liphant, Otway, and Overbury, to say nothing of which complete the three kinds of folk-tales found the long line of Owens at the end. »» « Vol- Louisiana 1895.] 277 THE DIAL parts of the book, besides some- it is uncertain how many—at the end. Thus the beginning and the end of the poem are both wanting; and the object of my de- scription is partly to direct attention to the title and form of the book, in order that a perfect copy may be found, if it anywhere exists. Probably not much is lost at the end, for the poem seems to be nearing its con- clusion when the MS. breaks off.” The work was un- earthed in the Cambridge University Library. LITERARY NOTES. “ En Marche" is the title of the novel upon which M. Bourget is said to be now engaged. More than eleven thousand dollars have already been subscribed toward the proposed Parkman memorial. The Turnbull lectures on poetry for 1896 will be given by Dr. George A. Smith, of Glasgow, with “ He- brew Poetry” for his subject. A posthumous volume of poems by Leconte de Lisle is announced, to contain the suppressed « Passion” and “ Apollonide," and some fifteen hundred hitherto un- published verses. The annual meeting of the Walt Whitman Fellow- ship is set for May 31, at Philadelphia. There will be speeches and a dinner. All interested in Whitman are invited by the secretary, Mr. H. L. Traubel. We learn from “The Bookman” that Professor C. G. D. Roberts has resigned his post at Windsor, N. S., and intends to make his home in the United States. We can assure him of a hearty welcome from our lit- erary folk. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. May, 1895 (First List). Arid America, The Conquest of. W. E. Smythe. Century. Art in Australia. May L. Manning. Mag. of Art. Artists, American, in Paris. R. H. Sherard. Mag. of Art. Birds, Our Native. W. Warren Brown. Lippincott. Carpet-Bag Régime, Downfall of the Scribner. Church Fonts. C. F. Yonge. Magazine of Art. Co-education, American. Mme. Blanc. McClure, Davis, Richard Harding. Atlantic. Drama, The German. Sidney Whitman. Chautauquan. Eastern Pictures and Problems. Dial. Fashions, Nineteenth Century. Alice M. Earle. Chautauquan. Fiction, Recent. William Morton Payne. Dial. Golf. Henry E. Howland. Scribner. Ibsen Legend, The Dial. Journalism. Charles A. Dana. McClure. Latin Poetry, Prof. Tyrrell on. W. H. Johnson. Dial. Lincoln's Career, The Close of. Noah Brooks. Century. Liver, Story of the. Andrew Wilson. Harper. Mars, The Atmosphere of. Percival Lowell. Atlantic. Men's Work Among Women. Brockholst Morgan. Harper. Menu of Mankind, The. C. D. Wilson. Lippincott. Military Engineering, Recent Progress in. Chautauquan. Mississippi. Julian Ralph. Harper. Municipal Government in England. Ed. Porritt. Chautauquan. Museum of the Prado, The. Royal Cortissoz. Harper. Posters and Book-Covers, French. A. Alexandre. Scribner. Presidents, Lives of the. C. W. French. Dial. Universe, Dimensions of the. G. P. Serviss. Chautauquan. Rubinstein. Alexander McArthur. Century. Rush, Dr., and George Washington. P. L. Ford. Atlantic. Tammany. E. J. Edwards. McClure. Taylor, General Zachary. A. D. St. John. Chautauquan. Tenniel, Sir John. M. H. Spielmann. Magazine of Art. Tissandier, Gaston. R. H. Sherard. McClure. Mr. W. I. Fletcher will superintend a five weeks' summer school of library economy at Amherst this year, beginning July 1. The class will be conducted as one of beginners, and the course offered will afford an ex- cellent basis for professional training, although it can hardly be expected to transform the raw student at once into an accomplished librarian. Mr. Cutter's “Rules for Cataloguing” will be the chief text-book used. The Stevenson manuscripts, now in possession of Mr. Charles Baxter, who is negotiating for their publication, include the following: “Vailima Letters," a sort of diary inscribed to Mr. Sidney Colvin; “St. Ives," a romance within two chapters of completion; a 50,000- word fragment, complete in itself, of "Weir of Hermis- ton”; “ The Great North Road," a tale in about 15,000 words; a small volume of “ Fables"; and a series of letters to children on history. Mr. Colvin, by the way, will be Stevenson's biographer. The Woman's Club of Chicago seized the occasion of Shakespeare's birthday to offer a reception to the « lit- erary fraternity” of the city and vicinity. A number of brief addresses were made, those of Mr. H. W. Ma- bie and Mrs. Lindon Bates being noticeable for both sub- stance and point, and the affair as a whole was very en- joyable. Others present included Mr. Henry B. Fuller, General 0. O. Howard, Miss Eliza Allen Starr, Miss Harriet Monroe, Miss Blanche Fearing, Miss Lilian Bell, and Mrs. Mary Hartwell Catherwood. Art other than the literary was well represented by M. Raffaelli and Miss Harriet Hosmer, both of whom were among the speakers. A literary trouvaille of extraordinary interest is re- ported by Mr. G. C. Macaulay in the last “ Academy" to reach us. It is nothing less than a manuscript poem of the fourteenth century which is believed to be the “ Speculum Meditantis ” of Gower - the lost French poem. The work is thus described: “It proves to be a poem of about 29,000 octosyllabic lines, in stanzas of twelve lines each, which rhyme a aba a bbb abba. The MS., which appears to be of the fourteenth cen- tury, has at present 152 leaves, including one that is glued down to the binding at the beginning. After this first leaf, on which we have the title . Mirour de lomme' and a table of the ten parts of the poem, four leaves have been cut out, and seven more are missing in other LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 60 titles, includes books re- ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.] GENERAL LITERATURE. The Life of the Spirit in the Modern English Poets. By Vida D. Scudder. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 349. Houghton, Mifilin & Co. $1.75. After-Dinner and Other Speeches. By John D. Long, 8vo, pp. 223. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Books Fatal to their Authors. By P. H. Ditchfield, M.A. 16mo, uncut, pp. 244. Armstrongs' “ Book-Lover's Li- brary.” $1.25. The Ways of Yale in the Consulship of Plancus. By Henry A. Beers. Illus., 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 245. Henry Holt & Co, 75 cts. Talmudic Sayings. Selected and arranged by the Rev. Henry Cohen. 12mo, pp. 94. Cincinnati : The Bloch Co. The House Beautiful. By William C. Gannett. 18mo, pp. 26. James H. West. 15 cts. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. The Life of Samuel J. Tilden. By John Bigelow, LL.D., author of “Life of Benjamin Franklin." In 2 vols., illus.g 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Harper & Bros. Boxed, $6. 278 [May 1, THE DIAL Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge.. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo, gilt tops, un- cut. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $6. Sir Samuel Baker: A Memoir. By T. Douglas Murray, F.R.G.S., and A. Silva White, Hon. F.R.S.G.S., author of “The Development of Africa.” Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 447. Macmillan & Co. $6. Prince Bismarck. By Charles Lowe, M.A., author of " Alexander III. of Russia." With portrait, 12mo, pp. 245. Roberts Bros. $1.25. Reminiscences. By Thomas M. Clark, D.D. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 226. Thomas Whittaker. $1.25. FICTION. A Soulless Singer. By Mary Catherine Lee. 16mo, pp. 272. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Eve's Ransom. By George Gissing, author of “ Denzil Quar- rier.” 16mo, pp. 379. D. Appleton & Co. $1. A Sawdust Doll. By Mrs. Reginald de Koven. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 237. Stone & Kimball's “ Peacock Li- brary." $1.25. A Little Sister to the Wilderness. By Lilian Bell, author of "The Love Affairs of an Old Maid." 16mo, gilt top, uncat, pp. 267. Stone & Kimball. $1.25. A Daughter of the Soil. By M. E. Francis. 12mo, pp. 301. Harper & Bros. $1.25. Tales of Mean Streets. By Arthur Morrison. 12mo, pp. 242. Roberts Bros. $1. Fromont Junior and Risler Senior. By Alphonse Daudet; trans. by Edward Vizetelly. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 399. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. Lisbeth Wilson, a Daughter of New Hampshire Hills. By Eliza Nelson Blair. 12mo, pp. 374. Lee & Shepard. $1,50. Trilby, the Fairy of Argyle. By Charles Nodier; trans., with introduction, by Nathan Haskell Dole. 12mó, pp. 80. Estes & Lauriat. $1. Neighbor Jackwood. By J. T. Trowbridge. Revised edi- tion, with a chapter of autobiography; with portrait, 12mo, pp. 459. Lee & Shepard. $1.50. The Jewel of Ynys Galon: Being a Hitherto Unprinted Chapter in the History of the Sea Rovers. By Owen Rhoscomyl. Illus., 12mo, pp. 329. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica. By John Kendrick Bangs. Illus. by H. W. McVickar; lomo, pp. 265. Harper & Bros. $1.25. In the Saddle. By Oliver Optic, author of "The Army and Navy Series." Illus., 12mo, pp. 451. Lee & Shepard. $1.50. The Mystery of Cloomber. By A. Conan Doyle, author of “Micah Clarke." 12mo, pp. 250. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1. The Grandee. By Armando Palacio Valdés ; trans, from the Spanish. 12mo, pp. 286. New York: George G. Peck. $1. Jim of Hellas, or, In Durance Vile; and Bethesda Po By Laura E. Richards. 12mo, pp. 72. Estes & Lauriat. 50 cts. A Quaint Spinster. By Frances E. Russell. 16mo, pp. 119. Roberts Bros. 60 cts. The New Minister. By Kenneth Paul. 12mo, pp. 342. A. S. Barnes & Co. 50 cts. The Body-Snatcher. By Robert Louis Stevenson. Illus., 24mo, pp. 61. The Merriam Co. 40 cts. The Silence of the Maharajah. By Marie Corelli. Illus., 24mo, pp. 74. The Merriam Co. 40 cts. NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Macmillan's Novelists' Library : Marcella, by Mrs. Hum- phry Ward ; 12mo, pp. 548, 50 cts. Appletons' Town and Country Library: An Arranged Marriage, by Dorothea Gerard ; 16mo, pp. 306, 50 cts. U.S. Book Co.'s Windermere Series: Catmur's Cave, by Richard Dowling; pp. 264.- Appledore Farm, by Kath- arine S. MacQuoid, pp. 361. Each, 16mo, 50 cts. Lovell, Coryell's Belmore Series: The Tower of Taddeo, by "Ouida”; 16mo, pp. 313, 50 cts. U. S. Book Co.'s Belgravia Series: Mr. Witt's Widow, by Anthony Hope ; 16mo, pp. 243, 50 cts. U.S. Book Co.'s Lakewood Series: For the Sake of the Family, by May Crommelin; 16mo, pp. 314, 50 cts. Rand, McNally's Globe Library: A Country Sweetheart, by Dora Russell ; 12mo, pp. 398, 50 cts. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Actual Africa; or, The Coming Continent: A Tour of Ex- ploration. By Frank Vincent, author of "The Land of the White Elephant." Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 541. D. Appleton & Co. $5. Outre-Mer: Impressions of America. By Paul Bourget. 12mo, uncut, pp. 425. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75. Russian Rambles. By Isabel F. Hapgood, author of "The Epic Songs of Russia." 12mo, uncut, pp. 369. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50. Churches and Castles of Medieval France. By Walter Cranston Larned. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 236. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Among the Northern Hills. By W. C. Prime, LL.D., au- thor of “ Along New England Roads." 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 209. Harper & Bros. $1. Literary Landmarks of Jerusalem. By Laurence Hut- ton, author of "Literary Landmarks of London.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 74. Harper & Bros. 75 cts. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. The Messiah of the Apostles. By Charles Augustus Briggs, D.D., author of "The Messiah of the Gospels.' Svo, pp. 562. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $3. Outlines of Social Theology. By William DeWitt Hyde, D.D. 12mo, pp. 260., Macmillan & Co. $1.50. Make Way for the King. By Flavius J. Brobst. 12mo, pp. 248. Lee & Shepard. $1.25. The Madonna of St. Luke: The Story of a Portrait. By Henrietta Irving Bolton. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, pp. 127. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. God's Light as It Came to Me, 16mo, pp. 128. Roberts Bros. $1. Civic Christianity: By William Prall, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 209. Thomas Whittaker. $1. The Breath of God: A Sketch of the Doctrine of Inspira- tion. By the Rev. Frank Hallam. 12mo, pp. 103. Thomas Whittaker. 75 cts. Monasticism : Its Ideals and its History. By Adolf Har- nack, D.D.; trans. by Rev. Charles R. Gillett, A.M. 12mo, pp. 87. New York : Christian Literature Co. 50 cts. SCIENCE AND NATURE. How to Know the Wild Flowers: A Guide to their Names, Haunts, and Habits. By Mrs. William Starr Dana. Revised and enlarged edition ; illus., 12mo, pp. 373. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75. The Helpful Science. By St. George Mivart, F.R.S. 12mo, pp. 178. Harper & Bros. $1.25. Phallicism in Japan: A Dissertation. By Edmund Buck- ley. 8vo, pp. 34. Univ. of Chicago Press. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES. Evolution and Effort, and their Relation to Religion and Politics. By Edmond Kelly, M.A. 12mo, gilt top, un- cut, pp. 297. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25. The Evolution of Industry. By Henry Dyer, C.E. 12mo, uncut, pp. 307. Macmillan & Co. $1.50. How the Republic Is Governed. By Noah Brooks. 18mo, pp. 169. Chas. Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. THE BOOK SHOP, CHICAGO. SCARCE BOOKS. BACK-NUMBER MAGAZINES. For any book on any sub- ject write to The Book Shop. Catalogues free. HOW DO YOU SPELL ? THE PROOFSHEET FOR MAY will give, in parallel columns, the differences in spelling between the four great American Dictionaries — the Standard, the Century, the In- ternational, and Worcester's. By means of this list one can conform, in his spelling, to any desired standard, even if it is not the one with which he is most familiar, THE PROOFSHEET contains a variety of interesting matter for Proofreaders, Printers, Authors, Editors, and all Literary Workers. It is the only publication of its kind in the world, and fills a place pe- culiarly its own. Published Monthly at One Dollar per year. Single Copy, Ten Cents. THE BEN FRANKLIN COMPANY, No. 232 Irving Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL. 1895.] 279 THE DIAL Fifteen Years of THE DIAL. MAY 1, 1880 MAY 1, 1895. ITH the present number, The Dial begins its sixteenth year. The significant features of its career may be comprehended in the statement that in these fifteen years there has been no essential change in the form, aims, or character of the journal, beyond increased frequency of issue and a steady expansion along lines originally contemplated; and that it continues with the same management under which it was founded. A further statement of what it has achieved may best be given in the words of others. FIFTEEN APPRECIATIONS OF THE DIAL. “ Admirable in typography and make-up, schol “ THE DIAL is a true review. It has kept the arly and dignified in tone, free from the petty per even tenor of its way, each succeeding year indicat- sonalities which disfigure the pages of most • literary' ing widened vista, and every page sober, candid, journals of to-day, and the literary columns of most and as a rule singularly just." — THE HERALD, of our newspapers, and marked by the highest qual Chicago. ities of criticism -- discernment, catholicity, and "I have always admired the superb editorial care good taste—THE DIAL is easily and in every sense which THE DIAL exhibits."— WILLIAM T. HARRIS, the best literary journal published in this country." U. S. Commissioner of Education. -W. I. FLETCHER, Amherst College, March, 1895. “THE DIAL is the journal de luxe among Amer- Chicago possesses “a critical paper equal in ability ican literary periodicals.” — THE ARGONAUT, San to anything we have in this country." WALTER Francisco. BESANT, London, March, 1895. “ THE DIAL has been well conducted from the “ THE DIAL is the best and ablest literary paper start, with a serious purpose, and with much learned in the country.”—John G. WHITTIER, Aug. 19, and intelligent collaboration, and we have had fre- 1892. quent occasion to praise it and to wish it a long " THE DIAL I think is by far the best of our lit | life.” THE NATION, New York. erary journals. It stands up against provinciality, “I have the greatest admiration for THE DIAL yet is not servile to foreign critics. It holds to the and its work.”—Rev. Dr. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, old, while not turning its back on the new. It is Boston. sane and honest, and while sympathetic has nothing “THE DIAL is easily the first among the journals of the gush that we sometimes find.” — W. P. in this country devoted to literary criticism. As a TRENT, University of the South. journal for the teacher who would keep in touch THE DIAL is the best publication of its kind in with the best thought of the day, it is indispensa- this country." --JOHN BURROUGHS, New York. ble.”—JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGY, New York. “ THE DIAL is the foremost critical journal in “ THE DIAL seems to me to preserve a higher the country, and fully and worthily represents the critical standard, as regards literature, than any profession of letters and the interest of cultivated other American journal with which I happen to be readers.”—EVENING JOURNAL, Chicago. acquainted." - EDMUND W. Gosse, London, En- “ THE DIAL's look and bearing are refinement gland. itself. Seriousness, fearless care, and a right in “THE DIAL is in my opinion the best critical stinct in letters, help to make it the best review we journal in this country.”. HJALMAR HJORTH have.”-- THE INDEPENDENT, New York. BOYESEN, New York. Published on the ist and 16th of each month. $2. a year, in advance. Chicago, No. 315 Wabasb Avenue. 280 [May 1, 1895. THE DIAL J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY HAVE JUST PUBLISHED THE BOSTON FOREIGN BOOK-STORE. A complete stock of French, German, Italian, and Spanish standard works. New books received as soon as issued. Large assortment of text-books in foreign languages. Com- plete catalogues mailed free on demand. CARL SCHOENHOF, (F. H. CASTOR & CO., Successors ), Importers of Foreign Books, 23 SCHOOL STREET BOSTON, MASS. Science. Also Government Publications. Dr Send for our latest Catalogue. ALBERT S. GATSCHET. 2020 Fifteenth St., Northwest, WASHINGTON, D. C. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Volume X. of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare's Plays. Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS, Ph.D., LL.D., L.H.D. In one handsome octavo volume of 350 pages. Cloth, $4.00. The publishers take great pleasure in announcing a new volume of the Variorum Edition of Shakespeare's Plays. This edition, edited by the ablest living Shakespearian scholar, has been received everywhere with the greatest possible favor, and has been considered by all critics as the most exhaustive work on Shakespeare's plays. For the study of the play Mr. Furness's edition is as invaluable as it is indispensable, and is without question the most complete in existence, as the editor has naturally taken advantage of the labors of all former Shakespearian scholars, English, French, and German. The text of the First Folio, the Editio Princeps, has been again adopted in the present play, being reproduced from the editor's copy with every exactitude. Time has but confirmed Mr. Furness in his conviction that this is the text which a student needs constantly before him ; and in a majority of the plays it is the freshest from Shakespeare's own hand. The various readings of all the early editions are noted line by line, while the notes are a choice selection from all the com- mentators. FRENCH BOOKS. Readers of French desiring good literature will take pleas- ure in reading our ROMANS CHOISIS SERIES, 60 cts. per vol. in paper and 85 cts. in cloth ; and CONTES CHOISIS SERIES, 25 cts. per vol. Each a masterpiece and by a well- known author. List sent on application. Also complete cat- alogue of all French and other Foreign books when desired. WILLIAM R. JENKINS, Nos. 851 and 853 Sixth Ave. (48th St.), NEW YORK. HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY. By Mrs. M. J. LAMB (late editor “ Magazine of American History”). 2 vols. Royal 8vo, $16.00 net. " Without a rival."'- CHARLES A. PARKHURST. “In mechanical execution superb."— R. S. STORRS. “Should be in every New York household."—WARD MCALLISTER. A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers, New York. OF INTEREST TO AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS: The skilled revision and correction of novels, biographies, short stories, plays, histories, monographs, poems; letters of unbiased criticism and advice; the compilation and editing of standard works. Send your MS. to the N. Y. Bureau of Revision, the only thoroughly-equipped literary bureau in the country. Established 1880 : unique in position and suc- cess. Terms by agreement. Circulars. Address Dr. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. EDUCATIONAL. The New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. Edited by HORACE HOWARD FURNESS, Ph.D., LL.D., L.H.D. Royal octavo volumes. Extra cloth, uncut edges, gilt top, $4.00. The ten volumes already issued bound in half-morocco, gilt top, $50.00. Sold only in sets. A Midsummer Night's Dream. The Tempest. King Lear. As You Like It. Hamlet (2 vols.). The Merchant of Venice. Macbeth. Othello. Romeo and Juliet. “In conclusion I desire to thank the many friends who have assisted me in the work, and without whose help my difficulties would have been greatly increased. I would espe- cially record my obligations above all to my constant friend, Dr. Horace Howard Furness of Philadelphia, whose monu- mental volumes are the admiration of every true student of Shakespeare." WILLIAM ALDIS WRIGHT, Editor of Cam- bridge Edition. "Horace Howard Furness is probably the most thorough Shakespearian student who has ever lived, and this work is a monument of learning, of patient research, and of intelligent application such as has rarely been produced in the world of literature."--Boston Courier. “America has the honor of having produced the very best and most complete edition, so far as it has gone, of our great national poet. For text, illustration, commentary, and criti- cism it leaves nothing to be desired.”—Blackwood's Edin- burgh Magazine. “We do not hesitate to say that Horace Howard Furness's Variorum Edition is one of the most notable contributions to Shakespeare literature in the present century."- Manchester (England) Guardian. MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, New York City. No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. SARAH H. EMERSON, Prin- cipal. Reopened October 4. A few boarding pupils taken. YOUNG LADIES: SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894. Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, Charlottesville, Va. The Board of Visitors of this University will proceed at their next annual meeting (10—12 June, 1895) to the election of a Professor of Modern Languages. For further particulars, address WILLIAM M. THORNTON, LL.D., Chairman of the Faculty. Sold by all Booksellers. (Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA. UNIVERSITY EXTENSION. SUMMER MEETING. Philadelphia, July 1 - 26. Six Departments : A. Literature and History (Greek Year). B. Psychology, C. Music. D. Biology. E. Civics and Politics. F. Mathematics. Courses by Henry Carter Adams, Martin L. D'Ooge, Ed- ward Everett Hale, John M. Macfarlane, Richard G. Moulton, Albert Shaw, Woodrow Wilson, and thirty additional lectur- ers. For full information address EDWARD T. DEVINE, Director, 111 So. 15th St., Phila., Pa. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. 051 054 V.18 STATE no. 214 MSYLVAR May 16, 1895 Library UNIVERSITY THE DIAL THE A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Viscussion, and Information. ERANENS TE BROWNE. { | Volume XVIII. No. 214. CHICAGO, MAY 16, 1895. 10 cts. a copy. 82. a year. 315 WABASH AVE. Opposite Auditorium. Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books MY EARLY TRAVELS AND ADVENTURES. With Portraits. In America and Asia. By HENRY M. STANLEY. Mr. Stanley's new work relates his experiences and adventures during his brilliant career as a news- 2 vols. 12mo, $3.00. paper correspondent from 1866 to 1870. Painting in vivid, yet truthful colors, the stirring scenes of pioneer, Indian, military, and mining life on the plains and in the mountains of the far West; describing with power and picturesqueness the opening of the Suez Canal, a voyage up the Nile, and the explorations in Palestine, and narrating, with a sympathetic appreciation of Oriental lífe, the incidents and scenes of a journey to the Caspian Sea and through Persia--the work has an abiding historical and pictorial interest. Its autobiographic value is equally remarkable. OUTRE MER. Impressions of America. By Paul BOURGET. Translated from the French.. 12mo, $1.75. “Go with him through the United States in this volume, and you will feel better acquainted with your own country. He is a close observer, a good worker, has great descriptive talent; add to this a graceful style, a vein of wit, a sparkle of satire." — Philadelphia Bulletin. “ A book which will hold its own for many years. It is not like Prof. Bryce's book, a study, it is frankly an impression. One is impressed by the scrupulous fairness with which he has recorded his im- pressions."- New York Commercial Advertiser. THE PEOPLES AND POLITICS OF THE FAR EAST. With 60 Illustrations Travels and Studies in the British, French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies, Siberia, China, and 4 Maps. Japan, Korea, Siam, and Malaya. By HENRY NORMAN, author of "The Real Japan." 8vo, $4.00. “Vivid in description, shrewd in observation, painstaking in investigation, pleasant in tone and temper, and full of lively impressions of travel. The whole volume is thoroughly readable, and constitutes a valu- able and timely contribution to the study of contemporary life and politics in the East."- London Times. HOW TO KNOW THE WILD FLOWERS. By Mrs. WILLIAM STARR DANA. New edition, revised and enlarged. With 152 Illustrations The new edition of Mrs. Dana's popular book, which is printed from new plates throughout, contains fifty-two new illustrations ; also including in the text descriptions of about fifty additional flowers, while by Marion Satterlee. many of the old descriptions have been rewritten or amplified-thus greatly increasing the value and use- fulness of the book. 12mo, $1.75 net. “I am delighted with it. . . . It is so exactly the kind of book needed for outdoor folks who live in the country, but know little of systematic botany, that it is a wonder no one has written it before."- Hon. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. By the Same Author. ACCORDING TO SEASON. Talks about the Flowers in the order of their Appearance in the Woods and the Fields. 16mo, 75 cents. ENGLISH SEAMEN IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 8vo, $1.75. By JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE. “No English historian knew more about the age of Elizabeth than Froude, and no historian has written more delightfully about it. 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It is the record of the impressions of the great monuments of France made Crown 8vo, $1.50. upon a traveller of rare and cultivated taste. The fidelity with which Mr. Larned sought out the histor- ical associations of these monuments deserves special mention. So well is this part of the work done that the book is well worth reading for its history alone."-Chicago Inter Ocean. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153 - 157 Fifth Ave., New York. 282 [May 16, THE DIAL Every School Library Should Include: THOMAS NELSON & SONS' Interesting Books for Educators. THE ARIEL SHAKESPEARE. Each play is in a separate volume, 342 x 5 inches, and about a half inch in thickness, printed from a new font of brevier type. The text is complete and unabridged and conforms to the latest scholarly editions. As illustrations, the charm- ing designs by Frank Howard (first published in 1833), five hundred in all, have been effectively reproduced. 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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the the death of Gustav Freytag, at Wiesbaden, current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and where he bad lived in retirement since 1879. for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application ; and BAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES Furnished Freytag has been, on the whole, the most con- on application. All communications should be addressed to spicuous figure in the German literature of the THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. half-century now nearly ended, and of his con- temporaries among belletristic prose - writers, No. 214. MAY 16, 1895. Vol. XVIII. not more than half a dozen Reuter, Auer- bach, and Scheffel among the dead, Herren Spielhagen, Heyse, and Dahn among the living CONTENTS. -can claim a rank comparable with his. The life-work upon which his reputation rests was GUSTAV FREYTAG . 287 practically done during the quarter-century be- DR. LOW'S GIFT TO COLUMBIA . 289 tween 1855 and 1880, and of late years, al- though not wholly inactive, he has appeared a COMMUNICATIONS 289 figure of the past rather than of the present. The Missionary Question in China. William Harper. But his death seems none the less a shock, and Browning's Optimism, So-Called. W. N. G. his loss will be deeply mourned by the country of which he so honored the literature, and BIGELOW'S LIFE OF TILDEN. E. G. J.. 291 which stands to-day in greater need than ever STUDIES OF GREAT UNIVERSITIES. B. A. of the social ideals inculcated by his works. Hinsdale. 294 Freytag was born at Kreuzberg, in Silesia, Paulsen's The German Universities. Hill's Har July 13, 1816, thus living nearly to complete vard College, by an Oxonian. – Four American Uni- his seventy-ninth year. The son of a physician, versities. he received his gymnasial training at Oels, THE REVIVAL OF THE ELIZABETHANS. and continued his studies at the Universities Frederick Ives Carpenter 297 of Breslau and Berlin. Teutonic philology was Schelling's A Book of Elizabethan Lyrics. -- Rhys's his special subject, and his thesis for the doc- The Lyric Poems of Edmund Spenser. - Grosart's torate, offered in 1838, was entitled “De Ini- The Poet of Poets. --Grosart's Green Pastures. - Ward's The Poems of William Drummond. tiis Scenicæ Poeseos apud Germanos." The years 1839 - 1846 were spent at Breslau as a THE ART CRITICISM OF ARISTOTLE. Edward privat-docent. In 1847 he married a lady of E. Hale, Jr. rank and wealth, removed to Dresden, and SOME APPRECIATIONS OF SIDNEY LANIER. shortly thereafter to Leipzig, where he engaged W. M. Baskervill . 299 in the editorial conduct of " Die Grenzboten." His connection with this periodical was main- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 301 A book to delight the angler. – Essays on Scandina- tained with an intermission from 1861 to vian literature.- More of the gaieties of nations.-A 1867) until 1870. He had meanwhile (1867) primer of American literature. - The life and corre become a liberal member of the Nord-Deutscher spondence of Rufus King. - The Arthur legend and Reichstag. When the war of 1870 came, he Tennyson's treatment of it.— A handbook of library joined the staff of the Crown Prince, and re- management. - Studies of nature and humble life in England. mained in the service up to Sedan. In that year also he became associated with the new BRIEFER MENTION · weekly paper “ Im Deutschen Reich.” The LITERARY NOTES 304 loss of his wife in 1873, a subsequent marriage followed by a second bereavement, and his re- TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 305 moval to Wiesbaden, constitute the remaining LIST OF NEW BOOKS 306 facts of external interest in his life. 298 . . 303 . 288 [May 16, THE DIAL one Freytag's literary activity began during his always occupy a high rank among the best pro- years as a docent at Breslau, with a volume ducts of German fiction. The story is that of of lyrical poems, and four dramas — “ Die a university professor, a large part of whose Brautfahrt, "Der Gelehrte," “Die Valen- · Die Valen- life is spent in the search for a manuscript of tine,” and. "Graf Waldemar.” Two other Tacitus, which he has reason to believe is still dramas, “ Die Journalisten " (1854) and “ Die extant. His fate may be compared to that of Fabier" (1859), complete the list of his writ Saul the son of Kish, for, while the manuscript ings for the stage, although in his “ Technik eludes his pursuit, he finds instead, and wins des Dramas,” published many years later, he for his wife, a very charming woman. The was to do dramatic art an even greater service book abounds in admirable passages descrip- than that of producing so acceptable and health tive of life in a university town and at the ful a stage-play as “ Die Journalisten.” This court of a petty German prince. The author discussion of the principles of dramatic art, does not gild the commonplace as successfully the recent English translation of which was re as in “Soll und Haben,” and his attempt to viewed in The Dial for February 1 of the pres be humorous must be reckoned a distinct fail. ent year, is of the most valuable of modern ure. On the other hand, the work abounds in contributions to the subject with which it deals, fine, even eloquent, passages, among which the and has the added weight of coming from a occasional characterizations of Tacitus are the highly successful writer of plays. most impressive. These, however, are the work Freytag's greatest work, the novel “ Soll und rather of the essayist and historian than of the Haben,” well known to English readers as novelist, and our enjoyment of them has little “ Debit and Credit," appeared in 1855, and at to do with our interest in the story. The un- once won for its writer the most cordial recog- derlying purpose of “Die Verlorne Hand- nition from all discerning critics, although there schrift" is the exaltation of the scholar's life, were not lacking those who saw in the work at the expense of more popular ideals, just as the apotheosis of philistinism. Deliberately put- the purpose of “Soll und Haben ” is the glori- ting aside the romantic ideals of contemporary fication if we may use so strong a word-of German novelists, the author of “Soll und the even less romantic life of the honest mer- Haben ” made of the merchant type the centre chant. These two ideals, surely among the of interest, and the world of commerce that in worthiest that can be urged, were and are pecu- which the scenes were laid. Realism of the liarly needed in Germany, where the unworthy good honest sort dominates this work, which ideals of militarism and the aristocracy are depicts with unsurpassed fidelity the manners still opposed to them, and still have a stronger of a provincial town. Romantic elements, such hold upon the nation than in most other civil- as the episode of the Polish insurrection, are ized countries. not lacking, but they are strictly subordinated The books thus far enumerated, together to the controlling idea of the novel, which is with the series of “ Bilder aus der Deutchen that of rehabilitating in the eyes of the novel Vergangenheit” (1859-62) and the biography reader those types of character which he is too of his friend Karl Mathy (1870), complete the apt to set lightly aside as prosaic, although list of Freytag's works up to the period of the they form the bone and sinew of every modern War of 1870. The outcome of that conflict, nation well advanced in the ways of civiliza so important to every German in its political tion. That commercial integrity is as fine a significance, must be reckoned among the in- thing as military glory, that the virtues of so fluences that shaped the literary activity of the briety, patience, perseverance, devotion to the novelist's remaining years. The most ambi- task at hand, and the performance of the hum tious of all his undertakings is that of which blest duties just because they are duties, are the execution was begun soon after 1870, and among the worthiest objects of endeavor—these which has represented the greater part of his are the lessons of the work, not too obtrusively literary activity since that date. It was during inculcated, but everywhere underlying its struc the course of the War that the plan of “ Die ture. So genuine a piece of fiction is not often Ahnen " suggested itself to his mind, and the met with, or one that will so well bear scrutiny. first person to whom the project was confided “ Die Verlorne Handschrift," published in was the Crown Prince. The scope of the pro- 1864, following the first novel at an inter-posed work was thus defined in the dedication : val of nearly ten years, is less obviously a mas - This work is to contain a series of freely in. terpiece than “Soll und Haben,” yet it must vented tales, in which are related the destinies 1895.] 289 THE DIAL of one family. It begins with ancestors of an made five years ago, and issued by the Open early time, and shall (if the author retain his Court Publishing Company. “ An efficient hu- vigor and his interest in the work) be gradu man life does not end upon earth with death ; ally brought down to the latest descendant, ait persists in the disposition and acts of friends, hearty fellow who is now going about under the as well as in the thoughts and activities of the light of the German sun, without concerning nation.” This sense of the ideal continuity of himself very much about the deeds or trials of soul-life is perhaps the main underlying motive his forefathers. The book aims to contain po of the best part of Freytag's work; a work, etic fiction,—and by no means a “history of let us add, that everywhere appeals to the deep- culture.'" With these introductory words may est and best instincts of our nature. be placed the other words appended to the last volume of the series : “ The author of "Die Ahnen’ will be gratified if the reader will con- DR. LOW'S GIFT TO COLUMBIA. sider the work as a symphony, in whose eight parts a melodic theme is varied, carried out, President Low's magnificent gift of a million and interwoven with others, in such a manner dollars, to be devoted to a library building for Co- that all the parts, taken together, form a unit.” lumbia College, is a signal illustration of what is The eight sections of “Die Ahnen” " were sometimes called the “new philanthropy.” The published in six volumes, between 1872 and donor wishes the library to stand as a memorial of his father, the late Abiel Abbott Low, “a merchant 1880. The first volume, “ Ingo und Ingraban,' who taught his son to value the things for which contains two episodes, both placed in Thuringia, Columbia College stands.” The announcement of and dealing respectively with the fourth and this gift was accompanied by that of a gift from the eighth centuries, with the Germanic strug- Mr. W. C. Schermerhorn, of three hundred thou- gle against Roman domination and the later sand dollars, for the construction of another depart- struggle of the Franks against the encroaching ment building, the giver suggesting his preference Slavs. “ Das Nest der Zaunkönige" (1874) for a scientific laboratory of some sort. Since Presi- deals with the eleventh century and the reës- dent Low's inauguration, five years ago, Columbia tablishment of the imperial power by Henry II. has been made the recipient of gifts amounting al- “ Die Brüder vom Deutschen Hause ” (1875) ord hardly outdone by the new University of Chi- together to more than five millions of dollars, a rec- brings us to the thirteenth century, to the cru- cago. It is, in our opinion, peculiarly fitting that sades, chivalry, and Frederick II. 6 Marcus the central building of a great university should be König” (1876) is concerned with the period the library, rather than the laboratory or the lec- of the Reformation. “ Die Geschwister ture hall. The library typifies historical and hu- (1878) consists of two parts, “ Der Rittmeis manistic culture, and for this the university should ter von Alt-Rosen,” placed just after the Thirty stand more distinctly than for anything else, al- Years' War, and “ Der Foldcorporal bei Mark. though by no means narrowly or exclusively. A graf-Albrecht,” placed in the times of Freder. library building, with an adequate fund for its en- ick William I. of Prussia. " Aus einer Kleinen dowment, is the best of all possible gifts to a great Stadt ” (1880) brings us down to the Napol- thanked for the wisdom of his choice no less heart- institution of learning, and President Low is to be eonic invasion and the German national upris- ily than for his munificence. ing of 1813. To this tale is added a “Schluss," in which the latest descendant of Ingo becomes a liberal editor and political idealist of our own times. For a fuller account of the work, we COMMUNICATIONS. may refer to Professor James T. Hatfield's THE “MISSIONARY QUESTION” IN CHINA. school edition of “ Der Rittmeister," to which (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) we are indebted for some of the facts above It was with regret that I noted some of the positions mentioned. German fiction has few works equal taken in the article on “ Far Eastern Pictures and Prob- to “ Die Ahnen” in symmetry of plan and ex- lems," in THE DIAL of May 1; especially those relating cellence of execution, and no student of the to the “ Missionary Question.” These positions seem to me very superficial, and, indeed, self-evidently un- literature can afford to leave the series unread. sound; amounting to the assumption that Christianity The temper in which Freytag wrote, not only is not adapted to the Chinese, and therefore untrue. If “ Die Ahnen,” but his other books of fiction as evidence of such non-adaptation is to be found in China, well, may be illustrated by a “thought" which thought” which certainly none of it has been presented in the article in he contributed as a sort of motto to the English where Christianity (as it is commonly understood) is question. There are plenty of places in civilized lands translation of “Die Verlorne Handschrift” | making no appreciable progress; but it does not neces- > 290 [May 16, THE DIAL 97 sarily follow that this is the fault either of Christianity other data, and constantly reads back a meaning into or of those upon whom its claims are urged. The ser this life which without that other life it simply could vant who had “got that Jesus pidgin” for the revenue not have to any sane and conscientious observer of all there was in it may be numerously duplicated in every its facts. Schopenhauer limits himself to those, and American and English city. The position of the priest, therefore reports as he sees — regnant Evil ! In “La who is quoted against the possibility of the Christianiz Saisiaz” we have Browning speaking for himself. ing of China, is extremely inconsistent, and his own im “What to me is pain and pleasure: this is sure, the rest plied non-success is anything but conclusive. The mo- surmize." tives attributed to the suicides might with equal "I must say - or choke in silence -- 'How soever came my plausibility—for anything that appears in the narrative fate, —be imputed in Western instances. Sorrow did and joy did nowise - life well-weighed, prepon- “ Asia for the Asiatics,” far from being a reactionary derate.' principle, as the article seems to imply, appears to me By Necessity ordained thus? – I shall bear as best I can; to be a perfectly sound and wholesomne one. Surely the By a Cause all-good, all-wise, ll-potent? No, as I am a man!" only adequate and hopeful development of Japan, as of “Only grant a second life; I acquiesce any other nation, is a self-development. I trust that In this present life as failure, count misfortune's worst as- neither Mr. Norman nor his reviewer would have the saults Asiatics repeat the experiences of our American In Triumph, not defeat, assured that loss so much the more dians. exalts The reference to "tireless Russia," at the close of Gain about to be. the article, suggests the exploded notions regarding Worst were best, defeat were triumph, utter loss were utmost “the sleeping Leviathan of the Orient" mentioned at gain." the beginning. Russia is no stranger to some of the “So I hope — no more than hope, but hope — no less than conditions which have weakened China. hope." I know of no evidence that the “ Missionary Ques Of course it remains a matter of delicate and more tion” is a “vexed” one, except in the imagination of or less personal estimate how far this or that character those who wish it were so. WILLIAM HARPER. speaks for its creator. Alas, Browning, like Dr. Ibsen, Americus, Georgia, May 4, 1895. is dramatic ! But when we have before us such a plain confession as “ La Saisiaz” is anyone justified in making Our correspondent is mistaken in imputing to us out Browning a fool, as any man must be who prefers “ positions relating to the Missionary Question” a fool's paradise to the world of facts ? no more, advanced by Mr. Norman and the missionaries he surely, than another can be in calling Dr. Ibsen “icy," cites, and distinctly credited to them by Mr. Nor- "grim," "egotistical," " intolerably pessimistic," be- man's reviewer. We must also respectfully but cause he ventures to speak the truth of this moral chaos in which we, natural lovers of Kosmos, are imprisoned. firmly disclaim the view, unkindly charged to us by I would only, therefore, blame the writer of that excel- Mr. Harper, that Christianity is untrue because the lent plea for Dr. Ibsen's sanity (as against Professor Chinese don't like it. Our own limited experience Nordau's somewhat amusing wholesale disposal of al- of John Chinaman leads us to think rather better most all men of ability excepting his modest self) for of him than Mr. Norman does ; but we are not pre- a basty thrust at another much maligned man. Is it pared to go the length of setting up his opinions as well, in helping the public over an acute attack of a general standard of truth. As to the Chinese sui- · Ibsen-o-phobia,” to encourage the development of that cides, we doubt if Mr. Harper can find (even in other disease “ Browning-o-phobia"? (Let the hyphen- Georgia) a single “ Western instance" parallel to ated “o” in my two fantastic compounds represent the agonies of the poor demented public that is always try- the cases given by Mr. Norman; while that the ing to crucify on the charge of blasphemy its truth- Missionary Question is, as Mr. Norman thinks, a tellers and chief-lovers.) “ vexed "one seems pretty fairly inferable from Mr. Oh, that we would not rob Paul to pay Peter ! Harper's note.—EDR. DIAL.] There is all the difference in the world between an optimism that is the result of ignorance and inexperi- BROWNING’S OPTIMISM, SO-CALLED. an optimism that is not at all disagreeable in a (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) foot-ball champion or a robust school-graduate—and an Agreeing with the main argument of the article on optimism like St. Paul's and like Browning's, which dif- “ The Ibsen Legend” in your last issue, may I be al- fers from frank pessimism only in its superb assumption lowed to take issue with the writer on a side question ? of a yet unseen and incomprehensible hereafter and beyond: It is not necessary to follow a writer in his denials, which usually represent his limitations, because we On the earth the broken arch ; in the heavens the perfect round." heartily concur in his affirmations, which, if he be sin- cere, represent bis personal experience. Why should For Emerson, I am not prepared to speak. However, Browning be classed with Emerson as a builder of a I believe he can be classed with Browning as a “ Tran- royal summer-house in a fool's paradise ? Is Browning scendental Optimist,” i.e., as one who converts theoretical an optimist when he speaks for himself ? Indeed, the pessimism into practical optimism by means of an as- reverse seems to be true. So far as this earth-life is sumption a mere "surmize," as Browning calls it — concerned, he is quite as much a pessimist, as St. Paul that "Goodness, wisdom, power” are not "all bounded, and Schopenhauer. The difference between Browning each a human attribute”; that our present “ life, time and Schopenhauer in this respect would seem to be that with all their chances, changes," are “just probation- the first, incapable of accepting the witness of reason space.” W. N. G. confined to the data of terrestrial experience, imagines Cincinnati, Ohio, May 3, 1895. ence 1895.] 291 THE DIAL а The New Books. uating. In 1838 he entered the New York University Law School, and in 1841 opened an office in New York where he soon secured a BIGELOW'S LIFE OF TILDEN.* moderate practice. He had already made his We regret that while commending Dr. John début as a political writer and speaker; and by Bigelow's “Life of Samuel J. Tilden” as in as in 1844, when his warm friend and mentor Mr. many respects a satisfactory book, we cannot Van Buren was defeated by Mr. Polk in the wholly commend the temper in which it is Democratic National Convention, he was written. We allude more especially, as may recognized force in his party. In 1848 the be surmised, to the chapters relating to the dis- Democratic ranks were fatally split on the sla- puted election of 1876. It would, of course, very question ; and Mr. Tilden followed the have been difficult, and perhaps impossible, for Free Soil wing. The party schism, and the Dr. Bigelow, as a warm personal and political resulting election of General Taylor, the Whig friend of Mr. Tilden, to have reviewed this candidate, determined Mr. Tilden to avoid pol. question, on the merits of which honest and in- | itics and devote himself to his profession, in telligent men are still divided in accordance the pursuit of which he rapidly won fame and with their party proclivities, from any but the fortune. When, in 1856, the Republican party advocate's standpoint. But advocacy is not was formed to combat the extension of slavery, incompatible with sobriety of judgment and Mr. Tilden was pressed to join the organiza- language. Dr. Bigelow's plea would, to our tion ; but he declined, mainly for the reason thinking, be more effective were it more mods that he foresaw that a Republican triumph at erate in its claims and less sweeping in its the polls meant civil war. Strongly opposed to charges; and it is very probable that not the slavery as an institution, he nevertheless clung least conspicuous result of his well-nigh whole to the old temporizing policy, trusting that sale denunciation of the Republican leaders of time, the inherent superiority of free labor, and 1876 may be a revival of half-forgotten cam the changes to be wrought by the rapidly grow- paign slanders against Mr. Tilden. These ing immigration, would eventually uproot the strictures made, it should be added that Dr. evil. He accordingly voted against Mr. Fre- Bigelow's statement of the Democratic case is, mont in 1856, and Mr. Lincoln in 1860. Mr. in point of logic and evidence, an undeniably Tilden's apprehensions of a civil conflict were strong one—perhaps the strongest yet made; not generally shared in. A few days prior and it is the more to be regretted that its tone to the election of Mr. Lincoln, says Dr. Bige- tends rather to provoke recrimination than to low, “ he came into the editorial rooms of the invite discussion. Evening Post,' looking very haggard and pre- Mr. Tilden was born at New Lebanon, N. Y., occupied." February 9, 1814. His father, Elam Tilden, “ Intimate friends who chanced to be there at the a stanch Jeffersonian, an admirer of Jackson, time began to chaff him about the political situation. and a life-long friend of Van Buren, seems to Presently, as if suddenly filled with the spirit of prophecy, and in a tone of intense emotion, he exclaimed, have been in a way the political oracle of the I would not have the responsibility of William Cullen village. Young Tilden's political bent showed Bryant and John Bigelow for all the wealth in the sub- itself early. While other boys of his age were treasury. If you have your way, civil war will divide at tops and marbles, he was reading Jeffer- this country, and you will see blood running like water son's writings and taking an assertive (and un- in the streets of this city.' . . . Much as it would have grieved me, it would not have surprised me had I heard rebuked) part in the discussions of his elders. any time within ten days or ten hours that he was a Mr. W. C. Bryant used to tell, with much raving lunatic." humor, of a visit of the Tildens to his office, When, on the election of Mr. Lincoln, the and of the comical deference with which the storm broke, Mr. Tilden at once sided with father would refer to Samuel for his views, and the administration, - his coöperation being of the austere deliberation with which those qualified, however, by a difference of opinion views were unfolded. “He appeared," said on certain points, mainly as to the conduct of Mr. Bryant, “ but for his size and dress, rather the war and the methods of providing for its the eldest of the party.” Mr. Tilden's actual expenses. He was for no half-way measures. schooling was limited. He entered Yale Col- He entered Yale Col. In a conversation at the war-meeting at General lege in 1835, but ill-health prevented his grad-Dix's, in New York, he was heard to say that- * THE LIFE OF SAMUEL J. TILDEN. By John Bigelow. “ The prevailing estimate of the war impending was In two volumes, illustrated. New York: Harper & Brothers. entirely incorrect; that it could not be a small war; 292 [May 16, THE DIAL that, instead of seventy-five thousand men which had As Judge Blair phrased it," he seemed the been called out by the proclamation of April 15, five only arrow in the Democratic quiver.” He had hundred thousand at least ought to be enlisted - two shown himself beyond cavil an able and a con- hundred and fifty thousand for immediate service, and the rest to be put in camps of instruction; that it was sistent champion of reform ; and what the peo- idle to hope to get on, except at unnecessary sacrifice, ple then wanted was, first and foremost, a re- without the advantages of discipline and without pre- form administration at Washington. That they paration commensurate with the territorial proportions had at that period ample reason for demanding of the belligerents." it, will hardly be questioned. Mr. Tilden was Mr. Tilden opposed the Fiat-money policy nominated for the presidency at St. Louis, of Mr. Chase. What his own plan would have June 27, 1876 ; and it may be taken as a vir- been is outlined in his Governor's message of tual tribute to his character that the irreproach- 1875 : able Mr. Hayes had been chosen, over showier “ If the federal government had paid out treasury and perhaps abler aspirants, as the fittest man notes not made a legal tender, in its own transactions whenever it was convenient, and redeemed them by the to oppose him. proceeds of loans and taxes on their presentation at a Reviewing the election controversy of 1876, central point of commerce, and meanwhile had bor we note the following general points : A total rowed at the market rates for its bonds, secured by am- ple sinking funds, founded on taxation, and had supple- popular majority for Mr. Tilden (on his oppo- mented such loans by all necessary taxes, the sacrifice nents' showing) of 252,284 ; 184 undisputed would not have been half that required by the false electoral votes for Mr. Tilden, against 166 (al- system adopted, perhaps the cost of the war would not lowing him the one disputed vote in Oregon) have been half what it became." for Mr. Hayes — the former candidate thus About 1867, when he was sent to the State lacking one and the latter nineteen of a major- Constitutional Convention, Mr. Tilden again ity of the 369 electoral votes ; a disputed elec- became a looming factor in politics. By com tion in three States, South Carolina, Florida, bating in that body a nefarious scheme for en and Louisiana, aggregating just the nineteen larging the Erie Canal, he took the first step electoral votes needed by Mr. Hayes ; the dis- in the long battle for reform which is his best ordered condition of these three States, which title to distinction, and which an unsavory were still under " reconstructed ” governments member of his party is said to have styled a in touch with the administration and backed by policy of pandering to the respectable federal troops ; the establishment by the “ classes.” In 1870 he risked party disaster and constructed” governments of Returning Boards his own political ruin by leading an attack on charged each with the duty of examining the the Tweed Ring, holding that “ a million of peo vote of its State and throwing out the votes of ple were not to be given over to pillage to serve counties in which there was evidence of fraud any party expediency, or to advance any views and intimidation ; the actual throwing out by of State or National politics." To Mr. Tilden the Boards of counties enough to reduce Mr. more than any other individual was due the Tilden's admitted majority of the votes cast to a downfall of the Ring, and the resulting inter- minority; the consequent receipt at Washing- regnum of approximate judicial, legislative, ton of two sets of returns from each State, one and administrative honesty in the city of New set claiming for Mr. Tilden, the other for Mr. York. The victory over Tammany led to Mr. Hayes; the prospective deadlock, on counting Tilden's election to the Governorship in 1874; the votes, in Congress, owing to the fact that and his prompt declaration of war on the Canal the Senate was Republican and the House was Ring, a corrupt organization embracing about Democratic; the appointment of an Electoral an equal proportion of both parties, made it Commission of fifteen members five from painfully clear to the raptorial elements in the Senate, five from the House, and five from New York politics, not only that he proposed the Supreme Court — to canvass the returns to continue at all costs his “pandering” policy, and decide the issues ; and the ultimate hing- but that he meant to pursue the rogues of his ing of the entire question on the casting vote own party no less vigorously than those of the of the odd Commissioner, Judge Bradley, a opposition. The Canal Ring went down, as Republican, who, like his colleagues, voted in Tammany had gone down before it; and the down before it; and the accord with his party, and probably (Dr. Bige- tremendous ovation received by Mr. Tilden on low to the contrary notwithstanding) with his his subsequent tour through the “canal coun judgment and conscience. The fundamental ties” marked him as the inevitable candidate Democratic contention was that the Returning of his party at the ensuing presidential election. Boards were anomalous, illegal, and partisan re- 1895.] 293 THE DIAL bodies, and that their control of the elections asking for news from Florida, Louisiana, and was a virtual disfranchisement of the people : South Carolina. This query of the ill-starred the Republicans contended that, in the then Barnum was the spark that fired the train. It condition of the South, the Boards were neces operated, says Dr. Bigelow (who never minces sary to prevent force and fraud from carrying matters), “like an open basement window at the day. Touching the action of the Electoral night on a burglariously disposed passer-by.” Commission, a competent observer, Mr. Bryce, The possibilities of the situation-an admitted says: “The legal questions were so difficult, close vote in States notoriously disordered and and for the most part so novel, that it was pos controlled by “ reconstructed” governments, sible for a sound lawyer and honest man to Returning Boards, and the like quasi-Republi- take in each case either the view for which the can agencies—flashed at once on those present. Republicans or that for which the Democrats They were not slow to act. A fresh, and contended,”-in short that, as in the old quar mildly - jubilant, leader was prepared ; party rel, the color of the shield depended on the stand chiefs were consulted in hot haste ; urgent, but point of the observer. From this tamely ra. diplomatic, telegrams were sent before day- tional view of the case, Dr. Bigelow, convinced, '| break to the faithful in the pivotal States it would seem, of the total depravity of Repub- and the " and the " conspiracy” that shortly involved lican human nature, in effect utterly dissents. in its meshes two future presidents, “ leading He is not only certain that Mr. Tilden was national statesmen, cabinet ministers, and per- elected and that Mr. Hayes was, in the old sons occupying seats in the highest judicial Greek sense, a tyrant, but he has no manner tribunal,” was fairly under way. Of its pro- of doubt that the former was kept out of the gress and outcome the author gives a detailed, White House by a shameless conspiracy, in dramatic, and, in its way, forcible account. In volving the gravest political crimes, shared in every move of the Republicans he sees an effort, or connived at by almost every Republican not, as they claim, to secure, but to defeat, a leader of note from Mr. Hayes down to Mr. fair count; and the astonished reader is left to “ Bill” Chandler, and including Senators Sher- wonder how (on Dr. Bigelow's showing) all man and Chandler, Secretary Cameron, Stan- the virtue then extant in the country managed ley Mathews, General Garfield, Mr. Evarts, to get into one party, and all the vice into the General Lew. Wallace, General Noyes, and other. The foreign verdict is not unlikely to so on, all of whom President Hayes subse- be, arcades ambo. Dr. Bigelow rests his case quently “recognized” “ recognized ” — except, indeed, Mr. on Florida and Louisiana, where Mr. Tilden “ Bill” Chandler, who,“not receiving a prompt had indisputably a majority of the votes cast. reward for his services, turned upon the chromo He dwells on the gathering of the Republican President he had hung up in the White House clans in those States; on the massing of troops ; and practically acknowledged that Hayes on the free use of money ; on the promises of had never been elected President by the peo protection and recognition " sown broadcast ple.” We regret to add that Dr. Bigelow by by Republican “workers” — notably by ex- no means excludes the Supreme Court Com- Governor Noyes, “the alter ego of Mr. Hayes”; missioners from his indictment-even intimat on the throwing out of Democratic precinct ing that one of them (unnamed) was actually after precinct on the flimsiest of pretexts ; on “ for sale” at a stated sum of $200,000! As the wholesale perjury and subornation of per- the author seems to have no evidence worth jury, forgery, doctoring of returns, etc., in the mentioning of the truth of this amazing story, interests of Mr. Hayes; on the subsequent we cannot commend his judgment in print- “recognition " recognition ” by Mr. Hayes of men whose ing it. proper recognition would have been a term in Dr. Bigelow devotes about a hundred pages the penitentiary; and, on the whole, he draws to the story of the way in which (according to a picture too lurid to be true, and too partisan his view) Mr. Tilden was robbed of the presi- to be effective with dispassionate readers. Mr. dency. The plot, it seems, was hatched in the Tilden is often credited (as by Mr. Bryce) with • Times ” office (Republican), on the night of inducing his friends to agree to the compromise Nov. 7, when enough returns had come in to expedient of the Electoral Commission, and convince those present of Mr. Hayes's defeat. thus sacrificing his ambition on the altar of A leader virtually to that effect was on the press. peace and the common welfare. Dr. Bigelow At this juncture a note came from Chairman shows that this is an error. Mr. Tilden was Barnum of the Democratic National Committee not apprised of the scheme till his party were 294 (May 16, THE DIAL firmly committed to it; and even then he com a wider and deeper scientific training of a general na- bated it as “a panic of pacificators," as an ture—this being in particular the task of the philosoph- ical faculty. Like the French faculties, it offers the uncalled for and illegal method of deciding technical training for the learned callings of the minis- questions which the Constitution, impliedly, try, the bench and bar, the higher civil service, and the and settled precedent, had left to the arbitra office of teaching in the gymnasiums. But beyond this ment of Congress. the German universities are something which neither Dr. Bigelow's book is exceedingly readable, French nor English universities are: the chief seats of scientific work in the country, and with that the nur- and, as a biography, it leaves little to be de- series of scientific research. According to the German sired save on the old score of condensation. conception, the university professor is at once teacher Mr. Tilden's character is well drawn through and scientific investigator, and the latter feature is the out, the portrait justifying Whittier's view of more prominent, so that we must in fact say: In Ger- him as one many the scientific investigators are at the same time the teachers of the academic youth. As a necessary "Ambitious, cautious, yet the man consequence, the academic instruction is above ail To strike down fraud with resolute hand : strictly scientific, not the training for the practice of a A patriot, if a partisan, He loved his native land." profession, but the introduction to scientific insight and research, holding the most prominent place.” E. G. J. There are exceptions to the rule that the most eminent savants are university profes- STUDIES OF GREAT UNIVERSITIES.* sors; but this is the rule, nevertheless. “When, Dr. Paulsen's name on a title-page is a suf- in Germany, we speak of a great scholar," ficient pledge of the value of any book in which says our author, “ the question soon follows: it is found. In the present instance, the book At what university is he? And if he is not at is a translation of the Introduction to the great any university, we may safely assume that he work in two volumes that the Imperial German regards it as a slight. So, on the other hand, if there is mention of a professor, the question Government published to accompany its edu- is soon asked, “What has he written ? What cational exhibit at Chicago in 1893. The word has he achieved in science?'” “ introduction ” suggests only an approach to a subject ; but the whole work to which this one The second chapter deals with the develop- ment of the German universities, the subject was prefixed was executed on such a broad scale as to permit, without sense of dispropor. dle Ages the topics are: Origin, Method of being divided into two heads. Under the Mid- tion, a comprehensive view of its special sub- Foundation, Organization, Attendance, Con- ject. It is an outline, of course, but it is an outline that fills two hundred and forty pages, trol of Students, Teachers, Courses of Instruc- and is in itself well proportioned. tion, Subjects and Method of Instruction. Un- The author begins with a brief chapter on der Modern Times they are: The Renaissance and the Reformation, the University Sectarian the “ General Character of the German Uni- and Dependent upon the Established Church, versity,” discriminating it sharply from the French Universities (facultés, so called) on the the Eighteenth Century, and the Nineteenth one hand, and Oxford and Cambridge on the Century. While the treatment here is neces- other. The centre of interest is contained in sarily pragmatical and dry, still it is broad in this paragraph : grasp and not unrelieved by luminous ideas. The student of educational progress is likely to “ If we fix our attention upon the inner nature of the watch with keenest interest the slow disengage- German university, its particular character is plainly seen to be this: It is at once the workshop of scientific ment of the universities from the hand of au- research, and an institution for the highest scientific in- thority and the establishment of Lehrfreiheit struction; and for general as well as for technical scien and Lernfreiheit. To Halle, founded in 1694, tific instruction. Like the English universities, it offers is ascribed the glory of being the first really *THE GERMAN UNIVERSITIES: THEIR CHARACTER AND modern university, for it was here that the lib. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. By Friedrich Paulsen, Profes- sor of Philosophy and Pedagogy in the University of Berlin. ertas philosophandi on which the modern uni- Authorized translation by Edward Delavan Perry, Professor versity rests, the principle of untrammelled in Columbia College. With an Introduction by Nicholas teaching, first took firm root.” The signifi- Murray Butler. New York: Macmillan & Co. HARVARD COLLEGE, BY AN OXONIAN. By George Birk- cance of the change is thus marked : beck Hill, D.C.L., Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Ox “ The older system of university instruction had ford. New York: Macmillan & Co. started in each case from the assumption that truth was FOUR AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES : HARVARD, YALE, given, that education consisted in the transmission of PRINCETON, COLUMBIA. Illustrated. New York: Harper this truth, and that it was the duty of the controlling & Brothers. powers to take heed that no false doctrine be imparted. : 1895.] 295 THE DIAL The newer system starts from the assumption that truth faculty of philosophy. Its task used to be the must be sought, and that it is the proper task of edu general scientific preparation for special pro- cation to give the skill and the impulse necessary to the fessional study in one of the so-called upper fac- search." The three succeeding chapters, “ The Ger- ulties; it has now become a professional school man Universities in their Relation to the State, for a particular profession : that of teaching to the Church, and to the Community,” “Teach- in the higher schools.” With the progress of time, the teacher's office has been dissociated ers and Teaching in the University,” and “Stu- dents and the Pursuit of Study,” embrace the from the ecclesiastical profession ; or, as our topics of greatest living interest. The reader author remarks : “ Nowadays teaching has be- hitherto unacquainted with the subject will find come an independent profession for life, and the first of these three chapters throwing im- since the middle of this century, changes to church positions have been extremely rare." portant light on the great demonstrations made by professors and students at Fredericksrhue These few excerpts will perhaps suffice to whet the interest of the reader. Professor Perry on the eightieth birthday of Prince Bismarck. The remarks on lectures (Chapter IV.) and has done his work well, adding frequent notes on over-specialization (Chapter VI.) are of the and somewhat expanding the appendices. Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler contributes an intro- greatest practical interest to American educa- duction on “ The Relation of the German Uni- tors at the present time. “Of course," says Dr. Paulsen, dealing with the second topic, versities to the Problems of Higher Education in the United States." He thinks over special. “there is no possibility of retrogression in the division of labor, upon which depend the mighty ization threatens our universities as well as advances of scientific research. We are called those of Germany. He observes : “ Perhaps the division of labor cannot be carried too far upon, however, to oppose the spirit of special- ism, of over-narrow self-confinement, and small- for the value of the product, but it can be car- souled satisfaction with one's self; and every ried too far for the good of the laborer.” And one who belongs to a university is likewise in education, it should be remembered, the la- borer is the great end in view. Of all modes of called upon to help along the opposition." The remarks made, passim, concerning the approach to the German universities known to relative positions of the faculties are of pecu- us, this book is the best that is accessible to the liar interest, furnishing no mean gauge of the scholarly English reader. movements of thought at different times. Thus, The second book on our list derives much of in the period of Church domination, which its interest and value from its author. Mr. closed at the middle of the seventeenth century, Hill is an Oxonian of standing, as well as a the theological faculty still held “ the first place, writer of standing. An extended account of and had gained greatly in real importance ; for our oldest and foremost university, such as this theological study had now become, what it was book is, coming from such a source, could not not by any means in the Middle Ages, a neces fail to attract attention. Besides going care- sity for the whole body of clergy – a natural fully through the standard histories and the consequence of the fact that doctrine made a official documents, Mr. Hill has read many vast advance and prominence as compared with books written by Harvard men, and books ritual, first in the Protestant world and thereby written about them, and has spent time enough also in the Catholic." “ The faculty of law, in Cambridge to become familiar with the spirit also, grew in size and importance, keeping pace of the place. He has brought together a great with the development of the modern state and amount of interesting information, which he of civil service.” “ The faculty of medicine had has arranged, clothed, and commented upon less growth to show ; it remained the weakest in an interesting manner. But the discrimin- down to the nineteenth century.” “The philo ating reader will be most interested in the book sophical faculty, as the facultus artium was now as the judgment of an Oxonian of high char- called, retained in the main its former position, acter upon Harvard University. This phase continuing to form the connecting link between of it will be the more persistent to his mind, the schools below it, which taught only the lan because the writer is constantly making compar- guages, and the faculties above it, which gave isons between Harvard and Oxford. His atti- special scientific training ; its object was to tude is neither censorious criticism nor fulsome supplement the school instruction in general or praise. He does not hesitate to lash Harvard philosophical science.” In the present century severely for her failings, as her record on the “ we remark a change in the position of the slavery question ; but, on the whole, he is ap- 296 [May 16, THE DIAL preciative and sympathetic, and his general in severe censure, pointing out that Harvard view cannot fail to be gratifying to Harvard has been more timid and gingerly in her treat- men. We call attention to one or two points ment of women than the Oxford colleges. Rad- more specifically cliffe College cannot be the goal. The Cor- After speaking with much enthusiasm of the poration and Overseers have not been able to bountiful stream of contributions that con screw their courage to the point of giving de- stantly flows into the Harvard treasury, Mr. serving women the University degree; 6 but Hill writes : they are much more than half-way across the “We of the ancient universities may well look with stream, and onwards they must go.” He con- wonder, and even with a certain touch of sadness, on tinues : these great doings. Why does not the same stream of “There is fear, we are told, that the full Harvard de- bounty flow on Oxford and Cambridge? Why, when gree would attract so large a number of women that they make known their needs,— and their needs often the new college would be overwhelmed. I am reminded are great, does not a generous benefactor at once how nearly sixty years ago our Postmaster-General op- arise ? Balliol College, as a memorial to its famous Mas- posed the scheme of penny postage, because the num- ter, is attempting, this very year, by public subscrip- ber of letters would be so large that the walls of the tion, to enlarge its foundation so that it may do even postoffice would burst. The letters, he seemed to think, greater things than it has already done. The sum which should be kept down to the size of the building, and it has received is not one-tenth part of what this Amer- not the building enlarged to the number of the letters." ican University receives almost every year; and yet less than half a century ago the students at Harvard were Our third book will first attract attention by not twice as numerous as those of Balliol at the present its pictorial features. It abounds in attractive time. In Cambridge, by the great fall in rents, the salary of the Downing Professor of Medicine has dwin- illustrations, some of which, or perhaps all, dled to two hundred pounds a year. The post lately have been already used in another place. The became vacant by the resignation of the Professor. • It letter-press is also meritorious. Professor Nor- will be somewhat difficult,' wrote The Times, 'to obtain ton writes of Harvard, Professor Hadley of a suitable successor, owing to the fact that the profes- Yale, Professor Sloane of Princeton, and Pro- sorship is most insufficiently endowed.' All the fame that Cambridge has gained by her great School of Med- fessor Matthews of Columbia. The illustra- icine apparently does nothing for her. In the American tions deal with the several periods of history Cambridge, such an insufficiency in so important a pro- impartially; the writers, too, make some use of fessorship could scarcely exist; it certainly would not historical materials, but they have rightly con- last long.” ceived it to be their business to present the Only one reason is assigned for this marked Universities as they are, alive and growing, disparity. “Oxford is wronged by the men rather than the processes that have produced who, even after all the reforms which have them. One gets a new idea of the influence of been made, are overpaid for the work they do." these old institutions when he finds Professor Mr. Hill does not think Oxford teachers, as a Sloane writing : “ While the Princeton which class, are overpaid ; “ much of the work done is still in New Jersey does not equal in num- in the Universities is but ill requited ”; “ many bers the Yale in New Haven, or the Harvard a college tutor measures out his labor, not by in Cambridge, she does not yield to them in her what he receives, but by a noble zeal for learn- wider influence, for she has been the mother of ing, and for the welfare of his pupils”; “ those many colleges, about twenty-five directly and who are overpaid are few in number compared indirectly, which are now scattered from Rhode with the whole body, but they are conspicuous Island—for Brown University is in a sense her by their position.” He assures us that the daughter—to California.” And again : “ The greater, and the new, endowments which are so history of the Southern Atlantic and Gulf conspicuously needed, “ will flow in but slowly, States might almost be written in the biogra- if they flow in at all, so long as it is known in phies of Princeton graduates." the country that large sums are still wasted, The three books are all excellent examples as wasted they most certainly are. No one can of the bookmaker's art. The second one, like reproach Harvard with an ill-use of her funds," he “no one, I believe, can point to a sin- says ; the third, is amply and beautifully illustrated. gle man who does not at least do a fair day's B. A. HINSDALE. work for a fair day's pay.” It is not improbable that some readers will turn with most interest to the pages of the The latest cable reports of Professor Huxley's health are far from reassuring. It is feared that he cannot chapter that deals with Harvard's relations to recover, and that a few weeks may see the end of his the education of woman. Here Mr. Hill deals long and honorable career. •1895.] 297 THE DIAL plied an admirable general commentary upon THE REVIVAL OF THE ELIZABETHANS.* them (in the edition of the Spenser Society), In spite of all changes of literary fashion, and Mr. Rhys's short introduction is appre- the Elizabethans hold their own. The roman ciative and apt. The minor poems, however, ticists brought them into vogue, but they seem still lack the necessary annotations (such as are destined bravely to outlive the modern classic supplied in overabundance for the “Faerie reaction and the vicissitudes of the Isms. Good Queene”), and the full and detailed study of taste, like many other good things, goes on tń their sources and literary relations. A volume widening with the process of the suns, and the to include such materials would make an admir- spolia opima of literature in the long run man able addition to the “ Athenæum Press Series." age to survive the conflicts of the critics and Mr. Rhys's edition, as it stands, is nevertheless the battles of the schools. an excellent idea. Spenser's rank as a lyric The Elizabethan lyrics still offer a rich field poet - as a poet of the greater lyric," the for the gleaners. Professor Schelling's recent more sustained lyric—is among the very first. volume of selections from these lyrics, for the Mr. Rhys is right in insisting upon this ; he is “ Athenæum Press series,” is a model of good right also in insisting upon Spenser's great in- editing. The chronological arrangement of the Auence, and right in reprinting the beautiful poems is an excellent idea, the notes are suffi- “Shepherd's Calender" in its entirety ; but he cient for the purpose, and the introduction is is less right, perhaps, in insisting on the iden- an admirable and judicious contribution to the tity of Spenser with the mysterious commenta- criticism of the subject. The editor discusses tor “ E. K.” Spenser's archaisms no longer with lucidity, and with an excellent sense of offer any serious difficulty to the modern reader, proportion, the lyric, its nature and definition, with his constantly enlarging vocabulary of his- the chief periods in the history of the Eliza- toric English ; we are passing out from the bethan lyric, the supremacy of the pastoral shadow of Wordsworth's theory of poetic dic- mode, the sonnet-sequences, the miscellanies tion and of poetic theme; the Renaissance and the song-books, the lyric work and influence model and the neo-Romantic model in pastoral of Spenser, Donne, and Jonson, and the vari- poetry are equally interesting to us; conse- ous Elizabethan lyrical measures. In one in- quently nothing any longer stands in the way stance only must I take the liberty of disagree of our appreciation of the exquisite charm of ing with Professor Schelling. Only by a very a poem which breathes throughout the fresh- lax interpretation of the phrase can the ness and magic of such verse as this: " Faërie Queene” be cited as an illustration of “But friendly Faeries, met with many Graces, the prevalence of the pastoral mode in Eliza And lightfoot Nymphs, can chase the lingering night, bethan literature, pastoral romance With heydeguys and trimly trodden traces ; Whilst sisters nine, which dwell on Parnass height, allegorized and told in verse.” There is Do make them music for their more delight; a considerable pastoral element in the - Faërie And Pan himself, to kiss their crystal faces, Will pipe and dance, when Phæbe shineth bright: Queene," but the tone of the poem as a whole Such peerless pleasures have we in these places." is hardly that of the pastoral, or even of the pastoral allegorized. Dr. Grosart, in bringing together Spenser's It is a matter of some surprise that Spenser's selection with a less happy result. It is highly love poetry, has exercised a freer principle of lyric poems have never before been edited in interesting to read all of a great poet's utter- separate form. Professor Palgrave has sup- ances on the unending theme of love; but one * A BOOK OF ELIZABETHAN LYRICS. Selected and edited, may doubt the wisdom of subordinating the with Introduction and Notes, by F. E. Schelling. Boston: Ginn & Co. purely poetical motives of Spenser's verse in THE LYRIC POEMS OF EDMUND SPENSER. Edited by this vein to the personal interest and occasion Ernest Rhys. ("* The Lyric Poets.") London: J. M. Dent of it, as Dr. Grosart does. Dr. Grosart over- & Co. THE POET OF POETS. Love Verse from the Minor Poems emphasizes the personal interest in the case of of Edmund Spenser. A. B. Grosart, editor. ("The Eliza Greene also. All the critical good-will in the bethan Library.") Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. world cannot raise Greene above his natural GREEN PASTURES. Extracts from the Works of Robert level of amiable mediocrity and picturesque Greene. Made by A. B. Grosart. ("The Elizabethan Li- brary.") Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. pathos. He is remembered for a few occasional THE POEMS OF WILLIAM DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN. felicities, for a slight vein of grace and fresh- Edited, with a Memoir and Notes, by W. C. Ward. (" The Muses Library.”) New York: Imported by Charles Scrib- here and there in his plays appears Der's Sons. and prose-tales, and for his unhappy career. as a 66 ness that 298 [May 16, THE DIAL Otherwise, as Mr. Lowell says, “ he is naught,” Drummond's verse - it is not much — might --and the cause of better men is always injured | better have been omitted. We rejoice, how. by the attempt to push forward inferior work ever, that Mr. Ward has seen fit to include into the notice of the public. among the poems Drummond's real master- The edition of Drummond's Poems in “ The piece, the prose essay entitled “The Cypress Muses Library” is a valuable addition to that Grove," a production worthy of Sir Thomas excellent series, and the editor deserves praise Browne. eloquent, Platonic, of a high imag- for the care with which he has traced out the ination, and written in a style of exceptional poet's literary relations and his obligations to fluency and delightful cadence. Drummond's his sources. Drummond is an interesting fig. poetical style also is not without frequent felic- ure among the later Elizabethans, a gentle ities ; but he resembles the poets of the meta- and fervid spirit, irit, — “a polite and verdant physical school in generally affecting a slightly genius” is the characterization of him by Ed uneven and staccatic rhythm, licentious in met- ward Phillips, Milton's nephew, a royalist rical transposition, although founded upon a and country gentleman, a scholar and traveller, consistent time-and-thought logic of its own. but first of all a poet, Platonist, and man of In his own epitaph, he is the author of two letters. Nature plays no small part in his verse, perfect lines : and he was a lover of country life: “Ut hon- “Here Damon lies, whose songs did sometime grace esto otio quiesceret” was the inscription upon The murmuring Esk; may roses shade the place." his house at Hawthornden. " The great ex- FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER. cellence of Drummond is unaffected feeling and unaffected language,” says a writer in “The Retrospective Review"; and Mr. Ward, his THE ART CRITICISM OF ARISTOTLE.* latest editor, lays much stress - overmuch stress, perhaps—upon the note of sincerity and Some hundred and fifty years ago the aver- of personal feeling manifested in his early love age critic prepared himself for his task by sonnets and madrigals. As to his language, it studying the “Poetics ” of Aristotle and the is sufficient to observe that Drummond was a different metempsychoses which that work had disciple on the one hand of Marino and on the taken in Longinus, Horace, Vida, and Boileau, other of Sir Philip Sidney; although his style in order to know the correct principles upon is freer from conceits and from affectations which to give orthodox judgment. Nowadays than might have been expected under the cir the average critic is more of a nihilist or an- cumstances. He has couplets that point to the archist. In the first place, he does n't want to school of Waller, and in style he lies some give orthodox judgments ; and in the second where between Sidney and Donne. His verse place, he does n't busy himself much about cor- is full of colors, especially saffron, azure, ver rect principles. If he pay any attention at milion, amber, rose, and sapphire. Fountains all to “ the Stagirite,” it is rather as a matter and flowers, sky and clouds, stars and moon of historic curiosity than for any other reason. and night, merles and nightingales, faraway Aristotle's “ Poetics” is, however, not only geographical names such as Ganges, Hydaspes, a work of great importance in the history of Ister, and Tanais, music and odors and dreams, criticism ; it is very stimulating even at pres- enter largely into his effects. The brother- The brother- ent, and one feels it all the more after reading hood in the faith of Romanticism which con. Professor Butcher's edition. Perhaps it is not nects Browne and Drummond with Keats and in any sense, as a brilliant if erratic critic would Shelley-Drummond, like Shelley, was a Pla- have us believe, have us believe, “a perfect little work of æs- tonist-is neither faint nor fantastic. thetic criticism." But it presents its subject Mr. Ward's introduction, largely drawn from in a manner so concise and yet so suggestive, Professor Masson's Life of Drummond, is ad- that it always causes one to think. Mr. John equate; but for the purposes of a “ Muses Li- Morley regarded it as a disgrace to human in- brary” follows its original too closely in the telligence that men should have for so many amount of space devoted to the political aspects centuries interpreted Aristotle's dicta on trag- of Drummond's career, and, like so much of edy, instead of studying tragedies at first hand. modern special criticism, it is affected with the He was not so very far wrong ; but the fact is vice of exaggeration. Moreover, in an edition * ARISTOTLE'S THEORY OF POETRY AND FINE ART; with designed for the general reader rather than for a Critical Text and a Translation of the Poetics. By S. H. the scholar alone, all of the merely unclean in Butcher, Litt.D. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1895.] 299 THE DIAL significant of the character of the “ Poetics." of the wilder and more elemental passions. Readers of “Some Aspects of Greek Genius” Many other instances might be noted, but these have for some time looked forward to Profes. will be sufficient to give an idea of the work. sor Butcher's promised edition, and now that One finishes the book with increased admira- it has appeared it is fortunately found to be in tion for the “Poetics." When Professor Butcher no way disappointing. It presents a critical says of Aristotle's conception of the tragic hero, text with a translation, and then an exposition that it is incomplete and inadequate, but that of Aristotle's theory of Poetry and Fine Art. “it contains profound truth and a capacity for This last part, which takes up two-thirds of a adaptation beyond what was immediately pres- good-sized octavo, is an expansion and remodel ent to the mind of the writer," we feel that he ling of the chapters on the subject in the earlier is characterizing the whole treatise. work just mentioned. It is not merely a criti- EDWARD E. HALE, JR. cism of the “ Poetics,” but a statement of the æsthetic doctrine to be found throughout Aris- totle's writings. One might perhaps think (having recollection of eighteenth century dog SOME APPRECIATIONS OF SIDNEY matism about Unities, Fable, and the like) LANIER.* that a discussion of Aristotle's theory of poetry In the little volume of “ Select Poems of would be somewhat dry and lifeless. But this Sidney Lanier,” editorial taste, insight, and book is one of the most vitalizing to one's discrimination are admirably blended with care- thoughts on art that has for some time ap- ful inquiry, minute accuracy, and painstaking peared. Partly this is due to the pregnant labor. Barring a little stiffness in the excellent thought of Aristotle himself, but in no small | Introduction, the work is of a really high order measure to the leavening power of his com- throughout. The selections are among the mentator. Those who read with delight "Some choicest products of Lanier's art, and admirably Aspects of Greek Genius" will find in this en- illustrative of the range and power of his genius. larged essay the same qualities, only a little The Notes are especially helpful and worthy of riper, perhaps still more suggestive. praise. By every right, Dr. Calloway should love We may mention one or two cases in point. Sidney Lanier. Of the same State, from the The discussion of music as an imitative art, in same South, with kindred tastes, the the second chapter, is one which, in the light student of English was strongly drawn to the younger of musical theory at present, is full of interest. gifted poet-musician whose life, so heroic, so Aristotle could have had no conception of the beautiful, so sad, still rests as a benediction on the power of music as developed in the last two great university with which his later years were centuries, and when he spoke of the ethical connected. Even yet, his person, as described quality of music he must have had in mind by Mr. Stedman, attracts the reader: “ something very different from the views of the the Southerner, nervous and eager, with dark advanced Wagnerian. But there is sufficient hair and silken beard, features delicately parallel to give life to the theory. In the same moulded, pallid complexion, hands of the slen- chapter, a remark which brings up a modern der, white, artistic type." His inner life was idea is that “ Art . . . moving in a world of moving in a world of still more delicate, refined, and beautiful. He images and appearances, and creating after a was the true knight, sans peur, sans reproche. pattern existing in the mind, must be skilled “His song was only singing aloud, in the use of illusion.” The nature of illusion His work a singing with his hand." in general, and of artistic illusion in particular, “ And for my part,” says his editor, “I am as has only of late years come to be the object of grateful for his noble private life as for his accurate study. But the regarding of a work distinguished public work.” of art as a cause, instead of merely an effect, But his was not a goodly heritage. Born and the investigation of the manner in which with the divine gift of music in his soul, he was its own effects are produced, is sure to bring cast among a people who held it unmanly to be forth good results. Professor Butcher's dis- a musician. Born with the divine gift of song, cussion of the katharsis, in which he develops and early manifesting intense longing for the idea of Bernays, has also its current inter- est in view of the present popularity of novels * SELECT POEMS OF SIDNEY LANIER. Edited, with an in- troduction, notes, and bibliography, by Morgan Calloway, of fierce emotion and stirring adventure in an Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of English Philology in the age when daily life offers little vent for some University of Texas. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. 300 [May 16, THE DIAL to say, kuowledge, he was “ cabined, cribbed, confined, as Mount Parnassus in the universe. Know- bound in ” to a life which offered no stimulus ledge, literary friends, literary methods, a lit- to the exercise of the gift, scanty appreciation erary atmosphere, these all came into Lan- of or sympathy with it, and meagre facilities ier's life, but too late, I cannot but think. He for the acquisition of learning. All these things became a rare discerner of thought, as well as are brought out in a pathetically eloquent let a passionate lover of beauty,-a fine critic and ter to his father after he had determined to an original thinker,—but never the really great devote himself to music and literature. poet. I would not go so far as with Mr. Gosse “My dear father, think how, for twenty years, through “I find a painful effort, a strain and poverty, through pain, through weariness, through sick rage, the most prominent qualities in every- ness, through the uncongenial atmosphere of a farcical thing he wrote. Still less would I agree with college and of a bare army and then of an exacting business life, through all the discouragements of being Mr. Thayer in saying, “ As a master of melo- wholly unacquainted with literary people and literary dious metre, only Tennyson, and he not often, ways, I say, think how, in spite of all these depress has equalled Lanier"; and still less with that ing circumstances and of a thousand more which I could English critic who declares that “Lanier's vol- enumerate, these two figures of music and poetry have steadily kept in my heart, so that I could not banish ume has more of genius than all the of poems them. Does it not seem to you as to me, that I begin Poe, or Longfellow, or Lowell (the humorous to have the right to enroll myself among the devotees poems excepted)”, and who considers Lanier of these two sublime arts, after having followed them " the most original of all American poets, and so long and so humbly, and through so much bitterness ?” more original than any England has produced Sidney Lanier reminds me of no other En for the last thirty years." Our age has pro- glish poet so much as of John Keats. It is not duced a special kind of enthusiasm which seems Lanier's manner or style; for these recall Brown bent upon creating an order or rank of men of ing far too much. But he and Keats had each genius “ who require something little short of received a wondrous poetic gift. Each followed genius on the part of others to recognize the Solomon's direction, “Get learning, get un special qualities which really distinguish them.” derstanding,” recognizing that the road lay Lanier's life was indeed a true poem. “ He through application, study, and thought.” was as spotless as the Lady of Christ's,' and Each had had the chord of life so worn to a infinitely more lovable.” But his poems are slender thread as to beget the ever-increasing not “simple, sensuous, impassioned.” Cole- dread that any intense feeling or ardor of cre- ridge maintained that all good poetry was ative imagination would suddenly snap it asun untranslatable into words of the same lan- der. The American, it seems to me, did not guage without injury to the sense : in other realize as distinctly as did the English poet the words, perfect thought or feeling wedded to per- truth that “the Genius of poetry must work fect form and expression. In more than one out its own salvation in man. It cannot be poem, Poe succeeded in achieving this ; Lanier matured by law and precept." Loving the never in any, throughout. How rarely do we principle of beauty in all things, and with an find a line or a stanza that imbeds itself in the eye single to her service, Keats could say not memory. This felicity of speech, with Poe, as only with Coleridge, was an acquisition. This lucid- Beauty is truth, truth beauty," ity was remarkable in Keats, as in other poets but also, who have left us a perfect specimen of their A thing of beauty is a joy forever." art. That Lanier endeavored to exert his imag- Does any of the finer poetic principles ever ination to the utmost, to indulge in that exci- permit the poet to work according to a con tation of feeling which is necessary to this scious theory? peculiar felicity of choice, cannot be doubted. Why, then, was the English poet able to He it was who said that “the artist shall put reach results at twenty-five which the South- forth, humbly and lovingly, and without bitter- erner had not attained at thirty-nine? The ness against opposition, the very best and high- chief reason, I believe, was in the surroundings est that is within him, utterly regardless of of the two men. To Keats was given a literary contemporary criticism.” Was he thinking atmosphere, the right books at the right time, more of the music of his verse-or, rather, the the friend to listen and to encourage, the select music which according to his own theory should few, clear of vision and stout of heart, whose blend with his words—than of the exquisite direct gaze, fixed purpose, and lofty achieve polish and nice selection of phrase which con- ment revealed the fact that there is such a place | summate art alone can give ? 66 66 - 1895.] 301 THE DIAL man Sidney Lanier, then, though he reminds us monly clever spurious editions of Walton, made by here and there of Emerson, of Browning, and the aid of photography in Germany." That this of Swinburne, essayed to give artistic form to swindling game is worth the candle is attested by his own thoughts and feelings, to sing his own the fact that a perfect copy of Walton's first edition song. But either sufficient time was not al- has been known to bring as high as £310 — the lowed, or fortune did not permit him to arrive buyer thereof being (to all other appearances) a “ clothed and in his right mind.” The vagaries at that individuality by which the great poets of the confirmed Waltonian are curious. One Higgs, are instantly recognized. Limited, then, as I for instance, a pious Vandal, had his pet copy bound believe he is, in regard to simplicity, to spon in boards that were ripped off the door of Cotton's taneity, to individuality, to passion, and to per- fishing-house, “ where he was sure old Izaak's hand fection, he cannot be called “indisputably a must have touched it.” This copy afterwards sold great poet,” though he does possess decided for £63. “Walton's coffin,” adds our author, “would originality and a real poetic endowment. With not be safe from some of his “ admirers.”” Apropos this understanding, I can heartily endorse Dr. of high-priced editions, Mr. Marston says that "all Calloway's estimate : good Waltons go to America.” Nor is this fact al- ways relished by the Briton — the author relating “In technique he was akin to Tennyson; in love of that he recently bought a copy of the second edition beauty and lyric sweetness, to Keats and Shelley; in under the owner's express stipulation that it was love of nature, to Wordsworth; and in spirituality, to not to cross the water. Ruskin, the gist of whose teaching is that we are souls “I do not see,” he said, temporarily having bodies; to Milton, God-gifted organ- 'why all our rarest books should go to America.” voice of England,' and to Browning, “subtlest assertor In his chapter on later editions of Walton, Mr. of the soul in song.' To be sure, Lanier's genius is not Marston notes a German one, “ Der Vollkommene equal to that of any one of the poets mentioned, but I | Angler," which, judging from passages cited, must venture to believe that it is of the same order, and, be nearly as funny as the famous Portuguese phrase- therefore, deserving of lasting remembrance.” book. Comically enough, the translator warns his W. M. BASKERVILL. readers against “a certain heaviness” in his author; after which he proceeds to lighten him up as fol- lows : “ Ich bin wahrhaftig sehr erfreut Sie getrof- fen zu haben. ... Lassen Sie uns keine Zeit mit BRIEFS OX NEW BOOKS. Reden verschwenden, sondern uns sofort der Jagd ansschliessen. Kommen Sie, mein ehrenwehrter A chatty, natterful little book, “not Venator, beeilen wir uns, und machen wir, dass wir to delight unworthy the perusal of most an fortkommen ”— and so on, with an elephantine at- the angler. glers," as old Izaak's title-page has it, tempt to mimic Izaak's artless prattle that is most is Mr. R. B. Marston's "Walton and Some Earlier diverting. Not content with “lightening ” his au- Fishing Writers ” (Armstrong). The author, as the thor, the conscientious Teuton' often corrects him, elect know, is editor of “ The Fishing Gazette,” a in this style: “ Dieser Paragraph und der vorherge- collector of rare Waltons, and a practical brother of hende sind mit blühendem und handgreiflichem the angle withal, whom Mr. Piscator himself might Unsinn angefüllt.” Mr. Marston's little book should have been glad to fall in with on "a fine May morn not be overlooked by those interested in its theme. ing.” The Common Father of all Anglers is natur- ally Mr. Marston's chief figure; and seven out of Professor Boyesen's Essays on Essays on the thirteen chapters are given to him and his mag- Scandinavian Literature” (Scrib- num opus. The earlier writers, however, are not lite ner) comprises chapters on Ander- neglected, such pre-Waltonian worthies as Piers of sen and Tegnér, Herrer Björnson, Kielland, Lie, Fulham, Dame Juliana Berners, Leonard Mascall, and Brandes, and “Contemporary Danish Litera- John Dennys, Gervase Markham, etc., being duly ture." Another volume, to include discussions of noticed and their not very important productions Runeberg and Oehlenschlaeger, will follow the pres- described and listed. In addition to his comments ent one before very long. The Ibsen commentary, on fishing books and authors, Mr. Marston draws published last year, belongs with this group of studies, occasionally on his own piscatorial experiences, and all of which may be regarded, the author tells us, he gives, moreover, some practical hints and bits of as among the results of a cherished but abandoned information as to prized editions of the “Angler" plan to write a systematic history of Scandinavian which we commend to raw collectors. Imprimis, letters for the English reader. In the volume be- Mr. Marston lays down the sound general princi fore us, Herr Björnson gets, as he deserves, the ple: “ Beware of taking to collect books on angling.” foremost place, and almost half the total number of For, he feelingly adds, “you will find yourself be pages. The essay is, for the most part, a running come so attached to the fascinating hobby that you commentary on the plays and novels of the great would, if necessary, pawn the shirt off your back to Norwegian, vigorous in characterization, highly obtain some coveted edition.” A snare against readable and entertaining, but nowhere producing which buyers are specially warned is “the uncom the impression of a finished study. Mr. Boyesen A book Scandinavian literature. 302 [May 16, THE DIAL verse, from : 6 American literature. ser- writes too much and too rapidly to do the best work Enough is given, however, in prose and that he is capable of, and his style often degener- Cervantes down to the small witticisms of the news- ates into mere journalism. Will it be believed that, paper scribe, to make an enjoyable and a fairly speaking of Herr Lie, and describing him as a Jekyll- illustrative volume. The Spaniard jokes, as he and-Hyde sort of person, the author uses such lan lives, with much outward decorum ; and that he is guage as this : “From that day the Finnish Hyde not insensible of the national humors is evident in in Jonas was downed and reduced to permanent the following quip from " Blanco y Negro":"A subjection"? The essays on Dr. Brandes and very ceremonious Spaniard, when asked why he Bishop Tegnér are perhaps the most satisfactory of was not present at the funeral of a certain person- the collection, and we should perhaps add the chap- age, replied, · Because he owed me a call.?” The ter on Hans Christian Andersen, since the greater volumes are acceptably illustrated. part of it was originally written for THE DIAL. Certainly we owe Mr. Boyesen no slight debt of Miss Mildred Cabell Watkins is the A primer of gratitude for his persistent efforts to help our pub- author of a primer of “American lic to know something of Scandinavian literature. Literature” (American Book Co.) That literature, if we may consider its three branches well adapted, in simplicity of style and selection of as forming a single product, is only out-ranked by material, to the uses of children. The simplicity the three culture-literatures of England, France, and of the narrative is sometimes a little forced, but it Germany. No other modern literature, these three does not degenerate into prattle, and the subject is excepted, has a greater claim upon our attention attractively presented. We must enter a protest than that which includes the names of Holberg and against such an expression as “poetry was not in Oehlenschlaeger, of Runeberg and Tegnér, of Herr their line," and against the use of that unspeakable Björnson and Dr. Ibsen. word “brainy.” The foot-note which describes Shakespeare as “one of the greatest of all writers' To the “ International Humor More of may be made the subject of a possible exception; the gaieties ies (Scribner) are now added « The and that characterizing Locke as “a great mental of nations. Humor of Ireland,” edited by D. J; philosopher of England who first studied and de- O'Donoghue, and “The Humor of Spain,” edited scribed the mind ” is of course absurd. But the by Susette M. Taylor. Each of the volumes con book, in the main, is well done, and deserves com- tains an Introduction. Of these, Mr. O'Donoghue's mendation. We note a few trifling inaccuracies, is something over-long, and (taking his own anthol- such as “Magnalia” for the title of Cotton Math- ogy as a test, and not counting the extracts from er's most famous work; the statement that Park- such Anglo-Irishmen as Swift, Steele, Sterne, and man's history fills seven volumes ; and the other Goldsmith, whose humor is individual rather than statement that a volume of Lowell's letters has national, and is at any rate as much English as been published. Nor is it quite accurate to say of Irish) something over-laudatory. Irish fun is better Whitman that “his style is so very, very singular, spoken than printed. In print we lose the flash, that it has been named Whitmanesque.” The plan the unexpectedness of the repartee—a form of wit of the book includes extracts, mostly very brief, and in which the Celt is facile princeps. Lost, too, are of the sort that children would do well in commit- the personal accompaniments: the droll face, the ting to memory. Dates are mostly relegated to the sly leer, the brogue, the indefinable something in summaries that end the chapters. Recent writers the Hibernian make-up that renders Pat the world are well represented. A more modest view than is over, like Falstaff, “the cause that wit is in other common in text-books characterizes the majority of men.” It is rather surprising, as Mr. O'Donoghue the critical estimates, which is well. A slight ex- says, that the Irish, under such depressing condi- aggeration of the Southern element in our litera- tions, should have evolved a national humor at all; ture may occasionally be detected. and we agree with him that “many countries with far more reason for uninterrupted good - humor, “ The Life and Correspondence of The life and with much less cause for sadness, would be hard correspondence of Rufus King” (Putnam), edited by put to it to show an equally valuable contribution to Rufus King. Dr. Charles R. King, his grandson, the world's lighter literature.” The present collec is a publication that will extend to five large octavo tion is a fairly representative one. There is a volumes, and form a worthy addition to the rapidly thought too much, perhaps, of the inevitable potheen growing library of the Fathers of our Republic. and shillelah, and the boisterous “ Whack Bubba- The edition is handsomely printed and limited to boo" element generally; but the better writers, 750 copies. Two volumes of the series have now Lover, Maginn, Lever, O'Keefe, Halpine, etc., are appeared, the first covering the thirty years of not slighted.— Of a decidedly fresh and original King's early life (1755 - 1794), the second carry- savor is “ The Humor of Spain ”-tickling the pal- ing the record on to the penultimate year of the ate, after the broader and homelier Irish product, century. Nearly half a century ago the work now with a tang as of wild fruit. Miss Taylor makes inaugurated was undertaken by President King of no claim to comprehensiveness for her collection, Columbia College, the father of the present editor, and its omissions will be patent to Spanish scholars. and the son of the Revolutionary orator, statesman, 1895.] 308 THE DIAL and diplomatist. It was for some reason abandoned, book should be used with independent judgment. As but we may now expect it to be brought to a happy a compendium of hints and directions bearing upon conclusion. Among the papers now published are the minutest details of library work, the book is of King's notes taken during the Convention of 1787, a value much more than proportionate to its mod- of which he was one of the foremost members, and est dimensions. interesting as confirmatory of the accuracy of Mad- Three uncommonly pretty books bear ison's report. “ A continuous narrative of King's Studies of nature and humble life a somewhat similar type in being life,” says the editof, “has not been attempted in England. studies of nature and humble life in throughout the work, the correspondence filling up small nooks of England, and in claiming attention the gaps, tied together by explanatory remarks and rather by graces of style than by any absorbing in- notes. In an appendix to each volume there will terest of subject-matter. They are : Mr. J. S. be found many papers of interest, containing some Fletcher's “The Wonderful Wapentake" (Mc- of the writings and speeches of Mr. King during his Clurg), Mr. John Watson's “Annals of a Quiet long public career.” Valley in the Wordsworth Country" (Macmillan), Readers who are disposed to inquire The Arthur legend and Mr. George Milner's “Studies of Nature on the Coast of Arran" (Longmans). For daintiness and Tennyson's curiously concerning the sources of treatment of it. a poet's inspiration or the methods and attractive book-making, it would be hard to choose between the three-but the precedence for of his workmanship will find an interesting study in Dr. Richard Jones's examination into “ The variety and sprightliness would have to be given to Growth of the Idylls of the King ” (Lippincott). the first named; for actual information concerning The Arthur legend having entered largely into the the early English laws, customs, and people, to the literature of all European nations, Professor Jones second ; and for poetic and literary touch in deal- begins his book with a survey of the development ing with every-day and commonplace themes, to the and dissemination of this legend previous to the time third. Full-page illustrations, many of them fine when Tennyson took hold of it. He devotes him- copper-plates of much artistic value, are features of the three volumes. self especially to showing that Tennyson's obliga- tions to Malory have been overestimated, and that, in fact, Malory has no peculiar claims to stand as the sole representative of Arthurian legend ; his BRIEFER MENTION. own book being a compilation, and not always a tales which were the common prop- A happy one, group of French texts for school use includes M. Verne's " Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours,” erty of the poets of all lands. Tennyson's subject- abridged and edited by Professor A. H. Edgren; M. matter being thus largely the product of the imagi- Zola's "La Débâcle,” abridged and edited by Dr. Ben- nation of many peoples, widely separated in space jamin W. Wells; and “Fleurs de France," fifteen and time, it becomes interesting to trace his use of contes by such men as MM. Halévy, Droz, Coppée, and his material, and to compare his treatment with that E. Daudet, edited by M. C. Fontaine. These three are by other poets. The concluding chapter deals with from Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. Messrs. Ginn & Co. the completed idylls, and shows that the plan of the send a selection, edited by Professor L. Oscar Kuhns, poem grew as the poet wrought, and that, spite of from the poems and comedies of Alfred de Musset, in- their fragmentary mode of composition and publi- cluding three plays, and such poems as the four cation, the “Idylls of the King” is not merely a “Nuits.” Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. publish Mr. E. E. M. Creak's edition of “ La Poudre de Soissons," succession of panel pictures, but one magnificent by Dumas père, a very small book indeed. painting, an organic unity. The “ Atlas of Classical Antiquities” (Macmillan), The Public Library of Denver has prepared by Dr. T. Schreiber, and edited for English use by Professor W. C. F. Anderson, offers to English of library issued a “ Public Library Hand-book” students at a moderate price one of the best reference management. which provides a compact body of works produced by recent German scholarship. The detailed information concerning the workings and work is in form an oblong quarto, with one hundred management of the institution. This pamphlet ought full-page plates, each of which has one or more pages to be found extremely useful by the custodians of of descriptive text. The subjects are classified, those small collections, who are too often ignorant of the of the Drama, Re gion, Athletics, Armor, and Arts and principles of library economy. In fact, a careful Crafts being especially noteworthy for fullness of illus- study of the book would provide a very fair substi- trative treatment. The work is very attractive in all tute for professional training in librarianship, al- respects. though we by no means recommend those who are The work of the crammer is not so much in demand in a position to get such training to neglect the op. University Tutorial Series” have concluded to estab- in America as in England, but the publishers of “The portunity. The Dewey system of classification is made the basis of the sections on cataloguing, and lish a New York agency for the sale of their series of compact handbooks (W. B. Clive). We have received the implication is now and then met with that a the following numbers: “An Elementary Text-Book of library should follow rather than direct popular Heat,” by Mr. R. W. Stewart; “ An Elementary Text- taste. Such matters as these merely suggest that the Book of Hydrostatics," by Messrs. William Briggs and A handbook 304 [May 16, THE DIAL ners. us. G. H. Bryan; an edition of “ De Amicitia," prepared by published in this country by the Johns Hopkins Press, Messrs. A. H. Allcroft and W. F. Mason; and one of was described by us some time ago in connection with the “ Phædo,” edited by Messrs. C. S. Fearenside and the “ Job,” which inaugurated the series. « Leyiticus” R. C. B. Kerin. and “Samuel" are the two parts now issued, the former In addition to the recently-noticed modern language edited by Professor Driver and the Rev. H. A. White, publications of Mr. W. R. Jenkins, we have since re- the latter by Professor Budde of Strassburg. Two col- ceived a number of others from the same house. ors suffice for the former text, while no less than eight "Lectures Faciles pour l'Etude du Français,” by M. are required for the latter. The price of these texts is Paul Bercy, is a volume of simple prose texts, with very low, being made considerably less than cost by the annotations. “Simples Notions de Français,” by the generosity of a modest American Mæcenas. same author, is a picture-book for very youthful begin Dr. A. H. Edgren has prepared a new translation of “ Mme. Beck's French Verb Form” is not ex “ Sakuntala,” or, as he spells it, “Shakuntala," and the actly a book, but rather a sheaf of blanks to be filled book is published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. The out by students with selected conjugations. It is a use two previous translations into English are those of Sir ful piece of apparatus for the teacher. « Partir á William Jones and Sir M. Monier-Williams, respec- Tiempo," by Don Mariano José de Larro, is a one-act tively dating from 1789 and 1856. The present trans- comedy, edited by Mr. A. W. Herdler, and forming a slator has aimed at a more literal version than his pre- number of the “ Teatro Español” series. decessors. The metrical passages are in unrhymed The Northwestern University of Evanston has issued iambic tetrameter. We are surely entitled to three En- a handsome pamphlet report of the exercises at the open- glish translations of this great work, in view of the fact ing of the Orrington Lunt Library Building, September that the Germans have a dozen or more. 26, 1894. Two full-page plates give us a photograph “On the Eve,” that masterpiece of absolutely flaw- of the building and a portrait of the donor. The “ex less art, appears as the third volume in Mrs. Garnett's ercises ” include the address of presentation and accept- new translation of the novels of Tourguénieff, having ance, a dedication ode by Mrs. Emily Huntington Mil- been preceded by “Rudin" and "A House of Gentle- ler, some remarks by President Adams of the University folk” (Macmillan). Mr. Edward Garnett writes the of Wisconsin, and a lengthy address on - The Develop- introduction, which is in the main an adequate appre- ment of the Library," by Dr. Justin Winsor, who was ciation, although the figure of Insaroff appears a failure the special guest of the occasion. to the critic (which it emphatically is not), and although too tendenziös a character is ascribed to the novel. The Modern Language Association of America is the publisher of two doctor's dissertations recently sent A library edition of “The Surprising Adventures of Mr. Edwin Seelye Lewis, of Princeton, has for his Baron Munchausen," imported by Messrs. Charles Scrib- subject “Guernsey: Its People and Dialect." Mr. Lewis ner's Sons, is an unexpected but not unwelcome acces- made two visits to Guernsey, and mingled with all sion to our shelves. The edition is made particularly usses of population. A similar study is that of valuable by Mr. Thomas Seccombe's lengthy introduc- “ The Phonology of the Pistojese Dialect,” by Mr. tion, which discusses the origin and fortunes of the work. James Dowden Bruner, recently of the University of Rudolph Erich Raspe is accepted as the author by Mr. Illinois, and now of the University of Chicago. The Seccombe, and some account of his life is given. The writer's material was collected during a six months' original text of 1785 is here reproduced, together with stay in Pistoja and the surrounding villages. Both of the successive enlargements down to the seventh edi- these dissertations are pieces of solid and conscientious tion, published in 1793. Although Rowlandson, Cruik- shank, and Doré are numbered among the workmanship, and well illustrate the zeal of our younger many illus- men in the pursuit of their chosen sciences. trators of this work, the present edition, instead of drawing upon the older artists, is supplied with a new Messrs. Eldredge & Bro. publish a neat leather- set of drawings by Messrs. William Strang and J. B. bound pocket edition of the Constitution of the United Clark. States. It will go into the smallest of vest-pockets, and contains, besides the text, a bibliography, an analytical index, the dates of ratification of the instrument, and LITERARY NOTES. the dates and manner of ratification of the several amendments. The text has been carefully compared M. Gaston Boissier has been elected Secretary of with the original in the Department of State, and what the French Academy, to succeed the late Camille Doucet. little editing the booklet needed has been done by Pro The Peter Paul Book Co. of Buffalo have recently fessor Francis N. Thorpe. purchased “The Magazine of Poetry,” and expect to Two new editions of the novels of Smollett, inaugur- enlarge the magazine by the addition of several new ated almost simultaneously, call for a word of praise. features. One is an edition to Bohn's “ Novelists' Library” (Mac Professor Hugo Münsterberg of Harvard, on behalf millan), and gives us “ Peregrine Pickle" in two vol of the American members of the Helmholtz Monument umes, and « Roderick Random” in one. The familiar Committee, invites subscriptions for the proposed me- style of this “ Library" makes further description unnec morial to the great scientist. essary. The other edition, of which “Roderick Ran Mr. Gosse is reported as saying that “ Sig. Gabriele dom,” in three volumes, is now issued, is edited by Mr. d'Annunzio and Mr. Rudyard Kipling are probably the George Saintsbury, and is published, in close imitation most gifted persons under the age of thirty now writ- of the Dent editions of English Classics, by the J. B. ing verse in any part of the world.” Lippincott Co. in this country, and by Messrs. Gibbings The University Extension Summer Meeting at the & Co. in London. University of Pennsylvania will extend from June 29 The beautifully-printed polychrome edition of the to July 26. History and political science will be the Old Testament texts, edited by Dr. Paul Haupt and main subjects, and the lecturers include Professors H. 1895.] 305 THE DIAL C. Adams, A. B. Hart, J. W. Jenks, W. G. Sumner, plexity of the problem must constitute, to such natures and Woodrow Wilson, the Rev. E. E. Hale, and Dr. as Dr. Canfield's, its attraction and its inspiration. Albert Shaw. Dr. James Martineau celebrated his ninetieth birth- We understand that the new series of translations of day on the 23rd of April, and was duly congratulated Tourguénieff's novels will be supplemented by a uniform by a deputation from Manchester College, Oxford. The collection of the short stories. We trust that the re address said, among other things: “We recognise the port is true and that the collection will be an absolutely dignity and honour conferred on the college by your complete one. connexion with it as professor, principal, and president, “Should the elementary study of grammar be chiefly associating its name with your high service to religious inductive?” is the question put and affirmatively an philosophy. And to the spirit infused into the life of swered by Professor Starr W. Cutting in a reprint of the college by your steadfastness always to the free the proceedings of the last meeting of the Modern Lan teaching and the free learning of theology, it largely guage Association. owes its constant fidelity to this fundamental principle.” Italy may be having a hard time of it politically, and Dr. Martineau made an interesting reply, in which he may be upon the verge of national bankruptcy, but lit briefly reviewed his life, touching upon the influences erary production goes on uninterrupted. No less than by which it had been shaped, and indicating the future 9416 volumes are reported for the past year, nearly development, in his opinion, of religious philosophy. two thousand of them coming from Lombardy. Particularly interesting was his statement of the two The Burrows Brothers Co., of Cleveland, will in the influences which claimed special consideration in his fall begin publication of their great projected edition of retrospect. “One was the literature which had come the “ Relations des Jésuites,” with a complete text and to this country from the United States, chiefly from the page-for-page translations. There will be about sixty pen of Dr. Channing. He remembered when Dr. Chan- volumes, appearing monthly, and the edition will be ning's teachings were regarded by some of the older limited to 750 copies. men with disfavor amounting even to bitterness; but Mr. Gladstone has written a letter to the Rev. F. D. he himself, in common with many of the younger men Greene, author of “The Armenian Crisis in Turkey," in his day, had been greatly touched by the deep spir- expressing the belief that the work “ will materially as- itual humility and search after personal holiness which sist in rousing public attention to the recent outrages characterized that great man's preaching. Another in- in Armenia, which almost pass description, and have in- fluence was that of the Evangelical literature associated flicted indelible disgrace on the Sultan of Turkey and with the name of Wilberforce, of which he became on his officers and soldiers concerned in perpetrating, aware only by accident.” in denying, and in shielding them.” “The Proofsheet" is the name of a modest periodi. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. cal, published monthly at 232 Irving avenue, Chicago, May, 1895 (Second List). whose conductors are making it of practical value to writers and correctors for the press. An example of its Annexation, Canadians and. Jno. G. Bourinot. Forum. usefulness is the publication, in its May issue, of a list Archæology in Denmark. Frederick Starr. Popular Science. of words variously spelled by the four dictionaries Aristotle, Art Criticism of. E. E. Hale, Jr. Dial (May 16). chiefly used in this country the International (Web- Armenian Question, The. Robert Stein, Arena. ster's), Worcester's, the Century, and the Standard. Asquith, Rt. Hon. H. H. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews. Bee-Tending. W. S. Hutchinson. Cosmopolitan. The words are over six hundred in number, and are ar- Bismarck. Theodore A. Dodge. Forum. ranged in parallel columns so as to show the variations Business, Friendship, and Charity. L. G. McPherson. Pop.Sci. at a glance. Business Improvement, Indications of. Forum. Chancellor James Hulme Canfield, of the University Diplomacy and the Newspaper. E. L. Godkin. No. American. of Nebraska, has accepted a call to the presidency of Dishes, Ceremonial, of New England. Cosmopolitan. the Ohio State University at Columbus, and will assume Education, Elementary. William T. Harris. No. American. Elizabethans, Revival of the. F. I. Carpenter. Dial (May 16). his new duties with the coming academic year. This Freytag, Gustav. Dial (May 16). step is full of significance and promise for the fortunes Income Tax, The George S. Boutwell. North American. of the Ohio institution. Dr. Canfield's reputation has Japan, The Future of. North American. been won in various fields of activity, each of which Kidd on “Social Evolution.” W. D. Le Sueur. Pop. Science. seems to have added its element of strength to the char La Farge, John, The Art of. Review of Reviews. acter of the man. Born in Ohio, reared and educated Lanier, Sidney. W. M. Baskervill. Dial (May 16). in New England, attorney and school-superintendent in Law-Schools, Pettifogging. David S. Jordan. Forum. Michigan, professor in Kansas, and college president in Luxury, The Office of. M. Paul Beaulieu. Popular Science. Nebraska, he has now, in the fullness of his powers and Meteorology, The Progress of. Frank Waldo. No. American. Millais, Sir John E. John Underhill. Review of Reviews. the ripeness of his experience, returned to his native Naturalist, The Work of the. C.S. Minot. Pop. Science. State, to take his place at the head of her system of Olympic Games, Revival of the. Paul Shorey. Forum. public instruction, and to perform, it is hoped, for Ohio, Polar Research, Remunerativeness of. E. W. Nye. Cosmop'n. that service which he has so loyally and successfully ren- Preacher and His Province, The. Cardinal Gibbons. No. Am. dered to Nebraska. It may as well be admitted that the Railway Problem, Solution of the. C. J. Buell. Arena. task before him has its perplexities. Ohio is now an old Renan's Life of Jesus. J. D. McPherson. Arena. State, with many persistent strains of immigration, many Saleswomen in Large Stores. Mary P. Whiteman. Cosmop'n. sharp lines of cleavage in politics and morals, many re- Samark and Bokhara. Frank Vincent. Cosmopolitan. Schools, The Crowding of. J. H. Penniman. Forum. ligious denominations, and a rather unfortunate Tilden, Samuel J. Dial (May 16). will not say a bad—eminence in higher education, hav Universities, Great, Studies of. B. A. Hinsdale. Dial (May 16). ing more than three dozen colleges within her borders. War, Abolishment of. E. P. Powell. Arena. But “Res servera est verum gaudium”; and the com Woman as Inventor and Manufacturer. Popular Science. we 306 [May 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 100 titles, includes books re- ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.] EDUCATION.-BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. A Handbook of Systematic Botany. By Dr. E. Warm- ing ; trans. and edited by M. C. Potter, M.A. Illus., 8vo, pp. 620. Macmillan & Co. $3,75. A Student's Text-Book of Botany. By Sydney H. Vines, M.A. Illus., 8vo, pp. 821. Macmillan & Co. $2. Froebel's Pedagogics of the Kindergarten; or, His Ideas Concerning the Play and Playthings of the Child. Trans- lated by Josephine Jarvis. 12mo, pp. 337. Appletons' “International Education Series." $1.50. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the Year 1891-92. In 2 vols., 8vo. Washington: Government Printing Office. M. Tulli Ciceronis De Oratore; Liber Primus. Edited by W. B. Owen, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 195. Leach, Shewell, & Sanborn. $i. Deutsche Gedichte. Selected, with notes and an introduc- tion, by Camillo von Klenze, Ph.D. Illus., 16mo, pp. 331. Henry Holt & Co. 90 cts. La Debacle. Par Emile Zola; abridged and annotated by Benj. W. Wells, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 284. Heath's “Mod- ern Language Series." 80 cts. Plato's Phædo. With introduction, notes, etc., by C. S. Fearenside, M.A., and R. C. B. Kerin, B.A. 16mo, pp. 166. New York: W. B. Clive. 80 cts. Erasmus' Convivia e Conloquiis. Edited, with notes and vocabulary, by Victor S. Clark, Lit.B. 16mo, pp. 197. Ginn's “School Classics." 55 cts. Selections from Rosegger's Waldheimat._With intro- duction and explanatory notes by Laurence Fossler, A.M. 12mo, pp. 103. Ginn & Co. 55 cts. An Elementary Text-Book of Hydrostatics. By Wm. Briggs, M.A., and G. H. Bryan, M.A. Illus., 16mo, pp. 208. New York: W. B. Clive. 50 cts. An Elementary Text-Book of Heat. By R. W. Stewart, D.Sc. Illus., 16mo, pp. 167. New York: W.B. Clive. 50c. Cicero's De Amicitia. Edited by A. H. Allcroft, M.A., and W. F. Masom, M.A. 16mo, pp. 110. New York:' W. B. Clive. 40 cts. Merrill's Vertical Penmanship: A Series of Six Copy- Books. 12mo. Maynard, Merrill & Co. Per set, 48 cts. Episodes from Dumas' La Poudre de Soissons. Edited, with notes, by E. E. M, Creak, B.A. 18mo, pp. 108. Longmans, Green, & Co. 40 cts. Volkmann's Kleine Geschichten. With notes, vocabu- lary, etc.,,by Dr. Wilhelm Bernhardt. 16mo, pp. 90. 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Macmillan & Co. $3. Euripides the Rationalist: A Study in the History of Art and Religion. By A. W. Verrall, Litt.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 263. Macmillan & Co. $1.90. The Renascence of the English Drama: Essays, Lectures, and Fragments Relating to the Modern English Stage. By Henry Arthur Jones. 12mo, uncut, pp. 343. Macmillan & Co. $1.75. Jewish Literature, and Other Essays. By Gustav Karpeles. 12mo, pp. 404. Jewish Publication Society of Am. $1.25. Spenser's Færie Queen (Book_II., Cantos V.- VIII.). Edited by Thomas J. Wise. Part V., illus., large 8vo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $3. The Best Plays of Ben Jonson. In 3 vols., Vol. III., with portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 421. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25. HISTORY. The Tragedy of Fotheringay. Founded on the Journal of D. Bourgoing, Physician to Mary Queen of Scots, and on Unpublished MS. Documents. By the Hon. Mrs. Max- well Scott. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 272. Macmillan & Co. $6. Historic Doubts as to the Execution of Marshal Ney. By James A. 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Cycling for Health and Pleasure: A Guide to the Use of the Wheel. By Luther H. Porter, author of " Wheels NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES, and Wheeling." Illus., 16mo, pp. 195. Dodd, Mead & Lippincott's Select Novels: Mystery of the Patrician Club, Co. $1. by A. D. Vandam; 16mo, pp. 343, 50 cts. Lovell, Coryell's Series of American Novels: Los Cerri- tos, by Gertrude Franklin Atherton ; 16mo, pp. 296, EDUCATIONAL. 50 cts. Bonner's Choice Series: The House by the River, by Bar MISS GIBBONS' SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, New York City. bara Kent; illus., 16mo, pp. 328, 50 cts. No. 55 West 47th st. Mrs. SARAH H. EMERSON, Prin- Fenno's Select Series: The Mystery of Cloomber, by A. cipal. Reopened October 4. A few boarding pupils taken. Conan Doyle ; 12mo, pp. 250, 50 cts. P. F; Collier's Once a Week Library: The Ghost of Guy YOUNG LADIES, SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J. Thyrle, by Edgar Fawcett; 16mo, pp. 282, 25 cts. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894. Lotos-Time in Japan. By Henry T. Finck. Illus., 8vo, Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal. uncut, pp. 337. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.75. The Book of the Fair. By Hubert Howe Bancroft. Parts UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, Charlottesville, Va. 20 and 21 ; each illus., large 4to. The Bancroft Co. The Board of Visitors of this University will proceed at Per part, $1. their next annual meeting (10—12 June, 1895) to the election Guernsey : Its People and Dialect. By Edwin Seelye Lewis. of a Professor of Modern Languages. For further particulars, 8vo, uncut, pp. 83. Modern Language Ass'n. address WILLIAM M. THORNTON, LL.D., SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES. Chairman of the Faculty. Annals of the British Peasantry. By Russell M. Garnier, B.A., author of " History of the English Landed Inter | SCHOOL OF APPLIED ETHICS. est. 8vo, pp. 460. Macmillan & Co. $3.50. FOURTH SUMMER SESSION. Aspects of the Social Problem. By Various Writers; edited by Bernard Bosanquet. 12mo, uncut, pp. 334. Plymouth, Mass., July 8- August 9, 1895. Macmillan & Co. $1. FOUR DEPARTMENTS: I. ECONOMICS; II. ETHICS ; Adoption and Amendment of Constitutions in Europe III. EDUCATION; IV. HISTORY OF RELIGIONS. and America. By Charles Borgeaud ; trans. by Chas. A large corps of able lecturers. For programme with full D. Hazen ; with Introduction by John M. Vincent. 12mo, particulars apply to S. BURNS WESTON, 1305 Arch Street, uncut, pp. 353. Macmillan & Co. $2. Philadelphia, Pa. 99 803 [May 16, 1895. THE DIAL pp., $4.00. ENGLISH. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.'S Pancoast's Introduction to English Literature. Critical and Historical. 16mo, 475 pp., $1.25. NEW BOOKS. The Nation. The style is interesting, the conception broad and clear, the biographical details nicely subordinated to matters more im- portant; . . . not even the dullest pupil can study it without feeling the historical and logical continuity of English Literature." The Mississippi Basin. Lounsbury's History of the English Language. New Edition from New Plates. Enlarged about one-third, The struggle in America between England and France, xiv. +505 pp., 12mo, $1.12. 1697-1763. With full Cartographical Illustrations A separate edition of Part I. will be ready in July. from Contemporary Sources. By Justin WINSOR, Baker's Specimens of Argumentation. (Modern.) author of “Cartier to Frontenac," “ Christopher Co- Boards, 50 cts. lumbus," etc. 8vo, gilt top, $4.00. Lamont's Specimens of Exposition. Boards, 50 cts. This volume takes up the story of American exploration Baldwin's Specimens of Description. (Ready in where Dr. Winsor left it in his “Cartier to Frontenac." It July.) traces the counter movements of the English and French, in Brewster's Specimens of Narrative. (Ready in Sep- adventure, trade, and war, for the possession of the Great tember.) Valley. SCIENCE. Letters of Celia Thaxter. McMurrich's Invertebrate Morphology. vi.+661 Edited by A. F. and R. L. With four portraits. C. 0. Whitman, University of Chicago.—“It is a pleasure and a re Handsomely printed on the best paper, and carefully lief at last to see a book of this kind, . .. a thoroughly first-class work, which we can conscientiously recommend to our University classes." bound, cloth, gilt top, uncut front and bottom, each Kerner & Oliver's Natural History of Plants. volume bearing a statement that it is a copy of the With 1,000 original cuts and 16 colored plates. Imperial First Limited Edition. A few copies have been bound Svo, in 2 vols. of 2 Parts each. $7.50 a volume, net. entirely uncut, with paper label,-—making a most de- A survey, at once popular and thoroughly scientific, of the whole sirable volume for collectors or for the purpose of range of vegetable life, of how plants obtain their food and build it up into tissue, of how they grow, adapt themselves to their environment, extension. 12mo, $1.50. reproduce, and die. A book of singular literary and personal charm, produced Hertwig's General Principles of Zoölogy. in a unique and exceedingly attractive style. Authorized Translation of the "general” portion of Hert- wig's Lehrbuch der Zoologie, by Prof. G. W. Field. (Ready Selected Essays by James in August.) Comprises a review of the history of zoology with special attention to Darmesteter. the doctrine of evolution, a survey of the broader aspects of animal tissues and organs, and their embryology, etc. A text-book for college Translated from the French by HELEN JASTROW. classes, but intelligible to the general reader. Edited, with an Introduction, by Prof. MORRIS Jas- Williams's Geological Biology. (Ready in July.) An introduction to the history of organisms, with special TROW, JR., of the University of Pennsylvania. With reference to the theory of evolution and the method of a portrait. 12mo, $1.50. studying the geological evidence bearing on it. A book of great interest on religious and Oriental subjects Paulsen's Introduction to Philosophy. by one of the foremost scholars of modern France. Authorized Translation by Prof. FRANK THILLY. With introduction by Prof. WILLIAM JAMES. (Ready in July.) | Ten New Ten New England Blossoms and Not a history of philosophy, but a beginner's guide to the study of the great problems of thought and the principal solutions proposed by their Insect Visitors. the world's thinkers. GERMAN. By CLARENCE M. WEED, Professor in the New Hamp- shire Agricultural College. With Illustrations. Thomas's German Grammar. For Schools and Colleges. By CALVIN THOMAS, Professor Square 12mo, $1.25. in University of Michigan. Ready in August.) A book of ten popular and delightful essays on certain blos- Part I. is a drill book for beginners, with abundant exer- soms and the visitors they attract. cises which are colloquial, connected, and interesting. Part II. is a reference grammar for students of literature. Winterborough. Bronson's German Prose and Poetry. For Early Reading. Stories by GRIMM, ANDERSEN, and By ELIZA ORNE WHITE, author of “When Molly HAUFF, including his Karawane, and poems by various au- was Six," etc. Riverside Paper Series. 16mo, 50 thors. With Notes and Vocabulary. xvi.+600 pp. 16mo, cents. $1.25. A most exceptional book. It is a New England tale, but Harris's German Reader. its originality is its strong feature. The humor and the For Beginners. By Professor CHARLES HARRIS of Adelbert. kindly but keen philosophy of Winterborough' are admir- (Ready in August.) able."— Philadelphia Telegraph. Von Klenze's Deutsche Gedichte. The best German lyrics and ballads from about fifty poets. With 8 full-page portraits. xiii. +321 pp. 16mo, 90 cts. A Century of Charades. Nichol's Three German Tales. By William BELLAMY. Fifth thousand. $1.00. Goethe's Die Neue Melusine, Zschokke's Der Tote Gast, This delightful little book of a hundred original and ex- Kleist's Die Verlobung in St. Domingo. ix. +206+20 pp. tremely clever charades has created a genuine furore where 16mo, 60 cts. it has become known. Mr. Henry A. Clapp, the well-known Scheffel's Trompeter. VON SAKKINGEN. (FROST. ) Shakespeare lecturer, pronounces it "the cleverest work of xxii.+284 pp. Illustrated. its kind known to English literature." For books ordered sent by mail, 10 per cent must be added to corer postage. Sold by all booksellers. Sent, postpaid, by HENRY HOLT & CO., NEW YORK. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON. . THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. 051 D54 v.18 no.216 June 16, 1895 Library UNIVERSITY THE DIAD THE A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY | Volume XVIII. FRANCIS F. BROWNE. No. 216. CHICAGO, JUNE 16, 1895. 10 cts. a copy.) 315 WABASH AVE. $2. a year. S Opposite Auditorium. FOUR IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS Churches and Castles of Mediæval France. By WALTER CRANSTON LARNED. With 24 full-page With 24 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, $1.50. “ A delightful volume. Apart from the interest of the illustrations and the charm of the descriptions, apart from the pleasure and profit of the historic events crystallized about these monuments, there is another reason for the being of this book, one which Mr. Larned has very much at heart. He shows how interesting and how meaning is the patriotic piety with which the French people preserve their beautiful mediæval build- ings. Mr. Larned's style is simple and graceful: he gives much well chosen and well combined information." - New York Evangelist. “A beautiful volume. It is the record of the impressions of the great monuments of France made upon a traveler of rare and cultivated taste. The fidelity with which Mr. Larned has sought out the historical associations of these monuments deserves special mention. 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Vol. XVIII. tion,—this is one of the most desirable of pos- sessions ; for it betokens a well-ordered imag- ination, a just balance of the intellectual and CONTENTS. emotional elements of the inner life, a capacity for the highest of all possible artistic satisfac- TOUCHSTONES OF CRITICISM tions. A clever simulation of this attitude is COMMUNICATION 337 sometimes encountered, but it cannot long de- Shakespearian Plays at Chicago Theatres. ceive the elect. It is sure to unmask itself in W. M. P. relations of anything like intimacy, to fall back BARRAS'S MEMOIRS. E. G. J. 338 upon pilfered formulas obviously hollow as far as the one who flaunts them is concerned, to be ENGLISH SEAMEN IN THE SIXTEENTH CEN- TURY. W. H. Carruth 341 caught napping when some peculiarly vital point is at issue, to betray by some trick of in- DISCUSSIONS OF LABOR PROBLEMS. Edward tonation, or gesture, or facial expression, the W. Bemis 342 Mr. and Mrs. Webb's History of Trade Unionism.- insincerity of the pretended appreciation. Jones's Coöperative Production. - Hobson's The Yet even this pretence of comprehension is Evolution of Modern Capitalism.-Rae's Eight Hours not always to be condemned. If it be made for Work. – Brentano's Hours, Wages, and Produc- tion, merely for the sake of conventionality, not much may be urged in its favor; but if it re- A DICTIONARY OF NAMES. Melville B. Anderson 344 sult from the humility of a judgment confident BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 348 that the estimates reinforced by successive gen- The study of English lyric poetry. - Essays in Æs- erations must somehow be right, from the con- thetics. — The small black peoples of the world. Memoirs of an aide-de-camp of Napoleon.-A delight- viction that failure to perceive all the beauty ful edition of the" Faerie Queene.”—Irish fairy and that a clearer vision has discerned must be at- ghost tales.- Letters of Celia Thaxter.— Mediæval tributable to one's own spiritual defect, and architecture in France.- Literary martyrs.- A con- densed life of Bisniarck.- A life-study of Mr. Glad- from the determination to assume the proper stone. The stirring life of an English soldier. initial attitude and patiently wait for enlight- BRIEFER MENTION 351 enment to come, then it is hardly chargeable with hypocrisy, and merits sympathy rather LITERARY NOTES 352 than disdain. In such a case, we aver, at least, TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 353 the attitude in question is more becoming, to LIST OF NEW BOOKS say nothing of its being more hopeful, than that 353 of the out-and-out Philistine, who raises bis stri- dent battle-cry to some such effect as this—_" I TOUCHSTONES OF CRITICISM. don't know anything about poetry, but I know what I like" – and then proceeds to descant We believe it was Emerson who once •said upon the beauties of, let us say, Sir Lewis that he was always glad to meet people who Morris or Mr. James Whitcomb Riley. This recognized the immeasurable superiority of sort of outburst is familiar enough to everyone Shakespeare over other poets. The feeling has who unwisely speaks of literature in the pres- doubtless been cherished by many a reader be ence of people who get their intellectual sus- sides ; for, after all, what test of the sane out tenance from the sensational periodical of look upon life, the deep sympathy with its man- monthly or daily publication, or from the pa- ifold phases, the discriminative faculty that per-covered fiction of the newstand, and polite- knows the ring of the precious metal from the ness usually forbids the only sort of reply that base not in literature alone, could be equal to is adequate to the occasion. The advice needed this ? To know the great poets, and to be sure by a person of this type is, in Mr. Frederic that they are the great poets, not from mere Harrison's phrase, that “ he should fall on his passive acceptance of the traditional appraise- knees and pray for a cleanlier and quieter ment, but from reasoned and sincere convic-spirit,” but it must be left unspoken, and a . 336 [June 16, THE DIAL smile of pity is the only permissible substitute. decadence or degeneracy, and that approved Undoubtedly the best general evidence that literature provides an almost infallible touch- one is possessed of the cleanly and quiet spirit stone by which to test the value of the litera- to which Mr. Harrison so feelingly alludes is ture yet on trial. The best criticism is that afforded by a real pleasure in the accepted mas which we get from those writers whose knowl- terpieces of literary art, or at least in a consid edge of the great poets is widest, and whose erable number of them. The reader whose joy sense of their excellence is most unfailing. To in Shakespeare and Dante, in Virgil and Ten narrow this suggested method from the general nyson, in Homer and Shelley, in Goethe and to the particular, we may say that Matthew Cervantes, is genuine and perennial, is entitled Arnold's plan of keeping within memory's to feel some confidence in his judgment of the reach a few carefully-selected examples of fault- moderns, as yet unclassified and unranked ; to less diction, for purposes of comparison, is him, literature is no trackless forest, but a fa hardly to be improved upon. Arnold was en- miliar well-travelled highway, provided with tirely right in saying that to recognize the sign-posts and landmarks. The great names grand style” by this sort of touchstone we do of literature are touchstones which teach us not need to be able to define it, and he might unerringly to know the good from the meretri have added that no kind of a definition would cious, even among the slightest productions of help anyone to recognize it who, when brought the hour. For it is a mistake to assume that into its presence, could remain unconscious because the major poet is so immeasurably re thereof. What he says of the “grand style” is moved from the minor poet each must be judged equally applicable to the other types of style by the standards of his own class. The hope which literature embodies. Symonds suggested less confusion of perspective that results from a similar test of lyric excellence when he said this assumption is only too familiar to readers that “ a genuine liking for • Prometheus Un. of current criticism. How often do we find bound' may be reckoned the touchstone of a some insignificant poetaster of the day charac man's capacity for understanding lyric poetry.” terized in terms that would give us pause were And as Arnold tells us that the reader who they applied to one of the master-singers of the does not intuitively recognize the "grand style' world. How many new poets “ new poets ” have been in Milton's "Standing on earth, not rapt above noisily heralded during the last twenty years, the pole,” etc., can expect no other answer than only to be consigned to forgetfulness a few " the Gospel words : Moriemini in peccatis months later. These critical extravagances are vestris,” so Symonds tells us that “ if a critic extremely unfortunate, for they bewilder the is so dull as to ask what • Light of Life! thy seeker after the beautiful, leading him into lips enkindle' means, or to whom it is addressed, many a will-o'-the-wisp-haunted morass, besides none can help him any more than one can help tending to bring all criticism into disrepute. a man whose sense of hearing is too gross for They are probably responsible in large measure the tenuity of a bat's cry." for the amazing opinion, to which recent years Perhaps a word may be said, in closing, of have given considerable currency, that criticism another sort of touchstone, one having no objec- has no business to be anything more than a sub- tive value to speak of, yet subjectively of con- jective record of the critic's impressions, an un siderable interest to many of us. There are reasoned enumeration of his likes and dislikes. several pretty tales going about of life-long But however prevalent such an opinion may ay friendships formed and cemented by a common become among the superficially-minded, gen. love for Fitzgerald's love for Fitzgerald's “Omar." Akin to these nine criticism, based upon the fundamental in their suggestion is the beautiful story of the principles of art, is not likely to abdicate its Sicilians and their love for Euripides, the story function, any more than genuine economics is which Browning has immortalized in the first likely to abandon its scientific and rational pro- adventure of Balaustion. Almost everyone who cedure because of the subjective semi-emotional is widely read in literature takes to his heart discussion that now in so many quarters usurps of hearts some poet, as often as not of inferior its name. And whatever the special method rank, whose message is yet' of such a nature as that criticism may choose to pursue, it will to make the strongest possible appeal to the never forget that literary art exists, that its individual idiosyncrasy. Such a poet becomes, fundamentals have the sanction of the centuries, to the one whose heart he has reached, a sort that any marked departure from those funda- of touchstone to be applied to the rest of man- mentals is almost sure to be an indication of kind, a test of the sympathies that must under- 1895.] 337 THE DIAL ac- lie real intimacy. But it should not be for have been produced at one or another of the Chicago gotten that this personal appeal to a few indi theatres since 1875. Some of the performances have viduals here and there does not warrant them left much to be desired, have been anything but Shake- spearian in spirit, and have made all sorts of conces- in reckoning their poet among the great singers sions to the vulgar taste of the groundlings; but from of the world. We should not confuse the sub the poorest of them all I have got something that I jective standards of criticism with the objective could not get, probably because of defective powers of ones, strong as is the temptation so to do. imagination, from mere reading of the text. My first play was “ Hamlet,” Booth's “Hamlet,” Even the sanest and most experienced critics which at once became for me, and remained, the type, do not always escape this confusion. Victor although I was afterwards forced to recognize a greater Hugo, for example, means a great deal to Mr. degree of subtlety and tender feeling in Mr. Irving's Swinburne personally, and so Mr. Swinburne, presentation of the Dane. McCullough's “Othello,” presumably writing what he intends for objec. though a new revelation awaited me from Sig. Salvini. likewise, first made me know and love the Moor, al- tive criticism, bestows deplorably extravagant But nothing need here be said of these plays, or of praises upon the poet. On the other hand, “Romeo and Juliet,” “The Merchant of Venice,” “ As Matthew Arnold, not liking some things about You Like It,” “ Twelfth Night,” “King Lear,” “ Mac- Shelley, is impelled to register the opinion that betb," “ Julius Cæsar,” “Much Ado about Nothing,” or “Richard III.” All eleven of these may be seen his prose is better than his poetry. It is hard almost yearly, if one will, in any of our larger cities. to say which of these two vagaries is the more To Mr. Daly's admirable company I owe my first, and, disheartening. If such men are capable of such indeed, my only acquaintance with “ Love's Labour lapses, what may we hope of lesser critics? Lost” and “The Taming of the Shrew." Mme. Mod- jeska won my lasting gratitude by making me One thing, at least, is clear. It cannot be as- quainted with “ The Two Gentlemen of Verona " and serted too frequently or too insistently that the « Measure for Measure.” Most theatre-goers have seen likes or the dislikes of a critic have nothing to Messrs. Robson and Crane in “ The Comedy of Errors,” do with criticism, if the term is to be taken and some in “The Merry Wives of Windsor.” To the intelligibly. The argument, “ This work is memory of Adelaide Neilson thanks are due for my first“ Cymbeline,” as well as for other gracious Shake- good because I like it, and this other work is spearian gifts. Miss Mary Anderson's Hermione and not good because I dislike it,” is nothing more Perdita in “ The Winter's Tale ” will always remain than childish dogmatism, and quickly leads to fragrant in the recollection. “ Henry VIII.” has been some such reductio ad absurdum as has been occasionally given, for the sake of Katharine, by Mme. illustrated. In any objective sense, no merely Dream” was, like “The Tempest,” produced by the Modjeska and others. “ The Midsummer Night's personal preference, however strongly felt, is enterprise of Mr. McVicker as a summer play. “Cor- to be reckoned among the touchstones of gen. iolanus " I have seen only once, but that once was in uine criticism. Sig. Salvini's superb portrayal. Once, likewise, have I seen “ Richard II.,” but I shall not easily forget the occasion, since the performance was interrupted by a half-demented wretch in the gallery, who fired three COMMUNICATION. pistol-shots at Edwin Booth, rudely breaking in upon the fine soliloquy of the King in the fifth act. My SHAKESPEARIAN PLAYS AT CHICAGO twenty-fifth play, added to the list only a few weeks THEATRES. ago, was a spirited performance of “Henry IV.,” Part (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) 1, the leading parts taken by Messrs. Warde and James. A remark made by Mr. T. R. Sullivan in “The At- And now, looking over the names of the remaining lantic Monthly" for May, to the effect that Shake- plays, I fear that I must remain content with what I have seen. speare's “ Tempest” has not been played these forty I still have some hopes of “ Antony and years, brought to mind a performance of that supreme Cleopatra” and of “ Henry V.” Recent news from romantic achievement witnessed by me in Chicago six London indicates that “ All's Well that Ends Well” years ago. In the summer of 1889, the veteran actor may also be among the possibilities of the future, and the and manager, Mr. J. H: McVicker, put upon the boards newspapers now report Mr. Mansfield as contemplating of his theatre a somewhat spectacular, but, on the whole, a production of “Timon of Athens.” Even “John” is not inadequate version of “The Tempest"; and the suc- not absolutely outside the range of things that may cess of the production is attested by the fact that it ran happen. But with “ Henry VI.," Parts 1, 2, and 3, -if I recollect aright-nightly for several weeks. With with “ Henry IV.," Part 2, and with “ Titus Andron- this recollection it occurred to me that some people icus,” and “Troilus and Cressida,” the case, I fear, is might possibly be interested to know what opportuni- hopeless. Possible new sensations of the first rank are ties have been offered an ardent Shakespearian, living closely limited to four or five; I must henceforth be in the great lakeside city, to witness stage performances satisfied with those new sensations of the second rank of the Master during the past score of years. Through- that may come from more adequate presentations of the out that period, I have never missed an opportunity to old plays than I have yet seen, or from more sympa- see a.new play of Shakespeare; and I find, somewhat thetic delineations of the old characters than have yet to my astonishment, that no less than twenty-five of the been brought to my attention. W. M. P. thirty-six plays included in the first and second folios Chicago, June 8, 1895. 338 [June 16, THE DIAL instance, we find him covertly bragging of his The New Books. pedigree; of his ancestral parchments ; of the Provençal proverb, Nobles comme les Barras, BARRAS'S MEMOIRS.* aussi anciens que nos rochers; while later on Amid the general chorus of exaltation of contempt of his caste, and proudly recording he is constantly flaunting his Jacobinism, his the genius and works of the first Napoleon, the that, at the various siftings and purgings of the long awaited “ Memoirs of Barras” sound a Jacobin Club, no taint of incivism was ever sharply discordant note. It is well known found to attach to the name of citizen Barras. that the ex-Director and titular commandant One may add here that it was the hand of cit- of the 13th Vendemiaire came to cordially hate izen Barras that, after the 9th Thermidor, the man he had lifted from the squalid obscu- closed the doors of the Jacobins forever. rity of his earlier life; and if any further proof Yet, as M. Duruy admits, Barras was not to- of the fact were needed it is to be found in tally bad. That he had no small measure of both abundance in these volumes. Barras died in 1829. The last ten years of his life were spent vulpine order, certainly) his own record, at- courage and capacity (the latter of a rather mainly in preparing the materials for his Mem- tested by history, shows. If he was a Terror- oirs; and these documents he bequeathed to ist, he was not cruel ; if he guillotined his neigh- his friend, M. Rousselin de Saint-Albin, as to a congenial spirit who could be trusted to carry lotining him ; if he outranted in his levelling bor, it was to prevent that neighbor from guil- out editorially, and even to further, his cherished zeal the simon-pure sans-culottes of the gut- design of dwarfing and blackening the fame of the Corsican upstart. By a strange irony of ters, it was to gloss over the perilous fact that he was himself a sans-culotte of the salons ; if fate these venom-laden writings, after lying un- he was a trimmer, he could strike, as his ene- printed for near half a century (their successive mies learned on the 9th Thermidor, the 13th custodians shirking the risk of launching such Vendemiaire, the 12th Germinal, etc., occa- a“ nestful of libel suits”)t, have fallen finally sions on which he clearly regarded himself into the hands of an editor who is an ardent afterwards as the providential man. Profligate, admirer of Napoleon, M. George Duruy, who venal, self-centred, a rancorous hater and a fair- now hands them over to the public, with any- weather friend, an aristocrat at heart and a thing but a benison on their author. Admit- ting rather grudgingly the general interest and demagogue by calling, a relentless shedder of blood on occasion, yet less cruel than even the rare piquancy of the Memoirs, M. Duruy an- best of his colleagues,—such we believe to have grily brands Barras's account of Napoleon as been in the main this most refined, most epi- largely a tissue of lies; and it must be owned curean, most ancien régime of the Montagnards, that the character of the Jacobinical Vicomte and most wildly revolutionary among the nobles was not such as to inspire confidence in his in the Convention. veracity. Barras was corrupt, self-seeking, and vain. There are passages in his book While the Memoirs (thus far, at least) can which stamp him as that meanest of black hardly be said to add much to our stock of serious historical knowledge, the chance anec- guards, the “ lady-killer” who gratifies his van- ity or wreaks his spite by betraying the names dotes and pen-pictures of famous people with of his victims. Politically, he was, as Taine which they abound are of rare freshness and says, a condottiere open to the highest bidder. piquancy. Most of them, even where the re- Aristocrat by birth and sans-culotte by trade, impress of truth. A notable sketch is that of lator's malice peeps out, bear an unmistakable he exploited the Revolution to his own profit; Robespierre, to whom Barras, shortly after his and by adroitly trimming his sails at the right junctures he was borne prosperously on by South of France, paid, with Fréron, a concil. “pacificatory” mission of fire and sword to the storms which wrecked many a better and cleaner man. His real lack of political ideals is naively iatory visit. Barras had been charged with betrayed in the Memoirs. At the outset, for thieving while on mission ; and hence had good reason to dread the encounter. The reception * MEMOIRS OF BARRAS, Member of the Directorate. Ed. of the two deputies by the “ incorruptible” one ited, with Introduction, etc., by George Duruy. In four vol- umes, illustrated. Volumes I. and II. New York: Harper & was alarming enough—plainly a shadow of com- Brothers. ing events. | Under the French law, action may be brought by descend * Robespierre was standing, wrapped in a sort of chem- ants for libel on ancestors. ise-peignoir; he had just left the hands of his hair- 1895.] 339 THE DIAL dresser, who had finished combing and powdering his by the old route, past Robespierre's house, that hair; he was without the spectacles he usually wore in Danton's dying prophecy might be fulfilled ; public, and piercing through the powder covering that face, already so white in its natural pallor, we could see and it was he who gave to Sanson the grimly « Let a pair of eyes whose dimness the glasses had until then grotesque directions as to the burial. screened from us. These eyes fastened themselves on the bodies,” he said, “ be thrown into the grave us with a fixed stare expressive of astonishment at our of the Capets! Louis XVI. was better than appearance. We saluted him in the simple fashion of the period. He showed no recognition of our courtesy, they. It will be some more royalty for Robes- going by turns to his toilette-glass hanging to a window pierre, for it would seem that he too had a taste looking out on a court-yard, and then to a little mirror, for it.” From the windows of the Committee intended, doubtless, as an ornament to his mantel-piece; of Public Safety, Barras, breathing freer as the taking his toilette-knife, he began scraping off the pow- end approached, saw the carts containing the der, mindful of observing the outlines of his carefully dressed hair; then doffing his peignoir, he flung it on a doomed men wend their way by the Rue Saint- chair close to us so as to soil our clothes, without apol- Honoré to the place of execution. ogizing to us for his action, and without even appearing “ The immense throng obstructed the streets and was to notice our presence. He washed himself in a sort of an obstacle to the rapid progress of the procession, but basin which he held in one hand, cleaned his teeth, re the prevailing feeling was not only one of unanimous peatedly spat on the ground right at our feet, without rejoicing, but of deliverance, and yet this feeling did so much as heeding us, and in almost as direct a fashion not venture to break out in words and escape from hearts as Potemkin, who, it is known, did not take the trouble so long oppressed until it had become a recorded fact of turning the other way, but who, without warning or that the head of Robespierre had really fallen on the precaution, was wont to spit in the faces of those stand Place de la Révolution. The baskets of the executioner ing before him. This ceremony over, Robespierre did were then carried away to the cemetery of the Made- not even then address a single word to us. . . . I in leine, and interred in the place designated as the tombe formed him politely that our visit to him was prompted capétienne. . . . The terrible Robespierre was at last by the esteem in which we held his political principles; launched into the eternal night, and slept side by side he did not deign replying to me by a single word, nor with Louis XVI." did his face reveal the trace of any emotion whatever. The terrible Robespierre, yes; but was he the I have never seen anything so impassible in the frigid marble of statuary or in the face of the dead. . . . Such mere monster of blood and crime that Barras was our interview with Robespierre. I cannot call it a depicts ? Or was he, rather, as some hold, the conversation, for his lips never parted; tightly closed pure, if visionary, patriot bent on achieving as they were, he pursed them tighter; from them, I no- his Utopia, on purging the new-born Republic ticed, oozed a bilious froth, boding no good. I bad seen all I wanted, for I had had a view of what has been of “ that vermin which had fastened on its most accurately described as the tiger-cat.” body"; of scoundrels like Tallien; Fouché, 66 whose atrocious face was less so than his This meeting was, of course, the prelude to the death-struggle of the 9th Thermidor, of soul ”; Carrier, “ that bloodthirsty satrap"; which and the swift dénouement Barras gives a Courtois, “thief and forger"; "the drunken detailed and most dramatic description. After Fréron and his dissolute accomplice Barras,”- the parliamentary defeat of Robespierre on that all of them men whose hands were, as Robes- day, his arrest, imprisonment, and rescue by There are many, like M. Duruy and M. Ernest pierre said, “ full of plunder and blood ” ? the Commune, it was Barras who headed the Hamel, who will see in the issue of the Ther- troops of the Convention detailed to re-arrest him at the Hôtel-de-Ville. The scene within midorian struggle, not the overthrow of a tyrant, but the defeat of an honest zealot at the hands was tragic enough. of the knaves he had determined to strike. The “ Robespierre bad shattered his jaw with one of the two pistols carried by Le Bas, who had blown his brains question is an open one. For our own part, out with the other. Couthon was hiding under a table, we believe Robespierre to have been a danger- and Robespierre in a little room, by the door of which ous, if well-intentioned, fanatic, the purest type Le Bas lay. Saint Just was ministering to Robespierre. in history of his kind, who rose to the top by Henriot was crouching in a closet. ... One of the sur- geons having placed on a table the teeth which had fallen virtue of being the most fanatical man in France from Robespierre's mouth during his examination of it, at a time when fanaticism was the order of the a gunner who was on duty pounced on them, and, ad- day. The far abler Saint-Just was his counter- dressing Robespierre, exclaimed, • You scoundrel, I will part. In Danton, Barras rightly sees the real keep them as a monument of execration !'” hero of the period – “ the most magnificent It was Barras who hurried the details of the and grandest Revolutionist who ever breathed.” execution of his fallen foes -- spurring on to Marat was, he says, Republican, “ but with an his duty the, for once, reluctant and wavering ardor over-stepping the bounds of moderation Fouquier-Tinville ; it was Barras who insisted the slightest color of a speech contrary to the that the tumbrels should pass to the scaffold | principles of equality and liberty inspired him 340 (June 16, THE DIAL with the most violent suspicions.” That the but that he exploited it to push his own affairs, “peoples' friend” could be easy with his foes and to curry favor. “ As he perpetually had the following incident shows. something to ask of me,” says Barras, “he “The mob had seized upon a man wearing a black thought to appear less of a petitioner by getting coat, with the powdered and curled hair of the old régime. her to do the soliciting.” One of these begging • To the lamp-post with the aristocrat !' was being re- peated on all sides. He was about to be strung up interviews, he continues, " lasted longer than suited me. when Marat, pushing his way through the crowd, said, " What is it you are going to do with so pitiful an aris “... Straining me to her bosom, she upbraided me tocrat? I know the fellow.' With that he seized the for no longer loving her, again and again saying to me man, and, giving him a kick in the proper place, said, that I was the man whom she had loved more than any • Take that! There's a lesson will teach you to behave other, and that she could not tear herself away from me better!' The mob clapped its hands, and the aristocrat - just as she was about to become the wife of the little ran off as fast as his legs would carry him.” general.'” Barras draws a striking portrait of Saint Proceeding with his “confession,” this chiv- Just, as he appeared in the tribune when read alrous gentleman charges his petitioner with ing the report that sent Danton to the scaffold. assuming toward him the role of Potiphar's “Phlegmatic, and in his sententious tone, he recites wife, adding (rather unnecessarily), “ I should, this incredible theme, holding the manuscript in a hand nevertheless, be lying did I pretend to have that remains motionless, while the other makes but one been so cruel as the young minister of Pha- gesture, inexorable and from which there is no appeal raoh.” We should have spared the reader these -a gesture like unto the very knife of the guillotine.' unsavory details, were they not essential to a Barras's treatment of women in his Memoirs proper estimate of the Memoirs and the mem- is mostly malicious, and sometimes infamous. oirist. * As to Mme. de Staël, he declares (with his The evidences of Barras's hatred of the Em- usual abominable innuendo): peror are freely sown throughout the volumes. “I never really knew to which sex she belonged. The virility of her form, face, and carriage, her He patronizes, sneers at, and reviles him by manner of wearing her clothes, the strength of her in- turns ; jeers at his poverty, his shabby clothes, tellectual conceptions, her exuberant vigor and energy, his diminutive size (“puss-in-boots,” is one of - all, in short, would have led me to believe that she his nicknames), and affects to regard the “ Na- belonged rather to our sex than the other, had she not poleon legend” as rooted in the silly cult of a given indubitable proofs of her own by several acts of few " maternity.” grognards.” He does not hesitate to Solely, as we believe, to strike at Napo- morally to the infamous Marquis de Sade, the liken him physically to the hideous Marat, and leon, it is upon the unhappy Josephine that list of whose bestialities a nicer historian would our virtuoso of insult launches the full tide hesitate to touch with the tongs. Barras cer- of his malice-crushing, as it were, with his tainly played a brilliant and honorable part at the brutal fist the delicate petals of this frail and siege of Toulon and on the 13th Vendemiaire ; lovely tropical flower. It must be owned that Josephine's indiscretions gave matter enough and he is at great pains to belittle Napoleon's role on both these occasions. At Toulon this for grievous discoveries. But Barras paints role is summed up in three blunders ; while on her as a mere vulgar Messalina 6 lewd the 13th Vendemiaire, Barras repeatedly as- Creole " whose most catholic tastes knew po distinction of rank, of character, or even of serts, “ Bonaparte was neither more nor less than my aide-de-camp. aide-de-camp.” Very malicious, very color ; as the known mistress of himself, of racy, and doubtless largely true, is our Ther- Hoche, of Hoche's hostler; as a sordid strum- sites's account of the Bonaparte family—shady pet who “ would have drunk gold from the skull of her lover"; as an invalided coquette, adventurers of the “ dead-beat" order, driven out of Corsica, and lighting first on Antibes, precociously decrepit from her excesses, deriv- where they lived on money begged, borrowed, ing “none of her attractions from nature, but or stolen, and barely sufficient " to provide them everything from art — the most refined, the with a mattress which they shared in common, most provident, the most finished art ever called and a cauldron wherein to boil vegetables, and into requisition in the exercise of their profes- out of which they all ate together.” Strange sion by the harlots of Greece and Rome.” indeed seem to have been the shifts to which Confessing” (with a fine, grand-gentleman show of “modesty ") his own liaison with Jose * Some notion of Barras's repute with his contemporaries may be formed from the fact that there was issued in his life- phine, Barras avers, not only that Napoleon, time a three-volume work entitled " Amours du Vicomte de when expectant bridegroom, was aware of it, Barras." Barras rather boasts of it. a 1895.] 341 THE DIAL .. E. G. J. these Corsican shorn lambs by choice resorted : Froude has also gone beyond the programme of to posing as refugees ; to begging military ra the lecture quoted, and endeavored to introduce tions, on the plea of a relative in the artillery ; something of that science which he there denies in short, to trading on everything dishonora to History. These lectures attempt to explain bly trafficable — even on “ the budding allure the English Navy. And the attempt seems ments of the young ladies.” We are far from plausibly successful. The explanation is, in meaning to imply an opinion that Barras's nar brief, that the English Navy, which defeated rative is mainly false, and therefore valueless the Armada and established the imperishable as serious history. We repeat that much of it renown of English seamen, grew out of piracy bears the unmistakable impress of truth. It is encouraged by self-preservation and revenge the personal side of the Memoirs, the anecdotes, for religious persecutions. To quote the lec- bits of genre-painting and portraiture, that lend turer's own words : them their peculiar interest, and explain the “ The English sea-power was the legitimate child of sensation they have excited in France and the the Reformation. Matthew Parker and Bishop Jewel, impatience with which the closing volumes are the judicious Hooker himself, excellent men as they awaited. The work is handsomely mounted, were, would have written and preached to small pur- pose without Sir Francis Drake's cannon to play an ac- and the portraits, though few, are from rare companiment to their teaching” (p. 3). . . . "The Pro- originals and of singular interest. testants revenged their injuries [at the hands of the Inquisition) at their own risk and in their own way, and thus from Edward VI.'s time to the end of the century privateering came to be the special occupation of ad- venturous, honorable gentlemen, who could serve God, ENGLISH SEAMEN IN THE SIXTEENTH their country, and themselves, in fighting Catholics” CENTURY.* (p. 18). · “ It was a wild business : enterprise and In his address on “ The Science of History,” buccaneering sanctified by religion and hatred of cruelty; delivered in 1864, Mr. Froude demanded of but it was a school for the building of vessels which could outsail all others on the sea ” (p. 21). history that it match itself with the drama: One tone which Mr. Froude struck in the “ There are periods the history of which may be so written that the actors shall reveal their characters in overture of 1864 has almost died out of this their own words; where mind can be seen matched opera of 1894. History is against mind, and the great passions of the epoch not A voice forever sounding across the centuries the laws simply be described as existing, but be exhibited at their of right and wrong. Opinions alter, manners change, white heat in the souls and hearts possessed by them.” creeds rise and fall, but the moral law is written on the In this latest, posthumous volume, the pro- tablets of eternity. For every false word or unright- eous deed, for cruelty and oppression, for lust and van- gramme laid down thirty years before is real- ity, the price has to be paid at last.” ized. The nine lectures of which the book is made contain the exposition, the develop the following sounds like Beaconsfield. Speak- There we hear the disciple of Carlisle. But up ment, and the catastrophe of one of the most picturesque episodes in English history — the ing of Drake's splendid piracies on his trip round the world, he says: defeat of the Spanish Armada ; and the his- torian's method is, as he has proposed, in large occupied with the realities than the forms of things. “In that intensely serious century, men were more measure to let the actors reveal their characters The King of Spain had given Elizabeth a hundred in their own words. Thus, we meet hitherto occasions for declaring war against him. Situated as unpublished letters and memoirs from Father she was, she could not begin a war on such a quarrel. Parsons, the Jesuit general in England, from She had to use such resources as she had, and of these resources the best was a splendid race of men who were Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, Medina not afraid to do for her at their own risk what commis- Sidonia, and others. These are the chief actors. sioned officers would and might have justly done had Mr. Froude's style in these lectures well merits formal war been declared. . . . No doubt by the letter the attributive “ dramatic.” It is more nervous, of the law of nations Drake and Hawkins were corsairs. more direct, more personal, than ever before. But the common sense of Europe saw through the form to the substance which lay below it, and the instinct of True, we are tolerably well acquainted with their countrymen gave them a place among the fight- this epoch. Mr. Froude himself has treated it ing heroes of England” (p. 103). twice, in his “ History of England” and in Quite different is the situation when Fitzwil- “The Spanish Story of the Armada.” Thus liam uses detective arts to discover the Ridolfi we are well prepared for a drama. But Mr. plot against Elizabeth's life: * ENGLISH SEAMEN IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. Loc “ Very treacherous, think some good people. Well, tures delivered at Oxford, Easter Terms, 1893-94. By James there are times when one admires even reachery Anthony Froude. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.! ** (p. 67). 66 99 342 (June 16, THE DIAL 9 66 What a lamentable subtilizing in language is rights which cannot be enforced. It appears to me that this! The Froude of 1864 would at least have the true right to rule in any nation lies with those who are best and bravest, whether their numbers are large examined the premises more carefully before or small ” (p. 148). allowing himself to pronounce such a conclu- If Mr. Froude were only here to answer, one sion. Anent Sir John Hawkins's participation in would like to ask him whether, then, the ele- the slave-trade, after depicting the usual fate phant should rule his keeper ; by what law the officers rule their men, the general his army, of captives in war, Mr. Froude says: the gentle queen her navy; whether best al- “ Las Casas and those who thought as he did are not to be charged with infamous inhumanity if they pro- ways means strongest with their hands. But posed to buy those poor creatures from their captors, it would not be quite fair now. save them from Mumbo Jumbo, and carry them to coun The proof-reader has neglected “rataliated," tries where they would be valuable property, and be at and “Zeeland,” p. 131. (Zealand, p. 61.) least as well cared for as the mules and horses. . It was an experiment. The full consequences could not W. H. CARRUTH. be foreseen, and I cannot see that as an experiment it merits the censure which in its later developments it eventually came to deserve” (p. 38). This is not so surprising from the Englishman DISCUSSIONS OF LABOR PROBLEMS.* who in 1864 thought that “Washington might Decidedly the best history of trade unions that have hesitated to draw the sword against En has appeared in any country is that by Mr. and gland could he have seen the country which he Mrs. Sidney Webb, - the latter already favorably made as we see it now." known in economic literature as Miss Beatrice Pot- Mr. Froude finds the earliest use of the term ter, author of “ The Cooperative Movement in Great • Puritan” in the memorial of Father Parsons Britain.” The only work likely to remain in the field as supplementary, to a large degree, of this already referred to, date 1585. Another inter- new volume is “Social Peace," by Schulze-Gaever- esting item is this : nitz. Many readers, knowing the prominent part • In the Portsmouth fleet lay undeveloped the genius taken by Mr. and Mrs. Webb in the propagandism of the future naval greatness of England. ... The of Socialism of a peaceful evolutionary type, will be watchword on board was "God save the King'; the an- swer was, Long to reign over us': the earliest germ surprised to discover how unbiased is the present discoverable of the English National Anthem” (p. 14). treatment. The study of a movement which, in one century, has grown in Great Britain to include over It is a curious circumstance that a professor one and a half million members, constituting in many at Oxford could say to his audience : “Very trades nearly every skilled worker, deserves all the few of you probably know more of Lope de attention bestowed upon it. This movement, in its Vega than his name comparative freedom from the violence and cor- The strong individuality of the writer per- ruption that weakens some American unions, is a vades these lectures. We get almost as near lesson to our own organizations. Yet the curious to him as though we were in his presence. conservatism and trade selfishness still existing in the English unions form a great barrier to rapid “ An Oxford Church of England education is an ex- progress there. The demand for the state manage- cellent thing, and beautiful characters have been formed ment of industry is becoming more and more gen- in the Catholic universities abroad; but as the elements of dynamite are innocent in themselves, yet when fused eral among English workingmen ; but success in [sic?] together produce effects no one would have actual achievement will evidently be slow so long dreamed of, so Oxford and Rome, when they have run as the English wage-workers retain the quality often together have always generated a somewhat furious mentioned by our authors,— a refusal to remove compound” (p. 108). incompetent officers, due “partly to a generous ob- Mr. Froude makes, as it were, death-bed con- jection to do a man out of his job,' and partly to a fession to the rule of force, in these words : deep-rooted belief that any given piece of work can be done as well by one man as another.” “I have often asked my Radical friends what is to be done if out of every hundred enlightened voters two * HISTORY OF TRADE UNIONISM. By Sidney and Beatrice thirds will give their votes one way, but are afraid to Webb. New York : Longmans, Green, & Co. fight, and the remaining third will not only vote but 'COÖPERATIVE PRODUCTION. By Benjamin Jones. New will fight too if the poll goes against them. Which has York : Macmillan & Co. the right to rule? I can tell them which will rule. THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN CAPITALISM. By John A. The brave and resolute minority will rule. . . . The Hobson, M.A. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. majority must be prepared to assert their Divine Right EIGHT HOURS FOR WORK. By John Rae, M.A. New with their hands, or it will go the way that other Divine York: Macmillan & Co. Rights have gone before. . I will not believe the HOURS, WAGES, AND PRODUCTION. By Lujo Brentano. world to have been so ill constructed that there are New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. (p. 75). 1895.] 343 THE DIAL on We can commend with equal heartiness the work consumptive capacity of the masses. He looks for- on cooperative manufacturing in Great Britain, by ward to a very gradual assumption by society of all Mr. Benjamin Jones. While the general reader, monopolistic and machine production, leaving to the and even the specialist, will desire little more than individual initiative personal and professional sery- to glance hastily over the mass of detailed history ice and handicrafts. He seems to us mistaken in here presented, every student of coöperation will be holding that the growth of population, with a con- greatly interested in the conclusions of this life-long stantly rising standard of material consumption, is leader of the movement. The standpoint is almost likely to prevent any diminution in the proportion precisely that of the more brilliant and less detailed of labor engaged on the soil; rather, the contrary work of Miss Beatrice Potter (now Mrs. Webb) appears to be probable, because as the world grows “ The Coöperative Movement in Great Britain.” wealthier the demand increases for finer and finer After many decades of failure to establish factories finishing of goods rather than an increase propor- wherein the workers should own most of the cap- tionately in the quantity of raw material in their ital, elect some of their number as managers, suc texture; while in the second place, the tendency of cess is beginning to dawn upon an altogether differ- | machinery is to relieve men of the necessity of spend- ent type of productive cooperation—the federalist ing so large a part of his time in gathering the raw method. In this, the capital and managing ability material. Hence, the growth of city life relatively are furnished by the wholesale societies or groups to the country, despite its many evil sides, is an inev- of stores, in other words, by federations of con itable outcome of growing wealth and the power of sumers, who take charge of manufacturing the goods man over nature. Though many will disagree with they need. One-seventh of all the population of parts of Mr. Hobson's analysis, no one interested England and Scotland are entering upon this work. in the problems he treats can afford to overlook his If the other six-sevenths, or even most of them, concise and readable discussion. should join the movement, there would be social Mr. John Rae, in his volume entitled “Eight ownership and management of factories and work- Hours for Work,” reprints his articles of the last shops, at least. Profit-sharing is carefully consid- two or three years on the subject from the “Con- ered in this work, but receives only condemnation ; temporary Review” and the " Economic Journal,” though it is not easy to see how anything urged by with much new matter added. Mr. Rae is an en- Mr. Jones militates against a truly honest profit-thusiastic believer in the increased productiveness sharing plan. In its wide range of facts and careful which comes from the eight-hour day, and gives deductions, Mr. Jones's work deserves to rank as very strong evidence from the history of Australia the most exhaustive, as it is the freshest, book on and the last fifty years in England to show that a the subject. It can hardly be called the most read reduction in hours does not, as many working-men able,—although it would be difficult to present such hold, increase the opportunities for employment. an array of facts in better shape; and the many Mr. Rae holds, with Professor Marshall and other conclusions drawn are sure to interest all. economists, that it is an "economic fallacy which “ The Evolution of Modern Capitalism," by Mr. leads so many persons to think that they will all John A. Hobson, author of “ Problems of Poverty," increase the wealth they individually enjoy by the is the keenest discussion of the effects of machinery diminishing of wealth they individually produce, and upon labor, industrial depressions, women's work, look for a great absorption of the unemployed to wages, and the evolution of the trust, that we have flow from a general restriction of production, the read for a long time. Starting out with a descrip- very thing which in reality would have the opposite tion of the industrial revolution, and the irresistible effect of reducing the demand for labor and throw- tendency of the present age toward the formation ing multitudes out of employment.” This view of monopolies of large capital as well as the monop- is not entirely conclusive, because perfect mobility olies of situation, Mr. Hobson holds that industrial of labor and capital do not prevail so as to allow depressions are caused by an undue proportion of the logic of competiton to work itself out fully. Mr. the wealth of society going into capital goods; that Rae shows that the business interests need not fear is, people, or society as a whole, save too much and a shortening of the hours of work, and favors trade- consume too little of the products of machinery, and union and state activity for securing these hours. devote this saving to forms of machinery which are Professor Brentano, in his small but well-written not properly adjusted to the needs of society. The book on “ Hours, Wages, and Production,” shows chapter on the economy of high wages is the best how in times past the increase of wages, shortening word that has appeared upon the subject; taking of hours, and easier conditions of employment, did neither the exaggerated stand of Schoenhof, nor the not necessarily increase the energy of labor, because too optimistic view of Rae and Brentano, that the the wage-worker had then a stationary standard of higher the wages per day the greater the efficiency living, and when he could satisfy this with fewer comparatively, or that the less the hours the greater days a week or fewer hours a day he worked less ; the day's work. Nevertheless, the author shows how but now, thanks to public education, migration, and the balance of advantage, from a social standpoint, other factors which have increased the wants and lies in shorter hours and an increase in the rational aroused the ambition, increased wages and shorter 344 (June 16, THE DIAL draw : hours seem to be accompanied with increased effi value of which depends upon their absolute accu- ciency of labor. In this book, the author, famous racy. Much depends, to be sure, upon the manner already for his classical but perhaps exaggerated in which the details are grouped and presented; and arguments for trade unionism, has rendered another of this editorial portion of the work I have some- service to the cause of labor. thing to say. Inasmuch as I have been compelled EDWARD W. BEMIS. to draw certain conclusions which it is an unpleas- ant duty to state, and which it may not be pleasant for the editor and some of his staff of “ Eminent Specialists” to hear stated, I shall endeavor to array A DICTIONARY OF NAMES.* my examples in such a way that they may speak The Century Cyclopedia of Names” is well louder than any damaging inferences I may conceived. To throw under one alphabet succinct from them. Nevertheless, my share of these col- descriptions of every interesting thing that has a umns being limited, I am obliged at every point to proper name and of every person of general note select but a few out of the many examples I have or reputation, to make a dictionary of names as accumulated. I have been forced to the conclusion an appendix to a dictionary of words, and to make that the work of preparing this dictionary has been it a separate volume, this is a highly commenda “ rushed” unduly; that many parts of it have been ble undertaking. Its projector and successful ex superficially or carelessly done; that the editor has ecutor might fairly be called a public benefactor. shown himself lacking in the scholarly sense of the The idea has the simplicity which is apt to charac- values and relations of things, which the presiding terize discoveries and reforms, and we should be genius of such a work should possess; and that in grateful to editor and publishers for the faith and consequence the book is deficient in proportion. foresight shown in risking so much upon an enter- The following sentences from the Preface may prise so bold and so original. Considering the rapid suffice to indicate the origin, purpose, and plan of widening of human interests nowadays, and of the this book : fund of human knowledge, - considering, too, the “ This Cyclopedia of Names is an outgrowth of The great number of distinguished people of the pres- Century Dictionary. ... The range of names to be in- ent time who are excluded from consideration here, cluded was practically unrestricted, since the object one is inclined to think that the final form of sought was a general account of all the names ex- cluded, by their nature, from the larger work. . the work will have to be two volumes of this size, The only condition of insertion has been that the name instead of one. More than two would be inconven- should be one about which information would be likely ient as well as costly. Meanwhile, it is only fair to be sought. . . . The space given to persons and to judge the present work for what it is, and to places is relatively much greater than that devoted to make due allowance for the limitations imposed by any other class, and the others follow in what appeared the plan. to be the order of their usefulness to the general reader, The book is printed and bound in the magnificent whose needs have everywhere been considered in the style and form of The Century Dictionary," to selection of the names to be defined.” which it forms in reality a seventh and concluding Among the eminent men of the present time of volume. I have no hesitation in advising every pos- whom no mention is made are the following: sessor of “ The Century Dictionary” to place this Félix Faure, the new President of France, Brisson, volume on the same shelf,— he will take it down the leading candidate in opposition, and Dupuy, the ex- oftener than the other six. And, although he must premier; Dr. Parkhurst, now one of the most celebrated of living Americans; Li Hung Chang, who impressed be prepared for frequent disappointment, and should General Grant as one of the greatest of men; Karl not stake his reputation (if that be dear to him) Hillebrand, perhaps the most cosmopolitan and original upon the accuracy of the information here given, of German essayists; Maurice Maeterlinck, “the Bel. he will often consult the book to good purpose ; for gian Shakespeare” (absurdly so styled); Casimir Périer it does, undeniably, contain an enormous fund of (1811-1876), the more distinguished father of the exact information. French ex-President; the late Sir John Thompson, Pre- Having said so much in perfect good faith, I now mier of Canada, and the Hon. Mackenzie Bowell, his proceed to give some of the results of a critical ex successor; Fukuzawa, the great commoner" of Japan, amination to which, with the kind assistance of one or and the Field Marshal, Count Oyama; Madame Sophie Kovalevski, the mathematician; Alexander Kielland, the two of my colleagues, I have subjected certain de- Norwegian novelist; Carducci, the Italian poet, Far- partments of the work. Such an examination must ina and d'Annunzio, the Italian novelists; Friedrich necessarily be in large part microscopic, inasmuch Nietzsche, the philosopher of individualism; Professor as a book of this kind is, in the last analysis, noth Weismann, from whose name an international word has ing but a vast accumulation of minute details, the been coined; Hérédia, the French poet recently elected * THE CENTURY CYCLOPEDIA OF NAMES. A Pronouncing to the Academy; the leading modern political econo- and Etymological Dictionary of Names in Geography, Biog- mists, Alfred Marshall, Bastable, and Böhm-Bawerk. raphy, Mythology, History, Ethnology, Art, Archæology, This list might be greatly extended without the in- Fiction, etc., etc., etc. Edited by Benjamin E. Smith, A.M., troduction of a single name not conforming to the ed- Managing Editor of the Century Dictionary, assisted by a itor's one condition of insertion, that it be one about number of Eminent Specialists. New York: The Century Co. which information would be likely to be sought.” But 1895.] 345 THE DIAL this list of omitted names, all but one or two of which tesque association, suggests President Jordan of Stan- are famous, and some positively illustrious, is in itself ford University, who is duly noticed, although Presi- sufficient to prove that one cannot be at all confident of dents Harper and Stanley Hall, and Director Holden finding the name of a famous contemporary in this dic (of the Lick Observatory), are passed over. Among tionary. On the other hand, many names, far from American astronomers Holden is not the only one for- famous, are recorded, about whom, for some reason not gotten: Boss, Burnham, Chandler, Hall, and still others, stated, the editor imagines that information “would be are plunged in the “sleepy drench.” Barnard, Gould, likely to be sought." Newcomb, and others, are mentioned. Of the smaller I have taken pains to record in my copy the dates of colleges, some, as Beloit and Emory, find separate men- the deaths of notable people that have occurred since tion; others of equal importance, as Wabash and Knox, this cyclopædia of names went to press. The Preface are omitted. bears date of September 1, 1894, by which time, I pre Among German professors, Professor Wülker of sume, the printing was completed. Th latest death Leipzig is not while Professor Rudolph Hildebrand, that I find recorded here is that of James Strong (Au a more eminent colleague recently deceased, is forgot- gust 7, 1894). The deaths of Dr. Richard Morris and ten. At Berlin, Professor Lazarus is taken and Pro- Prof. Henry Morley, which occurred last May, are also fessor Paulsen is left. Of famous actors of present or recorded. The following are among those of whose recent time at the Théâtre Français, the editor notices lives there is some record here, but whose deaths have Got, Coquelin (père, cadet, and fils), Mounet-Sully, Fa- been too recent to admit of mention: Prof. John Nichol, vart, Brohan, Samary, and others, while omitting the Rev. David Swing, Gen. N. P. Banks, Launt Thomp names of such equally eminent artists as Delaunay, son, G. B. de Rossi, Celia Tbaxter. Concerning the fol Worms, Febvre, Blanche - Baretta, Broisat, Reichem- lowing equally notable people, recently deceased, this berg. Certainly the least of these last is an artist be- dictionary is silent: Mrs. Augusta Webster, F. H. Un side whom Coquelin fils must take a very modest place. derwood, Samuel J. Kirkwood, John Veitch, James The treatment of the subject of pronunciation is often Darmesteter, Mme. Fursch-Madi. It would be inter inadequate. Oftentimes the pronunciation of a name esting to know why the editor supposed G. B. de Rossi about which there can be no possible mistake is duly a name concerning which information would be likely recorded: I: e. g., Black, White, Brown, Gray, Green. No to be looked for, and James Darmesteter not; why he foreigner sufficiently acquainted with English to under- excluded Fursch-Madi and admitted Rosina Vokes ! stand the key to the pronunciation and the system of If George Riddle, the elocutionist, receives notice be notation would need to be told how to pronounce such cause he is an American, why should no mention be made words. Many longer and less familiar names are left of the far more celebrated Hutchinson family of singers ? unpronounced: e.g., Wilibald, Willard, Wollstonecraft. Among American authors of more or less recent note, In one column the pronunciation of the name Bee is we find recorded the names and achievements of C. W. duly given, while that of Beefsteak Club is not given. Balestier, J. B. McMaster, W. H. Gilder, R. E. Thomp Hundreds of similar discrepancies might be cited. son, and Schele De Vere; while among those about Again, when definite information is needed the name is whom the editor has supposed that information would in many cases left unpronounced: e.g., Daircell, Dakiki, not be likely to be sought are Emma Lazarus, Edith Flore et Blanchefleur, Hissarlik, Malevole, Muspilli, Thomas, Agnes Repplier, Professor Woodberry, Bran Romualdo, Strachey, Wilkinasaga. der Matthews, and John Muir. The first and last in Sometimes the information given is of no value, as this list of omitted names have been held by many, from when the two possible pronunciations of the family name Emerson down, to be among the more interesting fig of John Addington Symonds are both given, the one ures in American literature. which this Mr. Symonds did not use being placed first; In the field of recent British literature a similar lack sometimes the marking is positively wrong: e. g., As of any definite system of selection is to be detected. sommoir, Murger, Rouher, the final r being incorrectly Edmund Gosse, Hall Caine, Kipling, W. E. Henley, marked as silent. When a name is repeated, the pro- William Watson, James Thomson (1834–1882), are nunciation is generally figured under the first entry and duly included; but why are Theodore Watts, Churton omitted under the rest: e. g., Wright (eight entries), Collins, Conan Doyle, Rider Haggard, Dean Hole, and but in the cases of some familiar names the marking is Roden Noel left out? If«information would be likely repeated: e.g., Mure, Whitney (six entries, the pronun- to be sought "concerning Edmund Gosse, might not that ciation marked under the first two), Wilkinson (four search haply lead straight to his castigator, Churton entries, the pronunciation marked under the first and Collins ? And why should “the general reader” be last). supposed to crave more information about Dr. Morris The cross-references seem to bave been very care- and Professors Morley and Nichol ("all honorable lessly edited. S. v. “Castle Rackrent,” the reader is men”) than about a really first-rate man like Theodore invited to “See Rackrent,” which is invisible; s.v.“Gar- Watts ? ter," the only remark is “See Garter"; s. v. “ Lammer- Much the same inconsistencies are to be found where muir," no reference is made to Scott's romance; s. v. ever I have chanced to look. Of our “great editors,” “ Vicar of Wakefield,” a wrong date of publication is we find mention of Stead, Reid, Watterson, Dana, J. given, the correct date being given 8. v. “Goldsmith "; G. Bennett, G. A. Townsend, Parke Godwin, and Charles and a like error in the case of the “Nouvelle Héloïse " Emory Smith; but we look in vain for the names of may be corrected by reference to the article “ Rous- E. L. Godkin and Horace White. Passing by an easy If the impatient reader desires information transition from editors to horses, we find, in the inter about the Grand Lama, he will look, if he has learned esting biography of Palo Alto, the statement that his something of the habits of this book, under “Grand." record was lowered by Stamboul, a fact which seems to No entry: turn to “ Lama." Under this word stands entitle the latter to a notice, which, however, is not to the sole and mysterions legend, “See Suahili”; under be found. Palo Alto, by a natural if somewhat gro this, “ See Swahili”; under this, “ See Kisuahili"; this, seau. 346 (June 16, THE DIAL means “ a when found, is kaleidoscoped into Kiswahili, who, or on the other hand, we learn nothing, save that it is a which, with “damnable iteration," invites you to “See story "published in 1847.” In consideration of the cir- Suahili”; if you live to reach her, he will have a fa cumstance that a well-known opera has been based upon miliar look, but it will persist in his admonition to it, a line or two of fine print should have been spared “See” someone else. I have myself seen them all fre for a slight account of the story and its heroine. I could quently without yet being the wiser, and am beginning give scores of similar examples. Space, of course, is to suspect that they are creatures of the imagination of very limited, but a better editor would have made it. one of the “eminent specialists.” In the distribution of space to distinguished names An even more unaccountable circumstance is that of may be found one of the surest criteria of editorial .. the omission of any notice of the famous Comstock Lode, judgment. I have accordingly tested this dictionary which has yielded more than $325,000,000; in the ar with regard to the relative prominence it accords to ticles “Sutro” and “ Virginia City” it is barely inen the biographies of some two hundred famous men. My tioned. Of miscellaneous errors I vote the following: list of these names, arranged upon a scale of inches, is S. v. “Howells," "The Lady of the Aroostook" is an amazing document. I must premise that this cyclo- wrongly dated; 8. v. “Faust,” for Auster read Anster; pedia is printed in 1085 triple-column pages, each col- Murger is germanized into Mürger; s. v. “ Smart, Chris umn measuring ten and three-eighths inches. Some topher,” for “A Song of David” read “A Song to 34,000 inches do not afford too much space in which to David”; for “Grimm, Hermann,” read “Grimm, Her record important proper names of all sorts from the man"; s.v. “Lessing,” for Goerze (thrice) read Goeze. beginning of the world. Even were but one-fourth of S. v. “ Assommoir,” the word is explained as meaning an inch given to each entry, great care would have to * bludgeon "; some clue to the subject would have been be exercised in the selection. The present editor varies given by the statement that, as used by Zola, the word the length of his articles from one line up to nearly two low drinking-place.” The editor is sure that columns. the word “ Félibres” is derived from a Provençal word The longest article I have noticed is that upon Na- félibriges. What “eminent specialist " told him that ? poleon, — seventeen and one-half inches; or, including Mistral first heard the word from an old woman who the following article upon the Napoleonic Wars, twenty- did not know what it meant; Mistral does not know, one and one-half inches,-i. e., more than two columns. and nobody has ever found out. So at least says Gas- William the Conqueror gets nine inches; Washington, ton Paris, who is indeed an eminent specialist. The eight; Cæsar, Charlemagne, and Grant, respectively, dictionary goes on to state that the brotherhood was about three; Alexander and Hannibal, an inch and a founded by Roumanille, “about 1835.” According to half each. Among statesmen, Gladstone fills seven and Gaston Paris it was founded by Mistral on the 21st of one-half inches, Lincoln four and one-half, Franklin May, 1854. three and one-half, Webster less than three, Bismarck Of course a name-book like this has no space to waste and Richelieu two each, Pericles scarcely more than an upon theories and conjectures, like those in which Shake inch. Among prophets, saints, and divines, Mohammed speare scholarship unfortunately abounds. Yet the fills an entire column (ten and one-half inches), Zoroas- notice of Shakespeare's “ Macbeth " is largely made up ter six, Moses and Buddha about five each, Jesus three, of a tissue of conjectures which no one, so far as I know, St. Paul, St. Peter, Confucius, Swedenborg, Spurgeon, accepts. We are informed in large type at the begin and Beecher, respectively, about two, St. Benedict and ning of the article that this tragedy was first played | Talmage an inch and a half each, St. Francis of Assisi in Scotland about 1601, but revised by Shakespeare and one inch, General Booth and Channing somewhat less. produced at court about 1606, and on the public stage There is a notice of the Franciscans but none of the in 1610.” A greater number of unverified statements Benedictines. It was taken for granted that Benedict could scarcely have been juggled into so few words. and his great foundation, with its untold effect for good If there be any evidence that “Macbeth” was first upon the human culture, were of no more interest than played in Scotland, that it was afterwards revised by the performances of the Reverend T. DeWitt Talmage. Shakespeare, that it was produced at court about 1606, It can hardly be urged that this is because Talmage is or at any time, that a term of years elapsed between its an American and a contemporary, for no especial favor revision for production at court and its public repre- is shown to either of these two classes. For example, no sentation, all the recent editors, including Furness, Fur more space is given to the illustrious Channing than to nivall, and Wright, must have entered into a conspiracy a certain old English divine named Laurence Chaderton, to suppress such evidence. and the founder of the Salvation Army bulks no bigger The name “ Juliet” is marked as if accented on the than the Girondin Bishop Fauchet. One is at a loss how last syllable, though to accent it so would be to do vio to account for the circumstance that in this dictionary lence to the metre whenever the word occurs, either in Jesus and St. Paul together sum up but half the sum “ Romeo and Juliet” or in “Measure for Measure." of Mohammed! Have the editors gone upon the gen- Infelicities of style are much less frequent than erous assumption that “the general reader" would be errors like those I have cited. We are told of Harriet sufficiently acquainted with the details of the lives and Martineau that “ At the age of sixteen she was very influence of the two founders of Christianity? Why deaf”; it would be very interesting to know whether then should Mr. Gladstone, who is a familiar figure, be she ceased to be deaf when she arrived at the age of accorded seven times as much space as Pericles, and seventeen. nearly four times as much as either Bismarck or Rich- Sometimes there is a relative over-fulness of inform elieu ? ation, and again the brevity of statement is extremely If there be any theory or principle for this prevail- bald. The fictitious creations of several novelists are ing want of proportion in the distribution of space, I somewhat fully characterized: Esmeralda, Becky Sharp, have been unable to discover it. The examples here Mrs. Poyser, Mrs. Gamp, and Mrs. Harris, for example, cited give but a faint notion of the editoral confusion receive their share of space. Of Mérimée's “Carmen," of mind upon this vital point. I say confusion of mind, 1895.] 847 THE DIAL 99 but I cannot help wondering whether mind have any historic significance of their subjects; on the other hand, thing to do with it, and whether this dictionary was not, many of those I have examined are absolutely bald in like the Epicurean Universe, “ formed by a fortuitous their adherence to facts and dates. Compare, e. 9., the concourse of articles. articles on Herbart and on Lotze. In many cases rel- In literature and music, an obtuseness if possible even atively copious citations are made from such easily ac- greater is frequently shown to the relative rank of in cessible books as Saintsbury's “ History of French Lit- dividuals. Shakespeare and Schiller lead with a col erature,” Ticknor's “ Spanish Literature,” Morley's umn and a quarter (about thirteen inches each); to “ English Writers.” When such citations are not at Goethe is allotted about a column (thirteen inches); hand, everything in the nature of criticism or interpre- Swift bas nine inches; Dante, Ben Jonson, Voltaire, tative comment is usually (not always) omitted. Touch- and Wagner, are given respectively about seven inches; ing Jeffrey, a brief and admirable sentence is quoted while Ariosto, Boccaccio, Beethoven, and Montaigne are from Bagehot, who manages to hit off Jeffrey's signifi- respectively despatched in from two to three inches. cance; touching Klopstock, on the other hand, there is Théophile Gautier, a secondary or tertiary figure, usurps not a word to give us a clue to the poet's personal or the large space of five inches, principally filled with an literary character, to the quality and interest of his enumeration of his writings, many of them of quite work, to his place and influence in German literature, minor importance. He and his works might be of -we are not so much as told that he was “a very Ger- much greater importance than they are, without entit man Milton.” Of Lessing we are informed that “in ling a figure of such purely æsthetic interest to more 1750 began a friendship with Voltaire which had an notice than any one of the following, — to select a few important influence over his development”; but as to typical names at random from the literatures of differ the course of this development, and its significance for ent nations: Bacon, Byron, Dryden, Samuel Johnson, human culture, there is not a word. As a matter of Tennyson,--Cervantes, Calderon,-Alfieri, Petrarch, fact, there was no friendship, scarcely an acquaintance- Balzac, Corneille, Rousseau, Sainte-Beuve, Heine, ship, with Voltaire; hence the inference as to its sup- Herder, Klopstock, Kant,—Tolstoi, Turgenev,—or any posed influence over his development” proves nuga- great name in Greek literature or philosophy save tory. Homer. What critic will support the editor in conceiv On the same page with the Lessing article, a long ing Gautier as more important, or even more interest quotation (sixteen lines) from Saintsbury is given, de- ing to “the general reader," than the least of these fining the place of Mlle. de Lespinasse in French liter- great men ? Yet this is not an extreme example: at ature. To this note alone more space is devoted than least, I can give many such. Thus, James Granger, an to the entire article upon Mrs. Browning, while the English book - collector, receives three and one-half whole article “ Lespinasse” is longer than that devoted inches space,—as much as the editor feels able to spare to an incomparably greater writer in the same genre, to Bacon, and more than is accorded Plato, Rousseau, Mme. de Sévigné. Evidently, therefore, the prefer- Renan, and a hundred others of first - rate interest; ence given to Mlle. de Lespinasse over such command- Scribe gets also three and one-half,—as much as either ing figures in literature as Ariosto, Boccaccio, Browning, Hawthorne or Leopardi; James Shirley, a third-rate Emerson, Hawthorne, Heine, Lamartine, Leopardi (to dramatist of the decadence, three and one-half,- pause in mid-alphabet) cannot fairly be attributed to than Marlowe, or Massinger, or John Ford, or John the intelligible principle involved in the watchword Webster, or Beaumont. Fletcher, however, receives the place aux dames ! Examples of such incongruities in enormous space of seven and one-half inches,—as much the matter of interpretation and comment might be in. as Voltaire or Dante; Robert Greene gets three inches, definitely multiplied. On the whole, French literature - more than Pope or Wordsworth; Gottsched and seems to be more intelligently treated than German, or Shadwell bulk bigger than Heine, or Lamartine, or even English literature; but in the former field the use Schopenhauer; William Broome gets more notice than of scissors and paste in the dissection and appropriation Emerson or Robert Browning, and almost twice as much of Saintsbury's “French literature” has been so free as as Mrs. Browning, who, in the good company of St. to seem to call for some prefatory acknowledgement at Francis and of Dostoyevski (no saint, he!) finds her least, if not for apology. self prisoned in the nutshell of an inch. It would be interesting to know which member of the As I have already remarked, no especial favor is staff of “eminent specialists" was consulted in the selec- shown to contemporaries : thus, Leslie Stephen and tion of the names of contemporary men of science who John Morley get a little more than an inch each, A. J. are entitled to notice in such a work. The selection is Balfour and Mr. Bryce about half an inch. No one of eccentric and the notices are out of proportion. One these men, famous, brilliant, influential, productive, and looks in vain for the names of noted naturalists who learned as they are,--three of them men who are mould now stand for zoology, botany, and geology, in this ing the policy of Great Britain, all of them men who country. The name of Eliza Youmans is given, os- are moulding the thought of Greater Britain, — no one tensibly because she is an American botanist; while of these is accorded even as much space as is given to those of Lesquereaux, Englemann, Vasey, Watson, that respectable and commonplace professor, Henry Goodale, and Farlow are omitted. James Orton, the Morley. Space might at least have been found to men writer of a text-book on zoology and author of an un- tion John Morley's great work on “ Diderot and the important book of travels, is mentioned, while Verrill, Encyclopædists.” Pourtales, Sydney I. Smith, W. H. Brooks, and W. H. One of the most difficult questions for the editor of Edwards are overlooked. F. B. Meek, the paleontolo- such a work to decide must be that of the relative prom gist, is mentioned; Worthen, his collaborator, is not. inence which should be given to criticism and comment. Hayden and Powell, directors of two of the national sur- This problem also has been evaded in the present work. veys, are spoken of; Wheeler and King, two other direc- Some of the biographical articles are noteworthy for the tors, are not. Wright, a popular writer on glacial geol- precision with which they state the social, cultural, or ogy, is mentioned; while Chamberlin, Salisbury, and more 348 [June 16, THE DIAL Upham, the workers and original writers on glacial geol Out of a score of the most prominent writers on the ogy, are omitted. Winchell, known for his text-books ceramic arts, we find only the names of Brongniart and and popular writings on geological topics, is mentioned; Champfleury; those of Audsley, Bowes, Ebelmen, Gar- but Charles A. White, the author of one hundred and nier, Jacquemart, Salvétat, are omitted. fifty-five original and valuable contributions to the sci- In fine, this is a publisher's book, over-hastily ence of geology, is omitted. Liais, Hartt, and Derby, Brazilian geologists, and Shaler, Marcou, and E. S. Dana, concocted for subscription sale. It seems to me dis- American geologists, are mentioned; and the following, tinctly inferior in quality of editorial supervision to who are, to say the least, quite as well known, are “ The Century Dictionary,” — a work which I had omitted: Chamberlin, Dutton, Emmons, Fontaine, Gil- the pleasure of reviewing, volume by volume, in bert, Hyatt, Irving, Iddings, Lesley, Lesquereux, Pum these columns. Although “ The Century Diction- pelly, H. S. and G. H. Williams, C. A. White, Whit ary ” is also defaced by many errors, doubtless due field, and Walcott, in this country; Heim and de Loriol to the haste with which it was produced, it is dis- in Switzerland; Beyrich, Benneke, Credner, Hauche- tinctly a scholarly work. "The Century Cyclo- corn, Neumayr, Richthofen, Rosenbusch, and Zittel, of pedia of Names” is, as I have shown, in many re- Germany; Suess of Austria; Barrois, Gaudry, Lappar- ent, and Michel Lévy of France; Capellini of Italy; spects unscholarly. Its chief fault is want of pro- Karpinsky and Tschernytschew of Russia. In many portion and perspective. Nevertheless, it is a very cases the text is out of all proportion to the prominence useful book to have at hand. It contains under one (among scientific men at least) of the subjects. For alphabet an enormous amount of more or less exact example, E. S. Morse, whose claim to recognition seems information about gods, men, and horses, countries, to be based chiefly upon an elementary text-book on towns, and houses, fictitious characters, books, and zoology (190 pages) occupies sixteen lines; while James battles. It gives a date for everything, and I have Hall, the author of more than a hundred original con found but a small proportion of the dates examined tributions to science, many of them large beautifully to be wrong. I expect to continue to use the work illustrated quarto volumes, is given nine lines. A. S. with profit, — just as we use the predictions of the Packard is given a dozen lines, while Alexander Agassiz is despatched in five. Such selections and discrimina- weather service without accepting them as infallible. tions must give those who seek information in this book It should be speedily revised by competent special- an entirely erroneous impression regarding science and ists. If I could believe that these strictures might the men who are its life. have some influence in inducing the publishers to The preface leads one to expect to find the South take in hand such a revision, I should not account American list, especially the Brazilian part of it, quite the time spent upon these tests as wasted. satisfactory, but between current newspaper literature, chorographic literature, and the Aemanach de Gotha, MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. there are some important omissions. Custodio José de Mello certainly occupies all the space he is entitled to, but Saldanha da Gama, a more important figure in Bra- zilian politics, Saldanha. Marinho, for years the head BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. and front of republicanism in Brazil, and Joaquim Na- buco, the leader of the abolition movement, are not even The study Our generation has seen a steady mentioned. A few other noteworthy omissions from the of English growth of interest in the study of the Brazilian list taken at random are: Barao de Cotigipe, lyric poetry. a leading politician, senator, prime minister, and head lyric, due in part doubtless to the rec- of a financial reform that did much to save Brazilian ognition of the fact that for some two hundred years credit, Couto de Magalhaes, the author of a number of past the lyric has been the only living form of poe- important works on history, travels, and ethnology; try. Palgrave's "Golden Treasury” was the first Nicolau Joaquim Moreira, the leading agriculturist adequate selection of English lyrics, and gave a and agricultural writer of Brazil; Mouchez, the author new impetus to the study of the subject. Ward's of about thirty of the most important books and charts “ English Poets” covered a wider field, but helped that relate to the coast and hydrography of Brazil; forward the same movement. Since then, our knowl- Felisberto Caldeira Brant, the holder of the third dia- edge of the English lyric in the period of its great- mond contract, and one of the most striking figures in est perfection has been widened through the re- the early history of Minas; Silva Xavier, or “ Tiraden- tes,” the early martyr to republicanism (as if John searches and the publications of scholars like Mr. Brown of Ossawatamie had been left out); Homem de Bullen and Dr. Grosart. The results of these studies Mello, the author of some fifty books and papers on are seen in several popular publications of recent travels and geography; Moreira de Azevedo, the author date. Professor Schelling's " Elizabethan Lyrics” of more than thirty historical publications ; Mello has already been noticed in these columns. Dr. Moraes, the author of more than thirty important books James Baldwin also has recently edited a volume of and papers on history and medicine; not to mention such “Choice English Lyrics” (Silver, Burdett & Co.) of writers as Maria Graham and Luccock, whose books a popular nature. Catholicity of taste is an excel- upon the periods they wrote about are classics of their lent thing, but even the most catholic taste would hes- kind. itate to admit into a volume of three hundred and The names of South American places, so far as they have been examined, seem to be well chosen. We note fifty pages, and covering the entire field of the En- the absence of Serro, or Villa de Principe, where dia glish lyric, as many selections from such versifiers monds were first found in America, and for many years as Macaulay, Moore, Hood, Rogers, Kirke White, the chief city of the diamond district. and Owen Meredith, as Dr. Baldwin has seen fit to 1895.] 349 THE DIAL admit to his volume. The editor's principle of clas Form"; in the second, a companion to “Poetry as sification, moreover, is unprofitable in that it admits a Representative Art.” Like its predecessors, this much which is not properly lyric at all (such as the volume is an interesting work; careful and grate- ballad of “ King John and the Abbot”), and that fully systematic in its plan, although somewhat hard it secures the inclusion of many pieces because of reading. Like them, it is the product of much the interest of their subject matter; whereas in the thought and observation; and it is thoroughly and lyric proper, motive and form and style, and not well illustrated. For ourselves, we always fail to subject matter, are the all-important things. — A find in Professor Raymond's theory that stimulat- selection of quite a different character, “ The Golden ing and suggestive quality which is usually a note Pomp, a Procession of English Lyrics from Surrey of those speculations that really open to us a valu- to Shirley” (Lippincott), has been made by Mr. able truth, and we sometimes fail to find a certain A. T. Quiller Couch. The lover of the Elizabethan closeness of argument which might be desired. In lyric now begins to feel overwhelmed with an em the space at hand we can give but the slightest illus- barrassment of riches, and will find it hard to make trations of these views, and we will confine ourselves a choice between the various anthologies : Bullen's, to the essay on “ Music as a Representative Art.” Schelling's, Saintsbury's “ Seventeenth Century As to this question we are much inclined to inquire, Lyrics," and "The Golden Pomp." To complete What of it all? Such generalities as music can rep- the roll, a volume of selections from “ The English resent are hardly enough to enable us to think of Poets of the Seventeenth Century from Donne to it as we do of painting. It is representative, but as Dryden,” by Professor Briggs of Harvard, is in a rule, we cannot tell what it represents, until we preparation for the “Athenæum Press Series,” are informed. And there still remains so much in while Professor Gummere is engaged in editing a music that is not representative, that, even accept- selection of Middle English Lyrics. Of the three ing Professor Raymond's showing, it seems a little hundred and sixty-one pieces in Mr. Quiller Couch's futile to lay much weight upon that which is. But volume, it is interesting to note that seventy are everyone will not accept Professor Raymond's show- also found in Palgrave, and some one hundred and ing. He is of the view, for instance, that variation twenty in Schelling; a fact significant not only of of pitch is representative in music as in language. the richness of the field drawn upon, but also of the Now variation of pitch is representative in language, tendency among critics to agree upon a certain num but in different languages it represents very differ- ber of the older lyrics as recognized classics of their ent things. Professor Raymond speaks entirely of kind. Schelling's contains only two hundred and pitch in England. But pitch in the South German fifty-eight selections in all, so that nearly one-half dialects is a very different matter, and in the Scan- of his number, it will be seen, are agreed upon by dinavian dialects it is different still; and so in both editors. The plan of Mr. Quiller Couch's vol French and Welsh. Indeed, in almost every lan- ume is somewhat more popular than that of Pro guage the variation of pitch has some particular sig. fessor Schelling's, while its range also is slightly nification. With which of these will music agree? longer, including as Elizabethans all authors born Professor Raymond finds an analogy with English, during the reign of Elizabeth. Schelling gives no which seems to show that foreign composers are selections from Herrick, Herbert, and other lyrists very complaisant. But the analogy of language is contemporary with these accomplished singers. Mr. not the sole basis of the theory. The author consid- Quiller Couch's arrangement is ingenious and satis ers many musical passages, and points out the sig- factory for the general reader, following a natural nificance of many musical effects. In some cases but elastic grouping by motives and topics, which we think Professor Raymond imaginative. In many begins with spring, youth, love, and pastoral peace, cases the music really does have the meaning as- proceeds through flower-motives, evanescence, ab cribed to it, after the meaning has been suggested. sence, carpe diem, melancholy, lullabies, dirges, and Such examples, however, do not amount to proof. all the other familiar and charming themes of our A single case in which a certain effect had not a older lyrics, and ends with winter and farewell. A certain significance would play havoc with a score happy effect of subtle harmony results for the reader in which it had. For such reasons as these one can who follows the course of the volume from begin- rarely accept Professor Raymond's books without ning to finish. Where in literature can the Eliza reserve, although they are such as always to com- bethan lyric at its best be matched for perfume, mand interest and attention. grace, fervor, and artlessly artful melody? The second volume of Messrs. Ap- The small In his volume on “Rhythm and Har black peoples pletons' “ Anthropological Series Essays in of the world. mony in Poetry and Music" (Put- is a translation, by Prof. Frederick nam), to which is added an essay on Starr, the editor of the series, of M. de Quatre- “ Music as a Representative Art,” Professor Ray- fages' work on “The Pygmies." It is an interest- mond continues the series of æsthetic studies, the ing popular account of the small black peoples of succeeding volumes of which have been noted in the world, their history, migrations, affinities, and THE DIAL. In the first essay in the present volume present distribution. The ancients were acquainted we have a continuation of “ The Genesis of Art more or less fully with five small black populations, Asthetics. 350 (June 16, THE DIAL 66 Each part two in Asia, a third toward the sources of the Nile, tember massacres : Sir, you forget to whom you a fourth a little to the east of the preceding, and a are speaking ; you forget that we are the riffraff, fifth far to the southwest. These peoples they called that we have issued from the gutter ; that with your “ Pygmies.” Some of these tribes, much diminished opinions we should soon fall back into it, and that in numbers, are still found near the regions which we can only govern by the law of fear.” The vol- they formerly occupied. All of these small black ume is a presentable one outwardly, and Mr. H. A. peoples M. de Quatrefages considers as “ fragments Patchett-Martin's translation is smooth and grace- of two human races, well characterized as blacks, oc ful. The frontispiece portrait of Napoleon indi- cupying, the one in Asia, the other in Africa, a con cates the trend of the narrative. siderable area, and both of them including not only tribes or distinct peoples, but even sub-races.” These The edition of Spenser's “Faerie A delightful two races are called the Negritos, including the small edition of the Queene," now issuing in monthly black peoples of Asia, of Malaysia, and of Melan- “Faerie Queene.” parts from the London press of Mr. esia ; and the Negrillos, including the small black George Allen, and obtainable in this country from tribes of Africa. The Eastern Pygmies, or Negritos, Messrs. Macmillan & Co., is one of the most beauti- are divided into two geographical groups, the con- ful examples of modern bookmaking imaginable, and tinental and the insular. Traces of them are found the impecunious book-lover may well envy the for- in Japan, Formosa, the Philippine Islands, Borneo, tunate persons who become possessors of the thou- New Guinea, and numerous other islands ; possibly sand copies to which the work is limited. In stating also in Australia. On the mainland they inhabited this number, we do not take into account the parts of the Malay peninsula, of Indo-China, and twenty-seven additional copies on Japanese vellum, of India. The Negrillos, or Pygmies of Africa, the which only millionaires can hope to acquire. The second of the two races, are represented to-day by work will be completed in nineteen parts, six of the Hottentots and Bushmen. It is hardly neces which, containing Books I. and II., have already sary to say that M. de Quatrefages' book is a thor been received by us. The text is a result of care- ough and scientific ethnological study. It will prove ful collation of several early editions, made by the interesting, not to the scientific student alone, but loving care of Mr. Thomas J. Wise. to every intelligent reader. has illustrations in the shape of decorative canto- headings and tail-pieces, besides several full-page Memoirs of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. have designs, all from the facile and sympathetic pencil an aide-de-camp done good service in issuing in a of Mr. Walter Crane. The pagination of the work of Napoleon. single compact volume, entitled “An is consecutive, although each Book is intended to Aide-de-Camp of Napoleon,” the personal and an form a distinct volume, and has a title-page of its ecdotal portion of Count Philippe de Ségur's vol- The parts vary from eighty to one hundred uminous “ History, Memoirs, and Miscellanea,” pub- and twelve pages each, and are exquisitely printed lished in 1873. The memoir is one of the most on unbleached handmade paper. charming and graphic as well as most instructive records of Napoleonic times the work of a brave Mr. Curtin is no novice in collecting and honorable gentleman of the old régime, who, Irish Fairy and folk-lore, nor is his volume of “ Tales breaking perforce with the traditions of his ances- of the Irish Fairies and of the Ghost tors, bowed to the new conditions and served France World” (Little, Brown, & Co.) his first contribu- as loyally under Bonaparte as he would have served tion of Irish tales. This volume, however, differs her under a Capet. General of division, Peer of of his earlier work in character. In it he France, and Academician, Count de Ségur lived for presents the present belief in fairies and ghosts. the greater part of a century, making a brilliant fig- Ten per cent of the population of Southwest Mun- ure in war, politics, and letters, and serving through- ster, where these tales were gathered, are to-day firm out the Imperial wars mainly on the Emperor's believers in fairies and uneasy spirits, and a large staff. The present volume forms a dramatic per proportion of the remainder have a more or less sonal record, and is replete with pen-sketches of definite fear that such beings exist. The Irish fai- Napoleon and of the writer's companions in arms. ries and ghosts appear to be kin; and in his intro- In the introduction the author pays an eloquent duction to the book Mr. Nutt just hints the question tribute to the memory of his father, the celebrated whether fairy belief has not sprung from ancestor ambassador to the Court of Catherine of Russia, worship. The “good people” of Munster belief and he recounts also the first years of his own im are generally malicious, and do little good to com- poverished and proscribed childhood, in the midst mon people unless they have already received some of the whirlwind of the Revolution. Count de important help from these. One interesting feature Ségur unhesitatingly fixes upon Danton the respon of the tales is the way in which events are narrated sibility of that grim political invention, the Reign of people still alive, or but recently dead, and known of Terror. Danton himself, he avers, boldly as to the hearers. Yet the stories in some cases must sumed it; and he quotes him as replying, “ with have been told - the same in incident- long, long his too well-known cynicism," to his (M. Ségur's) ago. It will do anyone good to read here of "fairy father, when challenged as to his share in the Sep-forts ” and “ fairy stroke," of fairy infants need- own. Ghost tales. from any - 1895.] 351 THE DIAL ing nursing, and of cows stolen by the little people Ten years ago Mr. Charles Lowe for milk supply. Apart from the amusement in A condensed published an elaborate life of Bis- life of Bismarck. the reading, one gets from this book a glimpse of a marck in a thousand large pages. veritable ancient religion. He has now given us the cream of that work in two hundred and fifty small pages, under the same title, We heartily wish the “Letters of Letters of Celia Thaxter” (Houghton) might “Prince Bismarck” (Roberts). In the new work Celia Thazter. fall into the hands of every Amer- the author has the advantage of treating his hero's career as a completed whole, and of such new ma- ican woman. The dainty book, with its enforced terials and such corrections as ten years have graces and dignities of phrase and sentiment, is re- plete with the fine and gentle spirit of true woman- brought. His many years of residence as a news- liness-old-fashioned womanliness, which we firmly, Europe have furnished an admirable preparation paper correspondent in the different countries of believe (with all deference to a new and improved” for his task, both in intimate knowledge of peoples ideals) to be humanity's moral crown and jewel, and politics, and in skill in putting things effectively. and the tap-root and original of the social virtues. The book furnishes a vivid picture of the greatest A fine and true verse is that of the Koran: “A son of modern statesmen, and a trustworthy narrative wins paradise at his mother's knees.” The letters range from 1856 (when the writer was in her of his career, allowing somewhat for an author's bias in his hero's favor. We believe that his esti- twenty-first year) to 1894, the year of her death ; and they form a true index to the character of the judgment of impartial history. mate of Bismarck's work will be ratified by the mistress of “ Appledore" and the unique life she led in her island home. The letters are tastefully No man living has enjoyed better mounted, and there are five portraits of Mrs. Thax- ter, together with an appreciative introductory sketch of Mr. Gladstone. opportunities for studying the polit- ical characteristics and career of Mr. by the editors, A. F. and R. L. Gladstone than has Mr. Henry W. Lucy, whose par- Mr. Walter Cranston Larned de- liamentary diaries, extending from 1874 to 1892, Mediæral architecture scribes his “ Churches and Castles are well known to the public. We expect to find in in France. of Mediæval France” (Scribner) as his recent book, “ Gladstone: A Study from Life" a "record of a traveller's impressions.” The book (Roberts), a sketch of that marvellous career as is more than this modest (and nowadays rather vivid as a practised literary skill, an intimate knowl- unpromising) expression implies. Mr. Larned has edge, and a sympathetic appreciation can make it ; interwoven his descriptions with enough historical and we are not disappointed. Though the narrow limits of a small volun.e preclude a detailed survey fact to enable general readers to see in the struct- ures noted something more than mere specimens of of the sixty-two years of incessant and beneficent mediæval architecture, as well as to appreciate the activity, the author brings out more clearly the im- spirit of the French nation in assuming the enor- portant achievements and salient points of the states- man's splendid career. His position as eye-witness mous outlay required for restoring and preserving them. The vandalism of the Revolution has been of the scenes he describes enables him to give reality generously atoned for by such works, for instance, and vividness to his account by the interesting de- as the restoration of Careassonne at an expense thus tails and touches he constantly adds. far of about $700,000. Mr. Larned writes simply That admirer of soldierly heroism, The stirring and concisely, and his book is, we should say, pre- life of an Mr. Archibald Forbes, has found a cisely the one needed by the average visitor to the English soldier. hero to his taste in Colin Campbell, places described. The volume contains twenty-four whose life he has written for the 66 English Men of full-page photographic plates. Action " series (Macmillan). The book is a stir- Mr. P. H. Ditchfield's little treatise ring narrative of military exploits in the Crimean Literary “ Books Fatal to their Authors" War, the Indian Mutiny, and in various parts of Martyrs. (Book-Lover's Library: Armstrong) the earth where British enterprise (to use no harsher concerns itself chiefly with the lives of literary mar- word) has called for military support. The quali- tyrs in the more literal sense—authors, that is, who ties that go to make a good soldier, the attractions expiated their candor or their temerity by the cell, and hardships and disappointments of the soldier's the rack, or the faggot, rather than the mere vic- life, are well brought out in the story. tims of criticism or of public neglect. Mr. Ditch- field's list is a long one, and it is mainly a roll of honor, being studded with such names as Huss, BRIEFER MENTION. Tyndale, Savonarola, Bruno, Galileo, Sidney, Sarpi, Prynne, etc. “ The Complete Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott," A chapter is included on 6 Booksell- as now published by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., ers and Publishers,” a class whose misfortunes form a single volume of 770 double-columned pages, might well form a special subject of inquiry. Alto printed in readable type on good but thin paper. There gether, the little volume contains a good deal of cu is an introduction by Professor Charles Eliot Norton, rious and suggestive matter. and a biographical sketch by Mr. N. H. Dole. The vol- on 352 [June 16, THE DIAL ume is an excellent example of neat bookmaking, and is published at the low price of one dollar. The “Complete Geography” of Mr. A. E. Frye (Ginn) impresses us as an exceedingly well-considered and carefully-planned text-book. Commercial relations are emphasized and illustrated by an admirable series of special maps. Indeed, the work is exceptionally rich in maps of all sorts, including a 24-page supplement of maps alone, which in itself would make a very satisfac- tory family atlas. Relief maps also abound, telling their complex story at a glance. The many illustrations are both well-chosen and well-engraved. Such a manual as this offers a marked contrast to the poverty-stricken “geographies” of twenty or thirty years ago. “ The Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and Athens ” (Macmillan) is a translation, by Messrs. E. J. Brooks and T. Nicklin, of the first volume of Dr. Gus- tav Gilbert's “Handbuch der Griechischen Staatsalter- thümer.” A few English references are supplied but no substantial departure from the original has been at- tempted. Dr. J. E. Sandys contributes an introductory note to the translation, speaking in high terms of the usefulness and accuracy of the work, and of its popu- larity as a text-book. The volume is one of 463 pages, each of which is about half text and about half footnote. The compiler of “What Shall I Play ?” (Gladstone Publishing Co.) has requested a large number of mu- sicians and teachers of the piano and organ to supply him with brief lists of pleasing and attractive compo- sitions, classified according to the difficulties they offer, and accompanied by whatever brief comment seems nec- essary. These lists, to the number of something like a hundred, are printed in the book of which the title has been quoted. In the list of contributors we find a few well-known names, such as those of Bülow, Mr. Arthur Foote, Dr. Robert Goldbeck, and Mr. W. H. Sherwood. Most of the contributors have avoided the classical compositions likely to occur to any body, and rather sought to give titles taken from the less familiar and more modern repertory. The book ought to prove very helpful to both professionals and amateurs. to the attention of the brilliant young men who conduct our foreign policy through the medium of the news- papers which they serve as reporters. Our recent remarks upon the high plane of the work done at the Plymouth School of Applied Ethics are am- ply borne out by the programme for the coming season (July 7-August 9), which offers fare even more attrac- tive and substantial than has been supplied in previous years. Miss Emily Faithfull, news of whose death came on the third of this month, had many American friends, made during three visits to the United States, and her loss will be keenly felt on this side of the Atlantic. She did much effective work in many good causes, and her several books represent but a small fraction of her life-long activity. “ The Bachelor of Arts” is the title of the new col- lege monthly edited by Mr. John Seymour Wood, with the collaboration of Messrs. Walter Camp and Edward S. Martin. The first number, dated May 1, has appeared, and is beautifully printed, although the narrow format is not exactly pleasing. The contents, if we except Mrs. Todd's paper on the letters of Emily Dickinson and Mr. John Corbin's notes on college life at Oxford, im- press us as rather sophomorical, and hardly what were to be expected in a magazine started under such prom- ising auspices. Southern California's young and agreeable literary periodical, “ The Land of Sunshine" (published at Los Angeles), celebrates the beginning of its second year by assuming a more distinctively magazine form and donning a new and striking cover, in its issue for June. The illustrations of the number are unexpectedly good, and the reading matter is varied and attractive. The “ local color" of course predominates, both in text and pictures; and this, we fancy, will be to most readers the chief charm of the bright little perodical,— for the “local color” of Southern California is something that its lovers can hardly have too much of. The London correspondent of the New York “Critic" recently attended a dinner of the Omar Khayyam Club, and gives some interesting particulars concerning the customs of that organization: “The followers of Omar are expected to present themselves at the board, wear- ing the red rose of their poet : the guests assume a white rose in distinction. Such members as neglect the badge are summoned for an explanation by the Presi- dent early in the proceedings, and have each in turn to make such excuses as they may have at their disposal. Unless the President's special leave is secured, it is ex- pected that members will drink red wine. The first toast upon the list is the immortal memory of Omar, which is drunk in silence, all standing.” Some years ago, a paragraph went the rounds of the newspapers to the effect that Bayard Taylor, in the opin- ion of Humboldt,“ had traveled farther and seen less than any man he ever knew.” Mr. C. V. Nye, writing to « The Book Buyer," thus tells the story of the origin of that fabrication : “A certain littérateur (no longer living in any sense) wrote to Mr. Taylor, asking him to give him a set of his works. Mr. Taylor knew no reason why he should do so, and simply referred the request to his publisher, who declined to send the books. Thereupon the man, through sheer malice, invented the remark which be put into Humboldt's mouth, embodied it in the paragraph, and inserted it in a column which he was making up for a popular weekly." LITERARY NOTES. The three parts of “ Henry VI.,” in as many volumes, are the latest additions to the charming “ Temple Shakespeare. Mr. Samuel L. Clemens is to start in August on a lecture-tour around the world, beginning with the Sand- wich Islands and ending with the British Isles. A new “Economic Classic” (Macmillan) is a reprint of Thomas Mun's treatise (published posthumously in 1664) on “ England's Treasure by Forraign Trade." Sir Frederick Pollock is now on the way to this coun- try, having accepted the invitation of Harvard Univer- sity to address the Law School upon the occasion of its annual Commencement. John Galt's “ Annals of the Parish ” and “ The Ayr- shire Legatees,” with an introduction by Canon Ainger, is the latest volume in the acceptable Macmillan series of reprints of the popular fiction of a past generation. No. 56 of the “Old South Leaflets" is timely indeed, being a reprint of the Message in which President Mon- roe enunciated the Doctrine which has gone by his name ever since. The pamphlet ought to be brought 1895.] 353 THE DIAL - - TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. June, 1895 ( Second List). Barras Memoirs, The. Dial (June 16). Bee-Tending. W.Z. Hutchinson. Cosmopolitan. Boston Schools and Teachers. Arena. . British House of Commons, The. M.J. Wright. Arena. Canada. Marquis of Lorne. North American. Chautauqua Movement, The. H. H. Boyesen. Cosmopolitan. Chicago Newspapers and their Makers. Review of Reviews. Chino-Japanese War, Military Lessons of the. No. American. Cobbe, Frances Power. John W. Chadwick. New World. Criticism, Touchstones of. Dial (June 16). Degeneration,” Nordau's. Kenyon Cox and others. No. Am. Democracy and Religion. J. H. Crooker. New World. English Seamen in the 16th Century. W. H. Carruth. Dial. Hawaiian Climate. Curtis J. Lyons. Overland. Hawaiian Commercial Development. T.G. Thrum. Overland. Hawaiian Land Tenures. Sanford B. Dole. Overland. Hawaii for Tourists. John D. Spreckels. Overland. Labor Problems, Discussions of. E. W. Bemis. Dial (June 16). Madagascar, Journeying in. Frank Vincent. Pop. Science. Militarism, The Spirit of. A. B. Ronne. Popular Science. Monopoly, Militia, and Men. Emil Richter. Arena. Names, A Dictionary of. M. B. Anderson. Dial (June 16). Nationalism, First Steps in. Solomon Schindler. Arena. Paris Salons of '95, The. Charles Yriarte. Cosmopolitan. Passion Play at Höritz, The Review of Reviews. Pauline Eschatology, The. Orello Cone. New World. Railway Charges, Decline in. H. T. Newcomb. Pop. Science. Sentimentalism and Political Economy. W.Kirkus. N. World. Silver Standard in Mexico, The North American. Sun-Worship, Survivals of. Fanny D. Bergen. Pop. Science. Theocritus. Joshua Kendall. Poet-Lore. Two-Ocean Pass. B. W. Evermann. Popular Science. United States, Power of the. M. G. Mulhall. No. American. Virgil's Art. John Albee. Poet-Lore. Whist in America. Frank W. Crane. Cosmopolitan. Woman, The Psychology of. G. T. W. Patrick. Pop. Science. The Humour of Russia. Translated by E. L. Voynich ; with introduction by Stepniak. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 349. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. Memoirs of Barras, Member of the Directorate. Edited, with general introduction, prefaces, and appendices, by George Duruy. In 4 vols., Vols. I. and II., illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut. Harper & Bros. Boxed, $7.50. The Life and Letters of Edward A. Freeman, D.C.L., LL.D. By W.R. W. Stephens, B.D., author of “Life and Letters of Dean Hook." In 2 vols.; with portraits, 12mo, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $7. The Life and Writings of Turgot, Comptroller-General of France, 1774-6. Edited for English readers by W. Walker Stephens. With frontispiece, 8vo, uncut, pp. 331. Long- mans, Green, & Co. $4.50. William the Silent, Prince of Orange: The Moderate Man of the Sixteenth Century: The Story of His Life Told from Letters and Official Documents. By Ruth Putnam. In 2 vols., illus., gilt top, uncut. G. P. Put- nam's Sons, $3.75. Lorenzo Lotto: An Essay in Constructive Art Criticism. By Bernhard Berenson, author of " The Venetian Paint- ers of the Renaissance." Illus. in photogravure, 8vo, uncut, pp. 362. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3,50. Louis XIV. and the Zenith of the French Monarchy. By Arthur Hassall, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 444. Putnam's “Heroes of the Nations." $1.50. Major James Rennell and the Rise of Modern English Geography. By Clements R. Markham, C.B. With por- trait, 12mo, pp. 232, Macmillan's Century Science Series." $1.25. HISTORY. Recollections of War Time: Reminiscences of Men and Events in Washington, 1860-1865. By Albert Gallatin Riddle. 8vo, uncut, pp. 380. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50. The Decline and Fall of Napoleon. By Field-Marshall Viscount Wolseley, K.P. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 203. Roberts Bros. $1.25. White Servitude in the Colony of Virginia. By James Curtis Ballagh, A.B. 8vo, uncut, pp. 99. Johns Hop- kins University Studies. 50 cts. The Story of Patriot's Day, Lexington and Concord, April 19, 1775. By Geo. J. Varney. Illus., 16mo, pp. 170. Lee & Shepard. 60 cts. POETRY. The New World, with Other Verse. By Louis James Block. 12mo, uncut, pp. 203. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. Thoughts in Verse. By Clifford Howard. 16mo, pp. 72. Buffalo: Peter Paul Book Co. $1. FICTION. The Adventures of Captain Horn. By Frank R. Stock- ton. 12mo, pp. 404. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Celibates. By George Moore, author of " Esther Waters." 12mo, pp. 453. Macmillan & Co. $1,50. Master and Man. By Count Leo Tolstoy ; translated by A. Hulme Beaman; with introduction by W. D. Howells. 16mo, pp. 165. b. Appleton & Co. 75 cts. Doctor Gray's Quest. By Francis H. Underwood, LL.D., author of “Quabbin." 12mo, pp. 406. Lee & Shepard $1.75. My Indian Summer. By Princess Olga Cantacuzène Al- tieri ; trans. by Agnes Euan-Smith. 12mo, pp. 292. Mac- millan & Co. $1.25. The Head of a Hundred: Being an Account of Certain Pas- sages in the Life of Humphrey Huntoon, sometime an Officer in the Colony of Virginia. Edited by Maud Wilder Goodwin, author of "The Colonial Cavalier." 16mo, gilt top, pp. 225. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25. A Madonna of the Alps. Trans. from the German of B. Schulze-Smidt, by Nathan Haskell Dole. With frontis- piece, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 207. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25. At the First Corner, and Other Stories. By H. B. Marriott Watson, author of " Diogenes of London." 16mo, pp. 196. Roberts Bros. $1. Forward House: A Romance. By William Scoville Case. 16mo, uncut, pp. 149. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1. Into the Highways and Hedges. By F. F. Montrésor, 16mo, pp. 456. D, Appleton & Co. $1. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 60 titles, includes books re- ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.] GENERAL LITERATURE. Suppressed Chapters, and Other Bookishness. By Robert Bridges, author of "Overheard in Arcady.” 12mo, gilt top, pp. 160. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25. Roadings from the Old English Dramatists. By Cath- erine Mary Reignolds-Winslow. In 2 vols., with portrait, 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Lee & Shepard. Boxed, $3.50. Spenser's Faerie Queene (Book II., Cantos IX.- XII.). Edited by Thomas J. Wise. Part VI.; illus., 4to, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $3. Ernest England; or, A Soul Laid Bare: A Drama for the Closet. By J. A. Parker. 12mo, uncut, pp. 345. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $3. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe. Newly collected and edited, with Memoir, Introductions, and Notes, by Ed- mund Clarence Stedman and George Edward Woodberry. In 10 vols.; Vol. IV., illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 297. Stone & Kimball. $1.50. The Art of Newspaper Making: Three Lectures. By Charles A. Dana. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 114. D. Ap- pleton & Co. $1. The Elizabethan Hamlet: A Study of the Sources, etc. By John Corbin ; with prefatory note by F. York Powell. 12mo, uncut, pp. 91. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25. The Yellow Book: An Illustrated Quarterly. Vol. V., April, 1895 ; illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 317. Copeland & Day. $1.50. Bibliographica: A Magazine of Bibliography. In 12 quar- terly parts; Part V., illus., 4to, uncut, pp. 128. Chas. Scribner's Sons. 354 (June 16, THE DIAL EDUCATIONAL. YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J. Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course. Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils. Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894. Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal. SCHOOL OF APPLIED ETHICS. FOURTH SUMMER SESSION. Plymouth, Mass., July 8- August 9, 1895. Four DEPARTMENTS: I. ECONOMICS; II. ETHICS ; III. EDUCATION; IV. HISTORY OF RELIGIONS. A large corps of able lecturers. For programme with full particulars apply to S. BURNS WESTON, 1305 Arch Street, Philadelphia, På. THE BOOK SHOP, CHICAGO. SCARCE BOOKS. BACK-NUMBER MAGAZINES. For any book on any sub- ject write to The Book Shop. Catalogues free. ENGLISH Books. NOBLE TYPE. Good PAPER. LONDON IMPRINTS. INCOMPARABLE PRICES. SCARCE EDITIONS. HANDSOME BINDINGS. H. W. HAGEMANN, Importer, 160 Fifth Ave. (Mohawk Bldg.), NEW YORK. 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THE DIAL PRESS, 46 E. 14th St., New York. 100 Purchase St., BOSTON. -315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. ID:000020201036 651054 v. 18 Jan. - June 1895 The Dial Browne, Francis F. (F route to: CATO PARK in transit to: UP-ANNEX 8/7/2005,8:28 -- A000020201031 341