berry contributes a literary "Appreciation "
which should prove to be of the greatest value. He views
his subject from a fresh and original standpoint, and
touches on most of the master writers with a happy
analysis and a helpful, if unconventional, appreciation.
The book will prove to be of high educational value,
illustrated with eight half-tones.
Net, $1.50
Uniform with this:
The Appreciation of Pictures, by Russell Sturgis.
How to Judge Architecture, by Russell Sturgis.
The Appreciation of Sculpture, by Russell Sturgis.
The Appreciation of the Drama (in preparation).

“Days and Deeds”—Prose
By BURTON E. and ELIZABETH B. STEVENSON
The second series of “ Days and Deeds” serves as a veri-
table storehouse of suggestion for parent and teacher - a
reference book of the highest value - each great day hav-
ing its own appropriate quotation.
Net, $1.00
Union Square
THE BAKER &
TAYLOR CO.
New York


146
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
PUTNAM'S NEW BOOKS
BY THE AUTHOR OF “LAVENDER AND OLD LACE”
The Love Affairs of
Affairs of Literary Men
By MYRTLE REED, Author of " A Spinner in the Sun,” • The Master's Violin," etc.
Crown 8vo, with 20 Portraits printed in colors. Price, $1.50 net. Full Red Leather, $2.00 net.
Antique Calf, $2.50 net. Lavender Silk, $3.50.
Miss Reed has briefly retold the stories of the loves of the group of writers who are assured, all of them,
of immortal places in English literature. Here we may read of the mysterious, double love affair of Swift with
Stella and Vanessa; of Pope's almost grotesque attempts at the role of lover; of Dr. Johnson's ponderous affec-
tions; of Sterne's sentimental philanderings; of Cowper's, Shelley's, Keats', and Poe's relations with the fair sex
.
Salon
And Personalities of the 18th Century
By HELEN CLERGUE
8vo. Fully Illustrated.
Probable price
$$3.00 net.
After a brief but comprehensive introduction, in which
the nature and growth of the French Salon is traced,
this volume makes the reader intimately acquainted
with four distinguished and fascinating women Mme.
Du Deffand, Mme. Geoffrin, Mme. d'Epinay, and Julie
de Lespinasse.
Contemporary France
By GABRIEL HANOTAUX
Four volumes. Each volume covering a complete and
definite period and sold separately. 8vo. Each, $3.75 net.
Vol. III – France in 1874-1877.
Previously Issued: Vol. 1 - France in 1870-1873.
Vol. 11 - Franco in 1873-1875.
The history of Contemporary Europe is for the first
time definitely focussed in this important work. It con-
tains new documents and new explanations of diplomatic
problems, and is indeed a record of the inner diplomacy
of the Great Powers of Europe during the last thirty years.
By ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER
BENSON
The Altar Fire
Crown 8vo. Net, $1.50
Like those keenly appreciated works, The Upton Letters, Beside Still Waters, and From a College Window,
Mr. Benson's new book may confidently be expected to find its way into the hands of discriminating readers. The
essential charm of Mr. Benson's writings arises from the fact that their author is a thinker and a man of cultivated
taste, and at home in an academic environment.
Earlier books by Mr. Benson: Beside Still Waters From a College Window The Upton Letters
Three volumes. Crown 8vo. Each, net, $1.25. Four volumes in a box, net, $5.00.
Little Journeys
New Series
By ELBERT HUBBARD
Two volumes, 8vo, with Photogravure Illustrations. Each $2.50. Uniform with Little Journeys to the Homes
of Eminent Musicians.
To the Homes of Eminent Artists To the Homes of Eminent Orators
CONTENTS: Raphael, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, CONTENTS: Pericles, Mark Antony, Savonarola,
Thorwaldsen, Gainsborough, Velasquez, Corot, Cor Luther, Burke, William Pitt, Marat, Ingersoll,
reggio, Paul Veronese, Cellini, Whistler.
Patrick Henry, Thomas S. King, Henry Ward Beecher,
Wendell Phillips.
“The series is well conceived and excellently sustained. The most captious critic could not suggest an
improvement. Never was there more satisfactory packing, in more attractive shape, of matter worth at least ten
times the money." — Buffalo Commercial.
The Folk Afield
By EDEN PHILLPOTTS
Author of “Children of the Mist," " Sons of the
Morning,” etc.
Crown 8vo. $1.50.
The variety that characterizes these stories is one of
both scene and character, containing stories of love and
adventure on sea and land. Mr. Phillpotts' heroines
are singularly attractive, now by their beauty and their
ardor, now by their gentleness and purity.
Tasso and His Times
By W. BOULTING
With 24 Illustrations. 8vo. $2.75 net.
During the last few years the true facts of the pathetic
life of Tasso have been revealed. This volume attempts
to give the English public the real Tasso. It aims at
portraying him and the brilliant and interesting per-
sonalities of his period, setting them in a vivid picture
of Italian life in the sixteenth century.
AT ALL
BOOKSELLERS
Send for New Illustrated Catalogue
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
NEW YORK
AND LONDON
---
-
---
-


1907.]
147
THE DIAL
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
By ROBERT G. INGERSOLL
Frontispiece portrait of Lincoln. 10mo. 75 cts. net.
Collectors' Limited Autograph Edition, three-quarters crushed Levant. Photogravure
portraits of Lincoln and Ingersoll. Printed on Imperial Japan. Limited to 110 numbered
autograph copies. $25.00 net.
MEMOIRS OF ANN, LADY FANSHAWE
Wife of the Rt. Hon. Sir Richard Fanshawe, Bart., 1600-72. Reprint from the original
manuscript. Edited, with numerous notes, by H. C. FANSHAWE. With four photogravures
and twenty-nine other reproductions, one in color. 8vo. $5.00 net.
NAPOLEON AND THE INVASION OF ENGLAND
The Story of the Great Terror, 1797-1805
By H. B. F. WHEELER and A. M. BROADLEY
With 120 full-page illustrations, including right in color, reproduced from a unique collection
of contemporary Caricatures, Broadsides, Songs, etc. Two volumes. 8vo. $10.00 net.
NAPOLEON AT THE BOULOGNE CAMP
By FERNAND NICOLAY
Profusely illustrated. Colored frontispiece. 8vo. $3.50 net.
A SEA DOG OF DEVON
A Life of Sir John Hawkins. By R. A. J. Walling. Frontispiece. 12mo. $1.75 net.
W. S. GILBERT
Stars of the Stage Series
An Illustrated Biography. By EDITH A. BROWNE. 12mo. $1.00 net. Postage, 6 cents.
THE POEMS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE
Edited, with an introduction, by ERNEST HARTLEY COLERIDGE, and numerous illustrations
by Gerald Metcalfe. 8vo. $3.50 net.
BIG GAME SHOOTING ON THE EQUATOR
By Captain F. A. DICKINSON
Profusely illustrated with reproductions from photographs. 8vo. $4.00 net.
JOHN
LANE COMPANY
NOS, 110 - 114 WEST THIRTY - SECOND STREET
NEW YORK CITY


148
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
FALL
The McClure Company BOOKS
Successors to McClure, Phillips & Co.
SOME OF THE SEASON'S NOTABLE FICTION
The Car of Destiny
By the author of "The Princess
By C. N. and A. M. WILLIAMSON
Virginia," "Lady Betty,” etc.
LA dual love-story whose scenes are Spanish, contemporary with the recent Royal marriage. Critics in
England are unanimous in declaring THE CAR OF DESTINY to be the best of all the Williamson
romances. It is told with a refreshing sparkle, and teems with incident.
Beautifully illustrated in colors. $1.50.
Arizona Nights
By the author of "The Blazed
By STEWART EDWARD WHITE
Trail," "The Silent Places," etc.
Red-blooded, vigorous yarns of desert, ranch and mountain which have, for the most part, appeared in
McClure's. Welded together, these tales make a single clean-cut picture of life in the Southwest. The
powerful short serial, " The Rawhide," rounds out the book.
Illustrations in color by N. C. Wyeth. $1.50.
Helena's Path
By the author of
By ANTHONY HOPE
“The Prisoner of Zenda," etc.
An exquisite romantic comedy which is fully worthy of the creator of " Zenda.” The plot has to do
with a quarrel over the right of way to a path, involving an English lord and the beautiful Marchesa
Helena, and culminating in a romance of consummate charm and beauty.
Frontispiece in colors. $1.25.
Wards of Liberty
By the author of
By MYRA KELLY
“Little Citizens,” etc.
A new series of East Side school stories, introducing again the inimitable “ Little Citizens " who made
the first book famous. The new stories are as captivatingly fresh and original and human as their
predecessors, and one or two of them strike a wholly new and deeper note.
Illustrations in tint. $1.50.
Letitia: Nursery Corps, U. S. A.
By the author of
Emmy Lou"
By GEORGE MADDEN MARTIN
To " Emmy Lou" Mrs. Martin now adds another fascinating study of child life in her “ Letitia."
The daughter of an army officer and his wife, little Letitia grows up in an environment of camp and army
post. She is as sweet and altogether adorable as Emmy Lou was, and her artlessness and naturalness in
these surroundings are both delightful and pathetic.
Illustrations by Frederick Dorr Steele. $1.50.
Heart of the West
By the author of
By O. HENRY
“The Four Millions," etc.
Several of the funniest and best stories by O. Henry appear in this new book, which is made up of
about twenty-five of his inimitable tales of Western life and types which have appeared at intervals in the
magazines. These stories are the best of their kind since Bret Harte.
Illustrations by Van Arlits and others. $1.50.
Cupid, The Cow-Puncher
By the author of
By ELEANOR GATES
“The Plow-Woman," etc.
(A wholesome, boisterous, breezy love-story of the plains which takes the cowboy hero all the way
from the ranch to New York after the runaway heroine. The culmination is reached in a Central Park
round-up which takes away the breath of the local police.
Illustrated by Wyeth and others. $1.50.
By the author of
By ELLIS PARKER BUTLER
"Pigs is Pigo"
QA most delightfully humoresque little novel, whose plot revolves about the familiar figure of Eliph
Hewlett, the famous book agent. There is a love-story in which Mr. Butler develops a vein of the most
charming sentiment.
Illustrated. $1.00.
Kilo
The New Missioner
By the author of
By MRS. WILSON WOODROW
“The Bird of Time"
QA strong, brilliant new novel, laid in the scenes of Mrs. Woodrow's famous "Zenith " stories which
have appeared in McClure's. The Missioner is a woman, Frances Barton, who carries the Gospel into
the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains and into the lives of the strange inhabitants of the Zenith
community.
Illustrated. $1.50.
FORTY-FOUR EAST TWENTY-THIRD STREET
NEW YORK


190.7.]
149
THE DIAL
FALL The McClure Company BOOKS
Successors to McClure, Phillips & Co.
THE YEAR'S GREATEST BIOGRAPHY
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz
Two volumes, ready shortly..
Fully illustrated with portraits, contemporary engravings, and original drawings.
There is no need to say anything here of the importance of this work as a contribution to
American history and biography. Not in years have there appeared the reminiscences of a
notable figure in American affairs more fascinating and of greater vital interest to Americans
than these of Carl Schurz. Their publication in McClure's has been attracting more attention
than any magazine serial of recent times.
No American since Lincoln shines with so bright a light upon the pages of our history as
this splendid figure. Every good cause and great movement of reform knew the weight of
his gifts of leadership and eloquence. His friends included most of his great American con-
temporaries — presidents, statesmen, soldiers. Future generations will find in his memoirs the
very pattern and example of a manhood moulded in accordance with the ideals of democracy.
Ready in October. Two volumes, price, net $6.00. Postage additional.
QA BRILLIANT SOCIAL HISTORY OF THE HOME OF OUR PRESIDENTS
The White House
By ESTHER SINGLETON
The story of the most famous residence in the United States, the home of its Chief Executives
for over a century, the scene of the greatest entertainments and functions in our social and
official history – such is what has been attempted for the first time by Miss Esther Singleton,
who has had access to documents and personal and private records which have never heretofore
been available. Miss Singleton has made, it need hardly be said, the best of all this material,
and has written a work of the utmost fascination for all American readers.
The Wagner Stories
By FILSON YOUNG
The narratives of the Wagner operas, written by a student of music who is imbued with the true
Wagner spirit. The book is refreshingly free from any technical jargon, but each argument is presented
in a pure literary form, the materials of which are drawn from Wagner's own works. A book for the
music-lover and the opera-goer. Cloth. Postpaid, $1.62; nei, $1.50.
Great Writers
By GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY
Virgil, Shakespeare, Scott, Cervantes, Montaigne, and Milton these are the men whom Professor
Woodberry has chosen to re-interpret to the modern world. Several of the papers have appeared, greatly
abbreviated, in McClure's Magazine, Cloth. Postpaid, $1.32; net, $1.20.
Old Indian Days
By DR. CHARLES A. EASTMAN
CA htful new volume of descriptive and narrative sketches of Indian life, supplementing the
author's now famous “ Indian Boyhood," whose beauty and poetic charm have impressed thousands of
readers. The new book is certain of a wide and appreciative audience.
Illustrations in colors by Dan Sayre Groesbeck. $1.50.
FORTY-FOUR EAST TWENTY-THIRD STREET
NEW YORK


150
[Sept. 16
THE DIAL

The Key
to a
Treasure
House
Potn October 1907 No10
What's in
the
(Tagazines
A Guide and Index
to the Contents of the
Current Periodicals
Published
Che Dial
Ch
Price 5 cents
a copy
The high-class
magazines form a treasure
house of knowledge and entertain.
ment to which everyone may have access.
Not to keep up with the magazines is to fall
hopelessly behind the times. Every phase of current
thought and activity is vividly reflected in their pages.
How to keep up with them - how to get the best of all this
bewildering array – how to know of the things you want to
read -- has always been a mighty hard problem.
The “Magazine Problem” is now Solved
WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES
IS THE SOLUTION
Here is a little publication, just the size of this illustration, which
comes each month and tells you in five minutes just what you want
to know about the month's periodicals – monthly and weekly.
And you get this information when you need it - just when
the new magazines begin to appear on the news stands.
It is the pocket Baedeker to magazine land, simply and
sensibly arranged, and costs but 50 cents a year.
Send for a copy of the October issue (free).
THE DIAL COMPANY,
702 Fine Arts Bldg.
Chicago
-


1907.]
151
THE DIAL
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY'S
NEW BOOKS
FALL 1907
FICTION
THE DAUGHTER OF ANDERSON CROW. By GEORGE BARR MOCUTCHEON, author of " Beverly of
Graustark,"
," "Jane Cable," etc. Illustrated with sixteen full-page illustrations by Martin Justice. Frontispiece in
colors. 12mo, cloth...
.$1.50.
......$1.50.
MOTHER. By OWEN WISTER, author of "The Virgin-
ian,” “Lady Baltimore," etc. With eight illustrations,
four of which are in colors, by John Ray. Also decora-
tive borders and cover in full colors. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
THOSE QUEER BROWNS. By FLORENCE MORSE
KINGSLEY, author of "The Resurrection of Miss Cyn-
thia," "The Singular Miss Smith,” etc. Frontispiece
and inlay on cover by Harrison Fisher. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
REVELATIONS OF INSPECTOR MORGAN. By
OSWALD CRAWFURD, author of "Sylvia Arden,"
The
Ways of the Millionaire," etc. 12mo, cloth..... .$1.50.
HALO. By BETTINA VON HUTTEN, author of * Pam,"
Pam Decides,” etc. Illustrated by Martin Justice.
12mo, cloth.
$1.50.
THE STOOPING LADY. By MAURICE HEWLETT, au-
thor of "The Forest Lovers," "Richard Yea and Nay."
etc. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth.
$1.50
HER SON. By HORACE ANNESLEY VACHELL, author of
“Brothers," "The Hill," etc. Frontispiece by Walter
Everett. 12mo, cloth........
HEART OF JESSY LAURIE. By AMELIA E. BARR,
author of "The Bow of Orange Ribbon," "The Maid of
Maiden Lane," etc. Frontispiece and inlay on cover
by Harrison Fisher. 12mo, cloth......
.$1.50.
MY LADY CAPRICE. By JEFFERY FARROL. With full-
page illustrations in color by Charlotte Weber Ditzler,
and border decorations by T. B. Hapgood. 8vo, cloth,
.$1.50.
60
boxed....
MISCELLANEOUS
cloth.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE. By JAMES FER-
GUSSON, D.C.L., F.R.S., M.R.A.S. Revised and brought
up to date by Dr. George Kriehn, formerly Professor of
Art History, Leland Stanford Jr.University. Colored fron-
tispieces, etc. 2 vols. Large 8vo, cloth, boxed, net, $10.00.
A GUIDE TO THE WEST INDIES. By FREDERICK A.
OBER, author of "Our West India Neighbors," etc. Pro-
fusely illustrated and with many maps.
Flexible cloth..
.Probably, net, $2.00.
Flexible leather.
Probably, special net, $2.50.
MEXICO OF THE XX. CENTURY. By PERCY F.
MARTIN, F.R.G.S., author of "Through Five Republics
of South America," etc. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, with about
100 illustrations and maps..........
...Probably, net, $8.50.
GOOD BRIDGE. By CHARLES STUART STREET, author of
Whist Up to Date," Bridge Up to Date," "Sixty
Bridge Hands," etc. 16mo, limp leather... .net, $1.25.
A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By W.
ROBERTSON NICOLL, author of "Literary Anecdotes of
the Nineteenth Century,” “ Letters on Life," etc., and
Thomas Seccombe. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, 3 vols. Prob.
ably....
......net, $5.00.
CATHEDRAL CITIES OF FRANCE. By HERBERT
MARSHALL, R.W.S., and HESTER MARSHALL. With sixty
full-page illustrations in color. 8vo, cloth....net. $3.50.
Edition de Luxe...
...special net, $7.50.
VENICE. By BBRYL DE SÉLINCOURT, author of " Homes
of the First Franciscans," and MAY STURGE-HENDERSON,
author of "Two Centuries of North Oxfordshire.”
Numerous illustrations from water-color drawings by
Reginald Barratt, of the Royal Water-color Society.
Large 8vo.....
........net, $3.50.
Edition de Luxe.
Special net, $7.50.
CULTURE BY CONVERSATION. By ROBERT WATERS,
author of "Intellectual Pursuits," "Life of William
Cobbett," John Selden and his Table-Talk,” etc.
12mo, cloth....
.net, $1.20.
CAIRO, JERUSALEM, AND DAMASCUS: Three
Chief Cities of the Egyptian Sultans. By D. S. MAR-
GOLIOUTH, D.Litt., Laudian Professor of Arabic in the
University of Oxford. Fully illustrated in color after
water-color originals by W.S.S. Tyrwhitt, R.B.A.; with
additional plates after paintings by Reginald Bar-
ratt, A.R.W.8., and from native objects. Large 8vo,
.net, $3.50.
Edition de Luxe.
.special net, $7.50.
HISTORIC LANDMARKS OF AMERICA, described
by great writers. Compiled by ESTHER SINGLETON,
author of " A Guide to the Opera," etc. Fully illustrated
in the style of " Turrets, Towers and Temples," etc.
8vo, cloth..
....net, $1.60.
GERMANY, described by great writers. Compiled by
ESTHER SINGLETON, author of "A Guide to the Opera,"
etc. Illustrated in the style of " London, Described by
Great Writers," etc. 8vo, cloth........ .net, $1.60.
THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE FLOWERS. By
MAURICE MAETERLINCK, author of The Life of the
Bee," " Joyzelle," etc. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, marginal
decorations by Edgar Fisher.......... ..net, $1.20.
BOHEMIA IN LONDON. By ARTHUR RANSOME. With
fifty illustrations, large 8vo, cloth. Probably, net, $1.50.
A SPRING FORTNIGHT IN FRANCE. By JOSEPHINE
TOZIER, author of " Among English Inns." etc. With
numerous illustrations from photographs and maps.
8vo, cloth..
.net, $1.60.
DODD, MEAD & CO., PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK
abbiamo


152
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
THE MOSHER BOOKS
FALL ANNOUNCEMENT
READY OCTOBER FIRST
The Old World Series
The Home
Poetry Book
We have all been
wanting so
long.
.
Edited by
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Editor “Poems of the Civil War,"
"Laurel Crowned Verse," etc. Author
"Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc., etc.
"GOLDEN POEMS" contains more of everyone's
favorites than any other collection at a
a popu.
lar price, and has besides the very best of the
many fine poems that have been written in
the last few years.
Other collections may contain more poems of one
kind or more by one author.
"GOLDEN POEMS” (by British and American
Authors) has 550 selections from 300 writers,
covering the whole range of English literature.
“Golden Poems"
BOUND IN THE FOLLOWING STYLES:
Japan vellum, flexible, turned down fore-edges $1.00 net
Old-style blue paper boards, white back and label
1.25
Flexible leather, smooth, dark olive, gilt tops
1.50
Japan vellum edition (numbered copies only) 2.50
XLII
THE HAPPY PRINCE AND OTHER TALES
By OSCAR WILDE
This is the complete text giving the five tales entire.
XLIII
GASTON DE LATOUR: An Unfinished Romance
By WALTER PATER
With Foreword by William Marion Reedy.
XLIV
BALLADS IN BLUE CHINA AND OTHER POEMS
BY ANDREW LANG
A companion volume to the Ballads and Lyrics of Old France.
XLV
THE HOUR OF BEAUTY: Songs and Poems
BY FIONA MACLEOD
The final collection of lyrics by this rare singer.
The Ideal Series
Printed on hand-made paper, price, so cents net.
Japan vellum edition, price, $1.00 net.
VII
THE DISTANT COUNTRY AND OTHER PROSE
POEMS.
By Fiona MACLEOD
VIII
DREAM OF PROVENCE (ORGEAS AND MIRADOU)
BY FREDERICK WEDMORE
The Vest Pocket Series
Blue paper wrapper, $.25. Limp cloth, $.40.
Flexible leather, gilt top. $.75. Japan vellum edition, $1. net.
XIII
CRABBED AGE AND YOUTH & OTHER ESSAYS
By ROBERT Louis STEVENSON
XIV
STARS OF THOUGHT: SELECTIONS FROM THE WRITINGS OF
RALPH WALDO EMERSON.
Chosen and edited by Thomas Coke Watkins.
The Lyric Garland
Hand-made paper edition, 50 cents net, per volume.
Japan vellum edition, $1.00 net, per volume.
XI
CYNARA: A Little Book of Verse
By ERNEST Dowson
XII
A LITTLE BOOK OF XXIV CAROLS
BY KATHARINE TYNAN
Miscellaneous
XXXVI
A DEFENCE OF POETRY BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
50 numbered copies only on Japan vellum, of which 40 are
for sale. Price, $4.00 net.
XXXVII
THE IMMORTAL HOUR: A Drama in Two Acts
By Fiona MACLEOD
500 copies, F-cap.4to, on toned Van Gelder paper, $1.50 net.
50 numbered copies on Japan vellum, $3.00 net.
XXXVIII
THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES.
500 copies F-cap 8vo, on Van Gilder raper, printed in red
and black. Price, $1.00 net.
50 numbered copies on Japan vellum, $2.00 net.
The Mosher Books are sold by most good booksellers, but if yours do
not keep them my new Catalogue, ready October 1, will put you in
touch with these editions. Sent free on request.
THOMAS B. MOSHER, PORTLAND, MAINE

"GOLDEN POEMS" is a fireside volume for the
thousands of families who love poetry. It is
meant for those who cannot afford all the col-
lected works of their favorite poets-it offers
the poems they like best, all in one volume.
The selections in "GOLDEN POEMS" are classi-
fied according to their subjects: By the Fire-
side; Nature's Voices; Dreams and Fancies;
Friendship and Sympathy: Love: Liberty and
Patriotism; Battle Echoes; Humor; Pathos and
Sorrow; The Better Life; Scattered Leaves.
GOLDEN POEMS," with its wide appeal, at-
tractively printed and beautifully bound,
makes an especially appropriate Christmas
gift.
In two styles binding, ornamental cloth and flex-
ible leather. Of booksellers, or the publishers,
A. C. MCCLURG & CO., CHICAGO.
Price, $1.50.
GOLDEN
OEMS.
LDEN GOLDEN
TUTEO LY
13ROWNE
POEMS
EDITED BY FRANCIS E BROWNE.
CUORG


1907.]
153
THE DIAL
NEW AND
IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS
THE WAY OF A MAN
THE TRAGEDY OF RUSSIA IN
By Emerson Hough
PACIFIC ASIA By Frederick McCormick
A masterpiece of fiction by the author of The Mississippi
Bubble." The scene is laid in the West, mostly during the time
This is by far the most important book on the late war that
of the great westward movement previous to the Civil War.
will be published for some time, Mr. McCormick was the Asso-
This passionate and powerful novel will appeal alike to those ciated Press representative with the Russian Army, and went
who read for “the story's sake" and those who appreciate good
through the war from beginning to end,
literature.
Cloth; illustrated. Price, $1.50
Cloth: illustrated. 2 Vols. Price, $6.00 net
CAMP AND TRAIL
AT THE FOOT OF THE RAINBOW
By Stewart Edward White
By Gene Stratton-Porter
A practical experience book by the author of "The Blazed
The scene of this charming, idyllic love story is laid in Indiana;
Trail," etc., for those who love outdoor life. Mr. White tells
the action is, mostly out of doors. The story is one of devoted
just what is necessary for comfort and convenience in the camp
friendship and tender, self-sacrificing love. It is brimful of the
and on the trail. Cloth; illustrated. Price, $1.25 net
most beautiful word painting of nature.
Cloth; illustrated. Price, $1.50
BIG GAME AT SEA
By Charles Frederick Holder
THE ROMANCE OF AN OLD-TIME
A new volume by this well-known sportsman and naturalist.
SHIP-MASTER Edited by Ralph D. Paine
Here will be found thrilling accounts of battles with the Giant
Tuna, Devil Fish, Shark and other mammoth denizens of the This is a collection of letters and journals written by an Ameri.
deep sea.
Cloth; illustrated. Price, $2.00 net can sea captain at the beginning of the last century. It reveals
a most charming and lovable personality, and throws a curious
light on life at sea at the time.
J. ARCHIBALD McKACKNEY
Cloth; illustrated. Price, $1.50 net
(Collector of Whiskers)
PRACTICAL FARMING
Edited by Ralph D. Paine
A startling and original book of humor. A gentleman of
By W. F. Massey
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154
[Sept. 16, 1907.
THE DIAL
BOOKS TO READ IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN THE
SEARCH FOR A MORE REASONABLE WAY OF LIVING
What is the new
basis of effort in
social work?
What causes the
contrast between
private and
public morality ?
What is the great-
est educational
need of our time?
What is the matter
with our colleges ?
How is the Church
attaining to the end
of its existence ?
By Professor Simon N. Patten University of Pennsylvania
The New Basis of Civilization
He preaches the gospel that the new morality consists not in saving, but in expand-
ing equipment; that increased strength, keen interests, and efficiency are a better
safeguard for the future than a bank account; that the suppression of vice is only
accomplished by releasing virtue --and he does it in pointed sentences that will not
be forgotten.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.00 net; by mail, $1.10.
By Professor Arthur Twining Hadley Yale University
Standards of Public Morality
He treats with what the Chicago Tribune describes as a remarkable quality of
common sense, as rare as it is attractive,” the formation of public opinion, the
accepted ethics of trade, of corporate management, of political machinery; and closes
with an inspiring discussion of the political duties of the citizen which is really
practical.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.00 net; by mail, $1.10.
By President Nicholas Murray Butler Columbia University
True and False Democracy
The moral education of the individual human being, through democracy, by public
opinion, and the exercise of citizenship, is the subject of this particularly sane and
timely book.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.00 net; by mail, $1.10.
By Clarence F. Birdseye, Esq., of the New York Bar
Individual Training in our colleges
"The average student of to-day does not receive as good preparation for the work of
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out of his college life as he is entitled to. The author has undertaken to show why
this is true. ... He has made a strong argument, has won his case, and the book
should be widely read.” – Daily Evening Transcript, Boston.
Cloth, 8vo, $1.75 net; by mail, $1.91,
By Professor Walter Rauschenbusch of Rochester Theological Seminary
Christianity and the Social Crisis
"It is a book to like, to learn from, and ... to be charmed with," said the New
York Times. He explains the work of the Church as “transforming the present con-
ditions of this world into those of the kingdom of God," and, what is more, points a
reasonable way.
Cloth, 8vo, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.62.
By Professor Shailer Mathews Chicago University
The Church and the Changing Order
The Boston Herald describes the book as "singularly frank and penetrating" in its
account of the reasons why the Church seems to be losing its hold upon the people,
while at the same time the religious instinct seems to be as strong as it ever was.
His topics, Scholarship, Brotherhood, Social Discontent, Materialism, are those upon
which such sane, modern thinking is greatly needed.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.62.
By Albert Shaw, LL.D., Editor of The Review of Reviews
Political Problems of American Development
The special interest of this book lies in his showing how each passing problem - of
sectionalism, immigration, race, citizenship, parties, and policies – relates itself to
the continuous evolution of free, democratic society.
Cloth, 8vo, $1.50 net; by mail, $1.62.
By Henry S. Haines, author of “Restrictive Railway Legislation."
Railway Corporations as Public Servants
A closely reasoned discussion, from the point of view of public utility, of the most
important phases of the railway problem. The author was formerly a railroad official
and speaks from long experience.
Cloth, 8vo. Ready this week.
By John R. Commons University of Wisconsin
Races and Immigrants in America
We do not recall another book of its size that presents so much important and
essential information on this vital topic.” – Review of Reviews.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50; by mail, $1.62.
How are the
new conditions
of life being met
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How has the
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succeeded in realiz-
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What is the
service due from
the railroads?
What is the
make-up of the
American nation?
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ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
No. 510.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1907. Vol. XLIII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR
155
CASUAL COMMENT
. 157
Trollope the prolific. Oscar Wilde's reviving
popularity. - The German Library Association. —
Richard Mansfield as a journalist. - Twenty years
of Esperanto.-A suggestion for a story.—Another
projected memorial. - The pleasant practice of
reading aloud. - A French “Old Pepys.” — The
publication of private correspondence. One hun-
dred of the best novels. ---“National Biography”.
for slender
purses.
ITALY'S GREATEST ACTRESS. Percy F. Bicknell 160
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR.
The present issue of The Dial contains the
list of publishers’announcements, duly classified,
which we are accustomed to prepare at this sea-
son of the year.
It is a long list and a varied
one, with titles that should whet almost every
kind of literary appetite. A hasty examination
of this list reveals many announcements of much
interest, and we have here selected (also in ac-
cordance with our annual custom) a few of the
books which are likely to be awaited with some-
thing more than ordinary eagerness. Our selec-
tion is confined to the five categories of general
literature, history, biography, poetry, and fiction.
Among the volumes scheduled for early ap-
pearance probably none is more important than
those of the i Cambridge History of English
Literature," under the editorship of Messrs. A.
W. Ward and A. R. Walker. This work, long
in preparation, is upon the plan of the “ Cam-
bridge Modern History,” and will extend to
fourteen volumes.
It will be the work of many
hands, for the subject has now far outgrown the
capacity of any single scholar, and the opening
volume, “ From the Origins to Chaucer,” is now
practically ready for publication. In this con-
nection, we may also mention Mr. W. Robertson
Nicoll's forthcoming illustrated “ History of
English Literature," in three volumes. To the
important “ Library of Literary History” two
new volumes will be added — one on the Arabs ·
by Mr. R. A. Nicholson, and one on France by
M. Emile Faguet. We are to have two new
books, respectively entitled “Great Writers”
and “ The Appreciation of Literature,” by Pro-
fessor G. E. Woodberry; and a volume by
Professor Barrett Wendell on “ The France of
To-day" direct consequence
of the author's
recent experience as a lecturer at the Sorbonne.
A few other books relating to literary history
and criticism are the following : “ The Novels of
George Meredith," by Mr. E. E. J. Bailey;
“Inquiries and Opinions," by Professor Brander
Matthews;“Studies in Poetry,” by the Rev. Stop-
ford A. Brooke; "The Elizabethan Drama," by
Professor F. E. Schelling ; and “ The Greater
English Poets of the Nineteenth Century,” by
Dr. W. M. Payne.
Among works of history, the various sets and
THE PRESENT STATUS OF DARWINISM, David
Starr Jordan
161
163
THE ADVENTURES OF JOHN SMITH. Lawrence
J. Burpee
EARLY COLONIAL DAYS IN AMERICA. Anna
Heloise Abel
165
166
RECENT ENGLISH POETRY. William Morton
Payne .
Watts-Dunton's The Work of Cecil Rhodes. -
Tylee's Trumpet and Flag. -- Fallaw's Silverleaf
and Oak. Atkinson's Mattathias. - Mackie's
Short Poems. — Gould's Lyrics.
a
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
168
The new view of Roman sculpture. Recreations
of a bookish parson. --- A soldier's letters to his
mother. - The ballad as a literary type. — Some
rural ruminations. — A representative of the old
Democracy in the South. — A leaf from the life of
a wonderful woman.
NOTES
171
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS
172
(A classified list of books announced for publica-
tion during the coming Fall and Winter season.)
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
186


156
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
series already in progress make an important Tilley's Rabelais, and the “ Memoirs of Frédéric
showing, but we will here take them for granted, Mistral.” The “ Memories of My Life,” by
and speak only of new enterprises. Three Mme. Sarah Bernhardt, and the Memoirs and
books of allied interest are the “ England and Artistic Studies of Adelaide Ristori ” are two
America, 1763-1783,” of Mrs. M. A. M. books of allied interest that are sure to be widely
Marks, the “ British Colonial Policy, 1754– read. A book on Petrarch by Mr. H. C.
1765 ” of Mr. George L. Beer, and “ The Hollway-Calthrop, one on Nietzsche by Mr.
Struggle for American Independence ” of Mr. Henry L. Mencken, and one on Ibsen by Mr.
Sydney G. Fisher. A subject of peculiar in A. Boguslawsky, are three biographies that will
terest, hitherto almost unexploited, has been appeal to students of literature.
found by Mr. Justin H. Smith, who has written It is our usual experience that the best
of “ Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony : new poetry comes unheralded, and we do not
Canada and the American Revolution." In expect great things from the preliminary an-
Roman history we are to have “ Studies in the nouncements of the publishers. But we shall
Early History of Ancient Italy,” by Professor welcome Mr. Gilder's “The Fire Divine,” Mrs.
Ettore Pais, and The Greatness and Decline Helen Hay Whitney's “Gypsy Verses,” the
of Rome,” by Professor Guglielmo Ferrero. “ New Poems ” of Mr. Stephen Phillips, and
A new “ Romance of History” series promises “ The Pilgrim Jester" by Mr. A. E. J. Legge.
well, being opened by Major Hume with And we shall be particularly glad to see the
" Elizabeth and Philip; or, The Whole Story translation of Sig. d'Annunzio's “ La Figlia di
of the Spanish Armada.” This should be as Jorio” and Miss Agnes Tobin's new volume of
interesting as Froude, and a good deal more translations from Petrarch.
trustworthy. The same author is also down for The novelists we have always with us, and in
a work on “The Court of Philip IV., the ever swelling hosts. We may select ten from
Decadence of Spain.” A few other titles of each side of the Atlantic as representative ex-
interest are Mr. Sidney Lee's “Call of the amples. American fiction will have the fol-
West : America and Elizabethan England "; lowing accessions : “ Between the Dark and
“ The Mongols,” by the late Jeremiah Curtin; the Daylight,” by Mr. W. D. Howells ; “ Julia
Napoleon and the Invasion of England,” by Bride,” by Mr. Henry James ; “ Arethusa," by
Messrs. H. B. F. Wheeler and I. M. Broodley ; Mr.F.Marion Crawford ; “Santa Fe's Partner,"
“ The Great Plains, 1527–1870,” by Mr. by Mr. Thomas A. Janvier ; “ Beth Norvell,” by
Randall Parrish; and “ The Gamesters of the Mr. Randall Parrish ; “ The Fruit of the Tree,”
Wilderness," a book about the romantic history by Mrs. Edith Wharton ; " The Beaten Road,"
of the Hudson's Bay Company.
by Miss Ellen Glasgow ; “ The Princess Pour-
Turning to biography, we find that we may quoi,” by Miss Margaret Sherwood ; “ Ances-
soon expect in book form two works that have tors,” by Mrs. Gertrude Atherton ; and “ The
already attracted much attention during their Bond," by “ Neith Boyce.” From our skin
publication as serials in the magazines. Readers beyond sea”(never more fully our kin than when
who have followed their serial course do not need writing novels) we may expect these among
to be told how thoroughly delightful they will others : “ Helena's Path," by Mr. Anthony
find the “ Reminiscences of Carl Schurz," and Hope Hawkins ; “
Hope Hawkins; “Merry Rockhurst," by Mr.
“ The Spirit of Old West Point” by Mr. Morris and Mrs. Egerton Castle ; “ The Broken Road,'
Schaff. Another announcement of exceptional by Mr. A. E. W. Mason ; “ Mayor Vigoureux,'
interest is that of the “ Memorials of Thomas by Mr.A.T. Quiller-Couch; “ The Weavers," by
Davidson,” the “wandering scholar” whose Sir Gilbert Parker ; “ The Secret Agent,” by
personality made so deep an impression upon all Mr. Joseph Conrad; “ The Stooping Lady,"
Mr. Ellis P. Oberholtzer's life by Mr. Maurice Hewlett ; “The Helpmate,
of " Jay Cooke, Financier of the Civil War” is by Miss May Sinclair ; “ The Folk Afield,” by
another American biography of more sober his- Mr. Eden Phillpotts ; and “ The Settlers of
torical interest. In English biography, we note Karossa Creek," by Mr. Louis Becke.
Mrs. Humphry Ward's life of William Thomas
Arnold, Mr. Frank Podmore's life of Robert THE fiftieth anniversary number of the “ Atlantic
Owen, Mr. Edward J. Ellis's "The Real Blake," Monthly” is to be issued in November. It will include
and Mr. D. W. Rannie's - Wordsworth and his
articles by three ex-editors — the late Thomas Bailey
Aldrich, William Dean Howells, and Walter H. Page;
Circle.” Three important French biographies and also reminiscent essays by J. T. Trowbridge and
are M. Jules Lemaître's Rousseau, Mr. Arthur Charles Eliot Norton.
>>


1907.]
157
THE DIAL
French to think none the less of his art because of
CASUAL COMMENT.
the stain on his morals -- just as it is equally char-
TROLLOPE THE PROLIFIC or, as his readers are acteristic of the Britons to assume a contrary attitude.
sometimes tempted to call him, Trollope the prolix But even in London the summer now closing has seen
is made the subject of an interesting article by
a successful revival of “A Woman of no Import-
the editor of “The Berner Oberland,” who visited ance,” under Mr. Tree's management, with (actu-
and interviewed the famous novelist's son Henry ally) the playwright's name on the programme. This
at the latter's summer home under the shadow of was probably the first public recognition of Oscar
the Jungfrau. “My father had a warm beart for Wilde in England since his disgrace. Byron and Poe
America," declared Mr. Trollope. “Of what he are sometimes linked with Wilde in literary criticism
wrote it is strange that I hear in this obscure little and discussion; and it is undeniably true that with-
place, through which pass many of your fellow out the lurid streak that ran through the character
countrymen, more keen understanding and delight of each his genius would not have commanded the
ful love for my father's books than I ever heard world's fascinated attention as it has. Genius, like
from Englishmen. You Americans are wonder- sin, has an element of the unaccountable, the irra-
fully well informed concerning our authors and tional, and it has long been conjectured that the
their works.” As to the novelist's literary methods, two have a mysterious connection that must forever
“ he once said that he would always give the big baffle our comprehension. Yet few would have the
public what they preferred, - if the public insisted
hardihood to maintain that the fair flower of genius
on having Lady Glencores and Johnny Eameses, is rooted in iniquity ; rather do we like to believe that
he would continue to manufacture them! He con the highest art and the highest virtue are closely akin.
stantly wrote — wrote wrote! He always had
something ready for a publisher when he called,
THE GERMAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION displays far
and something to suit. . . My father could sit
less energy and zeal when the time for its annual
down at any time and write for hours with hardly meeting comes round than are manifested on corre-
lifting his pen from the paper. His prolificness was
sponding occasions in this country and England.
amazing. He was a well-read man. He read some-
Earnest and active though they may be individually,
thing every morning of his life before beginning
and each at his own desk and serving his own com-
his own composition.” His conception of literary munity, the librarians of Germany do not assemble in
inspiration is well known.
“ As for literary labor,
multitudes at conventions; but it would be no hazard-
he had no patience with those fellows who wait
ous conjecture to attribute a large part of this seeming
for inclination! In his mind the surest aid to the
sluggishness to the pitiful smallness of the German
writing of a book is a piece of cobbler's wax on the
library-worker's salary. We recall an assistant libra-
chair — sitting at it and to get at the desk day by
rian at the Göttingen University Library, who, though
day!” Truly Trollope is even more interesting
he was a doctor of philosophy and possessed a wide
than any of his still-famous characters, not except- knowledge of literature, received an exiguous stipend
ing the wonderful she-bishop, Mrs. Proudie; and
that would hardly have hired a boy to run for books
his way of producing fiction by the pound every
in one of our libraries. Therefore, from the fact
morning before breakfast, and before his serious
that only sixty-six are reported as attending the late
professional labors of the day, was indeed astonish-
convention at Bamberg we need not conclude that
ing. The wonder is that his stories have as much
Bibliothekswesen is in a parlous state in the Empire.
swing and verve as they have. Not one novelist
A lack of cooperation and associate interest must
in a thousand could keep so excellent a vintage of undoubtedly exist where so few of those engaged in
romance forever on tap; it would grow musty, or
the same work can manage to rub elbows once a year,
taste of the cask.
and where, as we read, out of the eighty persons en-
gaged in carrying on the Prussian university libra-
OSCAR WILDE'S REVIVING POPULARITY is some ries, only one delegate was in attendance at Bamberg.
thing remarkable, especially on the continent of
But for all that, when it comes to circulating books
Europe. Trustworthy report tells of his works now
among the people, the German public librarian, as
actively selling in French, German, and Italian trans-
we have already indicated in these columns, shows
lation, except that the plays (not including “Sa himself no sinecurist. For example, the public libra-
lome") appear to be less in demand than the novels, ries of Berlin, according to their latest annual report,
poems,
and essays. On the stage, however, the plays, issue a million and a third volumes yearly. The
especially “Salome,” meet with increasing favor. Chicago Public Library, serving probably a larger
Wilde's writings lend themselves readily to transla-
number of readers, does not very much exceed this.
tion, -- above all in French, a language that he him-
self spoke and wrote like a native; and even in the RICHARD MANSFIELD AS A JOURNALIST is remem-
heavier German he has found hardly less effective bered now by only a scattering one or two, while
rendering. The contrast between the gloomy trag Richard Mansfield the actor is held in fond remem-
edy of this author's life and the amazing brilliancy brance by thousands. The biographers have mostly
of his genius seems to possess unfailing charm for ignored this phase of the young Mansfield, though
European readers; and it is characteristic of the several mention his unsuccessful or unsatisfactory
I
.


158
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
start in business. A journalist no longer young,
that Dame Nature's trade in roses and lilies and
whose memory goes back to Boston newspaperdom violets will perceptibly suffer. Likewise we hardly
of the seventies, has a distinct remembrance of
young need fear that, with the spread of an artificial lan-
Richard Mansfield doing all-round work on a small guage, the vernacular will fall into disuse, or that
Boston paper now long extinct. Possibly others may the pleasure and profit of studying a foreign tongue
be still alive who recall the future actor as haunting will cease to be recognized.
newspaper offices and as exhibiting far more shyness
and less haughtiness than characterized his later A SUGGESTION FOR A STORY of thrilling interest is
years. These journalistic reminiscences, which have furnished by the recent tragicand heroic death of four
lately found their way into the Boston “Transcript,' Russian military balloonists in the Gulf of Finland.
speak of the unfledged artist as doing, among other The air-ship, sent up for military purposes from the
newspaper work, dramatic and musical criticism aëronautic park near St. Petersburg, was carried out
without, however, astonishing the dramatic and mu to sea with its four occupants, and soon began to sink
sical world. But one of his essays in this field did until the car was in danger of being plunged into the
attract a measure of attention: it was one wherein water. Thereupon the four balloonists took out a
he aimed the shafts of his satire at an inanimate, but Tontine life-insurance policy of a novel sort, whereby
sufficiently conspicuous, target, — the bass drum of a it was hoped that one or more would profit by the
theatre orchestra. “Mansfield,” we are told, “ read death of the remainder, the premium being dear life
the pounder of sheepskin a severe and wordy lecture itself. Drawing lots, three of the men, one after
on his ignorance of the dynamic value and capability another as the situation demanded, leaped into the
of the instrument as exhibited that night at that per sea, thus lightening the balloon and giving it a longer
formance. That was not the era of detailed criti lease of life. But the last survivor enjoyed his survi-
cisms, and the idea of preaching to the bass drum vorship only a short time. He too was drowned, and
tickled the risibility of the profession, although it the water-logged balloon, with a written message in
was natural that the sensibilties of one who was no the car telling the fate of the four unfortunates, was
mean musician himself, and the son of a famous picked up by a passing vessel. Without very much
singer as well, should be acute to defects that other remodeling or trimming, this would make a good
critics ignored as all in the day's work.” Even short story, or an effective chapter in a novel. But
in this all-but-forgotten incident we seem to recog it would be advisable to let one man survive, and in
nize the Mansfield of “ Richard III.” and “Beau fact to let him tell the harrowing tale in his own
Brummel” and “Jekyll and Hyde,”— the strenu person. After all, however, is there not something
ous insister upon perfection, as he conceived it, in cold blooded and inhuman in making literary capital
every minutest detail. Small sands the mountain, out of that terrible agony in the desolate expanse
moments make the year, and trifles the finished of the northern seas? How little can any descrip-
artistic product.
tive powers enable us to realize the horror of such
TWENTY YEARS OF ESPERANTO have now been
an event!
rounded out, for it was in 1887 that Dr. Zamenhof ANOTHER PROJECTED MEMORIAL solicits our at-
published his invention to the world. Since then tention and our contributions. It is proposed to
the tongue has been spreading with cumulative erect in St. Giles's Cathedral, Edinburgh, a suitable
rapidity, hundreds of clubs have been formed for monument to the memory of Mrs. Oliphant; and
its systematic study, two international congresses the committee having the matter in charge includes
of Esperantists have met, and this mid-August sees such persons of note as Mr. Balfour, Mr. J. M.
a third in session. We Americans are especially Barrie, Lord Rosebery, Mr. George Meredith, and
called upon by Dr. Zamenhof to take up Esperanto Mrs. Humphry Ward. “Ten years have passed
and promote its adoption as a world language. “O since the death of Mrs. Oliphant,” we are reminded
Americans,” he cries, in a pamphlet addressed to us, by the circular issued by this committee, “and if
" this language, whose ideal is the future union of this test of time is needed to prove the strength of
mankind, we hand on to you in the name of freedom, a literary reputation, it seems in this case to have
peace, and justice, for which the forefathers of most been successfully withstood. Her name has not
of
you
suffered so much.” Let us hope that he and grown less in these years; she still holds honorable
Mr. Stead may succeed in galvanizing into life this rank
among
the writers of the Victorian era as prob-
ingenious creation of the brain of man, and let us ably the most distinguished Scotswoman of letters
also pray that it may not develop into a linguistic the country has produced. In her private life she was
Frankenstein, a terror to its fellow-tongues of natural essentially one of the great ladies' - great in her
origin, and a monster ravaging the fair fields of lit- example, great alike in her joys and in her sorrows.
erature with fearful and wonderful translations and No doubt her books are her best memorial, but they
still more direful attempts at original composition. have been erected by herself, and to many of us,
The cunning of art has gone so far that, as we are her admirers, it does not seem well that we should
told, flowers are now manufactured that, for certain any longer deny ourselves the privilege of erecting
decorative purposes, are preferable to those that grow another.” Subscriptions are solicited by the hon-
in garden and hot-house; yet there is small danger | orary secretary, Mr. J. H. Millar, 10 Abercromby


1907.]
159
THE DIAL
Place, Edinburgh. How much there is to admire cation. The promised life of Whistler by Mr. and
in Mrs. Oliphant the woman, apart from Mrs. Mrs. Joseph Pennell was recently threatened with
Oliphant the writer, no one who has read her auto disaster at the hands of the court which had been
biography needs to be reminded.
referred the right to make public certain information
contained in the late artist's letters. His sister-in-
THE PLEASANT PRACTICE OF READING ALOUD is
law had brought suit, as executrix of the estate, to
one that is now falling into disuse. It may even restrain the Pennells, claiming that she herself was
be made an "elegant accomplishment,” along with authorized to make a selection from this correspond-
piano-playing and solo-singing, while the wear and
ence for publication after a number of years. Mr.
tear on the nerves of all within ear-shot during the and Mrs. Pennell, on the other hand, asserted that
period of learning and practice are vastly less in the Whistler had often expressed a desire that they
reader's case than in the musician's, and the chance
should write his biography, and had indicated his
of final success is far greater. The pleasure of each willingness to place at their disposal whatever ma-
one of a congenial circle of six listening to a sympa terial suited to that end was in his possession. And
thetic rendering of “ Abt Vogler” or “Beside the now the court has decided that the Pennells are
Bonnie Briar Bush ” is six times that derived from
entitled to make use of the information in question.
a solitary perusal. We abhor solitary feasting, in case Whistlerians will applaud this decision; but the
of the stomach; and why should we think it no shame time will probably come, and before very long,
to glut the mind and the fancy in unsocial privacy? when some law, written or unwritten, will be made
Gastric disorders result from dining alone, in the cor-
to cover, in a more or less precise and restrictive -
ner of a restaurant or at one's own deserted board.
fashion, all such cases as this.
May it not be that many of the crazy whims and
cranky notions to which the human mind is liable owe ONE HUNDRED OF THE BEST NOVELS have re-
their origin to the solitary gobbling of books -- either ceived honorable mention at the hands of that wide-
in the loneliness of one's study or in that more utter awake and progressive literary institution, the Free
loneliness that each visitor creates for himself in a
Public Library of Newark, N. J. The list is a
crowded public reading-room? The point will not revision of a similar list prepared six years ago for
bear pressing, for we are well aware of the rich Newark readers ; it is freely distributed among the
fruits brought to mellow maturity in the undisturbed
frequenters of the library, and the novels it names
meditation of the book-lover over his favorite vol-
are bought and placed in circulation in larger num-
ume; but the gains to be derived from reading
bers than ordinary works of fiction.
About one-
aloud in the family circle — each member taking eighth of the thousands of novels loaned by the
part in his turn are too
us to be overlooked,
library are found to have been selected from this
even in this era of rush and scramble.
official list. Mr. Dana, or whoever has drawn up
this roll of honor, does not claim that it enumerates
A FRENCH “OLD PEPYS” has been discovered.
the hundred best novels, but merely a hundred of the
Henri Legrand, a Beauvais architect of the early and
middle nineteenth century, wrote a diary in forty-
best; and they seem to be wisely chosen. Twenty-
five volumes ; and as he wrote it in an exceedingly
eight living authors are represented, and thirty-two
that live now only in their books. Thirty-eight of
complicated cipher, put together out of three lan-
the hundred novels are by writers still in the flesh,
guages, he probably hugged himself in the confident sixty-two by the illustrious dead. Foreign fiction is
assurance that it would never be read, and that its
represented by Balzac, Dumas, Hugo, George Sand,
writer would enjoy an immortal obscurity. But the
Count Tolstoi, and Turgénief, while German, Italian,
best-laid plans are surest of being upset. A certain
Spanish, and Scandinavian novelists are ignored.
Pierre Louyis, a novelist and a man of ingenuity
But, after all, what universally popular novel
and perseverance, is reported to have fathomed the
popular with English-speaking readers — can one
mystery of this trilingual cipher and to have inter-
preted the diary – surely a hermeneutic feat that
name from the countries thus neglected by the
Newark arbiters ?
casts in the shade the labors of the Rev. J. Smith
of Pepysian fame, and the daily achievements of
“ NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY
the “blind”
man of the United States post-office.
is now promised. In other words, a long-desired
Legrand's diary is said to retail an uncommon amount cheaper and less bulky edition of the great dic-
of scandal that was current in Paris society under tionary edited first by Leslie Stephen and then by
Louis Philippe and Louis Napoleon. It must have
Mr. Sidney Lee is soon to be issued, so we are in-
been something dreadful that required to be dis formed, the first volume to appear early next year
guised in so elaborate a mask.
if all goes well with the publishers' plans. The
sixty-seven octavos, printed on heavy paper, are to
THE PUBLICATION OF PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE be compressed to twenty-two; and thus many libra-
has often aroused discussion as to the propriety of
ries and students who have denied themselves the lux-
thus laying bare the writer's inner life and heart ury of owning the original edition will be enabled to
secrets; and sometimes this debate takes the form acquire a really more desirable, because less formid-
of more heated dispute over the legal right of publi- ably voluminous, set of this authoritative publication.
FOR SLENDER PURSES


160
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
are
departures from the text, tend to inspire in the
The New Books.
reviewer a lack of confidence in the translator's
faithfulness and skill. Moreover, the six chap-
ITALY'S GREATEST ACTRESS. *
ters of the 1888 version of the “ Ricordi
here re-divided into ten, while the six chapters
The recent death of Adelaide Ristori will give of - Studi Artistici” are re-arranged in a dif-
interest to Mr. Mantellini's new and lavishly ferent order. Some attempt, too, appears to
illustrated translation of her “Ricordi e Studi
have been made, by slight omissions and other-
Artistici,” which first appeared twenty years wise, to give the memoirs an up-to-date aspect;
ago and was immediately rendered into English, and these efforts have not always had happy
French, and other European languages. But
results. But whethef the alterations and refur-
in offering this new version the publishers and bishings are all attributable to the translator, or
the translator have not dealt quite fairly with
some of them to the actress in her later years,
the unwary public : they present the book as
we cannot say.
What makes the volume es-
something new, now first translated at the pecially welcome at this time is the appended
writer's request. How else can we interpret contribution from Mr. Ventura (remembered
the following from Mr. Mantellini's Preface ?
(We retain the peculiar punctuation of the perhaps for his Italian readings in Boston and
elsewhere, if not for his published writings) who
original.) “ Her autobiography, I offer ren-
dered into English to the American public, gifted compatriote. From his pen we will quote
was somewhat intimately acquainted with his
primarily to gratify her own desire expressed
a little anecdote showing that, from whatever
in one of her letters addressed to Mr. L. D.
source Adelaide derived her genius, it was not
Ventura of San Francisco, California, who
from her father. The story may be old, but is
has graciously volunteered to add some of his
worth repeating.
Biographical Reminiscences as an appendix to
“ The father, though a good man, was a poor actor,
this work, Madame Ristori says: My intention
and had very little intelligence. Once when leaving
is to have my Memoirs published in English. Cologne, Adelaide caught him carrying an enormous
Do
you
believe that such a book would receive quantity of quart bottles. •Papa,' she asked, “What is
a welcome in the United States ?'” What in those bottles ?' You ought to know,' he answered
with importance: “Cologne water. But where did you
Ristori actually said in her letter, which is
get it? Well,' said he candidly, “from the place
printed at the end of the volume, was: “My where other people take it, the fountain in the square.”
intention is to have the book published in En-
gland with Italian quotations and original text,
Daughter of strolling players, Adelaide Ris-
tori became herself a strolling player in the
and vice versa in Italy. . . . Do
that this book would receive a welcome in the largest sense. Though she at first shrank from
essaying a rôle in a foreign tongue, her tours in
United States if I had it published there in
English ?” This was written in 1885, when the
and extended ; and not
foreign lands were many
a few must be still alive who saw her in her
writer was planning a simultaneous publication
of her book in several languages. The Italian prime on the American stage. She seems always
quotations that appeared in the original (author- United States. But of what country or person
to have spoken and written admiringly of the
ized) English version have for the most part
been either omitted or published only in trans-
did this great-hearted woman ever indulge even
an unkind thought? The subjoined account of
lation by Mr. Mantellini.
Without the Italian original at hand for pur- New York is worth reprinting from the closing
a rather noteworthy dramatic performance in
poses of comparison, it is impossible to declare
pages of her memoirs. The time referred to is
positively whether the present version is an im-
the spring of 1885, when Ristori was visiting
provement on the anonymous rendering which
was published in London almost immediately in English, which she had but recently acquired
this country for the fourth time, and was playing
after the Turin issue of the Italian, and which
after most painstaking exertion.
seems to have had the benefit of the author's
supervision and correction ; but frequent in-
“ Encouraged by such results (referring to a memo-
rable Booth-Ristori performance of Macbeth '] the
stances of awkwardness in the later version, not management of the permanent German Dramatic Com-
few of obvious blundering, and many apparent | pany, playing at that time at the Thalia Theatre in New
York, offered me the most alluring inducements to play,
on the night of the 12th, Schiller's · Mary Stuart' in
Rendered into English by G. Mantellini. With Biographical
Appendix by L. D. Ventura. Illustrated. New York: Doubleday,
English, while the actors of that company who were to
be my support should play in German ! At first such
you believe
а
MEMOIRS AND ARTISTIC STUDIES OF ADELAIDE RISTORI.
Page & Co.


1907.]
THE DIAL
161
great im-
a proposition seemed to me a most preposterous one ! there is still room for a final, full, and critical
I knew not a single word of German. Still, I confess
account of the remarkable actress, prepared with
that the originality of the scheme was rather tempting.
I finally came to the conclusion that by giving a good
far more care than the volume under review.
deal of attention to the expression of the faces of my The frequent occurrence of such errors (small,
interlocutors and with an analogous counterscene at the to be sure, but in the aggregate vexatious) as
time when I did not have to speak, I might be able to some later years
for 6
some years later,'
get along without becoming confused. After a short
hesitation I accepted the offer of the management, and
bagnoire ” for “ baignoire,” and “proposi-
the strange event was witnessed in America of an
tion " for “ proposal," and a conspicuous disre-
Italian actress playing in English with a German sup gard of the rules of punctuation, tend to beget
port! . . . On the evening of the performance every- suspicion of carelessness in larger matters also.
thing went along with regularity, and the performance
In one respect, however, the new translation is
was very warmly applauded, and — strange illusion -
the greater part of the American audience left the
superior to the old : it is provided with an index.
theatre fully convinced that I was familiar with the It also has thirty-four portraits, of Ristori at
German language !”
different ages and in various characters, and of
Ristori knew
no one better
that art is contemporary dramatic artists and other celeb-
long. The record of her endless efforts to per-
rities.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
fect herself in her various rôles would almost
persuade the doubter that genius is nothing but
an infinite capacity for taking pains. Her con-
scientious attention to what might be considered THE PRESENT STATUS OF DARWINISM.*
trifles is illustrated in the following extract Modern biology dates from 1859, the year of
from Mr. Ventura's reminiscences :
the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species."
“While I was in Boston delivering my annual course This work, with its rigid adherence to scientific
of Italian readings to a class named the “Adelaide
Ristori,' which used to meet at the home of Mrs. Jack
method and with its unparalleled accumulation
Gardner in Beacon Street, Ristori always attended
of facts bearing on the life and interrelations of
during her engagements, and stayed to luncheon. Like species of animals and plants, settled once for
Sarah Bernhardt for French, Ristori gave
all the question as to the origin of species by
pulse to the study of Italian in the United States. In
natural derivation from preëxisting forms. The
a conversation with Adelaide Ristori I asked why she
used glasses for reading. • I like the compliment of that
old view of special creation was relegated to the
question,' she answered. My sight became feeble after history of mystical philosophy. Moreover, in
several continuous performances of “Macbeth.” In the natural selection was found the first rational
sleep-walking scene for twenty minutes I had to keep
explanation of the process by which the trans-
my eyes wide open, riveted on one point, with the glare
of the footlights before me. After the performance tears
mutation of species might be accomplished. As
would constantly flow from my poor eyes, and this
used by Darwin, the term natural selection,
brought on their present condition.'
referring primarily to the survival of the fittest
She has elsewhere written that she did not allow in the struggle for existence, yet included by
herself even to wink in this sleep-walking scene implication all other natural (that is, non-
an almost incredible exertion of will-power. mystical) influences which might be supposed to
A letter to Mr. Ventura, written when she coöperate in the same work. The Lamarckian
was busy with preparations for the publication principle of the inheritance of ontogenetic char-
of her book, contains a reference that the reader acters, the effects of isolation and segregation,
of Mr. Mantellini's translation can easily under with other coöperating influences, natural not
stand.
metaphysical, were included in the general con-
I shall not excuse my silence by saying that letters ception of natural selection. The essential fact
which I wrote you must have been lost on the Oregon --- in Darwin's mind, as he himself has clearly
it would be too vulgar. I have not written because I stated, was the establishment of the fact of
have not been able. Many times I had the desire to
write, but you cannot imagine how much the publica-
descent, his own theory as to its method being,
tion of my book occupies and preoccupies me.
to him, a matter of secondary importance.
crazy with the English translation because I wish it to The general acceptance of the theory of
express what I mean to say, and not to vent the British descent by all men competent to judge was due
ideas. I have to compare it with the French edition to the fact that the work of each of these men,
before passing it to the copyist.”
under Darwin's inspiration, furnished inde-
To the already published liveä of Adelaide
* DARWINISM TO-DAY. A Discussion of Present-day Scientific
Ristori this new edition of her memoirs, with
Criticism of the Darwinian Selection Theories, together with
its appended letters coming down nearly to the a Brief Account of the Principal Other Proposed Auxiliary
date of her death, is a useful supplement. But
and Alternative Theories of Species Forming. By Professor
Vernon L. Kellogg. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
66
I get


162
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
pendent corroboration of the views of life Dar- forming on the part of natural selection,” and
win advocated. The theory of descent once those who see in natural selection an effective
accepted, the attention of naturalists was next factor, but deny to it the "Allmacht of species
directed to the processes by which differentiation control ” being one after another fully consid-
of type was supposed to be produced.
ered. Professor Kellogg throughout the volume
The work of Weismann was epoch-making in avoids any extreme position of his own. Al-
this regard. We owe to him the more rigid though from his own work in the experimental
definition of natural selection, by which the biology of insects illustrations and opinions are
Lamarckian element, the supposed inheritance freely drawn, in general he ranges himself with
of characters not inborn, was eliminated from the majority of naturalists,
the majority of naturalists, who find very much
the definition of Darwinism. To Weismann in natural selection but do not see in it the mas-
also we owe the most successful attempt to give ter key to all the riddles of life. He seems well
a physical basis to our conceptions of heredity aware that it is easier to argue against any
and variation. By Weismann, natural selection, theory than to construct another to take its
or Darwinism in the strict sense, was brought place. It takes but few facts to form the basis
into the foreground of evolutionary discussion. of destructive criticism ; it takes very many to
Allmacht, or universal potency, was claimed build
up a satisfying explanation of
any
of the
for it on the one hand, while on the other there phenomena of life.
were many who relegated it to a secondary place In the chapters on Darwinism defended, ap-
or to no place at all in their theories of evolu- preciation is given to the fact that nearly all of
tion or of species-forming:
the objections to Darwinism were foreseen by
Another epoch-making work in the history Darwin himself and frankly answered as fully as
of evolution, which has received far less atten the condition of scientific knowledge permitted.
tion than it deserves, is that of Moritz Wagner Of the various modern defenders of Darwin-
on the factor of space isolation (sonderliche ism, the first place is naturally given to Ludwig
Räumung), as an element in the production of Plate (“ Ueber die Bedeutung der Darwinischen
distinct species. Still another epoch of inves- Selection-Prinzip") whose treatment of vexed
tigation was opened by Eimer through his questions is especially lucid and broad-minded.
theory of orthogenesis, and still others of pros The rest of the volume is given to a discus-
pectively great importance by the revival of the sion of alternative and auxiliary theories, the
investigations of Mendel and by De Vries's one a category of hypotheses intended to replace
studies in the mutations of plants.
the theory of natural selection, the other of
In his latest volume, Professor Kellogg has further hypotheses intended to give the Dar-
given a careful digest of each and all of these winian theory additional strength. Most of
many contributions to the theory of evolution these hypotheses contain a certain amount of
since Darwin's time, and of the multitude of truth, which is equivalent to saying that the
lines of investigation which these various the problem is not one resting on the operation of a
ories have suggested. In the matter of pains- single factor. Most important of these are the
taking justice the work is deserving of the highest theories of the effects of isolation or segregation,
praise. Its critical estimates are eminently wise of which Moritz Wagner was the most promi-
and fair, while the literary style of the work is nent champion, but which have received the
admirably lucid.
support of practically all serious students of
Among the shrill voices from Germany in- geographical distribution. In Wagner's view,
sisting on the one hand on the Allmacht of selec- this theory rendered unnecessary the conception
tion, and on the other that the Sterbelager of natural selection, to which fact we may per-
(deathbed) represents the present status of haps attribute the undeserved neglect his writ-
Darwinismus, it is fortunate for a layman as ings have received. Most naturalists at present
well as for the investigator to have at hand a regard the effects of isolation as coöperating
guide so steady-headed as Professor Kellogg. with those of competitive selection. These words
Taking natural selection or Darwinism as a of Ortmann express fairly the general attitude
“ rational causo-mechanical explanation of the of students of distribution and isolation : “ The
origin of new species,” Professor Kellogg gives four factors named, - variation, inheritance,
an analysis of the facts on which this explanation selection, and separation, — must work together
rests. Three chapters follow on “ Darwinism in order to form different species. It is impos-
attacked,” the views of those writers who deny sible to think that one of these should work by
in toto any effectiveness or capacity for species- itself or that one could be left aside.” It is


1907.)
163
THE DIAL
absolutely certain that no theory of the origin upholder. One's eyes become closed to the fact that all
of species which neglects the factor of isolation
the structure and performance that seem so natural and
or which ignores the facts of Wagner, Gulick,
fit in so exactly with all that we actually know of the
phenomena of life have not been seen, only imagined.”
and their colleagues, can be complete or satis-
factory.
Finally, we have an excellent discussion of
Important in the same connection are the
Eimer's theory of Orthogenesis, and of the
theories of De Vries and his followers, that
various related and uncompleted theories which
species originate not from the choice among
try to explain the fact that in paleontological
fluctuating variations (Darwinism), or from history the evolution of many groups has fol-
geographical isolation, but rather through dis-
lowed what may be termed straight lines, as
tinct leaps or saltations, called by De Vries though there were a pre-arranged or determi-
• mutations.” The modification or final adap-
nate series of variations. What these facts may
tation of species to their environment would in finally prove to mean is still uncertain, but we
either case be a matter for natural selection.
may agree with the author that Eimer, ill-
In spite of the most important study of pedi- tempered and fond of dispute as he certainly
greed plants inaugurated by De Vries, and in
was, was a man of the deepest insight and one
spite of the many new fields of investigation
who has earned an honorable place in the his-
which his theories have opened, the theory of tory of evolution. As to the reality of Ortho-
mutation as a universal method of species. genesis and numerous other absorbing problems,
forming, has but a scanty basis, -- as compared
Professor Kellogg's attitude is that so concisely
for example with the enormous array of illus- put by Professor Brooks in regard to the dis-
trations at the service of Wagner and his
putes on the existence of vital force : “ We shall
followers.
never know until we find out."
Weismann's theory of Panmixia is fully
The value of Professor Kellogg's book to the
treated by Professor Kellogg, although it is not working student of Organic Evolution cannot be
found a very satisfactory explanation of the phe overestimated. It is a book the student must
nomena of degeneration of organs. Equally have at hand at all times, and it takes the place of
unsatisfactory Professor Kellogg finds the the-
a whole library. No other writer has attempted
ory of inherited disuse of parts, and a large class
to gather together the scattered literature of
of facts certainly involved in the process of this vast subject, and none has subjected this
evolution are by a sort of common consent left literature to such uniformly trenchant and uni-
without final explanation. Typical of these is formly kindly criticism. Pledged to no theory
the inherited blindness of fishes in caves, and
of his own, an investigator of the first rank,
also the various phenomena the heredity of
and master of a clear and forceful literary style,
vestigial structures generally.
Professor Kellogg is especially well-fitted to
The present status of Lamarckism is fully do justice to the many phases of present-day
treated, — in one sense sympathetically, though
Darwinism.
DAVID STARR JORDAN.
the author recognizes that no Lamarckian
phenomena-inheritance of characters not con-
genital is yet proved in fact.
Weismann's theory of germinal selection,
THE ADVENTURES OF JOHN SMITH.*
De Vries's theory of intracellular Pangenesis, Could anything be less romantic than the
and a number of other “ atomic theories ” of name of John Smith ? And could anything be
cell structure are clearly explained. As to more romantic than the life of this particular
these the author makes the following wise sug John Smith? What romantic tale will compare
gestion :
with his “ Historie of Virginia,” or his “ True
“ Thus baldly stated these theories of ultimate Travels"? Even his.“ Sea Grammar” makes
plasm structure show unfortunately only their more entertaining reading than many a modern
fantastic face For as it is in precisely showing how
novel. It has long been matter of regret that
the postulated structure and properties are perfectly
consonant with all the known phenomena of life that
these classics of a romantic age,
these theories have their actual interest and strength, when men could still sail over an untravelled
a fantastic and improbable face shown as to this robs sea, to coasts shrouded in mystery, where all
them of all interest. . . . It is only fair to say that the
ingenuity and plausibility, the precise and exhaustive
THE SUMMER ISLES. Together with The True Travels, Adven-
development of detail of some of these theories, are
tures and Observations, and A Sea Grammar. By Captain John
really dangerous to a layman who first happens to read
a full and well stated account of them by an enthusiastic
- of an age
THE GENERALL HISTORIE OF VIRGINIA, NEW ENGLAND, AND
Smith. In two volumes. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons.
New York: The Macmillan Co.


164
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
things were possible and nothing was improb- production of maps and pamphlets, and the
able, — were accessible only to a few fortunate preparation of his more ambitious works, he
students ; and it is not the least debt we owe to wandered far and wide, throughout all the then
the enterprising Glasgow publishers of Hakluyt little-known countries west and south of the
and Purchas that they have brought these Mediterannean, and over seas to the land of
fascinating records of three hundred years ago Pocahontas. He died in 1631, at the age of
within reach of every reader. Nothing, too, fifty-two, twenty-two years of his life having
could be more praiseworthy than the manner in been spent in travel.
which the work has been done. With scholarly It would be fruitless here to enter into the
conscientiousness, the publishers have presented question of Captain Smith's veracity as an his-
an exact reprint of the original editions, merely torian and autobiographer. The furious wrath
altering the obsolete forms of certain letters to of eminent scholars has played about that sub-
conform to modern usage, and correcting obvious ject, and the wise reviewer leaves it discreetly
printers' errors. Smith's “ Generall Historie of alone. After all, one may as well admit
Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles, frankly that he is much less concerned with
with the names of the Adventurers, Planters, the value of these books as history than with
and Governors, from their first beginning Ano their interest as literature. The facts of his-
1584 to this present 1624,” was published in tory are obtainable elsewhere. There are many
London by Michael Sparkes in the latter year. histories, but only one “ Historie of Virginia ";
The “ True Travels, Adventures and Observa- | many autobiographies, but only one
6 True
tions of Captaine John Smith, in Europe, Asia, Travels of Captaine John Smith.” If John
Affrica, and America, from Anno Domimi 1593 Smith prevaricated, he prevaricated boldly. He
to 1629,” was printed by “ J. H. for Thomas
says :
Slater, and sold at the Blew Bible in Greene
“I am no Compiler by hearsay, but have beene a
Arbour, 1630.” The “ Sea Grammar, with the reall Actor. That which hath beene indured and
Plaine Exposition of Smith's Accidence for passed through with hardship and danger, is thereby
sweetened to the Actor, when he becometh the Relator.
young Sea-men enlarged," was “ Printed by
“ Printed by I have deeply hazarded my selfe in doing and suffering,
John Haviland," in 1627, in London. The
and why should I sticke to hazard my reputation in
first voluine of this reprint contains facsimiles Recording?”
of the engraved title-page of “ The Generall If he was nervous, it was not because of a
Historie," portraits of Frances, Duchess of guilty conscience, but rather because he found
Richmond and Lenox, and of Pocahontas, from the pen an unfamiliar weapon.
the same work; the curious plate illustrating Julius Cæsar can “shine as cleare in his owne
Captain Smith's Adventures in Virginia, with Commentaries as in the field." He confesses
map of Old Virginia ; and the maps of The that the hand that was able to “ wield a weapon
Summer Isles, and Virginia. The second vol-
among the Barbarous” might yet tremble in
ume has as illustrations facsimiles of the title- handling a pen“ among so many Judicious.”
The True Travels” and “A Sea Yet he found comfort
Yet he found comfort — in dedicating his His-
Grammar”; the Map of New England, with torie to the gracious Duchess of Richmond — in
portrait of Captain Smith; his Arms; and his the reflection that heretofore
Adventures among the Turks and Tartars. “ Honorable and vertuous Ladies, and comparable
Madame Marie Michon, who was responsible but amongst themselves, have offred me rescue and
for the exhaustive Indices of Hakluyt's protection in my greatest dangers. Even in forraine
Voyages” and “ Purchas His Pilgrimes,” has
parts, I have felt reliefe from that sex. The beauteous
Lady Tragabigzanda, when I was a slave to the Turkes,
also prepared an admirably complete and well did all she could to secure me. When I overcame the
arranged index to the present volumes.
Bashaw of Nalbrits in Tartaria, the charitable Lady
John Smith “ was borne in Willoughby in Callamata supplyed my necessities. In the utmost of
Lincolneshire, and a Scholler in the two Free-
many extremities, that blessed Pokahontas, the great
schooles of Alford and Louth.". The exact
Kings daughter of Virginia, oft saved my life. When I
escaped the cruelties of Pirats and most furious stormes,
date of his birth is not given, but it was appar a long time alone in a small Boat at Sea, and driven
ently about the beginning of January, 1579. ashore in France, the good Lady Madam Chanoyes,
He was not yet out of his 'teens when the lust bountifully assisted me."
of travel took possession of him, and from that One so favored might well find courage for any
time until the year 1617, when he finally settled exploit
exploit-even to the writing of a book.
down in London to busy himself with the And what delightful reading the book makes!
encouragement of American colonization by the What if John Smith did occasionally sacrifice
Not every
pages of .


1907.]
165
THE DIAL
<3
.
truth to picturesqueness : Surely we are the cals amaine for the King of Spaine, and springs his
gainers. At least he says,
louse; give him a chase piece with your broad side, and
They brought him to Meronocomo, where was
run a good berth ahead of him. . . . He payes us shot
for shot; Well, we shall require him; What are you
Powhatan their Emperor. Here more than two hun-
dred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him,
ready againe, Yea, yea. Try him once more as before,
Done, done. Edge in with him againe, begin with
as he had beene a monster; till Powhatan and his
trayne had put themselves in their greatest braveries.
your bow peeces, proceed with your broad side, & let
her fall off with the wind ... the wind veeres, the Sea
Before a fire upon a seat like a bedsted he sat covered
goes too high to boord her, and wee are shot thorow and
with a great robe, made of Rarowcum skinnes, and all
the tayles hanging by. On either hand did sit a young
thorow, and betweene wind and water. Try the pump,
beare
up the helme, Master let us breathe and refresh
wench of 16 or 18 yeares, and along on either side the
a little."
house two rowes of men. At his entrance before
the King, all the people gave a great shout. The Who would dream of finding this sort of thing
Queene of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him in a text-book ? And who would exchange
water to wash his hands, and another brought him a
Captain John Smith for a score of veracious
bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them:
historians ?
having feasted him after their best barbarous manner
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclu-
sion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan:
then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him
to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready
with their clubs, to beate out his braines, Pocahontas
EARLY COLONIAL DAYS IN AMERICA.*
the Kings dearest daughter, when no entreaty would
The so-called neglected period of American
prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne
upon his to save him from death: whereat the Emperour
history which extends from the beginning of
was contented he should live.
active colonization to the last and greatest of
They say he bore a pleasant shew,
the inter-colonial wars has received most admir-
But sure his heart was sad.'”
able treatment in the third volume of Mr. Elroy
How he got back to Jamestown, and what he M. Avery's “ History of the United States and
did there, may be read with interest, and per Its People.” Political events, including consti-
haps with profit, in the famous “ Historie of
tutional and governmental difficulties, economic
Virginia.”
progress, and social development, are all equally
One is tempted to quote from Captain Smith's well attended to. Perhaps a little more might
“ True Travels," if one only knew where to have been said of the dress and customs of the
begin and where to end. Let
anyone
people, and of their literary aspirations, few
his account of the sea-fight between the ship of though they were ; but that criticism aside, the
Saint Malo and the Argosie of Venice, and he reader has little to grumble at, for nowhere else
will follow Captain Smith to the very end of in popular form can he find so vast a fund of
his adventures. In a few vigorous words he valuable and interesting information accurately
brings the whole scene before us, - the chase, and entertainingly given.
the fight, the sinking ship; as vivid a bit of The colonial history of the Jerseys is usually
description as will be found anywhere.
regarded as prosaic in the extreme; but Mr.
Turn then to the “ Sea Grammar." Who Avery has discovered in it points of dramatic
would dream of finding entertainment in a interest, and has spared no pains to reveal them
manual of instruction to mariners ? Listen,
to us.
He has discussed the real-estate trans-
then, to his account of how to manage a fight actions that began with the first indenture and
at sea :
came to a climax in the quintipartite deed, with
“ A saile, how beares she or stands shee, to wind considerable clearness and vivacity, thus ren-
ward or lee-ward, set him by the Compasse; he stands
dering a great service to college students whose
right ahead, or on the weather-Bow, or lee-Bow, let
flie your colours if you have a consort, else not. Out
perplexity at this stage of their course in
with all your sailes, a steady man to the helme, sit close
“ American History” is often most embarrass-
to keepe her steady, give him chase or fetch him up; ing to the instructor. They can now read the dry
he holds his owne, no, we gather on him. Captaine, details in story form, and find them connected
out goes his flag and pendants, also his waste clothes
and comprehensible. Mr. Avery has reached
and top armings. . . . Master how stands the chase ?
Right on head I say; Well we shall reach him by and
the same happy result, in point of clearness, in
by; What's all ready, Yea, yea, every man to his
the case of the Carolinas ; only there he has
charge, dowse your top-saile to salute him for the Sea, entered at large into the constitutional and
hale him with a noise of trumpets; Whence is your
ship? Of Spaine; Whence is yours? Of England;
A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS PEOPLE, from
their Earliest Records to the Present Time. By Elroy McKen-
Are you a Merchant, or a man of War? We are of the
dree Avery. Volume III. Illustrated. Cleveland: The Burrows
Sea; He waves us to lee-ward with his drawne sword,
read, say,
Brothers Co.


166
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
ethnological characteristics of the people, and seems to have called, in his opinion, for a repro-
has drawn some very reasonable conclusions duction of “ a heliotype print of the original
from his long array of facts. For example, he document in the British Museum.” As in the
would account for the South Carolinian's advo- earlier volumes, slang phrases, awkward sen-
cacy of the doctrine of State Rights by a refer- tences, poor arguments, and attempts at face-
ence to the training of an earlier generation in tiousness, are not infrequent. We seriously
resistance to laws that were not to be found in question whether the dignity of the narrative is
a written code. In like manner, the emotional enhanced by such expressions as “ his precious
temperament that has so often moved the eight” and “his pious friends,” both of which
Palmetto State to hasty action is ascribed, refer to the Carolina proprietors who stood in
under the principles of heredity, to a strain of close social and political relations to Charles II.,
Huguenot blood. To all this we are willing to but who, so far as we know, made no preten-
bow assent, provided we can find an equally sions at piety, and were not hypocrites.
satisfactory explanation for equally hasty ac Most writers content themselves with tracing
tions with less provocation in other States. the history of the United States back to the
Concern for the Indians, which was so marked thirteen English colonies that extended along
in the first volume of our author's work, is the Atlantic coast; but Mr. Avery has most
continued in this, the third ; and in connection commendably taken a broader view of his coun-
therewith, we are made familiar with some very try's beginnings, and has introduced chapters
suggestive particulars respecting early projects on Florida and Louisiana. This we note with
for a union of the colonies. It is not generally genuine pleasure ; for, although these chapters
known that John Locke the philosopher, and do not contain a great deal of matter, nor any-
William Penn the philanthropist, were both thing really new, yet their introduction is
interested in the subject, the one having sub- decidedly a step in the right direction. For the
mitted "a plan for a military dictatorship,” the same reason that we welcome them, however, we
other - one for a peaceful congress.”
dislike to see a companion chapter on Canada.
In showing how most of the charters were Details concerning Canada have logically no
originally framed for mere trading companies, place, except by way of comparison or contrast,
and how the policy of the home government in “ A History of the United States and Its
became, through the necessities of a political People." Should the union between the two
and economic situation, imperialistic, as well as countries ever occur,
as newspapers of the
in gathering together material on the adminis more southern region anticipate with confidence,
trative machinery of the Old Thirteen, with and the very idea of which the people of the
variations or exceptions as exhibited in the case more northern one reject with scorn, it will
of corporate colonies pointed out, Mr. Avery has then be time enough to give the same attention
done some excellent work. The enumeration to the St. Lawrence valley as can now be given
of officials and of their respective duties is use with the highest propriety to the Mississippi.
ful. Ordinarily we think little of the surveyor-
ANNA HELOISE ABEL.
general of the customs, and of the surveyor of
the woods—the wood-reeve of an earlier system;
but here we see that the position of each was
no sinecure and had important consequences for
RECENT ENGLISH POETRY.*
the future.
Inspired by the dedication of the Rhodes Memo-
The illustrations in the book are very diverse rial at Oxford, and by the impressive words spoken
in character, and add a great deal to its value by Lord Rosebery upon that occasion, Mr. Theodore
as a reference work. They consist of title-pages Watts-Dunton has written a sequence of eight
another
of rare pamphlets, specimen pages or facsimiles superb sonnets which constitute, in a way,
of interesting documents, autographs, photo- Examination Schools.
memorial no less lasting than the tablet in the
We reproduce two of the
graphs, coats-of-arms, seals, maps, plans, coins,
and the like. So varied and so numerous are
A Sonnet-Sequence. By
Theodore Watts-Dunton. London: Henry Frowde.
they that Mr. Avery must have ransacked all
TRUMPET AND FLAG, and Other Poems of War and Peace.
the historical libraries of the seaboard States By Edward Sydney Tylee. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons:
SILVERLEAF AND OAK. By Lance Fallaw. New York: The
for them. It is a pity that he has sometimes
Macmillan Co.
thought it incumbent upon him to introduce an MATTATHIAS, and Other Poems. By Frederic Atkinson, M.A.
illustration without much apparent reason. For
New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
SHORT POEMs. By Gascoigne Mackie. Oxford: B.H.Blackwell.
instance, the vaguest allusion to Magna Charta
* THE WORK OF CECIL RHODES.
LYRICS. By Gerald Gould.
London: David'Nutt.


1907.]
167
THE DIAL
sonnets. This has for a caption “Great Souls Live the poems called “Silverleaf and Oak.” They are
Long”:
poems of enterprise and adventure beneath the
“So little done,' brave heart, 'so much to do?!
Southern Cross.
Since first the sun and stars looked down to scan
“Guard, Britons, guard as symbol
The core of Nature's phantom-pageant, Man,
The crucifix of flame,
This was the cry of workers such as you;
The shape that bids you tremble
Each strove and strove till, sudden, bright in view,
At thought of hero-shame:
The rich fruition of the striver's plan
The hue that's clear and golden
Shone far away beyond Life's narrowing span,
As heaven's own minted ore,
Shone while the world was waving him adieu.
Type of the faith
Great souls live many an eon in Man's brief years.
Thro' scar and scathe
To him who dreads no spite of Fate or Chance,
Of some who've passed before.
Yet loves this Earth, and Man, and starry spheres,
The spirit of ages olden
Life's swiftness is the pulse of Life's romance;
Has shown you sign anew;
And when the footsteps fall of Death's advance
Take for your test
He hears the feet: he quails not, but he hears."
That crowning crest,
The title given the closing sonnet of this sequence
As martyrs' seed should do.
Let the high Cross remind you
is - The Captains of the Past."
Of whence your record runs —
“ Brother of those who, ere our England threw
Your fathers' North behind you,
Her arms around the world, steered out to roam
And southward fare the sons !”
'Neath sails of Wonder, o'er the trackless foam, The feeling of Wanderlust receives fine expres-
I think I see them standing there with you
At azure gates within yon sky so blue,
sion in the poem entitled “ The Spirit of Hidden
So pure, it seems like Heaven's own sapphire dome Places,” of which these are the opening stanzas :
Standing and gazing on your wondrous home
“Over the mountain's shoulder, round the unweathered cape,
Where sleeps a hero's dust - the wild World's View.'
In lands beyond the skyline, there hides a nameless shape, -
I hear them saying, -- those Captains of the Past,-
Whether of fiend or goddess no mortal well may know;
All of Old England's hero-pedigree,
But when she speaks — with flushing cheeks, they one by
From him who drove the Spaniard from the sea
one must go.
To him who nailed his colours to the mast
* Pray God ye be not burying there the last
“ To men in far old cities, scanning the curious chart,
Of England's sons who keep her strong and free!""
Her voice would sound at midnight, like music in the heart;
Across the wrinkled parchment a glory seemed to fall,
These poems, with their generous hero-worship, and And pageants pass like shapes in glass along the pictured
their embodiment of the author's belief in England's
wall.
“unique destiny as the great inspiring moral force of “She led the sails of Lisbon beyond the Afric shore,
the world,” are fully worthy of the hand that wrote
Winning a world of wonders by seas unknown before.
She watched the sturdy captains of Holland's India fleet
“The Coming of Love” and “Christmas at the
Planting their post on that grim coast where the two oceans
Mermaid.” They are extended into a book of forty meet."
pages by means of an introduction and a few ex-
Mr. Fallaw's “ English ” poems include lyrics in
planatory notes.
imitation of Shelley on “The Eagle” and “ The
From Mr. Edward Sydney Tylee's “ Trumpet Rainbow," followed appropriately by " The Sea-
and Flag" we may make no more appropriate ex Nymph's Lament for Shelley,” a finely imaginative
tract than a couple of stanzas from another tribute composition in which the poet is made welcome to
to Cecil Rhodes.
the realms that lie in the depths of the sea.
“Elsewhere, the impartial wings of time
“ Yes, thou shalt sing — far sweeter than on earth
Sad-vestured autumn bring.
Thy lay shall rise, though then it was half divine.
Only in Oxford's happy clime
The magic that in worlds unseen hath birth
Reigns an unfading spring.
Transcends the mortal power that once was thine.”
Youth with its own immortal gifts,
High hopes and splendid dreams,
Canon Atkinson's “Mattathias, and Other Poems'
Makes glad her reverend streets, and drifts is a volume of occasional, geographical, and relig-
On her enchanted streams.
ious verse, modest in its aim, the product of a cul-
“ There, when his manhood ripened first,
tivated and reflective mind. “Mattathias,” and the
The great Adventurer,
group of pieces inspired by the Zulu compaign of
Last of our Empire-builders, nursed
1879, are poems which strongly suggest the spirited
His filial love for her.
Thither, when on his heart he knew
manner of Macaulay. A number of other pieces
Death's chilly finger laid,
seem mainly Wordsworthian in their inspiration,
As close the eternal curtains drew,
and the Lake Country provides their setting.
His dying fancies strayed.”
Derbyshire and Cornwall are other regions cele-
The principal contents of Mr. Tylee's volume are
brated by the poet. These lines descriptive of a
devoted to poems on public men, and pieces in-
sunset on the Cornish coast are exceptionally pleas-
spired by incidents of the South African War. The ing, and may be taken as an example of Canon
verse is smooth and pleasing, although its themes
Atkinson's best work:
are often grim.
“The tender hues of evening fade
South Africa and the men who made it supply
And every eastward-facing cliff
Writes, as in mighty hieroglyph,
Mr. Lance Fallaw with themes for a good half of
Along the sand its lengthening shade.


168
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
66
97
.
" The busy sounds of day have died;
“O laughing eyes and serious brow,
'Tis silence all on land and sea,
And mouth almost too sweet to kiss,
Save in the wind's soft melody
Never was such a time as now,
That freshens with the rising tide.
Such opportunity as this !
* And, on the hills fast darkening,
"Give me your hands - I'll hold them long;
Against the sun's half-drowned disk
Give me your lips -- I'll hold them fast;
Their feathery fringe of tamarisk
Oh! there 'll be time enough for song
Grows dusky as Apollyon's wing.
Between the first kiss and the last !"
“Now vanished is the last red flush
Life is well worth having to all except the souls
That lingered in the western sky;
who brood over its ills.
Both wind and wave still gentlier sigh,
And join the universal hush.
“ Better a wide and windy world, and scope
For rise and downfall of a mighty hope,
“ The day is gone; and on the night
Than many little ills ;
The myriad lamps of heaven emerge,
Better the sudden horror, the swift wrong,
And on the coast's extremest verge
Than doubts and cares that die not, and the long
The triple flash of Trevose Light."
Monotony that kills;
The empty dawns, pale stars and narrow skies
The poems on “Sacred Subjects ” which fill nearly
- Mean hopes, mean fears, mean sorrows, and mean sighs."
half of the volume are reprinted, in part, from a
collection published nearly thirty years ago.
There is a Meredithian zest in this strain that puts
The quiet charm of Mr. Gascoigne Mackie's
to shame the haunters of graveyards, and Mr.
“ Short Poems” is well illustrated by the lines
Meredith would surely applaud the stanzas on “The
Earth-Child.”
called “Home from France.”
“ Back to old England again,
“Out of the red-brown earth, out of the grey-brown streams,
To the land of fog and rain,
Came this perilous body, cage of perilous dreams;
To the ends of all waters and lands they are tossed, they are
Beautiful France, adieu.
whirled;
I shall think of the little gay pinks
For my dreams are one with my body — yea, one with the
That grow on the windy links :
world."
Of the peasant with his goad
Leading his lumbering load :
We shall hope to hear more of Mr. Gerald Gould ; if
Of the fishing boats racing home
he is a young man, it is fairly safe to say that he has
Far over the western foam ;
a future.
O land of the lily and vine
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
You are fair, but you are not mine :
Beautiful France, adieu.
When the dove flies south to Spain
Like love that turns home again,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
And through fields of yellowing maize
In the still October days
Some years ago we were called by
The new vieur
The gurgling brook runs by:
of Roman
Professor Franz Wickhoff to open our
And the troubled swallows cry
sculpture.
eyes to a new appreciation of Roman
Round the tiles of the old Basque tower
sculpture; and now one of his avowed followers, Mrs.
As they gather, hour by hour,
And the steadfast evening star
Arthur Strong, sounds a call that is even more con-
Shines down on the hills of Sare,
fident and aggressive in her book entitled “Roman
I shall wish that I too had wings;
Sculpture" (Scribner). We are still allowed to find
And remembering happy things,
Greek art more attractive than Roman ; but we must
I shall remember you !”
no longer slight the latter or feel dulness or depres-
A slender sheaf of “ Lyrics," by Mr. Gerald
sion in its presence.
“ What is now claimed for
Gould, which has lain too long unnoticed on our
Roman art is an æsthetic advance
- a power, that
desk, yields a measure of golden grain far exceeding is, of conveying to the spectator effects which the
expectation. Mr. Gould sings of “the things that
Greeks had not yet attempted or realized.” Natur-
truly are” with a depth of feeling and a beauty of
ally, all of us had recognized the achievements of
expression that clearly place him among the poets. Roman portraiture, and some had felt, with Vernon
“And sorrow and sin are not at all
Lee, its occasional attainment of Renaissance charm.
Matched with the things that truly are
We realized, too, that Roman political supremacy
As though one set against a star
had not only prolonged the life of Hellenism, but in
The flung spray of the waterfall.”
a sense had also offered new subjects to Hellenistic
Mr. Gould is a lyrist of acceptance, of the joy of art. We were equally well aware that by the time
earth, and the fulness of life. His prevailing mood of Constantine plastic art had involved the vehicle,
is portrayed in the following exquisite lyric: effective if a bit ungainly, that so long conveyed
“Give me one hour — the years are young,
Christian doctrine and legend. We were likewise
There is all life to throw away,
familiar with the all-powerful influence exerted by
And all life's songs are to be sung,
the monuments at Rome upon the spirits of the
- Sing me one song to-day, to-day.
Renaissance: the testimony of Bernini and the exam-
“Here with the green trees and blue sky
ples of Michelangelo and Raphael hardly need recall-
And winds about the woodland driven
Can we let such a moment by
ing. Upon all this, the members of the new school
As this, and hope to be forgiven ?
dwell with desirable emphasis; nor can we value too


1907.]
169
THE DIAL
can.
letters to
his mother.
highly their insistence upon historical continuity. in angello cum libello. Mr. Macdonald's eighteen
But they add thereto the doctrine that Roman sculp- short chapters touch on all sorts of themes dear to
ture, working forward from its Hellenic heritage and bibliophiles. The charm of his style is felt in such
not seldom with Hellenic hands, achieved a signifi- passages as the following: “Surely the walls within
cant technical advance. They maintain that it which one lives are never so well adorned as when
" approached and practically solved the tridimen- they are lined with books. Better than paper, or
sional problem,” thus creating the “illusionist "style; paint, or gilding, than tapestry, or hangings, though
that it developed the “continuous” style, as seen, of cloth of gold, is a fair array of volumes, comely
for instance, on Trajan's column; and that even in without, and full of life within ; clothed not too
the decadent art of the third and fourth century it meanly, nor yet too gaudily ; but, suitably to their
evolved new and important optic tendencies.” Collec rank and character, in the buckram, calfskin, vellum,
tively and in detail, the subjects offer an excellent or morocco that is fitting. No Act of Uniformity
battlefield, and the smoke will long hang thick be should have jurisdiction here, no sumptuary laws
tween the camps of the contending specialists. Mrs. determine the material, the colour, the cost of a
Strong (Eugénie Sellers ) is an enthusiastic member book's binding. Instinct — cultivated instinct - and
of the new school, and at times is so thorough-going a sense of the fitness of things, will on this sub-
in her advocacy that, remembering her sex, one in- ject teach the book-lover more than all the sages
voluntarily recalls from the classical field another
While he writes understandingly of the
striking example of a clever woman's devotion to church fathers and historians, and of the Anglican
German leadership. Inasmuch as her ability and divines, from Latimer and Jewell to Mozley and
attainments are so well known that unfavorable criti- Liddon, this ministerial book-lover can also gossip
cism cannot be regarded as unfriendly, we must about Pepys and Mrs. Piozzi and Charles Lamb, and
record the unhesitating opinion that she could have is even caught quoting, with admirable effect, from
written a much better book. Numerous infelicities Eugene Field's “ Bibliomaniac's Prayer.” In short,
may be due to the original employment of the matter this is the most brightly entertaining book about
for the lecture platform; but actual lapses from good books that has fallen into our hands for a long time.
usage can hardly be covered by the same charitable
Another old writing-table drawer has
cloak. Surely, when the subject treated lies in the A soldier's
given up its musty packet of faded
field of art we are entitled to an attractive and
finished presentation; and it is an old dictum that
letters, and the happy finder, Louisa
the wise advocate should add the allurements of style letter-writer, now offers them to the world under
Countess Günther Gröben, grand-daughter of the
to the compulsion of argument. Nevertheless, the
the title, “ Ralph Heathcote : Letters of a Young
work is so fresh, so suggestive, and so replete with
the results of the latest research, that it will be a wel-
Diplomatist and Soldier during the Time of Napo-
leon” (John Lane Co.). The writer of the letters
come addition to the student's library. The volume
is corpulent, well illustrated, and "workable"; but
appears to have been a thoroughly amiable young
there are too many misprints, even for a volume of
man, and warmly attached to his mother, to whom
four hundred pages bristling with technical terms
the correspondence is addressed. English on his
and unfamiliar names.
father's side, but born in Bonn and passing much
of his early life at Cassel, he studied at Göttingen,
An itinerant Methodist preacher is then visited England, was appointed Secretary to
Recreations of a the last person we should expect to
the British Legation at Cassel, and returned thence
find possessed of a fine library of to England, when his chief, Brook Taylor, incurred
carefully selected old authors, and imbued with the the ill-will of the all-powerful Napoleon and was
true bibliomaniacal affection for them, Yet in Mr. forced to retire. “The Brook Taylor Incident” is
Frederic W. Macdonald, as evidenced by a little made much of by the compiler of the volume. The
volume of unusual charm from his pen — “In a Nook more stirring and eventful part of Heathcote's life
with a Book” (imported by Scribner) — we do find began with his exchange of diplomacy for the army.
such a person. Son and grandson of Methodist He entered the English service as cornet in the
preachers, whose calling compelled a change of abode Royal Dragoons, but soon rose to a position on the
every
three years, but who nevertheless were book staff of Lord Cathcart; saw something of actual
lovers and book-buyers, the author speaks of himself warfare when as military secretary he accompanied
as following in their footsteps, although certain words his commander to Sweden and Denmark; and
of his permit the inference that he and his library served as staff officer in the Peninsula from 1809
of two thousand volumes are now enjoying the quiet to 1813. The last letter is dated Nov. 23, 1814.
and security of a fixed abiding place. His taking As a testimonial of filial affection, and as a record
title, “ In a Nook with a Book,” he tells us is from of the every-day life of a somewhat gifted young
the inscription, partly Latin and partly Dutch, on man in several lands and in various capacities, one
an open volume pictured as lying at the feet of hundred years ago, the correspondence has interest ;
Thomas à Kempis in the oldest extant portrait of the but its literary value is as slight as its historical im-
saint. “ In all things have I sought rest, but no portance. The fear of having his letters intercepted
where have I found it save in a nook with a book”. prevented the writer from sending any news of
bookish parson.


170
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
The ballad as
is the purpose
moment from the seat of war. Some skilful draw contributions to literature. Mr. Halsham, moreover,
ings from the young man's pencil are interspersed ; is fortified against adverse criticism : the book is but
also portraits of himself, his father and mother, and a parergon; his main business is with his onions, his
others.
Beurré pears, his pansies and long-tailed columbines.
To divide the field of literature He wisely holds that “all authors would be the bet-
" along vertical instead of horizontal ter for an independence earned among saladings and
a literary type.
lines
of a new series,
worts.” His chapters touch on persons of his neigh-
entitled “The Types of Literature” (Houghton), borhood and matters of parish interest or of wider
edited by Professor William Allan Neilson. The public concern. Looking back some years, he la-
intention is to “devote each volume to the considera ments that “the frenzy of haste and the destruction
tion of the characteristics of a single formal type, of natural beauty continue at much the old rate ; but
to describe its origins and the foreign influences that I think with even less protest raised than before:
have affected it, and to estimate the literary value we are so far poorer as a people that we cannot even
and historical importance of all the chief specimens think of affording ourselves an hour of clear leisure,
that have been produced in England and America." or a piece of unspoiled country larger than a deer-
No better beginning could have been made than park.” Toward the end of his volume he sings the
with “ The Popular Ballad ” by Professor Gummere, praises of old books, and says of his own library:
whose work on this subject has made him the legiti “Therefore
my
book-case contains as a basis, in all
mate successor of Professor Child. In this book we sorts of editions, from the safe comment of Gronovius
have a statement of much that is already known to to the jaunty graces of Gildersleeve, the Greeks and
us from Professor Gummere's other works. What Latinis, pretty complete. I read through them at a
is of especial interest here is the development of the steady plod, and when I reach the gate of horn in
relation which the ballad structure bears to the my several journeys, I presently turn about and
original choral throng. Incremental repetition, the begin again : and on the whole I get more pleasure
advancing of the story by stages marked by repeated from the dead languages spite of the drag of an
words or lines, is regarded as final proof of popular inveterate hobble in construing — than from any
origin, and survives in three forms, as an effective other sort of reading." There is much good browsing
expression of the situation, as a perfunctory mark in the unpretentious pages of this modestly learned
of style, and as ballad commonplace. " It is,” as
and pleasantly chatty writer.
Professor Gummere says, “the genius of the ballad
itself, formally expressed, springing from quite
A representative The book by Mr. Edward L. Wells
intelligible conditions of a singing, dancing, dra-
entitled "Hampton and Reconstruc-
Democracy
matic festal throng; hence the unique and ancient
tion” (The State Company, Colum-
appeal of this stretched metre at its best.” The
bia, S. C.) is, as the title indicates, mainly an account
ballads are aptly classified into six groups, the
of the nomination and election in 1876 of General
oldest ballads, ballads of kinship, the coronach and
Wade Hampton as governor of South Carolina on
ballads of the supernatural, legendary, Border and
the “ straightout” Democratic platform. Introduc-
greenwood ballads, so that a comprehensive survey
tory chapters give an account of Hampton's ancestry,
of the whole field is obtained. In the treatment of
his early life and training, an appreciation of his
character, and a sketch of his service as a Confed-
sources Professor Gummere holds that the epic
material, except where local, may generally be
erate general in the Civil War. In the last chap-
regarded as borrowed, the dramatic material or
ter the author speaks briefly of the later years of
"action" of the choral throng as original. The last
Hampton as United States Senator and as retired
chapter, on the worth of the ballads as poetry, is
citizen. The author, it would seem, is of Northern
written con amore, but with that admirable scholarly birth, was a Confederate soldier under Hampton,
and after the war lived in South Carolina. The
restraint that marks all of Professor Gummere's work.
best of the book is that relating to the latter part
In “Lonewood Corner: A Country- of the Reconstruction period and the restoration of
Some rural
man's Horizons” (Dutton), by Mr. constitutional government by President Hayes. In
r'uminations.
John Halsham, author of “Idlehurst,” these chapters the writer draws upon his own recol-
we have another of those genially meditative, frankly lections as an eye-witness and frequent participant
first-personal collection of random observations and in the affairs described. The work is interestingly
reflections that Mr. A. C. Benson has of late done written, with perhaps too much moralizing, and con-
so much to make us agreeably familiar with, and tains an abundant store of good anecdotes. The
that almost anyone with the literary instinct and account of the old age and death of Hampton is
nothing in particular (but a good deal in general) pathetic; poverty bore hard upon him, and polit-
to say can produce in a more or less acceptable form. ically he was submerged by the rising tide of
Probably it is the most natural shape to be assumed “ democracy” as it is now called. Hampton repre-
by the one book that everybody is supposed to have sents the old, Tillman stands for the new.
It is a
it in him to write; and as the aim of this kind of pity that a fuller account is not given of Hampton's
writing is not of the loftiest, so the chances of igno- antebellum life; but as it is, the book is welcome as
minious failure are fewer than in more pretentious the only life of the great South Carolinian.
of the old
in the South.


1907.]
171
THE DIAL
“ The
A leaf from Miss Clara Barton's tantalizing scrap
the life of
a wonderful
of autobiography entitled
woman.
Story of my Childhood” (Baker &
Taylor Co.), is as wonderful as its writer: it is
extremely interesting, and yet it hardly touches on
those aptitudes and activities that all the world
associates with her remarkable personality. She
tells us how morbidly sensitive and shy she was as
a child; how her brother taught her to ride bare-
back; how she learned house-painting, including the
grinding and mixing of her colors, and satinet-
weaving in one of the earliest New England satinet
mills; how she learned to play with boys, and to
throw a ball as well as any of them; and how she
took up school-teaching with fear and trembling,
and was astonished and puzzled when at the close
of the term her school was ranked first for excel-
lence of discipline. To discipline she had not given
a thought, and hardly knew what the word meant.
In describing her two years of nursing experience
at the bedside of a disabled brother, she does touch
on the main concern of her later life; but one could
read the book without a suspicion of its author's
real claim to world-renown. That this woman,
almost a nonagenarian now, who has done so much
hard work and dangerous work, was, as a girl, of
the frailest physique and the most nervous tempera-
ment, is likely to surprise most readers. As in
the case of many men and women of the noblest
achievement, what she has accomplished seems to
have been effected in spite of the body rather than
with its help
Five pocketable volumes of Thoreau are sent us by
the Messrs Crowell. Each has a frontispiece and a
special introduction. The “Excursions” is headed by
Emerson's biographical sketch, while “Walden” is in-
troduced by Professor Roberts, “ A Week on the Con-
cord and Merrimac Rivers” by Mr. N. H. Dole, and
“Cape Cod” and “ The Maine Woods” by Mrs. Annie
Russell Marble.
We learn that Mr. Frederic Harrison's “ The Creed
of a Layman,” which was published last spring, was the
first of a series of four volumes which will contain a com-
plete collection of his miscellaneous essays. The second
volume, containing Philosophical Essays and Discus-
sions, will appear in the early fall, and succeeding
volumes will deal with Social and Economic questions,
and Controversial Essays and Criticisms.
A new series of small volumes, each containing a
single short story, has been started by Messrs. Thomas
Y. Crowell & Co. The group of six volumes now issued
gives us the following: “Good-Night,” by Miss Eleanor
Gates; “ Allee Same,” by Miss Frances Aymar Mat-
thews; “ Dawn,” by Miss Katharine Holland Brown;
Schmidt," by Mr. Lloyd Osbourne; “ In the Deep of
the Snow," by Mr. Charles G. D. Roberts; and “ Ara-
minta and the Automobile,” by Mr. Charles Battell
Loomis. These booklets are prettily illustrated.
The following additions to the “World's Classics”
are announced by Mr. Henry Frowde for immediate
publication: Butler's “ Analogy,” edited by Mr. Glad-
stone; Cervantes's “Don Quixote” (Jervas's translation
in two volumes), edited by Mr. J. Fitzmaurice Kelly;
Smollett's “ Travels through France and Italy," with
introduction by Mr. T. Seccombe; Fielding's “Journal
of a Voyage to Lisbon,” with introduction and notes by
Mr. Austin Dobson; and the first volume of the copy-
right reprints of Ruskin (Ruskin House editions, by
special arrangement with Mr. George Allen), consisting
of “ Sesame and Lilies” and “The Ethics of the Dust."
Three important volumes of historical and descriptive
character contained in Messrs. McClurg & Co.'s fall
list are the following : “A Handbook of the Philip-
pines,” by Mr. Hamilton M. Wright, a manual of the
productions, resources, and commercial aspect of thə
islands; “ The Great Plains, 1527-1870,” by Mr. Ran-
dall Parrish, which may be called a topical history of
the great movements that opened and settled the vast
area between the Missouri and the Rockies; and “ The
Campaign of Santiago de Cuba,” a strategic history of
one of the most interesting lessons in modern warfare,
by Col. H. H. Sargent, U. S. A., who is a recognized
authority on the conduct of military operations.
In Portsmouth, New Hampshire, the early home of
the late Thomas Bailey Aldrich, a movement has taken
rise to establish an appropriate and permanent memo-
rial. A committee of citizens, headed by the mayor of
the city, has led in the formation of The Thomas Bailey
Aldrich Memorial Association, which proposes to acquire
by purchase the old house in Portsmouth which belonged
to Mr. Aldrich's grandfather, Thomas Darling Bailey,
the house in which Mr. Aldrich spent his boyhood, and
to preserve it in perpetuity as a memorial museum. Mrs.
Aldrich and Mr. Talbot Aldrich, the poet's surviving
son, have agreed to deposit there his priceless collection
of first editions and valuable manuscripts and auto-
graphs, together with many other literary relics of the
first interest, and have undertaken to restore the interior
of the house as nearly as possible to its old-time appear-
NOTES.
66
Two plays by Jean Rotrou, “Saint Genest” and
Venceslas," with an elaborate introduction and notes
by Professor Thomas F. Crane, form a volume for use
as a college text now published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.
The publishers of Miss Clara Barton's interesting
little volume called “The Story of My Childhood," re-
viewed in this issue of THE DIAL, announce that Miss
Barton has in preparation other volumes bearing on her
subsequent life.
Mr. E. V. Lucas's latest book, “The Gentlest Art,"
will be published in this country by the Macmillan Co.
The art alluded to in the title is that of letter writing,
and the volume is an anthology of the most entertaining
letters in the language.
The “Globe Edition ” of the English poets, probably
the best known and most widely used of all such edi-
tions, is to appear this fall in a new series to be desig-
nated as « The New Globe Poets." At the same time
the works of Byron are to be added to the ries, with
an introductory biographical sketch by the late Sir Leslie
Stephen.
« The Prairie Classics" is the title of a new series of
standard reprints which Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.
will inaugurate this fall with four volumes containing
Scott's “ Kenilworth” and “Ivanhoe” and Dickens's
“ Tale of Two Cities” and “Oliver Twist." The vol-
umes will be carefully printed at the University Press,
and each is to contain a frontispiece in color.


172
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF FALL BOOKS.
The classified list given below as the prospective output
for the coming fall and winter season contains nearly 1700
titles, representing about fifty American publishing houses.
These announcement lists, carefully prepared from the ear-
liest and most authentic sources especially for our pages,
have for many years been a special feature of THE DIAL;
and their usefulness and interest, both to the book trade and
the book public, have long been recognized. They not only
show at a glance what books are coming out in any depart-
ment of literature, but make a complete showing of the
principal publishing activities of the year. All the books
entered are new books — new editions not being included
unless having new form or matter; and while no attempt
has been made to include titles as titles merely, regardless
of their significance or interest to our readers, yet it is be-
lieved that no really important book is missing from the list.
Some of the more interesting features among these announce-
ments are commented upon in the leading editorial in this
issue of THE DIAL.
ance. It is hoped to raise by popular subscription the sum
of $10,000, which will suffice for the purchase of the
house and will provide a sufficient endowment to insure
its proper maintenance. Contributions may be sent to the
Treasurer of The Thomas Bailey Aldrich Memorial
Association, care of Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 4
Park Street, Boston.
An important publishing enterprise just announced
by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. is that of a library
of selected literature for children, to be entitled “ The
Children's Hour.” Its aim is to bring within the rea-
sonable compass of ten volumes of convenient size the
best stories for children which can be gathered together.
The work of selection has been done under the direction
of Miss Eva March Tappan, well known as a writer of
stories for children and as an author possessing excep-
tional ability for a work of this kind. Her selections
have been made with the coöperation of other experts
under the direction of the publishers. The aim has been
to construct a set of books for children in which the
parents may have a feeling of confidence that the liter-
ature here provided is that which every child really
ought to have.
Superstition, says Mr. Fletcher Bascom Dressler, is
“that form of emotional credulity prompted by an emo-
tional predisposition which had its origin in adjustments
to physical conditions long since passed away.” This
definition is taken from a monograph on “Superstition
and Education published at the University Press,
Berkeley, California. Mr. Dressler has been collecting
superstitions from his students to the number of nearly
nine hundred, mostly women, in two California Normal
schools. With each superstition furnished, the student
expressed either disbelief, partial belief, or full belief.
The results are presented statistically in classified form.
What most impresses us is the astonishing number and
variety of the superstitions recorded, many of them hav-
ing been contributed by a single student each. The show-
ings of belief and misbelief are rather melancholy, coming
as they do from young people of the average age of nine-
teen, engaged in preparation for educational work.
A publishing announcement of unusual interest is
made by Messrs. Duffield & Company, New York and
Chatto & Windus, of London. These two houses have
arranged for the publication of a series of books to be
called the “Shakespeare Library," in which will be
included various volumes indispensable to a thorough
understanding of the poet, but never before issued at
reasonable prices. The Library will be divided into
four parts. Part first will include « The Old Spelling
Shakespeare," published in forty volumes and in the
orthography of the poet's own time, the text under the
editorship of Dr. Furnivall; Part second, The Shake-
speare Classics, under the general editorship of Professor
I. Gollancz, editor of The Temple Shakespeare, will
include the various romances, histories, plays, and poems
used by Shakespeare as the originals or direct sources
of his plays; Part three, called Shakespeare's England,
will include volumes illustrative of the life, thought,
and literature of England in the time of Shakespeare.
A fourth part, to be called the Lamb Shakespeare for
Young People, will be based on Charles and Mary
Lamb's tales, in which an attempt will be made to insert
skilfully within the setting of prose those scenes and
passages from the plays with which the young reader
should early become acquainted. The work will be done
under the special supervision of Professor Gollancz, the
editor of the Library.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMISCENCES.
Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, 2 vols., illus., $6. net.
The Real Blake, a portrait biography, by Edwin J.
Ellis, illus., $3.50.-Jean Jacques Rousseau, by Jules
Lemaitre, trans. by Mme. Ch. Bigot.—The Curse of
the Romanovs, a study of the lives and reigns of
Paul I. and Alexander I. of Russia, 1754-1825, by
Angelo S. Rappoport. (McClure, Phillips & Co.)
The Spirit of Old West Point, 1858-1862, by Morris
Schaff, illus., $3 net.- Napoleon, by Theodore A.
Dodge, Vols. III and IV concluding the work, illus.,
per vol., $4. net.—Life of William Pitt Fessenden, by
Francis Fessenden, 2 vols., illus., $5. net.-John
Greenleaf Whittier, memoir and selected poems, by
Bliss Perry, with portraits, 75 cts. net; large paper
edition, $3 net.-Life and Letters of John G. Whit-
tier, by Samuel T. Pickard, new one-volume revised
edition, illus., $2.50 net.-Walt Whitman, by Bliss
Perry, revised edition, illus., $1.50 net. The Life and
Times of Stephen Higginson, by Thomas W. Higginson,
illus., $2 net.-Lives of Great English Writers, from
Chaucer to Browning, by W. S. Hinchman and F. B.
Gummere.—Memoirs of Monsieur Claude, Chief of
Police_under the Second Empire, trans. by Kath-
erine P. Wormeley, illus. (Houghton, Mifin & Co).
Memories of My Life, by Sarah Bernhardt, illus., $4.
net.With Walt Whitman in Camden, by Horace
Traubel, in 6 vols., Vols. I and II., illus., per vol.,
$3. net.-Antoinette Sterling and Other Celebrities,
by M. Sterling MacKinlay, illus., $3.50 net.-Robert
Owen, by Frank Podmore, 2 vols., illus., $6. net.-
Wilhelmina, Margravine of Baireuth, by Edith E.
Cuthell, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $6. net.-
A Twice-Crowned Queen: Anne of Brittany, by
Constance, Countess de la Warr, illus., $3. net. -
Queens of Beauty and their Romances, by W. Will-
mott Dixon, 2 vols., with portraits in photogravure,
etc., $6. net.—When Men Grew Tall, the story of
Andrew Jackson, by Alfred Henry Lewis, illus., $2.
net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Seven Ages of Washington, by Owen Wister,
illus.-My Memoirs, by Alexandre Dumas, trans. by
E. M. Waller, in 6 vols., with portraits.-My Life
in the Under World, by Jack London. --An Artist's
Reminiscences, by Walter Crane, illus., $5. net.-Will-
iam Allingham, edited by H. Allingham and D. Rad-
ford, with photogravure portraits.-Frederick Tem-
ple, an appreciation, by E. G. Sandford, with bio-
graphical introduction by William Temple, with por-
traits.-George Morland, by Sir Walter Gilbey, illus.
in color. (Macmillan Co.)
Napoleon, by Max Lenz, trans. from the German by
Frederic Whyte, illus., $4.50 net.-William Pitt, Earl
of Chatham, by Albert von Ruville, in 3 vols., with
portraits, $9. net.--A Princess of Intrigue: Madame
de Longueville and her Times, by H. Noel Williams,
in 2 vols., illus., $6.50 net.-The Memoir Series, new
vols.: Tasso and his Times, by W. Boulting, $2.75
net; A Princess of the Old World, by Eleanor C.
Price, $3.50 net; Wordsworth and his Circle, by
D. W. Rannie, $2.75 net; Petrarch and his Life Work
and Times, by H. C. Hollway-Calthrop, $2.75 net;
Madame de Sevigne, queen of letter-writers, by
Janet Aldis, $2.75 net; each illus.--American Men of
Energy series, new vols.: Henry Hudson, by Edgar
Mayhew Bacon, illus., $1.35 net.-Heroes of Nations
series, new vols.: Charles the Bold, Duke of Bur-
gundy, 1433-1477, by Ruth Putnam; William the
Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans, by F. M.
Stenton, each illus., $1.35 net.-Personal Recollec-


1907.]
173
THE DIAL
tions of the War of the Rebellion, edited by A. Noel
Blakeman, third_series, with portraits, $2.50 net.
Cicero and his Friends, a study of Roman society
in the time of Caesar, by Gaston Boissier, new
edition, $1.75 net.-Alexander Hamilton, an essay on
American union, by Frederick Scott Oliver, new and
cheaper edition, with portraits, $2.50 net. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.).
Hubert and John Van Eyck, their life and work, by
W. H. James Weale, illus. in photogravure, etc.,
$30. net.-Coke of Norfolk and his Friends, by
W. Stirling, 2 vols., Illus. in photogravure, etc., $10.
net.-Memoirs of Ann, Lady Fanshawe, reprinted
from the original manuscript. edited by H. C. Fan-
shawe, illus. in photogravure, color, etc., $5. net.-
A Sea Dog of Devon, a life of Sir John Hawkins, by
R. A. J. Walling, with frontispiece, $1.75 net.-The
True Story of My Life, an autobiography, by Alice
M. Diehl, $3.50 net.-Champions of the Fleet, cap-
tains and men-of-war in the days that helped to
make the English Empire, by Edward Fraser, illus.,
$1.50 net.-Stars of the Stage series, new vols.:
W. S. Gilbert, by Edith A. Browne; Sir Charles
Wyndham, by Florence Shore; George Bernard
Shaw, by G. K. Chesterton; each illus., $1. net.-
Living Masters of Music series, new vols.: Ignaz
Paderewski, by E. A. Baughan; Alfred Bruneau, by
Arthur Hervey; each illus., $1. net. (John Lane Co.)
Jay Cooke, Financier of the Civil War, by Ellis Paxson
Oberholtzer, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.-Bernard Shaw,
a study and appreciation, by Holbrook Jackson, with
portraits, $1.50 net.-American Crisis Biographies,
edited by Ellis P. Oberholtzer, new vols.: Jefferson
Davis, by W. E. Dodd; Alexander H. Stephens, by
Louis Pendleton; each with portrait, $1.25 net.
(George W. Jacobs & Co.)
The Last Empress of the French, by Philip W. Sar-
geant, illus. in color, etc., $3.50_net. --The Last Days
of Marie Antoinette, from the French of G. Lenotre,
by Mrs. Rudolph Stawell, illus., $3.50 net.-The Last
Days of Mary Stuart and the Journal of Bourgoyne,
her physician, by Samuel Cowan, illus., $3. net.-
The True Patrick Henry, by George Morgan, illus.,
$2. net-French Men of Letters series, new vol.:
Francois Rabelais, by Arthur Tilley, with portrait,
$1.50 net.—The Life and Public Services of George
Luther Stearns, by Frank P. Stearns, illus., $2. net.
(J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Autobiograhpy of Oliver Otis Howard, 2 vols., illus.,
$5. net.-Memoirs of Frederic Mistral, 1830-1877,
$3.50.--The Story of My Childhood, by Clara Barton,
50 cts, net. (Baker & Taylor Co.)
Memoirs and Artistic Studies of Adelaide Ristori, ren-
dered into English by G. Mantellini, with biograph-
ical reminiscences by L. D. Ventura, illus., $2.50 net.
-Memoirs of an Arabian Princess, trans. by Lionel
Strachey, illus., $2.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
William Blake, by Arthur Symons, $3 net.—Soldiers of
Fortune in Camp and Court, by Alexander I. Shand,
$3. net.—Mary Stuart, by Florence A. Maccunn, sec-
ond and cheaper edition, $2. net.-The Travels of
the King, Charles II. in Germany and Flanders, 1654-
1660, by Eva Scott, with portrait, $3.50 net.-Remi-
niscences of Scottish Life and Character, by Dean
Ramsey, 50 cts.-The Builders of Florence. Life
and Letters of Sir James Grahame, 1792-1861, by
C. S. Parker, in 2 vols.-Queen Louisa of Prussia,
by Mary M. Moffat, new edition, $3. net. (E. P.
Dutton & Co.)
Caroline, Duchesse du Berri, by H. Noel Williams, in
2 vols., illus., $5. net.--The Women Bonapartes, by
H. Noel Williams, illus., $3.75 net.-George Sand and
and her Lovers, by Francis Gribble, with photo-
gravure portraits, $3.75 net.-Marie de Medicis and
the French Court of the 17th Century, trans. from
the French of Louis Batiffol by Mary King, with
portrait, $2.net.-The Life of Louis XI., the rebel
dauphin and statesman king, from his original let-
ters and other documents, by Christopher Hare,
illus., $2.50 net.-Makers of British Art, new vol.:
George Morland, by D. H. Wilson, illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., $1.25 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, by David Homer
Bates, illus., $2. net.-A Tuscan Childhood, by Lisi
Cipriani, $1.25 net. (Century Co.)
William Thomas Arnold, journalist and historian, by
Mrs. Humphry Ward and C. E. Montague, with
portrait, $1.50 net. (Harper & Brothers.)
Queens of the Renaissance, by Beresford Ryley, illus.,
$2. net.-Beacon Biographies, new vol.: Edgar Allan
Poe, by John Albert Macy, with photogravure por-
trait, 75_cts.--A Book of Noble Women, by E. M.
Wilmot-Buxton, with portraits, $1.50 net. (Small,
Maynard & Co.)
Memorials of Thomas Davidson, edited by William
Knight, with portrait, $1.25 net. (Ginn & Co.)
Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, edited by
L. Pearsall-Smith. (Oxford University Press.)
The Countess of Huntington and her Circle, by Sarah
Tytler, illus.,, $3. net.-The Life of Bishop I. W.
Joyce, by Wilbur F. Sheridan, with portrait, $1. net.
-Men of the Kingdom series, new vols.: John Huss,
by Oscar Kuhns; John Bunyan, the Seer, by Robert
R. Doherty; Erasmus, the Scholar, by John A.
Faulkner; each $1. net.-Conflict, and Victory, by
William S. Cockrane, $1. net. (Jennings & Graham.)
Oscar Wilde, a biography authorized by Robert Ross,
who has written an introduction, $1.50 net.-Henrik
Ibsen, by A. Boguslawsky, $1. net.-Friedrich
Nietzsche, by Henry L. Mencken, $1.50 net. (John
W. Luce & Co.)
Leading Americans series, first vol.: Leading Amer-
ican Soldiers, by R. M. Johnston, with portraits,
$1.75 net.- Biographical Sketches of the Graduates
of Yale College, with annals of the college history,
by Franklin B. Dexter, Vol. IV., 1778-1792, $5 net.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
Colonial Families of the United States of America,
edited by George N. Mackenzie, illus., $15. net.—Rec-
ollections of My Life, an autobiographical sketch
supplemented by extracts from his personal records
and a review of his literary productions, together
with selected essays, by Hermann Krusi, edited by
Frances E. Alling.-Reminiscences of Richard Lath-
ers, edited by Alvan F. Sanborn, illus., $2.50 net.-
Barnes Family Year Book, 1907, by T. C. Barnes, $1.
net.--History of Thomas and Ann Billopp Farmar,
by Charles F. Billopp, $5. net.-The Cole Genealogy,
by Ernest B. Cole, illus., $5. net. (Grafton Press.)
Pioneers in Education, by Gabriel Compayre, 6 vols.,
each 90 cts. (Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.)
Thomas Gainsborough, by William D. Bolton, illus.,
$2.75 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Autobiography and Diary of_Elizabeth P. Channing,
$1. net.-True American Types series, new vol.:
David Libbey, Penobscot woodsman and river-driver,
by Fannie H. Eckstrom, 60 cts. net. (Am. Unita-
rian Association.)
Farmer George, a study of the life and character of
George III., by Lewis Melville, 2 vols., illus. in color,
etc., $7.50 net. (Brentano's.)
Emma, Lady Hamilton, by Walter Sichel, new edition,
illus., $3.50 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
HISTORY
Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony, Canada and
the American Revolution, by Justin H. Smith, 2
vols., illus., $6. net.-A History of Slavery in Cuba,
1511-1868, by Hubert H. S. Almes, $2. net.-The
Greatness and Decline of Rome, by Guglielmo Fer-
rero, trans. by Alfred E. Zimmern, 2 vols., $5.25 net.
-A History of the People of the Netherlands, by
Petrus Johannes Blok, to be complete in 5 parts,
Part IV., Frederick Henry John de Witt, William
III,. trans. by Oscar A. Bierstadt, $2.50 net.-Con-
temporary France, by Gabriel Hanotaux, trans. by
John C. Tarver, in 4 vols., Vol. III., France in 1874-
1877, with photogravure portraits, $3.75 net.—The
Romance of History series, first vol.: Elizabeth and
Philip, or the whole story of the Spanish Armada,
by Martin Hume, illus., $4. net.-Historic States of
Italy, first vol.: Milan, the House of Sforza, by
C. M. Ady, illus., $3.50 net.-A History of England,
from the Earliest Times down to the year 1815,
edited by C. W. C. Oman, Vol. VI., by C. Grant
Robertson, concluding the work, $3. net.-Story
of the Nations series, new vol.: The Roman Empire,
B. C. 29 to_A. D. 476, by H. Stuart Jones, illus.,
$1.35 net.-Factors in Modern History, and their
application to the problems around us, by A. F.
Pollard, $2.25 net.-Annals of St. Michaels, being the
History of St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Church,
New York, 1870-1907, edited by John P. Peters, illus.,
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1907.]
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178
(Sept. 16,
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181
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182
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edition, illus. in color, $2.—My Lady's Recipes, de-
signed by Clara P. Wilson, illus., $1.50.-A Book-
lover's Notes, designed by Louise Perrett and Sarah
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and my own, with decorations in color, $2.50.-
Father Goose's Year Book, by L. Frank Baum, illus.,
$1.-Masklets, designed by W. N. Rhoads, text by
Wilbur D. Nesbit, illus., 75 cts.--Poker, Smoke, and
Other Things, designed by W. M. Rhoads, text by
Percy Hammond and George C. Wharton, illus., 75
cts.-My Artist Friends, a birthday book, designed
by W. M. Rhoads, $1. (Reilly & Britton Co.)


184
[Sept. 16,
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The Wooing of Hiawatha, by. Henry W. Longfellow,
illus., 75 cts.-Cupid's Pack of Cards, and
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$1. (John W. Luce & Co.)
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The Boyhood of Italian Painters, stories of the early
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Dorothy's Rabbit Stories, by Mary E. Calhoun, illus.,
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Fire-Fighters and their Pets, by Alfred M. Downes,
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Joseph H. Adams, illus., $1.75.-Harper's Indoor
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brielle E. Jackson, illus., $1.25.-Sunnyside Tad, by
Philip V. Mighels, illus., $1.25.-Little Girl and Philip,
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Awake Second Reader, by Clara Murray, illus. in


1907.)
185
THE DIAL
color, etc., 35 cts. net.-Story Book Friends, by
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A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes, edited by S.
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cts. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
The Camp-Fire of Mad Anthony, by Everett T. Tom-
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way, by Olive Thorne Miller, illus. in color, $1.25.-
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Gray Lady and the Birds, by Mabel Osgood Wright,
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Four Afloat, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.-
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186
[Sept. 16,
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No. 511. OCTOBER 1, 1907.
Vol. XLIII. supremely excellent in form, to be used as tests
CONTENTS.
of poetry in general. No matter how deceptive
the spurious metal may be, when viewed by
A TEST OF CHARACTER
193 itself, its character is plainly revealed when it
THE SHORT STORY OF TO-DAY: A STATISTICAL
is brought into comparison with the pure gold
STUDY. Benjamin Nicholson
195
of a phrase from Dante or Milton or Shake-
CASUAL COMMENT
198 speare. Goethe's maxim would seem to extend
The Glasgow convention of librarians. The short still further the usefulness of such touchstone
detective story. -- The creator of “ Darius Green.”
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phrases. Apply them, not to poetry for the
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view of modern humor. The pipe-dreams of
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vice primer for the untutored immigrant. — Cooper
the uses of noble literature that it may thus
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GARRICK AS SEEN IN HIS LETTERS. Percy whose thought is untinged by idealism, and
F. Bicknell. .
. 201
whose mental horizon is closely circumscribed
A DRAMATIC HISTORIAN. Paul Shorey
202
by the narrow things of the household and the
THE ADMIRABLE DAMPIER. Lane Cooper
205 market-place. Particularly in a society based
EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.
upon a high average of material comfort, in
Raymond Pearl
208 which all sorts of men wear the same kinds of
Guenther's Darwinism and the Problems of Life. clothes, read the same newspapers, and do the
Lock's Recent Progress in the Study of Variation,
Heredity, and Evolution. - Headley's Life and
same things, some test of a searching nature is
Evolution. — Jordan and Kellogg's Evolution and
needed to enable us to discern those fundamental
Animal Life. — Le Dantec's The Nature and differences between man and man which must
Origin of Life in the Light of New Knowledge. –
Bastian's The Evolution of Life.
still exist, however disguised by conventional
habit and wonted course of life.
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL AND SPORT.
H. E. Coblentz
211
We were reading not long ago what seemed
Miltoun's The Automobilist Abroad. — Mrs. to be an intelligent article upon the conditions
Seton's Nimrod's Wife. — Selous's Hunting Trips of successful authorship. We followed the
in North America. — Dickinson's Big Game Shoot-
ing on the Equator. — Mrs. Clark's A Corner in
writer's argument with respect until an unfor-
India.
tunate illustration revealed his true character.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
He referred to the traditional ten pounds re-
213
The development of Shakespeare as a dramatist.
ceived by Milton for “ Paradise Lost," and
Anthologies for the student of English poetry. remarked that it was probably more than that
Volume two of the definitive life of Goethe.
- flatulent epic
Howell's letters in ideal form. — An addition to
was worth. This amazing
the literature of Æsthetics. — Life of an Eliza revelation of intellectual indigence made it clear
bethan sea-rover. --Shakespeare sensibly consid-
that the writer was not likely to have anything
ered. -- Bird-studies and bird-stories.
worth saying upon any subject related to litera-
NOTES
216
ture. The entire influence of what had gone
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
217 before was instantly destroyed. To the same
.
.


194
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
verse.
effect we may offer another example that has antics of the intellectual mountebank who seems
lingered in the memory for several years. The to be taken seriously in some quarters as a
case is that of a you man who wrote poetry, prophet of advanced thought, and even as a
and was by way of achieving a certain modest trustworthy guide for the conduct of life, and
success in his pursuit of the art. He had who has delivered himself upon the subject of
seemed to give evidence both of poetical sensi- Shakespeare to the following effect : “ There
bility and of expressive faculty. But one un are moments when one asks despairingly why
lucky day he expressed himself in newspaper our stage should ever have been cursed with this
prose) upon the subject of one of the greatest immortal' pilferer of other men's stories and
of poets, and this is what he said : “ As for his ideas, with his monstrous rhetorical fustian, his
being a great poet, I don't see it. A lot of unbearable platitudes, his pretentious reduction
stuffy old professors and semi-hysterical school of the subtlest problems of life to commonplaces
marms pretend to find a lot in Dante's stuff, against which a Polytechnic debating club would
but they are suffering from intellectual dry-rot. revolt.” It would not be easy to match this
The pitiable vulgarity of disposition evidenced example of a pygmy soul taking pride in its own
by this screed put an end to any hopes we had insignificance. It was Emerson, we believe, who
entertained concerning that particular writer of once said that it always gave him pleasure to
It set him definitely outside the pale meet men who realized the superiority of Shake-
of the Muses' Kingdom. In the light of such speare over all other writers. What he would
an illustration of meanness of soul we realize have felt could he have met Mr. Bernard Shaw
the stern significance of Goethe's maxim. It is not difficult to conjecture, and we can hardly
becomes more than a sentence in the ordinary imagine even Emerson's imperturbable serenity
meaning of the word, it becomes a sentence of as remaining quite unruffled in the presence of
judgment, fixed and unappealable.
so monstrous an exhibition of fatuous ignorance.
The foregoing examples of character tested The world's judgment upon such men as Dante
and found wanting are of inconspicuous proven and Shakspeare and Milton has been, of course,
ance, but others are not lacking which involve so definitely pronounced that no man may now
well-known names. Without drawing upon the hope to reverse it. If one cannot honestly share
countless instances in which great spirits of the it, he should take Mr. Frederic Harrison's
same age have failed to do each other justice, advice, and pray for a cleaner spirit, instead of
we may find a sufficiency of striking manifesta- indulging in clamorous dissent from the house-
tions of defective sympathy among the judg- tops. He need not assert what he does not
ments pronounced by famous men of letters believe, for that would be hypocrisy, but his
upon
their
more famous predecessors. The attitude should be one of becoming humility, of
blindness which marked Voltaire's estimate of regretful admission that the fault must be his,
Dante and Shakespeare, and Johnson's estimate and that the world is surely right. There is
of Milton, and Arnold's estimate of Shelley, hope for the one who takes this position, and
went beyond the limits of what may be condoned the light may dawn upon him when he least
as personal idiosyncrasy; they were something expects it. He may in time come to Guinevere’s
more than a legitimate difference in the stand point of view :
ards of taste; they provided a revelation of “ It was my duty to have loved the highest:
character that seriously impairs our respect for
It surely was my profit had I known;
the men who were capable, with all deliberation,
It would have been my pleasure had I seen.”
of such perverse utterances. And the warmest And if it be not altogether true that
admirers of the great Russian moralist of our “We needs must love the highest when we see it,”
own time must admit that their idol is partly it is better to aspire toward that condition of
composed of clay when they read the labored enlightenment than to entrench the soul in
argument in which he imagines he has disproved purblind self-sufficiency, and snarl at whatever
the genius of Shakespeare. One feels that so exceeds the scope of its vision.
fatal a defect in a man's make-up as that argu We have illustrated our maxim-text by
ment reveals must make his opinions upon any examples taken solely from the field of litera-
subject open to suspicion, must immeasurably ture. But Goethe meant it to be far wider in
lessen his influence as a teacher of ethics or its application, and the theme might profitably
anything else.
be enlarged upon with reference to the other
Another modern instance in illustration of arts, and to the still broader field of human life.
Goethe's maxim may be found in the critical The annals of history, no less than the achieve-


1907.]
195
THE DIAL
ments of art, provide these touchstones of the doubtful.” Of this class, however, with perhaps a
soul, and a man's character may be tested no half-dozen exceptions which describe some phase of
less clearly by observing how his mind thrills
the life in the Middle West, the atmosphere is
to significant deeds than by noting its response
Eastern. The authors of forty-two stories state
to the appeal of significant forms of expression. definitely that their characters are New Yorkers ;
Shakespeare nearly anticipated Goethe's thought thirty-three of the stories whose location is doubtful
and it seems more than probable that the people in
when he wrote that
are residents of the metropolis, while as many more
“ Spirits are not finely touched
of the “ doubtful" stories have an atmosphere that
But to fine issues,”
the reader naturally associates with New York and
for he also meant that a man's character is
its neighboring towns and villages. Next to New
best revealed by the way in which it reacts to York in point of number is New England, with
the stimulus of worthy deeds and noble thoughts, nineteen stories; while the characters in twenty of
as these are found in the artistic inheritance of the “doubtful” stories are unquestionably Yankees.
the race and in the historical record of its upward
Four stories are found in and around the coal mines
growth.
of Pennsylvania, and the Dutch of the same state
are the people in three more. South of Mason and
Dixon's Line are found nine stories, in three of which
the negro plays a part. The authors of fourteen
THE SHORT STORY OF TO-DAY.
stories describe the life of the inhabitants of the
A STATISTICAL STUDY.
mountainous region west of the Mississippi. Eight,
In the following article, I shall not attempt to two or three of them long-drawn wails of loneliness,
prove that the modern short story had its inception
come from the desert haunts of the cactus, the
in America, or that it is a distinct type of literature; tarantula, and the horned-toad. Three authors
neither shall I trace the history of the short story locate their stories in Chicago; two others in neigh-
from Boccaccio to Kipling, nor attempt to explain boring towns. Kansas contributes two stories,
its art when practised by such masters as Mérimée,
Missouri one, the mines of northern Michigan
Poe, Turgenieff, Maupassant. Instead, I shall con-
another. The Great Lakes give up a love romance.
tent myself with giving the results of a systematic The woodsmen and trappers and Indians of the wilds
study of the short stories published in the leading of Canada are depicted in nine stories. Alaska and
American magazines during the closing months of Newfoundland each contribute a tragedy. Seven
1906. In beginning my study, I read carefully all
stories come from the sea ; ten others have each a
the short stories * published last year in the Septem scene on board ships.
ber, October, November, and December numbers of Eighty-six, or a little more than a fourth of all
the following magazines :
the stories, are founded in foreign countries. If
American
25 stories Lippincott's.
25 stories
those from Canada, Alaska, Newfoundland, and the
Appleton's • 24 stories McClure's
24 stories
sea are added, it is seen at once that a third-104,
Atlantic Monthly 12 stories Metropolitan
31 stories
Century Magazine 21 stories Munsey's .
to be exact-
23 stories
- are found outside the boundaries of
Cosmopolitan 22 stories Pearson's .
27 stories our own country. Granting that a few of them were
Everybody's
14 stories
Harper's
27 stories Scribner's
written by foreign authors, the result can scarcely
18 stories
Three hundred and nineteen stories were read,
be regarded as a triumph for those critics who have
ranging in length from 800 to 15,000 words;
been trying to teach American authors to write
American stories.
twenty-six stories fall below 2500 words; twenty-
four exceed 7500 words. Of the authors, 157 are
To England belong twenty-five of the foreign
men, 76 women. As the men write 213 stories,
stories, eleven of which are in London. France gets
it is obvious that a third of the short fiction pub-
an even score; a dozen of these French contes are
lished in these magazines is the work of women.
worked out in the Latin Quarter or on the boule-
It may not be amiss, in speaking of the sex of
vards of Paris. The mainland of Spain is the scene
the writers, to mention that in sixty-three stories
of four stories ; three are laid in Spanish islands
in the Mediterranean Sea. Five come from the
women have no part, and that there are only four
purely feminine stories in the lot. While it may
Philippines. Scotland, Turkey, and Africa get
not be impossible to write a short story with no
three each. Italy and fictitious republics in Central
masculine character, which shall interest the average
America have two representatives each. Japan has
reader, it is a significant fact that such an one is not
a scene in each of two stories ; likewise the battle-
the stories under consideration.
fields of Manchuria Ireland, Holland, Eastern
among
Ninety-eight authors fail to give the location of
Asia, the cattle ranges of Australia, the mountains
their stories, which are here classified as “location
of Mexico, Porto Rico, and the Bermuda Islands,
have each a single representative in this collection ;
. I have followed the classification of "What's in the Maga-
zines.” All stories classified under "Fiction,” which are com-
while the remaining seven stories are scattered over
plete in one number of the magazine, excepting novelettes, the
real and fictitious countries.
storiettes in Munsey's, and fables, are here treated as short The fact that practically every story contains
stories.
more than one element of interest would seem, on
.
.
26 stories Reader .
.


196
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
first thought, to make any attempt at classification the sincerest love is based upon self-sacrifice, the note
futile; however, after a careful study of these 319 of self-sacrifice is seldom touched by an American
stories, I have been able to classify most of them. again the newspapers to the contrary. Duplicity
The love-story, the story of adventure, the humorous is another quality made conspicuous by its absence.
story, the sociological and the psychological study, From the foregoing, three important facts are de-
the industrial, political, and detective stories, the duced: first, when an author intends that his hero
character study, the newspaper baseball and foot- and heroine shall actually marry he either selects for-
ball stories, the study in horror, the story of married eign characters or drags Americans into some foreign
life, Christmas, Indian, and ghost stories, suggest country; second, when he has a tragic conclusion
themselves without reflection. However, these are in mind he invariably selects not only foreign char-
only a few of the more important types.
acters but also a foreign background; third, the
As the love-stories are not only most numerous
American is a selfish but not a deceitful lover.
but also most interesting as a study, producing some Humor, or an attempt at humor, is the predomi-
rather carious facts, I shall give the statistics in nating note in forty-seven of the 319 stories. In
detail. Of course, not all stories in which there is forty stories the delineation of the central figure's
a love interest, or which end in marriage, are classi characteristics seems to be the chief end in view.
fied as love-stories; only those in which the predomi- The child-story has twenty-eight representatives, six
nating interest is in winning a heart, or retaining of which are classified as humorous. In fifteen of
a heart already won, are placed under this head. these stories, girls have the leading rôles; while
There are sixty-seven stories of this type, of which eleven fall to boys. In two stories the parts are
twenty-nine have foreign backgrounds. In twenty of about equal importance. The writers of twenty-
five stories, the authors leave the impression that three stories wrestle with some type of psychological
their leading characters are soon to marry ; seven problem, making but little attempt to conceal the
teen end in marriage; in fifteen, engagements are bald-fact. Of course, other writers are more or less
announced; the wrong man proposes in one; in interested in problems, but they weave them so skil-
another, the end is a little too subtle for me to tell fully into the woof of their stories that they constitute
whether the man gets the girl or not. It is rather only one of the elements of interest. Such stories
interesting to note that ten of the seventeen mar are given diverse classifications. Twenty-one deal
riages take place in foreign countries. If nothing with one phase or another of married life, problems
else can be said in praise of the American as a and humor predominating; however, eight of them
lover, it must be admitted that, since but seven of the seem best called simply stories of married life.
forty-nine love romances worked out in the United Adventure is the predominating note in eighteen
States actually end in marriage, he is an extremely stories. There are but seven Christmas stories in
cautious fellow. While he does not hesitate to lead the fourteen magazines. The Western, the detective,
the girl to believe that he intends to marry her, and
and the industrial stories have an even half-dozen
shows no very great aversion to becoming engaged, representatives each. The political field gets five
he is certainly in no undue haste to involve himself stories. The Civil War has not been forgotten, as
in hymeneal bonds.
is attested by four authors who found their material
Eight of the love-stories end tragically. A Spanish in that great conflict. Four others made purely
señorita, a Pueblo Indian girl, and a French daughter sociological studies, and the same number wrote
of northern Canada murder their lovers. An in fantastic tales. Of the seventeen stories which have
sane Frenchman poisons his son's fiancée. After one or more scenes on board ships, but three of them
sparing the life of his rival, a Japanese lover com strike me as stories of the sea. To the police, to the
mits hari-kari on the battlefield. A French girl dies brigand, to the newspaper, and to mystery solved
of a broken heart soon after her lover has sold, for and unsolved, are devoted three stories each. While
a hundred francs, his right to her love. An English the Indian appears in six stories, there are but two
chorus-girl pines away and dies when she realizes instances in which the chief interest centres in the
that her lover's social position will prevent their mar red man and his life. The railroads, ghosts, the
riage. A jilted Spanish youth is not disappointed new woman, anarchy, and football — note the com-
when he elects, as a sure means of death, the life of bination — have two representatives each. There
a soldier; for he is destined te become one of the are two burlesques on French manners. Two stories
eighty thousand sons whom Spain sacrificed in her illustrate the irony of fate; two more are fairy
futile effort to retain her sovereignty over Cuba. stories.
Perhaps the most remarkable thing about these trag Among the animals that have parts in these
edies of love is that in only one does an American stories are found two dogs, an elephant, a pig, a
play a part, and even here he does not strike the collection of pets, and a horse as raconteur. The
blow.
automobile is used in only three stories. Only seven
It would seem from these love-stories that neither old maids with leading parts are found among the
the American man nor woman loves to the point of several hundred characters. Writers on the race
tragedy,—our daily newspapers to the contrary not- question and the labor question are silent; the golf
withstanding. There is another peculiarity about the story, the temperance story, and the story dealing
American lovers among these story-people. Although with divorce, are also types that are missing.


1907.)
197
THE DIAL
Judging from these stories, the old bachelor, as a to pose a question in the short story without attempt-
distinct species, is almost extinct.
ing to answer it. Simply because, with a few deft
In one story out of five — sixty-six, to be exact strokes, the masters of this type of story have been
one or more of the characters uses a dialect. In able to create living characters, and then have lost
eleven stories a Western dialect is spoken; in nine, little time in beginning their psychological analysis,
the Irishman's brogue amuses. In sever stories the it does not follow that anyone who elects to write a
rural New Englander speaks his Yankee vernacular; psychological story has the same ability. For one
in a half-dozen more, the Frenchman talks English not a genius to attempt to create a character with-
with a Parisian accent. The Hebrew is heard in out the use of action is to attempt an Icarian task.
five stories, the Dutch in four, and the Slav in the That the reader does not get his clearest insight
same number. Italians, Englishmen, sailors, and into a character while the writer is telling about
negroes enunciate in three stories each in their own him, but when he is seen in action, is a truth which
peculiar way. In two stories each the German and must have been recognized long before the first story
the mountaineer distort our language. The remain was written. To say that action is not only the
ing four excursions in dialect are hard to classify. medium which introduces a reader to the true nature
A note of humor brings to an end forty-three of a character in fiction or of a friend in life, but
stories. The authors of thirty-seven stories leave the that it is also the medium that introduces a reader to
impression that their leading characters are soon to himself, is merely to repeat a truism. Still, despite
marry; thirty-six stories conclude with marriage; these well-recognized facts, action, generally speak-
in twenty-four, engagements are announced. Death ing, is the psychological writer's special aversion.
brings thirty-five stories to their end; in ten of these The interest in the animal story, which ran ram-
stories one of the leading characters is murdered. pant a few years ago, proved the passing whim of
Twenty stories
nclude with the halo of success a changeful public. Notwithstanding the fact that
resting on the hero's head ; in fourteen more, rec a few of the best fiction writers in America to-day
onciliation is brought about ; in an even dozen cases, are giving their time to the child-story, it is hard to
one of the characters accepts the inevitable and the believe that it is anything more than the popular
story ends in resignation. Mystery is solved in caprice of the hour, and one naturally wonders if it
eight stories; in seven the yoke of tyranny is shaken is not destined to meet a fate similar to that of the
off, in as many more someone's eyes are opened ; a animal story. A lack of knowledge of child-life can
half-dozen contests end with unconditional surren be brought against many of the writers of the child.
der; in a like number of cases some peril is averted; story. The country girl of ten, who supposed a
in as many more, perfect contentment reigns. Five mole to be swifter than a dog, and thought that,
characters repent; the same number are victorious. when pursued, a mole would seek shelter in a corn-
In four stories, separated characters are united ; a bouse, is scarcely an exceptional child in the stories
like number end with a relapse; a friendly act con nnder consideration.
cludes three; insanity has a single victim; the As important as is masterly character delineation
remaining thirty-seven have a variety of conclusions to the interest of the psychological study, is humor
which fall outside the foregoing classification. to the child-story. But instead of humor, most
With no claim to any title other than that of a of the writers of this type of story are endowed
reader of average intelligence, I offer a few obser with a proud father's loquacity. It is possible to
vations and conclusions for what they may be worth. listen for a few minutes, with a pretence at patience,
That the psychological story is, when well done, even to the proudest parent's harangue; likewise, it
perhaps the most subtle of all stories, few will deny. is possible to read, with patience if not with pleasure,
But unless the characters are drawn so carefully, so say a 3000-word story about a child. But when an
true to life, that the end seems inevitable, for me author, with the persistent loquacity of the proud
at least, the story has no value. Still, the writers father, insists on pouring out a 10,000-word child-
of this type of story often seem' wilfully to neglect story, practically without the essential element of
character delineation. If, as is so often done by the humor, it seems time to protest. A fourth of the
writers of the psychological stories under consider child-stories exceed 6500 words - much above the
ation, the reader is given mere lay figures, it is hard average length of the stories under consideration.
to understand how the author can expect him to The number of these stories that turn on events
accept the solution. Merely to say what man will imaginatively impossible is really surprising. Grant-
do under given circumstances seems a waste of ing that many unquestionably classic stories have
time; for are the solutions not innumerable ? That this fault, and that more than one of Shakespeare's
the element of surprise, although it is the saving plays turn on incidents that the modern imagination
grace of many types of stories, has no place in the rejects, while some critics are willing to overlook
conclusion of a psychological study, appears self- this fault, it would seem that in this materialistic
evident; yet it is by no means unusual. Too often age writers less gifted than the Bard of Avon might
these writers, - through lack of ability to perform consent to base their stories on events that an average
the really difficult feat of creating a character, or reader conld accept as possible. Fully a fourth of
because, having the ability, they are unwilling to these stories could be condemned on this count.
take the time, - forget that it is perfectly legitimate If the reader puts no check on his pessimism and


198
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
looks deep into the hearts of these American story-
people, he might justly accuse them of many gráve
faults. Still, despite the fact that some of them are
averse to self-sacrifice, that when they do surren-
der it is too frequently a painful process, creating
the impression that the sacrifice does not come from
the heart and that a rebellion may be expected,
that there are few all-around lovable characters
among them, that their kindness is too often
brutal in its frankness, — that they have a deep-
seated aversion to showing their passions or to
dying merely to amuse the reader,
one would
search in vain for a really despicable character
among the American story-people found in the 319
stories read. More than this -- there is not one
among them without some admirable quality.
BENJAMIN NICHOLSON.
than curiosity, little display of the finer qualities of style.
Hence the plot, the mechanism, which is nearly every-
thing, should be all but faultless; the machinery should
not creak or break down; the gearing should be nicely
adjusted to the motive power and to the work to be
performed. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell's little adventure
into this attractive field of fiction in the September
“Century” is pervaded with a good deal of the charm
of the writer's personality. His membership on the
board of directors of the Library Company of Phila-
delphia, and his omnivorous passion for books, make
him perfectly at home in matters of library administra-
tion and the peculiarities of book-worms; while his
professional experience enables him to write convinc-
ingly of doctors and diseases — all of which enter into
“ The Mind Reader.” But in his burglary be is much
less of an adept, probably from lack of practice with
the jimmy and other tools of the trade. His whole
story, which by the way is much longer than the strictly
detective part requires — but we quarrel not with the
padding — breaks down when the two burglars are
seized with terror at the death of the man whose will
they have stolen, and whose mortal injury they have
accidentally caused in effecting their theft. The will,
however, could have no value for them except in the
event of the testator's decease; for he could at any
time before his death make a new will, thus reducing
the earlier one to the value of waste paper. ' But appar-
ently, and strangely enough, the burglars had planned
to abstract the will without injuring its maker, and
then to extort a handsome payment for the restoration.
One knows not which most to marvel at, the stupidity
of the burglars — who, it should be added, left untouched
a solid silver table service as being insignificant in value
compared with the will — or the somnolence of the
author (and of the editor) in permitting so obvious a
blunder to pass
uncorrected.
CASUAL COMMENT.
THE GLASGOW CONVENTION OF LIBRARIANS two
weeks ago was in celebration of the thirtieth anniversary
of the founding of the Library Association of Great
Britain, an organization only one year younger than the
American Library Association, the pioneer in the move-
ment of incorporating and bringing into mutually
helpful relations the widespread library interests of a
whole nation. Among the papers read and discussed at
Glasgow some of which we shall perhaps take occa-
sion later to refer to more particularly — were disser-
tations on “The Librarian and his Relation with Books,"
“ The Net Books Question,” “Library Legislation,”
“New Proposals in Regard to Public Libraries by the
National Home Reading Union," and, in matters of
minute practical detail, “ Catalogue Rules,” and “ Sound
Leather.” Other
papers there were, in sufficient abun-
dance, of local rather than general interest, such as,
“The Organization of the Glasgow. District Libraries,"
English and Scottish Royal Heraldry,” and “The
Liability of Public Libraries to be Assessed for Rates
and Taxes.” Commenting editorially on the history and
influence of the Association, Mr. A. W. Pollard, editor of
“ The Library,” well says: “ It is certainly an extraor-
dinary witness to the enthusiasm of librarians for their
work that the history of the association may be searched
for a whole generation and hardly a trace will be found
in it of the urging of any personal pecuniary claims.
Librarians are loud in demanding more money for their
libraries, but although in proportion to their work they
are probably the worst paid body of men and women
• in the United Kingdom, the questions of salaries and
pension schemes with which associations of school-
masters and schoolmistresses are not infrequently con-
cerned, have hardly ever figured on the agenda paper
at either the annual or monthly meeting of the Library
Association.” The same praise is due to our own high-
minded and devoted librarians though, as salaries go,
they fare better than their fellows of other lands.
THE CREATOR OF “ DARIUS GREEN ” is quietly and
contentedly rounding out his four-score years at Arling-
ton in these pleasant autumn days — symbolic of the
pleasant autumn of Mr. Trowbridge's busy and useful
life. The occasion brings to mind the curious story of
Darius Green of Washington, as thus related by the
Washington correspondent of a northern paper: “In
one of my trips through the Navy Department I was
introduced to the chief clerk of the Bureau of Con-
struction, whose name is Darius Green. Not the
Darius Green of flying-machine fame?' I asked upon
hearing his name. • Exactly,' he replied smiling; that
is just who I am.' He then told me his story. Some
thirty-five years ago,' he said, “I was a boy attending
a school at Medford, Mass. One day the poet Trow-
bridge called upon the principal, a personal friend, and
sketched out the plan of his celebrated story of the
flying-machine. “I have,” he said, “ everything now
except a name for my hero.
Can't you find among
your scholars one that will suit ? ” My teacher thought
over the names of his pupils and mentioned mine to
Mr. Trowbridge, who accepted it and made me famous.'
Darius Green was employed in the navy yard of Boston
[Charlestown] for a number of years. In 1889 he came
to Washington and accepted his present position in the
Bureau of Construction.” The most curious part of
the whole story is that Mr. Trowbridge denies all
knowledge of this Medford-Charlestown-Washington
Darius Green, who has certainly demonstrated that he
has a genius for construction. The poet declares he has
THE SHORT DETECTIVE STORY, interest in which just
now seems to be showing renewed freshness, owes what-
ever excellence it possesses to the ingenuity, and also
the plausibility, of its plot. There is commonly little
character-study in it, little appeal to the emotions other


1907.]
199
THE DIAL
never been inside a Medford schoolroom and has never
enjoyed the acquaintance of a Medford schoolmaster.
But the story is one of those that ought to be true, and
perhaps its inventor believes himself to be discharging a
moral obligation in upholding its truth.
to the boy's or girl's comprehension merely result in
robbing the author of his peculiar charm and causing
him thereafter to be neglected. These considerations
are suggested by the current issue of a series of juvenile
adaptations and simplifications; and though we may be
in the wrong, the question is worthy at least of a passing
thought, perhaps even of serious discussion.
MR Shaw's DRASTIC METHOD OF DEALING WITH
POVERTY, as advocated in the preface to “ John Bull's
Other Island," appears to be regarded not without favor
in his own country.
Newspaper discussion has been
gravely carried on as to the undesirability of lessening
the infant mortality of London's slums. What imme-
diately raised the question was an utterance from Dr.
W. MacDougall, the psychologist, in the 1906 issue of
“Sociological Papers" just put forth by the Sociological
Society. Speaking of the abolition of infant mortality,
Dr. MacDougall says:
“ This is likely to be completely
effected in the next two years, and we shall then have
abolished the one factor which in any important degree
at present tends to redress the balance between the rates
of reproduction of the superior and inferior classes."
Professor Flinders Petrie also, in his - Janus in Modern
Life," deprecates this humanitarian effort to rescue the
poor babies and add them to the toiling millions of men
and women. “ It would be," he declares, “ from the
lowest type of careless, thriftless, dirty and incapable
families that the increase would be obtained.” 6 Is it
worth while,” he asks,.“ to dilute our increase of
popu-
lation by ten per cent more of the most inferior kind ?
Will England be stronger for having one-thirtieth more,
and that of the worst stock, added to the population
every year ?" To this Dr. C. W. Saleeby replies that
it is untrue to speak of infant mortality as a “natural
weeding-out of the unfit"; that the victims are born
capable of rendering a good account of themselves if
only given a fair chance; and that West-End children,
if exposed to the same perils and hardships, would fare
no better. Yes, the time has passed when it was hon-
estly believed that one war in a generation was beneficial
and even necessary as a natural blood-letting to the
plethoric body of the nation.
THE DISCOVERY OF ANOTHER ENGLISH AUTHOR is to
be credited to us. Miss May Sinclair, whose remarkable
novel, “ The Helpmate,” has been holding the wonder-
ing attention of so many readers of “The Atlantic
Monthly," appears to be somewhat neglected in her own
country. Over the as we are info ned, they find her
last book 6 dull,” perhaps because it is so commendably
free from all ambitious attempt to picture the smart
set, and depends for its interest on a realistic present-
ment of middle-class types. Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer
gives us the welcome information that Miss Sinclair
(that is her real name) is so genuinely modest and
unassuming that she will never do anything to get her
picture into the papers, nor will she ever force herself
on public attention otherwise than by the excellence of
her literary work. Though she discusses marital prob-
lems with the seeming experience of a much-married
person, she is still single. Perhaps, indeed, the latter
fact partly explains the former. Her undaunted way
of handling a serious and delicate situation in “The
Helpmate” makes one suspect her of failing to realize
the full gravity of the case. Mr. Hueffer, who some-
what patronizingly commends his countrywoman's work
as “promising and encouraging," tells us that she is
little, precise, quiet, young, restrained, and observant,”
and that “after you had talked to her for an hour you
would say she was “nice, but you would know nothing
about what she thought. She would probably know a
good deal about you."
A DOLEFUL VIEW OF MODERN HUMOR is that taken
by the editor of “Blackwood's Magazine” in some vio-
lently reactionary reflections on the late-belauded Mark
Twain. The humor of to-day, the writer points out, is
based on the obviously incongruous; and it goes to un-
warrantable lengths in its flippancy and impertinence,
holding nothing sacred and respecting no traditions.
Three Englishmen — with shame be it confessed --- are
the originators of this disrespectful style of funniness;
and their names are Tom Brown, Ned Ward, and Charles
Cotton. But our honored Mark has bettered the orig-
inal, so that he is now accused of being a perfect monster
of coarseness, “ a bull in the china-shop of ideas.” And,
further, “he attempts to destroy what he could never
build up, and assumes that his experiment is merito-
rious." Of the “ Yankee at King Arthur's Court” the
same angry pen says that it is “such a masterpiece of
vulgarity as the world has never seen"; and our old
friends — or young friends, rather — Tom Sawyer and
Huck Finn are “two boys who will survive to cast
shame on all the humour of America.” Not that their
creator is without gifts; on the contrary, “it is for the
sake of a genuine talent that we deplore Mark Twain's
studied antics.” What can be said in reply, to calm the
dear old Maga's ruffled temper? Exaggeration and
occasional bad taste must be admitted in our champion
humorist. But who can read his later writings, the
published chapters of his autobiography, the utterances
of his serious anti tender moods, and hold him guilty of
all that is charged in the indictment ?
LITERARY PAP FOR INFANT MINDS is increasing
greatly in quantity. Taking pattern after — and some-
times a long way after the admirable « Tales from
Shakespeare," volume after volume has appeared of
stories from Homer and Herodotus, from Chaucer and
Froissart, from the travels of Lemuel Gulliver and the
adventures of the ingenious Knight of La Mancha, with
innumerable other juvenile editions and adaptations of
famous classics. Is there wisdom in this anticipatory
action of kind-hearted literary ladies and gentlemen of
unoriginal or uncreative bent ? It is something like
feeding the child with plums out of the pudding, or
with frosting from the cake, or like giving him a peep
at his presents before Christmas has come. There is
danger of disenchantment in this. Children have a
plenty of books written originally for them; why then
deprive them of the pleasure and exhilaration of discov-
ering all these masterpieces for themselves? Adapta-
tions and abridgments may even engender disgust for
the complete work and prevent its ever being opened.
The writer remembers, or has been told by his mother,
that as a small child he resented any attempt to tell
him the Bible stories in any but the Bible language.
And so it well may be and doubtless often is the case
that benevolent endeavors to bring an old author down


200
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
THE PIPE-DREAMS OF INVENTORS, if gathered into a • The Jewish Chronicle” (London) offers to forward to
volume, would make most amusing reading. It was the afflicted family any sums entrusted to its care.
not long ago that a prospectus was issued by a brilliant
genius who solicited the attention of would-be investors
A CIVIL SERVICE PRIMER FOR THE UNTUTORED IMMI-
to his grand scheme for drawing on the illimitable stores
GRANT is to be published this autumn by the school
of electricity waiting only to be tapped in the blue vault
board of Boston, whose alien element is large and
of heaven. Drawn earthward, this electric energy would
rapidly increasing. In simple language the foreign
do all the work of the world, while man sat at ease and
children in the city schools, and their parents and elders
twirled his thumbs. The only thing required was to
in the evening schools or at home, are to be instructed
make connection with the reservoir by means of a copper
in the rudiments of civics and put in the way of becom-
wire. To do this it was proposed to discharge a mam-
ing good and intelligent citizens of their adopted coun-
moth cannon heavenward from the top of Pike's Peak,
try. The several chapters of this novel manual are
the projectile to carry the end of the wire and to be written by volunteers, each versed in his subject, and
hurled with such force toward the zenith that it would
all imbued with a desire to help the immigrant and to
pass beyond the reach of gravitation and ren in forever
promote the public good. A prominent clergyman con-
poised in space.
But all this was to cost money at the
tributes the opening chapter, “ The Threefold Govern-
outset. Now, however, we have a scheme for develop-
ment We Live Under,” a public-spirited member of
ing energy that is to cost but a mere trifle from the very
the city council gives an account of the city laws, a
start. Signor Raffle Bova, an Italian electrician, has
leading educator writes on“ Our Schools and Libraries,”
come all the way from Carinola, Italy, to demonstrate
and an accomplished woman tells briefly - The Story of
before American experts the surpassing merits of his
Boston.” Other chapters treat of naturalization, cor-
invention “for running the largest dynamos without
rupt practices, the privileges and duties of citizenship,
steam or other energy. All that is required for this
and kindred subjects. Poems and songs of civic life
is a small battery, no larger than that attached to an
are appended, together with the constitution of our
electric door-bell, and a transforming apparatus. “ In
country, the Declaration of Independence, and a variety
building a fire,” says our plausible inventor, “one must
of other matter. This is all admirable, but of course
have a match. I have discovered the match of elec-
the more admirable thing to accomplish will be to get
tricity, and with it can start the fire that continues to
the book read, and pondered, and profited by. Like
burn. In other words, with a substance to be obtained “ New Voters' Day,” annually observed at Faneuil Hall
anywhere for a few cents, I originate the force that sets
with appropriate speeches and imparting of good advice,
the dynamo in motion and continues it in action.” There
this latest movement ought to help toward the glad
is unaccountable mention of a considerable sum of money
coming of that municipal millennium when American
required to install the new system; but this installation city officials shall be looked up to as bright and shining
expense" may be another name for the inventor's fee.
models of unselfishness and purity.
The sum and substance of it all probably is that another
COOPER AND POE AS IMMORTALS in the Hall of Fame,
dreamer, of the perpetual-motion order, has allowed his
imagination to run riot in schemes for getting something
after their too-long and too-absurd exclusion therefrom,
at Dame Nature's bargain-counter below cost.
would delight the eyes of thousands and spare many
a future visitor the amazed and indignant protest that
must arise so long as these two American men of letters
A BLIND POET'S PLAINT is uttered in appealingly and of genius remain conspicuous by their absence. The
pathetic accents in Mr. Morris Rosenfeld's denial of the
desired rectification of this astonishing blunder perpe-
report of his own death. “I am forced," writes the
trated by the Electors of the Hall of Fame seems now
bard of the Ghetto and of the proletariat, “ to declare
in the way of being effected. Mr. Stedman's vigorous
that I am still alive, although death would be far
protest in the “ North American Review” has been
preferable to my present condition. . . . I live in eternal
echoed by others, and Chancellor MacCracken bas
darkness, for I am blind. The light of day has left me,
accepted Mr. Stedman's suggestions and promised to
and only misery remains. The bourgeoisie, in their
take steps that are likely to lead to the removal of the
splendid palaces, pretended to have heard nothing of
reproach under which the Hall of Fame has been suffer-
the songs of the proletariat, and only my brethren,
ing, for no one would say that the suffering has been
whom the echo of my muse had reached, sought me in
undergone by Cooper and Poe. A speedy end of the
order to assist their blind bard.” He tells the sad
matter, in the right way, is now the one thing desired.
story of his illness and poverty, the sufferings of his
wife and children, his falling into the usurer's clutches, A NOVEL WHET TO THE NOVEL-READER'S APPETITE
and (as he believes) the malicions publication of the has been devised by a New York publisher. A veritable
report of his death in order that his few patrons might " thriller" of a story has been written to order, and in
withdraw their help. • The publishers of my poems,” the story a clue is given to the finding of a silver key
he continues, “ have had them translated into all lan that has been buried, so the advertisements say, under
guages without paying me a farthing. Now that they a certain locust tree in New York City. The finder of
have heard the news of my death they send wreaths to the key is promised one hundred dollars in gold by the
be placed on the grave of the blind singer, in order that publishers. Visitors to the great metropolis may now
they, the wealthy, may be able to say that they have expect to encounter there a greater chaos and confusion
paid the tribute of their admiration. But henceforth I of excavation than heretofore. It will probably be death
and my children will thank only those who sacrificed to the locust trees, unless the city fathers interfere;
their last crust of bread to help us.” Although there but what is that compared to the possibility of winning
is something a little strained, a little hysterical, in the a reward of one hundred dollars in gold ? All this is
letter, it reveals a condition of undoubted mental and the furthest possible remove from “art for art's sake,"
physical distress, and one that Mr. Rosenfeld's fellow but we live (or so we are constantly being told) in a
Hebrews must feel urgently called upon to relieve. utilitarian age, and art must take a back seat.
.
66


1907.]
201
THE DIAL
..
The New Books.
so fill gaps in the Private Correspondence
[edited by Boaden] as to make letters printed
therein much clearer and more significant."
GARRICK AS SEEN IN HIS LETTERS.* Probably most of the doubts that are thus
The charm of Garrick, on the stage, in society, thought to be cleared up have ceased to be
and in his letters, is attested by his contempo- | burning questions with the general reader, and
raries and by his voluminous correspondence, such extracts from the letters as space permits
published and unpublished. He appears to have
to have us to print will be chosen rather for their exhi-
been irresistible even to his enemies. Standing bition of the writer at his best than for their
in a fit of the sulks behind the scenes at Drury
elucidation of alleged obscurities.
Lane, Mrs. Clive turned away in anger at find-
“ I have this moment receiv'd a most charm-
ing herself moved against her will. 6 D
ing letter from my dear, amiable Riccoboni,"
But first
him!” she exclaimed, “ he could act a gridiron.” writes Garrick in September, 1768.
Dr. Burney said of his coat that the very flaps
a word about Madame Riccoboni and her letter.
and skirts seemed animated, while the actor
She was a French woman and a writer of novels,
Bannister declared that in “ Lear” his very
and by way of variety wished to translate some
stick acted. Shireff the miniature painter, who
of the Garrick plays for production on the Paris
was deaf and dumb, followed Garrick's per-
stage. Her letter contains certain remarks
formances with close attention, and said he
on translation which elicit her correspondent's
could understand him, for his face was a lan- praise. " My friend,” she says, “ the taste of all
guage. Johnson said of his conversation, what
nations accords on certain points : the natural,
might with some truth be said of his correspon-
truth, sentiment, interest equally the English-
dence also, “ It is gay and grotesque.
It is a
man, the Frenchman, the Russian, the Turk.
dish of all sorts, but of all good things. There
But wit, badinage, the quip, the jesting tone,
is no solid meat in it; there is a want of senti- change in name as the climate changes. That
ment in it."
which is lively, light, graceful in one language,
Some hitherto unpublished letters of Garrick,
becomes cold, heavy, insipid or gross in another;
about forty in number, have been carefully precision, accuracy, the sources of the charm, no
edited and annotated by Professor George P. longer exist. That which would rouse a burst
Baker, and handsomely printed, with many por-
of laughter in France, might cause a howl in
traits and other illustrations in heliotype, by the
London or Vienna. Everywhere humor de-
Riverside Press. A mezzotint reproduction of pends on nothing, and that nothing is local.
a cast of Garrick’s face serves as frontispiece. Usually those who make a business of trans-
A foretaste of the collection has already been lating have very little idea of these delicate
given to readers of the “ Atlantic.” Of the his- shadings : consequently I have never seen an
tory of this bundle of letters the editor's preface
endurable translation.' Garrick's reply to this
gives all desired information, and of its bio-
illustrates incidentally his fondness for flattery
graphical value he speaks briefly in closing the
and his own habit of flattering in return. He
volume. " It is certainly remarkable,” he de- writes, in part:
clares, that a collection made originally solely “ You have really given so true and ingenious Account
for purposes of extra-illustrating should contain
of national taste with regard to the Drama, that it would
make a great figure in ye very best Collection of letters
so little of unimportance, and even more re that Ever were written — Your letter, up on my Soul,
markable that so small a collection as that of has charm'd Me; & tho I am in the Mids't of bustle,
Mr. Leigh . . . should rectify certain impres & business, I cannot stay a single Moment without
sions about Garrick's relations with Lady answering it - You may depend upon my sending
Burlington ; throw light on the earlier part of
immediately every Play, or dramatic piece as they are
Acted, & before they are publish'd -- but my dear good
his friendship with John Hoadley ; reveal a
Friend, why will You talk of keeping an Account ?
friendship of his last days the closeness of Plays cost me Nothing and were they Ever so dear,
which has hitherto been unsuspected -- that You would overpay Me by the honour and pleasure I
with Miss Cadogan ; go far to justify his treat-
shall receive in your Acceptance of such trifles - no, no,
ment of Home’s Douglas ; prove that he was
my proud generous high-spirited Lady, we will keep no
Accounts but in our hearts, and if you don't ballance
really thinking seriously in 1765 of withdrawing the debt of Love and friendship you owe Me, I will use
from the stage ; and in more than one instance you, as such an ungrateful Devil ought to be Us'd - so
no more of that ---
*SOME UNPUBLISHED CORRESPONDENCE OF DAVID GARRICK.
Edited by George Pierce Baker. With illustrations. Boston: “I will not despair of seeing you at my sweet little
Houghton, Mimin & Co.
Villa of Hampton; perhaps it will raise your curiosity
.


202
[Oct. 1,
THE
DIAL
66
ye more, when I tell you, that the King of Denmark ship - It is my greatest Ambition that the Company of
came with all his Suite Yesterday to see my house & Drury-Lane should not appear unworthy of his Royal
Garden, the Owner, & his Wife; you would think me Highness's Commands but indeed I am affraid, from
vain should I tell you what he said, & I hope you will a late Rehearsal, that the Comedy of Every Man in his
think me sincere, when I tell you that I had rather see humor will disgrace Us, If I have not a little more time
You & yr friend there than all the Kings & Princes of for instruction - the Language and Characters of Ben
Europe.
Jonson (and particularly of the Comedy in question)
This well-known love of sweet doses is again
are much more difficult than those of any other Writer,
in evidence in a later letter to Miss Cadogan.
& I was three years before I durst venture to trust the
Comedians with their Characters, when it was first
“ You will be glad to know," he adds in a post- revived.”
script, that Mrs. Barbauld late Miss Aikin
The letters as a whole tend to corroborate
wrote ye following distich upon Miss More's
the evidence of Goldsmith's clever lines in
shewing her my Buckles my Wife gave her,
" Retaliation," that the great actor was “an
which I play’d in ye last Night of Acting.” | abridgment of all that was pleasant in man
Then follows the couplet :
but at the same time
Thy Buckles, O Garrick, thy Friends may now Use,
“ He cast off his friends, as a huntsman his pack,
But no Mortals hereafter shall stand in thy Shoes."
For he knew when he pleas'd he could whistle them
Some of Garrick's troubles and embarrass-
back.
ments as a theatre
manager - embarrassments Of praise a mere glutton, he swallow'd what came,
peculiar to his time and to his temperament
And the puff of a dunce, he mistook it for fame."
are revealed in a letter of the year 1759 to, In point of editorship, the extreme care taken
Lord Holderness (Robert D'Arcy, fourth Earl to reproduce, as far as possible in print, the
of Holderness, who was appointed a Secretary letter-writer's
letter-writer's peculiarities of spelling and
of State in 1751).
punctuation, his frequent use of the caret, and
“ I have taken the Liberty to send Your Lordship a his arbitrary employment of capitals, tends to
Copy of ye Guardian before publication; could I pos- preserve the indefinable eighteenth-century
sibly shew my Respect & Gratitude in things of more
importance I certainly would, but I deal in Triffles, &
atmosphere of the documents, but makes them
have Nothing Else in my Power. Prince Edward ask'd
less rapidly readable to twentieth-century eyes.
me last Night, who was the Author of ye Farce; I was In lack of an index, page-headings to show who
in great Confusion at ye Question, because I happen'd is being addressed by the writer would have
to be the Guilty person Myself, But I have so many been
very
welcome ; sometimes it is impossible
Enemies among the Writers on Account of my refusing
to determine this without some search, or to
so many of their Performances Every Year, that I am
oblig'd to conceal Myself in order to avoid the Torrent ascertain at once the probable date of a letter.
of abuse that their Malice would pour upon Me - I The great number of extant Garrick portraits
thought it proper (and I hope Your Lordship will
has made possible the publication in this volume
Excuse Me) to discover this; lest his Royal Highness
should be angry at my not answering his Question
of many interesting pictures of the man and
directly, as I ought to have done - - as Your Lordship
the actor.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
well understands my disagreeable Situation, may I hope
to have so good an Advocate as Lord [erasure and
blank]? It is of Great Consequence to me to Conceal
the Author of ye Guardian, but it is of ye Utmost to Me
not to be found Wanting in ye least Article of my Duty
A DRAMATIC HISTORIAN.*
to his Royal Highness.”
A well-invented if apocryphal anecdote relates
This and the letter immediately following it, that the German Emperor, in his schoolboy
to the same person, show the somewhat ticklish days, being asked to state the difference between
relations, as the editor points out, “ of a mana Herodotus and Thucydides, replied : “ The one
ger of one of the two patent theatres to the I could understand, the other I couldn't.” This
Court. Though neither company, in the middle is doubtless one of the most important distinc-
of the eighteenth century, was still called . His tions for the tyro. But there are others.
Majesty's Servants,' Garrick's words prove that Although but a few years
Although but a few years separate the father
he felt his own comings and goings were under of history from his great successor, we find
surveillance, and thought it was wise to ask for ourselves with the latter in another world.
a consent, at least formally necessary, before Herodotus is a charming, gossipy story-teller,
leaving the stage during the season. The who delights in omens and prodigies and oracles,
opening (to quote no more) of the second letter and strange traveller's tales and all the marvels
to Holderness is instructive.
of the “ brave new world that hath such people
“I have been so much indulg'd by your Goodness,
MYTHISTORICUS. By Francis Maodonald
that I shall venture to open my Griefs to Your Lord Cornford. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
• THUCYDIDES


1907.]
203
THE DIAL
war.
in it.” His only philosophy of history and human nature, taking as his text the speech of
criticism of life is a naïve faith that a jealous Diodotus on the insufficiency of the fear of
God loves to humble swollen fortunes, “ but punishment to combat Hope, Confidence, and
the little ones do not provoke him at all.” Passionate Desire. The exposition corres-
Thucydides, on the other hand, is a hard ponds so closely — though from the lack of
headed political positivist, the ancestor of acknowledgment it would appear undesig-
Machiavelli and Guicciardini and La Rochefou- nedly — with that which I drew from the
cauld, sensitive as a Greek and an artist to same text in a paper on the “ Implicit Ethics
the dramatic values of history, but as a thinker and Psychology of Thucydides,” that I need
far more deeply interested in his cold cynical only express my natural concurrence, without
analysis of the conduct and motives of the attempting to criticize. Here, however, the
political animal, man. There is no other his resemblance ends. The psychology which I
toric narrative at once so vivid and minute and worked out in illustration of Thucydides's polit-
so completely intellectualized, so interpenetrated ical positivism, Mr. Cornford regards as the
and fused with ethical and political reflection, starting-point of a new mythology. You need
as is Thucydides's account of the Peloponnesian only add capital letters to the elements of hu-
And the appreciative reader, however man nature in Thucydides's analysis, in order to
vleeply he may feel the pity of what Ruskin reinstate the unseen dæmonic personifications
calls “ the central tragedy of all the world, the that govern human destiny in Greek poetry and
suicide of Greece,” however sensitive he may tragedy. For this startlingly simple transfor-
be to the pathos of the Retreat from Syracuse mation, we are, however, prepared by some
which Macaulay and Gray thought the finest general considerations against attributing to a
thing in historical literature, will still realize thinker of that day a purely scientific attitude.
that it is this Thucydidean criticism of life that Thucydides may seem to ignore the possibility of
makes the History, in its author's boast, “a concrete supernatural intervention in the course
possession for all time, and not a prize composi- of human affairs, and he may have refused to
tion which is heard and forgotten.”
affirm anything for which he had not good evi-
Though we have really little means of con dence; but he had no positive conception of
trolling Thucydides's statements of fact, this what we mean by the “ reign of law” to fill the
informing philosophy, and the impression pro gap, for the sciences did not yet exist. His
duced by his austere self-restraint in speaking explanations of historical events are individu-
of friend or foe, have made his historical trust alistic and psychological, where ours are col-
worthiness almost an article of faith with lective, economic, and sociological. He traces
modern critics. But dogmas are made to be everything to the character, the motives, the
challenged, and the challenge implied in Mr. hopes, fears, and desires of individuals, where
Cornford's title, “ Thucydides Mythistori- our science recognizes large abstract economic
cus,” is maintained in his book in a fashion and social laws inevitably determining the ac-
which will be stimulating and suggestive even tions of masses. Moreover, though chance may
to those who cannot accept its conclusions. Mr. have been in theory for him what it is for us, a
Comford does not impugn the conscious good mere synonym of the incalculable, it could not
faith of the historian. He merely seeks to in his imagination be excluded from a place
show that we are under an illusion when on among the ultimate causes of things by the more
the ground of certain striking utterances we exact detail of modern knowledge. Thus, what-
attribute to him a completely consistent modern ever his philosophic conviction, his dramatic
scientific and positivist point of view. Thucy- instinct remained free to personify Chance or
dides himself thought that he had discarded Fortune as a real agent coördinate or coöpera-
the old mythology, and endeavored to explain tive with the capitalized) Personified Passions
everything by the inevitable operation of the which his psychology discovered in human na-
laws of human nature in given conditions. But ture.
the mythological imagination still dominated And as a matter of fact, Mr. Cornford finds
his mind, and it was impossible for him to cast that Thucydides's conception of historical causes
his history in any other mould than that which is unscientific, and that his narrative is uncon-
mythology and tragedy had imposed upon all sciously colored by poetic and dramatic pre-
Greek thought and art.
conceptions. He tells us, for example, that the
In support of this thesis, Mr. Cornford real cause of the Peloponnesian War was the
expounds Thucydides's general philosophy of | alarm felt by Sparta at the growing power of


204
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
the Athenian Empire, but that the causes openly instinctively unwilling, to give due prominence
avowed were the quarrels over Corcyra and to the facts that show that the commercial and
Potidæa, which he proceeds to describe. The popular party advocated this policy from the
word which he uses for the real cause (prophasis) beginning, and that, as our author believes,
might mean pretext, but probably does mean Pericles himself was forced by this party to
occasion employed as a loose synonym for cause. pass the Megarian decrees. Such an admission
The word used for the alleged causes is aitiai, would have marred the symmetry of his picture
which in philosophical Greek means causes, but of the Olympian ruler who led the people but
in early common usage rather suggests griev was never led by them. This is all very ingen-
ances, or complaints. Anthropologists tell us ious, but it is still open to less subtle minds to
that " when primitive man asks the cause of believe that the main cause of the war was, as
anything, he wants to know who is to blame." the historian affirms, Peloponnesian jealousy of
Mr. Cornford infers that Thucydides had neither the Athenian Empire. And surely Mr. Corn-
the word nor the idea cause, but could speak ford is inconsistent, both with himself and the
only of grievances or pretexts. This, I think, plain facts, when he elsewhere suggests that
is to press his accidental use of terms too hard. Thucydides actually believed that Pericles's
But Mr. Cornford's argument need not rest on inveteracy against Megara was the ate of an
this verbal consideration. He tries to show that inherited curse. For Thucydides clearly held
as a matter of fact Thucydides misapprehended that the war was well advised, and that Athens
the true causes of the
war,
which were economic. would have won but for the blunders of Pericles's
Chief among them was the desire of the com successors.
mercial population of Athens and the Peiræus More plausible is Mr. Cornford's contention
to win the trade of the West. This they could that Thucydides's apprehension of the facts of
do, in the absence of steam and the mariner's history, and still more the form of his artistic
compass, only by the Isthmian route.
But presentation of them, is determined by his
Corinth and Megara held the Isthmus. The imaginative conception of Fortune as the chief
only chance of Athens, then, was to win over actor in a drama in which the personified pas-
or subjugate Megara. Hence the decrees in- sions of human nature take the other rôles. The
tended to coerce Megara, or starve her out by real dramatic interest of the History begins, he
excluding her from all ports of the Athenian tells us in the third book, with the first im-
Empire. Aristophanes and some of the later portant success of the Athenians — the capture
historians actually represent the Megarian de of the four hundred Spartans at Pylos. It may
crees as the chief cause of the war. Thucydides be that this achievement was largely a stroke of
himself lets fall a phrase or two that implies it. luck. But Thucydides's dramatic instinct leads
But lacking the modern scientific conception him to represent it as wholly so. The war has
of the social and economic nature of historical been dragging on monotonously, and is ap-
causes, he falls back upon his personal and proaching a deadlock.
proaching a deadlock. A sudden intervention
psychological standpoint, and occupies himself of Tuche as deus ex machina exalts the Athenian
chiefly with description of the feelings and argu- temper to the height of hope, greed, pride, and
ments of Athenians, Corinthians, and Spartans, hubris, which leads inevitably to the tragic
on the eve of the war.
reversal of fortune and the abyss of Ate. So
For the same reason, according to Mr. Com the story wins an impressive unity. Mr.
ford, in his account of subsequent campaigns in Cornford, in his analysis of the tale of Pylos,
the Corinthian gulf, he fails to exhibit to us the tries to show (1) that a general impression of
real unity of purpose that determined Athenian casualness and want of design is conveyed by
activity in this direction, and gives us the im innumerable little touches; and (2) that it is in
pression of a series of disconnected and desultory fact highly improbable that either the occupa-
enterprises. Similarly, though he enables us to tion of Pylos or the capture of the Spartans was
infer, he fails to state clearly that the Sicilian as accidental as Thucydides represents them.
expedition was merely the culmination of designs However that may be, the dramatic impression
of imperial expansion in the West long cher of the decisive intervention of Tuche in a crisis
ished by the commercial party. His dramatic of human affairs is confirmed by the story of
conception is that this lust for conquest in Sicily, Cleon's boast that he could capture the entrapped
Italy, Carthage even, was a tragic infatuation Spartans in a few days, and by the actual
of the demagogue-led democracy after the death accomplishment of the vaunt “ mad as it was."
of Pericles. And he is therefore unable, or Cleon the demagogue becomes at this point a


1907.]
205
THE DIAL
symbol of the spirit of insolence and greed that that unbiased observers of nature, even unbiased
was to ruin Athens. As his own unexpected
As his own unexpected amateur observers, have been more numerous,
good luck made him fancy himself a real general, first and last, than the Opium-Eater imagines,
filled him with inordinate hopes, and lured him we may nevertheless give heed to his implied
to his doom in the Thracian campaign, so the praise of the undazed and uncheated filibuster
Athenian imperial democracy which he pre whose works are the theme of this review. Since
figures, intoxicated by unexpected and unde the days of the clear-seeing Greeks, relatively
served triumph over Sparta, and fulfilled with few among men could as honestly as Dampier
the fatal Love of the Impossible, was conducted advance the Wordsworthian claim, “I have at
by Peitho, the persuasions of evil demagogues, all times endeavored to look steadily at my
to the Hubris of Melos and the Ate of Syra- subject,” or, “ I have written with my eye fixed
cuse. This is the part which, for all his posi- upon the object.”
tivism, Thucydides assigns to Tuche in the And who was the admirable Dampier?
destiny of men and cities. This is the psycho- William Dampier, pirate, captain in the Royal
logical mythology with which he replaces the Navy, amateur naturalist and geographer, was
mythology of the poets. This is the mould of born in Somersetshire, England, in 1652. After
Æschylean tragedy into which he casts the a brief schooling in the rudiments, he was
drama of history.
apprenticed to a master-mariner of Weymouth,
Mr. Cornford's elaboration of this analogy, became a foremast-hand under Bantam, saw
and his minute and subtle comparisons with the service on the flag-ship of Sir Edward Spragge
Agamemnon, will especially interest that con in the second Dutch war, and at length, in 1679,
siderable body of students who, in the decay of joined a company of buccaneers in the West
allegory as an accepted literary form, satisfy Indies. Crossing the Isthmus of Panama, they
the natural human instinct for this play of ravaged the Spanish settlements on the Pacific
fancy by coquetting with the allegorical inter coasts of Central and South America. With
pretation of the literature of the past. This various leaders, such as Sharp, Sawkins, Davis,
would be a harmless amusement if it did not and Swan, he followed the career of freebooter
inevitably betray its devotees into the making until 1688; in that year, having accomplished
of false points and the strained interpretation an arduous passage across the southern Pacific
of their texts. That Thucydides's sense of the to the island of Guam, he was left on shore at
moral significance and the dramatic contrasts the Nicobar Islands. Recovering from a long
of history was quickened by reminiscences of illness, he made one or two trading expeditions
Æschylean tragedy, is probable enough. But in the East Indies, then obtained the post of
sober criticism will know how to make a light master-gunner at Bencoulen in Sumatra, and
and tactful use of such suggestions without con finally succeeded in reaching England again in
verting them into a rigid and systematic method 1691. Of his movements during the next six
of exegesis.
PAUL SHOREY. years almost nothing is known. In 1697, how-
ever, he published his first volume, “ A New
Voyage Round the World,” which brought him
into general notice, and paved the way for his
THE ADMIRABLE DAMPIER.*
later works. These are included in the present
• If," remarks De Quincey, “we except
“ we except reprint. Through the influence now acquired,
Dampier, the admirable buccaneer, the gentle Dampier was sent in 1698 to explore the coasts
filibustier, and some few professional naturalists, of Australia, New Guinea, etc., an undertaking
Wordsworth alone, he first and he last, looked which added little to his fame ; for on the way
at natural objects with the eye that neither will home his ship “foundered through perfect age
be dazzled from without nor cheated by pre at the Island of Ascension," and, when rescued,
conceptions from within.” De Quincey, as he returned in 1702, only to be fined by court-
Arnold would say, “ had his own heightened martial for alleged severity to his lieutenant.
and telling way of putting things, and we must Subsequently he was accused of incompetence
always make allowance for it.” Yet allowing
Yet allowing as commander of a privateer in the South Seas;
* DAMPIER's VOYAGES. Consisting of a New Voyage Round
whereupon he made answer in his ill-tempered
the World, a Supplement to the Voyage Round the World, Two and not wholly reassuring “ Vindication. In
Voyages to Campeachy, a Discourse of Winds, a Voyage to New
Holland, and a Vindication, in answer to the Chimerical Rela 1708, on his fourth circumnavigation of the
tion of William Funnell. By Captain William Dampier. Edited globe, he was pilot to Captain Woodes-Rogers,
by John Masefield. In two volumes. Mustrated. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co.
who liberated Alexander Selkirk (Cowper's


206
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Selkirk) from the Isle of John Fernando," Greek way of seeing things as they were.
66 All
and who from various sources, during a cruise men,” observes Aristotle, though he must have
of three years and a half, “ conveyed” booty to been thinking chiefly of his own race, “all men
the amount of nearly a million dollars. On this by nature desire to know.” Dampier was one
cruise one of Dampier's companions was the of those in whom the desire had become a
superstitious Hatley, the man who, on a previous passion.
voyage with Shelvocke, had shot the albatross Of Dampier's career and character as a whole,
which was later to be immortalized by Coleridge Admiral Smyth gives the following summary,
and Wordsworth in “ The Rime of the Ancient which could scarcely be bettered :
Mariner.” Dampier died in London in 1715.
“On a strict, and we hope impartial, investigation, it
So much for his life externally.
appears that his mind was acute, sagacious, and compre-
But what was the gentle filibuster himself ? hensive; and none of the misadventures that we have
Let us look at his picture as reproduced in Mr.
related can be traced to his want of ability or conduct.
Masefield's first volume ; or, rather, let us listen
Though cast by fortune upon a course of life which he
to Admiral Smyth's description of the original
never attempted to justify or palliate, and amidst the
vicissitudes and temptations to which it exposed him, he
by Murray in “The National Portrait Gallery”: never imbibed the virus of such vicious companionship.
“ The face is resolute and grave, sailor-like and
Embarking with those marauders rather from a desire
weather-beaten, with considerable breadth above the of acquiring knowledge, than the usual motives which
eyes, and the forehead shadowed by a profusion of dark influenced his shipmates, the constant and powerful
auburn hair, which reaches to the shoulders. The body operation of this desire preserved his mind untainted.
is well-built but spare. . . . He is habited in a light-
Hence, even among the lawless, his attitude was vigor-
blue coat with vellum button-holes, and wears a white
ous and commanding; and whenever his companions
neck - cloth of sufficient volume to startle a Beau were in extreme danger, his skill and experience, which
Brummel. . . The attitude is easy ; and in his right
were always available, secured him their respect and
hand is [a copy of] • Dampier's Voyages,' conveniently
obedience. If we except the capital error of falling into
turned toward the reader.”
that course, full approbation must be rendered to his
This sketch tallies fairly well with a glimpse of justice, moderation, liberality, temperance, piety, and
the long and lank and brown man given by
himself :
And now for Dampier's writings. In Mr.
“ It was well for Captain Swan [says Dampier of
Masefield's reprint the type is clear and the
their arrival at the island of Guam) that we got sight editing generally excellent.
editing generally excellent. The introductory
of it before our provision was spent, of which we had memoir might indeed have been fuller, for
but enough for three days more; for, as I was after Admiral Smyth's standard biographical sketch
wards informed, the men had contrived, first to kill
in the United Service Journal ” is now seventy
Captain Swan and eat him when the victuals were gone,
and after him all of us who were accessory in promoting
years old, and no longer easy to find. From
the undertaking of this voyage. This made Captain
Mr. Masefield's index we miss several entries,
Swan say to me • Ah! Dampier, you would have among them the name of Selkirk. For the rest,
made them but a poor meal;' for I was as lean as the let Dampier be his own chief spokesman.
Captain was lusty and fleshy.”
It is pathetic, urges Mr. Masefield,
“ As for the Actions of the Company among whom I
made the greatest part of this [the • New'] Voyage, a
“ To think of him [a man,' as Coleridge says, “of Thread of which I have carried on thro' it, 't is not to
exquisite refinement of mind '], writing up his journal, divert the Reader with them that I mention them, much
describing a bunch of flowers, or a rare fish, in the
less that I take any pleasure in relating them: but for
intervals between looting a wine-ship and sacking a vil methods sake. ... As to my Stile, it cannot be expected,
lage. . . . His best book was written aboard a buccaneer
that a Seaman should affect Politeness. My chief
cruiser, amid the drunkenness and noise of his ship Care hath been to be as particular as was consistent
mates. He must have gone without sleep many times
with my intended brevity, in setting down such Observ-
(a sailor will appreciate the sacrifice) in order to take
ables as I met with.”
a survey,' or drawing of the coast. When he went ashore
he did not follow his mates into the rumshops. ... ["I
Here is one of his · Observables," taken
did ever abhor drunkenness,' he declares.] He examined
almost at random :
the natives and the country, and jotted down every “ The Sea-Lion is a large Creature about 12 or 14
detail of every bird, beast, tree, and fruit, which he
foot long The biggest part of his Body is as big as a
chanced to see.
The
supreme faithfulness of
Bull: It is shaped like a Seal, but six times as big. The
Dampier's chronicling can only be gauged by those who
Head is like a Lion's Head; it hath a broad Face with
take the trouble to compare the work of even the very many long Hairs growing about its Lips like a Cat. It
best of the chroniclers who have succeeded him.”
has a great Goggle Eye, the Teeth 3 inches long, about
In an age when Dryden and Pope had taught the bigness of a Man's Thumb: In Captain Sharp's
England to gaze at nature through a distorting
time, some of our Men made Dice with them. They
have no Hair on their Bodies like the Seal; they are of
atmosphere of pseudo-Latin rhetoric, Dampier
a dun colour, and are all extraordinary fat; one of them
is almost unique, even among travellers, for his being cut up and boiled, will yield a Hogshead of Oil,


1907.)
207
THE DIAL
66
verse.
which is very sweet and wholesome to fry Meat withal. no doubt, to determine what effect a highly
The lean Flesh is black, and of a coarse Grain; yet popular yet essentially scientific record, such as
indifferent good food."
In his touches of narrative, Dampier is equally Dampier's, may have had upon the imaginative
prose of the early eighteenth century; for the
neat.
“ March the 22d, 1684, we came in sight of [Juan
so-called "return to nature,” which finds its
Fernandez), and the next day .. went ashore to see
fullest expression in the poetry at the beginning
for a Moskito Indian, whom we left here when we were of the nineteenth, begins to show itself in non-
chased hence by 3 Spanish Ships in the year 1681; metrical tales like “Gulliver," “ Crusoe," and
Capt. Watlin being then our Commander.
Rasselas” - all founded on the literature of
“He was in the Woods, hunting for Goats, when
travel – far earlier than in eighteenth century
Capt. Watlin drew off his Men, and the Ship was under
sail before he came back to shore. He had with him
his Gun and a Knife, with a small Horn of Powder, and Were there space, we ought to notice, too,
a few Shot; which being spent, he contrived a way by the literary relations of the age of Cowper,
notching his Knife, to saw the Barrel of his Gun into Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth, with the
small Pieces, wherewith he made Harpoons, Lances,
Hooks and a long knife; heating the pieces first in the
class of writings to which Dampier's belong ;
fire, which he struck with his Gun-flint.
for example, the use to which Wordsworth, in
“ With such instruments as he made in that manner, a later version of “ The Blind Highland Boy,”
he got such Provision as the Island afforded; either
put the anecdote told by Dampier about the
Goats or Fish. He told us that at first he was forced
to eat Seal, which is very ordinary Meat, before he had
little son of Captain Rocky, who went aboard
made Hooks: but afterwards he never killed any Seals
his father's ship in an immense tortoise-shell.
but to make Lines, cutting their Skins into Thongs. He But we must close rather with a glance at our
had a little House or Hut half a Mile from the Sea,
own day.
which was lin’d with Goats Skin; his Couch or Barbecu
What has lately occasioned the reissue of so
of Sticks lying along about 2 foot distant from the
Ground, was spread with the same, and was all his
many half-forgotten books of travel and explo-
Bedding He came then to the Sea side to con ration ? In part, of course, the activity displayed
gratulate our safe Arrival. And when we landed, a in reviving such works is artificial, stimulated
Moskito Indian, named Robin, first leap'd ashore, and by enterprising publishers, and answering to the
running to his Brother Moskito Man, threw himself
factitious needs of emulous libraries. In part,
flat on his face at his feet, who helping him up, and
embracing him, fell flat with his face on the Ground at
also, the interest is scholarly: volumes like these
Robin's feet, and was by him taken up also. .. . He of Mr. Masefield, or the Hakluyt Society's
was named Will, as the other was Robin. These were reprint of “ Purchas his Pilgrims," or Dr.
names given them by the English; for ... they take
Thwaites's series of "Early Western Travels,"
it as a great favour to be named by any of us; and will
meet the demands of the historian and the
complain for want of it, if we do not appoint then some
name when they are with us; saying of themselves they geographer for accessible works of reference,
are poor Men, and have no Name."
where, to the isolated investigator, the original
That is the sort of living material from which editions
may be wholly out of reach. But the
imaginative tales of adventure spring. Out of rapidity with which obsolete itineraries have
such germs have developed types all the way been republished within the last decade or s
from Man Friday in "Robinson Crusoe" to Ben seems to argue something more noteworthy than
Gun in " Treasure Island.” Mr. Masefield and a mere inflation of the book market, something
his publishers have done well to bring the more important, even, than the satisfaction of
material in Dampier before the public again, if scholars. It seems to argue a wider popular
only for its interest in the history of literature. interest in at least one side of past human ex-
There can be little doubt that this naïve and 1 perience, at a time when experience, if it is to
veracious “ Journal of every Days Observa- gain a hearing, must not in general be very old.
tions” had an extended influence on some of The popularization of Dampier in his own age
the literature that followed it. Swift, though preceded “Robinson Crusoe
“ Robinson Crusoe ” and “Gulliver.”
he makes Captain Lemuel Gulliver sneer at The resurrection of Dampier and innumerable
“my cousin Dampier,” must underneath his other travellers, that took place a century or
satire have really felt an admiration for the
more ago, was a potent influence in the revival
simplicity and directness of the buccaneer's of honest observation and true poetry under
English. As for Defoe, it would be fascinating Wordsworth. Can it be that the present vigor
to study out the connection between Robinson shown by editors like Mr. Masefield will, by
Crusoe and Dampier’s “ Voyages,” or between teaching us again to see the external world as
these and Defoe's own “ New Voyage Round it is, unlock the sources of our now languishing
the World." It would be still more profitable, poetry?
LANE COOPER.


208
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE.*
ution, we have first in importance the won-
derful experiments of De Vries, in which the
The past ten years have witnessed a remark-
actual origin of new elementary species has
able development in the science of biology, and
been directly observed. Closely related to this
especially in that portion of it which has to do
work on mutation has been the accumula-
with the problem of organic evolution. The
tion of results carrying us toward a precise
trend of biological work as a whole has in this
knowledge of perhaps the most fundamental of
period taken a sharp turn away from the path biological processes, — namely, heredity. Start-
it had previously been following. Formerly, ing in 1897 with the publication, by Karl
the orthodox and prevailing method of studying Pearson, the English mathematician-biologist,
the problem of life was the truly oriental one of
of exact determinations of the intensity of
first carefully killing the creature to be studied
inheritance in given cases, and receiving a fresh
and then with infinite pains proceeding to scru-
impetus in 1900 with the 66 rediscovery” of
tinize its minute structure. Having acquired Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance, there
some data on this point, it was obviously a
has been a truly remarkable advance of knowl-
simple and not unpleasant process to spin out edge in this field.
theories as to the significance for the life of the
Not only has the change of biological view-
individual or the species of all the structural
point to which we have alluded stimulated
peculiarities found. Applying certain general
investigators to unprecedented activity in the
rules (carefully compiled in Haeckel's “Gen-
study of evolution, but also, as usually happens
erelle Morphologie ") to the conduct of this
in such cases, it has led to the production of a
pleasant game, it was possible, in the period
whole series of “popular” books on evolution
between the appearance of the “Origin of and related topics. It is with a few of this
Species” and say 1896, to build up an im season's product of these less technical exposi-
posing mass of literature regarding the genetic
tions of the present trend of biological thought
relationships of animals. Toward the end of
that we have to do here. On the basis of
this period, however, the feeling began to become
subject-matter, we may divide these books into
widespread that no substantial gain in our know-
two groups. The first group, dealing with
ledge of how organic evolution actually takes organic evolution in the usually accepted sense,
place had been made by the method of attack includes Guenther's “ Darwinism and the Prob-
ing the problem which had been in vogue. lems of Life, Lock's “ Recent Progress,"
Many investigators began to wonder whether
Headley's “Life and Evolution,” and Jordan
a somewhat less indirect mode of research and Kellogg's " Evolution and Animal Life" ;
one which should deal with living organisms,
the second group, dealing with the more recon-
and treat evolution as a process
might not
dite problem of that which precedes organic
reasonably be expected to advance knowledge
evolution, the origin of life itself, includes Le
rather more rapidly. As a result of this Dantec's “Origin of Life" and Bastian's
change of view-point, we have seen in the last
6 Evolution of Life.” Taken as a whole, this
decade a swing of the pendulum of biological array of titles is imposing. Do the contents
investigation away from the so-called "pure”
fulfil the promise of the titles of the volumes ?
morphology over to the experimental side of
In the preface of the first book on our list,
the subject. The results, even in so short a
“Darwinism and the Problems of Life,” Pro-
period as a decade, have been remarkable.
fessor Guenther tells us that “The present work
To mention only some of those which have
had its origin in an attempt to appreciate the
had to do directly with the problem of evol-
range, the foundation, and the value of evo-
* DARWINISM AND THE PROBLEMS OF LIFE. By Conrad lutionary theories." As the result of this
Guenther. Translated by Joseph McCabe. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co.
“ attempt,” the author comes to the conclusion
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF VARIATION, HEREDITY, that on the whole the only theories of evolution
AND EVOLUTION. By R. H. Lock. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
worthy of credence are those of his academical
LIFE AND EVOLUTION. By F. W. Headley. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co.
colleague, Weismann. All the recent experi-
EVOLUTION AND ANIMAL LIPE. An Elementary Discussion of mental work of De Vries and others on evolution
Facts, Processes, Laws and Theories relating to the Life and
Evolution of Animals. By David Starr Jordan and Vernon has for him no special significance so far as the
Lyman Kellogg. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
fundamentals are concerned. In no doubtful
THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF LIFE IN THE LIGHT OF New
KNOWLEDGE. By Felix Le Dantec. With an Introductory terms does he express his opinion of deviations
Preface by Robert K. Duncan. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
from the orthodox Weismannian creed. Thus,
THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE. By H. Charlton Bastian. New
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
regarding the mutation theory he says (p. 347):


1907.]
209
THE DIAL
“ Hence the multiplicity of our actual species ably the best available book from which the
cannot be due to mutations." This ought to layman may get a reasonably complete and non-
be final. The theory of orthogenesis -- that
that technical account of recent investigations in the
definitely directed variations occur in nature, last two of the three fields covered. Unfor-
and are an important factor in progressive evo tunately, the treatment of the subjects is not
lution - receives no kinder treatment, though strictly even and impartial. All three of them
in the last few years much definite experimental are more or less subjects of controversy, and
evidence in its favor has appeared. Taken as especially bitter has been the controversy
a whole, that portion of Dr. Guenther's book between the workers in biometry on the one
which deals strictly with biology can best be hand and in Mendelism on the other hand.
characterized as sadly behind the times. It Mr. Lock happens to be a very enthusiastic
does not give a truthful picture of current sci Mendelist, as has been said ; consequently it
entific opinion regarding the problem of organic has resulted that the treatment of biometrical
evolution. The last two chapters deal with the work given in the book is very adversely critical,
broad philosophic aspects of evolution. The while the treatment of Mendelism is altogether
author's standpoint is one of curiously mangled uncritical. Leaving out this rather serious
idealism. Dinge an sich are all about us,
but defect, the book has much to recommend it.
“ natural science does not present reality to us Mr. Headley's
6. Life and Evolution” is an
as it is.” Reality is “ infinite” and “incom expansion of a series of lectures on general
prehensible." A considerable portion of the biology to an audience entirely untrained in
final chapter deals with ethical questions. The this science.
this science. The aim of the lectures and of
best that the author can offer us here is : “ The the book is to give the clearest possible account
utmost that science can say is that an ethic, of some of the main types of structural and
a setting-up of ends to be attained, has no psychic diversity found in animals, together
meaning. It can only direct a man to let him with an exposition of current views as to how
self be borne in peace on the stream of cause these various types came into existence in the
and effect, without doing anything, because his course of organic evolution. Everyone will
action could have no aim and no result. The
The grant that this is a most laudable purpose, and,
only possible scientific ethic is resignation." further, that if the task is well done the result
All this would be amusing, were it not for the will stand as a notable contribution to popular
possibility that someone might take it as an biological literature. It may be said at once
authoritative statement of the real standpoint that Mr. Headley has done very well indeed
of science.
what he set out to do in this book. In the
If Professor Guenther's book is behind the reviewer's opinion, there exists no other book
times, certainly the same cannot be said of Mr. which in the field covered can compare
in
gen-
Lock's account of “ Recent Progress in the eral excellence with this. Everywhere free of
Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution, technicalities, simple without being silly, never
the second work on our list. This is strictly shirking the difficult and abstruse problems of
up to date,
so much so, indred, as to run a biology but rather elucidating the best of
little risk of being labeled “frenzied biology," present-day opinions regarding them, the author
and as to have very certainly only an ephemeral has told and illustrated the general outlines of
value. The author has been actively engaged the story of the evolution of animals in a mas-
in the study of Mendel's laws of heredity in
terly way.
The keynote of the book is the con-
plants, and the present book is plainly to be sideration of the structures of animals from the
regarded as an outlet for the enthusiasm thus point of view of adaptation. This is good ; and
engendered for the newest in biology. After the way the point is worked out in the book is
a brief and rather perfunctory outline of the better. The procedure here is not that so com-
Darwinian theory of the method of organic evo mon in popular works on evolution, of discussing
lution, in which nothing new is contributed, the adaptation as an abstract proposition and then
author proceeds to give a clear and very readable illustrating it with a few stock examples which
summary of (a) recent work in biometry (the have been overworked to the point of exhaustion.
application of quantitative methods to the study Instead, our author takes a series of obvious
of evolution problems), (b) the work of De Vries structures of common animals and shows spe-
on mutations, and (c) the investigations of alter- cifically how these structures individually are of
native inheritance inspired by the rediscovery a character to help the possessor in its struggle
of Mendel's laws. On the whole, this is prob- for existence under the conditions in which it


210
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
finds itself. Thus, for example, it is brought damental points. The next eight chapters deal
out with great clearness how those structural with the various theories as to the method of
characteristics, both superficial and skeletal, evolution which have been proposed, and the
which differentiate a bird from a reptile are facts and supposed facts of nature on which they
adaptations to avian conditions of existence. have been based. The remaining ten chapters
This leads naturally to a discussion of the flight are devoted to special topics related to the
of birds, and the problem of flight in general. subject of evolution. They include discussions
In this field the author is able, from his long of such matters as sex, ontogenetic development,
experience in bird study, to speak with unique paleontology, geographical distribution, para-
authority, and his discussion is one which
may sitism, adaptations, communal life of animals,
be read even by the specialist with profit as well coloration, psychic life of animals, and man's
as pleasure.
place in nature.” The treatment of these topics
While primarily a book for the “ general follows fairly closely the conventional lines
reader," the volume entitled “Life and Evo- which have become rather definitely established
lution” will, unless we are greatly mistaken, be in the university teaching of evolution in this
warmly welcomed by the teachers of nature country, but introduces much of the most recent
study in the secondary and normal schools. It work which has been done in the field covered.
will prove a mine of information and suggestion It hardly needs saying in an American Journal
for them. The book is copiously and (unfor- that the book is well written, authoritative, and
tunately) unevenly illustrated. Some of the suggestive. It would be difficult, if not impos-
original photographs are excellent, while the sible, to find a better work to put in the hands
line-drawings in some instances are so crude of serious students of evolution, to be used
as greatly to mar the appearance of an other- either as a text-book or for so-called “ collateral
wise well-made book. The captious critic who reading.”
searches for minute errors will find some, but
The two books in our second division, the
they are so relatively few in number and so
origin of life, require but brief discussion.
clearly the outcome of the popular lecture
Le Dantec's contribution is a volume of two
method of presentation as hardly to call for men-
hundred and fifty pages, which, according to the
tion in view of the general excellence of the work title, has to do with the “ Nature and Origin of
as a whole.
Life.” Regarding the “nature of life,” the
Dr. Jordan and Professor Kellogg's “Evo-
author assures us at great length that life is a
lution and Animal Life” is, like Mr. Headley's mechanism. The “ proof” of this is rather de-
book, the outgrowth of a course of popular vious, but essentially appears to depend as a
lectures on evolution, with the difference that
foundation on the fact that living protoplasm is
in the present case the lectures were delivered
matter in the colloidal state of aggregation. The
to an audience of university students. On the
superstructure of the proof consists of a redis-
whole, it must be said that the result of the
cussion of the elementary known facts of biology
transcription of lectures into book form is not so
in a mathematical terminology, which for logi-
happy in the case of the American as in the case
cal imperativeness compares not unfavorably
of the English book, probably on account of the with the old doggerel, —
very fact of the difference in the audiences in
“If A is a turnip,
the two instances. There is an unmistakeable
And B is a flea,
and insistent didactic flavor to 6 Evolution and
Then C. equals tweedle-
Animal Life," which never allows the reader
Dumdee."
to forget that the aim of this writing is to The discussion of the “ origin of life" is under-
teach undergraduate students as much as may taken on the two hundred and forty-eighth page.
be about organic evolution. The scope of the
The scope of the On the two hundred and fiftieth (and last)
work is more extensive, and the treatment of page, the author tells us that “ The problem of
the whole subject of evolution more thorough protoplasm synthesis remains what it was.”
(in a pedagogical sense) in this than in any of Nothing could be more certain than this, so far
the other books on our list. This may be indi as any contribution by Le Dantec is con-
cated by a summary statement of the contents. cerned.
The first three chapters are occupied with pre Dr. Bastian's most recent contribution, the last
liminary definitions of evolution and discussions book of our list, is mainly of historical interest.
of the physical basis of life, the simplest forms It is a detailed and somewhat belated state-
of life, the meaning of species, and similar fun ment of his side of the controversy over the spon-
-


1907.]
211
THE DIAL
taneous generation of life, which followed the modern transportation, with its cry for speed, will
publication, in 1872, of his book on “ The Be- satisfy his demand for the poetry of travel as did
ginnings of Life.” In this it was maintained that
these masters.
the origination of living things from non-living Mr. Francis Miltoun, in his book entitled “The
matter could readily be observed experimentally. | Automobilist Abroad,” well says that “A certain
This thesis was immediately attacked by one of picturesqueness of travel may be wanting when
the greatest figures in the history of biological comparing the automobile with the whirling coach-
science, Pasteur, and by a master of physical
and-four of other days, but there is vastly more
comfort for all concerned, and no one will regret
science, Tyndall. It was, and has remained, the
verdict of the world that the experiments of these
the march of progress when he considers that noth-
ing but the means of transportation has changed.
two men successfully and finally refuted Dr.
The delightful prospects of hill and vale are still
Bastian's thesis. After more than thirty years' there, the long stretches of silent road, and, in
work and thought on the subject, he is, however, France and Germany, great forest routes which are
more than ever convinced that he is right and as wild and unbroken, except for the magnificent
that everybody else is wrong on this obviously surface of the roads, as they were when mediæval
important question. Unfortunately, it is greatly travellers startled the deer and the wild boar.” The
to be doubted whether the present book will win
poetry of motion has a new sensation in its cata-
anyone to his position. Ingenious and striking logue of vivid impressions. Mr. Miltoun's enthusi-
some of the new experiments cited certainly are ;
asm for the motor-car, however, does not overbalance
but it will be very difficult to find any biologist abroad. Every point of such a tour – hotels, routes,
the practical and practicable problems of touring
who will be convinced that they demonstrate the road-building, the touring clubs, road-signs, motor-
truth of the conclusion drawn from them by Dr. car regulations, and customs duties in Europe, maps
Bastian.
RAYMOND PEARL. and road-books, famous European road-races, and
famous hill climbs --- is adequately and interestingly
recounted by the author of this book, who has toured
many thousands of miles on the Continent and in
Great Britain, and who, if we count the items in his
RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL AND SPORT,*
index of places, has visited over six hundred towns
It is a commonplace observation in science, that and cities in Europe. As the average motorist
as knowledge advances there is a corresponding develops a marvellous appetite, the author gives
change in the scientific vocabulary. In the science much space to the question of inns and hotels; and
of transportation there is, consequently, a change in having both suffered and rejoiced in many places
the language. The old poetic glamor which hangs of entertainment, he speaks with authority and with
about the terms associated with the old modes of distinct feeling regarding the good and inferior inns
travel - the palanquin, the sedan chair, the post one meets while motoring. Concerning the roads
chaise, and the stage-coach, linked with their com travelled, he places France as the land par excel-
panion terms, the old North Road, the tavern, the lence for touring. After France comes Great
great roast and the flagon. is no longer ours. Britain, with snug little touring grounds and excel-
Long ago we lost the beautiful significance of lent roads.
lent roads. Germany, where touring is in high
"sauntering," sojourning," “wandering,” “pil- favor, has all sorts and conditions of roads, from
grimage,” and even of so modern a term as “a the best in Baden, the Palitinate and the Grand
walking tour.” To-day Kipling sings of the beauty Duchy of Hesse, to poor in the central and northern
of the liner” and the glory of a locomotive, and provinces. Swiss roads are thoroughly good every-
Maeterlinck pays a fervid tribute to the wonderful where, but many of them, particularly mountain-
unknown beast," the automobile. Both these writers roads, are closed to automobile traffic. In Belgium
are artists in fine feelings, with a sensitive regard there are immeasurable stretches of the vilest pave-
for fine language; but the average reader, when he ment in the world. Italian roads are variable, but
thinks of the glory of motion, reverts to De Quin- generally good on the main lines of travel. Auto-
cey's account of the English Mail-Coach, to mobiling in Spain is a thing of the future. With
Stevenson’s “ Inland Voyage” and “Travels with a characteristic humor, Mr. Miltoun discountenances
Donkey," to Hazlitt, and to Borrow, and wonders if the disarmament of European nations, as the rival
THE AUTOMOBILIST ABROAD. By Francis Miltoun. Illus-
nations are inclined to keep their frontier roads in
trated. Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
unusually good condition. The grand tour of other
NIMROD's Wife. By Grace Gallatin Seton.
days has become, in the parlance of the European
New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
motorist, the "Circuit Européen." Beginning at
HUNTING TRIPS IN NORTH AMERICA. By F.C. Selous. Illus-
trated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Paris, the tourist descends through Poitou to Biarritz,
BIG GAME SHOOTING ON THE EQUATOR. By Captain F. C. thence along the French slope of the Pyrenees,
Dickinson. IHustrated. New York: John Lane Company.
skirting the Mediterranean coast by Marseilles and
A CORNER IN INDIA. By Mary Mead Clark. Illustrated.
Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society.
Monte Carlo, thence to Genoa, north to Milan and
Illustrated.


212
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
to Vienna (the outpost for automobile supplies and “ Zealous" by his companions at Rugby. Whether
comforts), and returns to Paris by way of Prague, true or not, the title is nevertheless a fitting one for
Breslau, Berlin, Hanover, Cologne, and Reims. the man who so zealously hunts all wild things,
This route is about thirty-one hundred miles long, from the nests and eggs of the nut-cracker in Bosnia
and requires from twenty-five to thirty days to make to the game giants of Africa and of British North
the run.
Much of the route is more extensively America. It is now a goodly number of years
since
used by motorists than any other route in Europe. Mr. Selous went out to Africa, to make his living
Such a tour, Mr. Miltoun assures us, “in all its with gun and rifle, and to write entertaining books
illuminating variety is far and away ahead of the of adventure on that paradise of big-game hu