Competitors are advised that the studies should be thorough, expressed in good English, and although not limited
as to length, they should not be needlessly expanded. They should be inscribed with an assumed name, the class in which
they are presented, and accompanied by a sealed envelope giving the real name and address of the competitor. If the
competitor is in CLASS B, the sealed envelope should contain the name of the institution in which he is studying. The
papers should be sent on or before June 1, 1909, to
J. Laurence Laughlin, Esq.
The University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois


1908.]
255
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258
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1908.]
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THE IRONY OF AMERICA.
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postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or Foreign critics of American life are often
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY.
instructive, and usually amusing: the extent to
Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub which they exhibit both of these qualities is
scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription happily exemplified in the series of articles now
munications should be addressed to
being written from month to month for “ The
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Chautauquan" by Mr. John Graham Brooks.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
The writer has made a diligent study of Euro-
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
pean comment upon America, from the old days
No. 525.
MAY 1, 1908. Vol. XLIV. of " a certain condescension " to the modern days
of gasping bewilderment and fantastic depiction,
CONTENTS.
and in a collection of characteristic passages, skil-
THE IRONY OF AMERICA
fully chosen and grouped, has given us a com-
261
posite panorama of foreign opinion which is
CASUAL COMMENT
262
worthy of our most serious attention. No other
The literary style of men of action. - How not
of our current magazines is at present doing any.
to become a fiction-toper. — A curiosity-arousing
anonymity.--The reality of “the real Doone-land.” thing quite so interesting as this; the special
- A study in “lettered ease." — The opiophagia merits of the work being its candor, its will-
of Thomas De Quincey. – Mrs. Glyn's cheerful
charm. - An awakening of interest in Thibetan ingness to accept legitimate criticism without
literature. — The homely charm of Hans Christian resentment, and its broadly philosophical out-
Andersen.-The librarian's interest in bacteriology. look. Most writers who report upon the views
- A rotating librarianship. — The public library's
rental shelves. — Bookselling and book-renting: - of foreigners concerning our life are actuated by
The inviolability of authors' manuscript.- English the motive of national self-laudation, more or less
as the language of literature and science. - The
fate of an author's manuscript. — The coming
concealed; they either reproduce words of praise,
Tolstoi festival. -State publications. — The man that we may swell with pride when we read them,
with the composing stick. - Missouri's awakening
or they repeat the condemnation of the censori-
to her library needs. — A commercially valuable
ous, that the reaction from ruffled sensibilities
AN AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND DIPLOMAT.
may heighten our sense of self-esteem. Mr.
Annie Russell Marble
267 Brooks does nothing of this sort. He is con-
THE OPTIMISM OF SCIENCE. T. D. A. Cockerell 270
cerned only with the truth, and is objective
enough to accept it, even when it is presented
“IK MARVEL" AND HIS BOOKS. S. M. Crothers 271
in unpalatable shape.
MEMORIES OF TWO CONTINENTS. Percy F. It is only in passing, however, that we men-
Bicknell.
273
tion this series of contributions to our self-
RECENT EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS. Edward knowledge gained by reflection from the con-
0. Sisson
275
sciousness of outsiders. Our special text is
Chancellor's A Theory of Motives, Ideals, and Val-
ues in Education. — Moral Training in the Public
found in what a recent English visitor, Mr.
Schools.-Urwick's The Child's Mind.—Keating's Charles Whibley, has to say about American
Suggestions in Education.
literature in the pages of “ Blackwood's Maga-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
... 277 zine.” The text runs as follows : “ This, then,
The discipline of parentage. – World-problems as
is the irony of America, that the country which
interpreted by modern chemistry. - The Comtesse
de Boigne, and Paris in the twenties. Reveal has a natural dislike of the past still dances
ments of a mind that found itself. - William Penn to the ancient tunes, that the country which has
portrayed by a descendant.--Personality, and other
invented so much has not invented a new method
mysteries of psychology.-A German interpretation
of Napoleon. — In memory of President Harper. of expression, that the country which questions
BRIEFER MENTION
280
all things accepts its literature in simple faith.”
Now this proposition, with the concomitant one
NOTES
281
that from the first the writers of America have
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
282 lagged honorably behind their age,” is substan-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
283 tially true, although it may be expressed in ways
assonance.
.
.
.
.


262
[May 1,
THE DIAL
.
either pleasing or offensive, according to one's nationality, has a style and imagination “ of
prejudice. Mr. Swinburne, for example, ex universal truth and application.”
pressed it offensively when he said that our Something like a reasonable argument for the
poets were either mocking-birds or corn-crakes, existence of a distinctively American manner in
either imitative or unmelodious. Mr. Whibley literary production may doubtless be based upon
does not express it offensively, but sees in it the variety of our writings reflective of local con-
only a curious conservatism. He doubtless got ditions. “Every province has its coterie, every
the idea from Mr. Barrett Wendell, who may county its school. The whole continent is pegged
be said to have patented it, and the obligation out in well-acknowledged claims. Boston culti-
might suitably have been recognized.
vates one style, Chicago another. Each corner
The author takes Emerson, Poe, and Parkman makes the most of its own material, and cheer-
as typical illustrations of his thesis. Emerson fully discovers to the other states its character
was' in theory “an anarch who flouted the con and temperament.
The result is of great and
ventions of art and life.” But when he took varied interest. The social history of America
pen in hand “he instantly became the slave of is being written piecemeal, and written often
all the periods which he despised.” It was Poe
It was Poe with a skill and sincerity which merit the high-
5 who most eloquently preached the gospel of est praise.” Thus far Mr. Whibley, who admits
style," and his was necessarily the style that this exception to his main proposition, and takes
had been shaped by centuries of English tradi the argument for possibly more than it is worth.
tion. Parkman wrote of American Indians in For, after all, the same sort of thing is being
the language of English classicism, and such a done in England, where the latest writers exploit
phrase as “the pampered Sardanapalus of local conditions with equal zeal to leave no aspect
Versailles” he evidently gets straight from
of modern life untouched. And all these writers,
Gibbon. Mr. Howells and Mr. James, though both English and American, employ the rich and
their material be new, are “links in the central flexible speech which is their common inherit-
chain of our tradition, and in speech, if not in ance, and which has for not the least important
thought, are sternly conservative." And Mr. of its qualities a generous hospitality for the new
Stedman's “ American Anthology” exhibits
" exhibits locutions with which the needs of new occasions
some hundreds of poets, most of whom " compose may enrich it. The only thing that seems to us
their verses with a diffident neatness which particularly worth saying about our more recent
recalls the Latin style of classical scholars," and American literature, as distinguished from that
which illustrates the temper not of a young of our earlier generation, is that it has caught
but of a very old people.”
up, or nearly so, with the development of the
All this is fairly obvious, and the point purest stock. We no longer write like the
hardly needs to be labored so much. Men English contemporaries of our grandfathers, but
change their skies but not their souls when they mutatis mutandis, like our English fellow-
cross the seas, and it is not surprising that 'craftsmen of to-day. But we are as far as ever
transplanted Englishmen should have remained from being American in whatever concerns fun-
Englishmen even after taking root in the new damental form of expression or the deeper ideal-
soil. Language is quite as deep-seated a thing ism of the race, or, indeed, in aught save the
as any physical characteristic, and literary tradi- accidents of our subject matter.
tion is inseparably bound up with inherited
speech. Mr. Whibley simply recognizes this
indubitable truth, and examines our literature
in its light. It is well that English writers
CASUAL COMMENT.
should do this from time to time, since there
THE LITERARY STYLE OF MEN OF ACTION, when these
has always been a tendency among our kin men have a style of their own, probably owes its excel-
beyond sea to look for the eccentric and bizarre lence largely to the lack of that self-consciousness, that
in our literary output, and to acclaim it as painful striving for effect, which mars the utterances of
peculiarly American by reason of its very diver-
men of letters. “The mere writer," says the London
“Spectator" in a late instructive article, “who must,
gence from normal English standards. The
like a silkworm, spin out his precious material from
cases of Whitman and “ Mark Twain " at once inside him, can hardly hope to rival the man of genius
occur, but the writer does not find them serious whose imagination has been quickened and whose tongue
stumbling-blocks. The former “ represented tering necessities' of events.”
has been loosened by what Burke calls the " overmas-
tering necessities' of events." The men who make
America as little as he echoed the voice of the
writing a profession are commonly the men who do not
people," and the latter, despite his undeniable do things to write about, as Walter Bagehot used to


1908.]
263
THE DIAL
complain; and, he might have added, the men who do ings and addresses having a wider scope
than medicine.
things are usually too modest to write about them. Some of these were, not many years ago, edited for pub-
But luckily some men of signal achievement have, on lication by the son, who is also known in literature for
occasion, put pen to paper, with unmistakable effect. various original productions. To prove (if proof be asked
The “Spectator” cites, among other instances, Walter for) that as an essayist the younger Paget is not un-
Raleigh, Queen Elizabeth, Abraham Lincoln, Oliver worthy of his parentage, it may not come amiss to quote
Cromwell. In all American prose literature what pro a characteristic passage from the “ Confessio.” In the
duction is there, of equal brevity, to compare with chapter entitled “ An Essay for Students ” (and, by the
Lincoln's Gettysburg address ? Every sentence is per way, Dr. Stephen Paget has already published a book
fect, each word is the right one and in the right place. called “ Essays for Students”) the writer handles the
What a ready mastery, too, Grant had of clear and subject of psychology in a light and graceful and enter-
vigorous English! “I propose to fight it out on this taining manner. Finding himself unable to regard the
line, if it takes all summer," has become classic. mind or soul as simply a succession of states of con-
Washington's stately style was, like his personality, sciousness, which is all that psychology can make of it,
impressive; and a few of his sentences have impressed he has this to say about psychical research: “We mean
themselves permanently in the memory. Perhaps the by it, mostly, a patient, critical, dispassionate enquiry
most familiar one, though often misquoted, is this from into stories of ghosts, haunted houses, premonitions,.
the “Farewell Address": "'Tis our true policy to steer thought-transference, and so forth. But I would rather,
clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the here, be passionate than dispassionate. The enquiry
foreign world.” Mr. Cleveland, in his presidency, wrote touches me too nearly; Psyche is on her trial; it is a
some messages containing here and there a sentence or matter of her life or death. I do not see the good of
a phrase that, by virtue of the antiseptic of style, will researching into Psyche without believing in her. If a
not soon perish. “ Innocuous desuetude” and “ It is a man believes that she is a succession of states of con-
condition which confronts us — not a theory” have sciousness, without anybody there to be conscious that
proved so useful that we wonder how we got along so these states are successive, his researches will be as
many years without these expressions. It is excellent, vague - it is an old simile as a blind man looking in
as Emerson says, to be the first quoter of a good sen a dark room for a black hat that is not in the room. I
tence; but how much better to be its originator! believe that Psyche may call to Psyche: but I do not
believe that a succession, which is a word, not a thing,
How NOT TO BECOME A FICTION-TOPER is a question can call to another succession, or do anything, or be
that troubles few if any novel-readers; but to the libra anything. I could as well imagine two calling to two,
rian, and especially to the assistant in charge of the begging it to come and make four."
children's room of the library, the problem takes on a
serious interest and has caused, first and last, many hours THE REALITY OF THE REAL DOONE-LAND” is some-
of thoughtful study. The Dayton Public Library, in
thing not easy to escape, if viewed through the eyes of
its last annual report, announces some rather creditable
Mr. H. Snowden Ward, editor of the new
6 Lorna
results of a seemingly wise oversight exercised in the
Doone.” In a current magazine article from his pen,
the inoffensiveness of the course followed wisdome and touching on some phases of his editorial task, he recoga
nizes the likelihood that his illustrations to the book will
ferred from the librarian's own account of the methods
arouse queries as to the actual location of the scenes
pursued. Little more than half of the circulation has
depicted. “ And these queries,” he adds, “ seemed to
been fiction, whereas in many admirably conducted libra-
be followed naturally by others, with reference to the
ries that we know of in communities of intellect and
culture the demand for novels amounts to nearly three-
persons and the plot of the story. How much of the
tale was founded on fact, how much drawn from local
quarters of the total book demand. In Dayton, we
tradition, how much woven from the author's imagina-
learn, the circulation of fiction “ has been lowest at the
tion ? Again, was there ever a gang of Doone robbers,
points of closest supervision, the schoolrooms, and
was there ever a 'girt’ Jan Ridd, and did a delicate
highest at the branch libraries. The character of the
reading in the main Library's children's room is being prisoner-princess of a lawless band ? ”
dainty Lorna really sigh and shudder and suffer as the
closely watched and improved by the children's librarian
tions,” he replies, “gave excuse for some delightful
as she is given opportunity for advice and assistance in
the selection of books. The term “fiction' in our report
work. What a pity that the reader cannot find in the
answers a tithe of the pleasure that my wife and I found
includes all standard authors, as well as modern fiction,
in the search! The Doones of history have been traced,
no novels being classed as • literature ' in our statistics.'
and while they still baffle us at certain points, it seems
New novels are sparingly bought, but those that seem
possible that if a reissue of the book is demanded, we
worthy of purchase are supplied in generous duplication.
may be able to bring the matter still further up to date."
In literary tone, if one may so express it, the Daytonians
He then relates his success in tracing the originals of
are being elevated by these and other wise measures for
some of the characters — but not of Lorna herself,
nursing an interest in the less ephemeral products of
unluckily - and says that in identifying places he has
been fairly fortunate. Those readers who are moved
A CURIOSITY-AROUSING ANONYMITY - that of the to visit these places will find, he is confident, “ in addi-
gifted author of “Confessio Medici,” commended by us tion to the scenery, something of which we can give but
in an earlier issue - is revealed, not only by internal little indication in the book. They will find a frank,
and other evidence, but also by a confirmatory report hearty, hospitable, plain-spoken people; they will realize
from England, which declares the nameless writer to be that Blackmore's folk were drawn from life, and they
Dr. Stephen Paget, an eminent London physician and will leave the land and the people — if they have stayed
son of the late Sir James Paget, who attained fame in his long enough to really know them — with an earnest wish
calling, was appointed surgeon to royalty, and left writ to return often and to stay long."
« These ques
the press.


264
[May 1,
THE DIAL
of the eggs.
A STUDY IN “ LETTERED EASE " is furnished, free, at she replied: “Well, the papers have said so, but I was
any large public library reading-room, where many and in America during the crisis and I did not come upon
varied are the types of those occupants of literary chairs any signs of distress. When I landed at New York its
who come early, stay date, and rarely take a vacation. air of prosperity just stared at me, and it was there -
One of the oddest specimens ever encountered was an or so I thought — when I came away. Perhaps it will
old fellow at the British Museum described by David be there on my return, for it may be that a young coun-
Masson in his posthumous “Memories of London in the try cries out louder when anything happens to it, ill or
'Forties,” which his daughter is editing for serial public well, than an older one. As one evidence, and to her
cation. “Having sent in his tickets,” says Milton's a gratifying evidence, of this country's solvency, the
biographer, condescending to a study of a much less English visitor might have added that two hundred thou-
illustrious man of letters, “ he sat for a while quite idle, sand copies of her much-discussed « Three Weeks" have
waiting for his books. They came at last, a very con here found eager buyers. Of this book the interviewer
siderable pile; and then he began operations. First he reports her as saying that, whereas she wrote “The Visits
put his hat between his knees, adjusting it carefully so of Elizabeth " for fun, to amuse herself, and might never
as to receive something; then putting his right hand have published it had not Lady Warwick seen the man-
into his coat-pocket behind, he fetched thence a red uscript and urged its publication, in the later story she
.bandkerchief and two eggs.
Under the mask of the “ tried to write a book that should be a real human
wall of books in front of him, he proceeded to chip one study — a study in love as a trinity. The hero and
That it was raw was more obvious than heroine of it are types of human nature, and so are they
pleasant; but, by tilting his head back, and an act of presented. What is the art of fiction-writing but the
suction more visible than audible, he contrived to art, so far as one may succeed in it, of reflecting life,
swallow the contents, dropping the shell furtively, when not as we would like it to be, but as it actually is in some
he had done so, into his open hat. He immediately phase or other.” Indisputably true; and just because
performed the same process with the other egg; after life “actually is” never precisely the same thing to any
which, as no third egg seemed to be forthcoming, I two novelists (or to any two persons of any calling, for
thought the entertainment over, and drew my eyes off that matter) it offers such limitless possibilities for the
him to attend to my own work. When I looked again, worker in any branch of art who essays to portray its
about ten minutes later, he was fast asleep, his head lineaments.
nodding over the hat, into which he had dropped the THE HOMELY CHARM OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDER-
red pocket-handkerchief to conceal the two egg-shells, - SEN will never lose its power over children and over
and not a volume of the wall of books before him so
adults with an unspoilt taste for innocent delights. It
much as opened! Very possibly he was a philosopher;
was a fitting tribute to the entertainer who has cheered
but he must have been of some deep and peculiar school,
and brightened so many homes, that his own childhood's
- investigating things ab ovo."
home, at Odense in Denmark, should be set apart as a
permanent memorial, and as a sort of illustration and
THE OPIOPHAGIA OF THOMAS DE QUINCEY, which
commentary to his tales. Of that one-roomed little
has given us one of the most famous and most widely
house, with its roof-garden, he himself has written:
read of our English classics, may turn out to be, after
“ The walls, however, were covered with pictures, and
all, largely a matter of that tantalizing and incompre over the workbench was a cupboard containing books
hensible writer's vivid imagination. The world has long and songs. The little kitchen was full of shining plates
believed that opium was De Quincey's peculiar and dis-
and metal pans, and by means of a ladder it was possible
tinctive “ tipple,” but now comes forward a French to go out on the roof, where, in the gutters between it
savant, Dr. Guerrier, and avers that the English essayist and the neighbor's house, there stood a great chest filled
was a veritable Münchausen in his professed record of with soil, my mother's sole garden, where she grew her
opium-eating. “The use of opium,” says the French
vegetables. In my story of The Snow Queen’ that
specialist, “in large doses and during a long period garden still blooms. Green branches . . . ornamented
quickly produces great weakness and premature old our little room, which my mother always pt neat and
age.” Now De Quincey lived until he was seventy-three.
clean; she took great pride in always having the bed
At seventy he still covered with light step ten miles or
linen and curtains very white.” One likes to remember,
so on foot. A friend reports that he climbed the hill-
among other incidents of that childhood, that little Hans
sides like a squirrel. Opium also destroys the memory. used to take long rambles in the woods with his dreamy
That of De Quincey remained perfect until his death. father, who would beguile the time by reading aloud from
We have sought to show that the opiophagia of Thomas
the “ Arabian Nights” or from a dramatic poet, while
DeQuincey lies in the realm of legend. . . . If he took his child threaded wild strawberries on slender grass-
opium at all, it must have been very little.” Many stalks. It was on the second of April, the hundred and
readers must have felt the unconvincing quality of the third anniversary of Andersen's birth, that the house in
Opium-Eater's voluble and brilliantly rhetorical “Con which he was born was opened to the public.
fessions,” just as one must, even with the best intentions,
refuse to melt with pity for Carlyle's dyspepsia aud AN AWAKENING OF INTEREST IN THIBETAN LITERA-
insomnia — he turns them too readily and with too much TURE is recognized and encouraged by recent action on
artistic satisfaction to literary use.
the part of the trustees of the Newberry Library. A
generous appropriation has been made for securing a
MRS. GLYN'S CHEERFUL CHARM is reflected in the collection of books and kindred material having to do
pages of the April “ Book Monthly,” which publishes an with the life and literature of this little-known land.
interview with her on her return from her first American In the latest Newberry Library Report we read: “This
visit and before her departure for a repetition of the work has been undertaken in connection with the Field
pleasant experience. Asked whether our country wa Museum of Natural History, whose Assistant Curator of
not clothed in gloom as a result of the financial panic, Asiatic Ethnology - Dr. Berthold Laufer
has already


1908.]
265
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been dispatched on this errand. For the Field Museum detrimental to the interests of State libraries than to
he will conduct investigation and the purchase of a any other department of government, and, hence, the
collection which will illustrate the ethnology of Thibet. tendency now is to make the tenure of office dependent
For the Newberry Library he will gather a library of solely on the qualifications of the incumbent without any
Thibetan literature, which associates itself with the regard to the good of the party.”” The new libra-
literature of China, Korea, Mongolia, and Japan. The rian's professional experience appears to be an unknown
recent marvellous development of these countries and if not a negative quantity.
their connection with our own country has created a
demand for whatever can be obtained of authentic THE PUBLIC LIBRARY'S RENTAL SHELVES, where are
value, from original sources, relating to the thought, to be had the latest officially approved popular novels,
religion, history, government, and life of these nations." in a sufficient number of copies, at a small daily charge,
Only three collections — in London, Berlin, and St. are not yet to be found in many places; but even now,
Petersburg — similar to this in process of acquisition with the system in its tentative stage, objections have
for Chicago, are in existence. The proposed addition been raised to it. Four of these are answered by Miss
to the Newberry Library's resources, taken in connection Corinne Bacon, of the New York State Library School,
with the recent purchase of the Wilberforce Eames in the April number of “ New York Libraries." To the
collection of works on the philology of the various charge of illegality she replies that, as no test of this
nations of India, will make the library noticeably strong has ever been made in court, the objection is purely
in Asiatic languages and literature.
speculative. The assertion that to receive payment for
the use of public-library books is contrary to the public-
THE LIBRARIAN'S INTEREST IN BACTERIOLOGY takes library spirit, is answered by citing the analogy of the
on a very practical complexion when, as last year in public museum's special pay-day, and of the rented towel
Portland, Oregon, a contagious disease spreads widely in the public bath. The claim that the rental system
among the library's patrons. The unpleasant experience swells the fiction figures in the circulation statistics is
of Portland may be turned to profit in other places by dismissed as unproved, while even if it were established
pondering Miss Isom's report of what was done and it would mean that novels sanctioned by a responsible
what was left undone in the library under her care. board of examiners are read rather than, in all proba-
Speaking of the spinal meningitis epidemic that afflicted bility, works of inferior excellence obtainable elsewhere.
her city a year ago, she says: “At the height of the Finally, to the objection that the system discriminates in
epidemic the Health Officer ordered the Library closed, favor of those who can afford to pay for their reading,
and for two days the building and books were thoroughly it is pointed out that the library always owns at least
fumigated with formaldehyde gas. The 7,500 volumes one free copy of every book on the pay shelves, and this
which were in circulation at the time were fumigated free copy is rendered more easily available for the im-
nightly on their return to the Library, a process extend pecunious applicant by reason of its presence, in duplicate
ing over four weeks. All this was so disagreeable and or triplicate, in the rental case.
so alarming that it looked for a time as though confi-
dence would never be restored and the Library resume BOOKSELLING AND BOOK-RENTING are often carried on
its customary activity.” Feeling that these elaborate side by side and under the same management, shop-worn
precautions might have been unnecessary or ill-advised, or soiled or second-hand books being relegated to the
the authorities sought the counsel of many librarians loan department of the business; but in a Philadelphia
and some bacteriologists, and finally reached the con bookstore an attractive modification or reversal of this
clusion that it is better to destroy books where they plan is in operation. On shelves accessible to the public
have been exposed to contagious diseases, and that vapors there has been placed an inviting array of new novels,
from formaldehyde will not sterilize books stacked on in alphabetical order, and from this supply of fresh,
shelves.” Of course all this experience was purchased clean “best-sellers (and best-lenders) any person of
at the expense of a sad falling-off in the annual circula good credit may borrow such volume or volumes as he
tion - a sore loss to the ambitious librarian.
desires at two cents a day for each, the minimum charge
on each book thus loaned being six cents, or a three-days'
A ROTATING LIBRARIANSHIP, one, that is, to which rental. With the first appearance of dog's-ears and
is applied the principle of rotation in public office, is a thumb-prints a book is transferred to the hurt-book
sight to arouse a sort of sad and bitter amusement. counter, there to await a buyer, and a fresh copy takes
The retiring State Librarian of Maryland, in her letter its place on the loan-shelves if the demand for it still
of (enforced) resignation, indulges in some pardonably continues. To the contemplative observer there might
plain speaking to the Governor, who, by the way, is said seem to be here an interesting possibility of such
to have selected a pretty young kinswoman of his own another lively book-battle as the celebrated London
to fill the newly-created vacancy. We append a few “ Times” contest now known to all the world; but let
sentences from the retiring official's letter. Her Parthian us hope the peaceful Quaker City may not thus be
arrow is well aimed, well pointed, and properly barbed. turned into a battle-ground resounding with the din of
Referring to the paragraph of your letter in which you trade strife and reeking with the flow of ineffectual ink.
say that there are so many applicants of sterling quali-
ties, efficiency and good party record,' I must say that I THE INVIOLABILITY OF AUTHORS' MANUSCRIPT has
cannot see how the appointment of another woman, and recently been made the subject of legal discussion in a
one without training or experience in library work, Brooklyn court. A publishing house has “edited” a
satisfies the requirements of the phrase quoted. For writer's sheets with what seemed to him unwarrantable
twelve years the State Library has been out of politics,' freedom, and he has sued for damages. The testimony
and my application for reappointment was based on elicited from various prominent editors and publishers,
experience, efficiency and faithful service. Many States in the trial of the case, seems to be overwhelmingly in
are now alive to the fact that rotation in office is more favor of the plaintiff. Mr. Richard Watson Gilder, for


266
[May 1,
THE DIAL
instance, deponed that “adding without consent new can be made to agree on any suitable and symmetrical
matter to an article is inadmissible, and there is no custom programme of proceedings for the honoring of so dis-
in the publishing trade by which an editor of a magazine | tinctly a double personality, is a question that may
may add to articles purchased by him without the con excite some disturbing doubts. The child's fatherhood
of
the custom not to change, add to, or alter such articles ment of this remarkable and variedly forceful character.
except with the consent of the author and upon the The real and enduring worth of Count Tolstoi to the
submission of proof sheets thereof to said author.” Mr. world in which he has so long and so conspicuously
George Haven Putnam, Mr. Henry Holt, and other pub- played his chosen part (or parts, rather) will perhaps be
lishers testified to like effect. Mr. Holt's statement more accurately determined in the course of the next
was that “during all his experience he had never heard few months' inevitable reviews and discussions of his
of any custom justifying an editor or publisher in add life and works.
ing to any matter issued by him under the name of
STATE PUBLICATIONS are not, as a rule, the most
another person without the consent of such person; or
attractive of literature, if indeed they deserve to be
even in subtracting from it in essentials, though trifling
called literature at all. They do not even form a part
abbreviations not changing the sense are admissible
of that stately company of books which no gentleman's
where it is necessary to bring the matter within defined
library should be without — and which no gentleman
limits."
would ever dream of reading. But the “ New Jersey
THE FATE OF AN AUTHOR'S MANUSCRIPT is some State Publications on History, Geology, Geography,
times such as might move to tears, sometimes to Climate, Resources, Industries and Other Topics," as
laughter, and sometimes to philosophic reflection on brought to our attention in a little pamphlet prepared
the uncertainty of all things human. A manuscript of by Miss Mary E. Fannan, and issued by the Newark
Ouida's is said to have been slumbering in the dusty Public Library, have at least the merit of variety in
seclusion of a London publisher's pigeon-hole for the their wide range of topics, and are believed to be desir-
past year or two, while its author was tasting the bitter able acquisitions for public libraries. Those libraries
ness of poverty and loneliness. Whether the manuscript that are so fortunate as to be within the State of New
was paid for before it was pigeon-holed does not appear. Jersey can obtain these publications free of charge.
We may hope it was, since it is the practice of many
large publishing houses to purchase “copy” 'far in THE MAN WITH THE COMPOSING STICK, a meritorious
advance of their immediate needs. A New York firm, and voluminous contributor to literature, but always
in a recent accounting of stock, discovered more than modestly anonymous, and not seldom the object of petu-
five hundred pieces of literary ware, paid for and lant faultfinding, which is often wholly undeserved, must
awaiting publication some of them had been waiting many times have figured, vaguely, elusively, enveloped
half a century, and many were from famous pens. But in a nimbus of obscurity, to the reader's, and still more
by no means all of them were found to have possessed to the writer's, imagination. That he is a worthy per-
life enough to keep them sweet; and so the mouldy sonage, entitled to our kindly consideration, is probably
stock had to go into the dust-bin, however illustrious the general feeling; and consequently there will be gen-
the name it bore.
eral satisfaction in learning that his intellectual needs
ENGLISH AS THE LANGUAGE OF LITERATURE AND
are to be looked out for, more carefully than hitherto,
SCIENCE, as also the medium of oral and epistolary by a correspondence school established by the Inter-
communication, is daily making fresh conquests. The
national Typographical Union. Full information may
use of their own tongue on the part of Harvard pro-
be had from the 1. T. U. Commission, 120 Sherman
fessors visiting German universities to lecture (whereas
Street, Chicago.
the Columbia professors hold forth in German) is MISSOURI'S AWAKENING TO HER LIBRARY NEEDS is
perhaps not unconnected, in a causal relation, with the
testified to by her “First Annual Report of the Missouri
announcement that henceforth the upper classes of the Library Commission," which has just appeared, and
German Latin schools will be permitted to substitute which presents the results of one year's zealous labor
English for French in the modern language require for the cause of good literature in that great but not
ments. This cannot, of course, mean that required yet enthusiastically literature-loving State. The Com-
French is to be dropped altogether; but, whatever the mission has given much attention to travelling libraries
exact nature of the change, it marks, in the opinion of
- those precursors
of the stationary library- and issues
Professor Schofield, just home from his lectureship a separate booklet on “ Traveling Libraries: What they
abroad, “the passing of French as the one essential
are and how to secure them.” From the Commission's
language of a public man in Germany.” In fact, he is
table of statistics it appears that the whole State can
quoted as attributing this new development to the inter-
boast of but twenty-two public libraries.
change of German and American lecturers, and also to
the growth of commercial relations between the two
A COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE ASSONANCE appears to
countries.
be responsible for the present demand in the book-
THE COMING TOLSTOI FESTIVAL, the celebration of market for “ Edwin Drood.” The great public — the
the venerable Russian's eightieth birthday next August, gullible public, as it so loves to prove itself - confused
will be an event of very different significance to differ Drood and Druce, despite the faultiness of the asso-
ent persons. While some are hailing Tolstoi the novelist, nance, and straightway clamored for Dickens's unfinished
the author of “War and Peace” and “ Anna Karenina, romance as being based on the Druce mystery. The
others will lift worshipful eyes to Tolstoi the prophet and newspapers spread the hoax, the booksellers cheerfully
the social reformer, the utterer of “My Confession," encouraged it, and a wide circle of readers embraced
“ What is to be Done ?” and “ The Kingdom of God is the opportunity to become acquainted with, or to renew
within You"; and whether these two classes of admirers their acquaintance with, an English classic.


1908.]
267
THE DIAL
old
age
of mellowness and remarkable activity.
The New Books.
The biographer has summarized this fact in
his last sentence, “ The slope was upward to
AN AMERICAN HISTORIAN AND
the end.” He has fittingly lingered over the
DIPLOMAT.*
political and diplomatic experiences of Bancroft,
The publication of the first authentic biog-
who, although never ranked among our great
raphy of a man who has worthily served his
statesmen, was a national character, and a maker
country in affairs or letters is an important con-
as well as a writer of history.
tribution to the literature of any period. When
The city of Bancroft's birth, Worcester,
the subject of the biography has been promi- incidental honor. Although Bancroft left his
Massachusetts, has always been proud of her
nently identified with both political and literary
history, the popular interest is increased. If
home before he was ten years old, and returned
the biographer has been able to give a complete
only for brief visits, separated once by an inter-
life-record, the results of both search and sifting,
val of forty years, yet he always recalled his
home with loving memory.
He chose the city
the reader feels gratitude as well as intellectual
gratification. Such sentiments will occur to
for his burial-place, and created for her youth
nearly all readers of the long awaited and now
a generous scholarship bearing the names of his
just published “Life and Letters of George
father and mother. His father, the Reverend
Bancroft,” by Mr. M. A. De Wolfe Howe.
Aaron Bancroft, preached Arminianism fear-
From the varied forms of biographic treat-
lessly, was rejected as pastor of the established
ment the author has combined those of chronicler
Congregational Church, but was chosen leader
of a new
and interpreter. During the recital of significant
“ second parish.” From him the son
events in the life of Bancroft and the nation,
inherited independence, intellectual acumen, and
he keeps in the background, allowing letters to
a keen interest in American history (the elder,
tell their own graphic story, and supplying only
it will be recalled, had produced a “ Life of
an occasional explanation in brief paragraph or
Washington ”). In a letter to Oliver Wendell
footnote. In a final chapter of “Conclusions”
Holmes, when the writer was eighty-four years
he comes forward and speaks an epilogue of
of age and still able to do fourteen hours of
well-balanced judgment upon certain phases of
consecutive mental work a day, George Bancroft
traced his endurance to a good constitution,
his subject. Mr. Howe's scholarly interest was
enhanced by motives of friendship; a few years
fostered by his father's urgence of daily exercise
for body and mind in all weather, and the reit-
ago he was entrusted by Mrs. John C. Bancroft
with papers and letters collected as a nucleus
erated prayer of the household, “ Give us a
for the present biography. These have been
teachable temper.” He had less of the spright-
liness which characterized his mother, Lucretia
used with sympathetic candor and reverence,
and have been supplemented by other records,
Chandler, than others of her thirteen children,
reminiscences, and letters, forming two volumes
but he profited by her cheerful example and the
wholesome daily diet which she recalls in one
of convenient size and attractive form. The tone
throughout is serious and dignified; there are
of her playful letters, — “rye bread tosted, the
several anecdotes and impressions of famous
fragments of cold coffee boyled and put on milk.”
persons of America and Europe, but the anec-
Through the influence of friends the boy
dotal quality is never pronounced. Mr. Howe
Bancroft, who showed much mental assiduity
at Exeter and Harvard, was given the use of
evidently believes, with Mr. Edmund Gosse,
that "
a wise biographer has a higher aim than
university funds for four years' study at
a collection of after-dinner stories."
Göttingen and later at Berlin. The letters of
The interest, and often the style, of Mr.
this period of preparation, which was at first
Howe's volumes suffers from unevenness; cer-
intended for the ministry, are interesting tran-
tain portions have a power of absorbing the scripts of the social life of students at German
reader, while other pages seem colorless. This
schools when that country was beginning to
exert an influence upon the culture of England
fault may be due largely to the development of
Bancroft's life and the scanty records of the
and America. Anecdotes and traditions, some
of which have been set down previously by
His personality gained steadily
others, revive memories of German university
in attractiveness and service, culminating in an
professors of the past - Wolf, Schleiermacher,
* THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF GEORGE BANCROFT. By M. A. Dissen, Eichhorn, Heeren, and others. Ban-
DeWolfe Howe. In two volumes.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
croft's vacation trips to Switzerland and Italy
earlier years.
Illustrated.
New York:


268
[May 1,
THE DIAL
awakened a romantic ardor which was expressed acquaintance and study by a review of this
in his letters and more fully in the little book author's work. His life abroad had stimulated
of “ Poems," issued the
year
after his return to his democratic principles, which he avowed so
Cambridge. Mr. Howe is justified in passing boldly that he became estranged from some
by this Byronic effort with mere remark, for Massachusetts friends. Mr. Howe has said
Bancroft did not encourage remembrance of it with proper emphasis that Bancroft desired to
among
his friends. The verses, however, reveal be a national rather than a New England
the emotional and mental condition of the young statesman. His Democratic fervor was evident
man, freshly impressed by the beauties and in the first volume of his " History of the United
romance of the old world and uncertain of his States,” which appeared in 1834 and was met
own future work. He once defined his pains- by a warning protest from his brother-in-law,
taking histories as an attempt to write “an “ honest ” John Davis, Whig Governor of
epic of liberty," and the poetic element in his Massachusetts, who advised him “not to let
nature was never eliminated by his researches. the partisan creep into the work.”
His history is literary and epical rather than The wife of Bancroft's youth, Sarah Dwight
scientific. Through this medium, instead of of Springfield, died in 1836, and the following
poetry, he won the fame for which he aspired year he joined his family and name with that
so ardently in his student days, and of which of Mrs. Elizabeth Bliss, allied by birth and
he wrote, after his visit to the shrines of Italian previous marriage with noted families of New
poets :
England. For forty-eight years she was a true
“By honour stung, to me too give
comrade to Bancroft, both in his diplomatic life
In bold invention's heaven to soar,
and as adviser in his historical work. For seven
Nor all unknown to glory live,
years he served as Collector of the Port of
Nor perish to be named no more.”
Boston, with enough leisure for research and
As student, and later as diplomat, Bancroft writing so that, by 1848, three volumes of the
responded naturally to German standards of History had appeared.
History had appeared. Following the election
scholarship and thought; he also adopted certain of Polk as President, and because of Bancroft's
European mannerisms which gave offense to his part in securing this success, the latter was
New England friends. “There were harsh appointed Secretary of the Navy, and filled this
changes in store for Bancroft when his wander- position and that of temporary Secretary of
ings were done,” says his biographer. He War with credit. Mr. Howe gives evidences
returned to Harvard as tutor in Greek, but he of Bancroft's share in the acquisition of Cali-
was unhappy; he had broadened in religious fornia and the establishment of the Naval
and social ideas, while his friends had kept their | Academy at Annapolis.
tenets - little modified through contacts from Three years ago a volume of “ Letters from
without.” Anxious to reform the educational England” by Mrs. George Bancroft gave de-
methods in America by some active service, and tailed accounts of the social life which she and
deciding that he was better fitted to teach than her husband enjoyed in England during the
to preach, he joined his friend Joseph Green three years from 1846 to 1849, when he was
Cogswell in a plan for a school where he could | Minister there. In the present biography the
work out his theories. Former pupils of this letters reflect the political and scholarly activ-
once-famous Round Hill School at Northampton | ities of these years. There are interesting let-
have written interesting reminiscences concern ters to Polk and his cabinet members, showing
ing it, — notably Mr. Thomas Appleton, in his the changed attitude of England toward the
“Sheaf of Papers.” Surrounded by beautiful United States as the Mexican War progressed,
scenery and supported by the patronage of and also giving Bancroft's impressions of
aristocratic families in New England and New English and French statesmen and authors —
York, the school still failed to fulfil its promise, notably Lord John Russell, Lord Palmerston,
and proved a disappointing chapter in Bancroft's Guizot, Lamartine, Macaulay, Hallam, and
life, as it is in his biography.
After closing his relations with the school, Equipped with “ superb material” which he
Bancroft still lived in Northampton for a time, had gathered for his History in England and
writing articles for the North American France, Bancroft returned to eighteen years of
Review,” translating treatises on history and authorship as a private citizen in New York
political science by his friend, Professor Heeren, and at his estate in Newport. The three vol-
and recalling his impressions of Goethe from umes which had already appeared were increased
many others.


1908.]
269
THE DIAL
to nine before the close of 1867. During these such a belief. He realized that his History must
years of writing, he kept in touch with the be circumscribed by the period from America's
current political, social, and ästhetic interests discovery to her real beginning as a nation ; but
of America. Always opposed to slavery he was he determined to make that segment more com-
yet a Douglas Democrat, distrusting Lincoln at plete by writing a “ History of the Formation of
first but later becoming a strong admirer and the Constitutions," which he published, in two
his eulogist in Congress. In this memorial volumes, in 1882. He also revised two editions
oration Bancroft gave another proof of his of his History,
the centenary edition of 1876
tactless independence by comparing, with scath and the later one of 1883: An interesting page
ing epithets, Lord Palmerston with Lincoln. in Mr. Howe's biography is given to a compar-
Although he had arranged for the absence of ison, in parallel columns, of the earlier ornate
the British minister, as Mr. Howe has stated, and discursive description of the colony of
yet bis words increased the bitterness of feeling Virginia, in the original form in 1834, and
against him on the part of English newspapers the brief and direct style in the last revised
and American opponents.
edition. These “ final years” of the historian's
There has been a lurking suspicion in many life are pictured with graphic effect
his inces-
minds that Hawthorne's appointment as Consul sant activities in library, garden, or on horse-
at Liverpool was the result of his admiring biog- back, and the tireless zeal which called from
raphy of his friend, Franklin Pierce, published Holmes the comment, “ You must be made of
just before the latter's election as President. iron and vulcanized india-rubber, or some such
An unfortunate shadow of a similar kind has compound of resistance and elasticity."
been cast on Bancroft's memory by the discovery Mr. Howe offers no detailed examination of
of evidence, collated and published by Professor the History. Some salient traits of Bancroft
Dunning of Columbia, that Bancroft wrote at the time of his greatest productivity are
Andrew Johnson's first annual message to pointed out. The most marked characteristic
Congress. The surmise is that Bancroft was was his industry; a second was the “ fervid
rewarded with the diplomatic place which had belief in himself ” which involved him in private
long been his goal — that of Minister to Berlin. and literary controversies such as that of the
Mr. Howe gives frankly the proofs of Bancroft's “Grandfather's War,” following his estimates
service to Johnson, so long a secret; but he of certain Revolutionary generals. His avid
emphasizes Bancroft's special fitness for the posi- grasp after first-hand material led sometimes
tion, and his other political services, which should to his placing a disproportionate value upon
be remembered to his credit. The account of manuscripts over later and revised publications.
his life in Germany, during the crucial years of The method by which he kept, in diaries, the
the Franco-Prussian war and the readjustments calendar of each year that he was studying his-
in Germany and France, is given with zest. In torically, noting not alone the major events but
his letters vital impressions of great international also lunar changes, etc., of each day, indicated
events are commingled with records of conversa his earnest desire for accuracy and realism.
tions with Bismarck, Bunsen, Von Moltke, and These diaries, with his other papers and books,
various literary celebrities whom Bancroft met are now in the Lenox Library of New York, not-
at the club of savants to which he belonged. withstanding Bancroft's earnest desire to have
Again, as in other political crises and in his them owned by the nation. An excellent biblio-
History, the partisan spirit and its too frank graphy, compiled by Mr. Henry C. Strippel of
expression brought him into controversies ; the Lenox Library, forms an appendix to Mr.
Victor Hugo expressed in " L'Année Terrible” Howe's biography.
the indignation of many Frenchmen against
There are
no comparisons suggested here
what they considered an official bias towards between Bancroft and his contemporaries in
Germany and lack of neutrality on the part of historical writing, — Motley, Prescott, and Hil-
President Grant as well as of his representative
representative dreth, —or his successors of our own generation.
in Germany.
Of the earlier group he is entitled to rank as a
Bancroft was seventy-four when he returned pioneer by reason of the extent and research of
to America, chose Washington as his residence, his studies.
his studies. It is doubtful if Bancroft's History
and published the tenth volume of his History. is read voluntarily by many youths to-day, or
The average man of good health and industry if it is really enjoyed when re-read by many
would feel that his life-work was nearing its middle life. The author failed to achieve the
end at this age, but Bancroft did not accept | picturesque and vivifying effects which are
of


270
[May 1,
THE DIAL
found in Motley, Prescott, and Parkman. In nearly always cut short by some pathological
his “ Conclusions” Mr. Howe lays due emphasis process ? There are savages who have so little
upon the inter-relation of Bancroft with his age regard for their old people that they do not hesi-
and his literary work; he cites many failings tate to eject them forcibly from the world ; but
judged by current criticism, but in extenuation among civilized peoples, where there is so much
of Bancroft's aim and methods he says : to be learned, where experience is so costly and
“Into these the personal equation and what may
be so precious, the cutting off of the elders can
called the temporal equation vitally entered. Especially scarcely be regarded with satisfaction. The
n the free use of his materials must he be judged
mere prolongation of life is not Metchnikoff's
according to the standards of his day. It was a day in
which quotation marks were not the sacred enclosures
ideal; he has no desire to see the number of
they have become. . . . Admit the worst, that at times, helpless aged increased; but he maintains that
with his immediate ends in view, he made such uses of it should be possible to prolong the period of
his manuscript materials as to impair their value to active and useful existence far beyond its pre-
future students ; yet remember always that he col-
lected these materials with a thoroughness and an
sent customary limit, and that if this were done
appreciation of their worth which the most modern of people would at length die normally and hap-
historians can hardly surpass, and that his pioneer work pily, as they sleep.
pily, as they sleep. The tragedy of death, for
in this direction has been of untold benefit, actual and them and for their friends, would cease to exist,
suggestive, to many who have come after him.”
and thus the sorrow of mankind would be
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.
lightened to an immeasurable degree.
Whatever we may think of Professor ·Metch-
nikoff's philosophy, the ideal thus set forth is a
'THE OPTIMISM OF SCIENCE.*
noble one, and perhaps not wholly unattainable.
Should it be realized, “old age will be post-
Professor Metchnikoff, after many years
of
devotion to science, and with an intimate knowl: poned so much that men of from sixty to seventy
edge of the ills which afflict mankind, declares require to ask assistance in the fashion now neces-
years of age will retain their vigour, and will not
himself an optimist. This he does for no meta-
sary. On the other hand, young men of twenty-
physical reasons ; no “ Power divine which
one years of age will no longer be thought mature
moves to good ” has ever been observed in his
or ready to fulfil functions so difficult as taking
laboratory; he has not “ the remotest idea if
a share in public affairs” (p. 329).
nature has any ideal and if the appearance of
The present dominance of the comparatively
man on the earth were a part of such an ideal,"
(p. 333; a curious sentence, no doubt better in
young may appear to be justified as promoting
progress ; but it is at least doubtful whether
the original French). He has lived, however,
He has lived, however, the period of life during which the struggle for
to see the physical evils of human existence
personal advantage is fiercest, and the outlook
conspicuously lessened through scientific dis-
narrowed in consequence, is one in which it is
coveries, in the development of which he has
possible to take a broad view of public affairs.
had a most honorable part. To him, it is
There are few in this country who would exclude
Science, not Religion, which is to be the regen-
the young man from politics, but both in politics
erator: for “ Science has already justified the
and education we might well afford to exchange
hopes which have been placed in it. It has
saved people from the most terrible diseases, for the calm wisdom of maturity. We could
some measure of our restless youthful energy
and has made life much easier. On the other
afford this, but perhaps the exchange is not
hand, religions which demand an uncritical
necessary. In countries happy in the possession
faith as the means of curing the ills which afflict
of wise and esteemed old men, it is delightful to
humanity have not fulfilled their promises."
Of the various evils which
see the youth, fired by their ideals and example,
be lessened or
may
adding thereto the vigor and enterprise they
banished by the intelligent application of scien-
possess so abundantly; not too slavishly fol-
tific methods, disease and premature death are
lowing the masters, but in every good sense
the most important. Professor Metchnikoff,
realising in his own person some of the disadvan: upholding and continuing the golden threads of
Thus the later years of
past achievement.
tages of old age, has been led to raise the ques- Ruskin, Darwin, Gladstone, and others were of
tion: Why should the last period of life be so
handicapped by manifold disadvantages, and the other hand, those who have had to do with
priceless value to the generation following. On
THE PROLONGATION OF LIFE: OPTIMISTIC STUDIES. By Élie
education know too well that the mere contact
Metchnikoff. English Translation, edited by P. Chalmers
of youth with youth fails to produce either
Mitchell. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1908.]
271
THE DIAL
even to excess.
breadth of view or desirable ideals; and there his contemporaries. Often, however, we are
are some at least who for this very reason regret left in a rather puzzled condition, not knowing
the prevalent immaturity of the present gener- how to estimate the value of the statements
ation of teachers. Those of us who have read made. Thus, at the end of the discussion of
with enthusiasm of the zeal displayed by German remedies, we find the words regarding general
students of the forties in upholding their ideal sobriety and so forth, quoted above; and we natu-
istic political views, find it humiliating to dis- rally think that in this rather vague statement
cover that American students of to-day are we have an irreducible minimum. But on page
similarly energetic in defending — nothing 91 our attention is called to the following:
better than their “right” to engage in horse “Sobriety is certainly favourable to long life, but it
play or become intoxicated.
is not necessary, because quite a number of centenarians
But to return to Metchnikoff, and his plans by Chemin, drank wine and spiri
have drunk freely. Several of those who are catalogued
for promoting robust longevity. He is per-
Catherine Reymond, for instance, who died in 1758 at
suaded, after considering the subject from every the age of 107 years, drank much wine; and Politiman,
point of view, that intestinal bacteria are to a surgeon who lived from 1685 to 1825, was in the habit,
blame for most of the trouble. The discussion from his twenty-fifth year onward, of getting drunk every
is scientific and technical, and cannot be con-
night. . . . A most curious example is that of the Irish
land owner Brawn, who lived to the age of 120, and who
densed here; but he concludes that a most
had an inscription put upon his tombstone that he was
important remedy is found in the bacteria of always drunk, and when in that condition was so terrible
soured milk, or lactic acid bacteria, which in that even death had been afraid of him."
hibit putrefaction in the large intestine. He Even the scientific statements cannot all be
himself has employed this treatment for many accepted without question. It is no doubt the
years, and is well satisfied with the result. “A fault of the translator that in one or two places
reader who has little knowledge of such matters moths are called butterflies ; but the assertion
may be surprised by my recommendation to
on page 100 that Amaryllis lutea “
passes
absorb large quantities of microbes, as the gen- through all the stages of its life-history in ten
eral belief is that all microbes are harmful. days " evidently rests on a misconception. The
This belief, however, is erroneous. There are plant is a bulb, and the ten days must refer
many useful microbes, amongst which the lactic simply to the reproductive period, which is a
bacilli have an honourable place” (p. 181). very different matter. To discuss all the debat-
Nevertheless, the subject is said to be still very able points would, however, be equally impos-
imperfectly understood ; it will be necessary to sible and inappropriate in this place. The illus-
test the theory by numerous observations, car trations are decidedly unsatisfactory, largely as
ried on for considerable periods of time. “In
the result of poor presswork and probably of
the meantime, those who wish to preserve their old blocks.
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
intelligence as long as possible and to make
• Chemin, it may be remarked, did not hesitate to accept the
their cycle of life as complete and as normal as
word of "the natives,” the New York
is possible under present conditions, must depend similarly trustworthy purveyors of news.
on general sobriety and on habits conforming to
the rules of rational hygiene ” (p. 183).
Although Professor Metchnikoff's' book is
“IK MARVEL" AND HIS BOOKS.*
important on account of its topic, and interest-
ing and suggestive in its treatment of it, it is
The publication of the “ Edgewood Edition”
impossible to praise it very highly from a literary
of the works of Donald G. Mitchell emphasizes
standpoint. The translation is probably accu-
the fact that the history of American Literature
rate, but too literal to be elegant. The whole
covers a very short period of time. Two lives
structure of the book, however, can only be
take us back to the beginning. Washington
described as loose-jointed, and this cannot be Irving read “ The Reveries of a Bachelor
peculiar to the English version. The latter half
with delight, and accepted the dedication of
contains a number of rather disconnected
“ Dream Life” to himself “ as an outward sign
essays,
that we are linked cordially in sympathies and
including a lengthy dissertation on Goethe and
“Faust,” in which some serious problems are
friendship.” The fifteen beautiful volumes
raised and, on the whole, left rampant. With
before us form a vista through which we look
praiseworthy honesty, the author is careful to back to the days of Salmagundi,” “ The Tales
exhibit the different sides of the questions he
• THE WORKS OF DONALD G. MITCHELL. Edgewood Edition.
In fifteen volumes. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's
discusses and to cite the adverse criticisms of
Herald," and other
Sons.


272
[May 1,
THE DIAL
of a Traveller,” and “ The Sketch Book.” “Ik prose, and did not feel compelled to hide behind
Marvel " was sixty years ago hailed as the the veil of esoteric verse. In fact, it was a
natural successor of “Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.” period when the distinction between prose and
And “Ik Marvel " has lived to write charming verse had broken down. A generation that en-
prefaces to his numerous works, in 1907. joyed versified novels like “ Aurora Leigh" and
Washington Irving inherited directly from “ Lucile” had a warm welcome for prose-poems.
Goldsmith. He carried into the America of The fact that the “ Reveries” and “Dream-
the nineteenth century the style of the English Life” have had a steady sale for half a century is
essayists of the eighteenth century. He was a reassuring sign that the reading public does
accused of lacking that highly prized and yet not really grow
not really grow old. There are always certain
rarely defined quality, “ Americanism.” Did readers who are in their twenties, and some of
he not delight to tell the story of rambles in the them have the courage of their convictions.
old world? Was there not a genial warmth in The underlying conviction is that they have
his account of an English country house? Did lived long, and seen through many illusions, and
he not throw the glamor of old-world romance pondered deeply the problems of life, and have
over new-world scenes ? Was not his humor left only one problem unsolved, does the Per-
quiet rather than obstreperous ? Did he not fect Woman belong to the category of the existent
prefer meditation to business?
or the non-existent? As the fire flames or fades
After answering all these queries in the they grow sentimental or cynical, and find them-
affirmative, one may add that in these respects selves equally interesting in either condition.
Irving was very like a considerable number of All this was pleasantly set forth by Mr.
his countrymen. They, too, had an affectionate Mitchell before he turned his mind to the more
interest in the land of their forefathers, and a mundane matters of sub-soiling and the rotation
preference for the amenities of life. It is to of crops. It is well that in the later editions
this class that Donald G. Mitchell belongs. he refrained his hand from his earlier work. He
Throughout his literary life there has been a could only have marred the completeness of
noticeable detachment from contemporary inter the impression. Here at least it is true that
ests. In the early fifties, when the country
“ second thoughts are prose.'
was aflame with anti-slavery agitation, he wrote If in his first books Mr. Mitchell takes us
“ The Reveries of a Bachelor” and “ Dream back to the past, it must be said that the work
Life.” During the Civil War no echoes of the of his maturer days was in some respects that
strife are allowed to disturb the agricultural of a pioneer.
Within half a dozen
years
there
meditations of “Edgewood Farm." This Amer has been a great revival in out-of-door litera-
ican country-gentlemán has lived the life of an ture. Scores of books have been written and
English country-gentleman of literary procliv- periodicals published setting forth the charms of
ities. He looks out upon the world from his country life. It is part of a most hopeful move-
snug retreat as Horace Walpole looked out upon ment back to the land. It was not so in 1863,
it from his imitation castle on Strawberry Hill. when “My Farm of Edgewood” was published.
Mr. Mitchell, though he has written much The question had not then become urgent,
and well, is still known as the author of The 66 Do
you
find
your brain taking breadth or
Reveries of a Bachelor.” One takes up the color out of carrot raising or pumpkins ? Mr.
book with a little trepidation. Will it bear re Mitchell had to educate his readers to an appre-
reading? What a very young bachelor he was ! ciation of the possibilities of the farm. As a
He was only half through his twenties, and yet literary farmer he has been a great success, and
his air was so solemnly reminiscent. In the his career has been a refutation of his own thesis
strenuous days of President Roosevelt there that the practice of agriculture is not conducive
seems something artificial in the pose. Why to intellectual development. He has managed
should a young fellow of twenty-six assume to to get two crops from his land, using the rainy
have reached “the years that bring the philo- days to gather in the “ harvest of a quiet eye.
sophic mind,” and sit by the fire, whether it be Perhaps he has been too good a farmer to get
of crackling hickory or glowing anthracite ? the best, or rather the most lucrative, literary
Why should he not be up and doing ?
results. The “ best sellers ” have been books
Then we remember that literary taste “ be- confessing to such amazing misadventures in the
fore the war was not intolerant of sentiment art of husbandry that even we of laity, pent up
or even of sentimentality. Young gentlemen in cities, could see the joke and join with Reuben
indulged their feelings in the publicity of and Jake in their laughter. Mr. Mitchell never


1908.]
273
THE DIAL
made blunders of sufficient magnitude to be
MEMORIES OF Two CONTINENTS.*
broadly amusing. When he takes us into his
confidence he never gets beyond the quiet humor Colonel Clark E. Carr, already known
of a man who can point out the fact that through his contribution to the history of
Connecticut is not Arcadia.
Illinois — “The Illini: A Story of the Prairies
There is a pleasant contrast between the and his shorter work on « Lincoln and
bookishness of “Wet Days at Edgewood” and Gettysburg," has led a life sufficiently varied
the homely common-sense of the volume en and eventful to warrant expectation that any
titled “Out of Town Places, with hints for reminiscences published by him in this his
their improvement.” But everywhere there is a eighth decade must prove of rather unusual
serious enthusiasm for country life and all it interest. Born in Erie County, N. Y., in 1836,
brings with it. He is no fickle lover, and he but early transplanted to Illinois soil, choosing
warns his readers that they must be content with the law for his profession and Republicanism
no superficial preference for rural things. “I for his political creed, he became a zealous anti-
would not counsel any one to think of a home in slavery worker and has taken an active part
the country whose heart does not leap when he in nearly every important pre-election campaign
sees the first grass-tips lifting in the city court- since that of 1856, when he mounted the stump
yards, and the boughs of the Forsythia adrip for Fremont. In the Civil War he served as
with golden censers. Many a man mistakes a colonel on the staff of Governor Yates, the “war
certain pleasurable association of his boyhood governor.” Chosen a delegate to the national
days with the country for an earnest love; it Republican convention of 1864, he was again
may be only a sentiment which will wilt with the appointed a delegate, this time at large, in 1884.
scorching heats of August, and will die utterly Under President Harrison he served as United
when the frosts nip the verdure of the year." States Minister to Denmark, and at the Paris
No man of letters, if he lives long enough, Exposition of 1900 he did our Western farmers
escapes writing a novel. Mr. Mitchell's novel, a good turn by his successful management of
“ Dr. Johns," has shared the fate of Henry the American Corn Kitchen, which accomplished
Ward Beecher's Norwood," which was of the so much in creating a demand for our national
same period. It is remembered as the work of cereal in countries until then ignorant of its
a man who had done better things.
virtues.
Throughout these volumes we have many With such a fund of experience to draw
glimpses of the warm friendship existing be upon, and with a retentive memory and a facile
tween the author and his publisher, Mr. Charles pen, Colonel Carr has produced, in “ My Day
Scribner. Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have and Generation," a thoroughly readable book,
in this beautiful edition furnished a memorial brisk, breezy, and cheerful, and, one cannot but
of this friendship. Not all these volumes are believe, admirably characteristic of the writer,
likely to be read, but it is good to have them whose friendly countenance and ample propor-
bound together. Of the best of them we may say,
tions make an attractive frontispiece to the
as Mr. Mitchell says of “The Sketch Book”: volume. Twenty-eight chapters --- all short ex-
“I know there is a disposition to speak of it rather except the first, which describes in detail “ A
patronizingly and apologetically — as if it were reminis- Journey to California in 1869 with Governor
cent - Anglican --- conventional - as if he would have | Yates” - present a rapid succession of partial
done better if he had possessed our modern critical
bias - or if he had been born in Boston - or born a
portraits and of glimpses of things seen in
philosopher outright: Well, perhaps 80 - perhaps so.
America and Europe.
“ But I love to think and believe that our dear old Happening to meet with Carl Schurz in that
Mr. Irving was born just where he should have been early California journey, the author has recorded
born, and wrote in a way that it is hardly worth our his recollections of the man, and especially com-
while to try and mend for him.
“I understand that a great many promising young
pliments him on his command of our language;
people without fear of the critics before their eyes
but, in seeking to account for the unusual ele-
keep on persistently reading that old Sketch Book, gance and purity of his speech, Colonel Carr
with its • Broken Hearts,' and Wife' twining like a apparently confuses Schurz with Kossuth. It
vine, and Spectre Bridegroom,' and all the rest.
was the Hungarian who is said to have thumbed
And I suspect that those same promising young his Shakespeare to such excellent practical pur-
people are also still reading the “Reveries of a
pose behind prison bars ; the German patriot
Bachelor” and “ Dream Life."
S. M. CROTHERS.
MY DAY AND GENERATION. By Clark E. Carr. Illustrated.
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
66


274
[May 1,
THE DIAL
presses himself :
con-
-
underwent no such period of incarceration, but roof. You are this evening to be one of our family
acquired his English by oral exercise in London circle. I will present you to them, and hope that you
will make friends with us all, as we will do with you.
and, later, in this country. Another little matter
We shall soon expect to receive your wife and children,
in which one is tempted to put the author right: and hope that before very long you will feel that you
he exults in the freedom from custom-house are at home in our dear Denmark.'”
annoyances that makes travel through our broad One chapter is devoted to the Codex Flatey-
land so delightful as compared with a journey ensis or Flatey Book, which, some readers may
across Europe, and he thus complacently ex like to be reminded, is an ancient Icelandic
“ Notwithstanding all the
manuscript containing, among other historical
extravagant declamation of the doctrinaires
or semi-historical narrative, an account of what
about what they are pleased to call “the robber was probably the first visit of white men to these
tariff,' ours is the greatest free-trade country shores. Written more than five hundred years
of the earth." This assertion, just at this time, ago, the Flatey Book is Denmark's most precious
will to some seem a little amusing.
literary possession. Consequently when, in the
Among the famous men of an earlier day autumn of 1892, Minister Carr was instructed
whom Mr. Carr met and talked with were
from Washington to ask for the loan of the
Lincoln, General Sherman, Owen Lovejoy, priceless parchment, for public exhibition at the
Martin Van Buren, Robert G. Ingersoll, Columbian Exposition, the Danish authorities
Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin F. Wade, and were strongly disinclined to grant the request.
Oliver P. Morton ; but concerning none of these But as public interest in the matter grew, and
public characters does he record anything so as our country had offered to take the most
noteworthy and characteristic as to call for extraordinary precautions to protect the volume
quotation here. An account of a call on Hayes, from loss or injury, even to the sending of a
at Columbus, in those days of suspense in war vessel for its convoy, Denmark at last
February, 1876, shows us the soon-to-be Presi-
sented too late, however, as may be remem-
dent in a state of eager, almost boyish, expecta- bered, for all our available ships of war had by
tion that may surprise the reader and lead him that time been ordered to New York to take
to doubt whether, if the odd vote had gone the part in the great naval parade. A facsimile
way, the defeated candidate would have reproduction from the venerable codex and a
borne his disappointment with all the dignified short account of its history and contents close
calm displayed by his rival.
the chapter.
Some of the best pages in the book treat of In enumerating Mr. Carr's public offices, we
matters European, and more particularly Dan- have omitted his appointment to the postmaster-
ish. From the many passages concerning the ship of Galesburg in 1861. To that appoint-
late King Christian IX., “ the grandfather of ment we probably owe his excellent chapter on
Europe,” a few sentences describing the new “ The Railway Mail Service,” since it was his
American Minister's reception at his hands may official duty that brought him into communica-
be of interest here.
tion with George B. Armstrong, originator of
“ It is said that, as a Minister represents his sovereign, that service, and a man of something like genius
or as in my case his chief magistrate, no one has suffi in his chosen work. The story of the organizing
cient rank to present him to the sovereign to whom he
is accredited. Certainly on this occasion I was quite
and perfecting of this department of the post-
alone with the King in the audience-chamber. I had
office is told from first-hand information, and an
never before been in the presence of royalty, and it account is given of a trip on the first fast mail
was only natural that I should feel some degree of train (wholly of mail cars) that ran — from New
embarrassment. This, I think, His Majesty observed ; York to Chicago, September 16–17, 1875. It
not, as I came to believe, to my discredit.
“ In the most perfect English the King replied, wel-
is reassuring to learn how rare are the mistakes
coming me to Denmark, and expressing the hope that made in the handling of the twenty million pieces
my residence at Copenhagen would be agreeable, both of mail matter that now pass from sender to
to myself and to my family, which terminated the receiver in the course of a year: the errors
formal audience. I had been made aware that it is
the privilege of royalty to end all interviews, and sup-
amount to about one in twelve thousand pieces
handled.
posed of course that the time had come when the King
would signify that my business was finished.
Not so.
Colonel Carr's pen is not so severely correct
His Majesty continued:
as to be incapable of making an occasional slip.
“I am very happy, Mr. Minister, to welcome you just Of Judge Taney (of Dred Scott fame) who was
now to my home. You are to dine with my wife and
me [he did not say “the Queen ”), and we have with us
born in 1777 and died in 1864, the author says
our children and grandchildren assembled under this
that he died at the age of eighty-five, though


1908.]
275
THE DIAL
the dates of his birth and death are correctly system, he assures us, is a mere transition; the
given. In expressing himself, Mr. Carr occa School is not to return to the control of the Family
sionally indulges in a tangled or otherwise or of the Church, but it is to go free from the State.
awkward construction but not often. Amid
What is to come is “the independence of a sufficient
periods so irreproachable as most of his are, it
group of educators from all external control (save,
is somewhat disconcerting to encounter an infini-
of course, public opinion).” The American school-
system stands alone in its non-professional and local
tive that is not simply split with an adverbial
control. Germany and France have professional
wedge, but actually rent asunder as with dyna- authority for all educational affairs, and central
mite. Let us illustrate: 6 When I told him we control for all large general matters. (England
were [going to the Yosemite), he expressed a has, of course, as yet no school system, but only a
desire to, with his wife, who was on board, join
us and be of our party.” The many illustra our common schools into the hands of unexpert,
tions and clear print contribute to the attractive sometimes even uneducated, persons, - we do not
hesitate to entrust even higher education, the uni-
appearance of this inviting book.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
versity itself, to the absolute and final discretion of
men to whom in some cases the very nature and
problems of higher education are quite unknown.
The facts of the usurpation in question are summed
RECENT EDUCATIONAL DISCUSSIONS.*
up by Dr. Chancellor thus: “Wherever the public
school of the State exists, there it is absolutely con-
Worthy of far more space than can be given it here trolled and in every respect directed by a political
is Dr. W. E. Chancellor's recently published “Theory board of education. The superintendent, if any
of Motives, Ideals, and Values in Education.” Super- there be, is chosen by that board. Courses of study,
ficiality is a common fault of educational writing text books, rules and regulations, generally appoint-
of the day, which runs too much to “the elaboration ments, transfers, discharges, and always salaries of
of the obvious.” So far removed is this book from
teachers, are determined by the board” (p. 132).
any such weakness that one often feels that the
The most original portion of the book is Chapter
author is still struggling to express the conception VIII., which deals mainly with “ The Progressive
which is as yet new even to him; often, too, one Stages of Education," or, rather, the stages of the
finds himself, at least on first reading, in sharp development of the individual soul, which of course
opposition to the views propounded. More careful must determine the course of rational education.
reading will clear up many apparent obscurities, and Dr. Chancellor names seven of these stages; we
doubtless mature consideration will bring one closer summarize them with some hesitation and with apolo-
to the author's radical positions. The book is not gies for possible misinterpretation. First, the dawn
for all readers, but rather for those who can bring of consciousness; second, the awareness of the body;
to it some knowledge of philosophical as well as edu- third, acquaintance with the outer world; fourth,
cational thought. To such it will prove a stimulus knowledge of one's own soul, and hence of the
and inspiration. Every teacher may well feel a deep duality of soul and body ; fifth, the attainment of
satisfaction in the production of so strong and able self-direction; sixth, the power to control others ;
a work on the deeper problems of his profession. seventh and highest, “the comprehension of the
We wish to call attention briefly to three or four world-spirit.” Few reach the higher stages;
characteristic features of the work. The first is the Napoleon and Washington lived in the sixth, the
proposition that education should be independent of first as a failure and the second as a success in it;
all external control; this the author maintains in even Plato and Socrates and Lincoln failed to attain
one of his most powerful chapters, entitled “The the seventh ; Jesus alone has attained it. In this
Subordination of the School.”
To the average
chapter the reader feels most of all that the author
American, the state-controlled public school is a has not fully succeeded in clothing his ideas in ade-
sacred thing, even though he worships it somewhat
quate form; but it is perhaps none the less worth
as a fetish; to Dr. Chancellor, the State School reading for that.
is "a disease" with “disagreeable complications." From the multitude of other striking propositions
“ Better,” he says, “ the dependence of the School
in this work, we pick two almost at random. Dr.
upon
the Church than
upon
the State.” The present Chancellor derides the prevalent prejudice against
* A THEORY OF MOTIVES, IDEALS, AND VALUES IN EDUCATION.
married women as teachers, and it must be ad-
By William Estabrook Chancellor. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin mitted that he makes out a good case for the opinion
& Co.
MORAL TRAINING IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The California
that every staff of teachers should include a consider-
Prize Essays. By Charles E. Rugh, T. P. Stevenson, Edwin D. able proportion of mothers. “A high-school of a
Starbuck, Frank Cramer, and George E. Myers. Boston: Ginn
thousand students needs a faculty of forty or fifty
& Co.
THE CHILD'S MIND: Its Growth and Training. A Short teachers, ten or a dozen fathers, as many mothers,
Study of Some Processes of Learning and Teaching. By W. E. and a minority only of subordinate bachelors and
Urwick. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
maidens, corresponding to the youthful tutors of the
SUGGESTION IN EDUCATION, By M. W. Keating. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
colleges and ushers of the English schools” (p. 173).


276
[May 1,
THE DIAL
In general, we know of no more illuminating discus of moral education; doubtless when we have made
sion of the problem of the teaching force in America more progress toward scientific knowledge of the
than this chapter, on “The Formal System of laws of moral development we shall find much more
Education.”
common ground for the pronouncements of experts.
Finally, Dr. Chancellor perceives and declares that As space does not permit special review of each of
our present period of compulsory education is inade these essays, we content ourselves with one or two
quate. In the ideal school, “every boy and every girl remarks concerning them. Most striking is the unan-
will be kept at school until adolescence has passed its imous conviction of the urgency of the problem, and
climax and character and intelligence have been well of our present remissness; and here, fortunately, most
established” (p. 175). We should have been glad to thoughtful people will agree. The most interesting
see much more space given to this subject in a book positive proposal is made by Dr. Stevenson: “Let
dealing with the theory of education as a whole. the State teach in her public schools the system of
The vast majority of our children are dismissed from morality which is embodied in her own laws, with
school just when the real work of character forma such sanctions as the religious character of the State
tion begins. We are acting upon the old fallacy herself supplies ” (p. 79). We note with regret that
embodied in the oft-quoted saying, “Give me the no adequate recognition is given to the fact empha-
child until he is twelve, and I care not who has him sized by Dr. Chancellor, as before noted, that the
afterwards." Let us, rather, learn wisdom from positive formation of character takes place mainly in
those unequalled educators, the Jesuits, who left the the secondary and not in the elementary period. We
boy to others until he was twelve (or thereabouts), find in the essays no effective plan for meeting the
and then took him in hand, holding him if possible ethical needs of the great mass of children who drop
until he reached the
age of manhood.
The means out of school before they are fifteen, and no adequate
of education for the youth who now leave school at treatment of the peculiar problem of the secondary
fourteen must be discovered and put vigorously into school. The essays abound in practical suggestions
operation.
calculated to aid the teacher in making better use of
the means now at hand in the school, and no teacher
Nothing is more noticeable, in recent educational can afford to neglect a careful reading of the book.
discussion, than the great access of interest in the The thanks of all interested in education are due to
problem of moral training. The world is re the generous and modest giver of the funds for the
awakening to the old truth that the rational end of prizes and the publication of the essays.
education is character, and that the great problem
is how to lay hands upon the development not only Two educational books by English writers are in
of bodily and mental powers, but also upon the our present group. The first, “The Child's Mind,
directive will. A striking incident in this general its Growth and Training,” by W. E. Urwick, M.A.,
condition is the case of the California Prize Essays we may dispose of in a few words. It seems to
on “Moral Training in the Public Schools." About contain nothing that has not been better said by
two years ago, announcement was made that a previous writers, such as Kirkpatrick, Rowe, Tracy,
citizen of California, who wished his name withheld and especially Tyler. We find in the book ele-
(and who has not yet seen fit to permit his identity mentary matter set forth in a complicated and
to be revealed), offered two prizes of $500 and difficult style; in consequence, the reader who is in
$300, respectively, for the best essays on the subject need of such a book will find this one obscure and
mentioned. Some three hundred essays were re perplexing, while those who can readily understand
ceived by the committee in charge; award of the the book do not need to read it. In passing, we
prizes was made, and in further execution of the cannot but marvel at the statement that “ Common
wishes of the donor the best essays were published. sense will teach every teacher the importance of
Besides the two prize essays, three others were chosen fresh air” (p. 34). Would that this were so, not
for this honor. The book containing them is now at only as regards teachers, but also housekeepers,
hand, bearing the title originally announced for the church wardens, and the whole race of janitors !
essays, “Moral Training in the Public Schools.” The production of monographs marks an ad-
The five writers are as follows, in order of the vanced stage of the science to which they relate.
judges' award: Mr. Charles E. Rugh, Principal of Books on education en gros have been long in vogue,
the Bay School, Oakland, California ; Rev. T. P. and it is good to see a change in such books as Mr.
Stevenson, Philadelphia ; Prof. E. D. Starbuck of M. W. Keating's “Suggestion in Education.” The
the University of Iowa; Mr. Frank Cramer of Palo work is, as its title indicates, a study in educational
Alto; and Principal George E. Myers of the psychology; and it is a very thorough and helpful
McKinley Manual Training School, Washington, The writer has uncommon powers of psycho-
D. C. The book is short, and readable throughout. logical description : his account of the subconscious,
It is surprising to find so little duplication of opinion for example, seems to us the best short description
and proposals. Some general ideas, of course, ap we have met (p. 143 ff). He has also in a high
pear in all the papers; but detail and definite degree the art of making his exposition vivid and
proposals are completely varied. Perhaps this is interesting without being diffuse, by mingling just
indicative of the rudimentary state of the problem I the right proportions of the concrete and the didactic.
one.


1908.]
277
THE DIAL
“ Yet for many
The plan of discussion is clear and logical. In the not respect his children has no personal claim upon
hypnotic state, and in “split-off selves,” we are their honor." Two sentences a little further on strike
shown the extreme forms of suggestion and dissoci the keynote of the book : “ Preliminary to teaching
ation; then we pass to an examination of suggestion children how to obey is the process of learning how
in normal waking states. Next come the conditions, to command. When a child is intransigent, it is
preliminary and immediate, under which suggestion worth while to consider whether it is not he that is
is effective — with constant reference to the teacher's administering the rebuke.” A fine capacity for as-
task. The remaining four chapters, from the seventh suming the child's point of view, and also a sense of
to the twelfth, really deal with the influence of sug- humor, are revealed in the following : “ The one
gestion in the formation of character; and we know unescapable part of our children's environment is
of few more fruitful studies of moral education. Of ourselves. Over them we are always impending. At
peculiar interest are the conclusions drawn from the inconvenient times we rise in their
way
and impede
fact that indirect suggestion is always more power their most absorbing occupations. On their excur
ful than direct, owing to the contrariant ideas likely sions into the wilds of fancy it is we who obtrude
to be roused by direct suggestion. Speaking of a and with philistine complacency drive them back into
noted school-book, the author says:
the gross world of wash-basins and table manners.
boys the very title, Book of Moral Lessons,' would Three small boys are busy blasting. One is a work-
be sufficient to bring up the resolve that under no man; a second is the fuse; the third is the hole, and
circumstances would any of the moral apothegms is about to explode for the sixth time. Who inter-
therein contained be permitted to touch the springs rupts with some trivial but insistent remark about
of action” (p. 167). The writer points out that less noise or clean clothes ? One of us. And the
many popular methods of moral instruction suffer worst of it is that we who are so troublesomely recur-
from the weakness inherent in the direct form of rent, and who are their source of supplies, seem to
suggestion. He comes to the defence of the classics be incapable of appreciating the delights of becoming
and of hard studies in English literature: “The at will a trolley-car, an alligator, a goblin, or a hole
harder the technique of the subject, and the more in the ground.” There is significance in the fact
it is studied for itself, the more will the conditions that the author is a grandson of that oldtime favorite
for indirect moral suggestion be present” (p. 177). of children, Jacob Abbott, whose numerous and excel-
The whole chapter from which we quote, “ Some lent books include one on “Gentle Measures in the
Practical Applications," is of uncommon value to Management and Training of the Young."
the teacher especially to the teacher of literature,
in whatever tongue. Both Cæsar's Commentaries
World-problems Professor Svante Arrhenius, the dis-
as interpreted
and Tennyson's Odes would be vastly more vital
tinguished Swedish chemist and
chemistry. director of the Nobel Institute in
and powerful in the school-room if turned by the
method recommended through indirect suggestion to
Stockholm, has been led into astronomical fields by
ethical stimulus and illumination.
his researches in the borderland between physics
EDWARD O. SISSON.
and chemistry. About five years ago he published
a treatise on cosmical physics, which was recognized
by astronomers as worthy of high praise. So cor-
dially was that work received by scientists in general
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
that Dr. Arrhenius has developed and explained his
If there is any truth (and there most theories in a popular way in a new work, “ Worlds
The discipline
certainly is in the poet's assertion in the Making,” which has been done into very fair
of parentage.
that “self-reverence, self-knowledge, English by Dr. H. Borns, and is published by
self-control, — these three alone lead life to sovereign Messrs. Harper & Brothers. The book opens with
power,” it nowhere more clearly demonstrates itself a discussion of the present state of the interior of the
than in the domain of parental government. Mr. earth, as judged from the phenomena of volcanoes
Ernest Hamlin Abbott's pleasant and profitable little and earthquakes ; from which the author concludes
book “On the Training of Parents" (Houghton) that the crust cannot be very thick, and that the
illustrates this truth with much shrewdness, humor, interior core is gaseous. The gas, however, being
good sense, and evidence of actual and often perplex- under great pressure, is very viscous, and contains
ing experience. The obligation resting on parents much iron and other metals. On the exterior of the
to honor their children, no less than on children to earth, life is thought to have existed for millions of
honor their parents, is convincingly demonstrated. years, and to have a good chance of continuing -
“I sometimes wonder,” says the author, “if it is thanks to the presence of carbon dioxide in the
really just to lay the Fifth Commandment upon all atmosphere for untold ages to come.
The heat
American children. Somehow, there seems to be of the sun, the maintenance of which is commonly
something reciprocal implied in it. If that com ascribed to a slow process of contraction, is more
mandment is of universal application, it can be con probably due, our author thinks, to powerful chemi-
sidered so, I imagine, only on the ground that it cal reactions, which may maintain the present
states a duty owed ultimately not to the parents but output of light and heat for many thousands of
to the Almighty. Certainly that parent who does millions of years to come. The pressure which
by modern


278
[May 1,
THE DIAL
-
a mind that
The Comtesse
and Paris in
the twenties.
sunlight is now known to exert upon bodies is great before her hand was palsied by age -she lived to be
enough to drive very small particles away from the eighty-five, or thirty-six years after the last events
sun itself, just as this force repels the tenuous recorded in her third volume. As a matter of fact,
matter in the tails of comets. Many of these par-
the reminiscences were continued, we know not to
ticles enter our atmosphere, and cause electric and what date, but a fourth volume has been edited for
magnetic disturbances, among which the aurora publication in the original, and will soon appear, if it
borealis is to be reckoned. The sun, as it contin is not already issued. A long chapter, describing
ually loses heat, will finally become comparatively the Duchess of Berry's unsuccessful attempt to
cool, like the earth ; and while in this state it may create a revolution in favor of her son, the Count of
come into collision with some similar body, thus Chambord, was printed last month in the “ Revue
giving rise to a spiral nebulæ, from which a new des Deux Mondes." Those who have become inter-
solar system may be formed, to repeat the history ested in the translated memoirs will hope for still
of its predecessor. The evolution of worlds may another volume in English.
thus "continue in an eternal cycle, in which there
is neither beginning nor end, and in which life may
The two-fold interest in the account,
Revealments of
exist and continue forever and undiminished.” The
by Mr. Clifford W. Beers, of his
found itself.
concluding chapter develops the theory that germs
experiences as a patient in several
of lowly organic life are being continually carried
asylums for the insane is well maintained from
away from the earth and other planets into the sea
cover to cover of his book “A Mind That Found
of ether, eventually to fertilize other worlds. It is
Itself” (Longmans). As a human document, it
to be regretted that neither the author, the trans-
should contribute effectively to a better under-
lator, nor the publisher of this thoughtful and standing of what insanity is and of the treatment
stimulating book has provided it with an index; for
it requires. It is an autobiographical narrative
though the work contains only 230 pages, it is full
dealing with a phase of human experience that cries
of details many of which will be valuable for pur-
imperatively for care and insight. The distrust
that surrounds one whose mental health has been
poses of reference.
lost is difficult to overcome. We cannot easily look
In a third volume of the English upon it as illness, but rather as dethronement of all
de Boigne,
translation of the “ Memoirs of the that is vitally human, a disorganization hardly to
Comtesse de Boigne" (Scribner) the be recovered from. No reader of Mr. Beers's nar-
chatty Frenchwoman continues her recollections rative can fail to be impressed with the underlying
and impressions of persons and events through the community of thought and feeling that remains
decade 1820-30, covering the latter part of Louis during the disturbed period, and requires for its
XVIII.'s reign and the whole of that of Charles X., ministration the same type of sympathetic attention
with some first-hand accounts of the stirring street that facilitates all varieties of convalescence. The
scenes that made the month of July, 1830, a mem psychological interest concerns itself with the inside
orable one for Paris and for France. As in the view of insanity here recorded with close fidelity,
preceding instalments of this rather gossipy chron- and with an unusual ability of the recovered mind
icle, men and women of note in French history or to rehearse in sane recollection the disturbed experi-
literature are touched upon at frequent intervals,
These were typically violent, and yet devel-
but not, one regrets to find, with very much of oped about a few fundamental delusions, themselves
keen insight or remarkable descriptive power. The subject to the oscillations of morbid depressed
reader feels little better acquainted with Chateau- suspicion and grandiloquent elation. The other
briand or Talleyrand or Guizot, after reading these interest is humanitarian, and takes the form of a
memoirs than before. In the passing references to fervent protest against the brutal violence of attend-
these and other celebrities there is one mention of ants and the abusive mis-handling of unsympathetic
Cardinal Talleyrand that might, so far as the con and uncomprehending physicians. It is hardly
text and the appended footnote and the index, too, conceivable that in this day and generation such
are concerned, tend to deceive or bewilder the un practices as this narrative recounts should be so
wary reader: he might pause to query whether the widespread. In the presence of such possibilities,
famous diplomat, the Prince of Benevento, Abbé of the fear of impending insanity would be more than
St. Denis, Agent-General of the Clergy, Bishop of equalled by the dread of such abusive treatment.
Autun, and holder of numerous other ecclesiastical The plea is for the principle of non-restraint,
benefices and titles, had also received the red hat as principle that has proved its value wherever honestly
the crowning recognition of what Mirabeau called and appreciatively introduced. The book naturally
his infâme conduite. It was, however, the great carries with it, in spite of the critical care of friendly
Talleyrand's uncle, Alexandre Angélique, who at revisers, much of the intensity of an irritable tem-
tained to the cardinalate, though the index identi perament; yet with ample allowance for this trait,
fies him with the nephew. The publishers' note in the account rings true, and should do much to
designating this instalment of the “Memoirs ” as enlighten the public in regard to what is needed in
“the third and final volume,” might lead the reader the way of practical reforms for the work of minis-
to infer that the Comtesse had tired of her task long tering wisely to minds diseased.
ences.
a


1908.]
279
THE DIAL
William Penn
portrayed by
a descendant.
are
common
Mrs. Colquhoun Grant, who claims revelation, to say nothing of comm
imunication with
direct descent from William Penn, the departed and the cure of all ills (including sin
says in the preface to her book, and poverty) by absent treatment. Reasoning is at
" Quaker and Courtier : The Life and Work of best an uncertain art, and with analogy as a guide
William Penn” (Dutton) that “the twentieth century the popular vision is often led by a myopic leader.
still waits for a biography which will not only deal Yet it is well to recognize that the interest in mental
with Penn the Quaker and politician, but Penn the functions and abnormalities is sound and deserves
man"; and such a biography she essays to furnish. cultivation. It is on the whole fortunate that one
But it is only a few years ago that Mr. Sydney G. who writes for the people on "The Riddle of Per-
Fisher gave us his excellent work on “The True sonality" should present so valid a perspective of
William Penn,” a more detailed and intimate pic- what is going on as does Mr. H. Addington Bruce
ture than Mrs. Grant has succeeded in producing, in his book with this title (Moffat, Yard & Co.). It
and one that bears evidence of greater study and is true that material of the most various purport is
care in its preparation. As an indication of Mrs. confusingly set side by side, and that the reader is
Grant's too little effort to exclude from her book all likely to carry away a wholly misleading notion of
that is insufficiently authentic, we quote from her what psychologists are really interested in. The
preface : “My thanks are due ... to Dugald Stuart, emphasis on the “riddle" of things is wholly out of
Esq., for allowing me to reproduce his interesting proportion to the accounts of what we know of per-
original portrait of William Penn as if this sonality and its vicissitudes. The man of science
were a hitherto unpublished and an undoubtedly profoundly regrets that the public asks and absorbs
authentic likeness of the man. On the contrary, this kind of a book, instead of a popularization of
prints of this idealized picture of young Penn in what psychologists are really studying ; but such
shining armor and with flowing locks — painted no being the case, he takes what comfort he can in
one knows when or by whom
the fact that the presentation is temperate and not
enough, taken both from the Stuart original and extravagant, and he finds further comfort in the
from the copy of the latter in the possession of the guidance offered by the author to prospective
Pennsylvania Historical Society. Moreover, its students, who, if they follow it, may find the path
striking unlikeness to other portraits of Penn, and toward an understanding of personality, not as a
especially to the Bevan carving in ivory which, by mystery but as a profound natural development.
good contemporary testimony, is a lifelike repre-
sentation of the man, makes it the least suitable
Professor Max Lenz's brief biog-
A German
figure to place as a frontispiece to a volume pur-
interpretation raphy of Napoleon (Putnam) is a
of Napoleon.
porting to give the real William Penn and no other.
translation of the monograph pub-
Mrs. Grant tells her story pleasantly, and throws
lished two years ago in Velhagen and of Klasing's
about the events of her great ancestor's life a good richly illustrated Monographien zur Weltgeschichte.
deal of the historic framework that such a narrative Although it is not free from errors that one does
requires; but apart from the use she has made of a
not look for in the writings of a distinguished Berlin
few hitherto unpublished letters, she cannot be said professor, it delights the reader from time to time by
to have produced an original work or one that fills its felicitous summaries of complex situations. The
any aching void in literature. Her literary style
attitude of sympathetic observer, which Dr. Lenz
would be improved by more careful attention to
assumes, often results also in well-balanced interpre-
punctuation : she overworks the comma, inserting
tations of Napoleon's motives and plans, impossible
it between two complete sentences where a full stop
to those who are always hunting for evidences of
is called for, and even using it between the subject by the spectacle of brutal exercise of power (and
and the predicate of a very short and simple sen-
tence. The genealogical tables are useful, and the
no Bismarckian can well be), he is not indifferent
large clear print of the book is beyond praise.
to British aggressiveness. He appears to accept the
Napoleonic explanation as to why the approach of
Personality, and
The popular interest in affairs of peace generally was found to be a mirage. It was
other mysteries the mind is still strongly tinged with not merely the outbreak of war in 1803 that England
of psychology. the flavor of expectant mystery. In was responsible for, but the seizure of Spain was
some measure, this wondering anticipation is sug- rendered inevitable by the turn of British policy
gestive, and possibly is a survival, of the attitude indicated in King George's speech from the throne
toward the mediæval wielder of the black art. in January, 1808. The best part of Dr. Lenz’s
To those thus disposed, science is a fairy who biography is the chapter on Corsica, which delineates
bestows marvellous gifts — electric lights and wire the growth of Napoleon's character up to the siege
less telegraphy, anti-toxins and seedless oranges, to of Toulon. From the evident attempt to penetrate
say nothing of automobiles and air-ships. Mental the secret of his development, one expects that this
science is to bring like marvels and yet more won dominant thought will be kept in the foreground
derful results, such as telepathic communications, during the treatment of the later career also ; but
thought-waves, the reading of the future, the unseen here we find events, rather than the hero's moral
moving of tables, and trance states overflowing with or mental attitude, of chief interest to the author.


280
[May 1,
THE DIAL
Dr. Lenz carefully analyzes the remains of Napo the vein of humorous character-study which she has
leon's early literary efforts, especially the essay for
made almost her own. We are particularly taken with
the prize offered by the Lyons Academy, in which the group of three heroines — Ade, Shaw, and Ibsen
he discovers a theory of the state that is already
who come at the end of the volume. They are trifles,
“ essentially that of the ruler.” Napoleon was then
but amazingly clever, although perhaps no more so than
many of the other studies. The Dramatic Publishing
a young man of ideals intensely cherished. The
Co., Chicago, sends us this book.
danger, writes Dr. Lenz, was that his ideal world
Professor Clarence S. Hamilton's “ Outlines of Musi-
should reveal itself as a world of illusion, and that cal History,” published by the Oliver Ditson Co., is a
“his thinly disguised melancholy, grown intensified, concise treatise for both the student and the general
should lead him to despise his ideals.” This danger, reader. It has many illustrations in musical notation,
the author intimates, had become a reality, partly as besides portraits and other illustrative material. It is
a result of the factional struggles in Corsica, before an excellent little book, fully abreast of modern musical
the period of his astonishing success began.
scholarship
M. Richard Waddington's “ La Guerre de Sept Ans:
In memory
Scholarship is the chief pride of a Histoire Diplomatique et Militaire" has reached its
of President scholar; his fittest memorial is a fourth volume, now published by MM. Firmin-Didot &
Harper.
piece of scholarly work. President
Cie. This volume covers the events of 1760-61, – the
Harper of the University of Chicago was a scholar
period of the death-agony of the French in Canada and
in the field of Semitic studies. His colleagues and
the fruitless efforts of Choiseul to bring about an early
confrères in this large expanse have prepared and
peace. Several important maps are included in this
section of the work.
published, under the editorial supervision of Profes-
A new edition of Dr. E. W. Scripture's “ Thinking,
sors Robert Francis Harper of Chicago, George F.
Feeling, and Doing" (Putnam) has recently appeared.
Moore of Harvard, and Francis Brown of Union
This popularization of some of the data of modern
Theological Seminary, two sumptuous volumes of psychology appeals to a legitimate clientele; but it
learned essays. Twenty-six of the leading Semitic would make its appeal as effectively and more legiti-
scholars in the United States have each contributed mately were it divested of its more sensational and
a scientific treatise on some theme in which he is a
tactless illustrations, both pictorial and linguistic. The
specialist. These discussions cover a wide
occasion of a new edition might well have effected this
of
range
improvement.
topics. Several of them are careful textual studies
of some of the books of the Old Testament, and
The “ Cambridge Poets" now number an even score
of volumes, having been brought to that number by the
present the criticus apparaticus for a detailed
“Spenser" which Professor R. E. Neil Dodge has edited
exegesis of those books.
Some of the papers are for Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The editor has
translations of early Sumerian inscriptions belong worked long and arduously in the preparation of his
ing to long ages before the Christian era, and reveal text, which is the result (except for a few poems) of a
to us the fact that scholars are to-day masters of double collation of the standard (mostly first) edi-
a language which a few years ago was practically tions. It is not easy to get the whole of Spenser within
inscrutable. There is no field of scholastic investi the limits of a single volume, and it takes nearly eight
gation in which greater strides have been made in
hundred of the two-columned “Cambridge” pages to
the last quarter-century than in that represented graphical, which fit this series so admirably for the use
do it. All the special features, both editorial and typo-
by these researches. They touch all the South-
of readers and students alike are once more exemplified
western Asiatic continent, from the most ancient
in this noble tome.
known dates, approximately 5000 B.C., down to the
“Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum, I.” this is the im-
present day. The Assyrian and Arabic empires, posing title of a heavy quarto of more than seven
with all that they meant for those times, are the hundred pages. Both volume and title become even
objects of our investigators. No more fitting and more imposing when we learn that the complete
enduring monument could be erected to the late · Corpus ” will fill no less than seventeen such tomes.
President of the University of Chicago than these
The origin of the work is the Schwenckfelder Church
two noble volumes of scholarly treatises.
of Norristown, Pennsylvania, but it comes to us by way
of Leipzig, bearing the imprint of Messrs. Breitkopf
und Härtel. The editing of the work, on the other
hand, hails from the Hartford Theological Seminary,
being in the hands of Messrs. Chester David Hartranft,
BRIEFER MENTION.
Otto Bernhard Schlutter, and Elmer Ellsworth Schultz
Johnson. We are informed that upwards of forty
The University of California inaugurates its economics thousand dollars have been expended in collecting the
series of publications with a huge work, by Mr. Wesley | material for this colossal publication; how much more
C. Mitchell, on “Gold, Prices, and Wages under the will be expended upon its manufacture we do not ven-
Greenback Standard.” It makes a volume of over six ture to estimate. The volume now in print is devoted
hundred pages, crammed with statistical tables and
to “A Study of the Earliest Letters of Caspar Schwenck-
charts. Such a pace as is here set for the academic feld von Ossig” -- for such was the full name of the
monograph will be hard to follow.
founder of the communion which remains as the real
In preparing her volume of “ More Modern Mono monument of his life and work. As a contribution to
logues,” Miss Marjorie Benton Cooke has worked, if the religious history of the Reformation period this
possible, more successfully than in her earlier collection, publication must prove a work of great importance.
the


1908.]
281
THE DIAL
Ben Jonson's “ The New Inn," edited by Dr. George
NOTES.
Bremner Tennant, is a doctoral thesis now published by
Professor Arthur Schultze is the author of an ele-
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. for Yale University. This is
mentary treatise on “Graphic Algebra,” now published
the seventh of Jonson's plays to be thus exhaustively
by the Macmillan Co.
edited by members of the English Department at Yale.
A second edition of the Rev. W. Tuckwell's interest-
Dr. James H. Hyslop is desirous of securing material
ing and quaintly-illustrated “ Reminiscences of Oxford
for an account of the life of Dr. Richard Hodgson and
is now published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
his work in Psychical Research. The loan of personal
« Erasmus the Scholar," by Professor John Alfred
correspondence or other available matter will be grate-
Faulkner, is a new volume in the “ Men of the Kingdom
fully appreciated. Dr. Hyslop may be addressed at
519 West 149th St., New York.
series, published by Messrs. Jennings & Graham.
From the Oliver Ditson Company we have a vol-
Messrs. Charles H. Kerr & Co. publish “The Amer-
ican Esperanto Book," compiled and edited by Mr.
ume of “ Thirty Preludes for the Organ,” edited by
Arthur Baker, who also edits an Esperantist paper in
Mr. H. Clough-Leighter. One finds among the com-
Chicago.
posers represented such men as Chopin, Gounod, and
Wagner, although most of the names are of writers
The American Book Co. publish a “Spanish Prose
chiefly associated with the organ.
Composition,” by Professor G. W. Umphrey, and a
With a view to the completion of the Memoirs of
“ Plane and Solid Geometry,” by Mr. Edward Rutledge
Robbins.
the late Carl Schurz, all persons having unpublished
letters written by him are respectfully requested to send
Charles Reade's “Love Me Little, Love Me Long”
them to his daughter, Miss Agathe Schurz, No. 24
is the latest addition to the “ Large Print Library'
E. 91st St., New York City. Copies will be made and
of Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co., and an excellent
the originals will be returned to the owners.
selection it is.
Ostrovsky's “The Storm" and Strindberg's “The
“The Taming of the Shrew,” edited, with the old
Father,” respectively translated by Miss Constance
spelling of the text, by Mr. W. G. Boswell-Stone, is a
Garnett and Miss Nellie Erichsen, are now published
new volume in the “Shakespeare Library” of Messrs.
in new editions by Messrs. John W. Luce & Co., who
Duffield & Co.
seem to have taken over the series of “Modern Plays”
Browning's “Strafford,” in a text edited, but not formerly published by Mr. Charles H. Sergel.
over-edited, for classroom study by Mr. Hereford B.
Herr Björnson's great pedagogical novel, " Det Flager
George, is a recent publication of Mr. Henry Frowde
i Byen og paa Havnen," is now added to the uniform
at the Oxford Clarendon Press.
edition of the author's fiction published by the Macmillan
Messrs. Charles H. Kerr & Co. publish the “Manifesto Co. Mr. Cecil Fairfax is the translator, and the un-
of the Communist Party,” by Karl Marx and Frederick translatable title becomes “The Heritage of the Kurts.”
Engels, in English and Esperanto, the two versions fac Like “In God's Way,” this work fills two volumes.
ing each other on opposite pages.
Two volumes not heretofore announced, to be issued
“ Simplicité: A Reader of French Pronunciation,” by shortly by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., are “ Canadian
Mr. Julius Tuckerman, and an Elementary Algebra," Types of the Old Regime,” by Professor Charles W.
by Mr. Frederick H. Somerville, are recent school pub- Colby of McGill University;and a collection of addresses
lications of the American Book Co.
and editorials by Professor Fabian Franklin, late of Johns
An “Old English Grammar,” by Professor Joseph Hopkins University and sometime editor of the Balti-
Wright and Mrs. Elizabeth Mary Wright, is published more “ News.”
by Mr. Henry Frowde in “The Students' Series of
Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick, who will be pleasantly remem-
Historical and Comparative Grammars.”
bered for her two novels, « The Beryl Stone" and " The
Volume III. of the “Practical Physics" of Messrs. Kinsman,” has turned to a very different field in her
Franklin, Crawford, and Macnutt is published by the latest book, " Home Life in Germany,” which is to be
Macmillan Co. The topics included are “ Photometry” published this Spring. Although of English birth, Mrs.
and “ Experiments in Light and Sound."
Sidgwick's parents were German, and she knows both
“ Some Recent Phases of German Theology” is a countries equally well.
volume containing the substance of three lectures given After a year of secrecy regarding the authorship of
last summer at Lakeside, Ohio, by Dr. John L. Nuelsen. “ As the Hague Ordains: Journal of a Russian Prisoner's
The volume is published by Messrs. Jennings & Graham. Wife in Japan,” the publishers (Holt) now state that
Mr. Gaillard Hunt, favorably known through his Miss Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore, a resident of Washing-
edition of James Madison's writings and other historical ton, a prominent member of the National Geographic
works, has written a biography of John C. Calhoun, Society, and author of a number of books of travel, is
which Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co. will publish this responsible for the volume.
month.
J. B. Lippincott Company have postponed until early
Two books of unusual interest are announced for Fall the publication of “Richard the Third," edited by
Spring publication by Mr. B. W. Huebsch of New York. Mr. Horace Howard Furness, Jr., in the New Variorum
These are: Things Worth While," by Mr. Thomas Edition of Shakespeare. Although Mr. Furness made
W. Higginson, and - The Religion of a Democrat,” by the revisions in the second edition of his father's
Professor Charles Zueblin.
Macbeth,” this is the first volume entirely his own,
The “ Poems of Samuel Taylor Coleridge” and and its completion is awaited with interest.
Carlyle's Life of Sterling are two new volumes in the The economic series of the “ Bulletin of the University
“World's Classics ” published by Mr. Henry Frowde. of Wisconsin ” has just been extended by three impor-
The former volume is introduced by Mr. Quiller-Couch, tant monographs: “ The Labor Contract from Individ-
the latter by Mr. W. Hale White.
ual to Collective Bargaining,” by Miss Margaret Anna
66
66


282
[May 1,
THE DIAL
Schaffner; “ The Labor History of the Cripple Creek
District," by Mr. Benjamin McKie Rastall; and “The
Financial History of Wisconsin," by Dr. Raymond
Vincent Phelan. To the philological series has been
added a work on “German Literature in American Mag-
azines prior to 1846,” by Dr. Scott Holland Goodnight.
Early this month Messrs. L. C. Page & Co. will pub-
lish a book entitled “In the Woods and on the Shore,”
by Richard D. Ware, a young attorney of Boston, with
illustrations by Charles Livingston Bull. Mr. Ware's
book contains a record of several seasons of hunting and
fishing in Newfoundland and New Brunswick, along the
shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the eastern
coast of Massachusetts.
In response to many requests from writers for an
extension of time in their prize novel competition, the
Outing Publishing Company has decided to postpone
the closing of the competition until August 1, 1908. It
will be recalled that the prize consists of $1000, to be
awarded for the best MS. of a story by a new writer,
sent in by the time indicated. The final selection of
the winning story will be made by competent readers
not connected with the Outing Company.
“ The Passing of Morocco," by Mr. Frederick Moore,
author of “ The Balkan Trail,” is announced for publi-
cation this month by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Mr. Moore served as correspondent of the London
“ Times” during the recent outbreak in the Balkan
peninsula, and last August went to Morocco as special
correspondent of the London “ Westminster Gazette."
His new book will be illustrated from photographs, and
will be issued simultaneously in England and America.
A new book by Mr. Frederic Harrison, entitled “My
Alpine Jubilee,” is announced by Messrs. E. P. Dutton
& Co. Mr. Harrison was the guest of the Alpine Club
at their recent Jubilee, and at their suggestion he con-
sented to collect some pieces that he had written on
mountaineering from his own experience, which long
preceded the origin of the club. These are embodied
in the present volume, and Mr. Harrison has prefixed
to them some letters which he wrote to his wife and
daughter during a visit to Switzerland last year.
The next meeting of the recently-organized Missis-
sippi Valley Historical Association will be held at Lake
Minnetonka, Minn., in June. The object of this Asso-
ciation, as set forth in its Constitution, is “ to promote
historical study and research and to secure coöperation
between the historical societies and the departments of
history of the Mississipi Valley.” It is to be hoped
that the organization will have the coöperation of every
historical student in the Middle West and South. There
is no admission fee, and the annual dues are but $1.
Mr. Clarence S. Paine, of Lincoln, Neb., is Secretary
and Treasurer of the Association.
Mr. Frederic G. Mather, author of several Revolu-
tionary monographs, has collected all the original docu-
ments pertaining to the band of refugees who, after the
battle of Long Island had been won by the British, on
August 27, 1776, fled from the island to Connecticut.
These documents are soon to be reprinted, together with a
brief historical sketch detailing the circumstances of the
flight. Mr. Mather wishes to determine, as far as
possible, the final place of residence of each settler, and
the names and residences of his living descendants, if he
Persons having information on these points
will do Mr. Mather a favor by communicating with him
at 164 Fairfield Avenue, Stamford, Conn.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
May, 1908.
Abbey, Edwin A. Homer Saint-Gaudens. World's Work.
Abstainer, Total, Why I am a. A. Alison. Cosmopolitan.
Advertising, Art in. Ernest Elmo Calkins. Studio.
Advertising, Magazine. J. Walter Thompson. Appleton.
Aeronautic Forecasts. E. C. Stedman. Century.
Aeronautics, Mr. Stedman on. Alexander G. Bell. Century.
Alcohol, Fighting. Arthur Brisbane. Cosmopolitan.
Alexander, John W., Recent Work of. A. Hoeber. Studio.
American Army, Crisis in History of. L. L. Seaman. No. Amer.
American Art, National Note in. Bayard Boyesen. Putnam.
Americanisms, Unamerican. George E. Wade. Appleton.
Anarchists and Immigrants. E. Tobenkin, World Today.
Arms and Armor, Modern. G. Gregory. Metropolitan.
Arts and Crafts in America. E. Knaufit. Review of Reviews.
Athletic League, N. Y. Public Schools. G. W. Wingate. Outing.
Automobile of To-morrow, The. H. L. Towle. Scribner.
Automobiling Abroad. Frank Presbrey. Outing.
Aldrich, T. B., in New York. Ferris Greenslet. Scribner.
Baseball. John T. McCutcheon. Appleton.
Books Worth While-X., Anna Karenina. H. T. Peck. Munsey.
Bourbons, The End of the. Basil King. Harper.
Bourse Law, The German. G. Plochmann. North American.
Boys, Educating Our- III. Joseph M. Rogers. Lippincott.
British Peers Unmarried. F. Cunliffe-Owen. Munsey.
Bryan, Mr., An Explanation of. Henry J. Ford. World's Work.
Buenos Aires, Impressions of. Arthur Ruhl. Scribner,
Caucasus, The Burden of the. H. W. Nevinson. Harper.
Centenaries to be Celebrated Next Year. L. Orr. Munsey.
Chafing-dish Era, The Christine T. Herrick. Munsey.
Charpentier, Gustave. Alyan F. Sanborn. Munsey.
Churchill, Lady Randolph, Reminiscences of - VI. Century.
Cities, Menace of Crowded. C. H. Miller. World's Work.
Clothes, The Tyranny of. Alan Dale. Cosmopolitan.
Commercial Museum, Philadelphia's. World Today.
Coöperation. Ellis 0. Jones. Lippincott.
Crane, Winthrop Murray. George R. Brown. World Today.
De Maupassant, Guy, Death of. A Sching. Lippincott.
Democratic Party's Future. Thomas M. Osborne. Atlantic.
Design, Lessons in - VIII. E. A. Batchelder. Craftsman.
Drama and Dramatist. Sidney R. Cook, Putnam,
Drugs and the Real Self. W. H. Thomson. Everybody's.
Eating like the Dog. Clifford Howard. Lippincott.
Eddy, Mary Baker G. - XIII. Georgine Milmine. McClure.
Education in South America. W. R. Shepherd. Rev. of Revs.
Essays, Recent Books of. Florence Converse. Atlantic.
Ether of Space, The. Oliver Lodge. North American.
European Post-offices. A. Emil Davies. World's Work.
Exercise, Commonsense in. C. H. Cochrane. Metropolitan.
Farmer, The New American. H. N. Casson. Rev. of Revs.
Farm Spirit, The New - II., Planting. Agnes C. Laut. Outing.
Farrar, Geraldine, Early Days of. Emily Burbank. Putnam.
Federal Government and the States. W. Wilson. No. Amer.
Feminization in School and Home. G. 8. Hall. World's Work.
Finery, The Decay of. Lucy M. Donnelly. Atlantic.
Florentine Roof Garden, A. Helen Zimmern. Century.
Foreign Tour at Home, A-III. Henry Holt. Putnam.
Franco-British Exhibition and Fourth International Olympiad.
Louis G. Northland. World Today.
Funerals, Mr. Dooley on. F. P. Dunne. American.
Garden, Mary. Henry T. Finck. Century.
Government and the People. Alice Dinsmoor. Craftsman.
Grant, General, Last Days of. George F. Shrady. Century.
Guanajuato. Mrs. Peter M. Myers. World Today.
Hawaii, Key to the Pacific. Willard French. World Today.
Healing, The New Art of. Max Eastman. Atlantic.
Hearst: A Political Problem. Review of Reviews.
Hens, City of a Million. W.S. Harwood. World's Work.
Hispanic Society's New Museum. C. Lewis Hind. Studio.
"Home," Passing of the. Minna T. Antrim. Lippincott.
Homes, Designing of. Frank C. Brown. Craftsman.
Horse vs. Health, The. Harold Bolce. Appleton.
House Dignified. The VIII. Lillie H. French. Putnam.
Hummel, Abe, The Fall of. Arthur Train. Cosmopolitan.
Indian as a Laborer, The. C. H. Forbes-Lindsay. Craftsman.
Indian Moccasins, Language of. Emerson Hough. Outing.
Insurance, Desirable. World's Work.
Ireland, The New - III. Sidney Brooks. North American.
Italy in New York. Craftsman.
Johnson, Gov. John A. Joseph Gilpin Pyle. Putnam.
Koch, Robert, Debt of Medicine to. Review of Reviews.
Laszlo and His Portrait of Roosevelt. Review of Reviews.
Lexington, Virginia. Littell McClung. Munsey.
Lie, Must Children? G. Stanley Hall. Appleton.
has any:


1908.]
283
THE DIAL
Thomas Chatterton the Marvellous Boy: The Story of a
Strange Life. By Charles Edward Russell. Illus. in photo-
gravure, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 289. Moffat, Yard & Co.
$2.50 net.
The Life of Goethe. By Albert Bielschowsky; trans. by
William A. Cooper. In 3 vols. Vol. III., 1815-1832. Illus, in
photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 428. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
A Star of the Salons : Julie de Lespinasse. By Camilla Jebb.
Mus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 343. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$3.50 net.
Mozart: The Story of His Life as Man and Artist According
to Authentic Documents and Other Sources. By Victor
Wilder. In 2 vols., illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 464. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $3.50 net.
The King's General in the West: The Life of Sir Richard
Granville, Bart., 1600-1659. By Roger Granville. Illus., 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 217. John Lane Co. $. net.
Walt Whitman. By Bliss Perry. Revised edition; illus. in
photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 334. Houghton,
Miffin & Co. $1.50 net.
Wycliffe and the Lollards. By J. C. Carrick. 12mo, pp. 329.
“The World's Epoch-Makers." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
Reminiscences of Oxford. By W. Tuckwell. Second edition;
illus., 12mo, pp. 348. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
The Career of a Journalist. By William Salisbury. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 529. New York: B. W. Dodge & Co.
Literary Rolls of Honor in France. Th. Bentzon. Century.
Literature, Joyless. Francis' L. Pierce. World Today.
London, Through, by Canal. Sydney Brooks. Harper.
Longman, Evelyn B. James S. Dickerson. World Today.
Man of the Mountain, My Old. Jacob Riis. World's Work.
Mars, Canals and Oases of. Percival Lowell. Century.
Matter, The Whitherward of. Robert K. Duncan. Harper.
Mexican Churches, Some. Lockwood de Forest. Century.
Money for the World's Work. F. A. Munsey. Munsey.
Mormon Women. Madeleine Zabriskie Doty. American.
Motor-boat, Across Europe by. H. C. Rowland. Appleton.
Motor-boats, Advantages of. W. D. Hulbert. Atlantic,
Mountain Climbing: Its Charm. Wm. Williams. Scribner,
National Inventory. A. R. H. Edmonds. Review of Reviews.
National Resources, Conserving. J. L. Mathews. Atlantic.
National Resources, Saving our. G.E. Mitchell. Rev. of Revs.
Nation to the North, A New. Agnes Laut. Rev. of Reviews.
Negro Homes. Booker T. Washington. Century.
Negro Parties in the North. Ray S. Baker. American.
Newstead Abbey. M. Crosby Smith. Munsey.
New York Underground. Edward Wildinan. World To-Day.
Nile, The. Marie Van Vorst. Harper.
Occult Phenomena – II. Hamlin Garland. Everybody's.
"Olivia” and “Faust” at the Lyceum. Ellen Terry. McClure.
Olympus, Mt., First Ascent of. A. Curtis. World's Work.
Osler, Dr., Refuted. W. A. N. Dorland. Century.
Patriotism: A New Kind. Gifford Pinchot. World's Work.
Philippine Forests, Riches of. R. Crandall. World's Work.
Philosopher's Stone, The New. G. P. Serviss. Cosmopolitan.
Photography's Recent Progress. L. A. Lamb. World To-day.
Police Force for New York, The Best. T. A. Bingham. No. Amer.
Pony, The Mountain. Allen True. Outing.
Pragmatism. William Mackintire Salter. Atlantic.
Prohibition in the South. Frank Foxcroft. Atlantic.
Races, The Strength of. C. Woods Hutchinson. World's Work.
Railroad into the Lybian Desert, A. 0. C. Adams. Outing.
Railroad Signalman's Confession, A-IV. J.O. Fagan. Atlantic.
Receiver, In the Hands of a. World's Work.
Room Arrangement. Mary L. Bookwalter. Craftsman.
Russia, Discontent in. George Kennan. McClure.
Reconstruction, First Days of. Carl Schurz. McClure.
Salem Ships and Sailors, Old - V. Ralph D. Paine. Outing.
Shyness. Arthur C. Benson. Putnam.
Socialism, International. G. A. England. Review of Reviews.
Sportsmanship: Two Views. Atlantic.
Spring, The Summons of. Edwin L. Sabin. Lippincott.
Stein, Statesmanship of - I. Andrew D. White. Atlantic.
Taft for President. Frank H. Hitchcock. Metropolitan.
Taft, Hewer of Wood. William Allen White. American.
Tarpon-fishing. Louis Rhead. Metropolitan.
Temperance or Prohibition. Gustave Pabst. Cosmopolitan.
Theatre, Trouble with the. J. Metcalfe. World's Work.
"Timon of Athens." William Sharp. Harper.
Tramps, A Clearing-house for. Ernest Poole. Everybody's.
Trees, Slaughter of the. Emerson Hough. Everybody's.
Trout-Stream, A Vermont. A. E. Marr. Outing.
Trout, Where and How to Catch. Louis Rhead. Outing.
Tuberculosis, Benefaction of. John Stone. Lippincott.
University Journal, The. Y. 8. Auerbach. North American.
Van Eeden, Frederik. M. Irwin MacDonald. Craftsman.
Volcanoes, On the Chase for -IV. Robert Dunn. Outing.
Walker, Horatio, The Art of. Marion Winthrop. Craftsman.
Wall Street in Colonial Times. F. T. Hill, Harper.
War, After the, in Georgia. Eliza F. Andrews. Appleton.
War, Our Readiness for. R. P. Hobson. Cosmopolitan.
Waterways, Inland - V. Herbert Quick. Putnam.
Waterway, Revival of the. C.H.Forbes-Lindsay. World Today.
Wheat Crop of Western Canada. H. Vanderhoof. Metropolitan.
Wiley, Dr. Snell Smith. Review of Reviews.
William, Kaiser, and His Horses. Annie Topham. Munsey.
Wives, American. Amy F. Corbin and L. B. Stowe. Appleton.
Working Girl's Outlook. E. H. Westwood. Craftsman.
HISTORY.
The Mother of California : An Historical Sketch. By Arthur
Walbridge North, with Introduction by Cyrus C. Adams.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 169. Paul Elder & Co. $2. net.
Motley's Dutch Nation : Being the Rise of the Dutch Re-
public (1555-1584). By John Lothrop Motley; condensed,
with Introduction, notes, and a brief history of the Dutch
People to 1908, by William Elliot Griffis. New edition; with
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 960. Harper & Brothers. $1.75.
La Guerre de Sept Ans : Histoire Diplomatique et Militaire.
Par Richard Waddington. Tome IV., Torgau - Pacte de
Famille. With maps, 8vo, uncut, pp. 632. Paris: Firmin-
Didot et Cie.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Standard of Usage in English. By Thomas R. Loung-
bury. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 310. Harper & Brothers.
$1.50 net.
The Letters of Martin Luther. Selected and translated by
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Limbo and Other Essays. By Vernon Lee. New edition ;
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A Teacher of Dante, and other Studies in Italian Literature.
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The Comments of Bagshot. By J. A. Spender. 12mo, gilt
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Studies in Victor Hugo's Dramatic Characters. By James
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The New Plato; or, Socrates Redivivus. By Thomas L.
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On Self-Culture. By John Stuart Blackie, 12mo, gilt top,
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LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
VERSE AND DRAMA.
The Duke of Gandia. By Algernon Charles Swinburne. 12mo,
gilt top. pp. 58. Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
The Servant in the House. By Charles Rann Kennedy,
12mo, uncut, pp. 124. Harper & Brothers. $1.25 net.
Yolanda of Cypress. By Cale Young Rice. Revised edition,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 134. McClure Co. $1.25 net.
Narcissus, and Other Poems. By Grace Denio Litchfield.
16mo, gilt top, pp. 60. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Lyrics and Landscapes. By Harrison S. Morris. 16mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 130. Century Co. $1. net.
More Modern Monologues. By Marjorie Benton Cooke.
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 144. Chicago: Dramatic Publish-
ing Co. $1.25 net.
Susanna: A Drama in Five Acts. By Walter Jasper. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 100. Boston: Mayhew Publishing Co.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life and Letters of George Bancroft. By M. A.
De Wolfe Howe. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc.,
12mo, pp. 659. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4. net.
Stephen A. Douglas : A Study in American Politics. By
Allen Johnson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 503. Macmillan
Co. $2.50 net.
.


284
[May 1,
THE DIAL
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Heritage of the Kurts. By Björnstjerne Bjornson;
trans. by Cecil Fairfax and edited by Edmund Gosse. In 2
vols., 16mo, gilt tops, uncut, pp. 458. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
Browning's Strafford. Edited by Hereford B. George. 12mo,
pp. 90. Oxford University Press.
FICTION
Santa Lucia: A Common Story. By Mary Austin. 12mo, pp. 346.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
My Lost Duchess. By Jesse Lynch Williams. Illus. in tint,
12mo, pp. 311. Century Co. $1.50.
The Under Groove. By Arthur Stringer. Illus., 12mo, pp. 335.
McClure Co. $1.50.
Some Ladies in Haste. By Robert W. Chambers. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 242. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Golden Ladder. By Margaret Potter. 12mo, pp. 444.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Daughter: A Love Story. By Constance Smedley. 12mo,
pp. 387. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.50.
The Sword Decides. By Marjorie Bowen. 12mo, pp. 386.
McClure Co. $1.50.
King Spruce. By Holman Day. Illus. in color, 12mo, pp. 372.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Ways of Rebellion. By Reginald Farrer. 12mo, pp. 319.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
Bertrand of Brittany. By Warwick Deeping. 12mo, pp. 370.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Bishop's Scapegoat. By Thomas Bailey Clegg. 12mo,
pp. 407. John Lane Co. $1.50.
Purple and Homespun. By Samuel M. Gardenhire. 12mo,
pp. 371. Harper and Brorhers. $1.50.
Ashes: A Sardinian Story. By Grazia Deledda; trans. by
Helen Hester Colvill. 12mo, uncut, pp. 307. John Lane Co.
$1.50.
Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford: A Cheerful Account of the
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George Randolph Chester. Illus., 12mo, pp. 448. Henry
Altemus Co. $1.50.
Side-Stepping with Shorty. By Sewell Ford. Illus., 12mo,
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On a Margin. By Julius Chambers. With frontispiece, 12mo,
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The Simple Case of Susan. By Jacques Futrelle. With
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Co. $1.25.
The Cheerful Smugglers. By Ellis Parker Butler. Illus.,
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Bridget. By Mrs. Herman Bosch. With frontispiece, 12mo,
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The Great Issue; or, The Undertow. By Eugene Walter.
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Twin Starrs. By J. Breckenridge Ellis. With frontispiece,
12mo, pp. 215. Mayhew Publishing Co. $1.50.
Home Memories. By Eli Barber. 12mo, pp. 420. Boston:
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The Novels and Tales of Henry James, “New York
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TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Ice-bound Heights of the Mustagh: An Account of
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Scribner's Sons. $6. net.
In Indian Mexico: A Narrative of Travel and Labor. By
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An American Student in France. By Abbé Felix Klein.
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Three Voyages of a Naturalist: Being an Account of Many
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Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Wanderings in Arabia: An abridgment of “Travels in
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Present-day Japan. By Augusta M. Campbell Davidson.
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Spain and Portugal: A Handbook for Travellers. By Karl
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Three Weeks in Holland and Belgium By John U.
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RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Modernism: A Record and a Review. By A. Leslie Lilley.
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The Programme of Modernism: A Reply to the Encyclical
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The Training of a Priest: An Essay on Clerical Education
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The Christian Faith and the Old Testament. By John M.
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The Church of To-day: A Plea. By Joseph Henry Crooker.
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Studies in Judaism : Second Series. By S. Schechter. 8vo,
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Lilies of Eternal Peace. By Lilian Whiting. 12mo, gilt top,
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How Does the Death of Christ Save UsP By Henry C.
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The Next Step in Evolution : The Present Step. By I. K.
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Amerioan Baptist Year-Book for 1908. Edited by J. G.
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Our Rich Inheritance. By James Freeman Jenness. 16mo,
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The Friends' Hymnal: A Collection of Hymns and Tunes for
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POLITIOS.- ECONOMICS.-SOCIOLOGY.
Socialists at Work. By Robert Hunter. Illus., 12mo, pp. 374.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Young Malefactor: A Study in Juvenile Delinquency.
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$1.50 net.
The Meaning of the Times and Other Speeches, By Albert
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Co. $1.50 net.
Federal Usurpation. By Franklin Pierce. 8vo, pp. 437.
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The Sugar Refining Industry in the United States : Its
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“Publications of the University of Pennsylvania." John C.
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The Physical Basis of Civilization: A Revised Version of
" Psychic and Economic Results of Man's Physical Up
rightness." By T. W. Heineman, 12mo, pp. 241. Chicago:
Forbes & Co. $1.25.
Bulletins of the University of Wisconsin. New vols.: The
Labor History of the Cripple Creek District, by Benjamin
McKie Rastall; The Financial History of Wisconsin, by
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ual to Collective Bargaining, by Margaret Anna Schaffner.
Each 8vo. Madison, Wisconsin. Per vol., paper, 50 cts. net.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.
The Architecture of Greece and Rome: A Sketch of its
Historic Development. By William J. Anderson and R.
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Charles Scribner's Sons. $7.50 net.
Safe Building Construction. By Louis de Coppet Bergh.
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Building a Home: A Book of Fundamental Advice for the
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The Cloerone: An Art Guide to Painting in Italy. By Jacob
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Art in Needlework: A Book about Embroidery. By Lewis
F. Day and Mary Buckle. Revised edition; illus., 12mo,
pp. 267. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.


1908.]
285
THE DIAL
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
Climate Considered Especially in Relation to Man. By Robert
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$2. net.
Astronomy rith the Naked Eye. By Garrett P. Serviss.
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The Way of the Woods : A Manual for Sportsmen in North-
eastern United States and Canada. By Edward Breck.
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Words and Sentences, Including a Review of Grammar. By
Alfred M. Hitchcock. 12mo, pp. 89. Henry Holt & Co.
35 cts. net.
Selooted Poems and songs of Robert Burns. Edited, with
notes and an Introduction, by Philo Melvyn Buck, Jr. 18mo,
Pocket Classics." Macmillan Co. 25 cts. net.
Un Mariage d'Amour. Par Ludovic Halévy; edited, with
vocabulary, by Richmond Lauvin Hawkins. 16mo, pp. 70,
D. C. Heath & Co. 25 cts. net.
PP. 823.
PHILOSOPHY,
Mind in the Making : A Study in Mental Development. By
Edgar James Swift. 12mo, pp. 329. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
The Philosophy of Loyalty. By Josiah Royce. 12mo, pp. 409.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
On the Witness Stand. By Hugo Münsterberg. 12mo, pp. 269.
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The Persistent Problems of Philosophy. By Mary Whiton
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288
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A
NEW mission for the preface of a book bas been discovered
by the brilliant author of "An American Student in France.”
He finds it a convenient repository for a secret; for we all know
tbat no one ever reads a preface! On tbat supposition Abbé Klein ingen-
uously confides to the Preface of his new book bis own secret : that it was
not written by a student of Chicago; that its author is too old to go to
school, -except to teach there; and that the name of the city where be lives
is Paris. Perbaps the reader will not only pardon the disguise so can-
didly admitted, but also envy the fortunate students under such a teacher.
An American Student
in France
(La Découverte du Vieux Monde par un Etudiant de Chicago)
By ABBÉ FÉLIX KLEIN, of the Catholic University of Paris
The author has indeed discovered, or, if not discovered, at least invested
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city to which all good Americans go eventually. His hero is a young
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people with whom he comes into contact show him all the various phases
of Old World life. From Bernard de Pujol, urbane and witty, he learns
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thorough modernity comes somewhat as a surprise to the hero. Yet all
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The scenes which he visits in various parts of France are described with care, and
historic and literary associations are touched upon. The author is well qualified to make
such a book both instructive and entertaining.' Springfield Republican.
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With many illustrations from photographs. $2.50 net,
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290
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THE TAMING OF A SHREW."
TWELFTH NIGHT."
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Important New Macmillan
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Mr. Crewe's Career
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No. 526.
MAY 16, 1908. Vol. XLIV.
management of the ill-starred New Theatre of
the year before bad attempted to do, and failed.
CONTENTS.
The event has justified our prediction, and Mr.
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A DRAMATIC FEAST
293
all concerned may take just pride. His work
THE INTOXICATION OF WORDS. Charles has been by far the most interesting done by
Leonard Moore
205 anybody during the past year in the local the-
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CASUAL COMMENT
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library schools. — Mrs. Humphry Ward at Smith
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examples of the literary drama.
of literary culture.— The removal of the reproach of
This is an expression which we are not afraid
senility. — Sensitiveness about one's name. — The
to use, despite the flippancy of newspaperdom
man behind the manuscript. — The public library
and the scorn of commercialized theatricalism;
book hospital. - A periodical with a creditable
we use it simply as a convenient phrase for
history.
describing all the works in dramatic form which
THE REAL HEARN. Frederick W. Gookin
300 it is possible to fit to stage conditions, and which
are at the same time good literature, worth
THE HOBO IN THEORY AND PRACTICE.
printing in books and reading in the library.
Edward E. Hale, Jr.
301
It is obvious that the phrase includes all of the
FYNES MORYSON: ELIZABETHAN TRAV-
world's dramatic classics and a considerable
ELLER. Charles Harris .
- 303 portion of the contemporary product as well.
If it includes practically none of the pieces which
THE DYNASTS. William Morton Payne
. 307
audiences eagerly flock to our theatres to see, so
THE AMERICAN NATION: 1865–1907. St. George
much the worse for our theatres. That the
L. Sioussat.
phrase is comprehensive enough to include also
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
312
many works written for the reader alone is not
Father Klein among his own people. — Modern
to the point. Again we say, so much the worse
progress of the rural community. — An eloquent
for our theatres, but this time in the sense that
plea for "triunistic" self-culture. - Who Ist's ? their unfriendly attitude toward, plays which
Random reflections of an Irish Canon. — The
are also works of literary art has been the direct
historian of the U. S. Navy. – A re-telling of the
romance of Ponce de Leon. - Napoleon's dream of
cause of the divorce which has long existed be-
an invasion of England.—“The greatest of English
tween literature and the stage. Most English
queeng."
writers of the past fifty years who have cared
to work in the dramatic form have been absolved
NOTES
316
from the technical obligations which that form
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
317 imposes by the knowledge that literary work,
.
.
.


294
[May 16,
THE DIAL
now,
however good it might be as such, was certain most trusted associates. Opposed to these ob-
to find scant favor in the
eyes
of the managerial stacles he has had to offer only his own enthu-
tribe. Why go to the trouble of adapting siasm and tenacity of purpose, his own versatile
scenes and situations to the needs of the spec abilities as an actor together with his power to
tator, when no spectator was likely to be pro train his company to artistic unity of effect,
vided ? The managers, sacrificing everything and his readiness to seize upon every available
else to sensational effect and shallow entertain point of vantage. With anything less than this
ment, have had their logical reward. Rejecting equipment, he would long ago have come to
the drama of ideas and insight and poetical grief.
grief. Having it, he has completed one season
diction, they have fed, and forced the public without material failure and with a highly cred-
to feed also, upon the husks offered them by itable record of artistic success, and with
second-rate playrights. Unwilling to accept brightening prospects, he is planning next
the terms essential to any enduring compact year's work.
year's work. That the sapling which has thus
between the man of letters and the stage, they weathered its first storms may grow into a sturdy
have degraded the theatre from its nobler func tree must be the wish of everyone who has the
tion, and reduced it to show and artifice and real interests of our stage at heart.
superficiality.
During the season of a little more than eight
This exile of literature from the theatre, months, Mr. Robertson's company has given us
where it has a prescriptive if not a divine right seventeen plays, with two or three exceptions
to reign supreme, has long been a crying scandal. works of established character. They have been
Much hard pioneer work must be done before presented in nearly two hundred afternoon and
the exile is ended, and Mr. Robertson, who is evening performances, mostly in Chicago and its
engaged in doing just this kind of work, should suburbs, although about twenty-five of the per-
be made to feel that his labors are appreciated. formances have been given in outlying towns of
What uphill work it has thus far been, he alone Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. The list of
could adequately tell us. The outsider has seen the plays is of great interest. Four of them
some of his difficulties, but not all of them. have been one-act pieces, given either in groups
The meagre support given to his enterprise by or as curtain-raisers. These four are Lamb's
a heedless public has been patent to all obser “ The Intruding Widow,” Browning's “ In a
vation, as bas also been the ignorance and worse Balcony,” M. Maeterlinck's “ L'Intruse," and
which has characterized the accounts of his work Mr. Cale Young Rice's “ A Night in Avignon.”
in the daily press. With one honorable excep The thirteen longer works are the following:
tion, the newspaper writers who are supposed to Molière's “ L'Avare,” M. Pailleron's “ La
keep us informed about what is going on in the Souris ” (“The Triumph of Youth”), Goldoni's
theatrical world, have dealt with this remarkable “Un Curioso Accidente," Giacosa's “Come le
work in a spirit of indifference at the best, and Foglie,” Calderon's “ Nadie Fie Su Secreto”
at the worst of malice mingled with mendacity. (" Keep Your Own Secret,” in FitzGerald's
They even went so far as to say — to take one translation), Señor Echegaray's “O Locura o
glaring example — that a certain play produced Santidad,” Gogol's “Revizor,” Herr Haupt-
by Mr. Robertson one of the noblest of its mann's “ Friedensfest," Ibsen's “ Rosmers-
kind, and one given many times with great suc holm,” Herr Björnson's “ Sigurd Slembe,” Part
cess in the country of its origin — had never II., and “En Hanske” (“A Gauntlet”), Brown-
before been performed, and was never even in- ing's“ A Blot in the 'Scutcheon,"and a new play
tended by its author for stage-production! Upon entitled “ The Law," by Mrs. Solomon Sturges,
this precious premise was based an argument for an American writer.
the impracticality and general futility of the Such a list as this fairly justifies the caption
whole enterprise, and the general ear of the pub- given to the present article. The many thou-
lic was thus grossly abused.
sands of persons who have witnessed these
Mr. Robertson, fortunately, offers a rare com performances have had a unique opportunity
bination of the idealist with the man of practical to become acquainted with such a series of
resourcefulness. It is this union of qualities masterpieces as has never before been brought
which has carried him through his first season to the playgoers' attention, either in England
in the face of the discouragements offered by or America, in any single season under a single
slender support, recreant reviewing, malicious management. Only three of the thirteen plays
misrepresentation, the difficulty of finding suit have ever before, as far as we know, been pro-
able quarters, and the defection of some of his duced anywhere in the English language. And
-


1908.]
295
THE DIAL
the list is admirably representative of the various with which we transact our business they are the
aspects of the modern drama. From such great jewels in which we array ourselves for dignity or
classical writers as Calderon, Molière, and pleasure. Properly used, they have the gleam and
Goldoni, to the men who are the chief sponsors sparkle and color of gems, and they are as inde-
for the modern movement, the gamut has run,
structible.' Genius showers on her kings barbaric
making it possible to view three centuries of the
pearl and gold.
Words are like deep-laden freighters plying
drama in historical perspective. Noteworthy
Noteworthy between the shores of the abstract and the concrete
also is the balanced cosmopolitanism of the list,
worlds. They bring in their holds the spices, the
which includes plays from the six most import- webs of woven air, the fabrics of dream, from the
ant continental literatures of culture, besides one land, and take in return the corn and cattle and
examples of English and American authorship. iron of the other. There are, properly, only two
Those who have been privileged to watch this great systems of philosophy — the system which
experiment at close range have much cause to makes all existence thought, as in Plato's Theory
be grateful to the man whose determined and of Ideas, the Maya or Illusion of the Hindoos, the
practical idealism has borne this fine fruit.
Realism of the Schoolmen; and the system which
It is a satisfaction to be able to state that eco-
finds nothing in nature but matter and the sensa-
tional experience of it. Words are the common
nomical management has made Mr. Robertson's
carriers of both of these conceptions of life, as far,
enterprise self-supporting for the season now
at least, as they are transferred from mind to mind.
ended, and that, with brightening prospects, Whether the Idea and the Thing are one, and if so
his work will be resumed next autumn. It has which it is that is the one, are questions not likely
gained a foothold, and its continuance is prac to be decided. But words are incarnations of the
tically assured. Therein is matter for congrat- thought and symbols of the thing. In the hands of
ulation to all concerned, and it is with unfeigned men entirely great, they are so much alive as to
pleasure that we mingle our own congratulations suggest the idea that the universe itself and all that
with the rest.
is therein may be merely the written language of
the Master Being of all.
It is when words are new to us, when they sound
to our ears like shells reverberant of varied oceans,
THE INTOXICATION OF WORDS.
when they glitter to our eyes with pearly opalescence,
that their power is greatest. They are the spells
Some years ago I was sitting one evening on my which vitalize the magnificent make believe of child-
porch, while a little distance away two colored coal hood. “That is a castle!” the boy cries ; and to
heavers were resting from their labors. They had eyes of himself and his playfellows the old
the power to talk of Heaven and Hell; and one of hair-cloth sofa swells out into barbican and battle-
them discoursed in this wise : “What's a darkeyments and keep. The cupboard is a robber's cave,
want to go to Heaven for? All he have to do there and jackets and pinafores become the panoply of
is sit up in the cold, cold night, enumerating the knights or the garb of pirates. India is in one
stars an' counting the constellations of the Golden corner of the room and Hudson Bay in another.
Host; an' then when the morning breaks he have Prevailing poets, their undoubting minds believe the
to go down to the bottom of the garden an' draw up magic wonders that they speak. The child's mind
millions an' millions of buckets of water for the opens and expands to language more rapidly than
Children of Israel.”
to actual experience. It is, as a rule, dull to natural
I quote this speech because I think it affords a
scenery; it does not readily grasp human character ;
good example of the spell which mere words exercise it disdains the ordinary business of life. But out of
over mankind.
The most ignorant of men feel words it weaves an enchanted world in which it
their power. Anyone who has listened to a darkey moves in absolute disinterestedness. There is no shock
preacher of the old style can recall similar instances of disillusion, because one experience in this world
of unthinkable combinations of language which yet is just as good as another. There is as much excite-
often had a touch of inspiration in them. Dryden ment in losing a golden treasure as in finding it.
confessed that a rhyme often helped him to a line; Being a hunted robber is as good fun as being a
and the negro speakers, laying violent hands upon noble knight. Life is a delightful dream, and words
fine words, sometimes found ideas tumbling in with are the substance out of which its hills and valleys
them. More usually, however, they were like the and palaces and towns and people and pageants are
South Sea Islanders who parted a chest of dress created.
clothes among them, so that one wore a pair of Undoubtedly the artist's mood is the child's mood.
breeches around his neck, another a coat belted Literature deals with much else besides art. It
around him like a skirt, and a third had a high hat moralizes, it teaches, it satirizes, it exhorts. To
perched upon his hairy horns.
the writer whose predominant tendency is for any
Words are not only for use - they are for adorn of these functions, language is mainly a vehicle of
ment. They are not only the counters and coins thought, a medium of communication with mankind.
the


296
[May 16,
THE DIAL
If he has any
It is not necessarily more sensuous or self-existent memorable triumphs. They are really resources of
than mathematical formulæ. But the pure artist verse; for though prose can use some of them, it is
merely dreams and creates; and to him words are seldom bettered by so doing.
the most real of all real things, because he sees his Alliteration is the most common means used to
visions rise out of them into existence, as clouds rise give distinction to moulded words, and its use ranges
out of the sea. Not for him is it to doubt the truth from the popular proverb up to the elaborate schemes
of his word-embodied beings; not for him to make of Milton or Swinburne. It is like the marking
any difference between the children of his brain time, or keeping step, of a group of soldiers, which
to separate them into sheep and goats, to love and differentiates their movement from the vague shuffle
laud his good characters and hate his bad. He of the crowd. It is apt to become an offence when
regards them all alike, so long as they can alike be too much insisted on; and the greatest masters keep
clad in the vivid vesture of words.
it half hidden, like a delicate chain thridding through
preference, it is for his dark or parti-colored projec- and binding together their jeweled words. Milton
tions of sin and passion, because those are capable usually has two or three sets of alliteration going at
of more power and picturesqueness than his virtuous one time. Vowels have their alliteration as well as
flock. On the other hand, the writer who is half consonants, and it is
upon
their reduplication or sharp
artist and half moralist is continually in doubt as to dissonances that much of the music of verse arises.
the reality of his own creations. He is apt to speak Some poets, with all their care, can only bring forth
of them contemptuously as puppets ; he rips his dolls light tinkling melodies ; while with others the vowels
open to show us the sawdust inside. He pursues sound out rich and full like the notes of mighty bells
his evil personages with implacable fury. His or lordly organ-pipes. The principle of repetition
purpose is mainly moral; and as he uses words only of sound comes out most completely in rhyme and
to convey his ideas, so he uses characters only to assonance, where, being undisguised, it is used to
enforce them. All this may amount to very great bind lines together and separate them from the con-
work, but it is something quite different, and usually text. Beyond the couplet and the quatrain, rhyme
is inferior to the real artist's dream-like disinterested weakens sound by diluting it. I think such excess
reproduction of the world as fresh as on creation's of rhyme weakens meaning, too, by a sort of subtle
day.
sympathy; so that the regular sonnet and the Spen-
As words are most potent to children who are serian stanza, while elegant and aërial, are less
just learning them, so they are most pregnant with forcible and objective than simpler forms of verse.
magic in the youth of a race when it is just forming | The principle of repetition is also involved in rhythm
its language. The discovery that things can be and measure, with their fixed use of quantity or
named, that we can pack the riches of the world accent; but here it is the repetition, not of units,
into our minds, that we can in a way overrun and but of groups. A measured motion seems to be at
possess the earth by turning it into sign and sound, the root of all such devices of language, and their
always intoxicates. And in the early stages of a material type is the dance. Still larger repetitions
nation's growth, this discovery is very widely made. of sound, as in the stanzas of a long poem, or the
Then a poet addresses an audience of poets.
Then threefold division of a Pindaric ode three times
brief and pregnant verse is preferred to dull and repeated, may have some sensuous effect on readers
diluted prose. Then the images of life do not have at large ; but their appreciation is mainly for experts.
to be spelled out and explained and illustrated and I believe that, scientifically treated, the vibrations
made visible by material objects, but hints and of sound can be made to transform themselves into
glimpses flash them at once into the minds of auditors color and figure. But there is only a remote possi-
themselves inflamed with creating fury.
bility that words can so affect the nerves of men.
The one sensuous quality which inheres in words is | All coloresque, sculpturesque, or architectural effects
sound. All their other powers to enlighten, to move, produced by language must be the result of the
to intoxicate, depend on their arbitrary meanings, association of ideas. We early learn the meanings
which we have to learn, on the way they are put to of words, and as we go through life each one of them
gether by those who handle them, and on the associa- gathers riches to itself until it draws after it a train-
tions which they acquire. And though there is a large load of pictures and impressions. There is no reason
class of words, in every language, which give an in nature why one word should mean one thing more
echo to the sense, and sound like what they indicate, than another — why the word “splendor,” for ex-
and though there is a still larger number of words ample, should not mean darkness, or vice versa.
of innately noble and mighty sound, yet in the main But once fixed in our minds that splendor means a
the delightfulness of words uttered in conjunction certain quality of light and color, it absorbs into
depends upon the skill of him who uses them. itself all our experiences of magnificent natural or
Alliteration, the repetition or contrast of vowel human glories — sunsets, serried mountain peaks,
sounds, rhyme, assonance, the movement of words glowing autumn woods, great cities, man's strength,
in quantity, accent, rhythm, measure, or the fixed woman's grace, noble actions, and lofty dreams; so
employment of so many syllables or accents in a that when the word is pronounced, all these concepts
these are the sensuous resources of language, are shuttled before our eyes in one composite vision.
to which, in great part, it owes its intoxicating and When, therefore, the orator or poet or prose writer
line,


1908.]
297
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begins his art-work which is to intoxicate or com-
mand us, he has disposed upon his palette thousands
of words which are vivid with our blood, trembling
with our life. Cæsar refuses his revolting legionaries
the title of Milites (soldiers), and calls them Quirites
(citizens), and so quells the mutiny with a word.
The Irish multitude is cold to the idea of the Trinity,
until St. Patrick plucks the familiar shamrock from
the sod and exemplifies the trinal unity.
The wielder of language has not only single
words freighted with associate ideas at his command,
but he has analogies, metaphors, comparisons, sim-
iles, parables, tales, to draw upon. The whole
experience of the race is his — limited only by his
hearer's or reader's intelligence. No other artist
has a twentieth part of the weapons with which he
is armed for the conquest of mankind.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
Entrance Requirements"): “ It is desired that as many
as possible shall come to the school with actual library
experience. Practical work in a good library for a year
or more, in addition to the educational requirements, is
the best preparation for the year's work in the school.
Although desirable, such experience is often impossible,
but accepted candidates who offer no library experience
must spend at least one month in practical work in a
designated library before the school opens in Septem-
ber." And, what is even better, “It is desirable that
every student should be reasonably familiar with the
most notable literature in all of the principal depart-
ments of learning, through actual reading of the books
themselves. But an intimate acquaintance with certain
books is a special entrance requirement. A copy of this
required reading list accompanies the application blank,
and is sent only to those making formal application for
entrance to the school.”
CASUAL COMMENT.
A BRILLIANT POLISH GENIUS has passed prematurely
from earth in the recent death of Stanislas Wyspianski,
who at the age of thirty-eight had distinguished himself
as poet, painter, dramatist, and sculptor. It is said that
at twenty-five he produced a masterpiece with his brush,
another with his pen at twenty-six, and that in his last
decade he gave more literature to the world than his
compatriot Sienckiewicz in a lifetime. The son of a
sculptor, Wyspianski naturally took up the chisel as his
first chosen tool; but, oppressed with the thought of his
country's unhappy fate, he seems to have needed more
than one avenue by which to express himself and to
attain a momentary forgetfulness of his melancholy.
Noteworthy was his joining the movement of Cracow
artists and writers to become the founders of a new
race. Peasant women, healthy, ignorant, and unafflicted
with nerves, were chosen to become the mothers of
sturdy sons who should one day espouse their country's
cause and liberate her from the foreign yoke. The
coarseness and shrewishness of Wyspianski's mate seem
to have grated on his nerves, but after she had borne
him a number of children he married her, all the time
toiling manfully for her and for their young family,
painting wonderful pictures and writing plays innumer-
able. His drama “ The Wedding ” caused him to be
reckoned by his admirers as the greatest writer Poland
had produced in a century. Losing the control of the
fingers of his right hand some months before his death,
he made the doctor bind a pencil to his hand, and so
wrote on (though he could no longer paint) to the end.
A heroic soul, surely, and worthy of the country that
gave him birth.
THE RISING STANDARD OF LIBRARY SCHOOLS is mat-
ter for commendation. More and more is librarianship
becoming recognized as a “learned” profession, and
increasing honor will in future be paid to those who
practise that profession. Entrance requirements and
graduating tests in such library schools as that at
Madison, or the one connected with the University of
Illinois, or the parent school at Albany, and others
besides, are by no means ignobly easy to pass. In
the current catalogue of the Wisconsin Library School
we read with satisfaction (under the heading, “ Extra
MRS. HUMPHRY WARD AT SMITH COLLEGE, lec-
turing on “The Peasant in Literature,” made a most
favorable impression on her audience, and probably
suggested to more than one hearer a comparison with
her uncle Matthew, who also lectured there in his
American visit of twenty years ago, more or less. It
was a felicitous reference, on the part of President
Seelye in his introductory address, to the warm feeling
cherished in this country for all members of Thomas
Arnold's family. Mrs. Ward's ease and grace of manner,
and her command of an English not so baffling to
American ears as her famous kinsman's curiously enun-
ciated speech, were a delight and in some degree a
surprise to those who remembered Matthew Amold's
platform appearance. A scholarly study of the humble
countryman in literature, from Virgil's time to Miss
Jane Barlow's, formed the substance of her address.
That Mrs. Ward has herself, in her stories, presented
us with types of English peasantry that deserve to sur-
vive in literature, will have occurred to all who take
pleasure in her Derbyshire rural characters -- especially
in her “ Daffady,” of “ Helbeck of Bannisdale," and
her 'Lias Dawson, as presented in “ David Grieve."
These characters surely prove that Mrs. Ward is not so
far behind George Eliot in a sense of humor as some
have too hastily declared. A noteworthy circumstance
in connection with Mrs. Ward's visit to Massachusetts
is the arrangement she is said to have made with Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. for the issue of a complete and
uniform edition of her works, which will be illustrated,
and will be heralded by a detailed prospectus in due
course of time. This will be the first uniform edition of
her writings.
A PUBLISHER OF THE GOOD OLD SCHOOL has been
taken from us in the death of John Murray Brown,
senior member of the well-known Boston firm of Little,
Brown, & Co. Not only those writers who have had
personal experience of his genial approachableness and
his ready response to all appeals in behalf of good liter-
ature, but also the wider circle of readers and lo rs of
the best in the way of books, will regret his too-early
departure from the scene of his useful labors. Named
after John Murray — the John Murray of sixty years
ago — and inspired with similar ideals, Mr. Brown was,
like Murray, the son of a prominent publisher and the
father of a publisher; in fact, two of his four sons,
Murray and Philip, are associated with the paternal
publishing house and in a position to hand on its tradi-
tions to succeeding Murray Browns. Not only did the


298
[May 16,
THE DIAL
order to hearken the more diligently to the still small
voice in his own breast. There are those who, from com-
pulsion and not from choice, have learned to value the
quiet that comes with the dying away of outward noises,
and to prize the precious time set free for the deeper
things of literature and life when ordinary conversation
has become inaudible to deafened ears.
late Mr. Brown succeed to his father in business, but he
inherited from him the fine estate in Belmont that he
made his home. Interesting himself in the welfare of
his native town, he served for many years on the board
of trustees of the Belmont Public Library, and was be-
loved and esteemed by all with whom this and other
offices and duties brought him in contact. Among his
classmates at Harvard were the late John Fiske and
Jeremiah Curtin. Curtiņ's translations from the Polish,
it will be remembered, and also his original works, were
published by his classmate's house. Like James T.
Fields of an earlier generation, and other famous Boston
publishers, Mr. Brown contributed much toward that
city's prestige in the world of books and of literary
culture.
THE IDEAL AND THE REAL IN LIBRARIANSHIP, as in
every field of high endeavor, are so lamentably (or shall
we say so ludicrously) discrepant that the spectacle of
a graduating library-school class setting forth on its
exalted mission in this world of illiteracy and material-
ism may well move to thoughts that do lie too deep for
tears, and that are therefore forced to avail themselves
of a smile or a jest as the only avenue of outlet. A
recent paragraph of ours (headed “A Library Sign of
the Season”) touching, with an attempt at playful humor,
on this aspect of the young librarian's noble calling, has
given unintended pain to at least one of our readers, who
for some reason regards the paragraph as aimed at the
Library School of the University of Illinois, and takes
occasion, in a friendly way, to deplore the acridity which,
our correspondent thinks, seasons this and other items of
our library comment. Perhaps it may be well to say here
that the passage in question was suggested by a news
item referring to a library school not in Illinois, and that
our comment was of the most general and impersonal
nature, applicable to library schools in the moon - if
there are any there. But attempts at facetiousness are
always perilous, and we are glad to be rebuked, if the
rebuke is deserved. It is at least gratifying to be charged
with acridity rather than with insipidity.
MORE READING AND LESS TALKING might be sug-
gested as a cure for many of the ills to which this
eagerly disputatious twentieth century is heir. The
Rev. B. S. Lombard of London has attracted attention by
declaring that many of the nervous diseases and much of
the insanity that now afflict society are due to excessive
indulgence in conversation. Wonderful, when one seri-
ously considers the matter, is the amount of
energy that
can be dissipated in empty words; and equally surprising
is the gratifying discovery that unineasured volumes of
energy may be stored up by the silent, thoughtful, atten-
tive perusal of a powerful book. He who has not felt
the renewal of force, the restoration of personal effec-
tiveness, that often come with the reading of a play or
only a page of Shakespeare, or a book of Homer, or a
chapter of Scott, has a pleasant sensation and a valuable
experience still in store. To be sure, the spoken word
and living presence of a gifted man or woman may
equally, or in a greater degree, inspire one; but how
few of those with whom we daily consort speak with the
tongues of angels, and how well convinced we are, or
ought to be, that some half-dozen at least of the immor-
tals have it always in their power to kindle us and make
us glow — unless there be something seriously at fault in
ourselves. That ancient philosopher who put out his eyes
in order to concentrate his gaze on the things within,
would in this age have destroyed his hearing also, in
A BEE-HIVE IN A LIBRARY is not an everyday sight,
but this spectacle was seen, during the last Fall and
Winter, in the children's room of the Medford (Mass).
Public Library, whose resourceful librarian, Miss Mary
E. Sargent, firmly believes in showing the child of to-
day, who is to be our citizen or perhaps our ruler of
to-morrow, every possible attention of a helpful and
educative sort. Hence this observation hive of bees,
loaned by a Woburn bee-keeper, and watched by the
little folk of Medford with intelligent interest. Another
novel mark of attention shown to the child, but perhaps
not so keenly appreciated, is the insertion into books
given out from the juvenile department, of slips of paper
bearing the following suggestive lines the idea being
borrowed from Miss Hewins of the Hartford Public
Library:
"THE LIBRARY GOOPS.
("With apologies to Gelett Burgess.)
The goops they wet their fingers
To turn the leaves of books,
And then they crease the corners down
And think that no one looks.
“They print the marks of dirty hands,
Of lollipops and gum,
On picture book and fairy book
As often as they come."
These verses are also conspicuously posted for the ben-
efit of all untidy children - and one may hope to hear
later of good results accruing.
AN UNDESERVED ASPERSION, for which we are glad
to make such amends as may be possible, was our recent
inadvertent characterization of New Orleans as one of
the only two large American cities that have thus far
found life tolerable without a public library." The
following statement, supplied on excellent authority,
indicates a situation quite different: “The Fiske Free
Public Library of New Orleans was founded in 1845;
though supported entirely by endowment, it afforded
free library privileges. Its requirements, by reason of
growth, were not covered by its income, and it was
taken over by the city and additional support given in
1895. The Howard Memorial Library has been a free
reference library for twenty years; it has one of the
best collections in the country, and is especially strong
in American history. New Orleans was the recipient,
in 1903, of a gift of $250,000 from Andrew Carnegie,
for a new central library building with a number of
branches. The new central building is nearing com-
pletion. Two of the branches have already been opened,
and the others are already planned and under way.
Henry M. Gill is librarian of the New Orleans Public
Library. The name of this library was changed at the
time of the Carnegie gift.”
A UTILITARIAN DEFENSE OF LITERARY CULTURE has
been made by an eminent Frenchman of letters, M. Paul
Adam, in a contribution to the Revue Hebdomadaire.
Whereas Sir Alfred Jones has recently declared that if
he wished to spoil a young man for commerce he would
send him to Oxford or Cambridge, M. Adam maintains


1908.]
299
THE DIAL
that it is just because the study of the classics has been day came a letter from him of the cryptic signature
abandoned by business men in France that the French informing the astonished proprietor that all business
are losing ground, relatively to other nations, in the relations between them had reached finality. Explana-
commercial struggle for existence. The mental train tions or apologies, he took pains to specify, would be
ing furnished by a classical education, he believes, is of unavailing; the decree was irrevocable. Sadly the pro-
value in the business world, and can be gained by no prietor perused this amazing letter, then an ironic
other course of study or system of drill. This valiant chuckle escaped him. The first word of the missive
protest will fall on deaf ears, for the most part, but it was his own surname, and it was mis-spelled!
is richly worth while to have made it. There is no
honorable calling for which a good education in the
“humanities" is too good. One can even measure
THE MAN BEHIND THE MANUSCRIPT is entertainingly
calico better and sell it more successfully if, in the
discussed by.“ a publisher's first reader" in the April
pages of great writers, one has caught a glimpse of the
issue of “ The Editor.” The typewriter has done much
eternities and the immensities that no yardstick can
to destroy individuality in authors' manuscripts, but this
begin to measure. To aim at doing well one small
« first reader" has the eye of a detective for those
thing and no more, is to court failure even in that one
minute, inconspicuous marks of personality that still
thing; while to be vastly greater than one's work, and
remain. Among the most curious are those described
to do that work with the left hand, as it were, leaving
in the following extract from this interesting article:
unsuspected reserves of power for the emergencies
“A sad moment comes to the First Reader's heart when
that are sure to arise, is to command success.
This
he chances on the Suspicious Man Behind the Manu-
utilitarian apologia for the higher truths and the deeper
script. As he turns the pages of this Man's story he
realities is hardly needed, but perhaps it is never entirely
comes on tell-tale bits of white paper or even on hairs
superfluous.
placed at certain intervals throughout. This Man has
laid a trap for the publisher. If his manuscript isn't
THE REMOVAL OF THE REPROACH OF SENILITY will be
read all the way through he is going to know it, and
accomplished if Dr. Dorland and Professor Metchnikoff
not only that, he means to know why also. Gently the
have their way. The Philadelphia physician is bringing First Reader, to avoid trouble, shakes out the pages
a powerful array of evidence to bear on the “Century”
until he is fairly sure that all these Sherlock Holmes
readers to convince them of the productivity and effec devices have fallen out; it is an innocent deception,
tiveness of ripe old age, and the French bacteriologist has taken very little time, and may avoid feeling. But
is bending his energies toward the mderstanding and
he sighs at the attitude of mind that demands of
control of the fauna and flora of the intestinal regions and
the cheese-taster that he shall eat the whole cheese in
the prevention of the life-shortening ravages wrought by every instance to determine whether it is fresh or
those microscopic forms of life in the basement sections
rancid."
of our alimentary canal. Let us think for a moment of
the future gain to literature in this possible doubling of
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY BOOK HOSPITAL is an important
human longevity. Though the coming littérateur of one
adjunct of the public library. Book-repairing and book-
hundred and fifty years might not break forth into songs
binding can be profitably done on the premises, especially
of spring and lyrics of love, what a store of observation
if the librarian, or one or two of his assistants, is deft-
and ripened thought he would possess for the writing fingered and possessed of some mechanical ingenuity.
of historical and philosophical works ! Systems of ethics
After an experience of three years in conducting a bind-
and books of counsel to the young and collections of
ery and repair shop in connection with the institution
homilies would fall from his pen as naturally as mellow
under his charge, the librarian of the Easton (Pa.) Public
pears from the tree in September. Senility (or perhaps Library is convinced that it is profitable for even small
we shall prefer the term “senectitude”) will acquire
libraries to do their own rebinding and repairing. He
an unimagined glory, and instead of saying with
believes that the work is well within the capacity of the
Wordsworth that “ to be young was very heaven” we
average library assistant to master in a comparatively
shall feel that to grow old, in health and strength, is
short time, and that his odd moments, if employed in
the crowning satisfaction of life.
this not unpleasant task, will keep the books in present-
able condition. His report of the average cost of this
SENSITIVENESS ABOUT ONE'S NAME, and a rigid in-
rebinding and repairing is an astonishing one. In the
sistence upon the proper observance by others of its
past year 1620 volumes were handled in his book hospital,
established form and orthography, are common and
1068 of them being rebound, and the total expense in-
on the whole creditable human characteristics. Occa-
curred, including cost of materials, was only $60.18. It
sionally, however, these are permitted to assume the
must be a pretty poor book that isn't worth the expendi-
proportions of a mania, not seldom betraying its victim
ture of four cents for a new binding.
into a situation either mirthful or distressing to the
sane looker-on. A case in point, rich in irony, came A PERIODICAL WITH A CREDITABLE HISTORY, the
recently to our notice. Not long ago a certain store familiar old orange-colored magazine known
received a postal card order bearing an unusually “Chambers's Journal,” has celebrated its three-quarter-
illegible signature. After long and prayerful cogitation, centennial. “ Auld Reekie ” has much to be proud of;
one particular guess at the occult scrawl was accepted and among the products of its genius and industry not
as more probably correct than any other of numer the least important are the works of literature and
ous possibilities, and the order was despatched in due learning bearing the Chambers imprint. What a rich
form. That the guess was a fairly good one, later repertory of curious and instructive reading is contained
developments proved, no less than eleven of the thirteen in the faded yellow volumes of “Chambers's Miscellany,"
letters composing the signature being correct. But and even now there are those whose preference in ency-
the true cognomaniac will recognize no degree or ex clopædias is for the old, reliable Chambers. What's in
tenuating circumstances in orthographic crime. Next a name? Much, in one like Chambers.
as


300
[May 16,
THE DIAL
a
The New Books.
though in passing it may be questioned whether
personal greatness is necessarily synonymous
with moral greatness. And has not the attri-
THE REAL HEARN.*
buting of greatness, to which Dr. Gould takes
It is most natural that noble achievement in exception, been made, not to Hearn himself, but
literature should beget interest in the person-
to his writings, - and in particular to his books
ality and life history of the author. The more
about Japan, which Dr. Gould aptly calls “
we know about the man the better shall we
benefaction and a delight to the entire world "?
interpret his utterances, and the more justly
The many admirers of Hearn's books need no
shall we estimate the value of his ideas. And longer rest under any misapprehension as to the
yet is it not possible to know too much? May mental make-up of the author. Of character,
defined as the action or reaction of personality
we not thereby be tempted to look beyond the
words, and fail nevertheless to take note of the against circumstance, not under and dominated
extraordinary contradictions and inconsistencies by circumstance,” we are told that he had none
that enter into the complexity of the human
whatever. This is how Dr. Gould sums up his
characteristics :
mind ? The work, when all is said and done,
is the thing that is most worth dwelling upon.
“ His was the most unresisting, most echolike mind I
have ever known. He was a perfect chameleon; he took
Can it add anything to the pleasure or profit for the time the color of his surroundings. He was
with which we contemplate the lovely flowers of always the mirror of the friend of the instant, or, if no
the lotus to be told that they spring from a bed friend was there, of the dream of that instant. The next
of slime? And when that fact is proclaimed
minute he was another being; acted upon by the new cir-
may we not entertain a much exaggerated notion
cumstance, reflecting the new friend, or redreaming the
old and new-found dream. They who blame him too
of its repulsiveness?
sharply for his disloyalty and ingratitude to old friends
These questions are called forth by the pe do not understand him psychologically. There was
rusal of Dr. George M. Gould's psychological nothing behind the physical and neurologic machine to
study “Concerning Lafcadio Hearn." The
be loyal or disloyal. . . . He had no mind, or character,
book is a portrait rather than a biography: not ask originality or even great consistency of an echo,
to be possessed of loyalty or disloyalty. ... One does
“For those who boasted of being his friends,' and of all men that have ever lived, Hearn, mentally and
Dr. Gould writes, “it seems an astonishing spiritually, was most perfectly an echo. The sole quality,
thing that they should make Hearn portray his
the only originality he brought to the fact, or to the echo,
was color - a peculiar derivation of a maim sense. He
vices, his moral nakedness, so publicly." It
created or invented nothing; his stories were always told
might be supposed that one holding this view
him by others. . . . His merit, almost his sole merit, and
would gloss over these failings. Instead, per his unique skill, lay in the strange faculty of coloring
haps no one else has more sharply delineated the echo. . . . So that, fused as he was with his work,
them. Having been heralded to the world, it
he himself became that impossible thing, a chromatic
voice, a multicolored echo."
is well that they should be shown in their true
light. To correct misconceptions about them
Again and again are these things recurred to
in the course of the book.
and to explain some of the traits that made
Many of them are
Hearn unlike other men are among the purposes the constitution of his mind,
explained by Hearn's defective vision; others by
for which this book is written.
improcreant by
For the best of Hearn's literary work Dr.
inheritance and by education, by necessity and
Gould has high praise. The precious quality by training, by poverty internal and external.”
of his poetic prose meets with enthusiastic com-
And yet, we are told, “two attributes are beyond
mendation. For the man himself he has com-
all analysis":
passionate regard, but sees no reason why illu-
“One was a thing illogical with his character, his
cleaving to an ideal of literary workmanship at the cost
sion as to his "greatness” should be entertained. of selfishness, friendships, and temporary success; and
the other was his marvellous literary and psychologic
“ Deprived by nature, by the necessities of his life, sympathy with whatever mind, people, circumstance,
or by conscious intention, of religion, morality, scholar story, or tradition, accident or choice brought before the
ship, magnanimity, loyalty, character, benevolence, and echoing or mirroring mind."
other constituents of personal greatness, it is more than But do these attributes defy analysis ? Do they
folly to endeavor to place him thus wrongly before the
not negative the assertion that Hearn's mind
world.”
With this conclusion there can be no cavil; desire for it”? It may be rash to differ from
was “ without creative ability, spring, or the
CONCERNING LAFCADIO HEARN. By George M. Gould, M.D.
one who not only knew Hearn intimately, but
With a Bibliography by Laura Stedman. Philadelphia: George
W. Jacobs & Co.
whose opportunities for insight have been excep
He well says:


1908.]
301
THE DIAL
tional. Yet it seems clear enough that with all a scientific monograph ; Mr. Jack London has
his limitations and disabilities Hearn had never personally gone through the experience and pro-
theless within him a compulsion essentially crea vides a romantic reminiscence. We recommend
tive in its nature. The scope and direction of both books to the inquirer.
the creative impulse were determined by his Mr. Kelly gives a study of the subject based
myopia. The only thing possible for him to on the system by which Switzerland has suc-
do was to write ; but writing may be an art, ceeded in putting a practical end to vagrancy,
and whatever Hearn was or was not, there can and offers an adaptation of it to our conditions.
be no doubt that he was an artist. He
may
not He urges the necessity of some plan by means
have originated his stories, but he did create the of which a magistrate — police judge or other-
beautiful vesture of words in which he presented may be able to deal with all homeless men brought
them to the world. The mistake Dr. Gould before him in a manner more just and useful
makes would seem to be the familiar one of than the simple sending everyone who cannot
regarding the content of works of art as insep- pay a fine to the jail or penitentiary. There are
arable from the form, and of failing to perceive all sorts of people who may become vagrants for
that the creative work of the artist may be, and the time being, but especially three kinds. There
indeed most frequently is, wholly spent upon
the are men who can work and wish to work if they
latter.
can find employment, men who cannot or will
On the whole, the picture of Hearn drawn by not do regular work on account of age or other
Dr. Gould does not differ materially from that cause, and men who do not want to work and
to which we were accustomed. It is a little will not if they can help it. The last only are
sharper in outline, a little more explicit in the true wanderers, vagrants, tramps, hoboes.
detail, that is all. Some mistakes have been
Some mistakes have been Of the first class there have been
Of the first class there have been many this past
corrected, and doubt is expressed as to the au winter. Mr. Kelly thinks that the best thing
thenticity of the story of Hearn's early years as to do for them is to devise some means by which
given in his “ Life and Letters." There is a such men can show that they really are working-
welcome list of unsigned editorials contributed by men, and then to maintain them till they can be
Hearn to the New Orleans “ Times-Democrat," helped to some regular employment. The other
one or two of which are reprinted, together with classes make up the people for whom some sort
a number of excerpts from letters and other of institutional plan seems necessary.
writings.
Several European countries (small ones) han-
Somewhat more than half of the volume is dle this problem by means of farm-colonies.
taken up by Dr. Gould's interesting series of Mr. Kelly gives an account of the Swiss system,
“ epitomes ” of all of Hearn's books; and a full which he believes to be the best.
bibliography compiled by Miss Laura Stedman, sists essentially of one kind of colony to which
which includes unpublished works in manu are sent those who can and will do some sort of
script, papers contributed to periodicals, books work, and another kind to which are sent those
and critical articles about Hearn, and a long who do not wish to work but must be made
list of his translations printed in the New Orleans to. If a man is really a working-man and can
66 Times-Democrat." These are valuable features prove it in Switzerland by a “traveller's relief-
which can hardly fail of wide appreciation. book "), the judge has no business with him. If
FREDERICK W. GOOKIN. a man is really a vagrant, but is willing and able
to do some work, the judge can send him to a
place where there is work that he can do. If a
man be a true hobo, the judge can send him to
THE HOBO IN THEORY AND PRACTICE.* a “ forced labor colony,” where he will be made
to work.
Two recently published books about the
Tramp (or the Hobo, or the Vagrant, as one
If a man be sent to a forced labor colony for
may choose to call him) are interesting because
a term, he is afterward given the option of going
they deal with the matter in rather a comple has really made a start in becoming a decent
to a free labor colony. If he wants to go, he
mentary way, one handling the topic theoreti-
cally and the other practically. Mr. Edmond workingman or laborer. 'If he refuses to go
Kelly has thought the matter out, and provides and returns to the road he will pretty soon come
before a magistrate again, and the same thing
By Edmond Kelly. will occur over again, except that he may then
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
take the chance of going to the free labor colony
It con-
• THE ELIMINATION OF THE TRAMP.
THE ROAD. By Jack London. New York: The Macmillan Co.


302
[May 16,
THE DIAL
and be reformed. If he continue refractory, on either side), there will be much doubt. With
however, he can be dealt with, not as a tramp some diffidence, therefore, we propound some
but as a criminal.
objections, with the idea of bringing the matter
Such being the plan offered by Mr. Kelly, as fully to view as possible.
Mr. Jack London's book gives an idea of the And first as to the honest workman. The
kind of people that such a plan must provide idea of identification is a very desirable one, but
for in this country. On the face of it, Mr. very difficult to carry out. For anyone who
London would seem to have been a hobo not forgives an identification-book or card can also
any literary or academic reason but because he withhold it. And as the proof that a man is
liked to be, in fact for the same reason that any a working-man must in general come from the
one else might be. And this fact gives his book person he has worked for, it will be seen that
certain advantages and disadvantages as a docu the plan gives a good deal of power to the
ment for anyone who wishes to study closely the employer. Mr. Kelly recognizes this difficulty,
phenomena of tramplife. It has, on the one hand, but attaches less weight to it than we are inclined
very considerable knowledge of the subject, but to. Passing that point, however, it should be
on the other it has the obvious unreliability of noted that the establishment of real municipal
such a source. As to the matter of knowledge, lodging-houses is not yet common, — in fact, it is
of course such people think they know every in the dim future. In most cities to-day there
thing about their own way of life. A hobo is no regular way of looking after an honest man
always presents himself as “ wise,” and Mr. Jack out of work. This winter thousands have had
London, like the rest, knows an extraordinary to beg, and many have gone a step farther.
amount, although he does sometimes confess In regard to farm-colonies in general, it is
ignorance.
As to the reliability of his informa- pretty clear that the plan is not in accord with
tion, he tells us himself of half a dozen times the genius of the American hobo, who is not of
when he lied for his own advantage, and it will the agricultural period of development, but is a
be a credulous reader who does not at least sus sort of Ishmaelitish city-dweller. In other words,
pect the possibility of becoming one case more. it is probable that the keeping him on a farm-
Still, looking at the book with severely criti- colony would be a serious matter. And if the
cal eyes, one gets a picture of a person very farm-colonies became practically penitentiaries
difficult to reform. Mr. Kelly's plan works in the matter would not be much ahead of present
Switzerland, and his adaptation to American conditions. Of course what the tramp needs is
conditions seems sound ; but the tramp, as Jack moral regeneration, and this reminds one natu-
London pictures himself and others, appears to rally of General Booth's “ Darkest England
us to need more vigorous treatment than a farm colony-plan. But this plan we need not discuss
colony. One has to search diligently through here.
here. In theory it was not so very different
the book to find any quality or trait (not purely from Mr. Kelly's plan; yet it was proposed
physical) that is not vicious. Mr. Jack London twenty years ago, has had a great deal of money
in his tramp days was, of course, a professional spent upon it, and is not to-day so striking a
beggar and thief, and lived by what he could get success that Mr. Kelly even mentions it.
out of the good-hearted and foolish. But he We think, in fine, that Mr. Kelly's plan would
was otherwise a poor type. He tells us (among be an improvement on present conditions, but
other such matters) how he made friends with a we cannot think that it would eliminate the
man for what he could get out of him and de- tramp.
tramp. The tramp to-day is the result of con-
serted him at the first possible minute. He tells ditions of our civilization that must change before
us how he joined a set of people and sold them their present results pass away.
out the first chance he got, and then sold out
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
those who helped him sell out the others. He
does not seem to have been a person who would
be much improved by a farm-colony, even with
THE March number of the “Teachers' College
forced labor.
Record,” published by the Columbia University Press,
is a contribution to the perennially interesting problem
It does not seem probable that Mr. Jack of children's reading. There is a forty-page biblio-
London would be much impressed with the plan graphy, classified under a dozen headings, which cannot
that Mr. Kelly proposes. Nor does Mr. Kelly fail to be suggestive to teachers and others interested
seem to consider just the type that Mr. London
in directing the literary tastes of children. There are
presents in his reminiscences. As to the value supplementary reading, and details of a novel plan for
also some suggestions for getting good results from
of what a third party may think (no specialist | encouraging summer reading among high school pupils.


1908.]
THE DIAL
303
son.
and a frolicsome younger
brother. To be sure,
FYNES MORYSON: ELIZABETHAN
TRAVELLER.*
the Clerk of the Acts of the days of Charles II.
The handsome volumes of Moryson's valuable may not seem at first glance to have much in
common with the smug and pedantic tourist of
" Itinerary," now coming from the press of
Messrs. James MacLehose & Sons, Glasgow,
the days of good Queen Bess. The diarist
bares his soul as no man before or after him ;
are doubly welcome ; for they not only make
and therefore the trim, precise, and rigid figure
easily accessible a book of travel well worth know-
of the traveller, as he reveals himself in his own
ing, but also show that the bold venture of
Mr. Charles Hughes in issuing (in 1903) his
pages, may fail at first to suggest kinship with
dear, honest, “ grafting," patriotic, truthful,
Shakespeare's Europe: Unpublished Chapters
of Fynes Moryson's Itinerary ” has awakened
lying, loving, licentious Sam Pepys. The ex-
ternal resemblance is, of course, closer to the
enough of interest in the traveller to cause the
Samuel Pepys of Braybooke's supplement, where
reprinting of the older work.
The original " Itinerary” appeared in 1617,
solemn papers, letters, and memoranda almost
make us lose the diarist in the Clerk of the
in a stately folio of nearly 900 pages, under the
Acts. Moryson is, nevertheless, an older Pepys,
ægis of John Beale, dwelling at London in
who reveals the similarity, if in nothing else, in
Aldersgate street. The new edition is to be
completed in four volumes, with a brief "
his wide-ranging curiosity, and in his sane and
pub-
lishers' note" about the life of Moryson, and
lucid, though unornamented, English.
with a full index, a feature sadly missed by all
The personal equation, as necessary to know
in the case of the traveller as of the diarist, is
who knew the old edition. Otherwise we are
for the most part easily ascertainable for Mory-
promised a faithful reprint of the original work
Even the industry of his editor has dis-
“ except that the letters i, j, u, and v have been
covered little more about him than he has himself
altered to conform to modern usage, and obvious
told. When the Fellow of Peterhouse College,
printers' errors, both of spelling and punctuation,
have been corrected.” Mr. Hughes gave us
Cambridge, set sail for Stade, in 1591, to begin
what he regarded as the most valuable portions
his first journey on the continent, he was already
of the manuscript which Moryson left unprinted.
old enough (he was born in 1566) to have most
of his convictions firmly settled. As the third
The pious wish of the worthy traveller was thus
son of a numerous family, his financial prospects
in part fulfilled some three hundred years
after
by way of inheritance were small. Of suffi-
he had, as we may well believe, abandoned the
vain search for a publisher.
ciently bold and active spirit, we may believe
“Shakespeare's
Europe” follows the manuscript faithfully,
that, despite the labored reasons which he gives
except for obvious slips of the pen, even to the
for his undertaking, the real motive was the
desire of change and adventure; for travelling
letters i, j, u, and v, thus reproducing the sincere
and catholic spelling of the old “ Itinerary.
in Europe was then no mere holiday excursion.
In its risk of death or captivity, and in its
The editor has made us his debtors by giving
us a valuable Introduction, but failed, alas ! to
dangers by land and sea, it was more comparable
(though the mere comparison is, of course, an
add the full index. Passages quoted below
from the “ Itinerary” follow the original edi-
exaggeration) with a journey into the heart of
Africa to-day. The gambling spirit of the time
tion, as the reprint has, at this writing, not
regarded the odds against safe return as at least
progressed far enough to supply all of them ;
but the paging of the old has fortunately been
three to one, as may be evidenced by Moryson's
brother Henry, who, when about to accompany
indicated in the new edition.
him on his second voyage, put out £400, after
Shortly after the publication of “Shake-
speare's Europe,” it was my good fortune to take
a common form of speculation in those days, to
receive £1200 on his return, or to lose all,
up both of Moryson's works at the close of a
and lost. Fynes staked a smaller sum in a
fresh perusal of the genuine unabridged Pepys's
“Diary” of Wheatley's ample pages. Surely it
similar way; but though he walked London's
streets again, the treachery of supposed friends
was not the mere chance of proximity that made
cut him short of his expected gains.
the men appear as much alike as a staid older
A firm will and an enterprising spirit were
*AN ITINERARY. Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through not Moryson's sole equipment for his journey.
the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland,
Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turky, France, England,
The Fellow of Peterhouse was manifestly abreast
Scotland, and Ireland, Written by Fynes Moryson, Gent. Vol.
of the learning of his times, priding himself as
umes I. and II. Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
being more skilful in Latin than even the Teu-
-
.


304
[May 16,
THE DIAL
mere
tons, and speaking, before his return, French, about all trace of him, except for the publication
German, and Italian fluently. A staunch Pro of his “ Itinerary" in 1617. The industry of
testant hatred of Turks, Jews, Romish priests, Mr. Hughes has unearthed his will, and settled
Jesuits, and
Irish, is never hidden; the date of his death as February 12, 1629–30.
while the “ English ” Irish come in for dislike Moryson's worldly gear is a not uninteresting
only less violent. Everywhere through his writ- topic. When he set out on his first journey, his
ings is revealed that spirit of condescension which pocket was doubtless none too abundantly filled
even to-day so endears some travellers to the by the gifts of his father and by the annual
rest of the world. And yet at times he could stipend of £20 from Peterhouse which he con-
see clearly and judge rightly of matters wherein tinued to draw for a number of years as a travel-
the English came off only second-best. As in ling Fellow.
As in ling Fellow. But travelling was cheap in those
the case of Pepys, appreciation of literary values days. A quotation on this point will also serve
was one of his weak points; and if he had as to illustrate the clearness of Moryson's style, as
frankly recorded his opinions now and then, they well as his tinge of pedantry and insular conceit
would doubtless have been as silly. Not least (" Itinerary,” III., p. 13):
of his whole equipment was blindness to the “ Fifty or sixty pounds sterling yeerely, were suffi-
beauties of art and nature. One delightful sen cient at the time when I was beyond sea, to beare the
tence (“Itinerary,” III., p. 54), “Sweitzerland charge of a Trauellers diet, necessary apparrell, and two
consists of hills and Mountaines, so as they do
iournies yeerely, in the Spring and Autumne, and also
to serue him for moderate expences of pleasure, so that
likewise trauell on horseback,” reveals the man hee imitated not the Germans, who drinke and banquet
like a lightning flash. That he had his senti as much abroad, as at home, nor the Italians, who liue
mental side we know from many little digres- they among Christians or Pagans, yet cannot restraine
sions, — as when he lingers, for example, over
their incontinency; nor the Polonians, who being perhaps
the sonnes of Castellani, (I meane such as haue the keep-
the Morosini family, famous in Venetian annals, ing of Castles, or like entertainments from the King onely
“ for the Consonancy of that name" with his for their life), commonly spend more prodigally in Italy,
own; but the careless reader may be pardonéd and like places, then at home, so as many times they
for seeing in him a typical stage Englishman spend their whole patrimony abroad. In which kind Í
cannot but commend our Countrimen, who howsoeuer at
solemnly recording his “ expences for horses and
home they may haue spent prodigally, yet going beyond
mans meat” for the benefit of myriads of other seas, rather dispose their expences to repaire this former
Englishmen who should follow after him. prodigalitie then otherwise and practise the rule of the
Yet the very absence of most of what we look
Poet,
for in a modern book of travel is what makes
As his cloth will permit."
Moryson's work most valuable to the modern
His father died while he was on his first
reader. Opinions about art, descriptions of
scenery, attempts to give local color, we have journey, leaving him bequests which amounted
galore, and will read none that smack of ancient
to about £500, according to Mr. Hughes.
days; but the price of a sixteenth-century hen
After the Irish war we hear of a pension of six
in Poland, the stockingless condition of the shillings a day. Though his will reveals neither
ladies of Germany, the laws of inheritance in
money nor lands, he seems to have lived in his
Venice, — these are topics that charm peren-
latter years the peaceful and easy life of the
nially.
unmarried scholar, doubtless pottering over his
The events of Moryson's life which interest
books and manuscripts to the very end. An
us are few. Two journeys (separated only by amusing passage in his account of his visit to
some six months in England in 1595) filled up
Loreto throws unexpected light on his reason-
the six years from May 1, 1591, to July 10, all his Protestant zeal to a white glow, and it is
able content with his fortunes. Loreto brought
1597. On the first he saw much of the
Netherlands, Germany, and Italy (as far south
a pity that we must be content with the quota-
tion of a few lines of his narrative (" Itinerary,”
as Naples), with glimpses of Poland, Bohemia,
I., p. 100):
and briefer, he went to Jerusalem and European speake of the Priests auarice, Euery Psalme ends in
“When we came forth (as the Italians prouerbially
Turkey by way of Germany and Venice. We
Glory be, fc. as if they should say, All religion to end
learn also of a trip to the North of England, in profit) it was necessarie for vs to cast almes into an
and a flying excursion into Scotland. In 1600 iron chest behind the Altar, couered with an iron grate.
he accompanied Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, Priests eares with the sound of money, as with musicke,
Therefore, my consorts, of purpose to delight the
as a sort of secretary to the Irish wars. From
did cast into that chest many brasse quatrines, but of
the death of that nobleman, in 1606, we lose small value, and my selfe being last, when my turne was
Intra fortunam quamque manere suam :
Each man his cote to fit,
Austria, Switzerland, and France ; on the second ?


1908.]
305
THE DIAL
to giue almes, did in stead thereof, gather some tenne made ready to apply the red-hot tongs to the
quatirnes [sic] of theirs, which lay scattered upon the
nose of her erring though repentant husband,
grate, and got that cleare gaine by that Idoll. God
forbid I should bragge of any contempt to Religion;
than of the voyage of Charles II. back to the
but since it appears, that such worship is vnpleasing to
England which he disgraced, they may find
God: and because Papists will haue all their miracles material to their liking in Moryson's pages,
beleeued, I will freely say by experience, that hauing though doubtless less delightsome.
gotten these few quatirnes in such sort as I said, yet
It will depend wholly on the taste of the
after that, God of his mercy preserued me in my long
and dangerous trauell, and from that time to this day,
reader whether he regards the “ Itinerary” or
by his grace, I haue enioyed, though no abundant, yet its continuation as the more enjoyable. More
a competent estate, and more plentifull then in my useful the latter certainly is for everyone in
former dayes.”
search of solid information. In this necessary
Moryson's published " Itinerary” is divided division of opinion, and in view of the fact that
into three parts of about equal length. The first Shakespeare's Europe” has been accessible
is the Itinerary proper,-a narrative of his daily for several years, while the " Itinerary" has yet
route, the cost of food and horse hire, the enu to gain its friends in its new form, we may find
meration of the things seen at each place, at our excuse for confining ourselves hereafter ex-
first sight as unpromising as Pepys's record, but clusively to the latter.
not unlike it in the interest which suddenly Unfortunately, there is not space to quote
appears in the midst of the dullest narrative. Moryson's ambitious scheme of what the traveller
The second part is an account of the Irish war, should observe. He bids him note (III., p. 10)
in which Moryson had a modest share. The the fertility of the soil and its products, the
third deals voluminously with such topics as the mines of metals and precious stones, the abund-
geography, traffic, diet, apparel, military forces, ance and kinds of food with the cost thereof,
laws, and rulers of the states through which he “ the rare and proper Beasts,' costumes, habits,
passed. The manuscript which Mr. Hughes has laws, “ the magnificence of Citizens, their house-
given us in print is, so far as published, essen hold stuffe, and in generall all speciall things,
tially a continuation of the third part, dwelling as Statuaes, Colosses, Sepulchers with the in-
at greater length on social institutions and usages. scriptions, Lybraries with the most rare Bookes,
Different portions of the two books have differ- Theaters, Arches, Bridges, Forts, Armories,
ent values. Moryson was both an observer and Treasuries, Monasteries, Churches, publicke
a compiler. Where he observes most, -as in
as in houses, Vniuersities, with their Founders, re-
Germany, Venice, Florence, and Turkey, — he uenewes, and disputations,” rulers, religion,
is most valuable and interesting. Where he com commerce, and lastly coins (for him a fascinat-
piles most, — as in his long description of Rome, ing topic). Such a scheme is as generous as it
where, for fear of the priests, he dared stay only is impossible, particularly for him who was as
four days,— he is most a bore. In several re unmoved by literature or the fine arts as a man
spects, too, he travelled at an auspicious time, color-blind would be in a modern picture-gallery.
knowing intimately the Germany of the good After all, his was no purpose to entertain merely,
old days before the Thirty Years' War, visiting for, to let him speak in his own words : “ I pro-
Turkey when it was still a menace to Europe, fesse to write especially in this place to the Hu-
and justly conscious, so soon after the defeat of manist, I meane him that affects the knowledge
the Spanish Armada, of the proud position of his of State affaires, Histories, Cosmography, and
own country. An Englishman of Pepys's days the like, and out of that I write, let other men
would have seen a vastly different Europe and apply to their vse, what they iudge fit for them.”
a humbled England.
At the beginning of Part III. he has a dis-
To the sober-minded reader, portions of Mr. cussion of the proper persons to travel, which
Hughes's publication, particularly those concern is especially valuable in these restless-days when
ing Germany and Turkey, offer much valuable we all rush over-seas. Unlike Plato, he decides
information not obtainable elsewhere. But far against old men from fifty to threescore, on
be it from us to commend Moryson merely on account of their liability to fatal illness and
such utilitarian grounds. The lowest and basest their proneness to run into vice. Nor may
of the reasons for accepting gratefully such a women and children go, and married men only
book is surely its usefulness. If there be those for a brief season. “ But as in all actions they
who, taking up the journal of the Clerk of the are happy that hold the meane, so middle age
Acts, would rather read sometimes of the rising is most fit to visit forraigne parts, and to make
price of tickets to the pit, or of how Mrs. Pepys vse thereof, hauing first laid a good foundation


306
[May 16,
THE DIAL
space he
of Arts and Sciences in generall, and specially man; and he fled from Rome after a stay of
those which they meane to professe, and being only four days, for fear that the special intoler-
of so ripe discretion, as they can distinguish ance of Easter might bring him to a prison cell.
betweene good and euill.” This passage, which Yet we find unexpected toleration in parts of
might easily be paralleled by others from older Southern Germany and Bohemia, for the Thirty
English literature, helps to show how curiously Years' War was as yet only a distant menace.
we have now removed the boundary between What we may call his asides are often inter-
middle and old age. Has the span of human esting portions of Moryson's narrative, as illus-
life really grown greater? Moryson, writing in trating some idiosyncrasy of the man, or as
all soberness long after the event, evidently wonderfully pertinent glosses on the history of
meant himself when he spoke of the middle- the life and customs of the times. We have
aged scholar as best fitted for travel, though he already seen him pleasantly employed with the
was only about twenty-five at the beginning of Morosinis of Venice. It is less pleasant to
his journey abroad and not much over thirty on learn of his acquiring the unbreakable habit of
his return. Like many before him, he con going about with downcast eyes, because “a
sidered fifty as the border of old age.
Turke will not abide any Christian to looke him
Moryson esteemed the Germans greatly, and full in the face without striking him.” Some-
gave much space to them. He admired their
times we run across an unexpected bit of senti-
learning, industry, frugality, and honesty, but ment, as in the story of the Florentine Juliet
thought them quarrelsome, prone to scold their who kept her Romeo (I., p. 148):
wives, and little given to politeness. Their “ Neere that place lies a lane vapaued, in memory of
drinking habits left him in endless amazement. a Virgin that dwelt there, whom a yong man loued,
He must have enjoyed life in Italy most, if we
who was borne of a Family of a contrarie faction to
may judge by the amount of
hers, between whom many cruelties had been exercised,
that
gave
and they mutually louing each other, & despairing to
country, praising the Italians for their polite-
get their friends consent for marriage, and at last being
ness and amiability, but condemning them for impatient of delay, resolued with what danger soeuer
dishonesty, cowardice, and incontinency. The to meet together. But it happened, that the yong man
Turk, then at the height of his insolence, if not being to ascend into the Virgins Chamber by a ladder,
was surprised, who to saue the reputation of the Virgin,
of his power, called forth some of the most in-
confessed that he came to rob the house, whereupon he
structive passages of both books.
was condemned to die, and being led to execution by
theme, - his own land, its inns and its men, the house where the Virgin dwelt, she laying aside all
even when they travel, he never tired, though shame, came running out, with her loose haire about her
his comments are never long and almost never
eares, and embracing him, confessed the truth publikly,
with which accident both their parents were so moued,
odious.
as laying aside all former malice they contracted
“I haue obserued the Germans and French in Italy, affinity, and the yoing man deliuered from the bonds of
to live and conuerse most with their owne Countrimen, the hangman, was tied to her in the sweet bond of
disdaining to apply themselues to the Italians language, marriage. And of this wonderful euent, the Florentines
apparrell, and diet, and the English aboue all others, to thought good to keepe this memorie for posteritie.”
subiect themselues to the Lawes, customes, language,
and apparrell of other Nations. And hence it is that
So, too, these comments illuminate the man-
the conuersation of the English abroad is wonderfullie
ner of life of the day,—the unglazed windows
pleasing vnto strangers. Onely because they are forced of Italy; the bench or floor that offered the only
to dissemble their Countrie among Papists, I haue found chance for sleep in rural Polish inns; the awful
by experience, that other Nations, whose habit and name
upper and nether feather beds of Germany, where
they take, haue reaped the commendation of this their
the traveller suffered with his chance companion
vertue; and it is certaine, that the Germanes, whom the
English do often personate, haue thereupon beene often
of the night; the heated common dining-rooms
praysed in forraigne parts for their temperance, and of German inns, where men actually sat bare-
other vertues lesse proper to them.” (III., p. 23.) headed ; the skates of Holland, for which he had
In this necessity under which the English no name ; customs “ proper to the English, as
labored, of having to take the habit and name the muffling a mans face with his cloke"; the
of other nations, we have an allusion to the “ Vmbrels, or things like a little Canopy ouer
religious differences which color every page of their heads,” which men carry in Italy against
the book. When Moryson returned to England the heat, though their use is dangerous,“ because
in Italian costume, constables waited outside the they gather the heate into a pyramidall point,
inn to arrest him, taking him for a Jesuit or and thence cast it downe perpendicularly vpon
a priest. In Italy, travel was possible for him the head, except they know how to carry them
only in the disguise of a Roman Catholic Ger- | for auoyding that danger.” What visions of
Of one


1908.]
307
THE DIAL
things unutterable lie in the simple statement : course upon it sub specie æternitatis. It is to
“ At the table, they fi.e., the Italians, but some them that we must turn for whatever poetry we
thing similar is said of the French elsewhere] may expect to find in the work, for only a scant
touch no meate with the hand, but with a forke fraction of its bulk is to be described as being
of siluer or other metall, each man being serued poetry at all. Mr. Hardy's intellectual mastery
with his forke and spoone, and glasse to drinke." is such that he can at times force poetry to his
His was in many ways another England ; but will, but the product is never quite without traces
who does not recall Pepys, muffling his face in of the violence employed. We feel about him
his mantel, or proud, on occasion, to wear his as we feel about Emerson and Whitman, that
hat ceremoniously indoors ?
the stuff of poetry is in him, but coupled with
CHARLES HARRIS. the obstinate determination not to submit to
its formal restraints. The poetical high-water
mark of the entire work was probably reached in
the comment of the Chorus of Pities
upon
the
THE DYNASTS.*
Walcheren expedition in Part II. (quoted in
It is a century since the epos of the Napoleonic The Dial, May 16, 1906). Nothing quite equal
wars filled the thoughts of mankind, and we are
to that in haunting and melancholy beauty is to
now only beginning to understand the events of
be found in the volume now at hand. And yet
those portentous years, and to view them in their there are single lines of infinite suggestiveness,
true historical perspective. It may well be that
such as the pathetic
another century
shall
pass
before men are able
“ Disasters mostly have to do with me”
to view in true literary perspective, and to praise of the Empress Marie Louise ; brief passages of
aright, the colossal drama which Mr. Thomas biting force or amazing vision, such as these
Hardy has consecrated to the Napoleonic theme. words of Davout at first sight of Moscow!
When the first section of “The Dynasts” was “ What scores of bulbous church-tops gild the sky !
published, some four years since, the impression Souls must be rotten in this region, sire,
made by it was chiefly one of bewilderment.
To need so much repairing !”
The second section deepened that impression, or these of the Spirit of the Pities upon the field
and brought with it a more definite sense of the of Waterloo :
power displayed. With the third section, now
“ Between the jars
completing the work, we become conscious of a
Of those who live, I hear uplift and move
The bones of those who placidly have lain
precipitation, still somewhat cloudy, of the æsthe-
Within the sacred garths of yon grey fanes
tical, ethical, and philosophical elements hitherto Nivelles and Plancenoit, and others nigh,
held in solution, and we feel that a great task
Where faith is vibrant still — through untold years.
has been worthily performed. How worthily,
Their dry jaws quake: What Sabaoth is this,
That shakes us in our unobtrusive shrouds,
and to what enduring effect, the distant future
As though our tissues did not yet abhor
must be left to decide. Here, at least, is the
The fevered feats of life?'"
vision vouchsafed to one of the greatest spirits
of our time, brooding for many years over one
Probably the finest long passage is offered by
of the most extraordinary themes presented by
the last monologue of Napoleon, fleeing for his
life after the final defeat of his insensate ambi-
the history of the modern world. That the out-
tion. It is midnight, he is drowsing in the saddle,
come of such a preoccupation should be mere
and the voice of the Spirit Ironic penetrates to
futility we cannot for a moment believe. What-
his consciousness with the question :
ever deductions criticism
may
hereafter make for
“ So I would ask, Ajaccian Bonaparte,
ruggedness of form, incoherence of structure, and
Has all this been worth while ?"
preposterous scenic investiture, there will always
remain the sense of a great conception, power-
Here is the monologue in full :
“O cursed hour,
fully presented, and endowed by its creator with
Why am I stung by spectral questionings ?
a strange kind of life.
Did not my clouded soul incline to match
The three parts of “ The Dynasts” comprise Those of the corpses yonder, thou should'st rue
nineteen acts and one hundred and thirty scenes. Thy saying, Fiend, whoever thou may'st be!...
The human characters are numbered by the hun-
Why did the death-drops fail to bite me close
dreds, and to these are superadded the Phantom
I took at Fontainebleau ? Had I then ceased
This deep had been unplumbed; had they but worked,
Intelligences that hover over the scene, and dis-
I had thrown three-fold the glow of Hannibal
THE DYNASTs. By Thomas Hardy. Part Third.
Down History's dusky lanes ! — Is it too late ?
York: The Macmillan Co.
Yea. Self-sought death would smoke but damply here !
..
New


308
[May 16,
THE DIAL
If but a Kremlin cannon-shot had met me
earlier sections of the work already know, this
My greatness would have stood: I should have scored
is a philosophy that embodies the central doc-
A vast repute, scarce paralleled in time.
As it did not, the fates had served me best
trine of Schopenhauer — the doctrine of a blind,
If in the thick and thunder of to-day,
unconscious, and aimless will immanent in all
Like Nelson, Harold, Hector, Cyrus, Saul,
things, and unwitting of any definite purpose.
I had been shifted from this jail of flesh,
“Why prompts the Will so senseless-shaped a doing?”
To wander as a greatened ghost elsewhere.
Yes, a good death, to have died on yonder field;
asks the Spirit of the Pities ; and the Spirit of
But never a ball came passing down my way!
the Years makes answer :
So, as it is, a miss-mark they will dub me;
“ I have told thee that It works unwittingly,
And yet -- I found the crown of France in the mire,
As one possessed, not judging."
And with the point of my prevailing sword
Whatever light the author has for the darkness
I picked it up! But for all this and this
I shall be nothing.
of his fellow-men, perplexed by the seemingly
To shoulder Christ from out the topmost niche meaningless tragedy of existence, must be
In human fame, as once I fondly felt,
sought in that impressive “ After Scene" in
Was not for me. I came too late in time
the Overworld, when Europe is visible only in
To assume the prophet or the demi-god,
the dim distance, and the Phantom Intelligences
A part past playing now. My only course
To make good showance to posterity
alone occupy the stage.
Was to implant my line upon the throne.
SPIRIT OF THE YEARS.
And how shape that, if now extinction nears ?
Great men are meteors that consume themselves
“ Thus doth the Great Foresightless mechanize
In blank entrancement now as evermore
To light the earth. This is my burnt-out hour.”
Its ceaseless ar ries in Circumstance
The seven acts which this closing section Of curious stuff and braid, as just forthshown.
of the work comprises deal with the Russian
Yet but one flimsy riband of Its web
expedition, the final passages of the Peninsular
Have we here watched in weaving - web Enorme,
Whose furthest hem and selvage may extend
campaign, the defeat of Leipzig, the exile to
To where the roars and plashings of the flames
Elba, and the Belgian campaign that ended on Of earth-invisible suns swell noisily,
the field of Waterloo. Many scenes of subor-
And onwards into ghastly gulfs of sky,
dinate interest are interspersed, taking us, now
Where hideous presences churn through the dark
Monsters of magnitude without a shape,
to London, now to Malmaison, now to the
Hanging amid deep wells of nothingness.
Wessex coast, now to Vienna and Schönbrunn.
Yet seems this vast and singular confection
The stage-directions are more amazing than Wherein our scenery glints of scantest size,
ever, as the following examples witness :
Inutile all so far as reasonings tell."
“ The unnatural light before seen usurps that of the
SPIRIT OF THE PITIES.
sun, bringing into view, like breezes made visible, the
“ Thou arguest still the Inadvertent Mind, -
films or brain-tissues of the Immanent Will, that
But, even so, shall blankness be for aye?
pervade all things, ramifying through the whole army, Men gained cognition with the flux of time,
Napoleon included, and moving them to Its inexplicable And wherefore not the Force informing them,
artistries."
When far-ranged aions past all fathoming
“ Thereupon a vision passes before Napoleon as he Shall have swung by, and stand as backward years ? "
lies, comprising hundreds of thousands of skeletons and
corpses in various stages of decay. They rise from his Here may be noted Mr. Hardy's point of de-
various battlefields, the flesh dropping from them, and parture from the Schopenhauerian conception
gaze reproachfully at him. His intimate officers slain
of the Will. With the German philosopher, the
he recognizes among the crowd. In front is the Duke
Will may attain to consciousness only in its indi-
of Enghien as showman.”
vidual objectification, and then only to the effect
The imagination that stage-directed the second
of an act of negation and consequent world-
part of Faust" did not transcend the possible annihilation ; with the English poet the Will
to this extent. As for the Phantom Intelli-
may become conscious in its cosmic character,
gences, the Spirits of Rumour, and of the Pities
and acquire positive purpose wherewith to shape
and of the Years, the Spirits Sinister and Ironic,
a more rational world. The distinction is fun-
they are present everywhere, commenting singly damental. And thus the Will is invoked by the
or in choral unison upon the scenes, as they are Pities in chorus:
successively enacted upon the earthly stage.
“ We hold that Thy unscanted scope
If it is to these Phantom Intelligences that Affords a food for final Hope,
we must look for the poetry of Mr. Hardy's That mild-eyed Consciousness stands nigh
work, it is to them also that we must turn for
Life's loom, to lull it by and by."
its philosophy. As those who have read the The Spirit Ironic interposes a last objection :
-
-


1908.]
309
THE DIAL
Of the ages
care.
:
“ As once a Greek asked I would fain ask too, him to use them; and it is of interest to compare
Who knows if all the Spectacle be true,
the longer and the more concise treatments of the
Or an illusion of the gods (the Will,
same epoch.
To wit) some hocus pocus to fulfil ?”
Of late years no field of American history has
And the final answer of the Pities is thus voiced : been more industriously exploited than this Recon-
“ But — a stirring thrills the air
struction period, - especially with reference to the
Like to sounds of joyance there
fate of individual States. The resulting monographs
That the rages
Professor Dunning has used with discriminating
Besides, he has broken the path into some
Shall be cancelled, and deliverance offered from the new and important sources, notably the papers of
darts that were,
Andrew Johnson in the Library of Congress. But
Consciousness the Will informing, till It fashion all behind all this is the thoughtful consideration which
things fair."
the author for many years has given to the problems
This, if less ecstatic in utterance, is at one with of that time. The result is a fresh treatment which
the Chorus Mysticus that brings “ Faust” to its in many ways departs from the traditional accounts,
sublime close. It is the impressive last word
which is marked by the absence of doctrinaire asser-
to mankind of a spirit that has faced life steadily, Thus, in the case of the labor laws of the Southern
tions, and reveals a detached yet sympathetic feeling.
swept all illusions from the field of its vision, States, passed at the very close of the war, it is
and yet has preserved the faith to believe that emphasized by Professor Dunning that while such
the world-process may eventuate in an ultimate legislation was not tactful politically, and some
good.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
examples of it were to be condemned as cruel and
oppressive, the general purpose in the minds of those
who enacted this body of law was an entirely reason-
able and just one. Again, the quarrel between
President Johnson and Congress is relieved to some
THE AMERICAN NATION : 1865-1907.* extent of the intensely personal character which has
attached to it, by the recognition of the fact that
The appearance of the Index volume of “ The
there was a more fundamental question involved, -
American Nation” brings to a close a work that the conflict of the executive with the legislative
long before its completion has commended itself to branch of the government.
all students of American history. The scholarship Notwithstanding the necessary compression of a
which has characterized the series as a whole, the volume which has so much to tell, one of its most
convenient and tasteful form in which the volumes
delightful features is the description of the person-
have been presented to the public, and the prompt alities which in Congress or in office swayed the
ness with which the publication has been carried Nation's thought. The great trio, Thaddeus Stevens,
through, have elicited admiration which is hardly Charles Sumner, and Henry Wilson, are handled
qualified by the necessity of reading ten thousand without much reverence. In the case of the first,
pages, by the possible loss of individuality incident "a keen and relentlessly logical mind, an ever ready
to a cooperative bistory, or by the repetition which gift of biting sarcasm and stinging repartee, and a
is unavoidable in a work of this kind.
total lack of scruple as to means in the pursuit of a
Of the six volumes now before us, four contain legislative end, secured him an ascendency in the
the narrative of the United States from the Civil
House which none of his party associates ever
War to the present time, one is an index, and one is dreamed of disputing." Sumner, however, "made
an essay, by the editor, upon American history. The himself felt in a far different way. His forte was
first volume of this group covers the period of Recon exalted moral fervor and humanitarian idealism.
struction, and in it Professor Dunning, whose essays
He lived in the empyrean, and descended thence
on Reconstruction have for a decade stimulated all
upon his colleagues with dogmas that he discovered
students of this period in our history, has written, in there. . . . He was the perfect type of that narrow
an easy and attractive style, another book that will fanaticism which erudition and egotism combine
be a necessary guide to students in this especial to produce, and to which political crises alone give
field. The author expresses his gratification that the opportunity for actual achievement.” Henry
Mr. Rhodes's last two volumes appeared in time for Wilson's “sympathy for the down-trodden was no
less demonstrative than his colleague's,” but his
THE AMERICAN NATION. A History, from Original Sources,
by Associated Scholars. Edited by Albert Bushnell Hart, LL.D. “ tears in their flow never for a moment distorted
Vol. XXII., Reconstruction, Political and Economic, 1865-1877,
his count of the votes to be gained for his party.”
by William Archibald Dunning, Ph.D.; Vol. XXIII., National
Development, 1877-1885, by Edwin Erle Sparks, Ph.D.; Vol. Finally, George S. Boutwell is described as
a desti-
XXIV., National Problems, 1885-1897, by Davis Rich Dewey,
tute of Sumner's erudition and egotism and of
Ph.D.; Vol. XXV., America as & World Power, 1897-1907, by
John Holladay Latané, Ph.D.; Vol. XXVI., National Ideals
Wilson's cant, but exemplifying perfectly the hard
Historically Traced, 1607-1907, by Albert Bushnell Hart, LL.D.; merciless type which the Puritan conscience makes
Vol. XXVII., Analytic Index, compiled by David Maydole
of a mediocre man.
Matteson, A.M. With maps and portraits. New York: Harper
This volume extends through the two administra-
& Brothers.


310
[May 16,
THE DIAL
tions of Grant, with their varying currents of politics, taken up before the sixth chapter of his book and
to the disputed election of 1876, and the decision then commands a relatively limited space. It is the
rendered by the electoral Commission in favor of recital of economic facts, and the statement of nascent
Hayes. The story of the failure of Reconstruction economic problems, that gives the book its distinc-
in the South gives place to that of the economic tion. Of course many of these economic facts and
development of the North and the depressing public problems were, or soon became, intimately connected
scandals that disgraced the Republican rule. There with politics, and thus the tariff, the currency, the
is a chapter upon the judicial interpretation of expansion of inland commerce, and kindred subjects
Reconstruction: and if any fault-finding were in have been made the basis of partisan appeals to
order, we might be disposed to place it here and voters. But Professor Sparks begins with an
ask for a larger expression of Professor Dunning's account of the Exposition of 1876, with its expres-
judgment as an historian on the relation to the facts sion of the new spirit of the American people,
of Reconstruction of the theories as to the location the spirit of business enterprise now entering into a
of sovereignty in the United States which different larger stage of activity, and prepared to do larger
writers or different parties advanced. Perhaps this things than the men of the earlier Union could bave
question has been anticipated, and the answer sug dreamed of.
gested, by Professor Dunning, when he says that Careful study is thus devoted to the population
“the final steps in reconstruction revealed with of the country as it stood when the last quarter of
unmistakable clearness the truth of the southern the nineteenth century began, and later a chapter is
view that a new Union had been created.”
given to the Immigration problem and one to the
It is expressly stated that the book is not to be question of Chinese exclusion. There is a succinct
merely a chapter of Southern history, but is to adopt account of the progress of invention and discovery,
and maintain a national outlook. Thus matters of especially in the fields of electrical and pechani-
diplomacy, of transcontinental railroad building, of cal engineering. Another chapter tells of the earlier
national finance, as well as matters of national poli- phases of railroad development that marked the period
tics, all have their place. Yet after all has been said, under review, pointing out the favor with which the
one cannot lay the volume down without the feeling Government, in the Act of 1866, had viewed the
that the centre of interest historically as well as unification of railroad systems in trunk lines, as con-
dramatically lies in the processes by which the trasted with the later hostility to consolidations. The
Southern States of the Union passed from the years wider change of sentiment towards the roads which
of warfare to that condition of things which, for expressed itself in the Granger movement is dis-
good or ill, has been and has thus far remained," the cussed, with helpful reference to the reports of early
Solid South.” It is, however, in the highest degree congressional committees upon the subject. In this
desirable and important that we should ever be way the reader is led up to the Interstate Commerce
reminded that even when apparently the isolation Act of 1887, which is treated at length in the suc-
was most complete, and certainly the feeling of sec ceeding volume. Quite as valuable is the chapter
tionalisnı was most intense, this history was but a upon industrial problems, where the agitation for a
part of a larger history: something which will be shorter working day, the extension into too familiar
more and more realized both in the South and in use of the ancient methods of the “strike" and the
the North.
boycott,” the growth of organization as expressed
in the “Knights of Labor," the weakness of militia
The titles of the next three volumes, “National in the face of labor difficulties, and the power of the
Development,"
,” “National Problems,” and “ America Courts, are shown to have very soon called attention
the World Power,"— suggest at first sight a topical to the desirability of peace between labor and capital,
treatment. As a matter of fact each book treats of and to have moved Congress to the initial step of
much the same topics, within the limits of a decade, creating, in 1884, a bureau of labor statistics.
more or less; and together they cover the events of In the political part of the volume, the central
the last generation, from 1877 to 1907. Thus the theme is found in the factional fights of parties, and
first of these three, written by Professor E. E. the concurrent struggles in the direction of civil ser-
Sparks, brings the narrative down to the election of vice reform. The forces which led to the defeat of
Cleveland in 1884; in the second, Professor Davis Blaine are clearly analyzed. The prominence of
R. Dewey continues it to the campaign of 1896 ; the West in National affairs which is revealed so
while the story of the last ten years, including clearly by the author was, of course, no new pheno-
especially the account of the Spanish-American menon, but Professor Sparks brings out the social
War, is left to Professor John H. Latané. Through and economic conditions which reëmphasized the
all the volumes run many threads that are the same: influence of the West; and thus the Mormons, the
the course of party conflict, the growth of foreign | Indian tribes, and the interests of the cowboys and
policy, the various phases of the economic develop- ranchmen, miners and railroad kings, appear with
ment of the Nation.
that effect of romance which we have since attri-
Professor Sparks shows the fundamental changes buted to the “ West.” Only one important topic
that marked the close of the epoch of Reconstruction: seems to have been neglected, or left to another
it is significant that political history as such is not place — the cultural development of the country.
66


1908.]
311
THE DIAL
66
The frontispiece to the volume is a portrait of James and dissensions which humiliated the Democratic
Russell Lowell; but as the name of that distin administration.” President Cleveland, concludes
guished diplomat and man of letters does not appear Professor Dewey, was sacrificed by his party;
in Professor Sparks's book, the picture would seem but even his enemies respected his consistency and
to be an overflow from the last volume of the text. firmness, and in later years have hastened to pay
tribute which was denied when he retired from
If in the volumes thus far discussed the approach office.”
of the present has made itself felt, this becomes far
stronger as one turns to the works of Professor It is a coincidence not without interest that the
Dewey and Professor Latané. In the former of first volume of Professor Hart's series that treated
these, the personality of President Cleveland takes the narrative of English-speaking America was
the first place: the book covers his two terms of written by a student of history from the oldest of
office, with the intervening administration of Presi the colonies, — President Lyon G. Tyler of William
dent Harrison. Professor Dewey comments on the and Mary College in Virginia, while the last narra-
difficulties of the treatment of recent history: the tive volume is the work of a younger scholar of the
unavailability of private papers, the overwhelming same State, Professor John H. Latané of Wash-
mass of detail not yet sifted and criticized, and the ington and Lee. The work of the former dealt
troubling question of proper perspective. He applies with English settlements before 1660, but chiefly
these to such definite problems as “the relations of with the development of Virginia ; in the latter's
Cleveland to the reactionary spoilsmen’of his first volume the National spirit of the new era is pre-
administration, the origin of the tariff message of dominant. In fact, one might almost substitute the
1887, the failure of Sherman to secure the presiden- word international, for the larger part of Professor
tial nomination in 1888, the relations of Harrison Latané's book is concerned with the events that have
and Blaine and the sudden resignation of the latter, removed the United States from the old-time isola-
and the swerving in our foreign policy marked tion into the field of world-politics.
by the Venezuelan message," - problems which, he The social and economic problems of National
says, “ have still to be definitely interpreted by the importance, made so prominent in the volumes just
historian.” But notwithstanding these admitted preceding, are here disappointingly compressed into
limitations as to material and depth of treatment, two chapters, where one finds, for example, but the
Professor Dewey has given a political history of briefest mention of the federal Railroad Rate law
these twelve years that is admirable in every respect. of 1906. Two chapters are devoted to the two last
It is a period that demands able handling, for the Presidential elections. The remainder of the book
currents and counter-currents of American politics is easily divisible into two halves. The first carries
are peculiarly confused and especially important. the story of the Spanish-American War from the
Not only were the executive and one or the other intervention in Cuba through the peace negotiations
branch of Congress during much of this time of of 1898–1899 and the Philippine Insurrection. Here
different political faith, but within the parties there one finds a careful narrative without any spirit of
was positive disagreement.
jingoism ; and if the style be here and there some-
But while the history of parties and party leaders, what journalistic, that is perhaps unavoidable in writ-
and the narrative of our diplomatic affairs, are so ing of events so fresh in the public mind and thus
satisfactorily carried through these years, the strik far handled so exclusively in that manner. The
ing characteristic of the volume (as the other second division to which we have referred lies within
writings of the author would lead one to expect) is Professor Latané's chosen métier, in which his earlier
the masterly discussion of economic questions. writings have won him distinction. This is the his-
These are the real “National Problems” suggested tory of diplomacy, and the central theme of this
in the title of the book, the varying fortunes of volume is the “sphere of international relations in
the protective tariff, the development of organized which America is undoubtedly destined to play a
labor, the growth of trusts, the further attempts to larger part.” This is elaborated in interesting and
regulate railroads, and especially the evolution of the valuable chapters upon the Spanish-American Peace
monetary system of the country and the activity of negotiations, American Diplomacy in the Orient, the
the friends of the free and unlimited coinage of Alaskan Boundary, the Panama Canal, our relations
silver. The last topic, both in its special form and to Cuba and the Monroe Doctrine, and, finally, the
in its general relation to public finance, is treated very vital topics of international arbitration and the
extensively in four chapters scattered through the forcible collection of debts due from one State to
work, the last of which, that upon the campaign of another.
1896, brings the book to a close with no little In his development of diplomatic history, the
dramatic effect. The defeat of Mr. Bryan is attri author treats not merely the technique of foreign
buted to the fear felt towards his policies by the affairs but the wider economic and constitutional
business interests of the country, rather than to effects of diplomatic action. In a tone thoroughly
“deep-seated popular adherence to the principles of controlled and impartial, he reviews the Supreme
the Republican party.” There is also a sharp word Court's decisions in the Insular cases, concluding that
of criticism for the Democrats, and the bickerings / commercial and political interests decided the con-


312
[May 16,
THE DIAL
stitutional position of our new possessions before the is lacking is the deeper philosophical analysis of
Supreme Court took
up
the
cases,
and that the Court's what Democracy really is, or rather, what it is to
decisions, “confusing and unsatisfactory as they were be in the future.
from the standpoint of constitutional law," simply
recognized un fait accompli. In the case of the Well worthy of approbation is the “ Analytic
Panama Canal and the secession of Panama from Index” to the series, prepared by Mr. D. M.
Colombia, the author indulges in a couple of Matteson of the Harvard University Library. In
paragraphs of very keen and clear criticism of the a work of this sort minor inaccuracies will occur,
President's public ethics, remarking that full accept such as the failure to distinguish between the two
ance of the President's public arguments “involved persons named Daniel Dulany. These are trifles,
the recognition of the President as the agent of col however, in view of the immense serviceableness of
lective civilization, clothed with the power of regu the Index to the twenty-six volumes, with general
lating the international right of eminent domain." topical references also carefully worked out. It is
The chapters on international arbitration, the asking too much, perhaps, and aiming at something
Monroe Doctrine, and the collection of public debts too difficult of accomplishment, to expect such an
by foreign nations are closely inter-connected : in Index to include more than it does of the biblio-
deed the author considers that the last topic graphical matter ; to reach this in unified form one
constitutes the most recent phase of the Monroe has Larned's Bibliography and similar works.
Doctrine. He gives an excellent summary of the As a word of conclusion, in leaving this note-
developments in Venezuela and Santo Domingo, clos-worthy addition to the literature of American history,
ing with a discussion of the unsatisfactory status in we may express an opinion as to its chief usefulness.
which the question has been left by the third Inter As a work of reference it should be in every library.
national Conference of American States held at Rio | It will be of especial value to teachers. To the
Janeiro in July, 1906, and by the Second Peace Con- general reader single volumes will appeal, and
ference at the Hague, in 1907.
thus popularize a scientific treatment of history. It
is, however, far too extensive to be a "popular
In the final volume of the series, Professor Hart, history. On the other hand, only some of its
as editor of the texts, considers American ideals volumes will serve the purposes of the specialist.
from the standpoint of their historical development. With its many excellences, it is to be questioned
The sixteenth volume, also contributed by him, was whether the series as a whole has demonstrated the
a discussion of the connected topics of slavery and impossibility or the uselessness of the attempt to
abolition. This new volume is a review of American attain unity or uniformity in the work of a single
life in general. The author lays stress upon the his master hand.
St. GEORGE L. SIOUSSAT.
torical or evolutionary treatment which differentiates
his work from Bryce's “ American Commonwealth.”
Professor Hart wishes to prove that “we are own
brothers to our great-grandfathers.” He thus recap-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
itulates American history along the great lines of
geographic environment, race and social conditions,
A companion volume to the Abbé
American government, and social and economic
among his
Klein's “ In the Land of the Stren-
activities, concluding with a prospect of the future
own people.
uous Life" is now issued by the same
of American democracy. The book is a collection of publishers (McClurg).
publishers (McClurg). “An American Student in
summaries and generalizations, some of which seem France,” admirably translated, as was the earlier
strong and clear, others, such as the discussion of cul- work, by the accomplished author, and generously
tural development, much less satisfactory. Certain illustrated, presents the author's conception of the
fundamental assumptions would be expected : sov. way things French impress an inquiring, observant,
ereignty rested in the Continental Congress rather and serious-minded American student of about
than in the States ; the Puritans have furnished "the twenty-one years of age. The student is a compos-
little leaven that leavens the whole lump." But in ite type, and, naturally, somewhat idealized; hence
general the outlook is one distinctly broad and not thoroughly real and convincing " to the reader.
sympathetic. Professor Hart recognizes the incon But that does not prevent one's deriving a good deal
sistency with the theoretical democracy of Lincoln of entertainment and instruction from the Abbé's
of the settlement, after the Spanish-American War, frank and comrade-like talks on various subjects
of the Philippine question; but this inconsistency of historic, political, religious, and literary interest,
does not discourage his hope for the future. The whosoever may serve as ostensible mouth-piece from
failures of Democracy include the lack of discrimina page to page. Certain well-known cities, as Paris,
tion between high things and low, the toleration by Versailles, Rouen,
Versailles, Rouen, — are visited by the imaginary
Americans of poor city government, the contempt
American youth, and other regions less familiar,
of expert opinion, intense party feeling, the love as Quercy, Tarn, and Auvergne, “ where one can
for excitement and the sensational press, the exist see," the author says, " along with charming and
ence of scandalous corruption, and the possibility of curious landscapes, the most striking examples of
class rivalry. These defects are strongly put: what our ancient manners.” He apologizes for the con-
Father Klein


1908.]
313
THE DIAL
As a
siderable space accorded to current politico-religious but real, based on a wide and deep knowledge of the
discussions, and notably to the separation of Church problems of the farm and the farmer. “ The farm
and State, questions which he regards as among the problem consists in maintaining upon our farms a
most important that have arisen in France for a cen class of people who have succeeded in procuring for
tury. His views on the separation referred to may themselves the highest possible class status, not only
be gathered from the imaginary discussions of the in the industrial but in the political and social order,
subject in his book. He is broad-minded and looks -a relative status, moreover, that is measured by
at the matter from more than one point of view, but the demands of American ideals.” The author then
what he has put into the mouth of an imaginary shows how the “old farmer,” with his sterling quali-
French bishop is presumably the expression of his ties, who furnished the backbone to earlier Amer-
own opinion. “ More important still than this ican life, has merged into the “new farmer," with
material readjustment,” says the bishop toward the advanced ideas and the
energy
of
progress,
and how
end of a long harangue, “ appears to us the moral both are in marked contrast to the “moss-back."
renovation which the separation regime will impose The section on “ Agencies of Progress " gives his-
on the clergy and the faithful. Henceforth the torical sketches of the Farmers' Institutes, the
clergy, being in contact with the realities of existence Grange, and the more recent “ Hesperia Movement,”
and at the same time obliged to see, consult with, describing also the valuable work these agencies are
interest their people, and render account to them, accomplishing to-day; it treats of the rural school
will acquire a truer idea of modern life and its exi and the community, opportunities for farm women,
gencies; it will become more indulgent, while its the country church and progress, sketches what edu-
qualities of initiative and intelligence will be devel-
cation
may
mean to the farmer, and gives a summary
oped.” In comparing things American with what of recent progress. Mr. Butterfield emphasizes the
is encountered on French soil, the Abbé, or the high service of educated women on the farm, the
Abbé's “student," is not invariably trustworthy. beneficial influence they may have on the community
For example, after referring to Jeanne d'Arc, “the as well as on their homes, becoming a power in
heroine who was burnt alive for witchcraft in 1431,” their generation and those to follow. “ An Untilled
the American visitor says:
“I blush to think that Field in American Education ” urges the study of
at home, in New England, as late as the year 1692, agricultural economics and of rural sociology, not
the heads of twenty-eight victims were cut off, eight only in agricultural colleges but also in normal
in one day, under this same insane pretext.” schools, theological seminaries, and universities,
matter of historic fact, in 1692, at the height of the from which go the teachers and clergymen and
Salem witchcraft frenzy, nineteen persons were editors who may wield the greatest power in their
hanged (not beheaded) on Gallows Hill, and one communities. The final chapter is entitled “Feder-
old man, Giles Corey, was pressed to death for refus ation for Rural Progress,” and here the author lays
ing to plead. Father Klein is a writer to com stress on the subject as it is to be developed outside
mand attention at all times, but he is not in quite so of the schools, his idea being that all the social
happy a vein in impersonating the American visitor agencies granges, institutes, all societies bearing
to France as he was in playing the French visitor on rural subjects of any sort, “ country teachers,
to America.
preachers, editors, doctors, and business men, and,
more than all, intelligent and progressive farmers"-
Modern progress
In “Chapters in Rural Progress” should so federate in a “ League for Social Progress
of the rural (University of Chicago Press), Mr.
community.
(of which he gives examples in leagues now exist-
Kenyon L. Butterfield presents a col-
lection of addresses and magazine articles grouped tended, that every phase of the rural problem shall
ing) that their work shall not be duplicated but ex-
under a few general headings but all bearing on the
be met by an adequate solution, that the specialist
same topic. The author is President of the Massa-
and the practical man shall come together, and that
chusetts Agricultural College, and has written and
spoken much on a subject that he evidently has close
the cooperation of individuals shall merge into the
cooperation of interests. We regret to note a few
at heart. He disarms criticism somewhat by calling
such solecisms as “grand business proposition” and
attention to the fact that his book has the limitations
“enthuse," but in general the book is written in a
of collected papers; yet one questions if it would not
simple and direct fashion that suits the subject. It
have been more effective if the materials had been
should be in the hands of all who are in any way
worked over and welded together more compactly.
interested in rural progress, from the farmer to the
However, many of the chapters are admirably suited
school trustee.
to be read before farmer's institutes, grange meet-
ings, and agricultural schools — such audiences as
An eloquent plea
Unmistakably a Hellenist in tem-
first heard them from the author. The central
for “triunistic” perament and creed, and not hesitat-
thought running through all is the vital importance
self-culture.
ing to express his abhorrence of
of the personal progress and development of the Hebraism, Mr. Bliss Carman has given us, in his
American farmer, if he is to hold his own in this collection of essays entitled “The Making of Per-
swiftly moving century. This advancement must be sonality” (L. C. Page & Co.), a plea for self-culture
not merely technical but cultural, — not superficial
not superficial that emphasizes rather the physical than the intel-


314
[May 16,
THE DIAL
a
lectual or spiritual aspect of the subject — although the first time incorporated in the work, is a geo-
it is true that he intends to indicate everywhere a graphical index, which brings together all the names
triune ideal of normal well-being and happiness." of those living in any given city, state, or foreign
His philosophy of right living - of training sym- country. It shows, for example, that about eight
metrically body and mind and soul — he ventures to hundred Chicagoans are distinguished enough for
call “ triunistic or unitrinian philosophy,” the word inclusion in the work. The last entry in this index
“ trinitarian” being preëmpted for another and a is as follows: “Wales, Craig y Nos Castle, Patti,
universally recognized purpose. At the outset the Adelina, prima donna." The editor, Mr. Albert
author does well to remind the reader that “the Nelson Marquis, contributes a preface which is both
culture of personality ... is a very complex and instructive and entertaining. It is the former be-
subtle process. It is not accomplished by the ac cause it gives some valuable statistical gleanings
quiring of knowledge and the adoption of morality from the work, and it is the latter because it reflects
alone, but by every moment's life of the body, some of the humorously diversified opinions of the
every deed, every word, every gesture, - by the editor's multitudinous correspondents. Perhaps the
deliberate training of exercise and regimen, by the most amusing of these opinions is that of the clergy-
long course of habitual occupation, and by every man who calls it " a vicious book, because it seeks to
brief act of each irrevocable instant. We not only establish a man's worth in the world by the position
transform our outward bodily persons by what we he occupies.” The editor does not claim too much
are, making them simulacra of our inmost selves, but when he says, with pardonable pride, that the work
in sober truth our most essential selves are in their “has achieved a world-wide recognition as something
turn reflexly transformed by the reacting influence fixed and requisite.” Coming to us at the same time
of our physical habits and doings.” This will sug as its American prototype, we welcome the new vol-
gest to many, as it did to the author, the stanza ume of “Wer Ist's ?” (New York: Stechert). This
from “Rabbi Ben Ezra" ending, “nor soul helps is the third issue of the work, which is described
flesh mora, now, than flesh helps soul!” And it is as “vollkommen neu bearbeitet und wesentlich
not surprising to find many pages of the book devoted erweitert." About eighteen thousand biographies
to such themes as the form and function of the are included, thus surpassing by about two thousand
human foot, the art of walking correctly and of breath the American list. We understand that the idea of
ing properly, dancing as a fine art, the rhythm of these books has now reached France, and that a
grace, the sorcery of the hand, the importance of “Qui Etes-vous ?” volume has recently been pro-
manners, and the notorious disregard of much that duced. This, however, has not yet come to our hand.
is hygienic and ästhetic in our dress. It is the
Greek beauty of life that we are to realize anew, by
The Rev. Patrick Augustine Sheehan,
Random
reflections of
proper attention to rhythmic grace of motion, to
Canon of Cloyne, poet, essayist, and
an Irish Canon. novelist, has issued a companion
harmonious training of all parts of the body, and to
the acquisition of that tunefulness of the whole being has given it the unassuming title, “ Parerga” (Long-
volume to “Under the Cedars and the Stars," and
to which our latter-day devotion to narrower and
narrower specialties is so hostile. Of athletics as
mans). Grouped under the four seasons, beginning
practised in this day and generation Mr. Carman
with Autumn, this collection of obiter dicta is devoted
has a poor opinion: he regrets that college athletics, largely, and very acceptably, to brief comments on
which might have so great an influence for nobility just enough passing reference to the changing
books and writers and the high themes of life, with
and beauty in forming American manhood, are
actually always too near exhibitionary gladiatorial year to render the four division-headings not too
professionalism, and tend to vulgarize and brutalize
meaningless. Like many idealists who lead an
their students.” The lesson of the book, it is need-
existence insufficiently rich in mundane interests
and
less to add, is taught with a richness and poetic
engrossments — domestic, social, civic, and
charm of style that make each successive chapter a
commercial
this author has apparently failed to
new delight. Philosophy has been defined as poetry bring the ideal and the real into any tolerable modus
addressed to the understanding, just as poetry has
vivendi. While he well says that “idealism
been called philosophy addressed to the emotions.
is the fulcrum, the only fulcrum, with which an
Mr. Carman's book is both philosophy and poetry,
Archimedean spirit can move, and lift, the human
and its appeal is twofold.
race,” he is constrained to believe that “poets and
philosophers and dreamers must keep steadily at
6 Who's Who in America ” ha their task, ‘weaving by night and day the magic
Who Ist's? reached its fifth biennial issue, and web,' and never turning to watch in the bald and
is thicker and more useful than ever. bare realities of life the replica of the fairy images
As compared with the first issue, the present one wrought by the spell of imagination in the mirror
has three times the number of pages and nearly of their own fancies.” He does not hesitate to
twice the number of biographies. It now gives us, assert that “the world has become hopelessly and
in its twenty-four hundred closely printed pages, irredeemably vulgar," that “the spirit of evil is
the essential facts about more than sixteen thousand everywhere,” and that “every poet who turns away
living Americans. An important feature, now for from his magic mirror and stares boldly at the
now


1908.]
315
THE DIAL
realities of human existence becomes a confirmed
In selecting Juan Ponce de Leon as
A re-telling of
pessimist." These are strong statements. But, the romance of the subject of one of his volumes in
surely, while there are in the world books like
Ponce de Leon.
the series of “Heroes of American
“Parerga” and writers like the Canon of Cloyne, History” (Harper), Mr. Frederick A. Ober assumed
that world is not quite “hopelessly and irredeemably the task of writing a biography with very slender
vulgar.” Let us wish for him that some day he materials at command, and this has necessitated the
may encounter some soul-stirring (perhaps even resort to padding, though the book be still a small
some heart-breaking) experience of reality to dissi one. The author's familiarity with the West Indies
pate these vapors.
An attractive feature of the has come to his assistance, and he has eked out the
volume is its occasional appreciative comment on few well-known incidents of Juan Ponce's career by
Shakespeare ; but even in the midst of this the a more detailed account of that sturdy conquistador's
author pulls himself up to ask, “What is it that exploitation of the Island of Porto Rico. He further-
repels me in Shakespeare ?" and he continues : “I more finds occasion to correct some widespread but
admit all his intellectual vastness and greatness. He erroneous popular impressions regarding Juan Ponce
stands alone; or Dante alone may stand unabashed de Leon. He was not an old man to whom the
by his side. Yet I cannot read him with pleasure, Fountain of Perpetual Youth was an especial desid-
but always as a study. And I cannot read him for eratum when he set out in search of the Island of
profit, even though he has my fullest meed of admir. Bimini, being then but fifty-three years of age; nor
ation.” One “valid reason » for this he thinks to was the Fountain of Youth the chief object of his
be that Shakespeare's plays
were written for the search. Like all the adventurers of his time, he was
stage, not for the closet; for the glare of footlights, seeking gold, and slaves to work the mines. Mr.
not for the student's lamp.” Such a mixture of Ober clearly shows, also, that the year which saw
critical appreciation and temperamental aversion Juan Ponce on the shores of Florida was not 1512,
has rarely been brought to the study of Shakespeare as is usually stated, but the one following. The book
as manifests itself, again and again, in Canon is an entertaining one, and a contribution, in its way,
Sheehan's pages. For this and other reasons the to historical literature.
book is far from being commonplace or dull.
Napoleon's Those who have followed the con-
dream of an
Mr. John R. Spears, who has already invasion of
troversy about Napoleon's plan to
The historian of
England.
the U. 8. Navy. given to the public a, history of the
invade England, in 1804 or 1805,
Navy in five volumes and an abridg- will pick up Mr. Fernand Nicolay's “Napoleon at
ment of it in one volume, now presents a third work the Boulogne Camp" (Lane) with the expectation
on the same subject in a single volume (Scribner). of finding a solution of the problems involved. They
The new book is more than an abridgment of the will discover, instead, the results of the zealous but
larger work or an amplification of the smaller one, for rambling researches of a local antiquary, whose
it is based in part upon a new reading of the sources. original interest in the matter sprang from the family
The author says in his preface that he “has been ownership of the exact spot on the Plateau d'Ordre
animated by a desire to tell, in one convenient vol where stood the pavilions of Napoleon and of his
ume that might be sold at a moderate price, the admiral, Bruix. Mr. Nicolay tells diverting tales
whole story of our navy,
to describe all the import of almost every phase of the camp life at Boulogne.
ant battles, and to show how the nation has been He describes the camp in detail, the flotilla, the
affected at certain times by the work of its naval training of the soldiers, and the incidents that
ships and at other times by the want of such a force.” enlivened the long months of waiting, including even
He has fairly succeeded in accomplishing his object the performances of the Paris Vaudeville company
as set forth in these words ; he has written a popular and the choral songs of the soldiers. In the final
history of our navy, convenient in size, plain and chapter he attempts to review the evidence in regard
straightforward in style, and generally accurate as to the project for crossing the Channel, as late as
to facts. At times his judgment is immoderate, — August, 1805. For a task of this sort the author
as, for instance, when he says that Lawrence was seems unfitted, for he gives more credence to the
“first on the list of foolhardy” (p. 102); that New
random and inexact recollections of Constant than
England in June, 1812, was full of traitors (p. 86); to the results of the researches of Desbrière, based
and that the battle between the “Constitution” and upon official papers preserved in the Archives of
the “Guerrière"saved the navy and the nation (p. 87).
War and Marine.
Some fault might also be found with the author's
To write a life of Queen Victoria that
arrangement of his materials.
There seems to be
The greatest of, shall not take the form of a glowing
English queens."
no good reason why a chapter on the origin of the
eulogy seems to be an impossible, as
War of 1812 should precede one on the war with it may also be an undesirable, achievement. Mr.
Tripoli, 1801-1805; or why the engagement between Frank Hird, in his « Victoria the Woman"
the “ President” and “Little Belt," 1811, should (Appleton), has certainly not produced a coldly
come after the principal fights of the year 1812. impartial or unsympathetic biography. He emphat-
But these are minor defects in a generally creditable ically calls her the greatest of the English queens”
and useful book.
and, what is more, "the simplest, the kindest, the


316
[May 16,
THE DIAL
99
purest, the most single-minded of women.” The « French Song and Verse for Children,” edited by
purpose of the book, as he explains in the preface, Miss Helen Terry, and published by the Messrs. Long-
is “to place before my readers in America, where
mans, is a little book that may be recommended for both
the Queen was reverenced and so deeply admired,
school and home use. The contents range all the way
some impression of the influences that affected her
from nursery jingles to bits of such classical poets as
Malherbe, La Fontaine, and Hugo.
early environment, some suggestion of the circum-
stances that affected her later years.
I have
A new edition of “ An Art Guide to Painting in Italy,"
endeavored to show the Queen as a daughter, a
being Jacob Burckhardt's “Cicerone,” translated by Mrs.
A. H. Clough, is published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's
wife, a woman, a mother, a friend, and a sovereign, Sons. Half a century of use has not staled this work,
and wherever it has been possible I have made use which is still one of the most compact and trustworthy
of the Queen's own words, as it is in her letters and guides available for the purposes of the student of art.
her diaries that her character, in all its charm of The De Vinne Press announces that it has taken over
simplicity and naturalness, its warm affection, its the entire business and plant of the firm of Theo. L.
impartiality of opinion, its instinctive understanding, De Vinne & Co., the well-known printing firm of New
its ever-ready sympathy, and true womanliness,
York. This change will in no wise affect the policy of
fully reveals itself. Some of the letters have never
the house. The members of the old firm and the heads
before been published.” In four hundred clearly
of departments are to continue with the new company.
printed pages, with a sufficiency of good illustrations,
Three Spanish texts just published by Messrs. D. C.
the growth of the Queen's character is traced, with
Heath & Co. are as follows: "Spanish Composition,'
a considerable introduction of current history and
by Mr. Alfred Remy; “ El Trovador" (the original of
politics. Nothing very new or very original was to
Verdi's opera) by Antonio Garcia Gutierrez, edited by
Dr. H. H. Vaughan; and “Lo Positivo,” by Tamayo y
be expected in such a study of so well-known a per-
Baus, edited by Messrs. Philip Harry and Alfonso de
sonage ; but a serviceable and readable book has
Salvio.
been produced, and for those who do not and cannot “Three Tragedies of Seneca" (the “Hercules Furens,"
own the voluminous and expensive « Letters” this “ Troades,” and “Medea ") are edited, with an elaborate
volume, with its copious extracts from those letters introduction and many notes, by Professor H. M.
and from the diaries, should serve as a welcome Kingery, and published in a neat volume by The Mac-
substitute.
millan Co. From Messrs. B. H. Sanborn & Co. we have
“ An Elementary Latin Course," by Professor Franklin
Hazen Potter. .
NOTES.
Messrs. Harper & Brothers publish a new edition of
Dr. W. E. Griffis's condensation of Motley's “ History of
“ Art in Needlework,” being a book about embroidery the Dutch Republic,” to which is appended Dr. Griffis's
by Mr. Lewis F. Day and Miss Mary Buckle, is sent own history of the Dutch nation from the point where
us in its third enlarged edition by Messrs. Charles Motley left off to the present time. The two sections
Scribner's Sons.
of the work are necessarily upon different scales, but a
A second edition, revised and augmented, of Mr. J. E. more useful single-volume treatment of Dutch history
Spingarn’s “ A History of Literary Criticism in the is hardly to be found.
Renaissance" is now published by the Messrs. Macmillan After nearly a year in temporary quarters, The
at the Columbia University Press.
Macmillan Company has just returned to its enlarged
That standard biography, the “Life and Letters of and remodeled building at 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New
Robert Browning,” by Mrs. Sutherland Orr, revised and York. The additions have more than doubled the floor
in part re-written by Mr. Frederic G. Kenyon, is pub space of the old building, and the company now occupies
lished by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
what is said to be the largest and most thoroughly
Early in June The Century Co. will publish a new equipped building in America devoted exclusively to a
novel by a new author, “ The Post-Girl” by Edward C. general book publishing business.
Booth. It is a romance of a musician and a charming Miss Kate Sanborn's unique and interesting book on
girl, with a bit of mystery about her family, set in the “Old-Time Wall Papers,” originally published some two
Yorkshire country.
years ago by The Literary Collector Press of New York
Mr. Bliss Perry's “Walt Whitman: His Life and (and reviewed in The Dial for July 16, 1906), is now
Work,” which is about the sanest and most judicious reissued with the imprint of Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
life of the poet thus far produced, has been revised by As the only book on the subject of the old-fashioned pic-
the author in several important particulars, and is now torial wall-papers, many of which are reproduced in the
republished by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. original colors, it will be highly valued by those interested
“ The Shakespeare Apocrypha," a collection of four in Colonial furnishings.
teen plays which have been ascribed to Shakespeare, The “Who's Who?” idea is spreading into special
will be published this month by the Oxford University channels, as is just now evidenced by the publication of
Press. The volume has been edited, with introduction, “Who Is Who in Insurance," a year-book of biographies
notes, and bibliography, by Mr. C. F. Tucker Brooke. and miscellaneous matter, issued by the Singer Co., New
Mr. John Lane publishes a volume devoted to the life York. The biographies fill about half of the stout vol-
and works of Claude-Achille Debussy in the series of ume, number nearly twenty-six hundred, and represent
“ Living Masters of Music.” It is the work of Mrs. over a score of countries, for the work is international
Franz Liebich, and has a fine portrait, two other plates, in its scope. It seems to be put forth partly as a har-
and numerous examples of the composer's work in musi binger of an “International Insurance Encyclopedia,” to
cal notation.
fill six volumes, and to be issued by the same firm.
-


1908.]
317
THE DIAL
..
Messrs. Duffield & Co., having purchased the publi-
cation rights of all Mrs. Elinor Glyn's writings so far
issued in America, have lost no time in bringing out new
editions of the three novels that came between “ The
Visits of Elizabeth "and « Three Weeks,” and of “The
Damsel and the Sage,” a collection of epigrams con-
nected by a slender thread of narrative. The titles of
the novels are “ Beyond the Rocks," “ The Reflections
of Ambrosine,” and “The Vicissitudes of Evangeline.”
The same publishers announce a new novel by Mrs.
Glyn,— “ Elizabeth Visits America,” – to be ready in
the Fall.
The fifteenth annual edition of “ The Corporation
Manual” is now at hand, and may be obtained from
Messrs. Callaghan & Co., Chicago. It is a volume of
nearly two thousand pages, being about fifty per cent
larger than the preceding issue. The statutory provisions
of each State are given in condensed and conveniently
classified form, besides the full text of the statutes,
supplemented by explanatory notes and cases. The
anti-trust laws of all the States are also given in full.
The series of corporate forms, which fills an important
section of the work, provides models for every kind of
corporate transaction. The work is, of course, indispen-
sable to lawyers, and will be found useful for reference
by all persons who are in any way connected with cor-
porations, either as officers or stockholders.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The New American Type, and Other Essays. By Henry
D. Sedgwick. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 341. Houghton,
Mimin & Co. $1.50 net.
The Diary of a Looker-on. By C. Lewis Hind. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 335. John Lane Co. $2. net.
Critical Engays of the Seventeenth Century. Edited by
J. E. Spingarn. Vols. I. and II., 1605-1685. 12mo, uncut.
Oxford University Press. Per vol., $1.75 net.
Tragedy. By Ashley H. Thorndike. 12mo. pp. 390. Types
of English Literature.” Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50 net.
French Novelists of Today. By Winifred Stephens. With
frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 314. John Lane Co.
$1.50 net.
Italica: Studies in Italian Life and Letters. By William
Roscoe Thayer. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 364. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.50 net.
Horace: Quintus Horatius Flaccus: The Roman Poet
Presented to Modern Readers. Edited by Charles Loomis
Dana and John Cotton Dana. Illus. in tint, 8vo, pp. 204.
Woodstock, Vt.: The Elm Tree Press.
In Greece with the Classics. By William Amory Gardner.
With frontispiece in photogravure, 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 301. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50 net.
The Damsel and the Sage. By Elinor Glyn. New edition ;
8vo, gilt top, pp. 82. Duffield & Co.
Things Worth While. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson.
16mo, uncut, pp. 74. "The Art of Life Series." New York:
B. W. Huebsch. 50 cts. net.
The Duty of Being Beautiful. By Sara A. Hubbard. 12mo,
pp. 63. A. C. McClurg & Co. 50 cts. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
To the End of the Trail. By Richard Hovey; edited by Mrs.
Richard Hovey. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 148. Duffield &
Co. $1.25 net.
Voices and Visions. By Clinton Scollard. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 111. Boston: Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 85 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of Alice Freeman Palmer. By George Herbert
Palmer. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 354. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50 net.
Andrew Ellicott: His Life and Letters. By Catherine Van
Cortlandt Mathews. Limited edition ; illus., 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 256. New York: Grafton Press. $2.50 net.
The Royal Library. New vols.: Cleopatra, her Life and
Reign, by Désiré de Bernáth; Madame de Pompadour, trans.
from the French of J. B. H. R. Capefique. Each uncut.
London: Arthur L. Humphreys. Paper.
Seventeenth Century Men of Latitude: Forerunners of
the New Theology. By Edward Augustus George. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 199. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Life and Letters of Robert Browning. By Mrs. Sutherland
Orr; revised by Frederic G. Kenyon. New revised edition;
with portraits in photogravure, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 431.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2. net.
Moncure Daniel Conway: Freethinker and Humanitarian.
By Edwin C. Walker. 12mo, pp. 55. New York: Edwin C.
Walker. Paper, 15 cts. net.
HISTORY.
Danton and the French Revolution. By Charles F. War-
wick. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 467. George W. Jacobs
& Co. $2.50 net.
A History of the Peninsular War. By Charles Oman. Vol.
III., Sept., 1809-Dec., 1810. With maps and illustrations in
photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 568. Oxford
University Press. $4.75 net.
Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 476-1250. By William
Stubbs; edited by Arthur Hassall. With maps, 8vo, uncut,
pp. 254. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2. net.
The Indian Captive; or, a Narrative of the Captivity and
Sufferings of Zadock Steele, Related by Himself; to Which
is Prefixed an Account of the Burning of Royalton. Limited
edition, in exact reprint of original; with frontispiece, 8vo,
pp. 165. Springfield, Mass.: H. R. Huntting Co. $2.50 net.
Invitation Serieuse aux Habitants des Illinois. By Un
Habitant des Kaskaskias, with Introduction by Clarence
Walworth Alvord and Clarence Edwin Carter. Facsimile of
original edition of 1772; 8vo, uncut, pp. 53. Providence, R. I.:
Club for Colonial Reprints.
FIOTION.
Mr. Orewe's Career. By Winston Churchill. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 498. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Rose MacLeod. By Alice Brown. With frontispiece, 12mo,
pp. 407. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
The Breaking In of a Yachtsman's Wife. By Mary Heaton
Vorse. Illus., 12mo, pp. 276. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
The Avenger. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illus., 12mo, pp. 297.
Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Duchess of Dreams. By Edith MacVane. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, pp. 308. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Adventures of Charles Edward. By Harrison Rhodes.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 289. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Intoxicated Ghost and Other Stories. By Arlo Bates.
12mo, pp. 305. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50.
The Master Influence. By Thomas McKean. Illus. in color,
12mo, pp. 308. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Zollenstein. By W. B. M. Ferguson. With frontispiece, 12mo,
pp. 350. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
In the Dead of Night. By John T. McIntyre. Illus. in color,
etc., 12mo. pp. 293. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Five Knots. By Fred M. White. Illus., 12mo, pp. 340.
Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
A Comedy of Mammon. By Ina Garvey. Illus., 12mo, pp. 322.
Dana Estes & Co. $1.50.
Labor or the Money-God: Which? By Charles Felton
Pidgin. 12mo, pp. 232. Boston: Mayhew Publishing Co.
Beyond the Rocks. By Elinor Glyn. New edition ; 12mo,
pp. 327. Duffield & Co. $1.50.
The Reflections of Ambrosine. By Elinor Glyn. New edi.
tion; with frontispiece in color, 12mo, pp. 310. Duffield &
Co. $1.50.
The Vicissitudes of Evangeline. By Elinor Glyn. New
edition; with frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 291. Duffield & Co. $1.50.
The Master of the Inn. By Robert Herrick. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 84. Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
In and Around the Isle of Purbeck. By Ida Woodward;
illus. in color by John W. G. Bond. Large 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 237. John Lane Co. $6. net.
The Soul of Spain. By Havelock Ellis. With frontispiece in
photogravure, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 420. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $2. net.


318
[May 16,
THE DIAL
EDUCATION.
Which College for the Boy P By John Corbin. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 274. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50 net.
Oxford Higher French Series. New vols.: Pages Choisies
de Auguste Angellier, edited by Émile Legouis; Théophile
Gautier's España and Emaux et Camées, edited by C.
Edmund Delbos ; Sainte-Beuve's Trois Portraits Littéraires,
edited by D. L. Savory. Each with portrait, 16mo. Oxford
University Press.
An Elementary Latin Course. By Franklin Hazen Potter.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 392. Benjamin H. Sanborn & Co.
English Composition. By Charles Lane Hanson. 12mo,
pp. 241. Ginn & Co. 80 cts. net.
Elementary Algebra. By J. W. A. Young and Lambert L.
Jackson. 12mo, pp. 438. D. Appleton & Co.
Ratsmädelgeschichten. By Helene Böhlau; edited, with
vocabulary, by Emma Haevernick. 16mo, pp. 150. D. C.
Heath & Co. 40 cts. net.
..
My Alpine Jubilee. By Frederic Harrison. With portrait in
photogravure, 12mo, pp. 141. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
From Pekin to Sikkim through the Ordos, the Gobi Desert,
and Tibet. By Count de Lesdain. With maps and illustra-
tions in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 301.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. net.
Lands of Summer : Sketches in Italy, Sicily, and Greece. By
J. R. Sullivan. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 249.
Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50 net.
The Pleasant Land of France. By Rowland E. Prothero.
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 359. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50 net.
ART AND MUSIC.
Hubert and Jan Van Eyck: Their Life and Work. By W. H.
James Weale. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 219. John Lane Co. $30. net.
Fifty Years of Modern Painting : Corot to Sargent. By J. E.
Pythian. Illus. in color, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 391.
E.P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
Rembrandt, Harmensz van Rijn: A Memorial of his Tercen.
tenary. By Émile Michel. Illus. in photogravure and tint,
large 8vo, pp. 118. John Lane Co. $5. net.
old Time Wall Papers : An Account of the Pictorial Papers
on Our Forefathers' Walls, With a Study of the Historical
Development of Wall Paper Making and Decoration. By
Kate Sanborn. New edition; illus. in color, etc., large 8vo,
pp. 116. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5. net.
God and Music. By John Harrington Edwards. New edition;
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 318. Baker & Taylor Co. $1.25 net.
NATURE.
North Amerioan Trees : Descriptions and Illustrations of
the Trees Growing Independently of Cultivation in North
America, North of Mexico and the West Indies. By Nathaniel
Lord Britton and John Adolph Schafer. Illus., large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 894. American Nature Series.” Henry
Holt & Co. $7. net.
The Gardens of England in the Southern and Western Coun-
ties. Edited by Charles Holme. Illus. in color, etc., large
8vo, uncut, pp. 143. John Lane Co. $3. net.
The Bird Our Brother. By Olive Thorne Miller. 12mo, pp. 331
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25 net.
Wild Flower Families : The Haunts, Characters, and Family
Relationships of the Herbaceous Wild Flowers, with Sug-
gestions for their Identification. By Clarence M. Weed.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 244. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
Favorite Fish and Fishing. By James A. Henshall. Illus.,
12mo, uncut, pp. 192. Outing Publishing Co. $1.25 net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Talks on Religion: A Collective Inquiry. By Henry Bedinger
Mitchell. 12mo, pp. 325. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50 net.
The Religion of a Democrat. By Charles Zueblin. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 192. New York: B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
An Open Letter to Cardinal Gibbons Apropos of His
Interview on the Separation of Church and State in France.
By Paul Sabatier; trans. by John Richard Slattery. 12mo,
pp. 88. Boston: Sherman, French & Co. 60 cts. net.
POLITICS. - ECONOMICS.- SOCIOLOGY.
The Passing of Morocco. By Frederick Moore. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 189. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50 net.
The Money God: Chapters of Heresy and Dissent Concerning
Business Methods and Mercenary Ideals in American Life.
By John C. Van Dyke. 12mo, pp. 169. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1. net.
Railroad Reorganization. By Stuart Daggett. 8vo, pp. 402.
Harvard Economic Studies." Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
$2. net.
The Law of the Federal and State Constitutions of the
United States, with an Historical Study of their Principles,
a Chronological Table of English Social Legislation, and a
Comparative Digest of the State Constitutions. By Frederic
Jesup Stimson. 8vo, pp. 386. Boston Book Co. $3.50 net.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Harper's Indoor Books for Boys. By Joseph H. Adams.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 384. Harper & Brothers. $1.75.
The Garden Book for Young People. By Alice Lounsberry.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 290. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50 net.
The Battle for the Pacific and Other Adventures at Sea. By
Rowan Stevens, Yates Stirling, Jr., William J. Henderson,
G. E. Walsh, Kirk Munroe, F. H. Spearman and Others.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 286. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
John and Sebastian Cabot. By Frederick A. Ober. IUus.,
12mo, pp. 300. Heroes of American History." Harper &
Brothers. $1. net.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Essays Philosophical and Psychological: In Honor of
William James. By his Colleagnes at Columbia University.
With portrait in photogravure; 8vo, uncut, pp. 610. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $3. net.
The So-Called Peters-Hlprecht Controversy : Part I.,
Proceedings of the Committee Appointed by the Trustees of
the University of Pennsylvania ; Part II., Supplemental
Documents, Evidence, and Statement. Submitted to the
public by H. V. Hilprecht. 8vo, pp. 355. Philadelphia: A.J.
Holman & Co.
Messages to Mothers : A Protest Against Artificial Methods.
By Herman Partsch. With frontispiece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 167.
Paul Elder & Co. $1.50 net.
Weather and Weather Instruments. 12mo,pp. 175. Roches-
ter, N. Y.: Taylor Instrument Co. $1. net.
Antiquities of the Upper Glla and Salt River Valleys in
Arizona and New Mexico. By Walter Hough. Illus., Svo,
pp. 96. Bulletin of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Insti-
tution. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Scientific Nutrition Simplified: A Condensed Statement
and Explanation of the Discoveries of Chittenden, Fletcher,
and Others. By Goodwin Brown. 16mo, pp. 200. Frederick
A. Stokes Co. 75 cts. net.
Health and Happiness; or, An Analogical Study of Disease
and Sin. By Robert Maxwell Harbin. 12mo, pp. 184.
Philadelphia: Griffith & Rowland Press. 90 cts. net.
Home Gymnastics According to the Ling System. By Anders
Wide. Revised edition; 12mo, pp. 69. Funk & Wagnalls Co.
50 cts. net.
66
THE
Mosher
Books
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
A Bibliography of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Compiled by
George Willis Cooke. Limited edition; with portrait in
photogravure, 8vo, uncut, pp. 340. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
$5. net.
The Corporation Manual and Cyclopedia of Corporation
Forms and Precedents. Edited by John S. Parker. Fifteenth
annual edition, 1907-1908; large 8vo, pp. 1816. New York:
Corporation Manual Co. $6.50 net.
Who is Who in Insurance : An International Biographical
Dictionary and Year-book. Large 8yo, pp. 730. New York:
Singer Co. $5. net.
The Mosher Books are
sold by most good book-
sellers, but if your's do
not keep them my latest
Catalogue will put you
in touch with these edi-
tions. Catalogue for
1907-8 free on request.
Mention THE DIAL
THOMAS B.MOSHER
PORTLAND, MAINE
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tion of genu-
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1908.]
319
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