actory and was often imprac-
and affording in his achievement such an
ticable. We meet in his journal with en-
example of magnificent endurance as scarcely
tries like these: “The last fortnight I have
finds a parallel in literary annals except as the
not read or written, in all, five minutes. If
I could only have some use of my eyes! 'I
WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT. By Rollo Ogden.
FRANCIS PARKMAN. By Henry Dwight Sedgwick.
use my eyes ten minutes at a time, for an hour
can Men of Letters Series. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
a day. So I snail it along.' Parkman's afflic-
Ameri-


208
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
tion came from some obscure trouble of the is particularly inviting; personal anecdotes and
brain which not only robbed him of his eyes, extracts from letters and journals are liberally
but affected also the action of heart and limbs. introduced throughout - material which vivi-
His working time was frequently reduced to fies the portrait of the man whose heart was so
less than half an hour a day, and there were warm that Hillard declared it made Prescott's
long periods of utter helplessness. Oh, think friends forget that he was a great historian and
of what you have done ! exclaimed a lady eager only think of him as a person to be loved. Mr.
to comfort him during an interval of illness. Sedgwick’s volume is proportioned oddly.
* Done! he cried, his head rising from the pil- Two-thirds of the book is crowded with par-
low, done! there is much more for me still ticulars, significant and insignificant, of the
to do! Such were the conditions under which historian's early years up to his twenty-seventh,
these men labored, and such was the spirit in leaving less than a hundred pages for the story
which they persevered. Partial blindness was of the long, pathetic, and inspiring life of won-
not the only embarrassment; a train of ail derful accomplishment which crowned a stren-
ments accompanied and aggravated the condi uous and strongly assertive youth. It is writ-
tion of each.
ten vivaciously, even pertly at times. The later
It is always interesting to trace the links by story of Francis Parkman is too important to
which a scholar is attracted to the theme be disposed of in this brief fashion, and the
of his choice. In the case of Parkman, not material of the earlier chapters should have
only does the passion for historical study ap been sifted. The youthful records of schoolboy
pear to have been innate, but his fervid love explorations are interesting, but much of the
of the woods and the wilderness, together with matter could well have been spared. We would
his profound interest in the manners and life not, however, miss the pleasant pictures of the
of our native savage tribes, seems almost to invalid upon the veranda at Portsmouth play-
have predetermined the chronicler of Pontiac ing with the children and the cats, or cultivat-
to the selection of his romantic field. With ing the famous rose beds at his residence on the
Prescott, on the other hand, there was a period shore of Jamaica Pond. In such scenes the
of deliberation and considerable hesitancy in healthy and genial spirit of Parkman is more
the quest of a subject. In 1857 he wrote to a intimately expressed. W. E. SIMONDS.
friend thus: 'I had early conceived a strong
passion for historical writing, to which, per-
haps, the reading of Gibbon's Autobiography
contributed not a little. I proposed to piake
RECENT FICTION.*
myself an historian in the best sense of the • The Last Hope' is a novel by the late Henry
term.' Spanish literature first attracted his Seton Merriman. The title finds a two-fold
attention, as he followed the lectures of his meaning in the work itself, for it is literally the
friend Ticknor at Harvard. He began the
name of a boat and symbolically a phrase suggest-
study of Spanish in 1825. After the first
ive of the final effort of Bourbon royalty to re-
vagueness of his general plan, his mind began
• THE LAST HOPE.
New
By Henry Seton Merriman.
to settle about two possible topics for historical
STRONG MAC. By S. R. Crockett. New York: Dodd,
investigation - Spanish history from the inva-
sion of the Arabs to the consolidation of the
A LADDER OF SWORDS. A Tale of Love, Laughter, and
Tears. By Gilbert Parker. New York: Harper & Brothers.
monarchy under Charles V., and a history of THE CHALLONERS. By E. F. Benson. Philadelphia :
the revolution of ancient Rome, which con J. B. Lippincott Co.
verted the republic into an empire. This sec-
By E. L. Voynich. Philadelphia:
ond subject he abandoned as he reflected that
J. B. Lippincott Co.
RICHARD GRESHAM. By Robert Morss Lovett.
‘the great and learned Niebuhr has been em-
ployed these dozen years upon it. .. Shall
By Basil King. New York:
I beat the bushes after this? I have not quite
Harper & Brothers.
THE TRANSGRESSION OF ANDREW VANE. By Guy Wet-
decided, but I think not.' Literary history also more Carryl. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
attracted him; but the germ of Prescott's
By Samuel Merwin. New York:
* Ferdinand and Isabella' lay in the Spanish
By Harry Leon Wilson. New York:
theme, and after a year of pros and cons, he Doubleday, Page & Co.
definitely subscribed to that.
THE BY-WAYS OF BRAITHE. By Frances Powell.
York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
Into the details of either biography it is un-
THE PASTIME OF ETERNITY. By Beatrix Demarest
necessary to enter here. The reader of Mr. Lloyd. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
Ogden's book will note with interest a few THE ROSE OF OLD St. Louis. By Mary Dillon.
York : The Century Co.
new facts concerning Prescott's brave
By Flor-
patient life. The style of the book is dignified ence Brooks Whitehouse. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
and direct, the material is interesting and well
By Kate Douglas Wiggin,
Mary Findlater, Jane Findlater, and Allan McAulay.
arranged. A chapter upon ‘Personal Traits'
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Mead & Co.
OLIVE
LATHAM
New
York: The Macmillan Co.
THE STEPS OF HONOR.
THE MERRY ANNE.
The Macmillan Co.
THE SEEKER.
New
New
THE EFFENDI.
A Romance of the Soudan.
THE AFFAIR AT THE INN.
-


1904.]
209
THE DIAL
establish itself upon the throne of France; and a pected possession of the ancestral acres. The
third meaning will occur to the mind of every novel has a very complicated plot, enough mystery
reader, considering that through this work the to keep the reader perplexed until the end, no
entertaining talent of the author makes its little dry humor, and a wealth of the sort of
final appeal to the reading public. The scene is detail that no one but a Scotsman born and bred
shifted from time to time between England and could possibly have at command. The dialect
France, while the period is the middle of the feature is pronounced, which makes the book un-
nineteenth century, — the year just preceding
the year just preceding usually difficult reading, but this time the effort
the usurpation of power by Louis Napoleon. One is really worth while, which cannot always be
is at first a little dismayed to discover that the said of the kail-yard fictional product.
author has once more raked up the old story of Sir Gilbert Parker's Elizabethan romance,
the Dauphin and the Temple, but fear becomes The Ladder of Swords, 'is a slight performance
allayed when it is discovered that the legend is which opens interestingly, but drags quite a little
not taken seriously, but is made to serve only as toward the close. It tells of the love between a
a peg for the hanging of a very ingenious royalist soldier and a maiden of the Huguenot faith,
intrigue against the Napoleonic pretensions. For opens in that island of Jersey that the author
a time, indeed, we are led to believe that the knows so well, and presently conducts the persons
Dauphin did escape, that he was taken to Eng. chiefly concerned to London, whither they are
land, grew up, married, had a child, and died pursued by the vengeance of the Queen Mother,
soon thereafter. In this child of the unknown and saved only through the sympathy of Eliza-
French refugee we have the hero of the present beth. The figure of the great Queen of England
romance; but it transpires after awhile that he
is firmly drawn upon conventional lines, albeit
cannot be the nineteenth Louis. Before this fact
they are a little softened by a sentiment that the
emerges, however, and before the hero himself
reader finds agreeable, but of which the historian
becomes sure of it, he has put himself so unre will have his doubts. The figure of Leicester
servedly in the hands of the plotters, and is so takes on a more sinister villainy than we have
deeply involved in their machinations, that he been wont to attribute to him, but he is of course
finds it impossible to withdraw, and so the con unmasked, as all good villains are in historical
spiracy goes on, until the Man of December scores romance, and his schemes to blight the happiness
his final triumph and all conspiracies against his of the lovers are thwarted. There is a court
power are made hopeless. We do not quite see why | jester of the super-sophisticated sort who might
the hero should have to be sacrificed in the end well be spared. Easily the best-conceived char-
by drowning him, for he has been alternately in acter in the book is that of the bluff Seigneur of
love with two interesting young women, one of Rozel, who comes from Jersey with the refugees,
whom he might easily have been made to marry. stands by them at need, and returns to his island
Perhaps the author himself could not decide be seigneury with enough stories of his amazing
tween the two, and so resorted to this cowardly experiences to last for the rest of his days.
evasion of his responsibilities. The story is told Mr. E. F. Benson's new novel is called "The
with all of the author's wonted cleverness, his Challoners,' after the family which provides it
easy knowledge of the world, and his happy
with three out of its five leading characters.
trick of incisive phrase and dramatic situation. The senior Challoner is an English clergyman of
It seems to us about as good as any of the books the most austere and uncompromising type. He
that he published during his life time.
has two children, a boy and a girl, from whose
Mr. S. R. Crockett, after dallying for a period sympathies he becomes hopelessly estranged by
with romantic adventure in Spain, returns in the exercise of what he narrowly believes to be his
. Strong Mac' to the Scotch scenes and charac duty toward them. He loves them, but he nags
ters which have brought him his most genuine them; and the nagging makes their life miserable,
Since the time is that of the Napoleonic for they are young people of the modern age, with
wars, he is enabled to introduce a Spanish episode individualities of their own. The boy is a musi-
of a few chapters; for the heroine is compelled at cal genius of whom his father tries to make a
a certain critical juncture to journey to the Penin classical scholar. The girl is not a genius at all,
sula, and seek out in Wellington's army the sol but she knows her own heart, and cleaves to the
dier whose presence is needed in Scotland to clear man who loves her in the face of paternal
her lover from the charge of murder. Of course opposition. In this opposition is the crux of the
she is successful, and of course the witness ar whole plot; for her lover is a man who positively
rives in the nick of time, just as sentence is rejects the religious dogmatism of her father. In
about to be pronounced. Strong Mac is a fine a word, the story turns upon a situation so old-
specimen of manhood, and the villainies by which fashioned that we thought it had disappeared
he is beset serve to bring out the best elements from fiction for good. It is only by making the
of his character. The heroine also finds ready father a survival of the age of theological big-
access to our hearts. Her father, the village otry that such a situation can be given the slight-
schoolmaster, a weak and dissipated person, albeit est degree of probability in our time. How re-
of good family and fine intellectual parts, is per lentlessly the author depicts this vanished cleri-
haps the most carefully studied figure in the cal type may be illustrated by the fact that the
story He never quite loses his hold on our sym daughter is forbidden to read the novels of George
pathies, although it is chiefly for the daughter's Eliot. That she does read them in secret, and that
sake that we rejoice when he comes into unex she smokes an occasional cigarette, are causes of
success.


210
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
6
offense so great as to be overshadowed only by the falters at the critical moment, almost failing of
obstinacy of her love for a man without religion the moral victory when it is within his grasp.
in her father's narrow sense. Although this com That he should thus hesitate, seems to us, consid-
plication is worked up with a great deal of earn ering what his life has been up to that point,
estness, the author does not succeed in making an element of weakness in Mr. Lovett's book; and
it seem real to us. The humorous element in the we cannot quite forgive him for choosing the
narrative is supplied by a garrulous old lady somewhat sophisticated affection of the woman
whose conviction is what the French call décousue. whom he marries, in preference to the less calcu-
A little of it proves amply satisfying; and, after lating and more genuine love of his earlier years,
the first few chapters, we cheerfully skip this old - the chorus girl who afterwards becomes a star
lady's monologues. It seems to us a little wanton of the lyric stage.
But these are no reasons for
in Mr. Benson to kill the musical genius in the our quarrelling seriously with a book which shows
final chapter. He gives us quite enough agony so much ability, and which is one of the best pro-
without that unnecessary supplement.
ductions of the current season.
There is no denying the insight and the power In Mr. Basil King's new novel, also, as the
of Mrs. Voynich's novels, but there is an element title indicates, a point of honor is made the basis
of the unreal about them which, combined with of the action. It is a Harvard novel, and the
an infusion of morbid thought and feeling, pre leading characters are two young instructors in
vents them from achieving the highest effects. the English department, both aspirants for the
They are so intense in their emotional aspect favor of a young woman in whose veins flows the
that they suffer as representations of human life, bluest of Cambridge blood. The successful aspi-
which is not, even under the most tragic condi rant is the author of a widely-read book upon the
tions, quite so dismal an affair as the author social conscience, a work which, unfortunately,
makes it out to be. We should place Mrs. Voy he has plagiarized in considerable measure from
nich's new novel about midway in the scale be an old and long-forgotten volume. This fact is
tween its two predecessors. Olive Latham' is discovered by the other man, who proceeds to
not as hopelessly repellant in theme as was Jack unmask his rival. For a time, the plagiarist faces
Raymond, nor is it as fresh and varied in its the accusation with a brazen denial; but the evi-
interest as was · The Gadfiy.' It is essentially dence is too convincing, and he is forced in the
the history of the wrecking of a woman's soul by end to admit his guilt. His engagement is actu-
suffering, followed by a period in which she hov- | ally broken, he resigns his position, and seeks
ers on the verge of insanity, and ending with a secluded lodgings in a Boston suburb. Here he
note of hopefulness as she gradually gropes her works out a sort of moral regeneration, which in
way out of the valley of the shadow and the bal the end wins back for him something of self-re-
ance of her nature shows signs of restoration. spect, and — what the average reader will hold
As a study in psychology, this is marvellously well quite as important – the love that he seemed to
done, and the external interest is not inadequate have lost irretrievably. Thus mounting once more
to the situation. The heroine is an English The Steps of Honor,' he patches up, after a
woman, but her story is primarily one of Russian fashion, the life that one false step has so nearly
despotism. That it is which does to death her ruined. Another young woman provides conso
husband, a Polish conspirator, and comes near to lation for the rival, and the outcome is made a
shattering her own reason. If the depth of the fairly happy one. Mr. King has given us a faith-
writer's feelings were matched by a correspond ful study of life in these academic circles, and
ing clearness of thought and strength of object certain of his secondary characters afford us
ive grasp, this book would be much more nearly much entertainment. One point we are inclined to
a masterpiece than it now is.
labor a little, because of its unconscious revela-
The hero of 'Richard Gresham,' Mr. Robert
tion of an attitude not uncommon in our older
Morss Lovett's first novel, starts out in life with
Eastern universities. When the hero's dishonesty
an overwhelming burden laid upon his shoulders. is detected, his rival tells him that he must ' get
His father is an embezzler and a fugitive from out' of Harvard, and go where no one will ever
justice, which fact, declared when Richard is a hear of him again. He is then advised that' one
boy of nine, is destined to shape the whole course
of the Western colleges' will be the proper place
of his life. He grows up with the understanding
for him, and is promised that if he thus betakes
that it is his paramount duty to meet the obliga himself to the outer darkness no whisper of his
tions thus incurred, and redeem the family name.
fault shall go with him. For a story-teller who
We follow his fortunes from childhood up; the is writing as a professional moralist, this atti-
rough farm life of his boyish years, his painfully tude is, to say the least, peculiar. The episode is
acquired education, his experience as a mining highly illuminating. We must mention one other
engineer in Mongolia, and his career as a stock matter. Mr. King is one of the people who still
broker in New York, are the successive phases of
believe (page 27) that witches were once burned
his history, and they are all presented in a thor at Salem. Some superstitions die hard !
oughly interesting and human way. His efforts • The Transgression of Andrew Vane,' by the
meet with success, but the commercial and social late Guy Wetmore Caryll, is a story of the Amer-
influences which surround him in New York, and ican colony in Paris. Andrew's transgression is
his marriage with a woman whose ethical instincts the usual one, resulting from his acquaintance
are confused, come near to blunting the fine sense with the frail but fascinating Mirabelle Tre-
of honor which has shaped his career, and he monceau, which in turn results from his falling
6


1904.]
211
THE DIAL
6
into the hands of a designing scoundrel who lives belief in which he has been reared. It is a book
upon blackmail. How Andrew is finally forgiven of distinctly didactic purpose, as much so as
by the girl whom he loves, and how the villain Robert Elsmere, ' for example, but with little of
comes to a melodramatic end, are matters worked the subtlety and gentle persuasiveness of that
out with curious ingenuity of detail. A prologue, remarkable work. The dogmatism from which
dated before the birth of the hero, is supposed Linford revolts as he grows to clear-sighted man-
to prepare us for the shock of learning his true hood is of a type that hardly exists at the present
parentage, but is so obscurely written that the day, or at least exists in nothing more than a
revelation, when it does come, is too startling to simulacrum of its former vitality. Thus the
be acceptable. After having thought otherwise author is largely concerned in doing battle with a
all through the book, we are suddenly called upon man of straw, and his weapons are as old-fash-
to believe that Andrew's father is the villain ioned and discredited as the equipment of his
who has been seeking his ruin. And the device adversary. The argument that he uses is of the
involved for this explanation is a ridiculous story Voltaire-Paine-Ingersoll sort
Voltaire-Paine-Ingersoll sort - a kind of attack
of hypnotism used for a malign purpose. We that has done good and effective work in its day,
cannot admit the legitimacy of this invention, but has little force or meaning when applied to
but the story is otherwise one of striking inter the spiritualized modern conception of religious
est, and minutely realistic in its portrayal of the faith. Mr. Wilson seems to have no notion of
fashionable life of the French capital, at least, the philosophical principles underlying the relig-
of such aspects of that life as come readily within ious problem as it exists to-day; he assails the
the foreign visitor's range of observation. Both literal (and un-literary) interpretation of texts
in dialogue and description it is a singularly and formularies, and scores an easy triumph.
clever performance.
For the rest, this book embodies enough of a
'The Merry Anne' is a story of adventure, story, and of characters in variety, to be readable,
told by Mr. Samuel Merwin. The name of a except for its pages of arid polemics; there is
lumber schooner on Lake Michigan gives the book
also a good deal of charm about the portrayal of
its title, and the captain and part owner thereof
the hero's childhood, for the work is essentially
is one Dick Smiley, a dashing young person in
an imagined biography, and begins at the begin-
love with Annie Fargo, a maiden who lives in a
ning. It is marred by a straining for original
house on stilts, situated on the shore of the lake terms of expression, which serves only to accentu-
just north of Chicago. Henry Smiley, who is
ate the crudity of the style.
Dick's cousin, Joe McGlory and his wife, who Miss Frances Powell attracted some attention
keep a saloon near by, and one Bedloe, or Bever two or three years ago by a novel called " The
idge, a special agent of the United States Treas House on the Hudson a melodramatic piece of
ury, are other leading characters. And thereby work exhibiting many crudities of diction and
hangs the tale. For Henry is no other than the imagination, yet suggestive in a curious way of
notorious Whiskey Jim, the head of a daring com no less a work than 'Jane Eyre. Miss Powell's
bination of smugglers, who do their distilling on second novel, “ The By-Ways of Braithe,' is al-
a Canadian island in northern Lake Huron, in most a replica of the first in its setting, its atmos-
geniously conceal the product in hollow logs, and phere of mystery, and its leading types of char-
ship it to Chicago, where McGlory sees that it acter. It is grossly improbable in plot, and the
is properly distributed. Dick knows nothing of persons who figure in it are constantly doing and
all this, but is brought into innocent complicity saying the most impossible things, yet it has a
with the criminals by taking on a load of this certain interest, and one cannot help feeling that
compromising lumber, and bringing it to Chicago. the exercise of a little thoughtfulness and re-
Beveridge, who has long been on the trail of the straint would make a more than acceptable novel-
gang, discovers this contraband cargo, which ist out of its writer. Thus far, she strains too
makes things look black for Dick. But the latter, much for her effects, and is clearly bent upon be-
offering to help in running down the real crimi ing original and striking at no matter what
nals, joins in the chase, which carries the party artistic cost. On the other hand, she employs a
through many desperate adventures, and ends by sort of machinery that takes us back into the
capturing the real Whiskey Jim and freeing his dark ages of romantic fiction, – secret passages,
cousin Dick from suspicion. Incidentally, Bever mysterious portents mysteriously realized, and
idge, who has been Dick's rival with Annie, finds heavy villainy combined with attractive person-
that he has no chance in that quarter, and for ality. Braithe is an old mansion on the Hudson,
consolation takes up with McGlory's widow. The built in exact imitation of an English prototype,
whole story is worked up very effectively, and and its' by-ways' are the secret chambers and
becomes fairly thrilling toward the close. Mr. exits of which we hear a great deal, but which
Merwin does not waste many words upon fine are finally utilized in a disappointing way only.
writing, but goes straight ahead in an incisive Miss Beatrix Lloyd's · The Pastime of Eter-
and vigorous way, gathering up his loose ends one nity' is an interesting novel, and it has rather
by one and weaving them into a compact yet more originality than we find in most current
variegated fabric.
productions, particularly in first ventures. The
Mr. Harry Leon Wilson's new novel, " The situations and the climaxes are a little strained,
Seeker,' tells the life-history of one Bernal Lin and the writer has a propensity for the use of
ford, dealing particularly with his emancipation strange, uncouth words, which simply irritate the
from the depressing orthodoxy of the religious reader and add nothing to the expression. These


212
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
are superficial faults, however, and the writer closing chapter, just after the reoccupation of
may easily learn to avoid them. Holbein is an Khartoum and the payment of tardy funeral hon-
attractive character, and we cannot quite under ors to Gordon's memory. This seems to have
stand how he came to be so mismated. The ex been the easiest way to dispose of him, since
planation given us later on does not really ex there was no one left for him to love, and his
plain. He has, however, the compensation of recently-discovered European status made it diffi-
being loved by two exceptionally gifted young cult for the author to shape a new career for
women, although he does not discover it for some him. The story is based upon a number of im-
time. When the discovery is made, and his suf- probabilities, chief among which is the dual ex-
ferings have made a sufficient demand upon our istence of Uarda as harem inmate and dashing
sympathies, the writer remorselessly slays his coquette employed to spy upon the English resi-
frivolous wife in an automobile accident, and dents of Luxor, but it has romantic charm and a
opens the path of happiness for himself and one picturesque setting, which qualities entitle it to
of the young women. The other, necessarily, has a hearing and commend it to the favor of the
a hard time of it. The story of the Chevalier de novel-reader.
Besarique, who starves himself to death when all After all these matters of history and philos-
is lost save honor, is a gruesomely impressive epi- ophy, of sensation and social dilemma, it is a re-
sode, and leads to much self-torturing on the part lief to take up such a book as · The Affair at the
of his daughter, who is the favored young woman Inn,' which has not about it the faintest sugges-
before mentioned. Miss Lloyd has a pretty gift tion of an idea or a problem or a historical hap-
of style, of which we shall watch the development | pening, but is just frothiness and sentiment and
with much curiosity.
playful satire, and may well serve as a sort of
• The Rose of old St. Louis,' by Miss Mary pousse-café for the present repast of many
Dillon, is a fairly interesting historical novel, courses. It is the joint production of four
although one of the hopelessly artificial sort. writers, Mrs. Kate Douglas Wiggin, Miss Mary
Considered as history, it is a work which shows Findlater, Miss Jane Helen Findlater, and Mr.
careful study of the documentary material, and
Allan McAulay. It has four principal charac-
takes comparatively few liberties with fact.Con ters, whom fate brings together at a Dartmoor
sidered as romance, it reproduces for the hun- inn, and for each of these characters one of the
dredth time the two stock figures of dashing hero
writers is responsible. They take turns in com-
and petulant but winsome heroine. It is a story posing the several chapters of the book, all of
of matters relating to the Louisiana Purchase, which are in the first person. The humor of the
and, after getting well under way in America, thing results from the fact that every trivial
takes us to France, where the reader is invited episode is described from his individual view-
to be present at the negotiations for the Louisi- | point by each of the persons concerned, and the
ana Territory, and makes a bowing acquaintance contrasts are sometimes as startling as those of
with the First Consul and other historical charac • The Ring and the Book.' The result is a
ters. The heroine turns out to be of royal blood, sprightly and sparkling little story which may be
being a cousin of the Prince de Polignac and the read in an hour, and which will leave the reader
hapless Duc d'Enghien, but this does not prevent with a good conscience and a sense of cheerful-
her from preferring the love of a simple Ameri-
And there is an hour now and then when no
can gentleman to any pampered minion of an
reader asks of a book more than that.
effete aristocracy. It is all strangely familiar
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
as well as curiously unconvincing. But as such
romantic inventions go, the story is one of the
best of its sort.
The Effendi, 'by Mrs. Florence Brooks White-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
house, opens with a prologue descriptive of the
fall of Khartoum in 1885, and the death of Gor-
A valuable
It is not too much to say that a
don. Two children, a brother and sister of Greek guide to poems long-felt want has been in good
American parentage, are among the inhabitants
and recitations.
measure supplied by Miss Edith
who are taken captive, and it is with their later Granger's • Index to Poetry and Recitations'
fortunes that the story is concerned. When the (McClurg), a quarto volume of 970 closely printed
next scene opens, in 1897, and Kitchener's ex-
pages.
Over thirty thousand titles from three
pedition is under way, these children, trained to hundred and sixty-nine books' are here indexed
Mohammedan life, and forgetful of their early three and in some cases four times, – in a title
years, have grown up; the girl is an inmate index, an author index, an index to first lines, and
of her captor's harem, the boy a soldier, the a briefer subject index. One feature commended
Effendi of the title. The scene of the greater to our notice, but not unreservedly praiseworthy,
part of the romance is at Luxor, and three im is the fact that the 369 books drawn upon are all
portant new characters appear
an English in print, and no out-of-print collections of poetry
officer under Kitchener, a young English clergy or recitations have been laid under contribution.
man his friend, and an American girl who has Thus we fail to find many an old reading-book
known and loved the English officer years before. favorite, like Bryant's • African Chief and
Then follows a pretty series of complications, • Monument Mountain,' Mrs. Barbauld's 'Sea-
leading to disclosures of parentage and prospec sons,' J. G. Percival's · Star of Bethlehem,' and
tive weddings. The Effendi is sacrificed in the Mrs. Sigourney's ' Indian Summer.' If some of
ness.


1904.]
213
THE DIAL
and its leader.
6
the old reading-books, such as Hillard's, and Wil man, a first-class writer and poet too, – a ses
son's, and Porter's ' Rhetorical Reader,' and heures, an engineer and architect of considerable
• The National Reader' (to go no farther back) ability, besides being a scholar of repute and a
could have been included in the sources indexed, thorough statesman, without mentioning the fact
the value of the work would have been very that he speaks nine or ten languages and is one
appreciably increased for those of an older gen of the most eloquent orators of modern times.'
eration. Indeed, the space required for this The book contains practically nothing new about
might without too serious loss have been taken the life or personality of the Kaiser. In review-
from the portion devoted to prose recitations, as ing his career since his accession to the throne,
in the vast majority of cases it is the dimly we are always prepared to join cordially with his
remembered poem, not the schoolboy declamation, loyal subjects in their · Heil, Wilhelm, Dir und
that baffles our search. And if periodical litera- Segen ! Das hast Du gut gemacht '; but the ful-
ture also could have been ransacked by our indus some adulation of the present work is to be depre-
trious editor and her co-workers, – giving us a cated. It tends to weaken rather than increase
sort of Poole's Index to Poetry, with all the rest, the honest respect that his steadfastness of pur-
- what a triumph were there of the indexer's pose and his able statesmanship have inspired
assiduity! But enough. It would be base ingrat-alike in friend and foe.
itude not to welcome with hearty praise the very
scholarly and, so far as a rapid review can deter The modern Irish
In such a book as Mr. Horatio
mine, widely comprehensive and eminently trust-
literary revival Sheafe Krans's William But-
worthy index Miss Granger's two-years' work
ler Yeats and the Irish Literary
(with six assistants, and sometimes more) has Revival' (McClure, Phillips & Co.) the poet and
furnished. The magnitude of the undertaking
dramatist finds another leaf to add to his crown
will be apparent to all who have ever engaged in of bay. The work is fully appreciative of all that
similar researches.
Mr. Yeats has done in bringing home to the
English speaking and reading public the beau-
Imperator et Rex,' the latest ties and glamour of Celtic literature, after, be
ddulation of the
German Emperor.
work by the author of " The it remembered, the writers in Irish had failed
Martyrdom of an Empress,'
an Empress,' through translation to effect what his interpre-
describes the career of William II. of Germany. tations have been able to. The work is in five
It is a volume of nearly three hundred pages, chapters, the first devoted to an entertaining and
carefully printed (but for a few typographical authentic account of the Irish literary revival as
errors) and tastefully bound (Harper). This in a whole, the rest specifically to Mr. Yeats's share
praise of the book; but anything further must in it as evidenced by his ' Poems based upon Irish
depend upon the point of view and the literary Myth, Legend, and Romance,' his Poems,
taste of the reader. The author declares herself Chiefly Lyrical,' his · Plays,' and his ' Prose.
. a monarchist ready to accept, in its literal To those unfamiliar previously with the work of
interpretation, William's famous Regis voluntas this comparatively young man, the book will
suprema lex, which, however, she explains as serve as a guide to be relied upon in taking the
written in the Golden Book of the Munich City neophyte straight to the heart of the movement;
Council, in jocose compliance with the wish of to those who are already pledged and devoted to
the King of Bavaria that he enter his autograph
Mr. Yeats as a vital some say the most vital
in a book otherwise reserved for the royal line of force in contemporary English literature, the
Bavaria. Few American readers will sympathize book will appeal as an admirable appreciation of
with this view; while the author's florid and his work, done by one like-minded with them-
exaggerated style rather serves to provoke laugh- selves. But there is one aspect of the case which
ter than inspire the dread and fear of kings.' Mr. Krans does not consider – does not even hint
As an example of the style may be cited the at. Ireland through many centuries has been
description of William's first meeting with the almost the most devoted of the nations to the
Empress, whom he seems to have disturbed dur Church of Rome. So long has this continued, that
ing an afternoon nap in a hammock in the park any inventory of Irish national characteristics
at Schloss Prinkenau. The passage is nearly two and literature which does not take it into full
pages long; only the concluding lines can
be
account, is neces
cessarily lacking. Now Mr. Yeats
quoted: "The grand old trees seemed to whisper is by his own showing a believer in the undoubted
to one another, as did the tall imperial lilics, the paganism and nebulous philosophy and magic
white meadow-sweets, and the haughty peonies, which he believes have preceded all
scattered in the grass, that the sight was good to Christianity as the religion of Erin and the Irish,
behold, and here and there a little thrill of inex and this particular form of belief has been
pressible gladness seemed to ruffle like crisping unsparingly denounced by the Church and its
wavelets a field of anemones of all imaginable votaries. It must always be borne in mind, there-
changeful hues, stretching a porte de vue the silk fore, that the several episodes in the young mys-
of their shivering corollas beneath the spreading tic's work wherein the powers of black magic are
boughs.' In the summing up of the Emperor's shown in triumph over the utmost spiritual safe-
various attainments, we read that ó no one pos guards the Church throws about its children have
sessing the full use of his or her senses can deny brought upon him the final condemnation of its
that he is a splendid soldier, an equally good authorities and caused his utter repudiation as
sailor, a successful sportsman, a musician of no an interpretive force by the overwhelming major-
mean talent, an excellent painter and draughts ity of his own countrymen.
to


214
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
6
The ethics of It is no bad sign of the times between the ascertained series of facts. The
modern business that as partisan rancor disap remarkably stimulating character of the work
and public life.
pears the fame of the late Goy finds its proof in the new matter which Mr. Ellis
ernor Altgeld shines more and more clearly – has been able to add to this the fourth edition
' a good deed in a naughty world.' His life, of the book. Many of the gaps have been ade-
and his last (posthumous) work to be given to quately closed, and in none is the lack of study
the public, · The Cost of Something for Noth and research wholly apparent. The author's
ing' (Hammersmark Publishing Co.), exemplify speculations have been uniformly accorded atten-
admirably the pithy saying, ' Practice before you tion by the great body of specialists engaged on
preach.' For his life is now understood to have the topic; and while a few of these speculations
been, especially in its more public aspects, a long have been shown to be defective, a larger number
devotion to duty and to clearly conceived ideals; have been supported by the results of investiga-
and this little book is a homily on the text, tions painstakingly carried on. Some of the
• Filthy lucre is the root of all evil.' Those famil ideas, such as that of the inferior brain capacity
iar with the details of Governor Altgeld's polit of womankind, have been dismissed into the
ical career recall in this connection that, like realm of mere suppositions, — quite in the man-
Thomas Jefferson, he went into public life a rich ner of Voltaire's overthrow of the supposed fact
man and came out a poor one, – and that, too, that women had fewer teeth than men, brought
after the fully authenticated rejection of the most about by the sufficiently simple device of count-
enormous bribes ever offered a public servant. ing the teeth. What remains as established, or
It may be conceded at the outset that the book on the way to become established, can be read
contains nothing new; ethical systems have with profit by every member of both sexes who
changed little in historic time, and there is little has arrived at an understanding age, — by par-
to be said by any of the world's teachers that has ents, and by employers, especially the employers
not been said before. But there is always the of women. The scientific men and women of the
application of ancient principles to modern United States have especial cause for pride in
instances; and it is here that. The Cost of Some the part they have borne in these recent investi-
thing for Nothing' obtains distinction. Speak-
Speak- gations; and in their results, as giving Ameri-
ing from the fulness of experience, writing after cans certain physical supremacies over the rest
the sweets of power had been tried and found of the civilized world, the entire nation may take
bitter, yet animated by a steadfast belief in the delight.
ultimate goodness of humankind, the author dis-
Granted that
cusses nearly every aspect of American life,
a nobly born
america through
private, criminal, political, corporate, clerical,
Chinese diplomatist educated in
Chinese spectaclcs.
judicial, journalistic, feminine, militant, or other,
Europe and America has the
with a pointedness and shrewdness that will
usual point of view of the American bourgeois,
permit few of his readers to lay all their respon-
and that it is possible to explain in the Chinese
sibility for existing abuses upon the shoulders language the point and savor of American jests
of others. Doing this, he has unquestionably laid
of the school of Senator Depew, there is little in
himself open to a charge of pessimism; but the
As a Chinaman Saw Us' (Appleton) to refute the
appeal throughout the book is so openly an appeal
assertion made by the editor,' Mr.Henry Pearson
from what is worst to what is best in human Gratton, in his preface, that “The selections
nature, so convincingly based on the assurance
have been made from a series of letters covering
that such appeals are not made in vain, that
a decade spent in America, and were addressed
the charge must fall. Indeed, on the other hand,
to a friend in China who had seen few foreigners.'
the book displays so firm a conviction that all
The contents display something of the contempt
wrongs die ' as of self-slaughter,' that more than
which every person reared under a civilization
one of us find it almost too unreasonably optimis-
that has seen all the historic empires of the world,
tie, too bold in its assumption of acquaintance
from Egypt to Spain, pass away and leave it
with the mighty laws by which man's place in the
flourishing, must feel for American self-assertive-
universe is established. The book is compact and
ness and bustle; but they fail almost wholly in
easily read, and must take its place with the best
the expression of the deep-rooted aversion every
of those dealing with practical ethics as applied
Chinaman is known to feel for militarism, – the
to the problems of modern life.
national point of view that sets down the profes-
sional soldier or sailor on a ship-of-war as a
A new and thoroughly revised hired assassin, to be treated by him as a respect-
Scientific studies
edition of Mr. Havelock Ellis's able Christian treats a convicted murderer when
of men and 100men.
• Man and Woman' (Scribner) brought into personal contact with him. This,
serves to call attention to the great importance and the rest, suffice to make it more than doubtful
of this book, which may almost be said to lie at whether a Chinaman ever phrased any of the sen-
the foundation of a new science, that of human timents here attributed to him; nevertheless the
sex, considered separately as a branch of anthrop book has enough of truth and discrimination to
ology, archæology, physiology, and sociology. The make it a valid if not a thorough arraignment of
first edition of this work made its appearance American manners, morals, and characteristics.
just ten years ago. It was remarkable both for Represented as a diplomatist, and so given the
what it exhibited in the way of scientific achieve entrée to the · best American society, the crit-
ment within the limits laid down, and for the icism resulting must bring delight to the envious
wide gaps in knowledge which it showed to exist ones who are without the charmed portal of
6
6


1904.]
215
THE DIAL
NOTES.
• society,' and suffices to entitle the author to be
called an anarchist ' by those assailed. The
book is bright and uniformly readable.
The diary
A picture of the incorrigibility
of a child
of genius, - a picture of the
of genius.
soul of an artist, . naively un-
conscious of the limitations imposed upon life by
some of us who are not geniuses,' a record of
a life characterized by passionate irresponsibility,
such is · The Diary of a Musician' (Holt), by
Miss Dolores M. Bacon. From the grinding pov-
erty of a Hungarian farm, through his musical
training as a violinist at Prague and his introduc-
tion to the world as a public favorite, this diary
is a recognition of the unknown musician's
genius, -- the fruit of whatever was bizarre or
melodramatic in his career. His vices, quarrels,
desperate straits, ardent and sometimes simul-
taneous love-affairs, afford great resources for the
careful editor, who has reason to be grateful for
a subject that did not dwell in the realms of the
commonplace forever. There is a certain streak
of humor running through the diary, yet one feels
that each jest carries a sting. Genius is said to
be incorrigible, and many will imagine they are
here reading autobiography; perhaps they are,
– but it is autobiography which, as Coleridge
said of history, has not only been popularized
but plebificated.
>
BRIEFER MENTION.
6
An Oxford India Paper edition of Dickens's
• Christmas Books,' in five tiny volumes weighing
together less than two ounces, is announced by the
Oxford University Press.
* A Dog's Tale,' by Mark Twain, is a republica-
tion, in the form of a thin volume, of the story
recently printed in one of the popular magazines.
It comes from Messrs. Harper & Brothers.
A volume of ' Retrospects' by Professor William
Knight, made up largely of personal reminiscences
of notable English men and women of the Victorian
era, will be published at an early date by Messrs.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
An account of the "Last Hours of Sheridan's
Cavalry,' covering the operations of Sheridan and
Grant after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond,
has been written by Brig.-Gen. Henry Edwin Tre-
main, and will be published shortly by Messrs. Bon-
nell, Silver & Bowers.
The feature of chief interest in " The Printing
Art' for September is Mr. Theodore L. De Vinne's
article on The Sizes of Books,' in which he dis-
cusses the hap-hazard and conflicting terms now in
general use. It is a paper that publishers and libra-
rians would do well to ponder carefully.
Three tales by Robert Louis Stevenson The
Story of a Lie,' The Misadventures of John
Nicholson,' and · The Body Snatcher, - all hith-
erto inaccessible outside the subscription editions,
have been brought together as a new volume in
Messrs. H. B. Turner & Co.'s pretty reprint of
Stevenson's works.
Among the books on Mr. Robert Grier Cooke's
Autumn list may be mentioned · Six Incursions by
a Predatory Pew into Some Theologic Fastnesses,
by Edward Augustus Jenks, A. M.; . Captain Kidd
and Other Charades,' by Miss Florence L. Sohler;
Barclay Genealogies,' by Mr. R. Burnham Mof-
fat; and The Roosevelt Doctrine,' compiled by Mr.
E. E. Garrison.
Mr. Henry Frowde is about to publish a limited
edition, in two volumes, of an exact facsimile of
the original English edition of the · German Popu-
lar Stories ' collected by the brothers Grimm. All
the illustrations by George Cruikshank which
appeared in the First and Second Series of the
stories, issued in 1823 and 1826 respectively, will
be included, and printed from the original plates.
Under the general title of Life Stories for
Young People,' Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. will pub-
lish shortly translations from the German of the lives
of Mozart, Beethoven, Joan of Arc, and William
Tell, written in story form for juvenile readers.
The Germans excel in this sort of writing, and the
series should find hearty favor with American chil-
dren. The work of translation has been done by
Mr. George P. Upton.
For some time past there have been indications
of a marked revival of interest in Rossetti and his
work. Last Fall no less than three complete edi.
tions of the Poems were published, all produced in
more or less elaborate and expensive form. A few
months ago Mr. Benson's volume gave Rossetti
place in the select company of the English Men
of Letters' series; and we have just now had Mr.
Treffry Dunn's slender sheaf of 'Recollections of
the poet and his Cheyne Walk circle. In addition
to a reprint of “ The Early Italian Poets' in the
Temple Classics ' series, the present Autumn sea-
son will bring at least two new editions of the com-
plete Poems. One of these is in the Messrs.
Crowell's excellent inexpensive editions of the poets,
A Primer of Physiology,' by Mr. E. H. Starling,
is a recent publication of Messrs. E. P. Dutton &
Co. It has the extreme merit of being free from
the irrelevant paragraphs about the use of narcotics
which disfigure most books of its class, a fact
accounted for by its English origin.
· Machiavelli and the Modern State,' by Mr.
Louis Dyer, is a volume containing three lectures
given in 1899 at the Royal Institution. Their
respective subjects are · The Prince,' Machiavelli as
a historian, and Machiavelli as a moralist. The
numerous quotations are given in the original. The
central idea of the work is that we should judge
Machiavelli by the whole of his writings, and not,
as is so frequently done, by « The Prince alone.
The book is of much interest, and, although popu-
lar in manner, is based upon a scholarly study of
the subject. Messrs. Ginn & Co. are the publishers.
Since we noticed the first instalment of the
• Unit Books' published by Mr. Howard Wilford
Bell, we have been awaiting with interest additions
to the collection. Three such additions are now at
hand: Renan's ' Life of Jesus,' Mrs. Trollope's
· Domestic Manners of the Americans,', and an
extremely useful and well edited volume of
* National Documents.' These titles speak for
themselves; it remains for us to say of the books
that they are supplied with editorial matter of a
helpful sort, that they are very pleasant books to
handle and read, and that they are to be had at
extremely reasonable prices. This enterprise is so
praiseworthy that we wish it every success, and
trust that the rate of publication may be rapidly
accelerated. The list of titles announced for future
publication includes many works that, in this
inexpensive and tasteful form, will prove a boon
to the public.
6
6


216
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 100 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its issue of September 1.)
with the editorial matter of Mr. W. M. Rossetti.
The other is an edition de luxe in two volumes,
printed on hand-made paper and illustrated with
twenty photogravures from Rossetti's paintings.
This also will contain his brother's notes, and will
be published by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.
' A Seventeenth Century Anthology,' compiled
and edited by Mrs. Alice Meynell, is sent us by the
H. M. Caldwell Co. of Boston as a specimen volume
in their • Red Letter Library,' a successful English
series that has now found its way across the water.
The book is of pocket size, well printed on soft
paper, and prettily bound in crimson leather. The
head-lines in red ink on each page give a distinctive
touch, and presumably provide the basis for the
name of the series. Twenty volumes are
ready, nearly half of which consist of Mrs. Mey-
nell's selections from the poets. The other titles
have introductions by critics of such note as Mr.
Meredith, Professor Harrison, and Canon Beeching.
now
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1904.
American Books in England. World's Work.
Calendar, Reform of the. C. H. Genung. NO. American.
Campaign Issues. S. W. McCall, E. M. Shepard. Atlantic.
Canada's New Transcontinental Railway. No. American.
Changing One's Nature. E. T. B Atlantic.
Chemistry as Modern Industrial Factor. Rev. of Revs.
China, What People Read in. Review of Reviews.
Closed Shop, The. Charles J. Bullock. Atlantic.
Congo Free State Conditions. Baron Moncheur. No. Amer.
Cossacks, The. David B. Macgowan. Century.
Czarism at Bay. Karl Blind. No. American.
Forestry, Yale Summer School of. World's Work.
Freight Car, A Night in a. H. C. Merwin. Atlantic.
Frontenac. Henry Loomis Nelson. Harper.
Geographers, Congress of. C. C. Adams. Rev. of Revs.
Ground, Inoculating the. G. H. Grosvenor. Century.
Intelligence Office, The. Frances A. Kellor. Atlantic.
Italian, The, in the United States. World's Work.
James, Henry. Elisabeth L. Cary. Scribner.
Japanese Spirit, The. N. Amenomori. Atlantic.
Jewett, Miss, Art of. C. M. Thompson. Atlantic,
Kuropatkin. Charles Johnston. Review of Reviews.
Lewis and Clark, New Material Concerning. Century.
Life Insurance, Great Questions in. World's Work.
Life, School of. Henry van Dyke. Harper.
Literature in New Century. Brander Matthews. NO. Am.
Literary Critic, Mission of. G. Bradford, Jr. Atlantic
Machinery and English Style, R. L. O'Brien. Atlantic.
Manchuria, Fighting in. T. F. Millard. Scribner.
Marshes. Lucy Scarborough Conant. Harper.
Mont St. Michel. Elizabeth P. Pennell. Century.
Moulders, The. Benjamin Brooks. Scribner.
Nile, On the. G. S. H. and R. de P. Tytus. Harper.
Nogi, Admiral. Shiba Shiro. Review of Reveiws.
Occupations, Masculine and Feminine. North American.
Othello. Algernon C. Swinburne. Harper.
Races, Modern, Making of. P. C. Mitchell. No. Amer.
Railroad, Rebuilding a Great. World's Work.
Railroad, The First Transcontinental. Harper.
Railway, Steepest, in the World. Reveiw of Reviews.
Royal Academy, The. Fred. A. Eaton. Scribner.
South, The Present.' Booker T. Washington. Atlantic.
Strikes, The Year's. V. S. Yarros. Review of Rerieus.
Thames, The. Alice Meynell. Atlantic.
Toga, Admiral. Adachi Kinnosuke. Century.
Trusts, Real Dangers of. J. B. Clark. Century
Tsar, Personality of the. World's Work.
Tuberculosis, Our Duty Regarding. World's Work.
Universe, Extent of the. Simon Newcomb. Harper.
Vacation Schools. Adele M. Shaw. World's Work.
Vilas of Venetia and Genoa. Edith Wharton. Century.
War, Reminiscences of. Carmen Sylva. No. American.
Watson, Thomas E. Walter Wellman. Rev. of Reviews.
West, Higher Education in. W. R. Harper. No. Amer.
World, The Opened. Arthur J. Brown. Rev. of Reviews.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
EMILE ZOLA, Novelist and Reformer : An Account of His
Life and Work. By Ernest Alfred Vizetelly. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 560. John Lane. $3.50 net.
LIFE AND LETTERS OF EDWARD BYLES COWELL. By George
Cowell, F.R.C.S. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large
8vo, uncut, pp. 480. Macmillan Co. $4. net.
RECOLLECTIONS OF DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI and his
Circle (Cheyne Walk Life). By the late Henry Tref-
fry Dunn ; edited by Gale Pedrick; with prefatory
note by W. M. Rossetti. Illus. in photogravure, etc.,
12mo, uncut, pp. 96. James Pott & Co. $1. net.
THE GREAT FRENCHMAN AND THE LITTLE GENEVESE.
Trans. from Etienne Dumont's “ Souvenir sur Mira-
beau by Lady Seymour, With portraits, large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 275. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.50 net.
IMPERATOR ET REX: William II. of Germany. By the
author of “The Martyrdom of an Empress." Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 282. Harper & Brothers.
$2.25 net.
TITIAN. By George Grunau. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 322.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
MEMORIES OF JANE CUNNINGHAM CROLY (“ Jennie June").
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 233. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.50 net.
HISTORY.
MEN AND MANNERS OF THE THIRI REPUBLIC. By Albert
D. Vandam. Illus., large Svo, uncut, pp. 310. James
Pott & Co. $3. net.
THE SOUTH AMERICAN REPUBLICS. By Thomas C. Daw-
son. Part II. Illus., 12mo, pp. 513. “ Story of the
Nations.' G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
NAPOLEON'S BRITISH VISITORS AND CAPTIVES, 1801-1815.
By John Goldworth Alger. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 342.
James Pott & Co. $2.50 net.
EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben
Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Vol. VI., Brackenridge's Jour-
nal up the Missouri, 1811, and Franchère's Voyage to
Northwest Coast, 1811-1814. Illus., large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 410. Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 1493-1898. Edited by Emma
Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson ; with
historical Introduction and additional Notes by Ed-
ward Gaylord Bourne. Vol. XVII., 1609-1616. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 337. Cleveland: Ar-
thur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
THE GREAT AMERICAN CANALS. By Archer Butler Hul-
bert. Vol. I., The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and
the Pennsylvania Canal. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 231.
“ Historic Highways." Arthur H. Clark
Co. $2.50 net.
A SHORT HISTORY OF OREGON. Compiled by Sidona V.
Johnson. Illus., 16mo, pp. 329. A. C. McClurg &
Co.
$1. net.
THE HISTORIC GENERAL": A Thrilling Episode of the
Civil War. By Randell W. McBryde. Illus., 12mo,
Chattanooga: MacGowan & Cooke Co.
pp. 55.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD
LITERATURE.
THE LETTERS OF CHARLES LAMB. Newly arranged, with
additions. Edited by Alfred Ainger. In 2 vols.,
12mo, uncut. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
THE DE MONARCHIA OF DANTE ALIGHIERI. Edited, with
translation and notes, by Aurelia Henry. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 216. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25
net.
THE STORY OF A LIE, and Other Tales. By Robert Louis
Stevenson. With photogravure portrait and vignette,
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 276. Herbert B. Turner
& Co. $1.25.
DOMESTIC MANNERS OF THE AMERICANS. By Mrs. Trol-
lope. 12mo, pp. 394. Unit Library." New York :
Howard Wilford Beil. Paper, 34 cts. ; cloth, 64 cts. ;
leather, 84 cts. ; net.
THE STUDY OF WORLS. By Richard Chenevix Trench.
12mo, pp. 312. “ Unit Library.". New York: How-
ard Wilford Bell. Paper, 26 cts.; cloth, 56 cts.;
leather, 76 cts. ; net.
NATIONAL DOCUMENTS : State Papers So Arranged as to
Illustrate the Growth of Our Country from 1606 to
the Present Day. 12mo, pp. 496. * Unit Library."
New York: Howard Wilford Bell. Paper, 42 cts. ;
cloth, 72 cts. ; leather, 92 cts. ; net,


1904.)
217
THE DIAL
LIFE OF JESUS. By Ernest Renan. 12mo, pp. 444. Unit
Library." New York: Howard Wilford Bell. Paper,
38 cts.; cloth, 68 cts. ; leather, 88 cts. ; net.
SHAKESPEARE'S MACBETH. “First Folio” edition. Edited
by Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke. With pho-
togravure portrait, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 284.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cts. net.
THE RED WINDOW. By Fergus Hume. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, pp. 318. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25.
* SEQUIL" ; or, Things Whitch Aint in the First. By
Henry A. Shute. 16mo, uncut, pp. 189. Boston:
Everett Press. $1.
A PIONEER DOCTOR : A Story of the Seventies. By Eliza-
beth Porter Gould. 12mo, uncut, pp. 270. Richard
G. Badger. $1.50.
THE ENTERING WEDGE: A Romance of the Heroic Days
of Kansas. By William Kennedy Marshall. 12mo,
pp. 274. Jennings & Graham. $1.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
JOCRNALISM AND LITERATURE, and Other Essays. By H.
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THE DIAL
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3
THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL
LITERATURE
II.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 ) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
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on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER,
No. 440.
OCTOBER 16, 1904. Vol. XXXVII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE-II. 225
FILIPINO SONGS AND MUSIC.
Riggs
Arthur Stanley
.227
THE CONWAY AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
Bicknell.
Percy F.
229
A
NOTABLE SCIENTIFIC
Charles Atwood Kofoid
EXPEDITION.
231
THE HERO OF A LOST CAUSE.
Wallace Rice 233
Continuing from our last issue the summar-
ies of the 'Athenæum' annual reports upon the
literature of the past year in the chief countries
of the Continent, we now present our readers
with condensations of the articles written from
Holland by Mr. H. S. M. Crommelin, from
Hungary by Miss Rosika Schwimmer, from
Italy by Dr. Guido Biagi, from Poland by Dr.
Belcikowski, from Russia by Mr. Briusov, and
from Spain by Don Rafael Altamira. We
regret to note that Greece, Norway, and Sweden
are missing from the reports of the present
series.
Mr. van Wickevoort Crommelin finds a
marked socialistic tendency in recent Dutch
literature. Mr. Gorter, the poet-leader in this
movement, 'has produced a new volume of
verses which are all but a glorification of social-
ism.' In prose fiction, this tendency finds many
illustrations. Mr. Quérido's 'Human Woe' is
a 'tale of the sufferings of poor labourers and
gardeners who live in filth and misery;' Mr.
Heyerman’s ‘Diamantstad' deals with a strike
of diamond-workers; Mr. J. Steynen, in his
• Proletariërs,' depicts the lives of people eat-
ing just enough not to starve;' Mr. J. Everts,
in 'Klein Leven,' dwells on the life of the
unemployed, of peasants, and on low life gen-
erally; and Mr. van Hulsen has begun a series
of novels 'in which he is going to depict the
lives of the outcasts of society. This seems a
rather depressing programme for a year's lit-
erary output, but it is relieved by mention of a
few works that belong to other categories.
Among these may be named 'Jacoba van Bei-
eren,' a poem by Mr. Albert Verwey, which
takes us back to the middle ages; Mr. L. H. A.
Drabbe's 'Ernst Gronins,' the story of a high-
school boy, and one of the best novels of the
year; the weird God en Goden' of Mr. Louis
Couperus, in which the author seems to have
soared too near the sun,' with the traditional
consequences; and Dr. Frederik van Eeden's
· The Happy World,' in which we find Tols-
toy's self-denial and William Morris's skill
combined with the far-sightedness of a psychol-
ogist of great experience and of a
man who
himself puts his prescriptions into practice.'
A number of works reported in this paper have
already been spoken of as included in Professor
Frédericq's account of Belgian literature.
PARTISAN HISTORY. John J. Halsey
235
THROUGH THE EYES OF A BOY. Sara Andrew
Shafer
237
.
SOCIAL THEORY AND PRACTICE. Charles R.
Henderson
238
Tarde's The Laws of Imitation. - Wallis's An
Examination of Society. - Franklin's The Social-
ization of Humanity. — Coleman's Social Ethics. –
Mrs. Gilman's Human Work. — Loch's Methods
of Social Advance. - Roberts's Anthracite Coal
Communities.
.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
240
Newman as writer and ecclesiastic. — The pains
and pleasures of office-seeking. — A parson friend
of the Duke of Wellington. – Recollections of
Rossetti, by a Friend. — Bits from the Memoirs
of a Marquise. -- Personalia and politics of the
Third Republic.
NOTES
243
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
243


226
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Miss Rosika Schwimmer writes from Hun drama, 'La Figlia di Jorio,' is the one unques-
gary and compares the literature of the past tioned masterpiece of the year, and its great
year to 'a pretty piece of mosaic composed of success makes comment unnecessary. The poet
tiny stones, more or less brightly coloured.' The has also produced another volume of his
place of honor is given to Jokai's last romance, Laudi,' 'in which are displayed the highest
Where Money Is Not Everything, which is qualities of his genius, which ever aspires after
described as a fantastic story, displaying many new creations, and moulds them in verse.' The
of the brilliant qualities of our prince of remaining poetry of the year includes Signora
romancers, who has died at a ripe old age Negri's Maternita,' and Signor Luigi Orsini's
indeed, and yet all too prematurely, for he has 'Dall'Alba al Tramonto' and 'Il Carme di
taken with him to the grave the plans for many Romagna.' A certain ‘Giulio Orsini' has also
a book that he might have written.' Other come forward with 'Fra Terra ed Astri,' a vol-
fiction includes Cloudy Problems, a novel of ume of verses acclaimed by all as a revelation.'
the woman question by the political writer, Mr. It turned out, after the excitement was well
Gustav Beksics; “Tarján Dénes,' a story of the under way, that the new poet was no youthful
Faubourg St. Leopold in Budapest, by Mr. singer, but the veteran Signor Domenico
Dezső Balázs; ‘Fruitless Struggles,' by Mr. Gnoli, 'a white-bearded bard of sixty-five sum-
Paul Wolfner; and The Outcasts,' by Mr. mers. The theatrical productions of the year
Jenö Heltai, which describes in a very modern count as the most noteworthy Signor Oriani's
fashion how one may be redeemed from the tragedy, “L'Invincible,' Signor Butti’s ‘Gi-
moral degradation of cheating at play. In ganti e Pigmei,' and Signor Bracco’s ‘Mater-
poetry, Miss
Renée Erdös has produced nità,' in which a woman, in order to free her-
Woman and Her Companion,' which has self from her husband, accuses herself of hav-
almost nothing to commend it save the sonorous ing a lover.' Nothing of particular significance
beauty of its language, and the lyric romance, in fiction seems to have appeared: a few ran-
'Cleopatra,' which is a gem of its kind.' The dom titles are “Gli Ammonitori,' a romance
greatest dramatic triumph of the year has | á la Gorki, by Signor Cena; “Nella Vita,' by
been achieved by the ‘ Darkness of Mr. Max Signor Salvatore di Giacomo; Una Passione,
Rothauser, a play aimed at the absurdities of by Signor Neera; and 'Il Cavallo di Troja,' by
dueling. Mr. Zoltan Bosnyák’s ‘Sursum Corda Signor Ugo Ojetti. Apart from these belletris-
is an event, 'not only because a high State offi tic categories, we find few books deserving to be
cial has here brought upon the conservative singled out; among these few may be men-
stage of the National Theatre the “Marseil tioned Signor Pompeo Molmenti's work on
laise' and the ‘Kol-Nidré '— a synagogal chant * Venetian Art, Signor Achille Loria’s ‘ Verso
of the Jews — side by side, but also because it la Giustizia Sociale,' Signor Giovanni Venos-
expresses a distinctly socialistic idea.' "The ta's Ricordi di Gioventù,' and Senator Pier
King's Bride,' by Mr. Imre Földes, is the work Desiderio's “Gli Anni Secolari,' in which the
of a boy of twenty, who has won four academic author,
prizes within the last three years. Mr. Franz *As in an historical vision, has attempted to pass
Herczeg's “Byzantium, a tragedy of deca in review the bygone centuries, and has done it with
a profound knowledge of the character of each age,
dence, is a magnificent composition, vigorously
and in a critical spirit, caustic and highly original,
drawn and richly coloured, and will retain a that give to these pages a peculiar attractiveness.'
permanent place on our stage. The most impor- The recently published Epistolario’ of Giu-
tant work in general literature appears to be
seppe Giusti presents the poet in a new and
Mr. Karl Eötvös's history of the superstition
more life-like light than heretofore. The
regarding ritual murders by the Jews. It is a
Petrarch. celebration has called forth much
three-volume work, entitled The Great Law-
interesting matter relating to the first of the
suit That Has Lasted a Thousand Years, and
great humanists.
Is Not Finished Yet.'
Three works in Polish literature are singled
Dr. Biagi's Italian contribution is almost out from the mass by Dr. Belcikowski, and
impossible to summarize, for the reason that it these alone we will mention. One of them is
is little more than a swollen catalogue of names Mr. J. Zulawski's play, Eros and Psyche,' 'a
and titles. “I have chosen,' he says, 'to inves kind of epic in dialogue distinguished
tigate and analyze the whole bibliographical by excellent versification. The two others are
production of this year, compiling long notes novels : Ashes,' by Mr. S. Zeromski, and The
of names and titles, for fear that there might Peasants,' by Mr. W. Raymont. The action of
escape my view some volume worthy of notice.' ' Ashes' passes in the period which begins with
He has done this so relentlessly as almost to for the last partition of Poland and closes with the
bid selection on our part. Signor d'Annunzio's fall of Napoleon - the so-called Epoch of the


1904.]
227
THE DIAL
6
6
Legions.' In The Peasants’ the descrip-
FILIPINO SONGS AND MUSIC.
tions of natural scenery are of extraordinary
beauty, the manners and customs of the village
No,' said the old Filipina sadly,' the Ameri-
folk are picturesquely and charmingly sketched, cano ladies do not care for music. They are not
and from this background emerge the figures of like the Spanish or Filipino ladies.' And she
lifelike men and women, who undoubtedly
shook her head again, still more dolefully, and
reflect the character of the Polish peasant more
walked off to another part of the little music-
truthfully than any of our former romances of
store on Calle Carriedo.
this class have succeeded in doing.'
It was something to think about, this strange
announcement from a woman of what is popu-
In Russia, according to Mr. Briusov, the
larly supposed to be one of the most musical
most important publication of the year is 'The
races in the world to-day; and on investigation
Life of Vasilii Febéicki, a tale by Mr. Leonide
the answer proved to be as simple as the old
Andréev. This is the history of a poor village native woman's belief in her statement. The
priest, who sees around him only misery, and truth of the matter is that the Filipinos, whether
who is himself destined to experience all forms
they be cultured Visayan or savage Bagobo,
of human unhappiness. Mr. Merezhkovski has
Tinguian or Igorrote dog-eater, have a keenly
begun the publication of Peter and Alexis,
developed sense of metre and rhythm, a quick
which is the third division of his great trilogy, harmony. Beyond that, the Filipino does not
ear, and small regard for such a minor thing as
Christ and Antichrist,' already widely known
amount to much in a musical way, though he
to English readers. Two small tales by Count has a traditive music that is worthy of passing
Tolstoy are chronicled, as also unimportant notice.
stories by Mr. Chekhov, Mr. Boborykine, Mr. Away back in the latter part of the sixteenth
Korolenko, and “Gorki.' Professor K. Bal century, when the valiant knights and priests
mont, who is called the most conspicuous of of old Spain came to the newly acquired archi-
contemporary Russian poets,' has published two pelago, they found a sort of lyric drama which
collections of verse, . Let Us Be Like the Sun,'
interested their scholars greatly, and many a
and Only Love.' Mr. Chekhov's 'The Cherry
portly and comfortable Spanish tome, now yellow
Garden' is the only noteworthy play of the
and full of the traces of the Philippine book-
worm, lies at peace on monastery shelves in
year. It gives a series of pictures of the life of
Manila, ready to tell the inquirer, in its quaint
the Russian squirearchy painted in a masterly ancient speech, of what musical conditions were
way and of types drawn straight from nature. at that early stage in the history of the now
A great many other books are mentioned, but famous islands. Parchment after parchment is
it would be invidious to select from them. The to be found among the priceless archives of the
death of Chekhov this summer has been the Augustinian and other religious monastic orders,
greatest of literary losses. The war has nat giving details of poem and song and chant. Full
urally retarded literary activities, and, strange
of interest are these old stories, some of them
with over three hundred years of dust and mil-
to say, has produced little or no valuable special
dew upon them, others written in comparatively
literature of its own.
recent years, and still full of fire. All of them
Don Rafael Altamerà writes, as usual, a agree upon one point only,- that among the
lengthy review of Spanish literature, but it is natives of that day there were many who made
little more than a catalogue, and presents but excellent choristers and wrote very acceptable.
few items which seem to us deserving of repro-
music and songs under the direction and supervi-
duction. The new play of Señor Echegaray,
sion of the Spanish friars who had the advantage
'La Desequilibrada,' was not a success, but the
of a musical training. Beyond that, most of the
manuscripts differ widely in their estimates of
two new plays of Señor Galdós, Mariucha'
and “El . Abuelo', were enthusiastically ap-
the work of the natives; and while most of
them declare pointedly that there was no writ-
plauded by the public. The former deals with
ten music of any kind whatsoever, others are
the value of the will to work in life, while it silent on this point, and still others are so
censures the thirst for luxury and for ostenta expressed as to leave the matter suppositional,
tious display’; the latter presents firmly the with perhaps a hint of something that has not
psychological problem of family honour and been found.
the rigid conception of legitimate birth.' Señor When Delgado, the old historian, wrote his
Galdós has also achieved success with his famous Philippine history, he made a strong
romance of “The Revolution of July,' a new
argument in favor of the destruction of the old
volume in his “Episodios Nacionales. These
native books by the priests, because the people
are the works of chief interest in Spanish
needed to be evangelized, and the best way to do
it was to eradicate any of their old heathen prac-
belles lettres, and space is lacking for us to
tices that might still exist, by burning up their
enumerate the important works in other depart books. Accordingly, the priests throughout the
ments of literature.
islands gathered together all the old books they


228
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
are
could lay their hands on and piled them up in This address to the guardian spirit of the tree had
the great square in the centre of each pueblo or to be made before the cutting was done, as, accord-
town, and burned them to ashes. These books, ing to the vulgar Ilocano belief, says Reyes,
it may be said incidentally, were made in a the .anitos' or 'mangmangkik' easily
most curious manner. The material was a sort offended, have the power of vengeance to a
of dried palm-leaf, prepared so as to be solid great degree, and can afflict their human enemies
and enduring without being brittle, and to a with very grave infirmities if the latter trans-
great extent resembling the Egyptian papyrus. gress. Based on this song and superstition is a
The writing was done while, the leaves were still story, written for the last Filipino exposition in
soft and flexible, with a sharp stylus, and the Madrid, in which there appears to the hero of the
leaves were pasted together, furnished with tale a 'mangmangkik' in human shape, when the
wooden or bark covers, and the whole put away former was attempting to cut down a tree with-
to dry. As the friars have left no very clear out having first appeased the demigod.
accounts of these early manuscripts (for such Other songs are sung to this day among the
they were), we are at a loss to know just how natives of Leyte, Samar, Mindoro, and others of
much of them was religious, how much musical, the islands in the Visayan section of the archi-
legal, or historical; but the best authorities on pelago, and relate, to a certain extent, as in the
Philippine matters of ancient times agree that days of Colin, the 'vain deeds of the old gods,
the zeal of the priests was a mistake of the mixed with curious references to semi-European
greatest importance to the musical and literary lords and chiefs, and the whole twisted into a
world, as those quaint volumes - which opened fantastic sort of appeal to the particular god
like a fan, the right edge of one leaf being whose domain the singer is traversing at the
attached to the left of its fellow,-may have con-
In Mindanao, the Moros, Bagobos, and
tained data, or notes at least, which would have others, have a sort of war-chant which they use
been of the utmost use in solving several of the to screw their courage up to the sticking-point;
problems which beset the ethnographer in his while in the farther islands priests of the various
work to-day.
orders have discovered some other curious and
Some of the old accounts are amusing in their interesting relics of the age of rhythm, which has
religious fervor and seriousness; and one old not yet entirely disappeared.
friar, the celebrated Padre Colín, a Jesuit scholar, In their modern music, the Filipinos are not
wrote: “All that they have is founded on tradi particularly happy in conception or execution.
tion, handed down from father to son, conserved Their music is either a hodge-podge of stealings,
by its use, and in certain songs, which they jerky or uncertain in time, without solid motive,
hold only in memory, and repeat in their naviga and lacking in originality, or else it is a simply
tion, to the sweep of the oar, and in their merry rhythmic production, a series of semi-harmonic
makings, fiestas, mortuary services, and even in and almost distinct musical stanzas, connected,
their labors, when they come much together. like the parts of a medley, by excuses. As for
In these songs they recount the fabulous genealo their execution of what is good, the writer has
gies and vain deeds of their gods.' One of seen time after time in the best theatre in Manila,
the songs most liked by the natives is the famous conversation going on steadily between various
Lam-ang, which has survived to the present. members of the orchestra during a piece; some
Another very curious song, whose shortness is of the players would work with their eyes shut,
puzzling, considering the characteristics of the
and dreamily scrape away, a cigarette tucked
natives, is to be found up in the northern part behind a convenient ear ready for instant use,
of Luzon, in the Ilocos provinces, particularly in and a generally bored expression indicating lassi-
North Ilocos. This old song is addressed to the tude and a desire to get out,—though that same
'mangmangkik' or 'anitos' of the trees.
An band will parade all over town and play eighteen
'anito' is a sort of reincarnate spirit of some hours at a stretch the night before Christmas or
dead ancestor, and his habitat is fixed according New Year's, passing the begging hat steadily
to whatever the need may be in the spirit world at to sleepy, angry citizens in bed.
the time he becomes a spirit. Some' mangmang-
ARTHUR STANLEY Riggs.
kik' are declared to be in charge of the forests,
and must be propitiated by the woodsmen before
cutting any timber, so the custom is to chant or The 'Histoire de la Littérature Grecque' of the
intone the following. I give both the Ilocano MM. Croiset has been for many years a work of
dialect, and its practical equivalent in English: favorable repute, and the abridgement of the com-
Bari, barſ!
plete work, published in 1890, has also won much
Dika aguñget part
deserved praise for trustworthy scholarship and
Ta pumukan kami
agreeable manner of presentation. This abridgment
Iti pabakirda kadakamí.
is now translated by Professor George F. Heffel-
In English there is no possible translation for
bower, and published by the Macmillan Co. “An
Barí, Barí, which is an Ilocano interjection in
Abridged History of Greek Literature,' as now at
hand, is a large volume of between five and six
common use in such compositions. The rest of
hundred pages, and makes an important addition to
the stanza goes:
our resources for the popular study of its subject.
Barí, barſ!
'The translator has taken certain liberties with his
Annoy us not, godfather (friend),
text (a course which he defends in his preface),
For we cut only that which
and has recast the system of foot-notes with refer-
They command us.
ence to the needs of English readers.


1904.)
229
THE DIAL
>
our lives
At Emerson's house and among Emerson's
The New Books.
Concord friends the young divinity student
spent many delightful hours, the record of
which will be to not a few readers the best part
THE CONWAY AUTOBIOGRAPHY."
of the "Autobiography. From the fresh
Dr. Holmes once said to a friend, “You and glimpses it gives of the New England immor-
I have spent many of the best years
of
tals must be taken this delightful bit of conver-
merely clearing theological rubbish out of our
sation between Agassiz and Alcott:
paths.' That friend's autobiography, which is “There was at Concord a course of lectures every
about to be published, is the record of this clear-
year, one of which was given by Agassiz. His com-
ing was an important event. He was always a guest
ing-away of theological and other rubbish,-a
of the Emersons, where the literary people of the
labor that every earnest soul is bound to under village were able to meet him. On one such occa-
take in the effort to find itself. That the record sion I remember listening to a curious conversa-
in the present instance is well worth the read-
tion between Agassiz and A. Bronson Alcott, - who
lived and moved in a waking dream. After delight-
ing, no one at all familiar with Mr. Moncure D.
ing Agassiz by repudiating the theory of the
Conway's life and writings will for a moment development of man from animals, he filled the pro-
doubt. Belonging to a Methodist slave-holding fessor with dismay by equally decrying the idea
family of Virginia, he had to encounter bitter
that God could ever have created ferocious and poi-
sonous beasts. When Agassiz asked who could have
opposition from those nearest and dearest to
created them, Alcott said they were the various
him before he succeeded in shaking off the tram forms of human sin. Man was the first being
mels that fettered his freedom of growth.
created. And the horrible creatures were originated
After graduating at a very early age from
by his lusts and animalisms. When Agassiz, bewil-
Dickinson College, he essayed journalism with
dered, urged that geology proved that the animals
existed before man, Alcott suggested that man
considerable success, and then rode the circuit might have originated them before his appearance
two years as a Methodist preacher. Then, not in his present form. Agassiz having given a signal
yet twenty-one years old and still groping for of distress, Emerson came to the rescue with some
light, the versatile youth severed his church and
reconciling discourse on the development of life
and thought, with which the professor had to be
family ties and made his way to Cambridge, content.
where he entered the Harvard Divinity School.
Mr. Conway's father, a well-to-do manufac-
It was Emerson's writings that had opened his
turer, could not conscientiously give his son
eyes to the spiritual realities, and to him he had
either moral or pecuniary support in a course
written confessing his doubtings and question-
that seemed to him so full of error, and the
ings. An answer came, sage and sympathetic,
young man
admirable for its wise restraint and careful
was consequently straitened for
means and somewhat dependent on northern
handling of delicate matters. The closing para-
friends and sympathizers. A letter from the
graph is as follows:
father to his son when the latter was called in
'I am interested by your kind interest in my writ-
1854 to his first parish, the Unitarian church
ings, but you have not let me sufficiently into your
own habit of thought, to enable me to speak to it
in Washington, will convey an idea of the oppo-
with much precision. But I believe what interests sition the young clergyman had to withstand
both you and me most of all things, and whether we from those whose unsympathetic attitude must
know it or not, is the morals of intellect; in other have caused him the deepest anguish.
words, that no man is worth his room in the world
who is not commanded by a legitimate object of
"You say in your last it is strange that you “meet
with intolerance nowhere but at home.
thought. The earth is full of frivolous people, who
had but a small amount of that best of all sense —
are bending their whole force and the force of
- it would not seem at all strange
nations on trifles, and these are baptized with every
that such should be the fact. I should treat all
grand and holy name, remaining, of course, totally
inadequate to occupy any mind; and so sceptics are
young men similarly situated just as you are treated
made. A true soul will disdain to be moved except
by others — but their parents and best friends would
by what natively commands it, though it should
probably do towards them just as your parents and
friends do towards you.
go sad and solitary in search of its master a thou-
A single moment's reflec-
tion would teach any common-sense person the rea-
sand years. The few superior persons in each com-
sonable propriety of
But having
munity are so by their steadiness to reality and
exhausted all our rational effort, we hand you over
their neglect of appearances. This is the euphrasy
and rue that purge the intellect and ensure insight.
to the mercy of God, through our Lord and Saviour
Its full rewards are slow but sure; and yet think
Jesus Christ, and pray most earnestly that the ever-
blessed Spirit may guide you aright. If you make
it has its reward on the instant, inasmuch as sim-
plicity and grandeur are always better than dap-
shipwreck in this life and the next, you must not
perness. But I will not spin out these saws farther,
only wade through the precious blood of Christ and
but hasten to thank you for your frank and friendly
do despite to the Spirit of His grace—but your
letter, and to wish you the best deliverance in that
father's prayers, so long as his life lasts, will be
thrown in the way also.'
.contest to which every soul must go alone.'
The Washington pastorate was a short one.
* AUTOBIOGRAPHY, MEMORIES, EXPERIENCES
MONCURE DANIEL CONWAY. In two volumes. Illustrated. To the young minister, a recent convert from
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
pro-slavery sentiments, the wrongs of the negro
If you
common sense
***
our
course.
AND
OF


230
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
tre.
ܙܙ
seemed to be the cause most urgently demand dedicated a volume to me as the first who had ever
ing his championship; and because he refused uttered from a pulpit any word favorable to Paine.'
to exclude the subject from his sermons he was Another interesting episode of the Cincinnati
dismissed from his pulpit after a two-years' | pastorate has to do with the brief but honorable
occupancy. But a call to Cincinnati very soon life-history of the ‘Dial,' a monthly magazine
followed, and there he enjoyed greater freedom of the highest class, which lived just one year,
of speech. Not on slavery alone did he pro the twelve months of 1860. The founder and
nounce himself with emphasis, but on all sub editor thus tells the story of its origin:
jects that seemed to him profitable for discus 'My theological and philosophical heresies re-
sion. Thus it was that he became the defender ported in the Ohio journals excited discussion far
and near.
of the stage at a time when, and in a com-
The papers teemed with controversial
letters, and a magazine became inevitable. Its first
munity where, all ministers of religion were
number appeared in January, 1860, bearing the
expected to use their influence against the thea title: "The Dial: a monthly magazine for litera-
ture, philosophy and religion. M. D. Conway, Edi.
'Regarding that institution as one of the most
tor. Horas non numero nisi serenas. Cincinnati:
important for the culture of the community, I gave
Office, No. 76 West 3rd Street. 1860.' At the end
a discourse on this subject (June 7, 1857), compar-
of my prefatory word it was said: "The Dial
ing the clerical enemies of the theatre to Jonah
stands before you, the reader, a legitimation of the
demanding the destruction of Nineveh. The subject
Spirit of the Age, which aspires to be free: free
of my discourse having been as usual announced in thought, doubt, utterance, love and knowledge.
in the papers, a large audience came; it was said
It is, in our minds, symbolized not so much by the
that every actor and manager was present. The
sun-clock in the yard, as by the floral dial of Lin-
discourse was published in pamphlet form and
naeus, which recorded the advancing day by the
widely circulated. I became thenceforth a sort of opening of some flowers and the closing of others:
chaplain to the actors, conducting their marriages
it would report the Day of God as recorded in the
and funerals, and whenever I attended any theatre
unfolding of higher life and thought, and the clos-
I was invited into a private box. ... But the ing up of old superstitions and evils: it would be a
most important response received was a letter from Dial measuring time by growth.”)
my mother stating that the pamphlet on the theatre The magazine was well received, had a large
had been read aloud in the family by my father,
subscription list, and numbered among its con-
who on closing it said, “I am not prepared to
object to one word in it." ,
tributors Emerson, 0. B. Frothingham, Mr.
Even as early as 1860 Mr. Conway's interest
Howells, and other writers of note. A cordial
in Thomas Paine, whose biography he was to
greeting to the new paper was extended,
write and whose works he was to edit many
anonymously, by Mr. Howells in the Ohio
years later, was an absorbing one. In a small
State Journal' of Columbus; and this led to a
society of so-called infidels in Cincinnati he
literary and personal friendship between the
heard enthusiastic eulogies of Paine and lis-
two young men of letters, the details of which
tened to the exposure of the traditional calum-
furnish some very pleasant reading. But the
nies that had long made him an object of abhor-
temper of the times—the stormy days of 1860-
rence to the devout; and in these flagrant mis-
61–proved unfavorable to the continuation of
the paper, and thus ended the brief course of
representations the young free-thinker believed
the second of the three ‘Dials' that figure in
he discovered a recrudescence of the old folk-
lore about the Wandering Jew and about Faust.
our literary annals.
He was reminded of the saying that 'towers
In the summer of 1862 Mr. Conway accepted
may be measured by the shadows they cast.
the offered editorship of the Commonwealth,'
Surely, he said to himself, this man must have
a paper about to be started in Boston in the
been a very Leviathan of free-thought; and he
interest of immediate emancipation of the
began to study his life and works. The imme-
negro. He made his home in Concord, largely
influenced, one cannot but surmise, by the pros-
diate result of these researches was an announce-
ment
pect of being near Emerson, after whom he had
named a son.
"That on Paine's birthday, Jan. 29, 1860, the subject
Of the appearance of this anti-
of my sermon would be Thomas Paine. The church slavery paper he says:
was crowded. I had feared that my pleading for “The “Commonwealth” began with September,
Paine might excite some opposition in my congrega 1862. Frank B. Sanborn was associated with me
tion, or at least some remonstrance on my impru in editing it. We were friends at Harvard, and
dence; but instead of that I received next day a he was the only student there who held Emerson
request to publish my discourse. It was signed by in a reverence equal to my own. After graduation
many eminent and wealthy citizens, some of whom he had settled at Concord and we were in constant
did not belong to my congregation; their letter and communication. We had a vigorous antislavery
names were printed as the preface of the sermon, governor of Massachusetts, John A. Andrew, who
which bore the title: "Thomas Paine. A Celebra had protested against the use of soldiers from his
From that time the freethinkers frequented State to return fugitive slaves. The "Common-
my church, and I arranged that there should be wealth” was recognized as a sort of organ of the
each week an evening of discussion with them. I Commonwealth of Massachusetts in its relation to
had gained their goodwill, and Moreau, a leading the national crisis. There was no rivalry nor fric-
writer of their faith,- for it was fervent faith, - tion between our paper and the “Liberator." That
E
tion."


1904.)
231
THE DIAL
paper was edited by Mr. Garrison with great inimitable. And all the time the man was dying.
vigour, but he recognized clearly the advantage of Never was American in London so beloved.
starting the new journal. Sanborn and I were often When it was learned that the most delightful of
in consultation with him and Wendell Phillips.' men was wasting away under rapid consumption
In the spring of 1863 Mr. Conway went to
even while he was charming us, the grief was inex-
England, his mission being to enlist English
pressible.'
sympathy on the side of the North in our war,
It is worth noting that of all the London
and to lecture and write with that end in view.
clubs that have solicited Mr. Conway's member-
Two letters a week were also to be sent home
ship, the one in which he has taken the liveliest
to the Commonwealth.' Of his English
interest is the Omar Khayyam Club. He is a
experiences, the many eminent persons he met,
true Omarite and, of course, an admirer of
and the memorable things they said, lack of
Edward FitzGerald, in the rose-planting pil-
space forbids even the briefest account here. grimage to whose grave he took part. “Then we
The English mission opened the way to his set-
went over to Edward Clodd's country homestead
tlement, in 1864, as minister of South Place at Aldeburgh,“ Strafford House," and remained
Chapel, a post which he retained for twenty
from that Saturday till Monday. Fill in from
years; and even after that he still clung to his your imagination, O my reader, the charm and
adopted home, so that now he is probably more
beauty of this function and of our symposia at
often thought of as an Englishman than as an
Strafford.'
American.
The latter half of the ‘ Autobiography,' deal-
Of Martineau the author has things of inter-
ing chiefly with affairs in England and with
est to say, and a comparison is drawn between English persons of note, contains hardly a dull
him and Emerson, two men whom one feels page or paragraph; but it is the first part, the
more inclined to contrast than to
Car-
compare.
American part, depicting the author's early
lyle also figures frequently in his pages, and
struggles and growth, that will most interest
many facts are related that help to explain the
him who seeks a better acquaintance with Mr.
lamentable performance of the great man's lite- Conway. Among the good causes he has been
rary executor. Froude, we are told, never really
ever active to promote, there stands out as per-
knew Carlyle, and he rushed his biography and
haps the one in which he has most earnestly
reminiscences into print in feverish alarm lest exerted himself, the cause of peace, his horror
another's pen, possibly Mr. Conway's, should
of war having long ago prompted him to zeal-
anticipate him, whereas the vast and perplexing
ous advocacy of the abolition of slavery by pur-
mass of material on his hands should have occu-
chase. A larger, richer, truer life, chronicled
pied his best energies for many months in the
with more wealth of detail and greater charm of
sifting. Noteworthy evidence is given by our simple, direct narration, embellished with
author of the domestic harmony enjoyed by
timely anecdote, it would be hard to find. The
Carlyle and his wife. Mrs. Alexander Carlyle writer's memory appears to be an inexhaustible
once said to Mr. Conway, “If uncle and aunt
storehouse of reminiscences that cannot fail to
lived unhappily I never discovered it, none of please.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
their relatives knew it, and I am sure they did
not know it themselves. Mr. Froude alone
knows it.'
A NOTABLE SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION. *
One pleasing glimpse of our lamented Arte-
mus Ward clamors for insertion here.
Readers of The DIAL may recall the fact
""Artemus the delicious," as Charles Reade that in the Summer of 1899 a company of
called him, came to London in June, 1866, and gave
twenty-five representative scientific and literary
his “piece" in Egyptian Hall. The refined, deli-
cate, intellectual countenance, the sweet, grave
men of this country visited our “land of the
mouth from which one might have expected philo-
midnight sun' in the steamship ‘Elder,' as
sophical lectures, retained their seriousness while guests of Mr. E. H. Harriman. While the
listeners were convulsed with laughter. There was
immediate purpose of the expedition was at first
something magical about it. Every sentence was a
the full realization of the pleasures of travel
surprise. He played on his audience as Liszt did
on a piano — most easily when most effectively. and the quest of big game, the outcome was a
Who can ever forget his attempt to stop his Italian many-sided scientific exploring expedition of
pianist — a count in his own country, but not much
surprising proportions. The large hospitality
account in this'— who went on playing loudly
while he was trying to tell us an " affecting inci *HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION. Volume III., Glaciers
dent" that occurred near a small clump of trees and Glaciation; by Grove Karl Gilbert. Volume IV.,
shown on his panorama of the far west. The music Geology and Palæontology ; by B. K. Emerson, Charles
stormed on; we could see only lips and arms pathet.
Palache, William H. Dall, E. 0. Ulrich, and F. H. Knowl-
Volume V., Cryptogamic Botany ; by J. Cardot, Clara
ically moving, till the piano suddenly ceased, and
E. Cummings, Alexander W. Evans, De Alton Saunders,
we heard - it was all we heard —"and she fainted
I. Thériot, and William Trelease. Each illustrated in
in Reginald's arms." His tricks have been
color, photogravure, etc. New York: Doubleday, Page
attempted in many theatres, but Artemus Ward was
6
ton.
& Co.


232
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
on
manifested in the organization of the 'Harri and information as to where duplicates may be
man Alaska Expedition' has been continued obtained. Alaska presents unsurpassed oppor-
with a generosity that has spared no expense tunities to the student of glaciers, and its great
in the illustration and publication of the narra ice-fields may be easily reached by comfortable
tive of the voyage and of its scientific results steamers. Dr. Gilbert says:
in the best attainable form. The start was "The glacier-bearing belt includes about three-
made in the publication, in 1901, of the first
tenths of the vast territory of Alaska. Its explora-
two volumes devoted to the narrative of the
tion has but just begun, yet enough is known to
give it rank as the third great glacier district of the
expedition, and to papers of a literary nature
world, only the Antarctic continent and Greenland
and those treating of the less technical scientific surpass it. Its ice may be roughly estimated to
subjects. These volumes were models of the occupy a tenth of the surface, or an absolute area
printer's art, and touched high-water mark in
of between 15,000 and 20,000 square miles, and its
expanse is so divided and scattered as to offer to
the field of illustration. The continuation of
the student the utmost variety of local conditions
the work appears in the three handsome volumes and detail. Of alpine glaciers, suc as would receive
Glaciers,' 'Geology,' and Cryptogamic
individual names if near the homes of men, there
Botany.' Others devoted to biological subjects
are many hundreds, possibly more than a thousand;
of broad composite fields, like the Muir and Mala-
will follow, and the finish is not yet in sight.
spina, there are about half a dozen; and more than
These volumes are under the skilful editor thirty are known to reach the coast and cast bergs
ship of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, of the Biological
into the sea.'
Survey of the Department of Agriculture at Naturally, the observations of the Harriman
Washington. Of necessity they are composites, party were limited largely to the tidal glaciers
the work of many expert hands; and some of which empty into the sea, and are easily acces-
the papers here combined in book form have sible by steamer. We find, therefore, that most
previously appeared in the Proceedings of the of the report deals with the glaciers about
Washington Academy of Sciences, which col Glacier and Yakutat Bays. Near the latter, in
laborated with the Harriman Alaska Expedi- College Fiord, several new glaciers were found,
tion in the publication of its scientific results. and were named in honor of leading universities
For bibliographical purposes in citation, the and colleges in New England. The most strik-
original pagination is given, as well as that of ing discovery was that of a new fiord of large
the volume in which the reprinted papers are proportions, in a secluded pocket among the
here published. Simplicity and directness stamp mountains, into which empties a large number
the editorial make-up of this series, in marked of fine glaciers. Both the fiord and the mag-
contrast with the cumbersome, confusing, and nificent terminal glacier were named in honor
elaborate method of subdivision and designation of the host of the expedition.
adopted in some German Reports of scientific Dr. Gilbert's treatment of his subject is
expeditions. In paper, typography, illustra exhaustive; and though couched in technical
tions, and binding, these volumes leave nothing terms, and presented with scientific precision
to be desired by the most fastidious lover of and compactness, it is nevertheless very read-
fine books; while at the same time there is noth able because of his logical method of presenta-
ing in their make-up to offend the sense of fit tion and clearness of statement. It forms an
ness. The work of our best American engrav indispensable guide for every student and trav-
ers and scientific artists appears here; and the eller who visits the shores of Alaska and desires
work is well done.
an intelligent appreciation of these magnificent
The third volume of the series is fittingly rivers of ice.
devoted to the unique element in the landscape The fourth volume of the series is devoted to
of Alaska, the phenomena of prime interest not Geology and Palæontology, and is both more
only to the visiting scientist but also to the varied and more technical than the preceding
passing traveller, to the principal product of the volume on Glaciers. The opportunities for
territory,— the glaciers. This volume is entirely geological work were conditioned by the mode
from the pen of Dr. G. K. Gilbert of the U. S. of travel, the route, the location, and the length
Geological Survey, who accompanied the expe of stops; so that this report is largely in the
dition. It is based on his observations in the nature of a brief reconnaisance of some of the
Summer of 1899, supplemented by information more accessible features. Professor Gilbert
from various sources, and illustrated by over writes the introductory chapter; Professor
a hundred text figures and eighteen plates. The Emerson discusses the General Geology; Pro-
drawings from which these illustrations are fessor Palache describes the geological features
made were the work of Mrs. Louise M. Keeler of the famous Treadwell Mine at Juneau, the
and Mr. W. E. Spader. Students and teachers geology about Chicagof Cove, and writes the
of physical geography desiring illustrations of chapter on Minerals; Dr. W. H. Dall treats of
the phenomena of glaciation will find in this the Mesozoic Invertebrate Fossils; Dr. Ulrich
work a list of photographs used in illustration, describes the fossils from, and discusses the age


1904.]
233
THE DIAL
of, the Yakutat formation; and Dr. Knowlton that what was originally planned as a family
furnishes an abundantly illustrated chapter on pleasure-trip, with generous hospitality, should
Fossil Plants. Fragmentary as the data obtained turn out to be a scientific expedition of unex-
by this expedition were, they nevertheless suf-pected proportions. It was inevitable that such
fice to indicate the geological age of some points a group of men of thought and action as com-
on the coast of Alaska, and afford some impor-posed the Harriman Alaska Expedition should
tant evidence bearing on the correlation of the have produced this permanent contribution to
age of different localities. Palæontological col the sum of the world's knowledge.
lections included thirty-eight new species and
CHARLES ATWOOD KOFOID.
seven new genera belonging to the Jurassic and
Eocene.
The fifth volume of the series is devoted to
the Cryptogamic Botany of the expedition,-
to the fungi, lichens, algæ, mosses, hepatics,
THE HERO OF A LOST CAUSE.*
and ferns of Alaska. The volume has had the
It is unlikely that history affords another
immediate editorial supervision of Professor instance where the leader of a losing cause suc-
William Trelease, Director of the Shaw Botan-
ceeded in retaining the love, admiration, and
ical Gardens of St. Louis; and his hand has respect of his followers, and even of his enemies,
prepared the very readable Introduction, as
to the extent noted in the case of General Rob-
well as the chapter on the ferns. The cosmo ert E. Lee. Friends and foes alike
pay tribute
politan character of modern science is well.illus-
to his worth as a man, his ability as a soldier,
trated by the fact that Italian, French, and
and his heroism under crushing defeat. Now
German, as well as American, specialists have that the acerbities growing out of civil strife
contributed signed articles to this volume, in
have been softened by time, it is safe to say
some instances in joint authorship. The nar that there is no American, North or South,
row lines within which the specialist of to-day who does not gladly enroll him among the most
must work is further suggested by the fact that
eminent of his fellow-countrymen. And the
about forty botanists contribute to this volume, book of ‘Recollections and Letters' prepared
either directly as authors, or indirectly as con-
by his son and namesake will deepen this
sulted experts. The net result of these botan- impression, at the same time that it proves the
ical explorations is a compact and succinct sur-
son to have no small share of the candor, vera-
vey of the cryptogamic flora of Alaska, showing city, and magnanimity of his highly distin-
a total of 1616 species, of which a number are
guished father.
new to science.
The common experience of mankind attests
The high standard of excellence maintained
that 'blood will tell’; and certainly there is no
throughout the volumes of this series, - the family boasting prouder achievements among
thick linen paper of the best grade, the lavish the various branches of its stock than the Lees
illustrations in line, half-tone, and color, the
of Virginia. This book notes that at the con-
triple covers to the simple and elegant bind-clusion of the Civil War, Englishmen of means
ing, - all suggest that no expense has been offered General Lee an estate and income in
spared to make this publication noteworthy their own country commensurate with the dig-
among the reports of scientific expeditions here nity of an historic family.' It was declined,
or elsewhere. The question might be, and needless to say; for if the traditions of the Lees
indeed has been raised, as to whether the money were aristocratic in the finest sense of a much
thus spent might not have been better used. To abused word, they were none the less democratic
be sure, it might have published many more in the good American sense, constituting what
scientific papers than will appear in these four- Jefferson calls those of the 'aristoi,' the class
teen volumes ! But after all is said, there to which he looked for government of this great
remains this superb ensample of what can be land of ours. And since the peculiar civiliza-
done; and though all subsequent scientific pub- tion of the South served to develop this class
lications may not attain to a like sumptuous to an extent probably seen nowhere else in the
apparel, there are few which will not be stimu- world, it is small wonder that the South domi-
lated by this model to strive for the best in nated the country until the very verge of the
form, materials, and illustration. Many, though war between the States, and came perilously
not all, of our American scientific publications near winning in that unequal contest.
have been in the past, and some are even yet, It is generally known that General Lee was
distinctly cheap and shabby in comparison with
the son of 'Light-Horse Harry' Lee, one of the
most continental publications of equal rank. most daring and most lovable of the heroes of
May the Harriman Alaska Expedition be an
• RECOLLECTIONS AND LETTERS OF GENERAL ROBERT E.
omen of better days !
LEE. By his son, Captain Robert E. Lee. With portraits.
It is perhaps typical of the spirit of our time New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.


234
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
cares
the Revolution. It is not so generally known
" It was characteristic of his consideration for
that General Henry Lee was buried at Dun-
others, and the unselfishness of his nature, that at
this time, when weighed down, harrassed, and bur-
geness, cn Cumberland Island, Georgia, where
dened by the
incident to bringing the
he died at the house of General Nathanael untrained forces of the Confederacy into the field,
Greene on his return from the West Indies in and preparing them for a struggle the seriousness
1818. His more distinguished son first visited
of which he knew better than anyone, he should
give his time and attention to the minute details
the spot, as his letter records, in January, 1862,
of fitting out his youngest son as a private soldier.
when the war was at its height. Nor is it gen I think it worthy of note that the son of the com-
erally known that General Lee married, in Mary manding general enlisting as a private in his army
Custis, the great-granddaughter of the widow
was not thought to be anything remarkable or
unusual. Neither my mother, my family, my
Custis who is endeared to Americans as Martha
friends, nor myself, expected any other course; and
Washington. General Lee's letters to his dearly I do not suppose it ever occurred to my father to
beloved wife form the foundation of this pleas think of giving me an office, which he could easily
have done.
ant volume, appropriately bound in Confeder-
I know it never occurred to me, nor
did I ever hear, at that time or afterwards, from
ate grey and illustrated with four photogravure
anyone, that I might have been entitled to better
portraits of the great leader. These letters to
rank than that of a private because of my father's
the wife are supplemented chiefly by the remin prominence in Virginia and in the Confederacy.
iscences of the son who, being of the same name,
With the good advice to be obedient to all author-
is distinguished as Captain Lee. Numerous
ity, to do my duty in everything, great or small,
he bade me good-bye, and sent me off to the Valley
other authentic sources are drawn upon, but it of Virginia, where the command in which I was
is from these two that the most distinct impres about to enlist
were serving under "Stonewall
sions are received. They disclose at once that
Jackson.",
fineness of nature which ensures respect and Nor did the young man obtain his commission
that profound sympathy with humankind which until after he had repeatedly demonstrated his
begets affection. No figure could be more manly fitness for it by good conduct under fire. Three
than that presented by General Lee to his imme times he came under his father's personal atten-
diate family.
tion as a private soldier, and the last of the
Captain Lee's reminiscences begin with the three is certainly worth setting down as illus-
return of his father from the war with Mexico, trative of several things in the bringing up of
in which no small share of military glory came the Lee family in the two generations involved.
to him. His residence at West Point, while Captain Lee recounts the incident as follows:
Superintendent of the Military Academy there, • On that occasion [the battle of Sharpsburg] our
is quite clear in his mind. The breaking out of
battery had been severely handled, losing many men
the war between the States is even more clearly
and horses. Having three guns disabled, we were
ordered to withdraw; and while moving back we
recalled, and some vivid impressions thereof passed General Lee and several of his staff, grouped
are here set down. Concerning General Lee's on a little knoll near the road. Having no definite
attitude at the time, a letter from him to Rev-
orders where to go, our captain, seeing the com-
erdy Johnson establishes beyond question the
manding general, halted us and rode over to get
some instructions. Some others and myself went
fact that Lee was unofficially tendered the com-
along to see and hear. General Lee was dismounted,
mand of the armies of the United States before with some of his staff around him, a courier hold-
his resignation as Colonel of the First Cavalry. ing his horse. Captain Poague, commanding our
No doubt Captain Lee reflects his father's atti-
battery, the Rockbridge Artillery, saluted, reported
The
our condition, and asked for instructions.
tude in holding to the constitutionality of seces-
General, listening patiently, looked at us, — his eyes
sion, and the consequent lack of justification in passing over me without any sign of recognition,
the armed invasion of Virginia which induced and then ordered Captain Poague to take the most
serviceable horses and men, man the uninjured gun,
General Lee to take up arms in defense of his
send the disabled part of his command back to
State, finally succeeding to the chief command refit, and report to the front for duty. As Poague
of the Confederate forces.
turned to go, I went up to speak to my father.
Possibly no episode in the book seems more When he found out who I was, he congratulated
characteristic of everyone concerned than Cap-
me on being well and unhurt. I'then said:
““ General, are you going to send us in again!"
tain Lee's account of his own enlistment in the
” he replied, with a smile; " you
Southern army. The youth, then a student in all must do what you can to help drive these people
the University of Virginia, was fretting because
he had not been allowed to don a uniform at the This incident, which certainly borders on the
beginning of hostilities; but his father heroic, is noted in a letter from General Lee
restrained him until the Spring of 1862, when to Mrs. Lee soon after, in which he says, “I have
he gave his consent that he should enter the not laid eyes on Rob since I saw him in the
artillery as a private soldier, sending for him battle of Sharpsburg,-going in with a single
and superintending his equipment himself. This gun of his for the second time, after his com-
interesting episode receives the following com pany had been withdrawn in consequence of
ment:
three of its guns having been disabled.'
" " Yes, my son,
back.",


1904.]
235
THE DIAL
" said he,
odds.'
By one of the familiar paradoxes of history, you; your hair is getting quite grey.' 'Ah,
General Lee's very prominence kept him from General Lee,' replied Meade promptly, it is
a free expression of opinion, certainly from not the work of years; you are responsible for
public expressions of opinion on important my grey hairs.'
my grey hairs. Through Mr. Cazenove Lee,
questions. It is the great value of this book Captain Lee is able to record a conversation
that it contains many of his private opinions on between Cassius Lee and his cousin-german,
such topics, and many interesting estimates of General Lee, in July, 1870. A portion, at least,
men and events. Expressions by him regard-
Expressions by him regard- of this weighty exchange of opinion must be set
ing three of the men with whom he was most | down, for all of it has historic value. In the
intimately connected are reproduced as fol words of Mr. Cazenove Lee, General Lee
lows:
thought that
• The joy of our victory at Chancellorsville was 'If Jackson had been at Gettysburg they would
saddened by the death of “ Stonewall ” Jackson. have gained a victory; for,
"Jackson
His loss was the heaviest blow the Army of North would have held the heights which Ewell took the
ern Virginia ever sustained. To Jackson's note tell-
first day.” He said that Ewell was a fine officer,
ing him that he was wounded, my father replied: “I but would never take the responsibility of exceed-
cannot express my regret at the occurrence. Could
ing his orders, and having been ordered to Gettys-
I have directed events, I should have chosen for the burg, he would not go farther and hold the heights
good of the country to have been disabled in your
beyond the town. I asked him which of the Federal
stead. I congratulate you on the victory, which is generals he considered the greatest, and he an-
due to your skill and energy.' Jackson said, when swered, most emphatically, “McClellan by all
this was read to him, “Better that ten Jacksons
He was asked why he did not come to
should fall than one Lee." Afterward, when it Washington after the second Manassas. “Because,”
was reported that Jackson was doing well, General
he replied, “my men had nothing to eat.",
Lee playfully sent him word, “You are better off
than I am, for while you have only lost your left,
It is worthy of note that less than half the
I have lost my right arm. Then, hearing he was volume is devoted to General Lee in war-time,
worse, he said, “Tell him that I am praying for the greater part of it describing his conduct
him as I believe I have never prayed for myself.”
"“I was sitting on my horse very near to Gen-
after Appomattox, especially in relation to his
eral Lee, writes Captain W. Gordon McCabe to
position as President of Washington College.
Captain Lee, “when a courier galloped up with Whether in peace or war, defeat or victory, the
the despatch announcing that General J. E. B. well-drawn portrait in this book shows a man
Stuart had been mortally wounded and was dying: truly great, one of the first of all Americans.
General Lee was evidently greatly affected, and
said slowly, as he folded up the despatch, “General
WALLACE RICE.
Stuart has been mortally wounded: a most valuable
and able officer.” Then, after a moment, he added
in a voice of deep feeling, “He never brought me
a piece of false information,”- turned and looked
PARTISAN HISTORY.*
away. What praise dearer to a soldier's heart
could fall from the lips of the commanding general
The history of a party, if it is to be of any
touching his Chief of Cavalry!'
permanent value, should be written by one who
"General Lee was asked after the war, by a lady, has the clear vision of a historian and the calm
his opinion of the position and part Mr. (Jefferson
judgment of a philosopher, rather than the
Davis had taken and acted during the war. He
replied: “If my opinion is worth anything, you
enthusiasm of an advocate. While he who
can always say that few people could have done writes it should set down naught in malice, he
better than Mr. Davis. I knew of none that could should likewise naught extenuate. He should,
have done as well.",
above all things, grasp the principle or prin-
Regarding the most momentous of all Gen- ciples differentiating the subject of his study
eral Lee's combats, he himself wrote to an from all opposing parties. Back of this, he
inquiring historian as follows:
should understand in its fulness the fact that
"As to the battle of Gettysburg, I must again
the party, like the Sabbath, was made for man,
refer you to the official accounts. Its loss was occa-
and not man for the party. The origin of the
sioned by a combination of circumstances. It was
cominenced in the absence of correct intelligence.
party should be carefully sought in the ante-
It was continued in the effort to overcome the diffi cedent history of the earlier parties which it
culties by which we were surrounded, and it would displaced or absorbed. Its career should be
have been gained could one determined and united
traced with some recognition of the truth that
blow have been delivered by our whole line. As
it was, victory trembled in the balance for three the opinions and principles of a party are by no
days, and the battle resulted in the infliction of as means the same when in power as when in oppo-
great an amount of injury as was received, and in sition; that success inevitably breeds insolence,
frustrating the Federal campaign for the season.'
and that affliction is good for the soul of parties
A pleasant anecdote relating to the meeting
* THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. A History of its Fifty Years'
of the two Gettysburg commanders is recorded,
a Record of its Measures and Leaders,
Lee and Meade having been friends and com-
By Francis Curtis. With a Foreword by
President Roosevelt, and Introductions by William P. Frye
rades in the 'old' army, before the war. The
New York: G. P.
Confederate said, Meade, years are telling on Putnam's Sons.
Existence and
1854-1904.
and J. G. Cannon.
In two volumes.


236
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
as well as of individuals. The fact that, in the tion as a sufficient and adequate cause, with
main, half the nation supports some other party never a suspicion that the question of a stable
than the one in power should bring to mind the standard was what the country went to the polls
sanity of the people, which the greatest of for with a unanimity that almost submerged
Republicans so thoroughly respected, and should the Republican party under a rush of independ-
suggest the thought that where there are two ent voters.
great parties both may stand for some great One would look to see some adequate discus-
principle, and that in the balance and poise of sion of the principles involved in the Recon-
continuous readjustment the promise of safety struction of the South after the war, such a
lies.
discussion as Mr. McCall gives in his admirable
The writer of the book now under considera biography of Thaddeus Stevens, in a two-
tion does not meet these conditions; indeed, volume history of the party of Reconstructiou..
this is perhaps not to be expected in a work Instead, we find the subject dismissed in a few
introduced by the three highest in rank and pages, with the final word, 'It is the generally
influence of the exponents of Republican policy. accepted opinion, thirty years later, that they
The work might better have been entitled, 'His not only did the best they could, but did their
tory of the United States during the Suprem work well and with the purest of motives.' In
acy of the Republican Party.' It is an interest spite of this ipse dixit, many are still claiming
ing narration of superficial events : connection that not only purity of motive, but practical
is rarely suggested. One looks in vain for an wisdom is necessary to statesmanship, and are
explanation of the genetic connection of the ready to argue with that expert authority on
Republican party with the older Whigs or Fed this subject, Ex-Governor Chamberlain, that
eralists. He would however hardly expect to be Reconstruction was a dismal failure. That
correctly informed by one who writes: The interesting chapter in Reconstruction history-
name National Republican was retained until the conflicting views of Mr. Lincoln and Con-
the campaign of 1832, when the party became gress—is barely indicated. The financing of
known as the Anti-Mason party, afterwards the the war period, with its heritage of woe to the
Whigs,' or who makes of the personal rule' next generation in fiat money, is covered by the
of Andrew Jackson a secession from the Repub statement, 'It is enough to say that in the very
lican party of Jefferson, giving rise to the darkest hour the finances of the country, ita
Democratic party. The fundamental distinc methods of taxation, the coins and credits and
tion between the two great parties of our payments, were as near perfect as human wis-
national history does not appear in the present dom could devise.' Curiously enough, Secre-
narrative. Our attention is so restricted to the tary Chase did not think so ! The evil condi-
heralding of nominating conventions and plat tions that confronted Mr. Cleveland in 1893,
forms, that we learn nothing of the growth and and led to the disastrous industrial period that
change of public opinion. We are so occupied followed, conditions largely due to the silver
with the machinery of party that we almost for- legislation of a Republican Congress summed
get to ask for the motive-power back of the up in the Sherman Act, to the extravagance of
machinery. The critical spirit of the author is a Republican administration, and to the incom-
indicated by one of the sub-titles to the conclud petency of a Republican Secretary of the Treas-
ing chapter, ‘The Same Grand Old Party,' and ury, are all laid to the charge of the administra-
by the following sentence from that chapter: tion that inherited them. When a reluctant
The Republican party, in its policies, its legis Congress, impelled at length by public distress
lation, and its administration of the laws made and Mr. Cleveland's importunity, passed the
by its chosen legislators, has from the beginning repeal act of 1893, which paved the way for the
never faltered, never thought of retreat, and good times that came in with Mr. McKinley,
has never left a work till it was finished prop the candid chronicler can only concede: ‘Mr.
erly.' After reading this, one is prepared for Cleveland and his advisers were astute enough
a complete justification of the deeds of Repub to see that some attempt must be made to allay
lican administrations and Congress from 1861 the apprehension of the business community;
to the present day; and the only partial excep consequently an extra session was called, result-
tion to such a justification is found when the ing in the repeal.' It is ludicrous to find Presi-
tariff of 1883 is reached. The author then
says: dent Cleveland condemned for one of the best
There is no criticism to be made upon the things he consistently and persistently did—the
attempt of the Republican party to revise the vetoing of vicious pension legislation. It is
Tariff laws in 1882 and 1883. It is only chari amusing also to read the diatribe concerning
table to say that they were not equal to the occa the ‘Mugwump,' which fills so many pages of
sion.' The prosperity which has come to the the last chapter. Not even the discovery that
country since the passage of the Dingley tariff Mr. McKinley was chosen President in 1896
act is most naively accredited to that legisla by the vote of the independent can abate the


1904.]
237
THE DIAL
contempt which this dyed-in-the-wool Repub- They read the highly moral tales of the old
lican visits upon the man who has convictions readers, they declaimed the threadbare old ora-
and dares to give practical expression to them. tions, and they governed themselves and each
The author states that the last Whig conven other according to the primal code of morals
tion was held in 1852, although he records the known to boys for many generations. In the
proceedings of a later one. He does not know village square they played the games suggested
why President Jackson allowed Troup and by the changing year; and along the stream,
Georgia nullifiers to defy the decree of his in the woods, fields, and over the hills, they
special enemy John Marshall, while enforcing had the endless varieties of fun and learned
the law against Calhoun and South Carolina, the thousand things which go to form the
in which case Jackson was defied. He dis mind and character of country-bred children.
parages Mr. Seward's_' higher law' statement, Through the burying-ground they went only
in which every true Republican should glory, when they could prove the safety that lies in
by finding a precedent for it in Amos Kendall's numbers, and when the sun shone on the tomb-
setting the local community above the higher stones which figured in their plan of life like
law, and so finding a sanction for his violation sentient things. It is, however, when speaking
of the mails; citing also a still earlier prece of the village mill, which was the boy's home
dent in the utterance of a Missouri judge, plac as well, that Mr. Darrow is at his best. He has
ing mob action above the law of the land. touched the simple life that flowed through and
In closing this well-written and plausible around it with a touch so wistful and so tender
campaign document, the historian recurs to the that the reader can only guess if there was a
words of the great classical writer Bentley on smile on his lips as he wrote, or if they were
perusing a copy of Pope’s Iliad:' A very pretty pressed together to keep back the tears.
poem, Mr. Pope, but not Homer.' Those who Not much character-drawing is attempted in
love the Republican party for what it has done this little book; and in this reserve Mr. Darrow
of righteousness, despite its sins and its sinners, shows much wisdom. People are not often
will look still to see its history portrayed in clearly differentiated by the minds of children,
true colors.
JOHN J. HALSEY. who accept their social surroundings with as
little question as they do their physical environ-
ment. A few figures stand out with boldness,
however, and if they are drawn with simple
THROUGH THE EYES OF A BOY.
lines, the lines have à vigor and directness that
Since Mr. Howells's delightful idyll of boy- | give them quite enough of both light and shade.
hood, 'A Boy's Town,' there has perhaps been
The well-known ne'er-do-weel who lives in every
no worthier companion volume than Mr. Dar- village in every land has rarely been better
row's “ Farmington.' If one were born a boy, drawn than in the light sketch of 'Ferman
and has lived long enough to be able to look Henry,' whose counterpart may be found in
back and understand what it was to be young,
Sam Lawson' in Mrs. Stowe's memorable. Old
and what his youth has meant to him ever since,
Town Folks.' Aunt Mary' is another auld
he will find his real self again in these limpid acquaintance whom one is not likely to for-
pages. And if he be lucky enough to have get, the woman who lived in bondage to a
begun life in the country, or in a village which heartless idol called Neatness, whose cult she
was so small as to be almost the same thing, ever preached to an unheeding generation.
tucked in beside a millstream that divided two Squire Allen,' the great man of the village,'
high hills, he will see with his waking eyes the was so very great that it was quite inconceivable
places and the people that come to him in how so small a place could hold him; and the
dreams,- dreams that are perhaps the best part | loungers and scandal-mongers of the black-
of his life.
smith's and shoemaker's shops,- we have seen
In Farmington there was a church, a district them all before.
school, a square, a burying-ground, and a mill. The crowning glory of the book is the portrait
In the church, long hours of torture were spent of the boy's father, — the gentle, honest, un-
by restless urchins, who were in great awe of worldly old miller, who put aside the fervid
the minister, and were surprised when they dis- longings of his own spirit in order that he
covered later that he was a real man like others might feed and clothe the children who thronged
whom they knew. In the school-house, the little about his hearth; who, loving honor, loving
ruffians made life wretched for the teacher, and integrity, loving justice, above all else loved
had as much fun and wasted as little time over learning, in the beautiful old sense of the word.
their studies as was possible for them to do. One rarely hears it so used in these hurried
times, and perhaps it is the mission of the little
• FARMINGTON. Memories of a Boyhood in a Pennsyl-
vania Village. By Clarence S. Darrow.
book to open the eyes of a restless later day
to the old and deep well-spring of contentment
6
Chicago:
A. C.
McClurg & Co.


238
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
6
that lies behind it. Here is a bit of this filial unexplained the real contents of belief and
and tender portrait:
desires, and it places no valuation upon them,
‘Above the little porch that shelters the front lends no standards to test them. Imitation is
door is my father's study window. I look in and
even made the source of invention. Is this final
see him sitting at his desk with his shaded lamp;
before him is his everlasting book, and his pale
and adequate? Strictly speaking, imitation is
face and long white hair bend over the infatuating
likeness, repetition; while invention signifies a
pages with all the confidence and trust of a little novelty. Imitation is a fact which explains
child. For a simple child he always was, from the many facts, but it is itself a phenomenon to be
time when he first saw the light until his friends
and comrades lowered him into the sandy loam of
explained. Professors Baldwin, Cooley, and
the old churchyard. I see him through the little
other psychologists, have seen the defect and
panes of glass, as he bends above the book. The contributed further considerations; but the
chapter is finished and he wakens from his reverie
problem is not yet solved. Simply to give abun-
into the world in which he lives and works; he takes dant illustrations of the copying process does
off his iron-framed spectacles, lays down his book,
comes downstairs and calls me away from my com-
not diminish our need of further insight into
panions with the old story that is time to come the exact reasons why the child frowns when its
into the house and get my lessons. For the hun mother frowns, or why a savage prince struts
dredth time I protest that I want to play,- to
finish my unending game; and again he tells me
in the silk hat of a European, with little else in
no, that John Stuart Mill began studying Greek
the way of clothing.
when he was only three years old. And with heavy In reading Tarde's argument, one may be
heart and muttered imprecations on John Stuart persuaded to think imitation will explain every-
Mill, I am taken away from my companions and my
play, and set down beside my father with my book.
thing; but the author himself is not under this
I can feel even now my sorrow and despair, as I
illusion, and gives abundant facts to correct it.
leave my playmates and turn the stupid leaves. But Imitation implies a common psychical nature,
I would give all that I possess to-day to hear my and must not be pressed too far. “Every new
father say again, as in that far-off time, “John
Stuart Mill began studying Greek when he was only
fashion endeavors to become rooted in custom;
three years old." ;
but only a few are successful for the same rea-
Farmington' is not a book to be taken from
son that many germs are abortive ... The rule
of fashion is tied to that of reason. For exam-
the public library, or even to be borrowed from
an obliging friend. It is not a book for the
ple, the Esquimaux may wonder at and admire
limited express, or the smoking-room of an
the dress of men and women from Italy, but
inn. It is a book to own,- to read by the win-
they will not copy them. Imitation is influen-
ter's fire, and re-read under a summer tree; a
tial, but it must not require the Arctic nations
book to be kept on the shelf where the oldest
to give up blubber and live on rice. French
favorites live. It is a book for boys, for women,
wine was added to beer in England, but most
— but above all, it is a book for men who have
Englishmen prefer beer.
once been boys.
Glimpses of H. de Vries' mutation theory
SARA ANDREW SHAFER.
may be seen in this work, especially in connec-
tion with the rise of invention. Novelties
do not arise by slow gradations alone, but last-
ing institutions spring up suddenly. Thus
SOCIAL THEORY AND PRACTICE. *
(p. 267): 'In India, where in the depths of
The eminent French publicist and sociologist,
Hindooism the birth of some very low form of
Gabriel Tarde, in his work on The Laws of
religion is actually an everyday occurrence,
Imitation’ has described, with wealth of learn- Lyell informs us that their starting-point lies
ing, the mechanism by which beliefs and desires in the preaching of some exalted reformer, of
are transmitted, conveyed, and improved.
some ascetic or celibate.'
Unquestionably, imitation is a universal phe Tarde evidently wrote about America in a
nomenon of human life. But the theory leaves
friendly spirit, so that the following bit of mis-
information must illustrate the danger of sec-
THE LAWS OF IMITATION. By Gabriel Tarde.
from the second French edition, by Elsie Clews
ond-hand reports of travellers :
With an Introduction by Professor F. H. Gid 'From one end to the other of the United States,
dings. New York : Henry Holt & Co.
from top to bottom, throughout all classes, even
AN EXAMINATION OF SOCIETY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF
among good-looking women (and there is certainly
EVOLUTION. By Louis Wallis. Columbus : The Argus Press.
THE SOCIALIZATION OF HUMANITY.
no more striking example of the power of imitation
By Charles Kendall
Chicago : Charles H. Kerr & Co.
than this), we find the repugnant habit of tobacco-
By James M. Coleman. New York:
chewing,-a fact that explains the universal pres-
Baker & Taylor Co.
ence of the spittoon, the most indispensable piece of
HUMAN WORK. By Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
furniture in America. Is this a habit that is made
York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
necessary by the exigencies of race and climate?
METHODS OF SOCIAL ADVANCE. By C. S. Loch.
Not at all; it is another case of fashion and custom.'
York: The Macmillan Co.
If all M. Tarde's illustrations were of this kind
ANTHRACITE COAL COMMUNITIES. By Peter Roberts.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
his book would not carry conviction very far.
Trans-
lated
Parsons.
Franklin.
SOCIAL ETHICS.
New
New


1904.]
239
THE DIAL
The translation here noticed is quite well of this form of crude monism may regard it as
done, from the second edition (1895), the first final. But those who have studied Kant, Hegel,
French edition having appeared in 1890. The Green, Pfleiderer, and Tiel, as well as Comte
biographical introduction by Professor Giddings and Spencer, will be likely to conclude that
gives a brief and clear survey of the literary there are some problems still left in philosophy
career of the author, who has died since this of which this writer has not even had a glimpse.
translation appeared.
But this brief paragraph is not the place for a
One must be a bold spirit to venture with counter-argument or for a plea for the detested
Mr. Wallis on the vast scheme of 'An Exam idealism.
ination of Society. If we follow the author, we Mr. Coleman's book on Social Ethics' has
shall traverse the entire course of human history for its sub-title' An Introduction to the Nature
from primitive savagery to the most recent and and Ethics of the State.' It is, in fact, a plea
highest achievements of science and art. The
for some sort of a theocracy. The book is writ-
range of topics and the list of authorities cited ten to prove that our government ought to con-
are enough to awe the most universal and ver fess the creed of Christianity. The author evi-
satile of scholars. Hebrew, Greek, Roman, dently does not recall the New England trial
mediæval and modern civilizations, are passed of his method, and the resulting hypocrisy, per-
under review to illustrate a theory of 'social secution, and oppression of dissenters. He
cleavage. Where the whole argument comes seems never to have read or duly considered the
to the practical issue, in the last chapter, we analysis of Roger Williams, or the reasons
find that we have left in our critical crucible which led the religious founders of our republic
the author's own panacea of heavy taxation and authors of our Constitution to avoid pre-
some would say confiscation — of land values ; cisely the mischief which this writer's scheme
and there is an ingenious line of evidence to would bring upon us.
prove that the inventor of this theory has not Socialism has many shrewd methods of secur-
plagiarized from Henry George or the social ing a hearing, and one of these is omitting the
ists.
label and signature. In Mrs. Charlotte Perkins
The author of "The Socialization of Human Gilman’s ‘Human Work,' as in Mr. Veblen's
ity' is serious, if we can judge by style and con keen and caustic Theory of the Leisure
tent of the book. He is possessed by the philo- Classes,' we have a recommendation of the med-
sophical craving for unification of experience. icine in the guise of a story; only here we have
He hopes to reach a “complete orientation of a highly passionate and at times dramatic plea,
the race and the establishment of the principles whereas in Veblen we have only the frosty star-
which will lead to the democratization and light of pure science. The feminine advocate
socialization of humanity. Religion is the has a theory of work which urges that if society
supreme interest of humanity, and that because wants production it must first feed its members,
the object of religion is humanity itself. Sin provide them all abundantly with comfort and
is ignorance. The salvation of the race is education, and then they will enjoy their tasks
science,- organized and diffused knowledge of and sing even at ditch-digging. As for mem-
the conditions of universal well-being. There bers of the parasitic group called ' Society, our
are many quotations from Comte, and even the author has little praise.
allusions to Spencer do not show that his pro 'Such women play the game we call “Society,'
test against the Positivist deposition of religion whose trivial performances celebrated
has been heeded. Instead of God read human respectfully in our newspapers in their record of
ity. The all-seeing eye is conscience; the all-
dinners and dresses and dances, as if what these
people ate, or what they wore, or how they hopped
feeling heart is sympathy, duty.' We have a
about, was of any earthly importance. They
misleading reference to Kant (p. 90); his even designate their pitiful amusements as “social
destructive criticism of theology is mentioned,
functions, a misnomer as consummately absurd as
but nothing is said of his constructive argu-
"Christian Science."... For a lot of richly
ment. This is the author's idea of a university:
caparisoned human animals to get together and eat,
or embrace one another and caper about to the
‘Every teacher in a university struggles with sound of music, has no more relation to a social
every other teacher to see which one can worry
function than St. Vitus' dance has to chopping
the student most with dry, hard tasks, exasper-
wood. A disease is not a function.'
ating examinations, brain-racking quizzes; that Yet Mrs. Gilman's book is a serious one, and
teacher being deemed the best who can produce contains, along with much crude expression of
the most dismay, despair, and disaster' (p. raw materials of systematic thinking, many
183). One must feel relieved after expelling powerful and valid arguments for the socializa-
that kind of matter from his consciousness! tion of production. The modern world is going
There is much that is true and nobly said, albeit | that way much more rapidly than some people
with wearisome repetition, in this volume. like to believe; and those who detest the visions
Those who have not felt the rational difficulties of Socialism most of all, the 'captains of indus-
are
so


240
[Oct. 16,
THE
DIAL
Newman as
writer and
try, are those who seem to do more to push territory in which they live, the nationalities
and pull society in the direction of unified pro- represented, the facts about births and deaths,
duction and social control than all the inspired the furniture of the homes, the food and amuse-
prophets of the 'proletariate.'
ments, the treatment of children by parents,
Mr. C. S. Loch has brought together a num the schoolhouses, teachers, and pupils, school
ber of valuable papers relating to charity work attendance, the activity of the churches, the
of the modern type, which represent the more saloon, the savings banks, the criminals, pauper-
recent tendencies in this sphere. The motto on ism and charity, and politics. The author does
the title-page is significant: 'If citizens be not rest with description; he has a remedy for
friends, they have no need of justice; but, the evils and a working method of ameliora-
though they be just, they need friendship or tion; and he arranges his argument in a way
love also; indeed, the completest realization of which should make an impression on all patri-
justice seems to be the realization of friendship otic citizens who have not lost faith in the
or love also. Social science may be compared regenerating power of justice, reason, and edu-
to the work of the 'assembler' in a watch fac-
cation.
CHARLES R. HENDERSON.
tory. His function is to arrange the various
parts so that they will finally mark the time,-
the duty of a watch. All kinds of data, while
isolated, minister little if at all to human wel-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
fare; but marshalled in subordination to
The casual reader of Newman,
supreme social ends, they ameliorate man's
whose attention is usually con-
estate. Thus, in this book the physicians advise ecclesiastic.
fined to the Apologia' and the
wise action in respect to dispensaries and the Idea of a University,' is almost certain to be
rearing of children, the work of a hospital repelled. He made, from the point of view of
almoner, charitable action in phthisical cases; rational men, the great refusal'; he said to the
while other persons, with experience in adminis tides of intellect, . No farther.' He is a signal
tration, give the results of experiments with
example of the mind of the ecclesiastic, that
agricultural colonies, labor bureaus, industrial sternly limited, severe, often delicate instrument
which deals with idealities as if they were facts,
partnerships, and poor-laws. The essays fur-
and for that reason, despite its humanitarian
nish valuable contributions to the science of
ends, frequently seems wanting in genuine human-
charity.
ity, in a warm-blooded relation to men as they
Mr. Peter Roberts, the author of ' Anthracite
He was, moreover, with his Hebrew and
Coal Communities,' has already described the Huguenot blood, pre-committed to Roman legal-
more strictly economic aspects of the life of ism and sacramentalism, to an institution ra ner
miners in 'The Anthracite Coal Industry' than to a philosophy, to mechanism rather than
(1901); and in the present volume he sets to life. This, we think, does not overstate the
before us the facts relative to the social and grounds of the casual reader's repulsion from
moral life of the anthracite mine employers. Newman, published in the Literary Lives' series
Newman. Such a repulsion, Dr. Barry's book on
This study of the demography and culture of
(Scribners), should do somewhat to remove.
this interesting people is sane, earnest, idealistic,
Newman was perfectly aware no rationalist
The writer has lived near the people he de-
more so that dogma is the merest adumbration
scribes; and while he lays bare the tragic phe of theological truth; so perfectly aware of this
nomena of their narrow and animalistic exist that he has been charged with essential skepti-
ence, he also reveals the promises of a better cism. On the other hand, being a practical man
to-morrow manifested in occasional expressions and not a metaphysician, he made the funda-
of æsthetic, ethical, and religious aspiration. mental act of faith in the validity of his own
The student of educational method will here mental processes that we are all obliged to make.
His ' illative sense
confront many neglected factors in the social
convinced him of spiritual
truth,- gave him, in other words, certitude.'
conditions of workingmen which demand im-
Proof' was not an exclusively logical process,
provements in the curriculum of public schools.
but' the limit of converging probabilities.' Could
A local study, intensive rather than wide, and moderation go further? The method was sound;
dealing with a fairly homogeneous population that it should have led him to Rome is no miracle.
all dependent on a single industry, has far more Even Huxley thought it led either to Rome or to
value than one which rests on statistics whose Agnosticism. There is no more disputing about
averages are meaningless or misleading because the judgments of the ' illative sense than about
they cover too large an area and have too many
those of taste. He had exclaimed, in his illness
conflicting facts which cancel each other. Yet
of 1833, ' I shall not die, for I have not sinned
the universal elements of human nature and
against light.' To the end, this was true. New-
man's aloofness from the concerns of ordinary
need are not obscure, for the writer 'sees all
men is harder to defend. He was, no doubt, what
great things in the small.' In dealing with
Dr. Barry calls him, the perfect friend.' His
this people, we wish to know the nature of the
personal charm was well-nigh irresistible. He
are.
9


1904.]
241
THE DIAL
sense
knew the heart of man as the great novelist knows walking alone into the Senate chamber to take
it. Yet there are many passages in the sermons, the oath of office, is pretty effectually exploded
for example, whose sternness is unrelieved by any by the author, who has collected a number of
touch of human pity. 'Fierceness' he thinks a interesting incidents relating to that and other
not undesirable quality of religion as compared presidential inaugurations. In dealing with the
with the lukewarmness he deprecated. Such a
subject of caricature, he assigns 1832 as the date
tone is strange and unwelcome in the ears even when this engine of political warfare was first
of good men who know and love their kind. It employed in America. It seems very unsafe to
sounds strangely from a son of the Church which, assert that grotesque or offensive drawings had
after all, faces the moral facts of human nature never before been used in the heat of a pre-elec-
as Protestantism has never done.
• Fierceness,'
tion campaign, even though these interesting
it seems to us, is a quality appropriate to no objects of art may be no longer extant. Lincoln-
human institution and to no human interpreta iana naturally take a prominent place in Mr. Bish-
tion of a divine one. Dr. Barry properly lays op's book; but it is somewhat surprising that he
much stress upon Newman's
of his should choose to relate in full, from Greeley's
toric continuity, upon his application of the ' Recollections,' the old Fox River anecdote. The
theory of Evolution in his doctrine of develop caricatures of Lincoln, reproduced with other
ment, and upon the philosophical bearings of his similar cartoons, are startling in their hideous
implicit reason.' That his conclusions, as a coarseness, and make strikingly evident how
whole, are akin to Schopenhauer's’is a statement greatly our cartoonists have improved, both in
that will prove illuminating to the casual reader. taste and skill, since the early sixties. That the
The fact is that while the volume is professedly work under review is especially timely at this
devoted to Newman as an English prose classic, political season is of course apparent.
the chapters on · The Logic of Belief and · New-
man's Place in History are far and away the A parson friend
Like his great adversary Napoleon,
most interesting. So true is it that Newman, even
of the Duke the Duke of Wellington is being
of Wellington.
as the supreme master of English prose, yields in
made the subject of many essays,
interest to Newman the man. Dr. Barry's book is sketches, and biographies. The latest in this kind
agreeably written. At times it is perhaps a shade is a volume entitled ' Reminiscences of the Duke
fanciful or florid in style, but in tone it is emi-
of Wellington' (imported by Scribner), written
nently moderate and reasonable. But why should
by the late Rev. G. R. Gleig, and published by his
the author of a ' literary life’ misquote Milton
daughter sixteen years after his death. Mr.
(p. 140) ?
Gleig's long life of ninety-two years (1796-1888)
was a busy and honorable one. As a youth of
The pains and The humor and pathos, the sweet sixteen he volunteered in a regiment on its way
pleasures of gratifications and the bitter disap to take part in the Peninsular campaign, where he
office-seeking.
pointments of political life, are learned to know the Duke (then Marquis) of
agreeably portrayed with pen and pencil and Wellington. He had a taste of American service
camera in Mr. Joseph Bucklin Bishop's Our in the war of 1812, and wrote an account of the
Political Drama,' published by the Scott-Thaw Co. unhappy campaigns at Washington and New
Three magazine articles on national conventions, Orleans. A novel which he published in 1825,
presidential inaugurations, and early political called " The Subaltern,' based on the Peninsular
caricature in America, form the basis of this war and dedicated to the Duke, brought him into
attractive volume, which, without containing any. favorable notice. At this time Mr. Gleig was
thing of great novelty or importance, brings rector of Ash in Kent, and a near neighbor to
together from such sources as Greeley's and Walmer Castle, one of the Duke's residences. He
Weed's and Colonel McClure's political reminis was on friendly and even intimate terms with the
cences many readable items concerning public great man, whose confidence he shared, whose
men and public events. The parallelism in the views, with some modifications, he followed, and
careers of Clay, Webster, and Blaine, each of to whose political fortunes he was steadily loyal.
whom had the presidential bee persistently buzz In 1862 he published a ' Life of Wellington,' to
ing in his bonnet, is well brought out. Clay, which the present volume of 'Reminiscences
whose immortal declaration that he would rather must be regarded as an appendix. Leisurely put
be right than be president is more familiar than together in a serene old age, it is discursive and
its authorship, made at least one other pithy ut good-tempered; and we can smile indulgently at
terance, when, disappointed a third time in the the complacency with which the veteran Tory
hope of his life, he declared his inability to sup parson-politician records the good advice which
port the successful candidate (Taylor) who he
gave his illustrious patron, and which at times
had refused him his support four years the latter would have done well to follow. The
previously. Magnanimity is a noble virtue,' Duke's three residences, Walmer Castle, Strath-
said Clay, and I have always endeavored fieldsaye, and Apsley House, are pleasantly
to practice it; but it has its limits, and described; and there are sketches of various celeb-
the line of demarcation between it and rities who at different times were the Duke's
meanness is not always discernible.' The popular guests, among them Talleyrand, the Duke of
myth about Jefferson's democratic simplicity in Cumberland, Sir Robert Peel, Charles Arbuthnot
riding on horseback and unattended to his inaug and his charming wife (who played the role of
uration, hitching his animal to the palings and | Egeria very successfully) the second Marquis of
6


242
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
6
SO
Salisbury, and so on, down to such occasional ing, from the seven volumes of the original, pas-
guests as Billy 'Holmes and · Chin’ Grant. It sages which have a present interest and at the
cannot be said that these · Reminiscences' add
same time can be fitted one to another so as to
very much to what was previously known of Well present the aspect of a continuous narrative.
ington, whose singularly simple character, like his There is no doubt that the result is good reading.
good gray head,' was known of all men; but The Marquise (in the Memoirs at least) had a
they form an agreeable addendum to the more ready wit, oftenest barbed, and her reminiscences
formal biographies.
are full of quaint stories, clever bits of descrip-
tion, and graphic accounts of the brilliant court
Recollections A reminiscence of Rossetti too
circle in which she moved. She was a woman of
of Rossetti, fragmentary to interest many out-
by a Friend.
strong opinions, as witness her intense dislike of
side the cult is to be found in
• Recollections of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his
Voltaire, Talleyrand, and the House of Orleans,
her serene contempt for the plebeian Benjamin
Circle' by the late Henry Treffry Dunn. The
Franklin, and her undying devotion to her church
recollections are edited and annotated — rather
too liberally, we think — by Mr. Gale Pedrick.
and her king. Naturally, the Memoirs abound in
Mr. W. M. Rossetti furnishes a brief preface
color and variety. For their absolute veracity
there is not so much to be said. The Marquise
sanctioning the book, and the publishers, Messrs.
did not write them herself, except possibly a
James Pott & Co., have provided several unique
little of the first volume, and since the person who
illustrations in photogravure. Readers of Mr.
completed the work
William Rossetti's memoir of his brother will re-
as he alleged, with her
coöperation – was so careless as to mis-state and
member that Mr. Dunn lived with Rossetti for
mis-date events in the life of the supposed author,
many years in the capacity of companion,
it is not likely that he was over-scrupulous in
assistant, and disciple; this little book
other matters. The Memoirs represent, then, a
represents a genuine and intimate contribu-
tion to Rossetti's biography. A large part
mass of almost contemporary gossip and tradi-
tion, vivified by being put into the mouth of a
of it is occupied with an account of Mr.
Dunn's first visit to Rossetti. The painter,
witty and charming woman, who wishes her
grandson to profit by her wide experience of the
who was then a little under forty and at the
height of his mental power, received the visitor
world. The matter of authorship did not trouble
the book's first public, who, when the Memoirs
cordially and showed him over the picturesque old
Cheyne Row house – many rooms of which are
appeared in 1834, seized upon it with avidity,
described in detail in the Recollections '- and
finding verisimilitude if not truth in its contents.
So, if the author was a fabulist he was a clever
its ample grounds, where Rossetti kept his queer
collection of pets. They should hardly be called
one, with an exhaustive knowledge of his sub-
ject and an entertaining method, more trust-
pets, Mr. Dunn thinks. Rossetti was not fond of
animals, nor did he know much about them.
worthy at least than the historical novelist's, of
It was simply a passion he had for collecting, impressing upon his readers the atmosphere of
pre-revolutionary France.
just as he had for books, pictures, and china,
which impelled him to convert his house into a
Personalia and
"Men and Manners of the Third
sort of miniature South Kensington Museum and
politics of the Republic,' from the pen of Mr.
Zoo combined.' In his search for old blue Nan Third Republic. Albert D. Vandam, and published
kin, Rossetti had friendly rivals in Howell and
by Messrs. James Pott & Co., is the last volume
* Jimmy'Whistler, who had set the fashion. Mr.
we shall have from the popular author of ' An
Dunn tells an amusing story of a dinner-party
that Howell gave to celebrate a particularly
Englishman in Paris '; for death overtook him
before the book was quite ready for the press,
glorious find, and of a return dinner at which
and it was necessary for another hand to put the
Rossetti expected to be able to celebrate his
finishing touches to his manuscript. Long resi-
possession of the same beautiful dish. Another
dence in Paris, with abundant leisure and ample
interesting chapter deals with the experiments of
the Rossetti circle in table-turning, spirit-rapping,
means during at least a part of that period,
and mesmerism. Rossetti's latest biographer, Mr.
appears to have given the author pre-eminent
qualifications for detailing the gossip of the boule-
Arthur Benson, has suggested that the poet's
vards; and those interested in what he has to
personality: has been shown to the world in too
offer will find his chapters highly entertaining.
detailed a fashion and with too morbid a color-
ing; this little volume, slight yet impressive, and
Yet we must not convey a false impression: Mr.
Vandam also conducts us into the labyrinth of
dealing only with the best years of Rossetti's
French politics with a confidence in his own pow-
life, will help to swing the balance toward a saner
ers of guidance that is very wonderful. We learn
and more inspiring estimate of his complex char-
some new things which, if true, are noteworthy,-
acter.
for example, how very easily the sons of Louis
Bits from the Among the recent importations of Philippe could have saved their father's throne
Memoirs of Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. is in 1848 had they cared more for glory and less for
a Marquise.
• The French Noblesse of the money; and by what a mere accident the Third
Eighteenth Century,' translated by Mrs. Colqu- Republic came into existence in 1870, when Jules
houn Grant from the Memoirs of the Marquise Favre, at one o'clock in the morning of the mem-
de Créquy. The translation is a spirited one, and orable fourth of September, was permitted by a
Mrs. Grant has shown considerable skill in select compliant chairman to move the deposition of the


1904.]
243
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 150 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Emperor. To Mr. Vandam, Napoleon III. was
' every inch a king,' and Thiers, Gambetta, Grévy
and company are more or less objects of con-
tempt. As throwing an occasional side-light on
an important epoch in French history, the book
has its value; but one may question whether the
revival of memories intimately associated with
party quarrels and international hatreds tends to
promote the concord of nations, or even, when the
memoirs rise at times hardly above the level of
gossip, to contribute to the edification of the
individual reader.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
RECOLLECTIONS AND LETTERS OF GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE.
By his son, Captain Robert E. Lee. With photogravure
portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 461. Double-
day, Page & Co. $2.50 net.
AN IRISHMAN'S STORY, By Justin McCarthy. Large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 436. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALEXANDER BAIN, LL.D., Professor of
Logic and English, University of Aberdeen. With sup-
plementary chapter. With photogravure portraits,
large 8vo, pp. 449. Longmans, Green & Co. $5. net.
AUBREY DE VERE: A Memoir, based on his Unpublished
Diaries and Correspondence. By Wilfrid Ward. Illus,
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, pp. 420. Longmans,
Green & Co. $4.60 net.
THE LIFE OF MICHELAGNOLO BUONAROTTI. Collected by
Ascanio Condivi; trans. from the original Italian by
Herbert P. Horne. 8vo, uncut, pp. 86. Boston: The
Merrymount Press. $7.50 net.
A LIFE OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. By William J. Rolfe,
Litt. D. Illus. with etchings, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
551. Dana Estes & Co. $3.
THE ROMANCE OF ISABEL, LADY BURTON: The Story of her
Life. Told in part by herself and in part by W. H.
Wilkins. New edition, in one volume. Illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 778. Doda,
Mead & Co. $3.50 net.
cences
NOTES.
Two Autumn publications of Messrs. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. not previously announced are "Mine
and Thine,' a book of verse by Mrs. Florence Earle
Coates, and 'Cain,' a poetic drama by Mr. George
Cabot Lodge.
The first book by an American war correspondent
dealing with the present Eastern hostilities will
appear in Mr. Frederick Palmer's 'First Year's
Campaign,' to be issued immediately by Messrs.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
'In the Days of Chaucer,' by Mr. Tudor Jenks,
will form the first volume in a projected series
dealing with the lives of great writers, introduced
by Mr. Hamilton W. Mabie and published by
Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co.
A second volume of recollections by Madame
Adam (Juliet Lamber) will be published at once
by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. This will cover ‘My
Literary Life,' and will include personal reminis-
of George Sand, Alfred de Musset, and
Sainte-Beuve.
The 1905 edition of Messrs. Laird & Lee's handy
little “Diary and Time-saver' makes its appearance
in good season. Besides the diary proper there are
a number of good maps and much useful statistical
matter, the whole presented in a neat leather-bound
booklet for the vest pocket.
The long-awaited edition of Swinburne's com-
plete poetical works will be published this month
by Messrs. Harper & Brothers. The edition is in
six volumes, and will include the contents of the
poet's latest book, 'A Channel Passage,' now in
press. A long introductory letter to Mr. Theodore
Watts-Dunton is contained in the first volume.
Lafcadio Hearn, well known for his books on
Japanese subjects, died in Tokyo late last month.
He was born in June, 1850, at Leucadia, Santa
Maura, Ionian Islands. His childhood and boyhood
were passed in Wales, Ireland, England, and
France, and he was educated by a private tutor and
at various Roman Catholic schools and colleges. His
guardian, a grand-aunt, losing her property, young
Hearn was sent to America at the age of nineteen
to make his way. He learned the printer's trade in
Cincinnati, and afterwards became a journalist
there. He then went to New Orleans, where he
remained ten years as an editorial writer. In 1887
he went to the West Indies, two years later to New
York, and from there to Japan, where he found
employment as a teacher. He married a Japanese
wife, and became a subject of the empire, taking
the name of Y. Koizumi. In 1896 he was appointed
a lecturer on English literature in the Imperial
University of Tokyo, but he resigned this position
in 1903. His books, dealing mainly with the spirit.
ual life of Japan, number over fifteen.
HISTORY.
THE UNITED STATES: A History of Three Centuries; Popu.
lation, Politics, War, Industry, Civilization. By Will-
jam Estabrook Chancellor and Fletcher Willis Hewes.
To be complete in 10 parts. Part I., 1607-1697. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 533. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $3.50 net.
Gass's JOURNAL OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION.
By Sergeant Patrick Gass. New edition, edited by
James Kendall Hosmer, LL.D. Illus., 8vo, gilt top
uncut, pp. 298. A. C. McClurg & Co. $3.50 net.
THE HISTORY OF NEGRO SERVITUDE IN ILLINOIS, and of the
Slavery Agitation in that State, 1719-1864. By N.
Dwight Harris, Ph.D. Illus., 8vo, pp. 276. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.50 net.
THE COURTSHIP OF QUEEN ELIZABETH : A History of the
Various Negotiations for her Marriage. By Martin
Hume. Revised edition, with new chapters. With
photogravure portrait, large 8vo, pp. 404. McClure,
Phillips & Co. $3.50 net.
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 1493-1898. Edited by Emma
Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson; with
historical Introduction and additional Notes by Ed-
ward Gaylord Bourne, Vol. XVIII., 1617-1620. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, PP. 346. Cleveland :
Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben
Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Vol. VII., Ross's Adventures
of the First Settlers on the Oregon or Columbia River,
1810-1813. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 332.
Arthur H. Clark Co. $4, net.
HISTORY OF MARYLAND. By James McShery; edited and
continued by Bartlett B. James, Ph.D.Illus., large
8vo, pp. 437. Baltimore Book Co.
Penn's GREENE COUNTRY TOWNE: Pen and Pencil
Sketches of Early Philadelphia and Its Prominent
Characters. By Rev. S. F. Hotchkiss. Illus., 12mo,
uncut, pp. 216. Ferris & Leach.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A LATER PEPYS: The Correspondence of Sir William
Weller Pepys, Bart., Master in Chancery, 1758-1829.
Edited by Alice C. C. Gaussen. In 2 vols., illus.,
8vo, gilt tops, uncut. John Lane. $7.50 net.
COMPROMISES. By Agnes Repplier, Litt. D. 16mo, gilt
top, pp. 277. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.10 net.
RECREATIONS OF AN ANTHOLOGIST. By Brander Matthews.
16mo, gilt top, uneut, pp. 228. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1. net.
STUDIES OF A BOOKLOVER. By Thomas Marc Parrot. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 301. James Pott & Co.
$1.25 net.
AMERICAN SHORT STORIES . Selected and edited, with
Introductory Essay on the Short Story, by Charles
Sears Baldwin, A. M. 12mo, pp. 333. " Wampum
Library" Longmans, Green & Co. $1.40 net.
FREEDOM : A Play in Four Acts. By Alice Groff. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 58. R. G. Badger. $1.


244
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
OUR WEST INDIAN NEIGHBORS : The Islands of the Carib-
bean Sea, “ America's Mediterranean. By Freder-
ick A. Ober. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 433.
James Pott & Co. $2.50 net.
INDIAN LIFE IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. By Herbert Comp-
ton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 281. Our Asiatic Neigh-
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RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
WHERE DOES THE SKY BEGIN? By Washington Gladden.
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$1.25 net.
IDEALS OF SCIENCE AND FAITH : Essays by Various Auth-
ors. Edited by Rev. J. E. Hand. 12mo, pp. 333.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.60 net.
SCIENCE AND IMMORTALITY. By William Osler, M.D.
16mo, gilt top, pp. 54. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 85
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THE GOSPEL AND THE CHURCH. By Al Loisy ; trans.
by Christopher Howe. 12mo, pp. 277. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1. net.
THE ETHICAL TEACHING OF JESUS. By Charles Augustus
Briggs, D. D. 8vo, pp. 293. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
FROM EPICURUS TO CHRIST: A Study in the Principles
of Personality. By William De Witt Hyde. 12mo,
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THE MIND OF WHITTIER: A Study of Whittier's Funda-
mental Religious Ideas. By Chauncey J. Hawkins.
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pp. 333.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD
LITERATURE.
CERTAINE SONETS WRITTEN BY SIR PHILIP SIDNEY. 16mo,
uncut, pp. 48. The Riverside Press. $4. net.
THE INTELLECTUAL LIFE. By Philip Gilbert Hamerton.
Illustrated edition ; illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo,
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THE SPANISH CONQUEST IN AMERICA . By Sir Arthur
Helps; edited by M. Oppenheim. Vol. IV., complet-
ing the work. With maps, 12mo, pp. 374. John
Lane. $1.50 net.
FROM THE GARDEN OF HELLAS : Translations into Verse
from the Greek Anthology. By Lilla Cabot Perry.
New edition ; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 142. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
FICTION.
THE FOOD OF THE GODs, and How It Came to Earth. By
H. G. Wells. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 329. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1.50.
TRAFFICS AND DISCOVERIES. By Rudyard Kipling. Out-
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(Sold only in sets by subscription.)
BLACK FRIDAY. By Frederick S. Isham. Illus., 12mo,
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Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
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millan Co. $1.50.
BEVERLY OF GRAUSTARK. By George Barr McCutcheon.
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THE SOLDIER OF THE VALLEY. By Nelson Lloyd. Illus.,
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THE BETRAYAL. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illus., 12mo,
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THE LOVES OF MISS ANNE. By S. R. Crockett. With
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THE PRIVATE TUTOR. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. 12mo,
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THE HAPPY AVERAGE. By Brand Whitlock. 12mo, pp.
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TOMMY & Co. By Jerome K, Jerome. Illus., 12mo, pp.
337. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
THE MASTERY. By Mark Lee Luther. 12mo, gilt top,
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BLAZED TRAIL STORIES, and Stories of the Wild Life. Ву
Stewart Edward White. With frontispiece in color,
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GOD'S GOOD MAN: A Simple Love Story. By Marie Cor-
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THE HOUSE OF FULFILMENT. By George Madden Martin.
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MANASSAS: A Novel of the War. By Upton Sinclair.
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HELEN ALLISTON. By the author of “ Elizabeth's Chil-
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THE FLIGHT OF A MOTH. By Emily Post. With frontis-
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ROLAND OF ALTENBURG. Ву Edward Mott Woolley.
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THE REVELATION OF HERSELF. By Mary Farley Sanborn.
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SECRET HISTORY OF TODAY : Being Revelations of a Dip-
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310. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
DEACON LYSANDER. By Sarah Pratt McLean Greene.
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Co. $1.25.
THE DESPOILERS: Being the Story of a Missing Will and
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MORE CHEERFUL AMERICANS. By Charles Battell Loomis.
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THE CREST OF THE LITTLE WOLF: A Tale of "The Young
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THE GOOD OF THE WICKED, and The Party Sketches. By
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DAN BLACK, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR . By Seymour Eaton.
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ing Co.
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PP. 402.
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283. John Lane. $1.50 net.
FIRST CONDITIONS OF HUMAN PROSPERITY. By Hon. R.
Russell. 12mo, pp. 156. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
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A GUIDE TO THE BEST HISTORICAL NOVELS AND TALES.
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PITMAN'S COMMERCIAL SPELLER: A Book of Reference
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OUR CHRISTMAS TIDES. By Theodore Ledyard Cuyler,
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CATS BY THE WAY. By Sarah E. Trueblood. Illus.,
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Pp. 327.
A
pp. 190.


1904.]
245
THE DIAL
By
A BOOK OF LITTLE Boys. By Helen Dawes Brown. Illus.,
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TALES OF A POULTRY FARM. By Clara Dillingham Pierson.
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THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
No. 441.
NOVEMBER 1, 1904. Vol. XXXVII.
CONTENTS.
NOTES ON EUROPEAN LIBRARIES.
PAGE
259
A CRITIC ON CRITICISM. Charles Leonard Moore 261
COMMUNICATION .
A New Species of University. T. D. A. Cockerell 264
A NEW PORTRAIT OF “OLD HICKORY.”
Charles H. Cooper
265
A BIOGRAPHY OF THE MIND. Annie Russell
Marble
267
.
MODERN BIBLE STUDIES. Ira M. Price
268
Kent's Narratives of the Beginnings of Hebrew
History.--Todd's Politics and Religion in Ancient
Israel. — Prothero's The Psalms in Human Life.
NOTES ON EUROPEAN LIBRARIES.
In connection with the annual meeting of the
American Library Association, held this Fall at
St. Louis, and given something of an interna-
tional character by the presence of numerous
visitors from abroad, the monthly periodical,
Public Libraries,' has devoted the greater part
of its October issue to a series of special articles
upon library conditions in other countries than
our own. These papers include, besides reports
from England, the British Colonies, and Japan,
an account, partly historical, partly descriptive,
of public library work in Germany, Austria,
Denmark, Sweden, Holland, Finland, Switzer-
land, and France. The matter provided is
extremely interesting, and we have thought it
desirable to make a summary of its principal
features, accompanied by such comment as they
seem to call for.
The public library idea in Germany finds its
earliest sponsor in Martin Luther. The great
reformer is quoted as exhorting the aldermen of
all German cities to establish Christian schools,
and to 'spare neither diligence nor expense to
provide good libraries or book houses." He
even goes on to specify the sort of books that
these libraries should contain, making it clear
that he has in view the needs of the people at
large rather than those of the learned profes-
sions. The real beginning of popular libraries
in the modern sense has, however, a much more
recent date than the sixteenth century. It is
ascribed to the impress made by American
example upon the historian Raumer, who visited
this country in 1841, was astonished to find our
working-people so well read, and, upon his return
home, set about the establishment of the Volks-
bibliotheken in Berlin. The fact of fundamental
importance about German library conditions is
that almost everywhere there is a hard and fast
distinction between the Stadtbibliothek and the
Volksbibliothek. The former is a vast insti-
tution which the general public is not encour-
aged to use; the latter is a meagre collection of
such third-rate literature as the masses of the
people are supposed to be able to appreciate. In
many such libraries, we are told, the books of
such men as Heyse, Keller, and Storm are not
to be found, because they are imagined to be
over the heads' of the people. The superior-
ity of our American idea of a single general col-
lection for all classes of readers is very apparent,
and it is now being copied in such few of the
PATRICK GASS, AMERICAN EXPLORER.
Edwin Erle Sparks .
270
A MEDIAEVAL PRINCESS. William Elliot Griffis 271
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. H. E.
Coblentz.
272
Gibbons's Africa from South to North through
Marotseland. —Shoemaker's The Heart of the
Orient. — Burdick's The Mystic Mid-Region. —
Hanbury's Sport and Travel in the Northland of
Canada. — A Norwegian Ramble. — Ober's Our
West Indian Neighbors. — Moore's A Year in
Europe.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
275
The story of the courtships of Queen Elizabeth. -
The weather as influencing human conduct.
Chapters on literary men and themes. — An
analysis and study of Herbert Spencer. - His-
tories of the South American Republics. — The
mind and religion of Whittier. — Indian life in
town and country.-An introduction to psychology.
BRIEFER MENTION .
277
278
.
NOTES
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
278
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
279


260
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
German municipalities as are not impeded by mankind in their present desperate effort to
the existence of a Stadtbibliothek upon an preserve their racial ideals from absorption by
ancient foundation. But the prevalent German the mighty empire which controls their political
arrangement, which provides, as has been neatly destinies.
said, 'public libraries for the professor and the We are again reminded of New England
washerwoman,' forces large classes of the most (this time by contrast), when we read the open-
intelligent readers to get their books through ing paragraph of the account of Dutch public
private channels. In technical and professional libraries. The writer says: While the state
matters, American influences are gradually mak of Massachusetts has 351 towns with free
ing themselves felt; but it will be a long time libraries and two towns without them, there
before the conservative ruling classes will come are in the whole Kingdom of the Netherlands
to appreciate the educational mission of the only two towns with such an institution. This
library as we have now come to realize it in the does not mean, however, that there are no popu-
United States.
lar libraries of other kinds. On the contrary,
A condition of affairs closely resembling that there are many such, established by societies and
existing in Germany is found in Denmark, subscription. But Dordrecht and Groningen
which also presents the two types of library are the only towns that have free public libraries
the large central (city or university) collection, in our understanding of the term.
and the inadequate people's library, which we Austria, with its mixed population, makes a
are told is mainly of importance in giving fair account of itself, although the popular
access to good fiction. Even in the capital, libraries are almost without exception the result
the popular libraries contain only a few thou- of private or social enterprise, and may be used
sand volumes each, and are open for only two only upon the payment of a small fee. Vienna
or three hours in the evening. The village and provides public support for its public libraries
parish libraries are upon an even more modest to the amount of about ten thousand dollars a
scale than this, having in some cases not more year, and this subsidy, in addition to the fees,
than a few hundred volumes, and being grateful results in a circulation of over three millions.
for a state subsidy of two or three dollars a year. Little Switzerland, also a country of mixed
Yet the Danes are great readers, and are so population, does much better than the great
thoroughly appreciative of what opportunities Empire. A library census taken nearly forty
they have that the librarian may regard the years ago showed more than two thousand
country as offering particularly fruitful soil for libraries whose 'express purpose was the satisfy-
his missionary labors.
ing of the demand for reading, of whatever
Swedish conditions are naturally a good deal character, of any considerable and varying num-
like Danish conditions. In the country, the ber of people. Conditions have improved
parish libraries seldom contain above five hun- greatly since that reckoning, but it is interest-
dred volumes. The people's library of Gothen- | ing to know that, even then, few places were
burg, the outcome of private philanthropy, with so small or so remote as to be entirely without
a fine building and nine thousand books, comes the civilizing agency of a collection of books for
nearer than any other institution in Sweden to public use.
public use. The national library at Bern now
resembling an American public library. In comes near to the American ideal of a great pub-
Stockholm also, private philanthropy and coöp- lic library. Its use is absolutely free, and, upon
erative enterprise have provided several collec payment of postage, residents of any part of
tions that are largely used by the working- / Switzerland can have books sent to them, up to
classes.
six volumes at a time. State and municipal
The story of Finland's libraries is the record library appropriations have largely increased of
of a pathetic struggle for culture against poverty late years, and professional ideas of manage-
and adverse conditions generally. There are ment are rapidly gaining ground.
now in the country, besides the subsidized or The last of our notes has France for its sub-
endowed libraries of the towns, about eighteen ject, this being the only Latin country repre-
hundred parish libraries. In fact, nearly every
sented in the series of articles which has served
Finnish parish has one or more libraries, a state us for material. We are told at the start that
of things which cannot help reminding us of the public library system of France has been
the New England towns. These libraries are developed largely through the inspiration re-
very small affairs naturally, averaging two or ceived originally from an American, and that
three hundred volumes each, and the bibliothe our own Benjamin Franklin.' It was a Frank-
cary' is rewarded by the munificent salary of lin Society, founded by one M. Girard about
five or ten dollars annually. But the Finns are half a century ago, that inaugurated the move-
zealous in the pursuit of popular education, and ment for popular libraries in France, and has
are entitled to the warmest sympathies of all I supported that movement ever since. These


1904.]
261
THE DIAL
6
on.
libraries are not free, but the fees exacted are tesque; and then Horror, and the forms of
small, and do not prevent the books from being Tragedy, start up beyond. And these matters
widely circulated. The collections are of a prac can only be debated in the terms of æsthetic
tical character, and are used mainly by working and metaphysic, — terms which have been pol-
people.
ished and worn by twenty-five centuries of use.
We must, for all Professor Saintsbury, go to the
Germans for such discussion; or, in English,
to Bosanquet's History of Æsthetic, or Sydney
A CRITIC ON CRITICISM.
Colvin's admirable little treatise on the Fine
Professor George Saintsbury's History of
Arts.
Criticism is more than a book it is an explor-
But Professor Saintsbury has a clue that
ation, almost a conquest. One might picture
leads him through the labyrinths of art, - a
Professor Saintsbury as Herakles - or was it magic book that protects him against the
Dionysius — returning in triumph from India
demons and misleading phantoms of philosophy.
with a mighty train of captives, noble chiefs
I remember once hearing a drunken man in a
and savage anthropophagi, elephants and tigers, from which he had just risen. “We had crackers
street-car discourse to himself about a repast
harnessed hydras and chimeras dire. That any
and cheese - and sardines — and cheese and
man, living under the security of modern laws
crackers
and in the comfort of modern society, should
and crackers and beer and crack-
venture into the dens and lairs of all the wild
ers and cheese,'— so his monologue ran
animals of criticism of all Europe and, engagot Saintsbury has had Longinus — and Aristotle
Similarly, at his banquet of criticism Professor
ing them single-handed, should bring them
forth to the light for our horror or our mirth,
- and Longinus — and Horace — and Quinti-
makes us think better of our species. In all
lian — and Longinus — and Scaliger and
soberness, Professor Saintsbury's scholarship
Boileau — and Longinus. What is there in
and industry are alike prodigious; and not less Longinus to be so overwhelming and efficacious ?
remarkable are the ease and unfailing gayety street, which Shakespeare would have liked,
‘Mass, I cannot tell!'Or, in a locution of the
with which they are displayed.
The present writer can only claim acquaint-
' Search me!' The little book “On the Sub-
ance with the greater of the critics with whom
lime’ is a magnificent rhapsody about literature.
Professor Saintsbury deals. Of others he can
It stirs one like the sound of the trumpet. Any
say with Shelley, “I looked on them nine sev-
man ought to write more nobly from reading
eral days, and then I saw that they were bad.”
it. But of actual teaching, its content is null.
Nevertheless, with acknowledgements for intel-
One might almost sum up Longinus's theory in
lectual obligations and deference for superior
a score of words. "The poet must be inspired,
scholarship, he must join issue with the his- and he must communicate his ecstacy to his
torian of criticism on some points of doctrine.
readers by means of fit and perfect words.'
What is there wonderful in that? Plato almost
Even the historian of a subject may be mistaken
or blinded by partisanship. The late George exactly anticipated it, and Byron glimpses it in
Henry Lewes's History of Philosophy is one of
the couplet from ' Don Juan,'-
the cleverest books of its kind, - but it is a
• The best of life is but intoxication ;
Man, being reasonable, must get drunk.'
review of metaphysics by a man who was inca-
pable of knowing what metaphysics meant. I Longinus's theory is true, it is the truest
would not venture to intimate anything of the kind of truth; but it takes us only a short way
sort in regard to Professor Saintsbury, but so on in the study of literature.
far at least in his progress he has in great Mr. Saintsbury's affection for Longinus is
measure shirked the problems of Æsthetic. He only one sign of the fact that from the begin-
is, indeed, rather fond of the Arnoldesque pose ning he has taken sides in the great perennial
of being a plain man who can see very little use conflict of criticism, the conflict between idea
in the subtleties of philosophy. He may be and form. His denial of the supremacy of
right. But they have a saying in South design, his negation of matter, his love for the
America that if you twitch a liana on the bor mot propre, are completing indications. One
ders of Bolivia you will disturb the President can hardly write on such matters without tak-
at Rio,-so interminable and intertangled are ing sides; but an historian should be impartial.
the vines and foliage of that primeval forest. And however the literary critics may divide on
In the same way, one can hardly touch a ques this question, it is certain that Professor
tion of literary art without causing a commo Saintsbury has the great writers against him.
tion all along the line. You speak of Beauty, It would seem that the supreme masters, having
and that brings up the problem of the Gro for their birthright the gift of language, or soon


262
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
acquiring it, never tire of pouring contempt on words, in order to make us see and feel and
the traffickers in phrase and word. Shake smell the objects they describe. The really great
speare's first comedy, 'Love's Labor Lost,' is writer simply has a soul filled with passions,
largely devoted to the ridicule of the phrase- emotions, thoughts. He expresses them, he
mongers, the language refiners of his day. He cares little how, — and the world has a posses-
makes Pistol caricature Marlowe's strutting sion forever.
speech. He interrupts the preciosity of Polo Is there anything much more ridiculous than
nius with more matter with less art.' Osric the theory of the mot propre as formulated by
offends Hamlet, and Hotspur cannot down with Flaubert and other French writers? That each
the fine speeches of the perfumed courtier. It idea or object has one sole and only word
is the same with Moliére. He devotes two plays, belonging to it, — that they are like Plato's
the ‘Précieuses Ridicules' and the 'Femmes original round four-armed and four-legged ani-
Savantes,' to setting forth for all time the mal, which the gods cut in half and so made
absurdities of preciosity and pedantry in style. man and woman, who have been hunting each
And he makes Alceste offend Oronté by prefer- other ever since, or, a better resemblance, that
ring the plain, simple old ballad-style to the they are like the ticket number and the prize in
wonderful word concoctions of that pseudo the two wheels of the lottery; such is the famous
poet. Goethe, in his autobiography, laughs at mot propre delusion. The writers who adopt it
image-hunters and writers who imagine adject- will not accept the fact that words are merely
ives will do the work of ideas. Practically all arbitrary sounds or signs to denote ideas and
the discussions in his correspondence with things. Adam named all the creatures in the
Schiller are discussions about ideas. Neither of beginning, and if we only had his nomenclature
these poets seems to have taken much more there might be something in the sacred conjugal
thought for language than birds do for the notes coupling of words and things. But the tower
they utter. Schopenhauer, a great critic as well of Babel put an end to all that. It is futile and
as philosopher, says again and again that it is pedantic to give examples of the arbitrariness
weight of matter, and that alone, which makes of words; but one or two may be worth while.
style. Matthew Arnold, towards the end of his I take the names applied to the ocean.
In
life, said to a friend, 'The young men come to Greek we have Thalatta; in Latin, Mare or
me and think I can teach them style! Style! Aequor; in German, Meer; and in English, seo.
Let them have something to say, and say
it Which of those is the mot propre for the ocean?
clearly and concisely, and they will have style.' Or take the French word ondoyant and the Eng-
What more, indeed, could they need?
lish equivalent waving. To my fancy both of
have something to say you are original, and if these words have, what is very rare, a quality
you can say it you are an artist, and there's of sound indicative of the meaning. But if one
an end on't. Yet Professor Saintsbury seems of them is the sole and only word to denote the
to think that words, divested of matter and thing, what is the other? Of course, what the
devoid of design, may somehow form themselves French writers mean by the mot propre, though
into things of beauty, — may become style. It they do not say so, is the phrase rather than the
is the theory of the spontaneous evolution of the single word. But the phrase is a matter of asso-
universe, in miniature.
ciation of ideas. Give two writers of equal
Rather curiously, the least satisfactory part, talent the same thing to describe, and they will
historically, of Professor Saintsbury's work is certainly describe it differently, but very likely
his treatment of the great stylistic delusion equally well. And this is necessary; for if it
which began with Marino in Italy, and was were not the case, if there were only certain
spread by Lylly and the Euphuists in England, inevitable words to describe each idea or thing
by Gongora in Spain, and by the Ladies of the then there would soon ensue that Finality of
Hôtel Rambouillet in France. He deals with it, expression which Professor Saintsbury very
of course, but hardly attaches the importance to rightly dreads. The proper words for every-
it that it deserves, in the way of terrible example. thing would soon be caught; lists would be
It was the first widespread adoration of the drawn up, and tabulated, and there would be
word in literature; the second is in operation an end of literature.
to-day. We have again the refinements and If Professor Saintsbury is more certain of
subtleties of language, - the nuance,
the one thing than of any other, it is that pleasure
'impression,' the 'symbol,' the mot propre. All is the sole end of art, and that beauty is the
those are simply our old euphuistic friends with means by which it achieves its purpose. He
fresh-washed faces. Authors again call on their says of Milton's theodicy, that it is a noble
friends to behold the birth of a phrase, as Kings error.' One would like to know what Milton
used to bring their courtiers into the Queen's would have said of him,
would have said of him, - Milton, who thought
chamber to witness the delivery of a prince. that in order to write a noble poem one must
Writers explain to us how hard they labor with first achieve a noble life; Milton, who said that
If you


1904.)
263
THE DIAL
he “dared be known to think our sage and songs, at other times we are their slaves and
serious Spenser a better teacher of moral excel do their errands and bear their messages
lence than Aquinas or Augustine'; Milton, who through the world.
wrote his great poem to vindicate the ways of In one of the best passages of his book Pro-
God to man. One would like to know, too, what fessor Saintsbury adjures us to throw away the
Dante would have said to Professor Saintsbury notion of Finality in literature, to discard the
enlisting him, on the score of a few careless tyranny of rules and kinds, to do away
with
sentences, in the ranks of the followers of tradition and authority, and accept what novel
beauty and preciosity, - Dante, whose mind theories or fresh forms of art may offer them-
more than that of any other man was filled selves to us and judge them on their own merits.
with images of gloom and horror; who valued It is well and justly urged. Partisans of the
words mainly as weapons with which to smite past are usually foes of the future. Yet how
his foes, or as torches to reveal his God. A are we to know the good and true in the
moment's examination of any absolutely
absolutely innumerable novelties which are offered us?
supreme piece of literature will show, it seems Are we, like Falstaff's Lion, certain to recognize
to me, the falsity of the theory that pleasure is the true Prince ? It is quite doubtful.
the end of art, beauty the means. Take, for Inherited traditions and trained tastes are at
instance, 'King Lear,' possibly the most tre least powerful' helps to correct judgment; and
mendous exhibition of creative energy which though hard to get at and difficult to hold, there
exists in literature. Beauty may be dismissed are standards of measurement more certain
at once as having much concern with this work. than the foot of the reigning King. Professor
Save in a few scenes relating to Cordelia or Saintsbury recommends us to apply the queries
Kent, there is no beauty in the action. There is 'Why?' and 'Why Not?' alike to old rules and
little beauty even in the language. Shakespeare new theories of art. Let us do so, by all means;
troubles himself not at all with melodies or but let us take a wide enough cast in answering
harmonies, with pictures of charm or perfection. them. In England and America today the
The verse shrills and crashes and rolls in deafen militant, dominant writers hold theories of
ing discord over a blasted and ruined world. art which, I imagine, must offend everyone of
Psychical deformities, physical horrors, mad Professor Saintsbury's instincts and convictions.
nesses and deaths, are piled one upon another. To these writers, Shakespeare, Milton, Keats,
Everything is wrapped in the hues of earth are already classics as cold in their remote-
quake and eclipse. That beauty is the body of ness as the Greeks. To them, the criticism of
such a work, pleasure its purpose, it is monstrous Coleridge, Hazlitt, Arnold, and Lowell is as
to think. The words are absurd in their antiquated as the neo-classical criticism is to
inadequacy, almost banality. Were all the Professor Saintsbury. To them prose is a better
critics of Christendom to accept such a theory, medium of expression than verse,- poetry
I would not accept it. And we do not have being, indeed, in their view, as obsolete as the
to accept it. Aristotle's view, that the use garments of our grandfathers. To them, the
of tragedy is for purification, discipline, instruc final and finest forms of literature are either
tion, training in heroism and virtue, is much the long novel mirroring the dull facts of life
nearer the mark. The notion that pleasure is with painful accuracy, or the short story
the end of art is akin to the selfish view of modeled after the newspaper paragraph, and
ethics which postulates that men will make no like the flash of a policeman's lantern on some
effort, will put forth no energy, save for their sordid scene.
I do not think any of these beliefs
own good. It is not so. Duty and Honor are will please Professor Saintsbury; but how is he
in the world. It is not exactly for pleasure that going to defend us from them, if he throws
men are being killed or mangled on the glacis overboard tradition, authority, and comparison
or in the fortress of Port Arthur. It is not with the past? CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
exactly for pleasure that Lieutenant Peary and
his alien comrades push into the icy deserts of
the north. It was not exactly for pleasure, I
Mr. Frederick Starr has made an interesting col-
imagine, that Professor Saintsbury himself has
lection of representative extracts from the writ-
ings of modern Mexican authors, and the volume
poked into the literary dust-bins of twenty-four which contains them, now issued by the Open
centuries in order to write his book. And it is Court Publishing Co., will introduce readers to
not for pleasure solely, or largely, that we deal
some thirty writers, nearly all of them living,
whose names are almost wholly unknown to our
with literature. We do not read the great poets public, although we are the nearest of Mexico's
and philosophers because we would, but because neighbors. All the chief literary categories are
we must. They not only fascinate, they com represented in these pages, and the translations
mand; they do not only delight, they dominate.
given are extremely literal. The editor has made
a point of selecting passages that are strictly Mexi-
If at times we are their masters, and sit in
can in theme, which gives a two-fold value to these
pleac oase lulled by their pipings and their 'Readings from Modern Mexican Authors.'


264
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
COMMUNICATION.
A NEW SPECIES OF UNIVERSITY.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
There has recently appeared in the advertising
pages of certain magazines a prospectus of a new
and remarkable institution, established in the
City of Washington. Its name is the Intercon-
tinental Correspondence University, and its
motto is 'The World our Class Room. There is
no mention of the other planets.
The President of this institution, Dr. Channing
Rudd, has issued a pamphlet entitled “The Per-
sonal Statement of the President,' which is sent
to all who apply. It contains a 'foreword' which
states that
* WE,
David J. Brewer,
Henry Billings Brown,
Walter C. Clephane,
Chauncey M. Depew,
George F. Hoar,
Edward Everett Hale,
Martin A. Knapp,
Henry B. F. Macfarland,
Channing Rudd,
have founded the Intercontinental Correspondence
University because we believe that there is a field
in the educational world unoccupied, and that this
field is as broad as the world itself,' etc., etc.
• 2 Just to refresh your memory, I will briefly mention
some well-known facts about my co-founders.' [They fol-
low, in the manner of Who's Who.']
Turning over the page, we find the personal
statement itself, beginning thus :
"Do YOU
Need, or want, or desire, or wish
A better educational equipment for the business
of life?
A better special education ?
A better general education?
A better partial education ?
Any item of information!
Any part of any phase of knowledge?
The mastery of any subject?
or any part of any subject?'
It is understood that this is not intended for
a skit on Walt Whitman. It is not even
intended to be poetry. But let us proceed:
" There are thousands of men and women in the
world today who need a better education, and to
whom such an education has heretofore been out of
reach.
I am in a position to say to these
men and women, and do say, write to me and I will
assist you in learning anything you desire to know.
I am in a position to say this without qualification.
There is no department of knowledge which can not
be taught, and I am prepared to demonstrate that
any department of knowledge which can be taught,
can be taught by mail. We shall, therefore, teach
everything which is teachable. For this reason our
institution is called a University. It is universal
in its function as a teacher. It embraces everything.
It omits nothing. An undertaking the like of which
has never heretofore been attempted in the history
of the world. .. I believe that the methods
that prevail in many schools, colleges and univer-
sities are antiquated and old-fashioned.
This University gives just as thorough an education
as any school, college or university in the world,
but it is stripped of all unnecessary hampering by
method.'
Where is to be found the faculty who will
thus dispense all wisdom? We turn the pages
with bated breath, fearing to learn that the
professors of Harvard, Oxford, Cambridge, and
Berlin have seceded in a body and are now on
their way to Washington. But not so; the
faculties of those places are fossilised, anyway,
and would be quite unsuited for the I. C. U.
"The Faculty of the I. C. U. is divided into two
groups - the Regular Faculty and the Advisory
Faculty. Space does not permit_me to tell you
about all of the various Deans, Professors, Text-
writers, Instructors, etc. It is sufficient to state
that I have placed at the head of these Faculties
two of the ablest and most efficient educators in the
world.'
We then learn that Dr. J. F. Crowell is Edu-
cational Director, and Dr. W. T. Harris is
Chairman of the Advisory Faculty. Not
another member of the numerous faculties is
mentioned. “Dr. Harris,'— the name sounds
familiar; oh yes, to be sure:
• William Torrey Harris, LL. D.,12 is recognized
throughout the civilized globe as one of the fore-
most educators of any age. Thousands call him the
greatest living philosopher; Americans call him the
Chief of the greatest Educational system, and all
recognize in him a tremendous power for good. Not
on account of these things, but because of his true
worth as a scholar, a thinker and a man - did we
choose him as the Chairman of our Advisory Fac-
ulty.'
And a foot note:
• 12 As you know, the public school system of the United
States is the best in the world. It has over fifteen million
students, and over four hundred and thirty thousand
teachers. The annual expenditure is over two hundred
and twenty-six million dollars, of which the teachers
receive one hundred and forty-two million dollars in
annual salaries. The Chairman of our Advisory Faculty,
Hon. William Torrey Harris, has been for fifteen years,
and is now, at the head of this great system.'
It is not explicitly stated that the said system
will be annexed to the I. C. U.
The president also sends a typwrittten letter.
As it is manifestly of a circular nature, and
was in reply to a perfectly bald request for the
pamphlet, it may be permissible to quote:
'My dear Mr. Cockerell:
'I take great pleasure in complying with your
request.
I hope that you will carefully fol.
low the little “heart to heart" talk contained in
the “ statement, " and let me know what you think
of it.
There are doubtless some things it
leaves unexplained.
The chief aim in life is
progress. No matter how high a position you
occupy, you can progress. It is our purpose to help
you advance, to lead forth and chrystalize (sic)
your ambitions and aptitudes into first-class ability.
We want you to be a pleasure and profit to your-
self and your associates. We want you to become
a useful laborer in the great workshop of human
endeavor. So let us begin together, you and I —
and let me hear from you soon.
Yours, for knowledge.'
What are we to say to all this? I have not
.
6
-


1904.]
265
THE DIAL
son.
quoted all the above for the sake of mere
hilarity. It is a serious matter for this country
The New Books.
that it should be possible for a body of men of
undoubted high ability and wide reputation to
A NEW PORTRAIT OF “OLD HICKORY."*
put forth such a scheme, heralded in such a
manner. To me, it seems from beginning to A new portrait of the most unique of the
end in the most wretched taste; yet it cannot great Americans who have reached the highest
so seem to the promoters, who are no innocents positions in military and civil life is to be
from an unswept corner of the world. Probably welcomed. We have the great work of Parton,
it will seem all right to a large section of the written more than a generation ago; the hostile
public. If I am wrong, may I be forgiven; study of Professor Sumner, who condemned
but frankly, I should despair of a nation to almost everything that Jackson favored, while
which the prospectus of the I. C. U. appeared a he appreciated the quality of his manhood; the
fit and natural thing. Setting aside the ques-appreciative sketch of Mr. W. G. Brown; and
tion of taste, it appears to me to be nonsense. the studies of Jackson to be found in the his-
Every scientific man believes in the correspon tories of the times. 'Still there is room for a
dence method, conducts a correspondence school new study of this remarkable man from the
himself. I have nothing against the method in point of view of today, and the greatness of his
reason; but to advance the view that education influence upon the development of our institu-
by correspondence is a fit substitute for per tions and our political life would seem to
sonal contact is a totally different matter. It demand it.
is the result of a mechanical conception of edu Mr. Buell, who did not live to see his book
cation which is the natural and hateful product in print, has written with enthusiasm for his
of a commercial age. Moreover, even if it were subject, and has put into the work a great
possible to teach as well through the mails as amount of labor; but he can hardly be said to
any other way, where is the faculty to come have met the demand for a modern life of Jack-
from? Money will not multiply the really first His letters show that from the reading
class men in the country, and what is more,
of his first book at the age of seven years,
such men will not follow the methods of the Judge Alexander Walker's ‘Jackson and New
I. C. U., which would be extremely wasteful of Orleans,' — when his
Orleans,' — when his imagination and his
their time and energy. It is all very well to interest were captured, the personality and
be a trustee or the chairman of a faculty, but achievements of General Jackson have been a
it is not without reason that we hear nothing life-study with Mr. Buell, and that he has not
about the names of the actual teachers. Prob- only read everything in print or manuscript
ably the faculties will really contain some well that he could find concerning him, but that an
known names, but of necessity the work of even more important part of his preparation
teaching, where ‘You may start at any time. for writing this book were personal interviews
There are no regular classes; you will be in a with many of those who had known General
class by yourself' will have to be turned over Jackson as friends and acquaintances; and some
to the mules of the profession.
of these interviews bring out the personality of
There is undoubtedly a useful field for a cor the subject most vividly.
respondence-school in Washington. A body of The book is very interesting, for Mr. Buell's
reasonably competent men, able to consult the long experience in newspaper work has taught
national libraries and collections and extract him how to tell a story well, and the career of
desired information therefrom, would be very Jackson furnishes material that even a poor
serviceable. A great amount of such work is writer could hardly make uninteresting. But
done by the Government Bureaus, and I think with all his facility as a writer, and his study
very properly and usefully; but it might very and loving care in working out the story of
well be supplemented by an institution charging Jackson's life, he fails through lack of judicial
fees for work not properly within the scope of
fairness to make a biography which shall satisfy
the government, or too extensive for it to under the thoughtful student of our national life.
take. I formerly hoped that the Carnegie Insti While he seems to try to be fair, he has adopted
tution might do this sort of work, and if the many of Jackson's own prejudices, and the book
I. C. U. can settle down to this or any other fails to ring true for this reason. And to some
reasonable field of activity we may be duly of these prejudices he gives expression so often
thankful. If it can then find a more acceptable that the reader loses sympathy with him in his
name, we may even come to regard it with
narrative. One of these prejudices is that
affection :-- but it was asked of old, how shall
the leopard change his spots ?
Soldier, Politician, President. By Augustus C. Buell.
With portraits. New York: Charles
T. D. A. COCKERELL. Scribner's Sons.
* HISTORY
OF
ANDREW JACKSON :
Pioneer, Patriot,
In two volumes.


266
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
against England. In a letter quoted by the ness, his readiness to fight on small provocation
publishers in their preface to the work, he says: and to kill his opponent if that opponent had
It is at least an American book — not an Eng- touched the sensitive spots in his being, his
lish one, like Parton's. I could not have writ ineradicable prejudices, his readiness to impute
ten an Anglomaniac book if I had tried; but if the worst motives to any persons, however
I had tried and succeeded, it would not have exalted in character or position, who opposed
been Jackson. It is hard for him to mention him or who disagreed with him on public ques-
England without a fling at her arrogance, her tions, his arbitrary conduct in office, overriding
greed, and her duplicity; and he gloats over the instructions of his superiors and the law
her failures and misfortunes in her relations that limited his power, — all of these faults,
with us, as Jackson himself did. Mr. Buell and many others, are evident to one who reads
also shares Jackson's hatred for Clay and Cal this book. Yet the author does not dwell upon
houn, and sees for the most part only petti- | them as do hostile writers, while he is always
fogging partisanship in their acts. New Eng- ready to plead extenuating circumstances and
land and her statesmen also seem to irritate conditions. In this attitude toward his subject
him, and he shows very little veneration for we agree with him; for the best possible case
Webster and John Quincy Adams, though there should always be made out for one who has
is in his comments on them nothing of the held high place in power and in the love of
venom that he has put into whatever he has the people. As a study of the man Andrew
to say of Jackson's special foes.
Jackson, the work is to be highly commended;
Of course these prejudices narrow the work
for the author has made his character, his per-
and destroy much of its value as a contribu- sonal qualities, and his surroundings stand out
tion to history; but after making allowances clearly before the readers, by his skill as a
for these defects, we are glad to commend it as writer working on material that he has mastered
a most interesting study of the personality and by close and sympathetic study. It not only
character of this great leader of the plain peo-
discloses to us the man himself in his externals
ple in their upward march to the control of and in the broader lines of his character, but it
their government. Most accounts of Jackson's gives us a picture of life and conditions in the
early life have made it appear vulgar and sordid Southwest in the first half of the nineteenth
in its ignorance, poverty, and recklessness. Mr. century that is distinctly valuable. The story
Buell has so shaped his account as to remove of the development of society from frontier
this impression, while agreeing substantially conditions to the settled life of Jackson's later
with his predecessors as to the facts; and we days, with the passions and prejudices of the
think that he has presented to us the real early society of that region, is one of great
Andrew Jackson. Jackson's surroundings were interest, and it is well told.
indeed crude and primitive; but he shared these Especially interesting is the account of the
limitations with the best people of his section brilliant victory at New Orleans, which could so
and time, and his ability to meet with distinc- easily have been a defeat and have lost us the
tion all the social demands of his later career, great Louisiana Territory. We would call
not only in Tennessee but in New Orleans and attention to what is told of the designs of the
Washington, goes to show that Mr. Buell is British government to get possession of that
right. It may also be said, in passing, that vast region, whatever the Treaty of Ghent
Mrs. Jackson, — or 'Aunt Rachel, as everyone might say as to the restoration of conditions
called her who knew her, — is shown to be by
to the state before the war. It was supposed
no means the vulgar frontierswoman that she that the great expedition could not fail; the
has been pictured; although a frontierswoman signature of the treaty was delayed until New
in the same sense in which her husband was Orleans must have been seized, as the British
a frontiersman, she had the good sense and help- commissioners thought, and then the British
ful spirit that made her universally loved where were to refuse to give up Louisiana on the
she was known. And she was equal to the ground that the successive Spanish and French
social demands of Tennessee, though not ready cessions were void. While this plan of the
in mature years to adapt herself to the far dif British has been disclosed in official documents,
ferent social environment of the national it has not so far been set forth in popular
capital; from the necessity of this change works; and Mr. Buell, writing as he does 'in
death freed her just as she was to depart for hostility to England, makes much of what he
Washington to become the mistress of the White calls British treachery in sending the expedi-
House.
tion for this purpose after the commissioners
Mr. Buell makes no attempt to cover the
had already assembled at Ghent to draw up a
faults of Jackson's character. His impetuous- treaty of peace. CHARLES H. COOPER.


1904.]
267
THE DIAL
ers.'
A BIOGRAPHY OF THE MIND. *
apparent failure, and spiritual victory. The
young poet is clearly defined, with his rare
Within a volume of less than four hundred promises and his defects, some of the latter due
pages, Prof. Edward Dowden has told with
to immaturity and soon to disappear, others
leisurely exactness the story of Browning's life, to linger, increase, and hamper his effectiveness
has unfolded the growth of his character and in all his later work. Professor Dowden does
poetic art, and has given careful study to many not spend futile effort in condemning or con-
of his more complex poems. The editor of the doning the rhetorical leaps and chasms in
series of Temple Biographies,' the Rev. Sordello,' but says with refreshing candor,
Dugald Macfadyen, in prefacing this volume, 'Intelligent, however, as Browning was, it
has chosen Gladstone's phrase for apt illustra- implied a curious lack of intelligence to sup-
tion, - ' a biography of the mind.' The author pose that a poem of many thousand lines writ-
also emphasizes this special aim. While trac ten in shorthand would speedily find decipher-
ing the inward development of the poet, how-
ever, he has introduced all the relevant outside The second significant portrait is that of
influences which incited or accompanied each Browning the Maker of Plays.' His social
special period of Browning's poetic expression. circle has widened, but his poetic method is still
Thus the work makes appeal not alone to earn experimental to a large extent. With reserve
est readers of the poet, but also to the many and fairness, Professor Dowden recites the
who share the sentiments of Frederick Tenny- familiar facts regarding the presentation of
son, and of Jowett of Balliol, that Browning “Strafford' and A Blot on the 'Scutcheon,'
was 'a man of infinite learning, jest, and bon with the consequent loss of Macready's friend-
hommie,' with 'a sterling heart that reverbs ship for many years. Over the ever-present
no hollowness, but that his poetry is ' extrava- question, 'Are Browning's plays adapted for
gant, perverse, and topsy-turvy? The volume stage use ? the critic lingers for a time, but
is a model of biographical conscience and good evades a direct answer. To some enthusiasts
taste. If the sympathy of the critic at times on the subject, he will seem disappointing, but
exceeds his judgment, the offense is seldom
many of his statements will meet general assent.
flagrant. Professor Dowden's cordial relations
'In the development of his dramatic style,
with the Brownings, and his ardent study of Browning more
Browning more and more lost sight of the
the poet for half a century, tend to make him theatre and its requirements; his stage became
a generous rather than a censorious critic.
more and more a stage of the mind. The
Realizing this tendency, perhaps, he twice
perhaps, he twice hastily written "A Blot on the 'Scutcheon” is
addresses his readers in Browning's lines from perhaps of all Browning's dramas the best fitted
· Balaustion's Adventure':
for theatrical representation. Yet it is incur-
*If I, too, should try and speak at times,
ably weak in the motives which determine the
Leading your love to where my love, perchance,
Climbed earlier, found a nest before you knew,
action; and certain passages are almost ludi-
Why, bear with the poor climber, for love's sake.' crously undramatic. With truth he regards the
Since the publication of Mrs. Orr's standard Dramatic Lyrics, especially ‘Pippa Passes' and
guide-book to Browning's life and poetry, many My Last Duchess,' as far superior poetically to
valuable testimonies to his manly traits and the more ambitious dramas. He invents a para-
his artistic development have appeared in graph of skilful, if not quite logical, antithesis
volumes of letters by both Browning and his
between 'static and dynamic drama,' the one
wife, and in reminiscences and correspondence dealing with
characters in positions, the
of many of their intimate friends, notably the other with characters in movement. The
Rossettis, Milsand, Story, and Mrs. Bronson. dramatic genius of Browning was in the main
Of such illuminative data Professor Dowden of the static kind. It studies with extraordinary
has made discreet but liberal use, and has pre skill and subtlety character in position; it
sented the man and poet in a series of vivid attains only an imperfect or a labored success
chronological portrayals. The first distinct with character in movement.'
analysis deals with the young man, vigorous, A few years passed before Browning stood
ambitious, speculative, who as poet has paid forth as the poet of Christmas Eve' and Easter
homage to Byron and Shelley, and has spoken Day,' interpretations, possibly arguments, of
his first tentative message to the world in a the spiritual life individual' and 'the spiritual
trilogy of strange dramatic studies, Pauline, life corporate. During the intervening years,
• Paracelsus,' and “Sordello. With a similar
With a similar vital events had happened to unfold the poet's
motive, but in diverse settings, these studies in heart and soul. Of the romance of these two
verse all depict the flaws in the full develop- wild poets but wise people,' the biographer
ment of genius, all tell the story of aspiration, speaks with tender deference, fusing much
(Temple
material from the published love-letters of the
Biographies Series). New York:
poets and the later journal-records by Mrs.
6
* ROBERT BROWNING.
By Edward Dowden.
E. P. Dutton & Co.


268
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
are
Browning of those first happy months in Italy. spiritual insight in ‘Pisgah-Sights' and 'Aso-
After years of unexpressed poetic growth, ' Men lando.' There terse well-weighed sen-
and Women’ appeared in 1855, revealing the tences of summary on individual poems of later
broadened experiences and the assimilated cul composition, as well as a study of the more
ture of the years of Italian residence. Of the familiar works, thus giving a hand-book value
exuberance of life and passion in these varied to this volume. In the last chapter there is a
types of poems, with motives of love, art, and broad survey of Browning's defects and rank.
religion, Professor Dowden speaks with delight. Professor Dowden reiterates the poet's weakness
For Rossetti, they were his 'Elixir of Life, but in action and narrowness in characterization
to Ruskin they seemed ' a mass of conundrums.' compared with Shakespeare, naming Browning
Such diverse sentiments may well apply to the as a possible successor of Wordsworth, 'not
two moods which are represented even to-day indeed as an artist but as a teacher. One may
among Browning's readers. After careful study demur at certain opinions regarding Browning's
of 'The Statue and the Bust,' with its proble- literary creed and forms, yet there will be assent
matic test of soul-languor, Professor Dowden to this summary of his influence upon his
adds, 'Had Tennyson treated the same sub readers: 'He plays upon the will, summoning
ject, he would probably have glorified their it from lethargy to activity. He spiritualizes
action as a victorious obedience to the law of the passions by showing that they tend through
self-reverence and self-control.'
what is human towards what is divine. He
It has pleased some sentimental writers and assigns to the intellect a sufficient field for
many readers to image Browning as a sad, exercise, but attaches more value to its efforts
brooding man, after Mrs. Browning's death. than to its attainments. His faith in an unseen
Such an aspect is untrue to the facts, unjust order of things creates a hope which persists
to Browning's character, and to his sense of through the apparent failures of earth
duty to his family, his friends, and the fast-
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.
increasing circle of his admirers. Professor
Dowden has emphasized and justified, through
passages in ‘Fifine at the Fair,' the new zest
and productiveness of the poet's long life, while
MODERN BIBLE STUDIES.
he cherished with silent devotion the sacred
The Biblical criticism of the last quarter
memories of the past. The critic has traced
century has revolutionized our conceptions of
the use of material gathered during the years in the old Testament. The aggressive energy of
Italy, the many incentives which now
that instrument of modern research has required
expressed from 'Mr. Sludge, the Medium' and
a recasting and reconstruction of that litera-
* The Ring and the Book' to the later classical
ture.
poems. There is a long, perhaps needlessly
The expanding results of scholarly
Biblical criticism have overstepped the bound-
detailed, analysis of The Ring and the Book
aries of technical literature, and are now find-
The spiritual relations between Pompilia and
ing a place in the popular works of the day.
Caponssachi are strongly illumined. Nearly
Such expansion has shown itself in the publica-
all readers will echo his verdict, that here the
tion of a variety of books designed to enlighten
poet reached the acme of his art, that here he
the layman in Biblical studies.
concentrated all his powers, his research, pas-
Professor Charles F. Kent has already taken
sion, casuistry, tenderness and pity, robust
humour, worldly knowledge and spiritual aspi- | ization of the results of technical Biblical crit-
a leading place in this country in the popular-
rations. Many were the poems of the last thirty icism. "The Historical Series for Bible stu-
years from which the biographer-critic has
dents, and The Messages of the Bible,' both
chosen a few to express the poet's maturing issued under the joint editorship of Professors
attainments,— Balustion's Adventure' and
Kent and Sanders, have already demonstrated
‘Aristophanes' Apology' with buoyancy of soul
what can be done in this direction. There is no
and unflagging energy of imagination, ‘La
excuse today for the ignorance of anyone touch-
Saisiaz' with its moan of virile sorrow ending ing the chief results of such scholarly research.
with the conclusion with Browning of the
Though its lines are many and often entangled,
whole matter,' —
Hope the arrowy, just as constant, comes to pierce its
* NARRATIVES OF THE BEGINNINGS OF HEBREW HISTORY,
gloom, compelled
By a power and a purpose which, if no one else beheld,
Kingdom. By Charles Foster Kent, Ph.D. With Maps
I behold in life, so—-hope!'
and Chronological Chart. New York: Charles Scribner's
Pen-portraits by friends of later years reveal
IN ANCIENT ISRAEL : An
Browning as the teacher and poet of old age.
Introduction to the Study of the Old Testament. By the
The Macmillan Co.
In the later volumes there may be ó much mere
THE PSALMS IN HUMAN LIFE. By Rowland E. Proth-
grey argument, but there are also flashes of
were
from the Creation to the Establishment of the Hebrew
Sons.
POLITICS
AND
RELIGION
Rev. J. C. Todd.
New York :
ero.
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


1904.]
269
THE DIAL
in a
there is ample popular literature to set forth was but one of the nations of antiquity, and
the problems and their solution.
that 'the religion of Israel is one of the bases
Professor Kent's present work is volume one on which the modern world rests' (p. 308).
eries of six, designed to cover the Old Israel's contribution to humanity is an ethical
Testament. Its aim is,' (1) to re-arrange the religion, as based on the records of the Scrip-
writings of the Old Testament in a logical tures. The New Testament is not the beginning
order, (2) to indicate their approximate dates of ethics and theology; every page of it carries
and the classes of writers from which they us back to the Old. • It is no paradox to say
come, and the more important reasons for the that in one sense the New Testament is simply
critical analysis of the different books, and (3) a foot note to the Old, telling us that every-
to introduce the reader by means of a clear thing there written is to be understood of our
translation to the beauty and thought of the Lord Jesus Christ.
He is the suffering
original,' with notes of interpretation, and Servant Israel, and he is Israel's Messianic
other notations to make clear the thought of King; he is the Temple, the sacrificial Victim,
the original. The introduction is a compre the High Priest. In a word, the New Testa-
hensive discussion of the traditions of Israel, ment is the Book of God made man; and that
their transmission, and their crystallization into God is the God already revealed in the whole
literature. It is with this literature that the political and social nexus of the time' (p. 310).
author deals; and consequently he must assign The theme is one rich with thought, and awaits
each document to its proper time and place in a full and adequately equipped discussion that
Israel's history. The body of the book presents will convincingly carry with it the mind of
in parallel columns, where more than one story the honest truth-seeking student of the Bible.
of an event exists, the text of the required The Psalms are the most universally revered
narratives. By a subtle acumen the texts have portions of the Old Testament. They are mir-
been separated and thrown into parallels, or rors o the human soul, and hence touch man
otherwise, to give the popular reader a true in almost every experience in life. Their
idea of the supposed sources of the narratives thought is not limited to any age, nation, or
of the books covered by this volume. The religious creed. They have been highly prized
appendix supplies a full-enough bibliography, for their spiritual inspiration, by individuals,
characteristics of the narratives, and several by religious societies, by armies, and by nations,
translations of Babylonian stories parallelled in for many centuries. They have been material
thought to Genesis. The author is to be con for thought, for extensive speaking and writ-
gratulated on the completion of so colossal a ing, and for the most determined and vigorous
task, and Bible students on such a complete action when required. The distinguished
crystallization of the present status of the author of The Psalms in Human Life,' Mr.
literary and historical criticism of the early Rowland E. Prothero, has been in no hurry to
narratives of the Old Testatment.
publish his book, for his activity in collecting
The work of the Rev. J. C. Todd on 'Politics the material for it has extended over more than
and Religion in Ancient Israel' is another pop- twenty-five years.
twenty-five years. His plan of work was, for
ular treatment of Old Testament literature. example, to gather from the most distinguished
The author's rough-and-ready style, his ten church fathers all the hints and direct state-
dency to rid himself of hackneyed methods of ments that would in any way bear on the
writing and of trite statements, give a fresh Psalms. Passing from this period, he takes up
flavor to a work of this kind. He has a new the same items touching the formation of the
angle of vision, from which he often gives his nations. The middle ages, the reformation era,
readers a pleasing view of the situation. His the struggle between Protestant England and
opening statement is, The Old Testament is Roman Catholic Spain, the Huguenots, the
the epos of the Fall of Jerusalem '(p. 1.). | Puritans, the Scottish Covenanters, and the
Around this event the author's interest centres, revolution of 1688, are periods and movements
as he drives his pen through the Old Testament that called to the front some of the richest
from Genesis to Malachi. The book is full of spirits and the sturdiest spiritual characters
statements, familiar to scholars in this field, that the world has produced.
produced. These giant
but startling and even reactionary to some lay- fighters for truth have made frequent and large
men in Bible Study. The author seems to take use of the choicest of the Psalms, both for their
it for granted that his words require no proof, own personal encouragement and for the inspir-
that his ipse dixit is final to his readers. This ation of their valorous supporters. The author
method
may be necessary for condensation, but has carefully gathered the facts from a great
to be conclusive it should be provided either mass of history and literature, and has deftly
with references as proofs, or with somewhat woven them into a bit of delightful narrative.
larger elaboration of the topics discussed. One The lucid style, the choice diction, and the
of the contentions of the book is that Israel thrilling events that are often given at some


270
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
one
length, make this an instructive and enter the expedition, and of their subsequent careers
taining work on some of the tremendous as far as investigators have been able to trace
influences of the Psalms on the religious and them. Gass, who had risen to the rank of ser-
political history of the nations.
geant while on the expedition, saw service in the
IRA M. PRICE. War of 1812, then became a jack-of-all-trades
of intemperate habits, married at sixty, fathered
seven children, and died as late as 1870, at the
PATRICK GASS, AMERICAN EXPLORER. * age of ninety-nine. His career has been often
parallelled. It is the story of the courageous
The name of Patrick Gass has never been
and hardy frontiersman, strong in everything
written high in the list of American authors.
except personal control.
What little fame he did acquire through the In some respects, the general reader will pre-
publication of his Journal, written while a ser-
fer the descriptions of Gass to the official rec-
geant on the Lewis and Clark expedition, was
ords. Gass never made those long excursions
likely to perish when the book long since disap-
into the fields of natural history which the
peared from print. A reprint of the diary of
nature of the expedition required from its lead-
the hardy frontiersman has now been made,
ers. He never troubled himself with long
happily supplementing the recent republication
descriptions of the various unknown animals
of the complete official journal of the expedi- captured or killed, or the peculiar and interest-
tion by the same publishers, Messrs. A. C.
ing plants found. He is concerned with stray
McClurg & Co. Placed side by side, the two
accounts of the incidents of the famous jour- 'nearly devoured alive' by mosquitoes. Tar must
horses, annoyed by parted tow-lines, and
ney exactly fit into each other. The one is writ-
be made for pitching the boats, and salt must
ten from the standpoint of the scientific
be procured from the savages or boiled from
explorers who headed the column, and the other
springs or ocean water; the heavy game which
from that of the rank and file.
the hunters killed must be carried to camp, and
From the excellent Introduction to the vol-
the wet baggage must frequently be unloaded
ume, written by Mr. James K. Hosmer,
and dried or carried over portages. This was
gathers that Patrick Gass, by descent a son of the work which fell to Sergeant Gass and his
old Ireland, was a carpenter by trade, whom
fellows. Small leisure was afforded them for
adversity or choice had driven into our regular scientific investigations.
army. When Captain Lewis was making up Frequently the Lewis and Clark records men-
the quota of select spirits to accompany him in
tion how uncomplainingly the men bore their
his quest of a northwestern route to the Pacific,
privations. The cheerful tone of Sergeant Gass
he included Private Gass, then stationed
under the most trying circumstances is evident.
at the United States government post When there was food, they feasted; when there
Kaskaskia, chiefly because of his
was none, they fasted. At one time, the natives
skill with the broadaxe. Since the party assured the whites that they had not more roots
took
tents and expected
to spend
and provisions than they themselves needed, but
one or two winters on the journey, the advis-
they drove up some horses to be shot. After
ability of including some artisan experienced in
killing one, they were offered another. That
hewing and joining timbers was not to be over-
was reserved, savs Gass, 'until another time,
looked. Gass was the last man chosen for the
and we dressed the one we had killed; and in
expedition, and probably the oldest member of
our situation we find it very good eating.'
it except Captain Clark. Yet he was only thirty- Camping one night in a rain which turned to
two! Young blood was needed for such
snow, they found themselves next morning
adventurous work.
' lying in the plains, the snow about five inches
Gass was not an educated man. No doubt deep; and amidst snow and frost, we have noth-
his notes, as taken on the long road, were far
ing to eat. Without breakfast, we started to
enough from the style in which they appeared go to a village of natives, who live on a branch
in print. For this polishing, a Mr. McKeehan
of the river.' On another occasion, “Our stock
must be given credit. The official journals of
of provisions is exhausted, and we have nothing
the expedition were edited by Paul Allen.
but some roots, which we get from the natives
Gass's Journal appeared in type in 1807, ante-
dating the publication of the official records by fell sick, Captain Lewis was obliged to bleed
at a very dear rate.' When one of the number
several years.
The Introduction to the present reprint gives
him with a penknife, having no other instru-
inent at this camp.'
some description of the various subordinates in
Never were the hardships of the explorers
*Gass's JOURNAL OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION.
too great, or the anxiety about their situation
Reprinted from the edition of 1811.
by James Kendall Hosmer, LL.D. Chicago :
too keen, to prevent their Americanism showing
McClurg & Co.
itself, especially on the national holidays. On
near
no
With Introduction
A. C.


1904.]
271
THE DIAL
July 4 of the first year up the Missouri, Gass Borselen' furnishes the original of ‘porce-
made the following entry in his journal:
lain.'
"Wednesday 4th. We fired a swivel at sunrise Miss Ruth Putnam, whose position in the
in honour of the day and continued the voyage; Dutch scholarship of the English-speaking
passed a creek on the north side, called Pond
world is unique, is not led away by romance or
Creek, and at one o'clock stopt to dine. One of
our people got snake bitten, but not dangerously.
tradition. She keeps amazingly cool while
After dinner we renewed our voyage, passed a exploring that mediæval age in which few mod-
creek on the north side, which we called INDE ern breezes of opinion blow, and where, save
PENDENCE, encamped on the north side at an in the pulses and expression of the same human
old Indian village situated in a handsome prairie
and saluted the departing day with another gun.'
heart, there is little to remind one of our age of
steel and coal, of machinery and the telegraph.
Friday, November 15, 1805, was memorable.
The official scribes should have been inspired to
Very little of admiration and not over-much of
make long entries on that day, because the party
sympathy, but clear insight and determination
to get at the reality, are the hall-marks of the
then came in full view of the Pacific Ocean, at
author's scholarly work. On some pages it
the mouth of the Columbia River, establishing
almost seems as though she purposely refrains
a fresh claim to the great Oregon country. But
from being as interesting as she might, lest
in the abominable weather, and surrounded by
enthusiasm should possibly lend prismatic
thieving Indians, the leaders were not moved
tints to her achromatic critical lenses. Never-
to raptures. Gass is even more matter of fact.
theless the text is brisk, and the story moves
He records:
brightly forward; while for anyone with much
‘Friday 15th. This morning the weather appeared
to settle and clear off, but the river remained
power of imagination to construct her environ-
still rough. So we were obliged to continue here
ment in the past, the narrative makes delight-
until about 1 o'clock, when the weather became ful reading.
more calm, and we loaded and set out from our As Jacqueline had four husbands, she suf-
disagreeable camp; went about 3 miles, when we fered a proportionate degree of trouble; yet it
came to the mouth of the river, where it
empties into a handsome bay. Here we halted on
was not her marital companions that laid on her
a sand beach, formed a comfortable camp, and
the heaviest burdens. Beside having a decided
remained in full view of the ocean, at this time will of her own, she had much misery and little
more raging than pacific.'
enjoyment from her great possessions of land
Patrick was faithful to the end in his diary. and her numerous titles; for both these assets,
His last entry records the triumphal reception in a rude age of force, excited the cupidity of
of the returned travelers at St. Louis, Septem- her relatives. To read their letters, one would
ber 23, 1806. “We arrived on the 23rd,' he suppose them to be the most affectionate and
says, and were received with great kindness unselfish creatures in the world; but beneath
and marks of friendship by the inhabitants, their purring lay ever the beak and talons.
after an absence of two years, four months and Thus this mediæval princess wore a thorny
ten days. The record of the adventurous Ser crown of sorrows during most of her short life.
geant is well worth preserving in the handsome Her career was run in much less than the first
and enduring form in which it now appears. half of the fifteenth century. Born in 1401, at
EDWIN ERLE SPARKS. The Hague, she was thus the Daughter of Hol-
land, and as such was the acknowledged and
sole heir to her father, the Count, William the
Sixth,-- for neither then nor until Napoleon's
A MEDIAEVAL PRINCESS. *
day did Holland ever have any kings, and even
Jacqueline of Bavaria' is a name that acts in this disguised republic Dutch sovereigns of
like the dew of heaven upon the dryest Dutch to-day wear no crown. Married, when little
chronicles. At once they bud and blossom, and more than a child, to a youthful prince who was
what seemed but a desert is with sudden herb- early poisoned, she took a second husband in
age crowned.' In Dutch art and literature, 1418; but separating from him, her case was
and on the stage, Jacoba van Beijeren looms a referred to the divorce court at Rome. This
mighty figure against the backgrounds of ro being the time of a change in the Papacy, the
mance. In English chronicles she is ‘Dame case dragged for several years, while she both
Jake, and the modern Englishman's chapter of
wooed and was wooed by an Englishman, being
alleged research becomes a comedy of errors alternately loved and deserted by the insular
when this Countess of Borselen is transformed Duke who was no other than Humphrey, whose
into a glorified queen of the keramic art. The library is still at Oxford, a delightful home of
gordion knot of contradictory derivations of a books. He it was who magnified' the Uni-
word uncertain in its origin is cut at once, and versity of Oxford with a thousand pounds
* A MEDIAEVAL PRINCESS. By Ruth Putnam. Illustrated.
worth and more of precious bokes' (129 in num-
New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons.
ber). When Christendom's chief divorcer decided


272
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
against Jacqueline, she became the Countess seland. It is a pleasure to say that while Major
Militant; and between the Cods and Hooks, Gibbons's book is hardly in the same class as
leading her soldiers in battle and besieging and Stanley's most notable work, it has many excel-
being besieged, while supporting the lost cause, lent features. It has good pictures, a number
she was a picturesque figure. She finally mar of well-made and intelligible maps, a good pre-
ried her 'silent partner,' the Lord of Borselen, face and introductory chapter, and several well-
owner of a petty feudal patch of land in Zee- prepared appendices giving a summary of the
land. As to title, she became Lady Forester, important results of the expedition under the
with enough income to live merrily during the author's leadership,- such as England's share
happiest of her marriages. She lived at the in African development, the natural resources
same time with Jeanne d'Arc, and fought and the industrial and commercial conditions
against and was finally conquered by the same of Africa that fit it for colonization, the good
men who burned one of these two women and and the evil of missionary work there, and the
robbed the other. The peasant has been suffi- administrative systems in operation. The
ciently glorified. It is time the princess should author dedicates his work to the late Cecil
be better known in the English-speaking world. Rhodes, who requested the explorer to make a
One scarcely knows which to praise more, the special study of the Zambezi country in order to
patient scholarship or the attractive style of the determine the most desirable crossing of that
author; the theme of the personality here pre- river for the great Cape to Cairo Railway. To
sented, or the picture and suggestions of the revert to the organization of the expedition, it is
feudal age, looking into which this book uncur interesting to note how thoroughly Major Gib-
tains so many windows, and upon which it bons was equipped. In order to test the naviga-
opens such pleasing vistas. Yet romantic and bility of the African rivers, he had two alum-
fascinating as were many of the elements mak inum launches and a barge in sections made;
ing up mediæval feudalism, this book makes and with these he continued the exploration of
one feel occasionally like falling on one's knees the Lower Zambezi, going eight hundred miles
in thankfulness that feudalism is dead and gone to the nearest attainable point to Victoria Falls.
forever. Altogether this story of a too-pro-Although Major Gibbons took the utmost care
tected female is really more interesting in its in selecting his company, he seems to have been
last, perhaps its final, historical setting than in followed by ill luck, losing four of his six white
most of the romantic presentations of which we companions, and being constantly harassed by
have had already too many. The book, besides the desertions of his native boys. Yet, with a
being attractive as to contents, style, illustra cheerful determination to ignore such hin-
tions, and general equipment, seems to be almost drances, he pushed on, following the Zambezi
perfect in its proof-reading.
to its source, the water oozing from a black
WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS. spongy bog, which had previously remained
undiscovered, and forced his way along the
Congo-Zambezi Watershed eastward through
much unexplored country, until he fell in with
a Congo State expedition, in whose company
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. *
he journeyed to a station in Katanga. From
The first book on our present list is one of
there he traversed the countries contingent to
the most important works on Africa that have Lakes Mweru, Tanganyika, Kivo, Albert
been published since Stanley wrote his masterly Edward, Victoria Nyanza to the Nile, and
work on the dark continent. Major A. St. H. thence to Khartum. There is much that is
Gibbons, who now holds the premier place as unusually interesting and instructive in the
an explorer of Africa, entitles his two volumes work, but we must confine ourselves to a single
‘Africa from South to North through Marot- quotation, relative to the commercial prospects
of Uganda and Marotseland. Of these two
By Major A. St. H. Gibbons. Illustrated.
countries, Major Gibbons says:
York:
• Excluding the small district comprising Lake
THE HEART OF THE ORIENT. By M. M. Shoemaker.
Kivo, two countries, more than all others, have
Illustrated.
struck me as offering the best prospects for Euro-
THE MYSTIC MID-REGION. By Arthur G. Burdick.
Illustrated. New York:
pean settlement. I refer to Uganda and Marotse-
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
SPORT AND TRAVEL IN THE NORTHLAND OF CANADA.
ſand. Both contain large plateaus, ranging from
By David T. Hanbury. New York: The Macmillan Co.
thirty-five hundred to five thousand feet, and both
A NORWEGIAN RAMBLE. By One of the Ramblers.
are capable of growing many useful products on an
Illustrated.
extensive scale. Marotseland will grow cereals of
OUR WEST INDIAN NEIGHBORS. By Frederick A.
various kinds, as well as rice, cotton, sugar, and
Ober. Illustrated.
rubber, to say nothing of fruits, which with sugar
A YEAR IN EUROPE. By the Reverend Walter W. at a reasonable price could very easily be made the
Moore. Illustrated. Richmond, Va. : Presbyterian Com basis of an industry capable of competing with
mittee of Publication.
California in the rapidly growing South African
* AFRICA FROM SOUTH TO NORTH THROUGH MAROTSE-
LAND.
New
John Lane.
New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
New York:
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
New York: James Pott & Co.


1904.]
273
THE DIAL
6
market, and of supplying jam at a highly profitable of the Orient, and described it in a manner that
rate. Cattle do better in this country than in any
other part of Africa within my experience, and will
is at once easy and well-poised.
amply reward a little enterprise. The rich undula-
From the Orient to the Occident is a long
tions of Uganda seem to me especially adaptable to jump, even in a review; but there are parts of
wheat-growing on a large scale.'
our own country that are almost as little known
Of course the one thing necessary to the as Persia. Ever since the first explorers crossed
development of these countries is the completion the Rocky Mountains, the Great American
of the Cape to Cairo Railway, nearly half of Desert, with its strange, picturesque, mysterious
which is now finished. To those who relish scenery, has had a fascinating and romantic
tales of adventure in African wilds, this book interest. Notwithstanding it has been so often
offers many accounts of thrilling incidents with and so well described, there is still room for Mr.
natives, lions, elephants, and buffaloes.
Arthur J. Burdick's volume having the title
While Africa has had eminent explorers like
(suggestively taken from Poe's Ulalume)
Stanley and Gibbons to write about it, the
The Mystic Mid-Region.' Mr. Burdick
Orient has been less adequately described.
has himself come under the spell of the vast
There is considerable assumption in the title of
desert spaces, and imparts much of their weird-
Mr. Michael M. Shoemaker's latest book, “The
ness and charm to the readers of his book. He
Heart of the Orient,' yet we think it is quite
tells of their wonders, their dangers and hard-
justified by the contents of the work. The ships, and the possibilities of their reclamation,
author describes a journey from Constantinople
with no little narrative skill. Speculations as
through the quaint and curious kingdom of
to their origin and history; tales of suffering
Georgia, now a part of the Russian empire,
from thirst in these waterless tracts; descrip-
thence through Armenia, Persia, Turkomania, tions of desert plants and animals, and of the
and Turkestan, to the Vale of Paradise, and aborigines who, apparently by some slip in the
gives vivid and satisfying pictures of the peo-
law of life, dwell there; stories of venturesome
ple, from the high life at the Persian court to prospectors in search of the yellow streak,
the low life in the tents of the Kirghez, 'where with many other things, make up the contents
the camels whispered bits of gossip from
of this interesting book. The following descrip-
Ispahan and Bactra, and the donkeys still dream
tion of Death Valley, in the Mohave Desert in
of the flight into Egypt.' The author has, California, gives a touch of the quality of the
moreover, entered sufficiently into the history
book :
of the various countries to make the way plain
'Death Valley has an area of nearly five hun-
for the reader. We read with interest of the
dred square miles. It is fifty miles long, and varies
in width from five to ten miles. Its greatest depres-
reign of good Queen Tamara of Georgia; of the sion is 480 feet below sea-level. In this limited
survival of the stolid-faced Armenians through area, more men have perished than upon any other
the successive persecutions of the Arabian
similar area in the world, the great battle-fields
excepted. The remarkable mineral wealth of the
Caliphs, the Moguls, the Persians, the Turks,
region has been glittering bait to lure men to
and the Russians; of the wonderful Peacock destruction. There are in the valley golden ledges,
throne of Persia; of the Trans-Caspian rail the ores of which run in value to fabulous sums
way; of Samarkand, the poem of the Orient; of
per ton. There are vast beds of nitre, soda, salt,
Bokhara, with its barbaric splendor and squa-
and other mineral drugs. There is a single salt-
field in the valley, thirty miles long and from two
lor; and, finally, of Russia's management of to four miles wide, where salt lies a foot or more
these far-away strands. The following excerpt deep over the entire field. Turquoises, opals, gar-
a picture of Samarkand — will reveal the nets, onyx, marbles, and other gems and rocks of
value, exist in abundance. The valley is a store-
quality of the book:
house of wealth, the treasure-vault of the nation,
"Here comes an old man - on the inevitable
the drug-store of the universe; but Death holds the
donkey - wrapped in a garment of heavy crimson, title.'
brocaded with flaring yellow figures, while from
his head rises a turban of green and gold that would
Mr. Burdick asserts, however, that irrigation
make a Western man totter, but he sits erect. The will reclaim much of this arid region to the
heels of his pointed red slippers are pressed closely uses of man.
into the little beast that carries him forward with
The title of Mr. David T. Hanbury's book,
a steady trot. Yonder a group of turbaned mer-
chants are closely inspecting a consignment from
Sport and Travel in the Northland of Canada,'
China by the great caravan routes. The patient is somewhat misleading, for it suggests the
camels that have toiled for so many months under common type of travel-book that tells of wander-
its weight are asleep beneath the trees. Veiled
ings in search of adventure and oddities in out-
women pass chattering along on patient donkeys.
Sedate-looking storks gaze down upon us from their
of-the-way places; whereas the book is really a
ancestral nests high on the leaning minerets. It is compendium of scientific research in the far
the Orient pure and simple, and, so far, unpolluted North of Canada. Mr. Hanbury spent twenty
by the tourist element.'
months in this almost terra incognita, concern-
Mr. Shoemaker has caught the breath and spirit | ing which he writes :
..


274
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
“I have always maintained that " Barren on 'Our West Indian Neighbors ' runs as fol-
Ground” is a misnomer for the Northland of Can-
lows: The islands of the Caribbean Sea,
ada. No land can be called barren which bears wild-
flowers in profusion, numerous heaths, luxuriant
America's Mediterranean, their picturesque
grass, in places up to the knees, and a variety of features, fascinating history, and attractions for
moss and lichens. It is barren only in the sense the traveler, nature lover, settler, and pleasure-
that it is destitute of trees; hence the name
seeker. A title so comprehensive calls for
De-chin-u-le (no trees) which is the Indian name
for it.'
much in the way of fulfilment; but the volume
In Mr. Hanbury, the Eskimos have found a
seems to justify it. Mr. Ober's knowledge of
friend. He has high praise for their integrity
affairs and conditions in the West Indies is
extensive and minute. As a collector of birds
and honesty, but he has scant praise for the
Indians, whom he found to be utterly untrust-
and an adventurer in the islands in 1879-80, as
Commissioner to the World's Fair from the
worthy. The value of the book is enhanced by
West Indies in 1891, and as a visitor subsequent
a good introductory historical sketch of explora-
tion in North Canada, by Mr. J. P. Renwick,
to the recent war, Mr. Ober has had unusual
and also by several appendices giving scientific opportunities and advantages for obtaining
data on the geology, the flora and fauna, the
first-hand information, and sufficient time for
weather conditions, measurements of Hudson
studying the exact conditions of our island
Bay Eskimo, and an Eskimo word-and-phrase neighbors in that quarter. The volume is not
list. It is to be regretted that a book so well limited to Cuba and Puerto Rico, but includes
printed and profusely illustrated, and giving so
all the important islands even to the Barbadoes
much fresh information, should be written in so
and Trinidad, treating the inhabitants, the
crude and unentertaining a manner.
climate, the commercial and industrial features,
An ideal way to see a foreign country is to
the sights of town and country, and the local
jaunt through it in some sort of easy-going
and foreign governments, of each. As our
interest in the islands is largely commercial, the
vehicle. Apparently the stolkjaere of Norway,
‘a two-wheel pony cart, the body of which is concluding words of Mr. Ober in his book are
hung very high, with a commodious seat for pertinent:
two passengers and a raised perch-like seat
• There is no denying the fact that, with the
exception of Cuba and Puerto Rico, possibly of
behind the passengers' seat for the driver or
Trinidad, the West Indian islands have retrograded
skydgut,' is not the worst riding-cart in the in the past century. They have grown poorer, the
world. In such a cart, two men, one a modest British islands especially, their population blacker,
Rambler and the other an austere Doctor of
hence they are less desirable as places of residence
for white folk.'
Laws, made a jolly tour in Southwestern Nor-
way in August and September, months when We close our present list of travel-books with
the regular tourists, especially the German and a consideration of the Rev. Dr. W. W. Moore's
the English species, had gone home; and now 'A Year in Europe.' As Dr. Moore went
the Rambler recounts the trips in a readable through Europe with his eye mainly on its
way in a little book entitled 'A Norwegian religious sights and aspects, this view-point is
Ramble. He tells us that the two travellers prominent in the book, and gives it a certain
'crossed the country twice, once northwest to interest and novelty. With him, we visit South-
Molde, our farthest point north, and then down ampton, not for the interest of William the
the coast, and in and out of the wonderful Conqueror or Richard the Lion Hearted, but
fjords, and finally southeast again through the for the interest of the great hymn-writer Dr.
beautiful Valdeas to the capital of this strangely Watts; we go to Winchester, not because of
fascinating country; and in all our journeyings Alfred the Great, but account of that
we never experienced aught from the natives but aggressive churchman Thomas Ken; we see
the greatest of courtesy, kindness, and hospital Cambridge and Oxford, not as great universi-
ity.' Next to this uniform hospitality, the ties, but as great churches; Westminster Abbey
travellers were most struck by the unusual appeals to us as the home of the Shorter Cate-
silence prevailing in the land. During their chism; in Rome we miss the pagan glories, but
entire journey they did not hear the sound of we are edified by a discourse on the relics of the
bird or squirrel, and of very few dogs; and they Roman Catholic church. Even if we cannot
saw but few pigs and roosters. Perhaps the agree with Dr. Moore in all his views and asser-
Norwegians are strangely quiet, too; for there tions, we can find good topics for discussion in
is no record in the book of conversation with his pages. For example, when, after noting the
them, - the one thing the volume needs to beauties of the English cathedrals, he says that
enliven it. On the whole, however, it furnishes *If at the Reformation every cathedral in
a sketchy account of an interesting jaunt made Great Britain had been pounded to pieces by
by two congenial men.
the iconoclasts, it would have been an immeas-
The sub-title of Mr. Frederick A. Ober's book urable calamity to art, but it might have been
on


1904.]
275
THE DIAL
enness.
a real gain to religion; at any rate, it is The weather
The weather is one of the most
ritualism rather than religion that is now pro as influencing interesting topics of conversation,
human conduct.
moted by the cathedrals,' we feel as if the ques-
if one may believe the daily evi-
It has also caused the writ-
tion is at least an open one. Yet we must give dence of his ears.
the author due credit by adding thať in general ing of many books. One of the latest of these
is entitled "Weather Influences,' and comes from
his statements are not heavily marked by
the pen of Prof. Edwin G. Dexter, of the
uncharitable sectarianism. For those who University of Illinois, and the press of Mac-
would see Europe in its dim religious light,' millan. In order to arouse the reader's interest,
the volume will be instructive and entertaining. the author has devoted the first four chapters
H. E. COBLENTZ.
of his book to weather lore. The moon, comets,
stars, meteors, and all sorts of meteorological
appearances in the sky, are popularly supposed
to be available for making prognostications con-
cerning the weather. Cats, squirrels, opossums,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
and other animals, are thought to furnish by
their actions clues to coming changes of weather.
The story of the Historians have long understood
Standard literature teems with references to the
courtships of that the unique position of Eliza-
Queen Elizabeth. beth Tudor as a queen without a
effects of meteorological conditions upon the
emotions and actions of man himself. Professor
consort was a matter of great consequence to
Dexter, believing that there must be some scien-
her kingdom and to the rest of Europe as well;
tific foundation for the apparent modification of
but not till recently have they fully appreciated
man's conduct by variations of the weather, has
the value of the fact as a diplomatic asset. Eight
made a special study of various data which
years ago, Mr. Martin Hume, of the Public
throw light upon the subject. Such were reports
Record Commission in England, published an
of school deportment, and records of the police
extended work in which he traced with great
courts giving accounts of murders, suicides,
minuteness the progress of all the various rego-
cases of assault and battery, and of drunk-
tiations for the queen's hand through a period
There were also available statistics
of more than twenty-five years. During this
about deaths, insanity, and disorders of various
period, every marriageable Christian prince kinds, including even clerical errors in banks.
seems to have been proposed as a fit consort,
These were obtained largely from the cities of
only to be more or less speedily rejected. The
New York and Denver, the separate occurrences
negotiations ceased with the death of Alençon in
being over 600,000 in number. They were com-
1584; "the farce of marriage could be played no
pared with the observations of barometric pres-
longer, as there was now no available prince in
sure, temperature, humidity, wind-movement, etc.,
sight. The author views the subject mainly from
made at the U. S. Weather Bureau stations in
the diplomatic side; he is interested chiefly in
those cities. Perhaps the most interesting of
tracing the effect of these negotiations on the
the conclusions drawn are that the reserve energy
policies and politics of the time. It will be
readily seen that in forming and dissolving alli- capable of being utilized for intellectual pur.
poses is affected most by meteorological changes,
ances the European princes would be strongly
and that those weather conditions which are espe-
influenced by the prospect of winning the hand
cially associated with misconduct are also pro
of the English queen, which prospect was kept
ductive of health and of mental alertness. School-
continually before their eyes. Many were dis-
teachers must therefore expect to have their
appointed, however, in finding that the personal
tempers especially tried on those days which are
side of these projects was not considered in Mr.
most invigorating. The results of Professor Dex-
Hume's book, and clamored for a more complete
ter's laborious tabulations and comparisons are
treatment. The author has yielded to this
made plain to the eye by the plotting of curves
demand, and has recently published a revised
in the usual fashion. We may say in conclusion
edition of his work under its old title, “The
that the author has made a creditable incursion
Courtships of Queen Elizabeth' (McClure, Phil-
into a field of research where it is generally
lips & Co.), but with two supplementary chap quite difficult to draw satisfactory conclusions.
ters which carry the narrative on through the
queen's old age to the downfall of Essex in 1601.
Chapters on
Professor Thomas Marc Par-
In these he discusses her attitude toward her literary men rott, of Princeton, republishes
and themes.
various suitors and later favorites, and attempts
three of his recent literary
to show to what extent she was dominated by essays, adding five new ones, and naming the col-
the gentler passions. Mr. Hume's picture of
Mr. Hume's picture of lection Studies of a Booklover' (James Pott &
Elizabeth the woman is decidedly interesting; Co.). In his opening chapter, on Matthew Arn-
while sensible to the fact that she possessed old, he asserts that 'it is by his poetry that the
many qualities of the less lovable order, he does place of Matthew Arnold in English literature
not find her so unwomanly as she is usually will in the end be determined'; and then follows
thought to be. There was much in her conduct an admiring and admirable study of this most
that will always be severely censured; but on the classic of the Victorian poets.' The Autobiog-
graver charges against her character, the author, raphy of Milton' is not the announcement of a
after examining all the existing evidence, delivers newly discovered Milton manuscript, but an out-
a verdict of 'not proven.'
line of the poet's life based on certain autobio


276
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
South American
graphic fragments scattered through his works. little in which, thanks. largely to his own efforts
The suggestion is offered that a fairly complete in stating the problems, we are able to prove him
biography of Milton might be made by reprinting wrong or incomplete. We believe that Professor
these fragments in full, and that such a method Royce himself would scarcely call these two
would perhaps portray the poet more vividly slight essays his final estimate of Herbert Spen-
than does Professor Masson's great work, where cer's contribution to the thought of nations.
Milton is sometimes lost in a crowd of contem (Fox, Duffield & Co.)
poraries. In 'The Frugal Note of Gray' the
writer discards Matthew Arnold's list of quali-
Histories of the
To write the history of South
ties constituting a poet's equipment, and boldly
American Republics is a large
Republics.
eşsays to define them anew, - a harmless amuse-
undertaking; and in attempting
ment in which many before him have indulged.
it for the 'Story o