of. The entire text and all of the illustrations are retained in the present reprint. Mr. E. K. Chambers, one of the foremost Shake- spearian scholars of England, has now completed his edi- tion of Shakespeare, a task of ten years. The H. M. Cald- well Company have secured the American rights of this “Red Letter Edition," as it is called, and will issue it at once in thirty-nine dainty pocket volumes. An ex- cellent feature, both useful and ornamental, of this edition is that the names of the characters are printed in full in red-lettering, so that the reader is spared the task of deciphering clumsy abbreviations. To each play Mr. Chambers has contributed an introduction. The latest volume of Bohn's Library (Bell-Macmillan) consists of More’s “Utopia” in the contemporary trans- lation of Ralph Robinson, with Roper's Life of More and a selection from his letters. The text, edited by Mr. George Şampson, is practically identical with that of the folio reprint in the “Chiswick Library of Noble Authors,” issued in 1903. To the present edition a rather trite introduction is contributed by Mr. A. Guth- kelch, who also supplies a useful bibliography. The Latin text of the first edition is given in an appendix. Like all of Messrs. Bell's publications, the volume is very attractively produced. Our ambassadors to England have usually been men who could represent worthily the best of America, and it has been taken as an important part of their duty to interpret their country to Englishmen. Mr. Choate went to England with a fine reputation as a graceful and eloquent speaker, and was called on to speak on many important occasions. The addresses that he gave are now collected under the title “ Abraham Lincoln, and Other Addresses in England” (Century Co.). The address on Lincoln is already on the way to become a classic, both for substance and for form. The addresses on Franklin and Hamilton, and on the Supreme Court, accomplish the writer's purpose of making the people of another country acquainted in a general way with those great Americans and with our greatest political inven- tion. There are eleven papers in all; besides those named, those on Emerson, Education in America, and other subjects, are slighter in structure, well adapted to the occasions when they were given, but hardly of per- manent value. G 340 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. November, 1910. Reconstruction Period, Diary of -X. Gideon Welles. Atlantic. San Francisco. Experiences in. Yoshio Markino. McClure. Scientific Farming, Progress of. H. R. Davis. World To-day. Sea-Gate of the Continent. The. C. M. Keys. World's Work. Sermons, The Seven Worst. W. A. Smith. Atlantic. Shakespeare's Heroines. Ellen Terry. McClure. Short, Frank, Mezzotints of. M. C. Salaman. Int. Studio. Social Life in London, My. Goldwin Smith. Allantic. Stenciling with Acid. 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Send for descriptive Price List. 105 W. 40th Street NEW YORK CITY JACQUES REICH 105 W. 40th Street - 11) THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage A PROPHET OF RIGHTEOUSNESS. prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreig and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or The great preacher and even greater citizen by erpress or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current whose half-century of life was ended half a cen- number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription tury ago is commemorated during the present is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- munications should be addressed to week by exercises held in Chicago, enlisting the THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. services of leaders of religious and secular Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. thought gathered from far and wide to honor a great spiritual force. If ever a man deserved No. 586. NOVEMBER 16, 1910. Vol. XLIX. well of his fellows, it was Theodore Parker, CONTENTS. whose strong and noble personality shines in an ever clearer light as the age in which he lived A PROPHET OF RIGHTEOUSNESS 361 and labored recedes from our view. The pre- THE CENTENARY OF MUSSET. Lewis Piaget sent celebration is significant of several things. Shanks. 363 CASUAL COMMENT 366 It betokens the posthumous reward of which a The eleven new admissions to the Hall of Fame. good man is assured however prejudice may The classics in the slums.- Library science and withhold it during his lifetime. It shows the bibliography in Italy.- Freaks of literary censor- ship. — The achievement of a Yankee printer.- The softening of old animosities under the healing California conception of library news. - The arrested influence of the years. It indicates the widen- flight of a sonneteer. — Count Tolstoy's latest liter- ary work. - Fatty degeneration in our English prose ing of the thoughts of men with the process of style. – A chilly comment on Commander Peary.- the suns and the slow but sure advance of The disposal of the library at Stormfield. - South- ern California for the next A. L. A.-The latest liberalism in the sphere of religious discussion. thing in cryptograms. — The ramifications of the The work of such men is like the ministry of college curriculum. the Red Cross upon the battle-field, forecasting COMMUNICATIONS . 369 The "Return to Macaulay." F. H. Hodder. the transition of the world from the age in which Till Eulenspiegel on Aviation. Roy Temple House. warfare is possible to the age in which smiling A Foot-note to “Vanity Fair.” Sara Andrew Shafer. harvests shall enter into lasting possession of MODJESKA IN POLAND AND AMERICA. Percy F. Bicknell 370 the erst ensanguined meadows. Incidentally, A NEW THING IN HISTORICAL WRITING. the fact that Chicago rather than Boston is the Charles Leonard Moore 372 place in which Parker's memory is this week AN ENGLISH TREATMENT OF GERMAN RO chiefly honored is highly significant, denoting MANTICISM. Allen Wilson Porterfield 374 as it does the occupancy by the idealism which TALKS ON CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT. he preached of what was to him only a frontier Paul Shorey. 375 outpost of the national civilization. PRESIDENT POLK. Ephraim Douglass Adams . 376 Prejudice dies hard, and the bitterness with A GUIDE-BOOK TO FICTION. Henry Seidel Canby 380 which Parker was assailed while he lived still RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 381 Bennett's Clayhanger.— Bennett's Helen with the finds an occasional echo. The invitation to join High Hand. – Bindloss's Masters of the Wheat in the celebration sent to such as might pre- Lands. — Gilson's The Refugee. – Booth's The Doctor's Lass. — Thurston's The Greatest Wish in sumably wish to coöperate elicited a curious the World.- Oppenheim's The Lost Ambassador. variety of responses. About fifteen per cent Mason's At the Villa Rose.—“Maarten Maartens'" of the whole number invited replied with an Harmen Pols. — Potter's The Lady of the Spur. - London's Burning Daylight. uncompromising “ No.” The others expressed BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 384 approval with varying degrees of cordiality, A sane view of mediums and spirits.-Essays, jocund ranging from unqualified enthusiasm to very and whimsical.—The charm and mystery of Music.- Impressions of an undeveloped commonwealth.- reserved and guarded forms of acceptance. One The note-book of an old-school lawyer of Massachu clergyman wrote: “ The world owes a vast debt setts. — The feminine side of Venetian life under to Theodore Parker. He was the prophet of the Doges. - In the_by-ways of psychology and medicine. — A new "Religio Medici." everything large and catholic and beautiful in BRIEFER MENTION 387 the religious consciousness and life. He richly NOTES. . 388 deserves our reverence and love." But another LIST OF NEW BOOKS . 389 member of the clerical profession (evidently . . 362 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL But we turning one eye in thought upon the congrega- Berkeley a very fountain-head of wisdom. For tion) wrote: “I would be misunderstood if I Parker always went straight to the point. “I should sign the call. Kindly excuse me, and have preached against intemperance, showing allow me to attend as many sessions as I may the monstrous evil of drunkeness, the material be able when the meetings are held.” Between and moral ruin it works so widely. My first these two expressions of opinion there is a con offence in preaching came when I first spoke on siderable difference, but a still wider gulf exists the misery occasioned by this ghastly vice. The between either of them and the following truly victims of it sat before me, and were in great “ moss-back” clerical utterance : “My convic wrath; they never forgave me.' And so it was tion is that the world would be better off if with the sin of covetousness, and the tyranny Theodore Parker had never lived nor written. of the rich over the poor, and the lack of in- His denial of the fundamentals of historic spiring ideals in education, and the subjection Christianity has, in my judgment, been a curse of women, and the exaltation of law above to New England, and all who have been in- justice, and the worship of political idols with fluenced by it. While New England has grown feet of clay, and the wickedness of war, and the in head, it has decayed at heart, through the infamy of slavery, that “ sum of all villainies,” influence of leaders like Theodore Parker.” and the errors of the ecclesiastical theology, Such words as these, which the prodigious Cot " the most fatal mischiefs in the land.” These ton Mather would feelingly endorse, could he matters are in their nature contentious, and revisit the glimpses of the moon and learn the their discussion in the light of truth and reason degenerate doctrines now preached in his own during the forties and fifties was a braver pulpit, show that the missionary opportunities thing than it would be now. But Parker never of liberalism are still considerable. shrank from what he believed to be his duty as are not sure that we are not more in sympathy a spiritual leader, and while angry passions rose with this attitude than with that of the man and surged about him, held steadily to his who, for the sake of appearances, would rather course. It is for this forthright manliness and not stand up and be counted. sincerity that we honor him to-day, and realize The student who delights in historical paral how much he helped in the crusade against the lels will find it interesting to compare the cases evils which chiefly enlisted his voice and pen. of Theodore Parker and Thomas Paine. Both We have called Parker a prophet of right- professed substantially the same form of Unit eousness, for in that character he may now arian belief; both boldly proclaimed the Rights clearly be viewed. clearly be viewed. We hear much mouthing of Man and served (like Heine) as valiant sol about righteousness in our own day — and in diers in the War of Liberation; both incurred one notable instance — but what lip-service it that odium theologicum which holds no slander often appears when we attempt to square it with too vile, and no weapon too base, to direct the practice of those who preach it! In Parker's against the assailants of the citadel of orthodoxy. case there was no such antagonism between And both now have their meed of honor, tardily thought and act, and his life was the exemplifi- bestowed and not yet in full measure, as patriots cation of his creed. cation of his creed. He not only declaimed and thinkers who lived before the time was against intemperance and corrupt politics and ripe for them, who knew ingratitude and mis evil social conditions, but he was an active representation and calumny, and who gladly worker in the cause of reform. He was not suffered these things for the faith that was theirs. content to inveigh against slavery from the It has taken a long while for the mists to clear pulpit, but when occasion offered he aided with away from their figures, and for their com his own arm in the rescue of the fugitive slave. manding stature to become fully revealed. And he was a prophet because the eternal That fine old specimen of the crusted Tory, verities were apparent to him. In every cause Governor Berkeley of Virginia, complained of for which he wrought, time has shown more and those among the clergy who indulged in the more distinctly that his judgment was sound pernicious practice of applying their pulpit and his vision clear; the path of progress has teachings to practical affairs and questions of been ever since, and still remains, in almost the day. His advice to them was that they every case that which he indicated to a stubborn should pray more and preach less. The New and incredulous public. A bare twelvemonth Englanders who found their consciences un before his death, he could make the proud boast comfortably troubled by Theodore Parker's that a subsequent half-century has amply justi- exhortations would have thought Governor fied : “ In the last dozen years, I think scarcely 1910.] THE DIAL 363 any American, not holding a political office, has THE CENTENARY OF MUSSET.* touched the minds of so many men, by freely speaking on matters of the greatest importance, All the dreams of French Romanticism are re- for this day and for ages to come. I am sure for the called by the centenary of Alfred de Musset; I have uttered great truths, and such are never life of this poet might be said to typify the history of the Romantic School. Never did the genius of spoken in vain." “Young France” come to such a sudden flowering In his discourse upon the life of Webster, as in 1830; and this spirit of youth Musset person- Parker said: “ The two chief forms of American ifies in all its vivid brevity. A nervous, precociously action are Business and Politics,—the commer brilliant boy, he recited his first verses, at seventeen, cial and the political form. The two humbler in the salon of Charles Nodier; and the long-haired forms of our activity, the Church and the Romanticists petted and spoiled the youth, uncon- Press, the ecclesiastic and the literary form, - scious that he was to become their enfant terrible. are subservient to the others.” When near the Famous at twenty, Musset lived the life of a dandy, end of his days, he amplified this statement as dividing his time between society, his café, and the follows: writing of Byronic verses. A gay young Epicurean, he remained heart-whole and fancy-free until he 1. There is the organized trading power — having met George Sand, in his twenty-second year. How its home in the great towns, which seeks gain with he fell in love with that passionate Egeria, eight small regard to that large justice which represents alike the mutual interests and duties of all men, and to that years his senior, and how his fickle muse betrayed and abandoned him within the humanity which interposes the affectional instinct when year, everyone knows conscience is asleep. This power seems to control all in this age of literary gossip; and everyone knows things, amenable only to the all-mighty dollar. how this catastrophe gave us Musset's greatest poems, 2. The organized political power, the parties in written in anguish and blotted with his tears. The office, or seeking to become so. This makes the stat permanent effects of this experience upon the poet's utes, but is commonly controlled by the trading power, character have been variously estimated, some critics and has all of its faults often intensified; yet it seems entirely absolving George Sand from blame; but amenable to the instincts of the people, who, on great however that may be, it is true that Musset never occasions, sometimes interfere and change the traders' outgrew his disillusionment. A victim of Romantic rule. ideals, we find him, at thirty, exhausted in mind and 3. The organized ecclesiastical power, the various sects which, though quite unlike, yet all mainly agree shipwrecked in morals, yet destined none the less to in their fundamental principle of vicariousness — an drag his genius for sixteen years through Paris gut- alleged revelation, instead of actual human faculties, ters, until the curtain fell upon the sordid tragedy. salvation from God's wrath and eternal ruin, by the It is not an edifying story, especially in its piti- atoning blood of crucified God. This is more able than ful ending. A veritable spoiled child, as M. Faguet either of the others; and though often despised, in a calls him, Alfred de Musset remained a spoiled child few years can control them both. In this generation to the end of his days. To a nature such as his, life no American politician dares affront it. itself could teach little or nothing. A voluptuary 4. The organized literary power, the endowed as well as a dreamer, all that he got out of his colleges, the periodical press, with its triple multitude search after happiness was a philosophy of disillu- of journals — commercial, political, theological — and sion; and his was a despair which lacked the force sectarian tracts. This has no original ideas, but diffuses the opinions of the other powers whom it represents, to take refuge in the objective world. He could not whose will it serves, whose kaleidoscope it is." cry with Candide, “Il faut cultiver notre jardin.” And so we feel that one thing was lacking to his Could anyone make a keener and truer analysis destiny – the early death which consecrates a poet than this of the America of our own day? We as dear to the gods. Why was he not taken away point to it in justification (if any be needed) of at thirty, to join the immortal company of Chatter- the present celebration of the life of Theodore ton, Keats, and Shelley? Alas for Musset, in his Parker, preacher, patriot, and prophet of right later years his poetic muse had all but left him, and eousness. A number of the eminent men who the muse of debauch rarely beguiled his pen. replied to the invitation which asked for their In a life begun under such brilliant auspices, one coöperation in the memorial exercises of this cannot but regret so sordid an ending. Yet for all week confessed that they knew next to nothing Musset takes his place in the history of French this, for all that he died at forty-six, Alfred de at first hand of Parker's work. We would like literature as the poet of Youth. It wells up in his to suggest, in closing these remarks, that the early plays and verses like the sap of April, - youth new centennial edition of his collected writings in all its exuberance, effervescent with energy, over- consists largely of matter which is by no means flowing with the restless fancies of an awakened outdated by the lapse of years, and which is still imagination and a quenchless curiosity. “One must capable of serving as a fountain of inspiration love many things in life,” cries the poet, uncon- for all generous souls. * Born December 11, 1810. 364 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL sciously paraphrasing the Italian street-song trans had imagined it, one might say, since J. J. Rousseau lated by Rossetti and Chateaubriand. The young Musset is all eager- “Il faut dans ce bas monde aimer beaucoup de choses, ness to live, to strip the tree of knowledge with Pour savoir, après tout, ce qu'on aime le mieux; both hands. He would have liked to be Don Juan, Les bonbons, l'Océan, le jeu, l'azur des cieux, as he says in his “Namouna"; and indeed he was Les femmes, les chevaux, les lauriers et les roses." All of youth's thirst for experience burns in the himself his very hero—Don Juan haunted through all his loves by an unattainable ideal. early work of Alfred de Musset. All of youth's changing moods are there—sentiment, passion, and Such is the Musset “ before George Sand.” The Musset that came after is a more tragic figure, and revolt; and, playing over all, the prankish humor the love he sings, in the splendid “Nuits” that of a young faun. Even opposites find place in its voice his passion and his despair, is now a terrible variety of moods, for in that first volume are revealed a lighter hearted Don Juan and a lesser reality. No wilful fancy of a sensuous imagination Lamartine. "En littérature on est toujours fils de is this, but love in the presence, burning with all quelqu'un "; and Byron, we must remember, lay the passionate regret of a wrecked hope and a shat- tered ideal. In “ Souvenir” we have a calmer beside Shakespeare and Schiller on the table de nuit of the French Romanticists. Musset, however, mood, love in its regret for a past idealized by time; and in the matchless stanzas to la Malibran, love never consciously imitated anyone; indeed, he did thrilled with the tragedy of death and the longing not need to. There were so many themes to weave for an immortal life. In an earthlier sense Musset into plays or poems: love and life, and all the emo- tions of youth. There were so many moods, so many might have said with Dante: “Io mi son un che, quando measures; and his lute knew them all in turn. All Amor mi spira, noto, ed a quel modo the wit and mischief of the Paris gamin bubble Che dêtta dentro, vo significando." up in the “ Ballade à la Lune”; all the fervor His is no divine Beatrice, certainly; yet none the of a boy's revolt against convention overflows in less, in many lines of his best poems he did at least “Mardoche ” and “Les Marrons du feu.” There catch a glimpse of is melancholy, too, in some of his verses; but we “L'Amor che muove il sole e l'altre stelle.” need not take it very seriously. “ It is so pleasant We have here the significance of Alfred de Musset to think oneself unhappy,” says Musset in his auto- in the poetry of France. No other poet so exalts biographical novel, “when one is only empty and love into a religion. No other poet believes in it so bored.” Lamartine, of course, had made pessimism absolutely, or celebrates the necessity of belief in fashionable, and no one could escape it in 1830 ; such an endless hymn. Let us quote his credo, as but if our young poet yielded a noment to its spell, we find it in “ La Nuit d'Août": his real attitude may be seen in his hero Rafael, “Puisque, jusqu'aux rochers tout se change en poussière ; who has rejected melancholy and "given his life to Puisque tout meurt ce soir pour revivre demain; the lazy god of Fancy.” In fact, Don Rafael is no Puisque c'est un engrais que le meurtre et la guerre other than his creator Musset, in all the pride and Puisque sur une tombe on voit sortir de terre Le brin d'herbe sacrée qui nous donne le pain; spirit of his twentieth year. Of course, all of these early poems deal with love. "O muse! que m'importe ou la mort ou la vie ? Inexperienced as yet, Musset already reveals his J'aime, et je veux pâlir; j'aime et je veux souffrir; J'aime, et pour un baiser je donne mon génie; temperament; through all the objectless passion J'aime, et je veux sentir sur ma joue amaigrie of these verses we see the disillusionment that must Ruisseler une source impossible à tarir. come. At twenty-two, his knowledge of love is “ J'aime, et je veux chanter la joie et la paresse, mainly literary; and if we turn for its sources to Ma folle expérience et mes soucis d'un jour, his favorite books, we shall find that they were the Et je veux raconter et répéter sans cesse Decameron and “Manon Lescaut,” the novels of Qu'après avoir juré de vivre sans maîtresse J'ai fait serment de vivre et de mourir d'amour. Crébillon and Louvet de Couvray. Such, alas, was Musset's early reading; and this is why our poet's · Dépouille devant tous l'orgueil qui te dévore, C@ur gonflé d'amertume et qui t'es cru fermé; ideal of love, as it appears throughout his plays Aime et tu renaîtras ; fais-toi fleur pour éclore, and poems, reveals itself as a curious mixture of Apres avoir souffert, il faut souffrir encore, Romantic aspiration and the pagan spirit of the Il faut aimer sans cesse, après avoir aimé.” Regency or of the Renaissance. “ An Italian of For the Anglo-Saxon, with his virile conception the Renaissance," M. Séché calls him; and the of life, there is a moral weakness implied in this frontispiece of Mme. Barine's biography represents idolatry of emotion; it is especially evident in the the young poet in the costume of an Italian page. second stanza. But we are not dealing here with Let us retain this phrase, admirably borne out as it Musset as a moral creature, but as a poet; and the is by Musset's preference for Italian subjects in his most severe of critics cannot deny that in this un- plays; for it becomes pregnant with meaning when divided worship lay material for splendid flights of we consider all that this pagan spirit brought him impassioned lyricism. His religion of love made later, in Dead-Sea fruit. At twenty-two, however, Musset as a poet, it made him as a playwright and we have only a boy's vague craving for passion, and a novelist; and his life-long devotion to this ideal the love of love as he imagined it - as every poet gave us a volume which in the range and depth of 1910.] 365 THE DIAL thrown away. cry: 66 its passion might almost be called the breviary of la Malibran, and with “Souvenir.” And the poet, love. The very perfume of departed youth breathes unable to readjust himself to reality, fell back into from the pages of these plays and poems, and the irony in his later verses, irony in his later verses, - an irony deepened by odor of spring-time clings to them like the scent of disappointed hopes, the residuum of disillusion and April violets. Some would object that they are hot-departed dreams. house violets, but surely that does not alter their It is a very human story after all, and the note color or spoil their delicate perfume. of bitter experience that runs through Musset's Well! we can see now why Musset was the idol plays and verse touches us, almost in spite of our- of his contemporaries; we can understand why his selves, with a sense of pity and regret for a talent admirers once outnumbered Victor Hugo's. We We have all dreamed of a fairer realize why his comedies and dramatic proverbs, in life than this is; we have all given voice to Musset's which he catches a breath of the true Shakespearian fancy, still hold their own upon the boards of the "Ah! si la réverie était toujours possible! Comédie Française. “It is not enough to be ad- Et si le sonnambule, en étendant la main, Ne trouvait pas toujours la nature inflexible mired,” he says in one of his poems, one must be Qui lui heurte le front contre un pilier d'airain.” loved too." Alfred de Musset was both admired and loved. “ The favorite poet of France," as We have all bruised our foreheads against the pil- Taine called him years ago, his popularity, tempor- lars of bronze; and most of us have learned to ac- arily obscured by the symbolists and the Banville cept the facts of life into our philosophy. Alfred de school, lies safe in the hearts of the older generar clutching at the soap-bubbles of illusion, never Musset never did. Till the end of his days he kept tion. No permanent eclipse can fall upon this singer of youth. No change of literary fashion can daunted by the drops of water he received in his overthrow a poet who, dandy of letters as he was, eager eyes. He was predestined to suffer, to suffer and to succumb. Moreover, his impressionability never wrote a line save in absolute sincerity to his mood. We wonder so often, when reading Victor made him the plaything of life. His acces de nerfs in his boyhood, of which we read in Barine, would Hugo, whether his finest flights are not merely feats of rhetorical maëstria. Not so with Musset. His be enough to explain his nature, did we need evid. vision of the poet is the pelican tearing out its heart ence to convince us of his physical unfitness for a life of self-control. For Musset's final shipwreck, to feed its young; this is his secret of truth in art: like Poe's, is implied in his character. It lies “Ah! frappe-toi le cour, c'est là qu'est le génie, revealed in the mad objectless passion of his early C'est là qu'est la pitié, la souffrance et l'amour." verses, through which the lust of life in all its ful- This advice to a fellow-poet was written in 1832, ness already burns; the wood that feeds it still several months before Musset met George Sand. green, but sending up even then such a feverish How much Musset owed to Sand, how much his art flame! He was, in fine, a Romantic epicurean ; and gained from the woman who made him suffer, has an epicurean to whom even pain was preferable to long been dinned into our ears; Mme. Sand's the tedium of stilled emotions. And if anything admirers have even said that she taught his pen more were needed to exhibit this hedonism, solely sincerity and truth. To us, perhaps, the fact might concerned with getting every emotion out of youth seem probable; the mad irony and licence of his while it lasted - donec virenti canities abest. earlier poems ring false to Anglo-Saxon ears. We may surely find it in the verses “A une Morte," prefer the sweet seriousness of the English muses; whose melody leads so wonderfully up to the almost and Byron, that great nonconformist, has always intolerable pathos of the final chord : been more popular on the Continent than in America “Elle est morte et n'a point vécu. or at home. But Frenchmen are not Anglo-Saxons, Elle faisait semblant de vivre. and few Frenchmen would admit that the use of De son main est tombé le livre irony evinces insincerity, or indicates aught but the Dans lequel elle n'a rien lu." expression of an ironical mood. No! wanton as The obverse of the picture has the added pathos she is, Musset's early muse is the poet's very self; of reality. When Musset wrote these lines, he had all that suffering did for him later was to absorb lived, and his genius was all but dead. His book him into a great experience, absorb him so fully “le livre du cæur,” as he called it,—was all too soon that the sprites of wit and irony were for the time read through, read and re-read until all meaning forgotten. For the born ironist, sorrow is the ulti had faded from the words. He had realized, by mate reality; and sorrow alone, by taking from him this time, that one cannot re-live an impression; that the power of self-detachment, can give his art unity the emotions wear away in successive experiences, of emotional effect. as a gold coin loses the freshness of its imprint and So much, at least, George Sand did for Alfred its first soft bloom. “Everything passes away like de Musset. She made him suffer, and the world is smoke," he cries, “everything except ennui.” His the gainer by a few splendid lyrics. But the price heart is now “a solitude,” “a tomb”; his brain he paid for their perfection! That high lyrical “an empty fire-place filled with ashes." He envies note, of course, could not last; it perished with Nodier, thirty years older than himself, the eternal the “Nuits," with the verses to Lamartine and to youth which bubbles up in his “ Stances - we verses 366 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL written to Musset in the year Nodier died. And, long as these poor children of sunny Italy manifest scarcely out of his twenties, he falls back upon the their spontaneous love of good reading by buying it, thought that “happy memories are, perhaps, more and of good pictures and statuary by thronging our real than happiness itself.” art museums on Sundays and holidays, and of good When death overtook him, in May 1857, Alfred music by packing the galleries of our opera houses de Musset was ready. Tired and disillusioned, on Italian-opera nights, what more hopeful class of worn out with life as he had conceived it, he closed immigrants could we desire to leaven the lump of his eyes at last with the words: “Enfin je vais our materialism and our stolid content with worldly dormir." LEWIS PIAGET SHANKS. prosperity? LIBRARY SCIENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY IN ITALY appear to be in a sad state of neglect. In view of CASUAL COMMENT. the coming exposition at Turin and the proposed exhibition of books in connection with it, the Italian THE ELEVEN NEW ADMISSIONS TO THE HALL OF government appointed a commission to visit the FAME show noteworthy and commendable selections. various national libraries of the country and make Ninety-seven ballots were cast, and fifty-one votes selections for what is likely to be an exceptionally were required for election. New England is largely fine display of rare and beautiful volumes. This represented, and two women are among the eleven quest has revealed an astonishing state of neglect elect. The list is as follows, with the number of and incompetence in the management of some of votes cast for each name: Harriet Beecher Stowe, these libraries. It is reported of the Vittorio 74; Oliver Wendell Holmes, 69; Edgar Allan Poe, 69; Roger Williams, 64; James Fenimore Cooper, composed of lackadaisical directors, harmless luna- Emanuele Library in Rome that its staff is largely 62; Phillips Brooks, 60; William Cullen Bryant, tics, chronic invalids, incapacitated octogenarians, 59; Frances E. Willard, 56; Andrew Jackson, 53; and women of hopelessly idiosyncratic peculiarities. George Bancroft, 53; John Lothrop Motley, 51. Disregard of library hours and library duties is the At last Poe comes in by a handsome majority, and rule and not the exception. One assistant librarian Holmes gains twenty votes over the number cast for has been absent from his post for eight months, him five years ago — such is the beneficial effect of another seems to have settled permanently in Cairo, his recent centenary. Mrs. Stowe receives a vote and a third is resting from his labors behind iron surpassed by only fifteen previous names. Eleven bars, being in prison on a sentence for burglary. bronze tablets for the eleven new names will be Wholesale mutilation of valuable works, singly and designed, each bearing a fitting sentiment from the in sets, is reported. In short, Italian libraries might pen or lips of the person it commemorates, and the fairly be conceived of as on the rapid road to ruin; formal unveiling is expected to take place in October but it may be that the instances of mismanagement of next year. Among the almost-elected candidates at this latest balloting occur the names of Parkman, ceptional, not the rule. and neglect pointed out by the commission are ex- Samuel Adams, Mark Hopkins, Charlotte Cushman, ceptional, not the rule. Let us hope so. Complaint is also made of the incapacity of the editorial staff and Lucretia Mott. appointed by the government to prepare a number THE CLASSICS IN THE SLUMS might be thought of costly reproductions of historical works at the unlikely to find readers, but they find what is even expense of the Ministry of Public Instruction. To more astonishing — buyers; and as the books are these editors Duns Scotus is so entirely unknown bought chiefly in unornamental editions, it must be that his works, as found in the library at Subiaco, for purposes of reading rather than display. These are described in two separate sections of a book on buyers, however, are not of our own Anglo-Saxon the monasteries of Subiaco, as the writings of a stock. One must go among the organ-grinding, Signor Scotus and again as those of a Signor Duma. fruit-selling, peanut-vending population of our larger And yet it was Italy that gave to the world, or more cities to find these purchasers of Dante and Petrarch especially to the British Museum, an Antonio and Tasso, of Goldoni and Manzoni and Silvio Panizzi, of honored memory. Pellico, as also in Italian versions) of Shakespeare, Voltaire, Virgil, Plautus, Macaulay, Dickens, Cooper, FREAKS OF LITERARY CENSORSHIP are often and many others. Side by side with macaroni and amusing to the dispassionate observer, while not cigars and cheap jewelry, many a little shop in the infrequently maddening to those more closely con- Italian quarter maintains its stock of standard cerned with the censored wares. In a certain town authors, often in ten-cent paper editions, but not not a million miles from Plymouth Rock, the open infrequently in more pretentious and more durable sale of Boccaccio, even in the original Italian, is form. "La Casa Trista” of Dickens and“ Il Corsaro discouraged if not forbidden, while the vending of Rosso ” of Cooper, with Sheridan's “La Scuola della Chaucer, complete and unexpurgated, in the not Maldicenza,” and some of Hawthorne's stories col very obscure English of his day, no one dreams of lected under the title “Racconti di Far-West," com protesting against. From across the water we hear pete with native Italian literature for Giovanni's that Mr. Laurence Housman, author of "An English- and Jacopo's and Pietro's hard-earned pennies. As woman's Love Letters," has been annoyed by the -- - 1 1910.] 367 THE DIAL an prompt him censor's rejection of his recent play, “Pains and devoted to brief accounts of California libraries, Penalties," but that his anonymous version, or entered alphabetically by place-name, with notes of adaptation, of Aristophanes's “ Lysistrata” went recent changes or events of importance, and the through without demur, although certain plain- various activities of the California State Library spoken passages excited public comment even after and the California Library Association. they had been toned down by the management from that unmitigated Aristophanic frankness of expres- THE ARRESTED FLIGHT OF A SONNETEER sion which the censor had allowed to pass. An arrested flight in two senses of the term - will ancient name will cover a multitude of sins. In make literature poorer than it might have been had how many Puritan families has the Bible been peri- the poet been allowed to fly. M. Edmond Rostand, odically and conscientiously read through from cover after being moved to metrical utterance by the not to cover, while anything branded with the name of yet commonplace spectacle of an aëroplane cleaving a novel, even a Waverley novel, and any work its way through the clouds, conceived the sublime written for the stage, even a play of Shakespeare, idea of a sonnet, or perhaps of a longer poem, writ- have been banished from the house with pious ten in a flying-machine in full career. But Madame shudders! Rostand said emphatically, No, never or, at least, not until flying is as safe as walking. But when THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A YANKEE PRINTER, who that stage of aëronautics is reached will it have was among the last surviving "forty-niners," and power to thrill the aérial passenger and had in maturer life become a Methodist minister, to sing? If flying had always been safe and easy to strikes a reader of his obituary as probably unique. wingless bipeds, we should most certainly never have Taking a supply of type with him when he embarked had any “Darius Green” (which by the way, after for San Francisco in March, 1849, Linville J. Hall, making a decided hit almost half a century ago, is printer by trade, and resident of Hartford, Conn., now making another hit in a special edition with wrote, set up, and printed during the seven-months mirth-provoking illustrations by Mr. Wallace Gold- voyage a book of eighty-eight close-lined pages smith). There is, however, more than a possibility, entitled “ Around the Horn in '49: Journal of the Hartford Mining and Trading Company.”. Nearly French poet, after dipping his pen in the azure of in view of recent occurrences at Belmont, that the two hundred copies were struck off on the rude the heavens and hymning the ecstatic praises of press he himself made on shipboard, and if anyone aviation, might never have composed another line. of them is still in existence it would be a treasure It might, in short, have been his swan-song, and he to its finder. A much later issue, with eighty pages might have learned with Darius that while flying is of additional matter on “ Mines and Miners in '49 all well enough, “the’ ain't sich a thunderin' sight and '50,” was produced by occupants at the State o'fun in 't when ye come to 'light.” Prison at Canon City, Colorado, where Mr. Hall was for some years chaplain, and where he taught COUNT TOLSTOY'S LATEST LITERARY WORK, a a number of his convict congregation the art of pamphlet entitled “Three Days in a Village,” re- printing. He has recently died at the ripe age of counting simply and realistically the incidents of eighty-eight, in Springfield, Mass., after a richly three days spent in a village near the writer's home, varied experience of life in sundry parts of the has evidently been found by the Russian government western hemisphere. His biography would make a to contain too much truth to be edifying reading; book well worth reading, if we could only have it and accordingly the seizure of all copies has been fully and faithfully presented. ordered. The sub-titles prefixed to the three suc- cessive parts of the little narrative (“Wayfaring THE CALIFORNIA CONCEPTION OF LIBRARY NEWS, Men,” “Living and Dying,” and “ Taxes”) lead as exemplified in that compact and well-edited quar one to surmise that something of the heart-breaking terly, “News Notes of California Libraries,” is misery and hopelessness of Russian peasant life has generously inclusive. Opening the latest issue, we been presented to the reader; and it is also said find, first, a summary of current events, alphabeti- that the author has not refrained from a closing cally arranged. Under the first section, “ Accidents," arraignment of the ruling powers that are responsible sub-section, “ Automobiles,” are entered such items for all this wretchedness and injustice. It is safe to as this: “Corte Madera, near, car overturns, Miss conclude that the doughty author, against whom Florence Pardee killed, S 11.” Then follows, even the despot's hand is stayed, has delivered him- “Eureka, near, cars collide, Alexander Peterson self of a weighty and a telling word, which, in spite killed, Ag. 7." (For the benefit of non-graduates of censors, will be heard around the world. of library schools let it be explained that "S 11" means Sept. 11, and “Ag. 7” means Aug. 7.) FATTY DEGENERATION IN OUR ENGLISH PROSE Further down we find, under “Prize Fights,' STYLE has set in, and is rapidly developing - at “ Johnson defeats Jeffries, Jl. 4.” Under “Librar least in the great mass of popular reading matter, ies” we are pleased to note that at Monterey “Li such as is furnished by current fiction and by the brarian Miss Etta Eckhardt has salary increased, newspapers and the illustrated magazines that so S 24.” The bulk of the periodical is appropriately | marvellously abound. M. Emile Faguet, the emi- . 368 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL . nent French littérateur, complains, in the Revue newspaper report avers, but many Mark Twain des Deux Mondes, of a deplorable deterioration in manuscripts and many books autographed or annot- French prose writing. Good writing, he well main- ated by his hand will fall a prey to the highest tains, is largely a question of intellectual fibre; and bidder. there is much in modern educational methods, with SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FOR THE NEXT A. L. A. their multiplicity of electives, including an increas- ing number of “soft” ones, to produce flabbiness CONFERENCE, as now officially decided upon, is a of intellectual fibre. Courses in the study and choice sure to win general approval. Indeed, that writing of English have multiplied, it is true; but region was favored by many for the 1910 meeting ; and as the Southwest has never had the conference the first requisite to good writing is sound and vigorous thinking. The student who has thoroughly in all the thirty-four years of the Association's nastered Thucydides in the original, for example, existence, it is none too soon to give it the benefit and the stimulus of this annual congress of library and has steeped his mind in the English of the King James version of the Bible, is far more likely 1891, and Portland, Oregon, in 1905, these being workers. San Francisco was the meeting-place in to write tersely and idiomatically than is the one who has taken courses in modern European fiction the only occasions on which the Pacific coast has and written innumerable themes. But after all is entertained the A. L. A. With its one hundred and said, in order to write well one must first have twenty public libraries (without counting school, something to say; and the old saying still holds, university, and other semi-public libraries), and its that the style is the man. A person with no orig- four hundred or more library workers, only fifty- inal ideas and no toughness of fibre is sure to be one of whom are at present enrolled as members of characterless and weak in his writing. the A. L. A., California should profit greatly by the proposed conference within its borders, and should A CHILLY COMMENT ON COMMANDER PEARY'S also benefit the Association by a generous infusion BOOK comes from Professor Andreas Galle, chief of new blood in the form of added membership. of the Geodetic Institute at Berlin. In the hardy explorer's account of his Arctic achievement, the THE LATEST THING IN CRYPTOGRAMS comes from German scientist professes to find no convincing an ingenious Englishman, Sir Edward Durning- evidence that the Pole was really reached by him ; Lawrence, who has written a book with the em- in short, he declares that Commander Peary's phatically unambiguous title, “ Bacon is Shake- claim rests upon no valid scientific proof whatever. speare.” It is a rather magnificent effort in a Probably the Herr Professor, if strictly catechized dubious cause, and especially admirable is the bril- on the subject, would be forced to own that he had liant discovery of a hitherto unsuspected anagram never received any valid scientific proof of the in that sonorous pseudo-Latin word put into the existence of such a city as Chicago. The only mouth (it must have been a large one) of the clown validly scientific way to discover the North Pole in Love's Labour's Lost" — honorificabilitudini- would be for two or more geographic or geodetic tatibus. By a clever re-arrangement of the letters societies to proceed thither in company, each keep of this word, Sir Edward achieves the following bad ing “tab” on the others, and all uniting in signing hexameter: a sworn statement that the protuberant end of the Hi ludi F. Baconis nati tuiti orbi, earth's axis had actually been seen and handled by which may be translated, These plays, offspring of them severally and collectively. And then if a splin F. Bacon, are preserved for the world. We think ter were brought back in addition, perhaps even the the Baconians might well rest their case here; hu- Berlin professor of geodetics would be convinced. man or inhuman ingenuity can hardly further go. THE DISPOSAL OF THE LIBRARY AT STORMFIELD, THE RAMIFICATIONS OF THE COLLEGE CURRI- whereof rumor has busied itself more or less of late, CULUM bewilder and amaze the contemplative ob- now seems likely to be of a more prosaically busi server whose own academic diploma dates back to nesslike character than we had hoped. The trans the consulship of Plancus. In that happy time a fer in mass of Mark Twain's literary treasures to college parchment seemed to be a thing of value; the public library of Redding, as was rumored at but in these latter days, when university degrees are one time to be their probable disposition, would as thick as blackberries and of yearly increasing have enabled future visitors to the humorist's former variety, the winning of one can hardly be considered home to inspect his gradually accumulated library a very startling achievement. At the University of and perhaps to handle some of his favorite volumes ; Pennsylvania there is started this year a new course, but this desired consummation will not be effected known as the Public Health course, and designed to if the announced plan of his only surviving daughter, train its students to serve as public health officers Mrs. Ossip Gabrilowitsch, to have most of the library having adequate knowledge of sanitary engineering, sold at auction in New York, is carried out. From public water supply, the inspection of meat and this heartless fate certain autographed copies of milk, and a variety of similar useful accomplish- the works of living authors, and other volumes ments. We wonder whether this course, pursued to endeared by precious associations, will escape, as its limits, leads to the degree of P. H. D. 1910.] 369 THE DIAL 6 not have believed it. You believe me, although I am a fool. COMMUNICATIONS. lam, as you know, neither a goose nor any other sort of bird; moreover, I have neither wings nor feathers, without which THE “RETURN TO MACAULAY." no one can fly. So you can see clearly that I told you a lie.' (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Therewith he ran from the gable and left the folk standing, The discussion of a “ return to Macaulay” moves me of whom some fled, but some laughed and said, 'Great rascal to add a word upon the subject. In my opinion the time as he is, he has nevertheless spoken the truth.'" is not yet ripe for the type of history for which Profes- Far be it from the translator to institute comparisons sor Hutson pines. The older histories of this class were or make a prophet of the cheerful philosopher. He either based upon highly colored partisan contemporary merely finds it curious that the two events occurred so accounts or upon some theory as to what the facts were. near together. ROY TEMPLE HOUSE. It is impossible for any writer covering a large field or Magdeburg, Germany, Nov. 2, 1910. a long period to investigate fully the basis for the thousands of statements that his book must contain. A FOOT-NOTE TO “VANITY FAIR." Speaking for American history alone, there is scarcely (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) a topic respecting which there are not important questions which have not yet been answered. How important Every lover of Thackeray -- that is to say, every one with a soul worth saving will recall the chapter in these questions are cannot be known until the facts are « Vanity Fair" of which the climax is reached in the ascertained. The most conspicuous example is the American Revolution. In hardly more than a single quarrel between George Osborne and his father. Prior to this scene, Miss Swartz and the Misses Osborne had colony has the movement been traced in detail. Not until this has been done for all the colonies will any a little music in the drawing-room, and the sisters adequate presentation of the movement as a whole be began the entertainment with “ The Battle of Prague.” "Stop that d—thing,' George howled out in a fury from practicable. The type of mind required for this detailed investigation is altogether different from that needed the sofa. “It makes me mad. You play something, Miss Swartz , do. Sing something, anything but the Battle of for painting the larger picture. When the detailed Prague.' work is fairly complete, the man will come, who, with "Shall I sing Blue-Eyed Mary or the air from the Ca- clear insight, a broad grasp, and a brilliant literary binet? 'Miss Swartz asked. style, will combine the monographic results of his prede- "That sweet thing from the Cabinet,' the sisters said. cessors into a well balanced whole, which, to the inter- We've had that,' replied the misanthrope on the sofa. est of Macaulay, will add the advantage of being ap- “I can sing Fluvy du Tajy,' Swartz said in a meek voice, if I had the words.' It was the last of the worthy young proximately true. Therefore I would counsel continued woman's collection. work along present lines, and patience. ""O, Fleuve du Tage,' Miss Maria cried; we have the F. H. HODDER song,' and went to find the book in which it was. Lawrence, Kansas, Nov. 8, 1910. “Now it happened that this song, then in the height of fashion, had been given" TILL EULENSPIEGEL ON AVIATION. And then the name of Amelia Sedley on the title-page (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) of the album ushered in the fatal dispute. We have been reading of wonderful flying experiences It has been many a long year since I first read those in St. Louis, Darmstadt, and elsewhere, and our own lines, and began to wonder why “ The Battle of Prague" old city of Magdeburg has just been the scene of a so incensed the easily-incensed captain, and what manner three days' national aëroplane contest. It is curious of song was the “ Fleuve du Tage” with which is that two miles of street-car track bind together the dark heiress calmed his wrath. Nobody to whom I great race-course where the German aviators strove put the question knew, and I came at last to believe with very modest success, it is true, not to mention the that, since nobody was left alive who remembered the terrible death of Lieutenant Menthe - to match the fashionable music of the year '15, I must needs live records of their hereditary enemies across the Rhine, my life out in ignorance thereof. Finally a very old and the old Town-House where the classic joker Till lady recalled the “ Battle as a “very noisy piece; not Eulenspiegel is said to have advertised one of the first at all pretty”; and from an old handbook of “ Things to flights on record. The story is Number XIIII. in Know" I learned that it was written by Franz Kotz- “ The Book of Till Eulenspiegel”; but I translate wara, who was born in the city which he thus celebrated, from the somewhat more intelligible modernized ad- in 1791. It is possible, therefore, but not probable, that aptation contained in “Tales of the City of Magdeburg,” by Fr. Hülsse (Albert Rathke, Magdeburg): Thackeray was correct in fancying that Miss Maria and Miss Jane favoured their dinner guests with his com- “Till Eulenspiegel came once also to the town of Magde position, in the spring before Waterloo. burg, to play here many a fool-caper. One day he gave notice And now the death of another old lady, and the subse- that he would fly from the gable of the Town-House and down to the Market. [This gable was so arranged that quent sale of her books, has put me in possession of officials mounted to a platform and read notices of public some bound volumes of “Godey's Lady's Book," and in importance from that commanding position.— Tr.) When the number for March, 1858, behold! the song which the news spread in the city, a great number of people, young Amelia loved “ Fleuve du Tage,” “ written and com- and old, streamed together to the market-place. All were posed for the piano forte for Godey's Lady's Book," by eager to see the far-famed fool fly. Eulenspiegel stood J. Starr Hollway. The pretty plaintive air, and the upright on the wall, and moved his arms and hands, just as if delicate accompaniment, suggestive of softly-flowing he would begin to fly. The folk opened eye and mouth wide water, are quite suited to the verses. No one can doubt in sheer astonishment, and thought to see him in the air the next moment. But Eulenspiegel laughed and said, 'I that dear Amelia would have adored the song. But, thought there were no fools or simpletons in the world but I. oh! by what juggling with the calendar can we be sure Now I see well that here almost the whole town is full of that she ever heard it! SARA ANDREW SHAFER. fools. For if all of you had said that you could fly I should La Porte, Ind., Nov. 9, 1910. 99 370 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL ting by the fireside, holding me and my sister on his The New Books. knees; near him my mother knitting, and the boys, together with neighbors' children, scattered on the floor, watching him with glistening, curious eyes, and listening MODJESKA IN POLAND AND AMERICA.* attentively to his stories. They were wonderful stories Even those of us who are only fortunate that touched us with pity or thrilled us with joy. Some of them were taken from national legends or from the enough to have seen Madame Modjeska in later mountaineer folk-lore, some were his own invention, or life can readily understand the enthusiasm subjects taken from his cherished books. His favorite evoked by her beauty, her charm, and her genius story was Homer's · Iliad,' extracts of which he told when, hardly more than a girl, she made her us in his simple language. I do not know how much I first appearance as Juliet in her native Cracow understood then of the famous epic poem, but when I read it some fifteen years later, many famous scenes and received a veritable storm of applause, being came back vividly to my mind, and the picture of my ten times called before the curtain at the end. father rose from the remote past, filling my eyes with She had never witnessed a performance of the tears." play, and had not even read it before taking up In the same vein is her recollection of the later the study of her part. Her first appearance on evening readings in the family circle, when the American stage, at San Francisco in 1877, “every one had to take turns, and while my which was also her first trial of the English mother and Aunt Teresa were knitting, and we language before an audience, was equally suc children were dressing or stitching clothes for cessful. Her - Adrienne Lecouvreur” was ap our dolls, one of my brothers, or anyone who plauded furiously. would volunteer to do so, would read aloud. In a substantial volume of nearly six hundred These were very delightful, never-to-be-forgotten pages, entitled "Memories and Impressions of evenings.” Dramatic talent was not confined Helena Modjeska,” the great actress, who died to Helena; two elder brothers left home for the last year at her California home before quite stage, and the younger children took naturally reaching the scriptural three-score-and-ten, tells to private theatricals. About the year 1860, her life-story with a most engaging frankness as far as can be determined from her narrative, and completeness, and in English surprisingly which is pleasantly free from an excess of dates pure and flexible, with such a command of its and unfettered by too strict adherence to chron- idioms as to betray hardly a trace of the for- ological order, Helena Opid married her German eigner, although she was nearer forty than thirty teacher, Gustave Modrzejewski (or Modjeski, when she began the serious study of our tongue. as she very kindly abbreviates and simplifies it From her birth in 1840 to her retirement from for us), and thus became the Madame Modjeska the stage in 1907 the varied and eventful course of histrionic renown, although only eight years of her life forms a narrative none too long. The later she was wedded to her second husband, many reminiscences of European and American Count Karol Chlapowski. Thus, the hyper- celebrities, members of her own profession or accurate librarian will take notice, her book otherwise noteworthy, diversify the story, while should be catalogued, not under “ Modjeska” its abundance of portraits and views still further or even “Modrzejewska," but under “Chla- enliven it. powska.” But in just what one of the several Cracow was the birthplace of Helena Opid, ways familiar to the dramatic profession Mr. and as she was one of ten children and was left Modjeski passed from the scene of action and fatherless at seven years of age, her early seek lapsed into oblivion, is not revealed. He ceases ing of employment on the stage can be readily to figure in the book ere one is a quarter of accounted for. Her passion for the drama, as the way through. well as her elocutionary and musical gifts, must Among Madame Modjeska's early friends have been derived from that ill-fated father, were the brilliantly gifted De Reszke family; who delighted in telling stories and reciting Joseph Chelmonski, the painter; Count Przezd- poetry to his children, and who played several ziecki, the historian and archæologist; Felician musical instruments, music being his passion, Falenski, the poet ; Stanislaw Witkiewicz, the as we are told. The following scene, depicted painter and author; and Henryk Sienkiewicz, by the daughter in her opening chapter, is pro- the novelist. Of the latter as he appeared in phetic of her own subsequent development: his younger days we read : “I remember him during long winter evenings, sit “ It was on a visit to their country home [i.e. the * MEMORIES AND IMPRESSIONS OF HELENA MODJESKA. country home of some common friends] that we met An Autobiography. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Henryk Sienkiewicz, and that glorious young man came Co. almost regularly to our receptions. I can see him even 1910.) 371 THE DIAL 6 now, sitting in a cosy corner of the room, his handsome, speak of “Hiawatha,” or I will call you Mudjikiewis, expressive face leaning against his hand, silent, for he which, by the way, sounds somewhat like your name.'” rarely spoke, but his brilliant, half-veiled eyes saw every Edwin Booth, with whom Modjeska played thing and his ears drank in every word. The whole room, with its contents,-men, women, and objects, was uncon- for a season, won her hearty liking as well as sciously yielding food for his acute observation. Hesome her admiration. She says of him : times outstayed the company, and when only a few of our “ My season with Edwin Booth was delightful. I intimate friends remained he took an active part in the found him one of the kindest and pleasantest men of conversation, to our great delight, for his many-sided the profession. He also possessed what I considered a intellect and slightly sarcastic humor acted like a stimu- great quality — simplicity of manner. lant upon others, calling forth most clever and interest- ". I remember that at supper we spoke of Shake- ing replies. I was usually a mute listener to the inter- speare, and then I had the opportunity of learning how course, which sometimes became so fascinating that our deeply and thoroughly Booth studied his parts. He guests did not notice when the candles were burnt out says he has no ear for music, but any mistake in blank and replaced by fresh ones, while the dim white light verse jars upon him as a false note. Of course he peeped across the window-blinds." puts a great stress upon pronunciation, emphasis, and It was this young man of genius who was the inflections of the voice, and he kindly pointed out some most enthusiastic supporter of Count Chlapow- of my mistakes in pronunciation, which I gratefully ski's project of forming a community in Cali- accepted, and tried to correct myself at the next per- He also said that my delivery of the fornia on the model of the one that had so flatly • Mercy' speech [in «The Merchant of Venice '] was failed at Brook Farm. The migration was 'admirable.' I felt highly flattered and happy, of actually accomplished, Anaheim was settled, course. It seems that the reason why he has not studied and the colony struggled on long enough to any new parts for a long time is that, whenever he put disembarrass its promoter of fifteen thousand a new play on the bills, the audience kept away from it and were asking for “Hamlet,' • Richelieu, etc.,- dollars or more, when Madame Modjeska seems plays which he has played for years. It is very strange to have put a stop to the folly by going off to that people should be so conservative in their taste, but San Francisco to study English and resume her it is certainly the case with Americans, and the older old profession. Her husband accompanied her, the play the better the draw.' and at one time acted as her manager. A few pages after this surprising charge To touch here more particularly on her life against us of excessive fondness for the good in America, as the most important or at least, old plays, the writer has something to say about to us, the most interesting part, we may note a contemporary American actors, calling atten- few of her more intimate friendships in this tion to certain defects in the present system of country and some of her triumphs as an actress, training. “The evil,” she adds,“ lies in the together with an occasional opinion of hers on unfortunate • star’ system. There is little op- American actors and on the art of acting in portunity for beginners to learn much. They general. Her first meeting with Longfellow is usually are shifted from one company to another, thus described : and often forced to play one single part all “One of the most important events of my stay in through the season. In most cases they are not Boston was my meeting with Henry W. Longfellow. allowed to present their own conception of the Mrs. Gilder wrote that the great man would call on me character, but are compelled to follow blindly at my hotel. Although I was forewarned of his visit, the stage-manager's instructions." Touching yet I was quite overcome with emotion when one after- noon his card was brought to my room. One look of later on the interpretation of Shakespeare's his kind, deep-set eyes and a warm hand-shake soon plays, and the common contention that in order restored my mental equilibrium and put me at my ease. to render them properly the actors should be The presence of this true, great poet, this man endowed of English stock, she argues convincingly that with the finest qualities a man can possess, was a spirit- ual feast for me. . . . Then my son Ralph came in, and Shakespeare is too largely human, too universal we were both invited to lunch at the poet's house in in his appeal, to require players of only his own Cambridge. Longfellow's great charm was just that nationality to impersonate his characters. Of perfect simplicity, so rare in celebrated men. There was course she admits that in no foreign tongue can not a shade of the patronizing air so frequently assumed by people of superior standing, not a particle of the his plays be adequately presented ; and her fine pomposity I had observed more than once among much mastery of the language of Shakespeare is a less-known writers. A celebrity without conceit is rare, proof of the earnestness of her feeling in this but there was none in the author of " Evangeline" and respect. Near the end of her book she says a • Hiawatha.' He did not seem to care much for com few well-considered words on dramatic art in pliments. ... I made another attempt, and said I would general. The faithful interpretation of a part gladly study some passages from his poems and recite them to him, and I mentioned “Hiawatha,” but he she considers something more than an art. stopped me with the words : “You do not want to waste “Something else is needed, something which ought your time in memorizing those things, and don't you to lie in the very depth of the actor's soul, the sugges- 372 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL DIAL tion of which has much more value than even the most been hollowed out and placed so that the winds laborious study. I do not know well how to define this of the gorge should blow through them. It something, but it seems to me to be an irresponsible desire of expression, together with the riches of feeling, was this which had simulated the noises of a which one can open to the world. Those who are en- tumultuous army. But Nature had defeated dowed with this sense of expression, and moreover can the scheme of man. Birds, birds in multitude, enhance it with the color of their imagination and the had crept into these hollowed pipes and built intensity of emotional temperament, achieve what a their nests; and as they gradually stopped mechanical though excellent performer can never do. They thrill the audience, which will carry home some those narrow chambers up, the martial music of the actor's inmost treasures and live on them for a had gradually decreased. while. The richer his nature, the better the influence. This poem comes back to the mind as one • The more I give, the more I have,' says Juliet. To reads General Morris Schaff's book on "The give and to give is our task.” Battle of the Wilderness." For more than a Some of this is rather trite and obvious, it may generation the histories of the Civil War have be, but the whole passage of which it is a part been filled with the thunder of great guns, the is well worth reading. tramping of infantry, the clang of horsemen; Madame Modjeska’s autobiography, coming filled, too, with the hatreds of both sides, and as it does so soon after Miss Ellen Terry's and with the quarrels over the plunder of glory Madame Sarah Bernhardt's and Clara Morris's belonging to the various leaders. Now a poet published reminiscences, invites comparison with makes his appearance, - a poet with vision in them, and will surely not suffer thereby. Some- his brain and charity and sympathy in his heart. thing of the pathos, the passion, the intensity, Flowers bloom, birds sing, the woods are gay of her Polish blood shows itself in her writing, in May apparel; we see the swinging march of and imparts to her pages a vividness and a depth men, we hear the ring of youthful voices. and richness of human feeling that enthrall the Stern war is turned to favor and romance. reader and carry him a willing captive to the And hatreds and quarrels disappear. There end. No better book in its kind could be desired. is appreciation for the heroes of both camps, The considerable additions to the narrative intimate pictures of their mien and bearing. and to the illustrations, over and above what This is indeed a new departure in historical has already appeared serially, make the work writing, at least for American history. General really a new book. PERCY F. BICKNELL. Schaff has adopted something of epic methods. He has a “ machinery” of his own — a mythol- ogy of spirits and phantoms that come at will, A NEW THING IN HISTORICAL WRITING.* predict events, and brood over battles. Under the definitely traced lines of his actual record There is a poem of Leigh Hunt's whose there gleam faded traceries of fate and mystic legend runs thus: For many years the dwellers meaning. It would have required but little more at the foot of the Himalayas had been subjected to have brought the Vates or Druids upon the to incursions from the hill-people above. These scene. What fine imaginative gifts many of the latter descended through a mighty pass whose en soldiers of the Civil War have shown! Pro- trance overhung the lowlands. At last, however, fessor Shaler rose to really great heights in his actual invasions ceased; but up out of the heart epic drama “ Elizabeth of England,” and now of that gorge in the hills there came ever down General Schaff displays a vividness of phantasy, to the affrighted ears of those below the sound with a concurrent grace and magic of style, that of the mustering and trampling and tumult of a outpoint most of our professed poets. It may mighty armament. Trumpets blew and drums be said without hesitation that the use of all sounded; arms clashed and cheers echoed; and these literary gifts has immensely brightened his in the hearts of the lowland hearers was a sub- book and given it a chance for permanent fame. jected awe, a panic always poised to fly. This The average mind, unless personally interested, went on for some time, but finally the noises cannot follow the broken movements of a modern grew fainter, the clarion calls died away, and battle. Details of positions, roads, marches, the footsteps of a great army seemed to retreat. battle-lines, attacks and repulses, are usually A few of the bolder of the folk below summoned dry reading. In going back to the epic man- up courage to climb into the pass ----and this is ner -- projecting his dreams into the action, what met their eyes: Great tree-trunks had throwing the whole force of his talent into pas- * THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS. By Morris Schaff. sages of scenic description, giving free rein to With maps and plans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. emotion, painting vignettes of single figures or 1910.] 373 THE DIAL the scene, over- the au- incidents — General Schaff has shown a wise believe that time will endorse this verdict. His artistic instinct. And though he has the poet's attitude toward Grant is that of simple rever- preference for beauty, and though he puts most ence. For ourselves there seems to be a curious stress as every writer on war who wishes to be parallel to Grant's career in the Hannibalic read must do— on the high spirits and magnifi- War. Fabius and Marcellus and Nero were all cent courage of his actors, he has not hesitated greater soldiers, greater inventors in warfare, to dash the shadows into his picture. There are than Scipio; but after they had worn down scenes enough of grim and grizly horror. Hannibal's magnificent army until it was a mere Yet of course the book is history, is a record shadow of a shade, Scipio came upon of fact, and presumably an accurate one. The gave the final blow, and gained the ultimate and author tells an amusing story about the diffi loftiest laurels. The flaw in this comparison is culty of being correct in such matters. that Grant himself assisted in the wearing-down “ Batchelder, whose map of Gettysburg is authority, process, though in conflict with generals far came to the army to verify the positions of the vari inferior to Lee and his great lieutenants ; but ous commands. One night, after dinner, he entered, quite tired. «Well,' he announced, taking his place at the table, against this may be set the large and im- • I have been in the Second Corps to-day, and I believe portant share of credit belonging to Meade I have discovered how Joshua made the sun stand still. for the last year's operations. Again, Grant I went first to regiment and had the officers mark only carried out McClellan's policy of on the map the hour of their brigade's position at a cer whelming the Confederacy by numbers. That tain point. Then I went to regiment in the same brigade; they declared positively it was one or two he was allowed to do this, while McClellan was hours earlier or later than that given by the others. So not allowed, probably arose not so much from it went on, no two regiments or brigades agreeing, and any special strength of character in himself, as if I hinted that some of them must certainly be mistaken, from the conviction at last forced upon they would set me down by saying, with severe dignity, thorities at Washington that it was the only • We were there, Batchelder, and we ought to know, I guess ’; and I made up my mind that it would take a day way. There are two orders of men of action, of at least twenty hours instead of thirteen at Gettys- those who, with ample means and abundant burg to satisfy their accounts. So, when Joshua's cap resources, accomplish great things ; and those tains got around him after the fight and they began to who with scanty means, or none at all, or against talk it over, the only way under the heavens that he could ever harmonize their statements was to make the prodigious odds, achieve impossibilities. There sun stand still and give them all a chance.” can be no doubt as to the class in which Grant General Schaff confesses that the strategy, belonged. Judged by this test, not Grant the grand tactics, and military movements of the victor, but Lee the vanquished, is the central war, stirring as these are, were not the features figure of the Civil War. And Meade, the only which engaged his deepest interest, but rather Northern leader who met Lee on terms of prac- the spirit which animated the North and South. tical equality and turned him back in disaster, Perhaps he sees this through the haze of years; deserves a place by his side. But Grant's un- but this only serves to bring his book into tone assuming modesty, his generosity to his foe and and harmony. We have spoken of the touch generally to his fellow-commanders, mark him of magic which is often apparent in his style. as a noble character. Victory but left him as Let us give a specimen. it met him. He was a more determined power from defeat. Death could not shake his tran- “And now, on those soft mountain and valley winds of memory, which always set in when anything pensive quility. Honor to them all ; they were great warms the heart, are borne the notes of bugles sounding taps in the camps around us on those long-vanished Was it all worth while? As one reads Gen- August nights. Camp after camp takes up the call, eral Schaff's book and realizes the visions of some near, some far. The last of the clear, lamenting tones die away sweetly and plaintively in the distance, those meadows of the Rapidan and Rappahan- and back comes the hush of night as of old. Again the nock, and those dark tangled woods of the sentinels are marching their beats slowly, most of them Wilderness, thick inlaid with patterns of fallen thinking of home, now and then one, with moistened forms in blue and gray, it all seems a frightful eyes, of a baby in a cradle. Peace to the ashes of Warren, peace to those of the sentinels of the Army of waste. But we must wait. The blood sown in the Potomac who walked their posts in those gone-by those mighty battles will yet bear noble harvests. starry nights !” Romance will rise and rear her altars through Some of General Schaff's judgments we think all that old Southern domain, and will set her are open to debate. He pleads with wistful He pleads with wistful saving mark upon those Northern thresholds eagerness for Meade, yet in the end ranks him whence our fathers issued forth. And General below Sheridan and Sherman. We do not Schaff's book, with its fairness to friend and men. 374 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL once one foe, its spirit of chivalry, its poetic imagination, unconsciously, and that mysticism can also play its manly ardor and almost womanly gush of a rôle in rationalism and realism. feeling, will do much toward this consummation. As Mr. Wernaer's title indicates, his book He has made history as true as poetry. treats only the older group of German Romanti- CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. cists, the “ Romantic School”; and of this, only the great leaders—the Schlegels, Wackenroder, Tieck, Novalis, Fichte, Schelling, and Schleier- macher. The author acknowledges manifest AN ENGLISH TREATMENT OF GERMAN indebtedness to his predecessors. The work ROMANTICISM.* owes most to Ricarda Huch's Blütezeit der The root idea of the word “ Romantic” has Romantik. In some ways it is superior to been used, somehow, in some form, almost ab Huch's work, in others it is simply different. urbe condita. “All the great poets," says Mr. This can be most clearly seen in the way each Arthur Symons, “have been Romanticists, except has treated that possibly most elusive feature of those of the eighteenth century." Romanticism Romanticism, “irony.” The work does not has ever been, and will ever continue to be, so deal, except in the most meagre way, with long as great poets poetize life. Yet there was Romantic form or style. The publisher's part a prevalent opinion that Romanticism in the book leaves something to be desired. The started in Germany about 1792, and died out type-impression on some pages is so heavy that about 1830. Romanticism was simply the pre it shows through ; other pages are very pale. A dominant feature of German literature during few instances occur of badly muddled type. this period; and from Germany it early spread, There are several typographical errors ; as a formal movement, over England, France, of these, referring to Hügli's Romanische Italy, Poland, Russia, and Scandinavia. It has Strophen, etc., as "Romantische Strophen etc," been treated at various times from the genetic, is one that is generally found, even in card cata- philosophic, analytic, biographic, and popular logues. But since they are both about the same, standpoint. Elaborate discussions began in this matters little. The author has italicized Germany with those heavy works of Koberstein, some untranslatable words and left unitalicized Gervinus, and Julian Schmidt, works soon to be others. The italicized forms look better. These superseded by Haym's monumental Die roman defects should be eradicated, root and branch, tische Schule. Then there are the larger works in the future editions that the work will likely of Heine (1833), Hettner(1850), Gautier) 1868), enjoy. The Bibliography is modern, citing Brandes (1873), Phelps (1893), Huch (1899), nearly a hundred monographs that postdate Omond (1900), Beers (1901), and Symons 1880. The author's style is one to provoke (1909). The small monographs on individual comment, but not criticism ; it has peculiarities, phases of Romanticism are literally legion. Mr. but not defects. One only wonders at his fond- Wernaer's “ Romanticism and the Romantic ness for the word “twist." Yet Arthur Symons School in Germany," however, not only super- gives J. J. Callanan a place among English sedes any work that has thus far appeared in poets because he once used this word, “ The English, but will stand the test of comparison birds go to sleep by the sweet twist of her with studies of similar aim in any language. song There was a time when, if asked to define Mr. Wernaer has not only written ahout Romanticism, one would have dismissed the German Romanticism, he has also drawn a moral question with some such non-committal gener from its lofty aims and unreached goals. He ality as that it was a reactionary movement makes a plea for Humanism as the golden middle which in its attempt to resuscitate the Middle way between Classicism of the Head and Romanti- Ages unconsciously introduced mysticism. But cism of the Heart; between the legal temper that was the dark age of Romantic study. We and the sympathetic temper; between obedience now know better. We know that Romanticism and freedom, duty and love. Literature, he was reconciliatory rather than reactionary, that says, represents life ; and Romanticism is soul- there were a number of things about the Middle culture, culture, — it is love. This was the Romanti- Ages actually hostile to the very spirit of Roman cists' mission; but they could not humanize it. ticism, that the Romanticists did almost nothing They loved beauty, inner beauty, with a lover's love, blind to the hard realities that always con- * ROMANTICISM AND THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL IN GER- MANY. By Robert M. Wernaer. New York: D. Appleton front those who are not poets and whom poets & Co. must make free. They introduced a new sym- ; 1910.] 375 THE DIAL bolism, a broader symbolism than that typified student of Romanticism, they clear up some by the Versunkene Glocke or “ The Ancient things. To the incipient student, they will Mariner:” This new symbolism received its open up a new world. birth through the metaphysical conception that The last two chapters contain the moral. when spirit is brought in contact with matter, The German Romanticists were cosmopolitans, the one is transformed into the other; they do and at the same time patriots, but only in the not merge, — the spirit ever lingers on. Their æsthetic sense, not in the political or social. works were the ambassadors of their own They revived the art of Germany, but they thoughts, feelings, moods, and dreams; the thought there was only one art, only one visible representatives of something invisible. poetry; and this was the art, the poetry, of the Symbolism defines Romantic style in its attempt world. They tried to be true to this cosmo- to put soul into sense, to inebriate the forms politan theory; they pledged themselves to it. of art with poetic nectar. But in so doing, they neglected the call of those Coming to the Romantic leaders, Wacken around them who were not poets, and whom roder is portrayed as one who devoted his whole they, as poets, were to make free. They had life to purity of thought and the religious beauty no time, no patience, for the social service of of form and spirit, without being great as poet, their day. They abounded in love, but lacked critic, or writer, but with an immeasurable duty. They tried to reconcile the finite and the influence on Tieck, the poet of moods, mimicry, infinite, and in so doing they leaned too heavily adaptation, of dreams and lack of seriousness. on the infinite. They had enthusiasm with- Then there was Fr. Schlegel, ingenuous, free out restraint. German Romanticism of the late born, militant and intellectual; A. W. Schlegel, eighteenth century has precious little meaning with his great equanimity of critical temper, the for us to-day. This is an age of democratic man who first discovered Tieck and Wacken individualism, an age of service that needs roder to the reading public. There was Novalis, restraint, obedience, law, and duty. Present- the mystic prophet and clairvoyant of the school, day literature must abandon photography and the Romanticist who lived in the spirit world sensation, and concern itself only with that while yet on earth, the man who was always which is beautiful, yet wholesomely in accord "going home,” the writer of fairy tales and epic with duty's laws. And the poet must not, like grams. There was Schleiermacher the preacher, Heinrich in the Versunkene Glocke, attempt who maintained that he was most religious who to flee from the realities of the finite world could get along without the Bible,— who could, when the bells of every-day life are constantly if necessary, write one himself. There was calling him to service. Such in brief is the the somewhat retiring Dorothea Mendelssohn- outline of this book. Veit-Schlegel; her real name was Brendel, but ALLEN WILSON PORTERFIELD. Fr. Schlegel (1798) called her Dorothea, and Dorothea she remained. And, finally, there was the forceful Caroline Michaelis-Böhmer- TALKS ON CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT.* Schlegel-Schelling. This account of the Romantic leaders covers Professor Jastrow's forthcoming work on 94 pages, and is well worth while, since the “ Character and Temperament" is to be a con- book was written for an American public, un tribution to the as yet unconstituted science acquainted with even the landmarks of Ger- which Mill postulated under the name of ethol. man Romanticism. There follow 210 pages of ogy. The little volume entitled “The Qualities delightful reading on the traditional themes of Men ” is a popular presentation of the more that must concern this sort of work — Impres- general didactic and moral conclusions to which sionistic and Interpretative Appreciation of his severer studies have led him. With Pro- Art; the Romantic Mood; Nature Philosophy; fessor Jastrow's ideas and aims we are in entire Religion ; Beauty and Love; Irony; Novalis' sympathy. His main plea is for a more discern- “Hymns to the Night”; “ Lucinde”; the Fairy ing recognition of the qualities of men and Tale; the Blue Flower. On reading these things than is accorded by our democratic wor- pages, one gets the impression, it is hard to tell ship of quantity, energy, bigness, and hustle. how, that the author read the works on which He pleads, to adopt his own terminology, for the they are based over and over, time and time conservation and encouragement of the poietic, again, and then consigned to the page, not * THE QUALITIES OF MEN. By Joseph Jastrow. Boston: simply facts, but real revelations. To the tried Houghton Mifflin Co. 376 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL >> ness. as well as of the kinetic, type of man. Especially relentlessly followed up. “The effort to develop timely is his protest against the domination of a tonal facility becomes an unwarranted intru- the kinetic type even in the university, where if sion upon an unwilling audience.” 66 Discern anywhere the sense of the finer values ought to that he is decoratively pur-blind.” 6 Manner be fostered and preserved. may beskin-deep, or even cosmetically achieved.” The chief scientific and psychological interest “A whimpering, if not a crying need.” “If I of the book, a little disguised by the necessity of had to face the opulent necessity of a surgical entertaining mixed audiences, is the attempt to operation.” " The time-tested dictum of the trace the nicer shades and the higher qualities of Roman dramatist that in the country of the mind and character to the common root of a humanities no true man is foreigner.” keener and more delicate sensibility. From this The public that heard these chapters as lec- point of view, the whole work may be taken as tures doubtless applauded these and similar an expansion and psychological justification of vivacities, and our censure may be thought Ruskin's declaration that “the essence of all captious. But we believe that Professor Jas- vulgarity lies in want of sensation blunt- trow's second thoughts will concede that in a ness of body and mind.” serious book such sallies are regrettable conces- Professor Jastrow's lucid intelligence invites sions to the very temper which he deprecates — and his candor makes it easy to practice frank the taste which demands loud colors and crude We are free to say, then, that despite effects at any cost. It is a style into which a our complete agreement with its tendencies and clever writer, gifted with a large vocabulary and teachings we like the book less than either of a quick fancy, is easily seduced by the notoriety its predecessors,—“ Fact and Fable in Psychol- which it has brought to some contemporary ogy” and “The Sub-Conscious," and less than practitioners. But Professor Jastrow always we expect to like its successor. We do not think has something definite to say, and his sound and that the author has quite succeeded in harmon sober thought does not need to hide inanity and izing the scientific and the hortatory or didactic confusion by meretricious ornament. We hope points of view. In the interests of vivid and that he will return to a style in which the truth emphatic presentation, the popularizer employs can be told, a style whose main endeavor is to summary classifications which must give the reproduce the very form and pressure of the psychologist pause. One example will suffice. truth as it is given to the writer to apprehend Under his “ great divide,” or “two-class divi- it. It is better to be sane than to be what the sion of humanity,” he subsumes for literary illu- newspapers call “ epigrammatic”; and in these tration the antitheses of Athenian and Boeotian, days it is more of a distinction. Not the least of sulphite and bromide, of the gentleman and of Professor Jastrow's distinctions as a psychol- the vulgarian, and of the poietic and kineticogist and as a popularizer, in the good sense of types. He is of course quite as well aware as the word, is that he is eminently sane. the reviewer can be of the cross-classifications PAUL SHOREY. to which this arbitrary procedure leads. The (technical) gentleman, as described in the oft- quoted paragraph of Professor James, which PRESIDENT POLK.* Professor Jastrow quotes again, may be the most soporific of bromides. The sulphite in conversa- " Who is Polk?" was the derisive cry with tion and at the dinner table is not necessarily or which the Whigs greeted the nomination of the perhaps even probably the originator, inventor, man who was to be President during those four and leader in literature, science, or affairs. The fateful years in which slavery emerged as a specialization of faculty, native or acquired, as nation-sundering issue. At the close of his George Eliot is fond of reminding us, defeats all administration, “ Polk the mendacious” epito- such summary and wholesale classifications. mized the judgment of political opponents, and Our second cavil concerns what for the lack of was echoed even by some who had earlier been an equally apt English work may be called the adherents. To test the validity of such a verdict “preciosity” of the style. There are many ad has, until very recently, been impossible, as mirable and eloquent pages. But too often plain materials were not available for an unbiased thoughts are not plainly and directly expressed, *THE DIARY OF JAMES K. POLK, 1845 to 1849, Now first but are obscured by allusion, abstract circum printed from the original manuscript in the collections of the Chicago Historical Society. Edited by Milo Milton Quaife. locution, and conceits. There are too many meta- With an introduction by Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin. phors, and too many of them are either mixed or In four volumes. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1910.] 377 THE DIAL cesses. judgment of the eleventh President of the ably this habit of silence is in part responsible United States. Intensity of partisan conviction for the charge of mendacity; for the silence that permeated the works of Northern historians gives consent must often have been an irritation from 1850 to 1860, and in the decade following to officials who counted upon favors or acquies- other men and newer issues were paramount. cence from his receptive attitude, only to find Even in the South no vigorous voice was raised themselves ignored in the outcome. in defense of one who at best was never re As the intimate account of a personal ex- garded as of the “inner circle” either politi- perience, the frank illumination of a personality, cally or socially. Yet Polk's administration was the Diary is disappointing. There is no key to one of the most important in American expan Polk's tastes, or amusements, or ideals; no ana- sion, and to-day interest is re-directed to his lysis of opinions; no light on his mental pro- career and policies. Nor is the material for a Neither are there reflections or com- careful study lacking. Over ten thousand of ments upon successes or failures. There is no Polk's letters are in the possession of the Library entertaining gossip. There is, apparently, not of Congress ; while in the sixth month of his the least imagination or humor, and there is Presidency (August 1845), Polk began to keep curious failure to discriminate, equal attention a diary of each day's incidents, and continued and space being bestowed upon foreign emis- it throughout the greater part of his four years' saries and remote rural office-seekers. The man term. It is this diary, purchased some time is sunk in the President, and there is only the since by the Chicago Historical Society, that is record of the President's daily routine, stilted, now presented in book form, and from it one concise, and, in the manner of it, wholly un- may form some judgment of the justice or in- inspiring. Mr. Polk was strangely unemotional, justice of contemporary opinion, as well as gain given to the expression of neither elation nor new light on vital historical incident. A copy despondency, and writing of himself with ab- of the diary, now in the Lenox Library at New surd formality. The first entry is August 26, York, was indeed made for the historian George 1845, in which he writes, “ The President Bancroft, a member of Polk's cabinet, probably stated,” etc. October 1, “The President at- with the intention of using it in an estimate and tended the Commencement of Columbia College defense of his chief. But such use was never made today. . . He was accompanied from the Presi- of it, and the only writers who have as yet drawn dent's Mansion by the Secretary of War, the upon the diary are Mr. J. S. Reeves, whose lec Attorney-General,” etc. October 7. - " Mr. tures on “ American Diplomacy under Tyler and Dallas, the Vice-President of the United States, Polk”appeared in 1907, and Mr.G.P.Garrison, called. . . He dined with the President at 4 in his volume on" Westward Expansion.” Both o'clock P. M. Maj’r A. J. Donelson returned writers, however, were prohibited by the formal from the North to-day, and took lodgings at the necessities of their publications from any ex President's mansion. He dined with the Pres- panded treatment of the man or his times. Thus, ident, also.” As time went on, however, Mr. the importance of the present publication is great, Polk's oppressive consciousness of his august both for student and historian. position became less novel and exacting, or the As Mr. Reeves well says, the sneer of " Who constant repetition of ceremonial forms became is Polk ?”' had been sufficiently answered at the irksome; for later in October, and for the end of his administration. The Diary shows greater part of the four volumes, he speaks of him early determined upon four main points of himself in the more natural first person. The his policy : settlement of the Oregon question, only subject upon which he dwells at length is tariff reform, establishment of a sub-treasury, political intrigue, and this is treated at such and acquisition of California ; and in each of length and with such seriousness as to create an these the object sought was attained. These impression of littleness of mind. And yet, in were Polk's own policies, each approved by some spite of the negative impression and lack of group of his supporters, but all approved by literary form or spirit, there runs throughout That he thus carried through a pro the daily journal a sense of country, and a bull- gramme is evidence of power, tenacity, possibly dog courage, that go far to redeem Polk from of good fortune. Certainly he was no mere figure the stigma of mediocrity. head. Quite evidently he was by nature secretive, Polk's first great problem was the settlement listening attentively to the advice of his cabinet, of the Oregon question with Great Britain. He commenting little, but ultimately formulating his had been elected on a platform asserting “ the own plan of action and adhering to it. Presum whole claim,” — “Fifty-four forty or fight." .. none. 378 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL Yet almost immediately he offered to accept The relations between the President and his the forty-ninth parallel, only to be rebuffed by Secretary of State were far from harmonious. Pakenham, the British Minister, in discourteous Buchanan, fearing the results of a stiff foreign and insulting language. Polk then withdrew policy, chafed under the subordination imposed his proposal, and urged upon Congress measures upon him, and yet from political ambition de looking toward American occupation of the sired to escape responsibility. Polk was not entire territory in dispute. Apparently he was blind to the anxiety for applause, the tendency ready to go to war. After Pakenham's refusal to propitiate the public, in his Secretary, and he writes (January 4, 1846): in his Diary he reiterates his suspicions of “I remarked . . . that the only way to treat John Buchanan's intriguing for the Presidency. Bull was to look him straight in the eye; that I con- When the negotiations with Great Britain took sidered a bold & firm course on our part the pacific one; that if Congress faultered or hesitated in their a more peaceful turn, and it became clear that course, John Bull would immediately become arrogant war was not to follow, Buchanan, appreciating and more grasping in his demands; & that such had that the popular voice was against the com- been the history of the Brittish Nation in all their con promise, made a complete face-about, seeking tests with other Powers for the last two hundred years.” to evade responsibility. From the man who, Ultimately he accepted from the British govern- dreading a foreign war, had counselled a still ment, more reasonable than its representative, more generous treatment of the British agents, practically what he had himself proposed. For this reversal of position came with bad grace. his conduct of this entire negotiation, Whig Naturally Polk was very angry. The proposals writers attacked him, either picturing him as a of Great Britain were under discussion in the hypocrite in advocating the extreme American Cabinet : “ He [Buchanan] said the 54° 40' claim, with no intention of securing it, or as a men were the true friends of the administration, blusterer whose threats nearly precipitated a and he wished no backing out on the subject. war with England. Even Mr. Reeves doubts I felt excited at the remark but suppressed my Polk's sincerity, and believes that he so artfully feelings and was perfectly calm.” In preparing played the political game as to force upon others the message to the Senate asking “previous the odium of yielding a portion of the Oregon advice ” on the British proposal, Buchanan territory. To the present reviewer Polk seems declined to aid the President. sincere, but embarrassed by the approach of “ He then said; Well! when you have done your the Mexican War. If his Diary is to be taken message I will then prepare such an one as I think ought at its face value, and not regarded wholly as a to be sent in. I felt excited at this remark, as he had on conscious defense for posterity, then he was Saturday and on this morning refused to aid me in pre- absolutely convinced of the rightfulness of our paring my message, and I said to him, for what purpose claim. His first offer was made with reluctance, will you prepare a message? You have twice refused, though it is a subject relating to your Department, to inspired by a sense of obligation to his prede- give me any aid in preparing my message; do you wish, cessors, and he was, indeed, greatly relieved after I have done, to draw up a paper of your own in when Pakenham refused to consider it. Pend order to make an issue with me? He became excited ing a resumption of the question by Pakenham, and said that remark struck him to the heart, and asked Polk maintained an obstinate passivity, allow- me if I thought him capable of doing such a thing? I replied, you have twice refused to give me any aid in ing no overture, and merely permitting a preparing my message though requested to do so, and rumor to transpire that the President might notwithstanding you see that I am overwhelmed with consider a new offer if presented by Great other important public duties and have been subject to Britain. Buchanan, the Secretary of State, constant interruptions, and now you say that after I have done you will prepare a message such as you think was much alarmed at this determination, fear- ought to be sent in; and I asked him for what purpose ing that war was inevitable if such a line were will you do this, and he replied to submit it to you. I persisted in, and argued in Cabinet meetings said, you have not before said that this was your pur. that this was not “ wise statesmanship.” Polk pose; to which he replied that it was to [be] implied that such was his purpose. I then told him that I responded that it was right in itself,” and thought I had cause to complain that he had not aided that the only way to force a conclusion to this me when requested, but that if I had misunderstood long-delayed Oregon question lay in impressing him, I retracted the remark. The conversation became upon the British government the imminence of a very painful and unpleasant one, but led to mutual a crisis. However remarkable the steps of explanations that seemed to be satisfactory. I told him I had never had any unkind feelings towards him per- this negotiation, and the President's attitude sonally or politically. He expressed his friendship for throughout, its satisfactory termination could me and for Mrs. Polk. After a most unpleasant inter- reflect only credit on Polk's sagacity. view he retired." 1910.] 379 THE DIAL me. Buchanan was but one, however, of the many would not so regard it if they could look in occasionally aspirants to the Presidency whose principles, and observe the kind of people by whom I am often according to Polk, were determined by political sible to my fellow-citizens, and this gives an oppor- annoyed. I cannot seclude myself but must be acces- expediency. Few men with whom he was asso tunity to all classes and descriptions of people to obtrude ciated in public life escaped his condemnatory themselves upon me about matters in which the public judgment in this respect. During the Oregon has not the slightest interest. There is no class of our controversy, but one man, Benton, seems to have population by whom I am annoyed so much, or for whom I entertain a more sovereign contempt, than for the had the President's full confidence, and to him professed office-seekers who have beseiged me ever he turned constantly for advice and counsel. since I have been in the Presidential office. . November Later, during the Mexican War, and particu- 13, 1848: “ The herd of office-seekers are the most un- larly when Fremont's actions in California principled persons in the country. As a mass they are caused discord, Benton became less acceptable governed by no principle. As an illustration of this I received to-day a slanderous & abusive letter from a at the White House. Yet Benton's suavity and man named Henry Simpson of Philadelphia. This man courtesy always appealed to Polk, for he was annoyed me by his letters for an office for more than keenly sensitive, especially when new to office, two years of my time. He was disappointed, and now to any word or attitude that seemed to reflect that I am about retiring he vents his bitter feelings. the dignity of his position. Such persons as he contributed largely to swell the upon vote of Taylor, the Whig candidate for the Presidency As time went on Polk's personality be at the late election. This man Simpson professed to be came better known and men learned at least an ardent Democrat whilst he was seeking office from to respect his determination and his gift in He will now, I have little doubt, profess to be a party maneuvring. The Whig and be among the crowd of office seekers to to win occupies game Gen'l Taylor. There are thousands of unprincipled much more space than the larger objects for men like him who vote in elections according to their which the game is played. Polk understood calculation of chances to get an office. The party in better than any public man of his time, save power will always be weakened by the votes of this Benton, the importance of the acquisition of class of persons.” January 10, 1849: “One Lady California ; and yet Sloat's seisure of Monterey point a gentleman whom she named who is now a clerk (Mrs. B.) a widow, called and importuned me to ap- receives but a scant ten lines of notice. Was in one of the Departments. She appealed to me to the California occupation so largely a foregone appoint him upon the ground that she desired to marry conclusion that no comment was called for, him provided he could get an office that would support or was Sloat's action appreciated only in the a family. She was a gay person of good character, accustomed to good society, and was rather a pretty retrospect ? Yet Polk generally believes that he She said she could not marry her lover while held the statesman's point of view. On the last he was a Clerk, but that if I would appoint him a Pay- night of his term as President (March 3, 1849), master in the army she would do so and would be very he makes the following entry, of peculiar inter happy. The dispensation of the patronage of the Gov- ernment will weaken if not break down any administra- est in these days of intense discussion of federal tion.” January 11, 1849: “Men and women annoyed conservation : me for office for themselves, their relatives, and friends. “I find that I have omitted to notice the passage by The people of the U. S. have no adequate conception of Congress, after night of this day's proceedings, of a Bill the number of persons who seek to live upon the Gov- to establish the Department of the Interior, or home erment, instead of applying themselves to some honest Department. It was presented to me for my approval calling to make a living. Several of those who called late at night and [I] was much occupied with other to-day have importuned me half a dozen times for duties. It was a long Bill containing many sections, office. They have no claims upon the country and no and I had but little time to examine it. I had serious individual merit. I cannot exclude them from my objections to it, but they were not of a constitutional office, though I hold them in very low repute, and character and I signed it with reluctance. I fear its indeed I almost loath them when I see them entering consolidating tendency. I apprebend its practical opera- tion will be to draw power from the states, where the Constitution has reserved it, & to extend the jurisdiction With such demands upon his time and for- and power of the U. S. by construction to an unwar- bearance, surely even the Presidential office rantable extent. Had I been a member of Congress I had its drawbacks. would have voted against it.” The period of Polk's administration was a Judged by mere space, political management fateful one in American history, and whether occupied most of Polk's attention ; and yet upon in relation to the play of parties, to Oregon, to the subject of office-seekers and their persis- the Mexican War, or to the great question of tence, words fail him, though his steadily in- the use of the new territories, the four volumes creasing irritation and disgust frequently occupy of the Diary offer a rich opportunity and a October 19, 1848, he writes : great incentive to historical research. “ The office of President is generally esteemed a very high & dignified position, but really I think the public EPHRAIM DOUGLASS ADAMS. woman. my door.” his pen. 380 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL DIAL one. а A GUIDE-BOOK TO FICTION.* desirability of an amiable introduction into the Mr. Arthur Ransome, after editing collect- criticism of types of fiction, and his book is ions of stories for the British public, has written a not unsuccessful attempt to provide one. a guide-book for his readers. He has begun, Although there are many interesting theories not very happily, in the obscure regions of and brilliant characterizations to be credited to primitive story-telling; he has followed more the author, much of its historical and critical brilliantly with chapters on the narrative of material is not new; but it would be difficult to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, has classi- find a summary of the development of the art fied the English novel of the eighteenth century of fiction more likely to be read through and into masculine and feminine, and concluded enjoyed. with very interesting discussions of such French, Mr. Ransome has not found his task an easy English, and American innovators as Scott, The paths of literary personality are Hugo, Poe, and Flaubert. His book is one that seductive to the writer for non-professional forces a reviewer to quote again that much over- audiences, and one can see the author turning worked description of a certain kind of modern away again and again from subjects more pleas- criticism, -"the adventures of a soul amidst ant than types and purposes in story-telling. masterpieces.” The author, as in most criticism His restraint is praiseworthy. It has enabled of this nature, is sometimes inclined to put too him to bend in a truly critical manner the lives, much emphasis upon the adventures of his soul, the tastes, the ideas, and the world of his and too little upon the absolute worth of the authors towards an explanation of their art, masterpieces. He sits with a pipe in his mouth, and this is a service in which more scholarly cup of tea at his elbow (the description is his), critics have often failed because of their very and runs over the centuries and their stories single-mindedness. At the expense of thorough- with an audacity that must shock the modern ness, and occasionally of accuracy, he has given student of periods. And yet he writes pleasantly, a desirable breadth to his survey of fiction is informing, sometimes illuminating; and above which more laborious students have often all he tries, in a jocular fashion, to do some- missed. The cost must not be overlooked. To thing new. He is one of the first to attempt to classify all primitive narrative into the Warn- popularize the study of narrative technique. ing Example and the Embroidered Exploit is It is a much easier and perhaps a more im- amusing, but ignores the animistic origin of portant task to write of personalities than of much of our story-telling. Letters were by technique in literature. No wonder, then, that no means new in narrative when Richardson most critics of literature have chosen the former began, and it was less the letter form than the for their subject. And yet, for a history of adoption of the plot of the novella for such the changing varieties of literary types, form, material as Addison and Steele had been busy with the technical methods which lead to it, is with which helped him to be new himself.” all important. It is the register of that which If it is most interesting to connect Poe with belongs to art and not to psychology in those Godwin, who also constructed his stories with a changes, and alone can give an effective unity “powerful interest ” always in view, it is none to the whole. A writer upon such a subject the less important that his close connection with must keep form chiefly in view. But unfortu the English and German romanticism of his nately it is only the artist and the critic who have own day should be shown. And one wonders a natural interest in technical methods. The whether it is safe, even in a book which counts casual reader is after the kernel, and seldom by centuries, to stop with Flaubert, as the cares for the shell. Being unaware that content “ultimate development of the Romantic move- and form are interdependent, he shies from a ment without a change of name.' discussion of the latter as from a needless analy- these and other questions which arise as one sis which makes an artistic complexity of what reads are not serious except in so far as they he thought to be a simple story. The feeling make up a criticism which must necessarily be is natural; and if it be well that readers of passed upon a book of this kind. No series of fiction should sometimes consider the art as well generalizations, however brilliant, and however as the substance of their favorites, the way to sane, can be entirely satisfactory unless their critical appreciation should be made as attract substructure be broad and sound. In Mr. ive as possible. Mr. Ransome has felt the Ransome's work there is little room for sub- *A HISTORY OF STORY-TELLING. By Arthur Ransome. structure; one must too often take it upon trust. Illustrated. New York: Frederick A, Stokes Co. The powerful and complex influences of the And yet 1910.] 381 THE DIAL over Orient, Rome, and Greece, recurring in many of “The Old Wives' Tale" know so well. When forms and in many centuries, but too little we say that the new novel is quite the equal of the treated here; the stimulus from romantic Ger earlier one, possibly surpassing it in relentless real- many, not so inconsiderable as to be passed by that it is a work of extraordinary importance. ism and grim power, we say enough to indicate In without mention ; that perpetual cross-reference between the romancers of the nineteenth cen- the larger sense, it gives us an account of the social evolution of an English provincial community during tury, with whom our author chooses to deal, the closing three decades of the nineteenth century; and the realists, whom he puts aside; the close in the narrower and more intensely vitalized sense, and important relations borne by the obscure it is concerned with the fortunes of one Darius literature of an epoch to the masterpieces which Clayhanger, printer and stationer, and of his son have inspired this study, an absence of due Edwin. There are other figures, sisters, an aunt, consideration of all these makes one hesitate employees, friends, and acquaintances, but these again and again before accepting conclusions in two are dominant, and with these two alone, vividly themselves persuasive and doubtless correct. and minutely realized, typically significant, we are But there was no room, and the casual reader chiefly occupied. The tragedy of the narrative is will not endure an exhumation of the grave- tion upon the younger; Edwin has impulses and found in the crushing influence of the older genera- yards of the past! Exactly,—and here is the aspirations which might have borne fruit in a more root of the whole matter. If Mr. Ransome favorable environment, but he is just lacking in the had put more paper on his desk, more scholar- strength of will needed to free him from the iron ship in his ink bottle, and more reading of dull tyranny of prescription. The struggle is soon and forgotten fiction in his head ; if he had it is a struggle that hardly gets outside the made a new contract with his publishers, and arena of his own thoughts — and he settles down to served notice upon the light-minded among his plod in his father's footsteps, take on the abhorred readers, he might have grasped that admirable business, and forget that he has ever been tempted to revolt. This novel is, as we said of the earlier opportunity to write a thorough survey of fiction which his methods and his good judgment seem one, a tale of mean lives in mean surroundings, but the truth of its portrayal is so insistent that we to have given him. But he or any one might are ready to acquiesce in the absence of most of readily fail in so arduous a task, whereas he the elements that go to make up ordinary romance. has certainly presented us with a moderately The author is so afraid of drifting into any sem- comprehensive, occasionally brilliant, and thor blance of sentimentality that he seems at times oughly readable popularization of the technique positively inhuman. His own hatred for Darius of fiction. HENRY SEIDEL CANBY. matches that of the son, and even the spectacle of the old man in his last stage of hopeless paresis can hardly wring from him a suggestion of tender sym- pathy. It is impossible to describe this book in RECENT FICTION.* honest terms that shall make it appear attractive, What Mr. Arnold Bennett calls “the inherent yet such is its power that we would not spare a and appalling sadness of existence” is the real single page; the very trivialities with which it theme of his “Clayhanger,” which by accident only find them interesting against our will, and we must mainly deals are touched with such genius that we is a story of life in the Five Towns which readers admit that they are needed for the total effect of CLAYHANGER, By Arnold Bennett. New York: E. P. the composition. The book is open to one serious Dutton & Co. HELEN WITH THE HIGH HAND. An Idyllic Diversion. criticism. Hilda, the young woman whom Edwin By Arnold Bennett. New York: George H. Doran Co. loves, and who accepts him in one moment only to MASTERS OF THE WHEAT-LANDS. By Harold Bindloss. turn from him in the next, is not a real person in New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. the present narrative. As some one says of her, THE REFUGEE. The Strange Story of Nether Hall. By Captain Charles Gilson, New York: The Century Co. “She's nothing at all for about six months at a THE DOCTOR's Lass. By Edward C. Booth. New stretch, and then she has one minute of the grand York: The Century Co. style.” We learn why she is thus left a mystery THE GREATEST WISH IN THE WORLD. By E. Temple Thurston. New York : Mitchell Kennerley. when we read the appended note which promises a THE LOST AMBASSADOR; or, The Search for the Missing whole novel about her next year, and we have no Delora. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Boston: Little, Brown, doubt that we shall know her inmost nature when & Co. that novel shall be in our hands; but it is certainly AT THE VILLA Rose. By A. E. W. Mason. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. a defect of artistry thus deliberately to evade the HARMEN Pols. By Maarten Maartens. New York: full responsibilities of one work in order to keep John Lane Co. sufficient material for another yet to be written. THE LADY OF THE SPUR. By David Potter. Phila- delphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. Her conduct, as we here get glimpses of it, has BURNING DAYLIGHT. By Jack London. New York : neither rhyme nor reason, while her appearance The Macmillan Co. and her character are so inadequately portrayed .. 382 (Nov. 16, THE DIAL that Edwin's infatuation is nowise accounted for. pendant to Mr. Bennett's gloomy large-scale depic- To the present reader of Edwin's age, which means tions of the Five Towns. in the early fifties, the book has a special interest A modified version of the tale of Tristan and in which younger readers cannot share. Pursuant Isolde is given us in “ Masters of the Wheat-Lands," to his larger purpose, the author has filled his nar by Mr. Harold Bindloss. An English wheat-farmer rative with echoes from the past, which evoke in us in the Canadian Northwest has for years been all sorts of dim memories. The things that were betrothed to a girl in England. She has been self- doing in the outside world, and of which even the supporting as a singer, but the loss of her voice Five Towns got some sort of inkling — political throws her upon the world, and the man realizes happenings, currents of fresh thought, and the that the time has come for the fulfilment of his progress of civilization - are brought into personal pledge. But he cannot very well leave his farm, relations with the Clayhanger prejudices, and thus and so he deputes a neighbor (who is going to Eng- we read from time to time of such matters as land anyway) to bring the promised bride out to Colenso and the higher criticism, home rule, Glad her new home. His choice of a messenger is ill- stone and Parnell, the Queen's Jubilee, the obstinacy advised, for the man who undertakes the mission is of Northampton in sending Bradlaugh to Parlia a hero of the type frequently depicted by Mr. Bind- ment, the “prayer gauge” (here by a curious slip loss, and the man who sends him is a shiftless sort attributed to Thompson instead of Tyndall), “The of person, weak of will, and coarsened by his life on Light of Asia," and the early epidemics of influenza. the prairie. The young woman draws the inevitable All these historical matters are deftly made to serve comparison, and when she reaches her new home, their purpose in the author's work of characteriza finds that she and her former lover have grown hope- tion, and at the same time to help to bring back a half- lessly away from one another. It is a long while forgotten age. There are to be two more novels in before the claims of conscience and the call of duty the series — the story of Hilda, already spoken of, are adjusted to the new state of affairs, but in the and a final volume dealing with the life of Edwin end Tristan (without Tristan's treachery) prevails and Hilda after their long-delayed marriage. over the rather despicable King Marke, who, for his If we had not previously received proofs of Mr. part, finds facile consolation in another quarter. Bennett's versatility, we should wonder that the The story thus offers something of a variant upon same pen should have produced “Clayhanger” | the author's stereotyped plan of construction, al- and “Helen with the High Hand.” • In the Five though in the matters of description and characteri- Towns,” he says, “human nature is reported to be zation it follows familiar lines. What finally wins so hard that you can break stones upon it.” This the heroine is a Quixotic enterprise undertaken by readers of "Clayhanger" will readily admit, but the hero for the rescue of an old-time companion when he adds that “sometimes it softens, and then stranded in the wilds of Kamschatka. This adven- we have one of our rare idylls of which we are very ture, brought to a successful issue, is given us with proud,” the assertion needs the confirmation supplied great detail, and, although interesting enough in it- by the light-hearted comedy of “ Helen with the self, makes too great a gap in the continuity of the High Hand.” The young woman thus designated narrative. When the hero returns, affairs are is the great-stepniece of James Ollerenshaw, a brought to a swift conclusion. bachelor of sixty, and the miserly accumulator of Captain Gilson's story of “The Refugee" is a miserable weekly shillings from the several hundred spirited romance of the Napoleonic period. The cottages which he owns. Owing to an ancient feud, chief figure is a fascinating and villainous French- he has not recognized Helen's existence for the man who joins the ranks of the emigrés, finds shelter twenty-five years of her life, but one day that de in an English country home, and makes love to the signing young woman insinuates herself into his life daughter of the house. But he is not fascinating to the extent of becoming his housekeeper without enough to blind the object of his affections to his asking his permission. The shock is twofold, for real character, and when he fails to win her by fair she gives him surprisingly good things to eat, and means, resorts to foul. Having become a turncoat worries the wits out of him by her reckless expendi- and a spy in the pay of Napoleon, he plots to further ture. She soon has him as wax in her hands, per the impending invasion, and incidentally to kidnap suades him, by alternate cajolery and the threat of the girl. The story of his evil machinations and going away, to purchase a mansion and live in it, how they are foiled makes agreeable reading, and and in the end he is prepared weakly to submit to provides us with picturesque companions, notable her most irrational demands. His enlarged acquaint- among whom is the celebrated highwayman who ance with feminine nature inspires him to the auda gets mixed up in the plot, and whose audacious ex- city of loving and winning a portly widow of the ploits make us almost sorry for him when he is at town (not without encouragement, it must be ad last laid by the heels. mitted), and his evolution is complete. Meanwhile, Readers who found in Mr. Booth's “ The Post Helen has a little love affair of her own, which her Girl" one of the most charming of last year's novels resourceful talent enables her to bring to the desired will take similar pleasure in reading its successor, issue. It is capital fooling, humorously charming “ The Doctor's Lass.” The doctor is a country prac- from start to finish, and we are glad to have it as a titioner in Yorkshire, and his life has been blighted 1910.] 383 THE DIAL many years before by the flight of his betrothed kind that must be described as padding, and had with another man. He has brooded over it ever far better have been excised. since, fallen into slovenly ways, and taken to drink. The sort of story that Mr. E. Phillips Oppenheim Now comes a letter from the deathbed of the woman writes (at the rate of about two a year) may make no who had wronged him, describing the miserable claim to serious critical consideration, but it cannot consequences of her action, and begging the doctor be denied that the author has acquired an admirable to look after her child, a girl of twelve or there- technique of the sort demanded by the novel of abouts. The responsibility is reluctantly assumed, intrigue and mystery. He never lets the interest and the child is sent for. But she looks like her drag, he contrives dramatic situations in rapid suc- mother, and the doctor cannot bear the sight. The cession, and he keeps his secret well in hand until bulk of the book tells how she insinuates herself the time comes to let it out. «« The Lost Ambas- into his affections, makes him mend his ways, and sador" offers a typical example of Mr. Oppenheim's in the course of the proper number of years, aston craftsmanship, and its easy man-of-the-world manner ishes him with the discovery that he is in love with makes it entertaining reading. The hero discovers her. There must, of course, be a set-back, and this the heroine in the first chapter, constitutes himself is provided by her fancied attachment to a curate, her knight-errant, believes in her when appearances which makes the doctor very miserable. Then her are most against her, and earns his final reward by father turns up, a drunken criminal, and resorts to the intelligence and devotion with which he ferrets blackmail. This is too much for the curate, who out the mystery in which she has become entangled. loses no time in showing his colors, whereupon the It is all very neatly managed and to fairly exciting girl discovers that it is her guardian whom she really effect. loves after all. The story is rather excessively drawn Most detective stories plunge us into bewilder- out at times, and the agony a little more pro ment and keep us there until the closing chapter, tracted than it need be, but there are interest and when we are vouchsafed a hurried and forced ex- vitality and wholesome charm in every chapter, and planation that does not half explain. If it were worth a style that is far out of the common. while (which it usually isn't), we should have to go In its central situation, “The Greatest Wish in through the whole story again to untie all of its knots the World,” by Mr. E. Temple Thurston, is not with the help thus tardily furnished. Now Mr. unlike Mr. Booth's appealing story. It is, of course, A. E. W. Mason, who writes “At the Villa Rose,” a very old situation, being that created when a girl, claims our gratitude for the particularity with which reared from early childhood by a man of middle he clears things up at the end, and his example de age, so entwines herself in his affections as to create serves imitation. Otherwise, the story is of fairly an almost tragic complication when the mating conventional pattern. The scene is at Aix-les-Bains, impulse possesses her, and he is threatened with the and the interest is in the murder of a rather vulgar going out of the very light of his life. The artistic middle-aged woman. Her companion (the heroine) solution of this problem is probably to face the facts is suspected, and the man whom we at first take for and let nature have her way, but if the novelist is the hero turns out to be the criminal. Then the sentimentally inclined he will follow the path of story takes an unexpected turn, for the celebrated least resistance, as Mr. Booth does, and leave the French detective who has unravelled the mystery girl in the protecting care of the man who is old finds that he has also won the love of the young enough to be her father. No such evasion is possible woman whose name he has cleared. to Mr. Thurston, however, for the guardian of his Although Dutch types of character have provided heroine is a Catholic priest and there is nothing for the leading figures in the later novels of “Maarten it but that he should nerve himself for the inevitable Maartens,” they have been given something like a bereavement. His Peggy is a very lovable creature, cosmopolitan setting, and been shaped by the in- but her sailor-suitor seems to be quite worthy of her, fluences of the larger world. In “ Harmen Pols,” and the misunderstanding which almost causes her however, the author recurs to his earlier task, and to end her days in a convent is happily cleared up, draws his inspiration wholly from his native air. with the connivance of Father O'Leary, just in time He has indeed, in local visualization and narrow con- to save two young lives for earthly happiness. “The centration of purpose, given us a more intimate pic- Greatest Wish in the World” is of course, that of ture of Dutch life—the racy and circumscribed life having a child to cherish, and this is equally shared of the Dutch peasant- than is to be found in any by Father O'Leary and his rather terrifying house of the book's predecessors. It is a very small plot that keeper, both of whom must suffer when Peggy | he cultivates, but the cultivation is in the highest takes her flight. The poignancy of the situation is degree intensive. He has set himself to describe softened for us as much as possible, and a sort of the spiritual tragedy of three lives — the peasant- sunset glow — the radiance of bright memories proprietor, weighted with a morbid sense of im- is made to play about their lives that are left desolate.agined guilt, his wife, faithful in act but faithless in The story is very genuine and very human, but we thought because self-convicted of the sin of cher- do not quite like the affectation of familiarity with ishing an earlier love, and their son, for whom a the reader in which the author so frequently in spiritual crisis is prepared just as he is reaching dulges. There is much impertinent matter of this manhood. A claim, long ignored but strictly legal, 384 (Nov. 16, THE DIAL rescue. is made upon the family farm, and the household is portraiture.“ portraiture. “Daylight” has a “hunch” that makes threatened with ruin. The boy tries to set matters him one of the first discoverers of the Klondike, and to rights, and uncovers a complication of old in carries him through speculative operations whereby iquities that threatens the very citadel of his soul. he “cleans up some ten millions in a couple of This test is the making of his character, and the years. Then he betakes himself to New York, where redeeming ministries of pity and love achieve his a group of high financiers successfully “play him The reality of the book fairly grips the for a sucker," and transfer the ten millions to their reader, and the harsh outlines of the grim narrative own pockets. Being a superman, he then forces are softened by tender and imaginative touches. them to disgorge at the pistol's point, and carries his The power of the story is no less marked than its ten millions back to the Pacific coast. Settling in fidelity to fact, and it is, as far as the chief figures San Francisco, he plunges into the financial game are concerned, a triumph of artistic characterization. himself (having profited by experience), and his ten “The Lady of the Spur," by Mr. David Potter, millions soon grow to thirty in consequence of a is a story of love and excitement, with the adven- series of unscrupulous enterprises, which reveal him turous sort of hero and the pert sort of heroine that as the most desperate cut-throat of the gang. But can always be counted on to provide entertainment. one day he discovers that his muscles are growing It offers a slight departure from the conventional flabby, and that he has been drinking too much for type in the setting provided for it, which plunges his health. his health. At the same time he discovers unex- us neither into the thick of modern life nor into the pected charms in his private stenographer, and pur- romantic atmosphere of the far distant past. The sues her with his customary violence. But to his period is something less than a hundred years ago, surprise she will have none of his millions, persuad- when the name of Andrew Jackson was one to ing him that the game is not worth the cost, and that conjure with, and the scene is in the pine barrens what he really needs is to cultivate the simple life. of New Jersey. One Tom Bell, an escaped high Whereupon he “chucks ” the whole game, throws wayman under sentence of death, returns to this his fortune into the scrap-heap, and retires to a place after some years of absence, trusting that he modest ranch to earn a living by the sweat of his is so changed as to be safe from recognition. He brow. The young woman, seeing what havoc her comes to bring news of the death of one Henry influence has wrought, can do no less than go with Morvan, who has been his chum on the Missouri. him, yielding to the man what she had obstinately But when he arrives, he is impelled to pass himself refused to the millionaire. His regeneration is off as Morvan, whereby he takes possession of valu worked out with less of the usual bathos than might able estates, and takes up the life of a country have been expected, and is a thoroughgoing perform- gentleman. His new life is beset by many perils, ance. The whole story is deliciously and glaringly because his unexpected appearance frustrates the absurd, and done in the crudest of colors, but it has hopes of the rightful heirs, and a gang of masked the merits of swift action and forcible expression, night-riders seeks to scare him away. He keeps up and is, on the whole, rather better work than the the imposture for the sake of a fair cousin with author has been giving us of late. He preaches a whom he falls in love, and balks the schemes of gospel that is wholesome (barring its socialistic various villains at much personal danger. Finally, vagaries) and much needed in our frenzied com- he makes a full confession, but the haughty heroine WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. has capitulated, and then it turns out that he had never really been a highwayman, but a scapegoat, and that President Jackson has long since signed a full pardon for him. Thus is he ingeniously ex- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. tricated from what seems an impossible situation, and we may henceforth approve of him without It is well to use some emphasis in the stirrings of conscience that have troubled us of mediums speaking of the “Studies in Spirit- heretofore. The story is an exceptionally good one and spirits. ism” by Dr. Amy E. Tanner, who of its rather trifling but undoubtedly entertaining has had the active cooperation of Dr. G. Stanley kind. Hall in preparing her papers for publication. As a His real name is Elam Harnish, but they call scientific survey of an elusive group of phenomena him “ Burning Daylight," a fact ostensibly ac popularly misconceived, and by the prestige of counted for by a rather pointless anecdote, but better “psychic researchers” distorted to support an alien explained by the natural revolt of sensible men construction, the present book (Appleton) becomes a against such a legal appellation as belongs to him. serious plea for the rights of both logic and psy- His habitat is Alaska, where he is a superman, ex chology. Toward any very special subject, the public celling all his fellows in feats of strength and daring, can assume but a casual attitude, and must perforce in recklessness at the gaming-table, and in general judge by general appearances and draw distinctions deviltry. Mr. Jack London, who has fashioned him loosely. To such, psychology and “psychic re- for our delectation, evidently likes him, and glories search" seem much alike; and the former has at in his varied brutalities, which is not surprising when times been looked upon as a dull evasion of the we think of certain of the author's earlier essays in latter. Their very different manner of conducting mercial age. A sane view 1910.] 385 THE DIAL and whimsical. man. their affairs is too commonly overlooked. Hence the A new sheaf of those sprightly essays Essays, jocund need of emphasis to make an impression. Further- wherewith Dr. Samuel McChord more, a sensational eagerness for the marvellous and Crothers periodically entertains and the obscure inclines to all that makes for the reality not seldom instructs “Atlantic” readers, is just at of telepathy, and for the evidential value of Mrs. hand. “ Among Friends" (Houghton) takes its Piper's sittings, and for the superphysical origin of name from the opening paper, which treats, among Paladino's table levitations. The public listens only other things, of that good understanding and good when a dramatic collapse makes a clatter that finds humor which make possible the exhilarating give a response in shouting headlines. Mrs. Piper cannot and take of good conversation. “ The Anglo- bedramatically exposed; she must be rendered trans American School of Polite Unlearning ” is a whimsi- parent to a reflective insight. Yet that difference cal account of a supposed institution for the cure of does not obscure the important point in common: international prejudice. “ The Hundred Worst that the interpretation of such phenomena as revela Books” and “The Convention of Books" will tickle tions of unknown forces is just superstition, pure and the erudite and those whose days are passed in simple, only not very pure and not very simple. libraries. “In Praise of Politicians " has a good For a stirring arraignment of this modern revival of word to say even for the opportunist in statecraft, outworn attitudes, Dr. Hall's masterly introduction and it offers for our acceptance the useful word should be read. How far it will serve as an antidote “politicaster” (after the analogy of “poetaster”) seems uncertain; but it prepares the way for Miss to denote the less admirable follower of the noble Tanner's findings of the facts in the case, as they ap- calling of politics, as distinguished from the politi- peared in six well-arranged sittings. The record is cian who will be known after his death as a states- inevitably detailed, and to some the reading will be Missionary Life in Persia, with Some tedious. But it is all necessary to the analysis, as Remarks on Liking One's Job” cannot be character- well as to show the hollowness of Mrs. Piper's (or ized in two lines ; but it finely advocates the sports- her protagonists') pretences, and the amateurish manlike and cheery attitude toward the task in irrelevance of the telepathic and similar “eviden hand. “The Colonel in the Theological Seminary," tial ” hypotheses. Suffice it to say that Mrs. Piper “The Romance of Ethics,” and “The Merry and her spirit controls fell into obvious traps, and Devil of Education ” indicate merely by their titles made just such good guesses and such bad ones as that happy conceits and amusing freaks of fancy, were natural for her natural assumptions, assisted together with a sufficiency of more serious matter, by a skilful “fishing” for clues and a practised are to be found in the chapters which they head. handling of the landing-net. The psychological side While the book abounds in its author's customary of the story is the more interesting: on the part of felicities of style and happy turns of thought, it the sitters, much favorable prejudice, more prepos seems to betray here and there a suggestion of the session and exaggeration, and a system of apologetics influence of Mr. Chesterton. It is difficult to escape that creates prodigious coincidences of incidental the Chestertonic infection even if one has never read trifles; on the medium's side, a trance-state that finds him. He is in the air. But we are assured that explanation as a variant of secondary personality, Dr. Crothers both reads and admires his British suggestive in the mode of its absorbing its mental contemporary essayist. The following fragment stimulus and its suppressed reactions to the situa from “ Among Friends” inevitably reminds one of tions. The trance-personality, Dr. Hall regards as the staccato style so familiar to us from across the sufficiently near of kin to the responsible Mrs. Piper water: “Find out what Natural Law is about to to enable her to prepare a very illuminating account make everybody do, and do it before they know of the doings of her silent partner. Yet on the whole what it is. That is success. Success consists, not there is no great excitement in these four hundred in doing what you want to do and doing it well; it pages; though the presentation of the evidence does is doing what you have to do and being quick about not lag, and the summing up and charge to the public it.” With the style, something of its originator's jury are most ably delivered. It is a book worth superabundance of thoughts and subter-abundance a large and serious attention. Its point of view of thought may possibly be discovered ; yet we would should be absorbed, and the significance of the case not positively affirm this. It is a tendency, how- appreciated. Those with predilections for flying to ever, to be guarded against. forces that we know not of, owe it a careful hearing. Such a volume is indeed needed, and the investiga- Mr. Albert Gehring, in his interesting tions that make it strong and sound, while not in and mystery and valuable book on “ The Basis themselves over-fruitful, will in the end make possible of Music. of Musical Pleasure" (Putnam), an attitude of wholesome interest in the true signi treats his subject mainly from the inductive and ficance of even the vagaries of the mental life. For external side. He states that there is as yet no this service, Miss Tanner and Dr. Hall deserve and such thing as a genuine explanation of the pleasure will receive much credit. They must also be pre- inherently belonging to music, although we have pared to learn something about their motives and many indications of the varied sources from which conduct and intelligence that their conscious selves that pleasure springs. He discusses the power of have not as yet revealed to them. tone, the significance of musical form, the halo of The charm 386 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL DIAL as The note-book of an old-school lawyer of associative fascinations by which music is encircled, ills known and unknown elsewhere. If the climate the effectiveness of music in its power to symbolize were different, if legislation could be modified, if it in many ways the light or serious experiences of were not for the rabbit pest, and so on with a gen- men, and the remarkable parallelisms which exist erous provision of ifs, Australia would be the ideal between the intellectual and emotional life of the of what a country ought to be. Pending the reali- race on the one side and the structure and develop- zation of these conditions, most of us are content to ment of music on the other. To this last section visit this over-grown and under-populated island in of his subject he gives his best and most decided the pages of such generously communicative travel- attention; and it is certainly worthy of the promi- lers and writers as Mr. Fraser. On an early page he nence in which he puts it. In fact, it contains assigns to Australia, in his largeness of heart and within itself the possibility of an organic summation with a familiar disregard of syntax, an area of all the other sources, and the placing of them in big, or bigger, than all Europe,"—thus crediting the such relation as will make plain their comparative island with an excess of some eight hundred thou- value and importance. Mr. Gehring is everywhere sand square miles. Fifty-six excellent illustrations à suggestive and interesting writer, but he makes from photographs help the stranger to form correct no pretense to be complete or systematic, and in conceptions of this land of splendid realities and the end is altogether too modest about the results still more splendid possibilities. attained. Thus he says: “Here we must conclude our research. It is better to make a frank confession Unpretentious and briefly told are of ignorance, than to indulge in empty guesses and “A Lawyer's Recollections” (Little, untenable hypotheses. Let us hope that the problem Massachusetts. Brown, & Co.), by Mr. George A. is not essentially incapable of explanation, and that Torrey, who began the practice of his profession a day may arrive which shall witness a solution of almost half a century ago in Fitchburg, Massachu- the puzzling mysteries.” It may perhaps be said setts, and continued it later in Boston, becoming that this day has already arrived. The mystery of general counsel of the Fitchburg Railroad and trying music is neither more nor less than the mystery of cases in all but three of the counties in the State. any art. The secret of architecture is just as far to His anecdotes of the bench and bar, from his own seek as that of music, and, indeed, the two have much long and varied experience with courts and lawyers, in common. The Ninth Symphony of Beethoven are entertaining, and they bring into occasional may very well be likened to a Gothic cathedral, and near view such men of note as Judge Hoar, Senator the import of one is similar to the import of the Hoar, Mr. Richard Olney, and others. Even more other. Music, being the last of the arts to mature, interesting, for the average reader, are Mr. Torrey's is also the last to find its theory and explanation. reminiscences of his school and college days. He Mr. Gehring's book is a hopeful sign. We think entered Harvard in 1855, under the benignant ad- he will come to have a better opinion of opera ministration of President Walker and in the palmy than he seems at present to hold, and will entirely days of Professors Felton, Peirce, Child, Cook, recognize that the world of emotion, complex and Lovering, and Bowen, all of whom he recalls by intricate, finds a consummate expression in the world nickname. In his expressed conviction that the stu- of sound, cognately complex and intricate, and that dents of his time received a training such as is now the resultant music takes an equal place with the no longer to be had, he but adopts the inevitable other arts in its revelation of the best and highest belief of all college men, that alma mater was in in the experiences of mankind. The book deserves the full flush of her ripened charms during the four the attention of all lovers and students of music. years they were in college, and that she has been falling off ever since. On an early page of his book Impressions of Having published his impressions the author assigns to his own church in Fitchburg an undeveloped and opinions of various other foreign the time-honored story of the very short preacher commonwealth. countries, Mr. John Foster Fraser and the very high pulpit above which he managed, now adds Australia to the list. « Australia : The by standing on tip-toe, to show the top of his head as Making of a Nation” (Cassell) gives a picture he piped forth his text, “ It is I, be not afraid.” of the country as the author saw it in his visit of a How many other old-time churches claim to be the year ago A vast territory with but four million scene of this incident, we shall probably never know. inhabitants, and those largely congregated in a few chief cities; rather over-supplied with labor laws, The feminine side Mr. Edgcumbe Staley has recently and constrained to heed the mandates of the labor of Venetian life added another volume to his series unions; provided with government-owned railroads, under the Doges. of studies in Italian history, the sub- and needing for the development of her vast re ject this time being “The Dogaressas of Venice" sources many more miles of railroad than she is likely (Scribner). That the consorts of the doges must to get for a long time to come, this young and hope- have exerted a real influence on Venetian policies ful commonwealth is revealed in the pages of Mr. and development is evident, though in rare cases Fraser's book as a paradise not without its jungles – only does this appear on the surface of the political a land unquestionably delightful to the curious and current. The dogaressas had many responsibilities observant visitor, but suffering from a variety of and prescribed duties, though these were chiefly of 1910.] 387 THE DIAL a social character: “the patronage and direction of reprinted from “The Atlantic Monthly” of six years charities of all kinds — whether eleemosynary or ago; the other essays were also, with one exception, educational, the maintenance of the Ducal hospitali prepared originally for other purposes than book pub- ties, the reception of ambassadors, the claims of the lication. Taken together, they present, in an at- family, and the encouragement of arts and crafts.” tractive and sufficiently systematic form, the deeper But these are activities that the annalist too often beliefs and higher ideals of a scholarly and reflective fails to record, and hence the story of the dogaressas mind. Far from professing the skepticism or the is neither intensely interesting nor very instructive; agnosticism of the typical physician, Dr. Gould too often the account is limited to a name, a date or acknowledges a very positive belief, which, as we two, and a pedigree. Nevertheless, there is much understand it, has a certain pantheistic tinge. The in Mr. Staley's book that his readers will enjoy: Infinite Presence is defined as “the living synthesis pictures of Venetian life, both public and private; of all these characteristics of which we as partial descriptions of odd customs and quaint ceremonial, incarnations present only facets.” The limitations of pageants, processions, athletic tournaments, and and “the failures, His mistakes or ours," of Dr. gorgeous funerals ; of household arts, particularly Gould's non-omnipotent deity are frankly acknowl- those of the boudoir. All this All this may be regarded as edged, although elsewhere in the book the terms padding, but it is padding of a very pleasant sort. "omnipotence" and " infinite of power” occur, but The work is, indeed, more a study of feminine life rather vaguely. The author makes the stellar uni- in Venice than a history of the ducal consorts ; it verse to be of limitless extent, whatever modern is as social history that it will prove most valuable. astronomy may have to say to the contrary. In spite It is written in the author's easy, almost exuberant of an occasional apparent or real self-contradiction, style, and is provided with a number of valuable some repetition, and perhaps a little insufficiency of illustrations. clearness and conciseness, the book is both worthy of Dr. R. M. Lawrence has produced a a careful reading and is written in a style to insure it. In the by-ways of psychology useful compilation of old and mod- and medicine. ern usages, practices, and opinions, centering about the curing of physical ills by using the imagination which the mind naturally develops. BRIEFER MENTION. He calls it “Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quack- ery” (Houghton Mifflin Co.). What in primitive The crop of Baedekers revised for 1910 is now made situations was the natural belief in the efficiency of to include “ Belgium and Holland” (fifteenth edition), procedures based on accredited systems of ideas, “ Paris and Its Environs” (seventeenth edition), and becomes in more illuminated periods the survival “ Berlin and Its Environs ” (fourth edition). All are supplied with increased numbers of maps and plans. of quackery preying upon credulity. The large These books are imported by the Messrs. Scribner. share of such quackery persisting to or revived The Justin Winsor historical prize essay for 1908, now in our own time and clime gives the necessary published by the American Historical Association, is experience to make the older practices of one nature by Dr. Clarence Edwin Carter, who takes for his subject and kinship. Dr. Lawrence brings together a most “Great Britain and the Illinois Country, 1763–1774." varied collection, many of them from unusual It is based upon much material heretofore unused, and sources, of the diverse methods of appeal to the constitutes a solid contribution to American scholarship faith in the desired cure, from amulets to blue-glass in the historical field. and magic formulæ. It makes a curiously assorted The Cambridge University Press (Putnam) has string of beads, yet really united by the common completed its edition of “The Complete Works of thread of a mental influence acting upon a favorably George Gascoigne," edited by Professor John W. Cun- disposed imagination; and it leads to reflection liffe, by the publication of the second volume. This volume of six hundred pages includes “ The Glasse of upon the enduring traits of human nature, one of Government,” “The Princely Pleasures of Kenelworth which was briefly commented upon by Puck, another Castle,” « The Steele Glas,” and many other pieces in by P. T. Barnum, and yet another by Lincoln. The prose and verse. degree of human folly, the human appetite for folly, Mrs. Neltje Blanchan's “ The American Flower Gar- and the futility of folly as a permanent prescription den” (Doubleday, Page & Co.), originally published in for all men on all occasions, all find pertinence in a sumptuous limited edition, is now reprinted in cheaper the long historical range of citations brought to form, containing considerably fewer, though still a gether by this student of the by-ways of medicine generous number of illustrations in color and half-tone. and psychology Mrs. Blanchan's book stands alone in its field, and the first edition was at once too small and too expensive to Dr. George M. Gould, whose thought- satisfy the popular demand. " Religio ful and thought-generating studies Medici." Professor Paul Shorey's college text of the Odes and are by no means confined to the Epodes of Horace, first published twelve years ago, has subject of eye-strain, has brought together a number come into a new edition, the preparation of which has of his essays on religious subjects in a volume en been shared by Professor Gordon J. Laing. The changes titled “The Infinite Presence" (Moffat, Yard & Co.). consist chiefly of added references to the recent litera- The title is taken from the first chapter, which is ture of the subject, and a slight curtailment of the A new 388 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL 79 parallel passages quoted in the notes, the array remain- NOTES. ing almost as amazing as before in its range and the skill with which it is marshalled. Messrs. Benjamin H. A new series - the seventh of Mr. Paul Elmer Sanborn & Co. are still the publishers of this extraordin More's “Shelburne Essays” is announced by Messrs. arily well-edited text. Putnam. “ A Guide to Reading in Social Ethics and Allied A book of special interest to librarians is “The Paper Subjects" is the title of a unique bibliography which of Lending Library Books” by Mr. Cedric Chivers, just has just been prepared through the coöperation of more announced by the Baker & Taylor Co. than twenty teachers in Harvard University. Each A new book by Lord Rosebery, dealing with “ Lord instructor has contributed a list of the more noteworthy Chatham: His Early Life and Connections," will be books in his special field, and in almost every case bas published this month by Messrs. Harper & Brothers. added a brief criticism or analysis. Although the vol “ The Philosophy of Plato and its Relation to Modern ume is designed primarily for those engaged in social Life” is announced by Mr. B. W. Huebsch in his series service, the general reader should find in it a useful of handbooks to the lecture courses of Mr. Edward guide to the best contemporary studies of social condi Howard Griggs. tions and problems. The first English version of Björnson's comedy, “A • The Lure of the Antique" (Century Co.) is the Lesson in Marriage" or "The Newlyweds," will be attractive title of the latest book about old furniture. published this month by Brandu's of New York. The Some form of the antique allures almost everybody translator is Miss Grace Isabel Colbron. nowadays, and it is for these omnipresent amateur col- Mr. William Howe Downes, art editor of the Boston lectors that Mr. Walter A. Dyer has planned his Transcript,” is preparing the authorized biography of treatise, which covers Colonial furniture, china, mirrors, the late Winslow Homer, and would be glad to hear candle-sticks, silver, pewter and glass ware, copper from any persons possessing any of Homer's letters. utensils, and clocks. Mr. Dyer urges the advantages Only a week before her death, Mrs. Julia Ward of the Colonial period for American collectors, and of Howe was arranging with the Houghton Mifflin Co. for specialization in one field rather than dabbling in many and consequently accumulating a hodge-podge which the publication this year of a volume of “Later Poems.” Whether or not the book will now appear, we are not is likely to include plenty of “fakes." How to dis- informed. tinguish the false from the real is a matter to which he gives much attention. Another puzzling question Mr. Robert Hichens's next long novel will be published for the inexperienced buyer is the financial one: how in the fall of 1911 by Frederick A. Stokes Company, much to pay for the article you covet; what is a real who were Mr. Hichens's first publishers in America, and bargain and what a fair price. Mr. Dyer finds a rather who brought out “The Garden of Allah,” his greatest success. The new novel will be entitled “ Dolores." novel way of helping to solve this problem. His book is richly illustrated from photographs of typical antiques, “ Arts and Decoration” is the title of a new monthly and each one is given its approximate money-value. magazine to be devoted to art in relation to home- In the treatment of each subdivision of the subject the making. The periodical is issued by Adam Budge, arrangement is chronological, with emphasis on the Incorporated, of which Mr. Walter A. Johnson is presi- work of noted makers. dent. The first issue of Arts and Decoration" appears this month. Some time ago, Mrs. Bertha Feiring Tapper edited for the “ Musician's Library" of the Messrs. Ditson a The Harris Lectures for the current academic year volume of the “ Larger Piano Compositions” of Edvard at Northwestern University, Evanston, will be given Grieg. She now gives us a companion volume of Grieg's from March 23 to March 28, 1911, by Professor “Piano Lyrics and Shorter Compositions,” for which Mr. Francis B. Gummere of Haverford College. The sub- Samuel Swift has supplied a biographical and descrip- ject of the series, which will be published later in book tive introduction. The editor is herself a Norwegian, form, is “ The Progress of Poetry.” and consequently brings to her work of selection both The new book by Professor G. Maspero, which the understanding and sympathy. Eighteen opus numbers Appletons will soon publish, is entitled " Egypt: Ancient are represented, most of them by several pieces. Thus Sites and Modern Scenes.” The volume is said to con- we have the gems of the ten books of “ Lyrical Pieces,” tain a collection of charming word pictures of Egypt, the “ Peer Gynt" numbers, many of the songs tran- in which history and archæology blend with the scenes scribed, and other exquisite selections. A sheaf of less of to-day, and the past is linked to the present. pretentious musical publications from the same house The books and autographs of Edmund Clarence includes “Favorite Sacred Songs for High Voice”; Stedman, including unpublished letters and manuscripts “ The Trill in the Works of Beethoven,” by Mr. Isidor from the Brownings, Swinburne, Aldrich, Bayard Philipp; Mr. Fr. X. Schmid's “ Requiem Mass in F Taylor, Walt Whitman, Eugene Field, and others, will Minor," edited by Mr. Eduardo Marzo; a “Communion be sold at auction shortly by the Anderson Company of Service in A," by Mr. Bruce Steane; J. F. Burgmüller's New York. The library of the late S. L. Clemens “ Twenty-five Easy and Progressive Studies,” edited by (Mark Twain) will also be sold by the same company. Mr. Karl Benker; Louis Köhler's “ Little School of Some members of the bibliographical staff of “The Velocity without Octaves,” edited by Mr. Frederic E. Publishers' Weekly” office have been at work during Farrar; two books (Nos. 1-10) of Brahms's “ Hun the past summer on a classified directory of Private garian Dances,” arranged for four hands; Fritz Spind- Libraries in the United States. Material for this prom- ler's “ May-Bells,” edited by Mr. Karl Benker; Anton ising compilation has been gathered from many sources, Krause's “Three Instructive Sonatas for the Piano,” and it is planned to arrange it in three alphabets. The also edited by Mr. Benker; and a new edition, entirely first will be by names of collectors, with addresses and re-written, of “The Art of Singing,” by Mr. William some mention of the collector's specialty ; the second Shakespeare. will be geographical, by states and cities; the third, a -- - ! 1910.] 389 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. topical index, showing under each subject the names of all who have similar tastes. The little volume will probably not be ready before the end of the year, so that names of collectors not yet represented may be in- cluded if sent in during the present month. Under the title of “The Great Illusion : A Study of the Relation of Military Power to Economic Ad- vantage,” Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons will soon issue a considerably amplified edition of Mr. Norman Angell's notable pamphlet “Europe's Optical Illusion,” which is regarded in Europe as the most notable contribution to a burning question that has appeared for many years. “ English for Italians ” is the title of a forthcoming book by Miss Edith Waller which teachers in Italian neighborhoods and social workers should find of consider- able usefulness. The William R. Jenkins Co., who will issue this book, also announce a French-English and English-French Dictionary, by Professor A. S. Collot of the University of Oxford, and “Forms for Analysis and Parsing” by Mr. A. E. Sharp. The Abbey Company, of Chicago, announce that they have acquired from Messrs. Paul Elder & Co. all rights in “The Abbey Classics.” They will add to the series Whittier's “Snow-Bound,” with a critical introduction by Mr. Walter Taylor Field. The Abbey Company also announce “A German Christmas Eve," the Christ- mas episode from Heinrich Seidel's “ Leberecht Hühnchen,” translated by Miss Jane Hutchins White. The Lloyd Memorial Library, at Winnetka, I11., which was begun by the late Mrs. Henry Demarest Lloyd in memory of her husband, has been finished by her sons John and Henry D., and is now presented to the town as a memorial of both parents. About twenty-five thou- sand dollars has been spent on the handsome building, which, in accord with one of Mrs. Lloyd's provisions, has the novel feature of a combined club-room and smoking- room in the basement. Dr. Percy Louis Kaye has prepared for The Century Co. a volume of “Readings in Civil Government” to be used in schools as a companion to Mr. S. E. Forman's admirable « Advanced Civics.” The readings are not for the most part documentary, but rather extracts from the writings of eminent publicists, all the way from Hamilton to Governor Woodrow Wilson. The selection is judicious and highly informing, and we could hardly imagine a book better fitted to supplement the ordinary text-book of this subject. The Life and Times of the Right Honourable Cecil John Rhodes, 1853-1902” is the title of the authorita- tive biography of the great builder of South Africa which is only about to appear -- eight years after Rhodes's death. The book is written by Sir Lewis Mitchell, of the Executive Council of Cape Colony, a trustee and executor of Rhodes's will and formerly his private sec- retary. It is a comprehensive work in two large volumes, and will be published about the middle of November by Mr. Mitchell Kennerley. During the past summer arrangements have been completed by which the Cambridge University Press assumes the British agency for the books and journals issued by the University of Chicago Press. The under- standing is that the Cambridge Press shall have ex- clusive right to the sale of these publications throughout the British Empire (including Egypt) in the eastern hemisphere. The connection thus formed between the newest of the great universities with one of the oldest, should be a matter for congratulation in both countries. [The following list, containing 276 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. The Digressions of V: Written for his Own Fun and That of his Friends. By Elihu Vedder. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 521 pages. Hough- ton Mifflin Co. $6. net. William Sharp (Fiona Macleod): A Memoir. Com- piled by Elizabeth A. Sharp. Illustrated, large 8vo, 343 pages. Duffield & Co. $3.75 net. Grover Cleveland: A Record of Friendship. By Rich- ard Watson Gilder, Illustrated. 8vo, 270 pages. Century Co. $1.80 net. Under Five Relgns. By Lady Dorothy Nevill; edited by her son. Illustrated, large 8vo, 349 pages. John Lane Co. $5. net. George Romney. By Arthur B. Chamberlain. Illug- trated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 419 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4. net. Peter the Cruel: The Life of the Notorious Don Pedro of Castile. By Edward Storer. Illustrated in photo- gravure, etc., large 8vo, 353 pages. John Lane Co. $4. net. The Herkomers. By Sir Hubert Von Herkomer. Illus- trated, large 8vo, 263 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. The Love Affairs of Lord Byron. By Francis Gribble. Illustrated in photogravure, large 8vo, 380 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.75 net. The Dauphines of France. By Frank Hamel. Illus- trated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 413 pages. James Pott & Co. $4. net. Kings' Favorites. By Francis Bickley. Illustrated, large 8vo, 309 pages. John Lane Co. $3.50 net. Madame de Montespan and Louis XIV. By H. Noel Williams. With photogravure frontispiece, large 8vo, 384 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook. Edited by Marguerite Spalding Gerry. Illustrated, 8vo, 280 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.80 net. The Life of Charles Sumner. By Walter G. Shotwell. With portrait, 8vo, 733 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50 net. Ups and Downs of a Wandering Life. By Walter Sey- mour. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, 308 pages. D. Appleton & Co. Jeanne d'Arc: The Maid of France. By Mary Rogers. Bangs. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 351 pages. Houghton Mimin Co. $1.25 net. Ulrich Von Hutten, "Knight of the Order of Poets." By David Starr Jordan 12mo, 42 pages. Boston: American Unitarian Association. 60 cts. net. 66 HISTORY. Mediæval Italy from Charlemagne to Henry VII. By Professor Pasquale Villari. Illustrated in photo- gravure, etc., large 8vo, 392 pages. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $3.75 net. The Servian People: Their Past Glory and their Des- tiny. By Prince and Princess Lazaroyich-Hrebell- anovich. In 2 volumes, illustrated, large 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons. $5. net. The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy: An Historical Essay on the Boundaries between Legislation and Adjudication in England. By Charles Howard McIlwain. Large 8vo, 408 pages. Yale University Press. $2.50 net. Napoleon and the End of the French Revolution. By Charles F. Warwick. Illustrated, 8vo, 481 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $2.50 net. The History of England from the Accession of Edward VI. to the Death of Elizabeth (1547-1603). By A. F. Pollard, M. A. With maps, large 8vo, 524 pages. "Political History of England." Longmans, Green, & Co. $2. net. Life in the Roman World of Nero and St. Paul. By T. G. Tucker. Illustrated, large 8vo, 453 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. The Influence of Wealth in Imperial Rome. By William Stearns Davis. 8vo, 340 pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net. 390 [Nov. 16, THE DIAL A History of the War of Secession, 1861-1865. By Ros- siter Johnson. Fifth edition, revised and enlarged; 8vo, 573 pages. Wessels & Bissell Co., $2. net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Imaginary Interviews. By W. D. Howells. Illustrated, 8vo, 359 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2. net. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Study. By Arthur Ran- some. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, 237 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2.50 net. At the New Theatre and Others: The American Stage, Its Problems and Performances, 1908-1910. By Wal- ter Prichard Eaton. 12mo, 359 pages. Small, May- nard & Co. $1.50 net. Our House and the People in It. By Elizabeth Robins Pennell. 12mo, 373 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net. Attitudes and Avowals, with Some Retrospective Re- views. By Richard Le Gallienne. 12mo, 350 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. Old People. By Harriet E. Paine; with introduction by Alice Brown, 12mo, 256 pages. Houghton Mif- flin Co. $1.25 net. English Tragicomedy: Its Origin and History. By Frank Humphrey Ristine, Ph. D. Large 8vo, 247 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. Essays and Studies by Members of the English Asso- ciation. Collected by A. C. Bradley. 8vo, 196 pages. Oxford University Press. Three Philosophical Poets: Lucretius, Dante, and Goethe. By George Santayana. 8vo, 215 pages. Cambridge: Harvard University. Six Essays on Johnson. By Walter Raleigh. 8vo, 176 pages. Oxford University Press. The Hidden Signatures of Francesco Colonna and Francis Bacon: A Comparison of their Methods. By William Stone Booth. Illustrated, large 8vo, 67 pages. Boston: W. A. Butterfield. Paper. Herbs and Apples. By Helen Hay Whitney. Illus- trated, 8vo, 65 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net. Poems. By Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensselaer. 12mo, 140 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net. Voices from Erin, and Other Poems. By Denis A. McCarthy. New edition; with portrait, 12mo, 32 pages. Little, Brown, & Co. $1. net. Lavender and Other Verse. By Edward Robeson Tay- lor. 12mo, 129 pages. Paul Elder & Co. $2. net. The Tragedy of Nan, and Other Plays. By John Mase- field. 12mo, 114 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25 net. Dante: A Dramatic Poem. By Héloise Durant Rose, With frontispiece, 12mo, 244 pages. Mitchell Ken- nerley. $2. net. Short Plays from Dickens, for the Use of Amateur and School Dramatic Societies. Edited by Horace B, Browne, M. A. Illustrated, 12mo, 197 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net. Driftwood, and Other Poems. By Florence E. De Cerkey. 12mo, 121 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50. The Breaking of Bonds: A Drama of the Social Un- rest. By Arthur Davison Ficke. 12mo, 79 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. A Little Patch of Blue, and Other Poems. By Gazelle Stevens Sharp. 12mo, 144 pages. Richard G. Badger. Songs and Sonnets. By Webster Ford. 16mo, 90 pages. Chicago: Rooks' Press. The Lorelel, and Other Poems with Prose Settings. By Henry Brownfield Scott. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 114 pages. Werner Co. + NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. On Life and Letters. By Anatole France; translated by A. W. 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Catalogue of Americana Sent Free on Application Lexington Book Shop New York City AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 120 East 59th Street -- - THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. No. 587. DECEMBER 1, 1910. Vol. XLIX. . HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS- continued. Verse, illustrated by W. Heath Robinson, Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer, illustrated by Worth Brehm. - Browning's Pippa Passes and Men and Women, illustrated by E. Fortescue Brickdale. Sue's Mysteries of Paris, Crowell's holiday edition.-Bret Harte's Salomy Jane, illustrated by Harrison Fisher and Arthur I. Keller. – Mies Crawford's Romantic Days in Old Boston. - Mrs. Lang's A Land of Romance. – Mrs. Terhune's Where Ghosts Walk, third series. Stanton's Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur.-Crothers's The Book of Friendship. -Lucas's The Second Post.-Olcott's George Eliot: Scenes and People in her Novels. — Miss Keller's Song of the Stone Wall.-Mr. and Mrs. Shackleton's Adventures in Home-Making. - Mrs. Rawson's Bess of Hardwick. - Hartmann's Landscape and Figure Composition.-Ebbutt's Hero-Myths and Legends of the British Race. -- Hanson's Frontier Ballads. — Barbour's The Golden Heart. -Onoto Watanna's Tama. – Harrison Fisher's A Garden of Girls. Riley's A Hoosier Romance, illustrated by John W. Adams. – Mrs. Wiggin's Rebecca of Sannybrook Farm, holiday edition. – Miss Judson's-Myths and Legends of the Pacific Northwest. Stirling-Maxwell's Stories of the Spanish Artists until Goya. — Miss Warren's A Book of Friendship.— Tittle's Colonial Holidays.-Rait's English Episcopal Palaces. THE SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG . 477 NOTES. 482 TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS 483 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 484 . CONTENTS. PAGE TOLSTOY, .. 445 THE LANDSCAPE PAINTER IN LIFE AND LITERATURE, Charles Leonard Moore 447 TOLSTOY'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WOMAN PROBLEM, Amalie K. Boguslawsky 449 CASUAL COMMENT 451 A forgotten American poet. - A master of subtle effects. - The dedication of the Hay Memorial Li- brary. – This year's winner of the Nobel prize for literature. – An annual reminder of the swift lapse of time. — The superiority of an uncut” copy. - The classification of library workers.-A newspaper of newspapers. - An instance of literary masquer- ading.- Pungent utterances from Balzac. — Homer's undying charm.- John Morley the writer and John Morlty the statesman. - The season's abundance of biographies of public men. COMMUNICATION . 454 Macanlay, Mr. Hutson, and the Writing of History. Carl Becker, A POET OF THE WORLD. William Morton Payne 455 TWENTY YEARS OF SOCIAL REGENERATION. W. H. Carruth . 459 TUE BEAUTY OF THE WORLD. Edward E. Hale, Jr. .. 462 THE DIVERTING DIGRESSIONS OF A CELE BRATED ARTIST. Percy F. Bicknell 464 THE NEWEST BOOK OF PARIS. Warren Barton Blake 466 NOTES OF A VETERAN PRINTSELLER. Frederick W. Gookin .. 467 HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS—I... Hichens's The Holy Land.-Edwards's Brittany and the Bretons.- Miss Atkinson's A Château in Brittany. - Mackenzie's Pompeii.-Peixotto's Romantic Cali- fornia.- Ogilvy's Relics and Memorials of London Town.- Johnson's Highways and Byways of the Rocky Mountains.-Kuhns's Switzerland.-Adams's Photographing in Old England. - Chambers's The Mississippi and its Wonderful Valley. - Fletcher's Oxford and Cambridge. – Winter's Shakespeare's England, holiday edition.-Stellmann's The Vanished Ruin Era. — “Beautiful England ” Series, – Mrs. Foster's By the Way.-Little, Brown, & Co.'s New Popular Editions.- Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner, illustrated by Willy Pogány. - Bedier's The Romance of Tristram and Iseult.-Goldsmith's The Deserted Village, illustrated by W.Lee Hankey. - The Sleeping Beauty and other Fairy Tales, illus- trated by Edmond Dulac.-Miss Mitford's Sketches of English Life and Character. - Mrs. Hall's Tales of Irish Life and Character.-Thoreau's Walden, illus- trated by Clifton Johnson.—Dickens's Mr. Pickwick, illustrated by Frank Reynolds.-Kipling's Collected . . . • 469 course, TOLSTOY The great Russian moralist who died ten days ago reached the venerable age of Goethe, and was as distinctly as Goethe the most command- ing figure in the whole world of contemporary letters. With Tolstoy the last of the nineteenth century giants has departed, although the twen- tieth century has run but a single decade of its Swift's epitaph might serve for him, for he has found rest ubi sæva indignatio ulte rius cor lacerare nequit; his torn and indig- nant spirit could no longer bear to live among a people fast lapsing into barbarism, a people that has wellnigh forfeited all claim to be reckoned among the civilized communities. Pathos un- utterable and spiritual tragedy are mingled in the story of those closing days in wbich he went forth into the solitudes to draw his final breath. Like Lear, he was driven out into the storm, and wandered distracted over the heath. He would not have relished the comparison, because he was blind to the splendor of that fictive counterpart of his own perplexed soul, but those 446 [Dec. 1, THE DIAL > who were gathered about him at the end might who claim that our political salvation lies in a well have inurmured, - Vex not his ghost!” as recurrence to the fundamental principles of he passed into the valley of the shadow. civil liberty as set forth in the Constitution In the happenings of recent years in Russia, and the Declaration, so there are those who its stifling of every aspiration toward freedom, believe that in the New Testament, strictly its bloody orgies of administrative revenge, its interpreted, may be found a panacea for all the foul perfidy revealed in the rape of Finland, ills of modern society. Tolstoy was of those there may be found ample cause for the gloom who shared this belief, and it never found a that enfolded Tolstoy's soul in the evil days more appealing and eloquent champion. Was upon which he had fallen ; yet could he have his light a marsh-fire or a beacon? We may realized to the full his world-wide influence for do no more than put the question. The subject good, some light might have found its way into is immensely complex and infinitely debatable. his darkness. For he was, despite the seeming He, at least, had no doubts, and his faith has moral inertia of his environment, the most powerfully influenced many wavering souls. effective preacher of his time; his voice stirred The voice is stilled, but the record remains. the deeps of many waters that appeared stag- It is a record assailable by logic at many points. nant, and its vibrations thrilled responsive It is weakened by inconsistency and paradox, by hearts the world over. It was not by argument touches of mysticism and fanaticism, by a that he prevailed, but by direct appeal to the repudiation of many of the real conquests of saving instinctive elements of the human con civilization, and by an almost incredible lack sciousness. His reasoning was often childish, of the historical sense. Its method is that of but his moral passion was overwhelming in its didacticism rather than of art, forgetful of the force. Thus, one need not accept the Tol- eternal truth: stoyan conclusions to be a Tolstoyan in spirit, « Tout passe. L'art robuste and those who upon purely intellectual grounds Seul a l'éternité.” must maintain the attitude of antagonism may But it is all aflame with the passion of the without shame pay the tribute of reverence to prophet, and its accents have a resonance that his whole-souled sincerity. His essential service the echoes will prolong. Yet we cannot help was to persuade men to go straight to the heart feeling that his power would have been more of the fundamental problems of life, to strip lasting, and his influence exerted in ways subtler them of their wrappings of custom and preju- but ultimately more effective, had he not, mid- dice and tradition, and to solve them in the way in his career, allowed the exhorter in him terms of an all-embracing human sympathy. to get the better of the artist, yielding to the The key to all these problems, Tolstoy held, einotional stress of his overwrought soul. Des- was to be found in the gospels. He believed pite the temptation to speak only words of praise that Christianity — the literal teaching of its in this hour when the world mourns the loss of Founder — was workable. was workable. He saw clearly one of its greatest and best, we are yet con- enough that it had not worked hitherto, and strained to repeat our words of twelve years that the poet's despairing cry was only too well ago, written upon the occasion of his seventieth justified by the historical record. birthday. « The nineteenth wave of the ages rolls “ When his living personality shall have passed from Now death ward since thy death and birth. the view of men, when his tracts and his parables and Hast thou fed full men's starved-out souls ? his religious polemics shall have taken their place in Hast thou brought freedom upon earth ? the intellectual luinber-room which contains the vagaries Or are there less oppressions done of great souls gone astray, when his autobiographical In this wild world under the sun ?” writings shall be valued only as curious revelations of a mind out of joint, he will be remembered and admired One may make a comparison between literal and extolled as the author of • War and Peace,' that epic Christian teaching and the literal text of the of the Russian people in the most tragic hour of its con- Constitution of the United States ; just as the sciousness; of. Anna Karenina,' that sincere and poig- latter has been made into a working instrument nant portrayal of a group of intensely human souls; by by a long line of decisions of the Supreme and the Cossacks and the Caucasus that exhibit in some the sligbter and earlier sketches of the Crimean War Court, so the former has been given practical respects a finer art than the two colossal productions by expression as a guide of conduct by the glosses which he is best known. ... Men will smile at the of ecclesiastical tribunals, has been fashioned color-blindness of his æsthetic writings, and at the pathe- into an effective system by the opportunism of tic lack of the historic sense so characteristic of his social the Church which stands as its visible and offi- and religious philosophy, but they will have only respect and wonder for his achievements during the years before cial embodiment. Now just as there are those he set about the hopeless task of reformning the world." - - 1910.] 447 THE DIAL THE LANDSCAPE PAINTER IN LIFE simple in his tastes that he melts into this life as water does in water. The man of letters counter- AND LITERATURE. feits all these tastes and traits, and because words If pure happiness can fall to man it must are more portable and fly about the world easier surely be the lot of the Landscape Painter. He than pictures he gets the credit for these returns realizes Spenser's ideal, and enjoys delight with to nature, – but the artist is the man. liberty. He is the real Aladdin, with the Lamp However, business is business. The Land- in his color-box. This makes him master of the scape Painter is not out primarily for his health, world. From it he can evoke forests and or to gratify his instincts for the quaint, the streams, palaces with rich domains, cottages charming, or the unexpected. He is bent on where tranquility abides. Only perhaps bis Only perhaps his the con quest of the outer world. It is for him genie does not always rise to his bidding with to over-run nature as Alexander or Napoleon huge silver salvers laden with dishes or smok- did the empires of man, and to put the stamp ing with rich viands. But perish such low, of his mind on the scenes he recreates. Some- material gratifications ! Even if house rent is times he makes a march to Moscow, but lacking he is so free of nature that he ought to oftener he conquers and gives almost as much be able to lodge in a tree, like the French poet, as he receives. For while he cannot conipete " third branch to the right.' with nature in details, while he cannot begin The greatest of men have been tramps, - with his pigments to rival the infinite delicacies Homer, Socrates, Dante, Cervantes, the founders or splendors of form and color in the actual of religious orders, not to speak of more sacred world, he can group and arrange these things names still. Some of these their fellow-beings better, or at least more significantly, than Na- bave imprisoned or hanged—in order, I suppose, ture. Nature, like Cromwell, is careless of the to give them some visible means of support. warts ; but the artist can eliminate, thrust back, The Landscape Painter's business is to tramp, bring forward, soften or make vivid any part to explore nature, to be blown about by breezes of the scenes he paints, and can transform the on the heights, to burrow into the valleys, to eat most commonplace of these into something which his noonday bite by curling brooks, to bivouac resembles the portals of Fairyland. Sermons if need be on bedded leaves, to be of kin to in stones, books in the running brooks, are also beasts and birds and butterflies, to say to the in his line, and he can throw over Nature what- ass, like St. Francis, “ My Brother"; and when ever he possesses himself of gaiety or melan- he has won the wise and healthy secrets of these choly,- he can add to it a tragic grandeur, and things to bring them back to man in his crowded cast upon it the reflection of human fate. city dens as restoratives and inspirations. To struggle with the problems of light and What a life is his! Perhaps, like the lower shade, of projeetion and distance; to deal with order of tramps, Winter may drive him into the sky as a great drop-curtain which rises and city quarters; but when Spring breathes its falls on the scenes of the world; to realize the first enchantment over the land he is out again clouds which build up their architecture of where real existence is possible. He goes be domes and towers, throwing shadows upon each fore the Gypsies and takes the winds of March other or upon the earth beneath as they sweep with his beauty, if he has any. He hunts out the over it; to handle some frond of foliage where likeliest and loveliest localities, and is the real half the leaves are like little mirrors reflecting advance guard of the great army of summer the light of the sun and the other half are boarders which follows where he leads. He is intricately confused in their own forms by the always Dr. Syntax in search of the picturesque. shadow of their neighbors ; to paint the forest Perhaps nearly every attractive Summer resort depths where rays of light are like visitation of in this country has been first discovered and ex angels and gild what they touch with floating ploited by artists. The quaint and natural in gold ; to reproduce that visionary light which at human life appeal to him as much as landscape sunrise or sunset bridges the sky in an instant, splendors, and he is the real leader of revolt and falling at one's feet turns the most ordinary against the artificial and sybaritic existence of objects to appartenances of the Age of Gold; the rich. It is the artist who discovers those to re-create the mystery of twilight when dusk delicious villages where life is lived as in a gathers in the trees and night creeps close to world remote or a forgotten century; or those earth’s bosom, while above, as day departs, individual inns which stand out in the memory the moon's bowl fills, the moon's bowl glows, like red letters in a missal. He is usually so and with it all the starry chalices; to reveal 448 (Dec. 1, THE DIAL DIAL the glamor of the moon's torches as they move Keats, Hugo, – what have any of them done for below, entangled in boughs and bushes or march the painter? Tennyson has his Lord of Bur- ing in broad procession along avenues embanked leigh, with the slighting—“ He was but a Land- in shade; to give permanency to Spring's half scape Painter." Browning alone gives us some nude graces, or Summer's rich pomp, or Au- adequate sketches of artists, of which the one tumn's wistful but glorious fading, or Winter's depicting the tortured soul of Andrea del Sarto sculpturesque outlines, - these are the labors is the greatest. and the delights of the Landscape Painter. The novelists are a little better. Rousseau's And when he returns to his city studio, St. Prieux was an artist. That tame specimen room so unlike all others, a chamber by night, of the genus homo, Waverley, sketched; as did a working place by day, strewn with implements Colonel Mannering. The hero of “St. Ronan's of his craft, and with cooking conveniences in Well” has a false glamor thrown over him by a corner, when he returns here what sheaves the imputation that he is an illustrious artist. he brings with him, what rich spoils of con Charles Reade's Triplet, being capable of all, quest! That his pictures are unsalable is of might probably have painted landscapes, but little import. A man cannot have everything. there is no record that he did. There is no artist, He cannot get heaven and have rosewood fur- I think, in Jane Austen s books. Charlotte niture and velvet carpets at the same time. He Brontë makes Jane Eyré a landscapist, and a may not even have accumulated a wife and wonderful one if the description of the sketches children, but he has espoused the day and she shows Rochester is exact. Mrs. Humphry begotten the stars. Ward starts one of her heroes as a landscape Literature has been strangely neglectful of painter, but she soon involves him in that web the Landscape Painter. It has an affection for of fine folk and important affairs which she huffing heroes and people of action, captains delights to weave and which has no possible and men-at-arıns. When it turns to the arts at human interest. Thackeray, half artist him- all for characters it takes up with its own kind. self, did little to bring the painter into the And it must be admitted that literary men are realm of literature, though Clive Newcome does better fun than their gentler brothers of the make a valiant attempt at art; and Dickens did brush, — that their wits are brighter, their less, though Alfred Jingle could paint. Truly, lives more interesting, that they deal more in printer's ink has not been wasted on the artist. love affairs, have more wives, and so become The best creation of the kind I can think of in generally dear and delightful. Even literature literature is the Scotch landscapist in William incarnate in George Sand, who devastated all the Black's Sbandon Bells." He is worth more other arts and sciences by her conquests, disdained than any figure in “ Trilby,” though the latter having an affair with a landscape painter. is doubtless the most important piece of liter- I can recall no great literary creation of this ature which is all about artists. Its instant profession. Poets, novelists, actors, figure and acceptance showed that the world was hungry flourish in fiction. Thackeray even gives us that for knowledge of the habits and manners of great artist of sauces, M. Alcide de Mirobolant. these little-known animals. But the painter is forgotten. The dramatists History and biography of course come to the of course have no use for him. I think the rescue of the artists, though even here they get only occasion on which he appears in person in much less than their just proportion of attention. Shakespeare is the brief satirical glimpse of Vasari's - Lives Vasari's - Lives" are comparatively full and the portrait painter in “ Timon of Athens." fairly attractive, but we get little about the jolly, Molière, who painted and satirized all other rollicking Dutch artists, and only dry scraps in kinds of men, left the artist out—though he regard to the French and Spanish men. There must have known the Court painters of Louis are no art biographies, I believe, that can com- XIV. Goethe, too, although he struggled hard pare in affectionate labor and rich detail with to become an artist himself, did not devote any a score of literary memoirs. creative effort to bodying forth one of the craft. Something has been made up to the artists He drew poets, actors, even landscape gardeners, by the great critics. Fromentin, Ruskin, Meier- but the man of the brush he ignored. The epic Graefe, and others have given to the works of and narrative poets also ignore him. Antiquity the great painters a profound analysis and simply does not know that he exists. Dante splendid praise. Ruskin is rather under a cloud devotes two lines to Giotto and Cimabue. with the artists at present, though they ought Milton, Dryden, Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, I to sacrifice a hecatomb to him every year. He 1910.] 449. THE DIAL .. opened the eyes of the great mass of English the man, as for the woman, remains unalterable.” readers, taught them that the Earth was some Why should this credo, the outcome of his demand thing more than a place to plant potatoes in, that we base all our actions on the most primitive and that the chamber of the air served other interpretation of the law of brotherly love, seem uses than that of respiration. And he made reactionary ? In trying to lift what he considers the art which reported these other purposes of the burden of twenty centuries of so-called civili- zation and progress fronı the shoulders of suffering Nature respectable and popular. His criticism humanity, Tolstoy sees only one path to right living: erred in a hundred particulars. He was half a return to primitive social conditions. But he re- wrong in his central principle that great art is conciles us to his stern demands by pointing out the the praise of God, - it is just as often the it is just as often the wide, almost unlimited, scope of woman's work and praise of the Devil, or at least an uncriticizing influence: “Wonien form public opinion, and exhibition of him. He was totally wrong in women are especially powerful in our day.” These his insistence on actual truth in painting, — in two expressions would seem to give the antipodal demanding that things be painted as they are points in his attitude toward woman's emancipation. rather than as they seem. He was largely wrong From both points of view, he places woman on an in both his apotheosis of Turner and his depre- exalted plane. And yet we are constrained to voice some doubts. Will a return to the patriarchal condi- ciation of Whistler. But when all is said and tions which he lauds as conducive to greater huinan done, there is a great balance of right thinking happiness produce a loftier ideal of the marital and teaching to his credit. union? Does a realization of his ideal regarding Literature and painting are the most closely woman's sphere and influence mean a denial of the allied of the arts. The domain of literature is ultra-modern woman'sdemands in their highest sense? immeasurably the wider, that of painting the Countess Tolstoy's reference to her own position more definitely realized. The trouble with paint. Tolstoy, I had modest ideas: that is, I was willing is singularly suggestive. 6. When I married Count ing is this : it is not and cannot be known ex- cept to a few. Black and white or colored repro- to be second; he made me advance to first place. Since then he has desired to make me third. Eh ductions do something to spread a knowledge bien non! I shall hold to serond." In his own of it, but these do not give the real vision of the life, Tolstoy has been true to his championship of the artist; whereas a book repeats exactly to the old-time ideal of woman's position in the conjugal reader what the writer created. It is perhaps relation. He and his wife have always enjoyed this comparative secrecy and seclusion of the the higher sense of companionship that is the result artist's work that accounts for his little promi- of perfect harmony and broad intellectual sym- nence either in the real world or the literary pathy and understanding. The Countess Tolstoy report of it. is a woman of high intellectual attainments. She CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. has never favored the aggressive measures of her modern sisters, probably because she finds that she has all the rights she can do justice to. Until her TOLSTOYS ATTITUDE TOWARD THE danghters were old enough to assume that duty, she was her husband's amanuensis; and she has always WOMAN PROBLEM. been the guardian angel who has protected him “ That remarkable piece of stupidity which is from the evil that might result in some cases from called the rights of women,” is the great Russian the extreme application of his theories. In her iconoclast's summary of the modern woman's insist conduct and bearing toward her husband and his ent demand for the right of self-expression in all literary productions,” says her brother, Mr. Behrs, fields of endeavor. That remarkable revolt against "she always reminds me of a religious worshipper tradition and established ethical and moral laws, and zealous guardian of some sacred fount." the book that epitomizes his revolutionary tenets, Tolstoy has always been deeply convinced of the “What to Do,” deals uncompromisingly with the mission of women as teachers. It is to be deplored woman problem. From the point of view of the that his own schools, in which his wife and daughters most Russian of all the Russians a man who has supervised the splendid work done, could not stand not been out of his own country in fifty years against Russian immutability. His aim to reform Tolstoy shows a keen appreciation of woman's status men, not methods, had some chance of realization in the world. He is guided chiefly by the eternal in his own and his family's attempts to train young verities. He exalts motherhood, and maintains that minds in the way they should go. His ideal of woman can be dominant only through her power to human fellowship and service could hardly be more effect the salvation of man. He says: “As stated practically applied than in his repeated admonitions in the Bible, a law was given to the man and the to mothers as the pillars of the world's moral found- to the man, the law of labor; to the ation. He censures the modern tendency toward over- woman, the law of bearing children. Although we, indulgence, with its consequent weakening effect; with our science, avons changé tout ça, the law for and he fears for the future of the race when he 66 woman, 450 (Dec. 1, THE DIAL warns us against “ bolstering up this delusive life fessions contain comparatively few allusions to of ours with the aid of our science and art.” Woman, woman and her sphere, except in his general ad- the altruistic half of humanity, should know no nionitions to mankind to strive after the Nazarene higher mission than to lead toward the realization ideal as applied to creed, to man's duty to his fellow- of man's highest endeavors. man, to his country, and, not least of all, to woman's It is hard to reconcile this conception of woman's place and work in the world. His denunciatory rights with her demands, in this dynamic age. We words first quoted as referring to modern suffrage must not forget that Tolstoy repudiates all force, all are so comprehensive as to need little elucidation, oaths of allegiance, and every social institution. other than that contained in his creed. Not long Woman's aggressive measures for the attainment ago, Sonia Rubenstein, a little girl living in Kief, of what she deems her rights would come under his asked Tolstoy if there is a God in Heaven. His ban as being coercive. Militant suffrage he thinks reply embodies the fundamental idea in his philo- abominable. How would a man of Tolstoy's con sophy of life: “God is not in heaven. He dwells victions meet the argument of the eminent French within each of us. God is what gives life to all woman of revolutionary fame, who demanded equal living things. We only know God through love. suffrage on the plea that a woman should have the God's whole law is that we love Him and our neigh- right to mount the platform as long as she is con bor. The greatest happiness in the world is to love ceded the right to mount the guillotine? According all.” In “Anna Karenina,” he urges a higher ideal to Tolstoy, no human being is free so long as anyone of the marriage relation, based on a higher standard has the right to sanction or forbid that person's of social ethics. Divorce is never justifiable in his actions by threatening violence. eyes. Our American institution of rapid and easy Those of Tolstoy's heroines who strike the right release from galling marital bonds he considers the balance between head and heart in dealing with ihe appalling outcome of woman's clamor for equal rights problems of life are often a negative embodiment and of a growing deterioration in domestic life. of his ideal woman. He places the blame for many From his contention in the “Kreutzer Sonata,” that wrecked lives on the prevailing false standards of most modern marriages are sinful, it would naturally social purity and conjugal honor. The “ Kreutzer follow that he considers an indissoluble union a fit Sonata" has evoked the anathemas of many who punishment for the sin committed. could not sanction its moral perversities, and its In urging the right to a regenerated life through author has been accused of having brought about a redemption from sin, Tolstoy preaches a magnifi- most dangerous unsettling of our moral and ethical cent sermon in the tragedy called “ R-surrection.” codes. So far as the book's influence on immature Maslova, the fallen woman, is as sympathetically minds is concerned, its jarring exaggerations and portrayed as the mysterious “Madame X” of the repulsive details reveal little more to them than French dramatist, who recently moved two contin- abnormalities of the untamed Slav temperament. ents to tears. Both authors plead for a right that There are brutal biological facts and ugly truths an unjust moral law denies the woman and grants that Tolstoy tells unflinchingly, and they see only to the man. Tolstoy demands sympaihy, personal these from their myopic view point. But the motive service, and the merging of one's personality, as the of the book is not a reversion of the moral code; it only acceptable aid we can give to sinners. is a much-needed arraignment of the causes that are Browning's noble words, “Trust God: see all, responsible for much of the world's conjugal misery. nor be afraid !” might serve as a bearon-light Translated into action, the “ Kreutzer Sonata" would through the awful labyrinth of sin and degradation bring about social chaos. As a preachment from as revealed in “ The Power of Darkness." Its one of those fanatics of to-day who become the pro- revolting realism would be utterly disheartening, phets of to-morrow, it must be regarded as holding were it not for the author's powers of divination in the germ of a theory that leads in the right direction. showing the spark of eternal fire through the dross. George Meredith, that master interpreter of These low degenerate human beings are products of “the eternal feminine,” called Anna Karenina the Russian civilization, which produces criminals of a grandest woman in the whole range of fiction. Let type of perversity strange to occidental minds. That us see how the heroine in this tragedy of a sinful he arouses even a trace of pity for them, is an love reflects what her creator demands as a woman's eloquent tribute to his genius and his sincerity. inalienable right, —" not the support of social con Our occidental point of view, and many inconsist- ventions, but the laws of her own being,” in the encies in the application of Tolstoy's theories, together words of the most modern champion of her sex, with our lack of understanding of the forces at work Ellen Key. Anna's character reflects what the in a benighted country like Russia, make a woman author has gained in sympathy and understanding, such as Nikita's mother appear like some hideous as does each of the women in his later works. Shortly un-human creature from a nether world. And yet, after the publication of “ Anna Karenina,” Tolstoy does not the history of crime in our own country astonished the world by his remarkable change of offer parallel cases ? attitude toward the masterpieces that had raised A recent announcement that the first woman's him to the pinnacle of success. The subsequent rights association has been formed in Russia, is a volumes of religious essays and philosophical con promise of the dawn of a better future for the down- : 1910.] 451 THE DIAL men or women. .. trodden - The chief aim of the tribute of boyish admiration. But Mr. Stedman was association seems moderate in scope: to agitate for loyal to the last, holding Lord to have been the most the modification of Premier Stolypin's land act, Miltonic of American poets, and only a year before with the ultimate aim of enabling women to join in his death expressed this opinion in a conversation the land-purchase scheme and to become land with the present writer, adding that one of the owners. Had Tolstoy lived, it is not impossible that things he most hoped to find time and strength to his wide influence and undoubted sincerity—despite do was to prepare a critical essay upon Lord's his inconsistencies — would have been thrown in work. The essay, we fear, had to be left unwritten, favor of these progressive measures. He has shown but its subject remains, and possibly some one else that true advancement is not necessarily a departure may become minded to undertake the task which from tradition, nor an under-mining of time-hallowed was thus left unperformed. rights and privileges. After all, his Utopia has A MASTER OF SUBTLE EFFECTS, both as painter more of the right spirit of modernity than some of its most enthusiastic disciples might be willing to and as writer, John La Farge, who died recently admit. at the ripe age of seventy-five, will long be remem- AMALIE K. BOGUSLAWSKY. bered for his passionate devotion to the mistress (Art) whom he so nobly served, for his insatiate thirst after ever new knowledge, his reverence for CASUAL COMMENT. all that is venerable and sacred in the past, and his A FORGOTTEN AMERICAN POET is pleasantly re- quick detection and dexterous exposure of mucb that is neither venerable nor sacred in the present. called in one of the chapters of the just-published In literature he is known for his “ Artist's Letters Stedman “autobiographic biography.” When Mr. John Lane, the publisher, made a visit to this from Japan,” his “ Artist and Writer: Lectures on country about ten years ago, be was filled with Art,” and those papers on the old masters and the enthusiasm for a new poet, Mr. Stephen Phillips, Barbizon School of painters that have lately been to wit, whose early works he had then recently those autobiographical or retrospective notes that collected in two volumes. A posthumous issue of produced. Calling one day upon Edmund Clarence he is thought to have left behind him in some drawer Stedman, he enlarged upon the subject, and wished particularly to note the originality of the themes or pigeon-hole of his desk, is to be hoped for. French chosen by Mr. Phillips. There was the tale of by descent and American by birth, he presented in Paolo and Francesca, he said, that no other modern his person a rare combination of notable qualities. had thought of making into a tragedy, whereupon admiringly of him in - The Digressions of V.” His old friend and co-eval, Mr. Elihu Vedder, writes Mr. Stedman turned to his shelves and took down the familiar (to Ainerican readers) work of George “La Farge was inspiring,” he declares ; “I have H. Boker. This was a setback, but Mr. Lane never met anyone more so." And further: “This rallied, and said that at least no other poet had hit quality of subtlety is shown in those never-to-be forgotten flowers, particularly in that damp mass of upon such a subject as “ Christ in Harles.” Where- upon Mr. Stedman again turned to his shelves, and violets in a shallow dish on a window-sill, where the touk down a volume of poetry with that identical title. outside air faintly stirring the lace curtains seems to waft the odour towards you. This quality, pecu- It was not easy to catch Mr. Stedman napping upon liarly his own, affects me in his writings, so that as a matter of the history of American poetry. The a writer I was at one time inclined to find fault poem in question was the work of William Wilber- with him for a certain elaborate obscurity in his force Lord, who was born in 1819, and who died style, which I now see arises from his striving to not long ago when wellnigh a nonogenarian. This generation has completely forgotten him, but in his express shades of thought so delicate that they seem time he attracted marked attention,earning the praise to render words almost useless.” of Wordsworth, and incurring the censure of Poe. THE DEDICATION OF THE HAY MEMORIAL LI- He published three volumes between 1845 and 1856. BRARY, that stately white marble building that now In the new Stedman biography occurs the follow contributes so effectively to the beauty and the dig- ing passage, dated 1850, when the writer was a boy nity of the hill on which Brown University stands, of sixteen. « Mr. Lord went over to N. York with and that forms so fitting a monument to the mem- me the morning you sailed. I admire him, from ory of one who was by temperament and choice the bottom of my heart. I have, with great diffi more warmly devoted to letters than to affairs of culty (they are so little known) procured a copy of ttle known) procured a copy of state, took place on state, took place on the 11th of November, as had his poems, and am lost in ecstasy and wonder at been planned. Tribute to the departed statesman. the sublinity of his Niagara' the calm and holy was paid in eloquent terms by Senator Root, his and grand philosophy of his “Worship, and the fellow cabinet-member, while an equally eulogistic majesty and elegance of his · Ode to England'... w word concerning the man of letters, the poet of so What an intellect he has! Will this be my fate — fair early promise, the biographer of so noteworthy to be forgotten and unknown? ” It is safe to say later achievement, was spoken by President Emeritus that Lord has not become better known during the Angell of Michigan University, his old time teacher sixty years that have elapsed since he received this at Brown and afterward his personal friend and 452 [Dec. 1, THE DIAL At a OF LIBRARY kindly adviser. “Those of us who knew him best," THE SUPERIORITY OF AN “ UNCUT” COPY of a said Dr. Angell, “ looked for a distinctly literary book to a copy that has been shaved and pared to career for him. We experienced a serious disap- the quick by a merciless binder was never better pointment when we saw that events were turning illustrated (in a negative way) than by a curious him in a different direction.” And from Mr. Root's instance that has just come to our notice. speech this passage is noteworthy : “It would be recent Merwin-Clayton sale of books, in New York, difficult to conceive of a sharper contrast than a copy of the 1820 edition of Henry Brooke's “ Fool between the character of Mr. Hay and the confident, of Quality," " judiciously revised and edited by the thick-skinned, self-assertive, pushing, hustling char Rev. John Wesley,” was among the items sold. But acter ordinarily associated with success in the it was not a tall, uncut copy, as proved both by its practical affairs of this hurly-burly world.” The appearance and by an indignant note written in it memorial building is a fine example of library by a former owner. “The marginal notes in this archite-ture, dignified without and admirably adapt- book," writes the aggrieved anonymous possessor of ed to its uses within. It stands easily first among the volume, “were inserted by Samuel Taylor college and university library buildings in New Coleridge, to whom I lent it when I was residing at England. Highgate. The binder threw them away two fly- THIS YEAR'S WINNER OF THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR leaves filled with his (Coleridge's) comments, and LITERATURE, Herr Paul Heyse, is one of those well shaved off the edges of the volume so close that it loved authors of our early reading (if we be not too is often impossible to ascertain the purport of the It old, or too young) whom we are a little surprised, original note. may be a warning to others of on hearing him mentioned now, to find still alive the craft that the misguided delinquent died of and active. It was as long ago as 1873 that his cholera shortly after being paid his bill for spoiling “ Kinder der Welt” appeared ; and even then his this book. I find his was the solitary. instance of fame as poet, playwright, and novelet-writer, was death by that disease in Highgate.” This will strike secure. He was born in Berlin on the 15th of March, a responsive chord in the breast of those who have 1830, and the plaudits over his achievement of his had cause for similar complaint. eightieth birthday had hardly subsided when there came the report of this crowning honor of his long THE CLASSIFICATION WORKERS literary life. Thirty and more volumes are required develops as a natural and indeed almost inevitable to contain his collected works, and his fellow process in a profession that concerns itself so countrymen's estimate of their quality is evident unceasingly and with the constant enlargement from the tone of admiration and veneration in which of the domain of literature) so increasingly with he and his writings are mentioned throughout Ger- classification in all its major and minor divisions, many. . Whatever his unquestioned merits in other and with the attaching of appropriate and suffi- and inore important fields of literature, his facility ciently conspicuous labels to the objects classified. and artistry in the short novel, or long short story, The St. Louis Public Library has just elaborated and have won him a wide reading and an enviable fame. applied a scheme of classification by which the entire staff is first divided into three classes, AN ANNUAL REMINDER OF THE SWIFT LAPSE OF “ those in regular grades, those in special grades, TIME comes to us this month in the Almanac for the and those in ungraded occupations.” The head new year so close at hand. Still foremnost among librarian seems to form a class by himself, and our favorites in the literature of this description under him are ranged the three above-named classes, stands - The Old Farmer's Almanac” founded by subdivided into sections A, B, C, D, E, for the regu- Robert B. Thomas, of honored memory, in 1793. lar grades, and into sections (1), (2), (3), for the The issue for 1911 is, consequently, the one hun. special, while the ungraded persons, having neither dred and nineteenth consecutive number of this letters nor numbers (but not therefore necessarily venerable publication. Cautious and conservative illiterate or innumerable) bring up the rear with in its weather forecasts, especially for the last few broom and coal-scuttle and such-like insignia of months of the year, it also prints a number of safe office. The qualifications requisite for each of these and useful maxims and sage reflections side by side classes and sub-classes, and the formalities to be with the monthly calendar. “ Uncle Zekiel says complied with in order to pass from a lower to a that notwithstanding all the modern time-saving higher grade, are briefly explained in a type-written contrivances, there don't seem to be so much time bulletin issued by the Library. left as there used to be." “A good many farmers, and a good many other men, too, for that matter, A NEWSPAPER OF NEWSPAPERS, like a “ Review would know a lot if they had not forgotten so many of Reviews or a “ Literary Digest,” would seem things." An excellent opening suggestion on the to have its place in the scheme of things journalistic. January page is this: - Keep a notebook and a The busy man's daily newspaper, after the model scrapbook, or a combination of both.” Those who of the busy man's monthly or weekly review, is a like the homely, the practical, and the aphoristic, desideratum long felt by many impatient patrons of should order their days by “The Old Farmer's the increasingly voluminous sheets that chronicle Almanac." the diurnal happenings of the world along with a 1910.) 453 THE DIAL or quantity of things that have not happened. Begin on the inside." “ Virtue's sentinel is work" - the ning about the first of this month, Mr. Ernest F. complement to Isaac Watts’s well-known lines about Birmingham, editor and publisher of “The Fourth Satan and mischief and idle hands. “Everyone Estate," proposes to issue a reasonably small after who thinks strongly raises a scandal.” « Excessive noon journal, sifting and condensing the news of civilization is close to barbarism, as steel is close to the world, skimming the cream of current editorial | rusting. A moment's forgetfulness, and the thing opinion, and expanding the news of art, literature, happens.” On the whole, there seems to have been music, the drama in its higher phases, education, rather more of bitterness than of sweetness, of religion, eivic and economic questions, and the like, doubt than of faith, of pensive melancholy than of to an extent greater than is possible in any existing radiant joy, in Balzac's musings. daily publication.” Excellent paper and presswork and superior illustrations are promised. If all this HOMER'S UNDYING CHARM for the appreciative is wealth of laudable intention is realized, and also attested by the appearance, every few years, of a the exalted purpose is attained “so to conduct the new translation of his “ Iliad” Odyssey," or of paper that everything that appears in its columns both. The number of extant renderings in all will be considered as authoritative and practically modern tongues must be innumerabile. Merely in the last word on the subject,” then “ The News the catalogue of the libraries of the late William Letter," as the hopeful venture is to be named, will Everett, and of his father, Edward Everett, which are indeed supply a real want and make for the raising to be sold this month, one meets with nearly a score of the standard of journalism. of different versions of Homer. And Mr. Prentice Cummings of Brookline, busy lawyer and street AN INSTANCE OF LITERARY MASQUERADING that railway president though he is, has found or made is reported to have deceived even the experienced time to add another to the endless list, his being an cataloguers at the British Museum is rather note- achievement in hexameters that seems deserving of worthy. Many readers were doubtless somewhat a cordial reception. As long as history shall be puzzled a few years ago by the oriental manner and re-written for each new generation and the passion appearance of Mr. F. W. Bain's book of haunting of the human heart re-sung, so long will the charm fairy-tales entitled "A Digit of the Moon." The of Helen, the valor of Achilles, and the wanderings author's mystifying hint of a Sanskrit origin to these of Ulysses, be over and over again re-told from the stories and his perfect command of the oriental style epics of Homer. of narrative—he being a scholar thoroughly versed in East Indian lore and legend-combined to deceive JOHN MORLEY THE WRITER AND JOHN MORLEY even the wary; and so his book was classed with THE STATESMAN are almost two different persons. oriental literature by the Museum authorities, who His recent reported resignation of public office has also shelved in the same department its successors, elicited press comment on his administration of “ A Heifer of the Dawn,” “A Draught of the Blue,” Indian affairs, and it is even claimed that his chief “ In the Great God's Hair,” “An Essence of the title to fame rests on what he has accomplished in Dusk,” and others. The offering of translated work British India. But we who have always associated as original is a common enough practice, but the his name with those admirable works on Diderot disclaiming of originality for one's own inspired and Voltaire and Rousseau, on Barke and Walpole ideas is not so common—though a few conspicuous and Cubden, with the early and highly successful instances readily come to mind. At any rate, Mr. editorship of “The Fortnighily Review,” as also Bain's modesty seems now to have been unveiled, with the editorship of the first two-score numbers and the British Museum has made haste to re- of the “English Men of Letters " series, and later classify the product of his gifted pen. with the monumental life of Gladstone, we know better. Not as Lord Morley, Secretary of State for PUNGENT UTTERANCES FROM BALZAC have been India, but as John Morley, scholar and author in quoted in abundance from his commonplace books, the fields of history and literature, will he be longest but the choicest collection of these sayings (or and most favorably remembered. writings, rather) is found in the unpublished but soon-to-be-published notebook which the novelist THE SEASON'S ABUNDANCE OF BIOGRAPHIES OF used to call the great park of my ideas.” M. PUBLIC MEN, especially of men in political life, is Jacques Crépet is the editor and annotator of the something unprecedented. We have, for example, volume, which will bear the title, “Pensées, Sujets, the first volume of Mr. Monypenny's four-volume Fragmens," and from which a few choice passages work on Disraeli, based largely on those seventy have recently found their way into print. For ex volumes of the statesman's papers that Lord Rowton ample: “ There are authors who are not viviparous” preserved so long and so faithfully. Then there which no one will dispute. “Space, darkness, are lives of John Bright and Cecil Rhodes and John terror three great sources of poetry.” “To doubt Redmond, and autobiographical reminiscences by everything and to doubt nothing in both cases Mr. William O'Brien, while in this country the one betrays the same defect.” “The finest revenge publishers are offering us the late Senator Platt's is the scorn of revenge.” “Genius has big ears — detailed " Autobiography” and, in quite different 454 (Dec. 1, THE DIAL here. son. can. vein, Richard Watson Gilder's record of the friend age middle-class Englishman raised to the nth power ship between himself and Cleveland. Among these is certainly worth while; but one such will do very well. and other accounts of men who have done things, Now, if it comes to style, or to matter either, or to man- praiseworthy and not so praiseworthy, he must be ner, or to philosophy, I much prefer Renan. It is true that he has not the wealth of allusion to all the litera- hard to please who cannot find a good deal of excel- lent reading tures of the world that Macaulay has. But I think I must care less for literary allusions and quotations than some readers. I despise a Greek quotation because I COMMUNICATION. cannot read it, and I am suspicious of a Latin quotation because I cannot always read it easily. O tempore! O MACAULAY, MR. HUTSON, AND THE WRITING mores! if this is apropos OF HISTORY. Mr. Hutson complains that the new school turned its (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) back on Macaulay. “ They drowned their thought with I have been interested in the letter of Mr. Hutson an endless tangle of modifications," as he so aptly says. on “ The Writing of History,” and in the replies called “ Those who still stood by rhetoric looked on Macaulay's out by it. Mr. Hutson tells us that history never has style as crude and sometimes as cacophonous, and aimed been a science, and that it is in a fair way of ceasing to at effects which we call, after the French, 'precious.' be literature, and he advises us to get back to the spirit Of these were Walter Pater and Robert Louis Steven- and methods of Macaulay as soon as we conveniently Well, what of the result? Perhaps we have Those who reply to Mr. Hutson say that while greater exactness as to facts, in many cases new points history may not be a science, it is scientific in its methods. of view, a more cautious summing up of the evidence; They deny that any historian tries to write badly, and but nowhere is the clear and flowing current of narra- they contend that many historians since Macaulay's time, tive, the allurement of style, the wonderful touch of such as Renan and Luchaire, have written well, and art in the presentation of truth.” that if we do not all write like Macaulay it is not Incidentally, I am not convinced that Robert Louis because we do not wish to do so. They maintain that Stevenson is “precious,” at least not in the sense Mr. Macaulay was a genius, that England has produced but Hutson means. I do not wish to enlarge on that ; but one Macaulay, and that it is too much to expect us so- since Mr. Hutson has mentioned Walter Pater, I would called historians to be geniuses like Macaulay, and to like to quote, apropos of “allurement of style, the have a style like his; they think that, even if we wonderful touch of art in the presentation of truth,” attempted to imitate him, our books, doctor's theses and the following passage from that writer. It is taken the like, would probably not displace the latest novel from the essay on Leonardo da Vinci, and is an inter- on the young ladies' dressing-tables. pretation of the famous picture “La Gioconda”: Probably they would not. But what interested me “The presence that thus rose so strangely beside the most was that your correspondents, differing at so many waters, is expressive of what in the ways of a thousand years points, were quite agreed that there never was a style men had come to desire. Hers is the head upon which all like Macaulay's. I have been waiting to hear someone “the ends of the world are come," and the eyelids are a little say that he could not endure Macaulay's style. I remem- weary. It is a beauty wrought out from within upon the flesh, the deposit, little cell by cell, of strange thoughts and ber well the first time I read of Macaulay's History hav- fantastic reveries and exquisite passions. Set it for a moment ing been found, by the young ladies, when it first came beside one of those white Greek goddesses or beautiful out, more interesting than the latest novel. I was in women of antiquity, and how would they be troubled by this college then, and I ran to the library to get Macaulay's beauty, into which the soul with all its maladies has passed ! History, hoping against hope that no one had drawn it All the thoughts and experience of the world have etched out before me. No one had. I was elated at the thought and moulded there, in that which they have of power to re- that the history of England might be taken on so easily, fine and make expressive the outward form, the animalism and with the same pleasure I had experienced in learning of Greece, the lust of Rome, the revery of the middle age with its spiritual ambition and imaginative loves, the return of about Athos and Porthos. I went home prepared to the Pagan world, the sins of the Borgias. She is older than the make the acquaintance of an English Dumas. Well, I rocks among which she sits ; like the vampire, she has been was disappointed. I did not keep the book on my dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave; and dressing-table, but returned it to the library. Since has been a diver in deep seas, and keeps their fallen day then, I have tried again and again to read Macaulay's about her; and trafficked for strange webs with Eastern History; and, by dint of much perseverance, I have merchants : and, as Leda, was the mother of Helen of Troy, succeeded in reading most of it. Imagine the whole and, as Saint Anne, the mother of Mary; and all this has history of England written by Macaulay! I cannot been to her but as the sound of lyres and flutes, and lives only in the delicacy with which it has moulded the changing imagine it; but I have often tried to imagine what the Pil- lineaments, and tinged the eyelids and the hands. The fancy grim's Chorus, adapted to fife and drum, would be like. of a perpetual life, sweeping together ten thousand experi- One of your correspondents, “ J. W.T.,” in his reply ences, is an old one; and modern thought has conceived the to Mr. Hutson, brought forward Renan, and set him up, idea of humanity as wrought upon by, and summing up in with some timidity, I thought, by the side of Macaulay, itself, all modes of thought and life. Certainly Lady Lisa to show that there had been some good writing since might stand as the embodiment of the old fancy, the symbol Macaulay's time. He seems to say that Renan writes of the modern idea." very well indeed, and cites one passage which even Meanwhile, I sympathize with Mr. Hutson in the Macaulay might have envied; and he mentions others, matter of doctor's theses. I have written one and read such as Lavisse and Luchair, who write well, though of several. Professor Sioussat, in his defence of doctor's course not as well as Macaulay. England, as he says, theses, gives good reasons for their existence, some of has produced but one Macaulay. Well, I should think which are, at the same time, the best reasons in the that one was enough. Of course it would be a distinct world for not printing them. CARL BECKER. loss not to have had one Macaulay,—to observe the aver Lawrence, Kansas, November 23, 1910. 1910.] 455 THE DIAL Tbe New Books. mon humanity, a man who could be many things to many men while still guarding the citadel of his own soul. The contrast between him and A POET OF THE WORLD.* such poets as Poe and Emerson and Whittier was in this respect very marked ; it was similar Somewhere in the correspondence of Edmund to the contrast between Byron and Keats, be- Clarence Stedman occurs the following pas- tween Browning and Tennyson. In Stedman's sage: “Five hundred years of Earth are none case, the contrast was emphasized by the fact too many could we retain vigor and health. that throughout most of his career he was Wouldn't you like to be fifty years a traveller, struggling for a living in the common mart. fifty an inventor, fifty a statesman—to practice to practice He once wrote to his mother : “ I am not swal- painting, sculpture, oratory — and all the time lowed up of poetry. I earn eight dollars per a fisher, sailor, poet, author, and man of the I should, and then might be willing I ever heard the word.” day, but my business friends don't know that to try another sphere.” This confession of in which he thus recognized that the primary I ever heard the word.” The honorable way eager vitality, of an interest in life to which obligation of a man even of a poet is to nothing human could possibly be alien, illus- earn a living and support a family occasionally trates the most characteristic trait of the man brought upon him the undeserved reproach of whose death, not quite two years ago, bereft us sacrificing to Mammon, and earned for him the of our foremost poet and our most beloved man meaningless newspaper-title of “ banker-poet," of letters. The seventy-five years of his life or“ broker-poet. This he keenly resented, were far from sufficient to satisfy his measure- and in one case, moved from a dignified silence less desire for life, but they were nevertheless singularly rich in many varieties of experience letter to the editor of the offending publication. by a peculiarly reckless attack, wrote a pointed that which chastens as well as that which exalts The article, he said, and their outcome was a ripeness of temper Conveys the impression that I am devoted to mak- and wisdom such as is vouchsafed to few among ing money; that I surrender the time which should be mortal men. The record of his life is now given to art to accnmulating wealth as a stock-operator, spread before us, chiefly in his own words, in the and only give my leisure hours to poetry; that I am, elaborate “ autobiographic biography ” which in short, a mere money-chaser, and thus by choice an amateur or dilettante. This hypothesis may have formed has been prepared by Miss Laura Stedman, the itself in your mind from the vulgar newspaper-phrase poet's grand-daughter and sole surviving des- • broker-poet' which paragraphers have attached to my cendant, with the collaboration of his old and name, and which is as unwelcome to me as the term close friend, Dr. George M. Gould, whom he clergyman-editor doubtlessly would be to you—and as expressly wished to have a share in the work. utterly senseless.” “Your hypothesis has just this basis of truth. I wish In calling Mr. Stedman “a poet of the to live, and have dear ones for whose comfort and hap- world,” we have had chiefly in mind his many piness I have taken sacred vows. Were I content to points of contact with life and the wide range see them enduring the ills (to which you commend me) of his interests. The designation is not to be of absolute « poverty,' I could not keep them even from cold and hunger by poetry alone. I am a member of taken in the sense of “world-poet,” for his best the Stock Exchange,-one of the mass of hard-working friends would claim no more for him than that brokers who there toil humbly and honestly for their he was distinctively a product of American cul daily bread. This is for me a cause neither of pride ture, occupying a seat in the American Par nor of complaint. Most authors who have not inherited nassus a little less exalted than the stations of property, and whose writings are of an æsthetic or phil- osophical kind, have to sustain themselves by some labor the half-dozen poets who were from one to four other than that nearest their hearts." decades his seniors. Still less is it to be taken “I married young and, owing to a chain of circum- as meaning that he was a worldly-minded poet, stances, found myself, upon a time, penniless ; and with with eyes imperfectly opened to the spiritual modes of life, all of which you have seen exemplified in a family to support, - and had the choice of several aspects of life, for this would indeed be to mis- the careers of authors great and small : 1. I could interpret his aspirations and ideals. But in leave my family to shift for themselves, fling my harp the sense already suggested by our introductory over my shoulders, and go on my tuneful way in quest quotation he was very noticeably “a poet of of pleasure and fame. 2. I could support my house- the world," a man who lived among his fellows hold, and continue to write verses, by a process of credit and imposition; could borrow of friends, refuse to pay and delighted in them as inheritors of a com- the baker and washerwoman, filk the butcher, and * LIFE AND LETTERS OF EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN. maintain the traditional right of bardlets to exemption By Laura Stedman and George M. Gould, M.D. In two vol from the claims of decency and honor; or, 3. I might umes. Illustrated. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co. work at some occupation which would enable me to 456 (Dec. 1, THE DIAL earn an honest living, and write poetry when I found zed by my long hair, and other eccentricities, and re- time, strength, and the heart to do so.” ported to the faculty; was rusticated to Northampton, “Let me at once acknowledge that the stern neces where I passed a summer under the charge of Professor sity of earning so much a week before I can write a Dudley, a famous Greek scholar, who had a private line, interferes with and retards my literary work. ... seminary there. The institution was full of a still When having a little money ahead, I have several wilder crowd than I had met at Yale, and I joined with times left the Street 'altogether, and have been devoted them in painting the town red, getting in love with the to study and authorship, until my reserve was exhausted Northampton girls, and into trouble generally." and I had to go back again. Thus it happens that I After this summer, he went to visit a college have not yet been able to own my own home, to keep a chum on a Virginia plantation, and of this visit horse, or even to visit Europe, — where I have so many friends and literary comrades, and whither I have longed the following anecdote is told : for years to go. But I have had a modest subsistence, “ A custom-more honored in the breach than in the having educated my children one of whom I have observance - prevailed in the hospitable mansion, where ventured, even, to send to college; — and have been able he was a guest; the custom of opening the shutters, to write and print a few books whose merits are short, and welcoming the various guests by sending to their very far short, of my wishes and ideal.” rooms a quart pitcher of mint julep, intended as a This apologia pro vita sua is one of the loving-cup for the household. This time it was left most strongly-felt and self-revealing documents first at the door of young Stedman by an old white- haired darkey, who returned later to take the pitcher in the whole biography ; the fact that it defends on its further rounds. When the black-and-white mes- the writer from a charge which no one would senger came for this purpose, the old man looked at now dream of making does not lessen its signifi the pitcher, then at the dark-eyed youth; then his eyes cance as an expression of the poet's character. began to twinkle, and, as he went downstairs with the empty pitcher, his head shoo < and his shoulders rattled.” The story of Stedman's boyhood is interest- ing, and in a way pathetic. He was an infant Stedman was predestined for the service of the muse. when his father died, and he was separated from “ As soon as he could speak,” his his mother for a considerable part of his early mother says, “ he lisped in rhyme, and as soon life, at school and in the care of relatives. Soon as he could write, he gave shape and measure after he entered Yale, at the age of fifteen, his to his dreams." He himself says: “From my mother re-married and went to Italy with her earliest remembrance I made poetry. All of husband, who represented the United States the Cleveland blood do— bad cess to them! I government at the Court of Piedmont. Mother was a natural writer, an insatiate reader anıl son were thus parted for a long term of especially of fiction, adventure, poetry.” His years, and the seriousness of this separation is first poet was Scott—" what better fodder for a revealed in his tenderly affectionate letters to boy?”- then he discovered Keats, Shelley, and the distant parent. He was a precocious youth, Coleridge, had the necessary attack of Byron- a great reader with an early passion for poetry, ism, and gradually attained to the conception of but not without a healthy interest in boyish poetry as art, a conception fully ripened when sports. His means were narrow, and he was he learned to know and love Tennyson in his not altogether successful in supporting himself early twenties. His æsthetic creed must have wbile in college upon an annual income of three become fairly fixed when he could write, as in hundred dollars. He was inclined to be a little 1857: * Now, to end with Tennyson, I want priggish at first, and formulated a set of rules to say that through all his writings of every for his conduct that would have made him a style, there runs, overtly or covertly, the truest, very model of student virtue had he not soon noblest, broadest philosophy of the age. He learned to depart from them. The reaction has made me wiser and better, and if his grand came in his sophomore year, and his escapades thoughts are expressed in the most finished and resulted in an intimation from the authorities perfect manner, it is a fault that the thousand that he had better seek another field for his shiftless writers of prosaic verse would do well to imitate. talents. In his old age he thus wrote about the By way of poetic performance, affair : Stedman had already won college distinctions, and shown himself to be at least a facile versi- “I was an imaginative and excitable boy, and became rather reckless; fell off in all my studies; cut prayers, fier endowed with much poetic sensibility. His etc., and excelled only in English composition, and in 6 Hours of Idleness or “ Victor and Cazire" reading. ... My nights were spent with beer, whiskey- period produced nothing that is particularly skin, skittles, and howling around town. How I lived worth preserving, but it determined his bent, through it, I dont know. At the end of sophomore At the end of sophomore and supplies its element to the interest of his year, I was arrested one night with some older men and taken before the local Dogberry. The others gave false life-story. names, paid their fines, and got away, but I was recogni Passing over his youthful experiences as > 1910.) 457 THE DIAL 9 ress. upon which printer, publisher, and editor, and the story of of the Massachusetts Fifth, waving it over him and the boy-and-girl marriage which seemed so fool- pleading for the men to rally around him, but it was in ish but which laid the foundation of a half- vain; they heeded him not. An officer asked the priv- ilege of riding behind him. It was granted, and before century of happy domestic life, we find Stedman they had gone a hundred yards a shot from the thicket in New York at the age of twenty-one, in search struck the officer in the head and he reeled off. Mr. of a living. He experimented in selling clocks, Stedman wrapped up the standard and galloped about in real estate brokerage, in the law, and in the a mile ahead, and afterwards succeeded in rallying a railroad business — all the time with one eye larger force. Thus did the poet receive his baptism of fire, upon journalism as a practical gateway to liter- ature. One of the most interesting chapters in and become qualified for something better than the biography is his account of the Unitary an arm-chair singer of the battle-field. His Home in which the family lived from 1858 to stirring war-poems followed in rapid succession, 1860. This was an experiment in modifie and were among the most inspiring that our four At the beginning of Fourierism, a kind of coöperative boarding- years' struggle produced. house, which solved the problem of comfortable 1862, Stedman became an assistant to Attorney- existence upon a moderate outlay. He calls it General Bates, occupying the post until late in “ A Brownstone Utopia,” describing both its the following year. Then he returned to New York, got more and more definitely into the management and its denizens in a very charm- ing way. This description was prepared as a banking business, and made fairly steady prog- He wrote to his mother in 1865 : chapter of the “ Reminiscences he was engaged near the end of his life, a work “ I enclose a slip, to show you the honorable and large position of my house. Although obliged to leave, of which he brought only a few fragments to a poor, I have the satisfaction of having, unaided, built finished state. up the most popular and successful young banking- The story of his successful skit, - The house in New York, and having shown that poetry, if Diamond Wedding,” and of how he almost had good, may not untit a man for other work, if he chooses to do it. If I had health for five years, I would write to fight a duel on account of it, is too long to two or three books, and open banking-houses in London relate here, but it must be mentioned as one of and Paris, in connection with the New York house." the things that brought him into closer rela- Among the happenings of the ten years fol- tions with journalism. It was soon followed by lowing, we may mention Stedman's joining of “How Old Brown Took Harper's Ferry” and the Stock Exchange Board in 1869, his restora- “ The Ballad of Lager Bier," the three ballads tion to membership in the Yale class of '53, together earning for him a reputation that his with the degrees of A.B. and M.A., in 1871, more serious and artistic poetry had failed to and his publication of " Victorian Poets” in secure. He received no pay from the “ Tribune" 1875. To this period belong the extremely for these poems, but they brought him his first interesting letters from Swinburne upon which assignment from that paper—to report the fun- we commented last year (July 1, 1909). Mr. eral of Irving at Sunnyside, and he received ten Watts-Dunton calls them by far the most dollars for the four columns of his report. At interesting letters that Algernon ever wrote." this time also, he entered into his lifelong friend- The decade brought varying fortunes, and alter- ships with Taylor, Stoddard, Leland, Boker, nating moods of gayety and depression. Here Aldrich, Willis, Winter, and many others. Of is a confession dated 1870: that joyous company, Mr. Winter is now the “ Have passed the fatal – to poets — thirty-seventh sole survivor. year, and begin to think I am no poet; only a poor, Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter, gray-haired, unsuccessful dreamer, trying to get fat by Stedman set out for Washington as correspond feeding on the wind. Am as poor as on my twentieth ent of the New York “World,” and for the birthday, except in the love of friends. Mother and Mary send me gifts; my wife and boys love me, and remainder of the year 1862 he was hard at work we are all in a hired home by ourselves, - but O, how either at the capital or in the field. He saw the poor, and how precarious the future! And how my first battle of Bull Run, and described it in what genius, whatever it may be, is cramped, warped, and was called “ the best single letter written during gradually atrophying away.” the whole war." But he did more than observe, When the “ Victorian Poets ” had at last gone as will be seen from these words of another through the press early in 1875, the author correspondent: took the first real outing of his life, setting sail “The enemy appeared in sight, firing their guns, the for “ The Carib Sea” for a few weeks of dreamy balls raining upon us thick. Emerging from the valley This was such a joy as he had never we saw the reporter of the World,' with the standard before known, and the enchantment of the ex- ease. 458 [Dec. 1, THE DIAL perience colored his thoughts for all the rest of although within easy reach of New York — at his days. A second trip was made in 1892, Lawrence Park, Bronxville. This was the Casa and from the two journeys flowed a spring of Laura in which he spent a term of relatively lyrical inspiration which offers unfailing refresh- peaceful years, saddened toward the close by the ment to the readers of his collected poems. death of Mrs. Stedman in 1905, and of their For the next quarter-century, Stedman re oldest son a few months later. Then, in 1906, mained an active member of the Stock Ex the house was sold, and he returned to the city, change; finally disposing of his seat in 1900. occupying the apartment in Broadway where On that date he wrote in his diary: he was to die less than two years later. Miss “ Sold my 'seat' in the New York Stock Exchange Stedman gives us the following affecting account for $39,500, less a commission, etc. This ends a mem of his last hours : bership of thirty and one-half years (since the summer of 1869), and it is like tearing a tree up by the roots. “ At the family dinner — the old-time hour at which All this time I have walked that floor, until its tragedies to talk over intimate and outside affairs,—the evening and comedies — its drama -- its friendships in battle and before his death, he was, says Mrs. Ellen Douglas Sted- in action - in success and despair — have become a man, ' more like himself than for days. He long had part of my life. It is the first chance, in seventeen been,' she adds, “putting on a brave face to the outside world,' but he was now unusually bright and alert.' years, for retiring with honor, though half the money goes to liquidate my debts to my dear comrade Baker, Did he, perhaps, forefeel the coming end, and was he who has carried me through evil times. And I am at smiling, even laughing, at Death, as he crowded the best leaving the raft which has given me support since days and hours with social activities and duties? He my ship was scuttled in 1883. Here at sixty-six, I don't followed his guests to the door, and keeping them a little know whether I have strength to live by writing, and I longer, told one more story' before Good-night was have no other means of support.”. called, — as if pleading to be thus remembered. He was accustomed to leave the papers, books, etc., on his The reference to the “scuttled ship” has to do work-table so that he could easily resume his study or with the tragedy of his business life. In the writing where he had left off: this last night his books Spring of 1882, fortune was smiling upon him were balanced to the hour, and everything was ar- as never before, and he went to Europe, plan- ranged and ordered as if he were, indeed, going away upon a journey. On the morning of Saturday, January ning an Italian vacation of several months. But 18, 1908, Mr. Stedman rose a little later than usual, he was barely settled in Venice, when a cable and passed the morning at work upon his last essay. gram informed him that his business had sud His mail was large, and he said: • Twenty-seven letters! denly become a wreck. Returning at once to What is the use !' After a late luncheon, he passed to another room and fell." New York, he set about saving what was possi- ble, and after a very black year of struggle, Three days later, the funeral services were held, culminating in one terrible day of the following and a year later his friends gathered in the Summer, was able to write: “ As it is, my bank- Carnegie Lyceum to pay their tribute to his ing capital is gone—I am in a sea of doubt and memory. trouble --- but have averted dishonor, saved my raphy supplements rather than continues the The second of the two volumes of this biog- confidential and my Wall Street engagements, saved many humble friends from ruin." His first, by devoting separate chapters to Stedman's tangled affairs were settled by the end of the chief literary works, as illustrated by the corre- year, and he resumed, regretfully, his active spondence and criticism that they evoked. Other membership of the Stock Exchange. How he chapters are concerned with his public activities felt about it all may be learned from this extract and private friendships, and to the whole an from a letter : extensive bibliography is appended. The chief « The scholar's delightful indolence crept over me achievement of this second volume is the setting once more, during the few months when I stayed up forth of the many ways in which he was in touch town, and smoked, and wrote at my will. Gods ! how with life, each contact being a vital experience I hated to go back to meaner things. Nothing but the for himself as well as a matter of interest for great value of my 'seat' to my family, in case of my others. So rich is the material here offered that death, and the will to have absolute vindication, led me to accept it again. For I found that we could live on no review can pretend to do it justice, and we the rent of Laura's house added to my literary income- can only record the plain fact that the work is provided I should write altogether. Yes, and a quiet, interesting beyond almost any other of its kind happy life — writing poetry. Think of what duty has in the field of American literature. Two scraps compelled me to give up." from the feast spread before us may be offered The story of Stedman's life is mainly recorded in further illustration of the quality of this auto- in the first of the two large volumes now before biographic revelation. us. It was in 1897 that he established himself “ I'd go anywhere to see you, or please you, except in a suburban home-almost a country home, as a show to a lot of charming and witty girls. Bless sa W 1910.) 463 THE DIAL of the masters of landscape with whom, for the in identifying localities and seeing what a man beauty of his own work, we should want to has made of them. have much to do; and although there are many It must be allowed, however, that such a things by Wilson that are charming, yet one means runs easily into the descriptive or the can see how a Frenchman whose mind was full historical, and this is M. Michels especial field; of Claude would not consider him very im- indeed, his criticism is too often apt to lack portant. But both men were undeniable in artistic quality. He often speaks of the senti- fluences. To us in America they are more ment or the idea of a painter, and often, too, of interesting than elsewhere, for there can be his technical means. But these things somehow little doubt that the pictures of Wilson, and to fail to give one the painter's quality. Velasquez, a less degree of Salvator, were a real inspiration he says, " is unique as a painter.” Doubtless : to Thomas Cole and the first American land but I at least feel the truth of this remark more scapists, not to mention American writers and on looking at the two pictures of the Villa Medici men of general culture. Doubtless M. Michel Doubtless M. Michel in the Prado, or rather at their reproductions, was not at all interested in Cole and his inspir- than by reading M. Michel's criticism. But ations, or in American landscape, but it was M. Michel's position has been long known, and not by any means in America alone that Salvator there is no reason why I should try to define was an influence, or Wilson either. So I feel it. His book certainly gathers together an a lack in this book which comes, doubtless, immense amount that will delight any lover of from looking in it for what M. Michel did not landscape. care to put there. In turning to the Impressionistic landscapists If the reader will look at the book for what in M. Duret's book, one thing will be immedi- is there he will find much that he will like. ately obvious of which the cause is significant. Here is an appreciative and thorough account The pictures give by no means so pleasing an of the Barbizon painters ; bere, as one would impression as those of the other book. In fact, expect, is a thoroughly sympathetic treatment some of the impressionist pictures look very of Nicolas Poussin and of Claude; here is a childish, — for instance, the “ Paysage ” of full dealing with Ruysdael, Hobbema, and the Cézanne, or one or two by Monet. None of the Flemish and Dutch.* These things one would pictures in M. Michel's book look childish except expect, but there are other matters not so the ry early ones : even the pictures of some obvious. One is a matter of method. It lesser-known Dutch painter, say Van Goyen, surely is excellent in M. Michel to study land do not look childish at all. The reason for this scape not only with his eye on the picture but on is as plain as the fact, and it is a characteristic the scene. Here we have the so-called “Tempest matter. In the newer landscapists drawing is of Giorgione compared with a photograph of of less importance than some other things, Castlefranco; we have a consideration of Titian for example, vibration; and while drawing is on the basis of the photographs and sketches something that can be well reproduced by a of the country about Cadore; we have the photograph, vibration cannot. The means taken already known comparison of some of the land by the impressionists to gain by painting the scapes of Ruysdael with the localities them- especial effects that they desire are such as selves. I am sorry that M. Michel did not go cannot be reproduced in some totally different further in this way, for it seems to me to be full medium. You cannot give a good idea of of possibilities, — not for identification only, Richard Strauss's orchestration on a pianola. but to help us form an idea of what the painter In other words the impressionists are aiming at had in his mind to give us in his picture. It very different effects from the landscapists of is something like a comparison of Shakespeare's earlier years. Even Constable, Crome, Cotman, plays with their sources, a study that may easily or Rousseau, Corot, Millet, though acknow- become dry and lifeless, but which is also sus- ledged by the moderns to be great painters of ceptible of real gain in dramatic appreciation. landscape, did not have the same aims as the In studying American landscapists, in partic- present. People now look in landscape for ular, such a method has its advantages, one of things very different from those which charmed which is that it is not difficult to do a good deal preceding generations. They want form, com- Cf. Mr. Harrison, p. 28: “Thanks to them (the lumi- position, values, as people always have; but narists] it is not possible for the worst of our modern land- they also want, and want more, light, vibration, scapists to use such distressing color as is to be found in the actuality. And these new elements in landscape best of the Hobbemas and Cuyps and Ruysdaels of the sixteenth century." so potent that their presence or absence are 464 [Dec. 1, THE DIAL outweighs all other things put together when it THE DIVERTING DIGRESSI NS OF A comes to quality. Hence the impressionist is CELEBRATED ARTIST.* indifferent to subject in so far as associations The striking, the picturesque, the tragic, are concerned, or picturesqueness. He finds an comic, or otberwise significant aspect of things ordinary hillside with a house on it as good a which men of the brusb and pencil have a way subject as a craggy precipice with a romantic of seeing and of reproducing by their art, they old castle. In fact it is better as a subject; also not infrequently possess the kpack of for there will be no story or association to dis- picturing with their pen in a manner higbly tract attention from the light and the feeling stimulating and refreshing to their readers. If of reality and the atmosphere which he wishes Thackeray and Du Maurier had not been to give. There are many things in Nature, and draughtsmen before they were writers, how when one is accustomed to her freshness and much less might bave been their success in the brilliancy, or her softness and delicacy, one is literary world! Although Mr. Elibu Vedder not satisfied by a number of other things which repeatedly and unaffectedly disclaims all literary sometimes are not in Nature at all. Whether skill, bis autobiography, the rich and varied this is for the best or not, we need not discuss record of his seventy-four years of going to and here. An understanding of the fact shows the fro in the earth and walking up and down in it, difference between the impressionist landscape painting the while as well as doing thousands of and every other landscape that has preceded it. other things, is incomparably the most diverting The others may be beautiful, – they often are, book of the season so far as the season's and a landscape that was beautiful in the time books bave come to the present writer's potice. of Giorgione will generally have preserved its • The Digressions of V.," as the author beauty to-day, - but the landscape beauty of humorously names his autobiographical recol- to-day is something that the older masters did lections, may indeed occasionally remind some not think of. older readers of Artemus Ward's familiar way M. Duret's book is on " Manet and the of deserting the topic of his lecture to expatiate French Impressionists," and half the book is on on sundry irrelevant matters casually called to Manet, who was not a painter of landscape. He mind, until the evening was found to have sped was, however, often enough a painter of out-of- and the announced lecture had to be postponed. doors, and of his pictures here reproduced, “Le But it is with Mr. Vedder as with Artemus : Déjeuner sur l'Herbe" is quite as much of a whatever the drift of his discourse, one could landscape as the picture of Giorgione which not possibly wish him to be talking about any- inspired it. And whether landscapist or not, thing else in the world than just what is actually Manet was full of the feeling and ideal which claiming his attention, and his listener's. A bit afterward appeared in the pictures of Monet of original verse on the half-title-page indicates and Pissarro. So the whole book will be inter- the book's purpose : esting to the student of landscape. As we have "Somewhat o'ershadowed by great names, said, the impressionist landscapes do not always A feeble plant he tries to rear; lend themselves to reproduction, but with this It is not nourished by great aims necessary drawback the book is handsomely Nor yet retarded by much fear; illustrated with etchings, wood-engravings, and His aims if any are but these, To be remembered and to please.” half-tones. The title-page itself sets forth the nature of It is an inspiring thing to read these books what is to come, tbus : and get an idea of the beauty of nature as it “ Containing the quaint legends of his infancy, an has moved the genius of so many artists. If account of his stay in Florence, the garden of lost one read them this Winter, one will see more opportunities, return home on the track of Columbus, that is delightful next Summer, if not before. his struggle in New York in war-time coinciding with EDWARD E. HALE, JR. that of the nation, his prolonged stay in Rome, and likewise his prattlings upon art, tamperings with liter- ature, struggles with verse, and many other things, The new John Hay Library of Brown University was being a portrait of himself from youth to age.” put to excellent use, Nov. 28, as the joint meeting place In his Introduction Mr. Vedder deplores his of New England library clubs, guests of the Rhode lack of a Boswell, his experience convincing Island Library Association. “ The Inter-relationship of him that full many a spark of wit is struck to Libraries in a Community” was the topic appointed for general discussion in such margin of time as the inspec- * THE DIGRESSIONS OF V. Written for his own fun and tion of the fine new building and the social amenities that of his friends. By Elihu Vedder. Illustrated by the of the occasion left available. author. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910.] 465 THE DIAL flash unseen, and waste its brilliance on the A few pages later he relates an ingenious but family air; and therefore, faute de mieux, he unanswerable question which he had put to an decides to be his own Boswell, and also to tell orthodox Sunday-school teacher, and which the his story in plain and simple language. “Apro- latter could not answer without stultifying him- pos of hard words,” he explains, “ I frequently self or incriminating the Deity. “My child,” tell of the Frenchman who disliked tomatoes. replied the teacher, “you are too young to He said he was glad of it, for if he liked them, understand such things; when you get older, he would eat them - whereas he detested them. all that will be explained.” · I am still wait- It is the same with me in regard to hard words. ing for the explanation, — still too young, per- I don't like them; luckily I know but few; if haps," adds the author. I knew many more I would use them, whereas The turn that his artistic impulse later took I detest them, or at least regard them with toward the not infrequent representation of the apprehension.'' weird, the gruesome, the shuddersome, may The author's name is in itself enough to indi. indi- perhaps be partly accounted for by the follow- cate his Dutch descent. Schenectady was the ing boyhood experience: American cradle of his race, and its members “ In this quiet street there had been a very old grave- intermarried to an extent that would now alarm yard; but progress, even in that quiet spot, had made the apostle of eugenics, but that then seems to its appearance, and it was decreed that the graveyard must be removed. And so it happened that I had a have had no worse effects than the generating glimpse of an uncle that I had never known. Why I of strong, not to say idiosyncratic, characters went, or whu too. me, I have forgotten, but shall never in considerable numbers. One of these was a forget what I saw. We had to go some distance out grandfather, or great-grandfather, of the artist, of town; it was a cold day, under a gloomy sky, that we clinbed the bleak hillside until we could see beneath who never allowed his religion to give him a us the ice-blocked river and the flooded, snow-covered moment's concern, because he knew his damna- flats fading away into the distance. From afar off, tion or election was already irrevocably deter borne on the wind, came the tooting of a distant engine, mined, and there was no use in worrying. On a most desolate sound. At our feet, on the frozen the day of his death he took care to have the ground, was a broken and decayed coffin with the lid clock wound as usual, wound his watch, and gone, and in it a tall skeleton to which clung bits of shroud that fluttered in the chilly wind, - and this was, announced that he was going to die at three or had been, my Uncle Uri. A strange meeting, indeed! o'clock. Had death failed to keep the appoint- And then back to the cheerful town and tủe warm fire- ment he would have been much put out, says side — leaving him out there alone.” his grandson. It was in New York, however, Strange and mysterious things were con- not in Schenectady, that Elibu, son of Elihu stantly occurring in the Vedder fainily. For and Elizabeth (Vedder) Vedder, was born on example, the mother, after having the time of the 26th of February, 1836. Of the various her death predicted years before by a fortune- homes he knew in boyhood, on Long Island and teller, and after the foolish augury had been in Cuba, as well as in New York and Schenect- all but forgotten by those interested in it, was ady, and of the successive schools to which he actually taken ill at the appointed time and, was sent and where he was exposed to the more through the carelessness of an aged doctor who or less imminent danger of catching an educa- forgot to prescribe a strengthening diet when tion, and of all the pranks he engaged in and the crisis was past, fell a victim to medical the narrow escapes he had from sundry sorts of neglect and died of innutrition. The announce- violent death, there is no space here to tell. ment of her death caused her son Elihu to faint These things, with hundreds more, must be read read away, for the only time in his life, so deep and in the writer's own words and with the artist's strong was his attachment to her. own drawings. A brief passage from an early His art education, it is significant to note, was page will show what bent was early given to largely self-education. At the Atelier Picot, in his mind in religious matters. Paris, whither the young man betook himself “I am writing of long ago. At that time, as a in 1856, the instruction consisted," as we read, matter of course, all good Christians quarreled among “ in a little old man with a decoration coming themselves, at least in Schenectady, but united most twice a week and saying to each one of us, · Pas harmoniously in persecuting the poor Universalists. In mal! Pas mal !' and going away again. But Schenectady it was like the early days of the Church. We met almost furtively, and the windows of the we got instruction from the older students, got humble little chapel were constantly broken by stones, it hot and heavy and administered in the most thrown, sometimes, during the meetings. And all this sarcastic way.” Further, the author goes on: because they, the Universalists, held that a good God “Who can tell of the workings of Fate or foretell would never create any one for endless torture.” anything? Had I fallen in with some of the American 466 [Dec. 1, THE DIAL I was students of Couture, I might have gone there and the heart or mind is not my proper trade after all, and gotten over a faithful but fiddling little way of drawing if I had not better stick to it." which hangs around me yet, ‘unbeknownst,' or I might Yes, it is getting at the heart, of the reader have said in later years with a most talented friend of mine, • I wish to God I could get rid of that cut-and- no less than of the picture-viewer, that is Mr. dried Beaux-Arts style. All that is past remedy. I Vedder's “ proper trade.” In his book he ap- was only in Paris eight months, drawing from plaster peals to the unspoiled human nature that is in casts, and left because Rhodes left, — and I wanted to us, and reveals himself as unmistakably human see Italy." and large-hearted and lovable, generously en- And in Italy, the author tells us, so much Art dowed with desirable qualities from those sturdy burst into his unprepared mind that the result- and enterprising Dutch pioneers of the Mohawk ing confusion has lasted for the rest of his life. valley, and richly possessed of all that comes “I studied by myself,” he continues, and some to him who lives a long and full life worthily times wish I hadn't, for my pictures always have and well. Such scanty quotations and conden- to me a home-made air which I don't like. sations as have been given above can convey mean, they lack the air of a period or school, and no adequate notion of the charm of the author's this — I say it seriously seems to me a great digressive narrative, and hardly a word has defect.” Probably it is this very “ defect” of been said of the abundant and always character- unconventionality, or originality, that his ad- istic and appropriate illustrations, which are mirers most like in him. While on this topic sometimes reproductions of the artist's more of theory in art, he adds : celebrated paintings, sometimes sketches made “One thing I settled on that style should spring expressly for the book. There are many pecu- entirely from the subject, be appropriate to it and the liarities in the cover-design, the title page, and time at your disposal, whether you were taking it by assault or by siege; and my idea of the aim of Art elsewhere, that are eminently Vedderesque. first to have an idea, and then from your expe- Scarcely ever, in fact, has a man put more of riences and the nature about you get the material to himself into his book than has this artist-author clothe it. In fact, take a soul and give it body; this in my case has not been a cold blooded plan of action, Digressions of V.” crammed into the generous bulk of “ The PERCY F. BICKNELL. but merely the expression of my nature. I am not the discoverer of this idea, however.” Contrasting his style as artist with his style as writer of his own life, the author remarks on THE NEWEST BOOK OF PARIS. * the peculiar fondness he has for painting land- scapes with no figures, whereas in wandering Disdaining to enter into competition with through the hazy past he finds himself always Baedeker, the most recent author of a “ Book writing about the figures and not about the of Paris " has undertaken the pleasant task in landscape. “Is it," he asks,“ because I have some such spirit as Thackeray used in his been so awfully bored by long descriptions of “Sketch Books.” It is true that Mr. Claude beautiful scenes and health-giving air which only C. Washburn takes himself far more seriously the writer can afford to either see or breathe? than Thackeray ever took himself; and takes Or that Nature is always in dead earnest, ex less pains to make sure his little asides are truly cept in kittens and puppies ?” Dead earnest interesting. That is a mere detail. Both the is, happily, often absent from Mr. Vedder's Victorian and the American write “ personal” volumes. And the later-comer tells us, with Referring to one of his best-known works, perfect veracity, that “ Paris is not the subject he writes : of the book : Paris is only the medium.” The “ I have been told by those in the trade that, as an subject is life: “and whatever, good or bad, illustrated book, the Omar Khayyam has had a longer has any bearing upon life is found somewhere lease of life than any other book of its kind. I happen in its pages.” It may sound unduly patronizing to know that it yet sells, and have reason for being glad of it. But I wonder why the book should sell. I to hint that it is unfortunate that Mr. Wash- am not alluding to the poem that will always sell; burn has already given us his “ Book of Paris," but is there something wrong about the pictures - instead of keeping it by him to rewrite, and something Tapperish - that they should have been so delete, and enrich. Yet it is certain that in popular? A fearful thought. It cannot be the drawing in them, for plenty of men - I do not say can, but at taste and in true knowledge of life he will in least do, draw better; therefore that cannot be the the years to come greatly increase,,or at least attraction. They take the mind, perhaps ? - - or do they * PAGES FROM THE BOOK OF PARIS. By Claude C. touch the heart? Who knows? The subject is too deep Washburn. With etchings and drawings by Lester G. for me; I give it up,-- yet I wonder if that getting at Hornby. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. mirthful pages. 1910.] 467 THE DIAL ; that is to be devoutly wished and hoped for. A craftsmanship nor selectiveness are in every travel-book of the conventional sort Mr. Wash case absent. There are several effective street- burn is amply qualified to produce. It is only It is only scenes; and in handling such unambitious com- this fuller and more ambitious kind of writing positions as are strongest, after all, in “ human that he is hardly “up to.” In feeling that interest,” or, at any rate, homely interest - Mr. Washburn could have greatly improved cabs at the cab stand, for example — success his book and made it altogether good reading, in all things but originality is attained. And which it is not as it stands—I judge, in part, by what is originality compared with sincerity? the intolerant common sense of his "exposure” In spite of his failure to spare us such messiness of so-called bohemianism; by the delightful as blots his “Old Passage, Palais Royal,” Mr. passage on the Faubourg St. Germain ; by the Hornby has already, when at his best, a certain exquisitely humorous account of a motor-bus delicacy both in impressibility and manner; and journey from Montmartre to the Left Bank - a decided charm. such a journey as my Uncle Toby himself might The Book of Paris has often been written, well have taken, in company with his diverting and by eminent hands.” It has been written nephew, had he lived long enough to be shaken and unwritten and rewritten and it has so far about in a motor-bus. If the “ Book of Paris" come no nearer completion than the catalogue were not, even as it stands, the most striking of the Bibliothèque Nationale. Yet when a book recently published on the subject of so writer of great opportunity, so far as “ elegant many books, I should not have been tempted to leisure " goes, “ settles " in Paris, how can he write about it at such length, and with so many utterly fail to convey something of the city's qualifying phrases. As a matter of fact, it is enduring charm ? when he almost succeeds in getting the better WARREN BARTON BLAKE. of his very troublesome self-consciousness that Mr. Washburn interests his reader. “Oh, for the poet great enough to convince us of the NOTES OF A VETERAN PRINTSELLER. * nobility and the glory of eating when we are The announcement of a book about the great really hungry!” he exclaims on a page that we engravers, from the pen of one who has acquired could well do without. This is, in his own intimate knowledge of their works during forty phrase, de la littérature: and not good litera- years' experience as a printseller, naturally ture. Neither is what follows: arouses keen expectations. It is somewhat dis- “We reserve the sp