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(Silver, Burdett & Co.)
Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, edited by
Reed Paige Clark, A. B.-L'Art d'Intéresser en Classe,
by Victor F. Bernard.--A Comprehensive French-Eng.
lish Dictionary, by Albert Benedict Lyman, M. D.-
Petite Grammaire Française, by Paul Bercy, B. L.,
and G. Castegnier.--Constructive Process for Learning
German, by Adolphe Dreyspring, Ph. D., $1.--First
Year Latin, by W. W. Smith. (William R. Jenkins.)


204
(March 16,
THE DIAL
Select Orations of Cicero, edited by Prof. Benjamin L.
D'Ooge, illus.-A New Gradatim, with prose exercises,
edited by M. C. Smart.-Sir Roger de Coverley Papers,
edited by Frederick L. Bliss.-Macaulay's Essays on
Milton and Addison, edited by Dr. J. Griffith Ames.
(Benj. H. Sanborn & Co.)
A Text-Book of Astronomy, by George C. Comstock,
I'l, D., Illus.-Morphology of Spermatopbytes (Sced
Plants), by John M. Coulter, Ph. D., and Charles J.
Chamberlain, Ph. D., Part I., Gymnosperms.-Apple-
ton's Geografia Superior, new edition, $1.50—Puron's
El Lector Moderno, No. 3, 45 cts. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Scribner Series of School Reading, new vol.: The Boy
General, by Mrs. George A. Custer and Mary E. Burt,
illus., 60 cts. net.-The Literary Primer, first steps
with good writers, by Mary E. Burt, illus., 30 cts. net.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
A Practical Text-book of Plant Physiology, by Dr. Dan-
iel Trembly MacDougal, illus.-A Reading Book in
Irish History, by P. W. Joyce, LL, D., illus., 50 cts.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Oxford School History of England.-A Text-book of
Arithmetic, by Richard Hargreaves, M. A.-Tbe "Jun-
ior" Euclid, by S. W. Finn, M. A., Books III, and
IV.-Geometrical Exercises, by Alex. Larmor, M. A.-
New Testament History for Schools, by W. Stokoe,
D. D., Part I.-An Elementary Greek Gran: mar, by
J. Barrow Allen, M. A.-Oxford Classical Texts, new
vols.: Platonis (pera, Tom. II., by J. Burnet; Xeno-
phontis Opera, Tom. II., by E. C. Marchant; Ciceronis
Epistulae ad Familiares, by L. C. Purser; Aristoph-
anis Comoediae, Tom. II., by F. W. Hall and W. M.
Geldart. (Oxford University Press.)
MEDICINE AND SURGERY.
The History of Medicine in the United States, from the
earliest English colonization to 1800, with a supple-
mental chapter on the discovery of anæsthesia, by
Francis Randolph Packard, M. D., illus., $4 net. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
The Roentgen Rays in Medicine and Surgery, as an aid
in diagnosis and as a therapeutic agent, by Francis H.
Williams, M. D., illus.-Surgical Technique, a hand-
book of and operating guide to all operations on the
head, neck and trunk, by Fr. von Esmarch, M. D.,
and E. Kowalzic, M. D., trans. by Ludwig H. Grau,
Ph. D., and William N. Sullivan, M. D., edited by
Nicholas Senn, illns. (Macmillan Co.)
System of Physiologic Therapeutics, a practical exposi.
tion of the methods other than drug giving, useful in
the treatment of the sick, by various American and
foreign authors, edited by Solomon Colis-Cohen, A. M.,
11 vols.-Select Methods in Food Analysis, by Henry
Leffmann, M, D., and William Beam, A. M., illus.-
Anesthesia with Cocain, local and regional anesthesia
with cocain, eucain, and other analgesic drugs, includ.
ing the latest methods, by Rudolph Matas, M, D., il.
lus. (P. Blakiston's Son & Co.)
A Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence, by George Vivian
Poor, M. D., illus. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
Veterinary Medica and Therapeutics, by Kenelm Wins.
low, B. A. S.-Bovine Obstetrics, by M. G. De Bruin,
traus. by W. E. A. Wyman, M. D. V., authorized
edition.-Manual of the Pathological Treatment of
Lameness in the Horse, by George T. Chapman.-
Table of Veterinary Posology and Therapeutics, by
George A. Banham, F. B. C. V. S., revised edition,
$1.-Cinical Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, by
Dr. John A. W. Dollar.--A Treatise on Surgical Thera-
peutics of Domestic Animals, by P. J. Cadiot and J.
Almy, trans. by Prof. A. Liavtard, M, D., Part III.,
Vol. I. (William R. Jenkins.)
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
The Statesman's Year Book for 1901, edited by J. Scott
Keltie, LL, D., and J. P. A. Renwick, LL. B., $3.-
Temple Cyclopædic Primers, new vols.: Modern
Chemistry, by Professor Ramsay, F. R. S.; Primitive
Man, by Dr. Hörnes; The English Constitution, by Rt.
Hon. Leonard Courteney, M. P.; The Making of Eng.
lish, by Henry Bradley; The British Empire, by George
R. Parkin; Mediæval French Literature, by M. Gaston
Paris; Education, by Foster Watson, M. A.; Introduc-
tion to Universal History, by Dr. Emil Reich, 2 vols.;
Roman Law, by F. E. Smith; Shakespearean Primer,
by Israel Gollaucz. (Macmillan Co.)
A Dictionary of American Authors, by Oscar Fay Adams,
fourth edition, revised and enlarged, $3.50.-American
Library Association Index to General Literature, by
William I. Fletcher, A. M., new and enlarged edition.
-Poole's Index to Periodical Literature, abridged edi.
tion, by William I. Fletcher. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
The Pronunciation of 10,000 Proper Names, by Mary
Stuart Mackey and Mariette Goodwin Mackey, $1.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Lippincott's Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and
Mythology, new edition, $8 net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
A Hand-Book of Proverbs, for readers, thinkers, writers,
and speakers, 75 cts. (New Amsterdam Book Co.)
Good Form for All Occasions, by Mrs. Burton Kingsland,
$1.50. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Complete Works of Thomas Babington, Lord Macaulay,
new “Cambridge" edition, with introductory essay by
Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr., 10 vols., with photogravure
portraits, $20.—Complete Poetic and Dramatic Works of
Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Cambridge" edition, edited by
George E. Woodberry, with portrait, $2. (Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.)
Representative English Comedies, edited by Charles Mills
Gayley, 5 vols., Vol. I.-Macmillan's Library of English
Classics, new vols.: Walton's Lives and Complete
Angler; De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opiuin
Eater, Murder as a Fine Art, The English Mail Coach,
and other essays; per vol., $1.50.-Temple Dramatists,
new vols.: Greene's George A-Green, Ben Jonson's
Alchemist, The Return from Parnassus, Massinger's
New Way to Pay Old Debts, Peele's Old Wives' Tales;
each with frontispiece, per vol., 45 cts.--Temple Cias.
sics, new vols.: Herbert's The Temple, Howell's Let-
ters (3 vols.), Carlyle's Past and Present, Apuleius'
The Golded Ass, Spenser's Minor Poems, Crabbe's
The Borough, Dante's Purgatorio (text with trans-
lation by T. Okey), The Book of Psalms; each with
frontispiece, per vol., 50 cts.-"Chiswick" Shakespeare,
edited by John Dennis, M. A., illus. by Byam Shaw,
new vols,: Henry IV. (2 vols.), Cymbeline, Love's La.
bor's Lost, Henry V. (Macmillan Co.)
The Works of George Berkeley, D. D., including his
posthumous works, edited, with an account of his life,
by A. C. Fraser, D. C. L., Hvols.-The Complete Works
of John Gower, edited from the MSS. by G. C. Macau-
lay, M. A., Vols. II. and III., English Works.- Plays
and Poems of Robert Greene, edited by J. Churton
Collins, M. A.-The Works of Thomas Kyd, edited by
F. S. Boas, M. A.-Goethe's Hermann und Dorothea,
edited by C. A. Buchheim, M. A., with introduction
by E. Dowden, Litt. D.-Homer's Odyssey, XIII.-
XXIV., edited by D. B. Munro, M. A. (Oxford Uni-
versity Press.)
Works of George Eliot, "Personal" edition, with intro-
ductions by Mrs. Esther Wood, 12 vols., illus. (Double-
day, Page & Co.)
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, trans. hy Edward Fitz-
Gerald, illus. by Gilbert James, limited edition in 3
styles, illuminated and decorated by hand. (New Am-
sterdam Book Co.)
Complete Works of George Eliot, with the Life by George
Willis Cooke, handy volume edition, 12 vols., illus., $15.
-Romances of Alexandre Dumas, new illustrated
"Cabinet" edition, 34 vols., illus. with etchings by
French artists, $51.-Works of Thomas Carlyle, illus-
trated “Cabinet" edition, edited by Dr. W. J. Rolfe,
26 vols., illus. with etchings and photogravures, $39.
(Dana Estes & Co.)
Works of Charles Kingsley, “Chester" edition, with in-
troductions by his son, Maurice Kingsley, 14 vols., il.
lus. with 42 photogravures, $20. (J. F. Taylor & Co.)
The Ethics of Aristotle, in Mr. A. S. Humphreys' series
of large-type books, $7.50. (A, Wessels Co.)
Atheneum Press Series, new vol.: On Heroes, Hero-
Worship, and the Heroic in History, by Thomas Car.
lyle, edited by Archibald MacMechan. (Ginn & Co.)
Ben-Hur, by Lew Wallace, “Players'' edition, Illus.
from photographs of the play, $2.50. (Harper & Broth-
ers.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG,
Young Folks' Cyclopædia of Literature and Art, by
John D. Champlin, illus. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Animals, by Wallace Rice, illus. in colors, $2.50. (H. S.
Stone & Co.)
1
m 11


1901.]
THE DIAL
205
66
Reynard the Fox, illus. by J. J. Mora, $1.50—Traveller
Tales of China, by Hezekiah Butterworth, illus., $1.50.
NOTES.
-Fernley House, by Laura E. Richards, illus., $1.25.-
With Taylor on the Rio Grande, by Captain Ralph Mr. Humphrey I. Desmond's “ Mooted Questions of
Bonehill, illus., $1.25.-Our Jim, or The Power of Ex-
History” is published in a revised edition by Messrs.
ample, by Edward S. Ellis, illus., $1.25.-Two Boys in
the Blue Ridge, by W. Gordon Parker, Illus., $1.25.-
Marlier & Co.
The Tin Owl Stories, by William Rose, illus., 75 cts. * Juvenal,” edited by Professor Henry Parks Wright,
New volume in the Stories of American History Series,
is a new volume in the “College Series of Latin Au-
by James Otis, illus., 75 cts.-Chatterbox for 1901, illus.
in colors, etc., $1.25.-Young of Heart Series, new vols.:
thors,” published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.
The Countess of the Tenements, by Etheldred B. Barry; The American Book Co. publish Herr Paul Heyse's
What Came to Winifred, by Elizabeth Timlow; Ma-
“ Anfang und Ende," and Herr Baldwin Groller's
dame Angora, by Harriet A. Cheever; The Double
Prince, by Frank M. Bicknell; Thackeray's The Rose
• Inkognito,” both edited for school use by Mr. Max
and the Ring; The Grasshopper's Hop, verses by Zitella
Lentz.
Cocke; each illus., per vol., 50 cts. (Dana Estes & Co.) The J. B. Lippincott Co. publish a third edition,
Under MacArthur in Luzon, or Last Battles in the
Philippines, by Edward Stratemeyer, illus., $1.25.-
"greatly enlarged, rearranged, and in part re-written,”
Heroes of the Crusades, by 'Amanda M. Douglas, Illus.,
of Mr. Persifor Frazer's - Bibliotics; or, the Study of
$1.50. (Lee & Shepard.)
Documents."
Dear Days, a story of Washington school life, by Ar-
• Hindu Logic as Preserved in China and Japan,” by
mour Strong, illus., $1.--The King's Rubies, a story for
boys and girls, by Adelaide Fuller Bell, illus., $1. Mr. Sadajiro Sugiura, is a new publication of the Uni-
(H. T. Coates & Co.)
versity of Pennsylvania. This monograph is a doctoral
Mag and Margaret, by “Pansy" (Mrs. G. R. Alden), Illus., dissertation.
$1.50. (Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Temple Classics for Young People, new vols.: Perrault's
A two-volume edition of Jeremy Taylor's “ Rule and
Fairy Tales, Stories of the Knights of the Round Exercises of Holy Living,” edited by Mr. A. R. Waller,
Table, and The Mabinogian; each illus. in color, etc., bas been added to the Dent-Macmillan series of
per vol., 50 cts. (Macmillan Co.)
Old Fort Schuyler, by Everett T. Tomlinson, illus., $1.25.
“ Temple Classics."
(Am. Baptist Publication Society.)
“ Histoires d'Animaux," selected by Mr. T. H. Ber-
Wigwam Stories, by Mary C. Judd, illus. (Ginn & Co.) tenshaw from the stories Alexandre Dumas, and ed-
Early Days in the Maple Land, or Stories for Children
of Stirring Deeds under Three Flags, by Katherine a.
ited for school use, is a recent publication of Messrs.
Young, illus., 50 cts. (James Pott & Co.)
Longmans, Green, & Co.
The Beloved Son, a life of Christ, by M. Rye, $1. (Dodd, Messrs. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., the educational
Mead & Co.)
Called to Fight, a book for boys, by Caroline M. Hallett,
publishers of Boston, have established a western branch
75 cts.--Child's Guide to the Book of Common Prayer,
of their business at 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago, under
by Ernest Esdaile, edited by Charlotte M. Yonge, 50 the management of Mr. James E. Warner.
cts. net. (E. & J. B. Young & Co.)
An historical study of the “Immigration of the Irish
MISCELLANEOUS.
Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682–1750, with their
The Progress of the Century, by eminent specialists, $2.-
Early History in Ireland ” will shortly be published by
American Engineering Competition, $1. (Harper & the author, Mr. Albert Cook Myers, of Swarth more, Pa.
Brothers.)
“ American Engineering Competition," a small vol-
War's Brighter Side, by Rudyard Kipling, A. Conan Doyle,
Lord Stanley, Julian Ralph, and others, with intro-
ume published by Messrs. Harper & Brothers, is made
duction by Lord Roberts, illus.--Some Ill-used Words, up of a series of articles prepared by an expert band
by Alfred Ayres, $1. (D. Appleton & Co.)
for the London « Times," and printed in that newspaper
The Hall of Fame, the official record, by Chancellor Mac-
Cracken, illus.-The Art of Revolver Shooting, by
during the past year.
Walter Winans, illus., $5 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Mary Howitt's popular account of “The Queens of
Blue Shirt and Khaki, a comparison between the soldiers England,” revised by Miss Geneva Armstrong, and
of the United States and Great Britain, by James F. J. brought down to the close of the reign of Victoria, is
Archibald, illus., $1.50. (Silver, Burdett & Co.)
The Mechanical Triumphs of the Ancient Egyptians, by
published by Messrs. B. S. Wasson & Co., Chicago, in
Commander F. M. Barber, $1.25 net.-How Department
an illustrated volume.
Stores Are Carried On, by Wesley B. Phillips, $1. - Lord Rosebery's rectorial address at Glasgow on
Gala Day Luncheons, by Caroline Benedict Burrell,
illus., $1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
“Questions of Empire ” and Mr. Joseph H. Choate's
“The Shop," the story of the Royal Military Academy, Edinburgh address on “Abraham Lincoln” are two
by Captain Guggisberg, R. E., illus. iu colors, etc., additions, particularly timely and acceptable, to the
13.50.-Practical Metal Plate Work, and Practical Gas familiar series of white-covered booklets published by
Fitting, edited by Paul N. Hasluck, each illus., per
vol., $1.-Encylopedia of the Ganie of Whist, by Sir
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.
William Cusack-Smith, Bart., $1, (Cassell & Co., A little anthology of “Selections from the Southern
Ltd.)
Lessons in Law for Women, by Walter S. Cox, $1.50.–Our Poets,” prepared by Mr. William Lander Weber, is
Fate and the Zodiac, by Margaret Mayo, $1.25. (Bren- published by the Macmillan Co. in their “ Pocket Én-
tano's.)
glish Classics " series. Though intended primarily for
Man Building, a treatise on human life and its forces, class-room use, the collection is one that all poetry-
by Lewis Ransom Fiske, LL. D., $1.25 net. (Charles
lovers will be glad to have.
Scribner's Sons.)
Hypnotism and Suggestion in Therapeutics, Education, “ The Religious Spirit in the Poets ” (Crowell), by
and Reform, by Dr. R. Osgood Mason. (Henry Holt the Bishop of Ripon, is a collection of twelve rather
& Co.)
discursive chapters upon Spenser and Marlowe, Shake-
Sawdust and Spangles, stories and secrets of the circus,
by W. C. Coup. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
speare and Milton, Browning and Tennyson, and cer-
A Thoroughbred Mongrel, by Stephen Townesend, with tain other poets. Dr. Carpenter confesses that the book
preface by Frances Hodgson Burnett, illus., $1.25. (F. is a product of his railway journeyings, and it bears the
A. Stokes Co.)
Whist Catechism, third edition, 75 cts. (J. B. Lippincott
marks of desultory activity that we might expect. The
Co.)
result is a kindly popular book, which can have no pre-


206
[March 16,
THE DIAL
the press.
.
.
.
.
.
171
.
.
tense to critical weight, but for which there no doubt
Established 1874.
exists a middle-class audience ready to applaud and W. T. KEENER & COMPANY,
feel genuinely grateful for the teachings offered.
Medical Booksellers and Importers,
Mr. Irving Bacheller's new romance, “D'ri and I,"
90 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
will be issued by the Lothrop Publishing Company in Have constantly in stock the largest assortment of American and
Foreign Books on Medicine and the Collateral Sciences to be found in
September. The scene of the story is laid in the North
the United States. All new American, and the more important En-
Country. For the past two months Mr. Bacheller's glish, French, and German Medical Books received as published.
“ Eben Holden” has led the list of best-selling books
Catalogues and circulars gratis upon application. Queries concerning
books receive prompt and careful attention.
of the country, and the 250th thousand is just from
FITZROY D'ARCY AND JOHN M. LEAHY, C. P. A.
Public Accountants and Auditors.
Mrs. Max Müller has undertaken to prepare a life of
59 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK.
her husband, the late Professor F. Max Müller, and
PUBLISHERS' ACCOUNTS A SPECIALTY.
would be much indebted to Professor Müller's corres-
pondents if they would lend her any letters they may
have in their possession. They should be sent to Mrs. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
Max Müller, at 7 Norham Gardens, Oxford, England.
APPEARING IN
Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. will be the publishers
of the Life.
The Dial's Spring Announcement Number
Mr. Edward Martin Moore has collected, and printed
NEW YORK CITY.
at the Blue Sky Press, the best of the tributes in verse
that have been addressed to Omar since the flourishing
D. Appleton & Co.
160, 161, 162, 163
of the cult, and called the collection “Spoil of the
Charles Scribner's Sons
157, 158, 159
North Wind," a title suggested by the familar anecdote Harper & Brothers
209
of what Omar replied when asked where his tomb Macmillan Company
· 178
should be. It makes a very pretty book, and all Dodd, Mead & Co.
175
Omarians will be sure to want it. Since the edition is
Century Co.
173
limited, it will be well to put in early applications.
Henry Holt & Co.,
. 165
The fourth edition of “A Dictionary of American
Authors,” by Mr. Oscar Fay Adams, has just been pub Thos. Nelson & Sons
Longmans, Green, & Co.
172
lished by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. It differs
170
from the edition next preceding by the expansion of
McClure, Phillips & Co. .
the “ Addenda" from four pages to upwards of eighty.
Doubleday, Page & Co.
208
This means the admission of more than a thousand new New Amsterdam Book Company
168, 207
names, most of them belonging to new writers, although Brentano's
177
not a few represent meritorious reputations neglected A. Wessels Company
176, 207
in the earlier editions. The indispensable character of
J. F. Taylor & Co.
168
this book of reference needs no setting-forth; no liter R. H. Russell
213
ary worker can do without it.
Baker & Taylor Company
• 214
The Chicago “ Evening Post” has been separated
William R. Jenkins
214
from the “ Times-Herald," and is now owned and edited
M. F. Mansfield & Co.
213
independently of its former associate. The new depar-
ture will be emphasized by a change in the format, the
Doxey's
214
pages being reduced to one-half the former size and Bonnell, Silver & Co.
213
doubled in number. This makes a paper baving more
F. E. Grant
214
the appearance of such a weekly as “The Nation” than E. W. Johnson
214
of the ordinary daily, and exemplifies the sort of ex New York Bureau of Revision
214
periment which we have long wished might be tried, Editorial Bureau
214
and which we believe will prove successful. It is also
John Russell Davidson
214
a pleasure to be able to state that the “ Evening Post,"
Walter R. Benjamin
214
in its new form, will be free from the indignity of illus-
Henry Arden
214
tration. As far as other matters are concerned, the
fact that Mr. Samuel T. Clover will have unhampered
Fitzroy D'Arcy
206
editorial control of the paper offers a sufficient guar-
BOSTON.
anty that the decencies will be observed, and that Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
174
neither sensationalism nor commercialism will get the Little, Brown, & Co.
164
upper hand in its production.
Lee & Shepard
Ginn & Co.
177
Books of All Publishers on
United Society Christian Endeavor .
176
MEDICINE, DENTISTRY, PHARMACY,
Old South Publication Committee
213
AND ALLIED SCIENCES.
We have the largest miscellaneous stock in the country of American
Benj. H. Sanborn & Co.
213
and English Books on these subjects.
PHILADELPHIA.
Trade and Library Orders Solicited.
P. BLAKISTON'S SON & COMPANY J. B. Lippincott Co.
166, 167
1012 Walnut Street, Philadelphia
Henry T. Coates & Co.
P. Blakiston's Son & Co..
206
UNITARIAN LITERATURE Sent FREE by Post
Office Mission of the
L. C. Boname
214
Unitarian Church, Yonkers, N. Y. Address, Miss Anna L. Bellows,
Secretary, 119 Locust Hill Avenue, YONKERS, N. Y.
William J. Campbell
214
.
176
210


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
•
.
.
.
.
.
No. 365. APRIL 1, 1901. Vol. Xxx. reaffirming the belief at first formulated in
these pages. Since that early writing, however,
CONTENTS.
so many statements, of such conflicting tenor,
have appeared in the public prints, and so many
THE CASE AT STANFORD.
221 persons have joined in the controversy, that it
seems desirable to deal with the question at a
COMMUNICATIONS
223
Library Privileges for Rural Districts."
somewhat greater length than before.
-A Further Word. W. T. Porter.
It need bardly be said, by way of prelimi.
The Grand Old Man of Japan. Ernest W. Clement. nary observation, that THE DIAL has always
The Mother Tongue. Carolus."
held the principle of Lehrfreiheit as one of the
A JOURNALIST'S REMINISCENCES. E. G. J. 225 most sacred articles of its faith, and that it
THE STORY OF FRANGIPANI'S RING. Edith
has championed that principle, upon more than
Kellogg Dunton
227 one occasion, to the best of its ability. But it
has also refused to assume the attitude of those
THE PERVERSION OF HISTORY. Ephraim D.
Adams
229
extremists who consider the charge that Lehr.
freiheit has been attacked as prima facie evi-
OUTLINES OF GERMAN LITERATURE. W. A.
Chamberlin
dence that the attack has really been made,
231
and with whom accusation is tantamount to
RECENT ECONOMIC STUDIES. M. B. Hammond 232
Clark's The Distribution of Wealth. - Hobson's The
conviction. Such questions are always delicate,
Economics of Distribution. — Jenks's The Trust calling for the most careful examination and
Problem. -Collier's The Trusts.-Jones's Economic
the most scrupulous weighing of the evidence.
Crises. - Fairchild's Rural Wealth and Welfare. -
Carnegie's The Gospel of Wealth. - Anitchkow's
When the University of Chicago was made the
War and Labour.
victim of an attack of this sort a few years ago,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
236
we happened to be in a position to know how
Emperor Frederick's life and character. - An excel absolutely groundless was the case against it,
lent bibliography of the Cabots. – Mental health and how distorted a picture of such a situation
and disease. – Hero patriots of the nineteenth cen-
tury.- Latest investigations in human physiology.
might be drawn by sensational journalism, and
- A sketch of the opera, past and present. — The impressed upon the minds even of sober and
mother of the Salvation Army. - A comprehensive
judicial observers. That incident gave us a
book on birds. – A modern play. – A quaint and
grewsome sea-tale. - Life and ways of the modern
lesson in caution by which we hope to profit
British tar. -Scholarly studies of four great Vene in the present instance.
tian painters.
The case against the Stanford administration
BRIEFER MENTION . .
239 has been given its strongest statement, no
NOTES
239
doubt, in the report made by a committee of
members of the American Economic Associa.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
240
tion. The names of the men signatory to that
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
241
statement must command respect for what they
say, and entitle their argument to a careful
consideration. And yet we are bound to say
THE CASE AT STANFORD.
that their plea is in certain respects disingen-
When the controversy occasioned by the uous. It certainly gives to a casual reader the
dismissal of Professor Ross from Stanford impression that it is made with the official
University was still in its early stages, we ex sanction of the Association to which the signers
pressed a brief opinion to the effect that the belong, whereas the Committee was in fact
principle of the freedom of teaching had suf- self-constituted, and represents only itself. Our
fered no injury at the hands of the University suspicions are also aroused by the language of
authorities. We intended to say nothing more the report, in which it is darkly hinted that the
about the matter, and, in now reverting to it, most damaging facts in the possession of the
we have, in substance, nothing to do beyond Committee have not been included, but are
.
.
.
.
.
.


222
(April 1,
THE DIAL
held in reserve for a possible future publication. causes, Mr. Charles F. Lummis, who has been
It was clearly the duty of these gentlemen to in close touch with the situation all the time,
state their case once for all as strongly as pos- likely to be deceived by any sort of pretence
sible; as it is, their action is such as to lessen or disingenuous evasion of the facts. Finally,
confidence in their findings. Again, it must President Jordan himself, who is the very em.
be remembered that this Report is the result bodiment of intellectual honesty and moral
of an investigation at long range, made by courage, has declared in unequivocal terms
means of correspondence only, and as such is that the principle of freedom of teaching has
liable to errors of judgment. Moreover, nearly been in no way involved in the recent occur.
all the controversialists who have rushed to rences. The attempt to accuse him of palter-
join in the attack upon the Western University ing with words in a double sense has no more
are Eastern men who cannot, in the nature of basis than a few casual remarks about the char-
things, have that close acquaintance with the acter and ability of the person who has made
facts which is so essential to the assumption all this disturbance, remarks evidently made
of a truly judicial attitude. Their judgment out of pure kindness of heart, and now twisted
seems to be based either upon an unquestioning into the evidence of double-dealing.
acceptance of the conclusions of the Committee, The plain facts of the case seem to be that
or upon purely a priori reasoning. When they the instructor whose dismissal has raised all
take such forms as the grave suggestion that a this pother is a young man who has never been
professorial trade union should be organized, able to rise to a sense of the dignity and re-
and the officious warning that the ethics of the sponsibility of his position. His defects of
educational calling will be violated by the ac taste and of intellectual balance have long been
ceptance of a chair in Stanford University, understood and deplored by his associates,
they certainly do not commend themselves to and at last his services have been dispensed
the judicious.
with — reluctantly, because of the outcry that
Turning now to the aspects of the case as is sure to be made in such a case, because also
they present themselves from the Stanford of regard for the reputation of the instructor
point of view, we find more than enough to himself. His position in the University had
counterbalance the ex cathedra pronounce always been probationary, and this fact is in
ments of a wilderness of long range critics. itself almost sufficient to dispose of the whole
We find, first of all, the report of the Com-controversy. Before a man has received a
mittee of Alumni appointed to make a special permanent appointment, the authorities of no
investigation of the matter, and this report is institution are accountable to the public for
emphatic in its statement that freedom of their dealings with him. This distinction
teaching has not been attacked by the admin between permanent and probationary appoint-
istration. Reaching a conclusion diametrically ments is of the utmost importance, but surpris-
opposite to that reached by the Eastern Com- ingly little attention has been paid to it during
mittee, the balance of judgment would, on the the recent discussion. There must be a period
whole, appear to be in its favor. Against the during which a man's character and capabilities
greater experience and reputation of the East are being tested, and while that period lasts,
ern men, the close familiarity of the Western something like arbitrary action concerning him
men with all the facts of the situation may must be held legitimate. Upon no other con-
reasonably be urged as an offset, and the ques- dition than this can a strong university faculty
tion of possible interestedness does not seem be organized.
likely to have entered into the one report more After all, when serious people set themselves
than into the other. Moreover, the findings to discussing the principle of Lehrfreiheit,
of this Committee of Alumni are approved of they are thinking of something very different
by an overwhelming preponderance of student from this tempest in a Stanford teapot. They
and faculty opinion. Such men as Professor are thinking of the deliberate attempts of ob-
Anderson and Professor Flügel, to name only scurantist and reactionary authorities to stifle
two of those who have rallied to the defence of intellectual endeavor, and to impede the pro-
the administration, are not the sort of men to gress of the great creative ideas that from time
compromise with hypocrisy, or condone an of to time transform our modes of thought. They
fence against a principle which they hold are thinking of such things as the occasional
sacred. Nor is that clear-headed and outspoken official efforts made in Germany during the
champion of all good and honest intellectual l last century to force all university teaching


1901.)
223
THE DIAL
66
into conformity with the ideas of the monarchy needed, namely, to the rural districts ... Under the
and the established church. They are thinking
stimulus already given, Cincinnati has extended its
of such things as the effort, made so energet-
field of library work to all parts of Hamilton County,
and several other counties have been discussing the ad-
ically in the generation just preceding our own, visability of imitating the example of Van Wert
to deny a hearing to the doctrine of evolution, County.
and to discourage its promulgation in the rec In your issue of March 16, Mr. A. L. Day takes ex-
ognized institutions of learning. They are
ception to Mr. Antrim's statements, and with the
thinking of all sorts of attempts to influence or
greatest of respect for the officials of the Van Wert
library, and the sincerest and heartiest appreciation of
cajole or threaten thinkers of achieved reputa the noble gift of Mr. Brumback, I wish to add a further
tion, in order that the fabric of conventional word opposing the idea set forth in Mr. Antrim's com-
falsehood may not be undermined and totter
munication, and declared in the address of presentation
on the occasion of the dedication, that the Van Wert
to its fall. They are not thinking at all of the
library is the pioneer in the matter of furnishing
merely disciplinary questions that must arise
library privileges to the rural districts.” The law
in every university when dealing with the ec which made possible the acceptance of Mr. Brumback's
centricities and the lapses from good taste or gift of a library building – for the county must here-
good judgment of its young men, on trial for
after support the library was passed April 26, 1898.
advancement in their academic career. Let
The agreement with the County Commissioners was
made July 30, 1898, the building was completed and
us remember all the while that the case at
dedicated January 1, 1901, and the residents of the
Stanford is the case of young Professor Ross, county first had the privileges of the library January
of whom few people would ever have heard had 28, 1901.
his grievances not been exploited by journal.
The late A. W. Whelpley, for many years the Li-
ism, and who was never in permanent appoint- report for 1892 strongly urged that the privileges of
brarian of the Public Library of Cincinnati, in his andual
ment. It is not, for example, and by way of Cincinnati's great library be extended to the residents
startling contrast, the case of Professor Norton of Hamilton County the county within which Cin-
at Harvard, or of Professor Sumner at Yale,
cinnati is situate. On April 21, 1898, an act was
or of Professor von Holst at Chicago. Nor, by which our library was taken from the control of the
passed by the General Assembly of Ohio (93 0. L. 191)
we may add, is it the case of President
Board of Education of the School district and placed
Jordan at Stanford. All of these gentlemen in the hands of a Board of Trustees. This board was
have made public utterances during the past given power to make a levy of 3-10 of a mill upon all
two or three years that must have been highly
the taxable property of the county. In 1900 this levy
was increased to 5-10 of a mill (94 O. L. 204). The
objectionable to the constituted authorities.
act provided :
But the suggestion that these men have imper Sec. 3999a (Rev. St. of Ohio). “Each and every resident
iled their positions by their boldness of speech of the county within which is situate any city of the first
grade of the first class, having therein established a public
is too preposterous for a moment's considera-
library, shall be entitled to the free use of such library, read-
tion. It is when we try to imagine a case of ing rooms, and any branch of the same, and all the privileges
this sort that we come fully to understand how
thereof."
securely the principle of Lehrfreiheit is guard-
Sec. 39996. "They (the trustees) shall have power and
it shall be their duty to establish in said city and throughout
ed by the authorities of our great universities, the county within which is situated said library, reading
and how certainly, should they once fail in
rooms, branch libraries and library stations in connection
with said library, and to lease and furnish said rooms, build-
their trust, would they be forced back into the
ings or parts thereof as are required for such purposes, and
path of duty by the overwhelming pressure of to pay all necessary expenses connected therewith."
public opinion.
Immediately upon the passage of the act, the resi-
dents of Hamilton County were entitled to all the privi-
leges of the Public Library of Cincinnati. The first
card issued to a county resident, outside of the city
COMMUNICATIONS.
limits, was under date of May 6, 1898. The delivery
station system provided for in the act, whereby the
books are delivered at convenient stations throughout
“ LIBRARY PRIVILEGES FOR RURAL DISTRICTS."
the county, was opened June 10, 1899. The circula-
-A FURTHER WORD.
tion through these stations for the year 1900 was
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
179,541. . There are now in operation forty stations
In your issue of January 16, there appeared a com and thirteen traveling libraries (the latter in places not
munication regarding the opening of the Brumback easily accessible from the stations). After the passage
Library at Van Wert, Ohio, from Mr. E. I. Antrim, of the act of 1900 authorizing the increased levy, the
in which the following sentences occur: “Most of the trustees offered to assume the control of each library
cities and many of the larger towns and villages of our in the county which had been maintained at public ex-
country have their public libraries; it remained for this pense. Under this offer the trustees have now under
Ohio County to inaugurate a movement that may their management four branch libraries.
eventually bring library privileges where they are most The simple statement of the foregoing facts and
19


224
[April 1,
THE DIAL
dates should be sufficient to refute the claim made for For instance, he did more than anybody else to eman-
the Van Wert library. The Cincinnati act is five days cipate the fair sex from the restraints of the old-
older than the Van Wert act. The privileges of the fashioned code of morality, by the publication of his
Public Library of Cincinnati had been free to every •Criticisms of Kaibara’s Great Learning for Women'
resident of Hamilton County for nearly three years and his own • New Great Learning for Women.'"
before the residents of Van Wert County had the use From a third point of view, therefore, he may be called
of a book in the Van Wert library.
a great educator, or author.
But it is all in the interest of the greatest good to He might have been Minister of Education, or have
the greatest number, or to use the motto of the Ameri received a patent of nobility; but he refused public
can Library Association, “the best reading for the office and despised titles, except such as “the great
largest number at the least cost.” However, there is commoner,” which was sometimes conferred upon him.
an honor in being the first to extend to your fellow man His life was pure and blameless; and his moral teach-
such a boon as good reading, and if Cincinnati is en ings were of the loftiest type. He practiced what he
titled to that bonor for being the first to extend the preached, so tbat he was once more a great educator,
use of her 225,000 volumes to the “rural districts," or exemplar.
we most assuredly desire to retain the same, for we are The Japan “Mail” says of him: “As a leader of the
proud of having “ blazed the way."
new civilization, it would be difficult to over-rate the
W. T. PORTER, benefits conferred by him on his country." "He is
Trustee Public Library. described as the great motive force of Japan's modern
Cincinnati, March 19, 1901.
civilization; the man who did more than all his con-
temporaries to promote the spread of a spirit of true
liberalism.”
THE GRAND OLD MAN OF JAPAN.
Whether as teacher, editor, essayist, author, or mor-
( To the Editor of TAE DIAL.)
alist, Mr. Fukuzawa deserves the highest rank among
By the death of Mr. Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japan has the “men of letters of New Japan."
suffered the loss of one of its truly great men. From
ERNEST W. CLEMENT,
the fact that he lived in the Mita District of Tokyo, he Tokyo, Feb. 18, 1901.
was generally called the “Sage of Mita"; but he was
often called the grand old man of Japan.” He was
THE MOTHER TONGUE.
one of the early Japanese students of Dutch and En-
glish. In 1858 he came from Nagasaki to Yedo, and
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
opened a school which was the nucleus of the great in The efforts of The Dial towards improving the in-
stitution now known as the Keiogijiku, with academic, struction in English in the secondary schools and in the
collegiate, and university courses. This school was not universities, have been highly appreciated by the lan-
closed during the Revolutionary War; even during the guage teachers of the country, and the agitation thus
Battle of Nyeno (1869), his school continued in session started has certainly been a stimulus in setting many
in another section of the city, and his students were a teacher to thinking and to acting. That the subject
studying Wayland's Moral Science. From this school is one of the most important, if not the most serious,
have gone forth hundreds of able young men who have problems with which educators have to deal, no one will
distinguished themselves in all departments of life. As deny.
the Japan “ Times” says, “ It was in this school and Now and then there appears a case that seems utterly
under the eye of its great master that the art of public hopeless. At a recent examination in English for ad-
speaking was first practiced; in fact, the Japanese word mission into one of the universities, the candidates were
for a public speech (oration], now so generally used, asked, among other things, to write a sketch of some
was coined by Mr. Fukuzawa himself. He may, indeed, character from literature, no restriction being placed
be called a great educator, or teacher.”
upon the choice. One young man, who had “taken"
In 1882 he established a daily paper called Jiji English three or more years in a high school, but evi-
Shimpo (“ News of the Times,” or “ Times "), which dently had not been able to retain it, produced an in-
holds in Japan the same prominent place that its name teresting essay; it appears below verbatim and literatim,
sakes hold in London and New York. Although in and with the original punctuation:
certain points that paper may be surpassed by some “Lord. Byron. was a briliant writer of prose. he was a
contemporary, yet it is, on the whole, what it claims to
cripple being crippled both being turned in he wor a long
be, “ the No. 1 daily of Japan.” The editorials by Mr. clok to conseal his feet, but never the less for all his defor-
Fukuzawa could always be recognized by their simple, maties he was a great swimer, he most alway swam alone,
clear, and forcible style, and their instructive and ele-
he could swim for hours befor becoming tired.”
vating tone. In view of the influence of his journal, he This, then, represents not only all the young man can
may again be called a great educator, or editor. write about any character in literature, but also his
With reference to his style of writing, it should also
sense of accuracy and of form.
be noted that he shares with Mr. Fukuchi “ the honor
It is needless to say that the candidate was not ad-
of having introduced what may be called the natural mitted; he was sent back, with the blessing of the ex-
style in Japanese literature as distinguished from the amining committee, to take a few more doses, and, in
stilted Chinese style."
all probability, will finally be declared incurable. Does
He was a prolific writer: his total output is said to the fault lie in the training and experience of the
have been “50 different kinds of books, comprising 105 physician, or is the patient's constitution, on account
volumes.” (It must, however, be understood that a of neglect in early childhood, too weak to bear the
Japanese "volume" is rather small.) His writings heroic treatment that seems necessary ?
were principally on social, political, and moral topics,
CAROLUS.
and have wielded a powerful influence in Modern Japan. March 16, 1901.


1901.]
225
THE DIAL
.
The New
1849 Mr. Stillman went to England to see
Books.
Turner's pictures, and at Turner's gallery in
London he had the good fortune to see not
A JOURNALIST'S REMINISCENCES.* only the eccentric painter himself, but his elo-
There is an old story of an Irish butler who quent champion, Mr. Ruskin.
Griffiths, a
boasted that he was so skilled in his calling
kindly, honest man for an art-dealer, had been
that he could put a quart of wine into a pint
touched by the young stranger's enthusiasm,
decanter; and we have often wished that bio-
and introduced him one day to Turner as a
graphers could be brought to emulate in their young artist who had a great admiration for
province this man's powers of compression.
his work, and would be glad to take him by
We do not say this with the intention of cast-
the hand. The response, if not cordial, was at
ing a special reflection on Mr. Stillman's two least Turneresque. Says Mr. Stillman :
volume autobiography now before us, but in “ It was difficult to reconcile my conception of the
reference to the curious fact that even men
great artist with this little, and, to casual observation,
who in other walks of literature are honorably
insignificant old man with a nose like an eagle's beak,
though a second sight showed that his eye, too, was like
distinguished by a Spartan continence of
an eagle's, bright, penetrating, and restless. Half awed
speech are apt to throw moderation to the and half surprised, I held out my hand. He put bis
winds and go on forever, like Tennyson's brook
behind him, regarding me with a humorous, malicious
or Mr. Alcott the philosopher, the moment
look, saying nothing. Confused, and not a little mor-
tified, I turned away, and, walking down the gallery,
they begin writing biography.
went to studying the pictures again. When I looked
Mr. Stillman's autobiography was begun at his way again be held out his band to me. . . He
the instance of the late Mr. Houghton, the gave me a hearty hand-shake, and in his oracular way
publisher, and notwithstanding its occasional
said, 'Hmph - (nod) if you come to England again
diffuseness it bears out the opinion of its prob-
hmph (nod) — hmph (nod),' and another hand-shake
with more cordiality and a nod for good-by. I never saw
able value of that excellent judge of men and a keener eye than his, and the way he held himself up,
books. The story of the author's own doings so straight that he seemed almost to lean backwards,
is worth telling, and had Mr. Stillman left un-
with his forehead thrown forward, and the piercing eyes
recorded his memories and impressions of the looking out from under their heavy brows, and his
diminutive stature coupled with the imposing bearing,
many interesting people he has foregathered combined to make a very vivid impression on me.”
with during his somewhat roving and desultory
Mr. Stillman recalls that Turner said of his
career as painter and journalist it would have
been a real loss to the public.
own pictures in the course of the interview,
In his opening chapters Mr. Stillman gives
“I wish they were all put in a blunderbuss
an account of his home life during boyhood, and shot off!” but, he adds, “ he looked
which is an altogether capital picture of Puri- pleased at the simultaneous outburst of protest
tan family life, abounding in vivid touches of
on the part of Griffiths and myself.”
characterization, and conveying an adequate
Mr. Stillman's account of his early ventures
idea of the spirit and tendencies, for evil as for
in journalism, in “spiritism,” in political con-
good, of New England Paritanism in its archaic spiracy (he became associated with Kossuth in
severity. After reading this most interesting,
1852 and went to Europe on a secret mission
if in its details at times somewhat repellant | for him), in.“roughing it” in the Adirondack
and painful, section of the book one can only wilderness, is followed by the charming episode
wonder how the warm humanity and genial of the “ Adirondack Club”—one of the richest
bohemianism of the author's manhood could chapters in the book. The Club was the out-
have germinated in so frosty an atmosphere.
come of Mr. Stillman's enthusiastic stories of
The somewhat prolix chapters dealing with
his camping experiences. Its members were
Mr. Stillman's school days and his three years' | Emerson, Agassiz, Dr. Howe, Professor Wy-
stay at Union College, Schenectady, are fol-
man, Judge Hoar, Dr. Binney, John Holmes,
lowed by a brief account of his art studies in
Horatio Woodman, and the author. Longfellow
America, in England, and at Paris. It was
was asked to be of the party, but be declined
with the opening of this period of art study
on learning that Emerson had bought a gun.
that his rovings (we use the word in no dis-
“ • Is it true that Emerson is going to take a gun ?'
respectful or derogatory sense) began. In
he asked me; and when I said that he had finally de-
cided to do so, he ejaculated, • Then somebody will be
*THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JOURNALIST. By William shot!' and would talk no niore of going."
J. Stillman. In two volumes. With portraits. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Dr. Holmes also was asked to join ; but the
$
1


226
(April 1,
THE DIAL
Autocrat had little sympathy with woods and cerned, for, although three deer were sighted
savagery, and was loath to leave his beloved successively in easy range, the philosopher
Boston. Says Mr. Stillman :
seems to have bad as many attacks of that
“ He loved his Cambridge friends serenely, Lowell, acute paralysis of the faculties known to hunters
Agassiz, and Wyman, I think, above others; but he en as "buck fever" -- though Mr. Stillman kindly
joyed himself most of all, and Boston more than anything ascribes the failure to pull trigger to inability
on earth. He was lifted above ennui and discontent by
a most happy satisfaction with the rounded world of his to see the game.
own individuality and belongings. Of the three men Mr. Stillman was consul at Rome in the
whom I have personally known in the world who seemed
early sixties, and his chapter on his experiences
most satisfied with what fate and fortune had made
them, — namely, Gladstone, Professor Freeman, and
there deals very frankly with the then moral
Holmes, — I think Holmes enjoyed himself the most."
and political condition of the papal city, which
At Saranac, en route to the camping-place,
seems to have been unspeakably bad. Brig-
an amusing incident occurred. Rumor had andage was rife, and common morality, even
When
spread the report of the impending advent of among the native clergy, was rare.
the distinguished party of " campers," and the urged by the French authorities to license and
selectmen of the town had appointed a com-
regulate the disreputable houses, Pivs IX. re-
mittee to receive them. The community was
plied that “every house was a brothel, and it
on the qui vive to see, not Emerson or Lowell, wa
was useless to license any.” Mr. Stillman
but Agassiz — the man who preferred life in quotes, with thinly veiled approval, a popular
saying that “ if
America to the senatorship and the keepership
wanted to
you
go
to a brothel
of the Jardin des Plantes offered him by the you must go in the daytime, for at night they
Emperor of the French. The heart of democ-
were full of priests”; but he adds, “Let me
racy was touched, and Saranac turned out in
not be charged with making of this state of
force to meet the plain man who had slighted things an accusation against the Catholic re-
the advances of an Emperor.
ligion.” Roman misrule was due to priestly
inexperience in and official incapacity for civil
“ A reception was accorded, and they (the commit-
tee) came, having taken care to provide themselves administration ; and the situation was made
with an engraved portrait of the scientist, to guard worse by the “ Italian constitutional indiffer.
against a personation and a waste of their respects. ence to questions of common morality.” As
The head of the deputation, after having carefully com to Pius IX., Mr. Stillman found him not only
pared Agassiz to the engraving, turned gravely to his
a devout
followers and said, “Yes, it's bim '; and they proceeded
but “ an excellent and admirable
man,
with the same gravity to shake hands in their order,
one," a profound believer in the divine warrant
ignoring all other luminaries."
and direction of his pontificate, but incapaci-
It is not recorded that Emerson used the tated for civil rule simply because it could not
gun, the purchase of which had caused Mr. be carried out on ecclesiastical principles.
Longfellow's doleful prediction. His “hunt-
Cardinal Antonelli, the real ruler of the
ing " seems to have been in the main emblemat. Papal States, Mr. Stillman roundly describes
ical, like the Emperor of China's yearly plough as the " very impersonation of unscrupulous
ing. But on one occasion he developed a trace
and malignant intellect, subtle with all the
of the primitive longing to " kill something."
Italian subtlety, and unscrupulous as any of
“One Sunday morning, when all the others went out
the brigands from the community in which he
for the drive of the deer, Emerson asked me to take
had his origin."
him out on the lake to some quiet place for meditation. “Antonelli had a face which gave one an idea of the
We landed in a deep bay, where the seclusion was expression • beauté du Diable,' for a more perfect type
most complete, and he went into the woods to meditate.
of Satanic intelligence and malignity than it showed at
Presently we heard the baying of the hound as he times I cannot conceive. If I had been a figure painter,
circled round the lake, on the hillsides, for the deer
I should certainly have painted him as Mephistopheles,
were reluctant at that season to take to the water, and as he appeared in the audience room in his close-fitting
gave a long chase; and, as he listened, he began to
purple costume with scarlet trimmings, his long coat-
take in the excitement of the hunters, and finally broke tails flying behind him when he moved, like the fringe
out abruptly, “Let us go after the deer'; and down the
of a flame.”
lake we went, flying at our best, but we arrived too
late, — Lowell had killed the deer. He said to me
One is not a little surprised to find Mr. Still.
later, and emphatically, • I must kill a deer'; and one man describing Charlotte Cushman, then a
night we went out jack-hunting' to enable him to member of the American colony at Rome, as a
realize that ambition."
sort of spiritual counterpart of the Mephisto-
The " jack-hunting," however, came to phelian Antonelli.
naught, so far as Emerson's ambition was con “ I think she possessed an utterly selfish nature, was


1901.]
227
THE DIAL
not at all scrupulous in the attainment of her purposes, manuscripts in St. Mark's, together with a few
and was, in effect, that most dangerous member of
days more spent in other famous libraries and
society, a strong-willed and large-brained woman with-
devoted to verification and elaboration of his
out a vestige of principle. . . She was an immense
illustration of a maxim of Dante Rossetti to the effect results ; and finally a gratuitous visit to the
that artists had nothing to do with morality."
little village church whose altar-piece forms
Mr. Stillman goes on to hint darkly at certain the theme of the concluding chapter. But back
“terrible" stories told of the actress by an
of these rapid, almost intuitive, deductions, and
artist who, when a scene-painter, had known rendering them intelligible, must be understood
her in New York, and which he cautioned Mr.
a life-time of research into the history and the
Stillman not to repeat, since if they got to
art of mediæval Italy and Germany.
Miss Cushman's ears she was quite capable
In these days of books for the many, “Fran-
of silencing him (the relator) in the most ef. gipani's Ring” is of course emphatically a book
fective manner"; and, adds the author seri for the few. Yet its public should not be lim-
ously, “ I am of opinion that he judged her ited to the ant
ited to the antiquary, familiar with Dr. Thode's
correctly, for she must have been a tiger when more profound works and duly appreciative, as
her passions were roused.” This seems really the layman cannot but fail to be, of the erudite
too bad of Mr. Stillman. The gifted Charlotte industry and nicety of deduction which the
was perhaps a woman of imperious temper,
elaboration of this little episode displays. No
and by no means a Griselda in point of patience less genuine, if less esoteric, pleasure is in
under provocation ; but that she was capable store here for the reader to whom Jan Schorel
of resorting to the stiletto or the bowl, save as
is an empty name, Dürer none too suggestive
stage properties and in the professional way,
of a definite method, and Friuli in 1513 as un-
we are by no means inclined to believe. trodden country as Hungary ten years later.
Mr. Stillman's second volume is devoted The casual reader, to be sure, would be certain
mainly to his consular experiences in Crete,
to find Dr. Thode's enthusiasm too aggressive,
and his adventures in the Balkan countries the romance he unfolds elusive, and the occa-
and the Levant generally as foreign correspon.
sional incisive phrase scarcely worth the cost
dent of the Times" and other newspapers.
of a passage down the bristling array of un-
Light is shed on Eastern questions, and Greek familiar names and through the droning chron-
and Italian politics and politicians are inter. icles, not prone to yield up too easily their
An amusing chapter is ghostly memories of dead years. But the
interpolated on Rossetti and his circle. All in
“Gentle Reader," to borrow Dr. Crothers's
all, Mr. Stillman has given us a very enter-
delightful connotation for the audience fit
taining book, rich in reminiscences of authors though few, — he who does not read running,
and artists, and by no means devoid of charm
who has indeed no great love for the easy
of style and critical value. The volumes are
beaten track but much for the nooks and by-
inviting outwardly — neat, substantial, and ways of literature and history, provided he
well printed.
E. G. J.
may explore them in good company, — the
Gentle Reader, no less than the antiquary,
will find an altogether unique pleasure in hunt-
ing down the legend of the ring through the
THE STORY OF FRANGIPANI'S RING.*
ponderous tomes of the German and Venetian
The monograph entitled “ Frangipani's chroniclers and the chatty pages of Marino
Ring,” by Dr. Henry Thode, the celebrated
Sanuto's voluminous diaries.
æsthetic philosopher and historian, was origin.
Not that the question of the ring's owner-
ally published in London by John Macqueen, ship is of any great moment, but the search
in 1894, just as its author was leaving Venice, affords opportunity of forming acquaintance
after a residence of several years, to accept the by the way with the turbulent, bitter-hearted
chair of History of Art in Heidelberg Univer. Frangipanis, with the lovely Apollonia, dear
sity. For any other man the solution of the in her youth to an Emperor and later Count
problem which the book involves would have Christoph's willing wife, and with her brother
been a labor of years. To Dr. Thode it meant
Matthew Lang, the courtly bumanist, arch.
only a few days' casual search through the bishop and cardinal, but best remembered for
his unchurchly « What is conscience ?” Less
*FRANGIPANI'S RING: An Episode in the Life of Henry
Thode. Translated by J. F. C. L. Illustrated. Philadel-
intimately do we come to know a pope or two,
phia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
and the sour-faced Emperor Maximilian. And


228
[April 1,
THE DIAL
over all broods the keen-eyed, thin-lipped Doge comes honestly by his burning hatred of the
Leonardo Loredano, he whom Bellini painted, Signoria, honestly too by the disgusting bru-
a spirit of Venice incarnate. For the chief tality with which he celebrates his first decisive
charm of all this pageant is the glimpse it gives victory, and by the desperate energy whereby,
of the inscrutable soul of sixteenth century seeking to transform Maximilian's listless ag.
Venice, whose achievements stand out clearly gression upon Venetian territory into a mad
enough on the pages of our histories, but the war to the death, he brings himself, when be
thoughts of whose heart are hidden, except has played out his hand, a priceless hostage to
from the initiated few. Dr. Thode is of course the dingy Torresella.
in the secret, which he does his best to share No less strongly drawn than this stormy
with the appreciative reader.
warrior, “heir of all the passions and ambi-
But it is time to explain that the ring, named tions of his race,” is the captive Frangipani,
Frangipani's, upon the chance sale of which to
the chance sale of which to fretting through years of bitter inaction in the
Dr. Thode hangs the whole tale, is a hoop of city he hates. Watching the gay life below
finely chased gold, with the legend "Willingly him, he comes to appreciate as never before
thine own graven upon it in Gothic script. the power wielded by the long, resistless arm
It was found in the year 1892 by a peasant of the Ten, able in the midst of wars with half
digging near Pordenone in Friuli. Dr. Thode's of Christendom to make their city a haven of
romantic interest in the original owner of the peace and luxurious security. He writes
ring was immediately focused and deepened by lengthy letters to his wife, Apollonia, and bis
his bappening upon a mention of the presence father, the lawless Bernhardin, - curious
of German troops in Friuli. The dates, 1513 mixtures of thanks to God who will some day
and 1514, agreed with that indicated by the give him the victory, propitiatory references
workmanship of the ring. Unable to find de to the noble Signoria (who overlooked his cor-
tailed reference to any officer except the com respondence), fervent expressions of love
mander-in-chief, he turned his search, half by "eternal and unchanging " for his dear wife
chance, to Count Frangipani. Almost at once and revered father, and carefully explicit
he came upon an account of Christoph's loss statements of his need of bed-linen, short-hose,
of a relic during the siege of Osopo, “ which and good Rhenish ducats for his present ne-
accident seemed to bim to bode only the gravest cessities. Once he writes out, for the diversion
disaster.” A letter of the Countess Apollonia of his keeper, an account of a dream he had,
to her captive husband, which the indefatigable and he has no doubt much leisure for medita-
Sanuto has copied, was noted by Dr. Thode tion upon the favors of princes and cardinals
a few days later. Its contents made him prac as well as upon the multitude of his own sins.
tically certain that the relic was contained in, For these, in characteristic Frangipani fashion,
or perhaps lost at the same time with, a ring he repents, now that he has nothing better to
which the Countess had given her husband, and do. He makes a vow to the Madonna of Chi-
an exact duplicate of which she “prays his oggia (which Venice never let him pay), and
Lordship” to have graven in Venice that he devoutly carves his motto, “My hope is set
may wear it “ for love's sake and in remem truly in God," over the grim walls of the
brance of me.” The words, she explains, “ give | Torresella. Perhaps be even took some part
the answer to those other words which stand in the translation of the Germano-Roman
in the ring sent me by your Lordship, the Breviary, which was printed in 1518 three
which I have by me.”
years after Maximilian's Prayer-book.
This is bare fact, a commodity in which Dr. But before this, in the third year of his im-
Thode does not deal. Every stage of his in- prisonment, came Apollonia to Venice, sick
vestigation is enriched by anecdote and allu unto death, but ready “to endure the very
sion, and presented against a rich background uttermost” to be with her dearly loved lord.
of national or race history. One of the most From this point the romance bastens on to its
spirited chapters is that upon the Frangipani tragic finish. Apollonia died broken-hearted,
family, - passionate, reckless tricksters, faith and the count, left to his own passionate de-
less heroes, standing with Venice to-day, then vices, broke prison and spent the eight years
back on the Emperor's side to-morrow, pos until his death in harassing the Venetian fron-
sessed by no fixed policy except reconquest of tiers, fighting with the Turks, now as friend,
their ancient possessions, and by no fear but a now as enemy, and urging to a white heat the
fugitive one for their God. Count Christoph | strife of factions in Hungary, whose throne is


1901.]
229
THE DIAL
evidently the goal of his lawless and ill-fated flanking a central panel of the Holy Family.
ambitions.
For this elegant book with its wide margined
The scholarly accuracy with which Dr. pages, its curious chapter-headings designed by
Thode marshalls his folios is relieved and à friend of Dr. Thode, and its choice repro-
lightened by his almost childlike enthusiasm ductions of Dürer and Bellini, the linen cover
over his results. The tracing out of the ring's seems a singularly inappropriate housing.
ownership is truly, as the sub-title of his mono-
EDITH KELLOGG DUNTON.
graph puts it, “ an event in his life," a vivid
experience into which he throws all the senti-
ment of his quaint personality. And if, a better
lover than his hero, he cannot suppress an oc-
THE PERVERSION OF HISTORY.*
casional rhapsody over Apollonia, and perhaps
Mr. Ernest Belfort Bax is the author of
reads a bit of himself into the moody Croatian many excellent works on socialism, and in par-
Count, his story is surely none the worse for ticular early made a name and a place for him-
the fault.
self in an examination of the religious and
“I read the words — no! I heard them!”
no! I heard them !” ethical aspects of the modern socialistic move-
he announces naively of the motto on his treas ment. Of late he has turned his attention to
ured ring. It is this very freshness and dra- history, in monographs upon periods of popular
matic enthusiasm in his point of view that revolution and the men who created them. In
makes his book unique, and alive in spite of this work he has evidently adopted the method
the fact that its complex setting is absolutely of the scholar in the study of his subject, and
new ground for the average reader.
that of the partisan in the writing of his book.
Another quality rare in the antiquary is our
Great labor in research is exhibited, facts are
author's truly epic feeling for the value of di- accurately stated and citations are exact, but
gression. Not without the predilection of his deductions from those facts are so colored by
kind for citations and footnotes, he relegates a bitter socialistic prejudice as to be entirely
his bibliography to a brief appendix ; but be untrustworthy. Mr. Bax's latest effort, a life
revels in legitimate episode, and is never in of Marat, is a notable example of this biased
too much haste to indulge in a bit of friendly perspective.
chat upon side-issues. Of Marino Sanuto, the Marat, the bête noir of the Girondin his.
Boswell of sixteenth century Venice, he tells torians of the French Revolution, from whom
us that his handwriting is “not very legible.” other historians have until recently taken their
The citations from another chronicler, a love cue, has commonly been described as a man of
lorn captain of Vicenza, are prefaced by the little ability, limited influence, unbounded
wholly irrelevant information that it was he ferocity, and a personality disgusting both in
who first set down in writing the sad story of its physical and mental characteristics. From
the loves of Romeo and Juliet, as it was told this dictum Mr. Bax rescues bis hero. Mr.
him by a romantic fellow in his troop. Albert Bax is not alone nor is he first in portraying
Dürer's visit to Venice is introduced apropos his subject in the newer light. All careful
of a possible meeting between him and Apol modern historians coincide with the view which
lonia's brother the goldsmith, while we catch shows Marat to be in fact a man of education,
a glimpse of the “monkish brawl” just con distinguished as a physician and a scientist.
vulsing Germany as it cast its sbadow over the A disciple of Rousseau, he sacrificed position
joyless death-bed of Maximilian.
and wealth to the cause of the people, and by
The present edition of “ Frangipani's Ring' the integrity of his conduct, as well as the
is a sumptuous one, richly illustrated with very radical character of his political views, main-
beautiful photographic reproductions. These tained great influence over the Parisian popu-
include portraits of Maximilian and the Doge lace. He, far more than Robespierre and his
Leonardo Loredano — a comparison of which friends, led the Jacobin attack upon the Giron-
goes far toward explaining Venetian triumphs, dists, standing at first utterly alone in the bit-
-odd cuts from Maximilian's and the Frangi. ter struggle, and winning his victory by sheer.
pani Prayer-books, and photographs of Jan courage and force of will. He was honestly
Schorel's altar-piece ordered for the church in convinced of the necessity of the violence which
Ober-Vellach by Apollonia's daughter and he urged. Earlier histories fail to state with
representing, with the kindly leniency of the
* JEAN PAUL MARAT: The People's Friend. By Ernest
old masters, Saints Christoph and Apollonia Belfort Bax. Boston : Small, Maynard & Co.


280
(April 1,
THE DIAL
sufficient emphasis the influence he exerted, or He concludes with a quotation from a “ Fort-
the devotion of the people to his person.
nightly Review " article by Mr. Bowen Graves.
Mr. Bax brings out all these qualities of “ Threats of bloodshed are, no doubt, only too fre-
person and conditions of influence, and in do quent, but always in language such as, to an impartial
ing so exhibits unusual biographical ability; mind, excludes the idea of calculation. One day it is
ten thousand heads that must fall, the next it is a hun-
but he goes far beyond other writers in his
dred thousand, a third it drops to fifty thousand, a
unbounded admiration for Marat's abilities, fourth to twenty, and so on. A few hours before his
and in approval of his acts. It is one thing death, he tells us in bis journal what he meant by them:
to applaud the purity of Marat's motives, an-
• I used them,' he says, with a view to produce a strong
other to approve the motive itself ; one thing impression on men’s minds, and to destroy all fatal
security.'
to uphold his honesty of purpose in the use of
violence, another to defend the results of that
Thus Marat is here acquitted of any intention
violence. Mr. Bax yields all his admiration actually to carry out his threats. But in an.
to all that Marat did or wished to do. He does
other chapter, treating of Marat as a political
more than this : he defends every act and every
power, Mr. Bax, in order to prove the personal
incident of Marat's life with the ardor of a
magnetism of his hero, recounts a conversation
fanatical partisan, while the results of such de-
between Marat and Robespierre in which the
fense are published under the guise of a critical | latter said he supposed the “ sanguinary de
and a scholarly examination of his subject. mands for the blood of enemies of liberty were
Moreover, Mr. Bax is either dishonest or illog. only spoken in the air, and were not seriously
ical in the arguments advanced in Marat's be-
meant." Marat indignantly denied this.
half, e.g., Marat denied any honesty of purpose
“ As to its being no mere rhetorical form, he assured
or patriotic enthusiasm to the nobles for their
Robespierre that, after the horrible affair of Nancy, he
could have decimated the barbarous deputies who ap-
surrender of feudal rights on the famous night plauded it; that he would willingly have sent the in-
of August 4. That Marat should have been famous judges of the Chatelet to the stake; that again,
thus unjust, is explained by Mr. Bax on the after the massacre of the Champ de Mars, if he had
ground of political necessity'; he could not risk but found two thousand men animated with the same
the loss of political influence by approval of
sentiments as himself, he would have placed himself
at their head, poignarded the General (Lafayette) in
this act of the nobles, “and hence from the the midst of his brigand-battalions, burnt the despot in
politician's point of view, rather than the psy his palace, and strangled the traitorous representatives
chologist's, Marat's caustic criticism appeared
in their seats, as he had declared at the time. Robes-
completely justified.”
pierre listened to me with terror,' he says, he
But inasmuch as Mr.
grew
pale and was silent for some time.'”
Bax invariably measures his hero from the
standpoint of the psychologist, as he must in So after having asserted that Marat did not
order to defend his acts with any degree of really mean to proceed to extremities, Mr. Bax,
success, his inconsistency here weakens his
in bis desire to emphasize his hero's political
cause.
influence, reverses his previous judgment.
Naturally the author's greatest difficulty
These extracts refer to a period when Marat
arises from the necessity to explain and con-
had not yet had the opportunity of putting
done Marat's continual invocation of the use
into effect his threats of violence. When,
of violence to secure and maintain social and later, Marat really became a leader in the Sep-
political revolution. It is certain that Marat tember massacres, Mr. Bax shifts the ground
believed force necessary to secure these ends, of his defense to an insistence upon the purity
and was not only not bloodthirsty, as his of Marat's motives, and to a favorite compari-
enemies accused him of being, but was even
son with the acts of Thiers at the time of the
personally distressed at the necessity of using Parisian commune of 1871. He
says :
such means. But Mr. Bax is not fortunate in “ The thousand odd victims (of the September Mas-
his treatment of this subject. Writing of
Writing of sacres) were almost wholly well-to-do hangers-on of
various exhortations in the Ami du Peuple to
the Court. But who were the twenty or thirty thousand
victims of 1871 ? Almost wholly workmen, partisans
lop off the heads of aristocrats, he says: of a cause avowedly hostile to wealth and privilege,
“ There can be no doubt wbatever that by such utter and therefore hated by wealth and privilege. Herein
ances as these, Marat, whose single-minded object was lies the ground of the divergence in the world's judg-
to save the Revolution from the various plots which ment of the two events. If the world' would only be
there is no denying were at this time being constantly candid in the matter, and avow openly that it likes
hatched against it, was only concerned to keep public well-to-do Royalist plotters, and dislikes Proletarian
attention alive to the maneuvres of the Court and its insurgents, we should know where we were, and the
satellites."
issue would at least be clear."
92


1901.)
281
THE DIAL
Putting aside other considerations tending to perverted history: he has prostituted it, for it
form the world's" judgment upon these two is impossible to believe that a man of Mr. Bax's
events, it is at least clear that a policy of ability and scholarship, as exhibited in other
violence, solely destructive in its purpose, and writings, is in this instance either uncon-
failing in its objects, cannot stand in popular sciously dishonest or honestly illogical. It is
judgment, with a violent constructive policy unfortunate for the reputation of Marat that
that succeeded. Looking only at the purity the author's purpose, evident to the most casual
of motive, as does Mr. Bax in defense of Marat, reader, casts an unjust doubt on the real great-
it is difficult to see why an equal purity of ness of his hero.
EPHRAIM D. ADAMS.
motive should not be ascribed to Thiers. Yet
Thiers is a “scoundrel,” while Marat is a hero.
In a like manner Mr. Bax characterizes each
of Marat's opponents : Lafayette is a rascal,
OUTLINES OF GERMAN LITERATURE.*
Mirabeau a traitor, Bailly a silly-minded
In easy and popular style, Professor R. W.
savant. The royalists and constitutional mon Moore has presented the main outlines of Ger-
archists are always denied any patriotic honesty man literature in his “ History of German
of purpose, and Marat is always right in re Literature.” The book is a revision and exten-
garding them as intriguing plotters, and fit sion of a course prepared for English readers,
subjects for violent retribution. Surely if the which has been tested for several years in col-
“ lying Carlyle” has perverted history in the lege classes. Its purpose is to offer in a concise
interest of a class, Mr. Bax is equally guilty and attractive way a course for students and
in the interest of a social theory. Of Marat's others who wish to know something about “the
assassination he writes :
great men and the important works of German
“Oh, exponents of a class public opinion, satellites literature." The characteristics of the different
of privileged power and wealth, whose tap of indigna- literary movements are clearly stated ; the
tion and gassy horror is always turned on to the full
whenever a representative of privileged class-interest is
writers of each period are treated according to
smitten down — you who can slaver a slain monarch or
their importance, and brief résumés give a
statesman with undeserved adulation, who can fulmi- general knowledge of their best works.
nate against the author of his death at the top of your As is to be expected, the main portion is
voices, when will you find your cant no longer profitable?
devoted to the literature of the modern period,
What has been your attitude towards the People's
Friend' and the dastardly wretch who murdered him -
beginning with Luther. Luther's work in
her sick and helpless victim ? As one might only ex- giving to the German nation a uniform, stan-
pect, your sympathy has changed sides. Your " horror' dard literary language is justly praised as his
at assassination has suddenly evaporated. For the man
"greatest service to literature. Especially
who suffered a four years' martyrdom for his convic-
tions and for the cause of the disinherited, and who
through his translation of the Bible, which
finally sealed his testimony with his blood, you have no
came into the people's hands all through Ger-
words but those of coarse vituperation and the foulest many, did this new High German gain a foot-
calumnies that malice can divise. . . To every un hold, and become the exclusive literary lan-
prejudiced reader of history the deed of Charlotte Cor-
guage, that has remained until the present
day must appear as the most dastardly, cruel, and
wanton political assassination in the world's archives.”
time" (p. 59). Perhaps more space should
have been devoted to his work, which was the
Invective is not the weapon best suited to
most important of any before the classical
win a hostile " world,” nor will a denial of
period. His reforms were not confined to re-
patriotic motives to the opponents of Marat | ligious beliefs, but influenced all parts of life
enable Mr. Bax to convince the “unprejudiced by exalting the individual and stimulating
reader of history.” Thus his very partisan- personal effort. His prose writings show great
ship forbids the realization of his object. Has variety of style, and contributed much to the
he an object? The lying Carlyle” did not development of the literature by arousing a
intentionally pervert history, for he gave the national feeling and stirring men to mental
facts as he knew them. Mr. Bax, idealizing action.
Marat, stating the facts of his life and influence,
The classical period receives the fullest
and mis-stating the motives of other patriots,
treatment, as it deserves. The opening of the
seeks to emphasize the rights of a propaganda period by Klopstock, the development under
of socialistic reform, as against all constituted
* HISTORY OF GERMAN LITERATURE. By Robert Web-
government, and to deny to such governments
ber Moore, Professor of German in Colgate University.
the right of self-defense. He has not merely | Hamilton, N. Y.: Colgate University Press.


232
(April 1,
THE DIAL
>
Lessing and Herder to the full maturity under
As
RECENT ECONOMIC LITERATURE.*
Goethe and Schiller, are well described.
with special preference the author dwells on For several decades past, studies made by English-
the two greatest names, the poets of Faust speaking economists in the theory of distribution
and Wallenstein. The latter he calls “the have been mostly of a fragmentary character. The
first and greatest poet” in the popular mind. promulgation of the law of marginal utility by
Jevons and the Austrian writers has been followed
“ His poetry by its wide circulation and its
natural genuineness has nourished in the Ger. by a mass of literature dealing with theories of
value and price, and numerous attempts have been
man people the most noble sentiments - love
made to apply these theories to the valuation of
for the fatherland, for freedom, for honor, for
labor, the origin of interest, and to explaining the
justice and truth, for friendship and fidelity" existence of surplus-values in the shape of profits
(p. 175). In Goethe, on the other hand, and rent. Not until recent years have there been
" were united Klopstock's ability to enrich the serious attempts made to harmonize and consolidate
language, Lessing's clearness of vision and these theories into a general theory of distribution.
bold individuality, Wieland's elegance and
Of these attempts none seems more satisfactory
grace, Herder's universality, and Schiller's
or more likely to find a permanent place in the
literature of economics than the works of Messrs.
rhythm and rhetoric. His works and his in.
Clark and Hobson now before us.
fluence will endure as long as language lasts
Both writers have contributed largely to the de-
(p. 187).
velopment and extension of the theories above
Of the multitude of authors of the present | mentioned. Professor Clark's theoretical work
age, the most important are briefly discussed, alone covers a period of twenty-five years, while,
and the various literary tendencies are clearly for at least a decade, Mr. Hobson has been promi-
brought out. The tendency during the last nent among the British economists of the newest
few years is described as a "revolt of the school.
working classes against the middle classes." There is not space within the limits of this article
Some will miss familiar authors, although the
to do more than give a scanty notice to the theory of
list of those mentioned is quite complete.
distribution developed by each author, and there is
Bertha von Süttner's "Waffen Nieder" might
no room to institute an adequate comparison between
them. Perhaps even a lengthy comparison would
have been used as a good illustration of the
o novels of purpose
at present be premature, since Professor Clark's
(p. 251). Johanna
work is an unfinished one, and it is only in the
Ambrosius, whose poetry so touched the people second volume which he promises that we may ex-
recently, and Rosegger, whose simple sketches pect to find work analogous to that done by Mr.
are full of the breath of nature, seem to de Hobson in his present treatise. Nevertheless, there
serve some brief recognition.
are some points of resemblance which may be noted,
Credit might have been given (p. 193) to
and some points of difference between the theories
the scholarly labors of Jacob and William
of the two writers which may be briefly touched
Grimm in the domain of mediæval literature
upon. Both writers agree in making the price of
commodities the starting point in the theory of
and especially in legend and folk-lore. Men-
distribution. Professor Clark takes normal price
tion might also have been made of the cele-
as his starting point, for he is investigating distri-
brated historians of the present age, such as bution in a static society in which all disturbing
Mommsen, Ranke, von Sybel, and Treitschke, forces are eliminated and competition alone has
whose works are ornaments of literature as well free play. Mr. Hobson, on the other hand, takes
as of scholarship. But these criticisms are as his starting point the market price of commodi-
slight compared to the merit of the work as a
*THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH. By John Bates Clark.
whole, which will prove a boon to college New York: The Macmillan Co.
classes and to many general readers. About THE ECONOMICS OF DISTRIBUTION. By John A. Hobson.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
a hundred illustrations, all of authentic or his-
THE Trust PROBLEM By Jeremiah Whipple Jenks.
torical nature, are an attractive feature. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
W. A. CHAMBERLIN.
THE TRUSTS. By William Miller Collier. New York:
The Baker & Taylor Co.
ECONOMIC CRISES. By Edward D. Jones. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
CHARLOTTE M. YONGE, chiefly known for her numer RURAL WEALTH AND WELFARE. By George T. Fair-
ous books for girls, died March 24, in Winchester, En child. New York: The Macmillan Co.
gland, at the age of 78. Miss Yonge's first story was THE GOSPEL OF WEALTH, and Other Timely Essays. By
published when she was but 21, and her work has been Andrew Carnegie. New York: The Century Co.
so prolific that the titles of her books now fill eight WAR AND LABOUR. By Michael Anitchkow. New York:
pages in the British Museum library catalogue.
Longmans, Green, & Co.


1901.]
288
THE DIAL
ties, because his study of distribution begins with gain may under certain circumstances accrue to
the bargaining process which goes on in actual life labor, it is clear that we cannot speak of an expro-
between buyer and seller. Competition does not priation of the product of labor by capitalists and
in such a case fix the price of commodities, but land-owners. The distribution of the surplus will
only the limits below which the seller will not go depend upon the relative supply of the three factors
and above which the buyer will not go. Between of production. If labor is scarce as compared to
these two limits the actual price is determined by capital and land, the surplus will go to labor, and
the superior bargaining power of a single bayer or we might with equal fairness speak of the exploita-
seller. This leads to an element of forced gain tion of capital by the laborer. There is no ex-
that accrues to that side of buyers or sellers which ploitation involved in giving to any factor the share
possesses the shrewdest bargainer. In addition to which the final unit produces.
this, there is a differential gain shared in by all
buyers and sellers whose subjective valuations lie The recent interest in trusts has brought forward
beyond the limits within which the price is fixed. numerous books, pamphlets, and magazine articles
In a static state, such as is described by Professor dealing with that interesting and perplexing prob-
Clark, no element of forced gain could appear. lem. Among the discussions of this topic most
Each party to the bargain in fixing a price would favorably received have been the recent books by
secure the full measure of its productivity. Applied Professor Jenks and Mr. Collier, which must here
to the case of the factors of production, free com be dealt with more briefly than they deserve. Both
petition tends “to give labor what it creates, to works are written for the general reader rather
capital what it creates, and to entrepreneurs what than for the advanced student in economics, and
the coordinating function creates.” In both theories, with few exceptions they contain little that has not
the ement of differential gain still remaing. If, been made available to tudent by earlier and
for example, on a given amount of land a number more complete investigations. The scope of the in-
of units of labor of equal productivity be applied quiry is practically the same in each of the vol-
unit by unit, the productivity of the labor will umes, and the two authors agree in the main in
diminish after a certain point has been reached. their conclusions. Both writers admit that the chief
As the units of labor are supposedly equal, the cause of the growth of industrial combinations in
product of the final unit will fix the wages of each the past quarter century has been intense and often
and every other unit, and a rent will accrue to land wasteful competition. Both authors also agree in
as a result of the surplus created by the application the statement that special privileges such as patents,
of the earlier units. This is rent in the Ricardian tariff legislation, and railway discriminations, have
sense, a differential gain secured by land as a result often aided in this growth. Professor Jenks is,
of the diminishing productivity of labor upon the however, more logical in his attitude toward these
land. But we may have the same thing in the privileges than is Mr. Collier. For the latter, hav-
case of capital. The application of successive units ing admitted that competition is the chief and suf-
of labor to a fixed amount of capital will result in ficient cause of trusts, maintains that the abolition
differential gains which accrue in this instance to of these special privileges would cause the disap-
capital. Reversing the process and applying units pearance of the majority of the trusts. It should
of capital to a given amount of labor, we find capital also be noted that Professor Jenks views with more
subject to the same law of diminishing returns, and concern the disappearance of competition as a force
labor in this case secures a surplus, rent. This ex which controls prices, than does Mr. Collier. Both
tension of rent by Professor Clark to all the factors authors, however, regard potential competition as
of production is exactly paralleled in the discussion in the main a sufficient safeguard for the consumer
by Mr. Hobson. Corresponding to the forced gain of trust-made commodities in cases where neither
in the sale of commodities, there may be a marginal legal nor natural monopolies exist. A study of the
rent in the sale of the factors of production which prices charged by some of the great industrial com-
is not the same as the differential rent explained binations such as the sugar, whiskey, kerosene, tin-
by Ricardo as accruing to land and by Professor plate, and wire and steel trusts, made by Professor
Clark as due to all the factors of production. We
We Jenks for the United States Industrial Commission,
have already stated that Professor Clark does not leads him to the conclusion that while prices have
find this forced gain or marginal rent existing in a fallen since the establishment of these combinations
static society. What we here wish to emphasize is the general level of prices is somewhat higher than
that both writers agree in extending the conception would have probably prevailed had competition had
of differential rents to labor and capital as well as full play in these industries. The statements often
to land. Mr. Hobson holds that we cannot speak made by trust managers that industrial combina-
of a margin of employment for land any more than tions have made the market for their products more
we can for capital and labor. If we can say that steady seems to have little justification. The temp-
the worst land in cultivation bears no rent, we can tation to raise prices, or to maintain them at a high
just as well say that the worst placed capital gets level, is so strong that when once a monopoly has
no interest and the worst employed labor receives been established few trust managers have been able
no wage.
If this theory be true that a differential to resist the desire for high profits. This in the


284
(April 1,
THE DIAL
case of capitalistic monopolies bas inevitably re of these great corporations responsible to the full
sulted in the bringing into the field of new capital amount of their property instead of giving to them
to compete with the trust, and before the latter the limited liability conceded to other stockholders.
could regain its former supremacy it has been ob In case these remedies proved insufficient, he would
liged to buy up or coerce these competing estab-have acts of monopoly declared a crime, leaving to
lishments.
the courts the difficult task of deciding whether or
The most serious menace to the public from not monopoly really existed.
the trusts is probably to be found in the methods
by which these combinations are being organized Professor Edward D. Jones, of the University of
and manipulated. The principal sufferer is not the Wisconsin, is responsible for a well-written little
consumer but the investor. The great success of volume on “ Economic Crises." This is the first
certain of these combinations has brought into the systematic treatment of this subject in its entirety
field of corporation finance within recent years a that we have had in English. Professor Jones
class of persons known as promoters, whose business does not undertake to discuss at any length partic-
consists in the efforts to form combinations among ular crises and their causes. His work is chiefly &
industrial establishments which have hitherto been review of the theories of crises which have been
subject to the control of competition. In this way brought forward by other writers, and a critical
industrial consolidation has been brought about in examination of these theories in the light of our
many cases where it would not have taken place, at present economic knowledge. The treatment is
least for some time to come, had natural forces alone somewhat fragmentary in character, and the author
controlled. The promoter is usually paid for his ef is perhaps a little too dogmatic in his own state-
forts by common stock issued beyond the capitalized ment of opinions, but on the whole the discussion
valuation of the property of the consolidated com of the various theories is made in an impartial
panies. In addition to receiving preferred stock, manner, and the conclusions seem to be the result
whose par value equals the total capitalized value of of sound reasoning. There is an able chapter on
their property, the owners of the establishments thus the periodicity of crises in which the author, while
consolidated usually receive a bonus in the shape of not denying the existence of periodicity, claims that
large amounts of common stock. There is further. the proof of such regularity in the appearance of
more the underwriter, usually a banker, who under crises is not yet sufficient, and that no explanation
takes the sale of the stock. He also receives his pay for such periodicity has been offered which is at all
in common stock. It is not difficult to see that in adequate. Professor Jones lays great stress on the
this
way trusts are capitalized far beyond the limits abuse of credit as the cause of crises, but points out
which a prudent financial administration would that there is a danger in attributing crises to a
warrant. One of the most prominent of our present single kind of credit abuse such as banking specu-
industrial combinations has in this
way
been
cap-
lation. In the final chapter on the "Psychology
italized at $50,000,000, while the total selling value of Crises,” the author studies the individualistic
of the properties consolidated was only $18,000,000. motives underlying crises. These industrial dis-
Excessive capitalization means stock and bank turbances he declares to be due in large degree to
speculation, losses to investors, dangers to consumers a tendency toward speculation, and to undue optim-
from an attempt to raise prices so as to pay divi. ism in regard to the outcome of business projects.
dends on the stock thus issued, instability to busi The chief preventives the author finds in the sub-
ness, and perhaps a panic brought about by the ordination of economic interests to other motives
collapse of these undertakings.
and in such an increase of information concerning
Of the remedies proposed, the one most insisted
the facts of the modern industrial world as is to be
upon by both the above writers is publicity in re gained through commercial education. These rem-
gard to the finances and the methods employed by edies, however, furnish only a partial solution.
these combinations. Publicity alone would prob “ The final extinguishment of crises will come
ably cause the disappearance of some of the chief through the progress of general economic evolution
evils connected with trust organization and man.
rather than as the result of the application of
agement, and until we have this publicity, as Pro-specific remedies."
fessor Jenks well says, we cannot proceed wisely in The title of Dr. Fairchild's book,“Rural Wealth
the application of further remedies. Both writers and Welfare,” the experience of its author who for
apparently admit that the trust has brought much thirty-five years has been connected with agricul.
good and that it has come to stay. Prohibition has tural colleges, and the place of the treatise in
everywhere proved a failure, and is not recom “ The Rural Science Series," all would lead one to
mended by either writer. The abolition of the expect that the book was a treatise on agricultural
special privileges which have aided in the growth economics, for which there is at present a genuine
of trust formation, and the prevention of over need. It is extremely disappointing, therefore, to
capitalization, are of course advocated wherever the find that Dr. Fairchild's book is only another treat-
removal of these special privileges would not cause ise on elementary economics, differing in no way
a serious derangement of industry. Mr. Collier from the average text-book on that subject, except
would add to these remedies by making directors that perhaps the majority of the illustrations are


1901.]
235
THE DIAL
taken from farm life. The author has prepared | Unions, and is a firm believer in the justice of the
some interesting and valuable charts intended to sliding scale. Mr. Carnegie deplores strikes, but
show that conditions of demand and supply are the calls upon employers to observe patience when
controlling factors in the making of prices of agri- strikes occur, and he recognizes the equity of the
cultural commodities, and that speculative move striking man's commandment, “ Thou shalt not take
ments have exerted but little influence. He is wise thy neighbor's job." Mr. Carnegie's attitude on
in his insistence on the value of accurate crop sta the question of Imperialism is well-known, and
tistics to the agricultural class, and points out that scarcely requires comment. He deals fairly with
such information would do more to destroy the his opponents, and gives them credit for sincerity.
demoralizing force of mere speculation than any pos His views concerning British administration in
sible legal enactment.” There are some sensible India, and the administration of tropical countries
chapters on banking, insurance, and the tariff, and in general, are doubtless equally sincere, but they
here and elsewhere there are good suggestions as to are opposed, it should be said, to the opinions of
methods by which farmers may make use of division men who have observed less superficially and have
of labor, credit associations, and other means by studied the question more profoundly. Mr. Car-
which modern business bas attained to successful negie opposes the imperial federation of Britain
organization and results. The value of these sug and her colonies, a scheme which he regards as
gestions leads one to wish that this part of the work impracticable as well as undesirable, but he dreams
had been more fully worked out, leaving to other of an Anglo-Saxon alliance in which all English-
treatises the statement of elementary principles speaking nations shall share. Nothing, however,
common to the whole field of economics. Dr. Fair has done so much to hasten the realization of such
child takes an optimistic view of the drift of the a project as the recent cooperation of the two great
farming population into the cities. He considers English-speaking nations in the far East, a move-
this merely a means of readjusting industrial ar. ment which could not have taken place had it not
rangements, and one which is made possible and been for our acquisition of Eastern possessions
necessary by the wide use of agricultural machinery which Mr. Carnegie has so strenuously and vigor-
which has enabled three men to do the work that ously opposed.
fourteen did forty years ago.
Even the abandon. “War and Labour” is another of the numerous
ment of New England farms he does not consider attempts made by political philosophers to promote
a great social loss, though it may have injured in universal peace.
universal peace. The author, M. Anitchkow, is,
dividuals. “ These lands will find a profitable use however, scarcely an idealist. He does not think
in the wood lots throughout the East and in grazing that this peace can be made a never-ending one.
ranches through the West, with slight permanent
“ War,” he says,
" is the lot of mankind and the
loss. They are not signs of poverty but of a devel inevitable destiny of nations." In the first part of
oping trait, just as the abandoned country woolen his treatise, the author reviews and criticises the
mills tell the story of immense growth in factory various proposals which have been made by other
methods."
writers to secure the same end. He decides that
Mr. Carnegie's book, " The Gospel of Wealth,” neither the increase of armaments, the greater de-
consists of a group of essays, all of which have structiveness of modern artillery, the efforts of
appeared in English or American magazines or peace societies, nor international agreements and
periodicals. They cover a wide range of subjects courts of arbitration, will suffice to prevent the
biographical, economic, social, and political, but outbreak of war; and he supports his statements
may perhaps be conveniently divided into three with an abundance of historical evidence to show
groups. The first five essays deal with social and that the above mentioned methods have in the past
industrial questions, the next two with the recent failed to achieve this end. In Chapter I. of Book II.
political tendencies in this country, while the last the author strikes the keynote of his argument. It
four deal with English political problems and ten is bis claim that the prime cause of war in modern
dencies. Mr. Carnegie's well-known views con times is no longer religious or ethnographic differ-
cerning the use to be made of large accumulations ences, but trade rivalry, which has led to modern
of wealth are set forth in the essay which gives the tariffs, these imposts being the chief, cause of
title to the book. Mr. Carnegie's natural attitude
Mr. Carnegie's natural attitude international irritation. The administration of
as a man who has accumulated an immense fortune, tariffs, the author endeavors to show, differs in no
toward the accumulation of wealth, leads him to material respect from the preliminaries to war.
attach great importance in the social and industrial With the improvement in means of communication
sphere to individual leadership. He is inclined this administration becomes more difficult and more
even at this late day to agree with Adam Smith warlike in character. The chief use of troops in
that enterprises undertaken by joint stock companies some countries even now, is to protect customs ad-
are likely to prove failures unless they are con ministration. The abolition of tariff restrictions
trolled by a few able men.
For the same reason would remove the chief cause of modern internat-
he does not place much confidence in cooperative ional hostility. The author in his hostility to tariff
enterprises as a means of solving the labor problem. legislation would not even allow of fiscal tariffs,
He takes a sympathetic attitude toward Trade- | preferring to resort to direct taxation. He is much


236
(April 1,
THE DIAL
successor —
and character.
influenced by Henry George, and one of his best race. It was a true instinct which led the people
chapters is little more than a re-statement of Henry to regard him, not as a being of superior clay, but
George's doctrine contained in “ Protection and as “ Unser Fritz"
our Fritz.
An ardent cham-
Free Trade.” He is also much influenced by Leroy- | pion of tolerance, he opposed every exercise of ar-
Beaulieu, but claims that the great French econo bitrary power; a master of the military art, he
mist has not dared to go the whole way in his abhorred war, and the laurels of victory turned to
advocacy of a universal market and absolute free the cypress of mourning in his grasp. " I detest
trade. Freedom of trade and freedom of migration, this butchery," he sadly remarked on the morrow
says M. Anitcbkow, would remove the only causes of triumph; “I have never longed for war laurels,
of contemporary antagonism. The safety of foreign and would willingly have left such fame to others
investments would thus be guaranteed, for the without envying them.” At once the people's choice
cause of jealousy would be removed. The third and the representative of the hereditary principle,
part of the book seems to have little relation to he was indeed "every inch a king." His mantle
what has gone before. It consists in the main of has scarcely fallen upon his bustling and eccentric
loosely constructed arguments for freedom in in-
who has, however, by no means fulfilled
dustry, technical education, industrial cooperation, the unflattering expectations formed of him. Mr.
government ownership of railways, etc. The author Whitman's book is interesting and full of meat, and
wanders in a dreamy sort of fashion from one ideal it is presentably got up.
to another, believing them all to be resultants of
his proposed reforms, without stopping to indicate An excellent
Mr. George Parker Winship's
how these reforms are to realized, or why they are
bibliography “Cabot Bibliography” (Dodd) is
of the Cabots.
to be considered inevitable.
an exhaustive and scholarly piece of
M. B. HAMMOND. work. An introduction of some fifty pages gives a
concise account of what is actually known about
the Cabots. Mr. Winship has distinguished clearly
between the historical value of strictly contemporary
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
evidence and that of the later gossip of the histor-
Emperor
Mr. Sidney Whitman's Life of the ians, whose personal acquaintance with Sebastian
Frederick's life Emperor Frederick" (Harper), ed. Cabot has blinded us to the carelessness and indi-
ited from the German of Margaretha rectness of their testimony. Upon the same prin-
von Poschinger, appears simultaneously with the ciple, he has relegated the legends of the so-called
final instalment of the more voluminous original. “Cabot map” to a position of secondary importance,
Mr. Whitman has selected from Fraulein Posch no certain connection between the map and the
inger’s mass of material such portions as seemed navigator having been established. The biblio-
most likely to interest English readers, and he has graphy proper consists of two parts,
a list of
eliminated so far as possible all second-hand com early documents, books, and maps relating to the
ment and appreciation. The volume is thus in the Cabots, and a list of the later books, articles, and
main composed of conversations, letters, and per addresses that have been printed about them,
sonalia of monarchs, soldiers, savants, statesmen, containing altogether nearly six hundred titles.
and men of letters, so arranged as to form an ac The titles are supplemented by excellent explana-
count of the public and private life of the Emperor tory and critical notes, which constitute the chief
told in the words of witnesses able in most cases to value of the work. We have but one fault to find
speak directly to the facts. The inherent defects, with the bibliography, and that respects its arrange-
as well as merits, of biography made on this plan ment in alphabetical order. In our opinion a
are obvious; and Mr. Whitman is at least to be chronological order would have much better served
credited with a very good piece of literary joiner the purpose of the lists. It would have disclosed
work, in which the materials are sound and well the original material in the order of historical se-
chosen, and put together in a workmanlike way. It quence, and have distinguished more clearly its
may be added that in many cases the documents 80 relative value. It would have grouped the later
laboriously assembled by the pious care of Fraulein discussions around the successive storm centres of
Poschinger have an interest of their own to which the Cabot controversy, and have developed natur-
that which they owe to their bearing on the career ally its origin and subsequent course. An index of
or character of Emperor Frederick is secondary. names would then have rendered the whole easy of
The life of “Unser Fritz” was largely part and reference. As it is, the lists are somewhat bewil-
parcel of some of the most important phases of the dering and difficult to read. The order suggested
history of his time ; his character was such as to would have made them easy and interesting — an
gild with a ray of splendor what future history will extraordinary thing for a bibliography. Probably
probably regard as the declining day of European it will be said that the book is not intended to be
royalty of the old type. It may perhaps be urged
It may perhaps be urged read, but it is certainly a distinct advantage to
that not absolutism but liberalism is heir to the make a book readable, if it can be done. Mr.
lustre of his virtues ; that in many things he was at Winship's knowledge of Cabot sources and literature
heart a generous apostate from the tradition of his is so extensive, and his judgment so sound, that it


1901.)
287
THE DIAL
Latest investi-
would be a pity for him to rest with this work. spilt — the principle, namely, that every people,
Mr. Beazley gave us a good popular account of the however small, which is fit for self-government, or
Cabots, but a definitive statement still remains to is demonstrably well on the way to that fitness, “ is
be written a book that shall be final as far as a and of right ought to be free and independent," and
book can be. Mr. Winship seems to have every unpreyed upon by the commercial greed or terri-
qualification for writing such a book, and we trust torial ambition of its stronger neighbors. In a vol.
that he has it in contemplation.
ume of 328 pages, Mr. Edgar Sanderson tells in
popular style the stories of leading “ Hero-Patriots
The small volume by Dr. David F. of the Nineteenth Century” (Crowell). Among
Mental health
Lincoln, entitled “Sanity of Mind"
and disease.
the names inscribed on Mr. Sanderson's roll of
(Putnam), is one of those meritori-
honor are Diaz, Hofer, Bolivar, Bozzaris, Garibaldi,
ous works which one is disposed to criticise rather Kanaris, Abdel-Kader, Schamyl, Manin, Mazzini.
harshly because it could so easily have been better. Mr. Sanderson writes clearly and directly, avoiding
It contains good material, served rather indiffer-
the pitfalls of florid description and high-flown
ently well and with no executive skill. It has an
panegyric, and wisely letting the plain facts about
important and a timely message, and along with his heroes speak for themselves. The narratives
other works of its class, will serve a good purpose appear to be based on trustworthy sources of infor-
in acquainting the interested public with the
general
mation, and the book is on the whole a good one
nature of some of the influences that make for
for popular reading at a time when the popular
mental health and disease. It brings the reader mind needs a tonic that may serve to brace and
within speaking distance of mental abnormalities, fortify its sense of the claims and rights of aspiring
and shows him how modern views of physiological nationalism. There are several portraits.
and psychological functions may be applied in wise
precept as well as in specific advice. The lesson
The traditional text-book of human
of the volume is essentially practical ; its tone is gations in physiology is a bulky volume ill-
educational and sociological. It considers the fac human physiology. adapted to the use of the student
tors of heredity and environment in the production who desires a concise manual of the subject which
of abnormally tending influences, and points out will give a clear view of the entire field. The
where the optimistic reformer may most effectively “Outlines of Human Physiology” (Holt), by Drs.
apply his philanthropic energies, and where the Schenck and Gurber of the Physiological Institute
educator must be most actively upon his guard. It at Würzburg, aims to lay stress on the undisputed
does this with moderate success, but not nearly so facts of the science without extended discussion of
effectively as must be done before this type of ideas conflicting hypotheses. The authors' names are a
becomes absorbed into the thinking of the educated sufficient guarantee that the contents have been
public. One of the points most successfully em well selected, with due regard to the latest investi-
phasized is the value of activity in the cure and gations in the field of human physiology. Little
prevention of abnormal tendencies, not merely in attention is paid to the mechanism of experimental
extreme cases but in little ways. One is at once work in the laboratory, emphasis being laid upon
reminded of James's classic chapter on babit, when the results of such work rather than upon the
the author, in insisting upon the necessity that ac means by which they may be obtained. Dr. Zoe-
quisition should leave a tangible deposit in action, thout's translation makes this very admirable work
says: “Probably the most insidious form of mental available for English readers. In the preface to
voluptuousness is the hearing of brilliant sermons the American edition Professor Loeb calls attention
and lectures." On the whole, one forms a more to the extension of physiological research to the
favorable impression of the author than of his invertebrates in the now developing science of ex-
book; and yet any one interested in the spread of perimental morphology, and to the application of
the point of view which Dr. Lincoln advocates, and physical chemistry to physiological problems. The
sympathetic with his sound and practical purposes, results of this work, though important in their bear-
will be glad to recommend the work as a step in ing on the fundamental laws of life, have not as
the right direction.
yet found their way into medical text-books.
The awakened sense of nationalism,
A sketch of
Mr. W. F. Apthorp has written for
Hero-patriots of
resulting in the struggles on every the Opera,
“ The Music Lover's Library
the 19th century.
hand of subject peoples to cast off
past and present.
(Scribner) what he calls a “com-
the yoke of their foreign oppressors, is, together pendious sketch” of “The Opera, Past and Pres-
with the concomitant spread of constitutionalism or ent.” The work is brief, but it serves well its pur-
democracy, the central fact of nineteenth-century pose, and the author has embodied in his not
political history. The names of the leading heroes numerous pages the result of much historical re-
in the several wars for national independence are, search, besides the experience of a veteran pro-
or should be, familiar ones to a generation which fessional critic. He states the gist of the whole
now seems in some danger of forgetting the prin matter of operatic history when he says that opera
ciple in defence of which so much blood has been was started on the right artistic road three hundred


238
(April 1,
THE DIAL
A modern
-
years ago in Florence, that it soon got side-tracked observation. One is called “ White Blackbirds and
from what should have been its true course, and Other Freaks ”; another, “ How Birds are Named";
that it was not until the mighty genius of Wagner while a third takes up “ The Three Great Prob-
appeared in the arena that the long struggle be lems of Bird Life," which are defined to be “ Food,
tween artistic and inartistic principles was ended. Safety, and Reproduction.” The engrossing topic
Even the powerful influence of Gluck could not of “ Protection by Color” receives adequate con-
avail to restore the lyrical drama to its own, although sideration, with a most interesting statement of the
after Gluck's epoch-making activity it was only a “law of gradation," recently discovered, and the
question of time when the triumph of art over manner of its demonstration. The book is almost
patchwork should be secure. We do not always an encyclopædia in its inclusiveness, but lacks the
agree with Mr. Apthorp's estimates of particular index which would make all its information readily
composers and works, but his judgment is usually available.
well-fortified, and deserving of respect. A more
Mrs. W. K. Clifford calls « The
serious criticism must be directed toward his style,
Likeness of the Night” (Macmillan)
which is often marred by vulgarisms and examples
“A Modern Play in Four Acts,"
of uncouth phraseology.
and modern it is, at least in coming to a conclu-
Such a career as Mr. William T.
sion which is tragical to a human soul rather than
The mother of the
Stead describes in his “ Life of Mrs.
to a human body. The play, with considerable
Salvation Army.
Booth” (Rovell) cannot fail to in-
modification, has been acted by Mr. and Mrs.
terest every lover of humanity and believer in its
Kendall, with Miss Madge M’Intosh as the heroine,
eventual salvation. Prefixed by a portrait of the
and is to be placed on the Vienna stage in transla-
good woman whose virtues it celebrates, the
tion, as we are informed by the little preface. As
“mother” of the Salvation Army, this small vol-
printed, the dialogue is bright, and in the manner
ume, appropriately clad in red, is much more than of the modern English school; while the construc-
a mere recitation of events or catalogues of virtues.
tion of the play appears to owe its skill quite as
It contrives to return to this earth something of the
much to the actors as to Mrs. Clifford's 'prentice
hand. The theme is of the sort with which Mrs.
personality with which Mrs. Booth once blessed it,
making it a good book in much the sense in which
Clifford has identified her writing generally. What
she was a good woman satisfied when duty is
seems least pleasant about it all is the insistence
that convention, standing for race experience, car-
done with no nonsense about it. Catherine Mum.
ford was born in 1829; her father was a coach-
ries with it immediate punishment for all lapses,
builder, a keen politician, and a Methodist preacher, taking the question away from morality as such, and
and her mother was a believer in the maxim, “If
leaving it a mere matter of social understanding.
you wish to train a child do it yourself.” In 1855
A singularly grewsome old-time tale
she was married to William Booth, preacher. She A quaint and
of the sea is the story of “ The Globe
was never in good health, but spent no time in grewsome sea-laie.
Mutiny" (Abbey Press) as told by
complaints, bringing up a large family, and so fill-
the two survivors of the adventure, William Lay
ing her days with labor that the amount of it can
and Cyrus M. Hussey. The narrative was first
only be estimated in results. Mrs. Booth died in
published in 1828, and is now reprinted with a fac-
1890, deeply regretted, but leaving behind her an
simile of the old title-page. It would have charmed,
achievement which fully entitles her to Mr. Stead's
and perhaps inspired, Robert Louis Stevenson, who
title of “a Maker of Modern Britain.” At times
could certainly bave supped full of its horrors.
a little restraint or pruning of enthusiasm might The Globe” was a Nantucket whaler which sailed
have benefitted the work, but it is in earnest, and in 1822 for the Pacific. During the voyage part
is interesting reading throughout.
of the crew mutinied, murdered their officers and
some of their shipmates, and then set sail for the
It requires treatment of an unusual
Mulgrave Islands, where they landed, and where
A comprehensive
kind to justify so ambitious a title
all of them save Lay and Hussey were subsequently
“ The Bird Book” (Heath), but
killed either by the natives or their own blood-crazed
Mrs. Fannie Hardy Eckstorm fairly earns her right companions. The story is quaintly and circum-
to use it by the interesting and original work where-
stantially told, and contains some curious descrip-
with she has enlivened the more customary knowl-
tions of the Mulgrave Islanders.
edge included with it. It appears to be the design
of the author to awaken in her readers the desire
Life and ways
“The Handy Man Afloat and
their
eyes
and see birds for themselves. To
Ashore” (Small, Maynard & Co.)
persuade them to alertness of vision she tells of the
is a capital account of the modern
enchanting things she herself has been able to per British tar, his life and ways, by the Rev. G. Good-
ceive — with older and wiser eyes, of course, yet enough, sometime chaplain in the Royal Navy and
with no more skill than falls naturally to the lot of at Greenwich Hospital. Mr. Goodenough knows
those who will do as they are bid. Some of the the sailor thoroughly and is plainly in sympathy
chapter titles show the inducements held forth for with him; and we do not know where a better and
book on birds.
as
to open
of the modern
British tar.


1901.]
289
THE DIAL
ences
fresher book of the kind is to be found than the one
NOTES.
he has given us.
The routine of life on the man-
of-war and the training ship is pictured in close “ The New Century Standard Letter-Writer," by
detail, and an abundance of photographic plates
Dr. Alfred B. Chambers, is a recent popular publication
of Messrs. Laird & Lee.
adds much to the graphic quality of the text.
Aside from its descriptive value the best thing
« Australasia: The Commonwealth and New Zea-
about the book is the kindly and charitable spirit
land,” by Mr. Arthur W. Jose, is a timely addition to
in which it is written. Mr. Goodenough plainly
the “ Temple Primers " published by the Macmillan Co.
The “ Introduction to Sociology,” first published five
has little patience with the “unco guid” who are
years ago by Mr. Arthur Fairbanks, now appears in a
always trying to curtail poor Jack's little indulg-
revised edition (the third) from the press of the Messrs.
even his " baccy.” “Why,” he sarcastic Scribner.
ally asks,“ are good people so eager to bring forth “ The Government of Minnesota," by Dr. Frank L.
supplements of their own to the Ten Command-McVey, is a convenient historical and constitutional
ments ?”
manual, intended for school use, just published by the
Macmillan Co.
Scholarly studies
Like other books by Mr. Frank
of four great
Preston Stearns which we have had
“ The Messages of Jesus according to the Synop-
Venetian painters. the pleasure of examining his “ Four
tists,” by Dr. Thomas Cuming Hall, has just been pub-
lished by the Messrs. Scribner in their “ Messages of
Great Venetians" (Putnam) well repays reading: the Bible " series.
This volume contains an account of the lives and
Walton's “Complete Angler” and “ Lives” filling a
works of Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, and Paul single handsome volume, very appropriately take their
Veronese, together with an introductory chapter place in the “
place in the Library of English Classics” published
descriptive of the rise of Venetian art, and the by the Messrs. Macmillan.
methods of its earlier exponents. The four leading A new edition of Edgar Allan Poe's complete works,
essays present a judicious mingling of biographical edited by Prof. James A. Harrison of the University of
essentials, criticism, and descriptive analysis of Virginia, and other Poe specialists, is announced by
representative works. Mr. Stearns's studies evince
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.
a thorough acquaintance with the literature bearing
A new edition of the “Hudson” Shakespeare, one
on his subject, and his knowledge of technical
play to a volume, is in course of publication by Messrs.
Ginn & Co. « Macbeth” and “Julius Cæsar" have
processes appears to be superior to that generally
just been received by us, each volume neatly bound in
possessed by the layman in art. On the whole his
flexible leather covers.
book is one which intelligent readers will appreciate
“Selections from the Prose Tales of Edgar Allan
for its scholarly independence of view and sugges-
Poe” is a “ Pocket Classic” published by the Macmil-
tive freshness of comment. Pictorially it seems to lan Co. The text is that of the authoritative edition of
us to fall short of the requirements and deserts of Messrs. Stedman and Woodberry, which the publishers
the text, the half-dozen plates being of relatively have courteously permitted to be used.
poor quality.
“ The Influence of the American Revolution upon
German Literature” is an interesting study of an inter-
esting subject by Professor James Taft Hatfield and
Miss Elfrieda Hochbaum, reprinted in pamphlet form
BRIEFER MENTION.
from the pages of “ Americana Germanica.'
From the pictorial point of view Estelle M. Hurll's
“Songs of Exile,” translated from various Hebrew
little handbook on Murillo, in the “Riverside Art
poets by Miss Nina Davis, is a small volume recently
Series" (Houghton), is very attractive, the seventeen
issued by the Jewish Publication Society of America.
full-page illustrations being both pleasing and repre-
Both the Talmudic and the Midrashic literatures are
sentative in subject, and satisfactory mechanically. represented, but the chief tribute is levied upon the
But Miss Hurll's “interpretations " sink too often to
poet Jehudah Halevi.
the level of mere prattle about the pictures and the “A Short Introduction to the Literature of the
pointing out of qualities too obvious to escape the eye
Bible,” by Mr. Richard Green Moulton, is a recent pub-
of a child. The work, however, contains some useful
lication of Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. It is not an
tabulated matter, and it forms, at least, a charming abridgment of the author's “Literary Study of the
picture-book.
Bible,” but an independent work, although the two
“National Legislation Concerning Education: Its
books naturally have much in common.
Influence and Effect in the Public Land States East of Mr. R. H. Russell publishes a volume of “Stage
the Mississippi River" (Columbia University Press), Lyrics,” by Mr. Harry B. Smith. They are very famil-
is a very instructive monograph by Mr. George B. Ger iar lyrics to the theatre-going public, for they are all
mann, the same being a thesis for the degree of Doctor taken from the author's librettos and musical comedies.
of Philosophy in Columbia University. The monograph
The illustrations are character portraits of the popular
indicates much painstaking research, is clearly written stage favorites of the day, and are very numerous.
and logically arranged. It is announced as the fore The revelations of Sig. Benedetti concerning the man-
runner of a more exhaustive study along the same lines. agement of the Villa Giulia Museum, of which some
This monograph gathers in compact form a very striking account was given in THE DIAL three months ago, have
and valuable array of facts, and it ought, therefore, to attracted much attention among archæologists. A
prove of great interest to all students of education and pamphlet just published in Rome by Herr W. Helbig
sociology.
contains, in Italian translation, upwards of a score of


240
(April 1,
THE DIAL
articles that have appeared upon this subject in Euro-
pean and American journals. Condemnation of the
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
methods employed in the management of the Museum
April, 1901.
in question appears to be general, and the pamphlet
American People, Message to. Count Tolstoy. No. Amer.
before us offers impressive testimony to this fact.
Anthracite Coal Crisis, The. Talcott Williams. Atlantic.
The Macmillan Co. publish a new edition, practically Australian Squatter, The. H. C. Mac Ilvaine. Harper.
unchanged as to text, of Professor Dean C. Worcester's Babism Religion, The. E. D. Ross. North American.
work on “ The Philippine Islands and Their People.” Beaver, Story of the. W. D. Hulbert. McClure.
Much water has flowed under the bridges since this
Bees in Royal Bonnets. Felix L. Oswald. Lippincott.
work first appeared three years ago, but it remains one
Berlin, Rise of. Sidney Whitman. Harper.
of the best accounts of land and people, from a scien-
British Expansion, Victorian Era of. A. Ireland. No. Amer.
Carnegie, Andrew. H. W. Lanier. World's Work.
tific point of view, that we have.
Confederate Army, Disbanding of. Ida M. Tarbell. McClure.
A volume of “Songs of All Colleges,” compiled and Cordes. Ernest C. Peixotto. Scribner.
arranged by Messrs. David B. Chamberlain and Karl P. Cuba and Congress. A. J. Beveridge. North American.
Harrington, is a recent publication of Messrs. Hinds & Dante's Quest of Liberty. C. A. Dinsmore. Atlantic.
Noble. This handsome quarto of over two hundred
Democratic Party Radical Movement. W.C. Mains. Forum.
pages includes most of the old favorites, as well as
Doctor, Family, Relation of to Medical Progress. Rev. of Rev.
Education and Production. C. W. Dabney. World's Work.
many of the later successes for which one will search
the old collections in vain. The book should prove
English Trade Conditions. Chalmers Roberts. World's Work.
Englishman's Insularity, The. T.S. Knowlson. World's Wk.
widely popular.
Evarts, W. M., Career of. Albert Sbaw. Rev. of Reviews.
Mr. Herbert E. Walter and Alice Hall Walter have Evil, Root of the. Count Tolstoy. North American.
prepared a list of one bundred birds observed in Lin Federal Bankruptcy Law. W. H. Hotchkiss. No. American.
coln Park, Chicago, during the Spring migrations, which France on Wrong Track. P. de Coubertin. Rev. of Reviews.
they publish in the form of a small pamphlet entitled
Gardens, Old Manor-House. Rose S. Nichols. Century.
“Wild Birds in City Parks." It is intended to serve
Grange, The. Kenyon L. Butterfield. Forum.
Hague Peace Conference, The. E. E. Hale. Forum.
as a help in identifying these transient visitors, and con-
Harrison, Benjamin. T. J. More an. Review of Reviews.
tains many useful hints to that end. It may be obtained
Human Document, A Curious. Louis Robinson. No. Amer,
of Mr. F. C. Baker, Academy of Sciences, Chicago. Indian Territory, The. R. J. Hinton. Review of Reviews.
“ The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche,” by Miss Ireland, Archbishop. Mary C. Blossom. World's Work.
Grace Neal Dolsen, is an issue of the “Cornell Studies Iron, Transportation of. Waldon Fawcett. Century.
in Philosophy,” and offers a fuller exposition than has
Isthmian Canal Commission Report. A. F. Walker. Forum.
hitherto been given in the English language of the
Italian Politics. H. Remsen Whitehouse. Forum.
The
writings of this vigorous and original thinker.
Italy, Political Status of. Sidney Brooks. World's Work.
Koblenz to Rotterdam. Augustine Birrell. Century.
treatment is reasonably sympathetic, and the interest of
Literature, Fashions in. C. D. Warner. Century.
the subject is so great that we predict for this essay a Literature, Search after Novelty in. Albert Schinz. Forum.
wider audience than is usually won by a technical philo Malaria and Certain Mosquitos. L. 0. Howard. Century.
sophical monograph.
Missionary Critics, My. Mark Twain. North American.
The Baker & Taylor Co.'s Spring announcement list
Monopoly, Limitations of. Edward S. Meade. Forum.
includes the following: “Mr. Chupes and Miss Jenny:
Moorish Art, Two Centres of. E. L. Weeks. Scribner.
The Life Story of Two Robins,” by Effie Bignell; a
Morgan, J. Pierpont. Lindsay Denison. World's Work.
Municipal Reform, Next Step in. E. B. Smith. Atlantic.
revised edition of "With the Wild Flowers, from Pussy
Nature-Study on Cornell Plan. L. H. Bailey. Rev of Revs.
Willow to Thistledown,” by Maud Going; “The Next Politics and Public Schools. G. W. Anderson, Atlantic.
Great Awakening,” by Dr. Josiah Strong; “ The Creed Poor-Law, The English. Thomas Burke. Forum.
of Presbyterians,” by Rev. Egbert Watson Smith; “My Prairies, Oar, and the Orient. W. R. Lighton. World's Wk.
Master," by Swami Vivekananda; and “ First Years in Prohibition in Kangas. W. A. Peffer. Forum.
Handicraft," by Mr. Walter J. Kenyon.
Queen Alexandra I. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews.
Reconstruction in South Carolina. D. H. Chamberlain. Allan.
Professor Mark H. Liddell's “Chaucer,” published
by the Macmillan Co., is an excellent text for school
Russian Jew, Rise of. Hutchins Hapgood. World's Work.
School Life, Neighborhood Co-operation in. Rev. of Reviews.
It includes the Prologue, “ The Knightes Tale,” Schwab, Charles M. Arthur Goodrich. World's Work.
and - The Nonne Prestes Tale,” together with an ex Sea Captain's Day's Work. M. Foster. World's Work.
position of the principles of Middle English grammar Serpent-Worshippers of India. W. H. Tribe. Harper.
and phonology, a glossary, and notes. Much bas been Solar Motor, The. F. B. Millard. World's Work,
done of late in Chaucer scholarship, and this book, which South, Case for the. Josiah W. Bailey. Forum.
presents the results of the most recent investigation, is
Southern Mountaineer, The. John Fox, Jr. Scribner.
Submarine Boat, The. G. W. Melville. North American.
necessarily better than its predecessors, excellent as
Telephone Newspaper, The. T. S. Denison. World's Work.
some of these were in their day.
Tolstoy. Constance and Edward Garnett. North American.
The English Readings" published by Messrs. Henry Tolstoy, Walks with. Andrew D. White. McClure.
Holt & Co. constitute one of the best series of anno Trades-Unions in Japan. Mary G. Humphreys. Century.
tated school texts that bave ever been produced. The Tragic Stage, Renaissance of. Martha A. Harris. Atlantic.
“ Arnold” and “ Newman" of Mr. Gates, the “Burke' Tramp, Day with a. W. A. Wyckoff. Scribner,
of Mr. Perry, and the “Byron" of Dr. Carpenter are
Vicksburg Siege, Woman's Experiences during. Century.
model books of their kind, and we can bestow a word of
Victoria, Queen, Personal Reminiscences of. Century.
Village Improvement Society, Our. E. E. Rexford. Lipp't.
similar praise upon the “Swift,” recently edited by Mr.
Washington, State of. W. D. Lyman. Atlantic.
F. C. Prescott. “Gulliver" and the “ Journal to
Waterways, Inland. Alexander H. Ford. Forum.
Stella" are not included in this volume, but the rest of Wendell's American Literature. W. D. Howells. No. Amer.
Swift's prose writings are well represented, and the edito "York," a Dishonest City. Josiah Flynt. McClure.
rial apparatus is all that we could reasonably expect. Yosemite Fountains and Streams. John Muir. Atlantic.
use.
.
-


1901.]
241
THE
DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 164 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since the issue of March 1.]
BIOGRAPHY.
The Autobiography of a Journalist. By William James
Stillman. In 2 vols., with portraits, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $6.
Samuel Richardson: A Biographical and Critical Study.
By Clara Linklater Thomson. With portrait, 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 308. M. F. Mansfield & Co. $2.25 net.
Saint Louis (Lonis IX. of France), the Most Christian King.
By Frederick Perry, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 303. Heroes
of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Queens of England, from the Norman Conquest to the
Reign of Victoria. By Mary Howitt; revised by Geneva
Armstrong. With portraits. 12mo, pp. 549. Chicago :
B. S. Wasson & Co. $1.50.
Victoria: Maid, Matron, and Monarch. By Grapho (J. A.
Adams). 12mo, pp. 252. Chicago : Advance Publishing
Co. 50 cts.
Personal Recollections of William Kite. By Edwin C.
Jellett. Illus., 16mo, unout, pp. 34. Germantown: Press
of Independent-Gazette. Paper.
HISTORY.
History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649–
1660. By Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. Vol. III.,
1654-1656. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 513. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $7.
The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775–
1780. By Edward McCrady, LL.D. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 899. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
The French Revolution: A Sketch. By Shailer Mathews,
A.M. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 297. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.25.
Mooted Questions of History. By Humphrey J. Desmond.
Revised edition; 12mo, pp. 328. Boston: Marlier & Co.,
Ltd. 75 cts.
Australasia, the Commonwealth and New Zealand. By
Arthur W. Jose. Illus., 24mo, pp. 164. “Temple Cyclo-
pædic Primers." Macmillan Co. 40 cts. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe, from
the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By George Saints-
bury, M.A. In 3 vols.; Vol. I., Classical and Mediæval
Criticism. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 499. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$3.50 net.
Correspondence of John C. Calhoun. Edited by J.
Franklin Jameson. Being the Fourth Annual Report of
the Historical Manuscripts Commission of the American
Historical Association. Large 8vo, pp. 1218. Washington:
Government Printing Office.
The Historical Novel, and Other Essays. By Brander
Matthews. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 321. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
Demosthenes on the Crown. With critical and explana-
tory notes, an historical sketch, and essays by William
Watson Goodwin, LL.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 368.
Macmillan Co. $3.75 net.
The Classical Heritage of the Middle Ages. By Henry
Osborn Taylor. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 400. Colum-
bia University Studies in Literature." Macmillan Co.
$1.75 net.
The 19th Century: A Review of Progress during the Past
One Hundred Years in the Chief Departments of Human
Activity. 8vo, pp. 494. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.
Speeches of Oliver Cromwell, 1644-1658. Collected and
edited by Charles L. Stainer, M.A. With portrait, 12mo,
uncut, pp. 492. Oxford University Press. '$1.50.
New York in Fiction. By Arthur Bartlett Maurice. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 231. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
The Club; or. A Grey Cap for a Green Head. By James
Puckle, N.P.; illus. with wood-cuts by John Thurston ;
with Introduction by Austin Dobson 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 220. Truslove, Hanson & Comba. $i.
Abraham Lincoln. By Joseph H. Choate. 12mo, pp. 38.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cts.
Thomas De Quincey's Relation to German Literature
and Philosophy. Von William A. Dann. Large 8vo, un-
cut, pp. 136. Strassburg : Heitz & Mündel. Paper.
“Here Lies”: A Collection of Ancient and Modern, Humor-
ous and Queer Inscriptions from Tombstones. Compiled
and edited by W. H. Howe. With frontispiece, 16mo,
pp. 197. New Amsterdam Book Co. 75 cts.
The Prose Writers of Canada: An Address. By S. E.
Dawson, Litt. D. 8vo, pp. 39. Montreal: E. M. Renonf.
Paper.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Complete Angler, and Lives of Donne, Wotton,
Hooker, Herbert, and Sanderson. By Izaak Walton.
Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 497. “Library of English Classics."
Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Shakespeare's Hamlet. The E. H. Sothern Acting Ver-
sion. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 136. McClure, Phillips
& Co. 50 cts. net.
Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, The
Knightes Tale, The Nonne Prestes Tale. Edited by Mark
H. Liddell. 16mo, pp. 221. Macmillan Co. 60 cts. net.
Shakespeare's Works, Chiswick” edition. Edited by
John Dennis ; illus. by Byam Shaw. New vols.: Julius
Cæsar, and First Part of King Henry IV. Each 24mo.
Macmillan Co. Per vol., 35 cts.
Cassell's National Library. New vols.: Johnson's Lives
of the Poets, Shakespeare's King John, and Paul Hentz-
ner's Travels in England. Each 24mo. Cassell & Co.,
Ltd. Per vol., paper, 10 cts.
POETRY AND VERSE.
Love's Argument, and Other Poems. By Ellen Thorney-
croft Fowler. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 151. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.50.
The Trophies: Sonnets. By José-María de Heredia; trans.
by Frank Sewall. 8vo, uncut, pp. 133. Small, Maynard
& Co. $2 50 net.
Stage Lyrics. By Harry B. Smith. Illus., 8vo, pp. 158.
R. H. Russell. $1.50.
Town and Country Poems. By Arthur E. J. Legge. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 102. London: David Nutt.
Heartsease: A Cycle of Song. 16mo, uncut, pp. 67. Lon-
don: David Nutt.
Songs from Bobemla. By Daniel O'Connell; edited by
Ina D. Coolbrith ; with biographical sketch by Wm. Greer
Harrison. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 232.
San Francisco: A. M. Robertson. $1.50.
The Glass of Time. By Charlotte Becker. 16mo, uncut,
pp. 44. Chicago: The Blue Sky Press. $1.
Songs of Exile. By Hebrew poets ; trans, by Nina Davis.
16mo, gilt top, pp. 146. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication
Society. 75 cts.
The Stranger. By Mattie Balch Loring. With frontispiece,
12mo, pp. 80. The Abbey Press. $1.
FICTION
The Disciple. By Paul Bourget. 12mo, uncut, pp. 341.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Curious Career of Roderick Campbell. By Jean N.
Mellwraith. Illus., 12mo, pp. 287. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $1.50.
The Column. By Charles Marriott. mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 463. John Lane. $1.50.
Anne Mainwaring. By Alice Ridley. 12mo, pp. 333.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
When Blades Are Out and Love's Afield: A Comedy of
Cross-Purposes in the Carolinas. By Cyrus Townsend
Brady. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 305. J. B, Lippincott
Co. $1.50.
Street Dust, and Other Stories. By Ouida. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 248. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Graustark: The Story of a Love behind a Throne. By
George Barr MoCutcheon. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 459.
H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
King's End. By Alice Brown. 12mo, pp. 246. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
John Charity. By Horace Annesley Vachell. 12mo, pp. 356.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Sweetheart Manette. By Maurice Thompson. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 259. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.25.
The King of Honey Island. By Maurice Thompson. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 343. G. W. Dillingham Co.
$1.50.
A Cabinet Secret. By Guy Boothby. Illus., 12mo, pp. 329.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.


242
(April 1
THE DIAL
The Tapu of Banderah. By Louis Becke and Walter
Jeffery. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 315. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.50.
John Vytal: A Tale of the Lost Colony. By William Far-
quhar Payson. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 319. Harper
& Brothers. $1.20 net.
The Forest Schoolmaster. By Peter Rosegger; author-
ized translation by Frances E. Skinner. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 333. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Turn of the Road. By Eugenia Brooks Frothingham.
12mo, uncut, pp. 266. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
In spite of Foes; or, Ten Years' Trial. By Gen. Charles
King, U.S.V. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 331. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25.
The Heritage of Unrest. By Gwendolen Overton. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 329. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The Shadow of a Man. By E. W. Hornung. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 221. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.25.
The Sentimentalists. By Arthur Stanwood Pier. 12mo,
pp. 425. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
A Pillar of Salt. By Jeanette Lee. 16mo, pp. 255. Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
A Royal Exchange, By J. MacLaren Cobban. 12mo,
pp. 311. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
The Heart of the Dancer. By Percy White. 12mo, pp. 354.
R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
A Question of Silence. By Amanda M. Douglas. 12mo,
pp. 365. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Love and Honour. By M. E. Carr. 12mo, pp. 366. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Ralph Marlowe. By James Ball Naylor. 12mo, pp. 412.
Akron, Ohio: Saalfield Publishing Co. $1.50.
A Little Grey Sheep. By Mrs. Hugh Fraser. 12mo,
pp. 403. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
A Missing Hero. By Mrs. Alexander. 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 414. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
Three Men and a Woman: A Story of Life in New York.
By R. H. P. Miles. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 290. G. W. Dill-
ingham Co. $1.50.
Daunay's Tower. By Adeline Sergeant. 12mo, pp. 405.
F. M. Buckles & Co. $1.25.
Under the Berkeley Oaks: Stories by Students of the Uni-
versity of California. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 227.
San Francisco; A. M. Robertson. $1.
The King's Gold: A Story. By Mrs. Elizabeth Cheney.
12mo, pp. 440. Eaton & Mains. $1.25.
The Leaven of Love. By Beryl Goldie. With frontispiece,
12mo, pp. 383. George Routledge & Sons, Ltd. $1.25.
A Traitor in London. By Fergus Hume.' 12mo, pp. 355.
F.M. Buckles & Co. $1.25.
The Romance of a Trained Nurse. By Francina Scott.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 315. New York: Cooke & Fry.
The New Don Quixote. By Mary Pacheco. 12mo, pp. 241.
New York: The Abbey Press. $1.
Light through Darkened Windows: A "Shut-in" Story.
By Arabel Wilbur Alexander. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 176.
Jennings & Pye. $1.
Starboard Lights: Salt Water Tales. By A. B. Hawser,
Master. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 226. New York:
Quail & Warner. $1.
A Priest and a Woman, By Landis Ayr. 12mo, pp. 268.
New York: The Abbey Press. $1.
Scott Who Was Nine: A Tale of the Joyous Universe.
By Alden Charles Noble. 10mo, uncut, pp. 22. Chicago :
The Blue Sky Press. 75 cts.
Rodari, Sculptor: A Story of Pisa. By Virginia E. Pen-
poyer. With frontispiece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 43. San
Francisco : Elder & Shepard. Paper, 60 cts. net.
One American Girl. By Virginia Webb. 12mo, pp. 402.
G. W. Dillingham Co. Paper, 50 cts.
The Temper Cure. By Stanley Edwards Johnson. 12mo,
pp. 62. The Abbey Press. 50 cts.
The Forgotten Bell. By Rudolf Baumbach; trans. from
the German by Jane Hutchins White. 12mo, pp. 12.
Evanston, Ill.: William S. Lurd. Paper, 25 cts.
An American with Lord Roberts. By Julian Ralph.
12mo, pp. 314. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.50.
A New Way around an Old World. By Rev. Francis E.
Clark, D.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 213. Harper & Brothers.
$1.50.
Highways and Byways in East Anglia. By William A.
Dutt; illns. by Joseph Pennell. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 412. Macmillan Co. $2.
Ten Months a Captive among Filipinos: A Narrative of
Adventure and Observation during Imprisonment on the
Island of Luzon, P. I. By Albert Sonnichsen. With por-
trait, 8vo, pp. 388. Charles Scribner's Song. $1.50.
French Life in Town and Country. By Hannah Lynch.
Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 311. “Our European Neigh-
bours." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.20 net.
The Philippine Islands and their People. By Dean C.
Worcester. New and cheaper edition; illus., 8vo, pp. 529.
Macmillan Co. $2.50.
Mexico City: An Idler's Note-Book. By Olive Percival.
Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 208. H. S. Ston & Co.
$1.25.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Life and Literature of the Ancient Hebrews. By
Lyman Abbott. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 408. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $2.
Reconstruction in Theology. By Henry Churchill King.
12mo, uncut, pp. 257. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Religion in Literature and Religion in Life. By Stop-
ford A. Brooke, M.A. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 59.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. 60 cts.
The Messages of Jesus according to the Synoptists. By
Thomas Cuming, Hall, D.D. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 244.
“Messages of the Bible." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
A Short Introduction to the Literature of the Bible.
By Richard G. Moulton, M.A. 16mo, uncut, pp. 374.
D. C. Heath & Co. $1,
The Life Booklets. By Ralph Waldo Trine. Comprising:
Character-Building, Thought Power, Every Living Crea.
ture, and The Greatest Thing Ever Known. 16mo. T. Y.
Crowell & Co. Per set, $1.
The Light of the World. By Herbert D. Ward. With
frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 57. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $1.
To Nazareth or Tarsus? By the author of "Not on
Calvary. 12mo, pp. 217. New York: J. S. Ogilvie
Pub'g Co. $1.
The Church of Pentecost. By Bishop J. M. Thoburn.
Revised edition ; 12mo, pp. 392. Jennings & Pye. 50c, net.
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he seeks to enter into the consciousness of the
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No. 356. APRIL 16, 1901.
He feels that the ideals pursued by the finer
Vol. XXX.
spirits of the race are still the ideals to whose
pursuit his own early years were given, but the
CONTENTS.
books which serve these ideals as vehicles seem
somehow to elude his sympathies; his most
A DIFFICULTY OF SYMPATHY
penetrative scrutiny cannot find in them the
A DASH INTO ÆSTHETIC. Charles Leonard Moore 256 same sustenance that was provided by the
books read in his own youth, his most insistent
COMMUNICATIONS
258
questioning cannot evoke from them the same
Misleading Library Statistics. Purd B. Wright.
* Library Privileges for Rural Districts." – A Final
response. The literature of ideas, and to a
Word. E, I, Antrim.
certain extent the literature of artistic form,
seems to such an observer to have undergone
THE BEGINNINGS OF A FAMOUS CAREER.
E. G. J.
260
a process of subtle deterioration, and the in-
tellectual influences of the vanished past seem
THE STORM AND STRESS IN THE BLACK to have been replaced by influences less potent
WORLD. W. E. Burghardt Du Bois
. 262 than those of old to touch to fine issues the
FACT AND FABLE IN PSYCHOLOGY. James
human spirit. He finds it almost impossible
Rowland Angell
264
to realize that the books which appeal most
strongly to the rising generation do in truth
CHAPTERS FROM ILLINOIS HISTORY. Edwin
embody a message essentially the same as that
E. Sparks
266
which came to him a generation before clothed
BUDDHISM, TRUE AND FALSE. George S. Good in far different modes of phrasing. The ex-
speed
267 | pression of the new writings has been so shaped
by the form and pressure of the new time that
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
268
Boone and Brown's Eastover Court House - Pier's
such a reader feels sadly old-fashioned in its
The Sentimentalists.- Mrs. Grand's Babs the Im presence, and shrinks from the contact to bury
possible. – Miss Glyn's The Visits of Elizabeth. -
himself once more in the writings upon which
Moore's The Conscience of Coralie. -Clouston's The
Duke. — Zangwill's The Mantle of Elijah. -Swift's
his own soul bas fed ever since the impression-
Nude Souls.
able time when it was first awakened by their
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
call. What he forgets is that the years that
270
A record of the private life of King Edward. - A
bring the philosophic mind bring also the crit.
sound and readable history of the French monarchy. ical habit, and that no one can make a really
- The beginnings of modern industry and commerce.
- A concise and simple book on music. - A study of
fair comparison between the books that were
choral music and composers. — A judicious manual
read at twenty and those that are read at forty
of the French revolution. - Vivacious sketches of or fifty.
> country and city life in France. — A collection of
There are few of us, however, who are suf.
epitaphs, grave and gay.
ficiently broad-minded to recognize, to the ex-
BRIEFER MENTION.
tent of all its implications, the fact that every
generation is bound to receive its most effective
NOTES
273
and vital guidance from the leaders of its own
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
274 ranks. Some few books there are, of course,
.
.
*
273


256
[April 16,
THE DIAL
that never grow old — the bibles, the philoso- nature remains the same, and truth, beauty,
phies, and the great poems. But books of the and goodness remain the same, if we only con-
secondary order lose their influence after a few trive to view them sub specie æternitatis. The
years, because all such books are derivative in new order of thought is nothing more than a
character, and cannot share in the immortality new way of stating old truth, and with every
of creative work. This is the truth which we new form of statement, there comes a better
fail to grasp when we find the younger men illumination ; we see more clearly into the dark
growing up about us taking scant heed of the
corners, and we catch the gleam of facets which
masters of our own youth, and serving what we did not before suspect to exist. The mind
are apt to seem to us false gods. We find that has stiffened into particular modes of ex-
ourselves out of touch with the strange new pression misses much that is suggestive and
prophets who are gaining so great a following inspiring in the restless movement of contem-
Their soothsayings perplex and bewilder us, porary thought. There is no possession more
for they put things in unaccustomed ways, and desirable than the plasticity of mind that can
we think that the ways long familiar to our adapt itself to new forms, and take fresh im-
own thought are the clearest, and should suffice pressions year after year. The retention of
those who come after us. It is the old wine, this susceptibility is chiefly a matter of the
no doubt, but the bottles have been renewed, will, and the man who succeeds in retaining it
and the taste seems different.
is much more to be envied than the man who
: What we have just been saying is illustrated allows his sympathies to become atrophied,
by Count Tolstoy's recent response to the re withdrawing himself from the present into the
quest that he send a message to the American past, and cutting himself off from participation
people. “ If I had to address the American in the spiritual progress of the race.
people, I should like to thank them for the
great help I have received from their writers
who flourished about the fifties. I would men-
A DASH INTO ÆSTHETIC.
tion Garrison, Parker, Emerson, Ballou, and
Thoreau, not as the greatest, but as those who, To meddle with theories of art is a good deal
I think, specially influenced me. Other names like making an excursion into the Arctic regions
are Channing, Whittier, Lowell, Walt Whit with a purpose of reaching the ultimate North. We
man - a bright constellation, such as is rarely
must carry our provisions with us and expect a
to be found in the literatures of the world. scarcity of human society. But the mystery entices
And I should like to ask the American people
and the desire to completely account for things
urges on explorers in both cases. To change the
why they do not pay more attention to these
figure, the problems of wsthetic bear the same rela-
voices, and continue the good work in which tion to artistic products as do the mathematical
they made such hopeful progress."
How far solutions of strategetics to actual warfare. Wars
away from us this voice seems, in time as well may be waged, and poems and pictures made with-
as in space.
Two or three of these names still out conscious use of such underlying principles.
mean something in vital power to the younger
But they are there and they determine the results.
generation, but the others have become merely In the modern world, at least, artists have usually
historical. What young man would now think
known what they were doing, and why. Goethe
indeed said that he had never thought about think-
of turning to Ballou or Channing or Parker
ing, but there are many volumes of his art specula-
for help in shaping his ideals of thought and
tions to contradict him.
conduct? But the sender of this message is
The great problem of westhetic is this: What is
himself a powerful factor in the new idealism, the relation of art to existence? Is it an imitation ?
and the thought of the older men to whom he Is it an interpretation? Is it something added? Is
acknowledges grateful indebtedness has again it a carryall of utility and morals? Is it the univer-
become a living force in his burning appeal to
sal filtered through the human mind? Is it the
our better instincts.
particulars of experience arranging themselves into
There seems to be no help for it. “The old
a new order of life? On our answers to such ques-
order changeth, giving place to new,” not only
tions depend our judgment of individual works of
art.
in our material and social environment, but in
The two great philosophers of Greece gave a
our spiritual existence as well. Yet in the
curiously different account of the origin and value
latter sphere as in the former the change is in
of art. To Plato, himself a poet, artist, and creator
the accidental, not the essential order. The
of vital figures, art, or at least poetry, was a delud-
physical world remains the same, and human ling lamp to men's eyes and a snare to their feet!


1901.]
257
THE DIAL
-
It was inferior to shoemaking! It was a poor copy mainly from a moralistic standpoint. We moderns
of the world which was itself only a paltry shadow have tried to change all that. We have looked
of the Divine Ideas. Like Omar he would have through the rose-colored spectacles of beauty and
burned all books, because if they resembled life the reversed opera glass of intellectual indifference,
they were unnecessary, and if they did not they but after all the thing we are regarding will not
were false. To Aristotle, on the other hand, crabbed budge or alter. Art does deal overwhelmingly with
logician, natural philosopher, Baconian before moral ideas, deals with them as life itself deals with
Bacon as he was, art was the concentrated image them -- for or against. Roughly speaking the gen-
of the best of real existence. He thought it could erations of the sons of men can be divided into
react in a moralistic way on man, and purify and generations of acquiescence and generations of re-
exalt him. Hence he considered it about the higbest volt. When authority is paramount, when the
and most important human concern.
great issues of thought seem settled, when every-
The word esthetic is only of late application to body is content with that station in life in which it
the theory of the fine arts, and it is defined as the pleased God he should be born, then we get a lit-
philosophy of tbe beautiful. As the Greek word erature like that of Cowper and Jane Austen.
from which it comes primarily means feeling or When the great deep of humanity is broken up
sensation, the narrowing of the derived term to sig- and the whirlwind is abroad, we get an art like
nify matters of beauty is rather singular, more that of Byron. We have late instances of these
especially as it was first so used during the romantic arts of peace and war. For half a century Tenny-
outburst of the last century. Certainly other things son charmed the world with his serene or but
than the beautiful can give us feelings and sensa slightly troubled verse. He gave us what has been
tions even pleasurable ones. The ideal of Greek called the clerical idyll; he announced the bands
art may have been the regular, the harmonious, the of quasi-science and the Established Church. He
perfect; but even in Greek art what a wide range was the Defender of Conservatism. • Proputty,
of creations, gorgons hydras and chimæras dire, proputty, proputty, that's what I 'ears him say."
fell outside the limits of this ideal. Unless we can But discontent was stirring at his mild moralities
accept such conceptions as the perfection of horror, and domestic virtues. And this discontent has
the delightfulness of the ugly, and the fascination drawn to a head in the prodigious vogue of Fitz-
of evil, we cannot even explain Greek art. And gerald's Omar. A good many people have won-
Gothic or Romantic art may be said to wreak itself dered at this vogue. Mere literary beauty does
on the outré, the extravagant, the impossible, and not explain it. Literary beauty never did explain
the humanly imperfect. Modern or realistic art, any widespread popularity. Gray was half right
rebelling from the abstract perfection of the Greek when he said that the Elegy would have been just as
and the abstract imperfection of the Medieval popular if written in prose. But the Persian poem
Schools, has striven to be simply true. But truth has matter in it. It is an expression of revolt. Not
without bias or selection is in art an impossibility of violent revolt like that of Byron's, but deep and
and so what modern art has really done is to hopeless. It is the doctrine of God damn. The ship
copy life in lower relief than it has itself. The of the world is sinking, so let's get at the liquor
commonplace good has become the insipid and the room! It has seized upon and temporarily satisfied
commonplace evil has become the base. Both are the needs of thinking minds. I do not wish to say
wanting in the greatness with which the older that literary expression always follows or precedes
schools of art endow them. But what I wish to a general mood of thought. That is Taine's rather
remark is that beauty is not really the aim of any cast-iron theory. No! Solitary, voices for good or
of these art methods. What the first two strive for evil are always crying aloud in the world. But the
is the characteristic, the significant, the effective. measure of their acceptance is the mark of the tides
What the last thinks it is striving for is truth. As of thought. The supreme artists, indeed, sum up
men are constituted I believe that their emotions both sides, and usually find some way of recon-
and intellect tend to stagnate and stiffen, and that ciliation.
art is the most powerful agency to shock or startle I have gone over two parts of the content of art
them into motion, and make them realize the full - images and morality. There is, I think, a third-
ness and vividness of existence. Things of beauty intellectual intuition. Or, in other words, art re-
administer these shocks in rhythmical and harmoni lates itself to concrete nature, or action, to the moral
ous order, and so they charm. Things of power | life, or character, and to the pure
intellect. These
give them with sudden impetus and uncertain three divisions correspond to the old names for the
breaks, and so they fascinate. The great artists of poet. He has been called the Maker, the Priest,
the world wield both kinds of electricity. Æschylus
and the Seer. In its highest reaches art is nothing
is as romantic as Shakespeare and Shakespeare as less than revelation. The poet has gone up into
classic as Æschylus. But the artist who deals in the mountain and seen God. To speak in terms of
the commonplace and the inanely true does not philosophy, he has pierced beyond the phenomena
yield us any shock at all, for his art is the essence of existence to the noumena to the thing in itself.
of the stagnation in which we mainly dwell. And hence he sheds on mere phenomena a splendor
As I have said, Plato “and Aristotle view art and a radiance which is not their own.


258
(April 16,
THE DIAL
final pages.
So far for the subject matter of art. Now for isms, and made it as prettily insipid as a wool lamb.
its presentation. What is artistic perfection ? This Fortunately we have in Shakespeare the ultimate
is a somewhat analogous question to that of finish power in the art of unity in contrast. He gives us
in painting, about which Raskin has written some just enough of commonness and coarseness to be a
But a great many people who are foil to his nobleness and perfection. What poems
willing to admit that the proper finish for a picture in the world are so bathed and fused in a single
is the amount adequate to express the artist's pur atmosphere as The Tempest or Twelfth Night,
pose, hesitate to carry the same principle into the Romeo and Juliet or Macbeth.
consideration of literature. They expect an epic to And this brings me to my conclusion. I have
have the faultlessness of a sonnet and a drama to questioned, tentatively indeed, the theory that would
be always on its best bebavior and avoid low ways. limit art to the beautiful. And indeed, its most
The good Homer must never nod. Byron very powerful elements are such as, taken separately,
sensibly said that there was no long poem in ex horrify and terrorize and confuse. But in good art
istence the half of which was good. Of course he they never are taken separately. The artist leagues
meant supremely good. Perfection itself is a matter together his beauty and his ugliness, his shadows
of relativety and contrast. Where all is perfect and his lights, his melodies and his discords, and
nothing is known to be so. Mr. Palgrave remarks gives us a whole which is calm in all its agitation.
in one of his journals: “How unequally à vrai In it pain has become painless, evil innocuous, death
dire is Hamlet written.” That is the judgment of immortal, and the transitory figures of joy and
a lyric technician. And John Bright is said to beauty are fixed in faultless form and unfading color.
have revolted at the changes of style in Shake-
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
speare — the alternation of high and low, the ad-
mission of the humorous and the vulgar, - and to
have considered Milton the greater poet because of
the unvarying level of his work. Milton's dignity
comes largely from his subject, and when he has
COMMUNICATIONS.
to deal with familiar facts in polysyllables there is
in him at least a suspicion of that pomposity of
MISLEADING LIBRARY STATISTICS.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
which Wordsworth was to be the awful example –
While library workers are gratified at the increased
“ And at the Hoop alighted, famous inn.” Homer
attention given library work and use, by students, critics,
certainly varies his manner. He does not attempt and writers, believing that, as a result of any public
to give to Ajax and Diomede dining off of huge agitation, additional knowledge of these institutions
shins of beef the same splendor that he casts upon will bring increased opportunities for good, they cannot
Apollo striding through the sky with the arrows but object to the plan which seems to be so generally
rattling in the quiver on his back, or upon Achilles adopted, of measuring the work accomplished by the
raising the grief-stricken Priam from the ground. percentage of the different classes of books issued for
And Dante, too, relaxes the tight-strung bow of
home use. Writers in recent publications take the
language, again and again. In the Inferno there “ home use statistics” of a number of prominent libra-
· ries, and because they find, from the circulation tables,
is vulgarity, coarseness, bestiality. And in the
Paradiso he is so intent upon his argument that he
that an average of three-fourths of the volumes so
issued are classed under the heading of fiction, argue
forgets to write poetry at all. The most pervad-
that it is questionable whether the public library is
ingly elegant and in the ordinary sense poetic part really a good thing for a community:
of his poem is the middle section. Here he does It is unfortunate, perhaps, that library reports do
not have to deal with the powers of darkness or the not give the exact "quality" of fiction circulated; that
domain of the brute, nor does he soar into regions they do not say whether the library is closely classified
where ecstasy is tuned to utterance beyond human
or not; whether a great many or a few titles are placed
recognition - and so he can be equable and pure
in fiction which properly belong in other classes;
and perfect. But he is greatest elsewhere. Neces.
whether juvenile fiction is placed under fiction pure and
simple, or is reported under the general heading “ju-
sarily it is in the drama that the contest between
venile books"; for without this information, and a few
the varied content of reality and an even ideal
other things which will be here referred to, no one can
presentation is the sharpest. The old French tragic accurately judge of the work being done by any given
poets cut the question short by deciding that life library.
must conform to art, that Queens, confidants, heroes, The main point, however, is the injustice done the
and servants must all talk in the same elegant and library by the attempt to measure its value to a com-
elevated strain, and passion and desolation and munity solely by the books issued for bome reading.
death wear the chains of an equal etiquette. Goethe
A visit to any library of considerable size will reveal
in his later years came to adhere to this method
the fact that most of the real work is done in the library
under the persuasion that he was following the
rooms; that for every book other than fiction taken
home, from eight to fifteen will be used in the building;
Greeks. The poet who gave us Auerbach's cellar
and that in certain seasons, and especially in educational
and the domestic scenes in Egmont tried to turn
centres, this proportion will be largely increased. This
Romeo and Juliet into a perfect piece on this model. is true especially of the library small in comparison
He smoothed out all the vulgarities and colloquial- | with the population of the city in which it is located


1901.)
259
THE DIAL
and with limited means - this latter a condition all but county library. Granting, however, that it is a county
chronic west of the Allegheny mountains. A large library, let me briefly consider the act that created it a
proportion of this use of books in the library is com county library as well as the act that created the Brum-
pulsory (if they are to be used at all), for various rea back Library of Van Wert County a county library.
sons, chief among which is the inability of the library
Library Bill of the Cincin Library Bill of the Brum-
to supply a sufficient number of copies of a given book nati Library. House Bill No. back Library of Van Wert
or to provide enough other works upon the same sub 753. In the House : April 1, County. Senate Bill No. 435.
ject to meet a large but temporary demand. For in 1898, Introduced ; April 15, In the Senate: March 25,
stance, a study club with an extensive membersbip, or
1898, passed. In the Senate : 1898, Introduced ; April 14,
a high school or college class, is given a subject to look
April 15, 1898, Introduced ; 1898, Passed. In the House :
up, with references to comparatively few volumes. The
April 21, 1898, Passed. April 15, 1898, Introduced ;
April 26, 1898, Passed.
library could increase the home circulation" of books
other than fiction by issuing these few volumes to the
We thus see that the bill of the Brumback Library
first comers of either the club or the class, wbile the
of Van Wert County was introduced first, and passed
other, for various reasons, later applicants at the library
the senate before the bill of the Cincinnati Library
would be deprived of the use of any of them. The
passed either the senate or the house. In this connection
rule in most of these libraries, in these emergencies, is
I should like to add that the bill of the Brumback
to reserve these volumes for use in the library, on the
Library was published in four or five of Ohio's leading
basis of the greatest good for the greatest number.”
papers nearly two months before the bill of the Cincin-
With a number of such clubs and classes, one may
nati Library was introduced in the Ohio legislature.
readily see how a library could change its circulation
See, for example, “The Commercial Tribune” of Cin-
statistics if it would. Again, these libraries, unable to
cinnati, for Feb. 13, 1898.
purchase more than one copy of valuable works or one
I have given a brief history of the two bills. Let
set of periodicals, place them in the reference room for
me next say a word regarding their contents. Again
use in the library exclusively, where no record is kept
I will place my facts side by side.
of their use, these rooms and shelves usually being open
Bill of the Cincinnati Li Bill of the Brumback Li-
to the public. Here at times they bave a wonderfully
brary. (1) Called a special brary of Van Wert County.
extensive use.
act, since it applies practic (1) Called a general act, since
Thus, a library of 25,000 volumes in a city of 100,000
ally only to the Cincinnati it applies to all Ohio's coun-
Library. (2) Tax is levied ties. (2) Tax levied on the
inbabitants may be doing a large amount of commend-
on the county, not by county county by county officials
able work, of lasting value to a community, while its officials, but by trustees of (commissioners). (3) Phrase
published statistics may show a “home use
» of more
the library. (3) Phrase "county library” does ap-
than 80 per cent fiction. Another library of 75,000 “county library" does not pear in the bill.
volumes in a similar city may not be doing any better
appear in the bill.
work, yet its home circulation may be but 60 per cent From the preceding facts we see that, strictly speak-
fiction, or less.
ing, the Cincinnati act does not create a county library.
Figures are often more than misleading, but in noth It simply extends the privileges of the Cincinnati Li-
ing else so much as in so-called “ library statistics.” brary to Hamilton County. The fact is, the Cincinnati
PURD B. WRIGAT, Library is more like the libraries in several of our
Librarian Free Public Library. larger cities, which have elaborate systems of branch
St. Joseph, Mo., April 2, 1901.
libraries, than a county library in a county with a rural
population, since the corporate limits of Cincinnati are
almost coëxtensive with the lines of Hamilton County.
"LIBRARY PRIVILEGES FOR RURAL DISTRICTS.” What Mr. Porter says regarding the Cincinnati Li-
-A FINAL WORD.
brary having been put into operation first is all true.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The Brumback Library had to be built after the passage
In your issue of March 16, there appeared from the
of its act. The Cincinnati Library was already built.
pen of Mr. A. L. Day a short letter which gave me
The only claim made by the Brumback Library of Van
three addresses I might write to and gain further in-
Wert County is that it was the first to inaugurate the
formation on the subject of county libraries. In your
county library movement.
E. I. ANTRIM.
issue of April 1, Mr. W. T. Porter has a letter advanc Van Wert, Ohio, April 3, 1901.
ing the claim of the Cincinnati Library to priority in
the matter of inaugurating the county library move-
ment. Since reading these two letters, and collecting The first publication of the Bibliographical Society
all available data, I still remain by my statement in of Chicago is a chronological list of “ Bibliographies of
my letter in THE DIAL of January 16 that the Brum Bibliographies,” edited by Mr. Aksel G. S. Josephson.
back Library of Van Wert County, Ohio, is America's The number of titles included is 156, and the list fills
first real county library.
a neatly printed pamphlet of about forty pages. The
The Norris Jewett Library, to which Mr. Day re title of this work is to be taken literally, for each entry
ferred in his letter, is far from being a county library. deals, not with the bibliography of a subject, but with
The latest catalogue, which lies before me, makes the the bibliographies of that subject. It requires some
simple statement that the Norris Jewett Library is a effort to grasp this idea, but less than the effort that
library whose privileges are extended to all the resi will be required, at some future time, to grasp the idea
dents of Grundy County, Mo. No law makes it a of a “ Bibliography of Bibliographies of Bibliographies”
county library, no county tax supports it, and no sys with the work now before us as the pioneer production
tem of branch libraries has been put into operation by it. of its class. The earliest date of the present entries is
It will take a little more space to show that the Cin 1654, but only eight of the whole number antedate the
cinnati Library is likewise, strictly speaking, hardly a nineteenth century.


260
(April 16,
THE DIAL
The
New
Books.
Funkbänel, sound classical scholars all, and
men of more than national reputation. Clas-
sical studies were naturally given the prece-
THE BEGINNINGS OF A FAMOUS CAREER.* dence at the Nicolai-Schule, all else, modern
Professor Max Müller's autobiography is a
languages, mathematics, physics, etc., having
fragment that takes us little beyond the thresh comparatively a poor chance of it. While the
old of his career, namely, into the early days author, as he says, “ liked his classics,” and
at Oxford, and not out of the period during
went as in duty bound into the stock raptures
which Sanskrit was his sole pursuit. But it is
“ about Homer and Sophocles, about Horace
an important fragment biographically, since it
and Cicero,” he was nevertheless haunted by
deals with a portion of the writer's life rela the suspicion that there was a tinge of cant in
tively little known, and shows how and why the praises lavished by the masters on the old
the current of his career and work first took
authors at the expense of the new.
the direction it did.
“The exaggeration in the panegyrics passed on
Friedrich Max Müller was born on Dec. 6, everything Greek or Latin dates from the classical
scholars of the Middle Ages, who knew nothing that
1823, in the ducal town of Dessau in Central
could be compared to the classics, and who were loud
Germany. His father, Wilhelm Müller, libra in praising what they possessed the monopoly of selling.
rian at Dessau, was one of the most popular Successive generations of scholars followed suit, so that
poets of Germany - hardly one of the greatest,
even in our time it seemed high treason to compare
Goethe with Horace, or Schiller with Sophocles.”
perhaps, though Heine ranked his lyrics second
In 1841 the author left the Nicolai-Schule,
only to Goethe's, and we find that in the critical
anthology of Echtermeyer sixteen pieces of his
and soon after passed his examination for ad-
are given, which is a large quota relatively.
mission to Leipzig University. He had deter-
At the age of thirty-three Wilhelm Müller
mined to study philology, chiefly Greek and
died, leaving but scanty provision for his widow,
Latin ; but, delighted as he was with such
“fabulously” so, his son says, when one con-
guides and teachers as Professors Hermann and
siders that she had to bring up two children Haupt, he found little in the chiefly critical
on it. But even aside from the stress of the res
work assigned him to rouse his enthusiasm.
angusta domi, life seems to have been rather Everything, he felt, had already been done,
a sad affair for the fatherless little ones at the
and there was no virgin soil left on which to
Müller home. For years it was a house of try one's own spade. So, dissatisfied with what
mourning, the widow nursing her grief with a
seemed a mere chewing of the cud in Greek
pious if inconsiderate constancy that cast a pall
and Latin, he betook himself to systematic
over the lives of her children. Müller says : philosophy, joining the philosophical societies
of Weisse, Drobisch, and Lotze. For a time
“ All I remember of my mother at that time was
that she took her two children day after day to the
he dreamed of becoming a philosopher, and it
beautiful Gottesacker (God's Acre), where she stood was while indulging in this dream that he began
for hours at our father's grave, and sobbed and cried. to feel that he must know something special,
It was a beautiful and restful place, covered with old
acacia trees. The inscription over the gateway was one
something that no other philosopher knew;
of my earliest puzzles: Tod ist nicht Tod, ist nur Ver-
and thus his thoughts gradually turned to
edlung menschlicher Natur (Death is not death, 'tis but Sanskrit as to a key to the possible infinite
the ennobling of man's nature). ... When my mother riches of systems yet little known to the think-
said she wished to die, and to be with our father, I feel ers of the West. He had read the explanatory
sure that my sister and I were only anxious that she
should take us with her, for there were few golden
and somewhat fanciful books on the speech
chains that bound us as yet to this life.”
and philosophy of India by Schlegel and Win-
Passing by the author's pleasant chapter on
dischmann, and these, he says, “had left on
Dessau life and manners, over which the re-
me, as they did on many, that feeling which
viewer is tempted to linger, we find that at
the digger who prospects for minerals is said
twelve he was sent to the famous Nicolai Schule
to have, that there must be gold beneath the
at Leipzig. The school was then under Dr. surface, if people would only dig.” The needed
Nobbe (known in England through his edition impulse to the latent inclination came with the
of Cicero), and it had an excellent staff of founding at Leipzig of the new professorship
masters, among them Palm, Forbiger, and
of Sanskrit, which was given to Professor
Brockhaus. Max Müller then determined to
*MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY: A FRAGMENT. By the Rt. Hon.
Professor F. Max Müller, K.M. With portraits. New York:
see what there was to be learnt in Sanskrit,
Charles Scribner's Sons.
and to gratify, he admits, his desire to study


1901.)
261
THE DIAL
something which his friends and fellow-students Ordinary copying is dreary work, but copying
did not know. Calling upon Brockhaus he Sanskrit for hours at a stretch from manu-
found that there were then but two students script, was deadly. Mistakes were inevitable
besides himself who cared to attend the new under the usual process of transcribing, so a
lectures, for the prejudice against Sanskrit was new one had to be invented.
still strong among classical scholars, although
“ This new process,” says the author, “I discovered
among those who stood up for it were men like by using transparent paper, and thus tracing every let-
von Humboldt and the two von Schlegels. The
ter. I had some excellent papier végétal made for me,
author confesses that the champions of the new
and, instead of copying, traced the whole Sanskrit MS."
learning gave vent in their first enthusiasm to As the work progressed the question of a
many exaggerated opinions.
publisher tended to become the engrossing one.
“ Sanskrit was represented as the mother of all lan An effort by Humboldt to secure the aid of
guages, instead of being the elder sister of the Aryan the King of Prussia in the enterprise came to
family. The beginning of all language, of all thought, nought, as did a rather vague and imprac-
of all religion, was traced back to India, and when
Greek scholars were told that Zeus existed in the Veda
ticable offer from St. Petersburg, which Bur-
under the name of Dyaus there was a great flutter in the od
nouf advised the author not to accept. The
dovecotes of classical scholarship. Many of these en solution of the problem was brought about in
thusiastic utterances had afterwards to be toned down.”
a rather fortuitous way during a visit of Müller
The author's zeal for his new studies met to England. He had long felt the necessity
with small encouragement at Leipzig, and he of making a trip to London in order to copy
had to be chary of his supposed Sanskritist and collate some MSS. which were in the Li-
heresies in the seminary of Gottfried Her-brary of the East India Company, but had
mann, or in the Latin society of Haupt — in lacked funds for the journey. In June, 1846,
the latter particularly, for Hermann saw there he was enabled to start, and on arriving at
was a new light and refused to obstruct it. In London he at once began work in the Com-
him learning begot a liberality that is not pany's library in Leadenhall Street. He had
always its offspring. Hermann saw that the been employed there for nearly a month when
verbal coincidences between Greek and Sans- it occurred to him that he ought to call upon
krit could not be casual, and made generous the Prussian Minister, Baron Bunsen. The
concessions to the new learning. He did not visit proved the turning point of his life. He
discourage Müller (as his colleagues probably found in the Baron a friend, a social sponsor,
did) when he determined in his third year at and, what was practically most important, a
Leipzig to go to Berlin to hear Bopp. fellow-Sanskritist who as a young man had
After some nine months at Berlin the author proposed to himself as the work of his life the
went to Paris, and his stay there, from March, very task upon which he, Müller, was engaged,
1845, to June, 1846, proved a useful inter- namely, the editio princeps of the Rig-veda.
mezzo as well as a main factor in determining Drifting into diplomacy, the Baron had given
bis future career. His object in going to Paris up his early design ; but he at once warmly
was of course largely to hear Burnouf, then entered into Müller's project, and his interest
lecturing to a select class at the Collège de happily took a practical turn. He saw that
France on Indian philosophy and religion. the East India Company was the proper body
Burnouf, a charming man and a fine specimen to publish the work. It was of course no easy
of the real French savant, encouraged the task to get the Board of Directors — all keen
young German scholar in every way, lent him and practical men of business — to authorize
bis own Vedic MSS. to copy (when the great the printing, at great expense, in six volumes
edition of the Rig-veda was, at Burnouf's in- quarto of a thousand pages each, of an old
stance, really begun), guided him to the MSS. book that none of them could understand, and
at the Bibliothèque Royale, and, what was then many
of them had never even heard of. But
of no small moment, cheered his drooping Bunsen's name was a power in England, and
spirits at times when the patent difficulty of his efforts were ably seconded by Professor
finding a publisher for his huge and commer Wilson, the Librarian of the Company; so
cially unpromising forthcoming work loomed that it was at last settled that the East India
large and disheartening. "The commentary Company was to bear the cost of the printing
must be published, depend upon it, and it will of the Veda, and to defray the editor's expenses
be," said the cheery Frenchman, and so the while the work was preparing for the press.
drudgery of copying and collating went on. The financial difficulty thus settled, the rest


262
(April 16,
THE DIAL
was comparatively plain sailing for Müller. 6 make revolutions with rose-water"; and so
It was decided that the Rig-veda should be Mr. Arnold's faith in the saving efficacy of
printed at Oxford, and thither the editor con culture may well have seemed to sterner spirits,
cluded to migrate. His first visit there had as he admitted, “a religion proposing parma-
filled him with enthusiasm for the beautiful ceti, or some scented salve or other, as a cure
old town, where, as he says, even the under for human miseries.”
graduates, dressed in their mediæval academic The editor of the Autobiography, Mr. W.G.
costume, looked to me very grand, and so dif Max Müller, has acquitted himself well in the
ferent from the German students at Leipzig plainly difficult task of putting in shape the
or still more at Jena, walking about the streets fragments and jottings at his disposal. Much
in pink cotton trousers and dressing-gowns." of the matter was written or dictated during
It is pleasant to note that Müller was deeply the last weeks of the author's life, his desire
impressed with the “real friendliness" shown being to leave as much as possible ready for
him, an unknown German scholar, at Oxford ; publication. That the end came so soon no
but the idea of settling permanently at that reader of this cheery record of the morning of
“ academic paradise” did not for some time a changeful and bustling, if studious, life will
occur to him.
fail to regret.
E. G. J.
“I was there to print my Rig-veda and work at the
Bodleian; that I should in a few years be an M.A. of
Christ Church, a Fellow of the most exclusive of col-
leges, nay, a married Fellow -
- a being not even in THE STORM AND STRESS IN THE BLACK
vented then - and a professor of the University, never
WORLD.*
entered into my wildest dreams.”
From the dark world beyond the Color-line
Reminiscences, in the vein of the author's
come usually only faint murmurs to the world
pleasant volumes on “ Auld Lang Syne," of
“ Auld Lang Syne,” of without — so faint that some deny altogether
Oxford and Oxonians in early days, form the to this world, word and thought. But now
staple of the two closing chapters of the Auto and then there comes a wild discordant note,
biography. Among the early friends at Ox-
which sets men wondering not so much at the
ford of whom mention is made is Matthew words said as at the pitch and passion of the cry.
Arnold. Says the author:
So it is with Mr. Hannibal Thomas's “The
“ It strikes one that while he was at Oxford, few American Negro." The voice of a Negro
people only detected in Arnold the poet or the man
of remarkable genius. ... Then suddenly came the talking of Negroes has not yet ceased sounding
time when he returned to Oxford as the poet, as the
unusual to our ears. The actual content of his
professor of poetry, nay, afterwards as the philosopher message is of no great intrinsic importance ;
also, placed high by public opinion among the living there is some history of the encyclopædic order,
worthies of England. What was sometimes against
many general observations showing thought
him was his want of seriousness. A laugh from his
hearers or readers seemed to be more valued by him
and reading, and passing evidence of eccentric
than their serious opposition, or their convinced assent.
originality and no little ability. But all this is of
He trusted, like others, to persiflage, and the result was transient interest compared with the tone of the
that when he tried to be serious, people could not for book: its cynical pessimism, virulent criticisms,
get that he might at any time turn round and smile, vulgar plainness, and repeated and glaring self-
and decline to be taken au grand serieux."
contradictions. The reader instinctively feels
The view of Matthew Arnold as an incurable
that the book means more than it says.
persifleur seems to us a rather novel and not
And so it does. Mr. Thomas's book is a
wholly sound one. To banter, indeed, he was
sinister symptom a growth and development
sometimes given ; and everyone knows how under American conditions of life which illus-
effectively he used to rally that peculiarly im.
trates peculiarly the anomalous position of
pervious and self-satisfied class of his country-
black men, and tbe terrific stress under which
men devoted, he thought, mainly to chapels, they struggle. And the struggle and fight of
business, tea-meetings, comfort, and the phil. buman beings against hard conditions of life
osophy of Sir Daniel Gooch. But if it be true, always tends to develope the criminal or the
as we suppose it is in a measure, that people hypocrite, the cynic or the radical. Where-
declined to take Matthew Arnold quite seri.
ever among a hard-pressed people these types
ously, was it not rather because the social
begin to appear, it is the visible sign of a bur-
remedies he preached seemed to them ludi-
* THE AMERICAN NEGRO, What he Was, What he Is, and
crously disproportionate to the ills he proposed
What he May Become. A Critical and Practical Discussion.
to cure ? “One does not,” says Danton, By William Hannibal Thomas. New York: Macmillan Co.
-


1901.]
268
THE DIAL
den that is threatening to overtax their strength, cisms on the whites were toned down, and then
and the foreshadowing of the age of revolt. with a sort of cool ferocity, without pity or re-
The American Negro is still as a race too straint, there was added a denunciation of the
hopeful of his future, and able to point out too Negro in America unparalleled in vindictive-
many undeniable evidences of progress, to ness and exaggeration. The result is natur
harbor as yet any well defined thoughts of ally a contradictory book, for alongside the
spiritual or physical revolt.
And yet among
new anathemas lie the old schemes for ameli.
the incompetent, the impatient, and the dis oration and grounds for hope. Many passages
appointed — among those black men who al illustrate this, but perhaps two will suffice:
ready in the severe struggle for existence have THOMAS IN 1890:
THOMAS IN 1901 :
fallen by the wayside, the sinister types that “I venture the opinion that “In fact I doubt if any
of those who descant so glibly white person lives who has
war with society are beginning to appear: the
on Negro inferiority, not one an adequate comprehension
ignorant contemner of law and order, and the has an accurate knowledge of of Negro characteristics, not-
sly deceiver; and the better trained man who
facts on the social side of his withstanding the many who
life. ... I take it upon my.
descant so glibly on the pres-
has lost faith either in the coming of the Good
self, therefore, to say that a ent and future of the freed
or in the Good itself.
considerate investigation people" (p. xix.).
Mr. Thomas is peculiarly the type of the
through personal contact will “Soberly speaking, Negro
disclose as much of the sa nature is so craven and sen-
Negro cynic. He may speak of virtue, and credness of living, as scrupu suous in every fibre of its
interlard a few general phrases of goodness
lous regard for truth and being that a Negro manhood
virginal honor, as keen an with decent respect for chaste
and hope, but they are lost in his general des-
appreciation, and as much of womanhood does not exist”
pair, they have a hollow, unreal sound beside the practice of Christian in (p. 180).
the rest of his words. At bottom his book is
tegrity, with as intimate a
“Fully 90 per cent. of the
familiarity with the best lit-
Negro women of America
without faith or ideal. He is one of those
erature and the highest forms
[are) lascivious by instinct,
embodied disappointments of Reconstruction of civilization, whenever op and in bondage to physical
times; one who went South to show the World
portunity permits, as charac-
pleasure. .. The social
terizes the more pretentious degradation of our freed
and the Negro how to do everything in a day, white race" (pp. 7, 8). women is without a parallel in
and succeeded only in shattering his ideals,
modern civilization " (p. 195).
“Therefore it may be
and becoming embittered and dissatisfied with
frankly and fearlessly said "... We may take the
men. Wandering from place to place and that the Negro when honestly word virtue, whose exact sig-
from occupation to occupation, he finally set-
measured through the amen nificance no Negro compre-
ities of social contact, either hends — who fails therefore
tled in Boston, where in 1890 he published a
in the industrial department to engraft its import into the
pamphlet * which' now, re-written, appears as or intellectual field, dispels fibre of his being. . . . The
“ The American Negro.” This pamphlet fell
much of the false knowledge same is true of the words
with which an unreasoning like truth, honor, and integ-
unnoticed from the press, and the inner striv-
prejudice has invested him. rity. These are meaningless
ings of the Negro people soon lost him what Studied in the light of expressions, and because the
influence he had
them.
possessed among
his past, I think it will be Negro cannot connect words
found that he has no greater with ideas and ideas with
The new spiritual longings of the Negro, virtues nor grosser vices than realities, he lies with avidious
and the outreaching for real progress, has de-
are common to other races of readiness without undergoing
mankind, and like them in the slightest remorse, and
veloped in the last decade a higher type of manhood true and good, in often without any apparent
race leadership than formerly, and ousted telligent and upright" sense of provarication"
(pp. 8, 9).
(p. 118).
many of the demagogues and rascals. A new
race literature of promise has appeared, and a
It is, of course, conceivable that a man
race consciousness such as the modern world should utterly change his opinions in ten years;
has never before seen among black folk. These
but when opinions formed after twenty-five
results have been bitterly resented by many years of close contact with actual conditions
men, and it seems to be this resentment that are radically altered after ten years' absence
has caused Mr. Thomas's pamphlet of 1890 to from those conditions, the later testimony is
be re-written for the book of 1901. The certainly less valuable than the earlier. And
pamphlet was a defense of the Negro, with when, too, this conversion is marred by so evi-
severe criticisms on the whites, and laid down dent bitterness and recklessness, and when
the thesis that land owning and education —
one remembers that the writer himself is a
both industrial and higher - would solve the
would solve the Negro, born of a Negro mother, then his book
Negro problems. In the re-writing the criti can only be explained as a rare exhibition of
that contempt for themselves which some Ne-
* " Land and Education: A Critical and Practical Discus-
sion of the Mental and Physical Needs of the Freedmen."
groes still hold as a heritage of the past.
By William Hannibal Thomas. Boston, 1890.
Before such an attack as this, nine millions
*


264
(April 16,
THE DIAL
.
of human beings stand helpless. The swift books. It is, therefore, a matter of no small
defense which social groups have ever exer. importance to clear up the precise nature of
cised against the malignor is not theirs to the quarrel which science has with these move-
wield. They cannot edit the things said about ments, and to locate, if possible, the boundary
them as can other races and people. But it is line between knowledge and superstition, be-
possible for the most discredited of their race tween science and mysticism. Professor Jas-
to gain now and then by singular accident and trow's “ Fact and Fable in Psychology," which
the exigencies of the book market, respectful furnishes our text, is an admirable brief for
hearing and wide advertisement. One dis- the scientific side of this case.
couraging cause of this, is the more or less un. The general charge which science brings
conscious Wish for the Worst in regard to the against Occultism, is that of ignorant contempt
Negro, to satisfy the logic of his anomalous for the majesty of natural law. The cruder
situation. If the Negro will kindly go to the forms of Occultism, exemplified by some of the
devil and make baste about it, then the Amer- ebullitions of theosophists, are chiefly notable
ican conscience can justify three centuries of as evidences of colossal insensibility to fact.
shameful history; and hence the subdued en They have no more bearing on the real devel.
thusiasm which greets a sensational article or opment of intelligence than have the delusional
book that proves all Negroes worthless. theories of the insane. The real controversy
All men know that the American Negro is is with a much more masterful adversary.
ignorant and poor, with criminal and immoral There is a considerable
group of highly cul.
tendencies. And some of us know why. Never- tivated men, among them some conspicuous
theless the Negroes are not as ignorant as the scientists, for whom scientific orthodoxy is
Russians, nor as poor as the Irish, nor as crim- tested not more by assent to the finality of
inal as the English and French workingmen, such laws as science has already formulated,
nor sexually as incontinent as the Italiaus. If than by the maintenance of a catholic and
there is hope for Europe there is abundant open-minded attitude toward fresh knowledge,
hope for the Negro. And if there is hope, however revolutionary, in whose light the older
then in the name of decency let the American principles may be newly interpreted. These
people refuse to use their best agencies for men are the bitter enemies of intolerant dog-
publicity in distributing exaggerations and matism, whether it pose as science or as relig-
misrepresentations such as “The American
“ The American ion, and they insist that science is nowadays
Negro.” W. E. BURGHARDT Du Bois. guilty of intolerable bigotry in its refusal to
Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
countenance well-attested facts, simply because
they are seemingly irreconcilable with accepted
physical principles.
Clearly the outcome of this protestant reac-
FACT AND FABLE IN PSYCHOLOGY.*
tionary attitude of mind will depend altogether
The optimistic scientist is wont to regard on the sobriety with which it is employed.
Occultism as a kind of feeble intellectual para Such a position may lead simply to an enlarge-
site, unfit to cope with the strenuous conditions ment of knowledge concerning the interrela-
of modern life and consequently doomed to tions of different forces in the universe. But
speedy extinction. To the dispassionate ob it is only a step to a totally different conse-
server, however, certain contemporary tenden- quence, in the shape of a practical abandonment
cies suggest in the surviving species of the of belief in the inviolability of demonstrated
occult a tenacity of life, which threatens a uniformities in nature. Undoubtedly the rain
serious postponement of the scientific millen descends upon the just and the unjust without
ium. One certainly cannot view such psychic regard to ethical decency, and no one's faith
epidemics, as the spread of Spiritualism during is thereby disturbed. But if spirits can lift
the years 1848-50, and the wave of Christian tables and hold them suspended in the air, in
Science and Faith Healing in the present de spite of the operation of gravity, then knowl-
cade, without discerning that for large portions edge is at an end, the whole fabric of science
of even the educated public, to say nothing of deliquesces into a mere logomachy, human con-
the intellectually submerged tenth, both the duct degenerates into a gambling upon chance,
spirit and the letter of exact science are closed and man himself becomes the plaything of
*FACT AND FABLE IN PSYCHOLOGY, By Joseph Jastrow.
every eddy that may happen to roil the waters
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
of his ignorance.


1901.]
265
THE DIAL
No amount of juggling with the ancient In his present volume he has gathered together
theological device for explaining the miracu eleven of his previously published papers, sub-
lous will, the scientist insists, do away with mitting them to a careful revision, which in
this dilemma. If, in such a case as that of our one or two instances amounts to a re-writing.
illustration, one speaks of the operation of a The articulation of the several members of the
higher law, which somehow transcends tempo series is much more successful than commonly
rarily the law of gravity, one of two things is occurs in books made up in this fashion.
meant: either some force other than gravity, An admirable essay on the Modern Occult,
say magnetism, has momentarily obscured the canvassing theosophy, Christian Science, etc.,
apparent operation of gravity — and this is stands first in the series and sounds the key-
wholly conformable to the strictest conception note of the whole book. This is followed by
of immutability in natural law, — or gravity is a somewhat drastic criticism of the Society for
not an invariable principle displayed in the Psychical Research, and a depreciatory esti.
relations of masses to one another. The latter mate of the results and future possibilities of
alternative, if true, annihilates science. such work. Mr. Jastrow gives the devil his
Naturally the advocates of liberalism in this due in acknowledging the accumulation by this
controversy would resent the name Occultism organization of much valuable psychological
as applied to them. They are nothing, if not material, but the balance sheet still shows, in
defenders of the idea of law. They contend, his opinion, a heavy deficit by reason of the
however, for the whole law, and protest against damage done by the Society to the psycholo-
identifying with this whole the trivial segment gist's scientific reputation. An examination of
which physical science, with its mechanical mental telegraphy, issuing in a conclusion of
conceptions, has thus far succeeded in decipher its probably fictitious character, is fittingly
ing. But in actual practice much of their pro followed by a description of the psychology of
cedure becomes indistinguishable from that of deception, as illustrated by the conjurer and
the genuine occultist, because they are ready the ordinary medium. An essay upon invol-
to recognize causes unknown to science (e. g., untary muscular movements, including a dis-
telepathy) in explanation of phenomena which cussion of muscle-reading, is closely connected
scientists regard as partially spurious, and in in subject matter with the last mentioned
the remaining instances as entirely explicable papers, although given a later position in the
upon the basis of accepted principles. In volume. Spiritualism and hypnotism each
almost every instance the real controversy will receive scholarly treatment, partly historical
be found to reduce itself to the question of and partly analytical. An entertaining paper
whether the operations of physical forces are on mental prepossession is in many ways inti-
ever modified or suspended by non-physical mately connected with the second of these
agencies. This issue is raised in connection topics. The dreams of the blind are ably dis-
with spiritualism, mesmerism, Christian Sci cussed, although the subject seems a trifle
ence, necromancy, telepathy, clairvoyance, etc. aside from the main stream of the essays.
Did the liberalists mean by their agencies (as, Probably the least important of the chapters
for instance, telepathy) simply some hitherto is upon the mind's eye, under which title the
unidentified physical process, such as the familiarities of the psychological texts upon
Roentgen ray, the present dispute would never perception and illusion are briefly set forth.
have arisen. Unfortunately, so far as concerns An extremely able paper upon argument from
the preservation of the peace, this is not the analogy furnishes in a sense the logical ful-
case with most of them. To compromise with crum of the whole volume and completes the
this mood is, the scientist maintains, to barter list of essays.
the birthright of one's rationality for the pot Taken in its entirety, Mr. Jastrow's argu-
tage of lunacy.
ment consists in showing how strange and
Probably no one in America has done more baffling phenomena, for whose explanation
than Professor Jastrow to disarm the common supernatural causes bave been invoked, have
forms of Occultism of their more pernicious one after another been reduced to cases of in-
consequences. He has made himself widely telligible and often familiar occurrences dis-
known as a lucid and vigorous essayist, whose torted by mal-observation and defective reason-
forceful expositions of the conservative scien- ing. It is of course impossible in any brief
tific attitude on such subjects as we have been résumé to convey a just impression of the
discussing have won him a well-merited repute. cumulative force of an argument of this type,


266
[April 16,
THE DIAL
when applied successively to the several groups readable, and which should eliminate entirely
of phenomena which have afforded occasion the commercial phases of the subscription his-
for the majority of supernaturalistic hypotheses. tory. This high purpose was cut short by his
Suffice it to say, the achievement is thoroughly untimely death, and finds but a sad kind of
skilful, and Mr. Jastrow's book may be safely fulfillment in the present posthumous work en-
prescribed in large doses for all cases of in- titled " Chapters from Illinois History."
cipient occultism. The moral, as well as the One of the shorter chapters, “Illinois in the
intellectual, advantages of scientific conserva Eighteenth Century,” consists of a description
tism are made abundantly evident. But to the of the beginnings of American rule in Illinois
end, temperamental rather than purely logical under Colonel John Todd, who became Vir-
considerations will doubtless determine the ginia governor after the conquest by George
attitude toward these problems of many pre-Rogers Clark. A second sketch is an excellent
sumably intelligent persons. There are, more description of a personal visit to old Fort
over, profounder forms of mysticism than any Chartres near the Mississippi below St. Louis,
of these with which Mr. Jastrow has chosen to in which the ruins are rebuilt in the author's
deal. They contain, however, no serious menace fancy and re-peopled by Makarty, Renault, and
to science, and their omission is accordingly the early French. The chapter on “The
justifiable. JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL.
March of the Spanish Across Illinois” is a
plausible argument that this expedition from
Spanish St. Louis in 1781, against the English
at St. Joseph, was intended to aid in the Span-
CHAPTERS FROM ILLINOIS HISTORY.*
ish claim to the country east of the Mississippi
In no line of historical writing has there when negotiations to close the Revolutionary
been such marked advancement in recent years War should be entered upon. Two lesser
as in “state histories. Formerly the term chapters,
chapters, “Illinois in the Revolution" and
meant a series of reminiscences of early comers “ The Chicago Massacre" (of 1812), are suf-
in which tradition, anecdote, and a thousand ficiently described in their titles.
trifling details occupied the place of leading Two of the five chapters named above were
facts, logical development, and scholarly deduc- previously printed, and the whole would no
tions. Or it meant a "guide for emigrants," doubt have been incorporated in the finished
giving a kind of encyclopædic summary,
work. They are fragmentary. But the first
which grew into a subscription book, with a “chapter ” of the book, “ The Land of the
number of plates of important personages at Illinois,” is of sufficient length to manifest the
so much per plate.
literary style, the thoroughness of detail, and
Only too rarely has the scholarly business the balance of topics, which would have char-
man had the zeal to turn aside and enter acterized the whole bad the original plan been
field which has no special attraction for the carried out.
professional historical writer. Such a man Mr. Mason begins with the reference by
was the late Edward G. Mason, for some time Champlain on his map to “a nation where
President of the Chicago Historical Society, there is a quantity of buffalo,” as indicating
and to whom that institution owes much of its the land of the Illinois Indians. Thence the
present flourishing condition. Although only story is carried forward through Marquette,
an adopted citizen of Illinois, having been born who the author thinks receives the credit nat-
in Connecticut and educated at Yale, be entered urally belonging to Jolliet; through the heroic
upon a special study of the early days in the achievements of LaSalle and Tonty, to the
Illinois country with a zest and a training death of the former. The recital closes ab-
which made him an authority upon that topic. ruptly with the reappointment of Frontenac as
His enthusiasm has placed in the Chicago His governor of Canada in 1689.
torical Society many priceless records which The sudden death of the author in his prime
would otherwise have gone the primrose way has a sad parallel in this sudden termination
of their fellows to destruction.
of the story in the height of its excellence.
It was the purpose of Mr. Mason to write a The enthusiasm of Mr. Mason over the stirring
scholarly history of Illinois one which should deeds of LaSalle and his great lieutenant is
go to original sources for material, should be evident in every line.
evident in every line. He leaves Tonty, gov-
* CHAPTERS FROM ILLINOIS HISTORY. By Edward G.
ernor of his lofty Fort St. Louis, looking down
Mason. With portrait. Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co. the valley of the Illinois, awaiting the return
-


1901.]
267
THE DIAL
of his captain who lies in the far south, stricken that Jesus was an Essene. The mode of argu-
down by a treacherous hand.
ment is illustrated by the following remarks :
Of course Mr. Mason had to depend upon “ Historical questions are sometimes made
the “ Relations” of the Jesuits for his infor more clear by being treated broadly. Let us
mation, but he has supplemented them when- first deal with this from the impersonal side,
ever possible. His array of references is at leaving out altogether the alleged words and
first startling, and then begets confidence. deeds of Christ, Paul, etc.” (p. 159). In other
Where authorities differ, he has weighed the words, Mr. Lillie instead of giving a clear and
arguments with the training of the lawyer. The scientific narrative of what is really known
style is plain but the composition faultless. about Buddha, and stating frankly the charac-
The purpose evidently is to convey the meaning ter and value of his authorities early and late
to the reader with a view to the ó economy of a piece of work much to be desired, - has
attention.”. Of the many writings upon Illinois produced a polemic maintaining that Chris-
history, it is probably safe to say that none is
safe to say that none is tianity, posing as the religion of Jesus, is really
80 scholarly, so careful, and so trustworthy as a wholesale plagiarism from Buddhism. The
these “ chapters ” from the pen of Mr. Mason. book is no more than a rebash of the author's
EDWIN E. SPARKS. previous writings on the same subject, and is
of like importance.
A strange coincidence has brought together
in the same year this amorphous book of Mr.
BUDDHISM, TRUE AND FALSE.*
Lillie, and a treatise on the same subject by
Suppose that in this day and age of the Dr. C. F. Aiken, in which the desirable and
world a life of Jesus” should be written, pur serviceable about Buddha and his system have
porting to be a veritable history, and based on been said with clearness, accuracy, and sobri-
the so-called Apocryphal Gospels and similar ety. The title is badly chosen, and will frighten
authorities. Suppose, further, that the latter off the very persons who would profit most by
part of this “ life" should be taken
up
with an
reading the book. The treatment is in three
argument, buttressed by citations, to prove parts, first, a discussion of the relation of
that Mohammedanism was really a complete
Buddhism to the antecedent Brahmanism;
plagiarism of Christianity. Of equal scientific second, the presentation of the system itself in
value and of a similar type of content is Mr.
its historical development, containing a chapter
Arthur Lillie's “ Buddha and Buddhism," a on Buddha's life from the earliest and most
new volume in the series of “The World's trustworthy sources ; third, an examination of
Epoch Makers.”
What is presented as a the alleged relations of Buddhism with Chris-
“ life” of Buddha is taken largely, without hint tianity. In view of the unfounded assertions
of the character of the sources, from the highly on this last topic in Mr. Lillie's work, the third
poetical, fanciful, and legendary stories about part makes very interesting and profitable read-
Buddha contained in the late northern litera-ing. The author takes up with painstaking
ture. The story is told for the most part in a thoroughness and unwearied pursuit of details
series of independent paragraphs whose primary the various and devious allegations of the
aim is to show how similar to incidents in the school to which Mr. Lillie belongs, with the
life of Jesus are certain events in Buddha's result - anticipated, indeed, but none the less
career. Ever and anon such statements appear satisfactory — that these writers are convicted
as this : “ There is scarcely a doubt now with of misrepresentations, garbled quotations, an-
scholars that the early Christians borrowed the achronisms, and fictions” (to use Mr. Aiken's
solution of earth's mighty problem from India" mild term). It is almost incredible that writers
(p. 20). One entire chapter is given to the claiming to be scientific scholars could be guilty
argument that the Essenes were Buddhists and of such charges, but ample proof is given in
BUDDHA AND BUDDHISM. By Arthur Lillie. New York:
the course of this critical and unsparing exam-
Charles Scribner's Song.
ination. The argument amounts to a demon-
THE DHAMMA OF GOTAMA, the Buddha, and the Gospel stration. Dr. Aiken has rendered a service to
of Jesus the Christ. A Critical Inquiry into the alleged Re-
lations of Buddhism with Primitive Christianity. By Charles Christianity, but, beyond that, he has made a
Francis Aiken, S.T.D. Boston: Marlier & Co., Ltd. notable contribution to the cause of sound
ACVAGHOSHA'S DISCOURSE ON THE AWAKENING OF learning and scientific truth. He has added,
FAITH IN THE MAHAYANA. Translated for the first time
from the Chinese version, by Teitaro Suzuki. Chicago: The
besides, a valuable bibliography of Buddhist
Open Court Publishing Co.
texts and modern treatises.


268
(April 16,
THE DIAL
his money
-
The “ Discourse on the Awakening of Faith mean. We learn at the very start that he is saving
in the Mabayana” is a pretty stiff bit of meta up
with great care, and we at once scent
physics which reflects credit alike on the author a mystery - some heroic resolve or secret obliga-
and the translator. It illustrates the keenness
tion. When we learn in the end that he has been
of thinking characteristic of the best Buddhist
actuated by no higher motive than ordinary parsi-
treatises. The style is repetitious and dreary.
mony, it is difficult to repress a feeling of disgust
that any sympathy should have been wasted upon
The faith which is inculcated rests upon him. We must also say that there is a great deal
knowledge of a very complicated and subtle too much horse talk in the book. Horses are inter-
system of philosophy. The translator has put esting to Virginians, no doubt, but not quite to the
every student of Buddhism into his debt by point thus indicated. The story is valuable as a
making this work available and annotating it study of manners rather than for any analysis of
with such care and intelligence. Mabayana character, or any development of plot, to be found
texts have not received anything like the atten-
within its pages.
tion they deserve, and it is to be hoped that
The second volume in this series is “ The Senti-
We
Mr. Teitaro Suzuki will continue his labors in
mentalists,” by Mr. Arthur Stanwood Pier.
have met Mr. Pier once before in a delightfully
this field.
GEORGE S. GOODSPEED. humorous sketch of the Harvard Summer School
- and we open his new book prepared to be
pleased. The scene is Boston, varied by excursions
RECENT FICTION.*
into Missouri, and the complications of a stock-
broking promotion make it possible to bring two
An interesting experiment is being tried by one localities so diverse, both physically and morally,
of the most important of our publishing houses. It into the scheme of a single novel. The greater
takes the form of a series of twelve novels, to be part of the interest is Bostonian, although by far
published at monthly intervals, each of the twelve
the best chapters in the book are those which de-
dealing with some local condition or phase of con scribe the conflict between the opposing forces of
temporary life. These novels are to be the work corruption in the legislature of the Western State.
of new or comparatively unknown writers, and as These chapters are depressing reading, but the
we do not understand that the entire series has yet brutal truth that they embody is of a sort only too
been provided for, the announcement should serve familiar to students of our political life. The writer
as a stimulus to ambitious young writers all over of this story is likely to be persona non grata in
the country. Two volumes in this series bave Missouri, and hardly less so in Boston, which he
already appeared, and we have read them both calls "the city of lowest vitality and least signifi-
with exceptional interest. The first of the two, cance in the country.” Mr. Pier has not proved
“ Eastover Court House” by name, is the joint successful in the delineation of any of his charac-
work of Mr. Henry Burnham Boone and Mr. Ken-
ters; the
very title of the story warns us that it is
neth Brown. The scene is in rural Virginia, and concerned rather with superficial traits than with
the action takes place during very recent years. deep-seated qualities. For at least the first half of
We should be unable to assign a definite date to the book, our constant thought was that we had
the story were it not for the appearance of the rarely met with so marked a talent for dealing with
Philippine war in the closing chapters, for the gen the surface of character combined with so absolute
eral conditions depicted are such as bave been char an inability to penetrate into its depths. The later
acteristic of Virginia at almost any time since the chapters forced some modification of this judgment,
close of the Civil War. The work is decidedly which must, however, stand as the essential thing
amateurish, and to point out numerous defects to be said about the novel. Weak and unsatisfac-
would be a very easy task. The hero, in particular, tory as he is, there is some slight vitality to the hero,
is extremely disappointing, being both weak and but we can find little or no vitality in any other
* EASTOVER COURT HOUSE. By Henry Burnham Boone
of the creatures of his fancy. The most carefully
and Kenneth Brown. New York: Harper & Brothers. studied figure of all that of the hero's mother
THE SENTIMENTALISTS. By Arthur Stanwood Pier. New is a complete failure from the artistic point of view.
York: Harper & Brothers.
She interests us exceedingly, but we never for a
BABS THE IMPOSSIBLE. By Sarah Grand. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
moment take her seriously, or find ourselves thinking
THE VISITS OF ELIZABETH. By Elinor Glyn. New York:
of her as of a really possible human being.
John Lane.
For a third time Madame “ Sarah Grand” comes
THE CONSCIENCE OF CORALIE. By F. Frankfort Moore. to us with a novel which is essentially a study of
Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co.
the enfant terrible. Her first success was gained
THE DUKE. By J. Storer Clouston. New York : Long-
with the story of those "beavenly twins" whose
mans, Green, & Co.
THE MANTLE OF ELIJAH. A Novel. By I. Zangwill.
pranks and audacities held the reader breathless
New York: Harper & Brothers.
through many hundreds of pages. In her second
NUDE SOUls. A Novel By Benjamin Swift. Chicago: important book Beth remained interesting only as
Herbert S. Stone & Co.
long as she remained a child ; when she grew up.


1901.]
269
THE DIAL
6 new woman
and developed “views,” she became exceedingly making his characters speak, at least occasionally,
tiresome. Now we have, in “ Babs the Impossible," in the language that is used by ordinary mortals.
another portrait of precocious childhood, and w This defect alone makes his figures unreal, and
are beginning to wish that the type presented might they are also so distorted in other respects that we
prove as impossible in fiction as it is in fact. There can hardly be guilty of over-statement in calling
is, however, no denying interest of the kittenish them caricatures. This is a great pity, for there
Babs, although it is an interest that palls after a is excellent stuff in this novel, and its fundamental
time. Since Babs remains a child to the end of theme a protest against the hypocrisy of modern
the chapter, she cannot be given “views,” like the politics — is one to interest all generous souls. The
grown-up Beth, but “ views” there must be in any motives which lead our civilized nations to engage
book by this strenuous champion of her wronged in schemes of conquest and the subjugation of un-
sex, and for the purpose of presenting them a offending peoples are dissected with merciless skill,
makes an unexpected and quite and the cant phrases in which these schemes are de-
uncalled-for appearance near the close, and has her fended are satirized with pitiless severity. Although
say with much emphasis. She has not the remotest the subject of the novel is English, the point of its
connection with the story, but that does not greatly moral is even sharper for Americans, since our
matter, for it is almost equally true of the other newly-invented imperialism is purely wanton, where-
figures that are introduced for our diversion. The as English imperialism is a historical inheritance
story is absolutely without structure, coherence, or which it would be difficult not to accept. In spite
probability; it amuses by virtue of Babs, her say. of the faults of his work, Mr. Zangwill preaches a
ings and escapades, and also to a certain extent by powerful sermon upon this timely topic.
the schemes of the mountebank Jelly bond, whose If the book just mentioned verges upon cynicism,
boniment is cleverly done, and who comes next the latest production of the writer known as “ Ben-
after Babs in the order of importance among the jamin Swift ” steps far over the verge. Cynicism
figures presented.
unrelieved, and a thoroughly unsympathetic and
Still another study of the enfant terrible is of brutal envisagement of human character, is what
fered us by Miss Elinor Glyn's “The Visits of we find in “Nude Souls,” as we found these quali-
Elizabeth." Here there is much less of narrative, ties in “The Tormentor” and “ The Destroyer.”
and correspondingly more of art, than “Sarah The fascination of morbid psychology for this
Grand” has to give us. When we look at the writer seems to be irresistible, and his pathological
frontispiece portrait of Elizabeth, we cannot help studies are unrelieved by any vestige of a belief
thinking that she will do well indeed if she can live that these are not, after all, normal types of hu-
up to its charm. On the whole, we should
say
that manity. The fascination of his books is unde-
she does. She is a young English girl of sixteen niable; they have high distinction of style, and
or thereabouts, who has a good many relatives in they exhibit a masterly delineation of the characters
both England and France. She makes a round of with which the imagination of the writer chooses
visits to these relatives, and writes home to her to consort. But one would suppose from reading
mother about them all. Her writing is absolutely him that this is a world in which passion always
naïve, and therein lies the delightful quality of the gets the better of reason, and in which the brute
book. “Gyp" in English — this is what the reader part of human nature remains unsubdued by all
says to himself when he has read two or three the ethical agencies of civilization. This were to
chapters, for Elizabeth is very much such a girl as despair of mankind indeed, and we must indignantly
Chiffon, for example. She occasionally writes things refuse to take so base a view of humanity. But
in her innocence that have a very deep meaning, we must also bear witness to the fascination pos-
as the alert reader will soon realize, and on one sessed by such a book as “ Nude Souls,” and it needs
occasion her audacity, or rather that of the author, all our resolution to escape from its baleful spell.
is so startling that the reader holds his breath. “ The Conscience of Coralie,” by Mr. F. Frank-
The hour that this book requires may not be pro fort Moore, is a novel which sins by forced clever-
ductive of edification, but no reader will be likely ness almost as notably as do the books of Mr.
to think it misspent.
Zangwill. The characters, almost without exception,
Mr. Zangwill's new novel, comparable in volume a