NE The Carnegie Library of The Pennsylvania State College Class No. 051 Book No. 1 54 2 308 Accession No. 2.9.944 THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XLIV. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1908 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1908 051 D 54 V. 44 Jan. June 1908 . INDEX TO VOLUME XLIV. PAGE ACADEMIC CRITICISM, IN THE SCALES OF F. B. R. Hellems . 206 AMERICA, THE IRONY OF 261 AMERICAN NATION, THE: 1865-1907 St. George L. Sioussat 309 ARTISTS, THE NEW DICTIONARY OF Russell Sturgis 238 Brown, DR. JOHN, AND HIS FRIENDS Percy F. Bicknell 171 BUDDHISM, ANOTHER INTERPRETATION OF William Elliot Griffis 243 CANADA AND THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Lawrence J. Burpee . 209 CANADA FROM A FRENCH VIEW-POINT Lawrence J. Burpee . 17 CIVIL WAR, A FINANCIER OF THE C. H. Cooper 15 DIFFIDENCE, THE ANATOMY OF John J. Holden 101 DRACHMANN, HOLGER 63 DRAMA, THE CLOSET . 163 DRAMATIC FEAST, A 293 DUTCH HISTORY FROM THE SOURCES 103 DYNASTS, THE . William Morton Payne . 307 EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS, RECENT Edward O. Sisson 275 EDUCATIONAL SCANDAL, AN 367 EGYPT, MODERN, LORD CROMER ON James W. Garner 237 ENGLAND AND AMERICA, COLONIAL RELATIONS OF Annie Heloise Abel 128 ENGLAND'S AMERICAN PROVINCES AND IMPERIAL CONTROL St. George L. Sioussat 14 ENGLISH COMMONER, A GERMAN VIEW OF THE GREAT Laurence M. Larson . 240 ENGLISH GARDENS, IN Edith Kellogg Dunton 339 EXAGGERATION AND THE ARTISTIC TEMPERAMENT 231 EYE, THE JAUNDICED FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne, 43, 132, 245, 349 GAME BIG AND LITTLE, AFLOAT AND ASHORE Wallace Rice 342 GOETHE THE OLD VIEW AND THE NEW Charles Leonard Moore . 29 GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP, THE CASE AGAINST James W. Garner 70 GUIDE-Books, SOME RECENT 355 HAMLET'S MYSTERY, THE HEART OF Charles H. A. Wager 13 HEARN, THE REAL Frederick W. Gookin 300 HISTORIAN AND DIPLOMAT, AN AMERICAN Annie Russell Marble 267 HOBO IN THEORY AND PRACTICE, THE . Edward E. Hale, Jr. 301 “ IK MARVEL ” AND HIS BOOKS S. M. Crothers 271 Irish POET, LITERARY FRIENDSHIPS OF AN Percy F. Bicknell 69 JAMES, HENRY, THE REJUVENATION OF Edward E. Hale, Jr. 174 JAPANESE ART, MYTH AND LEGEND IN Frederick W. Gookin 211 LITERATURE, THE APPRECIATION OF 91 MAINE, A MAN FROM W. H. Johnson 73 MEMORIES OF Two CONTINENTS Percy F. Bicknell. 273 “ MENLO PARK, THE WIZARD OF Percy F. Bicknell 126 MEREDITH, GEORGE, Two STUDIES OF Eunice Follansbee 129 MEXICAN NATIVITY PLAY, A. Frederick Starr 244 MILITARY STRATEGY, THE GREAT MASTER OF Josiah Renick Smith 173 MONGOLS, ANCIENT APPARITION OF THE William Elliot Griffis 178 MORYSON, FYNES : ELIZABETHAN TRAVELLER . Charles Harris 303 MUSIC, THE MYSTERY OF 119 Music, Two HISTORIES OF Josiah Renick Smith 99 NATURE'S “FINE PRINT May Estelle Cook 343 “Now AGAIN THE TUFTED TREES” Thomas H. Macbride 340 OLD LANDS, New BOOKS ABOUT H. E. Coblentz 104 ORNITHOLOGIST AT SEA, AN T. D. A. Cockerell 344 PARSON, A WITTY, LETTERS OF Percy F. Bicknell 11 PATRIOTISM AND THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 64 PEDESTRIANISM AND POETRY 333 . . . . . 29944 iv. INDEX . Edith Kellogg Dunton Percy F. Bicknell Charles Leonard Moore Annie Russell Marble John Bascom Percy F. Bicknell William Morton Payne : PAGE 71 372 165 378 176 335 32 74 PERCY, EARL, AND HIS DINNER GUESTS “PERFECT WOMAN, A, NOBLY PLANNED PERSONALITY VS. WORK PETRARCH, Two New STUDIES OF PHILOSOPHY, AMERICAN, SURVEYS OF PHILOSOPHY, EVERY-DAY, ESSAYS IN PoE, AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF POETRY, RECENT PRAGMATIC SANCTION, A PROVENCE, ROMANCE AND POETRY OF RAILWAY REGULATION RELIGIOUS THOUGHT, EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS UNREST, SIGNS OF Russo-JAPANESE WAR, IMPRESSIONS OF A CORRESPONDENT IN SCIENCE, THE OPTIMISM OF. SOCIALISM CONDEMNED STEDMAN, EDMUND CLARENCE STRANGE BOYHOOD, A TRUE STORY OF A SYMBOLIST MOVEMENT IN LITERATURE, THE Tasso, AN ENGLISH LIFE OF TILDEN AFTERMATH, A NOTEWORTHY TRAVEL, HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS OF VENICE IN THE GOLDEN AGE WORDS, THE INTOXICATION OF WORLDS, THE Two Percy F. Bicknell John J. Halsey William E. Griffis T. D. A. Cockerell Frederic Austin Ogg T. D. A. Cockerell T. D. A. Cockerell 199 36 130 377 212 97 270 39 61 96 374 . . 41 Percy F. Bicknell F. B. R. Hellems . Lane Cooper Percy F. Bicknell H. E. Coblentz Laurence M. Larson . Charles Leonard Moore . Charles Leonard Moore . 205 345 38 295 7 CASUAL COMMENT "Alice in Wonderland," New Editions of. 10 Aluminum for Books for the Blind.... 170 "American Language,” An English Opinion of the.. 33 American Literary Style, A Self-contradictory Char- acterization of.. 234 Andersen, Hans Christian, Homely Charm of. 264 Annual, A Quaintly Interesting. 94 Anonymity, A Curiosity-arousing. 263 Aspersion, An Undeserved. 298 Assonance, A Commercially Valuable. 266 Author's Manuscript, Fate of an. 266 Authors' Manuscript, Inviolability of . 265 Bacteriology, The Librarian's Interest in 265 Bee-Hive in a Library, A. 298 “Bibliosmiles," The.... 370 Book Circulation, Competition in. 10 Book-pilferer, The Perennial. 9 Book Record of 1907. 67 Bookseller, A Famous and Successful. 35 Bookselling and Book-renting. 265 Carnegie's Additional Gift.. 233 Catalogue Cards and Cataloguing Codes, Uniform- ity in... 94 Censorship of the Press, An English. 35 Children as Library-users, Needs of the. 67 Children's Myth-making Propensity.. 34 Chinese Ideographs.. 204 Coins that will Always Pass Current. 122 Composing Stick, The Man with the. 266 De Quincey, Thomas, Opiophagia of. 264 Dickens, A Twentieth-Century.. 35 Dickinson, G. Lowes, The Versatile and Scholarly. 236 Dictionary-Buyers, Of Interest to. 169 "Doone-Land, the Real," Reality of... 263 Eighteenth-Century Manners, Our Homely.. 33 English as the Language of Literature and Science. 266 Fiction-fed Public, The.. 202 Fiction-Toper, How Not to Become a.. 263 FitzGerald, Edward, Some Unpublished Letters of.. 236 France, The French Novel in. 371 French Books, Current, A Guide to.. 169 French Ignorance of Things American. 234 French Journalistic Enterprise. 121 Genius in Distress.. 9 German Imaginative Genius, An Outburst of.. 201 Glyn, Elinor, Cheerful Charm of. 264 Goethe and Shakespeare, Comparative Greatness of.. 370 Gosse, Mr. Edmund, The Puritan Father of. 203 Greek Literature, Claims of. 93 Hall of Fame, An English. 9 Hawthorne and the Critics. 123 Henry the Eighth's Comments on Matrimony. 235 Hispanic Society's Library and Museum. 123 History, An Anthology of ... 124 Idealist, The, in Practical Affairs. 122 Intellectual Leadership, A New Title to. 3. Inter-Bibliothecal Courtesies. 123 Irving, Henry, An "Authoritative" Life of. 93 James's Revision of his Early Novels. 10 Johnson Bicentenary, The.. 235 Journalism, Successful, Qualifications for. 370 Journalistic Appeal, Psychology of. 123 Leatherstocking Tales, To Lovers of the. 204 "Lettered Ease," A Study in.. 264 Librarian, The Old-fashiored. 168 Librarians, Next Summer's Conference of. 123 Librarianship, A Rotating.. 265 Librarianship, The Ideal and Real in. 298 Librarianship, Old and New in..., 233 Library Bulletin, Function of the. 371 Library Extension, Chicago as a Centre for.. 168 Library Improvement, Endless Possibilities of. 167 Library Inspection, Volunteer Work in... 10 Library News, A Growing Interest in. 67 Library Progress in Maryland.... 66 Library Schools, Rising Standard of. 297 Library Sign of the Season, A.... 202 Library with a Brisk Circulation. 203 Library World, The Year's Events in the. 68 Life, This Brief Span of... 370 Literary Combats, A Cockpit for.. 167 Literary Culture, A Utilitarian Defense of 295 Literary Journal, Function of the.. 369 Literary Work, The Income from. 202 Literary Workers, Graduate Schools for. 369 Literary Workman, Crowded Life of the. 121 . . . . . INDEX V. PAGE Literature and Journalism. 34 Magazine Madness... 67 Manuscript, The Man behind the. 299 Men of Action, Literary Style of. 262 Meredithian Echoes.. 203 “Metropolis, The," Evolution of. 369 Milton Tercentenary, Preparation for the.. 203 Missouri's Awakening to her Literary Needs. 266 Murray, John, and the London "Times”. 371 National Library, Accessions to the. 68 New England Story-writer, A Favorite. 10 Newspaper, Mission of the.. 66 Omar Khayyam, The Eloquent Shrug of. 168 Parallelism, A Close.. 202 Periodical, A, with a Creditable History 299 Peter the Great as Library-Founder. 123 Pine Tree Poetry of Japan, The. 235 Poets, A Prize Competition of. 94 Poet's Beatific Vision, The.. 93 Polish Genius, A Brilliant. 297 Population Growth and Book-Circulation Growth. 203 Press and the People.. 168 Proof-sheet Marginalia. 93 Public Documents of the United States, A Handbook to the.... 94 Public Libraries, Popular Patronage of. Public Library Book Hospital, The.. 299 Public Library Books, Per Capita Supply of. 123 Public Library Funds - How they are Spent. 122 Public Library Organization Unassisted by Legislation 66 Public Library, Revivification of a Great.... 124 Public Library's Rental Shelves.... 265 Publisher of the Good Old School, A. 297 Publishers, The Problem of the... Pullman-car Fiction. Ramée, Louise de la, Death of. Reading, More, and Less Talking. Reading-rooms, Portable... Roche, Sir Boyle, A Rival to. Rochester Readers, Awakening of. Senility, Removal of the Reproach of. Sensitiveness about One's Name. Serious Books, Circulation of .. Shakespeare Memorial for London, A New Shakespeare on a Merry-go-round.. Shakespeare Scholar, An Octogenarian. Shakespeare's Bones, Moving of. "Skipping," Ethics of. Spelling Bee, The Oldtime. Stage, Call of the. State Publications. Statesmanship and the Love of Poetry. Thackeray, Some Fresh Reininiscences of. Thibetan Literature, Awakening of Interest in Tolstoi Festival, The Coming.. Typesetting, Wireless Way of. Universities and the Magazines. Vacation-planning by Book and Time-Table. Veteran French Editor, Retirement of a. Veteran Librarian, Retirement of a.... Ward, Mrs. Humphry, at Smith College. Whittier Relics at Haverhill. Winchester's New Library Building. Words, Transplanting of.... Yellow Journalism, Yellowness of. PAGE 233 201 66 298 10 235 236 299 299 67 234 234 10 34 235 170 202 266 169 33 264 266 371 122 369 35 234 297 9 371 94 169 . . ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING Books, 1908 183, 218 ONE HUNDRED BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING, DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF 355 BRIEFS ON New BOOKS 18, 46, 77, 108, 135, 179, 213, 247, 277, 312, 352, 380 BRIEFER MENTION 20, 81, 111, 138, 182, 216, 250, 280, 383 NOTES 21, 49, 81, 112, 139, 183, 217, 251, 281, 316, 384 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 82, 139, 219, 282, 358 LISTS OF NEW BOOKS 21, 50, 84, 113, 140, 189, 220, 252, 283, 317, 359, 385 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED "A. A. C." Semitones.. 77 Abbott, Ernest H. On the Training of Parents. 277 Ackermann, A. S. E. Popular Fallacies. 250 Allen, Alexander V. G. Life and Letters of Phillips Brooks, abridged edition. 111 Allingham, H., and Radford, D. Diary of William Allingham 69 Archer, William. Works of Henrik Ibsen, Vol. I.... 108 Arrhenius, Syante. Worlds in the Making.. 277 Baedeker, Karl. Handbook for Spain and Portugal, third edition.. 355 Bagot, Richard. Lakes of Northern Italy. 21 Baildon, H. Bellyse. Poems of William Dunbar. 49 Bailey, Elmer J. Novels of George Meredith. 129 Baillie-Grohmann, W. A. Tyrol: The Land in the Mountains 105 Baker, Tarkington. Yard and Garden.. 353 Baldwin, Charles Sears. Essays Out of Hours. 20 Barr, Robert. The Measure of the Rule. 246 Barzini, Luigi. Pekin to Paris. 105 Bates, David Homer. Lincoln in the Telegraph Office 47 Beach, Rex E. The Barrier. 350 Beers, Clifford W. A Mind that Found Itself. 278 Bell, Gertrude L. Syria : The Desert and the Sown, cheaper edition. 111 Benson, Arthur Christopher. The Altar Fire. 79 Benson, E. F. Shea ves.. 133 Bigelow, Jobn. Letters and Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden.. 205 Bindloss, Harold. For Jacinta.. 133 Bindloss, Harold. The Mistress of Bonaventure. 44 Binns, Henry B. Abraham Lincoln.. 249 Blake, J. V. The Months... 81 Bland, Hubert. The Happy Moralist. 337 Blok, Petrus J. History of the People of the Nether- lands, Part IV.. 103 Boigne, Comtesse de, Memoirs of the, Vol. III. 278 Borsa, Mario. The English Stage of To-day. 248 Boulting, William. Tasso and his Times. 41 Bousset, Wilhelm. What is Religion ?... 213 Breck, Edward. The Way of the Woods. 343 Brewster, William T. Specimens of Modern English Literary Criticism... 21 Brinton, Christian. Modern Artists. 247 Britton, Nathaniel Lord. North American Trees... 340 Brown, John, and Forrest, D. W. Letters of Dr. John Brown. 171 Brown, Sir Thomas. Urne-Buriall, Riverside Press edition 111 Brown, Stewardson. Alpine Flora of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. 355 Bruce, H. Addington. The Riddle of Personality. 279 Buckman, David L. Old Steamboat Days on the Hudson 42 Burr, Anna Robeson. The Jessop Bequest. 44 Burroughs, John. Leaf and Tendril. 343 Butterfield, Kenyon L. Chapters in Rural Progress. 313 Byford, Henry T. Panama and Back.. 348 Caird, Edward. Lay Sermons and Addresses. 80 Calvert, Albert F. Spanish Series.... .112, 251 Carlisle, George L. Around the World in a Year.. 347 Carman, Bliss. The Making of Personality. 313 Carr, Clark E. My Day and Generation. 273 Cecil, Evelyn. London Parks and Gardens.. 353 Chancellor, William E. Theory of Motives, Ideals, and Values in Education.. 275 Cheney, John Vance. Memorable American Speeches, Vol. I. 82 vi. INDEX PAGE "Christ That is to Be", 213 Churchill, Winston. Mr. Crewe's Career. 349 Cipriani, Lisi. A Tuscan Childhood. 111 Clerke, Agnes M. A Popular History of Astronomy, fourth edition... 384 Clough, Mrs. A. H. Burckhardt's Art Guide to Painting in Italy, new edition.. 316 Cole, M. R. Los Pastores.. 244 Cook, Frederick A. To the Top of the Continent... 346 Cooke, Marjorie Benton. More Modern Monologues.. 280 Cooper, Lane. Theories of Style. 113 Corner, Caroline. Ceylon, the Paradise of Adam. 348 "Corporation Manual for 1908". 317 Cowan, Samuel. Last Days of Mary Stuart. 78 Crapsey, Algernon S. The Re-birth of Religion .. 212 Cromer, Lord. Modern Egypt. 237 Crooker, Joseph Henry. The Church of To-day. 381 Cross, Richard James. A Hundred Great Poems. 216 Crowell's Handy Information Series.. 21 Cunningham, W. Wisdom of the Wise. 139 Currie, Margaret A. The Letters of Martin Luther. 381 Curtin, Jeremiab. The Mongols.... 178 Curtis, C. C. Nature and Development of Plants... 215 Damon, Henry B. Gems of Thought. 82 “Danby, Frank." The Heart of a Child. 352 Davidson, Augusta M. Campbell. Present-day Japan 346 Davis, William T. Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation 250 Dawson, Nelson. Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work 111 Day, Holman. King Spruce. 349 Day, Lewis F. Enamelling. 139 De Lorey, Eustache, and Sladen, Douglas. Queer Things about Persia. 107 De Morgan, William. Somehow Good. 132 Desmond, H. W., and Frohne, H. W. Building a Home 382 Dewar, George A. B. Letters of Samuel Reynolds Hole 11 Dewey, Davis R. National Problems, 1885-1897 310 Diehl, Alice M. True Story of My Life... 48 Dodge, R. E. Neil. Poetical Works of Spenser. 280 Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Napoleon, Vols. III.-IV.. 173 Dole, Nathan H. A Teacher of Dante.. 383 Dorner, Herman B. Window Gardening.. 352 Doughty, Charles M. Wanderings in Arabia. 354 Doyle, Arthur Conan. Through the Magic Door.... 338 Dunning, William A. Reconstruction, Political and Economic, 1865-1877.. 309 Eaton, John. Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen... 136 Edwards, Owen. Short History of Wales. 49 "Egypt and How to See It". 355 Elliot, G. F. Scott. Chili. 181 Ellis, Elizabeth. The Fair Moon of Bath. 352 Elson, Arthur. Music Club Programs for All Nations 112 Elton, Oliver. Modern Studies.. 206 Enock, C. Reginald. The Andes and the Amazon.... 107 Farrer, J. A. Literary Forgeries. 46 Fessenden, Francis. Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden. 73 Fisher, H. A. L. Bonapartism. 247 Fisher, Irving. Nature of Capital and Income. 19 Gilder, Richard Watson. The Fire Divine. 76 Glasgow, Ellen. The Ancient Law.. 134 Glyn, Elinor, New Editions of the Novels of. 317 Goddard, Harold C. Studies in New England Trans- cendentalism 383 Gosse, Edmund. Björnson's In God's Way. 138 Gosse, Edmund. Björnson's The Heritage of the Kurts 281 Gosse, Edmund. Father and Son. 96 Gosse, Edmund. Henrik Ibsen. 108 Gould, George M. Concerning Lafcadio Hearn. 300 "Grafton Historical Series". 42 Grant, Mrs. Colquhoun. Quaker and Courtier. 279 Greenlaw, Edwin A. Selections from Chaucer. 216 Greenslet, Ferris. Sonnets of Longfellow. 216 Griffis, William E. Motley's History of the Dutch Republic 316 Grindrod, Charles F. Songs from the Classics, sec- ond series.. 75 Haines, Henry S. Railway Corporations as Public Servants 130 Hakluyt Society Publications, Two New. 64 Hale, Albert. The South Americans. 107 Hall, Stanley. Youth, its Education, Regimen, and Hygiene 249 PAGE Hall, H. Fielding. The Inward Light. 243 Hamilton, Clarence S. Outlines of Musical History. 280 Haney, J. L. The Name of William Shakespeare.. 47 Hanotaux, Gabriel. Contemporary France, Vol. III. 79 Harben, Will N. Mam' Linda.. 45 Hardy, E. J. John Chinaman at Home, third edition 112 Hardy, Thomas. The Dynasts, Part III., 307 Harper, Robert Francis, and others. Old Testament and Semitic Studies... 280 Harper's Stories of Adventure. 139 Harrison, Frederic. Philosophy of Common Sense.. 18 Harrison, Jane. Primitive Athens as Described by Thucydides 135 Hart, Albert Bushnell. The American Nation, Vols. XXII.-XXVII. 309 Hart, Albert Bushnell. National Ideals Historically Traced, 1607-1907.. 312 Hartranft, C. D., Schlutter, O. B., and Johnson, E. E. S. Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum, Vol. I.... 280 Harwood, W. S. New Creations in Plant Life, new edition 108 Haskell, Col. Frank A. The Battle of Gettysburg, new edition.. 381 Hearn, Lafcadio. Letters from the Raven. 46 Henderson, M. Sturge. George Meredith.. 129 Henshall, James A. Favorite Fish and Fishing. 343 Herbert, Agnes. Two Dianas in Somaliland. 106 Hewlett, Maurice. The Stooping Lady.. 43 Higinbotham, John U. Three Weeks in Holland and Belgium 348 Higginson, T. W. Life and Times of Stephen Hig- ginson 18 Hill, Frederick T. Decisive Battles of the Law 19 Hind, C. Lewis. The Diary of a Looker-on. 338 Hinds, A. M. Drawings of Rembrandt. 138 Hird, Frank. Victoria the Woman.... 315 Hobbs, William Herbert. Earthquakes. 110 Hoffman, Frank S. The Sphere of Religion. 377 Holder, Charles Frederick. Big Game at Sea. 342 Hollway-Calthrop, H. C. Petrarch.... 379 Holman, Frederick V. Dr. John McLoughlin. 182 Holme, Charles. The Gardens of England. 340 Holmes, Bettie F. The Log of the "Laura". 345 Hough, R. B. Trees of Northern United States and Canada 18 Howe, M. A. De Wolfe. Life and Letters of George Bancroft 267 Howells, William Dean Fennel and Rue. 350 Humphrey, Zephipe. Over against Green Peak. 336 Hunter, Mary Y., and J. Young, and Munroe, Neil. The Clyde. 216 Huntington, Ellsworth. The Pulse of Asia. 104 "Ideas of a Plain Country Woman". 335 Ingersoll, Robert. Abraham Lincoln, Lane's edition 21 Ingram, John K. History of Political Economy. 82 Irving, H. B. Occasional Papers... 135 James, Henry, Novels and Tales of, "New York" edition 174 Jast, L. Stanley. Classification of Library Economy and Office Papers.. 138 Jekyll, Gertrude. Colour in the Flower-Garden. 339 Jenkins, Stephen. A Princess and Another. 351 Jeringham, Sir Hubert. From West to East. 347 Jerrold, Walter. Highways and Byways in Kent.. 353 Johnson, E. Boroughs. Drawings of Michael Angelo 138 Joly, Henri L. Legend in Japanese Art. 211 Jones, Francis Arthur. Thomas Alva Edison 126 Jordan, David Starr. Fishes, 181 Jordan, David Starr. The California Earthquake of 1906 248 Keating, M. W. Suggestion in Education.. 276 Kelly, Edmond. The Elimination of the Tramp. 301 Kinkead, Eleanor T. The Courage of Blackburn Blair 44 Kirkup, Thomas. An Inquiry into Socialism, third edition 21 Klein, Felix. An American Student in France. 312 Knight, William, Memorials of Thomas Davidson. 48 Krüsi, Hermann. Recollections of My Life.. 181 Ladd, George T. In Korea with Marquis Ito. 248 Laffan, William M. Catalogue of the Morgan Collec- tion of Chinese Porcelains... Lang, Andrew. Dumas' Celebrated Crimes. 139 Latané, John H. America as a World Power, 1897- 1907 311 Latham, Charles, and Tipping, H. Avray. In English Homes 137 81 INDEX vii. 301 PAGE Leith, W. Compton. Apologia Diffidentis.. 101 Lenz, Max Napoleon... 279 Little, Brown, & Co.'s Reprints of Popular Fiction. 251 "Living Masters of Music", .81, 316 London, Jack. The Iron Heel. 247 London, Jack. The Road.. Lounsbury, Thomas R. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist, cheaper edition. 139 Lucas, E. V. 'Character and Comedy. 135 Luther, Mark Lee. The Crucible. 45 Lynn, Margaret. A Collection of Eighteenth Century Verse 182 Mabie, Hamilton W., and Stephens, Kate. Heroines Every Child Should Know. 216 Macaulay, G. C. James Thomson. 180 McCormick, Frederick. Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia 97 Maccunn, Florence A. Mary Stuart, second edition. 20 McFadden, Elizabeth, and Davis, Lilian. Selected List of Plays. 112 Mackaye, Percy. The Scarecrow. 380 Mackenzie, M. Compton. Poems. 75 Mackereth, James A. In Grasmere Vale 75 Maclehose, Louisa S. Vasari on Technique... 250 Madden, D. H. Diary of Master William Silence, new edition. 21 Mallock, W. H. A Critical Examination of Socialism 39 Mantle, Beatrice. Gret. 134 Marble, Annie Russell. Heralds of American Liter- ature 110 Marks, Mary A. M. England and America. 128 Mason, A. E. W. The Broken Road. 43 Masson, Thomas L. The New Plato. 338 Matteson, David M. Analytical Index to “The Amer- ican Nation" 312 Matthews, Brander. Inquiries and Opinions. 137 Matthews, Brander. The Short Story.. 113 Matthews, F. H. Principles of Intellectual Edu- cation 109 Maud, Constance E. Memoirs of Mistral. 36 Merritt, Albert N. Federal Regulation of Railway Rates 132 Merwin, Samuel, and Webster, H. K. Comrade John 45 Metchnikoff, Elie. The Prolongation of Life. 270 Meyer, Hugo R. British State Telegraphs. 70 Meyer, Hugo R. Public Ownership and the Tele- phone in Great Britain. 70 Michel, Emile. Rembrandt. 384 Miles, George Henry. A Review of Hamlet, new edition 12 Miles, George Henry. Christine, new edition. 82 Miller, Olive Thorne. The Bird our Brother. 343 Mitchell, Donald G., Works of, "Edgewood" edition. 271 Mitchell, Evelyn G. Mosquito Life........ 214 Mitchell, w. C. Gold, Prices, and Wages under the Greenlack Standard.. 280 Molmenti, Pompeo. Venice, Part II. 38 Morgan, George. The True Patrick Henry. 80 Morris, Charles. The Old South and the New 137 Moryson's Itinerary, MacLehose edition.... 303 - Moses, J. Montrose. Children's Books and Reading.. 180 Moulton, R. G. Modern Reader's Bible, one-volume edition 49 Murdock, Harold. Earl Percy's Dinner-Table. 71 Murphy. Thomas D. British Highways and Byways from a Motor Car. 347 "Musician's Library" . 49, 139, 281 Neff, Elizabeth. Altars to Mammon. 245 Newmarch, Rosa. Tschaikowsky, enlarged edition... 384 Nicolay, Fernand. Napoleon at the Boulogne Camp 315 Nicoll, M. J. Three Voyages of a Naturalist... 344 Nolen, John. Repton's Art of Landscape Gardening 179 Nolhac, Pierre de. Petrarch and the Ancient World. 378 Ober, Frederick A. Guide to the West Indies.. 355 Ober, Frederick A. Heroes of American History.315, 383 Ober, Frederick A. John and Sebastian Cabot. 383 Ober, Frederick A. Juan Ponce de Leon... 315 Oberholtzer, Ellis P. Jay Cooke.... 15 O'Connor, Daniel. Classiques Français Illustrés. 216 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Avenger... 352 Osgood, Herbert L. American Colonies in the Seven- teenth Century, Vol. III. 14 "Oxford Editions of Shelley, Campbell, and the 'Gol- den Treasury' 81 Page, Thomas Nelson. The Old Dominion. 382 Paget, Stephen. Confessio Medici.. 213 PAGE Paine, John K. History of Music to the Death of Schubert 99 Palmer, George Herbert. Life of Alice Freeman Palmer 372 Parrish, Randall. Prisoners of Chance.. 351 Peabody, Francis G. Mornings in the College Chapel, second series... 21 Pellissier, Georges. Voltaire Philosophe. 383 Perry, Bliss. Walt Whitman, revised edition 316 Perry, Bliss. Whittier... 111 Phillips, David Graham. Old Wives for New. 350 Phillips, Stephen. New Poems. 74 Phythian, J. Ernest. Trees in Nature, Myth, and Art 342 Platt, Dan Fellows. Through Italy with Car and Camera 107 "Pocket-Book of Early American Humorists' 82 Poor, C. L. The Solar System. 250 Porter, Charlotte, and Clarke, Helen. *First Folio" Shakespeare 21, 251 Pratt, Waldo Selden. The History of Music. 99 Prentice, E. Parmalee. Federal Power over Carriers and Corporations... 48 Putnam, George P. Tabular views of Universal His- tory, new edition.. 49 Quackenbos, John D. Hypnotic Therapeutics. 179 Quick, Herbert. The Broken Lance.. 45 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Major Vigoureux. 43 Rannie, David Watson. Wordsworth and His Circle 214 Rath, E. J. The Sixth Speed. 350 Read, D. H. Moutray. Highways and Byways in Hampshire 353 Richardson, Ernest C. Index to Periodical Articles on Religion. 138 Riley, I. Woodbridge, American Philosophy. 177 Robertson, J. Logie. Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell 251 Robins, Elizabeth. Come and Find Me. 245 Robins, Elizabeth. The Convert.. 44 Robinson, James H. Development of Modern Europe 383 Rolfe, William J. Satchel Guide to Europe, 1908 edition 355 Rolfe, William J. Shakespeare Proverbs. 112 Roscoe and Schorlemmer. Treatise on Chemistry, re- vised edition, Vol. II. 139 Rose, George B. Renaissance Masters, third edition. 139 Rugh, Charles E., and others. Moral Training in the Public Schools... 276 Salisbury, Rollin D. Physiography for High Schools 250 Sanborn, Kate. Old-time Wall Papers, new edition.. 316 Sandys, John Edwin. History of Classical Scholar- ship, Vol. I. 110 Sargent, Charles Sprague. Trees and Shrubs....139, 384 Scharff, R. F. European Animals. 79 Schauflier, Robert H. Christmas. 49 Schauffler, Robert H. Through Italy with the Poets. 182 Scollard, Clinton. Blank Verse Pastels.. 76 Scott, Mary Augusta. Bacon's Essays.. 382 Scripture, E. W. Thinking, Feeling, and Doing, new edition 280 Sedgwick, Henry Dwight. The New American Type. 380 Serviss, Garrett P. Astronomy with the Naked Eye. 354 Serviss, Garrett P. The Moon. 80 "Shakespeare Library" ..39, 49, 217, 251, 281 Shaw, Albert. The Outlook for the Average Man... 109 Sheehan, Patrick A. Parerga. 314 Sherrill, Charles H. Stained Glass Tours in France. 138 Short, Ernest H. History of Sculpture... 250 Siegfried, André. The Race Question in Canada.... 17 Sinclair, Upton. The Metropolis.... 246 Small, Albion W. Adam Smith and Modern Sociology 215 Smith, Justin H. Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony 209 Smith, Robinson. English Quotations.. 182 Snaith, J. C. William Jordan, Junior. 351 Sparks, Edwin Erle. National Development, 1877- 1885 310 Spears, John R. History of the United States Navy 315 Spender, J. A. Comments of Bagshot.. 337 Spitta, Edmund J. Microscopy.. 20 Stearns, Frank P. George Luther Stearns. 81 Stebbins, William. The Poets : Chaucer to Tennyson 182 Stevens, William C. Plaut Anatomy.. 82 Storck, Karl. Letters of Robert Schumann. 182 Sullivan, T. Russell. Lands of Summer. 347 Swift, J van. Fagots of Cedar.... 138 Symonds, John Addington. Essays Speculative and Suggestive, third edition. 20 viii. INDEX PAGE Symons, Arthur. Cities of Italy... 136 Symons, Arthur. The Symbolist Movement in Litera- ture 374 Taylor, Mary Imlay. The Reaping. 246 "Temple Greek and Latin Classics", 112 Terry, Helen. French Song and Verse for Children.. 316 "Thanet, Octave." The Lion's Share... 44 Thieme, Ulrich, and Becker, Felix. Allgemeines Lex- ikon der Bildenden Künstler. 238 Thompson, Francis. The Hound of Heaven, Mosher's reprint 251 Thomson, William de Forest. The Passing of Time. 76 Thoreau's Friendship, “Bartlett" edition. 21 Todd, Charles Burr. In Olde New York. 42 Trevelyan, Sir George. Marginal Notes by Lord Ma- caulay 49 "Tudor and Stuart Library" 216 Urwick, W. E. The Child's Mind. 276 Van Beclaere, L. La Philosophie en Amérique.. 176 Van Norman, Louis E. Poland, the Knight among Nations 137 Von Ruville, Albert. William Pitt. 240 Vorse, Mary Heaton. The Breaking in of a Yachts- man's Wife. 354 Waddington, Richard. La Guerre de Sept Ans, Vol. IV. 280 Waller, E. M. Memoirs of Alexandre Dumas. 21, 139 Ward, John J. Some Nature Biographies.. 216 Ware, Richard D. In the Woods and on the Shore.. 343 Waterfield, Margaret, and others. Flower Grouping. 339 PAGE Waters, Robert. Culture by Conversation... 19 "Weather and Weather Instruments". 384 Weed, Clarence, and Emerson, Arthur I. Our Trees. 342 Weed, Clarence M. Wild Flower Families.. 354 Welsh, Charles. Character Portraits from Dickens.. 49 Wendell, Barrett. France of To-day. 47 "Wer Ist's," 1908. 314 Werder, Karl. The Heart of Hamlet's Mystery. 13 West, Max. The Inheritance Tax, revised edition.. 49 Wheelock, Elizabeth M. Stories of Wagner Operas.. 251 Whitaker, Herman. The Settler ... 45 Whitaker, Walter C. Richard Hooker Wilmer. 215 "Who's Who," 1908.. 112 “Who's Who in America," 1908. 314 “Who Is Who in Insurance". 316 Wiedersheim, Robert. Comparative Anatomy of Ver- tebrates, third English edition.. 249 Williams, E. Crawshay. Across Persia. 106 Williams, H. Noel. A Princess of Intrigue. 180 Willmott, Robert A. Pleasures of Literature, new edition 20 Winslow, Helen M. Spinster Farm. 336 Woodhull, Marianna. The Epic of Paradise Lost. 78 Woodward, Ida. In and Around the Isle of Purbeck. 348 Workman, Fanny B., and William H. Ice-Bound Heights of the Mustagh. 346 "World's Classics". 217, 281 Wormeley, Katharine P. Memoirs of Monsieur Claude 77 Wylde, C. H. How to Collect Continental China... 138 Wyllie, Bertie. Sheffield Plate.... 81 MISCELLANEOUS “Bibliophile, The”. 217 Chicester, Charles F., Death of. 139 De Amicis, Edmondo, Death of. 217 Ewald, Carl, Death of. 217 Fiction in the Boston and Trenton Libraries. Purd B. Wright.. 236 "Gawming" or "Gorming.' Roswell Field. 125 "Gawming" or "Gorming," More Definitions of. H010- ard Mansfield ... 170 Goal, An Unreached. Katharine H. Austin. 204 Goldsmith's “Vicar," An Alleged Prototype of. Charles Welsh. 125 Hart, Schaffner & Marx Prize Essays, Announcement for 1908 252 Heath, Daniel Collamore, Death of. 113 "Hibbert Journal, The". 252 Houghton Mifflin Company, Announcement of Incor- poration of 252 "International Review, The". 21 Librarlan, The Old-fashioned. Arthur L. Bailey... 95 "Librarian, The Old-fashioned," Once More. Thomas H. Briggs... 170 Libraries and Book-Lovers. Margaret Vance. 236 Libraries, Smaller, Problems of the. Thomas H. Briggs 68 Library Circulation in England and America. James Duff Brown.. 95 Library Classification, Variations in. G. R. H. 204 Mississippi Valley Historical Association, Formation of the. 282 Percy, Earl, Some Boston Contemporaries of. Sara Andrew Shafer... 124 Principal Caird of Glasgow -A Correction. Thomas Kilpatrick 95 Nelson, Henry Loomis, Death of. 183 THE CARNEE LIST THE PA. STATES FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume XLIV. EDITED BY ان دندان THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY. JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information CHICAGO, JAN. 1, 1908. 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. {1 FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. No. 517. BOOKS OF 1907 TOVI DESTINED TO BECOME PERMANENT . THE ART OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING By HUMPHRY REPTON A valuable record of the experiences of the founder of landscape gardening. The book is of practical value to landscape architects and those interested in the laying out of great estates. Know your Repton."-SEDDINGS. Fully illustrated. $3.00 net; postage 20 cents. GREECE AND THE ÆGEAN ISLANDS By PHILIP S. 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Illustrated in color by Alice Barber Stephens. $1.50. THE PULSE OF ASIA By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON “Not merely a record of sightseeing in hitherto unknown lands. It is undoubtedly a distinct valuable contribution equally to the department of science and travel.”- Boston Transcript. Fully illustrated. $3.50 net; postage 23 cents. AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS By ROYAL CORTISSOZ As interesting as it is scholarly and convincing, an essay that is thoroughly enjoyable." — Outlook (New York). Profusely illustrated. $7.50 net; postage 30 cents. ABRAHAM LINCOLN By CARL SCHURZ and TRUMAN H. BARTLETT “This book should meet with the widest appreciation. It studies Lincoln from a suggestive point of view, and throws light upon his personality for which Americans should be grateful." - New York Tribune. 4to. $10.00 net, postpaid. JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER By BLISS PERRY A centenary memoir of the poet, together with the chief autobiographical and other poems which most perfectly illustrate his career. Professor Perry's introductory sketch gives a fresh and informing portrayal of Whittier's life, and points out the significance of his poetry for American readers. With portraits. 75c. net; postage 7c. STORIES TO TELL TO CHILDREN By SARA CONE BRYANT "The stories are fresh and bright. They are of the kind which children will beg to be told over and over." School Journal (New York). $1.00 net, postpaid. 60 .. 4 PARK STREET BOSTON HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY 85 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK 2 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL NEW OXFORD PUBLICATIONS OXFORD Prayer Books and Hymnals THE THE OXFORD MOST NOW READY SIX NEW EDITIONS Oxford Black Face Type Bibles Model Large-Type Editions in Handy Sizes. JUST ISSUED Oxford Pictorial Palestine Bibles No Fancy or Imaginary Pictures THE BEST ILLUSTRATED BIBLE MADE From 55 Cents upwards- A Difficult Feat Accomplished NOW READY A LARGE-TYPE VEST POCKET EDITION OF The Four Gospels IN ONE VOLUME. Minion, 32mo; Black Faced Type; Printed on Oxford India Paper; Size 45 x 25% inches; also THE FOUR GOSPELS AND PSALMS AND THE BOOK OF PSALMS Uniform with above. From 60 Cents upwards. PRAYER BOOKS EXQUISITE AND EDITIONS HYMNALS YET ARE PRODUCED. JUST ISSUED The Life of Christ in Recent Research By WILLIAM SANDAY, D.D., LL.D., Litt.D. 8vo. Cloth, $1.75 net CONTENTS The Symbolism of the Bible Miracles Twenty Years of Research Atonement and Personality Survey and Criticism of Current Views The Gospel in the Gospels The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ as Expressed in the Gospels The Gospel According to St. Paul The Most Recent Literature A Sermon on Angels THE WORLD'S CLASSICS 18mo, Cloth, 40 Cents; Leather, Limp, 75 Cents Re-Issue of a Superb Pocket Edition on thin paper, reducing the former bulk by one-half. THE HORKS OF BURKE 6 E VOLI PORKS AMISSOR POŁTICAL THE THE CLAUCERS OF BURKE WARLOTTE WORKS PRONTE VOLD THE PROFESSOR C BRONTE POEMS THE POETICAL WORKS OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER VOL.111 VOLI FORMS HENRY TROWDE BNR EROWDE MENEY TROWTE FLERY New Style Size 6x4 INCHES Old Style These miracles of publishing are both the cheapest and the most charming series of classics in existence." The best recommendation and feature of THE WORLD'S CLASSICS are the books themselves, which have earned unstinted praise from all the leading critics and the public. Upwards of 1% million copies have been sold. For Sale by all Booksellers. Send for Catalogue. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, American Branch, 91 and 93 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK CITY 1908.] 3 THE DIAL Beautiful and Permanent Library Books Published by A. C. McCLURG & CO. Chicago The Prairie Classics A Series of Uniform Reprints of the Standard Writers of Fiction. Each volume with frontispiece in colors by George Alfred Williams. Size 472 x 7 inches. Each net $1.00. Although there are many editions of the standard authors, and new ones are constantly appearing, this is the only uniform handy-volume edition of the great writers of fiction in uniform typography and make-up and at a uniform price... The volumes ready are : “Tale of Two Cities,” “Oliver Twist, “ Ivanhoe,” and “ Kenilworth.' Such an edition will certainly be welcomed by readers who wish to have in their libraries the classics in a compact, readable, and attractive form." – Boston Journal. Venice Part II. The Golden Age. By POMPEO MOLMENTI Translated from the Italian by Horatio F. Brown. Two vols., 8vo, with many illustra- tions, frontispieces in color and gold. Part I. (ready) The Middle Ages; Part III. (ready Fall 1908) The Decadence. Per part, net $5.00; half vellum, net $7.50. “One may place these volumes, in good faith, on the shelves with those histories which endure the test of time." - The Chicago Tribune. Literary Rambles in France By M. 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How to Identify Old Chinese Porcelain By MRS. WILLOUGHBY HODGSON With 40 illustrations, 12mo, net $2.00. “A book that will prove of great value to the collector.”. Cleveland Plain Dealer. Old Oak Furniture By FRED ROE Frontispiece in color. Many illustrations, 8vo, net $3.00. “A book which will be gratefully received by those who find their pleasure in the collection of this variety of antiques.' Cleveland Plain Dealer. “The chapter on Forgeries of Old Oak' is worth many times the price of the book."- Boston Herald. The Great Plains - 1527-1870 By RANDALL PARRISH Profusely illustrated. 8vo, net $1.75. In this book Mr. Parrish has aimed to present some of the romantic and picturesque features of the Great West in an interesting and historically accurate manner. “It is seldom, indeed, that we find a splendid subject so comprehensively treated in one small volume, so rich in suggestive incident, and withal so illuminating to our understanding.” — - Chicago Evening Post. The Campaign of Santiago de Cuba By H. H. SARGENT, U.S. A. Three volumes, with 12 maps. 12mo. The set, net $5.00. This is an exhaustive treatise on the conduct of that decisive event, from the standpoint of a skilled observer, whose authority on such matters is accepted by the military world. We do not hesitate to call it the most valuable and useful contribution that has been made to Spanish War literature.' --New York Evening Sun. A Handbook of the Philippines By HAMILTON M. WRIGHT With maps and 150 illustrations. 12mo, net $1.40. Mr. Wright recently travelled throughout the islands in order to make a complete report to the Manufacturers' and Producers' Association of San Francisco, and in his book he has confined himself to statements of fact. “It is safe to say that this book goes further toward satisfying the enterprising and inquiring American mind than any which has been written or projected.” — Chicago Daily News. 4 [Jan. 1, 1908. THE DIAL New and Important College Text-Books ALGEBRA By MAXIME BÔCHER, Professor of Mathematics in Harvard University. Introduction to Higher Algebra Prepared for publication with the coöperation of E. P. R. DUVAL, Instructor in Mathematics in the University of Wisconsin. Cloth, 321 8vo pages, $1.90 net. AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS By A. T. LINCOLN, Ph., D., Univ. of Illinois, and J. H. WALTON, Jr., Ph.D., Univ. of Wisconsin. Exercises in Elementary Quantitative Chemical Analysis A presentation of the fundamental methods carried out in the laboratories of American experiment stations. Cloth, 8vo, 218 pages, $2 figures, $1.50 net. CALCULUS By WILLIAM F. OSGOOD. Professor of Mathematics in Harvard University. A First Course in the Differential and Integral Calculus The book is based on the courses which the author has given at Harvard for a number of years. Cloth, 12mo, 423 pages, 125 figures, $2.00 net. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY By Dr. ROBERT WIEDERSHEIM and W. N. PARKER, Ph.D. Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates Third Edition based on the Sixth German Edition. 496 pages, with 372 figures, a Bibliography and Index. Cloth, $3.75 net. ENGLISH LITERATURE By RICHARD G. MOULTON, University of Chicago (Editor). The Modern Reader's Bible in one volume The accepted text is in no degree "tampered with.” It is presented in accord with the sane supposition that an educated man prefers to read history, poetry, and the drama in the customary forms of such literature, and not in formless arbitrarily numbered paragraphs. Cloth, 12mo, $2.00 net; by mail, $2.18. ENGLISH LITERARY CRITICISM By WILLIAM T. BREWSTER, Professor of English in Columbia University (Editor). Specimens of Modern English Literary Criticism Edited with Introduction and Notes. Cloth, 359 pages, with index. $1.00 net. GEOLOGY By WILLIAM B. SCOTT, Ph.D., LL.D., Princeton University. An Introduction to Geology Cloth, 12mo, 816 pages, with index, $2.60 net. A new edition, revised throughout, with numerous illustrations from drawings, and from many new photographs. By JOHN BATES CLARK, Professor of Political Economy in Columbia University. POLITICAL ECONOMY Essentials of Economic Theory As Applied to Modern Problems of Industry and Public Policy. Cloth, 561 pages, with index, $2.00 net. PSYCHOLOGY By ROBERT M. YERKES, Ph.D., Instructor in Comparative Psychology in Harvard University. The Dancing Mouse A Study in Animal Behavior. An interesting study of the habits of these little pets, and their susceptibility of training which might give them a place in courses on comparative psychology such as the frog holds in courses in comparative anatomy. 290 pages, illustrated, index, $1.25. IN PREPARATION By HENRY CREW, Ph.D., Northwestern University. By HANNIS TAYLOR, formerly Minister to Spain. College Physics Probably ready in February. The Science of Jurisprudence By ULRIC DAHLGREN, M.S., Asst. Prof. of Biology, Princeton University. A College Text-Book of Animal Histology By MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN, Vassar College. The Animal Mind A second volume in the Animal Behaviour Series. PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 5th Ave., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . . • . . No. 517. JANUARY 1, 1908. Vol. XLIV. and hold to its moorings despite the angry onset of winds and waves. There is much, indeed, in . CONTENTS: the recorded experience of both England and America to warrant our complacency in this THE JAUNDICED EYE . respect, and we have achieved many victories of THE TWO WORLDS. Charles Leonard Moore 7 civilization in peaceful ways when a more tur- CASUAL COMMENT 9 bulent stock would have thought bloodshed the An English Hall of Fame. - Whittier relies at necessary accompaniment and consecration. Haverhill. — Genius in distress. — The perennial But a nation, no less than an individual, has book-pilferer. — The popular patronage of public libraries. — An octogenarian Shakespeare scholar. a character that is subject to modifications, and - Mr. James's revision of his early novels. — Vol these modifications, insensible in their daily or unteer work in library inspection. -- A favorite New England story-writer. - Competition in book yearly effect, may in time come to acquire a circulation. — Portable reading-rooms. New edi cumulative impetus that will prove formidable, tions of “ Alice in Wonderland." and will threaten what have hitherto been THE LETTERS OF A WITTY PARSON. Percy thought to be the very bulwarks of the nation's F. Bicknell .. 11 life. Principles and ideals that have stood in THE HEART OF HAMLET'S MYSTERY. Charles seeming integrity for generations may succumb H. A. Wager 13 to corrosive influences that have been working ENGLAND'S AMERICAN PROVINCES AND HER upon them in silence and concealment until the IMPERIAL CONTROL. St. George Leakin column has become a shell and the corner-stone Sioussat 14 a honeycomb. We had some startling revela- A FINANCIER OF THE CIVIL WAR. C. H. tions in this sense a few years ago, when we Cooper 15 discovered that the Declaration of Independence CANADA FROM A FRENCH VIEW-POINT. was to be held as naught in the presence of the Lawrence J. Burpee 17 opportunity to subjugate a foreign people, and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 18 that the Monroe Doctrine had suffered a sea- A beautiful new tree-book. - Positivism as the change, being transformed from a statement of philosophy of common-sense. - Life of a colonial worthy.--Some historic legal contests. The rela- mutual international obligations into an arrogant tions of bookkeeping and economics.--Conversation pronouncement of national selfishness. With as an educator. -A handbook of the microscope.- these and other developments of recent years in Short studies in life and literature. - The allure- ments of a literary life. mind, we may hardly lay to our souls the flat- BRIEFER MENTION are immune to the tering unction that we 20 temptations that lead other nations into the NOTES 21 paths of vainglorious folly. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 21 Colonel Higginson once informed us that the possession of an added drop of nervous fluid marked our national differentiation from THE JAUNDICED EYE. the parent stock, and made us a superior people. It has long been the fashion for writers of our We may admit the added element without being English race, from the vantage-ground of a altogether sure that its physiological action is conservatism assumed (without very close in for good. There are some indications, in fact, quiry) as our peculiar birthright, to speak in that it makes for instability and bad temper slighting or scornful terms of the fickleness of and irrational conduct. If we are lacking in the multitude as exemplified in the history of the power to see life steadily and see it whole, other peoples. Ancient Athenians and modern to that extent we become prone to prejudice and Frenchmen have served alike to point the moral, deaf to the counsels of sobriety. And grave and the study of their history gives repeated problems are pressing upon us, quite as grave warning of the dangers that flow from instability as any we have faced in the past, which demand of purpose. It is only the firmly-anchored char for their solution the unprejudiced outlook and acter that may withstand the tempests of passion, the sober judgment. We are called upon to . 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL grapple with corruption in business and politics, and financial affairs (with the strong implication with social injustice, and with the ethical an that nothing but dishonesty is to be found in archy that attends the breaking up of outworn those quarters) has now for several years been religious systems. To work regeneration in a favorite theme of the novelists, who explain these departments of activity is our twentieth the inner workings of bank and railway and century task, and it is as big a task as we have insurance corporations, of market manipulators, ever been called upon to undertake. Our chief and of industrial establishments, with a thorough- danger will be found in the spirit of recklessness, ness that quite convinces the average reader that for the eagerness of unbalanced reformers for the real thing is under his observation. It is immediate results is likely to destroy the good particularly noble of these novelists thus to waste with the bad, and to set back our civilization in themselves upon precept when they might be the very name of progress. enjoyed in practice, for even the profits accruing A foreigner who should judge us by our news from a “ best seller are trifling in comparison papers, and especially by such of our newspapers with the profits of the enterprises under their con- as have the largest circulation, would be bound sideration, and it is quite evident that commercial to set us down as one of the most emotional of success would be in their grasp if only they cared peoples in our dealings with the graver issues to reach for it. No one so familiar with the ways of life. The success of those journals is so of thievery could fail to hold his own in the game clearly due to their sensational appeal, their of wits which these writers assume all business cheap sentimentalism, and their flattery of the to be. mob, that it becomes pertinent to ask if they Political corruption is another hard-worked have not gauged their public with a fair degree theme of these reformers by example. Their of discernment. This impression finds further method, with slight variations, is to show us the emphasis in the very marked recent tendency successful politician surrounded by his hench- of our weekly and monthly periodicals to aban men, and, by means of intimidation or bribery, don their old-time traditional dignity and copy holding the public in the hollow of his hand. the sensation-mongering methods of the daily When this picture is drawn in detail, the modern press. And when we find the novelists marking David appears upon the scene, and the pebble out their course upon the same lines, we may from his sling does the rest. Goliath is laid feel pretty sure that a new social force is at low, and the situation receives peculiar piquancy work, likely in the long run to have very con if he has a daughter whom David loves. The siderable consequences. federal judge (who is in reality the most inde- It is of the novelists that we wish particularly pendent official in our entire system) is a favor- to speak, for so many of them have turned ite victim of the sort of novel now in question, tractarian of late that the most fetching title is and the villainy which his mask of dignity con- nowadays more likely than not to label some ceals is relentlessly exposed. social nostrum or other, or to return an indict All this muck-raking has two unfortunate ment of some phase of our national life, or to consequences. It presents as a whole a picture preach, with hardly an effort to disguise it, some of our national life that is absolutely untypical, new doctrinaire gospel. An excellent example however exactly an occasional instance may is Mr. Herbert Quick's “ The Broken Lance,” exemplify it. The foreign observer, reading of which keeps within the lines of legitimate fiction this welter of corruption and crime in which until the reader is fairly committed, and then our novelists so delightedly plunge us, get an becomes an exhibition of the peculiar form of impression as false as that which we, for exam- monomania known to readers of single-tax liter- ple, get of French life from the study of modern ature. The adoption of a new form of taxation French fiction. Taking a more practical view is to prove the panacea for all the ills of society; of this consequence, it may be remarked that and those ills, of course, are skilfully aggravated the foreigner, reading a lurid account of our to make the application of the remedy seem the meat-packing industry, renounces our steaks more urgent. Another illustration is found in and sausages; reading of our insurance “ graft- “ The Convert,” by Miss Elizabeth Robins, whoers," he cancels his policies in American com- finds the primal source of all wrong (as far as panies; and reading of our piratical railway women is concerned) in the fact that the strong financiers, he dumps his stocks on the market. and selfish sex insists upon keeping political The other consequence, and the more serious rights within its own control. of the two, is that the novelists who thus lend The exploitation of dishonesty in business themselves to sensationalism are deliberately 1908.] 7 THE DIAL putting themselves into alliance with the yellow are two thousand novels published and plays brought journalism which is our chief national disgrace, out in England every year. It is also reasonable and are fomenting the evil passions of greed and to estimate that each one of these productions con- envy which already show ominous signs of tains, on an average, two members of the nobility breaking bounds and sweeping away the old among its characters. This would be more than ten landmarks of law and justice. times the membership of the House of Lords. And as the fictive creation of titles has been going on If we cannot exhibit more restraint, even in for generations, the actual holders of hereditary our popular literature, than we have shown of honors in England must have been overwritten late, we may as well give up our pretension of many hundred times deep. England would have superior national poise and sobriety. Impulse to be enlarged to the size of Africa, to hold all the and recklessness could not much further go estates the wizards of the pen have crowded into it. than we have already allowed them to go in the And the great poets, artists, soldiers, statesmen, and late onslaught upon our social system. Under Under financiers who have been projected by the literary the specious plea of attacking privilege, funda- | imagination would make a population for a consider- mental right is being assailed on every hand, to able city. The shining ones of life are the favorites say nothing of the many special assaults upon of fiction, and every real personage of this kind individualism. The tyranny of the majority, himself, whereas the average or less than average must go attended by a crowd of airy phantoms of of which Herbert Spencer made such dire citizen has not one chance in ten thousand of being prophecies, gets worse and worse, and every ex- confronted by his ghost-like similar. tension of this despotism is made in the name It is impossible really to separate the creations of of philanthropy. But, as Ibsen said, and the Historical Muse from those of her more imagina- Emerson long before him, all these things tive sisters. Clio wears the same clothes and uses the aimed at by half-educated reformers are the same instrument of expression as Melpomene or merest externals, and could accomplish, even Erato. They all depend on words to convince or were they turned in the right direction, no real inspire mankind. We say, indeed, that history is true and literature is fiction; but in the first place regeneration. “I do not wish to remove from this is a large and unestablished claim; and in the my present prison to a prison a little larger," second place, literature, being as a rule wrought by said Emerson, “I wish to break all prisons." the greater hands, makes a deeper and more lasting There is nothing that we more need as a nation impression on us. impression on us. Achilles is more dazzlingly splen- than a stout reaffirmation of the first principles did than Alexander; Trimalchio is more real than of individualism, a substitution of clear vision Tiberius. But the two forms of human record are for the present jaundiced gaze of too many everlastingly confused. Fiction deals largely with among us, and a new realization of the fact the personages and facts of history, and history that reforms made by precipitation or violence borrows the interpretive and dramatic devices of lit- erature. are apt to cost more than they are worth. Historic evidence, indeed, is hardly more than a jest. That certain incidents occurred and certain people lived in the past is sure; but the causes and details of those incidents and the motives THE TWO WORLDS. and personalities of those actors are wrapped in obscurity and open to the interpretation of every Has anyone ever made a census of the beings born new historian. of words — counted the population of that kingdom Literature is defined as an imitation of life, and of the imagination which hovers above our heads in its world is usually conceived as a sort of a mirage air, or invisibly occupies the spaces of the earth ? of reality. In recent times, the nearer it can get A “Who's Who" of the gods and godesses, heroes to the prose and placidness of ordinary life, the and heroines, villains and merrymen of literature, better it is thought to succeed. But even in the would be a huge affair. All the Mythological hands of the most accomplished apostle of ennui, Dictionaries, all the lists of folk-lore creations, literature, by reason of its necessary concentration would have to be emptied into it. All the inhab and selectiveness, is different from life. It is life itants of Playland and Poemland and Novelland reflected in the medium of a single artist's brain would have to be mustered and marshalled in its colored by his moods, changed by his passions and pages. To the ordinary well-read man, the world prejudices, charged with the impressions of all he of fiction is like the sky on a clear night. A few has learned of the past, imitative of the work of thousand bright stars are visible, while countless preceding artists. Books beget books, and char- others are unseen or show only in the congregated acters create characters. The Poor Parson in gleam of the Milky Way. Chaucer, Fielding's Parson Adams, the Vicar of One curious result of such an enumeration would Wakefield, My Uncle Toby, Dominie Sampson, and be to reveal that in some directions the people of Mr. Pickwick are in lineal descent. No two writers fancy overcount reality. It is safe to say that there give us the report of the same life in the same way. 8 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL life one. none French life as depicted by Hugo and Dumas is a Louis XIV. impose themselves on literature, dictate contradiction, a destroying contrast. The New the tastes and forms which the artists must follow. England scenes of Hawthorne and of Mrs. Freeman Women like Cleopatra, or Mary Queen of Scots, are equally things apart. Literature surely depends carry after them a still longer train of poet-worship- more upon the author's gift of vision, his inner per pers. Great events like the Persian War, the con- sonality, and his skill in language, than it does upon quests of Cæsar, or the Crucifixion, employ the pens the raw materials of nature and humanity upon of multitudes. On the other hand, great embodi- which he works. Real life, indeed, is hardly more ments of humanity risen from some unknown depth of than the peg upon which he hangs the draperies of dreaming thought —Job, Prometheus, Don Quixote, his thought. Hamlet, to name no others, — create action in their It follows that the laws of real life are inappli- turn, become bone of the bone, flesh of the flesh of cable to literature. I do not mean by “laws” the the world. Werther, a projection of Goethe's per- actual possibilities and certain consequences of human sonality, swept half Germany off its feet by its action, though literature can transgress those also, revolt and sentimentality. And it is impossible to — but the rules and conventions of good behavior. say how much the spirit of Napoleon, and hence the Spenser passes for a moral poet, but he draws the fates of nations, was influenced by Macpherson's picture of a sensual paradise which if it could be Ossian. Of course, if we accept the dictum, which realized in our midst would be shut up by the police. is at the root of modern science and philosophy, Sophocles is the most noble-minded of the Greeks, that “there is nothing in the mind but what the but in his Edipus he tells a story so shocking that senses put there," we must refer the creations of the it could hardly be whispered about in ordinary con mind back to experience, and so make literature and versation. The peculiar sphere of literature, indeed, But the dictum is not true. The eternal is the outré, the violent, the exceptional, the unre laws of thought are in the mind, and the germs of strained. It deals by preference with passions, origination and difference. If this were not so, all vices, crimes, which we try to restrain in real life. minds would be pretty much alike; for they all go And it pictures these in the most vivid way, isolating through pretty much the same experience. and toning up to them; whereas in life they are so Is literature, then, a creation? M. Rodin, the largely diluted with commonplace as to be hardly great French sculptor -- I do not say realistic noticed. Of course, literature also deals with the sculptor, for he is too universal for such a label - noble and the virtuous side of life, and perhaps this brushes the idea aside with the remark that " side is the corrective of the other. But if it obeyed but fools imagine we create.” Is that so? There the laws we draw up to guide life, it would deal is M. Rodin's Balzac. Without denying its power, with good alone. Yet in the larger view I do not all opinion asserts that the statue is not like Balzac, believe its exploitation of evil does any harm. An or anybody else. For any resemblance to reality, imaginative boy will go through a course of reading M. Rodin might just as well have carved a chimera in English literature, — will follow the fortunes of or a snark. If, then, a man produces something the rakes and roués of Elizabethan and Restoration which was never in the world before, and which but comedy, will take purses with Claude Duval and for him would never have existed, is it not very gallop the roads with Dick Turpin, and come near to our idea of creation ? Art springs from the through the ordeal more pure and honest than an marriage of experience and revery. It is true that if unlettered youth who has only known the expe a man goes on copying and reproducing the work of riences of practical life. The imaginative boy has past artists, his efforts will lack that freshness and common-sense. He does not take the apparitions of newness which are the signs of creative work. But fancy for the solid appearances of the world. he will also lose this freshness and newness if he all need stimulus and intoxication, and when we can copies, without inspiration, the frail, dull figures of get these things from literature we can largely dis- humanity. To my mind, M. Rodin's statues are the pense with them in life. The whole domain of most ideal of modern times. the ones most informed fairy-tale, folk-lore, mythological legend, and outré with thought, inspired beyond the semblance of life. invention, is a play or game of mankind by which I am disposed to think that the highest kind of it tries to divert its mind from its cares and dul- creative intellect does not allow itself to be much dis- It is a make-believe by which it seeks to turbed by reality. The man himself may be pitch- impose on its own credulity an impossible ideal of forked into all kinds of action, but he does not take its own power and achievements. experience greedily or readily. A few forms or Yet the action and reaction of life and literature movements of life he seizes upon, and with these he are as sure as the tides. Sometimes life, by means retires into his cave, and, brooding over them — of dæmonically gifted personages or overwhelming aërating them with his own imaginations, twisting successions or combinations of events, draws litera and twining them into a thousand shapes — he ture after it, - makes poets its slavish and usually finally produces the new thing which we recognize insignificant copyists. Sometimes great figures, tre as the work of genius. Solitude is the prerequisite mendous actions, are projected, “all made out of for all great work. It is only the warrior who sulks the Carver's brain," and influence men at once or in his tent who can turn the tide of battle with a single perennially. Men like Pericles, or Augustus, or shout. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. We nesses. 1908.] 9 THE DIAL names soul together, at last became so discouraged that he CASUAL COMMENT. decided to end his wretched existence. Saving up his AN ENGLISH HALL OF FAME now threatens to cause pitiful little earnings until he had enough money to buy as much discussion and fault-finding as has the similar a dose of lauda im, he retired with his precious pur- temple to renown in this country. The dome of the chase to his chosen haunt in Covent Garden Market and re-decorated and recently re-opened British Museum proceeded to drink the poison; but he had taken only reading-room is divided into twenty spaces, of which half when, according to his own account, his hand was a clock occupies one, while to the nineteen others are arrested, and lo! Chatterton stood by his side dissuad- assigned nineteen “ the greatest and most ing him from the rash deed. The would-be suicide representative in English literature -chosen by the gave heed, recalling how barely the other had missed Museum trustees. The names raised to lasting honor the aid and comfort that were on their way to him even in that stately dome are Chaucer, Caxton, Tindale, as he was drinking that fatal dose of arsenic and water Spenser, Shakespeare, Bacon, Milton, Locke, Addison, in the attic chamber of No. 39 Brooke Street. And Swift, Pope, Gibbon, Wordsworth, Scott, Byron, Carlyle, so, in Thompson's case, it proved that an editor who Macaulay, Tennyson, and Browning. Glaring omissions had published some of the poet's verses and wished to. will at once be noted by everyone, but no two amended pay him, had that very day succeeded in tracing him to lists will exactly agree. In general, the exclusion of the chemist's shop where the laudanum had been novelists will excite comment and criticism. Scott, to bought. . The story, whether fact or fiction, makes one be sure, is snatched from oblivion; but only because he regret that its hero did not live to enjoy an honored old wrote some excellent poetry before he produced still age, and also illustrates anew the old adage that it is better prose. The trustees regard fiction as “ less import- always darkest just before dawn. ant than any other branch of literary art.” Exemplary Britons ! Tindale and Locke and Addison are duly grate THE PERENNIAL BOOK-PILFERER, a hardy perennial if ful: before a bench of judges more appreciative of the there ever was one, continues to vex the authorities of flower of imaginative literature their claims might have open-shelf libraries. Our largest public library, that of suffered. But even counting out Fielding, Dickens, and Boston, loses somewhat over a thousand volumes yearly Thackeray, we note with some surprise' and regret the through theft — all the branch libraries being included absence of Goldsmith, Johnson, Burns, Shelley, and in making up this total. But since some hundreds are Keats, not to speak of Dryden, Bunyan, Burke, and annually returned as surreptitiously as they were bor- Ruskin. Still, we are thankful, on the whole, that the rowed, the final showing is less disheartening than are responsibility of selecting the nineteen greatest names the figures published at the end of each year. Thus, in English literature was not placed upon our shoulders. of books reported missing at the central library, 240 were unostentatiously replaced on the shelves in 1902, WHITTIER RELICS AT HAVERHILL were on exhibition 389 in 1903, 336 in 1904, 304 in 1905, and 251 in 1906. in abundance at the celebration there of his hundredth Moreover, there is some comfort in the official assurance birthday; but the most interesting display of Whittierana " that the books taken are principally of the cheaper was at the public library, in the building that the poet sort, that many of them are books taken by children, himself helped to dedicate thirty-two years ago when and that in numerous instances they are taken not he wrote for the occasion his now familiar poem, “The primarily by theft, but through informal or irregular Library,” which was set to music by B. J. Lang and sung borrowing, in disregard of the proper rules relating to at the dedicatory exercises. Except one private collec- charging upon a library card. It is also clear, from tion, the Haverhill accumulation of Whittier books and our experience, that many books taken from the open manuscripts and other matter is probably the largest in shelves, no doubt with the intention of returning them, existence. It contains more than three hundred items, never are returned; probably being thrown aside or including of course most of the editions of the poet's forgotten by the irresponsible persons who took them.” writings and (most valuable of all) a file of the “ Haver The irregular borrowing of a book for purposes of hill Gazette,” to which Whittier contributed the greater reading or study is a venial offence compared with the number of his early poems, often under an assumed name. taking of a rare edition to fill a gap in one's private How many of his obscurely published poems have never collection, or with appropriating an expensive volume been collected or even identified, no one can tell; but in order to raise money by its sale. their number must be large. The entire collection at the Haverhill library, with its suggestion of much still THE POPULAR PATRONAGE OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES uncollected matter, impresses the observer with the appears to be fully twice as great in this country as in modest Quaker poet's great and ready productivity. Great Britain a gratifying testimonial to the practical Verse must have been, indeed, from his very youth, the efficiency of our highly-developed system of library most natural medium of expression to this American management. Mr. J. Duff Brown has made a digest poet. of the reports of three hundred public libraries in the GENIUS IN DISTRESS is always a moving spectacle - United Kingdom; and from this digest we learn that of except, perhaps, when the sufferer comes knocking the population supplied with free libraries only about at our own door with a petition for relief. A story six per cent have registered as borrowers, only two and now current concerning the unfortunate poet Francis 'one-half per cent visit the reading rooms, and the average Thompson, whose death was recently reported from number of books drawn annually by each borrower is London, has elements of pathos and also a touch of the three. While no corresponding statistics of our own marvellous, the supernatural, and the ghostly. Prob libraries are available, yet the figures published by ably the tale has lost nothing in the telling, but it is several of them separately make a comparatively cred- said that poor Thompson, whose fortunes once reached itable showing. Thus, according to late reports, the so low an ebb that he even resorted to match-selling number of registered borrowers in Boston is about thir- and to cab-calling at theatre doors to keep body and teen per cent, in Brooklyn about seventeen, in Queens- 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL of her age borough and in Louisville the same, in Grand Rapids the same time would save to the public a considerable sixteen, in Bridgeport ten, while in some of the smaller sum that could better be spent in carrying into effect communities the percentage rises to forty and fifty. such plans of enlargement and improvement as they Even the lowest of these figures is far above the British might find reason to recommend. This work of inspec- average; but after all it is to be regretted, and also to tion, which is said to cost the State of Wisconsin about be wondered at, that it is not higher. If all who refused $15,000 a year, is now engaged in by fifteen or twenty to avail themselves of their public-library privileges were efficient volunteers in Massachusetts, all bending their to unite and to vote a suspension of the public appro efforts to the same end and following the same general priation for library support, what a cloud of intellectual rules, with gratifying results already manifest. In darkness would overspread the land ! further support of the new plan, it is said that visits of hired officials are not so cordially received by librarians AN OCTOGENARIAN SHAKESPEARE SCHOLAR whom as those of persons giving their time and thought solely many will delight to honor with at least a silent tribute for the good of the libraries. of admiration and good will as he enters on his ninth decade of useful years, is Dr. William J. Rolfe, of A FAVORITE NEW ENGLAND STORY-WRITER who, Cambridge-our Cambridge, the public library of which with Miss Sarah Orne Jewett and Mrs. Mary E. Wilkins has just issued a forty-page bibliography of Rolfiana, Freeman, has the happy knack of presenting Yankee if we may coin the word. In a chronological arrange character and Yankee eccentricity in most lifelike guise, ment are given the books and other published writings has recently passed one of the more important milestones of Dr. Rolfe, the articles written about him, and addi set up along the road to remind us of our mortality. tional miscellaneous matters. It is interesting to learn Miss Alice Brown has no silly sensitiveness on the score that this veteran of the pen began to write at fourteen, there is convincing evidence to prove this his first pieces being short reports for Lowell news but let it here suffice that she has lived an aliquot part papers. From 1850 to 1868 be devoted the best of his of a century, and we hope she may live the remaining energies to teaching. Cambridge has been his home part or parts, to continue to delight the world with the since 1862, and for the last forty years he has been products of her fertile pen. In this hope the readers of mainly engaged in editorial and other literary work, “Rose MacLeod,” her serial story now appearing in and in lecturing, holding for the last four years the “ The Atlantic," are surely with us. presidency of the Emerson College of Oratory, in Boston. Best known to the general public as the editor COMPETITION IN BOOK CIRCULATION among libraries of Shakespeare's plays in most handy and serviceable is not always a laudable rivalry. It might, conceivably, form, he enjoys among the learned the reputation of a lead very easily to the fostering of a sort of sham circu- leading Shakespeare scholar. “ We cannot hold mor lation; that is, attachés and friends of the library would tality's strong hand,” but we can hope its touch may find no difficulty in swelling the circulation statistics of not for many a year be laid on that busy pen. an ambitious librarian by drawing books oftener and in greater numbers than their actual needs required. The MR. JAMES'S REVISION HIS EARLY NOVELS is Examining Committee of the Boston Public Library awaited with curiosity. The announcement that he was reports that competition in this matter among the branch to re-write them so far as it should be found necessary libraries is too keen, and recommends that only the total in order to bring them into harmony with his later man- circulation of all the branches be published. Emphasis ner, was a rather extraordinary bit of literary news. ought really to be placed on the quality rather than the The desirability of a uniform edition of his motley-clad quantity of the reading. works, with a preface from his own hand to each vol- PORTABLE READING-ROOMs are among the innovations ume, is felt by librarians and booksellers as well as by recommended in the Boston Public Library's interesting would-be private possessors of his complete writings; · Fifty-fourth Annual Report.” The city already has but not a few readers, recalling the simple charm of portable school-houses, and “ travelling libraries” were “ Daisy Miller” and “Roderick Hudson,” will cherish long ago sent abroad on their beneficent journeys a hope that these and other early romances of his may through the land; and now it is believed that portable not be retold in the manner of “The Ambassadors ” or reading-rooms “would prove serviceable in outlying and “ The Golden Bowl.” “ Who am I that I should tam- in tenement districts." This plan, the reverse of lead- per with a classic ?” asked a young author when ing the horse to the watering-trough, has much to com- requested to revise a bit of his own work. There are mend it. The proposed structures, besides tending to those who would resent the re-clothing of “ Daisy counteract the allurements of drinking-saloons and other Miller " in more studied and elaborate dress very much low resorts, would presumably serve as distributing as the young folk of all Christendom would cry out stations of books for home use. against any recasting of the tale of “Little Red Riding Hood.” Let Mr. James respect the classics, even those NEW EDITIONS OF “ ALICE IN WONDERLAND ” are from his own pen. falling thick and fast from the press. From London VOLUNTEER WORK LIBRARY INSPECTION is pro alone word comes of five such issues — all due to the ducing good results in Massachusetts, that one State in recent expiration of the 42-years copyright which the the Union whose every town enjoys free-library privi- book has enjoyed under the law. Whether any healthy, leges. The idea was conceived by Mr. Tillinghast, normal child under the age of fifteen can see aught but chairman of the public library commission, that a corps foolishness in this delicious masterpiece, will never be of volunteer, unpaid inspectors, men and women disin positively determined; but certain it is that fun-loving terestedly desirous of improving the free libraries in adults will always keep a warm place in their hearts their neighborhood, and possessed of the requisite for Alice. She ought now to make hosts of new friends qualifications for the work, would effect more for the among the purchasers of inexpensive uncopyrighted cause than the same number of paid employees, and at books. OF 1908.] 11 THE DIAL more 66 The New Books. letters to old-time country cronies are characteristic and entertaining than his decanal epistles to “ My dear Lord Bishop" or other THE LETTERS OF A WITTY PARSON.* dignitary of church or state. The letters have In an early unpublished letter, Lowell de- little value as “side-lights” side-lights” to history, and clared that nature had originally intended him seldom refer to any absorbing social or political for the church, but that in mixing the ingre- question of the hour; they touch not on any dients she had added a little too much humor controversies between the various sections of the and so spoiled him for pulpit purposes. Dean Dean church, high and low, broad and narrow; they Hole, of pleasant memory, famous in both his are not tinged with the slightest shade of odium spoken and his written word for the merry theologicum, though their writer was well known humor that enlivened his utterances, appears to to have the courage of his convictions; and they have let no consciousness of his own drollery do not afford the briefest peep behind the scenes deter him for one moment from donning the in church politics or polemics. All this is plainly clerical robe. In him, however, it is rather the stated at the outset, and if the editor may keenly-flashing wit than the subtly indescribable occasionally be charged with going to the other but never unrecognizable touch of humor that extreme in serving up matter that savors of the provokes one's mirth; but, for that matter, per tasteless and trivial, he at least gives us a good haps the same could be said of Lowell. Be picture of his author's unfailing lightness of that as it may, the selection from the Dean's heart and frolicsomeness of mood up to the very letters that Mr. Dewar has edited, with a brief year, if not day and hour, of his death,—a cheer- memoir, contains some very enjoyable specimens ing example of “ an old age serene and bright of the writer's playful fancy, and gives us a that never outgrew the appeal of things inno- charming sketch of him in undress to place cently amusing. Something of the perennial beside the more formally finished portrait of the boyishness of genius was his. Quick, impul “Memories" and the Little Tour in America" sive, ready to kindle up, and as ready to forgive, — though the likeness there shown conveys no with an unbounded relish for life and for its suggestion of stiffness or ceremony. humours and sympathy with its light and shade The friendship between the Dean and his —that was the boyishness of him, and it wielded present editor appears to have grown out of a its instrument in the quick-flashing wit which common love of nature and an interest in flori. sometimes took form in anecdote, and sometimes culture; this is to be inferred from three letters flitted by in the turn of a phrase, or a half- addressed to Mr. Dewar and included in the noticed word.” Thus was he described by a volume. The prefatory memoir is so good that friend who knew him well. one wishes it were longer. Making no attempt A letter to John Leech, written in 1859, to give a biography of the man, it touches lightly soon after the appearance of “ A Little Tour and gracefully, with illustrative anecdotes, on in Ireland," which Hole wrote and Leech illus- the more prominent traits of the Dean's char- trated, is among those in lighter vein. The two acter. His unfailing quickness of wit is seen men were affectionate friends, and upon Leech's in the following incident: early death the other wrote a memoir of the “ Once he called on Mr. George Allen at Sunnyside, lamented artist. The letter begins : Orpington, with some inquiry about Ruskin's work, “I have received a cheque from Bradbury & Evans • The Seven Lamps of Architecture,' which had lately for £105, with an allusion to future favors. I have been republished. As he left the hall, he struck smartly thanked them sincerely, but my chief thanks and theirs with his head a hanging lamp. The last thing that, as (as I told them) are due, of course, to you. For they a rule, comes off a man's tongue in a case like this is a know, and I know, and you know, and all the world witty remark; but Hole instantly remarked with good knows, that A Little Tour in Ireland' would in all humour, · If I am not careful, there will only be Six probability have made a Little Ditto to the Trunk- Lamps left!'” makers, had it not been illustrated by John Leech — In choosing the letters for publication, the God bless him. . . . And so, my friend, with the de- editor has shown wisdom in picking with a spar- lightful document on Smith, Payne, & Smith' before ing hand and also in not including letters merely me, I see thro' the signature of · Bradbury & Evans' the name of John Leech, and to him I tender my most because they were written to persons of distinc- genuine gratitude.” tion. Hole was on the friendliest terms with Hole’s “ Book about Roses,” which was pub- all sorts and conditions of men, and his informal lished in 1869, must be familiar to rose-lovers. OF SAMUEL REYNOLDS HOLE, Dean of In the following extract from a letter to the Rochester. Edited, with a Memoir, by George A. B. Dewar. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co. Rev. C. C. Ellison -whom his correspondent * THE LETTERS 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL salutes variously as “ Dear Elli ” and “My We shall be · Arcades ambo, et cantam (misprint for dear Charlie ” and “ Dear Old Charlie” the cantare] et respondere parati,' when we meet, seeing that we have been in half-a-score houses within the last 6 rosarian " speaks : 3 months, and with all sorts and conditions of men.” “I am much pleased to hear of your good conduct, as one of my pupils, and of your obtaining a prize. As a specimen of the Dean's more serious Continue in the paths of virtue and industry, wheeling style — for he could be deeply serious and pro- upon them large quantities of farm-yard manure to your foundly impressive when occasion demanded — rose-trees, and you must ultimately win the highest and let us quote a sentence from a letter written to most honourable of titles, the title of a good Rosarian. the Bishop of Rochester three months before the May the apbis of difficulty and the mildew of disap- writer's death. pointment always disappear before the syringe of your assiduity and the sulphur of your perseverance.” “ As the Sun and the Showers have clothed our Kent A story told by Dean Hole in Chicago, in the Orchards with garments of praise, and made the buds course of his American tour of a dozen years of our garments to grow, so your words of warm and refreshing sympathy, from the comfort where with you ago, will be recalled by the letter next quoted. are comforted of God, make my faith glad with the Its subject is a dog with a taste for religious blossoms of hope, and quicken my prayers for those literature. The animal had invaded a young fruits of the Spirit, and those flowers of Eden, which will be restored in the new heaven and the new earth, curate's study and devoured half his sermon, where dwelleth Righteousness.” so that when the curate came to deliver it he found himself brought to a premature close, A friend, quoted in the “ Memoir," says of Dean Hole: “It is difficult to convey just that which he afterward apologized for to one of the churchwardens, whereupon the warden said : impression of distinction’ or nobleness which “ I should be much obliged if you could get from his presence. But it would have been was exactly what no one could help receiving our Rector one of the breed.” To a brother difficult -- and disagreeable — to bring any- clergyman asking what happened to the dog after his strange meal, the Dean, a great dog- his presence." These words may be fitly sup- thing mean, or unchivalrous, or unworthy, into lover, replies : plemented by Hole's definition of a gentleman ; “You will be pleased to hear that when the dog had inwardly digested the sermon which he had torn, he it gives at least a glimpse of the ideal after turned over a new leaf. He had been sullen and which he had modelled his own character. morose, he became “a very jolly dog.' He had been “ There is no such thing as a gentleman by birth. No selfish and exclusive in his manger, he generously gave public schools, no universities, no study of elegant it up to an aged poodle. He had been noisy and vulgar, literature, no intellectual attainments, no accomplish- he became a quiet, gentlemanly dog, he never growled ments, no titled playmates can confer the gift. The again; and when he was bitten he always requested the real elements, the truthfulness which cannot lie, the cur who had torn his flesh to be so good, as a particular uprightness which will not stoop, the courtesy which favour, to bite him again. He has established a Re considers all, the honour which cannot be bribed, the formatory in the Isle of Dogs, for perverse puppies, and command of the passions, the mastery of the tem- an infirmary for Mangy Mastiffs in Houndsditch. He per — these can only be learned from God.” has won 26 medals from the Humane Society for res- Some good pictures accompany the reading cuing children who have fallen into the canal. He spends six days of the week in conducting his brothers matter; also an occasional pen-and-ink sketch and sisters, who have lost their ways, to the Dogs' by the Dean's own hand so variously accom- Home, and it is a most touching sight to see him leading plished was he. The frontispiece portrait of him the blind to church from morning to night on Sundays. and the view of the rosary at Caunton, with the To his son Hugh, a young giant of six feet vicar-gardener standing in its midst, are espe- and five inches, who distinguished himself in cially pleasing. The only thing calling for a various capacities during the recent war in South word of adverse criticism in the volume is the Africa, the clerical father writes in a tone of ungenial stiffness of its binding, which will far delightful comradeship. Here, for instance, is sooner break than bend its obstinate back. the opening of a letter of Oct. 6, 1897, which PERCY F. BICKNELL. the editor leaves to explain itself : I am delighted, my dear Son, with your very inter We noticed some weeks ago the posthumous collec- esting letter, and I congratulate you heartily on your tion of the poems of George Henry Miles. Mention magnificent right and left in the pursuit of friendships, was made in that volume of “ A Review of Hamlet” by Nansen and Ibsen, two of the most famous men of their the same author -- a contribution to Shakespearian day. All must admire Nansen's heroism, and Ibsen's criticism that attracted much attention at the time when intellectual power; and it does one good to be with such it was written, and that had a marked influence upon men, though in some points, in which they are not Edwin Booth in his interpretation of the Dane. The experts or students, we may have no sympathies. I essay is now republished by Messrs. Longmans, Green, anticipate a great enjoyment in hearing, viva voce, & Co., and proves to be a subtle and keenly intelligent more details of your singular and exciting intercourse. analysis of the great tragedy. 1908.] 13 THE DIAL THE HEART OF HAMLET'S MYSTERY.* the poisoned cup and rapiers, the King's Mr. Churton Collins has remarked that most conspiracy with Laertes, are a confession ; and attempts to pluck out the heart of Hamlet's though Hamlet's lips are sealed by death, Horatio lives to tell his story and to heal his mystery have thrown more light upon the char- wounded name. It is this struggle that gives acter of the interpreter than upon the subject. This no doubt explains the tendency of modern significance to Hamlet's self-reproaches. After the interview with the players, he is thinking criticism to emphasize the subjective difficulties of the contrast, not between the actor's passion in the way of Hamlet's accomplishment of his and his own inertness, but between his thirst task. We like to think of ourselves as dark- ened by a fine melancholy, or paralyzed by an for revenge and the necessity of inaction. In the most famous of the soliloquies, the point of austere intellectuality, or perplexed by a too his reflection is that conscience, which in his exacting conscience. Like Coleridge, we are bitterness he calls cowardice, keeps him from oppressed by the sense of our own impotence, suicide as from vengeance. And in the com- and our criticism becomes an elegy of our ment on Fortinbras' venture, he is thinking of thwarted purposes. Like Mr. Collins, we per- Like Mr. Collins, we per- the prince's freedom to act and his own enforced ceive in many of the finest types of modern delay. civilization the taint of an immoral æstheticism, and our criticism becomes a warning against the It is all plausible enough ; but then, so mani- immoderate worship of beauty. fold is the suggestiveness of the play that almost To this school of critics, the theory of Werder any theory can be made plausible. For the same seems a paradox. The most psychological play objections cannot be urged. Our wisest course reason, there is no theory against which strong of Shakespeare he interprets as a tragedy of is to adopt the theory that on the whole best circumstance. The most vacillating of heroes he declares to be the incarnation of steady without too close attention to the objections that represents our own experience with Hamlet, purpose. The all but utter failure of Ham- let's mission he regards as a triumph of foresight. can be produced against it. Against Professor Werder's theory, as a In the hero's tragic death he sees, not the whole, we have nothing to say, except that it result of thinking too precisely on the event, but the penalty of instinctive and ill-considered does not represent our experience with Hamlet. Against details of it, there are some objections action. that are perhaps not idle. Like most students His theory was first expounded in a course of lectures at Berlin in 1859-60. Though it was of the play, he makes far too little of its history, of the traditional material that is imbedded in conceived independently, it had been anticipated it ; far too little, also, of Shakespeare's care- by J. L. Klein in 1846 and by George Fletcher in 1845. Dr. Furness refers to it with approval less acceptance of such material, with little or no effort to motivate it. Reflections of this in the Variorum Hamlet, and it has been sort should temper our deliverances upon the accepted by Hudson and Rolfe. assumed madness, and our efforts to acquit It is briefly this : Hamlet's problem is to Hamlet of blame for the death of his two school- avenge his father's murder, but so to avenge it fellows. Marvellous as the motivation of this as to make the justice of his act evident to all. play is, a motivation that we can see in process The confession of Claudius, therefore, not his death, is the first necessity. To kill the King the dramatist's fatigue or lack of time. Hence, of development, there is a limit to it fixed by would be to kill the only proof of his crime. in part, the mystery of the play. From this point of view the play becomes a As usual, the commentator seems to us to struggle between Hamlet's instinctive and have forced his own interpretation upon certain almost overmastering impulse to slay, and his passages in defiance of the plain sense. Hardly deliberate conscientious self-restraint until he anything in the earlier scenes is more striking shall have forced the criminal to convict him- than Hamlet's physical revulsion from his self. In the murder of Polonius, instinct tri- mother's marriage, which, to an audience with umphs over reason and conscience; and hence centuries of Catholicism in their blood, would arise all the evils of the latter part of the play have seemed very like incest. Yet Professor the madness of Ophelia, the death of the Queen, Werder never refers to this, and explains the and the death of Hamlet himself. Nevertheless, horror of the first soliloquy due to a pre- sentiment of the murder. It s not true that “ Hamlet breathes no word of complaint of hav- * The HEART OF HAMLET'S MYSTERY. By Karl Werder. Translated from the German by Elizabeth Wilder. With In- troduction by W. J. Rolfe. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 14 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL 66 ing suffered” from Claudius' usurpation. No method of approach is to classify the Colonies other interpretation is possible of according to their internal governmental struc- “A cutpurse of the empire and the rule, ture, and then to trace the development of each That from a shelf the precious diadem stole, of the groups thus set apart. Following out this And put it in his pocket” (3.4.99-101); and plan, Professor Osgood substitutes for the old Popp'd in between the election and my hopes” (5.2.65.) simple division into Royal, Charter, and Pro- The Ghost, says Professor Werder, “ does not prietary Colonies, a more complex analysis into blame Hamlet for his delay, as the critics have Corporate Colonies and Provinces, then divid- done”; and he quotes, in confirmation of his ing the latter class into Royal and Proprietary Provinces. In his earlier papers he showed the statement, sharp distinction that must be observed between “ Do not forget. This visitation Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose” (3.4.110, 111.) the structure of the Corporate Colony - exem- The series of questions on page 69 is typical plified in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Mas- of the attitude of many students toward Shake- sachusetts before 1684 — and the Provinces ; and he furthermore maintained the essential speare's “ feigned histories.” Why, Professor Werder asks, was the time out of joint? Why oneness in principle of the Proprietary Province were there no wise counsellors, no noble war- whether the proprietor were an individual, riors, at the court of Claudius? Did the elder a group of individuals, or a company and the Hamlet outlive all the better element of his Royal Province. court ? and is this the reason why Claudius re- But parallel with the classification into mained in undisputed possession of the throne ? Corporations and Provinces is another, which Such questions are a tribute to the poet's power divides the Colonies into those which enjoyed of creating an illusion, but they do not indicate the advantages of charters and those which did a fruitful critical method. not: for Corporations and Proprietary Pro- An interpretation of this kind, however vinces alike had charters, while Royal Provinces, plausible, seems to us to pluck out the heart of except Massachusetts after 1691, had none. Hamlet's mystery indeed, to rob it of much of These two canons of division influence one its stimulating and moving quality. If it is cor- another; and in the two volumes first issued it rect, the play is less profound, less poignant, less was the Chartered Colonies, Corporations, and modern than we have thought, and we have shed Proprietary Provinces that were compared. The our tears in vain over the wreck of precious and field left to this third volume is consequently splendid things that were not fitted to survive. the Royal Province; and thus Virginia after CHARLES H. A. WAGER. 1624, the dissolution of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the beginnings of royal government in New Hampshire and New York, the admin- istration of Governor Andros in the Eastern ENGLAND'S AMERICAN PROVINCES AND Provinces, together with the revolutionary move- HER IMPERIAL CONTROL.* ments which in 1689 appeared in New York, The third volume of Professor Osgood's in Massachusetts, and in Maryland, these notable work, “ The American Colonies in the parts of Colonial history are developed with the Seventeenth Century,” rounds out, after an same clearness and wealth of details that char- interval of three years, that part of the classi acterized the earlier portion of the work. The fication of the Colonies which the writer omitted institutional life of the Royal Province is not from consideration in his first instalment of treated under such separate heads as the Land two volumes. A word is needed, perhaps, to System, the Official System, the Financial remind one of this classification, in order that the System, Ecclesiastical Relations, etc., as were purpose of the work may be fully understood. used in the preceding volumes, but is developed Instead of treating the Colonies from a purely along with the narrative. This is due, in all chronological standpoint, or, on the other hand, probability, to the fact that only a small part of taking up successively each Colony or group of the life of the Royal Provinces other than Colonies in geographical order, Professor Osgood Virginia lies within the limits of the period has developed in earlier monographs and now chosen by Professor Osgood, the seventeenth in this extensive treatise the idea that the true century. * THE AMERICAN COLONIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. The greatest value of the present volume lies By Herbert L. Osgood, Ph.D. Volume III., Imperial Control; in its discussion of the imperial control of Beginnings of the System of Royal Provinces. The Macmillan Co. England. The author begins with the thesis New York: 1908.] 15 THE DIAL that the central fact in this connection is the omission, that Great Britain considered these process of transformation out of Chartered more important than the continental Colonies, Colonies into Royal Provinces. He recalls that and thus laid part of the ground of the Revolu- the problem of British administration was not tion ; yet the experience of the latter "amply one of race but merely of distance. Attempts illustrates all the phases of the British system to enlist the interest of Parliament were sum of control." Whether this resolution to exclude marily checked, and control of the Colonies, so the island Colonies is wisely taken is a matter far as it was exercised at all, remained a func of doubt. In the beginning of the volume the tion of the executive government of England, author dismisses with something like a non assisted by the various councils and boards and possumus the whole question of the extension minor agencies, of which Professor Osgood gives to the Colonies of English law. One wishes, in a most helpful account. The seventeenth cen view of the completeness of Professor Osgood's tury was the day of the Chartered Colony, discussion of other phases of the subject, that he feudal in its aspect, remote from the mother had devoted his own hand to this, at least to country. It was the Restoration, with the the extent of informing the reader that the consequent commercial legislation, that made English courts did consider the matter, and, in apparent the need and stimulated the desire for a series of cases from Calvin's case to Campbell control; and this found its completest expres vs. Hall, did formulate a doctrine ; and that in sion in the tendency to substitute for the this series of cases one of special importance, Chartered Colony the Royal Province — a ten that of Blankard vs. Galdy, was concerned with dency that reached high-tide under King the extension of English statutes to the island James II., and was checked by the Revolution of Jamaica, which had been added to the Empire of 1688 and the reflections of that event on this by conquest from the Spanish in the time of side of the Atlantic among the colonists them- Cromwell, and in which the matter of the ex- selves. The Stuart plan had involved the tension of the laws of England had been the destruction of Colonial legislatures and the union ground of a long political controversy. How- of the Colonies into governor-generalships. The ever, although one may find that Professor result of the Revolutionary period was the con Osgood has not included all the English tinuance of the tendency to establish Royal Colonies in America, and has not treated ex- Provinces, but with the concession, through a haustively all phases of imperial control, one compromise with local spirit, of provincial leaves the work with a feeling which constitutes assemblies. a very real testimony to its value — the hope This, in a few words, is the scope of the that before many years the author will continue volume. Included, of course, is an account of it into the no less important epoch of the Cromwell's colonial policy ; of the group of eighteenth century. statesmen about the court of Charles II., who ST. GEORGE LEAKIN SIOUSSAT. took an active part in the revival of interest in colonization, of the legislation regarding com- merce that centred in the acts of 1660, 1663, A FINANCIER OF THE CIVIL WAR.* and 1673, of the machinery that was developed for the enforcement of these acts, and of such To the present generation the name of Jay special commissions for the settlement of Cooke means very little ; even so comprehensive American affairs as those sent in 1664 to New a history of his own time as that of Rhodes gives England and in 1677 to Virginia. It is the him but a paragraph or two. But a generation impression of unity derived from the reading of ago his name and fame filled the land ; and this part of the work that gives support to the when he fell, like a modern Samson he dragged down to ruin with him the business prosperity author's somewhat positive statement that in this volume “ the attempt has for the first time of the whole country. Though his reputation been made to trace the history of this control as has proved to be ephemeral, like many another, a distinct and separate feature of colonization.” and he is known if at all only as connected Yet, as Professor Osgood himself states, this with the financial panic of 1873, Jay Cooke is “ something less than a history of British performed a vitally important service at a crit- ical time in the history of the nation, and it is Colonial administration in America," because well that a trained historical writer has told the " the island Colonies, with Newfoundland, are for the most part left out of account.” It is JAY COOKE, FINANCIER OF THE CIVIL WAR. Paxson Oberholtzer. In two volumes. Philadelphia: George true, says the author in explanation of this By Ellis W. Jacobs & Co, 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL man who story of his life and of the service that he per- different series of bonds issued by Secretary formed. The work worthily fills a gap in the Chase, and the whole story, as told here in full financial history of the United States; and for the first time, is one of absorbing interest not only the financial history, — but, as armies and permanent historical value. It may be that crawl on their bellies, and without vast sums the biographer exalts his hero's wisdom and of money the best-laid plans of statesmen and foresight unduly at the expense of Secretary commanders cannot be carried out, the Chase ; yet it seems to be true that when Mr. raised the money and maintained the credit of Cooke's methods were adopted and his plans the country through all the confusion and stress were followed bonds were sold with startling is entitled to a secure if comparatively humble rapidity, money was forthcoming to meet the place on the roll of the benefactors of the na drain on the national treasury, and the credit tion. · It may seem to the reader, in these days of the nation was maintained, and when Chase of exalted finance, that two volumes containing and his successors attempted to get on with- more than twelve hundred large pages are rather out him sales lagged and the money did not too much to ask him to read about a well-nigh come in. His success was due to his belief forgotten financier; but we can assure him that in himself and in the people, and to the great he will not waste the time that he shall devote organization that he built up for carrying the to this book. Mr. Cooke left an enormous matter directly to them, appealing to their amount of material for this biography, includ- patriotism and their thrift at the same time. ing letters from many of the foremost public He could make plain men believe that the men of his time, with whom he was on terms of country was sound and would win in the strug- intimacy; through these we get many glimpses gle, and would keep its faith with those who into the inside workings of the government. He should trust it with their savings. And so the also left chests full of memoranda and remi money poured in, in a flood that astonished niscences. This material Dr. Oberholtzer has even the man of faith who had organized the carefully worked over, supplementing it from movement. Some of the scenes described in the newspapers of the day; the result is a work this book are thrilling in their interest. The that is not only an interesting biography of a letters and newspaper extracts included give man of unique power and personality, but also vividness to the narrative, though some of the one that throws light on the public life, business judgments and opinions they contain are the methods, and moral standards of the decade product of the enthusiasm of the time. The from 1861 to 1873. Many portraits and fac author is wholesomely frank in giving Mr. similes add to the value of the book. Cooke's methods of dealing with public men The father of Jay Cooke was a pioneer set and newspaper writers, some of which amount tler in northern Ohio, a man prominent in law to bribery. But standards were different forty and business ; he was elected to Congress in years ago, and no one can accuse Mr. Cooke of 1830, and took a leading part in the develop- bribing men to serve his own interest ; it was ment of the region. His brothers were sent to the success of the cause that he had at heart school; but the future financier would not go, that seemed to him to justify the sometimes and at fourteen he went into a store. He dis- questionable means employed. played great business ability wherever he was An interesting chapter is that on the estab- employed ; 'at nineteen he had a prominent posi- lishment of our system of National Banks, to tion in a large Philadelphia banking house, and which Mr. Cooke devoted the same energy, and at twenty-one he had earned a partnership in in which the same astonishing success followed the concern. In 1861 the house of Jay Cooke Jay Cooke his efforts. Through his nation-wide organiza- & Co. was launched, and it at once took a lead-tion, he created a public demand that made a ing position on account of the great reputation hostile Congress take notice, and then hasten of its head as banker and successful promoter. to pass the bill creating the system. He under- The house lived only twelve years ; but they took a campaign to bring the reluctant state were notable years. One large enterprise after banks into the plan, using to the full the prestige another was carried to a success that seemed of his past successes and the persuasion of his impossible at the outset, and men became ac- powerful personality. Though the biographer customed to coupling the name of Jay Cooke may here also exaggerate somewhat his part, yet with successful enterprises. he presents documents that prove the value of More than five hundred pages of this work Mr. Cooke's service in this vitally important are given to Mr. Cooke's efforts to sell the development of our financial system. 1908.] 17 THE DIAL A large part of the second volume is given ground in an introductory chapter, Dr. Siegfried to Mr. Cooke's efforts to promote, build, and proceeds to analyze very thoroughly and effec- finance the Northern Pacific Railroad. This tively this complex problem with which, in his was a tremendous undertaking, such as he de view, Canadians are faced. Opening with the lighted in. It was a private enterprise with Catholic Church, he discusses with great clear- enormous profits awaiting its success; but the ness its administrative methods, its fear of opening of a vast new region to settlement English Protestantinfluence and its even greater kindled his imagination, and the patriotic motive fear of the spirit of Modern France, its extra- seems to have been even more powerful than the ordinary influence over the French Canadian financial one. The full story of the negotiations people, and its intervention in politics. A at home and abroad for the hundred millions of chapter follows on Protestantism in Canada ; dollars needed for the work is most interesting. and here the author is equally outspoken in his Here again we see methods that we now call criticism of the Protestant point of view. An questionable; instead of the success that at one interesting point which he brings out, incident- time seemed near, through foreign political com ally, is the practical impossibility under existing plications and the reckless fixing of capital in circumstances of Protestantism making headway unprofitable undertakings at home a crash came among the French population of Quebec. If a that ruined Mr. Cooke and was the immediate French-Protestant marries a French-Catholic, cause of the disastrous panic of 1873. In telling he must agree to the children being brought up this story Dr. Oberholtzer gives all sides, but as Catholics ; if, on the other hand, he marries his admiration of his hero is so great that he can an English-Protestant, his children become, not refrain from bitter criticism of those men of sooner or later, English-Protestants. In either cooler blood who held back, criticized, and in case the French-Protestant strain dies out. some cases blocked Mr. Cooke's plans. Dr. Siegfried's treatment of the complicated C. H. COOPER. educational problem in Canada, the very differ- ent points of view of the English and French elements in the country, the active interference CANADA FROM A FRENCH VIEW-POINT.* of the Catholic Church and the less obvious but It was a happy thought of Dr. Siegfried's to real influence of the Protestant Churches, the bring his intimate study of racial and religious conflicting elements of provincial and federal problems in Canada within reach of the large authority, is admirable ; as is also his discussion number of readers who could not read the book of the attitude of French-Canadians and English- in the original. The French edition had already Canadians respectively toward England, France, attracted a great deal of attention among the United States, and each other; of Canadian French-Canadians, although, discussing the politics, including the national constitution, relations of Church and State with perfect political parties, elections, the tone of parlia- frankness as Dr. Siegfried does, his book has mentary life; of French-Canadian ambitions ; inevitably not been popular with the ecclesiasti- the spread of American influence in the cal authorities of French-speaking Canada. The Dominion; the movement toward Imperial translation, under the title “ The Race Question Federation, which Dr. Siegfried believes to have in Canada," may be commended to anyone, inside already passed its flood and to be now well on the or outside of Canada, who is interested in the ebb tide; and many other live Canadian ques- political and social development of the lusty tions. He may be, perhaps, a little too inclined young Dominion. to accept the views of that brilliant but erratic Dr. Siegfried's opening paragraph admirably young French-Canadian, M. Henri Bourassa, summarizes the scope of his essay. “Canadian grandson of Papineau the leader of the Rebellion politics,” he says, “are a tilting-ground for of 1837, as representing public opinion in the impassioned rivalries. An immemorial struggle province of Quebec ; and he is certainly far persists between French and English, Catholics astray in supposing that Dr. Goldwin Smith's and Protestants, while an influence is gathering well-known opinions as to the ultimate destiny strength close by them which some day may of Canada are shared by any appreciable num- become predominant — that of the United ber of Canadians. But taking his book as a States. In this complex contest . . . the whole .. the whole whole, it is unquestionably one of the most future of Canada is at stake.” Clearing the interesting and really valuable studies of Canadian problems that has yet been written, and compares more than favorably with the *THE RACE QUESTION IN CANADA. By André Siegfried. Translated from the French. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL common-sense. new tree-book. superficial sketches of English journalists, such Positivism as the Having in a previous volume, “The as J. A. Hobson and J. F. Fraser. Bradley's philosophy of Creed of a Layman,” set forth the “ Canada in the Twentieth Century " is the only grounds on which he had found recent book, written from an English point of peace in a religion of common sense, Mr. Frederic view, that will at all compare with Dr. Siegfried's Harrison now endeavors, in a second volume entitled “ Race Question in Canada." “The Philosophy of Common Sense” (Macmillan), to show the intellectual basis on which such a faith LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. is grounded. The book brings together papers read before the Metaphysical Society in the seventies, and essays published in English periodicals in the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. seventies and eighties, with little introduction of In his handbook of the trees of the new matter ; but the collected issue of these various A beautiful Northern United States and Canada utterances in defense of positivism as the one and east of the Rocky Mountains, Mr. only common-sense philosophy forms a valuable and R. B. Hough has done all tree-lovers and his country highly readable sequel to the preceding number of at large a real and important service. Here we have the series. Having found all other schemes of syn- presented by accurate scientific description, and exact thetic philosophy one-sided and incomplete, because half-tone plates, more than two hundred species of they lean too far either toward theology on the one American forest trees. Two opposing pages are hand or toward science on the other, Mr. Harrison given to each species. On the one hand we have has, after twenty-five years' study of Comte's phil- illustrated the leaves, flowers, twigs, and fruits, osophy, convinced himself that it offers the one nearly every character needed for identification, satisfying synthesis or harmony of the three great photographed to scale, so that the reader may know concerns of human life — religion, science, and con- the actual size of these structures ; on the opposite duct. It alone is “ adequate to weld into one page we have, with the descriptive matter, a photo common life our intellectual, our affective, and our graphic representation of the trunk of the tree, show active propensities." Abandoning the pursuit of ing the details of bark and habit, and again referring absolute truth, and resisting the fascination of to a definite scale ; so that, all apart from letter-press, metaphysical puzzles, positivism contents itself with the illustrations in the book should make a competent relative truth, truth as it affects human beings in a forester of every man who can use his eyes. The demonstrable and practical way. While bearing scale applied to the tree-trunk to show its size is some resemblance to pragmatism, it nevertheless more often a two-foot rule; but not always, as wit classes the latter with numerous other more or less ness page 325. It would seem ungracious to note abortive attempts to solve insoluble problems.” errors in a work like this, published by the author That the author has chosen a question-begging title himself (Lowville, N. Y.); but since in his preface for his volume is almost too obvious to call for com- he invites criticism for the benefit of a future ment. Positivism is the philosophy of his common- edition, it may be said that errors, whether in typo sense, just as materialism, or idealism, or Sufism, or graphy or in the illustrations, are by no means few. Manicheism may be the most common-sense phil- A small map accompanies each species' description, osophy to another man. The philosophy of one who intended to show the distribution of the tree in thinks for himself is a part of his very temperament, question. These maps are often inaccurate, some and no man can cordially accept another's philosophy times by as much as the width of a whole state. in all its details any more than Mr. Harrison can For instance, the witch-hazel is shown by the map subscribe to every single article in Comte's creed as common to all Iowa ; the species reaches the Mississippi River from the east, but it is doubtful Mr. T. W. Higginson has done a work Life of a if it occurs within the limits of Iowa at all except colonial of filial piety in writing the life of rarely in one or two counties in the extreme north- worthy. his grandfather Stephen Higginson eastern corner. On the other hand, the smooth (Houghton). But the book is more than this. As sumac, which covers the country, is omitted entirely the author says in his Apologia: “ To have been from this list of familiar trees and shrubs. Similar one of the first American shipmasters called on to criticism may be made with respect to many other testify before Parliament as to American colonial species cited. The distribution for the west side of matters; to have been a member of the Continental the Mississippi River, as shown upon the map, is Congress in its closing days; to have been second very often incorrect. The proof-reader also has in command during the first effective resistance to done his work rather carelessly. Scientific names Shay's Rebellion; the first to argue from that peril are not only wrongly spelled, but are differently the need of a stronger government; the first to spelled on different pages. A glossary accompanies suggest that the voices of nine out of the thirteen the work, and this also contains many inaccuracies States could make the Confederacy into a Nation; of definition and statement. Nevertheless, the book the first to organize and equip the American Navy Mr. Hough has given us is unique and beautiful as under Jefferson's administration; these afford well as extremely useful, and deserves a place in the sufficient ground to justify the writing of any man's library of every tree-lover in the world. memoir.” Stephen Higginson began life as a 1908.] 19 THE DIAL The relations and economics. Some historic sailor, but left the sea at an early age and became struggle of an abused slave against a cruel master, a Boston merchant and one of the leaders among pointing out that “though half a century has elapsed, the Bostonians of his day. Like his contemporaries the question as to how the case started, who the of the New England Federalists, he was very grave, plaintiff and defendant really were, what forces very dignified, with the manner of one who felt were behind them, and what their motives were, that he carried on his shoulders the unstable burden have remained uninvestigated, and the complete of the welfare of “the masses.” Probably no men story of this famous lawsuit, largely based upon ever took themselves more seriously, since the documentary evidence, is here for the first time senators of the Early Roman Republic, than did recorded." These few hints give but a faint idea these New England worthies. They felt, as clearly of the contents of an unusually interesting book. as did James the First, a divine commission to manage the affairs of their less fortunate fellow- Prof. Irving Fisher's work on “The men. Stephen Higginson was undoubtedly a man of bookkeeping Nature of Capital and Income” of sense and insight, but there is hardly ground for (Macmillan) is a serious attempt to the implied conclusion that he shaped and directed find a philosophical basis for accounting, and thus to national affairs through Washington and Knox. He supply the missing link between practical business was very influential in Boston affairs during many usages and economic theories. The work ought to years, and the book contains valuable side-lights on be of interest both to economists and to accountants, life and social conditions of the time, and on the but some readers may be discouraged at the outset controversies and political bitternesses of the days by finding familiar terms used with unfamiliar mean- when Federal power had been broken in the country ings. The author takes care to define his terms, at large and was waning in New England. His however, and provides a summary of these defini- direct share in national affairs, beyond a few months tions in the form of a glossary; and since he has of service in the dying Congress, in 1783, was his taken the pains to compile elaborate collections of service as Naval Agent at Boston, in which posi- definitions (at least of such important terms as tion he did effective work in equipping a part of income and capital) from dictionaries and economic the little navy which the Federalists created during writings, one hesitates to take exception to his their last administration. decisions as to the meaning which ought to be at- tached to economic terms. Professor Fisher makes Mr. Frederick Trevor Hill has put use of the mathematical method of demonstration legal contests. together a number of papers, con in his appendices, but leaves the body of the book tributed to different periodicals, into intelligible to almost any careful reader; and on the a volume entitled “Decisive Battles of the Law" whole it will conduce clearer thinking on economic (Harper). The author writes with acute legal subjects. Ethical and public questions have little knowledge and abundant information derived from place in this volume ; but there is a sentence about painstaking research; and to these he adds a gift for stock-watering which is well worth quoting, namely, pictorial narrative which suggests a first-rate reporter that to say that stock-watering is not wrong as long present at the events he describes. The eight as all the terms and conditions are known “is much legal contests selected for study are regarded as like saying that lying is not wrong provided every- “decisive because they affect in greater or less body knows that it is lying; for a false balance sheet degree the history of the United States. They is only one form of a false statement, and, ordinarily, range from “ The United States vs. Callender: a false statement is made with intent to deceive.” a Fight for Freedom of the Press” (1800) to The book is provided with an unusual multiplicity “People vs. Spies et al.: the Chicago Anarchists' of tables of contents: a “first summary,” or list of (1886). The other six describe the trial of parts, a “second summary,” or list of chapters, and Burr for treason (1807); the trial of John Brown an "analytical table of contents," or list of sections ; (1859); the Dred Scott decision (1857); the while at the beginning of each part the list of chap- impeachment of President Johnson (1868); the ters in that part is conveniently repeated. Alabama arbitration (1872); and the Hayes-Tilden Electoral Commission (1877). Of these epoch- Much pleasant and profitable reading Conversation making crises in the nation's progress, Mr. Hill is to be found in Mr. Robert Waters's writes with general candor, with strong convictions, “ Culture by Conversation ” (Dodd). but with no unhistoric bitterness. He sympathizes Its twenty chapters, with supplemental “table-talk with Andrew Johnson as the victim of a political notes” and other miscellanies, give the subject a persecution which deservedly failed; he draws from thorough treatment, both theory and practice (rules the inglorious partisan conclusion of the Electoral and illustrations) having generous space accorded Commission the comforting thought that it helped them. The author is evidently in love with his to abolish carpet-bag government in the South; he subject, and his enthusiasm is contagious. One can recognizes Governor Altgeld's pardon of the im even forgive an occasional affront offered to books, prisoned anarchists as a “legitimate exercise of and such extreme statements as that “the study of executive discretion "; and he strips from the Dred books for a specific purpose never yet formed the Scott case much of its romantic aspect as the heroic mind of any man," so pleasantly and convincingly case as an educator. 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL are real course. does Mr. Waters present the inestimable advantages gems in their way. The essay on travel, of cultured conversation. Yet, true though it is and that entitled “Not as One that Beateth the Air,". that conference maketh a ready man, it surely is to yield genuine delight to the reader. Almost equally be remembered that reading maketh a full man; good is a short piece in praise of “Master Vergil. and no better proof of this last could be desired But who, alas, now reads the“ Æneid,” after having than the book now before us. Let not its accom once laboriously done it to death in the schoolroom? plished author kick down the ladder, or this one of More pretentious chapters of Mr. Baldwin's book the ladders, by which he has climbed to the refresh treat of Sterne's influence on French literature, of ing uplands of inspiring and well informed dis John Bunyan, and of the genesis of the short story -- The trend of some of his remarks reminds all scholarly and good. But one is a little surprised one of Mr. Bernard Shaw's humorous regret that to find the writer's scholarship permitting such his own education had been interrupted by a few blemishes as "unique" in the superlative degree of years of schooling. A few details might call for comparison, and "ruck” for the now more polite criticism if space permitted. The inclusion of “majority” or “multitude.” Of course "ruck” has Brookfield among the 56 Cambridge Apostles is a venerable antiquity behind it, and perhaps we probably erroneous : Brookfield consorted with them, ought to overcome our squeamishness and applaud but there were twelve without him, as Mr. Waters's rather than condemn an author's heroic attempt to own list shows. The apt quotation from Langhorne's reinstate the word in good usage. “ Life of Plutarch” contains a few inaccuracies, according to our edition of the work. But these are That voluminous editor and com- The allurements trifling blemishes on a good and useful and enter of a literary life. mentator of the middle nineteenth taining book. century, the Rev. Robert Aris Will- Actuated by a wish to provide a mott, is now best remembered, if remembered at all, A handbook of practical handbook dealing with the for his “Pleasures, Objects, and Advantages of construction, theory, and use of the Literature,” which was published in 1851, went into microscope, Dr. Spitta, President of the ancient and a fifth edition in 1860, and had already two years, honorable Queckett Microscopical Club of London, before enjoyed the distinction of a fifth German has written a work entitled “Microscopy” (Dutton). Literature,” it is now republished by the Putnams, edition. Under the abbreviated title, “ Pleasures of It is, however, more than a mere handbook, for its nearly five hundred pages and fifteen plates make with a short biographical and critical introduction from the of Mr. Cranstoun Metcalfe. Willmott's pen up a bulky and somewhat expensive volume. While its pages are professedly not technical, they contain style suggests that of the best seventeenth-century a very clear and scientific account of the optical prose-writers. It is ornate, and at the same time parts of the instrument and of the scientific principles sententious, learned, and occasionally over-weighted involved in bringing about its present marvellous with scholarly allusion and quotation, but always perfection. Modern types of instruments are figured fuent, vivid, gracefully fashioned. To Jeremy and discussed very fully, barring one — the product Taylor, whom he faithfully studied and whose biog- of a firm in this country whose unsurpassed objec- raphy he wrote, he appears to owe as much as to tives are distinctively an American achievement. It any one author, though many sentences savor unmis- is hardly possible that a work dealing with the per- takably of Sir Thomas Browne. Wilmott is strong fection of microscope objective could be written in in the classics of Greece, Rome, and his own country, America and no mention made of the discoveries and is a writer good for us all to read in this day in this field of practical optics made by the Ameri- and generation, a task which is made easy and cans Spencer and Tolles. The author has written pleasant by this republication of his little master- his book throughout from the standpoint of the user piece. of the microscope. It is rich in practical hints which will enable the amateur to secure the maximum effi- BRIEFER MENTION. ciency in his use of the instrument, and at the same time offers a lucid explanation, couched in as simple The “Essays Speculative and Suggestive" of John terms as this highly scientific and technical subject Addington Symonds is one of the weightiest of that will permit, of the principles involved in the con- author's many books. It was first published in 1890, struction and use of the microscope. and reissued, with revisions, in 1893, the year of the author's death. Both editions have long been out of Ten brief sketches and all but essays, Short studies print, and we are glad to note the appearance of a third, in life and one of them reprints, make under the supervision of Mr. Horatio F. Brown. The Mr. ир literature. Charles Sears Baldwin's “Essays out Messrs. Séribner are the American publishers. of Hours” (Longmans). Five of these pleasant Among the more recent works dealing with the career and character of Mary Queen of Scots, few have papers appeared originally in “ The Contributors' deserved a better reception than the study by Miss Club” of “The Atlantic,” and, with one that was Florence Maccunn. As her work of the popular type, first published in “Putnam's," are the best things the author makes no attempt at discussing in detail all in the book, or at least the most entertaining. the various problems that rise about the remarkable Clothed in crisp, choice, sententious language, they personality of the Scotch queen; her aim is to give a 1908.] 21 THE DIAL vivid, sympa- umes picture of the queen and the woman Important college texts recently published by the thetic, but truthful. The book first appeared two years Macmillan Co. are “Exercises in Elementary Quantita- ago, but has recently been issued in a “second and tive Chemical Analysis," by Professors A. T. Lincoln cheaper edition" (Dutton), which is, however, very and J. H. Walton, Jr., and an “Introduction to Higher satisfactory both as to presswork and illustrations. Algebra,” by Professors Maxime Bôcher and E. P. R. A new shilling monthly, “ The International,” edited Duval. by Mr. Rodolphe Broda, has been started by Mr. T. Mr. Richard Bagot has written a charming little book Fisher Unwin. It seems to be a successor, with a more on “ The Lakes of Northern Italy," which is now pub- popular appeal, to the defunct - Independent Review.” lished by the Macmillan Co. It has many illustrations, The editor contributes a sociological review of develop and is something much better than a mere guide-book ments all over the world, and his work is supplemented although it may serve as such — being the work of an by brief contributions from a large number of local cor accomplished man of letters. respondents, and by a group of longer articles written A second series of Professor Francis G. Peabody's by specialists. The publication as a whole stands “ Mornings in the College Chapel” is now published by strongly for the interests of social reform, and advo Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. These short talks upon cates numerous practical causes, such as woman suffrage personal religion are admirable examples of brief and and state interference with the conditions of labor, effective moralizing, and are well deserving of preserva- without much regard to their relation to fundamental tion in their present printed form. principles. The second volume (1822–25) of the Memoirs of Alexandre Dumas, in Mr. E. M. Waller's translation, is now published by the Macmillan Co. The publishers NOTES. also send forth in similar style two other Dumas vol- « The Crimes of Urbain Grandier and Others A text-book of “Spanish Correspondence,” by Mr. and “The Crimes of the Borgias and others a grew- E. S. Harrison, is included among the recent educational some pair of holiday books. publications of Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. A volume of “Specimens of Modern English Literary “Romeo and Juliet” is now added by the Messrs. Criticism,” edited by Professor William T. Brewster, Crowell to their “ First Folio” Shakespeare, as edited by is published by the Macmillan Co. The essays chosen the Misses Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke. are fifteen in number, Dryden and Johnson being the Robert Ingersoll's tribute to Abraham Lincoln, an only representatives of an earlier century than the nine- interesting bit of shrewd and pathetic characterization, teenth. Poe's “The Philosophy of Composition " is the is now published in the form of a pretty booklet by the only American example offered. John Lane Co. Messrs. Charles H. Kerr & Co. publish the second volume of Karl Marx's “Capital,” as edited by Mr. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. Frederick Engel and translated by Mr. Ernest Untermann. [The following list, containing 126 titles, includes books A volume on “ Ship Subsidies," by Mr. Walter T. received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] Dunmore, is published by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. as one of the “ Hart, Schaffner, and Marx Prize BIOGRAPHY. Economic Essays.” Phillips Brooks, 1835-1893: Memories of his Life, with Ex- Two new volumes in the “ Pocket Library” of tracts from his Letters and Note-Books. By Alexander V.G. Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. give us, respectively, Allen. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, pp. 653. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net. Mr. Andrew Lang's “ Ballads and Lyrics of Old France," Petrarch: His Life and Times. By H. C. Hollway-Calthrop. and « The Life and Death of Jason,” by William Morris. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 319. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Mr. Alfred Bartlett publishes Thoreau's essay on $2.75 net. “Friendship," extracted from the “Week on the Concord The Heart of Gambetta. By Francis Laur; authorized translation by Violette M. Montagu, with introduction by and Merrimack Rivers,” in the form of a neat booklet, John Macdonald. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt nicely fitted for use as a token of the quality whereof top, pp. 270. John Lane Co. $2.50 net. it discourses.' 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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian THE NEW. postage 50 cents per year ertra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Lewes's life of Goethe is a landmark of our Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current youth. It stands in memory like a mountain number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription peak tinted from base to summit by the rays of is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to the sinking sun, with crowns of colored clouds THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. floating above it. It is the history of a con- ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER queror, the epic of a god. Usually, literary BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. biography, though fascinating, is sad, — as mel- No. 518. JANUARY 16, 1908. Vol. XLIV. ancholy reading, Carlyle said, as the Newgate Calendar. It is almost always the story of a CONTENTS. great soul in paltry surroundings — a record of struggles, aspirations, failures, partial successes, GOETHE - THE OLD VIEW AND THE NEW. pitfalls, a night landscape only relieved by Charles Leonard Moore . 29 flashes of lightning or the remote glory of the AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF POE 32 stars. But in Lewes everything is rose-color. Here is a Prince Fortunatus to whose cradle all CASUAL COMMENT 33 the good fairies thronged. His life is a royal Some fresh reminiscences of Thackeray. — An English opinion of “ the American Language.". progress; triumphal arches are erected every- Our homely eighteenth-century manners. The where for him. The divinity is visible in him, moving of Shakespeare's bones. - Literature and journalism. — The myth-making propensity of and everyone recognizes it. Men give him their children. — A twentieth-century Dickens. — A new good offices and women their hearts. It is all title to intellectual leadership. — An English cen too good to be true; but it is eminently satis- sorship of the press. — A famous and successful bookseller. - The retirement of a veteran French fying, like a novel where everything happens editor. just as we wish it should. THE ROMANCE AND POETRY OF PROVENCE. The one feature of Lewes's book which per- Percy F. Bicknell . 36 haps gave it its vogue, and still thrills and inspires, is this : it is, apparently, the life of a VENICE IN THE GOLDEN AGE. Laurence M. Larson 38 free man. The most of us are bound, are tied hand and foot by poverty, by duties, by custom. SOCIALISM CONDEMNED. T. D. A. Cockerell . 39 Goethe, according to Lewes, did just about as AN ENGLISH LIFE OF TASSO. Lane Cooper . . 41 he pleased. We look up from our drudgery RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 43 and slavery at this resplendent apparition, Hewlett's The Stooping Lady. – Mason's The flawless in all its phases of dawn, or meridian Broken Road.- Quiller-Couch's Major Vigoureux. Miss Kinkead's The Courage of Blackburn power, or serene sunset glory; and the spectacle Blair. — Miss Burr's The Jessop Bequest.- Miss does us good. That Goethe used his liberty Robins's The Convert. -- Octave Thanet's The nobly, that he moved mainly in goodness, is Lion's Share. — Bindloss's The Mistress of Bona- venture. - Whitaker's The Settler.-Luther's The only what we should expect, — what we believe Crucible. - Merwin-Webster's Comrade John. – would happen to us were we relieved from the Harben's Mam' Linda. Quick's The Broken chains that hold us down. And there can be Lance. no question that Lewes hit upon the secret of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. 46 Goethe's life that Goethe's main effort was to The art of literary forgery. The early years and struggles of a literary artist. — A telegrapher's develop himself as a free agent, to rid himself recollections of the Civil War. — The spelling of of the bonds of custom, the tyranny of outside Shakespeare. - A Yankee Professor in France. - interference with His Self. Memorials of a wandering scholar.-- A woman's story of her life. - Corporatfons and commerce, and After Lewes, there came a long line of the Federal Constitution. — A book for beginners German biographers – Grimm, Düntzer, and in Welsh history. the rest, for the most part painstaking, labori- NOTES 49 ous, dull. To the true German, truth lies in a LIST OF NEW BOOKS 50 well, and for fear of missing the right fountain 30 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL they dig holes all over the country. These of parting with the memory of it. There is a historians and commentators rescued many minor legend in the Rāmāyana so pat to this point that facts and truths about Goethe's life; but no one it is worth repeating. The Brides of Indra, the of their books gives any new or special inter- god of the sky, grew weary of his love, — alter- pretation of that life, or can pretend to rank as nating, as the sky does, with extremes of heat literature with Lewes's splendid and daring work. and cold, light and darkness, tempest and calm. Now there comes a new biography, which has So they ran away from him, and, descending to a definite intent, a novel interpretation, and one the earth, wandered long, until they came to the which, like Lewes’s, is wrought to a single tone. country of the Uttarakurus. Here they found The two are absolutely opposed. If Goethe in a monotony of pleasing life. The climate was Lewes resembles Guido's picture of Dawn - equable, so that they needed hardly any shelter, Apollo preceded by the fluttering Hours — in the trees yielded fruits at all seasons, the people Bielschowsky he is more like the drooping figure were pleasant and unperturbed. They resigned of the crucified Christ, lacerated and crowned themselves to the luxurious comfort of the place, with thorns. In Lewes, he is never sick or sorry and the days glided on, one like another. But or at fault. Bielschowsky shows him prostrated presently the memory awoke in them of that old by grief and suffering, thwarted in his ambitions, home, of the burning joy of Indra's embraces, flying from society in deep misanthropy, mis of the splendors, the tempests, the exultations understood by his friends, ignored by the public. and the agonies they had known. Their calm He shows the man who claimed that in his whole security and comfort became intolerable to life he had never had one week of happiness. them ; but, alas ! they had exiled themselves He shows him like a Christian flagellant baring from that loftier life. his back to the scourge because of his relations to It is curious that while Lewes aggrandises women, revenging his lost loves by painting his and Bielschowsky minimizes the personality of own character in the darkest hues in the heroes Goethe, the exact reverse is the case with their of many of his plays and novels — the weak judgment on his literary work. Lewes's criti- Weislingen, the cowardly Clavigo, the unstable cism is cool, sane, temperate. He hardly admits Egmont. Lewes is always up before the day to any part of Goethe's production, save the first help Hyperion to his horse, but Bielschowsky half of Faust and the lyrics, to be of supreme dismounts his hero from his high steed and makes importance. Of Goethe as a dramatist, he says him walk the earth like the rest of us. It is the that with a large infusion of Schiller's blood he treatment of Euripides after that of Æschylus. might have been a Shakespeare. Bielschowsky Instead of Orestes in his tragic mask and the writes with indiscriminate eulogy of everything Furies with their snaky hair, we get domestic that came from Goethe's hand. He is utterly scenes and Electra at the wash-tub. without comparative criticism. Each piece is Unquestionably, Bielschowsky's method of described, analyzed, judged as if it stood by itself dealing with his subject is more human and in the world — was the only specimen of its kind more humane thạn that of Lewes. But is not in existence. his method a product of our present and possibly It seems to me that all opinion outside of passing mode of thought? Our age is anti- Germany practically echoes the judgments of patrician—it is resolute to do justice to woman, Goethe's first biographer. Is it true, for instance, to the poor, to the lower animals. It finds a as Bielschowsky seems to urge, that" Werther” higher pathos, a greater grandeur in Millet's is a classic of high rank? Historically, it is most Potato-diggers than in Marius brooding over important. It was the first prodigy of the storm the ruins of Carthage. It is doubtful whether and stress in Germany, and the parent of a vast such beliefs will hold. Greatness must regain brood of portentous monsters throughout Europe. its place in human imaginations. Take Goethe's But reading it to-day as a mere piece of liter- entanglement with women, about which Biel- ature, it seems slight and trivial — not to be schowsky does not spare him, and for which he compared with many preceeding or contemporan- represents Goethe as unsparing in self-condem eous English or French rovels. Similarly, “Götz nation. Would any one of the girls or women von Berlichingen ” is a pioneer production in whom Goethe loved have chosen to have lost the historical study, but it is certainly not equal in Goethe episode out of her life? His love was art and interest to much that has been done since; their crown of honor ; it brought them regard - Egmont, Egmont,” “ Tasso," “ Iphigenia,” are admir- and consideration and immortality. One and all, able dramatic studies, but they are not dramas. they would have rejected with disdain the thought | Bielschowskyanalyses “Hermann und Dorothea" 1908.] 31 THE DIAL success. as if it were a new “Iliad” or “Paradise Lost”; except to be patronized. She will make up to a but charming as the poem is in its rich realism, peasant like Burns, or a thief like Villon. You it can claim only a place with the best modern may beat her and starve her and quarrel with idylls. Wordsworth surpasses it in profundity her, and she will be faithful. But treat her and Tennyson in beauty; and “ Paul and Vir de haut en bas and she flies your house. Goethe ginia,” though in prose, has had a far wider became the great man of affairs, and then the The second part of “Faust” is good cool rationalizing student and critic of men and exercise for the wits of those people who take art; but the inexplicable gleam of imagination, their poetry hard, but it is formless, amorphous, the inevitable speech of inspiration, left him, — unfused. Probably Goethe's greatest books, not all at once, but slowly and surely. He grew after “Faust” and the lyrics, are “ Wilhelm Wilhelm | less and less a poet, as Shakespeare grew more Meister,” “ Dichtung und Wahrheit,” and the Conversations with Eckermann. The creative It is with Shakespeare, of course, that he power in the first two of these ranks Goethe with must be measured. He outranks all other the greatest novelists — hardly with the greatest moderns, if only by reason of the wonderful poets. The criticism in Eckermann, and indeed dream reality of Faust. As compared with throughout the multitude of Goethe's papers and Shakespeare, he utterly fails in the creation of letters, makes him the first of the discursive type men – leaving out Mephistopheles, who is an of critics. He had not the central ideas or the improvement on Iago. Shakespeare's gallery gift of sequence of Aristotle or Lessing. And of male portraits is unequalled in literature. he had to the full the German power of platitude, From the highest to the lowest, from King the gift of discovering mare's nests. There is Lear and Hamlet to Falstaff and Justice Shal- a discussion of one of his own Märchen, in low, the whole range of human intellect, the Eckermann, which is almost sublime in its whole exhibition of human character in action, solemn inanity. are there. How can the weak and shambling fig- Goethe's usual attitude toward his own work ures of Goethe-Weislingen, Clavigo, Egmont, was one of unaffected modesty. He said of Mo- Wilhelm, Faust himself Wilhelm, Faust himself- come into competi- lière, " It is well for little men like us to recur tion with Shakespeare's vital and virile types ? often to the works of the masters.” And when It is with his female creations that Goethe his enemies tried to place Tieck on a pedestal runs Shakespeare hardest, — and no one else in equal to his own, he said that the effort was as modern literature is in the race with them. He foolish as it would be for him to claim equality pierces perhaps as deep into the woman mystery with Shakespeare, who was an incomparably as his predecessor, but he lacks his variety and greater power than himself. splendor. Philina is as true a study of the Yet there was a time when Goethe exhibited baggage of easy virtue as Cressida or Cleopatra ; a pomp and prodigality of creative force, an but how she pales beside them! Marguerite enthusiasm and fire, which bade fair to place and Clärchen are as impassioned and devoted as him beside the greatest of all poets. In the Juliet or Imogen, but they are not as full and Frankfort period, when the lyrics fell from his rich. And the type of womanhood which we lips like the diamonds and pearls from the associate most with Shakespeare — the young mouth of the maiden in the fairy tale, when girl, pure as crystal, but gay, daring, witty -- “Faust” took form like autumn clouds collect this is entirely out of Goethe's list. ing from the mist at the bidding of the wind; when In the gift of design — the faculty that looks the fragments of “ Prometheus,” “ Mahomet," before and after, that fuses a work of art into “ The Wandering Jew,” were whirled off like one flaming whole, that tones it to one tune rings from a swiftly condensing nebula, — then here always omitting “ Faust”) Goethe is sadly he was a great poet; then he was all poet. Had to seek. Nearly all his works depend for their he chosen to have kept on with this kind of pro effect on single scenes or passages or characters duction, had he dedicated his life to the Muse, half detached from the canvas. Nature worked it is impossible to say to what heights he might more powerfully in Goethe than art. As he have risen. But he took another path - a path a path rejected the beliefs in design and special crea- that led to decorations and power, and of course tion in the world — as he was an Evolutionist to temporary usefulness and worldly duty well in science, a Neptunist rather than a Plutonist done. He became the Courtier, the Minister, and in geology --- so in literature he preferred to let for many years poetry was little more than a pas his creations arise spontaneously from his mind, time for him. The Muse will stand anything - rather than consciously to mould and arrange 32 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL them for a predetermined effect. And in speech from a poem of N. P. Willis. The latter sued him he preferred the ordinary sentences of human for fifty dollars ! conversation to the buskined phrases of the trage- The Poe letter is written on a single sheet of dians or the weighted and involved words of the letter-paper in the poet's clear and regular hand- epic poets. In all this he was the precursor of writing. It is characteristically Poesque in its elab- the modern school, and Count Tolstoi and Mr. orate courtesy and in the touch of temper at the end. Presumably Mr. Weld had been attacking Poe for Howells should rise up and call him blessed. some of his critical articles. The letter is as follows: But if we look back on literature we shall find that the things that have lasted best are those Philadelphia, August 14, 1841. HASTINGS WELD, Esqr., that have been best put together, that art and Dear Sir:— The proprietor of a weekly paper in this style are not negligible quantities. Goethe, city is about publishing an article (to be written partly indeed, strove after art and style with all his by myself) on the subject of American Autography. heart and soul, but he had not the instinct for The design is three-fold: first, to give the Autograph them. signature - that is, a fac-simile in woodcut--of each of The friends of Goethe will perhaps put most our most distinguished literati; second, to maintain that the character is, to a certain extent, indicated by the stress on his position as a teacher of mankind. chirography; and thirdly, to embody, under each Auto- And there is a vast amount of wisdom in his graph, some literary gossip about the individual, with a works — wisdom of the sagacious, prudent, low- brief critical comment on his writings. flying quality which we find in the essays of My object in addressing you now is to request that Lord Bacon or the proverbs of Franklin. “ Here reply to this letter. I would be greatly obliged to you, you would favor me with your own Autograph, in a or nowhere is America ” is a remarkable say also, could you make it convenient to give me a brief ing — but it would kill off the Columbuses. summary of your literary career. “ Let every man sweep the street before his own We are still in want of the Autographs of Sprague, Hoffman, Dawes, Bancroft, Emerson, Whittier, R. A. door good sense — but it is also narrow Locke, and Stephens, the traveller. If among your selfishness. On the other hand, there is through- papers you have the Autographs of either of these out Shakespeare's works a high spirit, a noble gentlemen (the signature will suffice), and will permit ness, a generosity and largeness of soul, both me to have an engraving taken from it, I will endeavor in the gnomic utterances and in the pictures of to reciprocate the obligation in any manner which you life, for which we look in vain in the literature may suggest. Should you grow weary, at any time, of abusing me of his more sober and prosaic rival. This pomp in the “ Jonathan" for speaking what no man knows to and prodigality of heaven must for all time be truth better than yourself, it would give me sincere appeal to the young, the ardent, the high- pleasure to cultivate the friendship of the author of - Corrected Proofs.” In the meantime, I am minded, while Goethe's sagacity will make him Very respy. Yours, the favorite of those who do not expect too much EDGAR A. PoE. of man or life. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. The signature of Mr. Weld, and all but two of the others asked for in the article, – whether fur- nished by Mr. Weld or not, it is now impossible to say, -- duly appeared in the promised article. It AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF POE. was entitled "A Chapter on Autography," was originally printed in three parts, and may be ex- An unpublished letter of Edgar Allan Poe has amined in the standard edition of Poe's collected come into the possession of THE DIAL, which now works. It reproduces in facsimile the autographs gives it for the first time in print. The original letter of a hundred literary celebrities of the day — and is the property of Mrs. A. H. Heulings, daughter of in many cases of that day only. These signatures the late Rev. Hastings Weld, long time the Rector serve Poe as tags on which to hang an equal num- at Moorestown, New Jersey. Mr. Weld in early ber of those snap-shot cock-sure literary judgments life was a well-known poet, story-writer, and essay which it was always his delight to evolve. Indeed, ist. He was one of the band of bright men who so anxious is he to play the critic that the proof of made things lively and interesting in the journals and his pet theory that the handwriting shows the man periodicals of the forties. His “Corrected Proofs,” speedily becomes a minor matter; and once at least a volume of light sketches and poems, has much the - in the case of Mr. Rufus Dawes in his desire same quality as the work of N. P. Willis. Later to characterize the author's longer poems as “pom- in life he edited a collection of religious poems, pous nonsense ” he ignores the question of chiro- which was popular. He was co-editor with Willis graphy altogether. of “ Brother Jonathan." One incident of his career Most of the literati whose signatures appear in is illustrative of the literary amenities of that day. | Poe's article must have read it with considerable In an article of his he had quoted a single stanza annoyance, unless they were blest with a sense of 1908.] 33 THE DIAL GUAGE humor strong enough to enjoy the extravagancies azine,” to which Thackeray regularly contributed. At and contradictions of their critic's temperament. Of considerable inconvenience, and only by withholding his Washington Irving he coolly says: own monthly contribution, the good-natured Englishman "Mr. Irving has travelled much, has seen many vicissi- succeeded in gratifying the unthrifty Irishman. Soon tudes, and has been so thoroughly satiated with fame as to after the article had been published, a correspondent ex- grow slovenly in the performance of his literary tasks. This posed it as a gross piece of plagiarism, much to Fraser's slovenliness has affected his handwriting. But even from annoyance, and even more to Thackeray's. But the his earlier manuscripts there is little to be gleaned, except light-hearted Celt, confronted with the proof of his the ideas of simplicity and precision.” literary rascality, only laughed heartily at it all as a The manuscript of W. C. Bryant, he admits with good joke. And the man he had injured and deceived rather unusual candor, could not find it in his heart to give over loving him as “Puts us entirely at fault. It is one of the most common- a most delightful and typical specimen of the Hibernian. place clerk's hands which we ever encountered, and has no Things of this sort, added to what FitzGerald has said of character about it beyond that of the day-book and the his old friend in his letters, make it impossible for us to ledger. . . . The picturesque, to be sure, is equally deficient doubt that there really once lived such a man as William in his chirography and in his poetical productions." Makepeace Thackeray. But it is when Poe comes to Emerson, whose autograph he relegates to the very end of his article, AN ENGLISH OPINION OF « THE AMERICAN LAN- that he is most diverting. Thus he flouts our New is entertainingly given in the current Book- England Jove: man " (New York). Mr. Charles Whibley, who has for “His [Emerson's] present rôle seems to be out-Carlyling about a year been making merry over the many strange Carlyle. . . . The best answer to his twaddle is cui bono ? things he saw and heard in this country, now delivers a Several of his effusions appeared in the Western Messenger' criticism of our spoken idiom, which he finds curiously - more in the 'Dial' of which he is the soul — or the sun like, and at the same time curiously unlike, the lan- or the shadow. ... His manuscript is bad, sprawling, illeg guage of his own land. Most surprising to us hurried ible, and irregular — although sufficiently bold. This latter and incoherent abusers of oral speech must be the trait may be, and no doubt is, only a portion of his general Englishman's discovery that “ America, with the true affectation." instinct of democracy, is determined to give all parts Mr. Howells, in his book recounting his early of speech an equal chance. . . . And so it is that the experiences in Boston, records that on his first visit native American hangs upon the small words; he does to Emerson he happened to mention Poe, whereupon not clip and sheer the unimportant vocables, and what the philosopher, after a moment's pause as though his tongue loses in colour it gains in distinctness.” he were trying to recall the name, said, “Oh, you Yet, times without number, we have been told that we mean the jingle man?” In this exchange of amen- clip and slur, elide and suppress, maiming and mangling ities, Emerson's characterization certainly had the our words beyond recognition; and that we cannot pronounce even the name of our country, America, in all advantage of brevity; but which was widest of the its four syllables. Mr. Whibley, furthermore, denies mark, it would be hard to say. that we speak through the nose: “it is rather a drawl,” “ that afflicts the ear, than a nasal twang.” Our slang and our love of hyperbole he dislikes, very natur- ally, and also our fondness for “long, flat, cumulous CASUAL COMMENT. collections of syllables, as “locate,''operate,'' antagonise,' SOME FRESH REMINISCENCES OF THACKERAY have transportation, commutation,' and proposition.'” Of been making their appearance in print of late. Mr. these “base coins of language,” the last on the list he Whitelaw Reid, though he never met the great novelist, calls “ America's maid of all work,” and adds that “it was for years a sympathetic listener to stories about means everything or nothing. It may be masculine, him. From the Old Centurions of New York, whose feminine, or neuter -- he, she, it. It is tough or firm, testimony was unanimous, he learned that Thackeray cold or warm, according to circumstances. But it has no was “big, hearty, and very human.” “ They didn't more sense than an expletive, and its popularity is a find him playing the lion the least little bit,” adds Mr. clear proof of a starved imagination.” Our picturesque Reid, “and we may hope he didn't find us playing the “ fall” (the season) he likes, but he shows himself a spread eagle too much. They pointed out the corner somewhat inaccurate observer in saying that “autumn in the Century Club where he used to sit exchanging is unknown with us. Among reading Americans it is literary chat, or, in Yankee parlance, 'swapping stories, about as common as the shorter word. with a group of clubmen about him. They could tell you years afterwards what had been Thackeray's OUR HOMELY EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MANNERS are favorite chair, and some had even been so observant of pleasantly pictured in a rather remarkable diary of travel the least trifles about the great man as to know what written (not for publication) by a certain Alexander particular concoction in a club tumbler had been his Hamilton, M.D., and now printed in a limited edition favorite night-cap.'” The late Professor Masson left for private circulation by Mr. William K. Bixby, the St. some reminiscences, recorded by his daughter, which are Louis bibliophile, to whom a small circle of book-lovers now appearing in an English magazine. Of his early are already indebted for various other literary curiosities. acquaintance with Thackeray he speaks at some length, Of Dr. Hamilton little is known. Born in Scotland, and and incidentally tells a story touchingly illustrative of coming to this country at some time after he had “ learnt his kindness of heart. An Irish friend, an improvident | pharmacy” of an Edinburgh surgeon, he settled at Anna- fellow to whom he had lent money more often and more polis, where he practised his profession, but was forced generously than he could well afford, at last begged his by illness in 1744 to travel in search of health. Leaving help in getting an article accepted by “ Fraser's Mag- | home on the 30th of May he journeyed northeastward he says, < 34 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL . wear. in a leisurely and zigzag course as far as Portsmouth look in at the hole, but could see neither coffin nor bones; and New Castle, arriving home again on the 27th of nothing but dust.” What visible and tangible “ remains,” September, after covering a total distance of 1624 miles. then, will there be to move, if the moving is ever at- “ Among the numerous journals and narratives of travel tempted? The difficulties of exhumation and identifi- during the Colonial period,” says Professor Albert Bush cation recently encountered in the Druce Case are as nell Hart in a preface to the book, “ few are so lively nothing compared with such an attempt to dis-inter and and so full of good-humored comment on people and re-bury, with due ceremony of solemn pomp, what is customs as the Itinerarium of Dr. Hamilton." This is probably nothing now but a mouldy void, a mildewed well; for of unamiable pictures of early American civil emptiness. ization there is a sufficiency. Yet even our pleasant LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM are neither mutually doctor was at times not exactly gallant toward the fair inclusive nor mutually exclusive; but they are strangely sex, though we need not judge of his conduct from the jumbled and as strangely contrasted in a recent address language of his diary. At Albany, he tells us, a friend by Mr. H. G. Wells before the Institute of Journalists, “ introduced me into about twenty or thirty houses, where in London. All good literature he declares to be a form I went thro' the farce of kissing most of the women, a of journalism, made for the hour and destined, according manner of salutation which is expected from strangers to the laws of life and literature, to disappear with the coming there. This might almost pass for a penance, hour. He also pronounces literature to be doomed and for the generality of women here, both old and young, journalism destined to take its place, at the same time are remarkably ugly.” In Philadelphia and New York lamenting his fate in not being a journalist. Does he, he shows himself somewhat critical of the ladies; but in by this lamentation, mean that his own books differ from Boston he deigned to be pleased with the daughters of “all good literature” in not being “a form of journal- a Mrs. Blackater who was from Scotland, however, ism, destined to disappear with the hour”? Does he which, perhaps, made all the difference. He finds fault, deplore such elements of permanent worth as may be not unnaturally, with the night-cap as an article of daily contained in “ The Time Machine," « The War of the Worsted night-caps were common, and linen Worlds,” and other ingenious romances of his? This night-caps were “much worn in all the churches and fabricator of more than up-to-date fiction protests against meetings of America that I have been in, unless it be the blind worship of a dead past, calling it a “cant of those of Boston, where they are more decent and polite the day" to depreciate the present in comparison with in their dress." The visitor was amused at the embar- antiquity. The only difference he can see between liter- rassment of two Philadelphians who appeared at a ature and journalism is that “journalism does not pre- Boston dinner in linen night-caps. These evidences of tend to immortality, and literature does"; and, further, superior refinement and culture in the Boston of a hun- he says that “ literature or classics are things of the dred and sixty years ago are interesting. Whatever the past. We no longer produce them. The industry has rest of the country might have been, 'Boston was no died out” and he is glad it has, apparently. For he white-cotton-night-cap country. asks, “ What is the typist, the city clerk, or the self- educated working-man to make of Ben Jonson or · The THE MOVING OF SHAKESPEARE'S BONES (despite the Faërie Queene'?” Nothing, probably, if he is content epitaphic curse pronounced upon the hardy digger of to remain a mere typist or clerk or working-man. In the poet's dust) and the re-interment of those bones in one of his lectures, Thomas Davidson used to speak with Westminster Abbey is periodically agitated; and this hearty contempt of “the self-satisfied smile of Philistine appears to be one of the periodical years. Not untimely superiority” with which many persons proclaim their in this connection are Washington Irving's words of indifference to the permanent things of the mind, their nearly a century ago, to be found in his “Sketch-Book." meaning simply being, “We are stupid, low, grovelling He says, toward the end of his essay on Stratford-on fools, and we are proud of it." It is almost such a smile Avon: “ As I crossed the bridge over the Avon on my that we see on the lips of this praiser of things that return, I paused to contemplate the distant church in disappear with the hour.” which the poet lies buried, and could not but exult in the malediction which has kept his ashes undisturbed THE MYTH-MAKING PROPENSITY OF CHILDREN is in its quiet and hallowed vaults. What honour could never more strongly appealed to than at the holiday his name have derived from being mingled in dusty com season, in connection with the Santa-Claus fiction; and panionship with the epitaphs and escutcheons and venal annually there recurs the never-ending discussion, among eulogiums of a titled multitude? What would a crowded well-meaning but unimaginative adults, whether the corner in Westminster Abbey have been, compared with good saint ought to be allowed a longer lease of life. this reverend pile, which seems to stand in beautiful But a character so celebrated in song and story, and loneliness as his sole mausoleum !” Even more perti with so firm a hold on youthful fancy, may laugh defi- nent is an earlier passage in the same essay: it seems ance at these yearly threats to forbid his approach to to prove the proposed scheme impossible, in addition to the Christmas-eve stocking. The editor of a certain its undesirability. “A few years ago," writes Irving, religious journal, far from joining in the outcry against “as some labourers were digging to make an adjoining Santa Claus as a promoter of pernicious make-believe vault, the earth caved in, so as to leave a vacant space and untruth-telling, has a sensible word to say in his almost like an arch, through which one might have defense. “There need be no difficulty in dealing with reached into his grave. No one, however, presumed to Santa Claus and the children,” he declares, “if one meddle with the remains so awfully guarded by a male remembers that the children are natural poets and diction, and lest any of the idle or the curious, or any myth-makers. . . . We know a family in which for collector of relics, should be tempted to commit depre many years the plain truth about Santa Claus and Saint dations, the old sexton kept watch over the place for Nicholas has been told, and yet the children have got two days, until the vault was finished and the aperture all the pleasure that those mythical characters could closed again. He told me that he had made bold to give. In the presence of the children the father of the 1908.] 35 THE DIAL family arrayed himself in fitting disguise as a venerable causes, are first befriended there.” One likes to see old man, and then, as he added the last touch, the chil that Mr. Howells, though he long ago left Boston to try dren's imagination did the rest, and he was, as by a “ a hazard of new fortunes ” in New York, is still true miracle, changed before their eyes from the familiar to his early love, the city that greeted and smiled upon person they knew into the Saint Nicholas of tradition the young Western poet and romancer when he entered and story. The plan had several advantages: the its gates in quest of fame and fortune. Nor must we truth was told, the children were delighted with their forget that earlier devout tribute of Emerson's, con- share in the transformation, and there was no after tained (we believe) in a letter to Whittier, wherein he thought of doubt and disappointment. Children are declared that when he opened his eyes in the morning adepts in the art of make-believe, and resent it when and thanked God that he was alive, he also thanked him their elders do not let them share the secrets of the especially " that I live so near Boston." process.” It is a truism that the child dislikes to have his make-believe rendered too easy for him. He An ENGLISH CENSORSHIP OF THE PRESS is suggested, knows, or more often she knows, that the rag baby is curiously enough, just at the time when England is mak- put together out of calico and sawdust; but it gives | ing a strenuous effort to disembarrass herself of her more genuine and lasting satisfaction than the finest wax absurd and discredited censorship of the stage. And doll from the toy-shop. The prosaic truth is all well this proposed return to mediæval methods was the enough in its own time and season; but it doesn't count suggestion of no fanatical pulpit-pounder or religious in the land of make-believe. enthusiast, but of an English author, and one too whose familiarity with stage folk and stage history must have A TWENTIETH-CENTURY DICKENS is recognized by a impressed him with the foolishness of dramatic censor- noted French critic in the author of “ Joseph Vance ship as now conducted in his own country. It was at an in Authors' Club dinner in London that Mr. Bram Stoker the Revue des Deux Mondes on “ The English Novel in put forward this plan of his, saying, in anticipation of 1907,” chooses one newer and several older novelists objections, that it is always the thieves and Hooligans for comment and criticism. The newer, one is Mr. who cry“ Down with the police!” and it is the immoral William De Morgan. Readers of Mr. Chesterton's book writers who object to a censor. Not so altogether; an on Dickens will remember that he predicted the sur- innocent man does not enjoy being searched for stolen vival of Dickens's name and fame to the overshadowing goods, and an inoffensive traveller is not made happy by of all other nineteenth-century English authors. The having his trunk turned topsy-turvy in quest of dutiable French critic inclines to agree with his English con- articles which he has already declared it does not contain. temporary in expecting Dickens to have an increasing Men cannot be legislated into morality, nor will govern- vogue, and he hails with satisfaction a possible, or he mental paternalism hasten the coming of the millennium. would seem to say a probable, successor to his kingdom. A FAMOUS AND SUCCESSFUL BOOKSELLER, whose name The preëminently Dickensian quality of Mr. De Morgan's is a household word to book-lovers, and whose rise from two published works is, the Frenchman thinks, warmth. This fervor contrasts strongly with the more or less apprenticeship to mastership in his trade is as interesting studied coldness of other current English novels. The as a romance, is made the subject, or a part of the sub- author has his heart and head on fire while he creates, ject, of a current magazine article entitled “ Bernard and the reader receives an indefinable sensation of heat. Quaritch and Others.” Mr. Quaritch, German by birth, The characters and events are believed in by their came to England and served his apprenticeship under Bohn (of blessed memory to unwilling delvers in classic creator, and readers are forced to believe in them too. M. de Wyzewa admits faults of style and execution, lore). When he decided to open a bookshop of his own, his master exclaimed with a snort: “ I like your impu- lack of originality in the adventures related, an absence dence! I'd have you know I'm the first bookseller in of moral and psychological qualities of value in the books,- in short, the stories have no precisely definable England.” “ Yes," returned the unabashed junior, “but merits of any sort; and yet he defies anyone to read I'm going to be the first bookseller in Europe.” And he was true to his word. Starting with next to no cap- them without an impression of tendre douceur of grace ital, he soon became “the boldest wolf in the pack.” He vivante, and of jeune gaîté. This coronation of a suc- cessor to Dickens is a little early — more than a little let nothing escape him that he wanted. Money seemed to be no consideration with him when he was after a early, in fact; but perhaps the Frenchman's removal in space from Anglo-Saxon soil may be accounted rare first edition or a precious manuscript. One of his Mazarine Bibles he valued at eleven thousand pounds. equivalent to a considerable remove in time from the present in which we ourselves judge of Mr. De Morgan. THE RETIREMENT OF A VETERAN FRENCH EDITOR, M. Henri Rochefort of L'Intransigeant, is announced. A NEW TITLE TO INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP has The name of the paper, the very sound of it as heard been acquired by Boston in Senator Tillman's assertion in the newsboy's shrill call, well denotes the character that it is “ the head-centre of all devilment." This of its editor and his editorials. Aggressive and uncom- “golden opinion” will do to go with the oft-repeated promising, he appeared to be never so much in his charge from less "advanced " districts that the home of element as when vigorously assailing men in high places. Channing and Parker and Phillips Brooks is a running It is not strange that he became familiar with prison life sore of skepticism in religion, a hotbed of heresy in the from the inside of stone walls and iron bars, that he things of the faith. Over against this adverse criticism, passed some years in exile, and that he was challenged however, as a Boston writer has recently pointed out, to many a passage at arms on the field of honor. Being is to be set Mr. Howells's well-considered opinion that now seventy-six years old, he may well feel entitled to a “most of our right-thinking, our high-thinking, still rest from his strenuous labors; but lovers of a journal- begins there [in Boston) and qualifies the thinking of istic style at once vigorous and picturesque will regret the country at large. The good causes, the generous his relinquishment of the editorial pen. 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL The New Books. some ac- THE ROMANCE AND POETRY OF PROVENCE.* On the appearance of Frédéric Mistral's “Mirèio" in 1859, Lamartine hailed its author, then only twenty-eight years old, as the Homer of his native land, and Adolphe Dumas styled him the Virgil of Provence. Honors and titles have ever since been offered him cepted, but perhaps more refused — and it was not long before his great epic enjoyed the distinction of translation into other and more widely known tongues. Miss Harriet Waters Preston's English version, published in Boston in 1872, has long been familiar to American and British readers. Of the poet himself, his fair land of Provence, its folk-lore and its dialect, much has been written, in periodicals and in books, by Miss Preston herself as well as by Mr. Janvier, Mr. Arthur Symons, the Pennells (collaborating with pen and pencil), Mr. C. T. Brooks, Alphonse Daudet, and others. Of the movement known as Félibrige, started by Joseph Roumanille, but more properly and more closely associated with the name of Mistral, it may be well to give here a little account before taking up the early life of him who has made the word Félibre familiar to the reading world. In the “ Memoirs of Mistral,” as translated by Miss Maud from the poet's “ Mes Origines," it is told how seven poets of Provence had assembled on the 21st of May, 1854, in the full tide of spring and youth, at the château of Font-Ségugne, when it was proposed, in view of the failure thus far of the young school of Avignon patriots to rehabilitate the Provençal tongue, that these seven should “band together and take the enterprise in hand.” «« « And now,' said Glaup, “as we are forming a new body we must have a new name. The old one of min- strel' will not do, as every rhymer, even he who has nothing to rhyme about, adopts it. That of troubadour is no better, for, appropriated to designate the poets of a certain period, it has been tarnished by abuse. We must find something new.' “Then I took up the speech. My friends,' said I, in an old country legend I believe we shall find the predestined name.' And I proceeded: «His Reverence Saint-Anselme, reading and writing one day from the Holy Scriptures, was lifted up into the highest heaven. Seated near the Infant Christ he beheld the Holy Virgin. Having saluted the aged saint, the Blessed Virgin continued her discourse to her Infant Son, relat- MEMOIRS OF MISTRAL. Rendered into English by Constance Elisabeth Maud. With lyrics from the Provençal by Alma Strettell (Mrs. Lawrence Harrison). Illustrated. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co. ing how she came to suffer for His sake seven bitter wounds. Here I omitted the recital of the wounds until I came to the following passage: • The fourth wound that I suffered for Thee, O my precious Son, it was when I lost Thee, and seeking three days and three nights found Thee not until I entered the Temple, where Thou wast disputing with the scribes of the Law, with the seven “ Félibres” of the Law.' At this phrase, “ the seven · Félibres' of the Law,” the seven young men cried out in chorus : 66 Félibre is the name ! Then followed, from one after another, the suggestion of various derivative terms, as “ félibrerie," to denote a branch of Félibres numbering not fewer than seven members; “ félibriser," meaning to meet together as the seven at Font-Ségugne were then doing; "félibrée," a festival of Provençal poets ; “ félibréen,” an adjective descriptive of the new association and its aims, and so on. The con- jectural derivation of Félibre, from faire and livre, may be referred to in passing. The task of compiling a dictionary of the Langue d'Oc was assumed by Mistral himself, and completed after twenty years of devoted labor. Of this “ Treasury of the Félibres” it has been said, by a competent judge : “ The history of a people is contained in this book. No one can ever know what devotion, knowledge, discrim- ination and intuition such a work represents, undertaken and concluded as it was during the twenty best years of a poet's life. All the words of the Oc language in its seven different dialects, each one compared with its equivalent in the Latin tongue, all the proverbs and idioms of the South, together with every characteristic expression either in use or long since out of vogue, make up this incomparable Thesaurus of a tenacious language, which is no more dead to-day than it was three hundred years ago, and wbich is now reconquering the hearts of all the faithful." But it is not for the completing of his dic- tionary that the world has of late had occasion to admire and applaud this poet-lexicographer ; but for his quiet refusal of a seat among the Immortals of the French Academy, when, con- trary to all precedent, the vacant chair was pressed upon him without previous solicitation on his part. Last year, too, he received the Nobel prize for patriotic literature -- a prize that has been devoted by him to the cause dearest to his heart-as a citizen of Provence. The gift from Sweden bas gone toward the pur- chase of an ancient palace in Arles, to be known hereafter as the Félibrean Museum, and to take the place of the small and inadequate building now occupied by the collection of Provençal antiquities and curiosities. The little village of Maillane, situated in the midst of a wide and fertile plain, is the scene of M. Mistral's childhood and youth. His early 27 1908.] 37 THE DIAL see. life here, and in the near vicinity at school, is kind of monster spider and gigantic crab, which scratch delightfully pictured in the volume of memoirs up the ground with their claws, and cut down the grain with cutlasses, and bind the sheaves with wire; then now first offered to English and American follow other monsters snorting steam, a sort of Tarascon readers two years after their translation into dragon who seizes on the fallen wheat, cuts the straw, French from the still earlier Provençal original. sifts the grain, and shakes out the ears of corn. All They cover only the years from 1830 to 1859, this is done in latest American style, a dull matter that is, from the poet's birth up to the publica- of business, with never a song to make toil a gladness, amid a whirl of noise, dust, and hideous smoke, and the tion of his best-known work. He was the only constant dread, if you are not constantly on the watch, child of his father's second marriage, a marriage that the monster will snap off one of your limbs. This pleasingly pastoral and romantic as described in is Progress, the fatal Reaper, against whom it is useless the Memoirs. to contend, bitter result of science, that tree of knowl- “ One summer's day on the Feast of St. John, Master edge whose fruit is both good and evil. François Mistral stood in the midst of his cornfields Contrast with this the simple ways of those watching the harvesters as they mowed down the crop earlier tillers of the soil of whom the poet's with their sickles. A troop of women followed the father was one. The word "- corn” is of course labourers, gleaning the ears of corn which escaped the to be taken in the generic, not the specific or rake. Among them my father noticed one, a handsome girl, who lingered shyly behind as though afraid to glean American, sense. like the rest. Going up to her he inquired: Who are “ As in the days of Cincinnatus, Cato, and Virgil, we you, pretty one? What is your name?' reaped with the sickle, the fingers of the right hand “ I am the daughter of Etienne Poulinet,' the young protected by a shield of twisted reeds or rushes. girl replied, the Mayor of Maillane. My name is Every day at dawn the reapers ranged themselves in Delaïde.' line, and so soon as the chief had opened out a pathway « • Does the daughter of Master Poulinet, Mayor of through the cornfield all glistening with morning dew, Maillane, come, then, to glean?' asked my father in they swungtheir blades, and as they slowly advanced down surprise. fell the golden corn. The sheaf-binders, most of whom “«Sir, we are a large family,' she answered, six were young girls in the freshness of their youthful bloom, daughters and two sons; and our father, though he is followed after, bending low over the fallen grain, laugh- fairly well off, when we ask him for pocket-money to ing and jesting with a gaiety it rejoiced one's heart to buy pretty clothes, tells us we must go and earn it. Then as the sun appeared bathing the sky all rosy That is why I have come here to glean.' red and sending forth a glory of golden rays, the chief, “Six months after this meeting, which recalls the raising high in the air his scythe, would cry, · Hail to old biblical scene between Ruth and Boaz, the brave the new day,' and all the scythes would follow suit. yeoman asked the Mayor of Maillane for his daughter's Having thus saluted the newly risen sun, again they fell hand in marriage; and I was born of their union.” to work, the cornfield bowing down as they advanced with rhythmic harmonious movement of their bare The scenes of country life and domestic happi- ... It was in this company, the grand sun of ness depicted in the Memoirs have all the fresh Provence streaming down on me as I lay full length beauty and simplicity that might have been beneath a willow-tree, that I learnt to pipe such songs expected from the pen that drew them. The as · Les Moissons' and others in Les Iles d'Or.'” lack of any word for “home” in the French Although the son of Master François Mistral language, and the common but hasty inference was sent away to learn his Latin and afterward that home-life also, at its best, is unknown to to study law, he seems never for a moment to the people of France, seem strange enough to have proposed for himself the practice of the one reading again and again in French memoirs profession for which he had made these prelim- the homely and touching accounts of family life inary studies. But rather, when he reached the and family joys and sorrows. Taine's early age of one-and-twenty, it was his resolve “ first, years at Vouziers and the tender relations exist to raise and revivify in Provence the sentiment ing between him and his mother have recently of race that I saw being annihilated by the false been described ; and now we have a still more and unnatural education of all the schools, charming picture of happy and affectionate secondly, to promote that resurrection by the domestic life in a Provençal farming com restoration of the native and historic language munity. Equally effective is the writer's pre of the country, against which the schools waged sentation of the primitive agricultural methods war to the death; and lastly, to make that of those unsophisticated peasant farmers of a language popular by illuminating it with the day that is fled. Before introducing the scene divine flame of poetry.” And on a later page of peace and innocence that he associates with he says: “ So it came to pass that I abandoned, his boyhood, he refers with sorrow to the once and for all, inflammatory politics, even as invasion of American methods and American one casts off a burden on the road in order to machinery. walk more lightly, and from henceforth I gave “Now at harvest time the plains are covered with a myself up entirely to my country and my art - arms. 38 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL а. we my Provence, from whom I had never received cusses in the second section of his work on aught but pure joy.” A high resolve, and nobly. Venetian private life. In these volumes the fulfilled. plan is the same as in the earlier ones : The book has (to give it the highest of all series of essays, each dealing with some phase praise) charm : it captivates the reader and of Venetian life and activity. As the period holds his attention to the end. Miss Maud's covered in this section is scarcely more than a translation is smooth, but - horresco referens century (roughly speaking, from 1450 to 1550), not always grammatical. “Laid down " for “ Laid down ” for this plan can be carried out with greater success “ lay down is bad, and “ between these and than in the work on the Middle Ages. Of par- is worse. Mrs. Harrison's interspersed ticular interest are the chapters on municipal and appended lyrics from the Provençal are activities, such as measures affecting the public skilfully executed. The portraits and other health (surely a problem in a city like Venice) illustrations are many and good. and the embellishment of the city ; Venetian art PERCY F. BICKNELL. and the private life of the artists ; the new move- ments in science and literature, including such subjects as schools, libraries, and the press; the type of beauty in men and women, and family VENICE IN THE GOLDEN AGE.* life in the upper and lower classes. In a large We usually think of the so-called Renaissance measure, therefore, the work deals with the as an age of creative intellect, an age that forms in which the Renaissance expressed itself renewed the European world. The correctness in Venice. It is further provided with a great of this view is beyond dispute ; still, all the number of excellent illustrations - photographs achievements of the period were not construc- showing the triumphs of the period in the indus- tive. We often forget that this same intellec- trial arts and architecture, and beautiful repro- tual upheaval threw much of the old world into ductions of the works of such masters in painting ruins. The passing of feudalism, with all that as Titian, Tintoretto, and Paris Bordon. the term implies, the historian can contemplate We have said that Venice alone of the Italian without regret. That the characteristic ideals cities seems to have survived the Renaissance ; of the Middle Ages should perish, is not strange but the survival is more apparent than real. and hardly to be deplored; their day of useful Venetian grandeur in the fifteenth century was But along with these much was the culmination of centuries of effort, but it also destroyed that the world could ill afford to lose. marked the beginning of municipal and imperial Says Professor Molmenti, in speaking of the decline. In the words of our historian, Italian Renaissance : “ Beneath this dazzling exterior, even in Venice, the “ The excessive and exclusive passion for the redis most powerful and flourishing state in the peninsula, the covered culture of Greece and Rome destroyed all germs of corruption gradually made themselves mani- religious sentiment, and converted the people of Italy fest. Trade and industry came to be despised by the into the most skeptical of European races. patricians and were left to the people, morals degen- gerated devotion to the antique which animated courts, erated, and the population which in the first twenty years palaces, and streets, weakened the spirit of patriotism. of the fifteenth century numbered 190,000 souls steadily The new learning . . . distracted men's minds from declined.” the active life of the nation; and so, on the ruins of Of special interest is the closing chapter of communal life, arose the despots.” the work, “ The Corruption of Manners,” in But to all this, Venice seems to be an exception. which the author gives us a detailed picture Venice had her share in the Renaissance : she of moral depravity that is almost past belief. had her Aldus Manutius, her Titian, her Cabots, But the wealth, the But the wealth, the power, the glory that had and hosts of others of lesser fame ; she had reacted so viciously on Venetian character was schools and libraries, poets and painters, build soon to pass : with the opening of the sixteenth ers and navigators. But the new movement did century commercial decline becomes evident. not overwhelm Venice; the city continued her For this, three reasons may be assigned : the independent career along the old lines, under the newer ambitions for possessions on the mainland old constitution, busied more than ever with com of Italy, in the pursuit of which the resources merce and conquest; her golden age had begun. of the city were dissipated; the discovery of It is this age that Professor Molmenti dis the new route to Asia which established com- * Venice. Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Begin. petition all along the western coast of Europe and nings to the Fall of the Republic. By Pompeo Molmenti. condemned the Adriatic trade to a slow but sure Translated by Horatio F. Brown. Part II., The Golden Age. In two volumes. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. death ; and, lastly, the losses to the Turks in ness was over. The exag- 1908.] 39 THE DIAL ever the Archipelago and along the Dalmatian coast SOCIALISM CONDEMNED.* which shattered the prestige of the Venetian navy. It is interesting to note that in 1502 the As Mr. Mallock explains in a prefatory note Venetian government, realizing the new state to his Critical Examination of Socialism," he of affairs, proposed to the Soldan of Egypt that was invited in the autumn of 1906 to deliver a a canal be cut through the Isthmus of Suez. series of addresses on the subject of Socialism, The historical writer who delights in the in America. Most of us have already heard or picturesque can hardly, find a more congenial read a good deal about the things Mr. Mallock subject than Venice at the opening of the mod said and did in this country; and no doubt ern age ; it is a theme that ought to call out his enough interest has been aroused to ensure his best energies. But when we come to consider book a large circulation. It may also be anti- how the author and the translator in the present cipated that of those who take up the volume case have done their work, we confess to a feeling most will read it through ; for the author, what- of disappointment. As in the earlier volumes else may be said of him, is not dull. the defect that strikes one first is the inadequate The main argument, so far as it may be con- translation. The author quotes quite freely densed into a few words, is as follows: Manual from his sources, and all such extracts the labor is not the source of all wealth ; in parti- translator has left in the original. Frequently cular, its effects are increased many fold by the reader strikes an entire page where English directive ability, including in this term invention is almost wanting ; consequently, to the student as well as the immediate application of directive who knows no Italian the work is of doubtful intelligence to industrial operations. It is evi- value. At times the reader is left with the dent from the work of craftsmen in ancient feeling that the author has not wholly mastered times, that manual skill has not sensibly in- his materials, that the quality of discrimination creased for many centuries, and hence the great is wanting. In his effort to mention all who additions to wealth now realized by human effort have achieved prominence in any given field, must be due to directive ability. It follows that the author often fails to give us anything but inasmuch as this ability is exercised by the few, a mere list of names. In one case, nearly fifty and yet is responsible for more than half the artists are named on a single page (I., 101); output, ordinary labor is not only not deprived many such pages make dull reading. Still, on of any of its just share, but actually receives the whole the work is neither dull nor dry ; on much more than it would be entitled to on prin- the contrary, the style is often so florid and ciples of abstract justice. It also follows that exuberant as to provoke amusement. if directive ability were not exercised, and if respects these volumes are an improvement on there were not means to compel the mass of the earlier ones; but in the study of a single workers to submit to it, the product of labor century so rich in sources as that which fol would rapidly fall, and the whole country would lowed the invention of printing, we should be impoverished. Those who are conscious of expect a more positive expression of historical special ability will not as a rule exercise it unless virtues than in a work covering nearly a thou- given sufficient inducements to do so. The pos- sand years and based on the sometimes dreary sibility of acquiring wealth and power affords and often fragmentary annals of the Middle such an inducement in the modern world, and Ages. LAURENCE M. LARSON. attracts to the management of industry such abilities as would in earlier times have been “THE SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY,” as edited by Pro- given to aggressive war and other non-productive fessor Gollancz and published by Messrs. Duffield & Co., enterprises. At the same time, those who engage has an elastic plan which permits the publication of many in production are compelled to be serviceable to sizes of volumes. We recently made mention of some mankind at large, for if their product is unsatis- of the smaller volumes, and we now note the appearance factory, actually or relatively, the public will of three of the larger ones. The largest of all is entitled not pay for it, and the business fails. To dimin- “Shakespeare's Holinshed," and brings into comparison the text of the Chronicle with the historical plays. This ish seriously the rewards of directive ability is the work of Mr. G. Boswell-Stone. Another volume would be disastrous, as it might cause much of is “Robert Laneham's Letter, Describing a Part of the this ability to be withdrawn from industrial Entertainment unto Queen Elizabeth at the Castle of enterprises. To free the workers from obliga- Kenilworth in 1575," edited by Mr. F. J. Furnivall. The third volume, also edited by Mr. Furnivall (with tion to obey the commands of those over them the aid of Mr. Edward Viles), is called “ The Rogues A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF SOCIALISM. By W. H. Mallock, and Vagabonds of Shakespeare's Youth." New York: Harper & Brothers. In many 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL would be equally disastrous, as it is only by is unquestionably beneficial. It is nevertheless submitting to such commands that production a most hopeful sign that men are coming more can be kept up to the present level or increased. and more to see that a far greater measure of Hence some form of “wage slavery,” so-called, justice and economy, and ultimately of happiness, is inevitable, and the so-called “unearned incre is attainable; and having come to this conclusion, ment” is not taken from those who had any are determined to further its attainment. thing to do with its production. The manage The most obvious objection to Mr. Mallock's ment of industry by the State would necessarily position, and the most fundamental, concerns his amount to this, that in place of various separate assumption that to-day superior ability is suitably corporations there would be substituted one rewarded, having regard to its services. If any- great one, against the operations of which there one will consider for a moment the history and would be no appeal, and the success of which present status of, let us say, the industries con- would not be checked in every detail by com nected with electricity, it will be apparent that parison with other like enterprises. the relation between seryice and reward is of the Some indication is given throughout the vol- loosest possible kind. Mr. Mallock freely recog- ume of the criticisms made by Socialists at the nizes invention as part of “directive ability, time the addresses were delivered. The matter whether the ideas formulated are carried out at is complicated by the fact that there is great the time, or long after; and it is well known diversity among the Socialists themselves con that the various applications of electricity, like cerning their doctrines ; no doubt even more practically all applications of scientific discovery, diversity than there is among non-Socialists rest upon the work of generations of men, many about practical politics, inasmuch as ideals are of whom never lived to know the economic value not kept within the narrow bounds prescribed of their work, or receive the commensurate by actual conditions. It is unfortunate, though rewards. To argue that those who finally bring no doubt inseparable from the authorship, that this work to the point of productivity are to be the criticisms of other writers, great and small, regarded for practical purposes as the producers are given in the most arrogant and unsympa of the new wealth, is to take an absurdly narrow thetic spirit, and hence tend to provoke oppo- view. Mr. Mallock reasons that if we choose sition rather than an effort to come to some we may remove the “ cause of anything indefi- reasonable understanding. One does not need nitely, and that for practical ends we treat the to be a Socialist to feel continually that argu- proximate causes as real ones ; and in particu- ments are overstrained and facts ignored. All lar, must so treat those over which have any must agree with the proposition that modern control. This is sound enough, but it requires human society needs all the ability, manual or little imagination to see that of all the controlla- otherwise, which it can command for the pur- ble causes contributing to the advancement of poses of useful production. It is equally evi- production, the researches of science, prior to any dent that this ability will not be forthcoming possibility of commercial profit, are of the most without suitable stimuli, and no one doubts that fundamental importance. Passing over this phase it is one of the principal cares of organized man of the matter, however, we find ourselves asking kind to provide such stimuli in proper amount whether as a matter of fact the most useful mem- and kind. The practical question is, granting bers of society, having regard to the immediate organized industry, how shall individuals be so results of their labors, are the most encouraged, stimulated that their reactions will result in the and particularly whether pernicious activities of greatest good to themselves and their fellows ? various kinds are adequately checked. It hardly In the case of any other species but Homo seems possible to me that any thoughtful person, sapiens, the answer is relatively simple, because socialist or otherwise, can be satisfied with Mr. the stimuli and reactions are normally very con- Mallock's treatment of these questions. stant, and practically the same for all. The An ideal human society, so far as I am able choice of good and evil, given to man, is indeed a to imagine it, would be one in which all the dangerous weapon, as well as a means of incalcu- individuals were usefully and happily occupied, lable advantage. Judges we are, however, and each one in the manner most profitable, having we find ourselves in the position of having to de- regard both to his nature and the needs of his cide what lines of conduct are to be encouraged, fellows. That all would have the means neces- what repressed. The rough and ready methods of sary for life and work needs scarcely to be modern capitalism do indeed have their influence postulated, as without it the first condition could upon conduct, and in many respects this influence not obtain. In such a society the rich man we 1908.] 41 THE DIAL would be the one capable of using more than AN ENGLISH LIFE OF TASSO.* most of his fellows, whether of materials or of service, or both. Organization would be carried In attempting a new biography of Torquato to a high pitch, no doubt; but constant effort Tasso, Mr. William Boulting had a golden would be made to avoid sacrificing the man for opportunity. Off the Continent, the field was the sake of increased production, as is habitually free and virtually untrodden. The most recent done to-day. It would remain, as it is to-day, a life in English, an essay by Mary C. Phillimore, constant problem to secure a rational equilib- appeared over twenty years ago. The better- rium between the tendency to uniformity pro- known work of Milman (1850) and the life by moted by the majority, and the nonconformist Henry Wilde (1848) have long been hope- activities of individuals and groups. This antag- lessly antiquated. Meanwhile the unwearied onism is woven into the very fabric of our researches of the Italians, above all Mazzoni and existence, and without it life would sink below Solerti, not to speak of subtle interpretations the level of rational consciousness. Similarly, by such men as Carducci and Nencione, or to as the bud waits for the stimulus of the sun's mention an array of monographs in France rays, so every individual would depend for and Germany, have given substance and pre- proper development upon awakening forces, cision to the meagre outline, inaccurate and some provided by nature, others furnished, con misleading, that used to pass for a biography of sciously or otherwise, by his fellows. That the Tasso, and have gone far toward putting him man-made inducements to the exercise of " direc- and his poetry into something like true relations tive ability” need be of the gross and often with the age that begot them. To present demoralizing character that they are in present the results merely of Italian scholarship and day industrial life is as absurd a proposition as criticism, to give us in succinct and readable one which might have been put forward in less English an account of the author of “ Jerusalem civilized times, that no healthy man could be Delivered as he is now known in his own happy without adequate opportunities for com country, and to do this in such fashion that mitting murder. It is not contended that the we might be sure the picture was true both in question of stimuli is a simple one; on the con the single details and in the sum of them, was, trary, it is one of the most difficult, involving, for a literary man, the chance of a lifetime. with the responses, the whole matter of the This was Mr. Boulting's chance. How has he interrelations of human beings and the conse- accepted it? quent interest of human life. So far as we can judge, he has proceeded as The truth is, that Socialism does not imply follows : he has read his authorities with atten- a state of society wholly different from the tion though not with a high degree of scholarly present; nor is it a means of escaping the basic acumen, has gathered excerpts and quotations problems and difficulties which vex us to-day. liberally, though in the main without anxiety to Mr. Mallock himself says that “Socialism, no recall the particular sources from which they matter how false as a theory of society, and, no were copied, and then, with a certain impetus matter how impracticable as a social programme, and abandon,-cutting his bridges, so to speak, will have called attention to evils which might behind him, he has marched rapidly through otherwise have escaped attention, or been rele- the enemy's domain. The enemy means the gated to the class of evils for which no allevi. devotee of minute scholarship—the dunderheads ation is possible.” If Socialists are themselves whose love for Tasso has been so thorough that of diverse opinions, if they remain vague as to they have spent decades in quest of the slightest details of their programme, these things need shreds of truth about him, when any one of not be regretted, for there is thereby assured a them might have written a popular life of him plasticity which will permit adaptations to the in a tenth of the time. Their stores Mr. Boulting various conditions arising in the course of social has not been loth to ransack, while treating the evolution. In attacking the theories advanced, owners with apparent disdain. Of the four Mr. Mallock has done a good service. On the foot-notes throughout his 307 pages of text, only purely intellectual side, his criticisms, valid or one refers to any author who has written on otherwise, will arouse fruitful thought and dis- Tasso, and that one to Milman. We should have cussion ; but though we must admit that he been better satisfied if Mr. Boulting had every- justly accuses many socialists of improperly where specifically indicated his indebtedness to prejudicing the subject, we cannot acquit him of this same fault. * TASSO AND HIS TIMES. By William Boulting. New York: T. D. A. COCKERELL. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 42 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL the fifty-three works cited in his Bibliography historical background that he describes, or of (pp. 309, 310); for however the absence of such his sympathy for his central figure, Tasso. His indication may appeal to the author, it strikes book is written in what is often a vivacious style, the conscientious reader as a serious and baffling suffering, it is true, from frequent overloading omission. of detail in an effort to heap up incidents that In consequence of the omission, one is priv- are picturesque, and marred now and then by ileged to estimate the volume in part by its the pathetic fallacy (as on page 1) in descriptions attitude toward scholarship and life in general. of external nature ; yet bound to be considered “ Most scholars,” we learn on page 53, “are the foremost work on the subject in English men of narrow if not mediocre intelligence," until someone with a better understanding for locking themselves up “ in pedantry,” and en scholarship and its relation to all forms of lit- deavoring “ to impose their own fetters on men erature, including poetry and popular biography, of real life and spirit.” This, though said (or shall appear in America or Great Britain, to rather because it is said) incidentally, is signi- unite his own researches, painful and circum- ficant enough, and needs no comment. Again, spect, with the labors of Continental authorities here is an edifying view of life, in the portrayal on Tasso, and to illumine the whole with that of a Venetian marriage (p. 46): optimistic and humanizing spirit which is the “Two young people are made one: probably they true effulgence of scholarship, philosophy, and will learn to love one another (each other ?] as indif- poetry. ferently well or hate one another with much the same fervor as other married folk; at present they are almost Something remains to be said about the strangers." externals of the volume. The printing is gen- What, one would like to know, has that sort erally so accurate that a slip on the title-page of twaddle to do with Tasso? Wherever it is (Simondi for Sismondi) is almost as annoying found, in Lord Chesterfield's Letters or out as the misquotation from Wordsworth at the of them, one is bound to stamp it as untrue to bottom of page 137. The twenty-four illus- life, and vulgar. The habit of judging by vul- trations, beginning with the Uffizi portrait of gar averages leads on to a form of cynicism, Tasso and ending with “Tasso's Oak” on which is ordinarily condoned, in the considera- page 302, are nothing less than admirable. tion of the highest intepreters of life, the philo- | The book is well worth having if only for the sophers and poets (pp. 186, 194). Philosophers, pictures. we are told,“ have rarely been noted for practical Allowance made for the sort of faults which wisdom.” Neither has the multitude in any other I have tried to suggest, it is well worth having walk. But how about Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, in any case. Its merits are more obvious, and Leibnitz? As for the poets, — the pale dubious do not seem to demand an extended rehearsal. presence of an unnamable renaissance vice " is It is unquestionably opportune. reflected in the sonnets of what is, perhaps, the LANE COOPER. healthiest mind of all time.” Fortunately, not the average, but the best expositor of Shake READERS who delight in curious and out-of-the-way peare's Sonnets, Canon Beeching, finds reflected knowledge will enjoy the two volumes of the Grafton in them the lovely sentiment of a David for a Historical Series (Grafton Press), “Old Steamboat Days on the Hudson" by Mr. David Lear Buckman, Jonathan, something, humanly speaking, like the and “In Olde New York" by Mr. Charles Burr Todd. friendship disclosed in the twenty-first chapter of They are small books, well made and illustrated. The the Fourth Gospel. former gives a detailed history of navigation on the These bits of worldly wisdom on scholars, Hudson, beginning with a sketch of Robert Fulton and married life, philosophers, and the like, are, of his invention of the steamboat, his monopoly and its downfall through the famous decision of the Supreme course, obiter dicta, bearing but a fractional Court in the case of Gibbons vs. Ogden. The author proportion to the whole work; yet it would be traces the improvement of the boats, with their names too much to expect that their animus does not and those of their captains, up to the great passenger impair the tone of an otherwise welcome narra- steamers of the present day. The many pictures of these tive. Judged by an average standard, Mr. boats are perhaps the most interesting feature of the book. Mr. Todd's volume consists of a collection of Boulting's “ Tasso and His Times” is a read- sketches and articles, most of them written many able book, full of interesting history and bio years ago. They deal with curious matters of the past graphical information with which few will be that have been swept away by the rush of modern likely to quarrel. The author seems to know business and improvement. Among the twenty-five his Italy well at first hand, and there is no papers we note “ The Old City Dock,” “Some Old Booksellers," « The Old Jumel Mansion," " Johnson question of his ability to imagine himself in the Hall,” etc. 1908.] 43 THE DIAL the same place among our novelists as was occupied RECENT FICTION.* a few years ago by Henry Seton Merriman. He Mr. Hewlett is nothing if not versatile, and it has much the same neatness of technique, the same should be no surprise to his readers to discover that versatility, and the same constructive ability. One his new novel is an English tale of the Regency may take up almost any of his later books with the period, and that it reproduces the life of England a assurance that it will offer agreeable entertainment hundred years ago with extraordinary vividness and by means of a logically coherent narrative, and will verisimilitude. “The Stooping Lady” is its title, be found almost wholly free from surplusage. His and the heroine thus described is a truly adorable latest novel, “ The Broken Road,” has for its scene creature. She stoops indeed, but only to conquer, one of the smaller protected States of India, and for and the mésalliance to which she condescends se its main subject a native uprising which seems to cures her in the affections of every reader of generous threaten, on a small scale, a repetition of the horrors impulses, although it horrifies her own aristocratic of the Mutiny. The hereditary prince of this State circle. For Lady Hermia, brought from a girlhood is a young man who has been sent to England as a spent in Irish wilds to shine in London society, and child, and educated at Eton and Oxford. He has eventually to make a match suitable to her station acquired the veneer of European culture, and tries and lineage, looks coldly upon all the noble gentle to think of himself as an Englishman. But when men who sue for her hand, and bestows her favor he returns to India, he learns, with much bittterness upon a young man good to look at, but a butcher by of soul, the lesson of his racial inferiority. Having trade and a radical by political bent. This marvel fallen in love with an Englishwoman (who has results from his good luck in becoming the victim rather encouraged his advances), he discovers that of gross injustice at the hands of her family, and his aspirations make him an object of derision, thereby attracting the attention and winning the that a “nigger,” though he be a prince, must know cominiseration of the heroine. From the sympathy his place. Thereupon he becomes once more an thus stirred to the love later awakened is but a step, Oriental, and enlists as the leader of the fanatical and her capitulation is the consequence of a siege agitators who are fomenting rebellion against English carried on by absurdly simple means. For some rule. The plan fails, and he is driven into exile; months the hero keeps entirely out of her sight, but but it provides us with some exciting moments. Mr. all the more in her mind because of the bunch of Mason's work is fairly comparable with that of Mr. white violets he sends her daily, no matter where Kipling and Mrs. Steel in the same field, and has she may be. The cumulative effect proves irresist the same essential message — the teaching that the ible; and when she makes surrender, it is complete. Asiatic can no more change his nature than the Then tragedy intervenes, and a chance pistol shot leopard his spots, and that the European can never puts an end to the man's life and the woman's hap- understand his actions because he can never appre- piness. We are unprepared for this consummation, ciate the motives from which they spring. and it seems rather wanton ; probably the author The eccentric-pathetic type of character, projected believed it necessary to give artistic completeness to into modern literature by Cervantes, has been illus- Lady Hermia's experience and to his delineation of trated for us more than once by the inventions of her character. We need hardly add that this story Mr. Quiller-Couch. We may again find it exempli- has a distinction that sets it far apart from fiction fied, in a very humble way, in the titular character in the ordinary sense, and insures for it something of his “Major Vigoureux." This faithful old soldier, like permanence in our literature. after the wars are over, is placed in charge of a Mr. A. E. W. Mason has come to occupy about military post on one of the Channel Islands. For years all goes well, and then he is dealt a blow in * THE STOOPING LADY. By Maurice Hewlett. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. the shape of an official order withdrawing the gar- THE BROKEN ROAD. By A. E. W. Mason. New York: Charles rison and dismantling the battery. He himself is Scribner's Sons. MAJOR VIGOUREUX. By A. T. Quiller-Couch. New York: not included in the order, and so he remains at his Charles Scribner's Sons. post and upon the pay-roll of the War Office, but THE COURAGE OF BLACKBURN BLAIR. By Eleanor Talbot Kinkead. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co. the glory has departed from his life, and he is all THE JESSOP BEQUEST. By Anna Robeson Burr. Boston: the time haunted by a miserable suspicion that his Houghton, Mifflin & Co. retention in the service is only an oversight, and that THE CONVERT. By Elizabeth Robins. New York: The Macmillan Co. he may be turned adrift at any moment. This is a THE LION'S SHARE. By Octave Thanet. Indianapolis: The suggestion of his character, and this is the situation Bobbs-Merrill Co. By Harold Bindloss. which we find at the beginning of his story as Mr. New York: R. R. Fenno & Co. Quiller-Couch has related it for us. Many things THE SETTLER. By Herman Whitaker. New York: Harper happen as the story goes on, and they prove well & Brothers. THE CRUCIBLE. By Mark Lee Luther. New York: The Mac worth the chronicling, but we will not attempt to set millan Co. them forth. The author's capricious fancy and rich By Merwin-Webster. New York: The Macmillan Co. humor are familiar to all his readers, whom we are MAM' LINDA. By Will N. Harben. New York: Harper & content to notify that “Major Vigoureux" is fully Brothers. THE BROKEN LANCE. By Herbert Quick. Indianapolis: as entertaining and human a book as any of the long The Bobbs-Merrill Co. series of its predecessors. THE MISTRESS OF BONAVENTURE. COMRADE JOHN. 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL real sense, We had occasion to bestow cordial praise, some love interest. It is a well-written story in point of months ago, upon a novel of Southern life entitled style, but exhibits a low degree of vitality, and is “ The Invisible Bond.” It now appears that the burdened with much inconsequential detail. author, Miss Eleanor Talbot Kinkead, planned the Miss Elizabeth Robins (Mrs. Parkes) is an accom- book as the first section of a trilogy having for its plished novelist whose work we have often praised ; purpose the presentation of the three great funda but we cannot congratulate her upon “The Convert,' mental relations of life.” The relation of man which is not a novel in any but a hyster- toward woman was its theme, and the action revolved ical tract in advocacy of woman's suffrage. We do about a case of divorce. The relation of man toward not object to a certain amount of veiled didacticism humanity and the relation of the individual toward in a work of fiction, but in this case zeal gets the the divine were the two themes left to be portrayed | better of discretion, and the book is as much an by concrete examples in the remaining sections of offence against literary good manners as are the the trilogy. The first of these two is now dealt actions of the “suffragettes” which it defends an with in “The Courage of Blackburn Blair,”a modern offence against every sane ideal of social seemliness. instance of moral heroism brought into close relations The mark of the fanatic is upon every page, and with the Goebel campaign that convulsed Kentucky nothing that might be called "sweet reasonableness” a few years ago. The hero is a young lawyer and is anywhere apparent. The cause that needs to be politician who realizes how false is that conception espoused in such fashion as this in order to attract of personal honor which in Kentucky, and in the attention is in a bad way indeed. South generally, requires a man who is insulted to A struggle for the control of a railway company, commit a murder for the vindication of his character. the abduction of a magnate who is held until he Early in the narrative he voices his protest against comes to terms, the kidnapping of a boy, a train the iniquity of this unwritten social law, and says robbery, and a mysterious Chinese episode, are a few that the man who should dare to brave it would be of the matters which engage our attention in “The a saviour to his people.” The words are of prophetic Lion's Share,” Miss Alice French's new novel. To import, for Blackburn Blair is himself destined to be these, the San Francisco earthquake is added as an put to the test, and when it comes, his conscience effective climax. We do not pretend to understand triumphs over the exactions of the code and he bears what the story is all about, or just how its episodes patiently the resulting imputation of cowardice. It and characters are related, but we can testify to its is hard to endure the political disfavor and the social possession of an interest which is continuous if not ostracism that are his immediate reward ; it is harder coherent. The author, who can be a real novelist still to discover that his restraint causes the girl when she tries, would be the last person in the world he loves to shrink from him. But in the end he to expect us to take this preposterous invention seri- gives convincing proof that he is no coward, and ously. Its purpose is entertainment of the lightest some dim notion of the splendid moral heroism he sort, and this it gives us in full measure. has shown throughout becomes perceptible even to We have previously had occasion to speak in the minds of his enemies. The fine idealism of this terms of praise concerning Mr. Harold Bindloss, book, to say nothing of its many other admirable both for his skill in combining romantic sentiment qualities, gives it a high place among the novels of with a rather grim sort of actuality, and for the freshness of interest imparted to his novels by the “The Jessop Bequest,” by Miss Anna Robeson unworked field to which they take us - the Canadian Burr, offers a case of conscience. The case is a Northwest. “ The Mistress of Bonaventure” is the perfectly clear one, for it is nothing less than the latest of these novels to come to our attention, retention by the heroine of a fortune that really although it would seem to be a reprint of an earlier belongs to a philanthropic society. It all hangs upon work. Again we have pictured the hard life of the the date upon which the heroine's mother died. By English settler in his struggle with cold winters and means of trickery and false affidavits the date is set hot summers and crop failures and prairie fires and a few days ahead, and the fortune diverted to the relentless usurers. In the present instance, the usurer daughter. We should say at once that the heroine is the chief source of the woes that come upon the knows nothing of this, and that the fraud is charge- hero, who is both stripped of his possessions and able to the leading politician of the town (who wishes falsely accused of crime by his implacable enemy. to marry the girl) with the connivance of her grand- | The heroine is the daughter of a capitalist who owns father, an amiable clergyman of weak character and the neighboring Bonaventure ranch, and, although wobbly morals. When the heroine learns the facts, reared in luxury, is the sort of young woman who she at once renounces the personal benefits of her can recognize genuine manhood beneath the roughest fortune, and insists that her grandfather shall make of exteriors. These being the conditions, the logi- restitution. Since he has already squandered a con cal outcome is evident enough. Disaster does not siderable part of the property, he cannot meet her daunt our hero-farmer, and in the end his enemy demand at once, and pleads for time. This device makes a hasty escape over the border, while the permits the story to run on long enough for the coming of the railway brings assured prosperity to heroine to win fame as an artist, and long enough the man who had been so nearly down and out. It also for the development of the somewhat anæmic is a stirring story of real men and women, full of the year. 1908.] 45 THE DIAL incident, and fairly well written, although the style dition makes Comrade John out of the man who is now and then disfigured by a slovenly touch. under his true name has a national reputation. A second exploiter of this same field is Mr. Like most prophets of his stripe, Stein has an eye Herman Whitaker, whose story of “The Settler” for womankind, and he contrives to get a beautiful again tells the struggle of man with nature in a and credulous girl into his toils. She is to be a sort western Canadian province. The hero in this case of high priestess of the new religion, and incidentally, is a very rough diamond indeed, and a variation of when Stein shall have divorced his present wife, she the usual framework of these stories is offered by is to marry him. The story is mainly concerned the fact that he wins the heroine early in the narra with the rescue of this girl by the architect, who tive instead of at the close. Presently she becomes falls in love with her, opens her eyes to the whole discontented with the hard conditions of her life, and miserable imposture, and exposes the prophet to his a separation follows, which keeps the two apart for deluded followers. The story ends with a series of a long time. Meanwhile, the husband has a hard hurried escapes, the lovers fleeing in one direction, time of it, but stakes everything upon the construc and the charlatan in another. It is a highly amus- tion of a branch railway, which he finally succeeds ing tale, told with much spirit, and with a delectable in building despite the desperate opposition of the fertility of humorous invention. Canadian Pacific. Then his own stubbornness and Mr. Harben's homely tales of life in Georgia are his wife's pride relax sufficiently to bring about a always pleasing in design, and his character-sketches reunion. As compared with Mr. Bindloss, the pres bear the stamp of faithful observation. He knows ent novelist has a more animated manner and a his own people, negro and white, and they offer him greater flexibility of style, besides having a keener a variety of types quite sufficient for his needs as a eye for dramatic effect. novelist. The negro figures quite prominently in The heroine of “The Crucible," by Mr. Mark “Mam' Linda,” his latest novel, which is, in fact, Lee Luther, is a child who in a fit of passion attacks essentially a presentation of one aspect of what we her sister with the first convenient weapon, inflicting are apt to call the negro problem without having a slight wound. For this outburst of temper, her much idea of the exact nature of that problem. In unnatural mother has the child taken to court and this story a negro boy is wrongfully accused of crime, sentenced to a three years' term in the State Refor and the passions of his pursuers are so inflamed matory. There we find her when the story opens, against him that his case seems desperate. But he sullen and resentful, condemned to menial tasks, long has a friend in the hero, a young lawyer, who knows ing for the open fields from which the gray walls the boy to be innocent, and who risks his profes- keep her. Yet the discipline imposed upon her is sional and political career by his championship. It what she most needs, and the institution is the cruci seems to him that the good name of the community ble for the refining of her character. When freed, and the very cause of Southern civilization are at she becomes a shop-girl in New York, but her past stake in this affair, and his fine impersonal stand comes up against her, and she is brought to desperate eventually wins for him the safety of the boy, the straits. Finally, the fairy prince appears, a young suffrage of his fellow-citizens, and the love of the artist who had befriended her in her reformatory heroine — a reasonably adequate return for his days, and whose memory she has ever since cher efforts. The author by no means looks at the negro ished. They are married, but she fails to tell him through rose-tinted glasses, but he understands him, of a certain episode in her shop-girl days -- an inno which is more to the point, and his attitude is typical cent affair, but one that might seem suspicious of the humane element in Southern society, called and when that comes out, their happiness nearly upon to grapple at first hand with a problem of which suffers shipwreck. The story offers little more than we, at this comfortable distance, cannot realize either a variation of a few well-worn themes, but the action the complication or the menace. moves rapidly from point to point, and the dramatic Mr. Herbert Quick's “ Double Trouble," that effects are skilfully contrived. ingenious tale of dual personality, leads us to The religious and æsthetic charlatan is pictured open “ The Broken Lance” with pleasant anticipa- for us in “Comrade John,” the latest joint effort of tions. Nor are we disappointed, as far as plan and Messrs. Merwin and Webster. His name is Herman style are concerned, for the author knows how to Stein, and he derives, in about equal parts, from write, and his eye for dramatic effect is keen. But we Zion and East Aurora. His colony has a home must confess to a considerable disappointment when somewhere in the hill country of New York, and its we discover that the book is not so much a novel as imposing array of staff and stucco architecture is an argument for the single tax. The leading char- enhanced by the natural beauty of lakes and cas acter is a clergyman so easily swayed by his emotions cades and mountains. All this is the work of that a single reading of "Progress and Poverty" Comrade John, a creative genius who has hitherto suffices to overturn his whole fabric of ideas over- been employed in the designing of amusement parks, night. With more zeal than discretion, he proceeds and who is engaged by Stein for the construction of to expound the new gospel the next time he enters Beechcroft, one of the conditions being that the the pulpit (the greater part of the sermon is given designer shall pose as a disciple and conform to the us), and horrifies his hearers by his plain language customs of the colony. The acceptance of this con about what he conceives to be the tainted sources of 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL The art of their wealth. From an apostle of sweet reasonable Simonides's Biblical and patristic forgeries, the ness he turns into a fiery fanatic, and the conse amazing career of Psalmanazar, the Eikon Basiliké, quences, slowly unfolded, are that he becomes an the false Decretals and the Donation of Constantine, outcast from the church, his wife divorces him, he the Rowley poems, Lauder's attack on Milton, the is made the subject of an atrocious scandal, and famous Shelley letters to which Browning wrote an becomes a noisy labor agitator, meeting his death introduction, the shameful letters ascribed to Marie in the riot that accompanies a teamsters' strike in Antoinette, Ireland's Vortigern and Rowena and Chicago. The author's earnestness compels a certain other Shakespearian frauds, various ballad forgeries, amount of sympathy even for so ill-balanced a hero and the spurious novels of Scott. Mr. Andrew Lang, as this, but he overdoes his denunciation of society, who contributes an introduction to the volume in his and can see nothing but greed and corruption where customary amusing vein, seems half regretful that the clearer vision can clearly discern a preponderating he did not attempt to palm off a ballad of his own element of integrity and philanthropical dealing. on Professor Child, to see if that great scholar and WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. fine critic was proof against the guile of the forger. Though Lafcadio Hearn's literary The early years and struggles of reputation will not be enhanced by a literary artist. the publication of “ Letters from the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Raven” (Brentano's), these unstudied early writ- Mr. J. A. Farrer's Literary For- ings give an insight into phases of his personality not literary geries” (Longmans) is an account of revealed by what he wrote for the world at large, forgery. some of the most celebrated impos nor, except in small measure, by the numerous private tures by which human credulity has been victimized. letters printed in his “ Life and Letters” by Miss That is to say, it is a record of the detected impos- Elizabeth Bisland. The first ray of light that modi- tures; the reader has an uneasy feeling that the fied the gloom of the period of bitter struggle after undetected might require a larger volume. If he was cast off by his relatives came when, at the intelligent people in relatively critical periods could age of nineteen, he made his way to Cincinnati. A be all but completely deceived ---- but why pursue so chance acquaintance with a Scotch printer brought painful a reflection? In the face of their victims' him an introduction to Henry Watkin, an English- credulity, one marvels at the moderation of these man of broad culture and liberal views, who gave clever deceivers. The truth seems to be that human Hearn employment as an errand-boy in his printing- ity has been protected from worse deception not so office, and afterward helped him secure a position much by its own discernment as by the impostors' on the staff of a Cincinnati newspaper. Between the failure to be quite clever enough. There is nearly two a warm friendship sprang up, which lasted as always in their position a weak point that they over long as Hearn lived. By Watkin he was familiarly look. That is, there is such a point in the position addressed as “ The Raven," and for many years a of those who are detected. One thing we may be drawing of the bird served as the signature to what- quite clear about, namely, that hardly any degree ever Hearn wrote to his “Dear Old Dad,” as he was of scholarship, fertility, and literary power, in a sus wont to call him. The bulk of the correspondence pected work, is sufficient to warrant its authenticity is not great. is not great. It consists of various whimsical and Nor is the absence of apparent motive for deception amusing messages, and about two dozen letters, most of any avail. The very ability to perform the trick of them written during Hearn's sojourn in New seems to be motive enough. In other words, the Orleans. They abound in half-playful, half-serious art of literary forgery is an art like another, with mention of privations and pleasures, occupations and its own inspirations, temerities, and rewards. And aspirations, and are supplemented by the sympathetic if an honest man like Scott could look upon the art running comment of the editor, Mr. Milton Bronner, without severe disapproval, we can hardly exact a who has fused them into a connected outline of higher moral standard of the artists themselves. Hearn's career. Appended are a number of letters But, as in the case of other indications of human to an anonymous lady correspondent, and extracts frailty, it is probably well not to regard this with too from letters contributed to a Cincinnati newspaper severe a countenance. Certainly, it has its amusing under the pseudonym of “Ozias Midwinter." The side. The spectacle of Boswell, flown with brandy interest that attaches to these utterances is in a way and water, kneeling before the Shakespeare forgery pathetic. Unfeeling indeed would be the person who of Ireland, reverently kissing “the invaluable relics could read them and not be touched by the brave of our bard” and thanking God that he has lived to effort to build up within, while combating adverse see them, is not without humor; but we confess that circumstances without. Two things they serve to the thought of the great geometrician and astrono show. One is an exemplification of the old lesson mer, Chasles, accepting without a qualm letters that with rare exceptions patient preparation is the written in the French language by Plato, Cleopatra, necessary prelude to noteworthy performance. The Lazarus, and Mary Magdalene, strikes us as more other is that with his temperament and physical dis- painful than amusing. Mr. Farrer deals with the abilities it is most unlikely that under any other con- Letters of Phalaris and Trimalchio's Supper, ditions Hearn would have achieved more than he 1908.] 47 THE DIAL ing any actually accomplished. His real life was never in subject. About a third of the book is padding, inter- the sordid present. From early youth until the day esting but not always authentic. The sympathies of his death, the glamour of the unseen was always of the author do not include many of those who luring him onward. Possibly this meant for him were on the other side. On pages 86 and 87, pages a loss in things material, but the spiritual gain is 28 and 29 are repeated — a slip not to be expected great. in a work from the De Vinne Press. A telegrapher's After the many books, pamphlets, “ There will be no peace in literary recollections of and magazine articles written about The spelling of realms so long as a single critic or the Civil War. Shakespeare. Lincoln, one might think that little scholar of repute persists in employ- if anything remained to be told. Yet “Lincoln in variation in the name of our greatest poet." the Telegraph Office” (Century Co.), by Mr. David So, at least, says Dr. J. L. Haney in the preface to his Homer Bates, gives a new view of the great War little treatise, “ The Name of William Shakespeare” President. Mr. Bates was a telegraph operator in (Philadelphia: : The Egerton Press). As the title the War Department, and saw much of Lincoln, indicates, Dr. Haney is an advocate of the form who frequently visited the military telegraph office almost universally adopted by the publishers of the in order to get the latest news from the armies. quartos and folios. He belongs, therefore, not to The volume under review is made up of articles the ranks of “ manuscript-men,” in Dr. Furnivall's recently published in the Century Magazine, to phrase, but to the "second-handers — charming which some padding has been added. Much of the fellows, some of them, but too fond of type.” As is book is devoted to what the author saw and heard, well known, Dr. Furnivall is a staunch upholder of and much of it to descriptions of and comments the so-called Stratford spelling, Shakspere, based upon affairs that the author knew no more about upon the five signatures of the poet; though he him- than the ordinary citizen. The latter part is of self concedes that of these only one is certainly little value and often unreliable; but the former is Shakspere. As for the Stratford origin of this distinctly good. The scope of the work is broader form, there is the same variation in the local records than the title would indicate. It is really a sort of as there apparently is in the signatures. At this history of the military telegraph service at the War point it may not be amiss to remark that three of Department, but it is arranged around Lincoln as a Dr. Haney's transcriptions of the Stratford records central figure. The best of the book describes the differ from those of Halliwell-Phillipps and Lambert organization of the military telegraph corps and the (Shakespeare Documents). This is only one indi- service of the corps in and near Washington; and cation of the great difficulty of an inquiry the results through it all runs the binding thread of narrative of which may be nullified at any moment by a slight about Lincoln. It is a genuinely fresh treatment of eye or hand. Dr. Haney takes into account, of a little-known phase of Lincoln's everyday life - besides the Stratford Registers and the title-pages when he was away from the importunities of politi- of early editions, contemporary documents and allu- cians and places-hunters, and, being less harrassed, sions, the Stationers' Registers, and the usage of was freer in manner. The account is studded with modern critics and editors. His summary of the anecdotes, new and old, but all well told ; and here "evidence” is as follows: “We find that the name and there are new lights upon historical matters, occurred originally in numerous variant forms ; that such, for example, as the statement (page 108) at Stratford the spelling Shakspere prevailed for a about the suppressed messages and parts of mes- time, though rarely after the beginning of the sages to and from McClellan. The sketch of Mr. dramatist's career; that the Stationers' Registers and Andrew Carnegie's war-time activities is worth other contemporary documents present a wilderness reading, and the explanation of cipher codes and of confusing variations; that although four of the their uses by both Northern and Southern author- five autographs seem intended to spell Shakspere, ities is alone of sufficient interest to justify the the title-pages of the quartos and of the First Folio publication of the book. The illustrations are good. point more strongly to the form Shakespeare. If the Stanton, great and rude, is frequently exhibited in usage of later scholars and critics is of less weight, a pleasant situation — as in this passage: "He it is at least noteworthy that the recent editors and invited me to a seat on the greensward, while biographers who have specialized most zealously he read the telegrams; and then, business being upon the study of the poet are virtually unanimous finished, we began talking of early times in Steuben for the longer spelling." ville, Ohio, his native town and mine. One of us mentioned the game of mumble-the-peg, and he To the average American tourist, all asked me if I could play it. Of course I said yes, Professor Gaul consists of Paris, and Paris of and he proposed that we should have a game then Notre Dame, the Louvre, and the and there. Stanton entered into the spirit of the Moulin Rouge. That there is any home-life more boyish sport with great zest, and for the moment sacred than that portrayed in the yellow-covered all the perplexing questions of the terrible war were French novels, this easy-going individual does not forgotten.” It is rather unfortunate that Mr. Bates concern himself to suspect ; still less does he know undertakes to deal with matters not related to his of the universities and the school system bound up error A Yankee in France. 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL with them, while the religion of France he is satis thing to offer him, he once puzzled a Frenchman, a fied to divide into Roman Catholicism and atheism. German, and an Italian, by engaging all three in a But the author of “ France of Today” (Scribner) discussion and responding to each in his own tongue is not a mere tourist, for as the incumbent of the with so faultless an accent that each claimed him Hyde lectureship he was taken at once into that as a fellow-countryman. This many-sidedness may intimate association which enabled him to see French account for some of the varying and even contradic- life hidden from the transitory dweller in hotels. tory impressions that he seems to have made on Naturally, Professor Wendell's primary interest is different friends. In Professor Knight's volume one in the universities and the school system, and of these friend calls him “a Platonizer,” another “ a devout he gives an exposition which brings out the essential Aristotelian," one describes him as holding Kant in differences of the French scheme of education from small esteem, and another declares that “ he always the American. Of French society and the French spoke with reverence of Kant." These recollections family he writes much as a highly-favored guest of friends and disciples, with extracts from his letters might discuss the family of his host. Everything and other writings, combine to portray, roughly and is so pleasantly said that one is tempted to make by suggestion, an inspiring and astonishingly versa- allowances on the score of courtesy. Still, it is all tile character; but a complete and consistent account very interesting, and in the face of much that is said of the man, if such be possible, is yet to be written. and more that is thought to the contrary it is refreshing to see the golden side of the shield. This In “The True Story of My Life A woman's leads naturally to the question "why the life of story of her life. (John Lane), by Mrs. Alice Mangold modern France, when you come to know it, seems so Diehl, we have one of those discursive different from the same life as set forth in the most autobiographies of non-famous persons which chron- icle an immense amount of unimportant private highly developed literature of modern Europe." Notwithstanding the convention that surrounds the history and must rely chiefly on their realism for French woman, the intellectual candor of the French their charm. And yet the author probably deserves to be better known in America for her useful and people which permits them to discuss topics forbid- den among ourselves, and the fact that literature industrious career in music and literature. A pianist must concern itself with interesting exceptions to of considerable repute in London during the sixties the commonplace --- such being Professor Wendell's and seventies, she later became a prolific novelist answers to his question, and poured forth a flood of fiction which generally one is yet forced to the 'conclusion that back of this literature is a life which found friendly publishers and a host of readers. As the favored guest would not see among the respec- a precocious child, she was taken to Germany and table families of his cultured hosts. Literature can became a pupil of Adolf Henselt, whose genius and eccentricities she describes in an interesting way. spring only from life, and French literature is too vital After a successful début in Paris at the age of to reflect only rare though remarkable exceptions. seventeen, she returned to her native England ; and So much more was Thomas Davidson the narrative from this point is simply the detailed Memorials of a wandering the man and teacher than Thomas record of a brave and unflagging struggle to care scholar. Davidson the writer, that a book for her growing family. There are apparently no about him is likely to impart far more of his peculiar reserves in the story: her mother's imperiousness, quality than a book by him. Most welcome, there her husband's foibles, her own failures and triumphs fore, is the volume of “Memorials of Thomas in fighting off the “wolf,” are recorded with such Davidson, the Wandering Scholar” (Ginn & Co.), fidelity that we seem to be turning the pages of a collected and edited by his fellow-countryman, diary. Naturally, a long and semi-public life in and Professor William Knight, who four years ago near London brought Mrs. Diehl more or less in printed a short account of him in “Some Nineteenth contact with the great ones of literature and art ; Century Scotsmen.” Born in 1840 and dying in and her pages show us interesting glimpses of Sir 1900, Davidson crowded into his too-short life an Henry Irving, Lord Leighton, Antoinette Sterling, amount of learning, lecturing, restless roaming, the baritone Santley, and other celebrities of the teaching and writing that is, all told, nothing short time. of stupendous. By one who knew him well he was Corporations In “ The Federal Power over Car- counted “ as within the circle of the twelve most riers and Corporations” (Macmillan) learned men in the world,” yet he carried his load of Constitution. Mr. E. Parmalee Prentice combats erudition so lightly and was so little stationary in his what he calls “a most dangerous and mistaken mode of life, and so invariably at leisure to welcome notion that new meanings must be given to the friends or acquaintances or even strangers seeking Constitution merely because present questions are his counsel, that comparatively few thought of or beyond the contemplation of the statesmen of a cen- even suspected those stores of knowledge which he tury ago The work is historical and legal in its never seemed to sit still long enough to amass, much method, and shows much patient research among less to digest. Extraordinary intellectual alertness early statutes and a carefully critical reading of and a wonderful memory must explain the mystery. many cases ; but while the method and the temper- At home in all languages whose literatures had any ate language employed give the impression of a calm and commerce, and the Federal 1908.] 49 THE DIAL and judicious mind, the effect is marred by frequent references for further information, of about one hundred unmistakable evidences of bias. Indeed, the main and fifty of the characters that have their being in the purpose of the book would seem to be to oppose as world of the novelist's creation. It is published by unconstitutional the proposal of Mr. Garfield, in his Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co. A series of boo first report as Commissioner of Corporations, that entitled “On American Holidays companies engaging in interstate commerce should has been planned by Messrs. Moffat, Yard, & Co., and the first volume, “Christmas,” edited by Mr. Robert be licensed by the Federal Government; for the Haven Schauffler, is now ready. It is essentially a book author regards Federal license as a violation of the of selections, in verse and prose, relating to the origin, freedom of trade among the States. The careful celebration, and significance of the day. student who realizes how easily opposite conclusions | The important monograph on « The Inheritance Tax," can be drawn from the same decision of the Supreme by Mr. Max West, much revised and enlarged from its Court will make note of Mr. Prentice's citations and original form, is issued from the Columbia University read at least some of the epoch-making decisions for Press. This form of taxation is very much “ in the himself. To such a student the volume will prove air " just at present, and it is well to know what other a very convenient introduction to the subject. countries have done with it. Mr. West's discussion is both historical and theoretical, and is a very thorough Mr. Owen Edwards, of Lincoln Col- piece of work. A book for beginners in lege, Oxford, has recently added From the Cambridge University Press (Macmillan) Welsh history. another volume to his Celtic studies comes an edition of “The Poems of William Dunbar,' in the form of “A Short History of Wales" edited, with the necessary apparatus (considerable in (University of Chicago Press). The book is written this case), by Mr. H. Bellyse Baildon. This is a pub- for 6 those who have never read any Welsh history editions are now all difficult and costly to procure, lication that scholars will welcome, since the earlier before," and for such readers it no doubt has its while this one is compact and inexpensive, besides em- value. In so brief a work, a connected narrative of bodying the best modern scholarship. course becomes impossible; only the most prominent A new edition of George Palmer Putnam's « Tabular events and episodes can be treated or even men Views of Universal History," continued to date by tioned. The author's point of view is that of a Messrs. Lynde E. Jones and Simeon Strunsky, is pub- Welshman who believes in the perpetuation of Celtic lished by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. This chrono- nationality in custom, speech, and literature, but not logical conspectus of the world's history, with its useful in Welsh political independence beyond a certain arrangement in parallel columns, is of great value to both measure of administrative autonomy. The story is teachers and students, and in its present modernized told in a simple, straightforward, but interesting form, should find its career of helpfulness considerably prolonged. fashion, which would make it easier reading were it « The Modern Reader's Bible," as now published by not for the author's puristic ideas in the matter of the Macmillan Co. for Professor R. G. Moulton, repre- proper names. It ought to be possible to anglicize sents what may be taken as a fairly definitive form of Welsh names and terms to a slight extent -- at a work that has had various earlier appearances, and least to write them with such vowels and consonants to which the editor has devoted a large part of his life. as produce a pronounceable combination in English; The text is that of the Revised Version, with modifica- to the reader who has never read Welsh history tions. Printed upon thin paper, the volume contains before, combinations like Clwyd, Gwledig, and nearly eighteen hundred pages, and is not unwieldy at that. Cynddelw are not very intelligible. Sir George Trevelyan, browsing among the books of Macaulay, has found so much entertainment in the mar- ginal notes with which they are plentifully provided that NOTES. he has thought it worth while to take the public into his confidence. The result is a little book entitled “Mar- We have not had a new “ Temple Primer” for some ginal Notes by Lord Macaulay,” which affords delightful time. An addition to the series is now made in the reading of the chatty sort, and leaves us with the wish shape of a little book on “ Sick Nursing,” by Mr. H. that there were much more of it. Messrs. Longmans, Drinkwater. Green, & Co. are the publishers. Among the enterprises comprised under the general Three new volumes are added by the Oliver Ditson title of “The Shakespeare Library” (Duffield) is an Co. to their “Musicians' Library.” One of them is the edition of the plays in the spelling of the best quarto and first volume of a “Bach Piano Album," edited by Mr. folio texts. The first play to be published in this “Old Ebenezer Prout. It includes shorter compositions only Spelling Shakespeare " is “ Loues Labors Lost,” edited - preludes, dances, inventions, symphonies, and suites — by Dr. F. J. Furnivall. to the number of about fifty. Another of the volumes An event of interest to book lovers and collectors is is devoted to Haydn, and contains twenty compositions the sale, at auction, of some eight hundred old English for piano, eleven of them being sonatas. It is edited by books, including scarce and valuable works on Ireland, Mr. Xaver Scharwenka. The third volume, edited by on early printing, etc. Catalogues may be had by Mr. Carl Armbruster, gives us “Wagner Lyrics for addressing the Williams, Barker & Severn Co., 187 Baritone and Bass." All the music-dramas are rep- Wabash avenue, Chicago. resented, excepting “ Rienzi," and we have in addition A small volume of Character Portraits from Dickens, two early ballads, “ Der Tannenbaum” and “ Die Beiden by Mr. Charles Welsh, gives us brief summaries, with Grenadiere." 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 94 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] The Months. By James Vila Blake. 16mo, pp. 207. Boston: James H. West Co. Poems and Translations. By Frederic Rowland Marvin. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 164. Troy, N. Y.: Patraets Book Co. BIOGRAPHY. The Life and Correspondence of James McHenry. By Bernard C. Steiner. With portraits, large 8vo, pp. 640. Cleveland, O.: Burrows Brothers Co. $6. net. Velazquez: An Account of His Life and Works. By Albert F. Calvert and C. Gasquoine Hartley. Illus., 12mo, gilt top. "Spanish Series." John Lane Co. $1.25 net. HISTORY. The English Reformation and Puritanism, and Other Lectures and Addresses. By Eri B. Hulbert; with a Memorial, edited by A. R. E. Wyant. With portrait, large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 484. University of Chicago Press. $2.50 net. The Early Age of Greece. By William Ridgeway. Vol I., illus., 8vo, pp. 684. G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Fallen Stuarts. By F. W. Head. 12mo, uncut, pp. 356. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Primitive Athens as Described by Thucydides. By Jane Ellen Harrison. Illus., 12mo, pp. 168. G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Legislature of the Province of Virginia : Its Internal Development. By Elmer I. Miller. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 182. Macmillan Co. Paper. Hakluyt Society Publications, Second Series. New vols.: The History of the Incas, and The Guanches of Tenerife. Trans. and edited, with Notes and Introductions, by Sir Clements Markham. Each illus., 8vo, uncut. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. FICTION The Great Seoret. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illus., 12mo, pp. 293. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Janet of the Dunes. By Harriet T. Comstock. Mus., 12mo, pp. 297. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. At the Foot of the Rainbow. By Gene Stratton-Porter. Illus. in color, 12mo, pp. 258. Outing Publishing Co. $1.50. The Loom of the Desert. By Idah Meacham Strobridge. Illus., 8vo, pp. 140. Los Angeles: Privately printed. $1.75. The Rejuvenation of Aunt Mary. By Anne Warner. Players' edition; illus., 12mo, pp. 323. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Scars on the Southern Seas. By George Bronson-Howard. Illus, in color, 12mo, pp. 313. B. W. Dodge & Co. $1.50. The Angel and the Outoast. By G. Colmore. New edition; 12mo, pp. 341. Brentano's. $1.50. Gotty and the Guv'nor. By Arthur E. Copping. Illus., 12mo, pp. 352. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50. A Princess and Another. By Stephen Jenkins. With fron. tispiece, 12mo, pp. 404. New York: B.W. Huebsch. $1.25 net. The Soarlet Shadow : A Story of the Great Colorado Con- spiracy. By Walter Hurt. 12mo, pp. 416. Girard, Kan.: Appeal Publishing Co. $1.50. Stories of Jewish Home Life. By S. H. Mosenthal; trans. from the German. 12mo, pp. 387. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. GENERAL LITERATURE. Petrarch and the Anolent World. By Pierre de Nolhac. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 121. The Humanists' Library.” Boston: Merrymount Press. $6. net. Studies in Poetry. By Stopford A. Brooke. With photo- gravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 255. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75 net. A History of Classical Scholarship, from the Sixth Century B. c., to the End of the Middle Ages. By John Edwin Sandys. Second edition; illus., 12mo, pp. 702. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Essays and Addresses. By Sir Richard Jebb. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 648. G. P. Putnam's Sons. National Life and Character in the Mirror of Early English Literature. By Edmund Dale. Large 8vo, pp. 338. G. P. Putnam's Sons. French Romanticism and the Press, “The Globe." By T. R. Davies, 12mo, pp. 224. G. P. Putnam's Song. POLITICS. - ECONOMICS.-SOCIOLOGY. The Negro Races : A Sociological Study. By Jerome Dowd. Vol. I., 8vo, pp. 493. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. The Economio History of the United States. By Ernest Ludlow Bogart. Illus., 12mo, pp. 522. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.75 net. The Raid on Prosperity. By James Roscoe Day. New edition; 12mo, pp. 352. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net. The Wisdom of the Wise : Three Lectures on Free Trade Imperialism. By W. Cunningham. 18mo, pp. 125. G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Distribution of Ownership. By Joseph Harding Underwood. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 218. Macmillan Co. Paper. The Inheritance Tax. By Max West. New edition, revised and enlarged ; large 8vo, uncut, pp. 249. Macmillan Co. Paper. Kinship Organizations and Group Marriage in Australia. By Northcote W. Thomas. 8vo, pp. 163. G. P. Putnam's Sons. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Novels and Tales of Henry James. New York edition. First vols.: Roderick Hudson, and The American. Each illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $2. The Works of Donald G. Mitchell (Ik Marvel). Edgewood edition. Concluding vols.: English Lands, Letters and Kings (the later Georges to Victoria), American Lands and Letters (2 vols.). Each illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.50. Plays and Poems of Beaumont and Fletcher. Edited by A. R. Waller. Vol. V., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 399. Cambridge English Classics." G. P. Putnam's Sons. The Poems of William Dunbar. Edited by H. Bellyse Baildon. 12mo, pp. 392. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net. Loues Labors Lost. Edited by F. J. Furnivall. 8vo, pp. 82. The Old Spelling Shakespeare.” Duffield & Co. $1. net. Poetical Works of Wallace Bruce. In 3 vols., each 12mo, gilt top. New York: Bryant Union Co. $3. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Pekin to Paris : An Account of Prince Borghese's Journey across Two Continents in a Motor-Car. By Luigi Barzini; trans. by L. P. de Castelvecchio, with Introduction by Prince Borghese. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 642. Mitchell Kennerley. $5. net. Travelers' Rallway Guide: Western Section. 8vo, pp. 542. Chicago: American Railway Guide Co. Paper, 25 cts. .. BOOKS OF VERSE. Christine, and Other Poems. By George Henry Miles. With photogravure frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 191. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1. net. The Pilgrim Jester. By Arthur E. J. Legge. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 157. John Lane Co. $1.25 net. A Rose of the Old Regime. By the Bentztown Bard (Folger McKinsey), 12mo, pp. 180. Baltimore: Doxey Book Shop Co. The Passing of Time. By William de Forest Thomson. 18mo, gilt top, pp. 77. New York: Robert Grier Cooke. RELIGION. Christian Science : The Faith and its Founder. By Lyman P. Powell. 12mo, pp. 261. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net. Systematic Theology. By Augustus Hopkins Strong. Vol. II., The Doctrine of Man. Large 8vo, pp. 776. Philadelphia: Griffith & Rowland Press. $2.50 net. Positive Preaching and Modern Mind. By P. T. Forsyth. 8vo, pp. 374. Jennings & Graham. $1.75 net. Christian Agnosticism as Related to Christian Knowledge. By E. H. Johnson; edited, with Biographical Sketch and an Appreciation, by Henry C. Vedder. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 302. Philadelphia: Griffith & Rowland Press. $1. Whore Knowledge Fails. By Earl Barnes; with Introduc- tion by Edward Howard Griggs. 16mo, pp. 60. "Art of Life Series." New York: B. W. Huebsch. 50 cts. net. The Jataka; or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Births. Vol. VI., trans. by E. B. Cowell and W. H. D. Rouse. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 314. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1908.] 51 THE DIAL Foreign Religious Series. Comprising: The Virgin Birth, by Richard H. Grätzmacher; The Resurrection of Jesus, by Eduard Riggenbach; The Sinlessness of Jesus, . by Max Meyer; The Miracles of Jesus, by Karl Beth; The Gospel of St. John and the Synoptic Gospels, by Fritz Barth; New Testament Parallels in Buddhistic Literature, by Karl von Hase. Each 16mo. Eaton & Mains. Per vol., 40 cts. net. Bible Studies for Adult Classes. First vols.: Studies in Old Testament History, Studies in the Life of Christ, Studies in the Apostolic Age; each by Philip A. Nordell. 8vo. Phila- delphia: American Baptist Publication Society. Per vol., paper, 20 cts. net. Memorable American Speeches. Collected and edited by John Vance Cheney. Vol. I., The Colonial Period. With photogravure portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 302. Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. Musicians Library. New vols.: Wagner Lyrics from Baritone to Bass, edited by Carl Armbruster; Twenty no Composi- tions by Franz Joseph Haydn, edited by Xaver Scharwenka; Bach's Shorter Piano Compositions, edited by Ebenezer Prout. Each 4to. Oliver Ditson Co. Per vol., paper, $1.50. Putnam's Monthly. Vol. II., illus., large 8vo, pp. 768. G. P. Putnam's Sons. When Things Were Doing. By C. A. Steere. 12mo, pp. 282. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. $1. BOOKS. ALL OUT-OP-PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIBD, no matter on what subject. Write us. We can get you any book over published. Please state wants. Catalogue free. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BIRMINGHAM, ENG. SEND FOR MY CATALOGUE NO, 7 IF YOU ARE INTERESTED. GEO. ENGELKE, 280 N. Clark St., CHICAGO LITERARY AND SOCIAL STUDIES IN PERIL OF CHANGE By C. F. G. Masterman. $1.50 net. THE NEW HUMANISM By Edward Howard Griggs. $1.50 net. B. W. Huobsch, Publisher, Now York EDUCATION. Eighteenth Century Verse. Selected and edited by Margaret Lynn. 12mo, pp. 484. 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Report of the Commissioner of Education for the year ending June 30, 1906. Vol. I., large 8vo, pp. 644. Washington: Government Printing Office. STORY-WRITERS, Biographers, Historians, Poets - Do you desire the honest criticism of your book or its skilled revision and correction, or advice as to publication? Such work, said George William Curtis, is "done as it should be by The Easy Chair's friend and fellow laborer in letters, Dr. Titus M. Coan." Terms by agreement. Send for circular D, or forward your book or MS. to the New York Bureau of Revision, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. Agency uthors gency SIXTEENTH YEAR. Candid, suggestive Criticism, literary and technical Re- vision, Advice, Disposal. MSS. of all kinds. Instruction. REFERENCES: Mrs. Burton Harrison, W, D. Howells. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Nelson Page, Mrs. Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and others. Send stamp for Booklet to WM. A. DRESSER, Garrison Hall, Boston, Mass. Mention The Dial STUDY and PRACTICE of FRENCH in 4 Parts L. 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Com- prising: The Cats of Long Ago, Wahbegwannee, Toyland, The Liberty Bell, Little Builders of the Sea, and The Home of the Hermit Crab. Each illus., 16mo. Eaton & Mains. $1.50. WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers, and Printers 851-853 SIXTH AVE., Cor. 48th St., NEW YORK FRENCH AND OTHER FOREIGN MISCELLANEOUS. Discoveries in Hebrew, Gaelio, Gothic, Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Basques, and Other Caustic Languages. By Allison Emery Drake. Large 8vo, pp. 398. Denver: Herrick Book & Stationery Co. $6. net. A History of Nursing. By M. Adelaide Nutting and Lavinia L. Dock. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $5. net. Thinking, Feeling, Doing: An Introduction to Mental Science. By E. W. Scripture. Second edition, revised ; illus., 12mo, pp. 261. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75 net. Early American Humorists. Pocket edition; in 2 vols., each 24mo, gilt top. Small, Maynard & Co. Per pol., 75 cts. net. BOOKS READ OUR Romans Choisis 26 Titles. Paper 60c., cloth 85c., vol. Contes Choisis 24 Titles. Paper 25c., cloth 40c., vol. Masterpieces, pure, by well-known authors. Read extensively by classes ; notes in English. List on application. Complete cata- logs sent when requested. 52 [Jan. 16, 1908. THE DIAL Librarians The Home Book We have all been wanting so long. Poetry Will find it to their advan- tage to send us their Book Orders, because of our large and complete stock of books covering all branches of literature, and our extensive experience in handling orders from public Libraries, School, College, and University Libraries We are prepared to offer the promptest service com- bined with the highest de- gree of efficiency, and the most satisfactory prices. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A. C. McCLURG & CO. CHICAGO Edited by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Editor "Poems of the Civil War," "Laurel Crowned Verse," etc. Author “Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc., etc. "GOLDEN POEMS" contains more of everyone's favorites than any other collection at a popu. lar price, and has besides the very best of the many fine poems that have been written in the last few years. Other collections may contain more poems of one kind or more by one author. "GOLDEN POEMS" (by British and American * Authors) has 550 selections from 300 writers, covering the whole range of English literature. “Golden Poems The World's Classics “GOLDEN POEMS” is a fireside volume for the thousands of families who love poetry. It is meant for those who cannot afford all the col- lected works of their favorite poets-it offers the poems they like best, all in one volume. The selections in "GOLDEN POEMS” are classi- fied according to their subjects: By the Fire- side; Nature's Voices; Dreams and Fancies; Friendship and Sympathy; Love: Liberty and Patriotism; Battle Echoes; Humor; Pathos and Sorrow; The Better Life; Scattered Leaves. GOLDEN POEMS," with its wide appeal, at- tractively printed and beautifully bound, makes an especially appropriate Christmas gift. In two styles binding, ornamental cloth and flex- ible leather. Of booksellers, or the publishers, A. C. McCLURG & CO., CHICAGO. Price, $1.50. OLDEN OEMS GOLDEN GOEMS FOTED BY BROWNE Through a large special purchase, we are able to offer at a reduced price some of the more attractive titles in this well-known series. These volumes are of pocket size, clearly printed on good paper at the famous Oxford University Press, and bound in sultan-red limp leather, with gilt top. Several of the volumes contain introductory matter, notes, etc., by the most distinguished living English critics. LIST OF TITLES: BRONTE, CHARLOTTE. Villette. BRONTE, ANNE. Wildfell Hall. DEFOE. Captain Singleton. GASKELL, MRS. Mary Barton. Ruth. HAZLITT. Sketches and Essays. Spirit of the Age. Winterslow. PEACOCK, T. L. English Prose. Selected Essays. THACKERAY. Book of Snobs. The original published price of these volumes was 75 cts, each. We offer them at the special price of 50 cents a volume. 66 EDITED BY FRANCIS I BROWNE YOUNG BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE FINE ARTS BUILDING CHICAGO THE DIAL PRESS, FINP ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information FRANCIS TED BROWNE} Volume XLIV. No. 519. CHICAGO, FEB. 1, 1908. 10 cts. a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY'S FEBRUARY BOOKS FELIX SCHELLING ELIZABETHAN DRAMA A readable, complete, and scholarly work by one of the best known American scholars in his field. 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BOYS OF THE BOR- DER. (Old Deerfield Series.) 379 pp. Illus., Rollins, Frank West. WHAT CAN A YOUNG MAN DO? 339 pp. $1.50 net. Recommended for small libraries by the A. L. A. The especial value of this book is that it gives practical information about new opportunities for work developed by new callings and definite instruction about entering these callings. The chapters on the consular service, service in the Philippines, forestry, library work, rail- roading, and nautical training school are particularly definite and timely." — A. L. A. Booklist (Dec., '07). “Fifty-two is the number of callings to which Mr. Rollins opens the way for youth. Especially will it serve well the parent who is dubious as to his son's career." — Boston Transcript. map. $1.25. "Narrates events in the Deerfield Valley during French and Indian wars. Informing and interesting."-A.L. A. Booklist (Dec., '07). 60 [Feb. 1, 1908. 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TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year ertra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by erpress or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. No. 519. FEBRUARY 1, 1908. Vol. XLIV. CONTENTS. PAGE 61 . EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN HOLGER DRACHMANN. . 03 PATRIOTISM AND THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 64 . 66 CASUAL COMMENT The death of Louise de la Ramée. --- Library pro- gress in Maryland.--The mission of the newspaper. --Public library organization unassisted by legis- lation. The book record of 1907. -The needs of children as library-users. — The circulation of serious books.-A growing interest in library news. - Magazine madness. - Accessions to the national library.-- The year's events in the library world. COMMUNICATION Problems of the Smaller Libraries. Thomas H. Briggs. AN IRISH POET'S LITERARY FRIENDSHIPS. Percy F. Bicknell. THE CASE AGAINST GOVERNMENT OWNER- SHIP. James W. Garner. 68 EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN. Bryant and Longfellow and Emerson, then Lowell and Holmes and Whittier, then Aldrich, only a few months ago, and now Stedman, — “ They are all gone into the world of light!” The last leaf has fallen from the tree, and the first great age of American poetry is rounded out to its close. Other poets we shall have, with other themes to inspire them, but the spiritual expression of our nineteenth century, with its portentous blossoming of democracy and its central tragedy of sectional hatred culminating in civil war, is now complete; the last of the poets who knew at first-hand the tremendous happenings of half a century ago, and whose song was potent in the cause of righteousness, has been laid to rest. And whatever successors they may have will find it no easy task to earn the laurels of such a fame or the tribute of such an affection as have been gratefully bestowed upon the poets of the group now unrepresented by a single survivor. Edmund Clarence Stedman was born in 1833, in Hartford, Connecticut, and when he died, on the eighteenth of last month, was in his seventy- He was the son of Edmund Burke Stedman and Elizabeth Dodge. He lost his father when still a child, and his mother, a woman of marked poetical ability, afterwards married William B. Kinney, and went to Italy to live. The boy was placed in charge of an uncle in Norwich, where he lived from the age of five to sixteen, and where he was fitted for college. This is the town which he afterwards celebrated in verse as “ The Inland City.” “ Guarded by circling streams and wooded mountains, Like sentinels round a queen, Dotted with groves and musical with fountains, The city lies serene." He entered Yale in 1849, as a member of the Class of 1853, but did not complete the course. Many years afterward, the University made up for the degree then withheld, and bestowed upon him her highest academic distinctions. The twenty-fifth anniversary of his class evoked from him the poem “ Meridian,” in which his Alma Mater is made to ask : Now who have kept my maxims best? Why have most nearly held within their grasp The fluttering robe that each essayed to clasp?” fifth year. 69 70 EARL PERCY AND HIS DINNER-GUESTS. Edith Kellogg Dunton 71 A MAN FROM MAINE. W. H. Johnson 73 . 74 77 RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne . Phillips's New Poems. — Grindrod's Songs from the Classics. - Mackereth's In Grasmere Vale. Mackenzie's Poems. - Gilder's The Fire Divine. Scollard's Blank Verse Pastels. - Thomson's The Passing of Time. - A. A. C.'s Semitones. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS The memoirs of Monsieur Claude, French detective. - Milton and a study of the epic form.-A Scotch- man's special plea for Mary Stuart.-Parliamentary battles and debates of modern France. - The his- tory and distribution of animal life. — A study in mental pathology.--An astronomer's conversations on the Moon.-Sunday talks to students. --- A new portrait of one of our national heroes: BRIEFER MENTION NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 81 81 82 84 62 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL Probably no truer answer to the question has by the death of his wife, the gracious hostess of been made than that written in the record of Casa Laura his country home in Lawrence his own life. Park. Returning to Norwich at the age of nineteen, His life as a whole, aside from its literary he became the editor of a local newspaper, and aspect, was singularly active and varied. If we country journalism claimed him for the next four test him by Goethe's couplet, years. Then he sought a wider field in New “ Es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille, York City, which was to be his home for the Sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt,". remainder of his life. He joined the staff of it is clear that he was plunged in the currents “ The Tribune," and wrote much for the maga of many worldly affairs, and that they shaped zines. He became intimately associated with him into a character of distinctive strength. Taylor, Stoddard, Curtis, Winter, Aldrich, and He was active in so many intellectual, artistic, Howells. It was for “ The Tribune” that he political, and social concerns, that their enumer- wrote the poems that soon made his name widely ation would require a considerable paragraph. known — “The Diamond Wedding," “ The “ The Of them all, we will mention only his effective Ballad of Lager Bier,” and “How Old Brown work done with the American Copyright League, Took Harper's Ferry." The outbreak of the of which he became the president after Lowell's Civil War sent him to Washington and the death. death. But it is particularly curious to note front, where he served for two years as special that what Goethe meant for an antithesis, a correspondent of “ The World." Then followed contrast of irreconcileables, became in Mr. a period of law study, during which he acted as Stedman's case a synthesis ; for precisely the private secretary to Attorney-General Bates. sort of talent that is the outgrowth of the In 1864 he became connected with the work of secluded and reflective life, was also his, and he the Union Pacific Railroad, which diverted his produced much delicate literature that might thoughts from law to finance. This proved to be judged, from its internal evidence, to be the be the turning-point of his life, for it brought work of the veriest dreamer. him back to New York, and started him on Mr. Stedman's work as a man of letters was his career as a man of affairs. of three distinct kinds editorial, critical, and Mr. Stedman went into the brokerage and poetical. As an editor of the writings of others, banking business, and in 1869 became a mem his work was done with remarkable learning and ber of the New York Stock Exchange, a fact discretion, and exhibited just those qualities of which determined his practical activities for over judgment and good taste that were to be expected thirty years. This step was taken with his eyes from a poet and critic of his high rank. His wide open, and with the determination that, monuments in this department are the edition of should he become a successful broker, he would Poe (in conjunction with Professor Woodberry), be none the less a poet—that his business should the Library of American Literature” (with be with him no more than a means to an ideal the collaboration of Miss Hutchinson), and the end. In consequence, he became known as the two Anthologies, “ Victorian” and “ American.” “ banker-poet," an appellation which he partic- In each of these cases, the work was so sym- ularly resented, because he felt that if a man pathetically and thoroughly done that better deserved the title of poet at all it should be given performances were with difficulty imaginable. him without qualification. There is little, in- Time will call for an extension of the Library deed, in his poems to indicate that he was a and the Anthologies, but it will hardly bring shrewd man of affairs, or anything but a devotee an improvement upon the treatment of the mat- of the muse. “ Pan in Wall Street " and “ Israel ter within their scope. Freyer's Bid for Gold ” suggest his days in the The main body of Mr. Stedman's critical mart, but they are only the exceptions that prove writing is comprised within three volumes. The the rule. As a man of business he prospered “ Victorian Poets" (1875) contains essays that exceedingly for a term of years, and then suf had been slowly built up into their permanent fered reverses which profoundly affected the form during a number of years preceding their remainder of his career. Although he recov collective publication. When the volume ap- ered, in a measure, from the crisis that had peared it was at once recognized, in both nearly swept away his fortune, and survived it America and England, as a masterly produc- by a quarter-century, his later life was some tion, as the most important systematic work of thing of a struggle, and his closing years were literary criticism that America had produced. clouded by long seasons of illness and darkened Ten years later appeared the companion volume 1908.] 63 THE DIAL on as one “Poets of America,” an even richer and panion with whom a single intimate held high riper work. When the Turnbull lectureship converse concerning the things of the mind, he on poetry was founded, in 1891, at the Johns always entered genially into the spirit of the Hopkins University, the author of these two situation, and the occasional touch of sharpness volumes was the inevitable choice for the inaug- in his manner which gave salt to the discourse ural series of discourses, and Mr. Stedman, was merely the index of an intelligence so alert, putting aside all other work, shut himself up so quick in its response to stimulus, that it was for months in the library of The Players, and impatient of all the transparent devices whereby prepared his last great work of critical apprecia men of slower wit played for time to collect tion, the work which was afterwards published their thoughts. To use a physical metaphor, “ The Nature and Elements of Poetry.” his own electric potential was so high that he These three books made clear his title as the induced currents of unwonted intensity in the foremost of our critics. Lowell alone might minds that came within the reach of his own. have been held a possible competitor for that And this keen eager interest in all that per- distinction, but Lowell, with all his brilliancy tained to art and letters and life was unimpaired and wit and fine feeling, was lacking in the by the shocks of fate more severe in his case comprehensive view and the philosophical grasp than most men have to bear - and remained as that characterize Stedman's critical writing. It characteristic of his broken closing years as it is not too much to say that the three volumes had been of his prime. The last thing that could now in question constitute America's most solid have been said of him was that he lagged super- and lasting contribution to the literature of fluous on the stage, or that he had outlived his criticism. day. As a poet, of course, Mr. Stedman was but Fifteen years ago, Mr. Stedman wrote a among many of high rank; we may not even sonnet with these opening lines : call him primus inter pares ; but the fact that “Give me to die unwitting of the day, his place is a little below that of three or four And stricken in Life's brave heat, with senses clear: writers of the New England group should not Not swathed and couched until the lines appear Of Death's wan mask upon this withering clay.” lessen the warmth of our tribute of gratitude for the precious gift of his song. In the days of The “ Mors Benefica” for whose touch he thus our war-agony he voiced the national feeling in prayed came to him the other day, and his wish was fulfilled. unforgettable strains, and for a full generation A sudden failure of the heart, and all was over. afterward continued to produce work which was always worthy and often memorable for beauty “ Dead he lay among his books,” and artistic distinction. His lyrical faculty was and the word went forth that our foremost man remarkable, he had the trick of effective bal- of letters, the last of our earlier poets, was no ladry, and he was almost unsurpassed as a Some hint of what that message meant writer of occasional and commemorative verse. was to be seen in the distinguished company that His long poems “ Alice of Monmouth” and gathered in the Church of the Messiah three 6 The Blameless Prince – did not become days later, to share in the impressive services widely popular, but they are still well deserving which paid the last of earthly honors to the of attention and respect. His reputation also beloved dead. suffered in some degree from the fact that a number of poets from ten to thirty years his senior were already firmly fixed in the national HOLGER DRACHMANN. affection, and our public did not keenly feel the For the past score of years, the two greatest need of more. men of letters in Denmark have been the critic Mr. Stedman's personality was so engaging, Dr. Brandes, and the poet and novelist Holger and was the outward expression of a character Drachmann. Now Drachmann is dead, in his sixty- of such fineness of fibre, that he bound men to second year, and the event means almost as much for Danish letters as the death of Ibsen did for himself by ties of more than common affection. His charm, his sincerity, and his generous sym- Norwegian letters year before last. His powerful individuality expressed itself in great numbers of pathies made themselves felt by young and old lyrics and ballads, in plays, in formal works of alike, radiating upon all who came within the fiction, and in a sort of rhapsodical prose not easily reach of their influence. Whether as the cen classifiable. To describe him as a blend of Byron tral figure of a great public gathering, or as one with Walt Whitman would not be far from the truth. group in some club cor