er Britain,”
and
“If heaven's bright halls are very far from sea,
a poem which gives impassioned embodiment to the
I dread a pang the angels could not 'guage,”
patriotic sentiment of the occasion by which it was
and
inspired, and which is equalled — we hardly dare to
“Love is still his own orthographer
say surpassed — only by the “ Recessional” of Mr.
As when on scriptured leaves of asphodel
Kipling. This publication gave us at least a fore He taught his earliest pupil, Eve, to ell,”
taste of what might be expected from “ The Com and
ing of Love, and Other Poems,” the volume which “From that dear harp, her heart, whose chords are love,"
has at last seen the light. It is safe to say that this
and
volume is one of the strongest and most original
"Though Love be mocked by Death's obscene derision,
contributions to literature that have been made of
Love still is Nature's truth and Death her lie,"
recent years, and that there is no living English and, most wonderful of all, the “ First Kiss ” sonnet,
poet save only Mr. Swinburne - from whose long familiar to all who treasure the purest gold of
hands we might expect a gift of greater and more
English poetry, yet which we venture to quote for
lasting value. Mr. Watts-Dunton drinks from his the sheer pleasure of transcription.
own glass, which is both wide-brimmed and ample; “If only in dreams may Man be fully blest,
and his utterance, whatever may be its subject,
Is heaven a dream? Is she I claspt a dream?
Or stood she here even now where dew-drops gleam
has the touch of high distinction that marks the
And miles of furze shine yellow down the West ?
difference between the artists and the mechanics of
I seem to clasp her still — still on my breast
In its choice of subject, indeed, the art of Her bosom beats : I see the bright eyes beam.
the poet is put to the severest of tests in the titular
I think she kiss'd these lips, for now they seem
Scarce mine : so hallow'd of the lips they press'd.
poem, which fills about a third of the volume, and
Yon thicket's breath - can that be eglantine ?
is a sequence of sonnets, lyrics, and dramatic epi-
Those birds - can they be Morning's choristers?
sodes which tell of the poet's love for the gypsy
Can this be Earth? Can these be banks of furze?
maiden Rhona. This maiden is absolutely unlet-
Like burning bushes fired of God they shine !
I seem to know them, though this body of mine
tered, and much of the story is told in her own
Passed into spirit at the touch of hers !"
words, including a plentiful infusion of Romany
vocables and uncouth English phrases. No more
The verse which we have ventured to italicize would
unpromising material than this could well be imag-
not be easy to match, even in the greatest of our
ined, yet the result impresses the reader first and
poets. The remaining contents of this volume
last as poetry of a high order. Let us quote two
include, besides the miscellaneous section, the poem
stanzas from Rhona's letter to her absent lover.
called “Christmas at the Mermaid," a lyrical rosary
“She sez, “The whinchat soon wi' silver throat
whose beads are told by Jonson and Raleigh and
Will meet the stonechat in the buddin whin,
Drayton and “W. H.," singing now the praises of
And soon the blackcap's airliest gillie ʼull float
the friend who has lately left London for the quiet
verse.


1898.]
325
THE DIAL
of Stratford, now the glories of English patriotism gled out for special praise, do not impress us as being
as illustrated by the repulse of the Armada, and quite deserving of it. Mr. William Watson has
all the great deeds that were still thrilling in English recently dissented from this critical acclaim, point-
souls. The miscellaneous pieces are mostly sonnets, ing out very justly that a great theme is as import-
and nearly all of them are of an occasional or per ant as noble treatment in the making of tragedy.
sonal character. They establish beyond cavil the There is, of course, a question-begging element in
place of their author among the great English sonnet this criticism, for the human soul may rise to gran-
writers, a place beside Milton and Keats and Words- deur in the most humble or sordid environment; but
worth and Rossetti. It is hard to choose among at least the poet should not emphasize, as Mr. Phillips
poems of such beauty and distinction, but perhaps
the sonnet-sequence What the Silent Voices Said, whose to do, the prosaic surroundings of the women
whose tragedy is portrayed in these two poems. As
inspired by the funeral of Tennyson, may be taken Mr. Ruskin has said more than once, the dying-out
as the high-water mark of the poet's achievement in of the soul within a man or a woman is an awful
this sort of memorial verse. Of the six sonnets thus thing, fit for the most tragic contemplation ; but the
linked together, we quote the last.
effect may be spoiled by an excess of realism in the
“Beyond the sun, beyond the furthest star,
treatment. At least the realism should be spiritual
Shines still the land which poets still may win
rather than material, a truth that Mr. Phillips seems
Whose poems are their lives — whose souls within
not to have grasped in writing the poem with which
Hold daught in dread save Art's high conscience-bar-
Who have for muse a maiden free from scar-
his volume opens. Yet, for all this defect, there
Who know how beauty dies at touch of sin
are wonderful things in the poem, particularly these
Who love mankind, yet, having gods for kin,
lines descriptive of the dying soul's last moments of
Breathe, in Life's wood, zephyrs from climes afar.
hectic life.
Heedless of phantom Fame - heedless of all
“For not at once, not without any strife,
Save pity and love to light the life of Man -
It died; at times it started back to life,
True poets work, winning a sunnier span
Now at some angel evening after rain,
For Nature's martyr- Night's ancestral thrall :
Builded like early Paradise again,
True poets work, yet listen for the call
Now at some flower, or human face, or sky,
Bidding them join their country and their clan."
With silent tremble of infinity,
Two sonnets, one addressed to Mrs. Garfield in the
Or at some waft of fields in midnight sweet,
hour of her great sorrow,
the other “ To Britain and
Or soul of summer down in the dark street.'
America” on the death of Lowell, have a peculiar There are exquisite things, too, in the “Christ in
interest to American readers, and no generous Amer-
Hades ” phantasy, by which Mr. Phillips first made
ican can be deaf to the appeal of such lines as these : himself known a year or more ago, and which comes
“How shall ye honor him whose spirit stands
at the close of the present collection. But our highest
Between you still ? — keep Love's bright sails afloat, praise and remaining space must be reserved for
For Lowell's sake, where once ye strove and smote “Marpessa,” a poem which could hardly have been
On waves that must unite, not part, your strands."
written had it not been for Tennyson's “Tithonus,"
During the past few weeks the name of Mr. which is constantly awakening echoes of the great
Stephen Phillips has become, in certain critical quar singers of the past, yet has so distinctive a beauty of
ters at least, one to conjure with. The loud acclaim its own that we should mourn indeed were it to be
which has greeted his recent volume of “ Poems,” | lost out of the treasury of our literature. “ Mar-
coupled with the notoriety attendant upon his ex pessa, being given by Zeus her choice between the
ploitation by a self-constituted English Academy,” god Apollo and Idas a mortal, chose Idas ”- such
have together made his name familiar to a great is the descriptive legend which introduces us to the
many readers. The thin volume by which the ex poem. Here is the plea of Idas for the love of
travagant claims made for Mr. Phillips by his spon Marpessa, a passage of such perfect beauty as to
sors must either be justified or fall to the ground
need no commentary.
is now before us, and the question becomes pertinent
“I love thee then
whether he has really achieved greatness or merely
Not only for thy body packed with sweet
Of all this world, that cup of brimming June,
had it thrust upon him by over-zealous friends. That jar of violet wine set in the air,
When we remember the sort of thing that even so That palest rose sweet in the night of life;
sane and conservative a critic as R. H. Hutton not
Nor for that stirring bosom all besieged
By drowsing lovers, or thy perilous hair;
so long ago said in “ The Spectator" about the then
Nor for that face that might indeed provoke
newly-discovered poet of " Wordsworth's Grave," Invasion of old cities; no, nor all
we are at least given pause at sound of the praise Thy freshness stealing on me like strange sleep.
that has been heaped upon Mr. Phillips, and made
Not for this only do I love thee, but
to realize the unwisdom of a stampeded judgment.
Because Infinity upon thee broods ;
And thou art full of whispers and of shadows.
Some degree of suspicion is justifiable under these Thou meanest what the sea has striven to say
circumstances, and it is therefore something of a So long, and yearned up the cliffs to tell ;
surprise to find the work of Mr. Phillips on the
Thou art what all the winds have uttered not,
whole so admirable. It is of very uneven quality,
What the still night suggesteth to the heart.
Thy voice is like to music heard ere birth,
indeed, and such poems as “ The Wife” and “The Some spirit lute touched on a spirit sea;
Woman with the Dead Soul,” which have been sin-
Thy face remembered is from other worlds,


326
[May 16,
THE DIAL
It has been died for, though I know not when,
Watson is at his best when he essays some bit of spir-
It has been sung of, though I know not where.
itual portraiture, as in these “Jubilee Night” verses :
It has the strangeness of the luring West,
And of sad sea-horizons; beside thee
“Long watched I, and at last to the sweet dale
I am aware of other times and lands,
Went down, with thoughts of two great women, thoughts
Of birth far-back, of lives in many stars.
Of two great women who have ruled this land;
O beauty lone and like a candle clear
Of her, that mirrored a fantastic age,
In this dark country of the world! Thou art
The imperious, vehement, abounding spirit,
My woe, my early light, my music dying."
Mightily made, but gusty as those winds,
Her wild allies that broke the spell of Spain ;
Even the god cannot match the eloquence of this And her who sways, how silently! a world
appeal, and the maiden makes choice of the mortal. Dwarfing the glorious Tudor's queenliest dreams;
The lot of Tithonus seems to her far less desirable Who, to her wellnigh more than mortal task,
than the lot of human lovers who grow old together,
Hath brought the strength-in-sweetness that prevails,
The regal will that royally can yield:
in whom passion of youth becomes transmuted into Mistress of many peoples, heritress
the calm affection of maturity.
Of many thrones, wardress of many seas;
“So shall we live.
But destined, more melodiously than thus,
To be hereafter and forever hailed,
And though the first sweet sting of love be past,
The sweet that almost venom is, though youth,
When our imperial legend shall have fired
With tender and extravagant delight,
The lips of sage and poet, and when these
The first and secret kiss by twilight hedge,
Shall, to an undispersing audience, sound
The insane farewell repeated o'er and o'er,
No sceptred name so winningly august
Pass off; there shall succeed a faithful peace;
As Thine, my Queen, Victoria the Beloved !"
Beautiful friendship tried by sun and wind,
The poet of "Homeward Songs by the Way” has
Durable from the daily dust of life.”
endeared himself to the lovers of contemplative
The poem which contains these passages, and others verse, and his new volume will meet an appreciative
of almost equal beauty, constitutes a real addition welcome from readers whose souls are attuned to
to English song, and makes us exceedingly hopeful the elusive harmonies of his soft and dreamy meas-
of the writer's future.
ures. In “The Earth Breath, and Other Poems
We have given up hoping for great things from
Celtic color and glamour are blent with a strain of
Mr. William Watson. He has a considerable talent
oriental mysticism, and the product is exquisitely
for serious verse of the higher imitative order, but imaginative and tender. It is indeed a “ fountain
that talent was displayed almost if not quite as fully
of shadowy beauty” (to quote one of the happiest
in his first volume as in any succeeding one. " The
titles of the volume) whose springs are at the com-
Hope of the World” is the eighth collection of orig-
mand of this fine spirit, but the passion is no less
inal verse that he has put forth, and is, like its pre-
deep for being veiled in these subtle mists of deli-
decessors, a curious mixture of strength with weak-
cate imagery. Let us reproduce one of the simpler
ness, of intellectual passion with mere rhetorical lyrics.
“Image of beauty, when I gaze on thee,
froth. For one thing, Mr. Watson cannot get rid
Trembling I waken to a mystery,
of the self-consciousness that even here, in his latest
How through one door we go to life or death
volume, prompts him to describe himself as
By spirit kindled or the sensual breath.
Singing a nation's woe, in wonder and ire,
" Image of beauty, when my way I go;
Against me half the wise and all the great."
No single joy or sorrow do I know :
One of the most unfortunate things about Mr. Wat-
Elate for freedom leaps the starry power,
The life which passes mourns its wasted hour.
son's verse is that it so often inevitably invites com-
parison with the greatest achievements of English
“And, ah, to think how thin the veil that lies
Between the pain of hell and paradise !
song, and naturally to its discomfiture. Readers of
Where the cool grass my aching head embowers
“ Hellas, Hail !” cannot help thinking of the glori-
God sings the lovely carol of the flowers."
ous lyrical outburst of another “Hellas,” while the
Lovelier than these verses, if such a thing be possi-
poem to “ The Unknown God " deliberately chal-
ble, are the stanzas which dedicate the volume to
lenges comparison with Mr. Kipling's magnificent
Mr. W. B. Yeats.
“Recessional.” Whatever may be the philosophical
justification for the intellectual attitude of this invo-
“I thought, beloved, to have brought to you
A gift of quietness and ease and peace,
cation, the poverty of its form is evident enough
Cooling your brow as with the mystic dew
when we put by the side of the poorest of Mr. Kip-
Dropping from twilight trees.
ling's stanzas such a passage as the following:
“Homeward I go not yet; the darkness grows;
“Best by remembering God, say some,
Not mine the voice to still with peace divine:
We keep our high imperial lot.
From the first fount the stream of quiet flows
Fortune, I fear, hath oftenest come
Through other hearts than mine.
When we forgot - when we forgot!"
“Yet of my night I give to you the stars,
We cannot ignore a contrast thus forced upon our
And of my sorrow here the sweetest gains,
attention, and the pale abstractions of Mr. Watson's
And out of hell, beyond its iron bars,
My scorn of all its pains."
verses make but a poor showing by the side of the
rich imagery and the religious passion of Mr. Kip The “Poems of a Country Gentleman" are simple
ling's hymn. In this as in his other volumes Mr. and sincere exercises in verse, reflecting the moods
72


1898.)
327
THE DIAL
The pretty
of a recluse and a lover of nature.
fancy embodied in the lines entitled “On the Roman
Wall” may serve to illustrate this writer's quality.
The flower in question is a corydalis, a native of the
Campagna.
“Fair, simply-blowing floweret wild,
Small, short-lived star of earth,
Thou, like some gypsy-stolen child,
Art here of alien birth-
* (Here, where the grassy mound I trace,
Green foss and ruin'd wall,
That tells me of a conquering race
And the proud conqueror's fall.)
“For, musing here on Hadrian's dyke,
How far away seems Rome!
And I, to find elsewhere thy like,
Must seek it there, at home.
“How camest thou thence ? from that bright land
March'd legions in array ;
But whose the soft and gentle hand
That brought the flower away?
“Sick of the time and all its fears,
Did some Italian maid,
Watering theo oft with secret tears,
Nurse thee thro' sun and shade?"
my Rose!
“I wish we could love as the bees love,
To rest or to roam without sorrow or sigh:
With laughter, when, after the wooer had won,
Love flew with a whispered good-bye.
“I wish we could die as the birds die,
To fly and to fall when our beauty was best :
No trammels of time on the years of our face;
And to leave but an empty nest."
The peculiarly Celtic qualities of Mrs. Shorter's
verse reappear in the collected poems of Miss Fiona
Macleod, but touched with a finer art and glowing
with a richer passion. These are indeed “ Songs
from the Hills of Dream," and the light that is upon
them never shone upon earth's landscap save to
the spiritual vision. No unpurged eye may view
“ The Rose of Flame,” but to the poet it is truer than
truth itself.
"Oh, fair immaculate rose of the world, rose of my dream,
Beyond the ultimate gates of dream I have heard thy mystical
call :
It is where the rainbow of hope suspends and the river of
rapture flows
And cool sweet dews from the wells of peace forever fall."
The thought of a peace" beyond these voices” seems
to brood over the writer's imagination, again and
again inspiring such a strain as the above, or as is
found in these stanzas :
“It lies not on the sunlit hill
Nor on the sunlit plain :
Nor ever on any running stream
Nor on the unclouded main
“But sometimes, through the Soul of Man,
Slow moving o'er his pain,
The moonlight of a perfect peace
Floods heart and brain."
One or two extracts do scant justice to the rare and
exquisite beauty of these songs and lyrical ballads ;
one must become steeped in them to get their full
effect, and for this nothing less than the volume itself
will suffice.
In Mr. Lionel Johnson's new volume we have still
another example of the Celtic spirit renascent, but
the work is in this case tempered by broad intellec-
tual calture, and is no less rich in content than in
color. The noble ode to Ireland, which stands in
the forefront of the collection, is at once passionate
and austere, the utterance of a Celt with a wider
than the Celtic outlook. One stanza may be given
to illustrate the form and spirit of this fine poem.
“Proud and sweet habitation of thy dead !
Throne upon throne; its thrones of sorrow filled ;
Prince on prince coming with triumphant tread,
All passion, save the love of Ireland, stilled.
By the forgetful waters they forget
Not thee, O Inisfail !
Upon thy fields their dreaming eyes are set,
They hear thy winds call ever through each vale.
Visions of victory exalt and thrill
Their hearts' whole hunger still:
High beats their longing for the living Gael."
It is not every Irishman who could write of Crom-
well in the spirit of Mr. Johnson's poem upon the
death of the Protector, from which we take the open-
ing and closing stanzas :
Mr. Newbolt's “Admirals All” has had a marked
popular success in England, and the reason is not
far to seek. These lyrics are of sufficiently stirring
quality, and sufficiently filled with the pride of En-
glish achievements in warfare, to make them highly
acceptable to readers of the indiscriminating sort.
Technically, they are very faulty, but few readers
care anything for such a matter when they can get
the sort of thing that here follows:
"Splinters were flying above, below,
When Nelson sailed the Sound:
I would n't be elsewhere now,'
Said he, 'for a thousand pound !!
The Admiral's signal bade him fly,
But he wickedly wagged his head :
He clapped the glass to his sightless eye,
And I'm damned if I see it!' he said.
“Admirals all, they said their say
(The echoes are ringing still).
Admirals all, they went their way
To the haven under the hill.
But they left us a kingdom none can take –
The realm of the circling sea —
To be ruled by the rightful sons of Blake,
And the Rodneys yet to be."
The Celtic imagination, so rich in color, so pas-
sionate in utterance, and so devoid of real intellec-
tual content, glows in the ballads and lyrics of Mrs.
Shorter, and lends them at least a transient beauty,
although their spell is dissolved by the corrosive
touch of analysis. The most characteristic of these
pieces are the ballads, to which a brief quotation
would hardly do justice; we must, then, perforce
select for our example one of the simpler lyrics,
and “ Wishes" will do as well as another for the
purpose.
“I wish we could live as the flowers live,
To breathe and to bloom in the summer and sun :
To slumber and sway in the heart of the night,
And to die when our glory had done.
Mark you,
97


328
[May 16,
THE
DIAL
29
“Now, on his last of ways,
“The vestal flame of quenchless memory burns
The great September star,
In
шу soul's sanctuary. Yea, still for thee
That crowned him on the days
My bitter heart hath yearned, as moonward yearns
Of Worcester and Dunbar,
Each separate wave-pulse of the clamorous sea :
Shines through the menacing night afar.
My Moon of love, to whom for ever turns
The life that aches through me."
Nay, peace for ever more !
Very typical of our transition age are these outpour-
O martyred souls! He comes,
Your conquered conqueror :
ings of a soul that clings passionately to the sub-
No tramplings now, nor drums,
stance of a faith whose forms and formulæ have
Are his, who wrought your martyrdoms.
become outworn. The old wine is too precious to
"Tragic, triumphant form,
be spilled, yet the new bottles for its preserving have
He comes to your dim ways,
not yet come from the mould. The mood is one that
Comes upon wings of storm :
Greet him, with pardoning praise,
has not found complete reconcilement with philos-
With marvelling awe, with equal gaze ! ”
ophy, and which accepts with something less than
Fervent hymns of the faith in Latin and English, perfect resignation the ideal of “Nirvana.” If at
one moment it can say,
fragments of liturgical adaptation, poems of persons,
memories, and occasions, all imbued with lofty and
"Enter thy soul's vast realm as Sovereign Lord,
And, like that angel with the flaming sword,
sincere thought and emotion, are offered by this
Wave off life's clinging hands. Then chains will fall
memorable volume, which fully establishes the au From the poor slave of self's hard tyranny-
thor's position among the best of living English poets. And Thou, a ripple rounded by the sea,
In rapture lost be lapped within the All,"
There is nothing new in the collective issue of Mr.
Henley's “Poems,” but lovers of what is best in
at another it is constrained to exclaim,-
recent English song will welcome this definitive and “But when resurgent from the womb of night
Spring's Oriflamme of flowers waves from the sod;
corrected edition of a poet who has always written
When peak on flashing Alpine peak is trod
with rare sincerity, and has ever been unwilling to By sunbeams on their missionary flight;
derogate, for the sake of mere popularity, from high When heaven-kissed earth laughs, garmented in light;-
and worthy ideals of his art. An introductory note
That is the hour in which I miss my God.”
explains why a single volume of no great dimensions
The name of Tupper has not hitherto been one
is ample to contain the poetical product of a quarter with which to conjure in English literature, but it
of a century “ Small as is this book of mine, it is
now wins a new association through Mr. W. M.
all in the matter of verse that I have to show for
Rossetti, who has edited the posthumous verse of
the years between 1872 and 1897. A principal his old friend John Lucas Tupper. The author of
reason is that, after spending the better part of my this verse lived from 1826 to 1879, was a sculptor
life in the pursuit of poetry, I found myself (about first and a draftsman afterwards, was acquainted
1877) so utterly unmarketable that I had to own with the P.R. B., and published several poems in
myself beaten in art, and to addict myself to jour- « The Germ.” These are now reprinted, together
nalism for the next ten years." There are defeats with perhaps fifty pieces left in manuscript. They
that are better than victories, of which truth our at least justify publication, and perhaps more than
time has offered no better example than the author that. They have quaintness, vivid imagination, ro-
of the lines
mantic feeling, and an occasional touch of poignant
“I am the master of my fate,
I am the captain of my soul.”
sincerity. The latter quality, at least, appears in
the first lines of the poem called “ Aliens.”
Mr. Henley's utterance is as strongly individual as
“Love, when I meet thee face to face,
that of Mr. Meredith, for example, but is not affected
I feel thou art not of my race;
by the pronounced mannerisms that often make that
I know thy language is not mine,
poet so grotesquely unreadable. A striking portrait,
Or only so in the hollow sign
from the bust by Rodin, provides this welcome vol-
The lips make. Of my world of things
Thou hast no care or questionings,
ume with a frontispiece.
Nor I of thine.
“A Selection from the Poems of Mathilde Blind,”
“What words are said between us twain
made by the loving hands of Mr. Arthur Symons,
I strive to recollect, in vain.
preserves in one small volume all that is likely to be
Such merest sound the words we say,
remembered of the lyric output of that great-hearted
Our souls might be in separate spheres
That own another night and day;
woman. Poet in a high sense she was not, yet the
Thy smile, God knows, may count for tears !"
emotion that throbbed so intensely in her life and
is reëchoed in these pages cannot leave the reader
Mr. Rossetti finds the salient characteristics of his
unaffected by its glow. Here is a tender
friend's verse to be an acute susceptibility to impres-
than
song
which nothing lovelier came from her
and heart:
pen
sions, a true lyrical impetus, a certain comic feeling,
"Thou walkest with me as the spirit-light
and a repugnance to some aspects of modernism.
Of the hushed moon, high o'er a snowy hill,
The slender volume in which these qualities are dis-
Walks with the houseless traveller all the night, played is one to be read with pleasure, and to stand
When trees are tongueless and when mute the rill.
in a niche of its own in the temple of minor Victo-
Moon of my soul, O phantom of delight,
rian verse.
Thou walkest with me still.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.


1898.]
329
THE DIAL
Man and his
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
quieting and grand perspectives of the world be-
yond.” One of the most interesting suggestions in
What heightens our interest in any
In explanation
this book is the theory that the Exposition of 1889
of the French description of the present French
restored confidence in the Republic, and brought
Republic.
Republic is the nature of the issues at
France safely through the crisis of discontent sym-
stake during the first twenty years of its history. No
bolized in the Boulanger episode. “So it came to
mere question of tariffs or finance, important as these
pass,” says the author, “that, by virtue of having
may be, separated the parties. It was the more funda-
tasted for the space of several months the very great
mental problem of the organization of the powers of
and very noble joy of commanding the attention of
the central government. This has been the dominant
the world, the French citizen set to reading over
political question since the Empire, for the social and
with care the ballot which was slipped into his hand,
administrative organization which France now pos-
and when he had read it he flung it aside and took
sesses has been undisturbed by all the minor revo-
another."
lutionary shocks. Baron de Coubertin, the author
of “The Development of France under the Third
It is to be hoped that the forbidding
Republic” (Crowell), is therefore particularly for-
title of a recent work by Mr. E. P.
fellow-animals.
tunate in his subject. He is also the first to present
Evans, “Evolutional Ethics and Ani.
in English an adequate treatment of it. If he has mal Psychology" (Appleton), will not prevent the
not been altogether happy in the use of his oppor-general reader from turning the pages of the volume
tunity, it is not because his book is weakened by sufficiently to convince him that the book is one of
erroneous views, but because of his tendency to be great interest, and in style and treatment is ad-
come Delphic the moment he reaches a difficult ques dressed to a popular clientèle. Evolutional ethics
tion. For instance, when he discusses the position is the story of the development of the relation be-
of the Senate in relation to the responsibility of ween man and the animal world; and a very inter-
ministers, he takes refuge in phraseology so vague esting story it is. The conception of ethical relations
that a page of interpretation is needed before the as involving the rights of others is at first narrow,
reader, who goes to the book for instruction, may and only gradually broadens with the broadening
comprehend what it is all about. The volume gains influences of civilization. At first the tribe marks
in definiteness as the narrative proceeds. When the the horizon of ethical duties, and members of other
author reaches the history of the Ferry ministry, tribes are enemies without rights or fellowship.
his account becomes clear and straightforward. Patriotism substitutes a wider field of ethical ac-
Later, nevertheless, in the chapter on the Colonies, tivity, and the recognition of a common humanity
the trouble begins again, and he seems to be making emphasizes and modifies the rights of all men. Sur-
passes in the air instead of reaching the heart of vivals of the outgrown traits are, however, not diffi-
the subject. We are assured in the Introduction, cult to find. The English boor who is ever ready
by no less an authority than Dr. Albert Shaw, that to “’eave ’arf a brick" at a stranger, as well as the
the author is the Tocqueville of the present day. | innkeeper of whatever nationality who regards it as
This does not seem to argue a fitting appreciation proper to impose upon the stranger within his gates,
of either that famous Frenchman's matter or style. are not isolated instances. The enlargement of
Would Tocqueville have ascribed such wonderful altruistic tendencies gradually encompasses the ani-
powers to the statesmen of the Constituent As mal world, until to-day statutes and customs, socie-
sembly as to assert in the same sentence that these ties for the protection of animals, and hospitals for
gentlemen chopped down "monarchical institutions the care of the decrepit, are regarded as the natural
and “
gave birth” to the Constitution of 1791? provisions of an enlightened community. It is not,
Does not Baron de Coubertin's sentimentality get however, so much the ethical as the anthropological
the better of his sense of humor when he eulogizes interest which sustains the attractiveness of this
the Republic for giving the French army the Rus- story. The shifting of theory and attitude accord-
sian army as its “sister”? It is a possibility that ing to the conception of animal nature that was
the translator may be partly responsible for the tone dominant at different times unfolds a suggestive
of
many similar sentences, especially the one which panorama. The overweening conceit of man that
affirms that the French met the attacks of the Ger made him regard his world as the centre of the uni-
man press “ with every appearance of the most verse, and the spot where he dwells as the middle of
haughty calm.” Baron de Coubertin is a critic fav the earth, makes him look
upon
all the animal crea-
orable to the Republic, and evidently believes in its tion as serving his uses. Hence the degradation of
stability. His account of the reconciliation of the animals and the exaltation of man. The primitive
Church and the Republic is clear and sufficiently doctrine of metempsychosis, however, acts just the
detailed, but it is half spoiled by a sermon which he other way. Souls migrate, and human souls may
has attached to it on the nature of religion, remark pass into animal bodies, and vice versa. Hence,
ing by the way that the French are generally too animals are to be revered, protected, and held sacred.
superior" to feel the need of worship, although the In the orient, this doctrine has been very influential
Gallic soul is captivated by death, and takes pleas and has dictated a humane treatment of the dumb
ure in contemplating, during a joyous life, the dis creation. But the final step in the recognition of


330
[May 16,
THE DIAL
animal rights is the scientific one. Evolution has has hitherto been “mere groping "; but “experience
shown that men and animals have much in common, is a master from whose chastening rod none can
and the recognition of this community inevitably re escape.” To suppose, Mr. Godkin concludes, de-
sults in humane treatment. Not only in bodily struc mocracy “will not learn through mishaps and mis-
ture, but in mental endowment are animals akin to carriages would be to despair of the human race,
men; and thus the study of animal psychology gives for it is from suffering or failure that we have got
rise to evolutional ethics. Such is the interesting most of the good things in civilization. The great,
story attractively told in this volume. For the ani- perhaps the only, mistake optimists appear to make
mal psychology, less commendation can be offered. is, as I have said, the mistake of thinking there are
The stories of sagacious doings of animals are val short cuts to political happiness." Mr. Godkin's
uable only when carefully analyzed and critically style is terse and clear, and the papers in this col-
interpreted. The present collection evidences the lection-treating such subjects as “ Equality," " The
author's high opinion of the minds of animals, but Nominating System,” “The Decline of Legisla-
it carries proof to others. There is too much tures," " Peculiarities of American Municipal Gov.
reading in of human motives and ways of thinking ernment,” etc. - show both philosophic breadth and
into animal doings. As a contribution to psychology, close special knowledge.
the volume is weak; as a contribution to the an-
thropological history of the relation of man to beast,
The careful analyses of critical
Metaphysics and
it is alike valuable and readable.
Psychology.
thought and the off-hand decisions of
popular judgment frequently lead to
“Unforseen Tendencies of Democ- opposite results. The sun appears to rotate about
Modern democracy
and its tendencies. racy” (Houghton) is the collective
the earth; but it can be proved that the reverse is
title of a sheaf of thoughtful and well-true. Thus, "things are not what they seem," and
timed essays on topics of current public interest by this fact, in some of its tendencies and relations, is
Mr. E. L. Godkin, the accomplished editor of the the burden of metaphysics. Especially is this true
New York “Evening Post." With the author's of the ultimate justification and explanation of the
journalistic writings most of our readers are doubt-relations between subject and object, which is the
less familiar. In the present volume the opportu- service that metaphysics is called upon to perform
nity is given of contrasting Mr. Godkin the caustic for psychology. Professor Alfred H. Lloyd has
and somewhat dogmatical editorial writer who draws given this problem a suggestive and timely setting
his customary inspiration from such rasping themes in a volume which he entitles “ Dynamic Idealism,"
as Platt and Tammany and the Jingoes and the an elementary course in the metaphysics of psychol-
“good Americans," with Mr. Godkin the publicist ogy (McClurg). The dominant tone of the thesis
who surveys the phenomena of democracy with the is that ideas are not forms but forces; that active
serene and philosophical eye of a Lecky or a Tocque- relations, not classified elements, make up
the
ville. So far as we have discovered in these essays, tent of things in their various relations to one an-
Mr. Godkin does not once lose his temper therein other and to man. The development of this concep-
or yield to his alleged besetting propensity to scold. tion cannot readily be outlined ; interested readers,
He shows that in his more philosophical moods he who are prepared to follow with effort a detailed
can view with a lenient and even an indulgent eye argument, may be referred to the original. Such
the ways peculiar to his adopted fellow countrymen. readers, however, are not many; and in spite of the
More than once he is on the verge of praising us, ability in thought and diction which Dr. Lloyd's
of discerning a clear roseate streak of hope on the essay abundantly manifests, it in some measure evi-
horizon of our national future. In fine, while the con dences the defects which have repelled a goodly por
stant reader of Mr. Godkin's editorials might be led tion of possible readers of this field of literature.
to infer therefrom that in the author's opinion this These defects produce the feeling that the wiping
country is on the whole in a pretty bad way, such is out of distinctions in which metaphysics so fre-
not the impression to be gained from the clear and quently indulges is neither profitable nor logical.
scholarly little volume before us. It bids us hope - The metaphysicians seem to take pleasure in remov-
and now we shall all doubtless proceed to do so. ing the wax with which the practical etcher has
Mr. Godkin's aim in the present volume is not to covered his plate, so that when the whole is exposed
describe democracy –“something which," he says, to the acid of critical analysis the lines are over-
with characteristic modesty,“ has been done by abler bitten, and light and shade, even the outlines them-
hands than mine”— but to point out "some of the selves, are lost in a general confusion of black and
departures it has made from the ways which its white. And again, these defects produce the feeling
earlier promoters expected it to follow.” As he that metaphysics is not as closely related to science
points out, democracy has pretty generally done pre and knowledge as it pretends to be. It is so easy to
cisely the unexpected and the unpredicted thing. It prove that things ought or must be so, after you know
has not, it is especially encouraging to note, shown that they are so. This false air of leadership repels.
that inability to correct its mistakes which recent It is much as though the dog were to imagine that he is
writers have assumed. It is not very teachable by leading his master because he constantly runs on just
philosophers and jurists, and most of its legislation a little abead; but the wise dog looks back for indi-
con-


1898.]
331
THE DIAL
sources are.
cations of the master's proposed route. Here, again, service in our navy, and are naturally replete with
it is possible that things are not what they seem. episodes and exploits not unworthy of commemora-
It will not do for science to disparage metaphysics, tion, that have escaped the attention of the formal
nor for metaphysics to disparage science. Each has historian. Notably interesting are the journal and
a message for the other ; but it is extremely diffi notes of a cruise for the suppression of the slave-
cult to induce them to speak in the same language. trade on the African coast, left by the elder Trench-
ard; while the copious journals kept by his son when
After masterly expositions by such
Growth of the
on service in the China sea, and during his remark-
men as Professor Seeley, Captain
British Empire.
able career as commander of the United States
Mahan, and Professor Goldwin
cruiser“ Rhode Island” throughout the Civil War,
Smith, it is disappointing to find the same great sub-
are well strewn with stirring episodes heretofore
ject, “ The Growth of the British Empire,” given an
unrecorded. Among these latter may be mentioned,
inadequate and unscholarly treatment, in a volume
as especially worthy of notice, the chase and cap-
by Mr. A. T. Story, in the “ Stories of the Nations"
ture of a Confederate vessel by the “ Jamestown,
series (Putnam). The writer has set about his task
the capture of the British ship “ Richard O'Brien,"
conscientiously, yet his narrative rarely rises above
the adventure of a boat's crew from the “ Rhode
a commonplace setting forth of a tale already known.
Island” after the sinking of the “Monitor,” the cap-
His work deserves this praise, however, that it brings
ture of the Confederate vessels “ Venus,” “ Vixen,"
into juxtaposition events which Americans, at least,
and “Cronstadt,” the several chases after the sup-
do not often think of as closely related to their own
posed “Alabama," and the active participation in
colonial history. The author professes to have gone
the assaults on Fort Fisher. Decidedly interesting,
to the best sources, but the books he quotes in the
too, is the elder Trenchard's story of the battle of
footnotes suggest that he has little idea of what the
the Peiho Forts the occasion of Tattnal's famous
His most frequent reference on the
sentiment, “ Blood is thicker than water.” The chief
early colonial period in New England is " Robert-
value of the book lies, as Mr. Maclay observes, in
son's America.” Now, Robertson was a great his-
the fact that it is part and parcel of the inside his-
torian ; bat researches into the history of New En-
gland did not close with the publication of his book
tory of our navy during the period covered. The
volume is neatly made, and the edition is limited to
in 1777. The same fault appears even more strik-
750 copies.
ingly in the chapters on India, especially in the
pages on Dupleix.
The author is apparently una-
Having depicted, in the opening vol-
Napoleon III.
ware that the old calumnies against Dapleix, based
ume of his series of studies of “The
in his glory.
on incidents connected with the surrender of Madras,
Second French Empire," the early
have been silenced by later English historians, not-
exiles, mishaps, illusions, and chagrins of the Pris-
ably by Colonel Malleson ; and that Labourdonnais,
oner of Ham, M. Imbert de Saint-Amand now pro-
the rival of the French governor, praised by the
ceeds in Volume II. of the series, entitled “ Napo-
older school of English writers as the pattern of
leon III. and his Court” (Scribner), to deal with
chivalry, was probably less moved by honor in his
the second or middle phase of Louis Napoleon's cam
stubborn efforts to thwart Dupleix than by the
reer, which includes the period of his joys and tri-
£40,000 which he was to receive in case the settle-
umphs. Prominent in these pages are the Crimean
ment was put to ransom.
It is not difficult to dis-
War, the Great Exposition of 1855, the mutual
cover where the author got his knowledge of the
visits of the rulers of England and France, and at
subject.. Comparing his pages with those of Mill,
the close of the book, the birth of the ill-starred
it is apparent that he has followed Mill sentence by
Prince Imperial. M. de Saint-Amand is at once the
sentence with patient fidelity, sometimes taking over
soundest and most brilliant of the popular historians
& sentence bodily with the mere change of a word
of the day, and the present series bids fair to be the
or two. But he has improved on Mill in his char-
best and most readable concise account of Napoleon
acterizations of the Frenchman's duplicity, perhaps
III. and his entourage obtainable.
prompted by Macaulay's severer language, which,
One of the prettiest specimens of
in turn, was derived from Orme, a contemporary of
American
ornate yet chaste and tasteful book-
Dapleix, who for patent reasons failed to under-
painting.
making that has lately fallen in our
stand him. These instances will serve as illustrations
way is Mrs. Anne Hollingsworth Wharton's "Heir-
of the manner in which this work has been done.
looms in Miniature” (Lippincott). Mrs. Wharton's
Reminiscences
Mr. Edgar Stanton Maclay, whose idea was a particularly happy and timely one, and it
of the old creditable “ History of the United has been irreproachably carried out. Her original
U.S. Navy. States Navy” we reviewed at length plan was merely to gather together some interesting
some three or four years ago, has compiled a read and representative American miniatures, and to ac-
able volume of “ Reminiscences of the Old Navy company
each of these with some brief account of the
(Patnam), from the journals and private papers of person represented. As her task progressed, how-
Captain Edward Trenchard and Rear - Admiral ever, so many fresh and interesting facts as to the
Stephen Decatur Trenchard. The records of the painters and their sitters came to light in the course
Trenchards, father and son, cover eighty years of of her correspondence with the possessors of the
miniature


332
[May 16,
THE DIAL
original likenesses that her book grew insensibly although the work in this case is not strictly a new
under her hand considerably beyond its projected one, being rather the compression into a single vol-
scope and compass. In fine, Mrs. Wharton has given ume of the “ Lower Egypt” and “Upper Egypt”
us, instead of a sort of mere pictorial catalogue rai hitherto known to travellers in the East. Messrs.
sonné, an entertaining and richly illustrated work, Charles Scribner's Sons import these guide-books
brimful of interesting biographical fact and anecdote, for the American market. At the same time, we
on American miniature painting. Brief accounts are may acknowledge the receipt of our old acquaint-
given of the leading artists and their more note ance, " The Complete Pocket-Guide to Europe,” in
worthy patrons; and Mrs. J. Madison Taylor, of its latest annual revision. This marvel of compact-
Philadelphia, has added a chapter on Miniature ness is now published by Mr. W. R. Jenkins, and
Painting as an art. There are some ninety illustra bears upon its title-page the names of Mr. E. C.
tions, including the dainty tinted frontispiece por Stedman, who first planned the volume, and Dr.
trait, after Malbone, of Mrs. Alexander Bleecker, Thomas L. Stedman, who yearly brings it up to date.
of New York. In view of the current interest in
old miniatures and of the promised revival of the
useful and beautiful art of miniature painting, Mrs.
Wharton's book is well-timed and will doubtless find
BRIEFER MENTION.
the favor it deserves.
“ The Statesman's Year Book” has just made its ap-
We have spoken upon several occa-
pearance for 1898, still edited by Mr. J. Scott Keltie,
this time with the assistance of Mr. J. P. A. Renwick,
Keeping up with
sions of the important bibliograph- and published, as heretofore, by the Macmillan Co. The
the periodicals.
ical work done by Mr. W. H. Brett, special new features of this issue are a revision of the
of the Cleveland Public Library, in his “Cumula navies of the world, a series of diagrams showing the
tive Index to a Selected List of Periodicals.” The course of trade in the leading countries for twenty-
second year of this work is represented by the an five years, and a map of West Africa illustrating the
nual volume for 1897, indexing the contents of one
disputed question of the Niger. Words in praise of
hundred well-chosen periodicals. It is a volume of
this publication would be wasted, as every well-informed
635 double-columned pages, which is nearly twice
person knows it to be one of the few reference manuals
that are absolutely indispensable.
the number contained in the volume for 1896. As
Volume VIII. of the “ Harvard Studies in Classical
compared with “Poole,” this work presents a far
Philology" (Ginn) includes the following monographs:
more minute and searching analysis, although the
« The Trial of the Alcmeonidæ and the Cleisthenean
number of periodicals indexed is not so great. Constitutional Reforms,” by Mr. G. W. Botsford; “ The
Indeed, a “Poole” based upon this system would Saliva Superstition in Classical Literature,” by Mr.
prove too voluminous to come within the range of F. W. Nicolson; “Greek Grave-Reliefs," by Mr. Richard
the practicable. Mr. Brett gives us entries under Norton; and “ The Origin of Roman Prænominæ," by
both authors and subjects, references to reviews of
Mr. George D. Chase. No. VI. of the “Cornell Studies
books in great number, titles of individual poems,
in Classical Philology” (Macmillan) is devoted to a
and even references to portraits. Dates of birth
single monograph, being - Studies in Latin Moods and
Tenses," by Mr. Herbert Charles Elmer.
and death are also given with author, and biograph-
Mr. James Hamilton Wylie's “History of England
ical subject references. We hope that the publie
will provide this work with sufficient support to
under Henry the Fourth” (Longmans) is now made
complete by the publication of the fourth volume. It
insure its continuance, for its usefulness can hardly has been the work of twenty-five years of industrious
be overestimated, and the cost of its preparation application, and deals with its period as thoroughly and
must be considerable. Hereafter the bi-monthly as minutely as the period of the Long Parliament is
instalments of the "Index" will be cumulative for dealt with by Dr. Gardiner. The present volume covers
a period of six months, after which a second series the last two years (1411-1413) of Henry's reign, and
for the year will begin, but we understand that the
only about one-fourth of the contents are needed to com-
two will be combined, as at present, in the annual
plete the narrative proper. The remaining contents are
volume.
a series of thirty appendices, a glossary of obsolete
words, and a comprehensive analytical index, extending
The present time would hardly seem
Guide-books,
to two hundred pages, to the entire work.
to be auspicious for the publication “ School Reading by Grades" is a series of eight num-
of a traveller's guide-book to Spain, bers, compiled by Mr. James Baldwin, and published by
yet such a work has just appeared, and the name the American Book Co. The selections are scrappy, as
of Baedeker, the patron-saint of tourists, guarantees a matter of course, but as school readers go, this series
its superiority to all possible competitors. Further exhibits good judgment and literary taste. From the
more, if we may not make practical use of it just same publishers we have “The Story of Æneas,” by
now, we may with great satisfaction add it to the
Mr. M. Clarke, in the “Eclectic School Readings,"
and Mr. S. W. Baird's “Graded Work in Arithmetic,"
library as a reference-work of the most useful sort.
in four parts. They also send us an “Applied Physiol-
It is a volume of over six hundred pages, including
ogy,” by Dr. Frank Overton, with the chapters on “ Nar-
Portugal within its scope, but not, for some inex-
cotics" that are nowadays incorporated in books of this
plicable reason, the Balearic Islands. A Baedeker
sort, in deference to unwise legislation and an exagger-
Egypt is also
among the publications of this spring, ated phase of popular sentiment.
new and old.


1898.)
333
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 91 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
LITERARY NOTES.
A volume of dramatic sketches with the title “ Cap-
riccios," by Mr. Louis J. Block, is about to be issued
by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
A new edition, with considerable added material, of
Mr. Benjamin Kidd's “ Social Evolution,” has just been
published by the Macmillan Co.
The Macmillan Co. publish a new edition of the trans-
lation of M. Zola's “ La Débâcle," made several years
ago by Miss Elizabeth Pennell Robins.
u The Ordeal of Richard Feverel” and “ Diana of the
Crossways" have just been published by Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons in their revised edition of the novels of
Mr. George Meredith.
A fifth edition of Mr. Louis Heilprin's “ Historical
Reference Book,” revised to 1898, is now issued by the
publishers, Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., as a volume of
their useful “Concise Knowledge Library.”
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have just published
two “ French” volumes in their series of “Stories by
Foreign Authors." Each volume has a portrait frontis-
piece (Daudet and M. Coppée), and contains five or six
stories by the best modern writers.
Professor Bury's scholarly edition of Gibbon's “ De-
cline and Fall” is being somewhat deliberately carried
on to its conclusion. Volumes IV. and V. have just
appeared, leaving but two more to complete the work.
The Macmillan Co. are the publishers.
Mr. W. J. Stillman has resigned as correspondent in
Rome of the London “ Times,” and will take up his resi-
dence in England. He is said to be engaged upon a
history of Italy from 1812 to the present day, as well
as several other books.
Still another old English comedy has been enacted
by college students. This time it is Dekker's “ Shoe-
maker's Holiday," and the performance was arranged
by one of the secret societies of Harvard. The play
was given twice in Cambridge and once in Boston, all
at the close of last month.
Dr. Fridtjof Nansen's “ Farthest North" (Harper)
now appears in a one-volume “ popular edition,” made
from new plates, and containing sixteen of the more
important illustrations of the “library edition,” besides
an etched portrait of the author. It makes a volume
of nearly seven hundred pages.
Messrs. Luzac & Co., of London, publish “A Manual
of Sanskrit Phonetics," by Dr. C. C. Uhlenbeck of Am-
sterdam, being the author's English translation and re-
vision of his own “ Handboek der Indische Klankleer,"
published in 1894. The original work has, however,
been considerably augmented.
“ Little Dorrit,” « Bleak House,” and “ Barnaby
Rudge,” each in two volumes, are now ready in the
“Gadshill ” edition of Dickens's works, imported by
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The same publishers
have added “T Bride of Lammermoor to their
“ Temple" edition of the Waverley novels, issued in
connection with Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co. of London.
A new translation of Renan’s “ The Apostles,” by the
late Joseph Henry Allen, is published by Messrs. Roberts
Brothers. The « Life of Jesus,” and “ Antichrist” have
previously been set to the credit of this singularly com-
petent translator, and it is to be hoped that his death
will not interrupt the work of providing the English
public with a complete version of the seven volumes of
Renan's “ “Origines.”
“Bio-
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Robert Burns and Mrs. Dunlop : Correspondence Now
Published in Full for the First Time. With elucidations
by William Wallace. In 2 vols., illus., 12mo, gilt tops.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $5.
French Literature of To-Day: A Study of the Principal
Romancers and Essayists. By Yetta Blaze de Bury.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 279. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
A History of Italian Literature. By Richard Garnett, C.B.
12mo, pp. 431. “Literatures of the World." D. Appleton
& Co. $1.50.
Studies of Good and Evil: A Series of Essays upon Prob-
lems of Philosophy and of Life. By Josiah Royce. 12mo,
pp. 384. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Matthew Arnold and the Spirit of the Age : Papers of the
English Club of Sewanee. Edited by the President, Rev.
Greenough White, A.M. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 148. G.P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The Cruel Side of War: Letters from the Headquarters
of the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Peninsular
Campaign in Virginia in 1862. By Katharine Prescott
Wormeley. Illas., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 210. Roberts
Brothers. $1.25.
As It Seems to Me: Being Some Philistine Essays concern-
ing Several Things. By Elbert Hubbard. With portrait,
8vo, uncut, pp. 138. East Aurora, N. Y.: Roycroft Print-
ing Shop. $2.50.
The Unquiet Sex. By Helen Watterson Moody. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 159. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Gods of our Fathers: A Study of Saxon Mythology.
By Herman I. Stern. 12mo, pp. 269. Harper & Brothers.
$1.50.
How to Study Shakespeare. By William H. Fleming;
with Introduction by W. J. Rolfe, Litt.D. 16mo, pp. 429.
Doubleday & MoClare Co. $1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Vanity Fair. By William Makepeace Thackeray.
graphical” edition ; with photogravure portrait and other
illustrations, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 676. Harper &
Brothers. $1.50.
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. By Edward
Gibbon ; edited by J. B. Bury, M.A. Vols. IV. and V.;
12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. Per vol., $2.
The Works of George Meredith, Popular Edition. First
vols.: The Ordeal of Richard Feverel, and Diana of the
Crossways. Each with photogravure frontispiece, 12mo.
Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.50.
Works of Charles Dickens, “Gadshill” Edition. Edited
by Andrew Lang. New vols.: Bleak House, Barnaby
Rudge, and Little Dorrit, each in 2 vols. Illus, 8vo, gilt
tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.50.
The Life and Times of Niccolo Machiavelli. By Professor
Pasquale Villari; trans. by Madame Linda Villari. Popular
edition ; illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 1100. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $2.50.
History of Frederick the Great. By Thomas Carlyle.
“Centenary” edition ; Vol. V., with portraits, 8vo, uncut,
pp. 410. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
The Bride of Lammermoor. By Sir Walter Scott. “Tem-
ple" edition; with frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 473.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts.
HISTORY.
The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the
Present. By William Laird Clowes and others. Vol. II.;
illus. in photogravure, etc., 4to, gilt top, pp. 593. Little,
Brown, & Co. $6.50 net.
The Indian Frontier War: Being an Account of the Moh-
mund and Tirah Expeditions, 1897. By Lionel James.
Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 300. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.50.
The History of the Lowell Institute. By Harriette Knight
Smith. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 125. Lamson,
Wolffe, & Co. $1.
Henry VIII, and the Reformation, in Relation to the
Church of England. By Rev. William Frederic Faber.
18mo, pp. 55. Thomas Whittaker. Paper, 15 cts.


334
[May 16,
THE DIAL
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Henry of Guise, and Other Portraits. By H. C. MacDowall.
8vo, uncut, pp. 344. Macmillan Co. $2.75 net.
James MacDonell, Journalist. By W. Robertson Nicoll,
M.A. With portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 416. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $2,75.
The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon. Compiled
from his Diary, Letters, and Records, by his Wife and his
Private Secretary. In 4 vols.; Vol. I., 1834-1854. Illus.,
4to, pp. 373. F. H. Revell Co. $2.50.
The Eugene Field I Know. By Francis Wilson. Illus, in
photogravure, eto., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 140. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Mungo Park. By T. Banks Maclachlan, 12mo, pp. 160.
Famous Scots." Charles Scribner's Song. 75 ots.
66
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Through the Gold-Fields of Alaska to Bering Straits.
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1898.]
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336
[May 16,
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340
[June 1,
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No. 287.
JUNE 1, 1898. Vol. XXIV.
circumstances that make unusual demands
upon
the sympathies. That something like this tri-
umph was achieved by Mr. Gladstone is evi-
CONTENTS.
dent from the widespread eagerness with which
the course of his fatal disease, and the pathetic
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE .
· 343 sufferings attendant upon it, have been followed
by all kinds of readers, and the abundance of
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 345
eulogy that has been set free by the news of his
ANTIQUITY. (Poem.) A. Jessup.
final release. The last remaining member of
346
the remarkable group of men fortuitously asso-
A COUNTRYMAN OF HAMLET UPON SHAKE-
ciated by the year of their common birth, his
SPEARE. Melville B. Anderson
. 347
popular renown was perhaps greater than that
THE MATERIALS OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
of any of the others, although it may hardly be
Edwin E. Sparks .
doubted that the verdict of "them who know,"
as registered by the posterity of the twentieth
THE MEMOIRS OF A LIEUTENANT-GENERAL.
century, will assign to Lincoln a higher place
Francis W. Shepardson.
352
in the making of history, to Tennyson and Dar-
win higher places in the development of thought.
A SCIENTIFIC BIBLE DICTIONARY. Shailer
Mathews
But just now we are so impressed with the tow-
353
ering personality of the English statesman, and
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
354 feel so keenly the loss of his leadership, that
Herrick's The Gospel of Freedom.- Churchill's The the critical sense becomes deadened, and the
Celebrity. --Smith's Caleb West, Master Diver. -
temptation is well-nigh irresistible to join in the
Gillman's Hassan, a Fellah.- Miss Train's A Queen
of Hearts. - Miss Train's Madam of the Ivies.
journalistic chorus of praise in which his life-
Wells's The War of the Worlds.- Doyle's A Desert work is now being reviewed.
Drama.- Castle's The Pride of Jennico.-Murray's
To the critic determined upon unrelieved
This Little World.
eulogy there is, indeed, in the career of Glad-
stone material enough to inspire the most slug-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
357
Wellington and his lieutenants.-- Builders of Greater
gish to panegyric, achievement to the credit of
Britain. The influence of suggestion in mental pro-
the man himself and to humanity at large suf-
cesses.— A book for architects and the public.- A ficient to give pause to the voice of detraction
handbook for miners and prospectors.--Specimens of and permit the laurel-wreath of fame to rest
Napoleon I.- Tourguénieff and some of his French
unquestioned upon
his brow. The memory of
friends.- Gossip of the century.
his eloquence, the devotion inspired by his lead-
BRIEFER MENTION
360 ership, his splendid humanitarian endeavor in
behalf of oppressed peoples, his unexampled
LITERARY NOTES
361
mastery of financial and other administrative
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
problems, his instinct for righteousness in both
public and private life, his unswerving devotion
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
362 to the ideals which seemed to him worthy, how-
.
.
.
361
.


344
[June 1,
THE DIAL
ever mistaken some of them may have been, his ical and religious significance he held the scales
almost complete exemption from the human of even-handed justice.
failings that so often add a touch of pettiness The twentieth century will not find it alto-
to the lives of the most exalted, — all these gether easy to account for Gladstone's hold
things offer the strongest possible temptation upon the nineteenth century. It will have to
to deal with his memory in the spirit of the old accept the fact as unquestionable, but the ex-
adage that bids us speak nothing but good con planation will prove puzzling. He will be
cerning the dead. In this case, at least, there remembered as a Great Commoner, somewhat
is no danger of providing a new illustration of as the elder Pitt is now remembered, and men
the Shakespearian lines,
will turn to his speeches to penetrate the secret
“The evil that men do lives after them,
of his power. But in those speeches they will
The good is oft interred with their bones."
find little to remind them of the eloquence with
The danger is rather that eulogy will become which Pitt appeals to us even now from the
so indiscriminate as to make claims for Glad printed page. They will find, rather, a diffuse
stone that cannot possibly be justified, that his and common style, often weighty in matter, but
intellectual defects will be for the time forgot without wings to soar. The irony of the familiar
ten in the generous glow of feeling with which phrase, litera scripta manet, will be deeply felt
his career is commemorated.
when these dull periods are contrasted with the
The public life of Gladstone will receive its tradition of their framer's eloquence. For
final appraisement from the impartial historian Gladstone was, beyond doubt, one of the most
far on in the coming century. It is safe to say eloquent speakers who have ever moved legis-
that this appraisement will be far removed latures. But to the student of a hundred years
from the laudatory extreme of the present day from now, while the written word will indeed
when the sense of his loss is fresh in our hearts, remain for his examination, the moral fervor
and from the extreme of dispraise which his that made the word vital when spoken will have
famous volte-face of 1886 then evoked from been long since chilled, and the personality that
most of the men among his contemporaries made the word impressive will have become but
where opinions had real weight. That his plan a dim memory. How marked is the contrast
for the settlement of the Irish agitation would, between the case of Gladstone and the case of
if successfully carried out, have sown the seeds Burke. The ineffectual oratory of the eight-
of disintegration in the Constitution of the eenth-century statesman had no charm for the
United Kingdom, we firmly believe; but the sense, but the speeches that he delivered to
violence with which he was assailed for his empty benches have taken their place for all
advocacy of that plan, and the passionate way time in the literature of the world. Delivered
in which his motives were then impugned, did to inattentive ears, the depth of their political
little credit to his opponents, and afforded a wisdom and the gorgeous embroidery of their
melancholy illustration of the extremes to which style have made them an inexhaustible source
the partisan spirit may pervert the judgment. of inspiration to all succeeding generations.
The degree and quality of Gladstone's states. The speeches of Gladstone, on the other hand,
manship remain yet to be weighed in the impar for half a century compelled the attention of
tial scales of dispassionate criticism; and this crowds of eager listeners, but their power to
it is no more possible to do at the present time sway died with the breath that gave them life,
than it would have been ten years ago, for the and the statesman of the future will turn to
balance which would then have tipped far too them neither for guidance nor for inspiration.
much on the one side would just now incline What is true of Gladstone's speeches con-
far too much upon the other. Meanwhile, we sidered as literary productions is also true of
may express the opinion that the estimate made
the great mass of other printed material fur-
by Matthew Arnold not long before his death, nished forth by his busy pen. It is with regard
and published in one of the monthly reviews, to this phase of his activity more than any other
will in the end prove to have come as near as
that the day-laborers of the press, as Schopen-
any contemporary estimate to the judgment of hauer calls journalists, have shown a total lack
posterity. It has been too much the fashion to of critical discrimination. They have simply
speak slightingly of Arnold's judgment in taken for granted that so great a man must be
extra-literary matters, but his memory
will in great in whatever he undertakes, and have en-
time come to its own in this regard, and it will tertained and spread abroad-honestly enough,
be understood upon how many matters of polit no doubt - the notion that Gladstone was a


1898.]
345
THE DIAL
distinguished writer and a profound thinker. solid and consistent wisdom which can feel no
Nothing could be farther removed from the other firm foundation in the heart of man than
truth than this opinion. One may search his the Gospel Revelation, without which, even
voluminous writings in vain for anything like while we feel the poet to be an enchanter, we
high distinction in expression, while scholars in cannot accept and trust him as a guide; and
most of the special fields into which he some of which Wordsworth is an example unequaled
times made excursions have almost always re- probably in our age and unsurpassed in any
fused to take him seriously. When they were age preceding ours." Gladstone's essential
occasionally persuaded so to take him, as in the attitude toward literature is expressed, and its
case of his famous controversy with Huxley, limitations clearly emphasized, in the words
the result was much to his discomfiture. He above quoted, and in the elaboration of their
was hardly more fortunate in his Homeric thought which follows.
studies than in his championship of an old “The highest functions of the human being stand in
fashioned theology against natural science and
such intimate relations to one another that the patent
the higher criticism. He possessed a vast store
want of any one of them will commonly prevent the
of minute information
attainment of perfection in any other. The sense of
historical and ec-
upon
beauty enters into the highest philosophy, as in Plato.
clesiastical subjects, but even the great length The highest poet must be a philosopher, accomplished
of his years did not bring the philosophic mind like Dante, or intuitive like Shakespeare. But neither
in the best sense, and he always displayed an
the one nor the other can now exist in separation from
that conception of the relations between God and man,
extraordinary instinct for the exploration of
that new standard and pattern of humanity, which Chris-
“blind leads” in theological and humanistic tianity has supplied. It is true, indeed, that much of
discussion. These diversions of his literary what it has indelibly impressed upon the imagination
activity, as distinguished from his really solid and understanding, the heart and life of man, may be
work in the fields of financial, administrative,
traceable and even prominent in those who individually
disown it. The splendor of these disappropriate gifts
and political science, are for the most part in particular cases may be among the very greatest of
hopelessly futile; they have produced no more the signs and wonders appointed for the trial of faith.
than a few ripples in the current of serious Yet there is always something in them to show that they
thought, and they have no antiseptic of style to
have with them no source of positive permanent vitality;
that the branch has been torn from the tree, and that
protect them from decay.
its life is on the wane.
A man who wrote so much as Gladstone, yet
in his writing could never attain to any higher
literary qualities than a certain sincerity of pur-
pose and quiet dignity, whose manner was ha-
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
bitually diffuse and frequently commonplace,
London, May 18, 1898.
could hardly be expected to display a delicate
All our plans and schemes are gang agley." We
critical sense in dealing with literature in gen-
have no time for publishing books; and if we had, we
should find nobody willing to buy them. Your "little
eral. Omnivorous reader that he was, it was affair" with Spain has set everything topsy-turvy. Our
evidently the matter of books that he prized newspapers are now having their innings. All that we
rather than the form of its expression. One
could do was to meet at a big restaurant and have a
never knew what kind of a new book would
dinner. There we seemed to cheer up a bit; but Mr.
James Bryce, the Chairman, did not give us much chance
receive his approval, and be launched upon the
to lay any unction to our souls. He thought things
sea of an ephemeral fame by one of his famous looked bad for book publishers and booksellers, and the
post-cards. He never outgrew the didactic ideal only way out, so far as his inexperienced mind could
of literature, and the didacticism of a book, in
suggest, was by way of publishing books cheaper. Well,
we all knew that. It was not news, and it did n't help
order to win his favor, must conform pretty
us much to digest the dinner. But a good deal has been
closely to a rather narrow set of traditional lines.
written and talked since the speech was given. What
Poetry, to be really great, must have fairly it will end in must be left to the imagination.
definite religious implications, and the norm of
I have lately been told of several instances of authors
these implications must not depart very far
of the third and fourth class who vent their spleen on
from the standards of the Church of England. letters in reply to the refusal note, of a most insulting
the publishers who refuse their manuscripts, by writing
His interest in the Homeric epic, for example, character. Fortunately for these authors, the letters
derived much of its strength from fancied anal they write are private, and the publisher has perforce
ogies between the Hellenic and Hebraic ideals, to throw them into the waste-paper basket with an
amused smile. But it occurs to me that a Publishers'
and he displayed all his ingenuity in seeking Association, such as we have in this country, ought to
to establish such a synthesis. A typical pas have such letters placed before it, and the writers of
sage from one of his essays speaks of “the them noted for future reference. Only to-day I saw a


346
[June 1,
THE DIAL
letter from a lady novelist to a publisher, which, had it a good time while it lasted. Whether or no their authors
been printed, would have placed that lady in a very have enough left in them to make a second “boom”
uncomfortable position. It was written in the most remains to be seen.
insulting tone, and wound up with a threat that she Mr. Le Gallienne's “Romance of Zion Chapel " has
would hold the publisher up to the obloquy of all her been what one might call a literary success. The story
friends. Commend me to the disappointed lady novelist has been rather well received by the critics. The trouble
for politeness, and the amenities of a well-bred society. is that the reading world are not bothering their heads
The new edition of Jane Austen's novels, about which about it much here. I am sorry for this, because the
I wrote to you a few weeks ago, is now definitely an book deserves strong consideration from the guardians
nounced, in prospectus form, as “The Winchester Edi of the Nonconformist conscience. It must be that these
tion,” to consist of ten volumes of large crown octavo people do n't read much, after all, unless it be detective
size. The first two, containing “Sense and Sensibility," stories and divorce cases.
will be issued on June 8, and will be succeeded by the Carlyle's “Sartor Resartus" is to have an illustrator
remaining stories, in chronological order, two volumes in the person of Mr. Sullivan, the English artist. The
each month. Lady Susan” and “The Watsons,” says volume is to be one of the first books of the coming
the prospectus, “ will not find a place in the Winchester season, and ought to be quite an interesting item.
edition, for neither, the publisher takes leave to imagine, I am asked by Messrs. Duckworth & Co. to make a
would have been included in such an edition by the au small correction. In one of my previous letters, I an-
thoress herself.” I have little doubt that this series of nounced that these publishers were about to issue a new
Miss Austen's novels will be accepted by all lovers of edition of Butler's " Lives of the Saints." This is not so.
good and beautiful books, as the final edition. A special The series of books which they will issue is to bear the
advantage lies in the fact that readers may buy the general title, “The Saints," and to consist of an entirely
novels separately; and the price of five shillings a vol new set of “Lives.” The general editor is M. Henri
ume is low enough to tempt almost everybody.
Joly, and the English translations are to be revised by
The late Lewis Carroll's books seem, in their first the Rev. Father Tyrrell. The volumes already arranged
editions, to be bringing record prices at the auction rooms. for are “The Psychology of the Saints," by Henri Joly;
The other day, a copy of “The Garland of Rachel” sold “S. Augustine," by Ad. Hatzfeld; "S. Clotilda," by
for £12 10s.! But there happens to be something spe Godefrey Kurth; “S. Vincent de Paul,” by Prince
cial about this volume, which entitles it to a biblio Emmanuel de Broglie.
grapher's respect. The Rev. H. Daniel, Fellow and There is a noticeable absence of the “fad” in our
Bursar of Worcester College, has a private printing- social and literary life. I cannot report any single new
press of his own, and this copy of Lewis Carroll's book is " fad or “mode.” All these are apparently “off” for
one of the earliest productions of that press. Moreover, the present. We are taking things less seriously than
it is one of but thirty-two copies printed; and a curious we were wont to do. Even ourselves, we are beginning
point to note is that among these thirty-two copies there to look upon as being slightly humbugs. It would seem
are eighteen different title-pages. In 1881, when the that “fads” never appear when the spirit of true humor
volume was printed, it sold for four guineas.
is abroad. Not that we have precipitated anything great
The Rev. Stopford A. Brooke has long been engaged in humor lately; but we are enjoying ourselves a little
on a study of the works of Robert Browning, similar to more heartily, and amusing one another with theories
his work on Tennyson. The substance of the Tennyson about wars and politics and ministries and the rest. I
volume, and the groundwork of the Browning book, have come to the conclusion that there is nothing like
were both delivered as lectures at Bedford Chapel, an international imbroglio to stir the world up to a bit
during Mr. Brooke's ministry there. The Browning of genuine fun. At the same time, I must confess the
volume is so far proceeded with that the publishers ex young decadents and the rest were fun enough in their
pect to be able to issue it next October.
way, but one saw it in the funny way only when the
Our new weekly is, I hear, to be called « The Satur young gentlemen gave us a chance, - which was not
day Chronicle," and will have an influential contributor often, they were so persistently serious in their poses.
is the person of the Rt. Hon. James Bryce, M.P. What
TEMPLE SCOTT.
it intends to do exactly, I cannot say; but, no doubt, its
promoters believe that there is room for another, where
“ The Spectator" has succeeded so well.
Two books which are to be published next month will
ANTIQUITY.
deserve your careful consideration. One is “ True
Heart,” by F. Breton; and the other is a novel of West
He spoke to us of Egypt in her prime;
Indian life by Haldam McFall, the son of Mrs. Sarah He showed us pictures of the rock-hewn kings,
Grand. Both books will be issued here by Mr. Grant And Memnon's hoary bulk that no more sings
Richards; but I believe one of your publishers has ar His greeting to the morning sun. The time
ranged for their appearance on your side of the water.
Slipped back through thirty centuries dim with rime,
Mr. Eden Phillpott's “Children of the Mist” is passing And mist that veils the dawn of human things,
through the press, as is also a new story by Mr. Robert Until we felt the awe the great past brings
Buchanan to be called “Father Anthony." A story
To us who dwell in this unstoried clime.
which I understand Mr. David Christie Murray consid-
ers to be the best he has so far written, is to be pub-
And then he paused and turned; the night was torn
lished here by Mr. C. A. Pearson. Its title is to be With flying clouds, but once there gleamed a star;
“ Despair's Last Journey."
And he: “Lo, that dim light saw Egypt born;
The Kailyard” books are waning in popularity.
Before it, all earth's ages moments are,
Where once they sold in their tens of thousands, they
And all her greatness but a grain of sand."
now, so I hear, sell in tens of hundreds. Well, they had
A. JESSUP.
99


1898.]
347
THE DIAL
impression. It is beautifully and correctly
The New Books.
printed, and its contents are made easy of ac-
cess by chapter-headings and head-lines. The
task of the translators has been performed, on
A COUNTRYMAN OF HAMLET
UPON SHAKESPEARE.*
the whole, uncommonly well. There is, how-
ever, a noticeable inequality, the part done by
There is something impressive in the circum- Mr. Archer being distinctly the best. There
stance that now, three hundred
years
after the
are lapses and oversights, instances of false
first appearance of “ The Tragedy of Hamlet,
syntax, failures to verify citations from acces-
Prince of Denmark,” a work of more than
sible English sources; and the index is inade-
eight hundred pages upon Shakespeare by a quate. Perhaps the most grotesque example
Danish critic should be translated into the En-
of failure to identify a quotation is to be found
glish language. “Hamlet,” says Dr. Brandes,
at page 160, Vol. II., where a well-known pas-
“ has given the name of Denmark a world-wide
sage in Hamlet's advice to the players is taken
renown. “ Denmark,” he continues, “ has
over directly from the Danish in such a way
produced several men of note — Tycho Brahe, that its author would repudiate it.
Thorvaldsen, and Hans Christian Andersen,
At the very beginning of his book, and again
but none of them has attained a hundredth part at the very end, Dr. Brandes distinctly states its
of Hamlet's fame.” When the announcement
purpose, which is to acquaint us with Shake-
was made, two or three years ago, that the dis-
speare the man.
His true life is incorporated
tinguished Danish critic had completed a com-
in his writings : “ It is entirely our own fault
prehensive work upon Shakespeare and that it
if we know nothing whatever about him." But,
was to be translated into English, some hope Dr. Brandes is careful to add, in order to dis-
was entertained that so accomplished a writer tinguish the personality that rises from his
would give us a survey of the subject at once works, these must be read“ with an open, recep-
large, stimulating, and exact. Of the welcome tive mind, with sanity of judgment and simple
that would be accorded to a masterly treatment susceptibility to the
power of genius." These
of this great subject, there can be no doubt.
excellent principles are laid down in the very
Dr. Brandes's notable book upon the “ Chief
last paragraph of the book. At the beginning
Tendencies of the Literature of the Nineteenth also he speaks to like purpose :
Century ” was a brilliant rather than a pro “It is true that we possess in Shakespeare's Sonnets
found or exact work. But it is now well-nigh a group of poems which bring us more distinctly into
a quarter of a century since that work was touch with his personality than any of his other works.
But to determine the value of the Sonnets as autobio-
given to the world, and it was hoped that, in
graphical documents requires not only historical knowl-
undertaking to deal with the greatest and the
edge but critical instinct and tact, since it is by no means
most difficult subject in modern literature, Dr. self-evident that the poet is, in a literal sense, speaking
Brandes would not repeat the mistakes of his in his own name” (pp. 5 and 6, Vol. I.).
youth. It now appears that these high hopes To Dr. Brandes's treatment of the Sonnets
were not warranted. Dr. Brandes has doubt let us accordingly turn in order to test his own
less learned many things in the past quarter- adequacy in the qualities which he himself indi-
century, but with all his getting he has not got cates as essential to the Shakespearian critic,—
wisdom. His book has the distinction of being openness of mind, sanity of judgment, critical
the greatest literary disappointment of the tact, and historical knowledge. He begins by
period. There remains for us the somewhat committing himself unreservedly to the theory
ungrateful task of deriving such instruction as that William Herbert, afterwards Earl of Pem-
we may from the study of so brilliant a failure. broke, was the youth to whom the greater num-
A failure in the world's sense
ber of the Sonnets are addressed. The argu-
perhaps be the sense of the author too — it cer ment by which he supports this conclusion is
tainly is not. To the reader of Shakespeare it scarcely so firmly linked as circumstantial evi-
is interesting, almost captivating ; and no doubt dence should be. For example, the date of the
it will have a great sale. But it is an unsound first friendship of Shakespeare with Herbert is
book, and, as such, can bring the author no fixed as 1598, on the strength of some Latin
lasting reputation.
verses by Francis Meres which are supposed to
Superficially, the book makes a favorable
have suggested some expressions in Sonnet 55.
* WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. A Critical Study. By George
Meres, after quoting Ovid and Horace, enu-
Brandes. In two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co. merates, in imitation of them, some of the
which may
;


348
[June 1,
THE DIAL
19
woman
66
agencies that will succumb to Time sooner than with brown hair.” Yet Dr. Brandes makes
the lines of Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, and her play the woman's part — and that most
the rest of the English poets. Among these mischievously — in Shakespeare's life, and is
agencies are “ Mars : ferrum: flamma." In positive in his conviction that she is not only the
Sonnet 55, which is evidently written upon the Dark Lady of the Sonnets, but also the “ black”
text of the famous “ exegi monumentum
of Rosaline of Love's Labor's Lost," the Rosa-
Horace, occur the lines :
line of “ Romeo and Juliet," and Cleopatra.
"Nor Mars his sword nor war's quick fire shall burn After devoting many pages to the unsavory
The living record of your memory.”
gossip about her, and to the various references
Meres would have sent Shakespeare a copy of in the sonnets to the 66 coloured ill,”
his book; Shakespeare would have read his and the rest, while offering not a particle of
own praises there, and would have paid Meres proof and little enough of strong probability,
the compliment of imitating his indifferent he concludes :
Latin verses. For it is not to be supposed that • It has been established, as clearly as anything of
a genius like Shakespeare could have hit upon
this kind can be established without the direct evidence
such recondite figures as those of “ Mars his of contemporaries, that Mrs. Mary Fitton and the Dark
sword” and “ war's quick fire” without being Lady were one and the same person.”
helped to them by an ass like Meres! Yet this Compare with this the statement of the case
is the sort of thing that Dr. Brandes expressly lately made by Dr. Furnivall at the close of
declares to be conclusive proof. But this is
his comment on Lady Newdegate's book :
not all: granting that this is proved, nothing
6 The conclusion of the whole matter then is, that
is proved with reference to the date of the though the suggestion of William Herbert and Mary
Fitton as the man and the woman of the Sonnets is the
friendship in question, which is referred to as
best yet made, there is nothing like proof or good evi-
“ new,” not in Sonnet 55 but in Sonnet 56,
dence that they are the folk we want, and there is at least
which, Dr. Brandes asserts, “must date from much evidence against them.” (From "The Theatre,”
about the same time." Thus, by proving that 1st December, 1897.)
Sonnet 55 contains a commonplace or two re I have gone into this, first, because it gives
sembling something that an eulogist of Shake a fair example of Dr. Brandes's notion of his-
speare wrote in 1598, it is demonstrated that
torical evidence; and, secondly, because this
another Sonnet, which chances to stand next in Dark-Lady theory colors his entire interpreta-
the printed book, must refer to a circumstance tion of Shakespeare's character and works.
occurring in the year 1598! To point out the possessed by this and other theories equally
numerous fallacies that grin from every loop- airy in foundation, Dr. Brandes frequently
hole of this argument is an exercise in logic overcharges his colors, does violence to the
which I leave to the ingenious reader.
facts, or disregards inconvenient evidence.
Dr. Brandes next plunges into the unsavory Thus, he insists, at the close of his interesting
account of the unclean tripartite relation that study of “ Antony and Cleopatra,” that the
existed, as he and others most powerfully and dramatist puts Cleopatra, after Antony's death,
potently believe, between these two friends and “ in a much more unfavorable light” than does
Mistress Mary Fitton. In 1601 this Mistress Plutarch, purposely intending a “home-thrust”
Fitton gave birth to a child whose paternity at his bête noire, the Dark Lady. Plutarch
Herbert (now Earl of Pembroke) acknowl represents Cleopatra's pretended clinging to
edged, “ but utterly renounceth all marriage.” life as a mere feint to elude the vigilance of
This, according to Dr. Brandes, is “evidently Octavius. Shakespeare suppresses this "his-
the love-affair which forms the subject of torical explanation" of her conduct, says Dr.
Shakespeare's Sonnets. This Mistress Fitton, Brandes, in order to disparage her; for him
then, is to be accepted as the “ Dark Lady” of "she is ever the quintessence of the she-animal
the Sonnets. And upon what evidence? Abso in woman." Had Dr. Brandes not been wedded
lutely none except such as is furnished by her to the Dark-Lady theory, he might have seen
relation with Pembroke, who had numerous that Shakespeare permits us to infer the “his-
other relations of the same kind, this chancing torical explanation" of Cleopatra's conduct.
to be the one that became notorious at this par It is bad criticism to say of a dramatist that he
ticular time. We do not even know that her suppresses a motif that he distinctly implies.
complexion was dark! Lady Newdegate, who Dr. Brandes has studied his Shakespeare to
best knows the supposed portraits of her, thinks little purpose if he has not learned that it is far
them to represent “a fair red-and-white girl | from being the great dramatist's way to cross


1898.]
349
THE DIAL
her son.
every t and dot every i for us. Indeed, the tony and Cleopatra,” “Coriolanus,” “Troilus
incomparable succinctness and economy of force and Cressida,” and “Timon of Athens." To
that distinguish this play above all others are the less inspired and more depressing of these
lost, so far as here appears, upon the Danish plays he gives disproportionate attention. Thus,
critic. Let anyone without prepossession com to “Troilus and Cressida” he devotes nearly
pare Plutarch's narrative, in the translation of three times as much space as to “ Macbeth
Sir Thomas North, with the play, and judge or “King Lear”; to “Coriolanus" twice as
whether Shakespeare is disparaging Cleopatra, much, and even to “ Timon considerably
or whether he is not, on the contrary, distinctly more than to either “ Macbeth " or “ Lear.
ennobling his historical model. He emphasizes This is because he finds more of Shakespeare's
her motherhood by making her delay her death “personality” in the more “pessimistic”
in order, if possible, to obtain the kingdom for plays. His method of getting at this person-
He dignifies her by making her the ality is a simple one. He merely selects the
object of the unselfish devotion of Dolabella. character to which it suits him to ascribe the
In this episode, by the way, Shakespeare has an. utterances of the author's personal mood. In
ticipated Browning's exquisite fancy of “queen “Troilus and Cressida," for example, this char-
worship.” We feel that a woman capable of acter is the “scandalous buffoon ” Thersites.
inspiring such affection cannot be all unworthy. It is difficult to characterize this method of
Never was the charm and sacredness of “das criticism by the use of adjectives sufficiently
Ewig-Weibliche ” expressed with such heart- polite.
piercing pathos as in Cleopatra's dying words : I have given very few of the scores of exam-
“Peace, peace!
ples that might be cited in exemplification of
Dost thou not see my baby at my breast,
these strictures, but I have said enough to show
That sucks the nurse asleep?"
how baseless is the claim that this is a book
Yet all these master-strokes are lost
upon
Dr.
distinguished by “German thoroughness.” Its
Brandes. He complains that in “ Macbeth "all
two damning defects are inaccuracy of detail
is too clear,—“Nothing lies concealed between
and grandiose disregard of the relations uni-
the lines. . . . It is a rich highly moral melo-versally demanded by reasonable beings be-
drama.” Perhaps it might have been as well
tween premises and conclusions. By the method
for Dr. Brandes, and even for his public, had
of proof here adopted, any proposition can be
he postponed his ambitious work upon Shake-
demonstrated according to the mood of the au-
speare until he had dropped his plummet a little
thor. It would scarcely be a parody of Dr.
deeper into “ Macbeth” and had trained bis
Brandes's method were we to contend that
eye to catch the flashes of suggestion in “ An- Shakespeare must have been haunted by a tor-
tony and Cleopatra."
turing prevision of the vagaries of Danish crit-
The truth seems to be that Dr. Brandes is a
icism when he made the Queen in “Hamlet'
heavy-handed critic, as signally lacking in crit exclaim :
ical tact as we have seen him to be lacking in “How cheerfully on the false trail they cry!
sanity of judgment and openness of mind. After
O this is counter, you false Danish dogs.'
this, one would like to ascribe to him the re The fact that this book is, considering its
maining quality which he rightly deems essen size and comprehensiveness, one of the most
tial to the critic,— historical knowledge. Yet spirited and fascinating works ever written
no one can be said to possess historical knowl about Shakespeare, makes its defects especially
edge whose attitude toward facts is so habitu-deplorable. The author seems deliberately to
ally careless as his. To point out and exemplify have chosen the role of the special pleader
all the inaccuracies of statement and consequent rather than that of the cautious investigator. It
or causative errors of judgment in this extended is not to be denied that he is an effective writer,
work would require a volume. These inaccu nor that his rhetoric is often used in the service
racies of statement are generally minute, it is of just views. The book reads like a series of
true ; none the less, the whole book is worm University Extension” lectures by a profes-
eaten with them.
sor more adroit to persuade than scrupulous to
Dr. Brandes makes the most of Shakespeare's | instruct his audience. One is often tempted
“pessimism," bitterness,” sickness of heart, to push the work aside with the remark that it
disgust with life, “ misanthropy” and “mis- may do very well for the general public, but that
ogyny,” during the third period of his author. it is not for the student. This is, however, a
ship,—the period to which are ascribed “ An. fallacy,- one to which the kindly reviewer too


350
[June 1,
THE DIAL
often resorts in his desire to say a good word
THE MATERIALS OF AMERICAN HISTORY.*
for the work of a clever man. The truth is that
no book is fit to be recommended to the general
Some twelve years ago, Prof. Moses Coit Tyler
public which is not at the same time of value
called the attention of the American Historical
to the scholar. In other words, it must be true Society to the constant danger and frequent
as far as it goes. No one can keep in mind all destruction of the material for making complete
the minute facts and nice arguments that come the history of the United States, and urged the
within the purview of a comprehensive book Society to become the agent for the collection
about Shakespeare. The author of such a book and proper preservation of such material. But
must therefore be as scrupulous about “the it was felt that local historical societies, state
mint and the cummin ” as about “ the weightier commissions, etc., were already engaged in this
matt of the law." Attention to detail is the useful work, and that it would be wiser to help
touchstone of reverence for truth; and every these existing agencies than to create new ones.
student knows how often the weightier matters Yet, finding that many States with ample stores
hang upon trifles.
of material did nothing, and that many socie-
Dr. Brandes's book is not only interesting ties were hampered by a lack of resources, the
and skilfully written: it contains many just crit American Society, at its annual meeting in
icisms and suggestive remarks, and some inter 1895, appointed an Historical Manuscript
pretations that are brilliant and even illuminat- Commission, consisting of Professor Jameson
ing. But in order to utilize his book one must
of Brown University, Mr. Talcott Williams of
follow him up patiently step by step, exam the Philadelphia press, Professor Turner of the
ining his sources and testing his conclusions. University of Wisconsin, and Professor Trent
Such a method of reading, however profitable of the University of the South. The first Report
it
may be to the student, does not heighten of this commission is now given to the public.
one's respect for the book. One gradually be-
The members of the commission early deter-
comes convinced that the author is not always mined to omit from their consideration archives
to be trusted for his facts and never for his of all kinds, unless having a national bearing;
inferences. Of course the general reader can to avoid trenching on grounds occupied by ex-
not be expected to follow an author up in any isting agencies; and to assist societies having
such way. He could not if he would ; and Dr. matter suited for publication but without means
Brandes does his work so neatly, and with such of doing so. Naturally, the first effort was to
an air of confident superiority, that no one not
discover and catalogue the available resources.
especially acquainted with the subject would The commission, therefore, sent out two circu-
dream of distrusting him. His method is one lars, the one to individuals, the other to organ-
which has become only too common. A fasci-
A fasci izations. The response to the latter has been
nating theory is set up; doubtful traditions or more general than to the former appeal; yet
unverified statements of fact are put forward ;
sufficient returns are now in to show a surpris-
lines from the plays or the poems are pressed ingly large amount of unpublished matter, not
into service; and, out of this nebula of uncer-
alone valuable in itself but tending to throw
tainties, certainty is hocus-pocussed, and light on isolated letters already in print. To
there stands the author, with the air of being secure these papers for publication is, it must
master of the situation, pointing triumphantly be presumed, not always an easy task; hence
to his conclusion! The method is irresistible, the commission is able to announce only the
the audience is enthusiastic, and the book has hope of presenting in future reports the “cor-
an immense vogue. It is thus that many a lit. respondence of two brothers, prominent states-
erary reputation is made, many a university men of that region [the Middle States) during
chair or academic fauteuil attained. Means the first half of the present century,” and “the
while it is becoming harder and harder to se unpublished papers of one of the greatest of
cure the dissemination of reasonable views Southern statesmen.” But the profitable show-
when they chance to be unsensational; and in ing made in the first Report needs neither
this fascinating field of literary study false apology nor promises. If this be an earnest of
prophets arise to prophesy, some in Shake the future, the commission has earned the grat-
speare's name and some in Bacon's, and in their
* REPORT OF THE HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION
names to write
many
wonderful works.
OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. By J. Franklin
Jameson, Talcott Williams, Frederick J. Turner, and William
MELVILLE B. ANDERSON. P. Trent. Washington: Government Printing Office.


1898.]
351
THE DIAL
itude not only of the Historical Association, of mans imported from Holland,” and yet be
teachers and students of American history, but credited, is passing strange; but very strenuous
of every citizen who has at heart the preserva efforts were made to discover him, even the
tion of the story of our national rise and name of Washington being considered in a
progress.
process of elimination of suspected persons.
Departing from the example of the Royal Returning more closely to the period intended
Commission on Historical Manuscripts of En to be covered in the Report, the Letters of
gland (founded in 1869), which prints only Stephen Higginson, contributed largely by his
calendars of collections, the commission began grandson, Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson,
the task of selecting the matter which should present much new information concerning
make
up its first Report. The Revolutionary Shay's Rebellion, the rise of the Federalists,
period had been most largely explored and its the Essex Junto, and political life in New En.
documents most largely printed ; the Colonial gland. These letters show a wealthy Boston
period had been almost as fully exploited. It merchant and bank director, supposed to be
was therefore decided to take for the first work worth at one time over $400,000, taking an
of the commission the period from the end of active part in politics, and offering most prac-
the Revolutionary War to the beginning of the tical suggestions for the Federal Constitution
nineteenth century - a formative period when at the time of its formation. The fifty-seven
the infant republic was making its first effort letters of Higginson cover the period of 1783
to secure recognition as a nation and was learn. to 1806.
ing much by the hard rule of necessity. From The South is represented in the Report by
the Foreign Office in London extracts were the Diary of Edward Hooker, a native of Con-
made from the correspondence of Phineas necticut, who went to South Carolina from Yale
Bond, sometime British consul at Philadelphia. college, and recorded his observations on life
The letters cover the period from the beginning in that State from 1803 to 1808. The editor
of 1787 to the end of 1789, furnishing a store- has wisely sacrificed the
has wisely sacrificed the young man's opinions
house of information on the imports, exports, on the social life in South Carolina for the care-
manufacture, products, and population of the ful retention of everything bearing on the po-
States, as well as on international questions, litical life of the future great leader of the
such as the treatment of the Tories, the British South during this transitional and formative
debts owing in America, and the British soldiers period of her existence.
retained in the Western forts. The second
nd The apparently inexhaustible resources of
contribution in the Report is from Dr. Douglas the Wisconsin Historical Society have been
Brymner, Archivist of the Dominion of Canada. drawn upon for that portion of the Report
It consists of copies of four letters supposed to which represents the West, supplemented by
be written by a traitor in Philadelphia to the contributions from the library of Col. Reuben
Duke of Mirepoix, offering for a sum of money T. Durrett, of Louisville, Ky., and also from
to raise an army in Pennsylvania for marching the French Archives. The Louisiana expedi-
to Fort Pitt and assisting the French in the tion which Gen. George Rogers Clark proposed
French-Indian war. The intercepted letters to make under the patronage of Genet, in
are accompanied by nineteen others, showing 1793–5, forms the main object of the collection
the efforts put forth by the English government of letters and papers; but about it are clus-
to discover the writer. Much side information tered the interesting and sometimes puzzling
is thus given out, and one can now more readily questions of Jefferson's connivance, the atti-
appreciate the ignorance of the home govern- tude of the other officials, and the relations
ment concerning the colonies when one sees with the Indians, with Spain, and with France.
how readily the fabrications of this mysterious These documents close the Report, without an
writer were believed. He asserted that he had index.
already enlisted 1800 Germans and Irish, had An important feature of the Report is a
rallied all the able-bodied Acadians (!), and Bibliography, geographically arranged, of the
would soon have 2000 more soldiers under his printed lists and descriptions of historical man-
banner. That a man who had been “soliciteduscripts and archives in Washington and scat-
to be at the head of a considerable army to be tered through the different States. In this cat-
raised this Winter in Pennsylvania Govt. &c,” alogue the student may ascertain at least where
would place Fort Du Quesne 900 miles from he can look for unprinted material upon a sub-
Canada, and speak of the Pennsylvania “ Ger. I ject he is investigating, and thus it marks a


352
[June 1,
THE DIAL
distinct step toward that historical coöperation form, the evidences of contemporaneous treat-
and systemization so much needed for intelli-
ment are many.
gent, complete, and profitable local investiga As long as there are any unpublished papers
tion. The list is not necessarily complete, but relating to the Civil War, volumes of “me-
its publication will bring additions. It is com moirs ” must be expected, setting forth the ac-
paratively free from errors, although a few have complishments of their author in as favorable
crept in, such as (page 509) “Nimian " for a light as possible. Even if the matter is largely
Ninian Edwards.
personal, historical literature will be enriched
Certainly no one will criticise the decision of by such publications. Just why this or that
the commission to print the documents instead battle was lost, and just who was to blame for
of calendars of them; to sacrifice a certain ex certain mistakes, may not be finally determined
actness by using translations of all languages by this generation of Americans, but the his-
save French, and thereby to gain a wider use torian who tries to tell the story of our Civil
fulness; to print entire letters, and, as far as War to those who come after all the actors in
possible, entire documents, instead of extracts. the great drama are dead will have an exceed-
Some criticism may be heard concerning the ingly difficult task when he seeks the exact
selection of the material for this first report; but truth amid the contradictory accounts furnished
account should be taken of the natural difficul. in the memoirs of generals North and South.
ties under which such efforts are carried on The reader turns away from General Scho
difficulties due not to hostility on the part of field's interesting life-story with the feeling that
holders of valuable papers, but to procrastina- many men have been unduly honored by the
tion in replying to inquiries, to reluctance in people. In important movements of the Civil
giving out what is often regarded as personal or War, General Schofield had opportunity to
family history, and to the very limited resources know the leaders. At the start he was connected
of the commission, which made much of the with the army in the midst of the difficulties in
labor a labor of love.
Missouri. He realized the mistake in the battle
It now remains for teachers, students, and of Wilson's Creek, where the brave Nathaniel
readers of American history, as well as all inter Lyon sacrificed his life needlessly. He speed-
ested in this subject, to call public attention to ily formed an unfavorable opinion of General
the first fruits of the Historical Manuscripts Fremont, and his account sustains the position
Commission; to arouse general interest in fur- of those who feel that the enthusiasm of the
thering its ends; and to secure the coöperation campaign of 1856 gave to the first Republican
of other agencies well equipped to supplement candidate for the presidency a higher place in
its efforts in the praiseworthy task of preserv the esteem of the people than his abilities would
ing in all its details the interesting story of our otherwise have secured him. As each year of
great experiment in representative government. the war is described, the effect of the story is
EDWIN E. SPARKS.
distinctly depressing, because of this element
of personal criticism, which sometimes makes
a firm impress on the mind of the reader, even
when the unfavorable comment is accompanied
by words of praise. The case of General
THE MEMOIRS OF A LIEUTENANT-
Thomas is an example. If the reader should
GENERAL.*
happen to have been brought up in a part of
If there is a particular feature which gives the country filled with ex-soldiers of that army
special value to the story told by Lieutenant which loved General Thomas with a fervor of
General Schofield of his forty-six years of ser devotion rarely manifested among men, the ac-
vice in the United States army, it is that the count of the engagements in which both Gen-
various chapters are composed of materials eral Schofield and General Thomas played
gathered at the time of the events described or
prominent parts would seem unduly harsh to-
prepared immediately after the publication of ward the latter. There is evidence that personal
some volume of reminiscences which awakened feeling is involved in the pages.
recollections in the mind of the writer. And Looking backwards, many famous engage-
although the notes were carefully reëxamined ments seem based upon plans that are faulty
and revised before their publication in compact from the standpoint of a military commander,
* FORTY-SIX YEARS IN THE ARMY. By Lieutenant-General
or in the eyes of a student of strategy. The
John M. Schofield. New York: The Century Co.
battle of Bunker Hill has been severely criti-


1898.]
353
THE DIAL
cised, as showing frightful blunders on the part
A SCIENTIFIC BIBLE DICTIONARY.*
of British and Americans alike. But such crit-
icism will never affect the position of that en-
The announcement of Dr. Hastings's great
gagement in American history. It is not always Bible Dictionary, made some little time since,
well-laid plans and skilful maneuvring which
aroused considerable interest in theological cir-
succeed in warfare; sometimes it is a happy
cles. The monumental work of Smith had
conjunction of circumstance, and more than a passed through two independent revisions, but
trifle of luck. It was success which
gave
Sher one of them (that by Professors Hackett and
man's “ march to the sea its glory.
Defeat Ezra Abbott) was hopelessly out of date; while
and disaster might have shown very clearly the
the other, which appeared in England only a
lack of military skill involved in such a move few years since, covered only one-third of the
ment. The West may have been improperly work, and was very expensive. There was room
protected at a critical time. Grant may not for a thoroughly new dictionary written from
have needed Sherman's help in finishing the
a modern point of view and representing the
struggle. But the fact remains that the famous precipitate of criticism. Especially was this
march has found a place in
song
and story, and necessary in the departments of Introduction
that it will be a long time before criticism can and Biblical Theology, in which “scientific”
erase from American annals the account of that theology has made its influence most felt.
military excursion.
The first instalment of this present work is
Perhaps the most important pages in General
on the whole satisfactory, although it is marked
Schofield's volume are those given to a memo by one very serious defect: its Biblical theology
randum, written in 1868, regarding interviews
is not Biblical theology in any true sense. En-
with General Grant and Attorney-General
glish scholars, especially of the New Testament,
Evarts relative to General Schofield's accept-
however much they excel in certain lines of
ance of the portfolio of War, in the last part of investigation, have not shown such aptitude for
President Johnson's stormy administration.
such historical methods in theology as those of
As Mr. Evarts was one of the counsel for the Germany or America, and in certain instances
impeached president, and General Grant was have seemed unwilling to break free from the
outspoken against Mr. Johnson, the varying
dogmatic position of the Established Church ;
views shown make this particular memorandum but it was hoped that all this might be reme-
very interesting reading. How General Scho died in work entrusted to such competent edit-
field conducted himself in the trying situation orship as that of Dr. Hastings. But the result
is indicated in Mr. Blaine's words : “ He took has not justified the hope. Such articles as
charge of the War Department at a difficult would naturally be included under Biblical
and critical time, but his administration of it Theology are hardly more than restatements of
was in all respects successful and received the ecclesiastical or dogmatic positions supported
commendation of fair-minded men in all par- by references to Scripture texts, and in one or
ties.” Set against this achievement as a cabinet two instances the writers have apparently sub-
member in an unpleasant period might be the
stituted Church History for Scripture.
experience as commandant at West Point, the But such faulty method is confined to this
acceptance of which position General Schofield group of subjects. The articles on questions
designates “the mistake of my life.” There of chronology, history, and Introduction leave
were ups and downs in the life of forty-six
little to be desired. Here, especially, one meets
years in the army, but there were enough ele-
with considerable concession to the critical
ments of satisfaction in it to more than make
school. Professor Hommel, it is true, writes
up for any periods when the experiences were upon Babylonia and Assyria, but his position
not entirely pleasant.
can hardly be classed as that of a traditionalist;
Aside from the chapters which deal with while the papers upon the Chronology of the
events which have ooasioned controversy, the
Old Testament, and the Book of Daniel, by
volume contains much that is interesting read-
Professor E. L. Curtis, and that upon Deuter-
ing for itself alone. The recent history of the onomy by President Ryle, are, as one would
United States Army is well presented, and the
expect, abreast of the best recent conclusions.
discussions of the defensive strength of the * A DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE. Dealing with its Language,
country are full of suggestiveness at this time Literature, and Contents, including the Biblical Theology.
of war's alarms.
Edited by James Hastings, M.A., D.D., with the assistance
of John A. Selbie, M.A. Volume I. A-Feasts. New York:
FRANCIS W. SHEPARDSON. Charles Scribner's Sons.


354
(June 1,
THE DIAL
In his paper upon David, Professor H. A. distinctive delineation, and when its fundamental
White would reduce the number of Davidic theme is based upon a condition of spiritual stress
psalms as given even by Ewald. But in no case known by personal experience to every earnest man
are the articles radical in conclusion or even
or woman of this generation, it may justly claim a
suggestion.
more careful consideration than is deserved by the
The same progressive yet conservative spirit
rank and file among the productions of current fic-
tion. Such a book must be treated as literature
is to be seen in the articles dealing with similar
rather than as entertainment, and such a book we
matters in the New Testament, although the
undoubtedly have in Mr. Robert Herrick's “The
article
upon Acts hardly gives as much atten Gospel of Freedom.” Mr. Herrick's previously
tion as one could wish to the various critical published stories have shown him to be a conscien-
questions the book involves. The brilliant ar tious worker in his art, with well-conceived ideals of
ticle upon the Chronology of the New Testa both its form and its ethical content. But their scale
ment is not only one of great learning and orig-
has been so small as to preclude the putting forth of
inality but also one that shows the effect of
the most serious kind of effort, and they have dis-
recent studies. Geographical and archæological played, at the most, a talent for doing the sort of
thing that Mr. Henry James does so supremely
subjects are similarly well handled.
well, and that remains, after all, so supremely futile.
Altogether, the volume marks a distinct stage In “The Gospel of Freedom” Mr. Herrick has
in theological development, in that it is soberly
taken heart for a flight of wider sweep
than hereto-
and constructively critical. One would not ex fore, yet has been careful not to exceed the limits
pect or wish that it should represent radical of his conscious power. His art is still capable of
positions, but it will be a revelation to those much further development in several directions ; it
people who have decried or scorned critical has not acquired the strength to which it may some
results to see how far English and American
time attain, and the severe lesson of restraint has
scholars of recognized sobriety and learning
not been wholly learned. It is still too closely the
have accepted them. In this particular the
transcript of an unassimilated personal experience.
work is destined to have a lasting influence for
But it has the promise of swift and vigorous growth,
and already represents an achievement which is
the good, for it cannot fail to become authori-
considerable for 80 young a writer. The gospel of
tative among those persons whose own teach freedom is a phrase of many meanings, but they
ings will set the trend of popular theology dur are all reducible to two categories. That the truth
ing the next generation. And it further proves makes men free is one of the oldest of sayings, but
that to-day's theologians are not dogmatists, from what is it that men are to be freed? From
but are working with the acumen and method the tyranny of circumstance and environment, say
of genuine science.
SHAILER MATHEWS.
some; from the bondage of irrational instincts and
passions, say others. To put it differently, there is
an external freedom and an internal freedom, and
each has had its impassioned champions in all ages.
RECENT FICTION.*
That the latter is the truer and higher form of free-
When a book so compels the attention that one
dom is hardly to be doubted by those who have felt
wishes to read every word lest some nicety of phrase Freiheit which he has helped so many to win is the
the emancipating influence of Goethe, and the innere
or logical link be missed, when it presents a group
most precious of all possessions. Again and again
of characters each of whom receives consistent and
do we find this lesson enforced by the finer spirits
* THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM. By Robert Herrick. New of the century now ending—Schopenhauer, Arnold,
York: The Macmillan Co.
Renan, and Ibsen, — and in comparison with this
THE CELEBRITY. An Episode. By Winston Churchill.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
ideal the old outpourings against kingcraft and
CALEB West, MASTER DIVER. By F. Hopkinson Smith. priestcraft, against institutions and observances,
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
seem the “trumpery" that Dr. Ibsen contemptuously
Hassan: A FELLAH. A Romance of Palestine. By Henry styles them, seem at the best but means to an end
Gillman. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
whose existence they barely realize. Now, the per-
A QUEEN OF HEARTS. By Elizabeth Phipps Train. Phil-
son whose quest of freedom forms the substance of
adelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
MADAM OF THE IVIEs. By Elizabeth Phipps Train. Phil-
Mr. Herrick's book, although herself a woman little
adelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
above the commonplace, although not invested with
THE WAR OF THE WORLDS. By H. G. Wells. New York: qualities of extraordinary charm, although merely
Harper & Brothers.
typical of a class numbered by tens of thousands in
A DESERT DRAMA. Being the Tragedy of the Korosko. By
every advanced country, does yet in her experience
A. Conan Doyle. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
THE PRIDE OF JENNICO. By Agnes and Egerton Castle.
so embody the lesson of the two kinds of freedom
New York: The Macmillan Co.
that she becomes a significant figure. To this fine
This LITTLE WORLD. A Novel. By David Christie Murray. issue is her spirit so touched that she realizes in the
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
end, after having loosened herself from the external


1898.]
355
THE DIAL
trammels under which she chafed, that she is not about in Mr. Churchill's genial pages, not to be
really free, that her struggle for freedom has only feebly described in a summary like this. One bit
just begun, that the vital problem is still unsolved, may be quoted. The Celebrity is brought face to
and stares her in the face more threateningly than face with the two heroines, to the second of whom
did ever the problems that she had hitherto fancied he has just offered his hand and heart. She an-
were the only serious ones. Such is the main import nounces the fact to her friend, who calmly remarks :
of Mr. Herrick's novel. There remains to say that “But, Marian, you can't have him. He is engaged
the scenes are set in Paris, Florence, and Chicago, to me. And if it's quite the same to you, I want him
that the story has both action and actuality, that myself. It is n't often, you know, that one has the
the characters are well grouped, and their inter-opportunity to marry a Celebrity.” After two pages
course animated, that the residual impression is of of delicious comedy, which the girls had carefully
a clean-cut piece of workmanship. One cannot help planned in anticipation of such a scene as this, the
recalling, at times Mr. Warner's “Little Journey in denouement is reached.
the World” and its sequel, at times Dr. Ibsen's “ A
"Marian,' said Miss Trevor, 'I am going to be very gen-
Doll Home.” The heroine is placed in a situation
erous. I relinquish the prize to you, and to you only. And
I flatter myself there are not many girls in the world who
closely resembling that of Mr. Warner's heroine,
would do it.'
and she escapes from it much after Nora's fashion. “Thank you, Irene,' Miss Thorn replied gravely, 'much
That part of the book which is descriptive of life in as I want him, I could not think of depriving you.'
Mr. Herrick's adopted city will hardly be relished
“Well, there is a limit to all endurance, and the Celebrity
had reached his.
by its inhabitants. Such bits of personality as “the
Crocker,' he said, ' how far is it to the Canadian Pacific ?'
scamp that owns the mayor and the city council,” “I told him.
and the “ kind of buffoon" who represents the State “I think I had best be starting,' said he.
of Illinois at a public celebration are not numerous,
"And a moment later he had disappeared into the woods."
and few will take exception to them, but certain This amusing story will give zest to the holiday
things that are said about Chicago in general are too
hours of many readers during the present summer,
painfully truthful for their writer to hope for for and their enjoyment will no doubt be heightened by
giveness, while there is a merciless realism about his the fact that no one can miss discovering in the
report of the conversation at social gatherings that Celebrity of the novel a celebrity of actual life.
will make some of his readers grieve, and would There is a fine democracy in the novels of Mr.
make more of them grieve were the satirical intent Hopkinson Smith that goes far to cover up their
not so deftly concealed from the duller-witted. structural defects. We feel that their author is a
Finally, although a very small matter, we will re man of the wide world, not the narrow one, that
mark that Mr. Herrick should look more carefully his sympathies are not circumscribed by the limits
to his spelling of foreign words. We know of no of any caste or social stratum, that he delights in
San Geminiano in Italy or elsewhere, seduisante natural manliness, whatever the station in which it
badly needs an accent, enthusiasmes is neither may be found. The intercourse with many sorts
French nor English, and sympatico does not exist and conditions of men that has resulted from his
in any known language.
varied experiences as artist, traveller, and engineer
There is a crispness of manner and a breeziness has both widened and quickened his sympathies, and
of invention about “The Celebrity” that go far enabled him to delineate for us with equal insight
toward making it one of the most entertaining book | Venetian gondoliers, Virginia colonels, and men who
of the season. The hero is a popular American do with their hands the rough necessary work of the
story-writer, adored by young women, and celebrated world. It is the latter type that he presents to us
for both his books and his conquests. Weary of in the person of Caleb West, who is the hero of his
what he is pleased to call his fame, he repairs to a latest novel, unless indeed the real hero be no human
Western summer resort, and assumes the name of being whatever, but the lighthouse that gets itself
another man to whom he bears a close personal re built despite the fury of the adverse elements that
semblance. Here he becomes a lion of the verandas would balk civilization of its conquest. The scenes
and a leader of cotillons, incidentally occupying depicted are not unlike those in Mr. Kipling's “Cap-
himself in the pleasant task of making love to two tains Courageous," and have something of his sin-
girls. Unfortunately for him, the girls in question cerity and strength. The interest, however, is far
are not of the usual “summer type, but young more varied, and episodes from a politer sphere of
women of insight and blessed with a keen sense of existence share the attention. There is a Southern
humor. They play with him in the most delightful major” who delights us after the fashion of Col-
way, protected from discovery by the invulnerable onel Carter, and there are two love-stories –
armor of his conceit, while fate joins hands with expressed and one only suggested—besides the trag-
them in the most unexpected way by turning the edy that so nearly wrecks Caleb's life. In the strug-
real owner of the name he has assumed into an em gle of his contracting engineer with an ignorant
bezzler and fugitive from justice. How his new government inspector of the work, Mr. Smith has
friends accept the situation, pretend not to believe doubtless embodied some of his own experience with
his explanations, and hustle him away in a yacht the sort of malicious stupidity that our political sys-
and over the Canadian border, are things to be read tem too often clothes with brief official authority,
66
one


356
[June 1,
THE DIAL
and we take great satisfaction in the final discom metallic engines, and who deal death and destruc-
fiture of this particular scoundrel. But credulity is tion by means of heat-rays and poisonous suffocat-
at least strained when, after having taken elaborate
ing vapors.
The best parts of the story are those
measures to secure evidence of the incompetence of that describe the advent of the Martians in cylinders
his enemy, our engineer is made, in the closing shot from our neighbor planet, and those others that
chapters, to forget that any such evidence exists, make the terrible visitors succumb to the ravages
and to be surprised when it is forthcoming. This of the terrestrial microbe. In this book, as in such
is the chief of the several technical faults with which
others as
“ The Time Machine” and “ The Invis-
the story, in spite of its genial vitality, is clearly ible Man,” Mr. Wells accepts to the full the logical
chargeable.
implications of his primary postulate, and works in
The author of “Hassan: a Fellah” has lived for a good deal of effective realism in the detailed de-
many years in Palestine, and accumulated a great scription of occurrences. The imagination displayed
store of information concerning the history of the is somewhat unusual in intensity, although of a cheap
country, as well as concerning the customs and be sort, and if his account of “The War of the Worlds”
liefs of its Mohammedan inhabitants. This infor does not actually thrill, it may at least be admitted
mation he has unloaded in somewhat indiscriminat to entertain.
ing and wholesale fashion upon the work of fiction Dr. Conan Doyle, in “A Desert Drama," has
which bears the above title, and which proves rather found an excellent subject for dramatic narrative,
exasperating to read by reason of its effort to be so and has told a story of sustained and exciting inter-
very instructive. Stripped of its scientific and his est. A party of English-speaking tourists on the
torical accessories, it appears as a touching story of Nile who have ventured beyond the First Cataract
native love, thwarted in various ways — such as the leave their boat one morning to explore a famous
sending of the hero to Crete with the army,— but temple. They are attacked by a band of dervishes
brought to a satisfactory conclusion.
It is a con-
and taken into captivity. Some of the party are
scientious piece of work, and that is about all. murdered and the others are started by their cap-
"A Queen of Hearts," by Miss Elizabeth Phipps tors for Khartoum. At a critical juncture they are
Train, is an example of the sort of story that affords rescued by a detachment of the Egyptian Camel
an hour of mild entertainment, and is completely Corps and restored to civilization. The characters
forgotten the next week or month. It is the auto are clearly outlined, and both talk and act in a sim-
biography of an actress, nurtured in a Puritan house ple and natural manner. When one thinks of the
hold, but unable to repress the impulse to lead a temptation for melodramatic handling offered by
freer life, an impulse that has come to her legitimately such a situation, one can hardly praise the writer
enough from a French play-acting father. She be sufficiently for his restraint. Perhaps the most dis-
comes a queen of the lyric stage, enjoys a checkered tinct impression left by this strong story is of the
but successful career, and deserves, on the whole, sharp contrast between the careless ease and frivo-
the happiness that is eventually her share. The lous preoccupations of the tourist party and the grim
tone of the book is prettily sentimental, and the realities with which they are so startlingly con-
incidents of a rather stereotyped sort. It has a cer fronted. There is no nonsense about the dervishes,
tain amount of grace and animation, although the but it takes some time for their captives to realize
flush of its life has a slightly hectic suggestion. the fact and adjust their mental focus to the new
“ Madame of the Ivies,” another story by the conditions. It is not often that people are con-
same writer, reproduces these qualities with an fronted with the seriousness of life by so sharp a
altered scenario. It again takes the form of auto turn as this, and the difficult situation thus created
biography, being told by the young woman who is is handled by Dr. Doyle with an insight into the
its heroine, and who becomes the companion of an springs of character no less admirable than that
old woman who lives in absolute seclusion, as the which goes to the depiction of its external aspects.
result, partly of blindness, partly of the tragic hap- Just at this time, when the recapture of Khartoum
penings that seem to have wrecked her life. The by the forces of civilization is a certainty of the near
novel might almost be described as a pale reflection future, “A Desert Drama” is a timely book, and
of “Jane Eyre,” for it has several of the character will have a host of readers.
istics of that immortal work — the
governess,
the “The Pride of Jennico " is a quasi-bistorical novel
sombre hero, and his maniac wife, immured for of a somewhat familiar type, being concerned with
years in the family mansion. The story is brought the fortunes of an English gentleman of the eight-
to a happy ending, and sunlight at last flows into the eenth century, who falls heir to a vast estate in
lives of both the stricken mother and the injured son. Southeastern Europe, and the story of his love for
The story of “ The War of the Worlds” is con a German princess. It is a tale of long-drawn
trived with an ingenuity of invention that outdoes agonies, desperate adventures, and final success.
M. Jules Verne, yet it remains almost as unconvinc- What separates it from most books of its class is its
ing as the pseudo-scientific imaginings of that enter distinction of manner, its unusual grace of diction,
taining Frenchman. It is difficult to take seriously its delicacy of touch, and the fervent charm of its
these Martians who look like leather polyps, who go love-passages. It is a very attractive piece of ro-
stalking about England in spheroidal long-legged 'mantic fiction, scorning most of the cheap devices


1898.]
357
THE DIAL
employed by books of its general class, and relying sition to the Reform Bill gained him widespread
for its effect upon character rather than incident, obloquy; and the fickle mob, which had cheered
and upon vivid dramatic presentation rather than and deified him after Waterloo, hooted and hunted
mechanical stage-craft.
him through the streets and smashed the windows
Mr. Christie Murray is a story-teller of a some of the palace he had acquired in the heyday of his
what old-fashioned type, but for that not the less to glory. Nor was the Duke's bearing under the fire
be commended. His characters are apt to be chil of popular insult of the kind that conciliates and
dren of the soil rather than of the salon; human turneth away wrath. He could repay abuse with
beings with genuine emotions instead of the varied cutting scorn — sometimes with stinging rejoinder.
sorts of degenerates with which much of our fiction Once, on a well-known occasion, when an angry
is concerned. In the very title of his latest book, crowd ordered him to halt in a narrow street and
“ This Little World,” there is an old-fashioned ring, repeat the current popular shibboleth, “God bless
and the story turns out to be the kind of thing that Queen Caroline,” he acquiesced in the demand, but
we have read many times before, and are always added grimly as a Parthian shot while riding away,
glad to read again. In a word, it is the old story “and may all your wives be like her!” He har-
of genius, unfavored by circumstance, but working bored a strain of inbred contempt for the minds and
out a successful career from sheer strength of inner persons of those composing the theoretically most
impulse. How John Cutler dabbles in paints with sovereign stratum of the sovereign people — the
dogged determination, how a happy accident starts
o masses.” Wellington was born a "gentleman”
him on the track of technical acquirement, how he (in the technical sense) and bred a soldier. He had
toils and starves until he forces the world to recog à plain, if a strong, understanding. He was no
nize his power, how love makes him suffer for a adept at political metaphysics. He did not under-
time and rewards him in the end — these are the stand the modern apotheosis of ignorance and rags.
things of which we may read in Mr. Murray's warm He held to the old-fashioned doctrine of the supe-
hearted and wholesome tale—these and many minor rior political fitness of property and education. The
matters of interest, betraying throughout the obser mob was to him simply the mob, and there was
vant eye, the responsive sympathy, and enough of nothing sacrosanct about it. It was as good as, and
the art rhetorical to make the presentation accept no better than, the individuals that composed it;
able.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
and what those individuals were, he trusted to his
senses to tell him. The “people” meant for him,
not a sublime and mystic abstraction, clothed with
ineffable dignities and fixed inalienable rights, but
a motley multitude of widely diverse individuals,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
good, bad, and indifferent, largely untaught, un-
Major Arthur Griffiths's “Welling ruly, and unwashed, who were to be governed, not
Wellington and
his lieutenants.
ton, His Comrades and Contempora- according to some fixed fundamental scheme of
(Longmans) is a handsome eternal principles drawn from philosophy, but ac-
memorial volume, about three-fourths of which is cording to their manifest desert and the practical
devoted to the Duke, the balance of it containing exigencies of the moment. Laissez faire was a
brief sketches of his leading lieutenants, Cotton, good rule perhaps for fair weather ; but what the
Hill, Beresford, Picton, Craufurd, Moore, and the Duke's notion of the province of government in
rest. Wellington's reputation has suffered from a times of intestine storm and stress was may be
certain reaction in public sentiment of late, and gathered from the nature of his measures for the
there has even been a tendency on the part of his defense of London against the Chartists in 1848.
countrymen to harp on his familiar foibles and to The stern old soldier was prepared to deluge the
belittle his really superior gifts and services as a streets of the city with blood, as Cavaignac did in
soldier. No censor has gone quite as far as the same year at Paris, rather than allow the hordes
O'Connell did when he flouted the Iron Duke as a of vandalism and anarchy, that were plainly ready
“Stunted Corporal”; but the less admirable traits to turn the honest purposes of the actual petitioners
in his character have been somewhat unduly em to their own account, to work their infamous will on
phasized and dwelt on. We have been told that he civil society. He did not propose to see the Gordon
was harsh, unsympathetic, ungrateful; without riots repeated in his day. Major Griffiths claims
strong affection, whether as son or father; taking for his interesting memorial that it is a new move
all to his own credit, and passing on little praise and toward rehabilitating Wellington in the esteem of
fame to those who helped him to his great successes. his countrymen. He has dwelt chiefly on his hero's
The Wellington of Talavera, Vittoria, and Waterloo, military career, while not neglecting his political
has become merged somewhat in the popular appre services. Wellington's personal character is clearly
hension in the Wellington of Apsley House. All and entertainingly portrayed, and there is a rich ,
this is mainly due, perhaps, to that inevitable reac fund of anecdotes including that famous one relat-
tion of opinion and feeling which is the Nemesis of ing how Lord Uxbridge lost a leg while at the Duke's
too towering reputations. But the Duke lived to side at Waterloo, and how the sad news was imparted
see his own popularity decline. His strenuous oppo and received: “I've lost my leg, by G-d!” cas-
ries"


358
[June 1,
THE DIAL
Greater Britain.
processes.
up
his own
ually remarked his lordship, during the heat of rough and sometimes brutal methods succeeded in
battle. “ Have you, by G-d?” absently replied giving to England more complete control in the
his chief, without removing his glass from his eye. Mediterranean than she had ever exercised, a con-
The work is handsomely illustrated, mainly with trol which, since that time, has never been recovered.
portrait.
Maitland possessed great diplomatic ability as well
as strong common sense, and the arbitrariness which
A new series of biographies under the gained for him the name of “ King Tom” was often
Builders of
title “ Builders of Greater Britain”
assumed, or used as a last resort. Mr. Lord, in
(Longmans) includes men whose
spite of some vulgarisms, has written a book of great
sphere of activity has been, in the main, adminis-
interest; a book which will give to the American
trative, as well as those who have fought and ex-
reader a clearer understanding of certain staunch
plored by sea and land. The first volume of the
British characteristics, and a more intelligent appre-
series, by Mr. Martin A. S. Hume, is devoted to
Sir Walter Ralegh, — and fittingly so, for to Ralegh gland's naval supremacy and her magnificent
ciation of the men who have helped to make En-
and his brother, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, belongs the
honor of first undertaking exploration with the dis-
empire. The style is everywhere forcible and the
characterization excellent. Unfortunately, careless
tinct purpose of founding colonies, and not merely proofreading has resulted in numerous typograph-
for the sake of treasure. Ralegh's life at court,
ical errors in both of these books.
his unceasing activity in every branch of learning,
and his ability as soldier, statesman, and admiral,
The influence of
Man is a suggestible animal, says Dr.
are discussed clearly and entertainingly. Aside Suggestion in Boris Sidis, in his recent volume on
from Mr. Hume's discovery of some letters of the
mental
“ The Psychology of Suggestion
Spanish ambassador Gondomar, the work has little (Appleton); and this means that he is largely influ-
that is new either in subject-matter or treatment. enced, in his opinions, his feelings, and his actions,
Mr. Hume, in these letters, which were discovered by other forces than those which make
at Simoncas and in the Palace Library at Madrid, inward individuality. Consciously and unconsciously,
finds fresh proof of Gondomar's agency in securing he receives suggestions from his fellow-men, from
Ralegh’s execution. Extracts from them and from his environment, from the constituted order of
the other Spanish papers utilized show that “ it was things which is part of his heredity. The psychol-
no private revenge, it was no desire to inflict pun ogy of the mode of action of these varied processes
ishment for the injury actually done on the last of suggestion is full of interest, and Dr. Sidis has
Guiana
voyage, that led Gondomar to hound Ralegh made a valuable contribution alike to our general
to death, for he was practically condemned before knowledge of suggestible conditions and to the
he sailed, but to serve as an object lesson to England proper explanation and statement of the relations
that all South America, at least, belonged to Spain.” of these states to our mental life. While the main
Much is made of this new material, nearly a fourth interest centres in the increased and somewhat ab-
of the book being given up to the last Guiana voy normal suggestibility which characterizes the hyp-
age and the Spanish intrigues relating to it. Upon notic condition, and this volume is therefore mainly
the whole, the author, while devoting much space to concerned with hypnotism, it is well to emphasize.
details of home and court life, has fulfilled the pur the existence of normal suggestibility. This is well
pose of the series by emphasizing Ralegh's share in done by Dr. Sidis, by special experiments made
the development of England's colonies. The sub upon normal persons, and again by considerations
ject of the second volume of the series is Sir Thomas of social suggestion - of the forces that sway the
Maitland, a forgotten organizer, though an import- crowd in a mob. The street fakir or the shrewd
ant contributor to England's colonial greatness. political speaker may present the normal side of
The author, Mr. Walter Frewen Lord, speaking of crowd suggestibility; the contagious panic of fear,
bis hero's family, credits it with "predatory polit- the religious epidemics, commercial crises, or intel-
ical” instincts, and makes this family characteristic lectual fads, represent various types of unusual or
a partial explanation or excuse for his earlier
po abnormal “crowd" action, in all of which sugges-
litical inconsistencies. Maitland, indeed, during tion is an important factor. It is of great practical
the first years of his parliamentary experiences, importance that these influences should be fully
made bitter speeches against colonial expansion and understood. The bulk of the volume is concerned
the increase of the navy. This attitude, it would with descriptions and explanations — mainly the
seem, was assumed that his silence might be bought latter of the various hypnotic conditions, with the
by the government. His political position, how- hope of shedding light upon the true psychological
ever, become totally changed in 1802. During the differences which separate the hypnotic from the
debates on the Treaty of Amiens, and soon after normal waking consciousness. The solution is found
ward, he began those administrative labors which in the theory of a dissociation or disaggregation of
constituted his real life-work. His success as Gov- groups of mental elements, so that a part of our
ernor of Ceylon led to his appointment as Governor subconscious self is split off from the rest and acts
of Malta, carrying with it a general direction of in apparent separation from our normal personality.
English interests in the Mediterranean. Here his This subconscious self comes to the surface in all


1898.]
359
THE DIAL
A handbook
forms of hypnotic conditions, and produces many the book, but perhaps that which deals with modern
startling results. The theory is not without its church architecture shows Mr. Statham's peculiar
merits, but Dr. Sidis carries it rather too far. There powers better than any other. He is broad-minded
is a point beyond which figures of speech do not enough to recognize fully the force of a sentiment
aid explanations, and theoretical assumptions inter which has come to associate Gothic with churches,
fere with rather than promote helpful experimenta- yet he shows conclusively that the Medieval Gothic
tion. Dual personality as an unusual mental phe- form is not in all ways suited to the requirements
nomenon is interesting and worthy of record; it of a building for public worship in modern times.
cannot as yet be wisely used as a source of explana- In this, as in other chapters, many and varied illus-
tion of more common conditions. This portion of trations of different methods of treatment are given.
the volume will be too technical for the general These illustrations are beautifully executed, and are
reader, and is most likely to be questioned by the in themselves enough to make the book most val-
professional reader. The remainder of the book uable.
may be highly commended as an able and interest-
Mr. Charles A. Bramble's “A BC
ing contribution to the nature of suggestion and its
for miners
practical importance.
of Mining” (Rand, McNally & Co.)
and prospectors. is a pocket volume of 183 pages,
The title of Mr. Statham's “Modern
A book for
offered as a handbook for prospectors for minerals.
architects Architecture: A Book for Architects It appears to have been prepared with especial refer-
and the public. and the Public" (Scribner) admir ence to the Klondike, containing detailed instruc-
ably expresses its meaning. Its appeal' is both tions as to outfit of tools, clothing, and provisions
technical and popular. To make such a dual appeal needed in that inhospitable region, with particular
requires not only a most thorough knowledge of both advice as to how one shall march, camp, eat, sleep,
aspects of the subject, but a style capable of con prospect, locate and develop a claim, and sell it to
veying to the minds of the people technicalities in a pecunious and unsophisticated syndicate. Both
such a way that they can be at least partly under the merits and defects of the book indicate the work
stood, and to the minds of architects popular views of the so-called practical man, at home in the field
in such wise that they will not seem contemptible rather than at the desk. Suggestions of great vari-
and offensive because of simplicity, but useful be ety are presented, drawn evidently from the glean-
cause of suggestion. Such a style, difficult as it is, ings of long experience, and of real service to the
Mr. Statham has very happily achieved. His book novice who searches the wilderness either for land
is a most valuable contribution to the literature of or logs or lodes. The methods of testing ores are
architecture, and stands perhaps on a different well detailed, and the difficulties which beset the
plane from any of the rest. M. Viollet le Duc's analyst who works with extemporized means in a
6. The Habitations of Man in All Ages " is some rude shack by the Arctic circle are plainly stated
what on a similar plan, but is far more technical ; and skilfully met. On the other hand, the terms
and it lacks the great charm of dealing directly, as and symbols of exact science are often used without
does Mr. Statham's book, with the very buildings sufficient explanation, sometimes without any. The
that we see about us, and with some that are not tyro who needs the proportion on page 43 must
yet completed. Churches and town halls, dwelling guess that AT means assay ton : for he is not so told.
places and the buildings of trade and commerce, even The percentages given on page 95 are not obtain-
bridges, - upon all of these does Mr. Statham touch able from the chemical formulæ alongside, and the
rapidly, incisively, with the sureness of the accom names of two of the substances are of doubtful
plished artist and the wide knowledge of the man spelling. The author's ton is usually 2000 pounds,
of the world. It is fascinating to see how he takes but in the table on page 75 it is 2240 pounds. In
churches and houses and business buildings of our the same table the gallon equals 277.46 cubic inches ;
own time, many of which are familiar to us, and
178 it equals 231 cubic inches. A careful
applies to them principles of criticism which are reviser should have observed such errors, and might
derived from the study of architecture in all ages, also have thought it unnecessary to record the dif-
yet are never pedantic, never dogmatic, but always ference in color of venous and arterial blood.
suggestive, instructive, and certainly helpful to one
who would build almost any kind of a building
More light is shed on Napoleonic top-
Specimens of
to-day. His chapter on the use of iron in modern
ics by the series of “ New Letters of
Napoleon I.
construction differs so strikingly from Mr. Ruskin's
Napoleon I.” (Appleton), comprising
views on that subject, that any reader of this book the more important of those omitted from the famil-
will find the comparison interesting. The great iar collection issued under the auspices of Napoleon
English art critic writes almost entirely from the III. The present volume is a full one, though some
standpoint of the idealist. With utilitarianism he of the specimens included are mere notelets, and
has but little to do, and that little against his will. the translating and editing have been carefully done
In this book there is much stress laid upon the beau- by Lady Mary Loyd. The dates range from Jan-
tiful, but fully as much on the practical. It would uary 29, 1800, to June 19, 1815. Among the names
be hard to say which is the most interesting part of of recipients, that of Fouché appears with conspic-
on page


360
[June 1,
THE DIAL
uous frequency; and from this series of curt, per sincerely attached to his friends, and entirely ab-
emptory missives to the puissant Minister of Police sorbed in the great concern of literature, which
one can form a good notion of the status of individ seems to consist almost exclusively of novels. On
uals under the Napoleonic régime. There are many the whole, the letters bear more convincing testi-
amusing and characteristic personal references. mony to the kindness of the writer's heart than to
For example, the Emperor writes to Fouché, from the keenness of his head, and support the editor's
Pulstuck: “If M. Chénier ventures on the smallest contention that Tourguénieff was wholly innocent of
sign, let him know I will send him to the Isles of those unkind comments on his French friends which
Ste. Marguerite. The time for joking is quite gone were attributed to him and by which Daudet was so
by. Let him keep quiet. That is the only right he bitterly offended.
possesses.
Do not allow that jade, Madame de
The two handsome volumes entitled
Staël, to come near Paris. I know she is not far Gossip of
“ Social Hours with Celebrities
the century.
off.” Some months later, Madame comes in for a
(Macmillan), though numbered and
still fiercer reference, and for an epithet quite un-
indexed as an independent work, really form, as the
mentionable to ears polite : "I am resolved she shall
title-page indicates, the third and fourth volumes of
never leave Geneva. Let her consort, if she chooses,
the late Mrs. W. Pitt Byrne's lively and entertain-
with the friends of Prince Louis! Paying court
ing “Gossip of the Century.” The editor is Miss
one day to the great a patriot, a democrat, the
R. H. Rusk, and she has shown due diligence and
next! One's indignation boils over at sight of all
the shapes assumed by this —, a fright into the bar- derful medley of anecdote and chit-chat which her
judgment in reducing to comparative order the won-
gain !” Quite refreshing, especially just at present, sister, Mrs. Byrne, had stored up as material for a
is the following token of the imperial attitude
projected continuation of her popular book. We shall
toward mischievous journalism : “The Journal de
not attempt to furnish even a specimen list of Mrs.
l'Empire still goes on badly. What business has it
Byrne's gallery of celebrities, English and foreign
to insert Mr. Canning's speech in the Copenhagen
(she runs the social gamut from kings and prelates
intelligence? Had the editor that speech before
to Cartouche), still less to illustrate the anecdotal
him? Ought he to have inserted it without know-
quality of her book by quotations. Many of her
ing that it suited me? That young man is either an
stories were matter of her own personal recollection,
ill-disposed person or a fool; tell him so from me.
and most of those that were not so bear retelling.
If he does not change his ways, I shall change the
Now and then an old acquaintance crops up — for
editor.” Being annoyed by disturbances at Val-
instance, the venerable story of Rothschild's bidding
ladolid, the great man promptly directs that thirty Morny“ take two chairs ”; but the average is fairly
of the worst characters in town be arrested and
fresh. The publishers have been liberal in point of
shot; and he shuts off a doctrinal dispute with the
illustrations, which are mainly portraits.
Bishops by announcing, “I am as much of a theo-
logian as they are, and even more.” There is a
fair amount of minor information to be got from the
volume, and it should not be overlooked by close
BRIEFER MENTION.
students of Napoleonic times.
“Chambers's Biographical Dictionary” (Lippincott),
edited by Messrs. David Patrick and Francis Hindes
Tourguéniet
No very great illumination is thrown Groome, who also edited “Chambers's Encyclopædia,"
and some of his on the personality of Tourguénieff is a volume of one thousand pages, and averages ten
French friends. by that part of his correspondence biographies to a page. The editors are no snobs, for
with his friends among French men of letters which they include in their work “assassins like Abd-ul-Hamid
M. E. Halperine-Kaminsky has edited and Ethel M.
and Ravachol, knaves like Arthur Orton and Jabes Bal.
four, madmen like Herostratus and Nietzsche, traitors
Arnold has translated under the title, “ Tourgué-
like Pickle the Spy and Benedict Arnold, tagrag and
nieff and his French Circle” (Holt); The larger bobtail.” There are many good features to commend
number of the letters are addressed to Flaubert,
this most compact and serviceable volume, and the
George Sand, Daudet, Durand-Gréville, and Zola, jaunty editorial preface of two pages gives one a pleas-
and turn for the most part on appointments for ant impression of what is to follow.
meetings, visits, business relations or health, Tour “Who's Who” is an English reference manual that
guénieff's gout being perhaps the most frequently has seen the light annually for balf a century. Two
recurring topic. There is now and then an opinion years ago it fell into the hands of Mr. Douglas Sladen,
or point of view that is of greater interest to the
who introduced sundry new features, and made it a more
student of literature, but one cannot help feeling acceptable adjunct than ever to the editorial desk. The
that Tourguénieff kept his ideas for his books and
1898 volume, now before us, is the fiftieth publication,
and the second of Mr. Sladen's editing. The seven
for private conversation. He was not a letter-
thousand brief biographies have been supplied, or at
writer, but a man who from force of circumstances
least corrected, by their respective subjects. Since they
was obliged frequently to use the mails to commu eschew generalities, they may probably be relied upon.
nicate with his friends. The writer whom we see A sprinkling of American names may be found among
in these pages is a modest, kindly, helpful man, the biographies.


1898.]
361
THE DIAL
LITERARY NOTES.
one of the class of books to which More and Campanella
contributed, and which describe utopian commonwealths
with such vividness of imagination as to create a con-
siderable sense of reality. Neither this book nor the
Equality" of a year ago will bear the tests imposed
by economic science, and their essential futility has often
been demonstrated. But they will continue to appeal
to men of warm sympathies for the oppressed, and the
ethical glow which they have kindled is perhaps sufficient
to compensate for the encouragement they have given
to loose thinking and hopeless social experiments.
The Macmillan Co. have published a new edition of
“ Stories from English History,” by Rev. A. J. Church.
The Hon. William L. Wilson, President of Wash-
ington and Lee University, will be the July convocation
orator at the University of Chicago.
Messrs. Adam and Charles Black expect to begin the
tenth edition of their “ Encyclopædia Britannica " in the
year 1901, the first of the twentieth century.
Under the title of “The Red, White, and Blue," Mr.
M. F. Mansfield issues a pretty decorated booklet with
accurate texts of our four most familiar national songs.
“ The Flying Islands of the Night,” a collection of
poems, is the title of Volume VI. of the edition of Mr.
J. W. Riley's writings, in course of publication by the
Messrs. Scribner.
Two more volumes in the series of “ Stories by For-
eign Authors” have just been published by Messrs.
Charles Scribner's Sons. The contents are French and
German, respectively.
Messrs. Lee & Shepard publish “A History of Our
Country," by Mr. Edward S. Ellis, being a school text-
book of the modern sort, excellently arranged and
attractive in presentation.
An acceptable addition to the series of “Little Mas-
terpieces,” edited by Mr. Bliss Perry, and published by
the Doubleday & McClure Co., is a booklet containing
the most remarkable state papers of Abraham Lincoln,
including the “ lost speech made at Bloomington,
May 29, 1856.
Recent German text-books are the following: “Der
Praktische Deutsche ” (Jenkins), by Mr. U. J. Beiley;
Lessing's “ Minna von Barnhelm (American Book
Co.), edited by Mr. M. B. Lambert; and “ Die Freiher-
ren von Gemperlein ” with “ Krambambuli” (Heath),
being two stories by Frau von Ebner-Eschenbach, edited
by Mr. A. R. Hohlfeld.
The series of “Representative English Comedies”
which Professor Gayley is editing, and which the Mac-
millan Co. are to publish, will extend to five octavo
volumes of about 650 pages each, and about forty plays
will be included. Each play is to have its own editor
and apparatus. Heywood's “Interludes ” will open the
series, and “ The School for Scandal ” will close it.
An examination for the fellowships in classical archæ-
ology offered by the American School of Classical Stud-
ies at Athens will be held in March of next year. Two
fellowships of $600 each are provided, besides the
Hoppin fellowship of $1000 for which the candidates
must be women. Professor B. I. Wheeler, of Cornell
University will furnish applicants with all needed infor-
mation.
The death of Edward Bellamy, on May 22, was not
unexpected. He had been in declining health for some
time, and it long ago became evident that a fatal ter-
mination of his illness might not long be delayed. Born
near Springfield, Mass., in 1850, he lived to the age of
forty-eight. He was first a lawyer, then a journalist,
and finally a man of letters. His early books, “A Nan-
tucket Idyll,” “ The Blind Man's World,” and “ Dr.
Heidenhoff's Process," had no great vogue, although
discerning critics recognized their marked literary abil-
ity. But « Looking Backward " (1887) was a different
matter; it not only had an enormous sale, but it became
a sort of religion with thousands of people having inclin-
ations toward socialism. It will long be remembered as
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
June, 1898.
Afghanistan, Memories of. Gen. Sir Hugh Gough. Pall Mall.
American Girl, Ideal Training of the. Thos. Davidson. Forum.
American History, Materials of. E. E. Sparks. Dial.
American Railway Travelling, Comfort in. Pall Mall.
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Child, A Study of a. Louise E. Hogan. Harper.
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Club and Salon. Amelia Gere Mason. Century.
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Crime. J. Holt Schooling. Pall Mall.
Cromwell, A New Estimate of. J. F. Rhodes. Atlantic.
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Cuban Diplomacy, A Century of. A. B. Hart. Harper,
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Czar's People, The. Julian Ralph. Harper.
Don Quixote, Pictures for. W. D. Howells. Century.
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Indians of Southern Alaska. G. A. Dorsey. Popular Science.
Japanese Art, Outline of. E. F. Fenollosa. Century.
Manual Training. C. Hanford Henderson. Popular Science.
Marine Parks of Boston, The. Sylvester Baxter. Scribner.
Montanians, The Rollin L. Hartt. Atlantic.
Naval Conflicts, Uncertain Factors in. Ira N. Hollis. Atlantic.
Naval Subjects, Current Fallacies on. A. T. Mahan. Harper.
Normal Schools and Training of Teachers. Fred. Burk. Atlan.
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Poetry, Have We Still Need of? Calvin Thomas. Forum.
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Sahara Desert, The. Angelo Heilprin. Popular Science.
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War for Cuba, The. J. E. Chamberlain. Forum.
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362
[June 1,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 92 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
pp. 125. "
BIOGRAPHY.
Paul Kruger and his Times. By F. Reginald Statham.
With portrait and map, 8vo, uncut, pp. 312. L. C. Page
& Co. $3.
Benjamin Franklin: Printer, Statesman, Philosopher, and
Practical Citizen, 1706–1790. By Edward Robins. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 354. "American Men of Energy." G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.50.
HISTORY.
History of the Jews. By H. Graetz. Index volume, with
Memoir of the author by Dr. Philipp Bloch, a Chronolog-
ical Table of Jewish History, and four Maps. With por-
trait, 8vo, pp. 644. Jewish Pub'n Society of America. $3.
The Rise of an Empire. By Sir Walter Besant. 16mo,
"Story of the Empire." M. F. Mansfield. 500.
Stories from English History, from Julius Cæsar to Queen
Victoria. By Rev. A. J. Church, M.A. New edition ;
illus., 12mo, pp. 676. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
GENERAL LITERATURE,
Plays, Pleasant and Unpleasant. By Bernard Shaw. In
2 vols., with portrait, 12mo, uncut. H. S. Stone & Co.
$2.50.
Facts about Bookworms: Their History in Literature and
Work in Libraries. By Rev. J. F. X. O'Conor, S.J. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 87. Francis P. Harper. $2. net.
Journalism for Women : A Practical Guide. By E. A.
Bennett. 16mo, uncut, pp. 98. John Lane. 75 cts.
The Glory of the Imperfect. By George Herbert Palmer,
LL.D. 12mo, pp. 31. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cts.
The Evolution of the College Student. By William
De Witt Hyde. 12mo, pp. 39. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cts.
Speeches of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by Bliss Perry.
With portrait, 24mo, gilt top, uncat, pp. 167. • Little
Masterpieces." Doubleday & MoClure Co. 30 cts.
Our Nation and her Neighbors. By Washington Gladden.
12mo, pp. 39. Columbus : Quinius & Ridenour. Paper, 150.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of Lord Byron. New, revised, and enlarged
edition, edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge, M.A., and
Rowland E. Prothero. The Poetry, Vol. I.; 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 502. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
The Poems of Shakespeare. Edited, with Introduction
and Notes, by George Wyndham. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 342. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2.
The History of Pendennis. By William Makepeace Thack-
eray. Biographical” edition ; with Introduction by
Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Illas., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 752. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Spectator. Edited by G. Gregory Smith ; with Intro-
ductory Essay by Austin Dobson. Vol. VI., with portrait,
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 298. Charles Scribner's Song.
$1.50.
A Legend of Montrose. By Sir Walter Scott. “Temple"
edition; with frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 308. Charles
Scribner's Sons. 80 cts.
POETRY.
Morrow-Songs, 1880–1898. By Harry Lyman Koopman.
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 73. Boston: H. D. Everett. $1.
The Flying Islands of the Night. By James Whitcomb
Riley. “Homestead" edition; with frontispiece, 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 187. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold
only by subscription.)
FICTION.
The Head of the Family. By Alphonse Daudet; trans. by
Levin Carnac; with a critical sketch by Adolphe Cohn,
LL.B. Illus., 12mo, pp. 325. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
American Wives and English Husbands. By Gertrude
Atherton. 12mo, uncut, pp. 339. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
The Forest Lovers: A Romance. By Maurice Hewlett.
12mo, uncut, pp. 384. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Pearce Amerson's Will. By Richard Malcolm Johnston.
Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 275. Way & Williams.
$1.25.
Pastime Stories. By Thomas Nelson Page. Illas., 12mo,
pp. 220. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.23.
Thirty Strange Stories. By H. G. Wells. 12mo, pp. 504.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Child Who Will Never Grow Old. By R. Douglas
King. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 215. John Lane. $1.25.
A Revolutionary Love-Story, and The High Steeple of
St. Chrysostom's. By Ellen Olney Kirk. 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 255. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25.
The Lady's Walk. By Mrs. Oliphant. 12mo, uncut, pp. 251.
M. F. Mansfield. $1.50.
The Waters of Caney Fork: A Romance of Tennessee.
By Opie Read. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 287. Rand, McNally
& Co. $1.
The Duenna of a Genlus. By M. E. Francis (Mrs. Francis
Blundell). 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 368. Little, Brown,
& Co. $1.50.
Her Ladyship's Elephant. By David Dwight Wells. 12mo,
pp. 234. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25.
Gilbert Parker's Novels. New uniform edition, including
The Seats of the Mighty, The Trail of the Sword, The
Trespasser, The Translation of a Savage, and Mrs. Fal-
chion. 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. D. Appleton & Co. Boxed,
$6.50.
In the Swim: A Story of Currents and Under-Currents in
Gayest New York. By Richard Henry Savage. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 361. Rand, McNally & Co. $1.
A Trooper of the Empress. By Clinton Ross. 12mo, pp. 224.
D. Appleton & Co. Cloth, $1.; paper, 50 cts.
A Champion in the Seventies. By Edith A. Barnett. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 365. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
Ionia: Land of Wise Men and Fair Women. By Alexander
Craig. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 301. Chicago: E. A.
Weeks Co. $1.25.
Futility. By Morgan Robertson. 18mo, pp. 145. M. F.
Mansfield. 75 cts.
Stories by Foreign Authors. New vols.: French, Vol. III.,
and German, Vol. I. Each with portrait, 16mo. Charles
Scribner's Sons. Per vol., 75 cts.
Word for Word and Letter for Letter: A Biographical
Romance. By A. J. Drexel Biddle. Illus., 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 207. Philadelphia : Drexel Biddle. 75 cts.
A Duel with Destiny, and Other Stories. By Edith Town-
send Everett. With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 162.
Philadelphia: Drexel Biddle. 75 cts.
The Revenge of Lucas Helm. Trans. from the French of
Auguste Blondel. With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 76.
Philadelphia: Drexel Biddle. 50 cts.
Shantytown Sketches. By Anthony J. Drexel Biddle.
New edition ; illus., pp. 67. Philadelphia : Drexel Biddle.
25 cts.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Rand, McNally & Co.'s Globe Library: A Woman Worth
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Life's Blindfold Game. By Maggie Swan. 12mo, pp. 260.
Per vol., 25 cts.
G. W. Dillingham Co.'s Metropolitan Library: A Mem-
ber of Congress. By William Wentworth. 12mo, pp. 243.
50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Journal of Jacob Fowler, Narrating an Adventure
from Arkansas through the Indian Territory, Oklahoma,
Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, to the sources of Rio
Grande del Norte, 1821-22. Edited by Elliott Coues. Large
8vo, uncut, pp. 183. "American Explorers." Francis P.
Harper. $3.
Brown Men and Women; or, The South Sea Islands in
1895 and 1896. By Edward Reeves. Illus., 8vo, uncut,
pp. 294. Macmillan Co. $3.50.
The Isles and Shrines of Greece. By Samuel J. Barrows.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 389. Roberts Brothers. $2.
Choses et Gens d'Amérique. Par Th. Bentzon. 16mo,
uncut, pp. 334. Paris : Calmann Lévy. Paper,
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Christian Pastor and the Working Church. By
Washington Gladden, D.D. 8vo, pp. 485. “International
Theological Library." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
The Sacred Books of the East (American Edition), Edited
by F. Max Müller. Vol. II., The Sacred Laws of the
Aryas, Parts I. and II., trans. by Georg Bühler. 8vo,
pp. 675. Christian Literature Co. $3.


1898.)
363
THE DIAL
The Mistakes of Ingersoll. By Rev. Thomas McGrady.
12mo, pp. 344. Curts & Jennings. $1.
Christ in the Daily Meal; or, The Ordinance of the Break-
ing of Bread. By Norman Fox, D.D. 16mo, pp. 138.
Fords, Howard & Hulbert. 50 cts.
The Construction of the Bible. By Walter F. Adeney,
M.A. 12mo, pp. 86. Thomas Whittaker. 50 cts.
Popular Religious Series. New vols.: For Mother, and
Kind and True. Each by Joanna P. Moore. 12mo. F.H.
Rovell Co. Per vol., paper, 25 cts.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
The Federalist: A Commentary on the Constitution of the
United States. By Alexander Hamilton, James Madison,
and John Jay; edited by Paul Leicester Ford. 12mo,
pp. 793. Henry Holt & Co. $2.50.
Congressional Committees: A Study of the Origins and
Development of our National and Local Legislative Meth-
ods. By Lauros G. McConachie, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 441.
"Library of Economics and Politics." T. Y. Crowell &
Co. $1.75.
Karl Marx and the Close of his System : A Criticism. By
Eugen v. Böhm-Bawerk; trans. by Alice M. Macdonald;
with Preface by James Bonar, M.A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 221.
Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS.
The First Philosophers of Greece: An Edition and Trans-
lation of the Remaining Fragments of the Pre-Sokratic
Philosophers, Together with a Translation of the More
Important Accounts of their Opinions Contained in the
Early Epitomes of their Works. By Arthur Fairbanks.
12mo, pp. 300. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
A Study of Ethical Principles. By James Seth, M.A.
Third edition, revised and enlarged; 12mo, pp. 470.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
NATURE AND SCIENCE.
Bird Studies: An Account of the Land Birds of Eastern
North America. By William E. D. Scott. Illus. from
photographs, large 8vo, pp. 363. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Boxed, $5.
Outlines of the Earth's History: A Popular Study in
Physiography. By Nathaniel Southgate Shaler. Ilus.,
12mo, pp. 417. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75.
A Bibliography of the Anthropology of Peru. By George
A. Dorsey. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 150. Chicago: Field
Columbian Museum. Paper.
The Story of Photography. By Alfred T. Story. Illus.,
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& Co. 40 cts.
MEDICINE.
Operative Gynecology. By Howard A. Kelly, A.B. Vol. I.,
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D. Appleton & Co.
REFERENCE.
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only by subscription.)
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A Boy I Knew and Four Dogs. By Laurence Hutton.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 87. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
A Son of the Revolution: A Story of the Days of Burr's
Conspiracy. By Elbridge S. Brooks. Illus., 8vo, pp. 301.
W. A. Wilde & Co. $1.50.
Four for a Fortune: A Tale. By Albert Lee. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 269. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
The M. M. C.: A Story of the Great Rockies. By Charlotte
M. Vaile. Illus., 12mo, pp. 236. W. A. Wilde & Co. $1.25.
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The Development of the Child. By Nathan Oppenheim.
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Rousseau and Education according to Nature. By Thomas
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Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
Cæsar's Gallic War (Allen and Greenough's Edition). Re-
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FORD'S FEDERALIST. 12mo, $2.50 net.
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ROWAN AND RAMSAY'S CUBA (Fourth Impression). 16mo, $1.25.
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"This excellent and timely volume presents a clear and judicial account of Cuba and its history.”—The Dial.
No. 29 West Twenty-third Street, New York.


364
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366
[June 1, 1898.
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368
[June 16,
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1898.]
369
THE DIAL
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TWO BOOKS ON CUBA.
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DUE SOUTH;
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WINNING HIS WAY.
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370
[June 16, 1898.
THE DIAL
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No. 288.
JUNE 16, 1898.
Vol. XXIV.
CONTENTS.
PAGB
ARMS AND THE BOOK
.
371
.
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott
373
.
.
374
.
.
COMMUNICATION .
Democracy and Literature. Hiram M. Stanley.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VERY MODERN
LITERATURE. Edward E. Hale, Jr.
375
AN AMERICAN CHANCELLOR OF LAW. F. H.
Hodder
376
ARMS AND THE BOOK.
That the laws are silenced by the clash of
arms is one of the oldest of maxims.
own times, it should not be taken too literally,
for the fabric of the modern state is so closely
woven that parts of it may easily be torn with-
out affecting the integrity of the rest. Nothing
but the most dire of internecine embroilments
or the horrors of a widespread invasion could
now entail a real suspension of the civil law in
the relations of ordinary life. A nation like
England may wage half-a-dozen wars at once in
as many parts of the world without ceasing to
hold with an even hand the scales of domestic
justice, and without shock to the machinery of
administration. We, likewise, engaged as we
are in naval warfare, need not anticipate among
its consequences any general slackening of the
operations of law, or any irruption of the anar-
chical fires that smoulder beneath every civili-
zation. Our Enceladus is deeply buried under
the mountain, and his rumblings offer no just
cause for alarm. What we have to fear, how.
ever, and what makes the present situation of
the nation an object of tragic contemplation,
is the emergence in our public life of that spirit
of impulsive recklessness which, while it does
not actually force civilization to take a back-
ward step, confronts it with new dangers that
it is unprepared to meet, and gives effectual
pause to all the tendencies that hitherto have
been silently working toward the betterment of
our social health. Our perspective becomes
disarranged; comparatively unimportant things
become so magnified as to fill all the foreground,
while matters of the most vital importance to
our national welfare are crowded out of sight.
When the war shall have ended, and we shall
have taken stock of its total outcome, we fear
that both the narrower interests of our nation
and the wider interests of humanity in general
will be found to have lost more than they have
gained, even in the event of the most complete
success that it is possible for us to achieve.
It is not our present purpose, however, to
discuss these broader aspects of the present
conflict, but to consider how its turmoil is likely
to affect such things as education and the pro-
duction of literature. To speak first of the
PROBLEMS OF EXCHANGE AND
M. B. Hammond
TRADE,
377
.
CHAPTERS IN THE ART OF WAR. Wallace
379
Rice
.
.
IN THE REALM OF THE BIBLE, Ira M. Price 380
Mitchell's Isaiah.-Fradenburgh's Light from Egypt.
-Roads's The Fifth Gospel.–Thayer's The Hebrews
in Egypt and their Ezodus.-Smith's The Bible and
Islam. - Driver's Introduction to the Literature of
the Old Testament.- Gladden's Seven Puzzling Bible
Books. — Crockett's A Harmony of Samuel, Kings,
and Chronicles.
382
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
History of the British Navy.- Victor Hugo as ro-
vealed in his letters. - Some last words by Philip
Hamerton. - Professor Ladd and psychology.- A
sumptuous volume of bird studies.- An airy book of
reminiscences. - A century of French history.
BRIEFER MENTION
384
LITERARY NOTES
385
.
.
BOOKS OF THE HOUR. A carefully-selected List of
the Best Books on Spain, Cuba, the Army and
Navy, International Law, and other subjects of
present importance
. 386
.


372
[June 16,
THE DIAL
subject of education, we are happy to record that the effect of war is to discount the resources
the fact that some of our most honored leaders of the future and to make the material condi-
of opinion in this field have dared to risk un tions of existence harder for years to come.
popularity for the sake of the truth. To advise War means much unproductive expenditure,
young men now making their way through col and the withdrawal from industrial pursuits of
lege to abandon their studies and take the field, many capable men. It means, in the long run,
seems a questionable procedure. Our imme- increased taxation, lower real wages, and the
diate need for fighters is less urgent than our consequent necessity for retrenchment in many
need, both for the present and the future, of directions. It means, moreover, an excited and
educated men to take part in the counsels of unhealthy condition of the public mind, and a
the nation. Such men can have no more truly check upon the operation of the silent forces
patriotic aim than that of patiently continuing that, in happier times, are ever making for the
to fit themselves for the battles of the future, advance of culture and the growth of a more
the battles that must yet be fought to redeem righteous civilization. On the other hand, it
our civilization from the insidious foes that is true that these effects, while inevitable in the
work within, the bloodless battles which are to long run, are sometimes slow to make them-
be won only by the trained intellect and the selves felt, and that men may for a time be de
tempered character, and which call for a higher ceived by that feverish quickening of the indus-
form of courage than is needed to face the guns trial pulse that always accompanies war in its
of the enemy in literal warfare. As one of our earlier stages. For a while, men may fancy
correspondents suggests, the recent utterances themselves much more prosperous than they
of Professor Charles Eliot Norton constituted are, and the piper may not insist upon pay-
an act of greater bravery than was displayed by ment of his bill until it is really long overdue.
Admiral Dewey when he destroyed the Spanish Furthermore, if the war should be brought to
fleet at Manila. Magnificent as that feat was, an early end, its drain upon the resources of
it must take a lower place in the scale of cour 80 wealthy a country as ours would not be very
age than the daring of the man who, in these serious in its totality, and might be spread over
times of popular frenzy, says without regard so many years that it would not be felt very
for the consequences what he believes to be true. severely at any given time.
This is not necessarily an expression of entire In the matter of book-production, no effect
agreement with Professor Norton's views, but is as yet noticeable, and the real test of the mat-
it is a tribute of respect to the moral force and ter will come next autumn, when we learn to
the downright manliness that inspired them. what extent the plans of publishers, now being
After all, the present conditions are very dif-made for the coming season, have been inter-
ferent from those that obtained during the Civil fered with. The New York “ Times” makes
War. Then the question was one of the de the significant statement that in another fort-
fence of the nation from the forces of armed night the early Fall books will begin to be an-
rebellion ; now the question is of the perform- nounced in abundance, and it is the consen-
ance of police duty in a neighboring country. sus of opinion among the publishers that in
The call of duty to the individual citizen was case the war be terminated before September
then far more imperative than it can possibly the revival of book writing, book printing, and
be in the case of the present war, unless condi- book reading will be absolutely unprecedented.”
tions should arise that are now absolutely un We trust that this may prove a prophetic say,
foreseen. With more fighting energy at our ing, and it is an opinion not without much prob-
disposal than is likely to be needed, there is no ability. In England, Sir Walter Besant has
lack of patriotism in suggesting that the work come forward with a cheerful protest against
of education should be the last of our social the notion that war discourages literature, and
activities to be impaired by the call to arms. undoubtedly scores a point when he calls atten-
It seems proper that a journal devoted to the tion to the great literary productivity of his own
interests of literature should say something country during the trying period of the Napo
about the probable or possible effects of the war leonic wars. That the war will give American
upon the writing and publishing of books. The readers an increased interest in the literature
subject has been much belabored already, and of warfare is hardly to be doubted, and those
it is not easy to go far beyond the obvious in of our younger writers who are now gathering
dealing with it. Looking at it from the eco material from the actual observation of battles
nomic point of view, it is impossible to deny on sea and shore will not be backward in their


1898.]
373
THE DIAL
19
effort to satisfy the new demand. Mr. Zang- family. In that case, Mr. John Murray may reap, as
will's humorous suggestion that the present war
Messrs. Macmillan did over the “Life of Tennyson."
was really instigated by the Century Company Our publishers are rivalling each other in the number
Reprints, and cheap reprints, are the order of the day.
is not without its grain of truth so far as it hints
of copyright works they can issue at sixpence. Messrs.
at the probable appetite of our reading public Chatto & Windas are placing on the market a whole
during the next few years, and the flood of mem shoal by Hall Caine, Clarke Russell, Ouida, Charles
oirs, and campaign-books, and novels
Reade, and Wilkie Collins. Messrs. Sampson Low have
followed suit with works by Russell and Blackmore; and
“Of moving accidents by flood and field,
now Messrs. Macmillan & Co. announce a new series
Of hairbreadth scapes, i' th' imminent deadly breach,"
headed by Rolf Boldrewood's “ Robbery under Arms,”
will rise to full tide with the end of the nine and including works by Mrs. Oliphant and Mr. F. Marion
teenth century. The habit of reading is one
Crawford. Of course, the competition in these “six-
not easily lost, and we have small faith in the
pennies” will soon become as keen as it is in other mat-
ters, and the publishers will find that they have worried
pessimistic view that newspaper head-lines in
one another to little purpose. After all is said and done,
poster type, or even the sensational contents of only a certain number of books may be published, since
the popular periodicals, are going to be ac-
only a definite number can be sold. And that number
cepted by future readers as a substitute for promises to be reached and satisfied very quickly.
The New Vagabonds Club will give a dinner in honor
books. Rather do we believe it true that these
of the founding of the new magazine “ Literature," and
devices create a new reading public of their own, its guests are to be Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Traill. Mr.
from which the category of book-readers is being Anthony Hope is to take the chair, and Mr. Arthur Diosy
recruited year by year. Just now, perhaps,
of the Japan Society will act as vice-chairman. There
war-bulletins, and maps of the Spanish posses-
are to be speeches galore, and compliments without
number. Probably this is as it should be. The “ New
sions, and the lucubrations of imaginative news Vagabonds" are quick to recognize the coming man
paper reporters, may suffice a numerous class or the “coming event"; but both Mr. Traill and “Lit-
of readers, but it will not be for long, and the erature" have already “arrived." Mr. Traill's arrival
bookseller is not likely to find his occupation
has found him, many years ago, one of the ablest literary
men of his day. The arrival of “ Literature" finds it
gone next year, although he may have to vary
ably dull and dully able. The great point of the dinner,
his stock in trade in accordance with the changed let us hope, will be that it may help the directors of
nature of the demand made upon it by the “ Literature" to arrive at a much-needed stage of self-
public.
consciousness, and thus enable them to review their
work to see if what has been done was well done; and
how it may be possible to make it still better. It seems
to me that there is a criticism still waiting for an ex-
pression which shall be neither academic nor dilettante,
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
but which shall yet embody the finest qualities of each.
London, June 3, 1898. Such criticism, it goes without saying, demands a very
The Whitsuntide holidays are over, and now we are
facile, agile, and accomplished critic, one who is mas-
busy arranging for the summer holidays. Between now ter of the art of measuring instinctively by fixed stand-
and September very little will be done in the matter of ards, as well as of expressing the results in a polished
planning new books. What is to come is already "on and engaging diction. If there be many who have the
the stocks,” and we shall know in good time what to analytic power, they are found wanting in the syn-
expect. A small few of our publishers take the oppor thetic; and it found that the few who have the crea-
tanity, at this season, afforded them by little competi tive genius have not often the scholarship necessary for
tion, to issue some novels for seaside and holiday read making a judgment. But there are many who possess
ing; but these novels are, as a rule, of but third-rate both the scholarship and the genius; the “Quarterly
importance, and hardly worth the mentioning. Still, Review” is witness to this. It is for a journal such as
there will be one or two due in the coming month which
“ Literature " to afford such men their opportunities;
may attract more than a passing attention. Certainly
and it is for such a man as Mr. Traill to find such men,
their writers have achieved a fame which excludes them and to nourish them.
from the “ third-rate" category. I mean "The Wheel I think I have already told you of the forthcoming
of God," by George Egerton; "The Yellow Terror," by publication of a story of West Indian life by Mr.
M. P. Shiel; “ Father Anthony,” by Robert Buchanan; Haldane McFall. The title of the book is to be “ The
“ The Price of a Wife,” by John Strange Winter; and Wooings of Jezebel Pettyfer," and the work embodies
“ The Monks of the Holy Tear,” by Lucas Cleave. a vivid picture of the vie intime of the West Indian
The death of Mr. Gladstone has already brought on negroes - their ideas, superstitions, and peculiar rela-
a plague of biographers; but this is but a foretaste of tions with the white men. Mr. McFall is a step-son of
what we may have to endure before the year is out. Madame Sarah Grand, and has served some time in a
Already one hears of several larger and more important Zouave regiment. Portions of the story have already
works commissioned, as well as reprints of a few which appeared in the “ Westminster Gazette.”
have already been published. At present, the daily press By the time this reaches you, Dr. Conan Doyle will
is amusing and interesting us with the regulation remi have issued, through Messrs. Smith, Elder, & Co., his
niscences and anecdotes. Probably we shall have the volume of poems, Songs in Action," and the same
“ authoritative life” from one of the members of the publishers will have subscribed Mrs. Humphry Ward's


374
[June 16,
THE DIAL
new novel, “ Helbeck of Bannisdale.” Dr. Doyle's better. This vulgar assertion of equality implies a neg-
poem of “ The White Huntsman," published in "The lect and contempt for all that is distinguished and
Speaker,” deserves a place in his volume; it is one of superior, – that is, for all high art, literature, morals,
the finest pieces of the kind ever penned. I also ven and religion. Further, the stress of cosmopolitan com-
ture to express my belief in Mr. Stephen Phillips's poem petition in our great centres so harasses and wearies that
on Gladstone, as being an exquisite tribute to the mem many have no time nor inclination for cultivating an
ory of the great statesman.
elevated taste, but seek the easiest diversion in the vau-
Among other new books of fiction I may announce deville show and the sensational story.
Mr. Douglas Sladen's “ The Admiral," called “a Nelson On the other hand, we must acknowledge there is a
novel "; Mr. Shan F. Bullock’s “ Paying the Piper "; vast popular improvement toward culture, as is shown
Mr. Robert Macbray's “Grace O'Malley"; Mr. Harry in such enterprises as Chautauqua classes, university
Lindsay's “The Jacobite "; and Mr. W. H. Tirebuck's extension, etc. And it is interesting to note that our
“ Meg of the Scarlet Coat." I also hear of a new vol “ department stores” dispose of Shakespeare and Emer-
ume of short stories by Miss M. E. Wilkins, entitled son by the carload. Certainly every honest attempt,
“ Silence"; an English society novel by Mrs. Burton however awkward, to rise above sbeer Philistinism is
Harrison, “Two Men and a Girl”; and a Quaker story most praiseworthy, and encourages hope so far; yet it
by Mrs. Amelia E. Barr, “I, Thou, and the Other One.” cannot be doubted that mere popularism is an increas-
The two last are to be issued by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin. ingly powerful factor in controlling the yearly output of
TEMPLE SCOTT.
literature.
Now, when the many decide to read only what most
easily and directly pleases them, they put an end to the
function of the literary critic. And it is certainly true
COMMUNICATION.
that sound and sober criticism of a high type has less
and less to do in determining the publication and circu-
DEMOCRACY AND LITERATURE.
lation of a book. The public pay little heed to the voice
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
of the critic, but they know a good thing when they
If democratic polity be defined as a government of
find it, and eagerly devour it, whether it be good, bad,
the people, by the people, and for the people, democratic
or indifferent from a strict literary standpoint. Hence
literature may likewise be defined as a literature of the
a thorough-going democracy in literature,- that is, the
people, by the people, and for the people. The tendency
election of writers to the highest rank merely by the
of literature in a democratic civilization to become votes of the majority, - means the extinction of the
wholly popular is very evident. The author is every-
critic. And yet we know that literature, like all art,
where asked to appeal to the taste of the greatest num-.
has been determined, in all its higher forms at least, by
ber, and the standing of authors is more and more
the consensus of critics, by the united appreciation of
determined by the vote of the majority. Newspapers superior minds of special insight and training. Now,
and periodicals, aiming at hundreds of thousands of
consensus of specialists is the method of appraisement in
readers, offer to writers of ability large payments, pro-
all spheres. Particularly in science and the practical
vided they conform to the popular standard; and pub-
arts, and in all progressive and advanced civilization, it
lishers more and more demand light and quick circulat-
is the expert that counts; and hence it must be consid-
ing books adapted to the popular taste. The populace
ered as retrogressive for literature to be determined
will not rise to the author; he must come down to them.
mainly by the uncultivated and untrained many. But
Hence the conscientious littérateur who seeks merely the
the man who neglects the direction of the professional
highest and best expression of his own thought, regard-
critic in his reading is doing as foolishly as the man
less of popular demand, is more and more apt to be
who neglects the direction of the oculist as to using his
neglected by democratic civilization.
eyes. The reader who follows the instructions of Mathew
The general result of popular pressure on literature
Arnold will come out far better than he who follows his
is mediocrity and vulgarity. The masses read the ten-
own crude tastes.
cent magazine and the Sunday newspaper, and litera-
In conclusion, we may ask what can be done to save
ture as a whole feels deeply the enormous success of
literature in this general lowering of standard in a
these agencies in a general lowering of standard, in a
democratic civilization. We see what the endowed
turning to merely superficial and coarse effects. The
presses of universities and societies do for high-grade
vulgarization of the drama has its parallel in the vul-
scientific writings to-day, and we must look to some-
garization of literature. Smartness and cleverness win
thing of this sort to help high-grade literature. We see
the day. The populace would enslave the author to
what the French Academy has done, both positively in
play the buffoon for them, or to tickle their palate with
setting a high standard, and negatively in its incentive
highly seasoned messes; and the reward of this service
to distinguished littérateurs like Daudet and Zola who
is a wide popularity and a high compensation. Too often
never attained its portals. We see also what the Salon
the author is induced to abandon his ideals and serve
does for French art, both positively and negatively. An
the Philistines. And so, instead of the quiet, patient,
Academy is likely to become a clique, but it ever incites
leisurely toil by which alone the masterpiece is evolved,
to far better work than the merely popular. Possibly
the author scratches along at lightning-stroke, striving
two competing Academies, one conservative, the other
to keep up with the ever-bastening wave of popularity.
advanced, would best secure the interests and progress
Thus the writer gives up his individuality and freedom
of literature as a fine art. At least if littérateurs would
to conform to the crude tastes of a thoughtless public.
form definite and general coöperative associations, as do
The psychological rationale of this degradation of
the craftsmen in other fine arts, they would be far less
literature lies primarily in the overweening conceit and
tempted to be dragged down by popularism.
presumption of a democracy where every man thinks
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
himself as good as anyone else, and perhaps a little Lake Forest, III., June 13, 1898.


1898.]
875
THE DIAL
ourselves to differ with him, if we point out
The New Books.
some of the reasons why the course of French
literature in the present century is of particular
interest to readers of English literature.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VERY
MODERN LITERATURE.*
France in the present century has occupied
rather a singular position so far as art and let-
The spirit of international interest in litera-
ters are concerned, or to be more accurate,
ture has grown greatly in the last twenty-five
so far as painting and prose are concerned.
years, and especially, we are inclined to think,
She first absorbed and then gave out. At the
in this country.
It
may not be really keener
beginning of the century she was herself power-
than it was in the earlier half of the century, fully influenced in both respects. So far as
when “the French,” “the German,” and “the
England was concerned, however, France prac-
Spanish" were read and studied by many a
tically did not count; Germany was the foreign
cultivated circle, but it is certainly more wide-
influence in letters, and Rome in painting.
spread. It is assumed now that there will be
Between 1800 and 1850 no literary influence
a considerable current curiosity in regard to the
of importance came from France to England,
work of a Russian or a Polish novelist, of a
nor was English practice or precept, so far as
Norwegian or a Spanish dramatist, not to speak
painting was concerned, disturbed by any fash-
of whatever new may appear in French, Ger-
man, or Italian. Indeed, unless a man is going adays things have changed very much; we need
ion that might excite the Quartier Latin. Now-
to be satisfied with translations he must be
not do more than mention the influence of
master of all the tongues of Europe.
French painting at the present day. We are
There is, probably, more of this feeling in
at present concerned only with the impression
America than elsewhere, because we Americans
travel more than Europeans, and so, although But we think in both directions the most strik-
which French prose has made upon English.
we do not by any means become better linguists,
ing indication of the change is to be found in
we are apt at least to have a more vigorous
the position of Mr. Ruskin. In 1860 Mr.
curiosity in international matters. When you
Ruskin was at his apogee, so far as popular
add to this the fact of foreign influence in our
estimation is concerned, both as to manner and
own literary work, and the ordinary post-
matter. Now, his views on painting are utterly
Darwinian desire to see how things came to be
condemned by crowds of young artists, and his
as they are, you have reason for a considerable
interest in a history of contemporary foreign
prose style is already classic. We incline to
think that if it had not been for the influence
literature. But such a history is not very easy of Paris, Mr. Ruskin would still be the great
to get at. There are histories of French and
art-critic of the day, and Stevenson, Mr. Henry
German literature in the present century, writ-
James, and Mr. Hardy would have produced
ten by our own scholars. There are also some
works very different from those we know.
books in French and German ; but, on the
The great English influence in art of our
whole, one has had to depend largely on collec-
time has been the pre-Raphaelite movement,
tions of essays. Under these circumstances,
M. Georges Pellissier's “Le Mouvement Lit-
and with the early pre-Raphaelites Mr. Ruskin
téraire au XIXe siècle” was a book of great Zola, and looking back over the forty years we
was in sympathy. But then came Manet and
interest, and Mrs. Brinton has done our reading
can see that though Realism by no means dis-
public a considerable service by translating it.
possessed the natives, it did at least wholly
We shall not go into a detailed criticism.
check the free development of pre-Raphaelitism
That would seem something of an impertinence.
in painting and in prose.
So far as principle
M. Pellissier is a professor in one of the lycées,
and also a writer of consideration on the bis- Tweedledum and Tweedledee.
is concerned, the two are about as different as
But in the
tory of French literature. His work has been
working out, each goes its own way.
considered by M. Brunetière, and considered
When we speak of French influence, we do
to be, on the whole, good. We shall do well,
not necessarily mean influence of contemporary
we suspect, instead of taking issue with M.
literature. So far as Mr. Henry James is con-
Pellissier on one or two points where we allow
cerned, for instance, he is, in a way, like M.
*THE LITERARY MOVEMENT IN FRANCE during the Nine Paul Bourget, but of course not much influ-
teenth Century. By Georges Pellissier. Authorized Transla-
tion by Anne Garrison Brinton. New York: G. P. Putnam's
enced by him ; rather might one say that the
Sons.
two are affected by the same influences. As


376
[June 16,
THE DIAL
for Stevenson, it is not very probable that his M. Pellissier writes this book as a realist.
affectations of vocabulary and figure came from Not as a violent naturalist, of course nowadays,
the Des Goncourts ; both probably were influ but as what we might call a neo-idealist,
enced by the same previous forces. Mr. Thomas namely, a realist purged of the grossness of
Hardy, however, in his later work, was in all naturalism and quickened by the legacies of
probability as directly the result of Naturalism romanticism. And, naturally, this fact gives
as need be desired. And so far as lesser men a tone to the book. But it is hardly more than
are concerned, there are upnumbered examples a tone; nor would one have expected that it
of those who have absorbed the ideas current would have been otherwise.
in French literature, often without knowing it,
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
and probably more here than even in England,
wbere just now native influences have been
cropping out.
But we do not mean to indicate that France
AN AMERICAN CHANCELLOR OF LAW.*
at the beginning of the century received ideas
on art from England and Germany, and that
Chancellor Kent was a student rather than
at the end of the century England and Germany a man of affairs.
His life presents so little
receive ideas on art from France. That would incident that it furnishes scant materials for a
be but distant approximation to the truth; biography. His “ Memoirs and Letters," col.
nor, if it were the truth itself, would it be a lected and arranged by his great-grandson,
matter of more than gentle historical interest, William Kent, are published in commemora-
a matter of some interest to the French, but tion of the fiftieth anniversary of his death.
not so much to us. The real fact would rather Much of the material consists of memoranda
seem to be this : that not only at the beginning and letters ; the book is therefore largely auto-
of the century did France gain ideas, but at all biographical. Kent's early life affords glimpses
times. Byron, Scott, Shakespeare, the German of Yale College, where he was graduated in
romanticists at first doubtless, but then later, 1781. His college training was supplemented
Poe, Turgenieff, George Eliot, Tolstoï, Ibsen, by systematic and laborious courses of reading,
- during the century France has always taken which were continued through life. This vol-
its literary ideas wherever it has found them, ume contains many notes of this reading. The
just as in another direction she is willing to get most striking thing about them is that, of all
whatever there is from the Japanese, the pre the books read, none, barring Adam Smith,
Raphaelites, the German Christian painters. Grotius, and possibly Puffendorf, would now
And it is not now only that France is, or rather
be referred to by anyone for any purpose: so
has been, an influence. In fact, nowadays,
In fact, nowadays, rapidly does a literature become obsolete.
when France is rather fascinated by this or that
Much of the “ Memoirs" is devoted to Kent's
Norwegian, German, Englishman, there are charming domestic life, which began with an
who say that it is but the influx again of the early marriage and lasted until his death.
very ideas which influenced Europe in the days The contested election for the governorship
of George Sand, Flaubert, and Dumas fils. of New York, in 1792, was the turning-point in
And this is the important matter, for this is
Kent's career. The canvassers appointed by
so typical of the culture of our own time. Our the legislature “counted in ” Clinton by reject-
century has more and more inclined to an ing the returns of certain counties. Kent's vig-
amendment of Matthew Arnold's dictum so as orous support of Jay in the Assembly offended
to read “the best that is now being thought his constituents, and he was soon afterward
and said.” More in France than in any other
defeated for Congress. His political prospects
country is the cosmopolitan tendency of which seemed for the moment to have been blighted.
we spoke at the beginning of this article effec He had, however, gained the favor of Jay,
tive in literature, and effective in the right whose influence probably procured Kent's ap-
direction, namely, toward literary influence and pointment to the law lectureship in Columbia
not toward literary imitation. So, because it College; and when Jay afterwards became
gives an account of a truly modern literature Governor, Kent became a Master in Chancery,
and from a modern standpoint, will this book
Recorder, and in 1798 a Judge of the Supreme
of M. Pellissier's be of great interest in this Court. Thus a single event turned him from
country. It enables us to study a very sensi-
*MEMOIRS AND LETTERS OF JAMES KENT, LL.D. By
tive and very active national mind.
William Kent. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
--
-


1898.]
377
THE DIAL
a political to a judicial career, and thus largely
PROBLEMS OF EXCHANGE AND TRADE.*
did personal influences shape the course of his
life. When Chief Justice Lewis became Gov. The first volume of Professor Nicholson's
ernor, he advanced Kent to the vacancy that Political Economy, which deals with Produc-
his own election to the governorship had cre tion and Distribution, appeared in 1893. The
ated. The anecdote is told that Lewis jokingly author then stated that it was his intention to
said to Kent before the election, “ If you will cover the same ground covered by Mill: to
vote for me, I will make you Chief Justice, if re-state, in fact, Mill's teachings in the light
I am elected.” Kent replied, “ No, sir ; though of the criticism of later writers and of the de-
I admire you personally, I utterly detest your velopment of economic theory since Mill's time.
political principles.” Nevertheless, he received Professor Nicholson's second volume is devoted
the appointment. In 1814 Kent was made to Exchange; and, as in the earlier volume,
Chancellor, and continued in this office until the scope of the work and many of the divis-
1823, when he had reached his sixtieth year, ions of the subject-matter again bear a general
the age limit for judges as the State Constitu resemblance to Mill. At this point, however,
tion then stood. Upon his retirement from the the resemblance ends. The “ dismal science"
bench, Chancellor Kent resumed his law lec- has made some progress since 1848, and it is
tures at Columbia College, which he later issued doubtful if Mill would recognize in Professor
as his “ Commentaries on American Law.” Nicholson's book a re-statement of the princi.
Thus briefly may be told almost the whole story ples laid down in his own work of half a cen-
of his life.
tury ago. Monopoly values” and “quasi-
Chancellor Kent was a strong Federalist, the rents” would have sounded strange to a man
friend and ardent admirer of Hamilton and a given to reasoning as though competition was
bitter enemy of Burr. The author of these the sole regulator of industry, and whose only
memoirs tells an anecdote, which he says is notion of a rent was that of the unearned incre-
current in family traditions, that illustrates the ment due to the unequal degrees of productivity
Chancellor's hatred of Burr. Meeting him one of land.
day on the street, after Burr's return to this While not rejecting altogether the marginal-
country, he exclaimed, “You are a scoundrel, utility theory of value, and while acknowledg-
sir,- a scoundrel.” Burr, checking his anger ing the importance of distinguishing between
and bowing graciously, replied, “The opinions total and final utility, and even admitting that
of the learned Chancellor are entitled to the “ it is the marginal utility that determines mar-
highest consideration,” and passed on. Kent ginal expenditure,” Professor Nicholson urges
was empbatically a “gentleman of the old that these facts are of little importance in a
school.” His political opinions would be very discussion of exchange value. Exchange val-
unpopular to-day. In 1830 he wrote Webster: ues do not depend on utility alone, and while
“ All theories of government that
suppose
the
money measures exchange value, it does not
mass of the people virtuous, and able and will. measure the respective utilities secured by the
ing to act virtuously, are plainly utopian, and two parties to an exchange. Neither marginal
will remain so until the Saturnian age.” This utility nor total utility can be measured by a
is the attitude that caused the downfall of fed.
“ We can obtain from the
eralism. The language of the Chancellor's let records the precise rates of exchange, but as
ters is in the fashion of the first half of the regards the feelings of the buyers and sellers,
century, and sounds stilted in modern ears. or the utilities and disutilities acquired or en-
His frank opinions of his contemporaries were dured through the exchanges, the records are
probably never intended to be made public. silent.” Utility and exchange value are essen-
Of Sumner he wrote in 1840, “He talks incestially different.
santly, and is inflated with exaggerated ego The central point in our author's theory of
tism"; but afterwards he speaks of him more exchange, “the fundamental principle" to
favorably. Altogether the book is a pleasant which he has constant recurrence in his reason-
one. The last fifty pages give as an appendix ing, is the proposition that “ relative prices
Chancellor Kent's “ Memories of Alexander must be adjusted to relative values.” If, tak-
Hamilton,” which seem to us not to possess the ing gold as our standard, the prices of all com-
importance that the editor appears to attach to modities are fixed in terms of the standard, and,
them.
* PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY. By J. Shield Nich-
F. H. HODDER. olson. Volume II. New York: The Macmillan Co.
money standard.


878
[June 16,
THE DIAL
owing to causes directly affecting this standard, to one country but to all countries taken to-
a change from one level of prices to another is gether if they have commercial and financial
made, the change must, “ when equilibrium is connections. The particular level of prices,
restored, leave relative values unaffected, ex when once all contracts, etc., have become ad-
cepting always the relative value of the stand- justed to the level, is a matter of indifference.
ard itself." The relative values are determined | The adjustment, however,
The adjustment, however, made necessary when-
by real causes, and money is only the instru ever there is a passage from one level to another
ment by which they are measured.
“ involves serious practical difficulties and so-
Professor Nicholson's own illustration will cial disturbances."
make this point clear. Under normal circum Professor Nicholson has long been known as
stances, the average ox is worth more than the one of the most ardent and able of the advocates
average sheep, and “whatever be the movement of international bimetallism. He has supported
in general prices,—whether index numbers fall it not only on theoretical grounds, but in an
or rise,—-unless there are particular influences address delivered in 1887 at the Manchester
affecting the demand and supply of either, the Athenæum, and which was published in his
relative value of the ox and sheep will remain “Money and Monetary Problems,” he claimed
unchanged.” But although the adjustment ulti for the scheme that it was both advantageous
mately comes about, during the process of tran and practicable." It will therefore be of interest
sition from one level of prices to another, some to see how far the changes, economic and polit-
commodities will feel the effect more than oth- ical, which have caused the rapid fall in the price
ers, and there will thus be a real disturbance of silver since 1890, and which have made gold
in value due to the movement in prices. The monometallists out of several prominent bimet-
losses to some lines of business may become allists, have caused Professor Nicholson to alter
very serious during this transition period, and or modify his previous views. He seems, indeed,
although there is a gain to other individuals, to have been not unaffected by the trend of
for society as a whole the gains are seldom equal historical happenings in finance since 1893.
to the losses. It is for this reason that “sta The reasons which make bimetallism desirable
bility in the standard of value is preferable appear to him to be as potent now as they were
either to appreciation or depreciation.” ten years ago ; and it is worth noting that he
In his discussion of the quantity theory of thinks that stability of prices is not the most
money, the author makes use of the fundamen “palpable and obvious" advantage, if it is the
tal principle that relative prices adjust them most real one, which would result from the
selves to relative values, to explain why a gen adoption of an international agreement. “For
eral rise of prices caused by an inflation of one who sees the effect of a fall in general prices,
credit will cause a demand for more metallic there are ten thousand who see the effect of a
money. Even where wholesale transactions are fall in the rate of interest." But on the grounds
effected mainly by credit instruments, the pay- of practicability, the author expresses himself
ment of wages and many retail transactions more reservedly than in the earlier writing. In
demand “cash " in the form of metal or of 1887 he stated that:
notes resting on metallic reserves which must “ The only obstacle to general bimetallism is the pub-
be increased with the increase of the notes rest lic opinion of this country (Great Britain), and public
ing upon them. As the rise of general prices,
opinion is rapidly turning in its favour, simply because
therefore, carries with it a rise in retail prices widely known and appreciated. ... It seems, then,
the merits of the proposal are every day becoming more
and wages, more cash will be required. The
that we have only to give our proposals plenty of light
need of more metallic money is also caused by and air, to put them before the public in the plainest
the demands of foreigners who come to sell in
manner possible, and the details of the method of action
the dearest market and must be paid in metal-
will soon be decided."
lic money. A third drain on metallic reserves In the present work, although he continues to
is made by the demand for precious metals for assert that “ an agreement on the part of the
use in the arts ; for the higher wages and profits principal commercial nations to adopt bimetal-
which follow the rise in prices make possible lism would in many respects be much more sim-
greater expenditures for ornaments, and these ple than is generally supposed,” Professor Nich-
exceptional demands must fall upon the metals olson realizes more fully the difficulties which
used as money in some form.
lie in the way of this agreement, and acknowl-
The principle that relative prices adjust edges that an attempt on the part of banks or
themselves to relative values applies not only of governments to collect gold reserves might


1898.]
379
THE DIAL
lead to a drain on the gold reserve of the Bank of tain James translates with skill and care the
England and cause a premium on gold. “Thus sterling account given by General von Verdy of
the simplicity of an international bimetallic the life he led in the Royal headquarters from
arrangement consequent on the absence of penal the beginning to the end of the Franco-German
causes and the reliance on options may be under war, as the chief of a section of the general
certain circumstances a source of weakness." staff. This book, accessible for some time in
Added to this difficulty is “the vis inertia of its own language, is an important contribution
popular prejudice,” which objects to tampering to history, revealing as it does the inner detail
with the currency. But besides the practical
But besides the practical of that wonderful fighting machine which
difficulties which stand in the way of interna caught and held the French people as in a vice
tional bimetallism, the author is not firmly con until they had given up a pair of provinces and
vinced that the double standard should be a milliard of money. It is curious to compare
adopted to-day. Many of the evils caused by the mobilization of the German army in 1870
the single standard cannot now be undone. with that of the American troops now going on.
Readjustment is almost complete, and certainty And the report of the process whereby our
in the standard is of more importance than farmers and mechanics and clerks are converted
mere stability of value. At the same time, he into efficient and intelligent soldiers, to be made
warns us that “ just as protection met its potato by the German experts now in this country,
famine, the gold standard may meet its famine, will be more curious still.
and possibly the financiers of England may Another volume of the series is devoted to
prefer the adoption of international bimetallism 6 Indian Frontier Warfare.” This work con-
to the adoption of a silver standard by the tains, among other things, an account, not too
United States."
detailed yet fairly exhaustive, of the method
The book contains interesting chapters on adopted by the French Revolutionary general,
the development of markets and the historical Hoche, for the pacification of La Vendée: a
development of foreign trade, and a more method which Sir Frederick Roberts took as
lengthy discussion of the foreign exchanges and his model during the reduction of Burmah in
the theory of foreign trade.
1886, with the most brilliant success. Briefly
There has long been a lack of an English considered, Hoche was confronted with the
treatise which should give a satisfactory discus- problem of a small, irregular, and illusive army
sion of the theory of Exchange; and while some of insurgents, indigenous to the soil and sus-
of the views presented by Professor Nicholson tained by it, operating over a wide territory the
may not find general acceptance, yet on the inhabitants of which were amicably disposed to
whole this second volume of the Principles of them when not actively enlisted among them.
Political Economy comes nearer to supplying Establishing fortified camps, with his small
the want than any book written in English force General Hoche gradually extended the
which has appeared within the quarter-century. sphere of their influence, taking into temporary
M. B. HAMMOND.
possession the cattle of district after district, as
well as the principal men among the Vendéans,
these being held until all the arms were deliv.
ered within the neighborhood. Step by step he
CHAPTERS IN THE ART OF WAR.*
thus brought a stubborn people under complete
The
purpose of the series of works dedicated subjection, his own force being self-sustaining,
to and published under the name of the Com though in no way ravaging or desolating the
mander-in-chief of the British Army, and edited land. Nothing could show the incompetence of
by Captain Walter H. James, is to provide a Spain better than the rejection whether
storehouse of military learning from which the through ignorance or design is immaterial — by
studious subaltern or his superior officer may Campos, Weyler, and Blanco successively, of so
acquire familiarity with the methods of great humane and effective a plan for the extinguish-
generals and the solutions of grave problems of
ment of the Cuban rebellion. In Weyler's case
In the initial volume of the series, Cap it meant not only the dismissal without trial of
* WITH THE ROYAL HEADQUARTERS. By General J. von
a famous method, given new renown after
Verdy du Vernois. The Wolseley Series. New York: Im almost a century's interval by so brilliant an
ported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
administrator as Sir Frederick Roberts, but
INDIAN FRONTIER WARFARE. By Major G. J. Young-
husband. The Wolseley Series. New York: Imported by
the sacrifice of an innocent population.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
It is not out of place here to commend both
war.


380
[June 16,
THE DIAL
these works for the clarity and simplicity of such interpreters as Duhm and Cheyne. The norm
style which so frequently characterize the writ- by which the genuine and the non-genuine passages
ings of English-speaking soldiers and sailors. are separated could not stand the test in the realm
Woolwich and Sandhurst, like West Point and of pure literary criticism. Wherever there is spe-
Annapolis, teach no literature quâ literature.
cial need of philological or archeological arguments,
Yet Grant, Wolseley, and other renowned sol-
the author has wisely dropped them to foot-notes.
Aside from the tendency to arbitrariness, the volume
diers, write in admirable English. It is certain
will do valuable service in the popular interpretation
that these military schools do, on the other
of these early chapters of the sublime prophet.
hand, inculcate a habit of body and mind, and Egypt is the treasure-house of ancient oriental
a tone which we may call professional for lack | lore. Dr. Fradenburgh, the author of “ Light from
of a better word, meaning thereby a certain Egypt,” has not shut his eyes, nor written his book
single-heartedness and unity of aim, found in out of his inner consciousness. The last fifteen
the man of battle as perhaps nowhere else. years of Egyptian research under the auspices of
May we not find here another proof that the
the Egyptian Exploration Fund bave poured count-
secret of style lies, after all, in character ?
less treasures on the counters of modern civilization.
These have been published, with detailed explana-
WALLACE RICE.
tions, in about twenty quarto and folio volumes,
lavishly illustrated with artistic cuts and half-tones
of the monuments. The expensiveness and inacces-
sibility of these books set our author to work to call
IN THE REALM OF THE BIBLE.*
out, condense, and put into popular form the best
Prof. H. G. Mitchell in 1893 edited a valuable and most startling results revealed in those volumes.
essay on Amos, and he now gives us a volume of This popularization, though not the same that any-
263 pages, containing a study of the first twelve one else would make, displays quite good judgment
chapters of Isaiah. This present attempt is made for
in its selection of material and in its presentation for
the popular Bible student. The author has indus the popular reader.
triously rounded up all of the chief authorities on Dr. Charles Roads has found “ The Gospel of
these twelve chapters, and has appropriated, though Paul” a pat theme for his little book. He has a
not slavishly, the best that each possessed for his capital idea, but it is poorly executed. The testi-
purpose. His introductory chapters, on Isaiah, his mony of Paul to Jesus is classified by him under
times and his prophesies, are rather out of the reach
sixteen heads ; but in these chapters he attempts to
of the ordinary student, because of their density, give a connected discourse, at the same time omit-
brevity, and fragmentariness. His translation is ting the source of each paragraph until he reaches
well done, except that now and then we have some the end of the chapter, where he puts all the refer-
arbitrary handling of the text. The commentary,
ences together. This is confusing to a reader who
which occupies the larger part of the book, is rich; always desires to know the sources of his quotations.
and full of references to and quotations from the
Besides, it does not aid in more closely connecting
best writers. With all this, the author is by no the different series of quotations. The most admir.
means devoid of independent judgment. The one ably arranged part of the book is the “ Harmony"
thing in which we cannot fully agree with him is on the last few pages, in which we have a conspectus
the persistency with which be follows in the wake of of the four gospels and of Paul's testimony to Christ.
This is of real value, in spite of the fact that now
* ISAIAH: A STUDY OF CHAPTERS I.-XII. By H. G.
Mitchell, Professor in Boston University. New York: T. Y.
and then we could not agree with his selection.
Crowell & Co.
The book entitled “The Hebrews in Egypt and
LIGHT FROM EGYPT. By Rev. J. N. Fradenburgh, D.D. their Exodus " may be regarded as a game of chess
Cincinnati: Curts & Jennings.
or chance with figures. The author became so “thor-
THE FIFTH GOSPEL; or, The Gospel according to Paul.
oughly disgusted with biblical commentators and the
By Charles Roads, D.D. Cincinnati : Carts & Jennings.
latest historians, whether orthodox or skeptical,"
THE HEBREWS IN EGYPT AND THEIR EXODUS. By Alex-
ander Wheelock Thayer. Peoria, Ill.: E. S. Willcox.
that he casts them all aside. Without prepossession
THE BIBLE AND ISLAM; or, The Influence of the Old and or prejudice, he states that he attempted to unravel
New Testaments on the Religion of Mohammed: Being the the records for himself. With Graetz as his para-
Ely Lectures for 1897. By Henry Preserved Smith, D.D.
gon, and Dr. Charles S. Robinson in his “ Pharaobs
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
of the Bondage and the Exodus" as his target, he
INTRODUCTION TO THE LITERATURE OF THE OLD TESTA-
MENT. By S. R. Driver, D.D. Sixth edition, revised and
strikes out into the field. He finds no adequate 80-
enlarged. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
lution of the problems of the Exodus until he drops
SEVEN PUZZLING BIBLE BOOKS: A supplement to “Who on the genealogies of the Bible. Now difficulties
Wrote the Bible." By Washington Gladden, Boston:
vanish, every event in time and place falls into its
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
A HARMONY OF SAMUEL, KINGS, AND CHRONICLES, in the
and we have for the first time a harmonious
groove,
Text of the Version of 1884. By William Day Crockett.
solution of problems which have puzzled scholars
With an Introduction by Willis Judson Beecher, D.D. New for ages. This genealogical solvent even sets aside
York: Eaton & Mains.
such conclusions as those of Naville and Sayce. The


1898.]
381
THE DIAL
oli
case.
97
author admits that he is no Hebraist (page 308). raphy of each book. The full indices of subjects
It is noticeable that he frequently says “if the gen and scripture texts give the volume handy value to
ealogies be authentic,” then such and such results every student. To facilitate comparison with earlier
follow. The book reads as if it were written by editions, the author has inserted the pagination of
fragments. We find references to some old out-of those editions in bracketed black-faced figures. This
date works, and to some new books of value. is now by far the best Old Testament Introduction
The volume entitled “The Bible and Islam” in the English language.
comprises a body of ten lectures delivered on the In the year 1891, Dr. Washington Gladden edited
Ely Foundation to the students of Union Theolog a small popular work on “Who Wrote the Bible?”
ical Seminary, New York City, by the Rev. Henry He now presents a little book entitled “Seven Puz-
Preserved Smith, D.D. The Influence of the Old zling Bible Books,” which aims to supplement the
and New Testaments on the religion of Mohammed earlier
one,
in that it discusses more in detail than
has engaged some of the foremost Semitic scholars was possible in the earlier work, the books of Judges,
of our day. The two schools of interpreters are Esther, Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Daniel, and
(1) those who believe that they find in Judaism the Jonah. The author takes his positions, for the most
sources of Islamism, and (2) those who trace it back part, in the shelter of the guns of Driver and Farrar.
to Christian sources. Dr. Smith belongs to the sec In a careful reading of the discussions, one cannot but
ond school, and in his lectures amply proves his see the pleadings of an advocate. It is the province
Of course, we must take into consideration of such treatments to examine both sides of a ques-
the fact that the Christianity of the sixth and sev tion, and on evidence to reach a conclusion. But
enth centuries, especially in the Arabian peninsula, our author is too ready to specify as difficulties some
was a defective type in comparison with that of points which would readily yield to a careful, minute
the second century in Asia Minor, or that of the study of the whole situation. Again, he is not careful
nineteenth century. Mohammed knew only the enough in his own statements. He assumes an
defective type.
The discussion, then, occupies erroneous interpretation (on page 228), and then
itself wholly with the Koran and its teachings, and files an objection to it. On page 230 he says, “ The
does not touch later phases of Islamism, as the title fifth chapter is a dramatic picture of the downfall
would imply. The author discovers that the Koran of Babylon," and immediately strikes at its histor-
teaches “the unity of God, the certainty of judg icity; while the fact is that there is nothing but a
ment, the fact of revelation, God's will to save mon, tradition to back up his statement. Babylon is not
and good works the fruit of faith." Mohammed's mentioned as the place of that feast. Again, the
"system is a Judaistic Christianity adapted to Arabic historical character of Belshazzar is assailed, though
conditions” (page 317). Because of its large element firmly established by the cuneiform inscriptions of
of truth, we witness its great power over men. In the reign of Nabonidus. That he was the king's
a sense, it is a preparation for the larger truths of son is also definitely known by Nabonidus' own
Christianity, in which men are elevated, ennobled, statement in his annalistic tablet. But space for-
and enriched, in life and character. The author bids further notice of details. Suffice it to say,
is fully informed on his theme, candid and fair in while this volume presents many truly reasonable,
his estimates, discriminating in his judgment, and and, among scholars, widely accepted opinions, it
clear-cut and plain in style. He has presented us also sets forth views and positions which are as yet
with a valuable treatise on the live theme of com merely unproved theories and misleading hypoth-
parative religion.
The first edition of Professor Driver's “ Intro Mr. W. D. Crockett has made a new tool for
duction to the Literature of the Old Testament” students and readers of the Old Testament, in his
appeared in 1891. It struck a popular key, and “ Harmony of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles.”
rapidly passed through successive editions. The And yet it is not new, for others have done the
appearance of new literature on the various books
same thing. The material of these six books is
and critical questions of the Old Testament required broken into five parts : (1) until the founding of
80 many supplementary pages and addenda that for the monarchy, (2) the reign of Saul, (3) the reign of
this sixth edition the entire book was re-set and David, (4) the reign of Solomon, and (5) the king-
re-plated. This gave the author an opportunity to doms of Judah and Israel. These five divisions are
revise the text. He has notably improved his En minutely sectioned and subsectioned until the mere
glish expression in some places, and, what is more outline itself covers forty-five pages. The general
important, has introduced into the text recent lit- plan of the work is that adopted in Stevens's and
erature on the Old Testament. This has also given Burton's “ Harmony of the Gospels." The arrange-
him an opportunity to discuss in appropriate places ment of the first four parts required little more
the critical positions of the newer exponents. The than the scissors-and-paste method. Bat the fifth
author stands substantially where he did in the first part, covering the period of the dual kingdom, pre-
edition. He still holds an extremely conservative sents a series of problems equal to the best-trained
position as to the validity of the conclusions of arch-
expert. It is just here that Mr. Crockett's work
æologists. The most valuable feature, however, in shows its weakness. It is not clear that be follows
this new edition is the full and up-to-date bibliog any known system of chronology. This is, of course,
eses.


382
(June 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
as revealed in
his letters.
a source of embarrassment and dissatisfaction to the present volume of five portraits in photogravure,
reader. His disregard of the indisputable chrono fifteen full-page plates comprising cuts of famous
logical evidence of Assyriology is seen in the intro- ships, charts, views, and so on, and a great number
duction of two interregna, amounting to twenty-nine of vignettes. The volumes are separately indexed.
years, in Israel (pages 295 and 307), and one of
eleven years in Judah (page 293). The Assyrian Victor Hugo
Readers who found Volume I. of M.
records describe only one invasion of Sennacherib
Paul Meurice's edition of “ The Let-
(cf. pages 322-24). These irregularities — errors
ters of Victor Hugo " somewhat dis-
– in chronology are not fatal, but are nevertheless appointing, will, we venture to say, be very agreeably
just enough to discount the value of much of the surprised should they essay the perusal of Volume
fifth part of the book. Otherwise this will be a ser II., just issued by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It
viceable work.
is a distinct improvement, from every point of view,
IRA M. PRICE.
on its rather mediocre predecessor. It serves to
completely rehabilitate the repute of its author as a
letter-writer. In it domestic letters are, compara-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
tively speaking, the exception, and letters to emi.
nent correspondents, whose names alone were an
The second volume of Mr. William
inspiration to the writer, are the rule. It was im-
History of the
British Navy.
Laird Clowes's elaborate history of possible for M. Hugo to be tame or listless when
“The Royal Navy” (Little, Brown, addressing Lamartine, Mazzini, George Sand, Cop-
& Co.) covers the period extending from 1603 to pée, Garibaldi, Gautier, About, Louis Blanc, Ver-
1714. To have brought the narrative down to 1763, laine, Sardou, Tennyson, or Swinburne. The vol-
as originally intended, would have involved, the
ume sparkles like a gem with the rays of genius, and
editor states, the expansion of the present instal is transfused with the poet's enthusiasm for the ideal
ment to somewhat unmanageable proportions; and --for all high aims and enterprises. “If to be an
it has therefore been thought best to take the death idealist,” he writes to Lamartine, “is to be a radical,
of Queen Anne and the accession of the House of then I am one. Yes, from every point of view, I
Brunswick as a convenient halting place. In Vol- understand, I desire, and I hail improvement. ..
ume III., now preparing, and already, as we learn, Yes, a society which tolerates misery, a religion
well advanced, Mr. Clowes hopes to carry his work which admits hell, a humanity which admits war,
as far as the outbreak of the War of the French
appear to me to be a society, a religion, and a hu-
Revolution. What will be the effect upon Mr.
manity of the lower order; and it is towards the
Clowes's plans of the present unforeseen engage-society, the religion, and the bumanity of a higher
ments of his two American contributors, Captain world that I aspire : society without kings, humanity
A. T. Mahan and Mr. Theodore Roosevelt, can only without frontiers, religion without sacred books. ...
be surmised. In the present volume, Mr. L. Carr These are my principles, and that is why I wrote
Laughton, a son of the veteran naval writer Prof.
Les Misérables. In my view, Les Misérables is
J. K. Laughton, describes, in a concise, straight- simply a book with fraternity for its starting-point
forward way, the active work of the Navy under
and progress for its goal.” That this high faith in
James I., Charles I., and the Commonwealth; and
the possibilities of progress, in the political ideals
he has succeeded in throwing a ray of fresh light born with his century, had its rude shocks and bitter
upon the history of the operations of the fleets of disillusionments, is occasionally manifest. In 1859
the early Stuarts, and upon the events of the first Hugo wrote to George Sand : * Just now I am over-
Dutch War. The record of Voyages and Discoveries whelmed with grief. They have killed John Brown.
has again fallen to the share of Sir Clements Mark-
And it is a republic that has done this! Here is a
ham, whose present contribution comprises two suc free nation putting to death a liberator! Alas! my
cinct chapters summarizing the work of exploration heart is indeed sad. The crimes of kings one can
and discovery from 1603 to 1649, and from 1660
understand : a king's crime has nothing abnormal
to 1714. Mr. Clowes's quota consists of chapters about it; but crimes committed by a people are intol-
on the Civil History of the Navy from 1603 to 1649, erable to the thinker.” The volume is, we repeat,
from 1649 to 1660, and from 1660 to 1714, and on an eminently characteristic one, containing in satis-
the major and the minor military operations of the
fying measure those elements in which its predeces-
Navy from 1660 to 1714. Mr. Clowes has also
sor seemed strangely lacking.
compiled a table of losses of H. M. ships from the
Revolution to 1714. We have already, in an ex-
“ The Quest of Happiness” (Rob-
tended notice of Mr. Clowes's opening volume (THE
Some last words by erts) is an unfinished, yet by no
Philip Hamerton,
DIAL, Sept. 1, 1897) indicated the general aim and
means fragmentary, work from the
scope of this important work, which bids fair to pen of Mr. Philip Gilbert Hamerton— the last word
satisfactorily fill the need of a comprehensive his to his fellows of a serene and thoughtful spirit who,
tory of the British Navy considered as a national consciously nearing his end as he wrote, wished be-
establishment. The illustrations form an attractive fore departing to shed upon the path of those com-
as well as instructive feature. They consist in the ling after him some guiding rays from the lamp of


1898.]
383
THE DIAL
his own experience. Death arrested the hand of opment with us; and as a successful writer of
the writer, without impairing the value of what he text-books the American professor is second to none.
had written. Indeed, the very incompleteness of In the department of Psychology, Professor Ladd
the essay seems in a way to chime with its theme; has been a strong influence in the dissemination of
since, as Mr. M. R. F. Gilman, the excellent editor an intelligent interest in the phenomena of the
of the book, observes, “no completed essay upon the mental life. A larger and a briefer compendium of
incomplete science of human happiness could ever physiological psychology, a primer, a larger and
wholly satisfy the insatiate heart of humanity.” now a smaller volume on descriptive psychology,
Hamerton was penetrated with a strong sense of the have all appeared within a dozen years. These
essential imperfection and illusiveness of things volumes are stimulating as well as useful, systematic
mundane ; but when he paused as it were upon the as well as discriminating, scholarly as well as readily
threshold of what we venture to term the other intelligible. Professor Ladd is probably at his best
world, to look back for a moment over the fading in the description and analysis of the everyday phe-
expanse he had traversed, he saw with the clear and nomena which make up the main portion of oar
comprehensive eye of the traveller who has attained mental existence, and in this recent volume, “Out-
a commanding height that this world, with all its lines of Descriptive Psychology” (Scribner), his
deceptions and positive ills, is furnished with pro material bears the mark of thorough congeniality to
visions for our happiness not a few. Much good the writer. It is not markedly original, and could
may be attained and much evil avoided by those not readily be 80; but it is able, judicious, and
who shape their course aright; and to furnish in interesting. The main purpose of the volume may
some sort a chart for the journey was Mr. Hamer be represented by the following extract; and it may
ton's aim in composing the present treatise. The be added with confidence that this important service
volume is the outcome largely of considerations that of illuminating the significance of common processes
presented themselves to the mind of the author while the volume will perform with credit. 6 To the
meditating the plan of a work to be called “ The unreflecting mind there appears to be no mystery
Life of the Feelings.” “The Quest of Happiness" about our daily use of the senses. To such a mind
was begun early in 1891, but was laid aside until there is no problem of perception. Illusions and
1893, when Mr. Hamerton resumed work upon it, ballucinations seem indeed interesting. The phe-
and had nearly completed it, when a theory of what nomena of hypnotism, telepathy, and so-called spirit-
he believed to be “ The Real Law of Happiness” ualism, appear profoundly mysterious. But just
dawned upon him, and he at once determined to ordinary, everyday seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling,
re-write the book de novo. He was still at work on and feeling of things - what that is problematical
it, feeling, as we have said, that it was to be his final or scientifically interesting can there be in these
word to his readers, in November, 1894, when he commonplace conscious states? For the genuine
died, leaving the closing portion unfinished. The scientific man and the devoted student of science,
classification of chapters is the work of Mrs. Ham however, the case is precisely reversed. Ordinary
erton, from whose charming memoir of her husband perceptions are most interesting, most profoundly
Mr. Gilman has drawn the material for the bio mysterious. And there is very little doubt that the
graphical part of his Introduction. To the thou scientific mastery of these will one day give us the
sands of earnest American men and women who, in key to all the wonders in which the lovers of the
the face of chilling deprivations and disadvantages, marvellous find their chief delight."
aspiring to the higher standards of thought and
Mr. W. E. D. Scott's “ Bird Studies "
living, have drawn cheer and guidance from the A sumptuorts
volume of
lucid pages of Mr. Hamerton's “ Intellectual Life,"
are issued by Messrs. Putnam's Sons
we say by all means read too “The Quest of Hap-
in a square quarto volume, heavy
piness.” In style it is, as Mr. Gilman thinks, quite
with the weight of thick calendered paper, fit to
equal if not superior to its two predecessors, “The
receive a perfect imprint of the delicate and intri-
Intellectual Life" and “Human Intercourse." Its
cate illustrations with which the book is lavishly
furnished. Many of these are full-page plates ; all
philosophy, though elevated, is woven of experience,
not dreams. It deals with the attainable, and does
are photographic reproductions of birds and their
not mock the wayfarer whose feet are glued to earth
nests, and really form the distinguishing feature of
by bidding him scale the inaccessible heights of the
the work. Some, taken from life, are of striking
ideal.
interest, as that of the wood-thrush sitting on her
eggs (page 3); the series of young bluejays in various
It is a frequent comment, in the com stages of growth; the nests of the Baltimore oriole
Professor Ladd
and psychology.
parison of foreign and American and yellow-winged woodpecker; with others of sim-
universities, that we give the student ilar quality. The attempt to illustrate by photo-
much more guidance and direction than is custom-graphing bird skins, technically so-called, is unsatis-
ary abroad. We do not merely set him to browse factory. In many cases it would trouble an expert
in rich pastures, but take pains to point out the rela to identify the species thus represented. The letter-
tive values of the available materials. As a conse press of Mr. Scott's volume comprises brief studies
quence, the text-book has reached a marked devel of the land-birds of Eastern North America, pre-
9
bird studies.


384
[June 16,
THE DIAL
sented in a plain matter-of-fact style. In a few events, as has been the period under discussion in
instances original observations are embodied which France, calls for an unusual turn for literary com-
are of value. In the arrangement of his matter, pression, a just sense of proportion, and a clear view
the author has chosen to diverge from the customary of the rationale of events. These qualifications M.
method of classification, and to group the birds of Lebon clearly possesses in due measure. On the
which he treats somewhat arbitrarily in reference to score of loose or inaccurate statement we have two
their favorite localities, “ About the House, or three rather serious complaints to enter. For
“Along the Highway,” “In the Woods,” “ Fields," instance, it is not a little surprising to find M. Lebon
“Swamps,” and by the water-side. Mr. Scott is an stating that, on the refusal of Louis to sanction the
undoubted lover of feathered creatures, and has decree against the priests in 1792, “the Girondin
been their intimate in the haunts which they affect Cabinet resigned,” whereas, as the merest smatterer
in Northern and Southern states. He has been ought to know, the “Patriot Ministers," instead of
careful to make no statement that conflicts with resigning, were dismissed (" kicked out,” as Dum-
accredited authorities in the domain of ornithology. ouriez put it) by the king -
ouriez put it) by the king — an unusually vigorous
proceeding on Louis's part, which largely led up to
The excitement and the charm which,
the abortive demonstration of June 20. Again, M.
An airy book
of reminiscences.
thirty years ago, were acknowledged Lebon, in describing the September Massacres, tells
as attendant upon European travel
us that the populace stormed the prisons and mur-
are very naïvely confessed to in Mrs. Sherwood's
dered nearly a thousand aristocrats and priests ”-
reminiscences, published under the title of “Here
a palpably erroneous account of a familiar event,
and There, and Everywhere ” (H. S. Stone & Co.). which we shall not pay our readers the poor com-
Not all of these are drawn from her initial journey-pliment of correcting. On the whole, however, M.
ings, but all are of one type, giving, unconsciously, Lebon has given us a useful and readable epitome
the spirit of a younger and perhaps a more senti of modern French history. There are three special
mental period than the present. Mrs. Sherwood chapters on “Letters, Arts, and Sciences,” together
has seen much of the world, its people, places, and
with a page or so of bibliography. Classified tables
pageantries ; and her recollections are therefore not
of names and works prominent in the history of the
wanting in raison d'être. It is something, indeed literary, artistic, and scientific movement in contem-
for one with any gift of imagination to have made
porary France are appended, as well as a chrono-
a first visit to Venice when Venice was all festal for logical list of French governments and ministries
the Empress Eugénie; it is something to have had from 1789 to 1895. The volume is acceptably illus-
friendship with such a man as Lord Houghton; and
trated, and the translation appears to have been done
there is, doubtless, more than a little flavor in the
with care.
thought of having chatted with the critic Taine and
the actor Coquelin, or of having dined with a French
officer of the American army who had known
Chateaubriand and Madame Recamier and the
BRIEFER MENTION.
daughter of Marie Antoinette. Yet old West Point
“ The Bookman Literary Year-Book” (Dodd) for
and old Newport are recalled with as much pleasure 1898 is the first volume of a new annual publication
as are Venice and Florence; and no royal person edited by Mr. James Macarthur. Its contents are
age—though the book leans to royal personages - mainly reprinted from the monthly issues of " The Book-
is remembered with more enthusiasm than is Wash man,” and relate chiefly to "new and prominent writers
ington Irving, to whom Mrs. Sherwood once made of the year," a somewhat comprehensive designation,
a morning visit; or Bancroft, whom she knew well;
since it is made to include such men as Messrs. Edward
or that gentle dandy, N. P. Willis, whose taste and
Bellamy, Marion Crawford, S. Weir Mitchell, and Hall
Caine. The section of “ Obituaries includes seven
ability she warmly defends. The book is meant to
sketches, that of Daudet being the longest. Other fea-
entertain, and must be received in the placid and
tures are summaries of the book production of the year,
ingenuous spirit in which it is written; it is not to
the principal serials and dramatizations of current fic-
be read by any stickler for literary art, or by any tion, lists of libraries, book-clubs, and “best books,"
of the rigidly unsmiling among critics.
directions for securing copyright and for correcting
proof. There are a good many portrait illustrations,
“ The Story of the Nations” (Put- but the publication is, on the whole, a somewhat futile
A century of
French history.
nam) series is appreciably enriched
by Mr. André Lebon's “ Modern “ Choses et Gens d'Amérique" (Lévy) is the title of a
France," a lucid summary of French internal his new volume by Madame Blanc (“Th. Bentzon"). Never
tory from 1789 to 1895. M. Lebon is a Member profound, never critical in any deep sense, this amiable
of the Chamber of Deputies and a republican of the
writer is always pleasant to read, and always contrives
more conservative sort, but we do not perceive in his
to find interesting subjects for discussion. Of the five
papers which make up the present volume, “ La Vie de
book any marked indications of party bias. To con-
Famille en Amérique " is the only strictly social study.
dense into a small volume of 470 pages anything The other four are reviews of books and their writers,
like an adequate outline story of a century so rich the subjects being Edward Bellamy, Sidney Lanier,
in ideas and achievements, in men, changes, and Miss Alice French, and Mr. Charles Warren Stoddard.
one.


1898.]
385
THE DIAL
The study of the latter writer, entitled “Un Loti Amér-
icain ” is singularly sympathetic, and once more illus-
trates the truth that prophets must still seek in other
countries the bonor due them in their own.
Mr. Henry E. Chambers, in “ West Florida and its
Relation to the Historical Cartography of the United
States” (Johns Hopkins University Studies), clears up
the historical mistiness which has so long clung about
the outlines of the vanished territory of that name. He
of the Rev. J. F. X. O'Conor, S.J., in a small volume
entitled “ Facts about Bookworms,” published by Mr.
Francis P. Harper. The work is attractively printed,
and some of the illustrations are extremely interesting.
A tasteful edition of the “Rubaiyát” is published by
Mr. William Doxey as the first volume in a new series
of reprints to be known as “ The Lark Classics.” The
volume is of convenient pocket size, the typography
clear and exact, the binding attractive, and the price low.
naming no less than six changes of ownership and juris- put on the market, altogether the best and the cheapest
diction over the strip in question. He carefully outlines is Messrs. Rand, McNally & Co.'s “War Atlas of the
and distinguishes between the British, Spanish, and the World." This publication consists of sixteen large maps,
two American West Floridas. He offers proof that the with marginal statistics, of all parts of the world con-
United States did not acquire title to land as far east cerned in the present war.
as the Perdido with the purchase of Louisiana, but that
The Christian Literature Co. are making excellent
the claim was an ambitious second thought emanating
progress in their plan of republishing in cheap form the
from Livingstone, one of the negotiators.
1 Sacred Books of the East.” We noticed not long ago
Recent texts for the study of English include the fol the appearance of the Upanishads in this acceptable
lowing: Four selected books of Pope's “ Iliad” (Ginn), edition, and we now have Bühler's translation of “ The
edited by Mr. William Tappan; Kingsley's “The Sacred Laws of the Aryas,” two volumes made into one
Water-Babies” (Maynard), edited and abridged by by means of thin paper.
Miss Edna H. Turpin; “The Shorter Poems of John
We note with pleasure the publication, by Messrs.
Milton” (Macmillan), edited by Mr. Andrew J. George; Methuen & Co., London, of the second edition of “Ox-
“ Selections from the Poetry of Robert Burns” (Allyn),
ford and its Colleges,” by Mr. J. Wells. This dainty
edited by Miss Lois G. Hufford; “ How to Study Shake-
little book, with its charming illustrations, is of value as
speare" (Doubleday), by Mr. W. H. Fleming; with an
a guide to the city which it describes, and of much
introduction by Dr. Rolfe; “ The New Century Speaker
interest to the general reader on account of its wealth
for School and College” (Ginn), edited by Dr. Henry of anecdote and historical fact.
A. Frink; and an "English Etymology" (Heath), by
“ The First Philosophers of Greece" is a work im-
Professors Friederich Kluge and Frederick Lutz.
ported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, and described
as “an edition and translation of the remaining frag-
ments of the pre-Sokratic philosophers, together with a
LITERARY NOTES.
translation of the more important accounts of their opin-
ions contained in the early epitomes of their works."
« Journalism for Women: A Practical Guide" is the Mr. Arthur Fairbanks is editor and translator.
title of a timely little volume by Mr. E. A. Bennett, pub « With Fire and Sword,” by Mr. Henryk Sienkiewicz,
lished by Mr. John Lane.
now appears in a popular edition at one-half the price
“ The Spectator,” in the new and pretty English edi hitherto fixed, although in point of mechanical execu-
tion imported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, has tion it is almost as desirable as the original form of
now reached its sixth volume.
issue. The publishers are Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co.,
"The Glory of the Imperfect,” a college address by and we hope they will find it advisable to give us “The
Prof. George H. Palmer, is issued by Messrs. T. Y. Deluge" and “ Pan Michael” in the same form.
Crowell & Co. in booklet form.
On the first of the present month, the firm of Messrs.
“ A Legend of Montrose " is the latest volume in the Little, Brown, & Co. took possession of practically the
exquisite edition of Scott's novels, now being published entire business carried on for some fifty years by Messrs.
by the Messrs. Dent, and imported by Messrs. Charles Roberts Brothers. The latter house will continue to
Scribner's Sons.
publish its editions of Balzac and Molière in English,
“The Story of Photography," by Mr. Alfred T. Story, but the other books upon its list will be added to the
is an interesting and compact little book just published catalogue of the publishers who have thus made two of
by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. in their “ Library of the most important Boston houses into one.
Useful Stories."
Professor Pasquale Villari's “Life and Times of
“ The Rise of an Empire," by Sir Walter Besant, is Niccolo Machiavelli,” as translated by Madame Linda
published by Mr. M. F. Mansfield. It is one of “a Villari, is imported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons
series of small books to be devoted to the rise of Brit in a new one-volume edition of more than a thousand
ain's wealth and power throughont the earth.”
pages. In this form, the work is even more complete
The first regular publication of the “ Brothers of the than in its four-volume issue of fifteen or twenty years
Book" of Gouverneur, N. Y., is a daintily-printed little ago. The price is very moderate, thus bringing this
pamphlet containing the “ Conclusion" from Walter valuable work within the reach of every student.
Dr. William B. Cairns, of the University of Wiscon-
in a limited edition of 270 copies.
sin, has published a monograph “On the Development
« The Shorter Poems of John Milton are edited for of American Literature from 1815 to 1833.” Particular
school use by Mr. Andrew J. George, and the book is attention is given to the periodical literature of the
published by the Macmillan Co. Mr. George has years surveyed, and a great variety of interesting ma-
included in this edition a number of the Latin poems, terial has been brought together for convenience of
and supplied the whole with an extensive body of notes. reference. We trust that Dr. Cairns will continue the
Real bookworms, not metaphorical ones, are the theme important work that he has begun in so scholarly a way.
Pater's e Renaissance Studies.". The booklet is issued ab
17


386
(June 16,
THE DIAL
BOOKS FOR THE HOUR.
A CAREFULLY-SELECTED LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS
ON SPAIN, CUBA, THE ARMY AND NAVY, INTERNA-
TIONAL LAW, AND OTHER SUBJECTS OF PRESENT
IMPORTANCE.
The following list is a carefully-prepared selection of
books published mainly within the last two or three
years, and is intended to serve as a guide to the book
buyer who may wish to know something of the litera-
ture of the subjects now engrossing public attention.
While not pretending to be a complete bibliography, the
list will be found to include practically all titles of any
especial value and interest at the present time.
BOOKS ON SPAIN.
HISTORICAL.
A History of Spain, from the Earliest Times to the Death
of Ferdinand the Catholic. By Ulick Ralph Burke, M.A.
In 2 vols., 8vo, uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co. $10.50.
The Story of Spain. By Rev. Edward Everett Hale and
Susan Hale. Illus., 12mo. • Story of the Nations."
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Spain in the Nineteenth century. By Elizabeth Wor
meley Latimer. Illus., 8vo, pp. 441. A. C. McClurg &
Co. $2.50.
Modern Spain. By Martin A. S. Hume. Illus., 12mo.
“Story of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Christian Recovery of Spain: Being the Story of Spain
from the Moorish Conquest to the Fall of Granada (711-
1492 A, D.). By Henry Edward Watts. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 318. “Story of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50.
A Child's History of Spain. By John Bonnor. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 365. Harper & Brothers. $2.
The Spaniard in History. By James C. Fernald. With
maps, 12mo. Funk & Wagnalls Co. 75 ote.
DESCRIPTIVE.
Spanish Vistas. By George Parsons Lathrop; illus. by
Charles S. Reinhart. 8vo, pp. 210. Harper & Brothers. $3.
Spain and the Spaniards. By Edmondo de Amicis; trans.
by Stanley Rhoades Yarnall, M.A. In 2 vols., illus. in
photogravure, 12mo, gilt tops. H. T. Coates & Co. $5.
The Land of the Castanet: Spanish Sketches. By H. C.
Chatfield-Taylor. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 255.
H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25.
In Northern Spain. By Hans Gadow. Illus., 8vo, pp. 421.
Macmillan Co. $6.
Castilian Days: Sketches of Travel in Spain. By John Hay.
Revised edition ; 16mo. Houghton, Nifilin & Co. $1.25.
Spanish Cities. With glimpses of Gibraltar and Tangier.
By Charles A. Stoddard, D.D. Illus., 12mo. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Wanderings in Spain. By Augustus J. C. Hare. Illus.,
8vo. Macmillan Co. $2.
Spain and Morocco: Studies in Local Color. By Henry T.
Finck, 16mo, pp. 182. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia. By Fanny Bullock
Workman and William Hunter Workman. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 242. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.
With a Pessimist in Spain. By Mary F. Nizon. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 360. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
A Note-Book in Northern Spain. By Archer M. Hunt-
ington. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 263, G. P. Putnam's Sons. Boxed, $3,50.
Ten Days in Spain. By Kate Field. Illus., 18mo. Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Across the country of the Little King: A Trip through
Spain. By William Bement Lent. Illus., 12mo, pp. 237.
Bonnell, Silver & Co. $1.25.
Lazy Tours in Spain and Elsewhere. By Louise Chandler
Moulton, 12mo, pp. 377. Roberts Brothers. $1.50.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Constitutional Government in Spain: A Sketch. By
J. L. M. Curry. 16mo, pp. 222. Harper & Brothers. si.
Don Emilio Castelar. By David Hannay. With portrait,
12mo, pp. 239. “Public Men of To-Day." F. Warne &
Co. $1.25.
Spain and Portugal: A Handbook for Travellers. By Karl
Baedeker. With maps, 18mo, pp. 618. Charles Soribner's
Sons. $4.80 net.
BOOKS ON CUBA.
The Island of Cuba: A Descriptive and Historical Account.
By Andrew Summers Rowan and Marathon Montrose
Ramsay, B.S. With maps, 16mo, pp. 279. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.25.
Cuba in War Time. By Richard Harding Davis; illus. by
Frederio Remington. New edition, with war map; 12mo,
gilt top, unout, pp. 143. R. H. Russell. $1.25; paper, 500.
Marching with Gomez: A War Correspondent's Field Note
Book in Cuba. By Grover Flint; with historical Intro
duction by John Fiske. Illus., 12mo, pp. 290. Lamson,
Wolffe, & Co. $1.50.
The Story of Cuba: Her Struggles for Liberty; the Cause,
Crisis, and Destiny of the Pearl of the Antilles. By
Murat Halstead. New edition, revised to date ; illus.,
12mo, pp. 625. Akron, O.: Werner Co. $2.
Facts and Fakes about Cuba: A Review of the Various
Stories Circulated in the United States concerning the
Present Insurrection. By G. B. Rea. Illas., 12mo,pp. 336.
George Munro's Sons. $1.
The Real Condition of Cuba Today. By Stephen Bonsal.
16mo, pp. 156. Harper & Brothers. Paper, 60 cts.
Cuba and the Cubans. By Raimundo Cabrera; trans. by
Laura Guiteras; revised and edited by Louis Edward Levy.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 442. Philadelphia : Levytype Co. $1.50.
Cuban Sketches. By J. W. Steele. 12mo. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.50.
To Cuba and Back: A Vacation Voyage. By Richard H.
Dana, Jr. 12mo. Houghton, Mitilin & Co. $1.25.
Due South; or, Cuba, Past and Present. By M. M. Ballou.
12mo, pp. 316. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
A Cuban Expedition. By J. H. Bloomfield. 12mo, pp. 296.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.25.
Cuba at a Glance. By E. B. Kaufman and A. O'Hagan;
with Introduction by T. Estrada Palma, President of the
Cuban Junta. With new war map of Cuba, 12mo, uncut,
pp. 107. R. H. Russell. 50 cts.; paper, 25 cts.
Four Centuries of Spanish Rule in Cuba. Illus., 12mo.
Laird & Loe. 75 cts.; paper, 25 cts.
The Story of Evangelina Cisneros. Told by herself and
by Karl Decker ; with Introduction by Julian Hawthorne.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 257. Continental Pub'g Co. $1.
The Everett Letters on Cuba. By Alex. Hill Everett.
24mo, pp. 25. Boston: George H. Ellis. Paper, 15 cts.
FICTION RELATING TO CUBA.
Caoba, the Guerilla Chief: A Real Romance of the Cuban
Rebellion. 12mo. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
Carita: A Cuban Romance. By Louis Pendleton, 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 247. Lamson, Wolffe, & Co. $1.25.
His Cuban Sweetheart. By Col. Richard Henry Savage and
Mrs. A. C. Gunter. 12mo, pp. 255. Home Publishing Co.
$1.; paper, 50 cts.
Under the Cuban Flag; or, The Cacique's Treasure. By
Fred A. Ober. Illus., 12mo, pp. 316. Estes & Lauriat.
$1.50.
Under Three Flags: A Story of Mystery. By B. L. Taylor
and A. T. Thoits. 12mo, pp. 343. Rand, McNally & Co.
$1.25.
The Cuban Liberated; or, Saved by the Sword. By Robert
Rexdale, 12mo. American Publishers Corporation.
Paper, 50 cts.
BOOKS ON THE NAVY.
HISTORICAL.
The History of our Navy, from its Origin to the Present
Day, 1775–1897. By John R. Spears. In 4 vols., illus.,
12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. $8.
A History of the United States Navy from 1775 to 1894.
By Edgar Stanton Maclay, A.M.; revised by Lieut. Roy
c. Smith, U.S. N. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut.
D. Appleton & Co. $7.
Our Navy: Its Growth and Achievements. By Lt.-Comdr.
J. D. Jerrold Kelly, U.S. N. Illus. in colors, etc., by
Fred. S. Cozzens. 4to. American Publishing Co. $10.
Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval Warfare from 1855
to 1895. By H. W. Wilson ; with Introduction by Captain
A. T. Mahan. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo, gilt tops. Little,
Brown, & Co. $8.


1898.]
387
THE DIAL
The Steam Navy of the United States: A History of the
Growth of the Steam Vessel of War in the U.S. Navy and
of the Naval Engineer Corps. By Frank M. Bennett.
In 2 vols., illus., 8vo. Warren & Co. $6. net.
Naval History of the United States. By Willis J. Abbott.
New edition, enlarged, including also the three " Blue
Jacket" books, in one volume. Illus., 8vo, pp. 1000.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.75.
The Development of Navles during the Last Half Century.
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