan; $1.25), which gives a panoramic
display of American conditions from the days
of colonial Puritanism to the very moment of
the Revolution. The tale is cleverly con-
structed and follows the welfare of several
generations. Nor does "Polly Trotter,
Patriot" (Macmillan; $1.25) fall very far
behind in cumulative interest and mainte-
nance of atmosphere. Rarely has the spirit of
Independence been so well suggested as in this
latest volume, from the joint pens of Emilie
B. Knipe and Alden A. Knipe. And of a
further-off period of history, an excellent idea
may be gleaned from Clarence M. Case's
"The Banner of the White Horse" (Scribner;
$1.), a tale of Saxon conquest.
We have small space to enumerate all the
stories which now flood the market. We can
only emphasize the warning that the majority
of them are indifferent, and that it is better
to go to the "standard" list for recommenda-
tions. One is safe in buying reprints, such
as "Robinson Crusoe" and the "Pinocchio,"
which are the latest volumes included in the
Lippincott's estimable "Stories All Children
Love" series. (Per vol., $1.25.)
Fairy tales, other than the "Allies' Book,"
are plentiful, and there are many editions to
select from. We like the purpose of Penrhyn
Coussens's "Tales of Heroism and Daring"
(Duffield; $1.50) better than the execution.
The selections are haphazardly arranged and
very sketchy in wording. It is a book of
suggestion for the story-hour rather than a


548
[December 14
THE DIAL
distinctive story-book. Katharine Pyle's
"Wonder Tales Retold" (Little, Brown;
$1.35) are enriched with effectively tinted
color plates. A reprint of Henry R. School-
craft's "Indian Fairy Book" (Stokes; $1.50)
will enrich the Indian shelf of any library.
The fairy tale as a source for dramatization
is this year very evident in the issuance of
school plays with explicit directions as to
mounting and costuming. Such variety as
that offered in the "St. Nicholas Book of Plays
and Operettas" (Century; second series, $1.)
and Laura E. Richards's "Fairy Operettas"
(Little, Brown; $1.) will find instant recogni-
tion from the teacher. The dramatic piece as
an accessory in the school-room has still to be
measured carefully, the market being flooded
with weak materials of little literary merit.
The fact of the matter is, a good teacher
should do her own dramatizing. In looking
over the artistic volumes of "Old English
Nursery Tales" (Daughaday; per vol., $1.),
retold by Georgene Faulkner, and brightly
illustrated by Milo Winter, we were impressed
by the fact that here at hand are simple
sources for converting material into dialogue
form. But we must guard ourselves against
those plays which have no other merit than
that they were once tried out in the class-
room. Act plays all you wish, but do n 't rush
too generally into print with them!
The "Story Lady Series," under the kindly
guidance of Miss Faulkner, suggests that
maybe there are other books of similar char-
acter suitable for the smallest folk in the
nursery. We- are glad to find Sara Cone
Bryant, in her "Stories to Tell to the Littlest
Ones" (Houghton Mifflin; $1.50), continuing
the sensible work she has already done in the
way of giving advice to story-tellers. Jingles
and prose variously mixed are here offered
in accord with all the psychological turns of
style she has discovered to be pleasing to
juvenile attention. The pictures by Willy
Pogany are fanciful and familiar.
On the whole, however, the picture book
is rather conspicuous by its reticent appear-
ance or flagrant absence. Probably that is
due to war and expense of manufacture.
Many volumes before us are a strange assort-
ment of different grades of paper. E. Boyd
Smith's "In the Land of Make Believe"
(Holt; $1.50) is a gay circus book, and out
of the varied supply of Christmas Feasting
on my desk is the brightest oblong book we
have for the "small fry."
Many parents do not even know how to
approach their youngsters in the spirit of fun
which should prevail in the nursery. So that,
after a fashion, though Gene Stratton-
Porter's "Morning Face" (Doubleday, Page;
$1.50) is hardly literary in form, it will sug-
gest many playful things for the parent to
practise on children as delightfully cheerful
as the little girl whose portrait forms the
wrapper design of this heterogeneous array
of verses and stories. The youthful "pencil-
and-paper fiend" will discover an outlet for
his artistic inclinations in Clifford L. Sher-
man's "The Great Dot Mystery" (Houghton
Mifflin; $1.).
The handy boy, the daring boy, and the
young naturalist we always group together.
They are of the same stock, and their tastes
are always reckoned with in the holiday har-
vest. Mucilage, pasteboard, odd boxes, covers,
strings, and so forth are the chief characters
in such practical treatises as Edna Foster's
"Something to Do, Boys" (Wilde; $1.25),
Milton Goldsmith's "Practical Things with
Simple Tools" (Sully & Kleinteich; $1.), and
C. C. Bowsfield's "How Boys and Girls Can
Earn Money" (Forbes; $1.). How simple
the directions seem, with the diagrams and
the sleight-of-hand foldings. The motto for
such books should be "The Boy Useful in the
House Beautiful!"
In these camp fire days and boy scout
moments, we can recommend Gilbert H.
Trafton's "Bird Friends" (Houghton Mifflin;
$2.), because of the encyclopedic knowledge
it can throw on the special subject which
other authorities, like Neltje Blanchan and
Olive Thorne Miller, cannot touch. Novelty
in the animal world is always attractive to
the young reader, and we can imagine many
a youngster relishing W. S. Berridge's "The
Wonders of Animal Life" (Stokes; $2.), with
such unique chapters as those about birds
that can't fly and fish that can't swim.
What says the adventurous reader to such
titles as Lieutenant Chatterton's "Daring
Deeds of Famous Pirates" (Lippincott;
$1.25) and Ernest Young's "Daring Deeds of
Trappers and Hunters" (Lippincott; $1.25)?
Are they not descriptive enough? Even
though there may be similar volumes of
sounder character, nevertheless are they safe
and sound in spirit. Philip A. Bruce's
"Brave Deeds of Confederate Soldiers"
(Jacobs; $1.50) likewise contains some thrill-
ing historical studies. The market is full of
such books, and you only have to know the
reader's taste to fill the bill.
The adventurous story is also plentiful.
There is the semi-fictional book, like William
A. Johnston's "Deeds of Doing and Daring"
(Wilde; $1.25), of scope similar to Cleveland
Moffatt's "standard" book on the same sub-
ject. There is Dr. Francis Rolt-Wheeler's


1916]
549
THE DIAL
"The Boy with the United States Mail"
(Lothrop, Lee; $1.50), in which all the excit-
ing history of the Post Office Department is
unfolded in fictional form.
And where is the Christmas spirit in all
this, you ask? One small volume creeps out
from the deluge before us with the Yuletide
cheer; and that is Ruth Sawyer's "This Way
to Christmas" (Harper; $1.)—a good little
tale of lonely expectancy and rich fulfilment.
Here space calls a halt, and we end with a
plea. Do not shop for children hastily. Do
not rely on the salesman who has a pile of
the "latest" to sell. Look for yourself; and
prepare yourself to judge of the output by
some "standard." You can form for your-
selves that "standard" with very little trouble
—with much less trouble than trying after-
ward to undo a vitiated taste in the child,
or counteract a lurid imagination. The child's
mental food is not all unadulterated. It is
a moral duty on the part of the grown per-
son to realize this and refuse to buy "cheap
goods," whose presence tends each year to
lower more and more the "standard" book.
Montrose J. Moses.
HOLIDAY JUVENILE LIST.
The following list contains the titles of all the more important juvenile books published
this season. The list is classified as to subject matter and the titles
arranged in the general order of their importance.
TALES OF TRAVEL AND ADVENTIRE.
Daring Deeds of Hunters and Trappers. True
Stories of the Bravery and Resource of Trappers
and Hunters in All Parts of the World. By
Ernest Young. Illustrated In color, 8vo. 248
pages. J. B. Llppincott Co. $1.26.
The Hniij- Story Book. Tales of Courage and
Heroism. Retold by Penrhyn W. Coussens.
With frontispiece in color. 12mo, 341 pages.
Duffleld & Co. $1.50.
The Boy's Book of Pirates. By Henry Gilbert.
Illustrated, 8vo, 319 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell
Co. $1.50.
Daring Deeds of Famous Pirates. True Stories of
Stirring Adventures of Pirates, Filibusters, and
Buccaneers. By Lieutenant E. Keble Chatterton.
Illustrated in color, 247 pages. J. B. Llppincott
Co. $1.60.
The Quest of the Golden Valley. The Yukon is
the Scene of Action. By Balmore Browne;
illustrated by the author. 12mo, 279 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.26.
Jungle Chums. A Boy's Adventures in British
Guiana. By A. Hyatt Verrill. Illustrated, 8vo,
236 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.35.
Billy Topsail, M.D. Experiences with Doctor Luke
of the Labrador. By Norman Duncan. Illus-
trated. 12mo, 317 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1.26.
The Strange Gray Canoe. By Paul G. Tomlinson.
Illustrated, 12mo, 278 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25.
Bobby of the Labrador. By Dillon Wallace. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 325 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co.
$1.25.
On Parole. By Anna P. and Frances P. Slviter.
Illustrated, 12mo, 320 pages. Henry Holt &
Co. $1.25.
The Monster-Hunters. By Francis Rolt-Wheeler.
Illustrated. 12mo, 34 8 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.25.
The Golden City. By A. Hyatt Verrill. 12mo. 272
pages. Duffleld & Co. $1.25.
The Story of an Indian Mutiny. By Henry Gilbert.
Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 350 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
Three in a Camp. By Mary P. Wells Smith. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 276 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.20.
The Trail of the Pearl. By Garrard Harris. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 349 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1-
Lumberjack Bob. A Story of a Lumber Camp in the
Alleghanies. By Lewis E. Theiss. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 320 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.
The Rambler Club In Panama. By W. Crispin
Sheppard. Illustrated, 12mo, 318 pages. Penn
Publishing Co. 50 cts.
TALES OF THE GREAT WAR.
Tales of the Great War. By Henry Newbolt; illus-
trated in color, etc., by Norman Wilkinson and
Christopher Clark. 8vo, 294 pages. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $1.76.
Heroes of the Great 'War; or. Winning the Victoria
Cross. By G. A. Leask. Illustrated, 12mo, 301
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
In Khaki for the King. A Tale of the Great War.
By Escott Lynn. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 375
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
Stirring Deeds of Britain's Sea-Dogs. Naval Hero-
ism in the Great War. By Harold F. B. Wheeler.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 348 pages.
Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.50.
STORIES OF PAST TIMES.
Tom Anderson, Dare-Devil. A Young Virginian in
the Revolution. By Edward M. Lloyd. Illus-
trated In color, 8vo, 415 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.60.
With Sam Houston In Texas. By Edwin L. Sabin.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 320 pages. J. B.
Llppincott Co. $1.25.
True Stories of Great Americans. New vols.:
Lafayette, by Martha F. Crow; John Paul Jones,
by L. Frank Tooker; La Salle, by Louise S.
Hasbrouck; George Washington, by William H.
Rideing. Each illustrated. 12mo. Macmillan
Co. Per vol., 50 cts.
The Boy's Book of Famous Warships. Accounts of
famous fighting ships, their historic engage-
ments, and renowned commanders. By William
O. Stevens. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 236
pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.60.
Ian Hardy Fighting the Moors. By Commander
E. Hamilton Currey. Illustrated in color, 8vo,
320 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Polly Trotter, Patriot. By Emilie B. and Alden
A. Knipe. Illustrated, 12mo, 303 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25.
Once Upon a Time in Indiana. Edited by Charity
Dye; illustrated by Franklin Booth. 12mo, 150
pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.
The Banner of the White Horse. A Story of the
Saxon Conquest. By Clarence M. Case. Illus-
trated in color, 12mo, 310 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.
The Sapphire Signet. By Augusta H. Seaman.
Illustrated, 12mo, 290 pages. Century Co. $1.25.
A Little Maid of Bunker Hill. By Alice Turner
Curtis. Illustrated, 12mo, 239 pages. Penn
Publishing Co. 90 cts.
The Pathfinders of the Revolution. Tells of the
Great March into the Wilderness and Lake
Region of New York in 1779. By William E.
Griffls. Illustrated. 12mo, 316 pages. W. A.
Wilde Co. 50 cts.
The Thorn Fortress. A Tale of the Thirty Years'
War. By M. Bramston. 12mo, 131 pages.
Abingdon Press. 50 cts.
Bonny Lesley of the Border. By Amy E. Blanchard.
Illustrated, 12mo, 331 pages. W. A. Wilde Co.
50 cts.


550
[December 14
THE DIAL
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
The Story of the United States. By Marie Louise
Herdman. Illustrated in color, large 8vo, 496
pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2.50.
A Nursery History of the United States. By Lucy
Lombardi Barber; illustrated in color, etc., by
Edith Duggan. 4to, 199 pages. Frederick A.
Stokes Co. $2.
Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by
Frank Woodworth Pine; illustrated in color by
E. Boyd Smith. 12mo, 346 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $2.
The Life of Nelson. By Robert Southey; with
Introduction by Henry Newbolt. Illustrated in
color, 8vo, 371 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.
The Boys' Life of Mark Twain. The Story of a
Man Who Made the World Laugh and Love
Him. By Albert Bigelow Paine. Illustrated,
12mo, 354 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
The Boys' Life of Lord Kitchener. By Harold F.
B. Wheeler. Illustrated, 8vo, 288 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50.
Boyhood Stories of Famous Men. By Katharine
Dunlap Cather. Illustrated, 12mo, 278 pages.
Century Co. $1.25.
The Princess Pocahontas. By Virginia Watson;
illustrated and decorated in color, etc., by
George Wharton Edwards. Large 8vo, 306 pages.
Penn Publishing Co. $2.50.
Pilgrims of To-day. Biographical Sketches of
Famous Men and Women. By Mary H. Wade.
Illustrated, 12mo, 253 pages. Little, Brown &
Co. $1.
Young People's Story of Massachusetts. By
Herschel Williams. Illustrated, 12mo, 287 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
Elizabeth Fry. The Angel of the Prisons. By
Laura E. Richards. Illustrated, 12mo, 206 pages.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.25.
BOYS' STORIES OF MANY SORTS.
The Boy with the U. S. Mall. By Francis Rolt-
Wheeler. Illustrated, 12mo, 349 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50.
Nobody's Boy (Sans Famine). By Hector Malot;
translated by Florence Crewe-Jones. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 372 pages. New York: Cupples
& Leon Co. $1.25.
Mark Tldd's Citadel. By Clarence B. Kelland.
Illustrated, 12mo, 280 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.
Our Davie Pepper. By Margaret Sidney. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 492 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.50.
Dave Porter and His Double; or, The Disappear-
ance of the Basswood Fortune. By Edward
Stratemeyer. Illustrated, 12mo, 295 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25.
Bruce Wright. By Irving Williams. Illustrated
in tint, 12mo, 327 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.25.
The Fullbnck. By Lawrence Perry. Illustrated,
12mo, 302 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Left Guard Gilbert. By Ralph Henry Barbour.
Illustrated, 12mo, 310 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.25.
Drake of Troop One. By Isabel Hornibrook. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 321 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25.
Archer and the "Prophet." By Edna A. Brown.
Illustrated, 12mo, 388 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.20.
Billy Burns of Troop 5. By I. T. Thurston. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 220 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
$1.
The Unofficial Prefect. By Albertus T. Dudley.
Illustrated, 12mo, 254 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.25.
Rod of the Lone Patrol. By H. A. Cody. 12mo,
348 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
Bob Hazard, Dam Builder. By Carl Brandt. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 272 pages. Reilly & Britton Co.
$1.
Deeds of Doing and Daring. Stories Based on
Careers of Some Industrial Heroes. By William
A. Johnston. Illustrated, 12mo, 300 pages. W.
A. Wilde Co. $1.
Tom Wlckham, Corn Grower. By Carl Brandt.
Illustrated, 12mo, 288 pages. Reilly & Britton
Co. $1.
Sonny Jim. By Elaine Sterne. Illustrated, 12mo,
314 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.
Miss Ann and Jimmy. By Alice Turner Curtis.
Illustrated, 12mo, 234 pages. Penn Publishing-
Co. 90 cts.
Ted of McCorkle's Alley. By Isabella Horton.
12mo, 88 pages. Abingdon Press. 60 cts.
GIRLS' STORIES OF MANY SORTS.
Sarah Brewster's Relatives. By Elia W. Peattie.
Illustrated, 12mo, 199 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.
Phyllis McPhllemy. A School Story. By Mary-
Baldwin. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 314 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
The Twins "Pro" and "Con." By Winifred Arnold.
Illustrated, 8vo, 269 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1.25.
How Janice Day Won. By Helen Beecher Long.
12mo, 310 pages. Sully & Kleinteich. $1.25.
The Independence of Nan. By Nina Rhoades.
Illustrated, 12mo. 373 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.20.
Little Mother. By Ruth Brown MacArthur. Illus-
trated In color, etc., 8vo, 338 pages. Penn Pub-
lishing Co. $1.50.
Jane Stuart, Comrade. By Grace M. Remlck.
Illustrated, 12mo, 375 pages. Penn Publishing
Co. $1.25.
Isabel Carleton's Year. By Margaret Ashmun. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 291 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
Liberty Hall. By Florence H. Winterbum. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 300 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25.
Beth of Old Chilton. By Marlon Ames Taggart.
Illustrated, 12mo, 348 pages. W. A. Wilde Co.
$1.25.
June. By Edith Barnard Delano. Illustrated,
12mo, 235 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
The Key to Betsy's Heart. By Sarah Noble Ives.
Illustrated, 12mo, 225 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
Luclle Triumphant. By Elizabeth M. Duffleld.
12mo, 306 pages. Sully & Kleinteich. $1.
Anne, Princess of Everything. By Blanche Eliza-
beth Wade. Illustrated, 12mo, 207 pages. Sully
& Kleinteich. $1.
Dorothy Dainty's New Friends. By Amy Brooks;
illustrated by the author. 12mo, 233 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.
Blithe McBrlde. By Beulah Marie Dix. With
frontispiece in tint, 12mo, 268 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25.
About Harriet. By Clara Whitehill Hunt; illus-
trated in color by Maginel W. Enright. 8vo, 150
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
A College Girl. By Mrs. George De Home Vaizey.
12mo, 416 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The Three Gays at Merryton. By Ethel C. Brown.
Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pages. Penn Publishing
Co. 90 cts.
Letty's Springtime. By Helen Sherman Griffith.
Illustrated, 12mo, 317 pages. Penn Publishing
Co. 50 cts.
BOY SCOUTS AND CAMP FIRE GIRLS.
The Boy Scouts' Year Book. Edited by Walter P.
McGuire and Franklin K. Mathiews. 4to, illus-
trated, 259 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Blackbeard's Island. Adventures of Three Boy
Scouts in the Sea Islands. By Rupert S. Hol-
land. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 320 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
Peanut—Cub Reporter. A Boy Scout's Life and
Adventures on a Newspaper. By Walter
Prichard Eaton. With frontispiece, 12mo, 300
pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.
The Boy Scouts of the Shenandoah. By Byron A.
Dunn. Illustrated, 12mo, 200 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.10.
The Boy Scout Crusoes. A Tale of the South Seas.
By Edwin C. Burritt. Illustrated, 12mo, 280
pages. P'leming H. Revell Co. $1.25.
Fagots mid Flames. A Narrative of Winter Camp
Fires. By Amy E. Blanchard. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 305 pages. W. A. Wilde Co. $1.
The Woodcraft Manual for Glrlst The Fifteenth
Birch Bark Roll. By Ernest Thompson Seton.
Illustrated. 12mo, 424 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. Paper, 40 cts.


1916]
551
THE DIAL
Peter Pan. Retold from Sir James M. Barrie's
play; edited and arranged by Frederick O.
Perkins. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo, 73 pages.
Silver, Burdett & Co. 50 cts.
Classics for Children. New editions, new vols.:
Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare, 45 cts.; The
Arabian Nights' Entertainments, edited by
Martha A. L. Lane, 50 cts.; Hans Andersen's
Fairy Tales, first and second series, edited by
J. H. Stickney, each 45 cts.; The Water-Babies,
by Charles Kingsley, edited by J. H. Stickney;
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, edited, with Introduc-
tion and Notes, by W. P. Trent; The King of
the Golden River, by John Ruskin; ^Esop's
Fables, edited by J. H. Stickney, 40 cts.;
Gulliver's Travels, edited by Edward K. Robin-
son, 40 cts.; Gods and Heroes, by Robert E.
Francillon, 48 cts.; Irving's The Alhambra,
edited by Edward K. Robinson. Each illus-
trated, 12mo. Ginn & Co.
The Rose Child. A Tale of Childhood in Switzer-
land. By Johanna Spyri; translated by Helen
B. Dole. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 62 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 50 cts.
Monl, the Goat-Boy. By Johanna Spyri; trans-
lated by Elisabeth P. Stork. Illustrated In
color, by Maria L. Kirk; 12mo, 72 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. 50 cts.
CHILDREN OF OTHER LANDS AND RACES.
The Memoirs of a "White Elephant. The Elephant
is the Companion of a Princess of Siam. By
Judith Gautier; translated from the French by
S. A. B. Harvey. Illustrated, 8vo, 233 pages.
Duffleld & Co. $1.50.
Treasure Flower. A Child of Japan. By Ruth
Gaines. Illustrated, 12mo, 205 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1.25.
Apauk, Caller of Buffalo. By James Willard Schultz.
Illustrated, 12mo, 227 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.25.
The Cave Twins. They Lived in England in the
Stone Age. By Lucy Fitch Perkins; illus-
trated by the author. 8vo, 163 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.
Chandra in India. By Etta Blaisdell McDonald.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 111 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. 50 cts.
IN THE REALM OF WORK AND PLAY.
NATIBE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE.
Morning Face. Out-door Life Presented in Prose,
Verse, and Picture. By Gene Stratton-Porter;
illustrated with photographs taken by the
author. 4to, 128 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. |2.
The Wonder* of Animal Life. By W. S. Berridge;
illustrated from photographs by the author.
8vo, 270 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2.
Hollow Tree Nights and Days, Being a Continua-
tion of the Stories about the Hollow Tree and
Deep Woods People. By Albert Bigelow Paine.
Illustrated, 12mo, 290 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.50.
Bird Friends. A Complete Bird Book for Amer-
icans. By Gilbert H. Trafton. Illustrated in
color, etc., 8vo, 330 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $2.
Pilot, and Other Stories. By Harry Plunket Greene;
illustrated in color, etc., by H. J. Ford. Large
8vo, 227 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.
Half-True Storlea of Dwellers of Field and Forest.
By Stanton D. Kirkham. Illustrated, large
8vo, 202 pages. Paul Elder & Co. $2.
The Book of Forestry. By Frederick Franklin
Moon, B.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 315 pages. D.
Appleton & Co. $1.75.
Wonderdaya and Wonderways through Flowerland.
A Summer Adventure of Once Upon a Time.
By Grace Tabor. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo,
268 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.50.
The 'Wandering Dog. Trials and Tribulations of
a Fox-Terrier. By Marshall Saunders. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 363 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$1.50.
Famous Fonr-Footed Friends. By G. C. Harvey.
Illustrated, 8vo, 180 pages. Robert M. McBride
& Co. $1.50.
Betty's Beautiful Nights. How Fairies Influence
the Changing Seasons. By Marian W. W. Fen-
ner; illustrated by Clara M. Burd. 8vo, 212
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Forest Friends. By Royal Dixon. Illustrated in
color, 12mo, 206 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co.
$1.35.
Mother West Wind "How" Stories. By Thornton
W. Burgess. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 228
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.
Merry Animal Tales. A Book of Old Fables in
New Dresses. By Madge A. Bigham. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 200 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. 75 cts.
Little White Fox and His Arctic Friends. By Roy
J. Snell. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 130 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. 75 cts.
OLD FAVORITES IN NEW FORM.
The Water-Babies. By Charles Kingsley; illus-
trated in color, by Jessie Willcox Smith. 4to,
361 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.
The Black Arrow. A Tale of the Two Roses. By
Robert Louis Stevenson; illustrated in color
by N. C. Wyeth. Large 8vo, 328 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $2.25.
Robinson Crusoe. By Daniel Defoe; illustrated in
color by John Williamson. 8vo, 356 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25.
The Arabian Nights' Entertainments. Illustrated
and decorated by Louis Rhead. Large 8vo, 429
pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. By
Daniel Defoe; illustrated by Gordon Robinson.
12mo, 237 pages. "Complete Edition." Thomas
Y. Crowell Co. $1.25.
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
By Sir Thomas Malory; edited by Clifton
Johnson and illustrated by Rodney Thomson.
12mo, 335 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
A Child's Garden of Verses. By Robert Louis
Stevenson; illustrated in color, etc., by Florence
Edith Storer. 12mo, 116 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. 50 cts.
A Child's Pilgrim's Progress. By H. G. Tunnicliff,
B.A. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 139 pages.
Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 75 cts.
Granny's Wonderful Chair and Its Tales of Fairy
Times. By Frances Browne; introduced and
illustrated in color, etc.; by Katharine Pyle.
Large 8vo, 211 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50.
The AdventureH of Mlltiades Peterkin Paul. By
John Brownjohn. Illustrated. 4to, 88 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.
The Boys' Book of Mechanical Models. By William
B. Stout. Illustrated, 12mo, 257 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Jolly Book of Playcraft. By Patten Beard.
Illustrated, 8vo, 227 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.35.
Amateur Circus Life. A New Method of Physical
Development for Boys and Girls. By Ernest
Balch. Illustrated, 12mo, 190 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.50.
Handicraft for Handy Girls. Practical Plans for
Work and Play. By A. Neely Hall and Dorothy
Perkins. Illustrated by the author, 8vo, 413
pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $2.
The Camera Man. His Adventures in Many Fields.
By Francis A. Collins. Illustrated, 12mo, 210
pages. Century Co. $1.30.
Somethlng-to-do, Boys! Edited by Edna A. Foster.
Illustrated, 8vo, 252 pages. W. A. Wilde Co.
$1.25.
Simple Art Applied to Hand Work. By H. A.
Rankin and F. H. Brown. Vol. II., illustrated
in color, etc., 12mo, 206 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.50.
How Boys and Girls Can Earn Money. By C. C.
Bowsfleld. 12mo. 247 pages. Forbes & Co. $1.
Wood, Wire, and Cardboard. By J. G. Adams and
C. A. Elliott; with Foreword by R. Hudson.
Illustrated, 12mo, 115 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $1.
Physical Training for Boys. By M. N. Bunker.
Illustrated, 16mo, 170 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.
Practical Things with Simple Tools. A Book for
Young Mechanics. By Milton Goldsmith. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 214 pages. Sully & Klelnteich. $1.
The Great Dot Mystery. By Connecting Dots,
Pictures Are Made. By Clifford L. Sherman.
Illustrated, 4to. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.
The American Boys' Book of Electricity. By
Charles H. Seaver. Illustrated. 8vo, 365 pages.
Philadelphia: David McKay. $1.50.


552
[December 14
THE DIAL
On the Battle-Front of Engineering. By A. Russell
Bond. Illustrated, 12mo, 331 pages. Century
Co. $1.30.
I a.-le Sam'* Outdoor Magic. With the Reclamation
Workers. By Percy Keese Fitzhugh. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 313 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25.
The Boys' Book of Firemen. By Irving Crump.
Illustrated, 12mo. 269 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.26.
The Story of Glass. . By Sara Ware Bassett. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 230 pages. Penn Publishing Co.
75 cts.
POEMS AND PLAYS.
The Cambridge Book of Poetry for Children.
Selected and edited by Kenneth Grahame.
12mo, 288 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Fairy Gold. Poems by Katharine Lee Bates. 12mo,
232 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
Favourite* of a Nursery of Seventy Years Ago, and
Some Others of Later Date. Compiled by Edith
Emerson Forbes. Illustrated, 12mo, 620 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.
Fairy-Tale Plays. By Marguerite Merington. With
frontispiece in color, 8vo, 248 pages. Duffleld
& Co. $1.50.
Fairy Operetta*. By Laura E. Richards. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 119 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.
St. Nicholas Book of Playa and Operettas, Second
Series. Illustrated, 12mo, 243 pages. Century
Co. $1.
Indiana Authors. A Representative Collection for
Young People. By Minnie O. Williams. 12mo,
355 pages. Bobbs-Merrlll Co. $1.25.
TO TELL IN THE STORY HOUR.
Bible Stories to Read and Tell. 150 Stories from
the Old Testament with References to the Old
and New Testaments*, selected and arranged
by Frances J. Olcott; illustrated in color by
Willy Pogany. 8vo, 486 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $2.
The "Story Lady" Series. By Georgene Faulkner,
"the Story Lady." Comprising: Old Russian
Tales, illustrated in color by Frederic Rich-
ardson; Italian Fairy Tales, Illustrated in color
by Frederic Richardson; Christmas Stories,
illustrated in color by Frederic Richardson; Old
English Nursery Tales, illustrated in color by
Milo Winter. Each 8vo. Chicago: Daughaday
& Co. Per vol., $1.
Tell-Me-Why Stories about Great Discoveries. By
C. H. Claudy. Illustrated in color, 8vo, 268
pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.50.
Stories to Tell the Littlest Ones. By Sara Cone
Bryant; illustrated in color, etc., by Willy
Pogany. 8vo, 177 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.50.
Tell Me a Hero Story. By Mary Stewart. Illus-
trated in color. 12mo, 320 pages. Fleming H.
Revell Co. $1.25.
Told by the Sandman. By Abbie Phillips Walker.
Illustrated, 16mo, 97 pages. Harper & Brothers.
50 cts.
FAIRY TALES AND LEGENDS.
The King of Ireland's Son. Gaelic Folk-Romance.
By Padralc Colum; illustrated and decorated
by Willy Pogany. 8vo, 316 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $2.
The Allies' Fairy Book. With Introduction by
Edmund Gosse and Illustrations in color by
Arthur Rackham. 8vo, 122 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.75.
The Russian Garland of Fairy Tales. Being Rus-
sian Folk Legends translated from a collection
of Chap-Books made in Moscow. Edited by
Robert Steele; illustrated in color by R. de
Rosciszewski. Large 8vo, 243 pages. Robert
M. McBride & Co. $1.50.
The Clan of Munes. Adventures of a New Tribe
of Fairies. By Frederick J. Waugh, N.A.
Illustrated in color, etc., oblong 8vo, 56 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.60.
The Indian Fairy Book, from the Original Legends.
Compiled by Henry R. Schoolcraft; Illustrated
in color by Florence Choate and Elizabeth
Curtis. 8vo, 303 pages. Frederick A. Stokes
Co. $1.50.
.-Khop's Fables. Illustrated In color, etc., by F.
Opper. 8vo, 320 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.50.
Plnocchlo. An Italian Fairy Story, with a Puppet
in Leading Role. By "C. Collodi" (Carlo Lor-
enzini); illustrated in color, by Maria L. Kirk.
8vo, 234 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
Wonder Tales Retold. Written and illustrated by
Katharine Pyle. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 322
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.36.
Andersen's Fairy Tales. "Windermere Series";
illustrated, 8vo, 286 pages. Rand McNally &
Co. $1.35.
Rlnkltlnk In Oa. By L. Frank Baum. Illustrated
in color, etc., large 8vo, 314 pages. Reilly &
Britton Co. $1.25.
Top-of-the-World Stories. Translated from se-
lected Scandinavian Folk Stories by Emllie
Poulsson and Laura E. Poulsson. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 206 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.
The Tin Owl Stories. Wonder and Fairy Tales.
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Century Co. $1.
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Aunt Sadie's Rhymes and Rhyme-Stories. By Aunt
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The Goop Encyclopedia, containing Every Child's
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1916]
553
THE DIAL
GOOD BOOKS OP MANY SORTS.
The Young Folka' Book of Ideala. By William
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Mr. Oswald Kendall, whose "The Romance of
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The Crossroads Edition of "The Novels and
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554
[December 14
THE DIAL
A Powerful New Book
By ROBERT W. SERVICE
His "Spell of the Yukon" gripped the hearts
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RHYMES OF A
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j First Printing 50,000 J
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And wonder, too, if in God's sight
War ever, ever can be right."
Cloth, net $1.00. Flexible leather, net $ljt5
BARSE & HOPKINS
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A Spiritual Pilgrimage: A Religious Autobiography.
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Poland's Case for Independence! A Series of Essays
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The Early History of Cuba, 1492-1686. Written
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The Provocation of France: Fifty Years of German
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1916]
555
THE DIAL
wuvJOURNALISM versus ARTwyy
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556
[December 14
THE DIAL
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1S6 Filth Atuh, New Ta>rk (KitaHl.ked 1903)
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1916]
557
THE DIAL
The Story of the Trust Companies. By Edward
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[December 14
THE DIAL
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A Progressive's View of the
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THE DIAL
3 Jfortmgfjtlp journal of literary Criticism, Discussion, anb Hintormation.
Vol. LXI.
DECEMBER 28, 1916
No. 731.
Contents.
SEEING IT THROUGH. Bandolph Bourne . . 563
EMILE VERHAEREN. Benj. M. Woodbridge . 565
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. (Special
Correspondence.) J. C. Squire .... 567
CASUAL COMMENT . .' 569
Our debt to Professor Miinsterberg. — The
Newark prizes for poetry.—War as a stim-
ulant to poetry.— Glorification of periodical
literature.— Out of the depths.— From an
inquiring correspondent. — An overworked
word.—Expert bibliopoly.—Enlivenments to
library routine.
COMMUNICATIONS 572
Verse—Free or Confined? H. E. Warner.
O. HENRY: A CONTEMPORARY CLASSIC.
Archibald Henderson 573
AFRICA AND THE GREAT WAR. Talbot
Mundy 575
CLASSIC UTTERANCES OF AMERICAN
STATESMEN. William E. Dodd . . .576
RELIGIONS AND MORALS OF THE WORLD.
Nathaniel Schmidt 579
AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY GALLANT.
Richard E. Danielson 582
THE NEW SPIRIT. Graham Aldis 584
THE ACTIVITIES OF TRADE UNIONS.
Lindsay Sogers 585
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale .... 586
NOTES ON NEW FICTION 587
Penrod and Sam.—Helen.—Blithe McBride.
—The Incredible Honeymoon.—Shadows of
Yesterday.—Further Foolishness.—The Tri-
umph of Tim.—In the Garden of Delight.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 589
Mexico and the present administration.—
The book of the dance.—A century of social
life in England.—Truth finds a timid cham-
pion.— The science of advertising.— Mr.
Jack's new volume.—The eternal heart of
France.—The psychology of wit.
NOTES AND NEWS 592
LIST OF NEW BOOKS 594
SEEING IT THROUGH.
How widely Mr. Wells's latest consolation
for the war will be disseminated and absorbed
by this Wellsian generation we have yet to
learn, but one can at least register the gravity
of the situation which his latest book creates.
There is still a possibility that Mr. Britling
may not be Mr. Wells himself but rather a
mere ironic portrait of the very modern Briton
bouleverse by the personal thrust of the war.
If this is so, the "seeing it through" to an
end which materializes only in a Finite God
is a touch of Wellsian humor only too deeply
ironic. But Mr. Britling's ante-bellum
vivacity, his self-conscious gayety of life with
its tumbling ideas, its pianolas and hockey
and automobiles, its careless, vital, intellect-
ual women, its nonchalant air of wanting
everybody to see very clearly that the modern
Englishman is intensely getting much more
out of life than anybody else in the world,—
all this is too much of the very air that Mr.
Wells breathes not to make one wonder at the
risk he runs and the responsibility he will
undertake in getting himself misunderstood.
If Mr. Britling is not Mr. Wells, his reaction
to the war, his conviction of the many aspects,
protests, explanations that have to be set
down very clearly and confidently in pam-
phlets of sonorous titles, makes him at least
Mr. Wells's own brother. And the map-
revising which takes place after the death of
Mr. Britling's son seems to set us back into
the old captivating intellectual serenity which
always tried to fuse and steady and lift the
emotional tangles and defeats of life without
bruising them.
But the old Wells magic is no sooner
revived than a rude hand brushes over it and
blots it out. This quick flop into religion,
this opening of the flood-gates by the letter to
the parents of the dead Heinrich, this
unstemmable plunge into the emotional abyss,
with never a recovery or hint of a recovery,
takes the breath away in dismay. Does it
mean that the Mr. Britlings of England,
quenched in personal sorrow, are beginning to
find their consolation in this last and least


THE DIAL
[December 28
º,04
reparable of idealisms' Have they no choice
but to find God! It is true that, as a prag.
matest Mr Wells may have hintº at his
God in his “First and Last Things.” But no
ºne toºk the pragmatists to mean any more
- man that if there was a God, this was the
r ad ºf wºod he was To feel that there is a
… it, feel that there must be a God. would
save *ru*d a few years ago a Jump too
ºlºsa' fºr even a tender-minded º
1, make except poetically * * *::::
The question that staggers ºl Mr. Wells's
..! how -
º: * * may lead the cynical º Just
ºw far ine, he deal in anything else!
-ha; Mr. Wells is nº
~ º than what the º i. .
in will think he is up tº and whether .
º, in al. sincerity. ałow themselves to be
a l, the cºnsolation which he makes
ºf nenceſ: through to The American world
º ºº:: sºmber ºf years, in the high-
* . . .e. sº, s toward Mr. Wells.
-- stºº ſº. nº pºwer of seeming to express
~ ºn hº º ... . . swas which we feel
• *-*ty and .
". * ****** tº consciousness, tha
*** * sº º º be in a high state
• *---- Tº … Mr. Britling even if
• ***** º has Mr. Wells did not
as sº . . . . wºls himself. The dis-
* * * * ---, -w ºwl has a great Amer-
- a sm wach successive book
Ja their emotional moor-
. . . weeks after these readings,
* , alºnsºlves. Their imagina-
- ... ºn researches magnificent,
ºn personal relations into
… is, wa thinking in large
, ºnal terms. But in a part
... v., wells is fortunate. There
was teel a flimsiness in his
ºn a his soaring, a little
, , , , a lºw content to reiterate the
\ , a sumurai rather than to
, , , a solution. He seems to
more a certain brave lumi-
, , , which, if dwelt on, shines
º, in itself.
to be swept away, but we
ºn, where to windward. The
ºn of distrust has upon us the
, , , , tect of inoculating us
, , , unt. We get all the thrill
… . . we are never disappointed
--- ºr- ***
<---ºut º'
-
* * * * *
- *
- * * *
* *
* ww.
far is he dealing in wistful
to however, is far
in him. This protection was never so much
needed as now. If Mr. Wells has not capitu-
lated at this all-testing crisis to an obscuran-
tism against which he always so bravely
contended, he is at least willing to take the
responsibility of his suggestive power. He
is willing to see us follow him into a consola-
tion that is all the more insidious for his
making it rush in and overwhelm the rational
and realistic consolation of intelligence which
Mr. Britling was setting for himself. He is
willing to have that gallery of people who are
reading Mr. Britling this month and will be
reading him for many weeks to come set about
the imaginative adventure of substituting the
Finite God for the Research Magnificent, or
at least of building their war-consolation out
of a God — immensely pragmatic, I admit,
immensely diluted, almost a figure that one
becomes pathetic and tender about, yet unmis-
takably a God. The effect he would produce
on our minds is that somehow this Finite
God would not be gainsaid. The combination
of horrors was too potent. No other consola-
tion would have staggered up to meet it. A
year of butchery, tension, dread, the sacrifice
of the young Hugh and the young Heinrich,
national and personal calamity playing into
each other in the vivid, personal mind, meet-
ing, embracing, reinforcing each other,
but did this have to end, even in the mind of
the most self-consciously pagan and intellect-
ual of middle-class Englishmen, in this
sentimental cosmification of his own despair-
ing struggle? One reacts to it as to a sort
of wilful bankruptcy of intellect.
Yet our reaction would be stronger if we
were not in the habit of not being disillu-
sioned by Mr. Wells. For our slight distrust
acts, as everything else seems to act, to his
glory and ratification. If we trusted him,
the shock of disillusionment would be com-
plete, and we would have no more of him.
But distrusting him, we find ourselves giving
him the benefit of the doubt. Over here
where we strain our imaginations to feel the
personal shock of the war, and console our-
selves with the rightness of the cause and a
nebulous vision of vast changes to come, Mr.
Wells tempts us to wonder if this consolation
of his, were we enmeshed in its claims, per-
sonally dragged in its terrible wash, would
be the only one for us too. And the number
of Americans who, under the spell of the
book, will see, like a burst of light before


1916]
THE DIAL 565
their eyes, how impossible it was for Mr.
Britling or for any American spectator to
come to any other consolation,-this will be the
index of what the war is doing to our educa-
tion, of how far it is setting back our struggle
after a modern and realistic philosophy of
life.
For some of us the benefit of the doubt
will not save Mr. Wells. It was bad enough
for the French and Germans to erect new
tribal gods to go out with their armies and
smite the aggressor. It is bad enough to have
the American bishops put a God of Hosts into
their Prayer Book to protect our soldiers and
make them to “wage war in righteousness.”
But these are robust and inevitable expan-
sions of the old primitive popular and
national religions, as unsophisticated as the
objectifications of desire which savage peoples
use to inflate their ardor and endow them with
a sense of power. These tribal Gods of Hosts
collapse with the passing of battle. Only the
ignorant are really moved. The intelligent
use them only in metaphors of pious fervor.
A Wellsian Finite God, however, is far
more plausible and dangerous. A personal
god tends to linger long after the crisis which
produced him has passed. He is always there
to help and to be helped. For his struggles,
as Mr. Britling rhapsodizes them, appeal
almost to instincts of chivalry. Mr. Britling
finds in him all the consolations he needs for
personal calamity, and he objectifies him into
a Captain of Mankind. And such a God
seems sustaining as long as he is a mere
cosmified Mr. Asquith leading him by the
hand. But extend this succor to other fields
of struggle. Are we to see Mr. Britling's God
as a cosmified Mr. Asquith leading him by the
hand to the victory of public right in Europe,
or as a mystic Russia in the skies struggling
hopefully along with her for the possession
of Constantinople? The Finite God breaks
down as soon as we get outside of our own
private consolation, and we see the world
again as contending powers controllable only
as we get power sublimated into workman-
ship, and superstition into intelligence.
Mr. Wells does not disillusion us, and so we
cannot be angry with him. But his plunge
into the rubbish of Captains of Mankind,
World-Republics, Religion as the first and
last thing, will steel our hearts against such
cheap and easy consolations for calamities
against which there can be no consolation.
There is one hope left for Mr. Britling —
that he went back to his map-drawing. He
may have faced his God frankly for what
he was, the overwhelming need of his stricken
hour, the object that his desire, crushed with
his sympathy for European fathers and
mothers in their stricken hour, built for his
consolation. But, created for his need, its
shining face passes slowly away, and Mr.
Britling returns to the Better Government of
the World, with its recasting of frontiers, its
justice that shall demand no more sacrifice.
There are the relentless realities the need for
which will not pass away.
Otherwise Mr. Britling did not see it
through. For those who live, the world is
not livable except through triumph over the
despair of death, and over a religion which
is little more than an evasion of that despair.
The only consolation permitted is to feel one's
self coöperating with the intelligent forces
that are making for the better ordering of
the world. To be on the right track, that is
salvation in the modern world. Mr. Britling
with his maps was sound in instinct and pur-
pose. His poring put him in the current of
the world's hope. Past religion into creative
intelligence, such effort should lead all who
will resolutely seek such consolation. Noth-
ing else is a seeing it through.
- RANDOLPH Bourn E.
EMILE VERHAEREN.
Ka20s réðvake uºukrás
“A noble minstrel lies dead” and Moschus
called on all the wooded vales and streams of
Sicily to mourn with him for Bion whose
songs they should echo no more. From every
corner of the earth where civilization has
reached Maeterlinck might ask homage to the
memory of his great fellow-countryman,
Verhaeren, whose genius found its inspiration
in each new conquest of the human spirit.
Belgian first and last — no man could have
a prouder title to-day — his work mirrors our
age in its present achievement and its aspira-
tion for the future. For this singer of
kermesse and monastery, this eloquent denun-
ciator of German outrage on “the spirit of
to-day,” has sung the epic of modern inven-
tion and industry with its mastering of
nature's resources, and has dreamt the dream
of the federation of the world.
Emile Verhaeren was born at St. Amand
on the Scheldt in 1855. His childhood was


564
[December 28
THE DIAL
reparable of idealisms? Have they no choice
but to find God? It is true that, as a prag-
matist, Mr. Wells may have hinted at his
God in his "First and Last Things." But no
one took the pragmatists to mean any more
than that if there was a God, this was the
kind of God he was. To feel that there is a
God, to feel that there must be a God, would
have seemed a few years ago a jump too
colossal for even a tender-minded pragmatist
to make, except poetically or in wistful play.
The question that staggers us in Mr. Wells's
book is, Just how far is he dealing in wistful
play? Which may lead the cynical to, Just
• how far does he deal in anything else?
What Mr. Wells is up to, however, is far
less important than what the people who read
him will think he is up to, and whether they
will, in all sincerity, allow themselves to be
influenced by the consolation which he makes
his hero see through to. The American world
has been, for a number of years, in the high-
est state of suggestibility toward Mr. Wells.
So magical is his power of seeming to express
for us the ideas and dilemmas which we feel
spring out of our modernity and stamp us
with a sort of cautious self-consciousness, that
a great many of us would be in a high state
of suggestibility toward Mr. Britling even if
we were convinced that Mr. Wells did not
mean him to be Mr. Wells himself. The dis-
coverer of the Finite God has a great Amer-
ican following whom each successive book
tends to sweep from their emotional moor-
ings. For several weeks after these readings,
they are not quite themselves. Their imagina-
tive life is engaged on researches magnificent,
on the turning of their personal relations into
passionate friendships, on thinking in large
emotional international terms. But in a part
of this following Mr. Wells is fortunate. There
are those of us who feel a flimsiness in his
fabric, a slight limp in his soaring, a little
uneasiness in his facile content to reiterate the
dilemmas of sex and samurai rather than to
make hopeful stabs at a solution. He seems to
acquire more and more a certain brave lumi-
nousness of phrase which, if dwelt on, shines
so little deeper than itself.
We continue to be swept away, but we
have an anchor somewhere to windward. The
drop of the poison of distrust has upon us the
altogether happy effect of inoculating us
against disillusionment. We get all the thrill
of Mr. Wells and we are never disappointed
in him. This protection was never so much
needed as now. If Mr. Wells has not capitu-
lated at this all-testing crisis to an obscuran-
tism against which he always so bravely
contended, he is at least willing to take the
responsibility of his suggestive power. He
is willing to see us follow him into a consola-
tion that is all the more insidious for his
making it rush in and overwhelm the rational
and realistic consolation of intelligence which
Mr. Britling was setting for himself. He is
willing to have that gallery of people who are
reading Mr. Britling this month and will be
reading him for many weeks to come set about
the imaginative adventure of substituting the
Finite God for the Research Magnificent, or
at least of building their war-consolation out
of a God — immensely pragmatic, I admit,
immensely diluted, almost a figure that one
becomes pathetic and tender about, yet unmis-
takably a God. The effect he would produce
on our minds is that somehow this Finite
God would not be gainsaid. The combination
of horrors was too potent. No other consola-
tion would have staggered up to meet it. A
year of butchery, tension, dread, the sacrifice
of the young Hugh and the young Heinrich,
national and personal calamity playing into
each other in the vivid, personal mind, meet-
ing, embracing, reinforcing each other,—
but did this have to end, even in the mind of
the most self-consciously pagan and intellect-
ual of middle-class Englishmen, in this
sentimental cosmification of his own despair-
ing struggle? One reacts to it as to a sort
of wilful bankruptcy of intellect.
Yet our reaction would be stronger if we
were not in the habit of not being disillu-
sioned by Mr. Wells. For our slight distrust
acts, as everything else seems to act, to his
glory and ratification. If we trusted him,
the shock of disillusionment would be com-
plete, and we would have no more of him.
But distrusting him, we find ourselves giving
him the benefit of the doubt. Over here
where we strain our imaginations to feel the
personal shock of the war, and console our-
selves with the Tightness of the cause and a
nebulous vision of vast changes to come, Mr.
Wells tempts us to wonder if this consolation
of his, were we enmeshed in its claims, per-
sonally dragged in its terrible wash, would
be the only one for us too. And the number
of Americans who, under the spell of the
book, will see, like a burst of light before


1916]
565
THE DIAL
their eyes, how impossible it was for Mr.
Britling or for any American spectator to
come to any other consolation,—this will be the
index of what the war is doing to our educa-
tion, of how far it is setting back our struggle
after a modern and realistic philosophy of
life.
For some of us the benefit of the doubt
will not save Mr. Wells. It was bad enough
for the French and Germans to erect new
tribal gods to go out with their armies and
smite the aggressor. It is bad enough to have
the American bishops put a God of Hosts into
their Prayer Book to protect our soldiers and
make them to "wage war in righteousness."
But these are robust and inevitable expan-
sions of the old primitive popular and
national religions, as unsophisticated as the
objectifications of desire which savage peoples
use to inflate their ardor and endow them with
a sense of power. These tribal Gods of Hosts
collapse with the passing of battle. Only the
ignorant are really moved. The intelligent
use them only in metaphors of pious fervor.
A Wellsian Finite God, however, is far
more plausible and dangerous. A personal
god tends to linger long after the crisis which
produced him has passed. He is always there
to help and to be helped. For his struggles,
as Mr. Britling rhapsodizes them, appeal
almost to instincts of chivalry. Mr. Britling
finds in him all the consolations he needs for
personal calamity, and he objectifies him into
a Captain of Mankind. And such a God
seems sustaining as long as he is a mere
cosmified Mr. Asquith leading him by the
hand. But extend this succor to other fields
of struggle. Are we to see Mr. Britling's God
as a cosmified Mr. Asquith leading him by the
hand to the victory of public right in Europe,
or as a mystic Russia in the skies struggling
hopefully along with her for the possession
of Constantinople? The Finite God breaks
down as soon as we get outside of our own
private consolation, and we see the world
again as contending powers controllable only
as we get power sublimated into workman-
ship, and superstition into intelligence.
Mr. Wells does not disillusion us, and so we
cannot be angry with him. But his plunge
into the rubbish of Captains of Mankind,
World-Republics, Religion as the first and
last thing, will steel our hearts against such
cheap and easy consolations for calamities
against which there can be no consolation.
There is one hope left for Mr. Britling —
that he Went back to his map-drawing. He
may have faced his God frankly for what
he was, the overwhelming need of his stricken
hour, the object that his desire, crushed with
his sympathy for European fathers and
mothers in their stricken hour, built for his
consolation. But, created for his need, its
shining face passes slowly away, and Mr.
Britling returns to the Better Government of
the World, with its recasting of frontiers, its
justice that shall demand no more sacrifice.
There are the relentless realities the need for
which will not pass away.
Otherwise Mr. Britling did not see it
through. For those who live, the world is
not livable except through triumph over the
despair of death, and over a religion which
is little more than an evasion of that despair.
The only consolation permitted is to feel one's
self cooperating with the intelligent forces
that are making for the better ordering of
the world. To be on the right track, that is
salvation in the modern world. Mr. Britling
with his maps was sound in instinct and pur-
pose. His poring put him in the current of
the world's hope. Past religion into creative
intelligence, such effort should lead all who
will resolutely seek such consolation. Noth-
ing else is a seeing it through.
Randolph Bourne.
EMILE VERHAEREN.
Ku/os Ti8vaK£ fiehiKTdi
"A noble minstrel lies dead" and Moschus
called on all the wooded vales and streams of
Sicily to mourn with him for Bion whose
songs they should echo no more. From every
corner of the earth where civilization has
reached Maeterlinck might ask homage to the
memory of his great fellow-countryman,
Verhaeren, whose genius found its inspiration
in each new conquest of the human spirit.
Belgian first and last — no man could have
a prouder title to-day — his work mirrors our
age in its present achievement and its aspira-
tion for the future. For this singer of
kermesse and monastery, this eloquent denun-
ciator of German outrage on "the spirit of
to-day," has sung the epic of modern inven-
tion and industry with its mastering of
nature's resources, and has dreamt the dream
of the federation of the world..
Emile Verhaeren was born at St. Amand
on the Scheldt in 1855. His childhood was


566
[December 28
THE DIAL
spent amid rural Belgian scenes which he has
lovingly described in some of his poems. To
the end of his life he loved to return to the
simple country folk among whom he grew up,
and they regarded him as a friend and
neighbor. As a boy he studied with Maeter-
linck and Rodenbach at the Jesuit College
of Sainte-Barbe at Ghent, and later read law
at Louvain. During his student days he was
engaged in various literary enterprises; it is
not surprising, then, that after a brief
practice at the Brussels bar he gave himself
entirely to poetry.
Car il ne reste rien que l'art sur cette terre
Pour tenter un cerveau puissant et solitaire
Et le griser de rouge et tonique liqueur.
But his conception of art was far from that
of the romanticists who would withdraw
from their fellow-men into an ivory tower
to dream of impossible Utopias. For Ver-
haeren, the artist is one who "hails, kindles
and fans that holy fire, energy" in whatever
form it presents itself. He would "chisel the
whole world into a lyric"; he would grapple
with the myriad energies which our age of
iron has produced and forge his Utopia from
them. No one form of activity could satisfy
him,— hence his refusal to accept any of the
professions offered him,— his restless spirit
exulted in every new conquest of human
effort and his enthusiasm vented itself in
pagans to the new Apollo.
0 race humaine aux astres d'or nouee,
As-tu senti de quel travail formidable et battant,
Soudainement, depuis cent ans,
Ta force immense est secouee?
Hence his love of the concentrated force of
great cities — les villes tentaculaires — which
draw into themselves the rich blood of the
country and mould a new type of men whose
fatherland is I'Internationale. He sees in
the common striving toward a great end, the
progress of humanity, a new brotherhood
among men. "II faut aimer pour decouvrir
avec genie." His vision was not destined to
immediate realization. As I have said else-
where, he chanted the triumph of life, and
now the cannon, mouthpieces of the modern
quest of power, are pealing back the triumph
of death. But his vision is none the less
prophetic for that; it is shining still above the
fray and offers man his one ray of hope.
Verhaeren's literary work consists of some
twenty volumes of verse, four dramas, and a
half-dozen essays. A rapid survey of his
poetry, on which his fame rests, may serve to
show the evolution, as well as the underlying
unity of his thought. His earliest work seems
to have been intended to put in literary form
certain striking aspects of national life. His
admiration for the old Flemish artists,
revealed again in his critical essays, aided by
recollections of his own student days,
inspired "Les Flamandes," in which he por-
trays with vivid realism the boisterous
popular festivals—"le decor monstrueux des
grasses kermesses." Again, a collection of
sonnets entitled "Les Moines" sympathet-
ically describes the quiet life of the cloisters.
In the monks Verhaeren celebrates the hero-
ism of renunciation and fidelity to a lost
cause, the relic of a mighty past. Then comes
a change. The following volumes show the
poet's seething temperament turning inward
and relentlessly tearing him. He had left his
native land for a long period of travel and he
was to pass through the dark forest before he
found himself. In strange cities the storm
and stress of the age caught and nearly
swallowed him. He tells of his struggle in
volumes of which the very titles are eloquent:
"Les Soirs," "Les Debacles," "Les Flambeaux
Noirs." It is the revolt of a great and too
self-conscious individuality which finds itself
out of harmony with the universe. "Mourir.
comme des fleurs trop enormes, mourir," is
his cry. But the life instinct was strong in
him and he emerged from the crisis with a
new power. He had learned the lesson of the
monk's self-renunciation, and the overflowing
zest of life of the kermesse was directed into
a new channel—the identification of the
individual with the spirit of his time. His
one desire is now
De n'etre plus qu'un tourbillon
Qui se disperse au vent mysterieux des choses.
And so he throws himself passionately into
every tendency of modern life. His admira-
tion is a little tumultuous at first: energy of
any sort seems an end in itself; he feels
drawn by the tense struggle in great cities and
portrays in vivid imagery the migration from
"Les Campagnes Hallucinees," from "Les
Villages Illusoires" toward "Les Villes Ten-
taculaires." "Tous les chemins se rythment
vers elle." Then, more marvellous than the
multifarious passions and industries crowded
into the metropolis, he finds a discipline, an
order, which restrains and guides them toward
a common goal, just as the monastic rule
bends into harmony the contrasting char-
acters of the monks. In the drama, "Les
Aubes," there is a sort of vision of the recon-
ciliation of town and country when love
supersedes strife. Zola tells how, shattered
in mind and body, he found again moral and


1916]
567
THE DIAL
physical strength by passing a year with a
blacksmith. "II m'apparaissait comme le
biros grandi du travail, l'enfant infatigable
de ce siecle, qui bat sans cesse sur l'enclume
l'outil de notre analyse, qui faconne dans le
feu et par le fer la societe de demain."
Verhaeren's evolution from the years of
romantic storm and stress to his final serene
outlook on life was founded on similar expe-
riences.
It is in Verhaeren's last work, "Les Forces
Tumultueuses," "La Multiple Splendeur"
and "Les Rythmes Souverains" that his phil-
osophy takes final shape. He has found the
meaning of the separate phases of energy so
triumphantly hailed in earlier volumes.
Si nous nous admirons vraiment les uns les autres,
Du fond meme de notre ardeur et notre foi,
Vous les penseurs, vous les savants, vous les apotres,
Pour les temps qui viendront vous extrairez la loi.
He asks from each and all admiration and
love for fellow-toilers in the great struggle
which is to make man really the master of the
universe, and for him complete mastery means
identification of the conqueror with the con-
quered. In this brotherhood and pantheism,
is the sovereign rhythm. The poet's role is
that of the seer who brings his vision of the
future to incite to greater effort. "Nous
croyons deja ce que les autres sauront."
There is a wide-spread belief that Ver-
haeren is the leader of the vers libristes, or
at least he is constantly associated with them.
But his sincerity and high seriousness of
purpose place him far above this rather
effeminate and decadent school. The doctrine
of art for art's sake was anathema to him.
As a matter of fact, his earliest work is in the
traditional Alexandrine, and when later he
uses irregular metrical verse forms it is not
through caprice or as an experiment in
versification, but because in his effort to put
himself into harmony with the age he felt the
need of the most varied rhythm. Never was
Buffon's dictum "le style est I'homme meme"
better exemplified.
Conscious of his achievement, Verhaeren
has summed up his life work in magnificent
verses:
Celui qui me lira dans les siecles, un soir,
Troublant mes vers, sous leur sommeil ou sous leur
cendre,
Kt ranimant leur sens lointain pour mieux com-
prendre
Comment ceux d 'aujourd 'hui s 'etaient armes d'espoir,
Qu'il sache, avec quel violent elan, ma joie
S 'est, a travers les cris, les revoltes, les pleurs,
Ruck' au combat fier et male des douleurs,
Pour en tirer 1 'amour, comme on conquiert sa proie.
Benj. M. Woodbridge.
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON.
(Special Correspondence of The Dial.)
The publishing season is almost over. It
has naturally been a thin one, but really inter-
esting books have been rather more numerous
than last year. The booksellers are not doing
badly. The demand for commonplace war
books has fallen off, but books about condi-
tions at the end of the war and narratives of
personal experiences on the firing-line are
selling well. Of the novels those which are
doing best are by established authors. The
booksellers say that the public won't touch
novels by new authors in war-time. Perhaps
the public, in sticking to the old novelists, is
moved by an unconscious desire to cling to
something familiar which remains from a
period of which so much that was familiar
has disappeared. But something must be
ascribed to the shrinkage in the amount of
reviewing done by the press. New novels are
getting, as a body, very little show.
The most discussed novel of the past month
is Mr. Gilbert Carman's "Mendel." The hero
is an East End Jew alleged to possess colos-
sal artistic genius. There is a great deal of
(as I think) rather windy talk about Art
and Life, and the sexual atmosphere is depres-
sing in the extreme. The most striking
feature of the work is the way in which living
people, scarcely disguised, are used as char-
acters, and actual events are incorporated in
the narrative. A good many young novelists
are showing this tendency to go round, as it
were, with a reporter's notebook and trans-
cribe their observations. It means death to
imagination and form, though it is undoubt-
edly labor-saving. And it is certainly irritat-
ing to those readers who do not want to be
bothered by wondering (whenever there is
any doubt!) as they come to each character,
"who it is meant to be."
This question of the amalgamation of fiction
and biography is, in another aspect, amus-
ingly touched on by Miss Susan L. Mitchell
in her new critical monograph on George
Moore (Maunsel, Dublin). Miss Mitchell —
who assists "M" in the Irish cooperative
movement and writes comic topical verse
better than anyone else in Ireland — talks a
good deal of sense about her subject and
sprinkles it freely with jests. She has no
reverence, and repeats descriptions of Mr,
Moore in which he is said to resemble a gos-
ling, a boiled ghost, and a gooseberry. In
analyzing Mr. Moore's memoirs she observes
that, as some novelists impute real adven-
tures to characters with fictitious names, so
Mr. Moore imputes imaginary deeds and


566
[December 28
THE DIAL
spent amid rural Belgian scenes which he has
lovingly described in some of his poems. To
the end of his life he loved to return to the
simple country folk among whom he grew up,
and they regarded him as a friend and
neighbor. As a boy he studied with Maeter-
linck and Rodenbach at the Jesuit College
of Sainte-Barbe at Ghent, and later read law
at Louvain. During his student days he was
engaged in various literary enterprises; it is
not surprising, then, that after a brief
practice at the Brussels bar he gave himself
entirely to poetry.
Car il me resterien que l'art sur cette terre
Pour tenter un cerveau puissant et solitaire
Et le griser de rouge et tonique liqueur.
But his conception of art was far from that
of the romanticists who would withdraw
from their fellow-men into an ivory tower
to dream of impossible Utopias. For Ver-
haeren, the artist is one who “hails, kindles
and fans that holy fire, energy” in whatever
form it presents itself. He would “chisel the
whole world into a lyric”; he would grapple
with the myriad energies which our age of
iron has produced and forge his Utopia from
them. No one form of activity could satisfy
him, hence his refusal to accept any of the
professions offered him, his restless spirit
exulted in every new conquest of human
effort and his enthusiasm vented itself in
paºans to the new Apollo.
O race humaine aux astres d'or nouée, -
As-tu senti de quel travail formidable et battant,
Soudainement, depuis cent ans,
Ta force immense est secouée?
Hence his love of the concentrated force of
great cities—les villes tentaculaires — which
draw into themselves the rich blood of the
country and mould a new type of men whose
fatherland is l’Internationale. He sees in
the common striving toward a great end, the
progress of humanity, a new brotherhood
among men. “Il faut aimer pour découvrir
avec génie.” His vision was not destined to
immediate realization. As I have said else-
where, he chanted the triumph of life, and
now the cannon, mouthpieces of the modern
quest of power, are pealing back the triumph
of death. But his vision is none the less
prophetic for that; it is shining still above the
fray and offers man his one ray of hope.
Verhaeren's literary work consists of some
twenty volumes of verse, four dramas, and a
half-dozen essays. A rapid survey of his
poetry, on which his fame rests, may serve to
show the evolution, as well as the underlying
unity of his thought. His earliest work seems
to have been intended to put in literary form
certain striking aspects of national life. His
admiration for the old Flemish artists,
revealed again in his critical essays, aided by
recollections of his own student days,
inspired “Les Flamandes,” in which he por-
trays with vivid realism the boisterous
popular festivals—“le décor monstrueux des
grasses kermesses.” Again, a collection of
sonnets entitled “Les Moines” sympathet-
ically describes the quiet life of the cloisters.
In the monks Verhaeren celebrates the hero-
ism of renunciation and fidelity to a lost
cause, the relic of a mighty past. Then comes
a change. The following volumes show the
poet’s seething temperament turning inward
and relentlessly tearing him. He had left his
native land for a long period of travel and he
was to pass through the dark forest before he
found himself. In strange cities the storm
and stress of the age caught and nearly
swallowed him. He tells of his struggle in
volumes of which the very titles are eloquent:
“Les Soirs,” “Les Débâcles,” “Les Flambeaux
Noirs.” It is the revolt of a great and too
self-conscious individuality which finds itself
out of harmony with the universe. “Mourir,
comme des fleurs trop Énormes, mourir,” is
his cry. But the life instinct was strong in
him and he emerged from the crisis with a
new power. He had learned the lesson of the
monk's self-renunciation, and the overflowing
zest of life of the kermesse was directed into
a new channel — the identification of the
individual with the spirit of his time. His
one desire is now
De n'étre plus qu'un tourbillon
Qui se disperse au vent mystérieux des choses.
And so he throws himself passionately into
every tendency of modern life. His admira-
tion is a little tumultuous at first: energy of
any sort seems an end in itself; he feels
drawn by the tense struggle in great cities and
portrays in vivid imagery the migration from
“Les Campagnes Hallucinées,” from “Les
Villages Illusoires” toward “Les Villes Ten-
taculaires.” “Tous les chemins se rythment
vers elle.” Then, more marvellous than the
multifarious passions and industries crowded
into the metropolis, he finds a discipline, an
order, which restrains and guides them toward
a common goal, just as the monastic rule
bends into harmony the contrasting char-
acters of the monks. In the drama, “Les
Aubes,” there is a sort of vision of the recon-
ciliation of town and country when love
supersedes strife. Zola tells how, shattered
in mind and body, he found again moral and


1916]
THE DIAL - 567
physical strength by passing a year with a
blacksmith. “Il m'apparaissait comme le
héros grandi du travail, l'enfant infatigable
de ce siècle, qui bat sans cesse sur l'enclume
l'outil de notre analyse, qui façonne dans le
feu et par le fer la société de demain.”
Verhaeren's evolution from the years of
romantic storm and stress to his final serene
outlook on life was founded on similar expe-
riences.
It is in Verhaeren's last work, “Les Forces
Tumultueuses,” “La Multiple Splendeur”
and “Les Rythmes Souverains” that his phil-
osophy takes final shape. He has found the
meaning of the separate phases of energy so
triumphantly hailed in earlier volumes.
Sinous nous admirons vraiment les uns les autres,
Du fond méme de notre ardeur et notre foi,
Wous les penseurs, vous les savants, vous les apôtres,
Pour les temps qui viendront vous extrairez la loi.
He asks from each and all admiration and
love for fellow-toilers in the great struggle
which is to make man really the master of the
universe, and for him complete mastery means
identification of the conqueror with the con-
quered. In this brotherhood and pantheism,
is the sovereign rhythm. The poet's rôle is
that of the seer who brings his vision of the
future to incite to greater effort. “Nous
croyons déjà ce que les autres sauront.”
There is a wide-spread belief that Ver-
haeren is the leader of the vers libristes, or
at least he is constantly associated with them.
But his sincerity and high seriousness of
purpose place him far above this rather
effeminate and decadent school. The doctrine
of art for art's sake was anathema to him.
As a matter of fact, his earliest work is in the
traditional Alexandrine, and when later he
uses irregular metrical verse forms it is not
through caprice or as an experiment in
versification, but because in his effort to put
himself into harmony with the age he felt the
need of the most varied rhythm. Never was
Buffon's dictum “le style est l’homme méme”
better exemplified.
Conscious of his achievement, Verhaeren
has summed up his life work in magnificent
Verses:
Celui qui me lira dans les siècles, un soir,
Troublant mes vers, sous leur sommeil ou sous leur
cendre,
Et ranimant leur sens lointain pour mieux com-
prendre
Comment ceux d'aujourd’hui s'étaient armés d'espoir,
Qu'il sache, avec quel violent élan, ma joie
S’est, a travers les cris, les révoltes, les pleurs,
Ruée au combat fier et male des douleurs,
Pour en tirer l'amour, comme on conquiert sa proie.
BEN.J. M. WooDBRIDGE.
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON.
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.)
The publishing season is almost over. It
has naturally been a thin one, but really inter-
esting books have been rather more numerous
than last year. The booksellers are not doing
badly. The demand for commonplace war
books has fallen off, but books about condi-
tions at the end of the war and narratives of
personal experiences on the firing-line are
selling well. Of the novels those which are
doing best are by established authors. The
booksellers say that the public won't touch
novels by new authors in war-time. Perhaps
the public, in sticking to the old novelists, is
moved by an unconscious desire to cling to
something familiar which remains from a
period of which so much that was familiar
has disappeared. But something must be
ascribed to the shrinkage in the amount of
reviewing done by the press. New novels are
getting, as a body, very little show.
The most discussed novel of the past month
is Mr. Gilbert Cannan’s “Mendel.” The hero
is an East End Jew alleged to possess colos-
sal artistic genius. There is a great deal of
(as I think) rather windy talk about Art
and Life, and the sexual atmosphere is depres-
sing in the extreme. The most striking
feature of the work is the way in which living
people, scarcely disguised, are used as char-
acters, and actual events are incorporated in
the narrative. A good many young novelists
are showing this tendency to go round, as it
were, with a reporter's notebook and trans-
cribe their observations. It means death to
imagination and form, though it is undoubt-
edly labor-saving. And it is certainly irritat-
ing to those readers who do not want to be
bothered by wondering (whenever there is
any doubt!) as they come to each character,
“who it is meant to be.”
This question of the amalgamation of fiction
and biography is, in another aspect, amus-
ingly touched on by Miss Susan L. Mitchell
in her new critical monograph on George
Moore (Maunsel, Dublin). Miss Mitchell—
who assists “AE” in the Irish coöperative
movement and writes comic topical verse
better than anyone else in Ireland — talks a
good deal of sense about her subject and
sprinkles it freely with jests. She has no
reverence, and repeats descriptions of Mr.
Moore in which he is said to resemble a gos-
ling, a boiled ghost, and a gooseberry. In
analyzing Mr. Moore's memoirs she observes
that, as some novelists impute real adven-
tures to characters with fictitious names, so
Mr. Moore imputes imaginary deeds and


568
I December 28
THE DIAL
words to living men. He writes novels about
people he knows, and mixes fact and fiction
with devilish ingenuity. Miss Mitchell fore-
sees a time when someone will notice the com-
mercial possibilities of this form of art.
Fashionable portrait painters will do with pen
and ink what others do with paint. Lord
Edwin and Lady Angelina will walk into the
craftsman's study, armed with their love-
letters and particulars about the various per-
sons whom they refrained from marrying.
They will pay a substantial fee. and the
result will be an extremely complimentary
history of their lives.
There has been little new poetry, most of
the better poets being silent. Mr. Ezra Pound
has invented one more strange title for a
book: this time it is "Lustra." The most
interesting first book I have seen is "The
Hunter and other Poems" by W. J. Turner
(Sidgwick and Jackson). Mr. Turner, known
as an exhilarating music critic, is a young
man, and at present in the army. His imag-
ination is as exuberant as his humor. There
are only one or two perfectly satisfying lyrics
in his book. One of these is on the not easily
negotiable subject of Cotopaxi and Popo-
catepetl. The others contain a good many
obscurities and awkwardnesses due to haste
which, in his case, is ascribable to an excess of
vitality. But he has an original vision and
does not imitate, and he is worth watching.
Mr. Maurice Hewlett's epic on the English
agricultural laborer, "The Song of the Plow"
(Heinemann), has been a surprise to many
people. It seemed impossible that a man
could write a really readable long poem with
a thousand years of agrarian history as his
subject, and only a type as his hero. But the
six thousand lines are never dull, frequently
beautiful and occasionally amusing, especially
when the author belabors the backs of persons
he does not like, such as Henry VIII. and
James I. The verse-form is terza rima, and
monotony is skilfully avoided. All the impor-
tant details of poor-law legislation, history of
wages and so on, are audaciously sketched in
and the author concludes with an appeal for
economic independence for Hodge after the
war.
Messrs. Macmillan have included in their
"Golden Treasury Series" (in which no other
living author is represented) a selection from
the poems of Thomas Hardy. It is being
gradually realized that Hardy is, to say the
least, as important a poet as he is a novelist.
His earlier verse was sometimes ungainly, and
often gloomy to an almost ludicrous degree.
He told short-stories in verse in which all the
aces were put with such system into the hands
of malevolent Pate that one could not help
feeling that the characters were getting a far
worse time than they had any right to expect.
But with increasing age he has fallen more
and more back upon his own feelings; his
verse has become strangely musical, and some
of the lyrics done since his seventieth birth-
day, particularly those inspired by the death
of his wife, are amongst the most beautiful
poetry of his time. I know no contemporary
poem so moving as "The Ghost of the Past"
with its subtle yet simple music. It begins:
We two kept house, the Past and I,
The Past and I;
Through all my tasks it hovered nigh,
Leaving me never alone.
It was a spectral housekeeping
Where fell no jarring tone,
As strange, as still a housekeeping
As ever has been known.
That Mr. Hardy himself realizes the supe-
riority of his later work is shown by his —
for I presume it to be his own — selection. In
this new edition, I may add, many of the
poems are altered and improved.
Macmillans have brought out two new books
by Mr. Yeats: "Reveries over Childhood and
Youth" and "Responsibilities and other
Poems." Each of these books has already
appeared privately. I presume that they will
be published, or have already been published,
in America. "Reveries" has a most appro-
priate name. The whole book is, as it were,
crooned in a reminiscent monotone and the
language has the uniform, even tone of things
seen through a veil. Some passages throw a
good deal of light on Mr. Yeats's conception
of the nature and functions of poetry, and the
candor of the personal reflections is the can-
dor of a man talking to himself over a fire.
In one place Mr. Yeats recalls that' in the
fine frenzy of his youth he assumed a melan-
choly air "in memory of Hamlet," and was
in the habit of looking at the image of his tie
in shop windows, and deploring that it would
not keep properly ballooned like Byron's tie
in the picture. Most men have done that sort
of thing, and frank confession is rather a
modern habit; but that is just the kind of
hyper-private minor frailty that it takes a
really courageous man to admit to.
Two enormous volumes of Lafcadio Hearn,
"Interpretations of Literature" (Heinemann)
you have probably seen on your side. Critics
here have differed about them. Some com-
plain that it is an insult to Hearn's memory
to publish his explanations to Japanese
students that a thrush is a speckled bird and
a primrose a small yellow flower. To others
the insight into Heam 's method of interpret-
ing the West to the most alien race in the


1916]
569
THE DIAL
civilized world makes the volume well worth
having. Hearn's catholicity is certainly illus-
trated in the book. So is his independence
of judgment, which was no doubt assisted by
the fact that he was living remote from other
litterateurs and out of reach of the infections
of fashion. A really solid work of literary
criticism is "The English Drama in the Age
of Shakespeare," by W. Creizenach (Sidg-
wick and Jackson). This is a translation of
the first eight books of the fourth volume of
a "History of Modern Drama" by a former
professor of the University of Cracow. This
Pole's erudition is imposing. He knows the
obscurest crannies of Elizabethan literature,
and his book is admirable as a manual of facts
and respectable as a piece of sober critical
exposition.
Chatto and Windus have begun a collected
edition of the tales of Tchekov, who has hith-
erto appeared here in scattered volumes.
Duckworth's have issued a farewell book of
sketches by Mr. R. B. Cunninghame Grahame,
and the Oxford Press, a collection of Ballads
illustrating the history of Sir Robert Wal-
pole's administration, excellently edited by
an American scholar, Dr. Milton Percival.
The eighteenth century's political songs are
not so numerous or so good as those of the
seventeenth century, but they .are at least as
coarse and abusive, and they give a good idea
of what the man in the tavern thought of
Walpole- J. C. Squire.
London, December 3,1916.
CASUAL COMMENT.
Our debt to Professor Munsterberg, who
died suddenly the sixteenth of this month
while lecturing to a class of Radcliffe students,
is not inconsiderable. Among contemporary
psychologists it would be hard to find one
who had done more to advance the science to
which he was devoted. It is a far cry from
the "mental philosophy" of our grandfathers,
with its neat but arbitrary divisions and sub-
divisions of the mind, to the modern concep-
tion of the "stream of consciousness" and the
present-day methods of psychological exper-
iment and research; and these methods had
nowhere been more ingeniously elaborated or
more fruitfully applied than in the psycho-
logical laboratory established by this German
scientist at Harvard, where he had taught
since his call to Cambridge from Freiburg in
1892 at the age of twenty-nine. Born at
Dantzic, he was educated there and at the
universities of Leipsic and Heidelberg.
Among the more important of his many writ-
ings— by no means all on psychology — are
"Psychology and Life," "Grundziige der
Psychologie" (a second volume of which was
in preparation at the time of his death),
"American Traits," "The Americans," "Eter-
nal Life," "Principles of Art Education,"
"Science and Idealism," "On the Witness
Stand," "Psychotherapy," and "The Eternal
Values" (of which a German edition was also
issued). Peculiar and distinctive was his
work in applying the methods of the psycho-
logical laboratory to the solution of practical
problems of daily life. It is to the credit of
the university that called him to America that
small heed was paid to the recent clamor for
the dismissal of this German scholar and
writer.
• • •
The Newark prizes for poetry in praise
of that fair city, which has just brought to a
close the elaborate celebration of its two hun-
dred and fiftieth anniversary, have been
awarded; and the curious fact reveals itself
that not one of the thirteen prize-winners is
a Newarker. New York talent, in the person
of Mr. Clement Wood, captures the first prize,
of $250, and Mrs. Anna Blake Mezquida of
San Francisco wins the second, of $150. To
a Philadelphian, Mr. Albert E. Trombly, is
awarded the third, of $100, while the ten fifty-
dollar prizes go to five New Jersey compet-
itors, four in other states, and one in London.
This last, standing also last on the list, is
Mr. Ezra Pound, who heads his poem "To a
City Sending Him Advertisements." Mr.
Wood's is entitled "The Smithy of God."
Excepting Mr. Pound, no name of wide note
appears among the thirteen. Spirits are not
finely touched but to fine issues, and a bustling
manufacturing city, with no great historic
or romantic background, can make only feeble
appeal to the Longfellows and Tennysons of
our age — if we have any such. Yet there is
no reason to doubt that the successsful com-
petitors have done full justice to their pre-
scribed theme.
War as a stimulant to poetry has
brought some agreeable surprises in its train
of desolation and horror. Not merely has a
poet here and there been moved to sing in
martial strain, but something like a flood of
verse — good, bad, and indifferent, it is true,
but always striving for some measure of
poetic excellence—seems to have been let loose
with the dogs of war. More volumes of verse
are coming from the press than ever before,
and new periodicals devoted to poetry are
springing up with astonishing frequency.


570
[December 28
THE DIAL
Last May "The Poetry Review" made its
appearance at Cambridge, Mass. "The
Poetry Journal" vies with it in friendly
rivalry on the other side of the Charles River,
in Boston. Chicago not long ago started its
"Poetry: A Magazine of Verse," and Phil-
adelphia is the home of another similar recent
publication, "Contemporary Verse." At
Alton, Illinois, "The Ajax," chiefly devoted
to verse, came out in its initial number last
month. A further sign of the times may be
read in the recent award by Yale University
of the Howland Memorial Prize for belles-
lettres to the late Rupert Brooke's sonnets.
In England the vogue of verse is almost
unprecedented. "In spite of every prophecy
to the contrary," says Mr. Walter de la Mare,
who is here to receive and convey to Brooke's
mother the above-mentioned prize, "the war
seems to have made poetry more popular in
England than ever before. I judge that
partly by the increase in the number of books
of verse which pass before me for review.
Anthologies from the universities; anthol-
ogies sold as chap books; anthologies on the
war; anthologies of the poetry of the year —
it's surprising how many have been published
in England during the past year, and how
well they have sold." Despite the number of
verse-writers sacrificed to the god of war in
both England and Prance, the spirit of poetry
is by no means dead in either of those stricken
countries.
Glorification op periodical literature
could not go much further than Mr. Hamilton
Holt has carried it in an article contributed
to "Louisiana School Work." He says that
"our educators are at last beginning to recog-
nize that the greater part of the reading now-
adays both for pleasure and for profit is in
papers and periodicals rather than books."
Also: "The fact is that the living literature
of to-day is in the form of pamphlets, period-
icals, reprints and clippings. 'A bound
volume,' as has been said, 'is an emeritus
work, and when the author comes out in sets
lie is on the road to oblivion.'" Still further:
"In fact, it has been said that a man's intel-
lectual interests may be measured by the ratio
of unbound to bound volumes in his working
library. The more durable the binding, the
less useful the book." And finally: "The
study of the magazine, then, supplemented by
text-books and newspaper clippings, seems
destined to be the next forward step in Amer-
ican education." This magnification of the
magazine is but natural on the part of one
in Mr. Holt's position. If an editor does not
believe in the product of his daily toil, who
will? But some of his remarks in praise of
current periodical reading matter as calcu-
lated to improve the reader's literary style
(this commendation, however, is rather in the
form of testimony from others than in that
of independent assertion) should be taken
with reservations. "Whoever wishes to attain
an English style, familiar but not coarse, and
elegant but not ostentatious," can do better
than to give his days and nights to magazines
and newspapers.
Out op the depths the librarian of Wil-
liamsport's public library (its corporate name
is the James V. Brown Library) lifts up his
voice. In his yearly report to the board of
trustees, he begins: "De Propundis. The
European cataclysm has affected the intellect-
ual life of Williamsport as profoundly as it
has influenced that of other American cities.
Added to the deterrent to reading of a wide-
spread, grim determination to hold unaltered
views arrived at during the early stages of
the conflict, the flood of business has per-
mitted the people less time for study than in
the past. Both moral discontent and mental
feverishness have disarranged long-standing
mental habits. Magazines and newspapers
have been devoured with febrile eagerness,
while statelier books of travel have been impa-
tiently rejected." In the changes thus wrought
in mental habits and literary tastes this ob-
server notes one "great outstanding fact"—
namely, "the emergence of a growing demand
for the recognition of the absolute necessity of
idealism, whether it be clothed in the visions
of the pacifists, in the logic of the preachers of
preparedness, or in the lofty phrases of the
apostles of patriotism. To the realization of
this ideal the public library is possibly better
able to contribute than any other agency."
Brave words, these last, contrasting sharply
with the less hopeful utterance lately quoted
in these columns from another eminent mem-
ber of the writer's profession in an adjoining
state.
Prom an inquiring correspondent, who
frankly calls herself "intensely inquisitive,"
comes a set of questions having perhaps more
than private and personal interest. Relieved
of irrelevant idiosyncrasies on the part of the
typewriter, these questions are as follows:
"What, in its strictest sense, is the meaning
of a writer's license? Has any writer a right
to live his or her 'nom-de-plume'? How is
one able to have a book published without his
or her real identity becoming known, other-
wise? Wherein lies the difference between liv-
ing under an assumed name and under a pen


1916]
571
THE DIAL
name? Will the fact that one is following
the writer's profession protect him so long
as he lives an honest, upright life, and in no
way violates the law otherwise? If it is true
that Jack London took part in the rebellion
against the Mexican Government for the sake
of gaining experiences for literary purposes,
can it be justified under a writer's license
under the strictest interpretation of inter-
national law? Has there ever been a case in
the courts where, in a prosecution for using
an assumed name, the plea of writer's license
and pseudonym was used? Can you give
citations?" In brief reply, so far as these
inquiries seem to merit serious reply, it may
safely be said that writer's license, like poetic
license, has no application outside of literary
art. If one's publisher is discreet and honor-
able, there ought to be no difficulty about con-
cealing one's identity as author. Obviously,
no "writer's license" is needed to protect a
person innocent of wrong-doing, and no such
license will shield him from punishment for
lawlessness. No such cases as the inquirer
refers to are known to the present writer.
• • •
An overworked word, overworked in writ-
ing and far more so in speech, is the verb
"say," especially in the third person singular
of its past tense. All sorts of devices are
adopted by practised writers to avoid too
frequent repetition of "said." Many of the
fairly acceptable substitutes are familiar
enough, such as "murmured," "sighed,"
"groaned," "gasped," "exclaimed," "cried,"
"retorted," "replied," "declared," "as-
serted," and so on. The list of suitable
synonyms and semi-equivalents is long enough
to satisfy any reasonable person, so that there
is little excuse for resorting to such unsatis-
factory substitutes as "smiled," "laughed,"
"frowned," "scowled," "shuddered," and
other terms that do not express or even imply
articulate utterance. A little study of the
words used, or capable of being used, in place
of the overworked "said" has been made by
"The Writer." It is a comprehensive list,
suitability being sacrificed to inclusiveness, so
that it need cause little surprise to learn that
there are no fewer than three hundred and
eighty-five verbs that might be pressed into
service by a not over-scrupulous searcher for
variations upon the monosyllabic "said."
From "acceded" to "yowled" there is a wide
range of choice; but why, after all, make
such a bugaboo of repetition in this instance?
As reasonably might we alternate the use of
knives and forks with chisels and chopsticks.
Expert bibliopoly is now taught at the
New York Booksellers' School under the direc-
tion of Mr. B. W. Huebsch. The director's
name is significant: it reminds one that it is
in Germany that bookselling, like so many
other activities, has been raised almost to the
rank of a fine art. At Leipzig in 1853 the
Booksellers' Training School, the first insti-
tution of its kind, was started with sixty-four
pupils, a number that in sixty years increased
to four hundred and thirty. The book trade
supported the school most handsomely, con-
tributing more than fifty thousand marks in
the year before the war. What has happened
since is obscured by battle smoke. The New
York school is of much later origin —1915,
we believe. Its coming term will comprise
twenty sessions of two hours each, and will
be divided into two semesters, with the busy
Christmas season separating them. Lecturers
both of academic equipment and of business
experience will give instruction in such sub-
jects as the history of bookselling, the use of
the bibliographic tools of the trade, the details
of book manufacture, types of book-buyers,
the psychology of the book-buyer, when to
talk to a customer and when to refrain, how
to show a book, how to sell a book to a cus-
tomer, how to sell him another, the art of
book-display in shop and in window, and
other like practical matters — all for a modest
fee of ten dollars.
Enlivenments to library routine come
in various forms. The writer of this recalls
a number of such departures from the ordi-
nary course — among them a bold but unsuc-
cessful attempt to rob the cash drawer, where
accumulated fines and other moneys excited
the injudicious greed of a professional bur-
glar. But the primary purpose of this para-
graph is to invite the reader to enjoy a brief
passage from Mr. Clement W. Andrews's
recent Report of the John Crerar Library. In
pleasing variation from the statistical and
other sober records of that pamphlet, we
read: "The Librarian's correspondence not
infrequently contains proofs of the gratitude
of readers for help given them by the Library,
in many cases accompanying gifts of their
publications or offers of special prices on
them; but it may be doubted if this feeling
has actually become so intense as to lead them
to personify the institution, even though one
correspondent did address 'Dr. John Crerar
Library — My dear Dr. Library.'"


572
[December 28
THE DIAL
COMMUNICATIONS:
VERSE — FREE OR CONFINED!
(To the Editor of The Dial.)
To answer in detail the criticisms of my article
on "Poetry and Other Things" in your August 15
number would be a waste of time. A single sen-
tence of mine may have been misleading, though
I thought it clear enough in its connection.
Speaking of the highly artificial form of the son-
net I said: "It is a dull ear nevertheless that
does not find an increase of beauty in this com-
plexity as a matter of sound or music." I did not
say that complexity in itself is beautiful or that
beauty increases with the degree of complexity.
Neither did I say anything of the content of the
sonnet, which, in most cases, is a matter of sound
only.
But by what perverse ingenuity do they attrib-
ute to me the opinion that "metrical rhymed verse
is the only form proper to poetry," or that poetry
is found only "in rhymed stanza form f I
expressly mentioned blank verse as the easiest
poetic form. Other things being equal, rhymed
verse is superior to the unrhymed, certainly as a
matter of music, which is largely the excuse for
poetry at all. So alluring is it that it often con-
ceals the most commonplace thought. Most people
as well as poets "love that beauty should go
beautifully."
The only criticism which goes to the heart of the
matter is that of Mr. Dolch, who thinks my
psychology wrong. That it is correct up to a
recent date he concedes, but in our day with the
vast amount of reading we must hurry through,
"the eye fairly flits along the lines, picking up the
meaning without hardly becoming conscious of the
words in which it is expressed. Such a reader
(an educated person) reads for the thought and
feeling content, not for the artistry of expres-
sion." If this is true, it is an excellent reason
for doing away with free verse, as well as the
regular forms, since prose is so much the better
medium for conveying the thought and feeling
content. Perhaps I am not an educated person
but I am conscious of the words in the most rapid
prose reading, and I read poetry mainly for the
artistry of expression, not for information. There
is some art in free verse, he thinks, for the division
of lines is made so as to "cause his idea to strike
home with the maximum emotional effect. Why?
And if rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, beautiful and
beautifully ordered words add to the emotional
effect, why not employ all the elements that make
for beauty and read slowly enough to enjoy themT
Moreover his principle would apply to prose as
well as free verse —■ to the great advantage of the
space writer.
To Mr. Fletcher's question whether the extract
from "Antony and Cleopatra" is prose or poetry,
it is enough to say that there is no change of
poetic form. Read aloud or spoken the listener
would know no difference between Shakespeare's
division of lines and his. The rhythm, the imagery,
the allusions, the entire content as well as form
is unchanged. In turn I will ask him whether
Butcher and Lang's translation of the "Odyssey"
and the "Modern Header's Chaucer" are poetry.
Of the first, the translators, after noting the
shortcomings of various verse-renderings, say:
"It is for this reason that we have attempted to
tell once more in simple prose the story of
Odysseus." Did they succeedT In the other, they
have tried to give the real Chaucer "and nothing
else, so far as Chaucer can be found in modern
English prose." It will not be questioned, I sup-
pose, that Homer and Chaucer were poets and
their work poetry. What became of it? If it is
found in the thought and feeling content only
then these are not prose translations, since nothing
has been changed but the form. And has it
escaped the notice of Mr. Fletcher that prose also
has a formf
With Miss Lowell's contention that the bines are
part of the symbol "and quickly give the rhythm
to a trained eye," I wholly disagree. The division
of lines may aid the eye in noting the phrase or
clause, but this would be just as true of prose as
free verse. It would be equally true to say that
"double leading" helps to give the rhythm. On
her theory, moreover, free verse is built on
cadence, not rhythm. Lines are symbols of noth-
ing at all except the printer's convenience. Mani-
festly they are not sound-symbols as letters are.
These, combined in words, give us the long and
short, or accented and unaccented, syllables on
which rhythm depends. When we speak of prose
rhythm, we mean something entirely different,
which ought to be distinguished by a different
term.
As a matter of fact, the vers librist does not
divide his lines on cadence or any regular prin-
ciple. They consist of a single syllable or a
handful of words according to individual whim.
It is free but it is not verse except in some per-
verted meaning of the term.
There is nothing in the content of poetry which
may not be found, perhaps not in equal degree, in
prose. Its emotional urge is due largely to its
music, due not to length of Une but structure.
Good poetry requires a noble content as well as
perfection of form, and this is equally true of
prose. Rhythm is, however, the characteristic
feature of the one and its absence of the other.
H. E. Warheb.
Grafton, Mass., December 8, 1916.
As a sequel to "The Unity of Western Civiliza-
tion," the Oxford University Press is soon to pub-
lish a volume of essays, entitled "Progress and
History," arranged and edited by Mr. F. S.
Marvin. The essays attempt to show the per-
manent unifying factors which hold western civili-
zation together, despite the war. They were given
originally as lectures at the Woodbrooke Settle-
ment, Birmingham, England. In addition to the
editor, other lecturers were Baron Friedrich von
Hogel, Professor J. A. Smith, R. R. Marett, and
the Rev. A. J. Carlyle.


1916]
573
THE DIAL
Stye ^eia ^ooks.
o. IIenry: A contemporary Classic*
There is something of peculiar appropriate-
ness in the circumstance that the first biog-
raphy of 0. Henry is the work of the Edgar
Allan Poe Professor of English in a South-
ern university. Poe is a name closely asso-
ciated with literature in the South, and in
particular with the University of Virginia.
0. Henry is likewise associated with the
South, and in particular with Greensboro,
North Carolina, his birthplace. Yet neither
was sectional in outlook or local in attach-
ment. The one was exotic in spirit, eclectic
in taste, international rather than national in
quality; constructive genius in technique
alone associates him with his native land.
The other was essentially American in spirit,
catholic in taste, geographically local and
warmly human in quality; everything but
constructive genius in technique associates
him with his native land. Yet each was a
marvellous creator of types and of species;
each a genius in the technique of his art.
Each made a permanent enlargement of our
conception of the possibilities of literature.
Each made a definite and remarkable contri-
bution to world literature.
The curiously entitled volume, which has so
long been expected, is the work of a lifelong
friend of Will Porter and an unstinted admirer
of O. Henry, Professor Smith, of the Univer-
sity of Virginia, a native of Greensboro.
Much of the drudgery incident to any con-
siderable work of biography was spared the
biographer in the present instance, through
the indefatigable researches of the late Harry
Peyton Steger, a most enthusiastic 0. Henry-
ite. The author acknowledges his chief
indebtedness to Mr. Arthur W. Page, who
not. only placed all the material collected by
Mr. Steger at Professor Smith's disposal, but
greatly facilitated any biographer's task
through a valuable series of articles on 0.
Henry which he published in the "Bookman."
Even with all this material ready to hand,
Professor Smith, prompted by enthusiasm for
the subject, made extended researches on his
own account, covering a period of several
years. The result is a work of rare charm
and moving interest, a happy mean between
the biographical and the critical study. The
style, virile and trenchant, not too literary
to shun the colloquial or too impartial to veil
enthusiasm, is a genuine index of the author.
• An O. Henry Biography. By C. Alphonso Smith.
Garden City: Doublcday. Page & Co. S2.60.
It is very difficult at this moment to form
an estimate of the value of the best work of
0. Henry. Only a year ago, Professor Pattee
in his "American Literature since 1870"
incautiously ventured the unmodified state-
ment that Richard Harding Davis, along with
O. Henry and others, "debauched the short
story and made it the mere thing of a day, a
bit of journalism to be thrown aside with the
paper that contained it." And specifically he
says: "0. Henry with his methods helped
greatly to devitalize and cheapen it. With
him the short story became fictional vaude-
ville. Everywhere a straining for effect, a
search for the piquant and the startling. He
is theatric, stagy, smart, ultra-modern. . .
He is flippant, insincere, with an eye to the
last sentence which must startle the reader
until he gasps. After 0. Henry the swift
decline of the short story, the inclusion of it
in correspondence courses, and the reign of
machine-made art." Only a few months ago,
the author of "Vain Oblations," whose mor-
bidezza and New England strain are so pro-
nouncedly felt in her own spectacular stories,
asserted that it is "pernicious to spread the
idea that O. Henry is a master of the short
story," and rashly ventured the unqualified
dictum: "0. Henry did not write the short
story. 0. Henry wrote the expanded anec-
dote." Over against such destructive dicta,
professionally ineonoclastic, must be set the
remarkable series of tributes, not unfamiliar
to the American reading public, from many
quarters, which Professor Smith catalogues
in his business-like chapter, entitled "Vogue."
In view of the inordinately large sales of the
works of certain other contemporary Amer-
ican authors, which are conspicuously defi-
cient in literary excellence, no great
significance attaches to the fact of the
enormous sales of sets of O. Henry's works.
The most impressive tribute to the effect, of
the genius of 0. Henry upon his contempo-
raries was the tribute paid to his memory by
his admirers in all parts of the United States
so soon after his death. The contributions for
this memorial, which was erected in the
capital of his native state, expressed not less
the admiration of his American fellow-crafts-
men for the art and technique of 0. Henry,
the writer, than the affection felt by his
friends for William Sidney Porter, the man.
The volume before us embodies a group of
distinctive and notable features. The opening
note in the symphony, let us say, arrests atten-
tion; the prelude—"The Life and the Story"
— is a remarkable instance of critical divina-
tion. Owing to the startling nature of the
disclosures set forth in chapter six,— disclo-


--- THE DIAL
[December 28
-ºr- - ---a rººm ºr subterranean eur-
*** -e ºr smººt tº real students of
**-es- - - - -nºr ºf the newspaper re-
--- ºwe -ºs- istorted the perspec-
--- * * * * >s-g these revelations
is sº- - sºmeº ->ewspaper scoop.”
>~ * * =riºs -ºrary qualities of the
se--- sº- ºr sise fally commensurate
º == ~stºne mºtºriety attaching to
-- iss--- *sus ºf ºs features of morbid
-e-a- ºr-s. Assy, the reviews are
*... sº - “ -- a healthier appreciation
- se ---s -- ºne wºrk as a whole. No
- - - - - - --- s. sº survey the work in its
… --> → ~ *-* tº attention as just
--~~~aºtº- -
> -º- sº rote that the chapter, in
... sº tº ºr sses perhaps the liveliest
s , mºst so" with the most
- ~ **** -
----sº as ess, s the chapter entitled
ºv. ... * * *s, * This chapter is not an
… . . . we siegraphy of Will Porter:
J - ... … appreviation of the mental
u... use and apºstments of a literary
is...v sºvºi º wº Porter and fantas-
... y ...ºu.ua.eu º Henry.” It might
ºw ºssº sparately as an essay on the
... … sº ºus of Q, thenry. From the
Jºa, e, perspective, it is not wide
cº-sa a ts survey we do not see all of
o, is asy, but only the part that Professor
sºa º ºvula y relishes. In a word, the
…tº sºns auts of his art-the excessive
* - vans, the smart-aleckisms which bear
… ...ºu usuaua, of the fifteen-cent magazine,
as ºvy anecdotal side of not a few of the
sº the plays on words, sometimes sin-
sº..... y çiever, which not infrequently degen-
º, a J ºnto rather inexpensive jocularity, the
ºvu.tx.us timal surprises which completely
subvent the reader's position and mockingly
have huu thus topsy-turvy, these and other
faults are ignored. As a sort of “golden
uwasury" of 0. Henry's best things, it is
alumable; a comparison between Irving,
lºw, blaw thorne, and O, Henry, which con-
cludes the chapter, is a notable illustration of
Professor Smith's powers in criticism. Per-
ºnally, 1 feel that the stories contained in
“The (lentle (trafter” and “Heart of the
West," and the peculiar qualities they possess,
have met with something not unlike neglect
at Professor Smith's hands.
The attention accorded to the chapter, “The
shallowed Years,” is due in no small degree
to the lubiety aroused in the reader's mind
in regard to Porter's guilt or innocence. My
rviend, the able lawyer, tells me that, from the
standpoint of evidence, the biographer does
not clear Porter: his flight savors of guilt
rather than innocence; his lavish habitual
generosity well accords with appropriation
of small funds; his furtiveness of look in
entering public places bears the mark of one
who has sometime gone wrong. Strangest of
all, most inexplicable of all, is his failure to
defend himself, his listlessness in the face of
the grave charge of embezzlement of funds.
The last fact arouses the suspicion, in my own
mind, that Porter was innocent, and gives
point to the long-familiar rumor that in keep-
ing silent and waiving defence he was really
shielding someone else. A very close student
of Porter's Texas life tells me that a minute
examination of the evidence of the trial has
convinced him that Porter was guilty; another,
who knew Porter intimately, assures me that
Porter was utterly incapable of committing
the crime with which he was charged. What-
ever be the truth, and the man's personality
and character alike cry aloud his innocence,
— certain it is that his biographer has
defended, with a true chivalric spirit, the
memory of his friend. And further, we may
say that the moral purgation of the prison
life has so effectively demonstrated itself to
the biographer's mind that this idea of regen-
eration links up and gives definite character
to the book, from chapter to chapter, from
prelude to finale.
In disproof of the statement that O. Henry
had no vital associations with North Carolina,
let me say that I published a memorial essay
in connection with the erection of the national
memorial in Raleigh, in 1914, setting forth
in detail certain facts in the case. Somewhat
later, I published a letter in “The Nation”
(January 14, 1915) dealing with the same
subject. It has been treated fully in chapter
four of the present volume, “Birthplace and
Early Years.” It is the story of Porter's life
in the town of Greensboro, where he and
Smith grew up as boys together. Professor
Smith, with the loving touch of reminiscence
and the skilled pen of the mature critic, has
placed O. Henry in his native environment as
a jeweller places the sparkling gem in its true
setting. Professor Smith has forever fixed
this “somnolent little Southern town” upon
the literary map of America. This was as
truly “W. S. Porter land” as certain sections
of New York City are now termed “O. Henry
land.” The metropolitan writers have hith-
erto “placed” the great short-story writer,
O. Henry, in his “Little Bagdad on the
Subway.” Professor Smith has now “placed”
William Sidney Porter upon his native heath.
Greensboro and New York — Alpha and
Omega.
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.


1916]
575
THE DIAL
AFRICA AND THE GREAT WAR."
Out of the host of books that have emerged
to throw, each in a different way, some light
on the causes of the Great War, this by Dr.
Gibbons stands alone, and is unlikely to be
eclipsed unless Dr. Gibbons himself should
write another to surpass it. There is prob-
ably no man better qualified to take a broad
and comprehensive view of this vast subject.
In compressing within a book of five hundred
pages the diplomatic story of the plundering
of Africa since 1899, he has attempted some-
thing new and has accomplished what many
a bold writer would have thought impossible.
For this is a readable book, as well as a store-
house of forgotten facts and necessary infor-
mation that lead one as by a row of lights to
understanding.
From first to last the reader will be
absorbed. After turning the last page many
a man will order every other work by the same
writer, for that is the compelling nature of
Dr. Gibbons's pen. But whatever the polit-
ical or national convictions of the reader
chance to be, let him make ready to abandon
one after another while he reads; because
Dr. Gibbons has so marshalled indubitable
facts as to disperse the ignorance befogging
the minds of many of us. He leaves us finally
without any confidence at all in the truthful-
ness or good intentions of the recognized
vendors of international news, but with a
greater faith in the peoples of the earth, as
distinguished from their leaders.
The book is not without faults, some due to
haste that are likely to be corrected in the
next edition. One hardly expects from Dr.
Gibbons such “howlers” as the old familiar
“whom are” and “whom were”; yet there
they stand on pages 423 and 471 respectively.
Neither is there any obvious reason why a
scholar with his command of lucid literary
English should descend to such phrases as “on
the outs with.”
Dr. Gibbons's acquaintance with Africa is
vast, but it is not difficult at times to distin-
guish between those parts of it in which he
has dwelt and whose high officials are his
friends, and those other colonies that he has
studied with no ordinary grasp and vision
but nevertheless from a distance. For
instance, they are not P. & O. Steamers, but
B. I. that call at East African ports. He
confuses the words Uganda and Baganda, in
ignorance of the fact that Uganda is a
country where a Baganda dwells, and that a
Baganda is one of many Waganda, who talk
* THE New MAP or AFRICA, 1900-1916. By Herbert Adams
Gibbons. New York: Century Co. $2
Luganda. And it is likely to confuse the
uninitiated when, by a slip on page 211, he
puts Uganda and Abyssinia on the West
Coast.
There are errors of judgment, too. He
omits consideration of the influence of women
on the politics and future of South Africa, -
a strange omission when one remembers that
almost the entire Boer intelligence depart-
ment was of the fair sex during the greater
part of the Boer War, and he fails to
reckon with the extent to which fusion of the
races must depend on wearing down feminine
conservatism. One might wish, too, that he
had dwelt at greater length on the missionary
influence (so largely international) that has
such weighty effect on “home” opinion. He
makes the statement that “Denominational-
ism in missionary propaganda is criminal
folly”; and most of the world is about ready
to agree with him so far; but Dr. Gibbons
surely could go further and it is pity that he
refrains.
There is too much Winston Churchill in the
book—not very much, but too much. Mr.
Churchill's opinions have been proved worth-
less so often, and his trip to East Africa was
of such short duration, that to cite him as an
authority causes irritation. In fact, on page
296, Dr. Gibbons is at pains to show the van-
ity of Mr. Churchill's prophecies, thus arous-
ing wonder why Churchill was dragged in.
Here and there expressions of opinion will
not pass unchallenged. But on the whole
there are very few faults to cavil at.
Dr. Gibbons stoutly denies any tendency to
pro-Germanism, and in fact if he shows any
favoritism, it is toward those British officials
of the upper class on whose disinterested ser-
vices the empire has been built. It is possible
that close personal friendships and admira-
tion for honesty of purpose may have blinded
him a little to a few besetting sins. He makes
no secret of his belief that British Crown
Colonies are likely to suffer in the future from
scarcity of such men, so many of whom
were slaughtered in the early stages of the
War.
So far as laxity of administration in the
early days and harshness of present rule goes,
he spares Germany much that might be told
against her. He absolves the Germans alto-
gether from plotting for revolution in South
Africa, and gives them full credit for their
sportsman-like defence in the Kamerun and
East Africa. He finds them worthy of all
praise in Togoland, and not too badly to be
blamed in other parts. Wherein they are
guilty is that they attempted, rather too late
in the day in Africa, what all the other


572 THE
DIAL [December 28
COMMUNICATIONS:
VERSE – FREE OR CONFINED!
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
To answer in detail the criticisms of my article
on “Poetry and Other Things” in your August 15
number would be a waste of time. A single sen-
tence of mine may have been misleading, though
I thought it clear enough in its connection.
Speaking of the highly artificial form of the son-
met I said: “It is a dull ear nevertheless that
does not find an increase of beauty in this com-
plexity as a matter of sound or music.” I did not
say that complexity in itself is beautiful or that
beauty increases with the degree of complexity.
Neither did I say anything of the content of the
sonnet, which, in most cases, is a matter of sound
only.
But by what perverse ingenuity do they attrib-
ute to me the opinion that “metrical rhymed verse
is the only form proper to poetry,” or that pºetry
is found only “in rhymed stanza form”? I
expressly mentioned blank verse as the easiest
poetic form. Other things being equal, rhymed
verse is superior to the unrhymed, certainly as a
matter of music, which is largely the excuse for
poetry at all. So alluring is it that it often con-
ceals the most commonplace thought. Most people
as well as poets “love that beauty should go
beautifully."
The only criticism which goes to the heart of the
matter is that of Mr. Dolch, who thinks my
psychology wrong. That it is correct up to a
recent date he concedes, but in our day with the
vast amount of reading we must hurry through,
“the eye fairly flits along the lines, picking up the
meaning without hardly becoming conscious of the
words in which it is expressed. Such a reader
(an educated person) reads for the thought and
feeling content, not for the artistry of expres-
sion.” If this is true, it is an excellent reason
for doing away with free verse, as well as the
regular forms, since prose is so much the better
medium for conveying the thought and feeling
content. Perhaps I am not an educated person
but I am conscious of the words in the most rapid
prose reading, and I read poetry mainly for the
artistry of expression, not for information. There
is some art in free verse, he thinks, for the division
of lines is made so as to “cause his idea to strike
home with the maximum emotional effect. Why?
And if rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, beautiful and
beautifully ordered words add to the emotional
effect, why not employ all the elements that make
for beauty and read slowly enough to enjoy them?
Moreover his principle would apply to prose as
well as free verse — to the great advantage of the
space writer.
To Mr. Fletcher's question whether the extract
from “Antony and Cleopatra” is prose or poetry,
it is enough to say that there is no change of
poetic form. Read aloud or spoken the listener
would know no difference between Shakespeare's
division of lines and his. The rhythm, the imagery,
the allusions, the entire content as well as form
is unchanged. In turn I will ask him whether
Butcher and Lang's translation of the “Odyssey”
and the “Modern Reader's Chaucer" are poetry.
Of the first, the translators, after noting the
shortcomings of various verse-renderings, say:
“It is for this reason that we have attempted to
tell once more in simple prose the story of
Odysseus.” Did they succeed? In the other, they
have tried to give the real Chaucer “and nothing
else, so far as Chaucer can be found in modern
English prose.” It will not be questioned, I sup-
pose, that Homer and Chaucer were poets and
their work poetry. What became of it? If it is
found in the thought and feeling content only
then these are not prose translations, since nothing
has been changed but the form. And has it
escaped the notice of Mr. Fletcher that prose also
has a form?
With Miss Lowell's contention that the lines are
part of the symbol “and quickly give the rhythm
to a trained eye,” I wholly disagree. The division
of lines may aid the eye in noting the phrase or
clause, but this would be just as true of prose as
free verse. It would be equally true to say that
“double leading” helps to give the rhythm. On
her theory, moreover, free verse is built on
cadence, not rhythm. Lines are symbols of noth-
ing at all except the printer's convenience. Mani-
festly they are not sound-symbols as letters are.
These, combined in words, give us the long and
short, or accented and unaccented, syllables on
which rhythm depends. When we speak of prose
rhythm, we mean something entirely different,
which ought to be distinguished by a different
term.
As a matter of fact, the vers librist does not
divide his lines on cadence or any regular prin-
ciple. They consist of a single syllable or a
handful of words according to individual whim.
It is free but it is not verse except in some per-
verted meaning of the term.
There is nothing in the content of poetry which
may not be found, perhaps not in equal degree, in
prose. Its emotional urge is due largely to its
music, due not to length of line but structure.
Good poetry requires a noble content as well as
perfection of form, and this is equally true of
prose. Rhythm is, however, the characteristic
feature of the one and its absence of the other.
H. E. WARNER.
Grafton, Mass., December 8, 1916.
As a sequel to “The Unity of Western Civiliza-
tion,” the Oxford University Press is soon to pub-
lish a volume of essays, entitled “Progress and
History,” arranged and edited by Mr. F. S.
Marvin. The essays attempt to show the per-
manent unifying factors which hold western civili-
zation together, despite the war. They were given
originally as lectures at the Woodbrooke Settle-
ment, Birmingham, England. In addition to the
editor, other lecturers were Baron Friedrich von
Högel, Professor J. A. Smith, R. R. Marett, and
the Rev. A. J. Carlyle.
L-


1916]
573
THE DIAL
(IHe 3Neſa $ooks.
O. HENRY: A CONTEMPORARY CLASSIC."
There is something of peculiar appropriate-
ness in the circumstance that the first biog-
raphy of O. Henry is the work of the Edgar
Allan Poe Professor of English in a South-
ern university. Poe is a name closely asso-
ciated with literature in the South, and in
particular with the University of Virginia.
O. Henry is likewise associated with the
South, and in particular with Greensboro,
North Carolina, his birthplace. Yet neither
was sectional in outlook or local in attach-
ment. The one was exotic in spirit, eclectic
in taste, international rather than national in
quality; constructive genius in technique
alone associates him with his native land.
The other was essentially American in spirit,
catholic in taste, geographically local and
warmly human in quality; everything but
constructive genius in technique associates
him with his native land. Yet each was a
marvellous creator of types and of species;
each a genius in the technique of his art.
Each made a permanent enlargement of our
conception of the possibilities of literature.
Each made a definite and remarkable contri-
bution to world literature.
The curiously entitled volume, which has so
long been expected, is the work of a lifelong
friend of Will Porter and an unstinted admirer
of O. Henry, Professor Smith, of the Univer-
sity of Virginia, a native of Greensboro.
Much of the drudgery incident to any con-
siderable work of biography was spared the
biographer in the present instance, through
the indefatigable researches of the late Harry
Peyton Steger, a most enthusiastic O. Henry-
ite. The author acknowledges his chief
indebtedness to Mr. Arthur W. Page, who
not only placed all the material collected by
Mr. Steger at Professor Smith's disposal, but
greatly facilitated any biographer's task
through a valuable series of articles on O.
Henry which he published in the “Bookman.”
Even with all this material ready to hand,
Professor Smith, prompted by enthusiasm for
the subject, made extended researches on his
own account, covering a period of several
years. The result is a work of rare charm
and moving interest, a happy mean between
the biographical and the critical study. The
style, virile and trenchant, not too literary
to shun the colloquial or too impartial to veil
enthusiasm, is a genuine index of the author.
- An O.
HENRY BIOGRAPHY. By C. Alphonso Smith.
Garden City: 0.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $2.5
It is very difficult at this moment to form
an estimate of the value of the best work of
O. Henry. Only a year ago, Professor Pattee
in his “American Literature since 1870”
incautiously ventured the unmodified state-
ment that Richard Harding Davis, along with
O. Henry and others, “debauched the short
story and made it the mere thing of a day, a
bit of journalism to be thrown aside with the
paper that contained it.” And specifically he
says: “O. Henry with his methods helped
greatly to devitalize and cheapen it. With
him the short story became fictional vaude-
ville. Everywhere a straining for effect, a
search for the piquant and the startling. He
is theatric, stagy, smart, ultra-modern.
He is flippant, insincere, with an eye to the
last sentence which must startle the reader
until he gasps. After O. Henry the swift
decline of the short story, the inclusion of it
in correspondence courses, and the reign of
machine-made art.” Only a few months ago,
the author of “Wain Oblations,” whose mor-
bidezza and New England strain are so pro-
nouncedly felt in her own spectacular stories,
asserted that it is “pernicious to spread the
idea that O. Henry is a master of the short
story,” and rashly ventured the unqualified
dictum: “O. Henry did not write the short
story. O. Henry wrote the expanded anec-
dote.” Over against such destructive dicta,
professionally inconoclastic, must be set the
remarkable series of tributes, not unfamiliar
to the American reading public, from many
quarters, which Professor Smith catalogues
in his business-like chapter, entitled “Vogue.”
In view of the inordinately large sales of the
works of certain other contemporary Amer-
ican authors, which are conspicuously defi-
cient in literary excellence, no great
significance attaches to the fact of the
enormous sales of sets of O. Henry's works.
The most impressive tribute to the effect of
the genius of O. Henry upon his contempo-
raries was the tribute paid to his memory by
his admirers in all parts of the United States
so soon after his death. The contributions for
this memorial, which was erected in the
capital of his native state, expressed not less
the admiration of his American fellow-crafts-
men for the art and technique of O. Henry,
the writer, than the affection felt by his
friends for William Sidney Porter, the man.
The volume before us embodies a group of
distinctive and notable features. The opening
note in the symphony, let us say, arrests atten-
tion; the prelude—“The Life and the Story”
— is a remarkable instance of critical divina-
tion. Owing to the startling nature of the
| disclosures set forth in chapter six,− disclo-


574
[December 28
THE DIAL
__-
sures hitherto given only subterranean cur-
rency, yet long known to real students of
Porter's life, many of the newspaper re-
viewers have grievously distorted the perspec-
tive of the book by treating these revelations
as a sort of superb “newspaper scoop.”
Surely the admirable literary qualities of the
ehapter deserve praise fully commensurate
with the regrettable notoriety attaching to
the chapter because of its features of morbid
popular interest. Already, the reviews are
beginning to exhibit a healthier appreciation
of the merits of the work as a whole. No
review which fails to survey the work in its
entirety can lay claim to attention as just
eonsideration.
It is worthy of note that the chapter in
which the author takes perhaps the liveliest
relish and “lets himself go” with the most
refreshing zest, is the chapter entitled
“Favourite Themes.” This chapter is not an
integral part of the biography of Will Porter:
it is a critical appreciation of the mental
furniture and appointments of a literary
figure invented by Will Porter and fantas-
tically denominated “0. Henry.” It might
be published separately as an essay on the
art and genius of O. Henry. From the
standpoint of perspective, it is not wide
enough in its survey; we do not see all of
0. Henry, but only the part that Professor
Smith partieularly relishes. In a word, the
many glaring faults of his art, the excessive
ºrse of sang, the smart-aleckisms which bear
ae sign manual of the fifteen-cent magazine,
ae burely anecdotal side of not a few of the
-ieries, the plays on words, sometimes sin-
*ary elever, which not infrequently degen-
assi alo rather inexpensive jocularity, the
lear ºng final surprises which completely
..ºvere ae reader's position and mockingly
ºn aus topsy-turvy, these and other
suered. As a sort of “golden
--> -- º Henry's best things, it is
_------. A comparison between Irving,
**-auree, and Q. Henry, which con-
...— ... - sever, is a notable illustration of
-*... • *wers in eriticism. Per-
-, *- : he stories contained in
re-ree and “Heart of the
-----ar-Ruaixties they possess,
------as toº unlike neglect
- ****
-- a -ae chapter, “The
tº sumall degree
is *der's mind
ºnce. My
-- ~ *s, *rom the
- assºr does
-*** * guilt
asº
a * * *
* * *
º
* *
º
= *s * sº
*s-sº
- *_s - ~ *
sº a
sº-
- *
rather than innocence; his lavish habitual
generosity well accords with appropriation
of small funds; his furtiveness of look in
entering public places bears the mark of one
who has sometime gone wrong. Strangest of
all, most inexplicable of all, is his failure to
defend himself, his listlessness in the face of
the grave charge of embezzlement of funds.
The last fact arouses the suspicion, in my own
mind, that Porter was innocent, and gives
point to the long-familiar rumor that in keep-
ing silent and waiving defence he was really
shielding someone else. A very close student
of Porter's Texas life tells me that a minute
examination of the evidence of the trial has
convinced him that Porter was guilty; another,
who knew Porter intimately, assures me that
Porter was utterly incapable of committing
the crime with which he was charged. What-
ever be the truth, and the man's personality
and character alike cry aloud his innocence,
— certain it is that his biographer has
defended, with a true chivalric spirit, the
memory of his friend. And further, we may
say that the moral purgation of the prison
life has so effectively demonstrated itself to
the biographer's mind that this idea of regen-
eration links up and gives definite character
to the book, from chapter to chapter, from
prelude to finale.
In disproof of the statement that O. Henry
had no vital associations with North Carolina,
let me say that I published a memorial essay
in connection with the erection of the national
memorial in Raleigh, in 1914, setting forth
in detail certain facts in the case. Somewhat
later, I published a letter in “The Nation”
(January 14, 1915) dealing with the same
subject. It has been treated fully in chapter
four of the present volume, “Birthplace and
Early Years.” It is the story of Porter's life
in the town of Greensboro, where he and
Smith grew up as boys together. Professor
Smith, with the loving touch of reminiscence
and the skilled pen of the mature critic, has
placed O. Henry in his native environment as
a jeweller places the sparkling gem in its true
setting. Professor Smith has forever fixed
this “somnolent little Southern town” upon
the literary map of America. This was as
truly “W. S. Porter land” as certain sections
of New York City are now termed “O. Henry
land.” The metropolitan writers have hith-
erto “placed” the great short-story writer,
O. Henry, in his “Little Bagdad on the
Subway.” Professor Smith has now “placed”
William Sidney Porter upon his native heath.
Greensboro and New York — Alpha and
Omega.
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.


1916]
575
THE DIAL
AFRICA AND THE GREAT WAR.”
Out of the host of books that have emerged
to throw, each in a different way, some light
on the causes of the Great War, this by Dr.
Gibbons stands alone, and is unlikely to be
eclipsed unless Dr. Gibbons himself should
write another to surpass it. There is prob-
ably no man better qualified to take a broad
and comprehensive view of this vast subject.
In compressing within a book of five hundred
pages the diplomatic story of the plundering
of Africa since 1899, he has attempted some-
thing new and has accomplished what many
a bold writer would have thought impossible.
For this is a readable book, as well as a store-
house of forgotten facts and necessary infor-
mation that lead one as by a row of lights to
understanding.
From first to last the reader will be
absorbed. After turning the last page many
a man will order every other work by the same
writer, for that is the compelling nature of
Dr. Gibbons's pen. But whatever the polit-
ical or national convictions of the reader
chance to be, let him make ready to abandon
one after another while he reads; because
Dr. Gibbons has so marshalled indubitable
facts as to disperse the ignorance befogging
the minds of many of us. He leaves us finally
without any confidence at all in the truthful-
ness or good intentions of the recognized
vendors of international news, but with a
greater faith in the peoples of the earth, as
distinguished from their leaders.
The book is not without faults, some due to
haste that are likely to be corrected in the
next edition. One hardly expects from Dr.
Gibbons such “howlers” as the old familiar
“whom are” and “whom were”; yet there
they stand on pages 423 and 471 respectively.
Neither is there any obvious reason why a
scholar with his command of lucid literary
English should descend to such phrases as “on
the outs with.”
Dr. Gibbons's acquaintance with Africa is
vast, but it is not difficult at times to distin-
guish between those parts of it in which he
has dwelt and whose high officials are his
friends, and those other colonies that he has
studied with no ordinary grasp and vision
but nevertheless from a distance. For
instance, they are not P. & O. Steamers, but
B. I. that call at East African ports. He
confuses the words Uganda and Baganda, in
ignorance of the fact that Uganda is a
country where a Baganda dwells, and that a
Baganda is one of many Waganda, who talk
- The New Map of Africa. 1900-1916
. By Herbert Adams
Gibbons. New York: Century Co. $2.
Luganda. And it is likely to confuse the
uninitiated when, by a slip on page 211, he
puts Uganda and Abyssinia on the West
Coast.
There are errors of judgment, too. He
omits consideration of the influence of women
on the politics and future of South Africa, -
a strange omission when one remembers that
almost the entire Boer intelligence depart-
ment was of the fair sex during the greater
part of the Boer War, and he fails to
reckon with the extent to which fusion of the
races must depend on wearing down feminine
conservatism. One might wish, too, that he
had dwelt at greater length on the missionary
influence (so largely international) that has
such weighty effect on “home” opinion. He
makes the statement that “Denominational-
ism in missionary propaganda is criminal
folly”; and most of the world is about ready
to agree with him so far; but Dr. Gibbons
surely could go further and it is pity that he
refrains.
There is too much Winston Churchill in the
book—not very much, but too much. Mr.
Churchill's opinions have been proved worth-
less so often, and his trip to East Africa was
of such short duration, that to cite him as an
authority causes irritation. In fact, on page
296, Dr. Gibbons is at pains to show the van-
ity of Mr. Churchill's prophecies, thus arous-
ing wonder why Churchill was dragged in.
Here and there expressions of opinion will
not pass unchallenged. But on the whole
there are very few faults to cavil at.
Dr. Gibbons stoutly denies any tendency to
pro-Germanism, and in fact if he shows any
favoritism, it is toward those British officials
of the upper class on whose disinterested ser-
vices the empire has been built. It is possible
that close personal friendships and admira-
tion for honesty of purpose may have blinded
him a little to a few besetting sins. He makes
no secret of his belief that British Crown
Colonies are likely to suffer in the future from
scarcity of such men, so many of whom
were slaughtered in the early stages of the
War.
So far as laxity of administration in the
early days and harshness of present rule goes,
he spares Germany much that might be told
against her. He absolves the Germans alto-
gether from plotting for revolution in South
Africa, and gives them full credit for their
sportsman-like defence in the Kamerun and
East Africa. He finds them worthy of all
praise in Togoland, and not too badly to be
blamed in other parts. Wherein they are
guilty is that they attempted, rather too late
in the day in Africa, what all the other


574
[December 28
THE DIAL
sures hitherto given only subterranean cur-
rency, yet long known to real students of
Porter's life, many of the newspaper re-
viewers have grievously distorted the perspec-
tive of the book by treating these revelations
as a sort of superb “newspaper scoop.”
Surely the admirable literary qualities of the
chapter deserve praise fully commensurate
with the regrettable notoriety attaching to
the chapter because of its features of morbid
popular interest. Already, the reviews are
beginning to exhibit a healthier appreciation
of the merits of the work as a whole. No
review which fails to survey the work in its
entirety can lay claim to attention as just
consideration.
It is worthy of note that the chapter in
which the author takes perhaps the liveliest
relish and “lets himself go” with the most
refreshing zest, is the chapter entitled
“Favourite Themes.” This chapter is not an
integral part of the biography of Will Porter:
it is a critical appreciation of the mental
furniture and appointments of a literary
figure invented by Will Porter and fantas-
tically denominated “O. Henry.” It might
be published separately as an essay on the
art and genius of O. Henry. From the
standpoint of perspective, it is not wide
enough in its survey; we do not see all of
O. Henry, but only the part that Professor
Smith particularly relishes. In a word, the
many glaring faults of his art, the excessive
use of slang, the smart-aleckisms which bear
the sign manual of the fifteen-cent magazine,
the purely anecdotal side of not a few of the
stories, the plays on words, sometimes sin-
gularly clever, which not infrequently degen-
erated into rather inexpensive jocularity, the
electrifying final surprises which completely
subvert the reader's position and mockingly
leave him thus topsy-turvy, these and other
faults are ignored. As a sort of “golden
treasury” of O. Henry's best things, it is
admirable; a comparison between Irving,
Poe, Hawthorne, and O. Henry, which con-
cludes the chapter, is a notable illustration of
Professor Smith's powers in criticism. Per-
sonally, I feel that the stories contained in
“The Gentle Grafter” and “Heart of the
West,” and the peculiar qualities they possess,
have met with something not unlike neglect
at Professor Smith's hands.
The attention accorded to the chapter, “The
Shadowed Years,” is due in no small degree
to the dubiety aroused in the reader's mind
in regard to Porter's guilt or innocence. My
friend, the able lawyer, tells me that, from the
standpoint of evidence, the biographer does
not clear Porter: his flight savors of guilt
rather than innocence; his lavish habitual
generosity well accords with appropriation
of small funds; his furtiveness of look in
entering public places bears the mark of one
who has sometime gone wrong. Strangest of
all, most inexplicable of all, is his failure to
defend himself, his listlessness in the face of
the grave charge of embezzlement of funds.
The last fact arouses the suspicion, in my own
mind, that Porter was innocent, and gives
point to the long-familiar rumor that in keep-
ing silent and waiving defence he was really
shielding someone else. A very close student
of Porter's Texas life tells me that a minute
examination of the evidence of the trial has
convinced him that Porter was guilty; another,
who knew Porter intimately, assures me that
Porter was utterly incapable of committing
the crime with which he was charged. What-
ever be the truth, and the man's personality
and character alike cry aloud his innocence,
— certain it is that his biographer has
defended, with a true chivalric spirit, the
memory of his friend. And further, we may
say that the moral purgation of the prison
life has so effectively demonstrated itself to
the biographer's mind that this idea of regen-
eration links up and gives definite character
to the book, from chapter to chapter, from
prelude to finale.
In disproof of the statement that O. Henry
had no vital associations with North Carolina,
let me say that I published a memorial essay
in connection with the erection of the national
memorial in Raleigh, in 1914, setting forth
in detail certain facts in the case. Somewhat
later, I published a letter in “The Nation”
(January 14, 1915) dealing with the same
subject. It has been treated fully in chapter
four of the present volume, “Birthplace and
Early Years.” It is the story of Porter's life
in the town of Greensboro, where he and
Smith grew up as boys together. Professor
Smith, with the loving touch of reminiscence
and the skilled pen of the mature critic, has
placed O. Henry in his native environment as
a jeweller places the sparkling gem in its true
setting. Professor Smith has forever fixed
this “somnolent little Southern town” upon
the literary map of America. This was as
truly “W. S. Porter land” as certain sections
of New York City are now termed “O. Henry
land.” The metropolitan writers have hith-
erto “placed” the great short-story writer,
O. Henry, in his “Little Bagdad on the
Subway.” Professor Smith has now “placed”
William Sidney Porter upon his native heath.
Greensboro and New York — Alpha and
Omega.
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.


1916]
575
THE DIAL
AFRICA AND THE GREAT WAR.”
Out of the host of books that have emerged
to throw, each in a different way, some light
on the causes of the Great War, this by Dr.
Gibbons stands alone, and is unlikely to be
eclipsed unless Dr. Gibbons himself should
write another to surpass it. There is prob-
ably no man better qualified to take a broad
and comprehensive view of this vast subject.
In compressing within a book of five hundred
pages the diplomatic story of the plundering
of Africa since 1899, he has attempted some-
thing new and has accomplished what many
a bold writer would have thought impossible.
For this is a readable book, as well as a store-
house of forgotten facts and necessary infor-
mation that lead one as by a row of lights to
understanding.
From first to last the reader will be
absorbed. After turning the last page many
a man will order every other work by the same
writer, for that is the compelling nature of
Dr. Gibbons's pen. But whatever the polit-
ical or national convictions of the reader
chance to be, let him make ready to abandon
one after another while he reads; because
Dr. Gibbons has so marshalled indubitable
facts as to disperse the ignorance befogging
the minds of many of us. He leaves us finally
without any confidence at all in the truthful-
ness or good intentions of the recognized
vendors of international news, but with a
greater faith in the peoples of the earth, as
distinguished from their leaders.
The book is not without faults, some due to
haste that are likely to be corrected in the
next edition. One hardly expects from Dr.
Gibbons such “howlers” as the old familiar
“whom are” and “whom were”; yet there
they stand on pages 423 and 471 respectively.
Neither is there any obvious reason why a
scholar with his command of lucid literary
English should descend to such phrases as “on
the outs with.”
Dr. Gibbons's acquaintance with Africa is
vast, but it is not difficult at times to distin-
guish between those parts of it in which he
has dwelt and whose high officials are his
friends, and those other colonies that he has
studied with no ordinary grasp and vision
but nevertheless from a distance. For
instance, they are not P. & O. Steamers, but
B. I. that call at East African ports. He
confuses the words Uganda and Baganda, in
ignorance of the fact that Uganda is a
country where a Baganda dwells, and that a
Baganda is one of many Waganda, who talk
• THE New MAP of AFRICA, 1900-1916. By Herbert Adams
Gibbons. New York: Century Co. $2.
Luganda. And it is likely to confuse the
uninitiated when, by a slip on page 211, he
puts Uganda and Abyssinia on the West
Coast.
There are errors of judgment, too. He
omits consideration of the influence of women
on the politics and future of South Africa, -
a strange omission when one remembers that
almost the entire Boer intelligence depart-
ment was of the fair sex during the greater
part of the Boer War, and he fails to
reckon with the extent to which fusion of the
races must depend on wearing down feminine
conservatism. One might wish, too, that he
had dwelt at greater length on the missionary
influence (so largely international) that has
such weighty effect on “home” opinion. He
makes the statement that “Denominational-
ism in missionary propaganda is criminal
folly”; and most of the world is about ready
to agree with him so far; but Dr. Gibbons
surely could go further and it is pity that he
refrains.
There is too much Winston Churchill in the
book—not very much, but too much. Mr.
Churchill's opinions have been proved worth-
less so often, and his trip to East Africa was
of such short duration, that to cite him as an
authority causes irritation. In fact, on page
296, Dr. Gibbons is at pains to show the van-
ity of Mr. Churchill's prophecies, thus arous-
ing wonder why Churchill was dragged in.
Here and there expressions of opinion will
not pass unchallenged. But on the whole
there are very few faults to cavil at.
Dr. Gibbons stoutly denies any tendency to
pro-Germanism, and in fact if he shows any
favoritism, it is toward those British officials
of the upper class on whose disinterested ser-
vices the empire has been built. It is possible
that close personal friendships and admira-
tion for honesty of purpose may have blinded
him a little to a few besetting sins. He makes
no secret of his belief that British Crown
Colonies are likely to suffer in the future from
scarcity of such men, so many of whom
were slaughtered in the early stages of the
War.
So far as laxity of administration in the
early days and harshness of present rule goes,
he spares Germany much that might be told
against her. He absolves the Germans alto-
gether from plotting for revolution in South
Africa, and gives them full credit for their
sportsman-like defence in the Kamerun and
East Africa. He finds them worthy of all
praise in Togoland, and not too badly to be
blamed in other parts. Wherein they are
guilty is that they attempted, rather too late
in the day in Africa, what all the other


574
[December 28
THE DIAL
sures hitherto given only subterranean cur-
rency, yet long known to real students of
Porter's life, many of the newspaper re-
viewers have grievously distorted the perspec-
tive of the book by treating these revelations
as a sort of superb “newspaper scoop.”
Surely the admirable literary qualities of the
chapter deserve praise fully commensurate
with the regrettable notoriety attaching to
the chapter because of its features of morbid
popular interest. Already, the reviews are
beginning to exhibit a healthier appreciation
of the merits of the work as a whole. No
review which fails to survey the work in its
entirety can lay claim to attention as just
consideration.
It is worthy of note that the chapter in
which the author takes perhaps the liveliest
relish and “lets himself go” with the most
refreshing zest, is the chapter entitled
“Favourite Themes.” This chapter is not an
integral part of the biography of Will Porter:
it is a critical appreciation of the mental
furniture and appointments of a literary
figure invented by Will Porter and fantas-
tically denominated “O. Henry.” It might
be published separately as an essay on the
art and genius of O. Henry. From the
standpoint of perspective, it is not wide
enough in its survey; we do not see all of
O. Henry, but only the part that Professor
Smith particularly relishes. In a word, the
many glaring faults of his art, the excessive
use of slang, the smart-aleckisms which bear
the sign manual of the fifteen-cent magazine,
the purely anecdotal side of not a few of the
stories, the plays on words, sometimes sin-
gularly clever, which not infrequently degen-
erated into rather inexpensive jocularity, the
electrifying final surprises which completely
subvert the reader's position and mockingly
leave him thus topsy-turvy, these and other
faults are ignored. As a sort of “golden
treasury” of O. Henry's best things, it is
admirable; a comparison between Irving,
Poe, Hawthorne, and O. Henry, which con-
cludes the chapter, is a notable illustration of
Professor Smith's powers in criticism. Per-
sonally, I feel that the stories contained in
“The Gentle Grafter” and “Heart of the
West,” and the peculiar qualities they possess,
have met with something not unlike neglect
at Professor Smith's hands.
The attention accorded to the chapter, “The
Shadowed Years,” is due in no small degree
to the dubiety aroused in the reader's mind
in regard to Porter's guilt or innocence. My
friend, the able lawyer, tells me that, from the
standpoint of evidence, the biographer does
not clear Porter: his flight savors of guilt
rather than innocence; his lavish habitual
generosity well accords with appropriation
of small funds; his furtiveness of look in
entering public places bears the mark of one
who has sometime gone wrong. Strangest of
all, most inexplicable of all, is his failure to
defend himself, his listlessness in the face of
the grave charge of embezzlement of funds.
The last fact arouses the suspicion, in my own
mind, that Porter was innocent, and gives
point to the long-familiar rumor that in keep-
ing silent and waiving defence he was really
shielding someone else. A very close student
of Porter's Texas life tells me that a minute
examination of the evidence of the trial has
convinced him that Porter was guilty; another,
who knew Porter intimately, assures me that
Porter was utterly incapable of committing
the crime with which he was charged. What-
ever be the truth, and the man’s personality
and character alike cry aloud his innocence,
— certain it is that his biographer has
defended, with a true chivalric spirit, the
memory of his friend. And further, we may
say that the moral purgation of the prison
life has so effectively demonstrated itself to
the biographer's mind that this idea of regen-
eration links up and gives definite character
to the book, from chapter to chapter, from
prelude to finale.
In disproof of the statement that O. Henry
had no vital associations with North Carolina,
let me say that I published a memorial essay
in connection with the erection of the national
memorial in Raleigh, in 1914, setting forth
in detail certain facts in the case. Somewhat
later, I published a letter in “The Nation”
(January 14, 1915) dealing with the same
subject. It has been treated fully in chapter
four of the present volume, “Birthplace and
Early Years.” It is the story of Porter's life
in the town of Greensboro, where he and
Smith grew up as boys together. Professor
Smith, with the loving touch of reminiscence
and the skilled pen of the mature critic, has
placed O. Henry in his native environment as
a jeweller places the sparkling gem in its true
setting. Professor Smith has forever fixed
this “somnolent little Southern town” upon
the literary map of America. This was as
truly “W. S. Porter land” as certain sections
of New York City are now termed “O. Henry
land.” The metropolitan writers have hith-
erto “placed” the great short-story writer,
O. Henry, in his “Little Bagdad on the
Subway.” Professor Smith has now “place
William Sidney Porter upon his native h-
Greensboro and New York—Alphſ
Omega.
ARCHIBALD HENT"


1916]
575
THE DIAL
alſº
AFRICA AND THE GREAT WAR.”
Out of the host of books that have emerged
to throw, each in a different way, some light
on the causes of the Great War, this by Dr.
Gibbons stands alone, and is unlikely to be
eclipsed unless Dr. Gibbons himself should
write another to surpass it. There is prob-
ably no man better qualified to take a broad
and comprehensive view of this vast subject.
In compressing within a book of five hundred
pages the diplomatic story of the plundering
of Africa since 1899, he has attempted some-
thing new and has accomplished what many
a bold writer would have thought impossible.
For this is a readable book, as well as a store-
house of forgotten facts and necessary infor-
mation that lead one as by a row of lights to
understanding.
From first to last the reader will be
absorbed. After turning the last page many
a man will order every other work by the same
writer, for that is the compelling nature of
Dr. Gibbons's pen. But whatever the polit-
ical or national convictions of the reader
chance to be, let him make ready to abandon
one after another while he reads; because
Dr. Gibbons has so marshalled indubitable
facts as to disperse the ignorance befogging
the minds of many of us. He leaves us finally
without any confidence at all in the truthful-
ness or good intentions of the recognized
vendors of international news, but with a
greater faith in the peoples of the earth, as
distinguished from their leaders.
The book is not without faults, some due to
haste that are likely to be corrected in the
next edition. One hardly expects from Dr.
Gibbons such “howlers” as the old familiar
“whom are” and “whom were”; yet there
they stand on pages 423 and 471 respectively.
Neither is there any obvious reason why a
scholar with his command of lucid literary
English should descend to such phrases as “on
the outs with.”
Dr. Gibbons's acquaintance with Africa is
vast, but it is not difficult at times to distin-
guish between those parts of it in which he
has dwelt and whose high officials are his
friend d those other colonies that he has
*: ordinarv grasp and vision
but es; " distance. For
º Steamers, but
'an ports. He
ld Baganda, in
Uganda is a
al-And that a
o talk
Adams
Luganda. And it is likely to confuse the
uninitiated when, by a slip on page 211, he
puts Uganda and Abyssinia on the West
Coast.
There are errors of judgment, too. He
omits consideration of the influence of women
on the politics and future of South Africa, -
a strange omission when one remembers that
almost the entire Boer intelligence depart-
ment was of the fair sex during the greater
part of the Boer War, and he fails to
reckon with the extent to which fusion of the
races must depend on wearing down feminine
conservatism. One might wish, too, that he
had dwelt at greater length on the missionary
influence (so largely international) that has
such weighty effect on “home” opinion. He
makes the statement that “Denominational-
ism in missionary propaganda is criminal
folly”; and most of the world is about ready
to agree with him so far; but Dr. Gibbons
surely could go further and it is pity that he
refrains.
There is too much Winston Churchill in the
book—not very much, but too much. Mr.
Churchill's opinions have been proved worth-
less so often, and his trip to East Africa was
of such short duration, that to cite him as an
authority causes irritation. In fact, on page
296, Dr. Gibbons is at pains to show the van-
ity of Mr. Churchill's prophecies, thus arous-
ing wonder why Churchill was dragged in.
Here and there expressions of opinion will
not pass unchallenged. But on the whole
there are very few faults to cavil at.
Dr. Gibbons stoutly denies any tendency to
pro-Germanism, and in fact if he shows any
favoritism, it is toward those British officials
of the upper class on whose disinterested ser-
vices the empire has been built. It is possible
that close personal friendships and admira-
tion for honesty of purpose may have blinded
him a little to a few besetting sins. He makes
no secret of his belief that British Crown
Colonies are likely to suffer in the future from
scarcity of such men, so many of whom
were slaughtered in the early stages of the
War.
So far as laxity of administration in the
early days and harshness of present rule goes,
he spares Germany much that might be told
against her. He absolves the Germans alto-
gether from plotting for revolution in South
Africa, and gives them full credit for their
sportsman-like defence in the Kamerun and
East Africa. He finds them worthy of all
praise in Togoland, and not too badly to be
blamed in other parts. Wherein they are
guilty is that they attempted, rather too late
in the day in Africa, what all the other


574
[December 28
THE DIAL
sures hitherto given only subterranean cur-
rency, yet long known to real students of
Porter's life,—-many of the newspaper re-
viewers have grievously distorted the perspec-
tive of the book by treating these revelations
as a sort of superb "newspaper scoop."
Surely the admirable literary qualities of the
chapter deserve praise fully commensurate
with the regrettable notoriety attaching to
the chapter because of its features of morbid
popular interest. Already, the reviews are
beginning to exhibit a healthier appreciation
of the merits of the work as a whole. No
review which fails to survey the work in its
entirety can lay claim to attention as just
consideration.
It is worthy of note that the chapter in
which the author takes perhaps the liveliest
relish and "lets himself go" with the most
refreshing zest, is the chapter entitled
"Favourite Themes." This chapter is not an
integral part of the biography of Will Porter:
it is a critical appreciation of the mental
furniture and appointments of a literary
figure invented by Will Porter and fantas-
tically denominated "0. Henry." It might
be published separately as an essay on the
art and genius of 0. Henry. Prom the
standpoint of perspective, it is not wide
enough in its survey; we do not see all of
0. Henry, but only the part that Professor
Smith particularly relishes. In a word, the
many glaring faults of his art,— the excessive
use of slang, the smart-aleckisms which bear
the sign manual of the fifteen-cent magazine,
the purely anecdotal side of not a few of the
stories, the plays on words, sometimes sin-
gularly clever, which not infrequently degen-
erated into rather inexpensive jocularity, the
electrifying final surprises which completely1
subvert the reader's position and mockingly
leave him thus topsy-turvy,— these and other
faults are ignored. As a sort of "golden
treasury" of O. Henry's best things, it is
admirable; a comparison between Irving,
Poe, Hawthorne, and 0. Henry, which con-
cludes the chapter, is a notable illustration of
Professor Smith's powers in criticism. Per-
sonally, I feel that the stories contained in
"The Gentle Grafter" and "Heart of the
West," and the peculiar qualities they possess,
have met with something not unlike neglect
at Professor Smith's hands.
The attention accorded to the chapter, "The
Shadowed Years," is due in no small degree
to the dubiety aroused in the reader's mind
in regard to Porter's guilt or innocence. My
friend, the able lawyer, tells me that, from the
standpoint of evidence, the biographer does
not clear Porter: his flight savors of guilt
rather than innocence; his lavish habitual
generosity well accords with appropriation
of small funds; his furtiveness of look in
entering public places bears the mark of one
who has sometime gone wrong. Strangest of
all, most inexplicable of all, is his failure to
defend himself, his listlessness in the face of
the grave charge of embezzlement of funds.
The last fact arouses the suspicion, in my own
mind, that Porter was innocent, and gives
point to the long-familiar rumor that in keep-
ing silent and waiving defence he was really
shielding someone else. A very close student
of Porter's Texas life tells me that a minute
examination of the evidence of the trial has
convinced him that Porter was guilty;another,
who knew Porter intimately, assures me that
Porter was utterly incapable of committing
the crime with which he was charged. What-
ever be the truth,— and the man's personality
and character alike cry aloud his innocence,
— certain it is that his biographer has
defended, with a true chivalric spirit, the
memory of his friend. And further, we may
say that the moral purgation of the prison
life has so effectively demonstrated itself to
the biographer's mind that this idea of regen-
eration links up and gives definite character
to the book, from chapter to chapter, from
prelude to finale.
In disproof of the statement that 0. Henry
had no vital associations with North Carolina,
let me say that I published a memorial essay
in connection with the erection of the national
memorial in Raleigh, in 1914, setting forth
in detail certain facts in the case. Somewhat
later, I published a letter in "The Nation"
(January 14, 1915) dealing with the same
subject. It has been treated fully in chapter
four of the present volume, "Birthplace and
Early Years." It is the story of Porter's life
in the town of Greensboro, where he and
Smith grew up as boys together. Professor
Smith, with the loving touch of reminiscence
and the skilled pen of the mature critic, has
placed 0. Henry in his native environment as
a jeweller places the sparkling gem in its true
setting. Professor Smith has forever fixed
this "somnolent little Southern town" upon
the literary map of America. This was as
truly "W. S. Porter land" as certain sections
of New York City are now termed "0. Henry
land." The metropolitan writers have hith-
erto "placed" the great short-story writer,
0. Henry, in his "Little Bagdad on the
Subway." Professor Smith has now "placed"
William Sidney Porter upon his native heath.
Greensboro and New York — Alpha and
Omega.
Archibald Henderson.


1916]
575
THE DIAL
Africa and the Geeat War.'
Out of the host of books that have emerged
to throw, each in a different way, some light
on the causes of the Great War, this by Dr.
Gibbons stands alone, and is unlikely to be
eclipsed unless Dr. Gibbons himself should
write another to surpass it. There is prob-
ably no man better qualified to take a broad
and comprehensive view of this vast subject.
In compressing within a book of five hundred
pages the diplomatic story of the plundering
of Africa since 1899, he has attempted some-
thing new and has accomplished what many
a bold writer would have thought impossible.
For this is a readable book, as well as a store-
house of forgotten facts and necessary infor-
mation that lead one as by a row of lights to
understanding.
From first to last the reader will be
absorbed. After turning the last page many
a man will order every other work by the same
writer, for that is the compelling nature of
Dr. Gibbons's pen. But whatever the polit-
ical or national convictions of the reader
chance to be, let him make ready to abandon
one after another while he reads; because
Dr. Gibbons has so marshalled indubitable
facts as to disperse the ignorance befogging
the minds of many of us. He leaves us finally
without any confidence at all in the truthful-
ness or good intentions of the recognized
vendors of international news, but with a
greater faith in the peoples of the earth, as
distinguished from their leaders.
The book is not without faults, some due to
haste that are likely to be corrected in the
next edition. One hardly expects from Dr.
Gibbons such "howlers" as the old familiar
"whom are" and "whom were"; yet there
they stand on pages 423 and 471 respectively.
Neither is there any obvious reason why a
scholar with his command of lucid literary
English should descend to such phrases as "on
the outs with."
Dr. Gibbons's acquaintance with Africa is
vast, but it is not difficult at times to distin-
guish between those parts of it in which he
has dwelt and whose high officials are his
friends, and those other colonies that he has
studied with no ordinary grasp and vision
but nevertheless from a distance. For
instance, they are not P. & 0. Steamers, but
B. I. that call at East African ports. He
confuses the words Uganda and Baganda, in
ignorance of the fact that Uganda is a
country where a Baganda dwells, and that a
Baganda is one of many Waganda, who talk
• The New Map or Africa. 1900-1916.
Gibbons. New York: Century Co. $2.
By Herbert Adams
Luganda. And it is likely to confuse the
uninitiated when, by a slip on page 211, he
puts Uganda and Abyssinia on the West
Coast.
There are errors of judgment, too. He
omits consideration of the influence of women
on the politics and future of South Africa,—
a strange omission when one remembers that
almost the entire Boer intelligence depart-
ment was of the fair sex during the greater
part of the Boer War,— and he fails to
reckon with the extent to which fusion of the
races must depend on wearing down feminine
conservatism. One might wish, too, that he
had dwelt at greater length on the missionary
influence (so largely international) that has
such weighty effect on "home" opinion. He
makes the statement that "Denominational-
ism in missionary propaganda is criminal
folly"; and most of the world is about ready
to agree with him so far; but Dr. Gibbons
surely could go further and it is pity that he
refrains.
There is too much Winston Churchill in the
book — not very much, but too much. Mr.
Churchill's opinions have been proved worth-
less so often, and his trip to East Africa was
of such short duration, that to cite him as an
authority causes irritation. In fact, on page
296, Dr. Gibbons is at pains to show the van-
ity of Mr. Churchill's prophecies, thus arous-
ing wonder why Churchill was dragged in.
Here and there expressions of opinion will
not pass unchallenged. But on the whole
there are very few faults to cavil at.
Dr. Gibbons stoutly denies any tendency to
pro-Germanism, and in fact if he shows any
favoritism, it is toward those British officials
of the upper class on whose disinterested ser-
vices the empire has been built. It is possible
that close personal friendships and admira-
tion for honesty of purpose may have blinded
him a little to a few besetting sins. He makes
no secret of his belief that British Crown
Colonies are likely to suffer in the future from
scarcity of such men,— so many of whom
were slaughtered in the early stages of the
war.
So far as laxity of administration in the
early days and harshness of present rule goes,
he spares Germany much that might be told
against her. He absolves the Germans alto-
gether from plotting for revolution in South
Africa, and gives them full credit for their
sportsman-like defence in the Kamerun and
East Africa. He finds them worthy of all
praise in Togoland, and not too badly to be
blamed in other parts. Wherein they are
guilty is that they attempted, rather too late
in the day in Africa, what all the other


576
[December 28
THE DIAL
powers did just in time to keep ahead of
them.
After reading this book one does not sym-
pathize the less with Belgium in her misery;
but one is reminded of the misery Belgium
inflicted on the Congo, and of Belgian pub-
lic opinion that refused redress. The fact
is brought out that France, now fighting in
defence of Belgium and clamorous at outrage,
has a black record of her own in the French
Congo. The account of German butchery and
near-extermination of Herreros in West
Africa is offset presently by British treatment
of the Zulus in Natal. And the sale of liquor
by the Portuguese to natives south of the
Equator is at least balanced by British sales
of gin to natives of the West Coast. The
Portuguese and Belgians suffer most in the
final comparison, because they have accom-
plished so little good to counterbalance all
the slavery and robbery and worse. But the
Italians fare very little better.
Granting the premise that Africa cannot
be left to evolve a civilization of its own, Dr.
Gibbons ends with a strong plea for Germany.
He succeeds in proving that the successful
efforts of the other powers to keep Germany
out of Africa have been largely responsible
for the suspicious, exasperated, and at last
pugnacious growth of German thought, edu-
cated — as is the political thought of all the
nations — by a few men who are able to lead
public opinion in the direction opposite to
that the public itself intends. He says that
the Allies have expressly undertaken to
uphold Belgium's rights on the Congo, and
those of Portugal in both East and West;
but he distinctly raises a doubt as to their
intention to keep faith with Portugal, and he
leaves the reader wondering whether—should
the Allies win the war—their wisest, safest,
sanest course would not be to hand over the
Congo and the Portuguese possessions en bloc
to Germany.
It is along the north coast of Africa that
Dr. Gibbons is most at home, and his chapters
on Morocco and Egypt are among the best
in the book. His hearty approval of British
method in Egypt has not prevented him from
discussing its limitations; and his explana-
tion of the Egyptian Nationalist movement
is clear and convincing. His definition of
Moslem fanaticism is new and well worth
study. In fact, the whole book is worth
study; it is difficult to read it without reach-
ing out for works of reference and trying to
master within the hour what Dr. Gibbons has
been studying down the years. Such books
are few and far between.
The greatest service Dr. Gibbons renders
perhaps is this: that he shows no one great
nation to be much blacker than another. All
have been plunderers, all are guilty of
atrocious murder in the past, and Germany
is only doing now to all the others what each
of the others has already done elsewhere. It
is impossible to read the book and not see the
absurdity of recrimination, or not to see the
great good that might be done, almost by a
stroke of the pen, in a reasonable re-division
of Africa that would give Germany her share.
The best men of all the nations would be
none too many for the task of civilizing
Africa, and the worst men of any nation have
no business there. The pity of it is that there
are not more men like Dr. Gibbons, in all the
countries now at war, to explain to the misled
men who fight, the length and breadth and
depth and despicable rottenness of the in-
trigue, self-named diplomacy, that has blinded
them and brought them to this present pass.
He takes the history of each separate colony
in turn, holds it to the light, and shows with-
out malice but without favor things that the
people of no nation in the world would have
tolerated for a moment, could they but have
been convinced of the truth in time. Yet,
because of the inherent decency of most men,
he leaves us confident of a future in which
Africa may forget that men called her "Dark"
and "Darkest." Talbqt Mdndy_
Cl,assicJUtterances of American
Statesmen.*
In "The Collier Classics" is projected a
series of books similar to the so-called "five
foot shelf" of which President Eliot was the
editor. Its purpose, as stated in the intro-
duction by the general editor. Professor
William Allen Neilson of Harvard, is to give
to the public the second best of the world's
thought and reasoning. All the ideas and
the cultures of the present are being
re-studied and re-valued in the light of the
great war in Europe; and hence the common
man must have the best things, for which he
is supposed to stand, placed before him again,
in order that he may test them and find
whether they are worth retaining,— worth
fighting for, as one is tempted to think was
in the mind of the editor when he wrote his
introduction. This great body of material,
which in universality of appeal is only just
below the "five foot shelf," is to be issued
• American Statesmen, from Washington to Lincoln.
Edited by Albert Bushnell Hart. LL.D. In five volumes,
with frontispiece portraits. "The Collier Classics." New
York: P. F. Collier & Sons. By subscription.


1916]
577
THE DIAL
in groups of volumes. The first group, edited
by Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, now
published, treats of America, rather of the
United States. This is to put the cart before
the horse, for the ideals and cultures now
being weighed in the balances of war date
back to the thirteenth century. They are
English, French, German, and American in
the main; and to set all the best of these
before us, in so far as books may present such
things, it would have been more logical to
begin at the beginning.
Still one must not quarrel with the minor
details of an important contribution or col-
lection. What we have here is the body of
patriotic material on which the people of the
United States have been fed, if one may use
such a vulgar term. To be sure, it is not all
contained in these five small volumes, very
pretty and flexible, ready for the pocket when
one is about to take a journey; but the best
is fairly represented, and the selections cover
enough of the field of American political,
economic, and social history to satisfy most
people, especially those who do not seek
origins but effects. Something from the sea
rovers of Elizabeth, pages from Sir Walter
Raleigh on "The Beautiful Empire of
Guiana," from John Twine on the proceed-
ings of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and
from Charles Sumner on the Pilgrim Fathers,
indicate the character of the earliest selec-
tions.
Penn's account of Pennsylvania in 1684,
and Franklin's portrait of himself as he first
entered Philadelphia, with his small bundle
of luggage and his two loaves of bread pro-
truding from his pockets, may be taken as
representative of the character of the mater-
ial which describes the patriots and statesmen
of the middle region about 1700; while two
or three selections from the greatest of Amer-
ican wits of the time, William Byrd of Vir-
ginia, set forth a certain ideal of that ancient
dominion. And there are typical writings of
Patrick Henry, the Adamses, Hamilton, and
John Hancock for the first period of the
Revolutionary quarrel. The first of the five
volumes closes with the outbreak of the
Revolution. The second volume introduces
the reader to Tom Paine in his "Times That
Try Men's Souls"; to William H. Drayton,
the South Carolina "fire-eater," who proposed
the dethronement of George III.; to Washing-
ton, Jefferson, George Rogers Clarke, and
other leaders of politics and thought for the
period of the Revolution and the constitu-
tional reaction, closing with Francis Hopkin-
son's "Inconveniences of Independence."
The third, fourth, and fifth volumes bring the
series of selections down to 1861,— a very
convenient place for a pause.
In the latter volumes there are representa-
tive literary, political, or philosophical expres-
sions from John Randolph, Henry Clay,
Daniel Webster, Andrew Jackson, James K.
Polk, and other ardent-minded Americans of
the middle period of our history. John
Randolph's witty and stinging account of the
weakness of the Jefferson administration in
1806 is one of the best things, both as polit-
ical attack and as keen satire, contained in
these volumes. The quality of this and the
other selections from Randolph give rise to
the feeling that an edition of the writings of
that literary and oratorical genius ought to
be collected and published. John Quincy
Adams appears quite as frequently as
Randolph, and the contrast between the
spirits of the two men is clearly shown. If
each was a patriot and a statesman, then it
would seem that they must have been patriots
and statesmen of different countries and
entirely different ideals,— or perhaps one
might say that each was a patriot at certain
times and a politician at certain other times.
In none of these volumes is there a poor or
unrepresentative selection,— except, perhaps,
in connection with military matters. Profes-
sor Hart has somehow, in the busy days of
the last twelvemonth, found time to read a
vast amount of American historical writing
and to select the best for these volumes. I
think no one will complain at the quality of
what is here presented, nor find fault with
the editing,— unless one must complain at
the proofreading which allowed Jacob Wirt
to stand for William Wirt (Vol. I., p. 274),
or the "venerable Ashury" for Bishop
Asbury of missionary and Methodist fame
(Vol. IV., p. 146).
On another score, however, there is some-
thing to be said. During the last ten years
a vast body of material has been gathered and
data collected which compels the historian to
take a wider range. And since Professor
Hart's work is designed to present material
representative of all that our statesmen stood
for, one may ask why there is not somewhat
more to show why the Fathers worked with
such feverish earnestness for a new constitu-
tion in 1787. Even in Professor Hart's
second volume there is good evidence that the
country was recovering from the ills which
gave rise to so much complaint, but nothing
is included to show the economic interests
which underlay the whole agitation for a con-
stitution against which no man could raise
his voice without being branded by Washing-
ton and the rest as fools or knaves.


578
[December 28
THE DIAL
Nor is there anything to show what really
underlay the Hayne-Webster debate. Surely
all good scholars know ere this that it was no
more Webster's devotion to the Union than it
was Hayne's attachment to disunion that gave
meaning to that famous debate. It was
Benton's scheme to reduce the price of public
land in the West to a point considered by the
East as dangerous to her interests which
moved Webster to his eulogy of the Union.
Perhaps Benton's speech of 1826 would have
been more enlightening than either Hayne's
or Webster's thrusts at each other. Of Clay
there is a great deal in these volumes, but
nothing which reveals the real Clay at any
critical time,— say 1825, 1833, or 1843. Per-
haps Clay's writings do not supply the histor-
ian with fair and full views of his character
and purposes.
But the most questionable feature of the
work is the emphasis which it places upon the
jingo element in the utterances of our states-
men. On an early page we find this quota-
tion: "Go on therefore renowned gentlemen,
fall on resolvedly, till your hands cleave to
your swords, your swords to your enemies'
hearts, your hearts to victory." In the second
volume Washington is quoted as saying:
"Building up an army requires time," and
the thought is so frequently 'repeated in
every possible way that one begins to wonder
whether the subject has not somehow got the
better of the editor's judgment. Without
undertaking to enumerate the many pages
which are occupied with the problem of mil-
itary preparedness, it is perfectly plain that
this is the theme of the work, its very raison
d'etre. The word "preparedness" appears
eleven times in the titles of the selections of
the third volume alone; and such phrases as
"squeak the fife and beat the drum," "living
happily like the Chinese," "defenselessness
of the United States," "religious necessity of
a navy," "not to be kicked into war," etc.,
make the tables of contents read much like
the campaign speeches of Mr. Boosevelt.
The effect on the mind of the reader is that
our country is now and ever has been utterly
undefended, and that every one should wax
indignant at the half-criminal negligence of
American leadership. Whether Professor
Hart really desired to make use of his oppor-
tunity for purposes of propaganda is open to
question. He is one of the best known of
American historians; he has trained many
of the younger scholars who are now teach-
ing and writing American history. It is
therefore difficult for the reviewer to believe
such a thing of him. Yet there is now and
has been these two years past a powerful
movement in this country to commit it to the
policy which has wrecked Germany: the
policy which began in the over-emphasis of
nationalism under Bismarck and concluded in
the raw and brutal doctrine that might makes
right. In Germany the greatest historians
became avowed preachers of the cult, and they
went so far as to re-write the history of
ancient Rome to prove that all that was good
in the great republic entered into Caesar, who
was made a god; and that the Hohenzollerns
are the modern Cssars. We cannot read von
Treitschke, Mommsen, or von Sybel without
realizing that we are reading masterful pam-
phleteers. But pamphleteers became the
great masters of young Germany in the late
eighties; and the German school of historians
became the model for the rest of the world
for the reason that in this school there was
ample evidence of great learning.
Shall we produce the next school of pam-
phleteers and call them historians? There is
grave danger of this, and the book under
review is a fine example of how to begin the
undertaking. Patriotism and nationalism are
the slogans of bad men as well as good. There
have always been leaders of the American
people who talked brutally and urged young
men to seize other people's territory, who
swaggered and blustered their way to high
station, and who because of their station may
now be quoted with effect. There are many
powerful men in this country to-day who
want nothing quite so much as scholars who
will find them the justification for deriding
democracy and for endeavoring under the
guise of patriotism to bring about the over-
throw of whatever of popular government we
have been able to maintain. They admire
Germany and intend to imitate her efficiency .-
they demand of our government the kind of
protection in every market that Germany has
given her corporations; they hope to make
of our free and easy society something quite
different from democracy. Nothing aids them
more than to have historians and scientific
men point out the absurdity of popular gov-
ernment and the blessings of universal mil-
itary service,— for wherever the German
system of universal service has been adopted
popular initiative and popular control of
affairs have quickly died. Stability, as they
think, succeeded; order and social stratifica-
tion took the place of disorder and the impu-
dent assumption of airs on the part of
"nobodies." It matters not whether a people
call their system democratic, republican, or
what not,— the real powers are likely to assert
themselves, and in our country these powers
are economic. They do not believe in any


1916]
579
THE DIAL
system that denies them the first places at
the common counsel board.
The fear of the reviewer in laying down
these volumes is that one of the ablest of
American historians has unwittingly allowed
himself to be used by those whom he would
immediately denounce if their true character
were made evident. Nor can we believe Pro-
fessor Hart would for a moment think of
becoming, even in a mild way, a sort of
American von Treitschke. Our history should
rise above mere nationalism, far above par-
tisan or sectional bias, and should set
examples of truth for truth's sake. It should
show men how the world came to be what it
is, and not how any particular nation may
become a world power or an empire. We are
citizens of the world, not of the United States,
as Jefferson and many another of our Revolu-
tionary leaders were fond of saying. "What
better place shall we have in the world than
the Germans or others who have perverted
history if we too worship at the shrine of
nationalism, which is only a sort of provincial-
ism? William E. Dodd.
the ilellgions and mokals of the
World.*
Every new volume of the "Encyclopaedia of
Religion and Ethics" lays the theologian and
the ethical teacher, as well as the general
reader, under fresh obligations, and adds to
the reputation of its resourceful editor. Dr.
Hastings is carrying out his ambitious plan
with a marked degree of success. The inter-
national character of the work is not allowed
to suffer from the war. Even the volumes
published since the outbreak of hostilities con-
tain many valuable articles by German and
Austrian scholars; the French, Russian, and
Japanese savants, like the Dutch and Scandi-
navian, were selected years ago because of
eminence in their respective fields; some
important articles have been entrusted to
American theologians and philosophers, and
an American scholar, Dr. Louis H. Gray, has
been made assistant editor. Among the con-
tributors are Jews and Gentiles, Christians
(Roman Catholics and Greek Orthodox as
well as Protestants) and independents. It is
well to be reminded at the present time that
such a cooperation of scientific investigators,
regardless of race, nationality, and religious
affiliation, is the normal thing and altogether
necessary for the best results.
* Encyclopaedia or Religion and Ethics. Edited by
James Hastings, with the assistance of John A. Selbie and
Louis H. Gray. Volumes II. VIII. New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons. Per vol., |7.
The outstanding features of this encyclo-
paedia are the numerous articles on primitive
religions and less known countries and
peoples, and the highly composite articles on
important religious and ethical ideas, customs,
and institutions. Much attention has been
given in recent years to the social conditions
of peoples still remaining on comparatively
low stages of development in various parts of
the world. Excellent summaries of the
results, so far as religion and morals are con-
cerned, will be found in the articles on
Australia (by Thomas), Australasia (by
Keane), Buriats (by Klementz), Indo-China
(by Cabaton), Indonesians (by Frazer),
Dravidians (by Crooke and Frazer), Hotten-
tots (by Hartland), the various tribes of
American Indians (by Gray), and many
others. There are especially rich contribu-
tions to our knowledge of India. In his arti-
cle on Ethnology, Dr. Keane concludes that
"man gradually spread from his Indo-Malay-
sian home to the uttermost confines of the
habitable globe," and that "the main divisions
of mankind may be regarded as being
descended in their several zones from four un-
differentiated Pleistocene ancestral groups."
The four races are the White, Black, Yellow,
and Red, with their cradle lands respectively
in North Africa, South Africa, the Tibetan
plateau, and the Americas. The classification
of known peoples is useful, though incomplete
(Sumerians,Elamites,and others are omitted),
tentative, and dubious. Scholars will not
readily agree with Dr. Keane that the Philis-
tines were Semites, the Pelasgians Hamites,
the so-called Dravidian peoples Caucasians,
and the Cro Magnon race neolithic. Biolog-
ical and ethical evolution is excellently treated
by Drs. Punnett and Clodd. Among the
numerous achievements hoped for from ethi-
cal evolution, the abolition of war is not men-
tioned. On this terrible and inexcusable form
of barbarism the religious and ethical systems
described in these volumes are strangely silent.
The Friends, we are told, condemn it, and the
Ethical Movement seeks its suppression by an
international organization. The trifling arti-
cle on Internationality does not touch upon
it, and there is no treatment of Cosmopolitan-
ism.
The composite articles on ideas and insti-
tutions are often exceedingly valuable, each
subdivision being treated by some eminent
specialist. In many instances it would be
difficult to find anywhere else a more authori-
tative and comprehensive discussion. Differ-
ent conceptions of their task by the various
writers could scarcely be avoided, and the
character of the only available sources is


580
[December 28
THE DIAL
sometimes responsible for a disappointing
result. Under Ethics we have a bright pic-
ture of the ancient Germans, while the Celts
present a very gruesome aspect. In the
former case the virtues were used for classifi-
cation, in the latter the vices; and the one-
sidedness of Tacitus is as evident as that of
Cicero or Csesar, though it had a different
cause. One writer gives a description, from
fragmentary sources, of the moral character-
istics of a pagan nation, another his idealistic
conception of what constitutes Jewish or
Christian ethics. In a number of articles of
this type there is a regrettable lack of com-
prehensiveness. Thus, under the caption of
Drama, much curious and interesting infor-
mation is given concerning this form of poetry
among native Americans, Arabs, Chinese,
Japanese, Jews, Persians, and Polynesians,
and there are good descriptions of the Greek,
Indian, and Roman drama. But the reader
finds to his amazement that there is no discus-
sion of French, Spanish, Italian, English, Ger-
man, or Scandinavian drama. A separate
article is indeed devoted to Ibsen; but there
are none on Moliere, Corneille, Metastasio,
Holberg, Echegaray, Hauptmann, or Maeter-
linck. Similarly, the article on Literature
deals with the writings of Babylonians and
Egyptians, American Indians and Dravidians,
Chinese, Brahmins, and Parsis; but there is
no attempt to appreciate from the standpoint
of religion and ethics the great literatures of
European peoples in recent times. The great
article on Education describes and discusses
everything within its scope except the systems
of higher and lower education in Europe and
America in the last centuries. The prmceptor
Germanics is not mentioned, and there is no
article on Melanchthon. Japanese marriage is
described, but not Chinese.
Such perplexing gaps are noticeable also
in the religious field. In reviewing the first
volume (The Dial, Nov. 16, 1909), the pres-
ent writer expressed the hope that there would
be more separate articles on the leading gods.
The general plan does not seem to have per-
mitted this. By comparison, the goddesses
fare better. There are articles on Cybele,
Ishtar, Isis, Matronae, Mother-goddesses;
there are none on Marduk, Assur, Horus,
Chemosh, or even Yahwe. Originally there
seems to have been a purpose to devote an
article to the god of the Hebrews. In Volume
VI. (p. 254) there is a reference to Jahweh
(the J to be pronounced in German fashion)
for the occurrence of the name in Babylonian
documents. Under the title Jahweh there is
only a reference to Israel, where these docu-
ments are not mentioned, and there is no com-
prehensive discussion of the name. It is in
vain to look for Moses, for there is no article
on this personage, scarcely touched upon at
all in the discussion of Israel. Ancient Israel
has been strangely neglected in this encyclo-
paedia. There are no articles on Amos or
Hosea, Isaiah or Jeremiah. One of the great
masterpieces of the world's literature, Job, is
nowhere discussed. The Old Testament, under
the heading "Bible," was assigned to a distin-
guished New Testament scholar, Dr. Sanday,
who thinks it probable that the nucleus of the
Pentateuch was committed to writing by
Moses, "whose figure must exceed that of the
grandest of the later prophets"; he gives a
few lines to these, mentions Job, and discusses
at great length questions of canonicity and
inspiration. While every holy city of India
seems to be remembered, Jerusalem is for-
gotten; Bethlehem and Hebron are not to
be compared with Kapilavastu and Hardwar.
One would have been grateful for descrip-
tions of Kerbela and Kairawan, along with
those on Mecca and Medina.
Dr. W. T. Davison describes the "Biblical
and Christian God" from the standpoint of
an almost unwavering orthodoxy. There are
a few pathetic touches of modernism. "It may
not lightly be taken for granted," he says,
"that the God of Noah, of Abraham, of Moses,
was identical in all respects with the God of
the Jahwistic writer of 850 B. C, or of the
Priestly Code after the Exile." The theolog-
ical opinions of the mythical hero of the flood
are compared with those of the hypothetical
authors conjured up by the reigning critical
dynasty! "If Matt, xxviii, 19, contains the
exact words of the Saviour," he observes, "He
did before His ascension virtually lay down
this doctrine" (of the Trinity). Are we to
infer that, if they are not, neither Jesus nor
the evangelists knew, or thought it worth
while to reveal, the secret finally confided to
the wrangling bishops of Nicaea? Andrew
Lang's spirited contention for the Australian
All-Father (God, Primitive and Savage)
should be compared with Soderblom's more
balanced conception in Gudstrons uppkomst
(Upsala, 1914). Wiedemann's description of
Amenhotep IV. (God, Egyptian) is important,
as it shows how little ground there is for
regarding him as "the first monotheist in his-
tory."
An American theologian, Dr. W. D.
Mackenzie, was entrusted with the article on
Jesus Christ. It is learned, thoughtful, and
well arranged; it presents the growth of
Christology in an admirable manner, and, in
spite of a strong conservative bias, manifestly
seeks to meet modern criticism on its own


1916]
581
THE DIAL
ground. From the author's standpoint, how-
ever, this latter is not an easy thing. Where
the fundamental conceptions are so different
it cannot but be extremely difficult to realize
the historic problems and to appreciate the
full force of philological and exegetical argu-
ments. Thaumaturgic powers, sinlessness, a
Messianic consciousness based on metaphysical
uniqueness, virgin birth, resurrection, and
ascension are readily assumed by one who is
able to conceive of Jesus as a god walking on
earth in order to discover by personal exper-
ience and "to taste what it is to be a man";
while the scholar whose chief interest is to
find out, by ordinary historic methods, by
textual and literary criticism, and by retrover-
sion of the sayings recorded in Greek into the
Aramaic vernacular of Jesus, what manner of
man he was, what were his ideas and ideals,
and what is the moral value of his contribu-
tions to the life of the race, as naturally
comes to take it as a matter of course that the
prophet of Nazareth was a human being, and
not something else. When the character of
the sources is considered, it is no more remark-
able that "liberal" interpreters should differ
in details, or even in the general estimate,
than it is in the case of many other subjects
of historic investigation. The curious alli-
ance of orthodoxy with the ill-founded scepti-
cism of Smith and Drews is not likely to stop
the scientific quest for the real Jesus of his-
tory. Writing on the Gospels, Dr. Burkitt
dates Mark 65-70 A. D., Matthew 80-100 A. D.,
Luke 100 A. D., and John 100-110 A. D. He
clearly shows what must be thought concern-
ing the historic worth of the Fourth Gospel;
as is common at the present time, he exagger-
ates the age and significance of Mark. Dr.
Sanday, in his article on the Bible, identifies
the synoptic source sought by modern scholars
with the Matthaean Logia of Papias. He does
not mention that Papias only knew of an
Aramaic work of Matthew, now lost, and that
many scholars have regarded a translation of
this work as the nucleus of our Greek
Matthew.
An instructive sketch of the sixteen
branches of the Greek Orthodox Church is
given by Dr. Troitsky; it contains, however,
no description of its leading theologians or
spiritual life. There are no articles on Barna-
bas, Hennas, Ignatius, Clement of Rome,
Clement of Alexandria, Irenaeus, or the
Apostolic Fathers in general; although
Basilides, Marcion, and Montanus are remem-
bered. Dr. Scott thinks it possible to recon-
struct the earlier type of Gnosticism, before
the great systems, from our third century
works, and regards the Hermetic literature as
"our chief existing record of pre-Christian
gnosticism"; while Dr. Stock (writing on
Hermes Trismegistus) concludes that "these
works were composed between A. D. 313 and
330," Dr. Scott does not mention the pagan
gnosticism of the Mandaeans, treated in a
masterly manner by Dr. Brandt. In his
eulogy of Luther, Dr. Jacobs glosses over both
the serious faults of the great reformer and
his peculiar attitude to the canon of Scrip-
ture. Dr. Orr, in his apologetic way, frees
Calvin from all responsibility for the judicial
murder of Servetus, and makes no mention
of his attitude of Castellio. Flacius is deemed
more worthy of an article than Melanchthon;
his importance as an exegete is overestimated.
Denck and Franck, like Castellio, are passed
over in silence; but there is an article on
Enthusiasts, reminding one of the Pantheon
Anabaptisticum, where the heresies of some
of their less clear-headed friends are recorded;
and the catalogue is continued down to date,
without omission of Mohammed, who is
treated after the manner of Marraccio. Thus
it happens that Frank Sanford and "Elijah"
Dowie are introduced where there is no place
for Finney and Moody, Charming, Beecher,
and Phillips Brooks, any more than for
Bourdaloue, Bossuet, and Fenelon, or
Lamennais and Mazzini. One phase of
American theology is interestingly described
in Dr. Warfield's article on Jonathan
Edwards, and a graceful tribute is paid to
Emerson by Dr. J. M. E. Boss, a Presbyterian
minister.
The various aspects of Buddhism are, as a
rule, presented with ample knowledge and
good judgment; but Dr. Geden's statement
(God, Buddhist) concerning Gautama that
"in all probability he himself shared the
ordinary views of his contemporaries as
regards the being and nature of God" is a
sheer assumption, without any foundation in
our oldest sources, and contrary to the general
tenor of his teaching. Dr. Margoliouth 's treat-
ment of Mohammed is characterized by great
learning, keen criticism, and an almost total
lack of sympathy. He proceeds on "the
theory that Islam is primarily a political
adventure," and maintains that "it is impos-
sible to find any doctrine which he is not pre-
pared to abandon in order to secure a political
end,"—even "the unity of God and his claim
to the title of Prophet." On a fairer inter-
pretation, the instances which Dr. Margoli-
outh probably has in mind do not bear out
this charge, and may even be cited as evi-
dences of Mohammed's sincerity. Unfortu-
nately, we know much less of the "warner" of
Mecca than of the civil and religious ruler


582
[December 28
THE DIAL
of Medina; but what we know does not war-
rant our questioning a genuine spiritual
experience and high moral aims in the earlier
period, however we may regret the many
errors of his later life. Without a recogni-
tion of this the religion he founded cannot be
understood. Dr. Margoliouth's conception
of the Harranians is noteworthy, if not
altogether free from objections. Dr. Weir's
reference to the "Christian Sabians" (Moham-
medanism) is inexplicable. Dr. Farnell's
description of Greek Religion is a model of
its kind.
As regards Logos, Dr. Inge's statement that
"the authors of the Septuagint use it to trans-
late the Hebrew Memra" is wrong and mis-
leading; the Memra of the Aramaic Targums
is not found in the Hebrew Bible, and the
Greek version does not show the slightest trace
of the Logos speculation. Dr. Gilbert thinks
that the importance of the Kingdom of God
in the thought of Jesus can be gauged by the
comparatively rare occurrence of the term in
the so-called Logia or Q, where it is found
only eight times against seventeen in Matthew.
Can the naive faith in a purely hypothetical
document, made in Germany the other day,
go further than this? Discoursing on the
important topic of Immortality, Dr. Mellone
leaves out as irrelevant the inquiry as to the
origin and development of the idea, steers
clear of spirit-rappings as well as resurrec-
tions, does not trouble himself about the souls
of Pithecanthropus erectus, his ancestors, or
his descendants in the embryonic state,
rejects conditional immortality, is not satisfied
with posthumous influence, ignores hell, and
declares in favor of an eternal developing and
perfecting of every human personality.
Typographical errors are extremely rare in
ihese new volumes. "Xousares" should be
"Dousares" (Vol. VI., p. 421); the Mandaic
word for Sunday is correctly given in Syriac
letters,but wrongly transliterated (Vol. VIII.,
p. 389). In the case of "Jahiliya" for
"Jahiliya," the worst is not the spelling;
Fallaize has misunderstood Robertson Smith's
translation of a passage from the Kitab al
Aghani. "Jahiliya" is not a place-name, it
means "ignorance," and refers to the period
before Mohammed. The Mohammedan era
still continues to be employed in various arti-
cles, often without reduction of the dates;
writers on Roman history have ceased dating
events ab urbe condita.
It is to be hoped that a general index to the
complete work will be added, like that in "The
Encyclopaedia Britannica," as there is no ade-
quate system of cross-references.
A somewhat careful reading of these seven
volumes, each of which contains about a mil-
lion words, has left upon the mind of the
reviewer two strong impressions. It is a
treasury of well sifted information for which
every student must be grateful. In it Chris-
tianity is presented side by side with the other
religions, and religion is placed in its larger
social setting. On the other hand, the apolo-
getic manner in which topics related to
Christianity are treated contrasts painfully
with the scientific spirit characteristic of
practically all other departments of the great
work.
Nathaniel Schmidt.
An Kightkenth Century Gallant.'
In rewarming the old fires of an eighteenth
century romance Mrs. Webster has contrived
to avoid that archness of manner which ladies
who re-edit court memoirs so generally
assume. There is not a snigger in the volume.
This, in itself, is an achievement. Indeed she
describes the celebrated affair of the Cheva-
lier de Bouffiers and the Comtesse de Sabran
with sympathy, dignity, and perhaps a certain
solemnity. With no gusto whatever for
scandalous anecdote, she explains patiently to
her not too erudite readers conditions in the
French court which must strike them as
strangely different from the home life of the
late Queen Victoria. Her book makes no
claims as to original research or historical
discovery. Rather it is a compilation from
various sources of much that pertains to the
famous Chevalier de Boufilers and his grande
passion, arranged in a coherent and readable
fashion so that even the most insular Briton
derives from its perusal a more sympathetic
understanding of the men and women of the
times of Louis Sixteenth and the French
Revolution.
Mrs. Webster is less successful in attempt-
ing to paint the highly colored background
of the period than in her delineation of the
two principal characters. The Chevalier de
Boufflers and the Comtesse de Sabran are
made real to us through the medium of their
own correspondence, an extraordinary corre-
spondence covering many years and all the
emotions of humanity, ranging from the light-
est gossip and airiest philosophy to tumul-
tuous outpourings and passionate reproaches,
— singularly human, wholly free from the
pedantry or artificiality one sometimes expects
in eighteenth century letters. Their authors
write with perfect simplicity, freshness, and
• The Chevalier de Boufflers. By Nests H. Webster.
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. $4.


1916]
583
THE DIAL
charm, all the ease of the great world, all
the frankness of great souls, and with a keen
delight in their own facility at epigram and
vivid description. Mrs. Webster has been
wise to quote copiously from their letters. On
the other hand, her translations are not
always happy and one wishes that she had
appended the originals more consistently. It
is not easy to render in English the grace of
de Boufflers's: "Les vrais plaisirs n'ont pas
d 'age: ils ressemblent aux anges, qui sont des
enfants eternels"; or the Comtesse's: "Ce
qu'il y a de plus a desirer, c'est d'etre bien
trompe jusqu'a son dernier jour." One
wishes, too, that more of the delightful and
often improper songs of the Chevalier had
been included in this book, songs which, as
Chamfort said to him,
Sont cites par toute la France;
On sait par cour ces riens charmants
Que tu produis avec aisance.
He inherited this gift of easy, graceful
versification from his mother, the delightful
Madame de Boufflers, who ruled the easy
court at Luneville. She was a charming lady,
as famous for her wit as her inconstancy, and
her son may have learned from her the art
of conversation, as well as of versifying.
II faut dire en deux mots
Ce qu'on veut dire;
Les longs propos
Sont sots.
The brilliant and worldly son of a brilliant
and worldly mother, de Boufflers was destined
for the Church. While at the seminary, he
delighted the fashionable world with the pub-
lication of "Aline, Reine de Golconde," a
story which had an extraordinary vogue at
the time, and which resulted in his giving up
the career of an abbe, an event which he cel-
ebrated in the following lines:
J'ai quitt£ ma soutane
Malgre tous mes parents;
Je veux que Dieu me damne
Si jamais je la prends.
Eh! mais oui da,
Comment peut-on trouver du mal a eaf
Eli! mais oui da,
Se fera pretre qui voudra.
Henceforward he wandered through
Europe, a poet, an artist, adored by Voltaire
and many ladies, a soldier and a courtier. He
was of a curiously frank turn, and indeed
was little suited to diplomacy or the obse-
quious knee-service of the court. He once
wrote: "II n'y a que Dieu qui ait un assez
grand fonds de gaiete pour ne pas s'ennuyer
de tous les hommages qu'on lui rend." He
was, however, one of the most popular men
of his time; his extraordinary wit and gaiety,
his originality and charm made him in
demand everywhere, while his natural good
taste never let him become merely the buffoon.
Famous for his gallantries, he was in no sense
a cold voluptuary or a cynical seducteur.
The Prince de Ligne said of him that the
foundation of his character was "une bontc
sans mesure," and perhaps so many ladies
loved him for the simple reason that he was
very lovable. With all his intellectual power,
personal charm, and position at court, de
Boufflers never achieved high place or per-
manent accomplishment. He was indeed
Governor of Senegal, where he worked nobly
for the amelioration of the lot of the wretched
natives, slaves and free, and he was prominent
as a member of the States-General which ush-
ered in the Revolution where he labored
with enthusiasm and devotion, to no effect
whatever.
To most people the central fact of his life
was his long love affair with the Comtesse de
Sabran. When he met her first she was the
young widow of the old, heroic Comte de
Sabran, famous for many gallant exploits, the
best known of which was his glorious fight
of the "Centaure" against four English men
of war, a fight of seven hours duration, which
was only concluded when "with broken masts
and torn sails, and with eleven bullet-wounds
in his own body,— his ammunition exhausted.
and the last cannon — charged with his silver
plate," he struck his flag. At sixty-nine the
old sailor married Eleonore de Jean, a girl
of nineteen, a girl so candid, innocent, and
lovely that the cynical court of Louis XV.
delighted to honor her with the title of "Fleur
des Champs." After the death of the old
Comte de Sabran, the young widow, one of
the great ladies of France, was courted by
many, but her one lover was de Boufflers.
In spite of his inconstancy and inconsistency,
she never wavered in her devotion, and in
his fashion he loved her very truly. Lovers
for almost twenty years, they were not mar-
ried until, in the wreckage of the Revolution,
the scruples which prevented the penniless
Chevalier from taking such a step were
washed away, and in their old age their
troubled, passionate careers subsided sweetly
and happily into love in a cottage. Their
lives covered the reigns of two kings, the
French Revolution, the Directory, and the
age of Napoleon. Their letters express the
reactions of those vivid days on intense, sin-
cere, and brilliant minds. Their lives are
well worth study. Mrs. Webster is to be
thanked for presenting them for the first
time to English readers in such a thorough
and sympathetic way.
Richard E. Danielson.


584
[December 28
THE DIAL
The New Spirit.*
Professor Perry has written a book of
essays which looks squarely toward the
future, and the best of them are the ones in
which he explains why as an independent
civilian and a thoughtful American he has
become a convert to the doctrine of universal
service.
Three years ago such a book as this was
not in evidence; our thinking has become
quickened since then. "Ordeal by Battle,"
a stirring volume by Mr. F. S. Oliver, the
disciple and friend of Lord Roberts, served
as spur to many. But this vigorous and
uncompromising appeal somehow seemed too
completely based on one particular factor-
that of German aggressiveness—and too fatal-
istic in its conception of an eternity of
Spartan preparedness against the danger of
once more being thus caught unawares. Pro-
fessor Perry is more moderate. His imme-
diate impetus to write seems to have come
from his attendance at one of the first Platts-
burg training camps. The spirit of the
camps, the utter weariness of marching and
fighting under pack followed by glorious
moments of unrestrained repose, the subjec-
tion of unessential idiosyncrasies to a common
purpose, the daily dedication of the work, its
drudgery as well as its interest, in the salute
to the flag at retreat,— all this he has suc-
ceeded in expressing simply and with real
penetration in an essay modestly entitled
"The Impressions of a Plattsburg Recruit."
And in the main his argument is the one
that is current there: "the right to vote
implies the duty to serve,"— an opinion
which is probably concurred in no more
heartily by the Plattsburg "rookies," who
enjoy their service, than by the Mexican
militiamen who do n 't enjoy theirs. Professor
Perry is a firm believer in the right to call
upon all available force in the defence of
national as well as individual ideals.
He who takes up arms must enter the service of
peace. This is not a mere paradox or the echo of
a prevailing sentiment, but honest downright morals.
Universalism must take precedence of nationalism
on the same ground that entitles nationalism to take
precedence of individualism. Nationalism is a
higher principle of action than individualism by all
the other individuals of whom it takes account. A
nation is not a mystical entity other than you and
me, but it is more than you or me inasmuch as it
is both of us and still more besides. Similarly,
humanity is more than nationality, not because it
is different, but because it is bigger and more per-
manent.
• The Fbee Man and the Soldier. Essays on the Recon-
ciliation of Liberty and Discipline. By Ralph Barton Perry,
Professor of Philosophy in Harvard University. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.40.
And the solution for any national aggres-
sive tendencies connected with national arm-
ament he finds in "The Tolerance of Nations,"
which is akin to the tolerance of religions:
"Peace itself lias to be redeemed, and that
which alone will save it will be an eager
championship of differing national ideals, a
generous rivalry in well-doing, the athlete's
love of a strong opponent, and the positive
relish for diverse equality." There is a
refreshing absence of "America First" in his
advocacy of the whole proposal.
But what makes one doubtful of Professor
Perry's universalism is his handy assumption
that nations have a unity like that of individ-
uals. They tend to acquire one in time of
war, and they will tend to remain so possessed
after war. But to agree upon the existence
of a national culture, whether legitimate and
respectful of the rights of others or not, and
to classify and limit the individual's activities
by his relation to that culture, smacks of the
mediaeval church's dealings with science.
This war provides an instance: the "Pac-
ifists" who oppose it in Germany are
applauded here; the lukewarm or critical
"Pacifists" in England are condemned. And
yet the attitude and motives of Ramsey
Macdonald and Dr. Liebknecht are probably
as nearly alike as those of any two human
beings.
A situation which develops such a paradox
cannot be the solution of the national-inter-
national problem. Peace must come from
within the individual, from the encourage-
ment of his willingness to play fair and at
the same time to esteem whatever is best in
another's nation. Such an attitude is not
opposed to caution, but it is a shift from the
suspicion-basis of modern statecraft. It rec-
ognizes the necessity of giving the fullest
decision to untrammelled individual opinion
as the only antidote to the oft repeated phe-
nomenon of a national stampede. And for
this, despite his insistence upon the impor-
tance of educating the freeman-soldier, Pro-
fessor Perry's "reconciliation of liberty and
discipline" must prove inadequate. For, as
he says:
If a man's conscience is offended, so much the
worse for his conscience. What he needs is a new
conscience which will teach him to keep the faith
with his fellows until such time as their common
understanding and their controlling policy shall have
been modified. The man who refuses to obey the
law or play the game because he has been outvoted is
more likely to be afflicted with peevishness or egotism
than exalted by heroism.
It would be unfair to believe that Professor
Perry's inspiring experiences at Plattsburg
have influenced his philosophic plea. But


1916]
585
THE DIAL
perhaps the elan of such voluntary service
may have caused him to forget that much of
its peculiar sanctity would be lost if it were
to become a matter of compulsory routine in
every man's life,— simply a certificate of his
physical fitness. There is no call for gilding
over an additional burden by dwelling on its
incidental advantages. Universal service may
be a military necessity; if it is, let us have it
with as little delay and friction as possible.
But we should adopt it on that ground alone.
There is no reason for yielding to our instinct,
a guileless offshoot of Puritanism, and once
more making a necessity out of what is now
at any rate something of a virtue.
Graham Alois.
Tiik Activities of thade Unions.*
So far as it goes, Professor Groat's "Intro-
duction to the Study of Organized Labor in
America" is an admirable book. But there
will lurk in the reader's mind a suspicion
that the time end material have to a large
extent been wasted, not on account of failure
to accomplish the task set, but because of
the nature of the task itself.
No one deprecates more than the reviewer
the ostentatious display of bibliographical
apparatus, customary in books of this kind.
Professor Groat decided to keep his pages free
from the interruptions of references, although
in "cases where the authorities could be
definitely stated, they are named in the body
of the text." This is unobjectionable, the
author says, for the reasons that the material
is not so new that critics will wish to verify
it, and the sources are so widely scattered as
not to be readily available. The validity of
both these reasons may be doubted, and the
result will not be entirely satisfactory either
to the general reader or to the student who
has not the assistance of an instructor's lec-
tures; for general statements are made con-
cerning many important matters, and if the
sources are mentioned it is with an ofttimes
apparently nonchalant indifference to chapter
and verse. It follows that those interested —
and Professor Groat undoubtedly hopes that
his readers will not stop with this "Introduc-
tion"— can only achieve further information
after a considerable search. The reader is
only irritated, for example, to be told that a
certain definition of a boycott was given by
Justice Blank of a state court, and not be
able to have the case reference to ascertain
* An Introduction to the Study of Organizes Labor in
America. By George Gorham Groat, Ph.D. New York:
Macmillan Co. $1.75.
the nature of the opinion. And the scant
list of authorities which are mentioned very
generally in the preface by no means does
justice to an immense amount of important
literature which is now being intensively
explored, largely by the Economics Seminary
of the Johns Hopkins University.
Practically all the present-day trade union
problems are to some extent covered by Pro-
fessor Groat's discussion. He first furnishes
a slight background for the modern organiza-
tions by considering wage theories and the
development of industrial conditions. After
a survey of the structure of the unions and
their government, he passes to the problem of
collective bargaining, and then takes up the
strike, arbitration, the boycott, the closed
shop, and trade agreements. Separate sec-
tions deal with the political activities of
unions and revolutionary industrialism.
All this is preeminently descriptive, and
so completely and accurately done that the
volume will probably supplant previous ones
in text-book availability and value for the
general reader. The material it contains is
more than that necessary for a mere intro-
duction; and the treatment, while clear and
concise, is by no means elementary. Natur-
ally enough, the author is a believer in union-
ism, and approves many of the union methods
and demands in the struggle with capital;
but his bias is nowhere pronounced, and both
sides of the questions are always presented.
But as an interpretative piece of work the
book is a failure,— and this is the second
reason why, in the opinion of the reviewer,
the time and material have perhaps been
wasted. Possibly Professor Groat's purpose
was simply to describe the fairly obvious;
yet there are some fundamental questions
which must be answered before the labor
movement can be understood. What is the
economic and ethical philosophy of the trade
unionist? What code of ethics can sanction,
for example, the insistence of the railway
brotherhoods that their demands be met, with
their programme of a national strike as the
alternative? Is it right, furthermore, for
innocent employers to be injured by a sym-
pathetic strike to enforce the claims of union-
ists whose employers are not innocent? And
there are many questions of a similar nature
which arise in a discussion of such revolu-
tionary movements as syndicalism and sabot-
age.
The treatment of these questions is of the
briefest. By this criticism it is not meant
that a single author can within the limits of
an "Introduction" give full discussions of


586
[December 28
THE DIAL
these ethical problems; but it does not seem
too much to ask that the problems be
indicated and a few of the varying views set
forth, so that the reader may know by what
norms, if any, the successful struggle of the
labor class may be justified.
Lindsay Rogers.
Recent Fiction.*
American writers have always done well
with short-stories. Irving, Hawthorne, and
Poe wrote famous short-stories at a time when
few in our country were successful in their
effort to write long ones, and since then the
short-story has been one of the established
forms of fiction. It is certainly one of the
most popular forms, if we may judge from
the great number of periodicals which seem to
depend mainly on the magnet of brief fiction.
Supplying the demand has become a trade
which anyone can learn, according to the
advertisements of the trade schools of the
craft. Not many of the innumerable short-
stories written, however, are preserved to
posterity, indeed few ever appear in the solid
form of the bound volume. There is no com-
parison between the number of novels pub-
lished and the number of collections of
short-stories. Publishers are likely to decline
the latter without thanks. People hesitate
before picking up a collection unless it is by
somebody well known. There seems to be a
feeling that they are well enough in magazines
or newspapers, but that they are rather
ephemeral. Mr. Bliss Perry some time ago
said, "Here is a form of literature easy to
write and easy to read." However it may be
with the writing of really good short-stories,
it is generally easier to read a short story
than a part of a long one, which is probably
the reason for the great number of story-
magazines.
In spite of all this, there are still many fine
short-stories, and great reputations have been
founded on them. Kipling and Conan Doyle
would stand much where they stand now had
they never written novels. The talent of
0. Henry found ample scope in the briefer
form, and the great reputation of the late
Jack London was made chiefly by his short-
stories. Most of our writers of fiction at the
present day, however, are best known by their
novels. Such is the case with Mrs. Edith
Wharton. Following the realistic tradition,
• Xinou, and Other Stories. By Edith Wharton. New
York: Charles Scribncr's Sons. $1.36.
Short Stories from Life. With an Introduction by
Thomas L. Masson. New York: Doubleday, Page £ Co.
$1.26.
— if we have in mind Henry James and Guy
de Maupassant, who were, I suppose, the chief
influences of the nineties in the particular
form of art which interested her,— she often
puts her impressions of life into short-stories
or even sketches of character. But she is at
her best in her novels. She has the grasp of
fact and the power of imagination and the
sense of art that sometimes contrive to make
the reading of a novel a memorable expe-
rience. We have in "Xingu" a number of
stories which were mostly written, it would
seem, before her work in France; at least they
show little effect of what has been'a remark-
able period in her life. Two of the stories —
one of them the best of the collection — are
French in subject, but the others are views
of the world which Mrs. Wharton's readers
already know. Situations in the individual
life, developments or contrasts of character,
ironic phases, are recounted in a slow natural
way, with all the implications and suggestions
of life itself. "Xingu," the story that gives
its name to the collection, is a lighter bit and
very amusing, though on a subject hardly
worth Mrs. Wharton's attention. The false
culture of the ladies' library club is to our
generation one of the conventional sources of
humor, somewhat as the goat who ate tomato-
cans and the man who put up stove-pipes used
to be in the last generation. There are
undoubtedly women who run after literary
notabilities, who carry around volumes of
"Appropriate Allusions," who quote literary
opinions or catchwords without much idea of
their meaning, who really care more for social
amusement than for literature; but even if
there are, it seems hardly worth while to say
so again unless one says it exceedingly well.
Aside from this (somewhat priggish) consid-
eration, "Xingu" is certainly most amusing.
The best in the collection, however, is "Com-
ing Home," a story of the war where Mrs.
Wharton uses her skill in something she
clearly thought (and rightly) well worth
doing.
"Short Stories from Life" comes in con-
veniently for one who is interested in getting
an idea of what short-story writers nowadays
are trying to do. If our other collection
offered fair examples of literature, this col-
lection might show the general run of the
short-story as it appears in the periodical of
to-day. It does not do exactly that because
the stories in the collection are all pretty
short. "Life," it appears, was interested in
knowing how short a story could be, and
therefore opened a competition with terms
which should encourage the extreme of
brevity. This was managed by the ingenious


1916]
587
THE DIAL
device of paying for the stories that were pub-
lished at the rate of ten cents for every word
less than fifteen hundred—paying, one might
say, for what was left out instead of for what
was there. That, of course, set a standard of
extreme shortness; none of Mrs. Wharton's
stories would have brought a cent in the
competition.
It would be hard to say offhand just how
good or bad these stories are. To read the
book through is like trying to dine on nine
cocktails, eighteen hors d'ceuvres, eighteen
pieces of cheese, eighteen liqueurs, nine demi-
tasses, and nine cigarettes, making eighty-one
courses in all, which is too long even for a
Chinese banquet. Or if not too long, it is
long enough to spoil any delicacy of taste. It
would take eighty-one hours to criticize it
fairly. Fortunately the Introduction by the
managing editor of "Life" suggests some sort
of criterion. Mr. Masson says that "a short-
story must be a picture out of real life which
gives the reader a definite sensation." One
may doubt this very seriously; many good
stories are really stories and not pictures at
all. In writing of the technique of the short-
story, however, Mr. Masson says that its words
should not suggest "the fatal thought that
the author is dependent upon others for his
phrasing. When, for example, we read 'With
a glad cry she threw her arms about him' 'A
hoarse shout went up from the vast throng'
'He flicked the ashes,' we know at once that
the author is dealing only in echoes." This
is interesting, partly because one of these test-
phrases occurs (in a slightly different form,
"nicking the ash") in the story which gained
the second prize. It would be a foolish
attempt at smartness to ask what must be the
case with the others when the next to the best
was at fault in so fatal a manner. Perhaps
one would not agree that the test-phrases are
perfectly reliable. Whether they are or not,
the general idea is of course right, as well as
that about the short-story coming out of real
life. We feel that originality of seeing and
writing is more likely to result in something
good than the use of old, even well-tried
material; we want something that a man sees
for himself and tells for himself, not some-
thing that is but an echo of what may be read
better elsewhere. These stories from "Life"
do not stand that test so well as Mrs.
Wharton's. I must confess that the story
about the ladies' club talking about Xingu
has some echoes in it, but in the main Mrs.
Wharton is interested in things she has
observed for herself, or heard of, in the great
procession of life as it goes by.
The authors of the stories from "Life"
often tell us of matters which I do not believe
came direct from real life. Take the story
which gained the first prize. It is the tale of
a German commander of a submarine engaged
to an American girl, who, after he has been
highly praised for sinking a great ocean liner,
finds that his fiancee was on board. Possibly
that is a "picture out of real life"; it may
not be "dealing in echoes"; but I have my
doubts. It seems to me rather a case con-
structed to illustrate the somewhat common-
place idea of a certain irony in life or a cer-
tain poetic justice or something of the sort.
Many of the tales are more like the real thing.
The story which seems to me to smack most
of real life is one called "The Old Grove
Crossing," in which a judge on the bench and
a leader of the bar amuse themselves in court
one day in rivalry in a conventional piece of
sentimental rhodomontade. One good thing
about the story is that the author austerely
hides from us the fact (if it be one) that they
both knew the whole thing was conventional.
That seems very like life indeed; perhaps
they thought they were genuine, perhaps not.
Who can say? I presume I have rather a
prejudiced view on this question because I
sent, a story to this competition which really
was a transcript of a piece of life I found in a
seventeenth century town-record. Perhaps
(beside being poor in other ways), it did not
seem to the judges to be a picture out of real
life, although it was. If it had echoes in it
(and it certainly did), they were echoes of
the record. The fact is that we do not always
recognize real life when we see it. These
stories offer one a good opportunity for
amusement in testing the matter. Is Mrs.
Wharton really like life? Are the seventy-
two authors of the eighty-one stories? If one
can answer that question, one will have a test
that will enable one to enjoy much and reject
more in the fiction of our day.
Edward E. Hale.
Notes ox New Fiction.
It is safe to say that nobody who has read Booth
Tarkington's "Seventeen" will ever quite dare to
be seventeen again. But "Penrod and Sam,"
its successor, though quite as jolly, has exactly the
contrary effect of making the reader long for a
return of the conscienceless, adventurous age of
ten. Mr. Tarkington is a master of the small
boy's language and temperament; he understands
his longings and his disgusts and his temporary
ambitions; he has the rare power of reduplicating
intonation in print, which is half the outfit of any
humorist. When Penrod is deepest-dyed in inward
guilt, then is he most righteous in his own defence.


588
[December 28
THE DIAL
When found by a parent in the act of ransack-
ing the bureau drawers sacred to that incredible
creation, an older sister, he complains: "I just
want to make sompthing, mamma. My goodness!
Can't I even want to have a few pins without
everybody makin' such a fuss about it you'd think
I was doin' a srimel" (The last monosyllable, it
must be explained, was drawn from private pro-
nunciation of journalistic headlines.) The fact
that sompthing happened to be the "good ole
snake" calculated to wreak havoc be.low-stairs, had
of course nothing to do with the case of injured
innocence. Mr. Tarkington has as rare an inven-
tive faculty as Penrod — but why pursue the sub-
ject? After all, he is his own best reviewer, as
his book is its own best advertisement. (Double-
day, Page; $1.35.)
For a charming, unexciting, but realistic story of
ante-bellum aristocracy in Paris and the Midi,
"Helen," by Arthur Sherburne Hardy, will prove
thoroughly acceptable. One must not expect to
be entertained by the lurid and gaudy Parisian
"society" of much modern fiction — fiction indeed!
— but one may meet here the older, more truly
French aristocracy of birth and breeding, whose
elderly survivors do not disdain the rive gauche,
nor yet the rue du Bac, and whose younger off-
shoot have approached the Btoile. These people
live quietly, unassumingly; but their lives are
rich in associations, in friendships, in all that
really counts. It is a circle in which the grand-
mother is more honored than the debutante. More
particularly, this story concerns a brother and
sister of half-American birth, and wholly European
breeding, who are suddenly transplanted from
the exile of a Riviera villa to this ripening Paris
atmosphere of which we were speaking. Helen's
poise when thus confronted by the "world" is
unshaken, but she retains the originality of thought
and of will to do the unconventional. Her gradual
adaption to life is the ultimate theme of the story.
Mr. Hardy is a writer who knows his setting with
a rare completeness; he is rare in one other
respect — that he is not unwilling to spend time
and care on his work. But his people are not
quite flesh and blood; they are seen but dimly,
like figures behind ground glass. (Houghton
Mifflin; $1.35.)
Beulah Marie Dix has done so much toward
re-creating the atmosphere of Puritan days that
perhaps one should not demand variety as well
as verisimilitude in her work. Certain it is that
her new story, "Blithe McBride," is much of a
piece with her previous tales from "Soldier
Rigdale" on. Its heroine is a child brought up
among the thieves of Crocker's Lane, London, who
escapes to the "plantations," hoping as a bond-
servant there to lead at least a decent, honest
life. But she falls into the hands of some godly
folk from Massachusetts, who introduce her to a
new life that brings something of both good and
ill and a great deal of that all-essential element
in the life of any veritable heroine of fiction —
adventure. This includes, of necessity, some time
spent as a captive with the "tawnies." "Blithe
McBride"' is a story for children in their teens or
for grownups who have not lost their appreciation
of the simple and the sentimental in story-telling-
(Macmillan; $1.25.)
Long ago, when the "Strand" was bringing out
"The Hound of the Baskervilles" and one was put
upon a very uncertain sense of honor not to read
thereof, second only to the stolen charms of that
masterpiece were the delights of E. Nesbit's chil-
dren's stories, which were printed a few pages
beyond. A new novel from her pen, "The Incred-
ible Honeymoon," shows that she has lost none
of her gift for story-telling, nor the singular power
to make improbable things seem real. Thus when
her hero Edward Basingstoke buys a bulldog-
named Charles, sets forth to see England on foot
and, falling over a garden wall, meets and elopes
with its unhappy proprietress, one accepts the
facts just as one accepted all the author's delight-
ful statements in more credulous days;— and one
enjoys the story to the top of one's bent. Edward
and Katharine — and Charles — after a mock mar-
riage held to satisfy a trio of pursuing aunts, set
forth to seek adventures throughout the length and
breadth of England. Unfortunately they seek it
in the well-travelled parts, thus allying the book
somewhat too closely with the Williamson type of
guidebook novel. But all the same one may enjoy
the story for itself, as a well-written, unpreten-
tious, and most readable tale. (Harper; $1.30.)
Some dozen dusty long-forgotten objects in a
dusty all-but-forgotten museum of Naples inspired
the same number of stories by Marjorie Bowen, an
historical romancer of no slight experience. In
her "Shadows of Yesterday" she recounts adven-
tures in seventeenth and eighteenth century Italy
and England, using her material with a fair degree
of skill and of knowledge of the times. Her sub-
jects are apt to be a bit gloomy, dealing with
degeneracy, sudden death, and love unrequited;
but she can be moving as well as startling, as her
"Petronilla" proves; and she does at times show
a strain of grim humor as in "The Town Lady,"
which even at its grimmest is relatively mirth-
provoking. It is amusing, if one is of an inquir-
ing turn, to translate these tales of lust and
murder into modern terms; the process will serve
to remind the reader of the relative availability of
the period for the production of sensational fic-
tion. Not that Miss Bowen is not within her
rights. Far be it from us to assert that she had
not just ground for her fancies; the Visconti and
their kind were undoubtedly somewhat further
removed from civilized standards of conduct
than — shall we say, a certain more northern suc-
cessor in vandalism? But time exaggerates, in
the same degree that distance enchants; and from
the material of yesterday as well as from that
of to-day, one may choose. Miss Bowen has
chosen the side that appealed to her, and she has
presented it, admittedly, remarkably well. (Dut-
ton; $1.50.)
Those unfortunate individuals who have not
read Stephen Leacock should lose no time in
doing so, though it must be recorded that his
latest volume, "Further Foolishness" has not all
the richness of flavor which made his "Nonsense


1916]
589
THE DIAL
Novels" and "Moonbeams from the Larger
Lunacy" humorous classics. The trouble with
many American humorists who manipulate so
dexterously is that they do not know enough to
be funny beyond the degree of the slap-stick.
They are innocent of wit. Mr. Leacock, however,
knows whereof he writes, and there is that subtle
quality in his work without which nonsense
becomes no sense. The present volume is timely
in its subject matter. There is a description of
Germany from within out; there is a most sig-
nificant little bit entitled "In Merry Mexico,"
which advances the only plausible explanation of
the present state of affairs; there is also one
precious bit of intimate contemporary portraiture
entitled: "The White House from Without In."
(Lane; $1.25.)
The theme of Mr. Horace Annesley Vachell's
latest book, "The Triumph of Tim" (Doran,
$1.40), concerns the development of a young par-
agon brought up in the best English traditions,
who is driven from home by a scandal, and grows
to the stature of a man through a whole Odyssey
of adventures, only to come back at last to the
old traditions, a completely fashioned character.
A moral current sweeps him through many varie-
ties of wild and bitter experience, to a haven
foreordained. This hero has a talent for every-
thing he takes up, without any well-defined bent.
He is golden-haired, he is athletic, he is affable,
he is the soul of honor. But with all this he
remains pleasantly diffused, like a real person-
ality. The scene changes from rural England to
a sailing-vessel rounding the Horn, wanders
through California, then shifts abruptly to Con-
carneau, where Tim finds his metier and all but
finds his long-lost love. All these scenes are han-
dled with an effect of competence and familiarity,
and are made more than episodic by the moral
progression they accompany. It is, in the older
meaning of the term, a fine and conscientious
novel.
The legend upon the wrapper of "In the
Garden of Delight," by L. H. Hammond (Crowell;
$1.), challenges comparison with James Lane
Allen's "Kentucky Cardinal,"— a just but daring
proceeding. For the little book, though full of
quiet charm, just misses the elfin poetry and
enchanting style of its prototype. It has much
to say about birds, trees, and skies, and one feels
that the author has true sensibility to nature.
There is a certain fragility in the plot, but then
a book of this kind does very well without a
scenario. The narrator, from an invalid chair,
watches the foreordained mating of two amiable
young persons, and that is the whole story. There
is a slightly obvious sentimentality in the title
which also leaves its trail across many of the
pages. It is, however, a thoroughly wholesome
sentimentality, which makes the book peculiarly
suitable to give away for Christmas. One imagines
quiet and friendly families reading it aloud with
much pleasure. It is a pleasant little book, but
it is not a second "Kentucky Cardinal."
BisrEFs ox New Books.
Mexico and "What's the Matter with MexicoT"
admMMntioH. ls tne title of Caspar Whitney's
latest book. (Macmillan; 50 cts.)
It is only a rhetorical question to introduce his
answer in the latest addition to "Our National
Problems." The substance of his answer has
already appeared in the "Outlook," and the recast
material exhibits becoming restraint, except where
he has to express his opinion of the Wilson-Bryan
policy. He seems biassed in favor of the Gringo,
not to mention the promoter, rather than against
the native, but his vigorous championship of the
former often betrays him into an unsympathetic
attitude. He attempts a brief historical introduc-
tion that is neither clear nor accurate. According
to his analysis, Mexico suffers principally from the
revolutionary habit; but this, he points out, is
individual rather than popular in impulse. The
great bulk of the people are placidly disposed but
irresolute, easily led, and attracted by momentary
trifles. This is only what we should expect of
a comglomerate mass of people, sixty per cent
of whom are of native descent, and half as many
more of mixed blood. One may question the
accuracy of his figures without doubting their
essential truth, and note with satisfaction that
among the more cultured upper tenth he does
recognize a "few high-minded, loyal Mexicans."
He would initiate improvement by the establish-
ment of a firm government, and follow this by
an honest and just policy toward the lower classes.
No one will quarrel with this as a general principle,
but Mr. Whitney evidently would judge indul-
gently any form of government that promised
reasonable stability- Therefore he would strip
revolt of all high-flown phrases, disregard all pre-
tense in favor of agrarian or political rights, and
depend upon the slow processes of education to
effect any essential improvement in general condi-
tions. Once more he may be right in his main
purpose, but he does not indicate how this is to
be accomplished with a high-spirited, sensitive
people. For this reason his chapters recounting
the effects wrought in Mexico by the foreigner
are more convincing. Of those effects up to 1910
and of the subsequent ruin wrought by revolution,
we are reasonably certain, and he gives brief
sketches of many who figured in both movements.
But he does not clearly show us the way out of
the present welter of blood and pillage; nor does
he convince us that the policy of the present
administration has been wholly injudicious.
The b k f ^"r- Arnold Genthe has given us a
the dance. wondrous volume of aesthetic sig-
nificance in "The Book of the
Dance" (Mitchell Kennerley; $6.). An introduc-
tion by Mr. Shaemas O'Sheel heralds the fact that
the long-lost art of dancing has within the last
few years been reborn through the medium of a
few devoted artists who, preparing separately
through long periods without a common plan, have
appeared as it were in a company — artists like


590
[December 28
THE DIAL
Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, Ruth St. Denis, and
Pavlowa. Mr. O'Sheel knows the inner meaning
of true dancing, for he says of Isadora Duncan:
"She is a seer and a prophet, fulfilled of under-
standing and wisdom. The deep disease of the
soul, its wasting, anemic illness since it ate of the
weeds of prudery and went wandering on the
hard roads of materialism, is known to her, and
she has a great pity; and with devoted effort,
through consecrating trials of toil and rejection,
she has fitted herself to be a physician of the
spirit." But the chief interest of the volume lies
in what follows Mr. O'Sheel's expressive intro-
duction. Here Mr. Genthe has given us ninety or
more exquisite photographs, some in colors,
which record, as he puts it, "something of the
fugitive charm of rhythmic motion, significant
gesture, and brilliant color which the dance has
once more brought into our lives." "The Book
of the Dance" is much more than a thing of
aesthetic beauty: it contains a gospel for strug-
gling, cramped, inarticulate souls who long for
freedom and expression. Many have already
found the means of losing self in the infinite
through rhythmic motion to music. This is the
glad message the book brings — and blessed are
thev who find the book and hear the call.
. The Lowell Institute lectures for the
tocUUKftin present year were delivered by the
England. Reverend F. J. Foakes Jackson,
until recently dean of Jesus College, Cambridge,
but now of the faculty of Union Theological
Seminary. The lectures, eight in number, have
since been published under the title "Social Life
in England, 1750-1850" (Macmillan, $1.50). It
was to be expected that a professed Socialist
would select a subject along the line of his chief
interest; but in carrying out his plan the author
has carefully avoided all controversial matters and
has given a series of discussions that are sym-
pathetic as well as critical. Professor Jackson
draws his information largely from literary
sources, each lecture being based on some impor-
tant literary work or series of works. He views
the eighteenth century through the Journals of
Wesley and the poems of Crabbe. The early
nineteenth is seen through Cobbold's novel
"Margaret Catchpole" and the "Creevy Papers."
The early Victorian period is described from the
writings of Dickens and Thackeray. Gunning's
"Reminiscences of Cambridge" is used to illus-
trate English university life, and the novels of
Surtees and Trollope serve the same purpose for
sport and rural life. The lectures are highly
interesting and make delightful reading; but they
are somewhat uneven in quality and the main pur-
pose of the series seems to be lost sight of at
times. Perhaps the most satisfactory is the lec-
ture on Wesley and his age, in which the author
succeeds in sketching both the great preacher and
his environment. The lectures on Crabbe and
"Margaret Catchpole" are not so well done; the
literary background is traced with some care, but
the description of Suffolk life leaves a rather
blurred impression. The account of the matri-
monial tangle of George IV. seems hardly worth
while, but the lectures on social abuses in the days
of Dickens and the struggle of Becky Sharp and
her class for social recognition are very suggestive
and enlightening. It is a strange society that
Professor Jackson depicts: it was narrow, self-
satisfied, and wanting in refinement; it had many
unlovely traits, but it was also strong and resource-
ful, for it produced a series of social movements
that have revolutionized English life. And in
discussing the changes that have come over both
country and town, the author does not fail to
point out that there was much that was good and
delightful in the English past.
Truth finds
a timid
champion.
Theatre"
described
One scarcely wonders that that
fascinatingly important character
who wrote "The Truth about the
(Stewart & Kidd, $1.) here modestly
as "one of the best known theatrical
men in New York" (why the shrinking depreca-
tion of "one of the"?), should hide his identity
in this provocative fashion. How naive the con-
fessions— even to the glaring admission that the
author is an embittered old man of forty! After
a lifetime devoted to uncovering the dark mys-
teries of New York City, it is no wonder that this
blighted and disillusioned figure should come at
the end of his life to the confessional. As Tolstoy
would say (egad!): "I cannot keep silent." And
yet there is perhaps some happiness for this old
gentleman in his few declining years, for he
blithely says: "I return — back [note the happy
use of the expressive word"back"] to my old
home city, back to its joy of old friends and to
the delight of its happier, more genuine life and
living." In New York, wolfish and relentless,
"girlish innocence and sweetness" are quickly
replaced by "a hardness that only one other kind
of experience that I know of will set on the coun-
tenance of a young girl." Which is only in line
with the blunt saying that "theatrical Broadway
knows chastity only to prey upon it if it can."
It is deplorable, of course, that the producing
managers demand "good looks, good figure, good
proportions and that mysterious, indefinable some-
thing that is called 'personality' "— indeed that
they prefer these things to "intelligence and
mental training"; but managers will be managers.
And New York is no worse than the rest of the
country, one surmises. However, it is scarcely
worth the bother to catalogue the well-known sins
of the New York theatrical world; since the
charges are generally true of any large center in
the United States, or England, or Europe, for
that matter. Favoritism, corruption, commercial-
ism, "star-dom," syndicates, the philosophy of
giving the public something much lower than they
will patronize and pretending to give just "what
the public wants,"— there is a remedy for these
things, for America; and that is the problem which
our modest author shirks. When our dramatists
measure up to European standards of excellence;
when our public declines to accept, without
protest, what it is offered in the theatre, there will
be no excuse for anonymous confessions.


1916]
591
THE DIAL
The science of
advertising.
New needs are continually calling
into existence new orders of books,
"lest one good order should corrupt
the world." The business of advertising has
recently been illuminated by the publication of
several careful psychological studies, the most
recent of which, "Advertising and Its Mental
Laws," by Henry Foster Adams, instructor in
psychology in the University of Michigan
(Macmillan; $1.50), summarizes much of value in
the others and adds a great deal of new material,
the result largely of extensive laboratory investiga-
tions among students. The book teems with infor-
mation and practical suggestions for the scientific
advertiser, while at the same time it has its attrac-
tion for the psychologist on account of the thor-
oughly sound method revealed in almost all the
investigation. The effects of advertising in reduc-
ing the selling cost, the volume of advertising in
the country, the discussion of the relative value
of mediums, the citation from W. D. Scott's
"Advertising and Selling" with reference to the
relative merits of "Standard" magazines or
"Flats," and especially those parts of the chapters
on Association and Fusions (the author's original
contribution) which handle so adequately the com-
plex and important questions of strategic position
on the page and size and frequency of advertise-
ment,— all these will advance the science of the
subject. On the other hand, the admirable exposi-
tion of statistical method and the chapters on
Attention and Memory, as well as the data con-
cerning sex-differences in so many kinds of reac-
tions, will prove good study for the psychologist.
Of course many of the conclusions, which, to do
the author justice, he does not regard as very
conclusive, are open to the common objection to
laboratory experiments. The chapter on Statis-
tical Method does not recognize the fact that cer-
tain commodities are essentially more attractive
than other commodities, and that students have
preferences irrespective of the attractiveness or
scientific placing of advertisements, which might
change in an inscrutable way the results obtained.
Mr Jack's Those of us who read "The Hibbert
new volume. Journal" because its editor is Mr.
L. P. Jacks will need to add to our
library shelves his latest collection of short stories,
"Philosophers in Trouble" (Holt; $1.25). The
public at large will not be interested in the book,
and need not be. One must already be addicted
to Mr. Jacks's work to care for these stories. Two
of them are printed for the first time: the other
four are from "Cornhill," "Blackwood's," "The
Hibbert Journal," and "The Atlantic Monthly,"
and are ephemera admirable as periodical liter-
ature but hardly worth gathering into a book. For
after the subtle artistry and out-of-doors manhood
one felt in every line of "Mad Shepherds," "Phil-
osophers in Trouble" is disappointing. The
"trouble" into which the various philosophers fall
arises always from the conflict between thought
and conduct, between school theories and practical
actions. Camelius in the story called "Not Con-
vincing"; the psychologist among the Saints who
tries a variety of religious experiences with hand
on wrist and eye on the clock; the casuists who
allow Count Zeppelin, fallen from one of his
airships, to drown in a British duck-pond rather
than sacrifice principle and rescue him;— all are
engaged in the diverting pastime of squaring the
human circle,— in other words, reconciling dogmas
with deeds. But the characters speak only their
parts, and the author-manager rather rudely
thrusts them through their allotted lines and off
stage, so that the philosophical problems which
they solve seem less significant than if faced by
real men and women.
The eternal
heart of
France.
Under the title, "French Perspec-
tives" (Houghton Mifflin; $1.25),
Miss Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant
has collected a dozen essays which reveal an
intimate acquaintance with France such as has
been granted to few Americans. She makes her
debut as an inmate of a cosmopolitan sanitarium,
which, she broadly hints, is about as much the
real France as the one most foreigners think they
have learned to know in the hotels near the
Boulevards. From this Babylon she enters a quiet
little pension de famille (accent distinctly on
famille), where she gets her first idea of the real
bulwark of France, the "professional conscience."
There follow glimpses of Parisian working girls,
with whose lives Miss Sergeant became familiar
through her interest in social betterment. Every-
where she finds "pride in the job well done," com-
bined with a spirit of independence sprung from
calm resignation to hardship that must be. In
somewhat lighter vein is the sketch of the pre-
Dreyfus-affair-bookseller Achille, whose ideals
were formed before that unfortunate officer's trial
had revolutionized literature. In the eyes of M.
Achille, the jeunes gens d'aujourd'hui are raving
with a fury anything but divine. Miss Sergeant
is at pains to present us to one set of these
methodless madmen, the Unanimiste poets. Other
chapters take us to the provinces for an introduc-
tion to a rustic poet of the Felibrigian brotherhood
or to a village cure. Or again we are invited to
one of the Entretiens d'Ete in the old monastery
on the borders of Champagne and Burgundy which
M. Desjardins put at the disposal of modern
seekers after truth. Delightful essays these, spark-
ling with humor and conveying many a gentle hint
to Americans who have presumed to sit in judg-
ment on France that they are after all (emblement
jeunes. "Mme. Langeais liked to tell, for the
benefit of young America, the story of an elderly
count who, when his son kissed before the com-
pany the bride whom he had brought for the first
time to the family lunch-table, said in cold reproof:
'My son, I beg you to come down to-morrow
tout embrasses—already kissed.'" Miss Sergeant
says she has collected the essays in book form
with the intention of showing that the France we
all admire to-day is not a phoenix risen from the
ashes of the past, but a France "living through
these bitter years on the strength of her ancient
everyday virtues." She has succeeded admirably.


592
[December 28
THE DIAL
The psychology
of wit.
The view of our psychic nature
associated with the -name of Freud
has found its way into popular rec-
ognition in the tecnique of psycho-analysis; and
psycho-analysis is the art of relieving nervous
disabilities by unearthing the hidden mainsprings
of conflict which are responsible for instability.
The sane and happy life is the adjusted life, in
which the powers are exercised freely and fully
and with a reaction of pleasure, defended by a
temperamental optimism. Such a view, in the
hands of Freud and his followers, lays bare the
mechanisms of adjustment, and sets forth the
complicated array of forces which strive for hap-
piness; and among these the saving sense of
humor holds a high place. More particularly it
unearths the system of defences laid well down
in subconscious foundations, by which are warded |
off all menaces of content. Over-restraints and
resistances imposed by the stringencies of exis-
tence — the contrasts between what life brings and
what is desired — carry the peril of breakdown
as well as of unhappiness. Fun leavens the mass.
It is not so well understood that Freudian inter-
pretations have extended to many of the side-paths
of the mental machinery, and there aimed at an
interpretation of human nature in its less stren-
uous and less official moments. Of these the most
engaging is the analysis of Wit, which Dr. Freud
presents under the title, "Wit and its Relation to
the Unconscious" (Moffat, Yard & Co; $1.25),
now available in a translation by Dr. A. A. Brill.
The problems are these: Why are things amusing?
What are the varieties of wit? What is the
nature of the relief which wit affords? What
mechanisms does wit employ f The central con-
clusions reached are that many of the mechanisms
used by the subconscious in its "nervous" struggles,
appearing again in the dramatic transformation
of dreams, are also at work in wit; dream pro-
cesses and wit processes are similar. For the
justification of the thesis the reader must be
referred to the rather prolix analysis of the text;
and this not without misgivings, for the argument
is not easy to follow, and by that token still less
easy to summarize. But the reader will carry
away the valuable impression that underlying wit,
farce, humor, the comic, the naive, the ridiculous,
and the silly, even the sacrilegious and the obscene,
there is a play of mental forces, and the reflex
of personal and social esteem, that is at once
interesting and important. The impression is more
convincing that Dr. Freud has seen the problem
correctly, has mastered the approaches and found
a key, and less convincing that he has utilized to
the full the elements of his vision and the possibil-
ities of his technique. What is needed is not so
much a translation as a revised version of Freud,
better adapted to the apprehending temperament
of the Anglo-Saxon mind. And then there remains
the constant bug-bear of sex allusions, in which
some see significant truth and others irrelevant
obscenity. There is less of it in this volume than
in others, but enough to disturb the perspective.
The book cannot be neglected either by those who
wish to study Freud or by those who wish to study
the sense of humor.
Notes and News.
"Backwater," by Dorothy M. Richardson, the
second volume in the trilogy "Pilgrimage," will be
published early in January by Mr. Alfred A.
Knopf. The first volume,' "Pointed Roofs," has
just been issued.
Messrs. Henry Holt and Company announce,
for earlv publication, Miss Constance D'Arcy
MacKay's "The Forest Princess." This will be
Miss Mackay's seventh book of or about drama to
be issued by the Holts.
A posthumous novel by Theodore Watts-Dunton,
"Yesprie Towers," is announced for immediate
publication by Messrs. Smith, Elder. This title
uggests that it may have something to do with the
"Luck of the Vespries."
A two-volume edition entitled "Visions and
Beliefs in the West of Ireland" by Lady Gregory,
which is to be published early in the new year,
will bear the Putnam imprint. The collection is
rich in Irish fancy and folk-lore.
The January announcements of the Frederick
A. Stokes Co. include: "Brandon of the
Engineers," by Harold Bindloss; "The Flower
Patch among the Hills." by Flora Klickmann;
"The World's Minerals, by L. J. Spencer.
Norman Angell's forthcoming volume entitled
"The Citizen and Society," to be published by
the Putnams in the spring of 1917, purports to
explain the principles of social action which the
author has previously applied chiefly to definite
cases of international politics.
Of the "National Cyclopedia of American
Biography," issued by James T. White & Co.,
Volume XV. is now ready. It contains over one
thousand biographies of notable men and women
of our time, and many portrait illustrations.
Dr. W. Sanday has rewritten his Oxford
University pamphlet on "The Meaning of the War
for Germany and Great Britain," which in its new
dress is about to be published by the Oxford
University Press. It is to be entitled "In View
of the End: A Retrospect and a Prospect."
Miss Ida M. Tarbell's book, "Making Men at
Ford's," is announced for early spring publica-
tion by the Funk & Wagnalls Co. Her "New
Ideals in Business," just issued by the Macmillan
Co., as described in its sub-title, is "an account
of their practice and their effects on men and
profits."
Mrs. Richard Aldington ("H. D."), the Amer-
ican wife of the young English poet now at the
front, is about to revisit her native country.
Messrs. Constable & Co., of London, have just
issued her new book, "A Sea Garden," which bears
the American imprint of the Houghton Mifflin Co.
A striking illustration, especially so in this time
of the great war, of the widening foreign interest
felt in 0. Henry, whose biography by Professor
Smith is reviewed in this issue of Thk Dial, is the
news that the "Mercure de France" will publish
soon an essay by Dr. Archibald Henderson, on the
life and art of 0. Henry.


1916]
593
THE DIAL
Professor William P. Trent, editor of a new
edition of Robinson Crusoe for young readers,
recently published by Messrs. Ginn & Co., is now
at work on a definitive edition of Defoe's famous
work. The author has devoted much time to
research study on Defoe and his classic, and his
extensive notes will make the forthcoming edition
of great value to all interested in his subject.
Laurence Jerrold, whose "France: Her People
and Her Spirit" is one of the December publica-
tions of the Bobbs-Merrill Co., has lived in France
for many years as correspondent of the "London
Daily Telegraph." To his work he has brought
an intimate knowledge, resulting from years of
investigation and observation, and the unbiased
viewpoint of one not native to the land of which
he writes.
A memorial edition of Henry James's "The
Portrait of a Lady," with a photogravure repro-
duction of the Sargent portrait of Mr. James has
recently been issued by the Houghton Mifflin Co.
It is a two-volume edition. Among the art books
which this house has just published are "French
Etchers of the Second Empire," by William A.
Bradley, and "A Catalogue of Arretine Pottery,"
by George H. Chase.
At the recent annual meeting of the National
Academy of Arts and Letters, John Burroughs,
dean of American nature-writers, was awarded
the gold medal for essays and belles-lettres.
Among those to whom similar honor has been
accorded in former years are: William Rutherford
Mead, for architecture; Augustus St. Gaudens, for
sculpture; James Ford Rhodes, for history; and
William Dean Howells, for fiction.
Among the many war books announced for
early publication by English houses, two stand
out prominent: ''At the War," by Lord North-
cliffe, issued on behalf of the British Red Cross;
and "My Country," including the article by the
Queen of Rumania published in "The Times."
The Queen's book is issued in the aid of the Red
Cross in Rumania. Messrs. Hodder & Stroughton
stand sponsor for these two volumes.
An unusual book soon to be published by the
Houghton Mifflin Co. is by Robert S. Peabody
entitled "Hospital Sketches." It will consist of a
series of drawings made by the author during his
convalescence in a hospital. The drawings are of
imaginary typical scenes abroad. Facing each is
a page of appropriate text selected from some
well-known English author, in either prose or
verse, with an introduction explaining the plan and
purpose of the book.
"Inside the German Empire," by Herbert B.
Swope, of the New York "World," which is soon
to be published by the Century Co., embodies the
author's observations during his recent trip
through Germany. His book is said to portray
the "inner workings of the most completely organ-
ized society in the world, and to show what it is
that has made of seventy million men, women, and
children a great battling force, whose vanguard
is the German Army, but whose strength, courage,
endurance, and confidence spring from all the
people, irrespective of age, position, or sex."
Public Sales in New York
of important
Art and Literary Collections
Are held almost dally from October to
June In large and handsome Exhibition
Gallarles. Correspondence Is Invited
with owners, executors, and librarians.
Halsey Print Collection
In November the American Portrait! and
View* from the magnificent Print Collection
of Mr. Frederic R. Halsey of New York were
sold in The Anderson Galleries for $54,157.50
and the Sporting Prints for $39,371.00. The
French Engravings of the Eighteenth Century
were sold in December for $114,531.00. The
English Stipple Engravings will be sold in five
evening' sessions beginning January 8th and the
Eighteenth Century Mezzotints in five evening
sessions beginning February 5th. The Modern
Etchings will be sold February 23-27, the Prints
of the French Revolution on March 14-15, and
the Old Masters on March 26-28. The dates of
other sales will be announced later. This is the
largest and most important Collection of Prints
ever sold in the United States and contains rari-
ties almost unknown to American collectors.
Illustrated Catalogues, $1 each. Advance sub-
scriptions for the entire issue (ten catalogues
at least) will be received at $6. It is important
for Print Collectors to send their orders at once,
as the issues are limited.
Other Important Sales
Jan. 2-5, the Library of Dr. Russell W. Moore
of New York. Jan. 8-9, the Library of John J.
Sullivan of Long Island City. Jan. 18-19, Rare
Books from the Libraries of J. L Clawson of
Buffalo and Stanley K. Wilson of Philadelphia.
Jan. 22-23, a remarkable Collection of Chinese
Porcelains and Dr. Arnold Genthe's very fine
Collection of Japanese Prints. Jan. 24-25, an
extraordinary Collection of Americana from the
finest private library in the world, that of Henry
E. Huntington, including the principal part of
the famous Christie-Miller Library which was
bought for Mr. Huntington in London for
$350,000. Jan. 25-26, the Autograph Col-
lections of the late Sarah Josephus Hale and
the late Major-General David A. Hunter. Jan.
29-30, the Print Collection of Mrs. Frank
Hartley. Jan. 31, a fine Collection of Ameri-
cana. Catalogues of these sales will be sent
free to intending buyers.
Many very important sales are scheduled for
February and March, and announcements will
follow.
THE ANDERSON GALLERIES
"Where the Hoe Library Was Sold"
Madlaon Avenue at Fortieth street NEW YORK


590
[December 28
THE DIAL
Isadora Duncan, Maud Allan, Ruth St. Denis, and
Pavlowa. Mr. O'Sheel knows the inner meaning
of true dancing, for he says of Isadora Duncan:
“She is a seer and a prophet, fulfilled of under-
standing and wisdom. The deep disease of the
soul, its wasting, anemic illness since it ate of the
weeds of prudery and went wandering on the
hard roads of materialism, is known to her, and
she has a great pity; and with devoted effort,
through consecrating trials of toil and rejection,
she has fitted herself to be a physician of the
spirit.” But the chief interest of the volume lies
in what follows Mr. O'Sheel's expressive intro-
duction. Here Mr. Genthe has given us ninety or
more exquisite photographs, some in colors,
which record, as he puts it, “something of the
fugitive charm of rhythmic motion, significant
gesture, and brilliant color which the dance has
once more brought into our lives.” “The Book
of the Dance” is much more than a thing of
aesthetic beauty: it contains a gospel for strug-
gling, cramped, inarticulate souls who long for
freedom and expression. Many have already
found the means of losing self in the infinite
through rhythmic motion to music. This is the
glad message the book brings — and blessed are
they who find the book and hear the call.
The Lowell Institute lectures for the
::::::::§ present year were delivered by the
England. Reverend F. J. Foakes Jackson,
until recently dean of Jesus College, Cambridge,
but now of the faculty of Union Theological
Seminary. The lectures, eight in number, have
since been published under the title “Social Life
in England, 1750–1850” (Macmillan, $1.50). It
was to be expected that a professed Socialist
would select a subject along the line of his chief
interest; but in carrying out his plan the author
has carefully avoided all controversial matters and
has given a series of discussions that are sym-
pathetic as well as critical. Professor Jackson
draws his information largely from literary
sources, each lecture being based on some impor-
tant literary work or series of works. He views
the eighteenth century through the Journals of
Wesley and the poems of Crabbe. The early
nineteenth is seen through Cobbold's novel
“Margaret Catchpole” and the “Creevy Papers.”
The early Victorian period is described from the
writings of Dickens and Thackeray. Gunning's
“Reminiscences of Cambridge” is used to illus-
trate English university life, and the novels of
Surtees and Trollope serve the same purpose for
sport and rural life. The lectures are highly
interesting and make delightful reading; but they
are somewhat uneven in quality and the main pur-
pose of the series seems to be lost sight of at
times. Perhaps the most satisfactory is the lec-
ture on Wesley and his age, in which the author
succeeds in sketching both the great preacher and
his environment. The lectures on Crabbe and
“Margaret Catchpole” are not so well done; the
literary background is traced with some care, but
the description of Suffolk life leaves a rather
blurred impression. The account of the matri-
monial tangle of George IV. seems hardly worth
while, but the lectures on social abuses in the days
of Dickens and the struggle of Becky Sharp and
her class for social recognition are very suggestive
and enlightening. It is a strange society that
Professor Jackson depicts: it was narrow, self-
satisfied, and wanting in refinement; it had many
unlovely traits, but it was also strong and resource-
ful, for it produced a series of social movements
that have revolutionized English life. And in
discussing the changes that have come over both
country and town, the author does not fail to
point out that there was much that was good and
delightful in the English past.
One scarcely wonders that that
fascinatingly important character
who wrote “The Truth about the
Theatre” (Stewart & Kidd, $1.) here modestly
described as “one of the best known theatrical
men in New York” (why the shrinking depreca-
tion of “one of the "?), should hide his identity
in this provocative fashion. How naïve the con-
fessions — even to the glaring admission that the
author is an embittered old man of forty! After
a lifetime devoted to uncovering the dark mys-
teries of New York City, it is no wonder that this
blighted and disillusioned figure should come at
the end of his life to the confessional. As Tolstoy
would say (egad!): “I cannot keep silent.” And
yet there is perhaps some happiness for this old
gentleman in his few declining years, for he
blithely says: “I return — back [note the happy
use of the expressive word “back”] to my old
home city, back to its joy of old friends and to
the delight of its happier, more genuine life and
living.” In New York, wolfish and relentless,
“girlish innocence and sweetness” are quickly
replaced by “a hardness that only one other kind
of experience that I know of will set on the coun-
tenance of a young girl.” Which is only in line
with the blunt saying that “theatrical Broadway
knows chastity only to prey upon it if it can.”
It is deplorable, of course, that the producing
managers demand “good looks, good figure, good
proportions and that mysterious, indefinable some-
thing that is called ‘personality’”—indeed that
they prefer these things to “intelligence and
mental training”; but managers will be managers.
And New York is no worse than the rest of the
country, one surmises. However, it is scarcely
worth the bother to catalogue the well-known sins
of the New York theatrical world; since the
charges are generally true of any large center in
the United States, or England, or Europe, for
that matter. Favoritism, corruption, commercial-
ism, “star-dom,” syndicates, the philosophy of
giving the public something much lower than they
will patronize and pretending to give just “what
the public wants,”— there is a remedy for these
things, for America; and that is the problem which
our modest author shirks. When our dramatists
measure up to European standards of excellence;
when our public declines to accept, without
protest, what it is offered in the theatre, there will
be no excuse for anonymous confessions.
Truth finds
a timid
champion.


1916] THE DIAL 591
New needs are continually calling
advertising. into existence new orders of books,
“lest one good order should corrupt
the world.” The business of advertising has
recently been illuminated by the publication of
several careful psychological studies, the most
recent of which, “Advertising and Its Mental
Laws,” by Henry Foster Adams, instructor in
psychology in the University of Michigan
(Macmillan; $1.50), summarizes much of value in
the others and adds a great deal of new material,
the result largely of extensive laboratory investiga-
tions among students. The book teems with infor-
mation and practical suggestions for the scientific
advertiser, while at the same time it has its attrac-
tion for the psychologist on account of the thor-
oughly sound method revealed in almost all the
investigation. The effects of advertising in reduc-
ing the selling cost, the volume of advertising in
the country, the discussion of the relative value
of mediums, the citation from W. D. Scott's
“Advertising and Selling” with reference to the
relative merits of “Standard” magazines or
“Flats,” and especially those parts of the chapters
on Association and Fusions (the author's original
contribution) which handle so adequately the com-
plex and important questions of strategic position
on the page and size and frequency of advertise-
ment, all these will advance the science of the
subject. On the other hand, the admirable exposi-
tion of statistical method and the chapters on
Attention and Memory, as well as the data con-
cerning sex-differences in so many kinds of reac-
tions, will prove good study for the psychologist.
Of course many of the conclusions, which, to do
the author justice, he does not regard as very
conclusive, are open to the common objection to
laboratory experiments. The chapter on Statis-
tical Method does not recognize the fact that cer-
tain commodities are essentially more attractive
than other commodities, and that students have
preferences irrespective of the attractiveness or
scientific placing of advertisements, which might
change in an inscrutable way the results obtained.
The science of
Those of us who read “The Hibbert
Journal” because its editor is Mr.
L. P. Jacks will need to add to our
library shelves his latest collection of short stories,
“Philosophers in Trouble” (Holt; $1.25). The
public at large will not be interested in the book,
and need not be. One must already be addicted
to Mr. Jacks's work to care for these stories. Two
of them are printed for the first time: the other
four are from “Cornhill,” “Blackwood's,” “The
Hibbert Journal,” and “The Atlantic Monthly,”
Mr. Jack's
new volume.
and are ephemera admirable as periodical liter-
ature but hardly worth gathering into a book. For
after the subtle artistry and out-of-doors manhood
one felt in every line of “Mad Shepherds,” “Phil-
osophers in Trouble" is disappointing. The
“trouble” into which the various philosophers fall
arises always from the conflict between thought
and conduct, between school theories and practical
actions. Camelius in the story called “Not Con-
vincing"; the psychologist among the Saints who
tries a variety of religious experiences with hand
on wrist and eye on the clock; the casuists who
allow Count Zeppelin, fallen from one of his
airships, to drown in a British duck-pond rather
than sacrifice principle and rescue him;-all are
engaged in the diverting pastime of squaring the
human circle, in other words, reconciling dogmas
with deeds. But the characters speak only their
parts, and the author-manager rather rudely
thrusts them through their allotted lines and off
stage, so that the philosophical problems which
they solve seem less significant than if faced by
real men and women.
Under the title, “French Perspec-
tives” (Houghton Mifflin; $1.25),
Miss Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant
has collected a dozen essays which reveal an
intimate acquaintance with France such as has
been granted to few Americans. She makes her
début as an inmate of a cosmopolitan sanitarium,
which, she broadly hints, is about as much the
real France as the one most foreigners think they
have learned to know in the hotels near the
Boulevards. From this Babylon she enters a quiet
little, pension de famille (accent distinctly on
famille), where she gets her first idea of the real
bulwark of France, the “professional conscience.”
There follow glimpses of Parisian working girls,
with whose lives Miss Sergeant became familiar
through her interest in social betterment. Every-
where she finds “pride in the job well done," com-
bined with a spirit of independence sprung from
calm resignation to hardship that must be. In
somewhat lighter vein is the sketch of the pre-
Dreyfus-affair-bookseller Achille, whose ideals
were formed before that unfortunate officer's trial
had revolutionized literature. In the eyes of M.
Achille, the jeunes gens d'aujourd'hui are raving
with a fury anything but divine. Miss Sergeant
is at pains to present us to one set of these
methodless madmen, the Unanimiste poets. Other
chapters take us to the provinces for an introduc-
tion to a rustic poet of the Félibrigian brotherhood
or to a village curé. Or again we are invited to
one of the Entretiens d'Eté in the old monastery
on the borders of Champagne and Burgundy which
M. Desjardins put at the disposal of modern
seekers after truth. Delightful essays these, spark-
ling with humor and conveying many a gentle hint
to Americans who have presumed to sit in judg-
ment on France that they are after all terriblement
jeunes. “Mme. Langeais liked to tell, for the
benefit of young America, the story of an elderly
count who, when his son kissed before the com-
pany the bride whom he had brought for the first
time to the family lunch-table, said in cold reproof:
‘My son, I beg you to come down to-morrow
tout embrassés—already kissed.’” Miss Sergeant
says she has collected the essays in book form
with the intention of showing that the France we
all admire to-day is not a phoenix risen from the
ashes of the past, but a France “living through
these bitter years on the strength of her ancient
everyday virtues." She has succeeded admirably.
The eternal
heart of
France.


592
[December 28
THE DIAL
The view of our psychic nature
associated with the name of Freud
has found its way into popular rec-
ognition in the tecnique of psycho-analysis; and
psycho-analysis is the art of relieving nervous
disabilities by unearthing the hidden mainsprings
of conflict which are responsible for instability.
The sane and happy life is the adjusted life, in
which the powers are exercised freely and fully
and with a reaction of pleasure, defended by a
temperamental optimism. Such a view, in the
hands of Freud and his followers, lays bare the
mechanisms of adjustment, and sets forth the
complicated array of forces which strive for hap-
piness; and among these the saving sense of
humor holds a high place. More particularly it
The psychology
of wit.
unearths the system of defences laid well down
in subconscious foundations, by which are warded
off all menaces of content. Over-restraints and
resistances imposed by the stringencies of exis-
tence — the contrasts between what life brings and
what is desired — carry the peril of breakdown
as well as of unhappiness. Fun leavens the mass.
It is not so well understood that Freudian inter-
pretations have extended to many of the side-paths
of the mental machinery, and there aimed at an
interpretation of human nature in its less stren-
uous and less official moments. Of these the most
engaging is the analysis of Wit, which Dr. Freud
presents under the title, “Wit and its Relation to
the Unconscious” (Moffat, Yard & Co; $1.25),
now available in a translation by Dr. A. A. Brill.
The problems are these: Why are things amusing?
What are the varieties of wit? What is the
nature of the relief which wit affords? What
mechanisms does wit employ? The central con-
clusions reached are that many of the mechanisms
used by the subconscious in its “nervous” struggles,
appearing again in the dramatic transformation
of dreams, are also at work in wit; dream pro-
cesses and wit processes are similar. For the
justification of the thesis the reader must be
referred to the rather prolix analysis of the text;
and this not without misgivings, for the argument
is not easy to follow, and by that token still less
easy to summarize. But the reader will carry
away the valuable impression that underlying wit,
farce, humor, the comic, the naïve, the ridiculous,
and the silly, even the sacrilegious and the obscene,
there is a play of mental forces, and the reflex
of personal and social esteem, that is at once
interesting and important. The impression is more
convincing that Dr. Freud has seen the problem
correctly, has mastered the approaches and found
a key, and less convincing that he has utilized to
the full the elements of his vision and the possibil-
ities of his technique. What is needed is not so
much a translation as a revised version of Freud,
better adapted to the apprehending temperament
of the Anglo-Saxon mind. And then there remains
the constant bug-bear of sex allusions, in which
some see significant truth and others irrelevant
obscenity. There is less of it in this volume than
in others, but enough to disturb the perspective.
The book cannot be neglected either by those who
wish to study Freud or by those who wish to study
the sense of humor.
NOTES AND NEWS.
“Backwater,” by Dorothy M. Richardson, the
second volume in the trilogy “Pilgrimage,” will be
published early in January by Mr. Alfred A.
Knopf. The first volume, “Pointed Roofs,” has
just been issued.
Messrs. Henry Holt and Company announce,
for early publication, Miss Constance D’Arcy
MacKay's “The Forest Princess.” This will be
Miss Mackay's seventh book of or about drama to
be issued by the Holts.
A posthumous novel by Theodore Watts-Dunton,
“Vesprie Towers,” is announced for immediate
publication by Messrs. Smith, Elder. This title
uggests that it may have something to do with the
“Luck of the Vespries.”
A two-volume edition entitled “Visions and
Beliefs in the West of Ireland” by Lady Gregory,
which is to be published early in the new year,
will bear the Putnam imprint. The collection is
rich in Irish fancy and folk-lore.
The January announcements of the Frederick
A. Stokes Co. include: “Brandon of the
Engineers,” by Harold Bindloss; “The Flower
Patch among the Hills,” by Flora Klickmann;
“The World's Minerals,” by L. J. Spencer.
Norman Angell's forthcoming volume entitled
“The Citizen and Society,” to be published by
the Putnams in the spring of 1917, purports to
explain the principles of social action which the
author has previously applied chiefly to definite
cases of international politics.
Of the “National Cyclopedia of American
Biography,” issued by James T. White & Co.,
Volume XV. is now ready. It contains over one
thousand biographies of notable men and women
of our time, and many portrait illustrations.
Dr. W. Sanday has rewritten his Oxford
University pamphlet on “The Meaning of the War
for Germany and Great Britain,” which in its new
dress is about to be published by the Oxford
University Press. It is to be entitled “In View
of the End: A Retrospect and a Prospect.”
Miss Ida M. Tarbell's book, “Making Men at
Ford's," is announced for early spring publica-
tion by the Funk & Wagnalls Co. Her “New
Ideals in Business,” just issued by the Macmillan
Co., as described in its sub-title, is “an account
of their practice and their effects on men and
profits.”
Mrs. Richard Aldington (“H. D.”), the Amer-
ican wife of the young English poet now at the
front, is about to revisit her native country.
Messrs. Constable & Co., of London, have just
issued her new book, “A Sea Garden,” which bears
the American imprint of the Houghton Mifflin Co.
A striking illustration, especially so in this time
of the great war, of the widening foreign interest
felt in O. Henry, whose biography by Professor
Smith is reviewed in this issue of THE DIAL, is the
news that the “Mercure de France” will publish
soon an essay by Dr. Archibald Henderson, on the
life and art of O. Henry.


1916]
593
THE DIAL
Professor William P. Trent, editor of a new
edition of Robinson Crusoe for young readers,
recently published by Messrs. Ginn & Co., is now
at work on a definitive edition of Defoe's famous
work. The author has devoted much time to
research study on Defoe and his classic, and his
extensive notes will make the forthcoming edition
of great value to all interested in his subject.
Laurence Jerrold, whose “France: Her People
and Her Spirit” is one of the December publica-
tions of the Bobbs-Merrill Co., has lived in France
for many years as correspondent of the “London
Daily Telegraph.” To his work he has brought
an intimate knowledge, resulting from years of
investigation and observation, and the unbiased
viewpoint of one not native to the land of which
he writes.
A memorial edition of Henry James's “The
Portrait of a Lady," with a photogravure repro-
duction of the Sargent portrait of Mr. James has
recently been issued by the Houghton Mifflin Co.
It is a two-volume edition. Among the art books
which this house has just published are “French
Etchers of the Second Empire,” by William A.
Bradley, and “A Catalogue of Arretine Pottery,”
by George H. Chase.
At the recent annual meeting of the National
Academy of Arts and Letters, John Burroughs,
dean of American nature-writers, was awarded
the gold medal for essays and belles-lettres.
Among those to whom similar honor has been
accorded in former years are: William Rutherford
Mead, for architecture; Augustus St. Gaudens, for
sculpture; James Ford Rhodes, for history; and
William Dean Howells, for fiction.
Among the many war books announced for
early publication by English houses, two stand
out prominent: “At the War,” by Lord North-
cliffe, issued on behalf of the British Red Cross;
and “My Country,” including the article by the
Queen of Rumania published in “The Times."
The Queen's book is issued in the aid of the Red
Cross in Rumania. Messrs. Hodder & Stroughton
stand sponsor for these two volumes.
An unusual book soon to be published by the
Houghton Mifflin Co. is by Robert S. Peabody
entitled “Hospital Sketches.” It will consist of a
series of drawings made by the author during his
convalescence in a hospital. The drawings are of
imaginary typical scenes abroad. Facing each is
a page of appropriate text selected from some
well-known English author, in either prose or
verse, with an introduction explaining the plan and
purpose of the book.
“Inside the German Empire,” by Herbert B.
Swope, of the New York “World,” which is soon
to be published by the Century Co., embodies the
author's observations during his recent trip
through Germany. His book is said to portray
the “inner workings of the most completely organ-
ized society in the world, and to show what it is
that has made of seventy million men, women, and
children a great battling force, whose vanguard
is the German Army, but whose strength, courage,
endurance, and confidence spring from all the :
people, irrespective of age, position, or sex.”
Public Sales in New York
of important
Art and Literary Collections
Are held almost daily from October to
June in large and handsome Exhibition
Gallaries. Correspondence is invited
with owners, executors, and librarians.
Halsey Print Collection
In November the American Portraits and
Views from the magnificent Print Collection
of Mr. Frederic R. Halsey of New York were
sold in The Anderson Galleries for $54,157.50
and the Sporting Prints for $39,371.00. The
French Engravings of the Eighteenth Century
were sold in December for $114,531.00. The
English Stipple Engravings will be sold in five
evening sessions beginning January 8th and the
Eighteenth Century Mezzotints in five evening
sessions beginning February 5th. The Modern
Etchings will be sold February 23-27, the Prints
of the French Revolution on March 14-15, and
the Old Masters on March 26-28. The dates of
other sales will be announced later. This is the
largest and most important Collection of Prints
ever sold in the United States and contains rari-
ties almost unknown to American collectors.
Illustrated Catalogues, $1 each. Advance sub-
scriptions for the entire issue (ten catalogues
at least) will be received at $6. It is important
for Print Collectors to send their orders at once,
as the issues are limited.
Other Important Sales
Jan. 2-5, the Library of Dr. Russell W. Moore
of New York. Jan. 8-9, the Library of John J.
Sullivan of Long Island City. Jan. 18-19, Rare
Books from the Libraries of J. L. Clawson of
Buffalo and Stanley K. Wilson of Philadelphia.
Jan. 22-23, a remarkable Collection of Chinese
Porcelains and Dr. Arnold Genthe's very fine
Collection of Japanese Prints. Jan. 24-25, an
extraordinary Collection of Americana from the
finest private library in the world, that of Henry
E. Huntington, including the principal part of
the famous Christie-Miller Library which was
bought for Mr. Huntington in London for
$350,000. Jan. 25-26, the Autograph Col-
lections of the late Sarah Josephus Hale and
the late Major-General David A. Hunter. Jan.
29-30, the Print Collection of Mrs. Frank
Hartley. Jan. 31, a fine Collection of Ameri-
cana. Catalogues of these sales will be sent
free to intending buyers.
Many very important sales are scheduled for
February and March, and announcements will
follow.
THE ANDERSON GALLERIES
“Where the Hoe Library Was Sold”
Madison Avenue at Fortieth street New York


594
[December 28
THE DIAL
"AT McCLURG'S"
It is of interest and importance
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BIOGRAPHY.
George Edmund Street, Unpublished Notes and
Reprinted Papers. With an Essay by Georgiana
Goddard King. Illustrated in color, etc., 8vo,
345 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25.
The Making of an American. By Jacob A. Riis.
New edition, with numerous illustrations and
an Introduction by Theodore Roosevelt; 12mo.
443 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25.
HISTORY.
Egptlan Records of Travel In Western Aula. Vol.
II., Some Texts of the XVIIIth Dynasty, exclu-
sive of the Annals of Thutmosis III. By David
Paton. 4to. Princeton University Press. $7.50.
Extract* from the Itineraries and Other Mlxeel-
lanles of Ezra Stiles, D.D., LL.D., 1755-1794,
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Edited by Franklin Bowditch Dexter, Lltt.D.
Large 8vo, 620 pages. Yale University Press. $3.
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England's World Emplrei Some Reflections upon
Its Policy and Growth. By Alfred Hoyt
Granger. 12mo, 323 pages. Open Court Pub-
lishing Co. $1.50.


1916]
595
THE DIAL
State Administration In Maryland. By John I..
Donaldson, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 165 pages. Balti-
more: Johns Hopkins Press. Paper.
The Hohenzollern HouHehold and Administration
in the Sixteenth Century, Chapters I.-II. By
Sidney B. Fay. 8vo, 64 pages. Northampton,
Mass.: Smith College. Paper.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Verses. By Hilaire Belloc; with Introduction by
Joyce Kilmer. 12mo, 91 pages. Laurence J.
Gomme. $1.25.
Poem, By Alan Seeger, with Introduction by
William Archer. 12mo, 174 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Voice* of Sonsi A Book of Poems. By James
W. Foley; with Introduction by Theodore
Roosevelt. With portrait, 12mo. 181 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50.
New Poetry Series. New vols.: Sea Garden, Imagist
Poems, by "H. D."; Songs Out of School, by
H. H. Bashford. Each 12mo. Houghton Mifflin
Co. Per vol., 75 cts.
Selected Poem* of Thomnai Hardy. 16mo, 214
pages. "Golden Treasury Series." Macmillan
Co.
Chinese Lyrics. By Pai Ta-Shun; Illustrated with
reproductions of old Chinese paintings. 8vo,
39 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $5.
Ballads, Patriotic and Romantic. By Clinton
Scollard. 12mo, 182 pages. Laurence J. Gomme.
$1.50.
Andvnrl'H Ring;. By Arthur Peterson. 12mo, 232
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.26.
A Lark Went Singing-, and Other Poems. By Ruth
Guthrie Harding; with Introduction by Richard
Burton. 16mo, 86 pages. Minneapolis: Edmund
D. Brooks. $1.
Nine Poems from a Valetudinarinm. By Donald
Evans. 12mo, 51 pages. Philadelphia: Nicholas
L. Brown. $1.
California and the Opening of the Gateway
between the Atlantic and the Pacific. 12mo,
34 pages. Paul Elder & Co. 75 cts.
Vie de Bordeaux. By Pitts Sanborn. 12mo, 51
pages. Philadelphia: Nicholas L. Brown. $1.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
Appreciations of Poetry. By Lafcadio Hearn;
selected and edited, with Introduction, by John
Erskine, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 408 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $3.50.
Suspended Judgmental Essays on Books and Sen-
sations. By John Cowper Powys. 8vo, 438
pages. G. Arnold Shaw. $2.
Five Masters of French Romance! Anatole France,
Pierre Loti, Paul Bourget, Maurioe Barres,
Romain Holland. By Albert Leon Guerard.
12mo, 325 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
English Poetry and Prose of the Romantic Move-
ment. Selected and edited, with Notes, Bib-
liographies, and a Glossary of Proper Names.
By George Benjamin Woods, Ph.D. With maps,
large 8vo, 1432 pages. Scott, Foresman & Co.
$3.25.
A Dominie's Log. By A. S. Nelll, M.A. 12mo, 219
pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.
Layamon's llrui: A Comparative Study in Narrative
Art. By Frances L. Gillespy. 8vo. Berkeley,
Cal.: University of California Press.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Vanished Toners and Chimes of Flanders. By
George Wharton Edwards; illustrated by the
author. 4to, 212 pages. Penn Publishing Co.
$5.
The Spell Series. New vols.: The Spell of the
Hawaiian Islands and the Philippines, by Isabel
Anderson; The Spell of Scotland, by Archie
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The Book of Boston. By Robert Shackleton. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 332 pages. Penn
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SOCIOLOGY" AND ECONOMICS PUBLIC
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Mediation, Investigation and Arbitration In Indus-
trial Disputes. By George E. Barnett and David
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The National Belngi Some Thoughts on an Irish
Polity. By A. E. 12mo, 176 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.35.

11%. "^9
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596
[December 28
THE DIAL
Alexander Wyant
By ELIOT CLARK
Crown 8vo. Frontispiece in color and 14 photo-
gravure plates. 300 copies only printed on Dutch
hand-made paper from type. $12.50 net.
We get much more from this account than dates and
a list of events. We get the colors of the artist's
restricted palette, many of his technical methods, his
habit in 'studying nature of turning objective facts
into abstract harmonies, descriptions of individual
pictures, and a sympathetic analysis of temperament.
—The New York Times.
Venetian Painting in America
The Fifteenth Century
By BERNARD BERENSON
Small quarto. Photogravure frontispiece and 110 full-
page photographic plates. $4.00 net. Postpaid $4.20.
Mr. Berenson, the great authority upon Italian art,
reviews, in their proper historical sequence, all of the
important Venetian paintings of the Fifteenth cen-
tury owned in this country. It makes a volume of
constructive criticism of a very unusual type, able in
its presentation and justification of new ideas and
illuminating in its conclusions.
Frederic Fairchild Sherman
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-wuwvwBORZOI PLAYS/uwwvsm
Four striking plays that will
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WAR: From the Russian of Michael Artzibashef.
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THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL: A new translation
by Thomas Seltzer of Gogol's comic masterpiece.
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RICHARD ALDINGTON
WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY
CLAUDE BRAGDON
JOHN GOULD FLETCHER
EDWARD E. HALE
FRANK J. MATHER, Jr.
CARL SANDBERG
The Social Study of the Ro»iin German. By
Hattie Plum Williams. 8vo, 101 pages. L,lncoln:
University of Nebraska. Paper. 76 cts.
Social Rule: A Study of the Will to Power. By
Elsie Clews .Parsons. 12mo, 185 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.
Workfellows In Social Progression. By Kate
Stephens. 12mo, 328 pages. Sturgis & Walton
Co. $1.60.
Operative Ownershipi A System of Industrial Pro-
duction Based upon Social Justice and the
Rights of Private Property. By James J. Finn.
12mo, 301 pages. Chicago: Langdon & Co. $1.50.
Government Telephones! The Experience of
Manitoba, Canada. By James Mavor, Ph.D.
12mo, 176 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.
BOOKS ABOUT THE GREAT WAR..
When the Prussians Came to Polandi The Expe-
riences of an American Woman during- the
German Invasion. By Laura de Gozdawi
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G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The Psychology of the Great War. By Gustave
Le Bon; translated by E. Andrews. Large 8vo.
480 pages. Macmillan Co.
ART AND MUSIC.
Venetian Painting in America, the Fifteenth Cen-
tury. By Bernard Berenson. Illustrated. 8vo,
282 pages. New York: Frederic Fairchild
Sherman. $4.
Kunatgreachlchte. III., Graphik des 15 und 16
Jahrhunderts und Miniaturmalerei des Mittel-
alters und der Renaissance. Compiled by
Prof. Dr. Jaro Springer. Illustrated, 12mo. 156
pages. Leipzig: Karl W. Hierse-Mann. Paper.
One Hundred English Folksongs for Medium Voice.
Edited by Cecil J. Sharp. 4to, 235 pages.
"Musicians' Library." Oliver Ditson Co. $1.50.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
The Organism aa a Whole, from a Physicochemical
Viewpoint. By Jacques Loeb, M.D. Illustrated.
8vo, 379 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
The Physical Basis of Society. By Carl Kelsey.
12mo, 406 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $2.
Ecological Investigations upon the Germination
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. BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
.\utlonal Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol.
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A Layman's Handbook of Medicine, with Special
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Co. $2.
PHILOSOPHY.
Humanity vs. Un-Humnnltyi A Criticism of the
German Idea In the Political and Philosophical
Development. By A. S. Elwell-Sutton. 12mo,
222 pages. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
Everyman's World. By Joseph Anthony Milburn.
12mo, 296 pages. Robert J. Shores. $1.60.
EDUCATION AND SCHOOL AFFAIRS.
Shnntlnlketani The Bolpur School of Rabindra-
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The Cllosophlc Society, Princeton University: A
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Sesquicentennial Anniversary. By Charles
Richard Williams. With frontispiece, 12mo, 214
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Modern Business Arithmetic. By Harry A. Finney
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Holt & Co.
Fundamentals of Frenchi A Combination of the
Direct and Grammar Methods. By Frances R.
Angus. 12mo, 280 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
The Spanish American Render. By Ernesto Nelson.
12mo, 367 pages. D. C. Heath & Co. $1.25.
An Outline History of English Literature. By
William H. Hudson. New edition; 12mo. 314
pages. London: G. Bell & Sons. Ltd.


1916]
597
THE DIAL
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Studies in Magic from Latin Literature. By
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Alaa! I am a Pruaslani The Soliloquy of a German
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INDEX TO VOLUME LXI
PAGE
Actor's Remembrances, An Percy F. Bicknell 306
Africa and the Great War Talbot Mundy 575
Age, Our Hospitable George Bernard Donlin .... 292
Allies, With the Travis Hoke 189
Ambassador, An, in Truth Rollo Walter Brown .... 138
American City, The Frederic Austin Ogg 185
American Dramatist, A Real Archibald Henderson 136
American Government, Problems of Harold J. Laski 387
American Speech and Speakers Wallace Rice 58
American Stage, Sixty Years of the Grant Showerman 463
American Statesmen, Classic Utterances of . . . William E. Dodd . . . . . 576
Americanism, Constructive, A Leader in Garland Greener 525
Art and the Moralists: D. H. Lawrence's Work . Edward Garnett 377
Art, Essays on Norman Foerster 104
Belgians, Feeding the George Bernard Donlin .... 532
Book-Flood, A Tantalus in Percy F. Bicknell 213
Book of Nature, Various Chapters from the . . Percy F. Bicknell 54
Candidates, The Two Harold J. Laski 304
Chesterton, Mr., The Strange Case of George Bernard Donlin .... 460
Conrad, Joseph, The Art of George Bernard Donlin .... 172
Critical Compromise, The George R. MacMinn 123
Days in the Open Percy F. Bicknell 23
Diplomat, Diversions of a Percy F. Bicknell 257
Economic Study, A Brilliant H. M. Kallen 106
Education,—What Is It? Thomas P. Beyer 101
"Emerald Way, The" Richard Aldington 447
England in Shakespeare's Time Barrett Wendell 453
English Influence on Our Institutions Harold J. Laski 530
Europe of To-Morrow, The T. D. A. Cockerell 53
Evolution, A Prophet of T. D. A. Cockerell 134'
Faguet, Emile James F. Mason 83
Federal Executive, Powers of the Lindsay Rogers 135
Fiction, New, Notes on 197, 354, 398, 469, 537, 587
Fiction, Recent* Edward E. Hale . 26,65,94,141,
193, 268, 313, 351, 396, 466, 535, 586
Free Verse, A New Field for Henry B. Fuller 515
Gallant, An Eighteenth Century Richard E. Danielson 582
Gaspard the Great E. Preston Dargan 311
German Conquest, The Primer of Harold J. Laski 456
Germany, The Spirit of Charles Wharton Stork .... 97
Gissing, George, A Chat about Melville B. Anderson 3
Hewlett, Maurice, Decline and Fall of John L. Hervey 337
Holiday Publications, 1916 471, 541
Ireland, 1916 Van Wyck Brooks 458
Irish Plays, A Group of Homer E. Woodbridgc .... 462
James, Henry, New Studies of William B. Cairns 344
Japan: Friend or FoeT Payson J. Treat 21
Japanese Poetry, The Spirit of Arthur L. Salmon 43
Juvenile Book Harvest, Finding the Best in the . . Montrose J. Moses 545
Lincoln Literature, New Luther E. Robinson 307
London, Literary Affairs in J.C. Squire .... 7, 250, 339, 567
Maeterlinck, Two Studies of Benj. M. Woodbridge .... 390
Master-Musician, A Russell Ramsey 263
Memorabilia Diplomatica W. H. Johnson 388
Moore's New Christ Edward Garnett 191
Mythology, A Storehouse of Helen A. Clarke 258
New Light on a Dark Problem Paul Blackwelder 186
New Spirit, The Graham Aldis 584
0. Henry: A Contemporary Classic irchibald Henderson 573


INDEX
Oxford Movement and Its Results Charles II. A. Wager ....
Paris, Literary Affairs in Theodore Stanton . 127, 295, 381,
Poe's Helen Killis Campbell
Poet and Editor, Ax American Henry B. Fuller
Poets, Four American William A. Bradley
Poetry from the Trenches Witter Byiiner
Poetry, Our Changing Odell Shepard
Poetry, Recent Raymond M. Alden
Prophet Looks Backward, A Xorman Foerster
Reformer, The Life-Story of a Alex. Mackendrick
Regnier, Henri De Richard Aldington
Religions and Morals of the World Nathaniel Schmidt
Russia and Its Possibilities Nathan Haskell Dole ....
Russian Fiction, More Translations of Winifred Smith
Salvation, The Thirst for Arthur H. Quinn
Seeing It Through Randolph Bourne
Shakespeare Tercentenary Plays, Two Homer E. Woodbridge . . . .
Single Tax Philosophy, A Study of Alex. Mackendrick
Slavic Fiction, New Translations of Winifred Smith .
Socialists,—Can They Still Be Christians? . . . Thomas P. Beyer
Theatre, Propaganda in the Oliver M. Sayler
Three Not of a Kind William L. Phelps . . . . .
Trade Unions, The Activities of Lindsay Rogers
Verhaeren, Emile Benj. M. Woodbridge
Voice in the Wilderness, An Aristocratic .... Herbert E. Cory
War, Light through the Mists of T. D. A. Cockerell
War, Many Aspects of the T. D. A. Cockerell
War, Problems and Lessons of the Frederic Austin Ogg
PACE
393
517
395
455
528
531
247
59
182
262
171
579
265
267
534
563
22
346
103
56
OS
196
585
565
16
465
187
349
•Announcements of Fall Books. 1916 218, 275
Season's Books for the Young, 1916 549
Casual Comment 9. 45, 86. 130, 175, 262, 298, 341, 384, 448, 520. 669
Communications 12, 49, 89. 133, 179, 266, 808, 461, 628, 672
Briefs on New Books 28, 68. 107, 143, 216, 271, 316. 355, 401. 639, 689
Briefer Mention 32, 72
Notes and News 83. 73. 113, 146, 198, 274, 319, 404, 483, 592
Topics in Leading Periodicals 74, 118, 147, 281, 359, 485
Lists of New Books 34, 76, 115. 148. 231, 282, 820, 360, 407, 487, 664, 591
CASUAL COMMENT
PAGE
A. L. A. Conference, Democratic Note at the 46
Alliterative Aids 622
American Academy of Arts and Letters, The 87
American Drama, Beginnings of the 884
American Usage, English Misconceptions of 450
Army, Card-Cataloguing an 11
Authors, A Pitfall for 521
Bibliopoly, Expert 571
Blake. William, The Cult of 252
Book, A Deservedly Popular, in Russia 522
Book-Auctioneer, The Way of the 521
Book-Collection of Unusual Character, A Proposed 12
Book-Fines, The Question of 176
Book-Illustration, Oddities of 528
Book-Lovers, "Browsing Room" for 49
Book-Prices, Higher 132
Book-Review, Why Is a? 460
Book-Trade for 1915, American, Decline in 12
Bookselling to Libraries 254
Books for the Shut-in 450
Books Lost to Sight 133
Books that Know No Summer Vacation 47
Books Thumbed by Washington 11
Browning in Intimate Intercourse 887
Butlers, Samuel, The Two 86
Catalogue Game, The 176
Cataloguing, Exhilaration In 181
Censorship, Self-Appointed, The Odium of 254
Children's Library Building, True Story of the 342
Collectors, An Eventful Season for 384
PACK
College Faculty and College Trustees 10
"Collier's," An Editorial Writer on 448
Copyright, In Behalf of Sanctity of 522
Correspondent, From an Inquiring 670
Critics, Criticizing the 800
Dante's Deeper Meanings 10
Depths, Out of the 570
Dictionary, Promoting the Popularity of the 178
Duncan, Norman, Varied Achievements of 343
Dundreary, Lord, The Evolution of 299
Editorial Colloquialisms 300
Educational Treadmill, Getting Out of the 9
Epistolary Art, A Stimulus to 176
"Esquire," A New Use for 177
Fiction, Unforbidden 130
Free Verse, Ancient Greek Prototypes of 175
French Academy Vacancies 886
French Educators, A Delegation of 87
"Good Book Week" 342
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Memory of 86
"Home, Sweet Home," The Author of 89
Imagism and Free Verse, Popular Appreciation of 299
Information Desk, Further Items from the 343
Iteration, Effect of 10
Japan's Book-Importations 11
Jutland, Poetic Inspiration from 48
Juvenile Readers, Segregation of 132
Language-Inventors, Hopefulness of 131
Libraries in War-Time 386
Library Ramification ; 341


INDEX v
~
s
:
|
.
*Act. page
Library Routine, Enlivenments to...... - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . 571 Public Library, Splendid Bequest to a....... - - - - - - - - - - 449
Library Support, Supplementary . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - 12 Publisher's Burden, The ................... - - - - - - - - - - 302
Library Visitors, Unwelcome Punctuation, Problems in..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . 9
Line, The Haunting “Ramona,”—Where It Is Most Popular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Literary Property, Confiscating an Enemy's............ 342 Readers' Rapture ....................... - - - - - - - - - 299
Literary Work, Cash Prizes for...................... 385 Reading and Teaching........ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 301
Literature for Ladies ................................. 3.02 Reading Habit, Stimulant to the........ - - - - - - - 451
Literature, Leisure for, Revival of.................... 45 Reading Room, Better Than a... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Literature of Power vs. Literature of Knowledge..... . 300 Redesdale, Lord . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... . . . . . . . . 130
Literature, Penalties of............................... 175 Riley, James Whitcomb, Death of... . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - ... 88
Lyre, A Silent ...................................... 253 Romance, By the Shores of Old. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - 178
Magazine Verse of 1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Round Table, The ... 178
Mark Twain's Vitality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 Sappho's Pen, A New Lyric from . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 48
Mexican Border, Need of Books on the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Self-Portraiture, Humorous . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - 9
Mine of Wealth, An Unworked... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Serial, The Most Famous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 88
Münsterberg, Professor, Our Debt to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 Shakespeare Tercentenary, The... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
“Nation, The,” Puts Its Finger on the Spot. . . . . . . . . . 86 Shakespeare, Truth about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 450
National Educational Association's Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Shakespeare's Earth, The Shape of..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 253
Nobel Prize Winner, The Latest........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 Slavic Writers, One of the First, to Be Read in America. 449
Novels, English, Slackened Stream of... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Startling Style, The . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 302
Orthography, A War of Attrition on Our............ 175 “Stevenson, The Mannerly" . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 258
Palimpsest, Return of the....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 342 Story, An Old, Revived..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Periodical Literature, Glorification of..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 Story Hour, Sidelights on the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -
Periodical Obsession ............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 Superannuation, Some Aspects of . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - -
Periodicals, Vital Statistics of.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Superficiality, Cultivation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - 522
Philippine Move for Efficiency, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Tagore, Rabindranath, on Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Plagiarist, The Beneficent ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - 132 Terseness, Where It Counts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 386
Playwright, When a Promising, Appears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Thinkers, One of the World's Greatest. . . . . . . . -
Poe, Edgar Allan ............. Treitschke in His Lecture-Room..... - - - - - - - - - -
Poet, A Severe Young Verse and Prose, Difference between. . . . . . . . . .
Poetry in Apples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vocations of the Liberally Educated. . . . . . . . . . .
Poetry, New, The Mention of the........... - - - - - - - - - 343 War Library, A Mammoth........... . . . . . . . .
Poetry, Newark Prizes for War-Time, International Copyright in... . . . . . . . - -
Poetry, The Interest in........ Word, An Overworked . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57.1
Poetry, War as a Stimulant to Writers for Boys, The Most Prolific of... . . . . . . . . ... 46
Public Library, Signs of the Times in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Youth, They Who Have Found the Fountain of 47
AUTHORS AND TITLES
Abbott, J. F. Japanese Expansion and American
Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Adam, H. Pearl. International Cartoons of the War. .. 478
Adams, H. F. Advertising and Its Mental Laws...... 591
Adderley, Canon. In Slums and Society
Adler, Hazel H. The New Interior........... -
Ady, Mrs. Henry. Painters of Florence................
“Allies' Fairy Book,” with Introduction by Edmund Gosse 546
Anderson, Sherwood. Windy McPherson's Son......... 196
Andrews, Mary R. S. The Eternal Feminine.. ... 471
Andreyev, L. N. The Little Angel.................... 104
“Arabian Nights' Entertainments,” illus. by Louis Rhead 546
Auer, Harry A. Camp Fires in the Yukon............. 23
Aumonier, Stacy. Olga Bardel................ - - - - - - - - 400
“Baby's Journal,” decorated by Blanche F. Wright..... 545
Bacon, Corinne. Children's Catalog of One Thousand
Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Banks, Edgar J. Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 481
Bartlett, Frederick O. The Wall Street Girl........... 269
Bashford, J. W. China: An Interpretation............ 316
Bell, H. T. M., and Woodhead, H. G. W. China Year
Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------ --
Bell, Ralcy Husted. Taormina - ---
Benham, A. R. English Literature from Widsith to the
Death of Chaucer........ ----------------- - - - - - - - - 357
Benjamin, René. Private Gaspard..................... 3.11
Bennett, Arnold. The Lion's Share
Beresford, J. D. These Lynnekers...
Bernbaum, Ernest. The Drama of Sensibility.......... 145
Berridge, W. S. Wonders of Animal Life.............. 548
Bing Ding. Seven Maids of Far Cathay............... 481
Bingham, E. A. The Heart of Thunder Mountain...... 26
Bishop, J. B. Presidential Nominations and Elections... 317
Bisland, Elizabeth. The Case of John Smith.......... 69
Blackwood, Algernon. Julius LeVallon................ 398
Blake, W. H. Brown Waters.......................... 23
Blakeslee, G. H. Problems and Lessons of the War.... 349
Bodart, Gaston. Losses of Life in Modern Wars....... 401
Bonger, W. A. Criminality and Economic Conditions... 272
Bottome, Phyllis. The Dark Tower................... 399
Bourget, Paul. The Night Cometh.................... 67
Bourne, Randolph S. The Gary Schools.... . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Bowen, Marjorie. Shadows of Yesterday.............. 588
OF BOOKS REVIEWED
Bowers, Mrs. B. M. The Phantom Herd..... . . . . . . . . . . 26
Bowsfield, C. C. How Boys and Girls Can Earn Money. 54
Boyd, C. E. Public Libraries and Literary Culture in
Ancient Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Boyd, E. A. Ireland's Literary Renaissance..... . . . . . . 459
Bradford, Gamaliel. Union Portraits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Brady, Cyrus Townsend. And Thus He Came. . . . . . . . . 480
Brent, Charles H. A Master Builder........ . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Brewer, John M. Oral English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Brieux, Eugene. Woman. On Her Own................. 98
Brooks, Alfred. Dante: How to Know Him.......... 272
Bruce, P. A. Brave Deeds of Confederate Soldiers...... 548
Bryan, W. B. History of the National Capital, conclud-
ing volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 215
Bryant, Sara C. Stories to Tell the Littlest Ones. . . . . 548
Buck, Mitchel S. Ephemera.......................... 109
Burgess, F. W. Old Pottery and Porcelain............ 478
Burgess, J. W. Administration of President Hayes.... 29
Burnet, Dana. The Shining Adventure............... 470
Burnett, Frances H. The Land of the Blue Flower.... 479
Burrill, Edgar W. Master Skylark....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Burroughs, John. Under the Apple-Trees............. . 56
Cabell, James B. The Certain Hour..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Cadman, E. Parkes. Three Oxford Reformers.......... 111
Cajori, Florian. William Oughtred...................
Camehl, Ada W. The Blue-China Book.....
Campbell, R. J. The War and the Soul....
Candee, Helen C. Jacobean Furniture......
Cannan, G. Three Sons and a Mother.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“Carducci, Giosué, The Rime Nuove of," trans. by Laura
F. Gilbert ........................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 110
Carpenter, Edward. My Days and Dreams............. 182
Case, Clarence M. The Banner of the White Horse. ... 547
Cather, Katherine D. Life Stories of Famous Men
“Cesare, One Hundred Cartoons by". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chalmers, Stephen. The Penny Piper of Saranac.....
Charnwood, Lord. Abraham Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chekhov, Anton. The Darling, trans. by Constance
Garnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. ... 470
Child, Richard W. Potential Russia................... 265
Churchill, Mrs. George. Letters from My Home in India 542
Clark, Macdonald. Maurice Maeterlinck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Clarke, E. L. American Men of Letters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107


INDEX
PAGE
"Clarke, William Newton" 404
Clauson, J. Earl. The Dog's Book of Verse 481
Clifford. Sir Hush. Further Side of Silence 858
Clodd, Edward. Memories 641
Glut ton-Brock, A. Studies in Gardening 648
Cobb, Irvin S. Local Color 638
Collison, Archdeacon. In the Wake of the War Canoe 80
Colutn. Padraic. Three Plays 462
Colum, Padraic, and others. The Irish Rebellion, 1916.. 469
Condi-. Bertha. Business of Being a Friend 481
Cone, Helen G. Chant of Love for England 68
Cornaro, Luigi. Art of Living Long, new edition 71
Cornaro, Luigi. Discourses on the Sober Life, new
edition 71
Common, J. R., and Andrews, J. B. Principles of
Labor Legislation 110
Corrothers, J. D. In Spite of the Handicap 472
Courtney, Lord. Nationalism and War in the Near East 350
Coussens, Penrhyn. Tales of Heroism and Daring 647
Creel, George. Wilson and the Issues 804
Crotch, W. Walter. The Pageant of Dickens 68
Crow, Carl. Japan and America 21
Cunningham, W. English Influences on the United
States 530
Czaplicka, M. A. My Siberian Year 476
Daly, Mrs. de Burgh. An Irishwoman in China 476
Dearborn, George V. N. The Influence of Joy 81
Denys, F. W. Our Summer in the Vale of Kashmir... 26
Desmond, Humphrey J. The Way to Easy Street 546
Dewey, John. Democracy and Education 101
Dick, C. H. Highways and Byways in Galloway and
Carrick 477
Dickson, Harris. The House of Luck 469
Dix, Beulah Marie. Blithe McBride 588
Dodd, Lee W. The Middle Miles 61
Donnell, Annie H. Miss Theodosia's Heartstrings 400
Doren, Mark van. Henry David Thoreau 357
Doster, W. E. Lincoln, and Episodes of the Civil War. 310
Doyle. Lynn. Mr. Wildridge of the Bank 354
Dreiser, Theodore. A Hoosier Holiday 474
Drury, F. R. W. A List of Short Stories 72
Dunn, B. A. Boy Scouts of the Shenandoah 547
Dupont, Marcel. In the Field 191
Eaton, Mrs. Wyatt. A Last Memory of Stevenson 317
Eaton, Walter P. Peanut—Cub Reporter 547
Eaton, Walter P. The Bird House Man 364
Emerson, W. Latchstring to Maine Woods and Waters 65
Endell, Frits. Old Tavern Signs 544
"Erskine, Barbara, Poems of" 191
Erskine, Mrs. Steuart. Letters of Anna Jameson 148
Escott, T. H. S. Great Victorians 471
Ervine, St. John G. Four Irish Plays 468
Ervine, St. John G. Sir Edward Carson 468
Faulkner, Georgene. Old English Nursery Tales 648
Fels, Mary. Joseph Fels 262
Fife, R. H. The German Empire between Two Wars.. 69
Findlater, Mary and Jane. Content with Flies 481
Fisher. Fred B. Gifts from the Desert 644
Fitch, A. H. The Breath of the Dragon 198
"Fitch, Clyde, Plays of," memorial edition, edited by
Montrose J. Moses 186
Fitch, G. H. Great Spiritual Writers of America 355
FitzGerald. C. C. Penrose. From Sail to Steam 541
Fletcher. J. F- Modernness of Dante 272
Foster, Edna. Something to Do. Boys 648
Fowle, T. C. Travels in the Middle East 476
Franck, H. A. Tramping through Mexico, Guatemala.
and Honduras 274
Francke. Kuno. The German Spirit 97
Frank, Florence Kiper. The Jew to Jesus 62
Freud, Sigmund. Wit and its Relation to the Unconscious 592
Fried, A. H. The Restoration of Europe 850
Frost, Robert. Mountain Interval 680
Fuller. James F. Omniana 642
Fuller, Margaret. A New England Childhood 404
Garland, Hamlin. They of the High Trails 27
Garshin, W. M. The Signal 104
Gautier, Judith. Memoirs of a White Elephant 647
Genthe, Arnold. Book of the Dance 589
Gerould, Gordon H. Saints' Legends 402
Gerould, Katharine F. Hawaii 474
Gibbons, Herbert A. The New Map of Africa 676
"Gilder. Richard Watson. Letters of," edited by
Rosamund Gilder 465
PAGE
Gilman, Lawrence. A Christmas Meditation 645
Gogol, Nicola V. Taras Bulba, trans, by Isabel F.
Hapgood 267
Goldring, Maud. Charlotte Bronte the Woman 274
Goldsmith, Milton. Practical Things with Simple Tools 648
Goncharov, Ivan. Oblomov, trans, by C. J. Hogarth... 108
Goncharov, Ivan. The Precipice 104
Goodwin, W. A. R. The Church Enchained 189
Gorky. Maxim. The Confession, trans, by Rose
Strunsky 267
Gould, Elizabeth L. Cap'n Gid 400
Grahame. Kenneth. Cambridge Book of Poetry 646
Grant, Hamil. Last Days of the Archduke Rudolph 478
"Granville, Earl, Private Correspondence of 815
Gray, L. H., and Moore, G. F. Mythology of All Races 268
Griffis. William E. Bonnie Scotland 476
Griffith, William. Loves and Losses of Pierrot 643
Groat, G. G. Introduction to the Study of Organized
Labor in America 585
Guest, Edgar A. A Heap o' Livin' 356
Guyer, Michael F. Being Weil-Born 71
Hale, Beatrice Forbes-Robertson. The Nest-Builder 5S8
Hale, Louise Closser, and Walter. We Discover the
Old Dominion 474
Hall, Baynard R. The New Purchase, new edition 482
Hamilton, Mary A. Dead Yesterday 469
Hammond, J. M. Winter Journeys in the South 474
Hammond, L. H. In the Garden of Delight 589
"Handbook of the New York Public Library" 72
Hannah, Ian Campbell. Quaker-Born 689
Harding, G. L. Present-Day China 316
Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. Helen 688
Hart, Albert B. American Statesmen, "Collier Classics" 576
Hastings, James, and others. Encyclopaedia of Religion
and Ethics, Vols. II., Vin 679
Hawthorne's The Seven Vagabonds, illus. by Helen M.
Grose 479
"Hay, John, Complete Poetical Works of," limited edi-
tion 544
Hay, J. MacDougalL Barnacles 471
Healy, William. Honesty 72
Hellman, G. S. Letters of Brevoort to Irving 540
Helms, E. W. Reflections of a Cornfield Philosopher... 481
Henderson, E. F. Short History of Germany, new edi-
tion 72
Henderson, J. B. Cruise of the Tomas Barrera 24
Hibbert, H. G. Fifty Years of a Londoner's Life 472
Hill, John P. The Federal Executive 186
Hind, C. Lewis. A Soldier Boy 271
Hobson, Elizabeth C. Recollections of a Happy Life... 471
Hollingworth, Harry L. Vocational Psychology 216
Holmes, Arthur. Backward Children 32
Holmes, Edmond. The Nemesis of Docility 408
Hornblow, Arthur. Training for the Stage 401
Home, C. Silvester. David Livingstone, new edition... 642
Hoss, Elijah E. Life of David Morton 72
Hough, Emerson. Let Us Go Afield 54
Hough, Emerson. The Magnificent Adventure 856
Ho wells, William D. The Leather wood God 684
Huckel, Oliver. A Dreamer of Dreams 478
Hudson, W. H. Green Mansions, new edition 28
Hueffer, Ford Madox. Henry James 345
Hughes, Charles E. Yale Lectures on Citizenship 304
Hunt, Edward Eyre. War Bread 632
Huston, Ethelyn L. The Towers of Ilium 639
Irving's Old Christmas, illus. by Frank Dadd 479
Irwin, Florence. The Road to Mecca 95
Jacks, L. P. Philosophers in Trouble 691
Jackson, F. J. F. Social Life in England. 1750-1860.. 690
James, Winifred. A Woman in the Wilderness 24
Jones, Fortier. With Serbia into Exile 189
Johnson. Owen. The Woman Gives 198
Johnston, W. A. Deeds of Doing and Daring 548
Jusserand, J. J. With Americans of Past and Present
Days 188
Kalaw, Maximo. The Case for the Filipinos 68
Kaye-Smith, Sheila. Sussex Gorse 536
Kelley, James P. Workmanship in Words 855
Kellogg, Vernon L. Military Selection and Race Dete-
rioration 401
Kelly, Eleanor M. Kildares of Storm 587
Kendall. Oswald. Romance of the Martin Connor 862
Key, Ellen. War, Peace, and the Future 465
Keyser, C. J. Human Worth of Rigorous Thinking 112


INDEX vil
PAGE PAGE
Kilbourne, F. W. Chronicles of the White Mountains... 145 Nesbit, E. The Incredible Honeymoon... .......... 588
King, Grace. The Pleasant Ways of St. Medard....... 196 Newmark, Rosa. The Russian Arts............ ....... 542
King, Henry C. It's All in the Day's Work ... 545 Nolen, John. City Planning........ - - - - - - - - --- 186
Kingsley, Charles. The Tutor's Story. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Norris, Kathleen. The Heart of Rachael.............. 194
Korolenko, Vladimir. Makar's Dream, trans. by Marian Northend, Mary H. Garden Ornaments............... 548
Fell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 O'Brien, Seumas. Duty................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Knipe, E. B., and A. A. Polly Trotter, Patriot 547 O'Brien, Seumas. The Whale and the Grasshopper.... 537
Krapp, G. P. Rise of English Literary Prose......... 145 Olcott, Frances J. Bible Stories from the Old Testa-
Krehbiel, Edward. War and Society........ - - - - - - - - - - - 359 ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 546
Krüger, Fritz-Konrad. Government and Politics of the Ollivant, Alfred. The Brown Mare.............. ....... 198
German Empire ................ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.18 Olmstead, Florence. Father Bernard's Parish.......... 95
Lagerlöf, Selma. The Emperor of Portugallia......... 467 Onions, C. T. Shakespeare's England....... ------- . . . . .458
Lait, Jack. Beef, Iron and Wine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Kingdom of the Blind... 354
Laughlin, Clara E. Reminiscences of James Whitcomb Osborne, Thomas Mott. Society and Prisons........... 186
Riley ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O'Shaughnessy, Mrs. Nelson. A Diplomat's Wife in
Law, Benjamin R. C. The House That Was....... Mexico ........ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 144
Lawrence, R. M. Site of St. Paul's Cathedral, Boston... 475 Oyen, Henry. The Snow-Burner................ - - - - - - 470
Leacock, Stephen. Further Foolishness..... . . . . . . . . . . . 588 Paine, Albert B. Boys' Life of Mark Twain........... 547
Lermontov, M. Y. A Hero of Our Time, trans. by Palmer, John Leslie. The King's Men................ 66
J. H. Wisdom and M. Murray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 “Papers on Playmaking" .......................... 544
Lewis, Calvin M. Handbook of American Speech..... 58 Patrick, G. T. W. Psychology of Relaxation..... 144
Lincoln, C. Z. The Civil Law and the Church....... 358 Pearl, Raymond. Modes of Research in Genetics.. 108
Little, C. J. Biographical and Literary Studies... Peattie, Elia W. Sarah Brewster's Relatives........... 547
Locke, William J. The Wonderful Year........ -
London, Jack. The Turtles of Tasman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lowell, Amy. Men, Women and Ghosts....
Lucas, E. W. More Wanderings in London.....
Lucas, E. V. The Vermilion Box..............
Lucy, Sir Henry. Nearing Jordan - -
Bodbank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lynch, Michael.
Lynd, Sylvia. The Chorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -
Lynde, Francis. After the Manner of Men............
MacBrayne, L. E., and Ramsay, J. P.
Chance . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Macbride, Thomas H. On the Campus............
MacCorkle, W. A. The White Sulphur Springs
MacDonagh, Thomas. Literature in Ireland........ ... 460
Macdonald, J. Moreton. History of France...... . . . . 111
MacGill, Patrick. The Great Push................ ... 190
MacKaye, Percy. Caliban by the Yellow Sands.
MacKenzie, Jean K. Black Sheep................. - -
MacNaughtan, S. A Woman's Diary of the War.......
McFee, William. Casuals of the Sea..................
McManis, John T. Ella Flagg Young.................
McSpadden, J. W. Famous Painters of America.....
Maeterlinck, Maurice. The Wrack of the Storm. -
Malet, Lucas. Damaris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ - - - -
Malot, Hector. Sans Famille, trans. by Florence
Crewe-Jones . . . . . . . ------------------------- - - - - - - 479
Marchant, James. Alfred Russel Wallace............... 134
Marcosson, I. F., and Frohman, D. Charles Frohman..
Mark Twain's The Mysterious Stranger, illus. by N. C.
Wyeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Marquis, Don. Dreams and Dust................... ... 60
Marshall, Archibald. Watermeads................ ..... 197
Marvin, D. E. Curiosities in Proverbs...... . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Masefield, John. Multitude and Solitude................ 353
Masefield, John. Salt-Water Poems and Ballads....... 480
Masson, Thomas L. Short Stories from Life.......... 586
Masters, Edgar Lee. Songs and Satires........ . . . . . . . .
Masters, Edgar Lee. The Great Valley.... -
Mather, Frank J., Jr. Estimates in Art...... ---- ... 105
Matthews, Brander. Chief European Dramatists..
Maurel, André. A Month in Rome................ . . . .273
Maurice, A. B. The New York of the Novelists....... 475
Mearns, Hughes. Richard Richard.................... 538
Meigs, Cornelia. Master Simon's Garden.............. 547
Mencken, H. L. A Book of Burlesques............... 540
Merwin, Samuel. The Trufflers................. - - - - - - - 399
Miller, E. L. Practical English Composition, II....... 32
Mills, Enos A. The Story of Scotch................... 480
Monroe, Anne S. Happy Valley....................... 108
Moore, George. The Brook Kerith............. - - - - - - - - 191
Mordaunt, Elinor. The Family........................ 65
More, Paul Elmer. Aristocracy and Justice..... - - - - - - 16
Morlae, Edward. A Soldier of the Legion............. 271
Moses, Belle. Paul Revere............................ 547
Moses, Montrose J. Life of Heinrich Conried......... 471
Muir, John. A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf....... 539
Mundy, Talbot. King of the Khyber Rifles. . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Munro, W. B. Principles and Methods of Municipal
Administration ............. ---------------------- 185
Munroe, James P. The New England Conscience...... 216
Münsterberg, Hugo. The Photoplay.................... 28
Nemirovitch-Dantchenko, V. I. With a Diploma, trans.
by W. J. Stanton-Pyper...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 267
Peixotto, Ernest. Our Hispanic Southwest
Pennell, Joseph. The Wonder of Work........
Percy, William A. Sappho in Levkas. . . . . . . . . . .
Perry, R. B. The Free Man and the Soldier. ...
Peters, Madison C. Seven Secrets of Success...
Phillpotts, Eden. The Green Alleys........... - - -
Pickthall, Marmaduke. The House of War............
Pillsbury, W. B. Essentials of Psychology........
Porter, Adrian. Life and Letters of Sir John Hennike
Heaton
Pound, Ezra. Gaudier-Brzeska
Powys, John Cowper. -
Prime, W. C. Along New England Roads, new edition
Pyle, Katharine. Wonder Tales Retold.................
Quin, Malcolm. Problem of Human Peace. . . . . . . . . . . .
“Raemaekers' Cartoons”
Rai, Lajpat. Young India -
Rankin, H. B. Personal Recollections of Lincoln......
Ranous, Dora K. Good English in Good Form........
Ransom, William L. Charles E. Hughes..... - - - - - - - - -
Redesdale, Lord. Memories..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Richards, John T. Abraham Lincoln ..
Richards, Laura E. Fairy Operettas.......... - - - - - - - -
Richards, Rosalind. A Northern Countryside..........
Rider, Bertha C. The Greek House........
Riley, B. F. Life and Times of Booker T. Washingto
Roberts, Charles G. D. The Secret Trails....
Robertson, C. G., and Bartholomew, J. G. Atlas of
Modern Europe ....... ----------------------- - - - - -
Robie, Virginia. The Quest of the Quaint.......... --
Robinson, Charles M. City Planning. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Robinson, E. A. The Man against the Sky............
Robinson, Heath. Hunlikely!..........................
Rolland, Romain. Handel, trans. by A. E. Hull.......
Rolt-Wheeler, F. The Boy with the U. S. Mail........
Roof, Katherine M. The Stranger at the Hearth......
Roosevelt, Theodore. A Book-Lover's Holidays in the
Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----------------------
Root, Elihu. Addresses on Government and Citizenship
Ross, Gordon. Argentina and Uruguay................
Salaman, Malcolm C. Shakespeare in Pictorial Art....
Salisbury, F. S. Rambles in the Vaudese Alps.......
Salmon, Arthur L. Joy of Love and Friendship.......
Sandberg, Carl. Chicago Poems................ - - - - - - -
“Sapper.” Michael Cassidy, Sergeant.......... --------
Saunders, Marshall. The Wandering Dog......... - - - - -
Sawyer, Ruth. This Way to Christmas................
Scherer, James A. B. The Japanese Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . .
Schevill, F. Making of Modern Germany..............
Schindler, Kurt. Songs of the Russian People.....
Schmitt, Bernadotte E. England and Germany.....
Schoolcraft, H. R. Indian Fairy Book, new edition....
Scollard, Clinton. Italy in Arms.......... - - - - - - - - - - - -
Scott, E. J., and Stowe, L. B. Booker T. Washington
Scully, W. C. Lodges in the Wilderness...........
Sears, Clara E. Gleanings from Old Shaker Journals..
Sergeant, Elizabeth S. French Perspectives...........
Service, Robert W. Rhymes of a Red Cross Man......
Seward, F. W. Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman
and Diplomat .......... --------------------------
Seymour, C. Diplomatic Background of the War, 1870-
1914 ....... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
818
309
3.18
304
257
307
548
st;
482
525
544.'
32
477
186
62
478
263
549
538


viii
INDEX
Sharp, Dallas Lore. The Hills of Hingham.
Sherman, C. L. The Great Dot Mystery
Showerman, Grant. A Country Chronicle
Slchel, Harold. Impressions Calendar
Sidgwick, Ethel. Hatchways
PAGE
55
548
480
482
535
Smith, C. Alphonso. O. Henry Biography 673
Smith. E. Boyd. In the Land of Make-Believe 548
Smith, F. Hopkinson. In Dickens's London, cheaper
edition 476
Smith, F. Hopkinson, and F. Berkeley. Enoch Crane... 268
Smith, Harriet L. Other People's Business 400
Smith, Nora A. Old, Old Tales from the Old, Old Book 546
Snaith, J. C. The Sailor 195
Sologub, Feodor. The Little Demon, trans, by J.
Cournos and R. Aldington 268
Soloviev, E. A. Dostoievsky, trans, by C. J. Hogarth.. 271
Sombart, W. Quintessence of Capitalism, trans, by
M. Epstein 106
Sothern, Edward H. The Melancholy Tale of "Me" 806
Spargo, John. Marxian Socialism and Religion 56
Spearman, Frank H. Nan of Music Mountain 26
Spender, Harold. General Botha 273
Spofford, Harriet P. A Little Book of Friends 472
"St. Nicholas Book of Plays and Operettas," second
series 548
Starr, Louis. The Adolescent Period 82
Stephens, James. The Insurrection in Dublin 458
Sterling, George. Ode on the Opening of the Panama-
Pacific Exposition 60
Sterling, George. Yosemite 69
Stevenson's, The Black Arrow, illus. by N. C. Wyeth 479, 546
Stokes, A. P. What Jesus Thought of Himself 80
"Stories All the Children Love" 647
Stratton-Porter, Gene. Morning Face 548
Symons, Arthur. Studies in Seven Arts, revised edition 104
Taft, William Howard. Our Chief Magistrate 136
Taft, William Howard. The Presidency 135
Taggart, Marion A. Beth of Old Chilton 547
Tagore, Rabindranath. The Hungry Stones 468
Tarkington, Booth. Pen rod and Sam 587
Tatlock, J. S. P., and Martin, R. G. Representative
English Plays 640
Taylor, Una. Maurice Maeterlinck 390
Tchekhov, Anton. Russian Silhouettes, trans, by Marian
Fell 104
Tchekhov, Anton. The Bet, trans, by S. Koteliansky and
J. M. Murray 104
Terman, L. M. Measurement of Intelligence 316
•Thatcher, O. L. Book for Shakespeare Plays and
Pageants 145
"Theatre, The Truth about the" 590
Thorn, DeCourcy W. Midsummer Motoring in Europe.. 476
Thomas, Edith M. The White Messenger 68
Thompson, E. N. S. John Milton 358
Thorndike, Ashley H. Shakespeare's Theatre 108
Thureau-Dangin, P. English Catholic Revival in the
19th Century, revised edition 393
MISCELLANEOUS
PAGE
Ticknor, Caroline. Poe's Helen 395
Titchener, E. B. A Beginner's Psychology 70
Titus, Harold. "I Conquered" 26
Tobenkin, Elias. Witte Arrives 194
Towse, John R. Sixty Years of the Theater 463
Trafton, Gilbert H. Bird Friends 648
Treitschke, Heinrich von. Politics 466
Trent, William P. Defoe 402
Tryon, Lillian H. Speaking of Home 403
Untermeyer, Louis. "—and Other Poets" 64
Vachell, Horace A. The Triumph of Tim 689
Veressayev, Vlkenty. Memoirs of a Physician 144
Vizetelly, Ernest A. In Seven Lands 476
Walpole. Hugh. The Dark Forest 66
Walsh, Thomas. The Pilgrim Kings 60
Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Lady Connie 396
Warnod, Andre. Prisoner of War 190
Washburn, Margaret F. Movement and Mental Imagery 318
Waugh, Frederick J. The Clan of Munes 644
Webster, Henry K. The Painted Scene 270
Webster, Nesta H. The Chevalier de Boufflers 682
Wellman. Walter. The German Republic 357
Wells. H. G. Mr. Britling Sees It Through 314
Wells, H. G. What Is Coming? 68
Wells. J. E. Manual of Writings in Middle English.. Ill
West. Julius. G. K. Chesterton 460
West, Rebecca. Henry James 844
Wharton, Edith. Xingu 686
White, Edward L. El Supremo 468
White, Stewart E. The Leopard Woman 362
Whitelock, W. W. Germany in Relation to the War.. 217
Whitmore, Chas. E. The Supernatural in Tragedy 216
Whitney, Caspar. What's the Matter with Mexico?... 689
Whistler's Ten O'Clock, with Foreword by D. C. Seitz 644
Wickware. F. G. American Year Book, 1916 72
Wiggin, Kate Douglas. Romance of a Christmas Card 480
Wilder, Louise B. My Garden 480
Wilkinson, Louis W. The Buffoon 469
Williamson, C. N. and A. M. The Lightning Conductor
Discovers America 94
Wilson, Harry L. Somewhere in Red Gap 270
Wilson, Woodrow. The President of the United States 304
Wilstach. PauL Mount Vernon 476
Wood. Grace, and Burbank, Emily. Art of Interior
Decoration 543
Wood. Leonard. Our Military History 109
Wood. S. T. Rambles of a Canadian Naturalist 56
Worthington, J. H.. and Baker, R. P. Sketches in
Poetry, Prose, Paint, and Pencil 648
Wright, C. H. C. History of the Third French Republic 69
Wright, Henry C. The American City 186
Yeats, William B. Reveries over Childhood and Youth 68
Young, A. N. Single Tax Movement in the United States 346
Young, E. Daring Deeds of Trappers and Hunters 548
Young, W. H. A Merry Banker in the Far East 25
Zahm, J. A. Through South America's Southland 24
Zangwill, Israel. The War for the World 187
Zeitlin, J. Select Prose of Robert Southey 71
Amateur, Plea for the. Louise G. Cann 624
Authorship, Unionized. Robert J. Shores 51
Begging the Question. Thomas P. Beyer 51
Blake's Designs for "Night Thoughts." J. F. Howe... 256
Books for Would-Be Novelists. A List for 274
College and Conversation. Rene Kelly 461
Disavowal and a Protest, A. Lewis W. Smith 181
Duncan, Norman, Death of 343
Echegaray, Jose, Death of 274
Ellis, Edward S.. Death of 46
Folk-Lore Society of Texas, First Publication of the 32
Form, By Virtue of. J. G. Fletcher 266
Free Verse, Psychology and. E. W. Dolch, Jr 181
Homer in English Hexameters. Charles D. 1'latt 52
Ingram, John H., Death of. J. H. Whitty 16
Japan, Notes from. Ernest W. Clement 623
"Like" and "As." Use of. S. T. Kidder 462
London. Jack, Death of 485
Lowell, Percival, Death of 484
"Macbeth" Novelized. Warwick J. Price 60
M£rimec, Prosper, and "The Pied Piper of Hamelin."
lienj. M. Woodbridge 180
Moore's New Christ. W. E. Chancellor 265
Novel. What Is a. James Routh 49
Poe's Playmates in Kilmarnock. Lewis Chone 303
Poetical Prescience. John Bunker
Poetry and Other Things. H. E. Warner
Punctuation, Problems in. W. L. Klein
Redesdale, Lord, Death of
Reviewer's Corrections, A. S. A. Tannenbaum.
Riley, James Whitcomb, Denth of
Royce, Josiah, Death of.
.. 15
.. 91
.. 62
.. 180
.. 62
.. 88
.. 262
Sappho Fragment, The New. Benjamin Horton 179
"Seven Arts, The," First Issue of 406
Shakespeare, Grant White's. H. It. Stevens 12
Shakespeare, Slips of the Tongue in. S. A. Tannenbaum 89
Shakespeare's Earnings. Warwick J. Price 808
Sherman, Frank D., Death of 268
Sienkiewicz, Henry K., Death of 449
"Spoon River" Once More. R. S. Loomis 14
Stevenson Memorial, The 406
Stevenson's Wife, A Biography of. Nellie Van de
Grift Sanchez 808
"Stratford Journal," The New 406
Verhaeren, Emile, Death of 641
Verse—Free or Confined? //. E. Warnir 672
Vers Libre, In Defense of. Amy Lowell 183
Wendell, Barrett, Election of, to the American Academy
of Arts and Letters 485
World of To-Morrow, The. Erving Winslow 256
Wright, Mary Plummer, Death of 274


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