n our minds; but, strictly speaking, answers none.
at all.
In handling the large inquiry as to whether Chaucer's
Doubters of the actuality of Mr.
Two months
treatment of love is conventional or shot with satire,
Joseph Knowles's alleged experiences
very many sources of evidence which this writer
during his two months of solitude in
deems out of his sphere must be evoked. Among the Maine woods, which he entered without clothing
other queries, it would be interesting to seek the or other equipment on the fourth of last August,
bearing of that most curious of all facts in the Chaucer
and whence he emerged in a suit of skins and in
psychology: the recanting of his best books at the hardy physical condition on the fourth of October,
conclusion of that work of supererogation, “The should read the convincing narrative of this experi-
Parson's Tale.”
ment in primitive living —“Alone in the Wilder-
New textbooks
Of making many books on the short
ness”— written subsequently by himself and illus-
for studying story there is just now no end. One
trated from drawings made by him in the woods
the short story. of the latest, “The Modern Short-
with birch bark and charred sticks for his materials,
and also from photographs taken before and after
Story” (Barnes), by Miss Lucy Lilian Notestein
in collaboration with Mr. Waldo Hilary Dunn, is an
the events described. Of course his exploit was in
attempt to extract what is genuinely valuable from
the nature of a “stunt," with the betting odds de-
cidedly against success in his proposed undertaking.
the mass of recent theory and comment, and to
But the agencies that were expected to defeat him,
present it in a form useful for classes and self-
cold and hunger and other bodily hardships, proved
taught students. That the work gives generous
to be the least of the obstacles encountered. It
citations from other authorities is a proof of honesty
rather than of any lack of originality. The treat-
was the want of human intercourse in those sylvan
ment shows some of the limitations which are usual
solitudes that came nearest to breaking the back-
bone of his resolution. How he devised occupation
in a book that is based on the instructional method
of one teacher; and as a textbook it suffers some-
to keep his mind in some sort of tone, and all the
what from slight indistinctness of plan, which is
wonders of the woodland world that revealed them-
selves to him, with much else that is to be read both
made worse by the habit of printing illustrative
in and between the lines of his narrative, make a
extracts in the same type as the text. With all
its minor defects it is, however, a pleasingly sane
story of rare interest, a Robinson Crusoe tale of real
and judicious manual, full of sound theory and good
life. With an excess of modesty he insists that what
illustrative criticism. — Miss Margaret Asbmun's
he did was no more than any man in normal health
“Modern Short Stories” (Macmillan) is another
could have accomplished. On the contrary, few men
have both Mr. Knowles's skill in woodcraft and his
of the many collections of short stories, with Intro-
duction, Bibliographical and Biographical Notes,
varied previous experience of roughing it under
and a list of more stories in the Appendix. The
divers sorts of trying conditions. With the enthu-
choice of stories reflects the present interest in
siasm born of his recent success in a hazardous
Continental writers, nine out of twenty-one items
venture, he now plans to establish a colony on a
being translations. At the same time, up-to-date
government tract of land, if he can obtain it, to lead
a wholesome outdoor life, near to nature's heart;
American methods are shown in selections from
Mr. Jack London, Mr. William Allen White, and
and he also proposes, in order to convince the skeptics
others. The Introduction contains carefully-wrought
who at present question the truth of his narrative,
brief essays on "The Technique of the Short-Story”
to repeat the experiment in the near future, with
and “The Short-Story in Europe and America.”
“a dozen representative men” as witnesses. Mr.
Unfortunately the biographical and bibliographical reformer, and writer, possesses elements of uncon-
Knowles, artist, trapper, hermit, naturalist, social
notes are thrown together in the careless fashion
that characterizes so much American editing. Ex-
scious picturesqueness and simple charm that cannot
fail to endear him to a wide circle of readers.
amples of easily corrected errors are the wrong
date
for “The Scarlet Letter" (p. 258), and the strange
(Small, Maynard & Co.)
statement that Thomas Bailey Aldrich enlisted as a
Mr. Clare Jerrold, who last year
Queen Victoria
private in the Civil War (p. 198). Unless Miss
published a volume on "The Early
Ashmun has data not known to recent biographers
Prince Consort. Court of Queen Victoria,” has con-
of Poe, the statements regarding the composition of tinued his studies of royalty with a book devoted to
“Berenice," and other “Tales of the Folio Club” “The Married Life of Queen Victoria” (Putnam).
(pp. xxv., 11) are mere conjectures given as facts. This new work covers the period from the Queen's
Repeated assertions regarding Poe's indebtedness | marriage in 1840 to the death of the Prince Consort
and the


1914]
347
THE DIAL
Sir Thomas
More's house
at Chelsea.
in 1861; it is an intimate account of life at Windsor chapters treat lightly and entertainingly of Charles-
and Buckingham, and is chiefly devoted to domestic ton, Washington, Savannah, New Orleans, the
matters, though several chapters are included which Suwanee River, the mules of Georgia, the romance
deal particularly with the attitude of the royal couple of a Russian Romeo and Juliet (the scene of which
toward the great international problems of their time. is laid partly in New Orleans), the “conquering
The author apparently came to his task with a deep pioneer,” the picturesque figure of Sam Houston,
appreciation of the worth and virtues of the monarch and similar themes. The writer ventures the un-
whom he calls Victoria-Albert; but this appreciation qualified assertion that “the best blood of America
seems to have declined as the study became more is in Texas,” which of course is likely to raise the
intensive. He finds that while Prince Albert was temperature of the blood in every other State. She
doubtless a most excellent man in many respects, he also informs us that, by a wise provision of nature,
was narrow and priggish, and that his unpopularity " after the Civil War all the babies born in the South
had a more real basis than his German ancestry. were boys. It was impossible for mothers who
He came to England to teach the English aristocracy longed for them, to produce girls, ..." In speak-
certain lessons in virtuous conduct, and the rathering of herself she says:
“ The one satisfactory thing
complaisant Englishman resented both the purpose in my shorn and unsatisfactory life is that I was
and the methods employed. The Queen is viewed born a Southern woman. I love the South and
in a similar light; she had her strong points, but everything in it. I could be, if I allowed myself,
was, after all, a rather ordinary woman. Her taste rigid and narrow, but I just open my heart and
in dress was not as highly cultivated as we should won't be.” “I have known very charming, agree-
expect: on the morning of the Prince's installation able, and generous Yankees,” she magnanimously
as chancellor of the University of Cambridge, she acknowledges. A pleasing portrait of Mrs. O'Connor
drove through that city “wearing a claret-coloured precedes her lively and varied narrative.
silk gown striped with black, an amber-coloured
Indian shawl embroidered with a wreath of flowers,
In his book, “The Greatest House
and a bonnet of lilac-coloured silk covered with lace
at Chelsey” (Lane), Mr. Randall
Davies deals with a most attractive
and ornamented with flowers. A mixture of colours
so bizarre that criticism fails." The author tells us
theme. It is to this historic building, now repre-
that he began his study with strong prejudices against
sented by a mere fragment, that Erasmus refers in
Lord Palmerston, but soon came to see that he alone
the letter known to many readers: “More hath
of all the English statesmen of the time was equal
built near London upon the Thames side a commo-
to the task assigned, that his policies were such as
dious house, neither mean nor subject to envy, yet
the safety and strength of Britain demanded, and
magnificent enough; there he converseth with his
that in his conflict with Victoria-Albert he was always family, his wife, his son, and daughter-in-law, his
in the right. Like all of Mr. Jerrold's writings, the
three daughters and their husbands, with eleven
book is gossippy and anecdotal; but the account is
grandchildren. There is not any man so loving to
interesting throughout, and has its value in that it
his children as he; and he loveth his old wife as
deals more freely in criticism than has been the
well as if she were a young maid; and such is the
custom of earlier writers on the same subject. The excellency of his temper that whatsoever happeneth
work contains a number of excellent illustrations,
that could not be helped, he loveth it as if nothing
chiefly portraits; among these the author has included
could happen more happily.
.” One is tempted
a reproduction of one of the Queen's own etchings,
to quote still more of this vivid description of a
which, though not great as a work of art, shows that
lovable man in the bosom of his family, a tempta-
Victoria was not wholly wanting in artistic ability. house, built by More in 1520, and enlarged or
tion to which Mr. Davies wisely yields. The famous
Mrs. T. P. O'Connor, whose long rebuilt by Sir Robert Cecil in 1597, was successively
Memories of
residence in England and Ireland owned by fourteen men of eminence, beginning with
girlhood.
may make others (but not herself) More and ending with Sir Hans Sloane, and includ-
forget that she is an American, a Southerner, bying, besides Cecil, Lord Burghley, the great and
birth, revives many of her early memories of the the lesser Dukes of Buckingham, the Earl of Bris-
home-land in a book packed with personal anecdote tol, and the Duke of Beaufort. “With such company
and appropriately entitled, “My Beloved South” as this,” says the author, “the reader need never
(Putnam). Not unlike Mrs. Burton Harrison’s retro fear to be dull; and lest the author should be, he
spective volume of a few years ago (“Recollections, has preferred wherever possible to let the past speak
Grave and Gay"), it presents in most attractive for itself, and to transcribe freely from the contem-
form the chivalry and romance, with a touch also of porary writers in each period.” From unpublished
the pathos, of the Old South so famous in song
and letters and other pot easily accessible material, Mr.
story; and it also deals instructively, here and there, Davies selects passages bearing upon the characters
with more recent conditions in that part of our and the scene of his historical drama, if one may so
country, as in the chapter entitled "A Present-Day name it; and he adds eighteen illustrations, of which
Plantation,” a pendant to her earlier sketch of “An the Holbein portraits are the most noteworthy. As
Old-Time Plantation," in the same book. Other a view of two centuries (1520–1740) of English
a Southern


348
(April 16
THE DIAL
in America.
life and character, illustrated by a succession of and social conditions. Naturally, much of the liter-
notable persons and interesting events, the book is ature which deals with this question is controversial
well planned and well executed.
in character, but there have been some notable
exceptions, the most recent of which is Professor
“Psychology in Daily Life," by Charles G. Haines's “The American Doctrine of
Every-day
Professor C. E. Seashore of the Uni-
psychology.
Judicial Supremacy” (Macmillan). The author
versity of Iowa, is the first volume
attempts to review the origin and development of
in the “Conduct of Mind Series” (Appleton), whose
the practice of judicial control over legislation in
purpose is “to provide readily intelligible surveys
this country, from colonial times to the present. He
of selected aspects of the study of mind and its
traces the origin of judicial power over legislation
applications.” The series, as well as the initial
from the ancient and mediæval law of nature, from
volume, expresses a dominant tendency in current
Coke's theory of the supremacy of the common law
psychology. The infant stage of a science is a period
courts, and from American colonial precedents, to
of theoretical and experimental orientation; the
adolescent stage is a period of rapidly widening recognized principle of our constitutional law. He
its emergence in the nineteenth century as a fully
interests and applications to practical affairs; the
reviews the early opposition which the doctrine en-
adult stage is a period of more or less settled facts
countered, and the recent outpouring of criticism by
and confident progress. Psychology has reached
socialists, progressives, sociological writers, and even
the stage in which applications abound, and contacts
with other and practical interests are profitable.
judges themselves. It is safe to say that no treatise
The boundaries of the science have sufficiently
has yet appeared which deals with the subject in
a spirit characterized by so much impartiality,
expanded to make such advances useful and safe
scholarship, and breadth of view.
under competent direction. There has recently been
much writing on applied phases of psychology.
Some of this literature is genuinely scientific, some
Dr. James Douglas, in his study of
English and
is purely or even crudely commonplace, and some is
French colonies “New England and New France"
pseudo-scientific. “Psychology in Daily Life” be-
(Putnam), makes an attempt, and
longs to the first class. It is popular yet thoroughly
on the whole a very satisfactory one, to describe and
authoritative; it is non-technical yet scientifically
contrast the spirit of the two colonies in the seven-
conservative. It is the mature outgrowth of broad
teenth century. In doing so, he depends mainly
psychological knowledge and keen insight into the
upon the evidence of contemporary documents, and
varied and subtle ways of human behavior. The quotes extensively from such narratives as the
of the book is indicated by the topics treated :
Journals of Bradford and Winthrop for New En-
scope
Play, Serviceable Memory, Mental Efficiency, Men gland and Champlain's History and the Jesuit Rela-
tal Health, Mental Law, Law in Illusion, Mental
tions for New France. He has apparently not
made
Measurement. Each chapter is a clear statement
any serious attempt to utilize the stores of
of facts and of the practical suggestions which they unpublished documents in the national and state
support. Teachers, business men, ministers, pro-
archives, the libraries of historical societies and
fessional men, in fact all intelligent readers, will
other institutions, but has made effective use of those
find the book at once interesting and profitable. It
sources available in print. This material is familiar
will tend to give the reader a more balanced insight
to students of the period; but it has not hitherto
into the motives and a more rational control of
been brought together for the purpose of a compre-
conduct. The volume augurs well for the future of
hensive survey of the rival colonies.
Dr. Douglas
the series, and deserves a wide circle of readers.
discusses the colonial administrations of New France
and New England, their jealousies and conflicting
During the last five or six years there
interests, the status of women, slavery, education,
Judicial power
over legislation has been an extensive output of liter-
the French and Puritan missions, superstitions, and
in America.
ature dealing with the American
other minor topics. Two of the earlier chapters
judiciary, books, pamphlets, magazine articles, and
are devoted to a useful summary of documentary
addresses before bar associations. Much of this liter-
ature has been devoted to criticism of the courts,
“The better the book, the briefer the
An admirable
and especially of their power to declare acts of the
praise.” These words of an honored
legislature unconstitutional. American courts have
editorial friend simply insist on being
exercised this power since the Revolution, and for placed at the beginning of this notice of Professor
the most part their right to do so has gone unques Percy Gardner's “Principles of Greek Art" (Mac-
tioned. Recently, however, the freedom with which millan). Some nine years ago the same pen gave
the power has been exercised in some States, espe us a modest but welcome volume called “A Gram.
cially to nullify advanced social legislation, has led mar of Greek Art,” which was intended to set forth
to a widespread belief that the courts are usurping the leading principles of sculpture, painting, archi-
functions that do not properly belong to them, that tecture, and so forth, that could be traced in the
they are standing in the way of social progress, and surviving monuments of ancient Hellas. The pres-
that they are out of touch with modern economic ent work only claims to be an enlargement of the
sources.
handbook on
Greek Art.


1914]
349
THE DIAL
a name?
“Grammar"; but the corrections and additious make most characteristic elements from these various works.
the revision distinctly more valuable, so that the From Victor Hugo and Dickens, Blackmore and George
rather ambitious title is amply justified. The treat-
Macdonald, Miss Mulock and Mrs. Stowe, to John
ment is sane, scholarly, and enjoyable from begin-
Habberton and Ada Ellen Bayley, he interprets his
ning to end; and we can recommend the book most
chosen authors sympathetically and reproduces as much
cordially. With it Professor Gardner has rendered
as possible of their own language.
a substantial service to a cause that is dear to the
The vicissitudes of a travelling showman's life — “a
showman from the day of my birth up to, and including,
heart of every man who persists in believing that
the present time,” the author calls himself—are briskly
the legacy of Hellas to the modern world is so sig- and cheerily narrated by Mr. J. H. Taylor in his book,
nificant and so potentially glorious that life might “ Joe Taylor, Barnstormer” (Jenkins). Disclaiming,
be made better and brighter by a wider appreciation in the first line of his preface, any literary merit in his
of an inheritance that we seem prone to underrate chronicle, be ingratiates himself at once with his readers
and neglect. After this general commendation we by the frankness and good humor of his autobiographic
must content ourselves with saying that the twenty: by his signature as “ Ripley” furnishes some amusing
memories and anecdotes. The clever cartoonist known
one chapters include the fundamental topics nat-
illustrations for the book.
urally implied by the title of the volume; that the
hundred and twelve illustrations are adequate, and
Two volumes of minor writings by the late William
wisely chosen; and that when one differs from the
Graham Sumner of Yale University have been collected
and edited by Professor A. G. Keller, under the titles
author it behooves one to be very sure of his ground. of “War and Other Essays” and “ Earth Hunger and
In a last word, we are glad to note that the typog Other Essays” (Yale University Press). Of the papers
raphy is excellent, and that the general effect of here brought together, the greater part have been
the volume is pleasing in its simplicity.
printed elsewhere, either in periodicals or in earlier
volumes by Sumner. They range in length from forty
Those who are curious to know what
What's in
pages to five or six pages each, and the time of their
interesting associations may have composition extends from 1880 to 1909, the last year
gathered about their own surnames of Sumner's active writing. To the first volume Pro-
should consult Professor Ernest Weekley's curiously fessor Keller contributes an Introduction in the form
erudite volume on “The Romance of Names" of a sketch of Sumner, written with the warm glow of
(Dutton), a work comparable in importance with an intense personal devotion. Much of this material,
Bardsley's “ Dictionary of English Surnames," and
Professor Keller tells us, was to have been worked by
probably more nearly free from hazardous etymo-
Sumner into a large book on “ The Science of Society,”
which he did not live to finish. Like all of Sumner's
logical conjecture. With the London Directory as
a source from wbich to draw a supply of English reveal the virility of the man, his intellectual honesty,
writings, these essays, though many are only fragments,
surnames, the author has grouped under twenty and his fearlessness of expression. In “War and Other
three chapter-headings scholarly discussions of three Essays” is included a bibliography of Sumner's writ-
thousand five hundred or more current names, with ings, while in the other volume is reproduced a brief
an index at the end; and as most surnames have autobiography written by Sumner in 1903. There are
various forms (for example, Gardener, Gardiner, frontispiece portraits; but neither volume is indexed.
Gardner, Gardenier, etc.), the book may be said to Something over seventeen years ago there appeared
deal with twice or thrice the number of names in
in “ The Century Magazine.” a contribution from the
the index. Why the author assigns one chapter to
pen of W. J. Stillman entitled “ Billy and Hans: My
“occupative names” and another to “trades and
Squirrel Friends." It aroused widespread interest, and
crafts,” both treating of names having a similar
was later published in England as a booklet, revised
and somewhat enlarged. Now, at last, it is made avail-
character, is not clear. Chaucer, whose writings
able to American readers, in an edicion published by
date from the period when English surnames began Mr. Thomas B. Mosher. We doubt if a more appeal-
to be hereditary, is aptly quoted, wherever possible, ing and sympathetic record of animal life has ever been
by Professor Weekley. His present work, rich in written. It is indeed a classic in its kind.- Similar in
matter though it is, appears to be but a preliminary subject as in title is Mrs. Maud Thornhill Porter's
study to a far more comprehensive “Dictionary of
Billy: The True Story of a Canary Bird," which Mr.
English Surnames” which he has in preparation.
Mosher has also just reprinted. Though lacking the
grace of style and depth of insight shown in Mr. Still-
man's narrative, this is nevertheless a charming bit of
BRIEFER MENTION.
writing, which will be enjoyed by every lover of birds.
Completing Mr. Mosher's output for this season is
The leading characters in fifteen famous novels are “ Books and the Quiet Life," a thin volume of selections
briefly but vividly presented in Dr. H. G. Pillsbury's from Gissing's “ Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft."
“ Figures Famed in Fiction " (Rand, McNally & Co.), Literature to Gissing was an absorbing passion, and in
which is designed for those too busy to find time for these random thoughts about books and reading he falls
the complete romances thus, in a sense, epitomized, little below the charm of Lamb and Hazlitt and Leigh
and also for those who wish to renew, in a few short Hunt in their writings on the same subject. As always
readings, their acquaintance with these masterpieces. with Mr. Mosher's books, the external form given these
Not all the novels selected are of the first rank, natu three little volumes is fitting and delightful. Each is
rally enough, but all are deservedly popular, and the printed on handmade paper, and bound in decorated
compiler has shown skill in extracting the best and the
board covers.


350
[April 16
THE DIAL
Verrall, Litt.D.; “ The Literary Relations of England
NOTES.
and Germany in the 17th Century,” by Mr. Gilbert
“ A First Book of English Literature,” by Professor Waterhouse; “A Handbook of Précis-Writing,” by
Saintsbury, is announced by Messrs. Macmillan. Mr. E. D. Evans, M.A.; and “A Book of English
Challenge,” a collection of poems by Mr. Louis Prose,” in two volumes, edited by Mr. Percy Lubbock,
Untermeyer, is announced for publication this month by
M.A.
the Century Co.
An elaborate edition of Bracton's “ De Legibus et
A book of verse by Mr. Coningsby Dawson, entitled Consuetudinibus Angliæ,” which has been characterized
“ Florence on a Certain Night, and Other Poems,” will
as “the crown and flower of English mediæval juris-
be published this month by Messrs. Holt.
prudence,” is being undertaken by the Yale University
A comprehensive survey of “French Civilization in the
Press. The editor, Mr. George E. Woodbine, has
Nineteenth Century,” by Professor A. L. Guérard, will
based his work directly upon the original manuscripts.
appear this month with the imprint of the Century Co.
The edition will comprise six volumes, and is not likely
It is announced that the author of “Home,” the
to be completed before 1930.
anonymous novel published recently by the Century
Mr. Franklin Spencer Edmonds's forthcoming life of
Co., is Mr. George Agnew Chamberlain. 6 Home is
Ulysses S. Grant will complete the excellent series of
Mr. Chamberlain's first book.
“ American Crisis Biographies” which has been in
A biography of Douglas Jerrold has recently been
course of publication for several years past under the
completed by Mr. Walter Jerrold. In “Douglas Jerrold
capable editorship of Dr. Ellis Paxton Oberholtzer.
The fact that Mr. Edmonds has had access to a number
of Punch,'” published some time ago, Mr. Jerrold dealt
with one phase only of his grandfather's career.
of unpublished letters and family papers should ensure
some interesting reading on a timely subject. The book
“The Origin of Attic Comedy,” by Mr. F. M. Corn-
is promised for publication some time in the autumn.
ford, and a posthumous volume of “ Essays on Faith
and Immortality,” by Father Tyrrell, are soon to be
The Iowa Library Commission sends out a number
published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.
of useful leaflets and folders explaining some of its
beneficent activities. Noteworthy are the recent issues
A collection of elve lectures on Eugenics, recently
of this sort on " Books for the Blind," “ Rural Exten-
delivered by various authorities in the leading uni-
sion of Public Library Privileges,” “ Debate Traveling
versities of the country, will appear in book form this
month under the editorship of Professor C. B. Davenport. Science,” and “ Agriculture”
Library,” “Making a Library Beginning,” « Domestic
- the last two being
Mr. John Murray, the well-known London publisher,
book-lists merely, with a preliminary word of explana-
has recently arranged to issue an English edition of
tion. Another leaflet, “ Iowa Library Commission, its
« The Everyday Life of Abraham Lincoln.” Mean-
Purpose and Activities,” is of a general nature; and in
while, a third edition is being required for the Amer still another, the first of the series, the Iowa public
ican market.
library laws are printed in full, with other matter use-
Mr. Beckles Willson, author of "The Life and Let-
ful to those contemplating the starting of a new free
ters of James Wolfe" and “The Romance of Canada,"
library.
has been chosen to write the official biography of Lord
Edward Payson Morton, whose death occurred in
Strathcona. Mr. Willson has made a special study of
Chicago on the 2d of this month, was a scholar of
Canadian history, and few writers are better qualified
wide interests, and one of the foremost authorities upon
for the task upon which he is now at work.
the study of English versification. For several years
In “Memorials of Eminent Yale Men,” now in active
past he had been a valued member of The DIAL'S
preparation by the Yale University Press, Mr. Anson
reviewing staff. He was born in St. Louis in 1869, was
Phelps Stokes, Secretary of Yale University, has in-
graduated at Illinois College in 1890, and took the
cluded biographies of the seventy-eight Yale men who
degrees of A.B. and A.M. at Harvard in 1892 and
seem to have had the greatest influence in American
1893, and Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1910.
life. He has drawn upon much material in the way of He was Professor of English at Blackburn University,
old diaries and letters.
1894–5, Instructor and Assistant Professor at Indiana
A posthumous work by “Sister Nivedita" (Miss University, 1895-1908, and Professor at Wake Forest
Margaret Noble) is announced by Messrs. Holt in the College, 1910-11. In 1911 he settled in Chicago,
volume entitled “The Myths of the Hindus and Bud devoting himself to miscellaneous writing and editorial
dhists.” The same publishers will soon have ready work. During the laborious life of an English teacher
another book hitherto unannounced, Russia, the he found time to edit numerous books for students, his
Country of Extremes," by Madame Jarintzoff, a Rus latest publications of this kind being a series of little
sian woman who has lived for several years in England. volumes sketching the history, legends, and commercial
Dr. J. G. Frazer has completed a third edition of growth of the Great Lakes (Ainsworth: Chicago,
his “ Adonis, Attis, Osiris," which forms Part IV. of 1913-14). Mr. Morton's chief interest, however, lay
“ The Golden Bough.” This instalment will consist in the fields of metrics and bibliography. On these
of two volumes, instead of one as before. Dr. Frazer subjects he was a frequent contributor to philological
has also prepared a volume containing a “General and other journals. His articles on the Sonnet, in the
Index and Bibliography" for the entire “Golden “Publications of the Modern Language Association of
Bough." All three volumes will soon be issued by America'' and elsewhere, and on the Spenserian Stanza,
Messrs. Macmillan.
in “Modern Philology," and his treatise on “The
Several books of decided literary interest are an Technique of English Non-Dramatic Blank Verse"
nounced by the Cambridge University Press, of which (Donnelley: Chicago, 1911), were distinct contributions
Messrs. Putnam are the American agents. These in to metrical history. At the time of his death be had
clude: “Lectures on Dryden,” by the late A. W. made considerable progress with a much-needed set of
92
66


1914]
351
THE DIAL
“ Chronological Outlines of English Literature,” fuller
and more accurate than those now available. It is a
matter of regret that more of his time could not have
been given to the bibliographical investigation for which
he was so markedly qualified. The fact is humiliating,
that as yet in America work of this kind, so funda-
mentally important to scholarship, can be done only
incidentally, by men who are supporting themselves in
other ways.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 158 titles, includes books
received by TŅE DIAL since its last issue.]
Modernities. By Horace B. Samuel. 8vo, 244 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net.
The Romance of Names. By Ernest Weekley, M.A.
12mo, 250 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
The True Ophelia, and Other Studies of Shake-
speare's Women. By an Actress. 12mo, 249 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
Books and the Quiet Life: Being Some Pages from
"The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft" by
George Gissing. Chosen by W. R. B. 16mo, 64
pages. Thomas B. Mosher. 75 cts. net.
Figures Famed in Fiction. By H. G. Pillsbury.
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Union Square North NEW YORK CITY 33-37 East 17th St.
Schnellants of all Publishan
at Reine Prices
Hinds and Noble, 31-33-35 West 15th St., N. Y. City. Writo for Catalogue.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States and Merico; Foreign and Canadian
postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or
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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
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is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application.
Published by THE DIAL COMPANY, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
No. 669.
MAY 1, 1914.
Vol. LVI.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
DOGBERRY'S LATEST
369
.
.
.
.
CASUAL COMMENT
371
A fairy tale in Latin. – A book-loving blacksmith.
- A sesqui-centennial celebration. – The most-used
library in the world. – A poet's personality.- A
fresh impetas to inter-library loans. - Spelling and
sound.-A library school's quarter-century record. -
The authority of the standard writers. - The art of
leaving off. — Troublesome author-names. — Cooper
versus Scott. - Literature in Arkansas.—The novel-
writing habit. - A word of cheer to Hellenists.
. 375
COMMUNICATIONS
The Old and the New Poetry, Edith Wyatt.
Mr. Yeats on Poetry. Henry Barrett Hinckley.
A Rare Association Volume. John Thomas Lee.
Increasing the Sales of Books. George French.
Bird-Witted” or “ High-Brow"? I. R. P.
“Anti-Babel” Again. Lewin Hill.
DOGBERRY'S LATEST.
We have frequently been impelled to voice
our opinion of the tax upon knowledge which,
in the form of a duty upon English books,
affords a standing indication of our national
unwillingness to move into the ranks of the
civilized countries. The principle involved is
one that cannot be defended without blushing,
and its continued statutory assertion is nothing
less than a national disgrace. We had hoped
that the wicked practice would be altogether
abandoned by the administration of President
Wilson, but all that we got was a beggarly ten
per cent measure of relief, and the new tariff
still sheltered the principle of the old iniquity.
Our present discussion is, however, not con-
cerned with the principle itself, but with certain
recent administrative rulings that are utterly
repugnant to common sense, and that reveal
the figure of Dogberry still firmly in possession
of the seat of custom. The Dogberry type of
officialism can make a mockery of any law, and
never has it done so more conspicuously than
in the present case of its attitude toward the
publisher who arranges for the simultaneous
issue of a work in England and America upon
joint account.
The class of works involved in this case are
of great importance, although the demand for
them is so limited as to remove them as far as
possible from the class of best sellers. They
are books that could not possibly bear the cost
of duplicate manufacture, and which would
have no chance of getting published at all with-
out some arrangement whereby the cost of com-
position might be shared by the two countries.
The philosophical writings of Herbert Spencer
afford a typical example, for they could hardly
have seen the light had they not secured the
benefit of a joint arrangement between the En.
glish and American publishers. A present-day
example is the great “ Cambridge History of
English Literature an enterprise which was
made practicable only by the coöperation of the
American house which assumed a share of the
initial cost. The American publisher, then,
agrees to take a thousand sets of such a work,
or half the entire edition, as the case may be,
and to assume a proportional share of the
expenses of production. The law says plainly
A PUBLISHER'S EARLY MEMORIES. Percy F.
Bicknell
378
THE FUTURE OF INDIA. F. B. R. Hellems
379
THE EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD.
Allen
T. G.
382
.
.
A GREAT AMERICAN ARCHITECT. Sidney Fiske
Kimball
384
THE GRAIL IN A NEW LIGHT. Winifred Smith 385
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
387
Mrs. Piozzi in later life. - Lord Milner's later work
in South Africa. - The theatre of to-day. - In past
and present provinces of Turkey. - The effect of
stimulus in living substance. — The less serious side
of things. - A versatile Italian in Mogul India.
Nantucket musings. - Counsel for mental sufferers.
- Brief essays on books and life. - The problem of
sorrow.
BRIEFER MENTION
391
.
i
NOTES.
391
.
TOPICS IN MAY PERIODICALS
392
.
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
393


370
[May 1
THE DIAL
but you
that he shall be penalized to the extent of fifteen were the beneficiary of a secret rebate, although
per cent ad valorem for performing this public he does not in any way come into competition
spirited service for the American people. But with the wholesale purchaser in the home mar-
this is reckoning without Dogberry in the ket. He makes a perfectly legitimate transac-
Treasury Department, who “smells a rat," and tion, on terms which would doubtless be offered
sniffs suspiciously at the transaction. At last, to any other purchaser on as large a scale, but
out of his sapient cogitations comes forth the the Dogberry mind can see in the transaction
edict that the fifteen per cent shall be reckoned, only an example of special privilege, ignoring
not upon the invoiced value of the imported the patent fact that it enables an important
American edition, but upon the trade value in English work to be sold in America at a rea-
the London market, as based upon sales of a sonable price. Import your edition if you will,
dozen copies at a time to individual English
must pay
duties
upon a fictitious valu-
booksellers. In a word, these books shall notation, not upon the real value as determined by
be treated as other imported merchandise, but your contract — this is the absurd position of
shall be made the subject of an absurd discrimi- the authorities, which knocks the law itself into
nation likely, in effect, to make the American a cocked hat. Mr. George Haven Putnam, who
edition impossible, and force the small and always comes to the front as a valiant champion
scattered company of scholars who must have of decency and fair dealing in matters concern-
the work in question to get it at a greatly ing the book business, puts the matter in a nut-
enhanced price by individual importation, if shell in his recent letter to President Wilson :
indeed the work be published at all in the “ The importer of woolen or linen goods is able to
mother country.
base his duty upon the figures of his pur ase invoice
This preposterous ruling, so defiant of all because, and only because, similar quantities are sold in
common sense, and so regardless of all humane
the market of origin. The publishers claim a similar
amenity, has actually been made by the Treas privilege, namely, the right to base the dutiable value
ury, and is now in force at the custom houses. actually paid by them for the goods. I hope very much
upon which duty is paid in like manner upon the amount
The official pronouncement uses the following that it may be practicable for you to have this material
language: “The law requires merchandise to so digested that without an undue demand upon your
be appraised at the price at which it is freely time, the matters at issue can be presented for your
offered for sale to all purchasers in the usual
attention and for your judgment."
wholesale quantities. If merchandise is sold for He further says that “ if the policy indicated
export at prices less than it is sold for consump in this interpretation is to be maintained, the
tion or for use in the country of origin, it is the business of importing into this market books in
latter price which fixes the value for dutiable editions will be brought practically to a close.”
purposes.” The sale, by advance arrangement, Another principle involved in this discussion
of American, Canadian, and Australian editions, is that of the author's royalty. This is included
at a price determined by sharing the initial cost, in whatever price is paid for the American edi.
which arrangement is, in many cases, the only tion and, according to the new ruling, becomes
means of making any publication of the work also subject to the increased duty. But a de-
possible, is thus debarred by this muddle-headed cision dated as early as 1877 expressly says
decision. The normal fifteen per cent penalty that “the royalty to be paid on the sale of
is thus arbitrarily raised to perhaps fifty per imported books does not constitute a dutiable
cent, which is simply prohibitory in most of the item, and this royalty is, therefore, not to be
cases which come under the ruling.
included in the appraised value of such books."
It will be observed that in all this there is no This decision, it may be noted, was reaffirmed
question of the undervaluation with fraudulent only three years ago by Secretary MacVeagh,
intent whereby dealers in many kinds of mer but now the underling in charge of the matter
chandise seek to get the better of the tariff.overrules it by the arbitrary edict that “when
The English publisher doubtless has two rates said market value or wholesale price abroad
for the sale of his book. one a wholesale rate in includes the charge for royalty, such charge
dozen lots for the ordinary bookseller; the other will be included by this office in the appraised
a much lower rate for the foreign publisher value.” Thus the author, as well as the long-
who shares the original expense, and is willing suffering public, is to be mulcted, we suppose
to assume the risks and responsibilities that go in the sacred name of protection. It is doubt-
with the marketing of an entire edition. And less an impudent pretension for an English
yet this foreign publisher is to be treated as if he l author to expect a royalty from the sale of his


1914]
371
THE DIAL
book in America, and it is well to read him a algidum uvidumque est, nec senem convenit tam
lesson
upon
his greediness.
impropitia tempestate tecto evertere.” Stricter lit-
We are not very hopeful of any good results eralness of rendering seems, here and there, both
from Mr. Putnam's appeal to the President. possible and advisable, as in the sentence, “There
Bureaucracy usually gets its own way in such
are enough of them to keep you warm,” which ap-
matters, and we cannot ignore the fact that the
pears in Latin thus: “Ad te operiendum babes
eorum satis.” Still it remains none the less true
President is responsible for the perpetuation of
that for learning Latin, or for recovering one's lost
the fundamental iniquity of the tax upon knowledge of that language, a more agreeable
knowledge, the meanest of all taxes. He had
method could not easily be devised than that of Dr.
but to say a word last year, and the whole dis-Avellanus, who himself acquired the tongue collo-
grace would have been wiped out. The word quially in his childhood. This privately printed
was left unsaid, and he will now have the excuse version of a favorite fairy tale is procurable from
that more weighty affairs of state preclude his
Mr. Prentice at 37 Wall Street, New York.
consideration of so petty a matter.
A BOOK-LOVING BLACKSMITH furnishes material
for an exceptionally interesting article in a recent
number of the “Wisconsin Library Bulletin.” The
CASUAL COMMENT.
late Judge Anthony Donovan, of Madison, worked
at the forge for twenty-two years before he entered
A FAIRY TALE IN LATIN sounds like a contra the law school of the University of Wisconsin, at
diction in terms, 80 stately and formal, so severely
the age of forty. His election as municipal judge
logical and prosaically unimaginative, does the of Madison occurred when he had practiced law but
spirit of the Latin language seem to those who have a year, and he sat on the bench almost as long as
labored over their Cæsar and Cicero with grammar
he had stood at the anvil. A passionate lover of
and dictionary at school and college. Yet some
Yet some books from his youth, he early accumulated a fund
early memories of Phædrus may linger, to remind for their purchase by laying aside daily the small
one that the Romans could, at a pinch, write some-
amount he would have spent on cigars and beer if
thing beside commentaries and orations and his he had allowed himself even a moderate indulgence
tories and stately epics. But even the fables of in those superfluities. This “cigar account” and
Pbædrus suffer the restrictions of verse. A good “drink account” provided him in time with a fine
story informally told is a thing hardly conceivable library, any occasional extraordinary addition to
in classical Latin literature. If the old Romans had which he managed to keep within the limit of what
left us a few first-rate novels or even a single col it would have cost him to go on a spree.” “Intel-
lection of good short stories, how much easier and
lectual sprees
” he called these book-buying orgies,
pleasanter might have been the task of learning their and they commonly left him poorer in pocket by
language! To supply this lack, in some measure, fifteen or twenty dollars, but immeasurably richer
Dr. Arcadius Avellanus has long been engaged in
in mental and spiritual satisfaction. In an autobio-
putting forth translations and other productions of a graphical confession that reminds one, in substance
readable nature, thus demonstrating that Latin can though not in style, of Charles Lamb, he says:
be learned as French and German are learned, with “Were you ever afflicted with that incurable disease,
no preliminary memorizing of the grammar and
a mania for books? That disease which sends its
without too much thumbing of the dictionary.
victims to the bookstores and has their pockets
“Robinson Crusæus" came from his hand a few emptied? Do you know what it is to be drawn to
years ago, and now we are glad to welcome from a place where books are for sale with an attraction
the same ready pen Ruskin's “King of the Golden like that of steel to a magnet? Did you ever stand
River” in fluent and simple Latin. “Rex Aurei for hours turning over the pages of some coveted
Rivi” is prefaced in English by Mr. E. Parmalee volume and racking your brain for some art by
Prentice, eloquent advocate of “the Amherst idea” which with your limited funds you could make it
in liberal education. (See under this head THE your own? Did you ever feel your heart sink within
DIAL of June 16, 1911.) In his preface he gives you when, through your want of funds, you saw the
promise of further translations of a similar sort, in volume you had set your heart upon carried away
such supply as the public demand may seem to justify. by some one more fortunate than you? If you
In the present work it is curious to note the ingenuity I can sympathize with you, for I have had the same
with which linguistic difficulties have been met.
experience.” But Donovan was not merely a buyer
“Southwest Wind, Esquire," is rendered, “Herus of books; he read all that he bought and as fast as he
Africus,” and “coal-cellar” becomes cellarium lithbought them.
anthracinum.” Occasionally, however, the terseness A SESQUI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION of interest
to be expected of the Latin gives place to a rather to the educational and also to the literary world is
unnecessary circumlocution, as in the sentence, “It planned for October 11-15 of this year by Brown
is a cold day to turn an old man out in,” which is University, to commemorate its founding in 1764.
thus elaborated in translation: “Tempus nimis | On the programme of exercises, already issued by
did,


872
[May 1
THE DIAL
the Celebration Committee, we note the revival of these are philanthropists as well as millionaires; 80
the old comedy by Vanbrugh and Cibber, “The that there is hope for an ultimate strengthening of
Provoked Husband, or a Journey to London," said the original Astor-Lenox-Tilden foundation.
to be the first play performed in New England, and
to have been presented at Newport in 1761 by a
A POET'S PERSONALITY has for many persons a
company of players from Virginia, who also appeared deeper interest than is felt for his poetry. The
at Providence in 1762. The old theatre, in Meeting Personality of Tagore,” by Mr. Basanta Koomar
current “Yale Review” has an article on “The
Street near Benefit Street, where took place this
first dramatic performance witnessed by the good Roy, a Hindu by birth, and well qualified to present
people of Providence, will be reproduced, together
in lifelike portraiture the subject of his sketch.
with some historical incidents connected with the
Like many another boy destined to become famous,
beginnings of drama in the same city. Even more
the young Rabindranath cherished a vehement ha-
popularly appealing is the announcement that “on
tred of school. “We all expected that "Rabi' would
one evening there will be an illumination of the
make his mark in the world,” sadly remarked the
campus and a torchlight procession of undergrad-
eldest sister after the attempt to educate him had
uates and alumni in costume representing with his-
been given up in despair; “but our hopes have been
torical accuracy various periods in the University's nipped in the bud by the waywardness of the boy
history. A historical pageant will be given in
-and now he will be the only unsuccessful man in
Warren, R. I., the original seat of the University." the family.” The following passage is of curious
Undoubtedly attractive to a large number present significance: "Of all subjects English was of least
will be the diversions of the closing day, when there
interest to him. His Bengali teacher tried his best
will be special exercises at the athletic field of the
to make Tagore feel that the English language was
University, illustrating the development of athletic
very charming. With melodramatic intensity the
training from grammar school to college, including teacher would recite some of the most sonorous
folk-dances and pageantry by school children, and a
passages from the famous English poets, to make
football between Brown and another New Eng.
the child feel the beauty of English verse. But that
game
land college.” The orator selected for this memorable
excited nothing but the mirth of the boy. He would
occasion is the Hon. Charles Evans Hughes, who will
go into hysterics with laughter, and his teacher
deliver an historical address Wednesday morning of
would blush and give up reciting, and with it all
celebration week at the First Baptist Meeting House.
hope of turning his pupil into an English scholar.
And yet this boy, forty years later, as the author of
THE MOST-USED LIBRARY IN THE WORLD is that Gitanjali,' was to give the world a new style in
which ministers to the needs of the great cosmo English prose, rich in its singular simplicity, but
politan public of New York City. The extent and superb in its rhythmic effect.” Not always, evi-
variety of its activities, as presented to view in the dently, does the familiar Wordsworthian adage
librarian's annual record, are all but incredible. Its hold true.
book-circulation in all departments last year easily A FRESH IMPETUS TO INTER-LIBRARY LOANS is
outstripped that of any other library in the land, one of the results already following upon the recent
and in reference work -- the use of books within admission of books, over eight ounces in weight, to
the building — not even the British Museum or the parcel-post privileges; and the American Library
Bibliothèque Nationale can show an equal activity. | Association, which holds its annual conference this
Furthermore, the use of the main library is so rap month at Washington, has under consideration plans
idly increasing that each month now shows a gain by which the libraries of the entire country, work-
of not far from fifty per cent over the corresponding together and making the fullest use of the mail
ing month of last year. Mr. Anderson's endeavor service, may greatly enlarge their sphere of useful-
to make the institution under his superintendence a The Association's secretary, Mr. George B.
vast storehouse of universal information, promptly Utley, is warmly in favor of the proposed scheme.
available for all comers, seems to be meeting with Dr. Bostwick, of the St. Louis Public Library,
As an illustration of the library's special reports that, having announced his intention to
asefulness to scholars and writers and publishers, circulate books by mail as soon as the new postal
far and near, note should be made of its photo regulation should take effect, he received the first
graphic reproduction of rare works, upon request, request for a book (to be thus sent) on the morning
at a cost so slight that other libraries in many parts of the very day when the old order had given place
of the country have been glad to obtain in this man to the new. Direct sending of books to the library's
ner facsimiles of missing pages or illustrations or patrons, as well as loans effected through other libra-
other details to make good the defects in their own ries, will be greatly facilitated by the cheapened
collections. In its work for the blind the library mail service. From Virginia there comes word
circulated last year more than twenty-three thousand from the State Librarian that “the extension of the
books in raised type. That its income is not keep- parcel-post rates has already had a considerable
ing pace with the demands upon it, is of course a effect in increasing the use of the Virginia State
foregone conclusion. But no city has so many Library by the people in the interior of the State.”
wealthy citizens as New York, and not a few of The present zone system of graduated rates makes
ness.
success.


1914]
373
THE DIAL
rather expensive the sending of books from Maine to employees — it appears that about thirty-eight per
California, or from Florida to Oregon; but the chief cent of the places thus filled have been within New
call for the new service will involve much shorter dis York State itself. Other important aid rendered
tances, and for the longer ones we now have a lowered to the community by this school at Albany is to be
express rate. On the whole, there seems to be no rea noted in the recital of its achievements.
son why henceforth, within certain limits and under
THE AUTHORITY OF THE STANDARD WRITERS is
necessary safeguards, all the publicly-owned books in
cited in support of its typographical vagaries by the
the country should not be available for all the public.
current quarterly issue of the “Simplified Spelling
Bulletin. It asserts that “the Simplified Spelling
SPELLING AND SOUND, often at so great a vari.
Board has never been able to get ahed of the riters
ance in our language as to seem to justify, in some
of standard English literature. Whatever recom-
measure, the present movement for spelling-reform,
mendations the Board may make, it is found that
are especially likely to clash in English proper
the standard riters' hav used them before. Of
names, both personal and geographical. In his ex-
cellent book on “The Romance of Names," already
course, as the newspapers frequently intimate, the
members of the Board and the other advocates of
noticed more fully by us, Professor Ernest Weekley simplified spelling ar totally indifferent to English
devotes a chapter to those patronymics that most
literature, and hav never red any of the works of the
conspicuously fail to indicate their pronunciation
by their written form. Cholmondeley (Chumley), great authors. It is therefore all the more gratify.
Marjoribanks (Marchbanks), Mainwaring (Manner, happens to be supported by the authentic works of
ing to find that whatever the Board recommends
ing), Auchinleck (Affleck), Knollys (Knowles), and
the accepted riters of English literature.” Will
Sandys (Sands) are familiar examples. Wemyss
and Colquhoun, which the author fails to mention,
some simplified speller have the kindness to point
are also old offenders, in the eyes of phonetic be found the forms, ar, red (not the color), ahed,
out exactly where in these “standard riters ” are to
spellers. Sometimes the telescoping of syllables has
riters, and (from another article in the same issue)
been effected in the spelling as well as in the pro-
anomalus, tru, taut (not the adjective), scool, and
nunciation; for example, Milton (from Middle
ton), Putnam (Puttenham), Posnett (Postlethwaite), if it should be found difficult to comply with it the
folloed? Perhaps this request is unreasonable, and
Dabney (d’Aubigny), and Tedman (St. Edmund). simplified speller may still take comfort in the fact
Two names not unknown in this country, but not
that the Laramie " Boomerang” has recently adopted
mentioned by Professor Weekley, might appropri-
a number of the officially approved spellings, and
ately have found a place in the chapter referred to;
the Truro “Daily News" still continues to appear
they are Taliaferro, commonly pronounced Tolliver,
with so liberal a sprinkling of these spellings as
as indeed it is often spelled, and (strangest of all,
must make glad hearts at No. 1 Madison Avenue.
yet an actual surname borne by families in Virginia)
Enroughty, pronounced Darby!
THE ART OF LEAVING OFF, in writing, in story-
telling, in speech-making, in preaching, in calling, and
A LIBRARY SCHOOL'S QUARTER-CENTURY RECORD in much else, is an art that many never learn, perhaps
is briefly but impressively presented in the current chiefly because it is so simple— to stop when you
annual Report of the New York State Library get through. Scott more than atones for the long-
School. To be exact, the record covers twenty-seven winded preliminaries to his novels by the masterly
years, and it is displayed to the public by Director abruptness with which he closes them. A compli-
Wyer in the hope that it may, for at least a passing ment worth winning from one's readers is the in-
moment, arrest the public attention and bring to voluntary exclamation at the end of the book, — Is
the indifferent a quickened sense of the good work that all! Those who have read much aloud will
done by one of the State's not least important edu recall many a masterpiece of fiction that has elicited
cational institutions. More than two thousand posi from breathless hearers that unmistakable testimony
tions have been filled by its students, the present to the attention-compelling quality of the narrative.
head of the New York Public Library is a graduate, In her useful treatise on “The Art of Story-Telling”
and forty-four other members of that library's staff (noticed more formally on another page) Miss Julia
received their training at Albany, as did the libra Darrow Cowles pertinently remarks: “Story-tellers
rians of Rochester, Troy, and Utica. The two lead sometimes remind one of a man holding the handles
ing libraries at Albany have graduates of the school of an electric battery. The current is so strong that
as their chief administrative officers; library schools he cannot let go. The story-teller must know when
throughout the country have drawn upon the parent and how to let go.' Let us suppose that, in telling
institution for superintendents and instructors; and Hans Christian Andersen's story of “The Nightin-
the number of smaller public libraries where positions gale,' the story-teller — after the delightful dénoue-
are filled by Albany graduates is past counting. But ment of the supposedly dead Emperor's greeting to
with all the demand from outside the State for libra his attendants, where be to their astonishment
rians trained in the pioneer library school — a school said “Good morning!”'. were to add an explana-
that in its first years was, of course, the only source tion of the effect of the nightingale's song in restor-
of supply for libraries seeking systematically-trained ing the Emperor to health? It would be like offering
.


374
[May 1
THE DIAL
a glass of plain soda’ from which all the efferves sand volumes to that institution -a gift that “espe-
cence bad departed.”
cially strengthens the library in history, travel, gen-
eral literature and belles lettres. There are between
TROUBLESOME AUTHOR-NAMES, which, by reason
of being compound names, or variously spelled
two and three thousand volumes in French, making
names, or pseudonyms, or, in the case of women,
one of the largest French collections in the South.
married names not associated with the writers'
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, a set of Edinburgh Re-
earliest and perhaps most famous books, cause con-
view, Niles Register, and many other works which
fusion and several sorts of blunders, are more in
would be difficult to duplicate, make the library an
number than might be supposed. At the Newberry
invaluable source for reference. Though the library
Library, as explained in the librarian's latest Re-
contains no incunabula, strictly speaking, there is in
port, an “official name list” is being compiled,
it a number of early editions which are interesting
“definitely recording once for all our decisions as
because little, if at all, duplicated in the United
to the forms of authors' names, the manner of spell-
States. There are also specimens of early printing,
ing them, the data necessary to differentiate two or
illustrating and binding." As the Little Rock library
bad but about nine thousand volumes before receiv.
more bearers of the same name, cross-references
from forms not adopted but under which a reader
ing this gift, it now finds itself nearly doubled in
might first look, etc." Like library catalogues in gen-
size. No other library in the country, remarks the
eral, this catalogue of names will never be finished,
librarian with satisfaction, has been so favored in the
but must receive continual additions. At present it
past year with respect to book-gifts.
contains more than thirty-six thousand “officially THE NOVEL-WRITING HABIT, like other habits, in.
adopted forms of names.” The publication and gen creases with indulgence. Mr. William Heinemann,
eral adoption of some such carefully-compiled list the well-known London publisher, has a pertinent
would be desirable in the library world, where stand word to say on the subject in a conversation reported
ardization of working implements is not yet so com by the London literary correspondent of the Boston
plete as the casual observer might be led to infer. “Transcript." "I have no desire," declares Mr.
Heinemann, "to criticise contemporary fiction ad-
COOPER VERSUS Scott formed the subject of a versely; on the contrary, the standard of the best
recent conversation with Mr. Joseph Conrad, re fiction is as high as it ever was.
What I have in
ported by Mr. H. I. Brock in the New York “Even-
mind is the enormous surplus of rubbish that reaches
ing Post." Not everyone will agree with the gifted print. You may see this by the extent to which the
Pole (né Kortzeniowski, be it remembered) in pre-novel-writing habit has grown of recent years — S0
ferring the Leatherstocking to the Waverley novels. much so that the possession of a pen and an ink.
It was from the former that his “first deep draught pot seeins quite excuse enough for anyone to turn
of English fiction in the original” was taken, and he author." Upon the enterprising literary agent is
is still warm in his praises of the delectable quality laid a large part of the blame for this recent rank
of the beverage. “Not only," writes his interviewer, luxuriance of growth where already there was no
"did he find in Cooper a real genius for description insufficient vitality. The agent's eagerness to swell
and an art of writing not to be despised, but as an his commissions by“tying up authors and publishers
old sailor he discovered in the American's work an for several unread and even unwritten - books on
extraordinarily fine and true feeling for the sea. the strength of the often imaginary success of a first
Cooper, who had been to sea in his youth as a mid book," is at the bottom of much of the mischief,
shipman, confessedly wrote his story "The Pilot' to avers the same competent authority. There are
show his contempt for the literary seamanship ex reprehensible dealings in “futures in the book
hibited by Sir Walter in his story of “The Pirate.' market, as on the stock exchange.
It did not appear, however, that Sir Walter's mud.
dled nautical vocabulary troubled Conrad. What
A WORD OF CHEER TO HELLENISTS comes from
was missing for him was just that feeling for the sea
Hamilton College, which has recently issued its
which Cooper had, and which was part of the fibre
annual catalogue, wherein one finds indubitable
of the being of the men who had spent half their
evidence that not everywhere is the study of Greek
lives on the great waters. Sir Walter was a lands-
falling into irretrievable neglect. The number of
man.” The unfairness of judging the landsman
classical students at Hamilton increases yearly, and
when not in his proper element is, of course,
obvious.
the present freshman class has more members pur-
suing Greek than any former class in the history
LITERATURE IN ARKANSAS has its lovers, though of the college. The sophomores come within one of
not in such numbers as in Illinois and Indiana, New equalling this record, and even in the junior class,
York and Massachusetts. One good reason of the where the “grind” of the earlier college courses is
disparity is that there are a great many more inhab- commonly exchanged, with sighs of relief, for less
itants in each of these latter states than in Arkansas. exacting studies, largely elective, there is displayed
From the Fourth Annual Report of the Little Rock a gratifying fondness for Greek literature. One
Public Library we learn that the late Judge U. M. cannot believe that Greek is made so easy at Ham-
Rose, who is described as "a rare student and
ilton as to account for this enviable state of affairs,
scholar,” has left his collection of nearly eight thou but rather that it is made so attractive.
:


1914]
375
THE DIAL
COMMUNICATIONS.
17
THE OLD AND THE NEW POETRY.
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
May I say in your pages a few words about your
recent interpretation of that very true and beautiful
Wordsworthian text, “Poetry is the breath and finer
spirit of all knowledge” (the italics are mine)?
You very aptly quote a certain fine passage from
Milton, and a certain fine passage from Tennyson, to
exemplify this famous definition of poetry.
But then, if I read you rightly, because a poet of a
different day and civilization from either Milton's or
Tennyson's narrates his impression of life in a metrical
manner different from either of theirs, you argue, or
seem to argue, that since he has not written in Milton's
or Tennyson's way, and with Milton's or Tennyson's
knowledge, but in his own way and with his own knowl-
edge, what he has written cannot be poetry. You might
of course have drawn this inference justly from Words-
worth's definition of the art, if this definition could be
understood to mean, “ All poetry is the breath and finer
spirit of Milton's and of Tennyson's knowledge." But
I cannot help feeling that a rather more catholic inter-
pretation of the Wordsworthian definition might be
found to be more correct.
You mention “calling out the old guard " against
new expression in poetry. You call Wordsworth and
Milton and Tennyson. But will they come? It seems
to me that in quoting Wordsworth's words about “the
breath of all knowledge " you do not quite induce him
to emerge for us from the vasty deep of literary criticism,
in the character of a poet in a pet against other poetic
truth than his own.
As for Milton, you not ouly advise the writer of
poetry unlike Milton's to stop writing and turn to
manual labor, you not only exhort public opinion to
rouse itself against the existence of a periodical which
will print such poetry, but you seem to imply to the
reader that in voicing this advice and exhortation you
somehow express Milton's spirit in these matters. But
do you express it? The ordinary, historic impression
of Milton has been that of one rather strikingly elo-
quent against the very points of your insistence. The
ideas and principles of “The Areopagitica: A Speech
of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicensed
Printing to the Parliament of England” are not very
plainly evoked by the vision of a figure opposed to the
expression of individual conceptions or to more open
opportunities for their publication.
Are you quite justified in assuming tacitly that the
composer of
“The woods decay, the woods decay and fall,"
can be summoned in the guise of one whose life and work
have been those of an old guard, ready to bayonet all
theories and practices of poetic art other than his own?
In both theory and practice, perhaps no poets were
ever wider apart than Tennyson and Whitman. Does
the following letter, quoted from Mr. Horace Traubel's
“With Walt Whitman in Camden,” evince a determi-
nation on Tennyson's part to drive Whitman and his
views of poetry from what you call “the sacred pre-
cincts of the muse”?
“Farringford, Freshwater, Isle of Wight,
“Jany, 15th, 1887.
“Dear Old Man:
“I, the elder man, have received your article in the Critic
and send you in return my thanks and New Year's greeting
on the wings of this East wind, which I trust is blowing
softlier and warmlier on your good gray head than here,
where it is rocking the elms and ilexes of my Isle of Wight
garden.
“Yours Always
“Tennyson."
As you admire Tennyson's conception of poetry, I
know you will listen for a moment to the voice of the
singer be held in such honor and entreats so gently; and
I am sure you will be generous enough to let me place
beside this passage from Whitman's song about the soul
facing death two other brief expressions on the same
theme by writers of very different manner but who use
somewhat the same metrical method:
“ Facing west, from California's shores,
Inquiring, tireless, seeking what is yet unfound,
I, a child, very old, over waves, towards the house of
maternity, the land of migrations, look afar,
Look off the shores of my Western Sea - the circle almost
circled."
This is by W. E. Henley :
“ The smoke ascends
In a rosy-and-golden haze. The spires
Shine and are changed. In the valley
Shadows rise. The lark sings on. The sun,
Closing his benediction,
Sinks, and the darkening air
Thrills with a sense of the triumphing night -
Night with her train of stars
And her great gift of sleep.
“So be my passing!
My task accomplished and the long day done,
My wages taken, and in my heart
Some late lark singing,
Let me be gathered to the quiet West,
The sundown splendid and serene,
Death!”
My third quotation is one of the collection of verses by
Mr. Carl Sandburg recently published in “ Poetry":
“I shall foot it
Down the roadway in the dusk
Where shapes of hunger wander
And the fugitives of pain go by.
“I shall foot it
In the silence of the morning,
See the night slur into dawn,
Hear the slow great winds arise
Where tall trees flank the way
And shoulder towards the sky.
“The broken boulders by the road
Shall not commemorate my ruin.
Regret shall be the gravel under foot.
I shall watch for
Slim birds swift of wing
That go where wind and ranks of thunder
Drive the wild processionals of rain.
“The dust of the travelled road
Shall touch my hands and face.”
In my own view these songs may all be fittingly in-
cluded in one category, and may all suitably be called
poetry. Whether or not any or all of these expressions
are poetry for you, I think it would have been fairer to
compare Mr. Sandburg's work with that of other singers
of somewhat the same method than with the verse of
singers of an entirely different musical tradition. For
you surely must admit the existence of a great body of
metrical text and metrical translation, not composed
according to classic conceptions of prosody, nor with the
foot or line measure of the Greeks or the Latins, nor by
English rhyme schemes, and yet holding a place among
the most enriching and distinguished possessions of the
17


376
[May 1
THE DIAL
world of letters, and regarded by thousands of people treasures and particularly his “finds” (little things of a
in modern, mediæval, and ancient life, as poetry, the bookish nature interest him), and it is not always what
verse of Langland, of the Hymns of the Zend Avesta, Dr. Johnson called “good talk.” Nevertheless, the
of Whitman, George Meredith, Ossian, Rabindra Nath tribe smitten with the blight of bibliomania is numerous
Tagore, the Psalms, and Lamentations, to mention some enough to make even a trivial story worth the telling.
random instances.
The “find” I am about to describe would not, I am
“So for one the wet sail arching through the rainbow well aware, be considered a notable one in these degen-
'round the bow,
erate days of long purses. But it is at least as curious
And for one the creak of snow-shoes on the crust."
and interesting as many experiences I bave heard related
The call of poetry for the feet of the young men will
with much gusto,
and listened to, it must be con-
always, to my own belief, cry along very differing trails. fessed, with a tinge of envy.
Least of all would I wish to appear to do anything so Some years ago — in 1903 to be exact - I read with
pretentious as to deny to The Dial's own course the profit Mr. John Bach McMaster's book on Daniel
wisdom of “unto each his voice and vision; unto each Webster (New York, 1902), and was impressed by a
his spoor and sign.". I would only remind you a little reference (page 81) to the opinion of Chief Justice John
of this wisdom; and that it seems to be true that “poetry Marshall respecting the maiden speech of Webster in
is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge.” the House of Representatives. Mr. McMaster says:
Chicago, April 22, 1914.
EDITH WYATT. “But a better testimonial as to the effect of that maiden
speech is furnished by Chief Justice Marshall. Nearly twenty
years later, when the name of Webster was known over all
MR. YEATS ON POETRY.
the land, a copy of his 'Speeches and Forensic Arguments'
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
was sent to the great judge, who went straightway to Justice
I was interested in your very sane comment on the Story, and expressed his regret that two were not in the col-
speech of Mr. William Butler Yeats at the recent dinner
lection—that on the resolutions calling for proof of the repeal
given him by those associated with the magazine called
of the French decrees, and another on the previous question.
'I read these speeches,' said Marshall, 'with very great
“ Poetry.” This gallant little periodical has done good
pleasure and satisfaction at the time. When the first was
service in publishing original poetry, some of which is of
delivered I did not know Mr. Webster; but I was so much
real distinction. I particularly liked the April number. struck with it that I did not hesitate then to state that Mr.
And Mr Yeats has done work of real merit, both as an Webster was a very able man, and would become one of the
author and as a friend of authors. Nevertheless his very first statesmen in America, and perhaps the very first.'”
precepts are rather to be regarded as belonging to a
A few months afterwards, while the reference was
school, than as of universal validity.
still fresh in my mind, I was, one rainy afternoon (of
He insists upon the necessity of simplicity, regardless
course, such things always happen on rainy afternoons),
of the fact that a great deal of very noble poetry has
browsing among some neglected books in the attic of
been complex, involved, and allusive; and that in the
my wife's old Minnesota home. My search, if such it
effort to be simple a host of verse-writers, including could be called, had been fruitless. The books were
some men of exalted genius, have succeeded only in
quite without value to me, and I had given up hope of
being vacuous. He urges the poet to confine himself
finding a single “nugget,” to use a favorite term of the
to the expression of instinct, although surely instinct is
late Henry Stevens of Vermont, when lo, I picked up
always most interesting, and not infrequently most
a stained and battered octavo, whose title-label was
poetic, when associated with action or with ideas. He
indecipherable. Almost mechanically I opened the book
urges the poet to avoid the attempt to instruct, although
to learn its title, and encountered on the fly-leaf this
history clearly proves that even didactic verse may be
inscription: “Mr. Webster begs Chief Justice Marshall's
great poetry, as was especially the case with the “De
acceptance of this vol. Washington Jany 22nd 1831.”
Rerum Natura" of Lucretius. And he strangely enjoins
The title-page read:
the practise of humility, between which and poetry there
Speeches and Forensic Arguments. By Daniel
is absolutely no connection. It is good manners not to
Webster. | Boston : | Perkins & Marvin, and Gray &
brag; and it is certainly true wisdom not to let our
Bowen. | New York : Jonathan Leavitt. / M DCCC
thoughts run monotonously on any merits that we may
XXX.
believe ourselves to possess.
But such counsel is of
It soon dawned upon me that I had in my hand the
personal and social import, and has nothing to do with
identical volume mentioned by Mr. McMaster in the
poetry, a point which Mr. Yeats, speaking after a
foregoing quotation. How then did the book, once a
good dinner, has seemed totally to miss.
Mr. Yeats's remarks are of interest as a confession
part of the library of the great jurist, find its way into
that Minnesota attic? Inquiry soon pieced out the
of his own aims and aspirations. One may easily be a
book's story. The volume had been given by the Chief
true poet and practise all that Mr. Yeats enjoins. One
Justice himself to my wife's grandfather, Ezra Abbott,
may easily be a true poet and practise none of it. The
who for some years was a resident of Fauquier County,
important thing is to be a true poet. Where there is
Virginia. Mr. Abbott was a native of New Hampshire,
a real poetic gift, it is extremely difficult to lay down
rules as to its methods of procedure.
and after his graduation from Bowdoin College, in 1830,
he removed to Virginia to open a private school, in the
HENRY BARRETT HINCKLEY,
conduct of which he was very successful. In this ca-
Northampton, Mass., April 18, 1914.
pacity, several of the grandchildren of John Marshall
were entrusted to his care; and naturally enough he
A RARE ASSOCIATION VOLUME.
became acquainted with the Chief Justice, then an old
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
man, when the latter paid his annual visit to the “Oak
The bibliophile is likely to possess all the garrulity Hill” estate, and now and then was privileged to talk
usually ascribed to old age before he has passed or even with him. Knowing that his young friend greatly
reached the meridian. He delights in talk about his admired Webster, Marshall generously gave him the


1914]
377
THE DIAL
collection of speeches. Later, Mr. Abbott became one
of the pioneers of Minnesota, where he died in 1876, a
useful and much-loved citizen.
This copy of Webster's “ Speeches and Forensic
Arguments,” a rare association volume in more than a
single sense, now has a place of honor on my shelves.
JOHN THOMAS LEE.
Madison, Wis., April 20, 1914.
“BIRD-WITTED” OR “HIGH-BROW”?
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The communication of R. S. printed under the head-
ing, “High-Brow,” in your issue of April 1 has doubtless
met with the general commendation of those persons
who were so fortunate as to read a much needed protest
so well put. In the strong dramatic poem, “Barabbas,"
by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, published since his death in
“ Book News,” there is a striking line,-
“Bird-witted ever, these light minded Greeks!”
The younger race of Americans, if one may judge from
the samples met with in clubs, private homes, social
gatherings, wherever men come together, seems to be
producing an undue proportion of the “bird-witted.”
One wonders how much of this degeneration is due to
the influence of French literature and to the aping of
the Parisian attitude of mind. A prominent American
physician, himself of French stock, a part of whose
summer vacations is spent in Paris, not long ago said
that the degeneration of the Parisian was beyond hope
of redemption,— nothing could ever be expected of him
again. One is puzzled at times to know whether the
“bird-witted” Americans are merely “putting up a
front” or whether their mental fashion is the one nat-
ural to them and worn because it is within their limita-
tions. America, however, is so earnest a country that
tbere is good reason to hope as between the “bird-
witted” and the “high-brows" the latter will win out.
I. R. P.
Ardmore, Pa., April 18, 1914.
INCREASING THE SALES OF BOOKS.
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
Your “Casual Comment” paragraph on “How to
get books to the bookless,” in The Dial of April 1,
suggests that the publishers must originate other and
new methods to accomplish that result, and also raises
the question as to whether it is worth while to do so.
Why, we may well aşk, should anyone worry about
getting books to the bookless who evidently do not wish
to become book owners? There are abundant facilities
for getting books to those who wish for them. But if
books must be forced upon the bookless it is evident
that the publishers must adopt other methods of selling
than merely to announce their wares and wait for the
demand to make best sellers. And that is just what
they must do. I believe the bookless may be reduced
to a figure comparable to England's record, or even
less, but not in consequence of present sales methods.
There is no other commodity which is allowed merely
to answer the original or normal demand. There are
many commodities that are now staples, and that sell
enormously, which were unknown and unwanted until
the enterprising vendors created the demand. The
publishers must create a new and increased demand for
books. It can be done, but not through studying con-
ditions among book buyers. Buyers can be created:
Books can be sold to people who are not readers and
will not become readers. The matter of books as house-
hold decorations has never been properly exploited;
and it has great possibilities. A fair-sized household
library is a cheap decoration, even when a good sum is
paid for the bookcases. Then the idea of a small library
for each home can be promoted.
There are many
families that would buy some books, if the proposition
were to be put concretely to them - not to buy books,
but to buy these books that are arranged, selected,
priced, and described, and that will be delivered with a
suitable case upon terms easy to meet.
A great many sets of books are annually sold in this
manner, by concerns organized to sell books rather than
to publish them. Some of these sets are good, and some
are not. Most of them are sold to people who have no
idea of reading them. They buy them because the party
of the other part wished to sell them. Why do not the
“ regular” publishers learn selling wisdom of these
concerns, who sell millions of books of mediocre value
and doubtful interest ? There are many ways to sell
books other than to people who wish the books to read.
Not one person in a hundred who buys books buys
them all to read, or expects to read all they buy. Pub-
lishers may regard their books as merchandise, rather
than strictly as literature, and promote their sale as
other merchandise is sold.
There is, it seems to me, a great field for book selling
that has not been exploited, and many methods that
have not been adequately tested. There is more than one
person in seven thousand who will buy books — if books
are properly offered to them.
GEORGE FRENCH.
New York City, April 21, 1914.
"ANTI-BABEL" AGAIN.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
One of your recent issues contains a communication
entitled “Anti-Babel," from Mr. E. M. Bacon, who asks
what will become of Norway should she adhere to a
language that the rest of the world is too busy to learn.
Travelling English folks, living as they do within a
few hours' sail of Norway, frequently visit that charm-
ing country, and are quite content to put up with its
language. Indeed, Norwegians are seafaring folks,
and pick up enough English to answer our questions
when in Norway. In the same way we pick up a good
many Norwegian words and phrases.
I am not afraid to prophesy that the Norwegians
will remain the happy people they have always been.
They might become more wealthy, but wealth is not
the main factor in happiness. In England, though so
small a country, dialects still prevail. A Southerner
often fails to understand a Yorkshire peasant, or a
Lancashire lad to understand a girl from Somersetshire;
à Sussex man cannot always understand a man of Kent,
or a Devonian a Dorset man. You speak of the United
States and ourselves as using the same language; but
we constantly meet with phrases, not only in your
press, but in books written by well-educated men and
women, which are not understood by us. Even THE
Dial, which is unusually free from what we term
Americanisms, now and again uses some word which is
unknown to an Englishman who has not been in the
United States.
It inust be borne in mind that the great majority of
all races travel little beyond their own homes, and read
little but the Bible, cheap magazines, and local news-
papers. They pass happy lives, which is far more
important than arnassing wealth.
LEWIN Hill, C. B.
Kent, Bromley, England, April 10, 1914.


378
[May 1
THE DIAL
The Mew Books.
still linger with the septuagenarian autobiog-
rapher. He says:
“ The feeling of homelike reminiscence that comes
A PUBLISHER'S EARLY MEMORIES.* to me in arriving from year to year at Euston or at
Waterloo, I am disposed to connect with the first whiffs
The same pen that has chronicled so accept of that wonderful compound of soot, fog, and roast
ably the chief events in the life of George Palmer mutton that go to the making of the atmosphere of
Putnam, founder of the publishing house long London, and to the association of these familiar odours
and widely known by his name, now traces in
with the earliest breathings of my infancy in the paternal
cottage in St. John's Wood.”
more intimately personal detail, and with con-
sequent gain to the vividness and charm of the. Of chief interest in the book, and constitut-
narrative, the early and rather unusually varied ing the greater part of its contents, are the pages
experiences in the life of the writer himself.
describing the writer's boyhood home in and
“ Memories of My Youth,” by Mr. George and elsewhere in Europe, and his volunteer ser-
about New York, his student life at Göttingen
Haven Putnam, is little likely to incur the cen.
sure pronounced upon the great mass of modern
vice in the great war that cut short his academic
literature by Walter Bagehot when he com-
course in foreign lands. In his memories of the
plained that so few who can write ever have family life at North Yonkers the author writes :
anything worth writing about. Mr. Putnam
“Mention has been made in the Memoir of my father
of his own active work in organizing a village library
has the gift of pleasing narration and suggestive and in carrying on in connection with this institution a
comment, and also a store of varied recollections series of lecture courses. The lecturers brought to
well worth the narrating. Nor does it lessen Yonkers, largely at his own personal solicitation, were
the readability of the narrative, but rather adds
most frequently guests at our house. As a result, we
to it what might be called a pathetic interest,
children came to have a personal impression of repre-
sentative citizens like Beeober, Bethune, Storrs, Wen-
to learn that the book's preparation has been dell Phillips, Curtis, Hale, and many others. Curtis
attended with unusual difficulties arising from came to the house also from time to time in connection
defective eyesight and the disability of the writ-
with the business of Putnam's Magazine. He was at
ing arm one a lifelong affliction, the other a
that time quite a youngster, but I remember even then
memento of service in the Civil War.
being impressed by the maturity and finish of his talk
and by a certain grace of dignity and manner which
Eldest of seven sons in a family of eleven made me think of Sir Roger de Coverley. (The wise
children, young Haven Putnam, as he appears mother was at that time giving to us older children
to have been called, is shown to us as a
some reading in Addison.) Another of the younger
sturdy, self-reliant, resourceful lad, dependent the publishing office was Frederick Beecher Perkins,
men who came to the house with matters belonging to
on his own industry and enterprise for most of
a nephew of Henry Ward Beecher. My father and
his spending money, and so successful in this others who knew him spoke with large hopefulness as
particular that when at the
age
of seventeen he to the promise of his career. It was an expectation
set forth for Europe, primarily to seek expert
which was, however, never fully carried out. Perkins
advice on the care of his eyes, and secondarily
remained until his death, forty years later, a clever
man who was on the point of doing noteworthy things
to pursue such studies as their condition per but who never quite arrived."
mitted, he had accumulated no less a fund than
From those early years, too, we must take
three hundred dollars toward defraying his ex the description of Lincoln as he impressed him-
penses. Though this was his first visit to con-
tinental Europe, it was his fourth crossing of Institute gathering presided over by Bryant
self on the youthful listener at that Cooper
the Atlantic ; for he was born in London, three
and made forever memorable by the first public
years after his father had established there a
branch of the Wiley and Putnam publishing
appearance in New York of him who was so
soon to be called upon to play a supremely im-
house, and four years before the dissolution of
the partnership called the junior member back Putnam, as a member of the committee having
portant part in the nation's history. The elder
to America with his family. Again in 1851 the
the meeting in charge, was able to smuggle in
father had occasion to visit England, and he took
his son and to give him a seat in a corner of
his seven-year-old son with him, partly in the
the platform, whence a good view of the speaker
hope that the voyage would benefit the boy's
was obtained.
eyes. Memories of the early home in London
“ The first impression of the man from the West did
* MEMORIES OF MY YOUTH, 1844-1865. By George Haven nothing to contradict the expectation of something
Putnam, Litt.D., late Brevet Major, 176th Regt., N. Y.S. weird, rough, and uncultivated. The long, ungainly
Vols. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. figure upon which hung clothes that, while newly made


1914)
379
THE DIAL
a
for this trip, were evidently the work of an unskilful regard to our war printed in the Times between 1861
tailor; the large feet and the clumsy hands of which, nd 1865."
at the outset, at least, the speaker seemed to be unduly
Of the author's student days in Paris, Berlin,
conscious; the long gaunt head, capped by a shock of
hair that seemed not to have been thoroughly brushed
and Göttingen, he writes most entertainingly
out, made a picture which did not fit in with New and with a remarkable memory of detail. At
York's conception of a finished statesman. The first the Hanoverian university he became acquainted
utterance of the voice was not pleasant to the ear,
the
with James Morgan Hart-in fact, introduced
tone being barsh and the key too high. As the speech
him to the town and roomed with him at the
progressed, however, the speaker seemed to come into
Neither of the two
control of himself, the voice gained a natural and im. pension of Frau von H.
pressive modulation, the gestures were dignified and could then have dreamed how many American
natural, and the hearers found themselves under the students would be turned toward Göttingen by
influence of the earnest look from tbe deeply set eyes
Hart's future delightful book (“German Uni-
and of the absolute integrity of purpose and of devotion
to principle which impressed the thought and the words
versities") relating chiefly his own experience
of the speaker. In place of a “wild and woolly' talk, of student life at that famous seat of learning.
illumined by more or less incongruous anecdotes, in Concerning Mr. Putnam's premature return
place of a high-strung exhortation of general principles home to enlist in the regiment of which he
or of a fierce protest against Southern arrogance,
the
ultimately became Brevet Major, and all the
New Yorkers had presented to them a calm but forci-
ble series of well-reasoned considerations upon which stirring events he has to relate in his memories
was to be based their action as citizens."
of those critical times, there is room here to give
When a little later this
young
but a hint. His harsh experience as prisoner
listener found
himself in Europe he was amazed and often also
in Libby Prison and at Danville has been nar-
amused at the false and absurd notions current
rated by him more fully in a previous volume,
among the otherwise well-informed as to the “ A Prisoner of War in Virginia.” That the
questions at issue in our great national contro-
young New Yorker, only eighteen when he en-
versy, and even as to the geographical location
listed in the summer of 1862, rendered valiant
of the contestants themselves. One university service to the cause of the Union, becomes ap-
parent even in his own modest
professor went so far wrong as to place the scene
As
narrative.
of the war on the Isthmus of Panama, making that war this part of the book is excellent and
a detailed account of individual experience in
the North Americans and the South Americans that war this part of the book is excellent and
the contending parties; and he begged young
of more than passing interest. With the close
Herr Putnam to explain to him how a war of
of the war and the writer's completion of his
such apparent magnitude could be carried on
twenty-first year the autobiography comes to a
within so contracted an area. To the youthful pause, but not to a full stop, since we are
patriot placed amid so much of misapprehension promised a continuation (leisure and strength
and of prejudice in favor of the Southern Con permitting) under the title, “Memories of a
Publisher.
federacy, the situation was trying in the extreme;
and a class-room fight, precipitated by an En-
Portraits of the author in his adolescence are
glish student's sneer at the North, left the Amer-
inserted in the volume, and an index brings it
ican participant, who now chronicles the battle,
to a close.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
stretched helpless on the floor. Speaking in
another chapter of public sentiment in England
at this time, he says:
THE FUTURE OF INDIA.*
Among the noteworthy friends of the North, men And what of to-morrow?
who understood that the contest was not simply for the
domination of the continent, but for the maintenance of
In travelling about India, one finds this
a republican form of government and for the crushing question ever on the lips; but alike from En-
out of the anachronism of slavery, were John Bright, glish friends and from Mohammedan or Hindu
Richard Cobden, the Duke of Argyle, W. E. Forster, acquaintances one receives only the most frag-
and Richard Hargreaves. In Oxford may be recalled
Jowett and Reade, both of them young men, and in
mentary and inconclusive answers. Nor does
Cambridge, Leslie Stephen, who, youngster that he was
the thoughtful student at home, appealing to
in 1861-5, was able, by the use of authoritative knowl scores of seemingly authoritative volumes, fare
edge and of earnestness of conviction and of readiness a whit better. The veil that hides the future
to make a fight from the minority, to maintain some of all nations from the thinker's searching gaze
backing in the University for the cause of the North.
I own a copy of a pamphlet, now very scarce, printed
seems to grow jealously thicker and more im-
by Stephen in September, 1865, in which he shows up *THE PASSING OF EMPIRE. By H. Fielding-Hall.
a long series of false statements and bogus news in Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


380
[May 1
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penetrable when India is the land into whose of contention from which we never wholly
destiny one fain would peer.
emerge.
Yet what a compelling and enchaining prob In dealing with the discontent manifested
lem it is! It is needless to recall the thronging in various parts of India, most writers declare
millions of diverse habitants, to dwell upon the that it is more or less local and temporary and
vast geographical complex, to recite the historic instigated primarily by dissatisfied Brahmans ;
vicissitudes of native and foreign rule, or to but this view is regarded by our author as a
insist
upon the unescapable charm of this in- fatal mistake. He believes that the unrest is
credible land. It has all been done a thousand caused by the slowly growing consciousness of
times; and each time seems to deepen our help- an energy that desires an advance in every direc-
less discontent as we stand with strained eyes tion and has no outlet.
tion and has no outlet. “ Throughout India all
and keen longing before the relentless veil. progress of all sorts is barred ; can you wonder
And ever there is the temptation to listen to there is unrest from this one cause alone? And
the philosophic dreamer or the vaticinating this feeling goes down to the very lowest ranks
nationalist, when he summons our puzzled eyes as an unnameable, unanalysable fever and un-
to visions beyond the sunset. But inevitably happiness ; you see it everywhere.” And in
we return with our question to some quiet Hindu pondering this opinion one must remember that
or Mohammedan thinker, or to some English the writer is not some globe-trotting American
worker who has toiled for years beneath Indian or some radical English member of Parliament,
suns and can tell us of such lowly things as the spending a few weeks in Bombay or Delhi or
crooked stick that serves for a plow, the hapless Calcutta, but a veteran official who has served
villager in the bewildering law court, and all in Burma for many years. Moreover, he believes
the countless minutiæ of life and administra that all this unrest is not a bad symptom, but a
tion. The realities of to-day must be the key good one, “a sign of an increasing life.” It is
of to-morrow.
at once " the greatest compliment our rule could
And in this connection, I think, will be found have, and the happiest omen that could be. India
the chief significance of Mr. Fielding-Hall's was our patient; now she is recovering, shall we
latest book. He can see, albeit ever so dimly, make of her a subject, or a daughter? She must
the distant day when India shall be a daughter be one or other, or leave us altogether, for the
nation; but he speaks of present conditions with past is passed.”
the detailed knowledge of experience, and pro Then the author proceeds to set forth how the
poses definite changes looking to a larger and factors of success in British rule disappeared,
better future which he believes must dawn. and to explain how unsuitable the present
“ India sees life through different windows than we system of government has become. In the first
do; but her eyes are as our eyes, and she has the same
desires as we have. She has been nearly dead or sleep service has greatly deteriorated in the last fifty
place he is sure the personnel of the whole
ing for long, but at last sbe moves. She is awake or
waking. Should it not be our task, our pleasure and years.
The of former times went out
our pride, to help her early steps along the path of younger and with less education. They were
conscious strength that leads to a national life such as without prejudices. They were enthusiastic and
that we have been proud of? And to do so must we
friendly, and they had individualities. They
not try to understand her?
“ Have we ever tried ?
knew the people's talk, made Indian friends,
“I do not think we have; but the time is coming and looked upon the natives as fellow-humans.
when, unless we can go hand in hand with her along But now, alas, the victims of education come
her path to nationbood, she will desert us. Her des
out “with their minds already closed, and, as
tiny is calling her; shall we keep her back ?
“We cannot keep her back. No one can be more
a rule, closed they remain.” They disregard all
wise than Destiny.' And if we stand in her way, who
the facts about the natives; and having no real
will suffer like we shall ? For her sake and for ours understanding of the people, they have do
should we not try to understand ? "
sympathy with them. In short, they are an
After such an introduction we are prepared impossible lot.
for something radically different both from the And this shade of Stygian pessimism falls
ordinary “interesting” superficial volume on over every chapter that deals with the present.
India and from the traditional apology for Everything is wrong. Nothing, apparently,
British rule. And it is well that we are thus could be worse; yet everything threatens to grow
prepared; for Mr. Fielding-Hall is in deadly worse, unless prompt and energetic remedies are
earnest, and with the very first chapter, headed applied at once.
“ Indian Unrest,” we are plunged into a stream
But the destructive criticism of the volume
men


1914]
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is its least satisfactory feature; and I hasten the native idea that the trial is simply a fight
to the constructive proposals, reserving any would largely disappear.
comment on the former until we have considered And then some day might come the possibility
the latter. Incidentally, in weighing the sug of self-government. But this must begin with
gested improvements, we shall gain a fair idea the village. The village organism must be re-
of the strictures we have omitted.
stored to the state in which the British found it,
Passing, then, to this more pleasing phase of and from that point be helped and encouraged
the book, we find our author insisting first that
to grow to greater things. Using Burma as an
the necessary personality must be restored” example, the author urges that every village
to the task of governing India. Now the import- should have a Council, with a Headman chosen
ance of personality is the only point on which by the Council from its own members and con-
all critics of things Indian agree: the question firmed by the Government. This important
is how to attract the right sort of men.
And official should be responsible to the village
here Mr. Fielding-Hall says emphatically there Council; and the British would retain ultimate
will be no improvement until English education control by authorizing the District Officer to
is entirely remodelled. At present, he declares, suspend the Council when it failed too seriously
women and clergymen control English educa- in its duties. To the village communities thus
tion, and the supreme ideal is “authority.”
authority.” constituted should be handed over all the rights
This system must be replaced by a virile plan of and responsibilities that could possibly be de-
development that shall evoke independent minds volved upon them. They should be encouraged
and sympathetic hearts. Then the prospective to do everything; and they should form the
Indian civil servant should be caught young, not
basis for all development.
later than nineteen or twenty, and should only Gradually, larger divisions should be organ-
be appointed if he possesses the following quali ized as unified groups, and from the new
fications : "A good physique and a liking for “ Districts” representatives might be sent to a
sport. Good manners and a knowledge of eti- Provincial Council. We should thus have real
quette. Discipline in act. Freedom and courage though indirect representation of the people.
in thought. Knowledge of life and humanity At present the General Council and the Pro-
as they are round him."
vincial Councils are merely “suspended in the
Our youthful civilian's real education will air.” “They rest on nothing; they mean noth-
begin when he lands in India. Once arrived, ing; they have as much solidity and reality as
he should learn the language (presumably the kites would have. Was there ever in history
language of the district wherein he is likely to a reductio ad absurdum like these Councils of
work). Then he must get an understanding of Despair?”
the principles that underlie the Codes and Acts. In the education of the natives, reading,
He must acquire a genuine insight into the cus writing, and arithmetic are not fundamental.
toms of the people and the meaning thereof. The essential things are qualities of character.
He should know something of the economic To develop these, education must be entirely
side of native life. In particular he should de- separated from religion, and must be native to
termine to encourage amusements, including all the province concerned. Here again we must
sorts of manly sports for the boys and dancing begin with the village and work outward.
for the girls.
With regard to the policy of admitting more
When the personnel has been reorganized Indians to the civil service, our author declares
on this basis, it will be feasible to revive the flat-footedly that they ought not to be encour-
legal system, beginning with the penal law, aged, and that they themselves are happier out-
criminal courts and procedure. In criminal side of it. • Government must do its work in
procedure the most pressing need is to have an its own way, and that is the English way. No
accused person, when arrested, taken directly to Indian can tell what this is." He denies also
the magistrate without being questioned by the that the placing of natives in office would
police. The magistrate should investigate each placate the people.
case; and on trial no one but the magistrate In the foregoing paragraphs I have essayed
should be allowed to speak directly to any party an absolutely impartial summary of the essential
to the case. (** There is no such curse now to phases of a book that is to me most irritating.
justice as cross-examination by a clever pleader The author is an able man, a clever writer, a
or barrister.") If this system were adopted, trained administrator. He has spent in India
there would not be inuch false evidence, because more years than many writers spend months.


382
[May 1
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He proposes certain improvements that I con contentions. As to his conclusion that Indians
sider vital and fundamental. Thus, be is cer should not be admitted to the Civil Service, I
tainly right when he insists on the importance must raise the query whether their admission
of the village as the unit of reform. The average would not gradually prepare a supply of fairly
traveller knows nothing of the village and cares trained men for the desired day when British
less; but the resident administrator, or absent rule may be relaxed. Certainly, representative
student, realizes that here is to be found the Hindus and Mohammedans are insisting that
real India. In fact, I think Mr. Fielding-Hall's their countrymen ought to be admitted in greater
treatment of this question is more significant numbers and ought to be entrusted with more
than half a dozen ordinary volumes on India. responsible posts. Again, when he maintains
Furthermore, he is undeniably sound in dwel. that Indian education should be made non-
ling upon the importance of personality, and in religious, Mr. Fielding-Hall assuredly contra-
pointing out the possibility of reforms in legal dicts the general opinion of both Oriental and
procedure. He inevitably evokes the sympathy Occidental writers; although my own belief is
of a believer in free government and democracy, that in the long run his contention will be
when he looks forward to comparative independ- justified.
ence for this richest domain of Great Britain. Herewith I have left myself little space for
But after conceding all this, I must respectfully specific corrections ; but one is naturally dis-
and modestly plead that he is frequently un turbed to find the population given sometimes
trustworthy. He constantly proves too much; as three hundred millions and sometimes as three
and I think a fair idea of his attitude may be hundred and fifty. If I remember rightly, the
gathered from the following explosion against last available census gives three hundred and
“things at home" :
fifteen millions. Again, it is not reassuring to
«Can we, with whom representation except of the find the following generalization taken as a basis
wire-pullers of the party has ceased to exist, in whose
for law reform : “ Everyone instinctively hates
schools of all kinds and in whose universities there is
no education, whose legal system is bad beyond all ex-
and fears crime; everyone is honest by nature;
pression, who have under free forms less real freedom
it is inherent in the soul.” Nor does a reader
than most other countries, can we give to India what receive the impression of careful statement from
we have not ?"
the declaration that the Government has delib-
Now it will be very difficult to convince any erately (italics mine) made sixty thousand or
intelligent American that such a sentence rep more criminals in Burma.
resents a lucid or dispassionate estimate of the But if the book is marred by such major and
present situation in Great Britain; and I need minor defects as these, why spend so much time
only say that this same sweeping ferocity of about it? Just because it is exactly what I have
condemnation vitiates page after page of a described, - an improbable mingling of valuable
rather remarkable book. There is enough to suggestions and stimulating mistakes. And I
condemn and bewail in Indian administration, have no hesitation in saying that it will be pro-
as any student knows, and lurid coloring may fitable reading for any American desiring to
help to attract the general attention necessary understand Indian problems. Only it must not
to ensure reforms; but surely a man of Mr. | be accepted as holy writ.
Fielding-Hall's experience and attainments
F. B. R. HELLEMS.
might have favored us with a judicial exposi-
tion instead of a diatribe. Not all the British
in India a hundred years ago were brilliant
THE EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD.*
administrators, nor is every civilian to-day an
impenetrable blockhead. There is some good
The latest of Dr. Wallis Budge's works is a
in the enlarged Council of India and Provincial
new and unified edition in more convenient
Councils. Occasionally a law case is settled
octavo form of two previous publications, the
justly. Now and again the Headman of a village facsimile of the papyrus of Ani having appeared
does faithfully represent his villagers. Once in
twice already (1890 and 1894) in folio, while
a while a District Officer is even all that our au-
the explanatory and descriptive matter was first
thor demands. In fact, I am prepared to say
issued in quarto in 1895. In the present sumptu-
that the Indian Civil Service is attracting many * THE BOOK OF THE DEAD. The Papyrus of Ani. A
men of the
very finest type. All of this, and
Reproduction in Facsimile, edited, with Hieroglyphic
much more, our critic might have conceded, Budge. In three volumes, illustrated in color, etc. New
Transcript. Translation, and Introduction, by E. A. Wallis
and thereby strengthened the real points of his York : G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1914]
383
THE DIAL
ous edition, the facsimile plates forming the Kingdom Coffin Texts, gradual but constant
third volume, although possibly over-vivid in additions to this type of literature furnished the
color, are especially well done. Before discus- greater part.
sing Dr. Budge's treatment of his subject in The magical element which had all along been
volumes one and two, it is perhaps worth while present now began to receive more and more
to state briefly the developments in Egyptian emphasis. Grotesque newly-imagined dangers
mortuary beliefs which led to the manufacture of the Other World, illustrated by vivid vignettes
and use of such documents as the Papyrus of in addition to verbal descriptions, were to be
Ani.
escaped through newly-invented charms. Ma-
The oldest known remains of Egyptian re terials such as these, with a few survivals from
ligious literature are the Pyramid Texts in the the earlier groups, to which some commentary
pyramids of the last five important rulers of was often appended, constituted under the
the Old Kingdom. These inscriptions will have Empire (roughly 1500 B. C. ff.) what is to-day
been cut on the walls during the period from commonly called the Book of the Dead." But
2650 to 2500 B. C., though internal evidence this title is misleading. The distinct elements,
indicates that some portions originated as early which in the Pyramid Texts we call“ utterances
as 3500 B. C. Their content is a jumbled mass and in the later material 66 chapters,” clearly
of funerary ritual, hymns, myths, magical arose in different ages and in different localities.
charms, and prayers, the whole clearly directed From the earliest times they are grouped in vary-
to the great end of protecting and prospering ing numbers, in varying order, and with varying
the king in a future life.
phraseology. With the increasing dependence
Two main strands of Egyptian belief are now on magic, the Empire Egyptian found the texts
to be separated. To the humble folk, in their which he deemed necessary for use in gaining a
agricultural pursuits, the fructifying Nile gave happy Hereafter too numerous to be written on
each year a vision of life arising out of death, his coffin as had been done for his Middle King-
- the same lesson upon which we ourselves dom ancestors. Hence sections of the mortuary
dwell at the Easter season. This principle of literature, varying with individual preference,
fertility, exemplified in the Nile, its waters, and were assembled on a long roll of papyrus, which
the springing grain, they called Osiris. The was then placed inside the coffin. Such a roll
long myth which arose about Osiris pictured is our Papyrus of Ani. Not until long centuries
him as reigning ultimately in a kingdom of the afterward, during the Restoration, the last flicker
dead. His conquest of death made possible for of Egypt's glory before its conquest by Persia
others the same victory. Already in the Pyra. in 525 B.c., or later under the Ptolemies, do the
mid Texts we find the dead king identified with parts of the “ Book of the Dead” regularly
Osiris and passing to his realm, side by side appear with fixed phraseology and in a fixed
and intermingled with a belief in a royal Here- order.
after spent in the sky with the Sun-god.
The introductory material provided by Dr.
With the decentralizing of power at the Budge in volume one, although individual facts
breaking up of the Old Kingdom (after 2500 are abundant, shows but slight appreciation of
B. c.) and the rise of a group of feudal lords the continuous development of Egyptian reli-
several centuries later, came the thought that gious thought during millenia. He extends the
the blessed future life previously imputed to the designation " Book of the Dead” to cover the
king alone might, like the power he had pre whole field of Egyptian religious texts, distin-
viously wielded, be shared by his subjects. This guishing those of the different ages merely by
innovation is evidenced by coffins of the Middle the unfortunate term “ recensions." Again, in
Kingdom (about 2000 B. c.). These also show
These also show his discussions of individual divinities, little
that, though the Sun-god had definitely become suggestion is found of the continuous tide of
the chief deity of living Egypt, Osiris had be- religious thought down the ages, as a result of
come preëminent among the dead. The deceased, which primitive local concepts became amalga-
whatever rank he may have possessed or lacked
have possessed or lacked mated and modified to form the complex and
on earth, now identified himself in his tomb inconsistent maze of attributes of the Egyptian
with Osiris the king. So on the coffins of the gods as he pictures them.
non-royal in this age are found painted both Copious proof-texts cited in hieroglyphic
kingly regalia and utterances corresponding in form, sometimes left untranslated (e. g., pp. 92,
function to the ancient Pyramid Texts. Though 180, 183), impress the lay reader with the
the latter lent certain sections to these Middle learning of the author but fail to throw added


384
[May 1
THE DIAL
66
light upon his theme. Frequent rendering of gest the good old days of Egyptology when it
titles or epithets by transliterations tends like was not yet evident even that the Egyptian
wise to obscure the thought. It might be in language, like Hebrew and Arabic, writes no
place here to caution the reader that he will find vowels but only the consonants. Although the
no consistency in the spelling of proper names. author claims in his preface that the work is
Thus the same god appears as Atem (p. 109), "fully revised to the date of issue,” it reininds
Atmu(p. 110), Tem (p. 113), and Temu (p. 114). one strongly of perusing the aviation records of
Incorrect readings sometimes vie with more cor 1903 in search of the latest developments in
rect ones, e. g.,
Kesta” (pp. 386, 655, etc.), man's control of the air.
“Kesta (Mesta)” (pp. 127, 626, etc.), “ Amset The transcription of the plates into hiero-
(pp. 89, 131, etc.) A similar lack of coördina- glyphic type is quite successful, in spite of minor
tion may be noticed even in the title-pages, which errors. But it is for the third volume, the plates
vacillate between a two and a three volume themselves, which so splendidly and conveniently
preference.
reproduce this magnificent Papyrus of Ani,
Dr. Budge contends that the Pyramid Texts finest of its class, that libraries will find Dr.
were for general use, - a situation opposite to
a situation opposite to Budge's new edition especially valuable.
that which we have indicated above. Incident-
T. G. ALLEN.
ally, Maspero's early edition of these texts, the
one quoted throughout this work, is surpassed
in both accuracy and convenience of reference
A GREAT AMERICAN ARCHITECT.*
by that of Sethe, completed in 1910, the exist-
ence of which is barely noticed by our author
From its opening page, Mr. Alfred Hoyt
(p. 1, n. 2). The chronology adopted by Dr. Granger's study of Charles Follen McKim
Budgę (source unnamed) is that of Brugsch, raises the great question of architectural ideals
going back to 1877. The modern studies of the
on which the judgment of McKim's work must
great historian Eduard Meyer * have been over-
depend. To Mr. Granger, a disciple, a wor-
looked in this work, though in 1908 our author shipper, we must not look for a solution of this
considered them in the Introduction to his question. His is, rather, a passionate advocacy,
“ Book of the Kings of Egypt.” On the inter- raised at times above the level of prose by
pretation of the ka (pp. 73-4) and of the title
enthusiasm for his master:
of the “ Book of the Dead ” (p. 28), Professor
“ He stood for a national architecture, inspired by
Breasted's recent volume, f briefly referred to
beauty and built on the solid foundations of law, order,
and tradition."
(p. 74), offers interesting data.
“ Richardson was a poet of a Southern clime, rich,
In his second volume Dr. Budge has given exuberant, and endowed with the superabundant vitality
not only the hieroglyphic transcription and the of the Middle Ages. McKim was a poet, too, but of a
translation of the portions of the Book of the
later day, when men were alive to the power of reason
Dead" contained in the Papyrus of Ani, but
and awakened by the renaissance to the potency and
has supplemented them from other papyri with Char No lover ever served his mistress with a more tender
many selections, omitted by Ani. Although and entire devotion than McKim served Architecture.
within the Ani text itself he has occasionally To bim she was emphatically, the Mother of the Arts,
noted corrupt passages (e.g., pp. 625, 627),
the fount of creative beauty, and for her embellishment
he pressed into coöperation with himself all whose work
on the whole he leaves aside textual criticism.
was needed for the perfection of any building.”
Now since the “ Book of the Dead” is in all its
copies quite corrupt, careful comparative study heartily subscribe, without at the same time
To Mr. Granger's enthusiasm we may all
is often indispensable, though not always effec heartily subscribe, without at the same time
tive, for arriving at the original sense.
committing ourselves to adoption of the archi-
Our
tectural forms which McKim employed. The
editor, by his publication in facsimile of many
difference of opinion will come in the interpre-
valuable documents belonging to the British
Museum, has done much to facilitate such com-
tation of the words “beauty" and "national."
parative study, but has himself been singularly is through expression, as the road to the good
The road to the beautiful, we moderns believe,
lations, and even his transliterated names, sug-
is through duty. Expression in architecture
may be of many things — of structure, of use,
Aegyptische Chronologie, Berlin 1904 ; Nachträge zur of eternal order, of spiritual inheritance, of
ägyptischen Chronologie, Berlin 1908.
| “Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient * CHARLES FOLLEN MCKIM. A Study of His Life and
Egypt," New York 1912. See pp. 52 ff. and 276, n. 1, Work. By Alfred Hoyt Granger. Illustrated. Boston:
respectively.
Houghton Mifflin Co.


1914]
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THE DIAL
national individuality. The times are rare when for the appreciation of such work as McKim's.
conditions are so happy that all can be achieved Both tendencies are expressive of the present,
in equal measure. The present moment, with neither can truly claim an exclusive right to the
its contradictions of historical retrospect and title of a modern or an American style. For one
fresh material creation, is scarcely of these can be pleaded the individuality of American
times. To express either phase alone is partial life, for the other its essential cosmopolitanism.
and anachronistic. To express the very con To a greater extent than with the work of
tradiction itself as an irreconcilable antagonism, many others, it is true, McKim's work involved
like the conflict of duties, creates tragedy, close imitation of prototypes in previous styles.
where it does not create farce. The solution This must be recognized as a passing phase
lies in a harmonization of the conflicting ele of the movement he helped inaugurate, hav-
ments by emphasis on one or the other,-
- the
ing, to be sure, its own extenuation in the
harmony either of the conservative or of the historical spirit of the nineteenth century by
radical.
which the still more literal revivals of its earlier
McKim was the conservative, who chose to years were inspired. With McKim himself,
express pervading order rather than specific moreover, there was always criticism of his orig-
variety, continuity with the past rather than inals — modifications, refinements, and thus
proud renunciation. That he was not always essential originality. The Boston Library is no
able to achieve these without sacrifice is un. more renaissance in its forms than its ancestor,
deniable. The regularity of the side façades of the temple of the Malatesta at Rimini, is Roman.
the Boston Library is gained by disguising the The plagiarism is the plagiarism of Shake-
interior arrangement; the imperial splendor of speare.
the Pennsylvania Station, by the addition of McKim's reputation, however, has no need
extraneous parts and by literal reproduction of to rest on such acbievements. The Bank of
some elements, at least, which suggest another Montreal, Harvard Hall, and the Morgan Li-
civilization than that of to-day. In this, McKim brary in New York, to mention but a few, are
was behind his masters of the Ecole des Beaux fresh creations, perfectly adapted to their func-
Arts, for whom scrupulous obedience to prac tions, and alive with expression of character,
tical requirements was fundamental, and for as well as sympathy for materials and purely
whom the details of classic form were merely the architectural harmony. Dignity, monumen-
traditional language for embodying the charac tality, and respect for environment are never
teristic dispositions and structure of the present. absent from McKim's work. As a great artist
The Bibliothèque St. Geneviève, with its single in the handling of brick and stone, wood and
room justifying regularity, its construction metal, to bring out their characteristic beauties,
frankly exposed on the interior; the Gare du
he was surpassed only by his partner Stanford
Quai d'Orsay, with its simplicity of plan, its White. In the purity and assonance of his
emphasis on the essential and the modern, are architectural language, the delicate beauty of
buildings parallel to those of McKim's which proportion and of line, the music of forms,
show a higher synthesis of qualities within the McKim was the first of our time.
classic tradition.
SIDNEY FISKE KIMBALL.
Already the classic tendency in America,
which McKim helped to restore after a half
century of interruption, is catching up with
THE GRAIL IN A NEW LIGHT.*
this
progress of the interim the exaltation of No student of mediæval literature commands
character as the sine qua non.
The militant
more justly than Miss Jessie Weston a respect-
tendency of secession, to be sure, has here been
ful hearing from scholars for whatever she may
beforehand in this, with its superb solution of have to say.
have to say. Her long and thorough study of
the artistic problems of the steel frame and first-hand sources, proved by painful researches
other requirements of modern commercialism. into obscure MSS. in every important library
Applied to problems more consecrated by time, of Europe ; her eager investigation of all the
the buildings of government and of the material illustrative of primitive life which an-
church catholic for instance, - its novel forms thropologists and folk-lorists have lately made
might in their turn show some lack of signif accessible ; above all, her open-mindedness and
icance. A final victory for one or the other hesitancy to let a theory govern her view of
of these tendencies, or a fusion of them, it is
* THE QUEST OF THE HOLY GRAIL. By Jessie L.
too early to predict, nor is prophecy necessary Weston. New York: The Macmillan Co.


386
[May 1
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facts, - all these have given her a place in the initiated, and the uninitiated. To the latter
front rank of authorities in her field. In her (among whom Chrétien is placed) the talismans,
latest book, " The Quest of the Holy Grail,"' cup and lance, which are found in the tale,
she summarizes in a coherent statement the would inevitably, during the crusading centu-
theory which her data have at last forced her to ries, suggest the instruments of Christ's passion
form about the many confused and conflicting and would as inevitably lead to a Christian
Grail legends surviving in the tales of Chrétien, interpretation of the whole. To the others,
Wolfram, Borron, and other poets of their time. represented by Robert de Borron, those who
Miss Weston discards, as is now for that knew the meaning of the story “from the
matter the fashion, the hypothesis that the Grail
inside," the primitive symbolism of a nature
came into literature as originally a Christian
cult became transmuted into the threefold sig-
relic,—the cup of the Eucharist, and the bleed nificance of “Christian esoteric teaching,” in
ing lance also,—the lance of Longinus,-admit-
which the Grail as the Eucharist stood for the
ting with Alfred Nutt and others that both talis “Feast of Communion, the actual Body and
mans were of popular origin. She nevertheless
Blood of the Lord and the source of spiritual
profoundly modifies the “ folk-lore” explanation life” (p. 121). A Mystery containing some
by turning its facts, and some additional ones,
such threefold meaning Miss Weston thinks
into proofs that a consistent ritual ceremony lay may have been developed from the Gnostic
at the basis of the Grail story. She sums up the
heresies by the Knights Templars, whose fall
now generally accepted evidence as to the nature was contemporary with the disuse of the Grail
of the Adonis cults, with their bands of lament story as a minstrel theme (p. 136). In short,
ing women and their mystery service of a dying
6 the Grail romances are a survival of that
and reviving god; in which service a cup and period of unrest” during which there was much
a lance, both equally " well-known phallic sym-
" search for the source of Life, Life physical,
bols,” played the part of emblems of fertility. Life immortal,” a search that often preserved
She assumes that the Grail legend in its account
the forms of ancient services frowned upon and
of a solemn procession before a wounded king, finally suppressed by the Church.
a procession in which lance and Grail were Such, stripped of many interesting details, is
carried with awe by a band of wailing maidens,
the outline of the theory presented in this little
is a revelation of an attempt to initiate a new
book. It will certainly command immediate
worshipper into some similar Mysteries. She attention, and will as certainly provoke much
goes further, and offers this suggestion :
discussion and disagreement. One question that
“ At one time the nature-ritual, upon the due per-
is bound to be brought up very soon is that of
formance of which the fertility of the land was held to the relation of this hypothesis to the so-called
depend, was celebrated publicly and generally; but “Christ myth.” Miss Weston leaves no very
in consequence of the insults offered by a (probably clear impression as to whether she identifies
local) chieftain and his men to the priestesses of that
the Adonis cult with the heretical ceremonies
cult, or maybe to the temple maidens, the open celebra-
tion ceased. The tradition of these rites, their signifi-
of the Gnostics, or whether the two are different
cance, and their continued life in some secret stronghold,
and if so as to which is to be taken for origin
was, however, preserved in the families of those who of the Grail story. Probably the reasonable
had been, perhaps still were, officials of the cult.” solution is that the Gnostic heresy was so similar
Miss Weston supposes (and this supposition to the pagan beliefs and rites that there is no
at least is not far-fetched) that the Druidic great need for differentiating them. But if that
religion, which held “views on the origin and is true, why bring in the Adonis cult at all save as
transmission of life of a profound and compli a parallel ? An increasingly large body of radi.
cated character," and the Irish gods, who bore cal New Testament critics are tending to find
the double character of "deities of increase and in the Gospel story of Christ's passion the
fertility and lords of life" (a character possibly account not of an historic death but of the sac-
derived from the introduction of the Adonis rifice of the annually dying and reviving fer-
cult into Britain by Phænician sailors) all con tilization god of an obscure Jewish sect; the
tributed to the rite commemorated in the Grail Mysteries of this sect again are suspected of
poems. Moreover, she thinks the evolution of having been perpetuated by the Gnostics and
this account of a Mystery into a romance is of having spread rapidly over what became
easily traceable, since two kinds of story-tellers Christendom through their likeness to a toler-
undoubtedly worked over the material: those ably universal primitive method of invoking
who understood its significance, - that is, the fertility at the change of the seasons. If this


1914]
387
THE DIAL
a
in later life.
basis for the Gospel story should come to amiable temper which characterizes her statements
acceptance, it may smooth out some of the diffi even when concerned with matters which might
culties in the way of accounting for the Chris- easily have called forth harsher termis.
“I never
tianization of material itself probably the very
was good at pouting when a Miss,” she says ; " and
“Urstoff” of Christianity.
after fifteen years are gone, one should know the
value of Life better than to pout any part of it
WINIFRED SMITH.
away.” As illustrative of the lively humor and the
easy colloquialism of her style the following para-
graph may be quoted:
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
“Our Master (Piozzi] is too bad to be diverted by any.
thing: 50 hours has that unhappy Mortal lain on an actual
“ Dr. Johnson's Mrs. Thrale is
rack of torment, nor ever dozed once except for 7 or 8
Mrs. Piozzi
person to whom no small interest minutes, not ten. 'Tis truly a dismal life, and Mrs. Siddons
attaches in the minds of those who
has called home Sally, and Mr. Davies is making holyday at
cherish the Johnsonian legend. A new volume,
Brighthelmston, and there is nobody to make out whist with
good old Mr. Jones. I just had a peep of the Leos and
therefore, which has for its title “ The Intimate
Greatheeds, it was, however, but a peep. We went to Town
Letters of Hester Piozzi and Penelope Pennington: one night and saw Euphrasia, and caught a cold which Piozzi
1788–1821” (Lane), edited by Mr. Oswald G. attributes to the Kanquroo, etc., that we carried the children
to look at next morning. Ah! those Ferocious Beasts are
Knapp, will appeal pleasantly to those readers who
been my Ruin,' quoth he."
have wished for a more satisfying look at the hospit: Such public matters as the occurrences in France
able mistress of Streatham Park than is afforded
and the scandal about Queen Caroline are subjects
in the pages of Boswell or Madame D'Arblay. As
for her comment. She is depressed by the suffering
the dates indicate, this correspondence occurred after
the breaking of that brilliant circle which brought Gardener came yesterday, scratching his head, and
due to the hard times of 1799–1800: “ When the
distinction, incidentally, to the household of the
saying there would be no wall-fruit this year, I could
wealthy brewer and his talented wife; Thrale was
hardly answer him civilly; but I did say, For God's
dead ; Mrs. Thrale had married the Italian music
sake, think about the bay and corn, and hang the
master, thereby incurring the wrath of Johnson,
fine people and their wall-fruit.” Her remarks upon
alienating the Burneys, and permanently estranging
her own children; Johnson himself had died, and contemporary literature are numerous and interest-
ing. Just after “The Mysteries of Udolpho" ap-
new friendships had replaced the old. In itself the
second marriage appears to have resulted happily. peared, she wrote “[Mrs. Radcliffe's] tricks used to
fright Mrs. Siddons and me very much; but when
Mrs. Piozzi's literary activities continued, and there
was no lack in contemporary appreciation of her somebody said her book was like Macbeth, “Ay,'
intellectual and social gifts. Mrs. Piozzi's corre-
replied H. L. P.,'about as like as Peppermint Water
spondent, who first appears as Miss Penelope Weston, dull; Irving's “Sketch Book” was “pretty enough.”
is to good French Brandy.'” Scott's novels she found
was a woman of literary tastes, somewhat younger
Thus these letters are a real addition to the human
than her friend, whose acquaintance with the elder
documents relative to an interesting age, as well as
woman seems to bave begun at about the time of
frank
the second marriage. The letters here published are
expression of a notable woman. The volume
is enriched with thirty-two illustrations, mainly por-
almost exclusively those written by Mrs. Piozzi, and
traits. We notice in the editorial accompaniment
they continue to the year of her death. To the
casual reader these letters may appear rather incon-
two or three slips. “The Vision of Mirza,” is attrib-
uted to Steele; the line “There is a tide in the
sequential; they certainly contain very little of the
affairs of men,” etc., is placed in “Timon of Athens”;
Johnsonian sententiousness. But they are intimate
and where Mrs. Piozzi quotes lines from “ A Mid-
and vivacious even to the last — surprisingly viva-
cious for a writer who has passed the three score and
summer Night's Dream as spoken by Hermione
(confusing that heroine with Hermia), there is no
ten. Their style is obviously characteristic: “How
like herself, how characteristic is
correction, although they are really a part of
line! wild,
every
entertaining, flighty, inconsistent, and clever!” wrote
Lysander's speech.
Fanny Burney, after reading Mrs. Piozzi's narrative
Mr. W. Basil Worsfold's book enti-
Lord Milner's
of her continental journey (1789); the comment
tled “Lord Milner's Work in South
South Africa.
applies equally well to her correspondence. If her
Africa,” published eight years ago,
gossip on public affairs is not particularly astute, it has been recognized widely as a well-informed his-
at least reflects the popular opinion and sentiment tory of South African affairs during the period from
of the time; it is frank and intimate and altogether the appointment of Sir Alfred Milner as High Com.
human. “Dear, lovely, sweet Siddons ” js her effu- missioner in 1897 to the termination of the Boer
sive manner of referring to the queen of tragedy, War by the Peace of Vereeniging, in June, 1902.
with whom she and her correspondent were on terms In that book Mr. Worsfold laid stress upon the
of friendship, and whom she rarely mentions with quality of virility which characterized the Milner
out one or more endearing epithets. These expres administration, and showed that, at last, despite
sions are evidently an indication of an unusually / (perhaps, rather, on account of) the upheaval caused
a
later work in


388
(May 1
THE DIAL
by the war, South Africa seemed in a fair way to are constantly being published on all phases of dra-
lose its dubious eminence as the least successfully matic activity. And there is, too, no lack of con-
governed portion of the British Empire and the temporaneity in these treatises, for the plays of last
chief British “graveyard of reputations." Students season are passed in review in books published dur-
of British imperial history will be gratified to know ing the following summer. Mr. Hamilton's volume
that Mr. Worsfold has carried his studies beyond consists of a number of articles many of which have
the point arrived at in his first volume, and that appeared in popular magazines, where they no doubt
there has come from the press a supplementary served a useful purpose. Very little exception may
work, in two volumes, bearing the title “Reconstruc be taken to the ideas set forth; they are in accord
tion of the New Colonies under Lord Milner" for the most part with the best modern criticism.
(Dutton). Chronologically, these volumes cover the One finds it hard, however, to agree with the defini-
period from June, 1902, to April, 1905, when Lord tion of poetry as “in a large and general sense
Milner was succeeded in the high commissionership that solemn, tremulous happiness that overcomes us
by Lord Selborne; but an extended “epilogue when we become unwittingly and poignantly aware
bridges the interval between Lord Milner's retire of the existence and the presence of the beautiful.”
ment and the establishment of the Union of South Since when has poetry become happiness, even on
Africa, May 31, 1910. Mr. Worsfold writes, in the stage? One of the most suggestive chapters in
part at least, from personal observation, and he has the book makes a plea for a new type of play,- for
made exhaustive use of the private diaries and the “extensive" instead of the “intensive” drama,
papers of Lord Milner, published official documents, for the synthetic instead of the analytic. “It will
newspapers, and other materials of value. Hé
not content itself with the analysis of character
quotes freely from the letters and speeches of Milner within constricted bounds of time and place, but
and of other South African officials and leaders. will attempt to represent the logical development of
His service as editor of the Johannesburg “Star" character in many places and through many times.
during the years 1904 and 1905 gave him excep It will not be realistic but impressionistic, not prosaic
tional opportunities to follow closely the events of but poetic.” This type of play will be made possible
those peculiarly formative years. By reason of the by the invention of stage devices, already seen in the
importance of the problem of Oriental immigration revolving stage, and in the simplification of scenery,
in the United States, the portions of Mr. Worsfold's shown in the work of Gordon Craig and Max Rein-
volumes which are most likely to prove of interest hardt. Is not the Irish theatre already doing what
to American readers are those (Chaps. XI.-XIV.) Mr. Hamilton predicts? Certainly the Irish plays
in which is discussed the question of Chinese labor have poetry, they are not narrowly intensive, and
in the colonies. It is shown that the need of large they are not burdened by the demands of elaborate
quantities of unskilled labor in the mines is impera- settings. Synge's “ Deirdre of the Sorrows" points
tive, that the requisite laborers cannot be found at to a larger drama than the intensive work in “Hindle
home, that the attempt to supplement native labor Wakes," and is free from the technical artificiality
by unskilled European labor has been futile and of the plays of Pinero.
must ever be so, and that, as Lord Milner early
The islands and shores of the eastern
came to believe, the importation of Chinese coolies In past and
is an unwelcome, but the only practicable, solution
present provinces Mediterranean are so crowded with
historical memories and so rich in
of the problem. The introduction of Chinese labor,
first authorized by ordinance in 1904, is pronounced picturesque charm that the well-read traveller,
“ the cardinal act of Lord Milner's reconstruction
moving among them with open eyes, can generally
of the new colonies“; and the assertion is ventured
write an entertaining account of his farings by land
that no one save Lord Milner could have induced or sea. Naturally, then, the list of volumes dealing
the Balfour Ministry to sanction a proposal which
with these tempting scenes is almost appallingly
was so certain to evoke a storm of opposition, not only long; but we have no hesitation in saying that
in South Africa, but in the United Kingdom and in
Mr. Harry Charles Lukach was justified in adding
Australia and New Zealand.
to the number with “The Fringe of the East”
(Macmillan). It is always easy to say exactly what
To the reviewer of books dealing makes a successful book of travel, unless one begins
with the modern stage it is surpris to recall the vast range of differences among the
of to-day.
ing that Mr. Clayton Hamilton classic works of this description, or even among those
should offer as an apology for writing his "Studies we describe as readable. In the present instance
in Stagecraft” (Holt) the following remarkable the explanation would seem to lie not merely in the
statement: “In this growing age of stagecraft, it is catholicity of the author's interest and his scholarly
necessary that criticism should bestir itself to keep training, but also in his appreciation of little things,
astride with rapid revolutions in dramatic artistry his enjoyment of fun, and a delightfully irrespons-
that are being effected before our very eyes.” Not ible habit of introducing unexpected bits of folk-lore
to mention the ephemeral emanations of the daily and unfamiliar literature. Furthermore, he does
and Sunday papers, and the slightly less ephemeral not weary the reader by dwelling unduly on what is
articles in the weekly and monthly magazines, books | perfectly well known to everybody. Thus, in his
of Turkey.
The theatre


1914]
389
THE DIAL
The less
serious side
chapters on the Holy Land and the neighboring dis-
A sort of ludicrous inconsequential-
tricts, while he does not neglect the often described
ity, with an underlying method in
scriptural sites, he directs our interest very agreeably
of things. the madness of it, is the keynote of
to Mohammedan mosques, or to castles and other Mr. Simeon Strunsky's "Post Impressions” (Dodd),
monuments of the incredible Crusaders, who give a book of brisk little sketches originally published
the impression that they must have built with one in the "Saturday Magazine” of the New York
hand while they fought with the other. However, we “Evening Post” hence the title of the volume.
may leave Mr. Lukach's readers to make a further The same nimble wit that gave delight in “Through
analysis for themselves; whatever the causes, the the Outlooking Glass” and “The American Cine-
book is enjoyable throughout. It is written in an matograph" banishes drowsiness when we dip into
easy narrative style, and contains nearly eighty illus these “Post Impressions.” Among the favorite
trations, most of them genuinely helpful. A useful objects of the author's playful satire we find the
map may be found in an obscure place after the in college curriculum, and the erudite German pro-
dex, although no mention of it is made in the table fessor, and much of the educational machinery in
of contents.
general. In his most characteristic vein is the fol-
The ninth series of Silliman Me- lowing amusing absurdity: “It is true that we are
The effect of
stimulus in
still without a definitive text of the Gilbert librettos.
morial Lectures at Yale University,
living substance. delivered by Professor Max Verworn
For this we must wait until Professor Rücksack, of
of the Physiological Institute of the University of
the University of Kissingen, has published the
Bonn, is now published in a volume entitled “Irri-
results of his monumental labours. So far, we have
tability: A Physiological Analysis of the General
from his learned pen only the text for the first half
of the second act of “The Mikado.' This is in
Effect of Stimuli in Living Substance" (Yale Uni-
versity Press). The author is a physiologist of inter-
accordance with the best traditions of German
national reputation, and a specialist on the subject scholarship, which demands that the second half of
of irritability and its consequence in the living anything shall be published before the first half.”
-Ko-Ko, the Lord
substance, - fatigue. He views and analyzes life In Gilbert's self-made men
processes in terms of his specialty, though careful
High Chancellor, and others—he finds “matter
to acknowledge the arbitrary element in such a classic enough for an entire volume,” and adds: “ I throw
fication and to admit the absence of isolated systems
out the suggestion in the hope that it will be some
in the world of life. The work deals with the his-
day taken up as the subject of a Ph.D. thesis in the
tory of the analysis of stimuli and irritability, with
University of Alaska.” Admirable fooling will be
the principles underlying research upon living sub-
found in plenty between the two covers of Mr.
stance and the conception of life as the entire sum
Strunsky's little book.
of vital conditions and also as a property of the
whole complex. Stimulus is defined as every alter-
Under the alluring title, “A Pepys
ation, positive or negative, in external vital conditions,
of Mogul India" (Dutton), Miss
while changes in internal states in the organism are
Mogul India.
Margaret Irvine has prepared a
conveniently designated as “development.” The convenient and readable abridgment of her father's
quality of stimulus and its effects, quantitative and “masterly edition” of Niccolao Manucci's “Storia
qualitative, upon metabolism, its relation to patho- do Mogor.” In the year 1656 this Venetian
logical conditions as well as to hypertrophy and wanderer, then a boy of seventeen, found himself a
atrophy, are discussed at length, as are also the friendless stranger in India ; but he was a resource-
physiological indicators of the process of excitation ful youth, and resourcefulness often seems coupled
and fatigue. The results of exhaustive researches with good fortune. At first he became an artillery-
into the physiological analysis of normal stimulation man; but by degrees he qualified himself to practise
are applied to the problems of fatigue, asphyxiation, medicine, or, at any rate, to impress even the highest
and narcosis. The work is technical, being designed class natives with his powers of healing. One way
primarily for the physiologist ; but it is written with or another he found himself intimately associated
a view to the larger relations of the subject, so that with the court life of the day; and his pictures of
its circle of service is much widened. The style is the daily farings and doings of princes and prin-
made piquant at times by some lingering Teutonisms. cesses form one of the most attractive features of
One marvels that a scientific book of this sort should the book. At times he even rose to positions of
be issued without an index, and should contain the considerable diplomatic influence, which made his
misspelled names of Weismann and Strasburger. notes a valuable source for political history. His
It is also to be regretted that the history of tropisms career was almost fantastically picturesque, and
should be discussed at length in a series of lectures fortunately he wrote voluminously, and often graph-
before an American audience without reference ically, about everything that interested him, from
therein to the work of Professor Jacques Loeb and the remarkable administering of a remarkable
Lis pupils, and that stimuli and oxidation should be enema to important questions of imperial relations.
red without reference to Professor Loeb's epoch. In fact, his wide-ranging and human-hearted pages
liqcoveries in artificial parthenogenesis. almost justify Miss Irvine in adopting for him the
A versatile
Italian in


390
[May 1
THE DIAL
on books
conjuring name of the inimitable English diarist, composition, for the ingredients do not compose.
although, of course, there is only one Pepys. The central distinction which makes the neuras-
Manucci has long been a sort of mine for the thenic the clue to the masculine, and the hysterical
scholar; and the present redaction will introduce the clue to the feminine liability, is sound and is
him favorably to a wider public as a very vital and coming to be more and more recognized. But a clue
interesting personality moving in a strange and is not a solution, any more than a plot is a story.
varicolored environment.
The lay reader rightly demands a story, not a series
of incidents out of which a story could be made.
A volume of odds and ends having He is likely to find this volume disappointing,
Nantucket
musings.
a wide range of varying interest | perhaps unduly so because of the allurement of its
appears from the
pen
of Miss Mary
title.
E. Waller under the title, “From an Island Out-
Their crisp brevity will recommend
Brief essays
post” (Little, Brown, & Co.). If for no other reason
to many hurried readers the short
than that Miss Waller is the author of “The Wood.
and life.
papers included in Professor Richard
Carver of 'Lympus” one is attracted by this pro Burton's “Little Essays in Literature and Life"
duction of hers in a very different vein, dealing (Century Co.), collected chiefly from the pages of
with the facts of her own experience, outer and
"The Bellman," and grouped under five heads:
inner, rather than the fictions of her fertile inven “Nature,” “Man and Society,” “Art and Letters,”
tion. Musings and memories indulged in during “Education,” and “Facetiæ." Though allowing
quiet weeks and months at Nantucket form the sub himself as a rule but a scanty five pages for each
stance of the book, and the pages are touched with theme, the author contrives to say much that is
a reality, sometimes a homely reality, that delights significant and interesting on the matter in hand.
the discerning reader. “I made some beach plum In the course of a few paragraphs devoted to his
jelly this morning,” the writer tells us in opening
own five-year-old daughter we note especially his
her third chapter; “it is the thing to do at this sea quick perception of “the exceeding silliness of
son in Nantucket. It was a failure. Although it talking down' to a little one who looks up to you
was firm and clear the taste was not right. I must in the physical sense, since you are the taller; but
try again.” A little later she exclaims : "Ah, these who looks down on you and patronizes you from a
common things of life! What balance, what poise height of spiritual superiority that is beyond plummet-
they give us when we are forced to breast alone the line, measure, or mark.” And on the old, old theme,
overwhelming flood of adverse circumstance!” On the nature of humor, he observes, not too tritely,
a theme quite different from beach plum jelly she
that “what is true of the nation is true of the indi.
writes: “The ideal holds the truth in suspension. vidual; a great humorist — not a mere mountebank
With Ibsen it seems to be ideals versus truth. The whose verbal somersaults in the paper amuse us for
trouble seems to be that he has laid his foundation the moment — is always one who has a big, sympa-
stones in wrong relation to the superstructure
thetic, sensitive soul, terribly aware of the tragic
en délit, as is said of the quarried stratified rocks | possibilities of the ticklish business of living. Aris-
when placed in the walls contrary to their manner
tophanes, Rabelais, Molière, Heine, Mark Twain,
of lying in the stratum.” Miss Waller has fulness they are all brothers under the skin in this respect.”
of life and wealth of thought to draw upon for the
Such essays as those on “Criticism and Cant,"
enrichment of such a book as she now offers to her “Blunders and Blunderers," “ Loafing,” “Book One
readers.
Hundred One,” “St. Augustine and Bernard Shaw,'
Under the engaging title, “Minds in
and many more that might be named from the
Counsel for
Distress” (Luce), Dr. A. E. Bridger
attractive table of contents, lure by their mere title;
sufferers.
nor is the lure deceptive or disappointing.
of London endeavors to provide "a
psychological study of the masculine and the femi-
Benedick said truly that “Every one
nine mind in health and in disorder.” The author
The problem
can master a grief but he that has it.”
is impressed, as are many of his fraternity on this
Such a book as Mr. Bolton Hall's on
side of the Atlantic, with the desirability of placing “The Mastery of Grief” (Holt) must of necessity
before those whose interest or whose nervous lia contain maxims much easier of utterance than of
bilities inspires them with the importance of mental application. Yet it is a sane and thoughtful discus-
hygiene, some words of insight and correction and sion of the subject, with apt quotations from other
aid. To offer a life-preserver to minds in distress authors, and with wise avoidance of mysticism, of
is concentrated philanthropy. Would that the wish dogma, of anything that might fail to appeal to the
were as readily the father of the deed as of the common sense of the average reader. The succes.
thought; unfortunately, good wishes leave no off sive chapters, admirable for their brevity, treat of
spring. The execution of Dr. Bridger's task suffers such themes as the tragedy of death, regrets, the
from a doctrinaire attitude, which results in an dive
diversion of the mourner's thoughts, the course of
estrangement of precept and practice or in an aim-nature, the funeral rites, the persistence of life,
less issue when they meet. The ingredients of the science and immortality, and the breakdown of faith.
book are well chosen; but the composite is hardly a A single brief extract will indicate the spirit of the
mental
of sorrow.


1914)
391
THE DIAL
book. “They say to you Have faith.' They might
NOTES.
as well say to those suffering in poverty ‘Have
money.' We have reason, and must satisfy the A volume of collected essays by Rudolf Eucken is
reason before we can have a reasonable faith.” A
soon to appear, under the editorship of Mr. Meyrick
timely word, is uttered in the chapter beginning, Booth.
“One of the ways we have of adding to our own
Two hitherto unannounced novels to be issued imme-
pain lies in our funeral customs. We are but little diately by Messrs. Dutton are “ A Free Hand" by Miss
less heathen than our ancestors in this direction."
Helen C. Roberts and “The Sheep Track" by Mrs.
The fact that Mr. Hall is a man of affairs rather
Nesta H. Webster.
than a preacher gives his book a certain weight and
Mr. William Rose Benét has recently completed a
value that it might not otherwise have.
collection of some sixty lyrics, which the Yale University
Press will publish under the title, “ The Falconer of
God, and Other Poems."
“Business: A Profession,” by Mr. Louis D. Brandeis,
BRIEFER MENTION.
and a new and enlarged edition of Mr. Ralph Adams
Cram's “ Church Building,” are two new announcements
Professor Jacques Loeb’s “ Artificial Parthenogenesis of Messrs. Small, Maynard & Co.
and Fertilization” (University of Chicago Press) is a “Shakespeare Personally” is the title of a forthcom-
revision and enlargement, by the author, of an English ing posthumous volume by the late Professor Masson,
translation of his “ Die chemische Entwicklungserre which has been edited and arranged for the press by
gung des tierischen Eies " which appeared in 1909. It
provides, in very convenient form, a digested summary
his daughter, Miss Rosaline Masson.
of the brilliant series of researches which were origi-
An important contribution to sociology is announced
nally published in the form of short papers in many
in Mrs. Florence Kelley's “Modern Industry, in Rela-
tion to the Family, Health, Education, and Morality."
widely scattered technical journals.
Messrs. Longmans will publish the book.
Experienced in the telling of stories to children,
Two important forthcoming additions to the “ Con-
Miss Julia Darrow Cowles writes wisely and well in
her book on “The Art of Story-Telling ” (McClurg),
temporary Science Series” are Mr. Havelock Ellis's
“ Man and Woman" and Mr. Robert Michels's “ Sexual
a compact little volume with every one of its chapters Ethics: A Study of Borderland Questions."
very much to the purpose. She discusses story-telling
We understand that Lord Bryce is engaged upon a
in the home and in the school, the choice of stories and
how to tell them effectively, the various kinds of
history of modern democracy. Probably no other living
stories suitable for children, the joy of story-telling,
writer is better fitted for this task, and the book is bound
and the art of it, all this, and more also, in Part I.
to prove a contribution of notable importance.
Part II. contains nearly half a hundred good short
A compilation of more than a thousand familiar
stories, old and new, a title index and a topical index
quotations pertaining to mathematics is promised by
to these, and a classified list of books for the story-
the Macmillan Co. in Mr. Robert Edouard Moritz's
teller. Miss Cowles writes persuasively, and her book
“ Memorabilia Mathematica: The Philomath's Quota-
will do good.
tion Book."
The
Undoubtedly the most widely read and in many
autobiographical papers by Abraham M.
respects the most valuable book devoted to our Amer-
Rihbany, the Syrian immigrant who_to-day occupies
ican aborigines is Catlin's “Indians,” — or, to give the
the pulpit made famous by James Freeman Clarke,
work its full title, The Manners, Customs, Languages,
have been collected into book form and will be pub-
History, and Conditions of the North American Indians.”
lished in the Autumn by Houghton Mifflin Co.
Its author, George Catlin, was a portrait painter who
“A Tramp through the Bret Harte Country," by
conceived the plan of making as complete a pictorial
Mr. Thomas Dykes Beasley, is announced by Messrs.
record as possible, direct from the subject, of the various
Paul Elder & Co. The narrative describes a walking
types and customs of the American red man; and for trip through the region made famous by the “forty-
eight years (1832–1839) he gave himself wholly to this
niners” and their chroniclers, Mark Twain and Bret
Harte.
task. Of the book embodying his observations and ex-
periences during this period, and containing reproduc-
A memorial to Sam Walter Foss, poet and librarian,
tions of his principal paintings, several editions were
will be erected on the farm where he was born at Candia,
published; but all have been long out of print, and un-
N. H., by the Candia Club. It will take the form of
obtainable except at prices prohibitive to the ordinary
a granite marker, bearing a bronze tablet on which will
buyer. It is therefore a decided boon to bave a new
be the date of the poet's birth and an inscription from
edition of the work, with both text and illustrations
his works.
printed (as we are informed) from the original plates, Mr. H. De Vere Stacpoole, the novelist, has recently
and published at a price which is only an inconsiderable completed a philosophical work entitled “The New
fraction of the sum usually brought by the early edi Optimism,” which John Lane Co. will publish. The
tions at auction. Messrs. Leary, Stuart & Co. are the wide field of the author's optimism may be inferred
publishers of this new edition, which is in two large from the sub-title: “ An exposition of the evolution of
volumes, well printed and substantially bound. The the solar universe, incidentally of life, and finally of
illustrations number one hundred and eighty full-page
man."
plates, printed in color. by lithography. With this new A series of “Elliott Monographs in the Romance
edition available, there is now no reason why Catlin's Languages and Literatures," edited by Mr. Edward C.
“ Indians” should not be in every public library of the Armstrong, is being projected by the Johns Hopkins
country, however small.
Press. The first three volumes, to appear this Spring,


392
[May 1
THE DIAL
.
.
.
.
.
.
are the following: “Flaubert's Literary Development
in the Light of his Mémoires d'un fou, Novembre, and
Education sentimentale," by Mr. A. Coleman; “ Sources
and Structure of Flaubert's Salammbo,” by Messrs. P. B.
Fay and A. Coleman; “ La Composition de Salammbo
d'après la correspondance de Flaubert," par F. A.
Blossom.
A statue of Anne Hutchinson is not unlikely to be
added, before very long, to the works of art adorning
the Boston Public Library. The women of America are
invited to contribute of their influence and their means
toward this end. A preliminary committee, headed by
Gen. Francis Henry Appleton, and including Mrs. Mar-
garet Deland and Mr. Erving Winslow, has the matter
in cbarge. Mr. Winslow is secretary of this committee.
S. R. Crockett, the Scottish novelist, died on April
20, at the age of fifty-four. For several years he was
a minister in the Free Church of Scotland. His first
publication, issued in 1886, was a volume of poems.
This was followed seven years later by “ The Stickit
Minister," which became a great popular success, and
has always remained his most widely-read book. Since
that time a long list of fiction and children's books bas
issued from his pen, beginning with “ The Raiders”
and “The Lilac Sunbonnet," and ending with “Sandy,"
published two or three months ago.
The New York Browning Society is raising a fund
of $18,000 as half of the sum needed to purchase and
preserve in the caskets in which Robert Browning
placed them the entire collection of love letters of
Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning. The chief
librarian of the British Museum has announced that
British funds to an equal amount will be forthcoming
if America will do her share. The letters are obtainable
from the present owner for approximately the purchase
price. Contributions to the fund may be sent to the
Browning Society, Waldorf Astoria, New York.
The papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar have
been acquired by the Texas State Library by purchase
from his daughter, Mrs. Loretta Lamar Calder. They
are catalogued chronologically in the Library's Second
Biennial Report, and in a prefatory note are described
as consisting mostly of Lamar's state papers, corre-
spondence, editorials, poems, etc., of the historical
material collected by him, largely from contemporaries,
in preparation for histories of Texas and Mexico and
for biographies of prominent Mexican and Texan his-
torical characters, and of his more or less fragmentary
manuscript histories and biographies based upon that
material.” It is also pointed out that while the collection
is obviously most valuable for the history of Texas, espe-
cially from 1821 to 1841, it also contains material for the
history of Nicaragua and Costa Rica in 1858–9, when
Lamar was United States Minister to those countries.
Canadian Rockies, In the. Elizabeth Parker. Scribner
Cavalry, Light, of the Seas. D. P. Mannix Scribner
Chapman, Maria W. John J. Chapman
Atlantic
Clinics, School. E. H. Lewinski-Corwin Popular Science
College, The - What is Wrong with It? Harold C.
Goddard
Century
Commerce,
Foreign, Promotion of. A. L. Bishop . Atlantic
Cuba, Impressions of. Sydney Brooks North American
Death, After. James T. Bixby
Harper
Diseases, Exploring the Causes of. B.J.
Hendrick
World's Work
Dry-farmer, The Real. J.R. Smith
Harper
Education, Common Sense in. Willard French . Lippincott
Environic Factors. D. T. MacDougal Popular Science
Equality, The Struggle for. C. F. Emerick Popular Science
Europe: What It Thinks of Us-II. David Starr
Jordan
World's Work
Germans, The, in America. Ė. A. Ross
Century
Girl, The, of the Future. E. S. Martin
Harper
Golf, The Soul of. P. A. Vaile
Century
Harbors, New York and Foreign. W.C.
Brinton
Review of Reviews
History, The Science of. C. W. Alvord . Popular Science
Idiocies, Oar Instinctive. Seymour Deming Atlantic
Italian Court, At the. Madame de Hegermann-
Lindencrone
Harper
Japan, Our Relations with. J. D. Whelpley Century
Journalism, Schools of. J. M. Lee Review of Reviews
Joy, A Defense of. Robert H. Schauffler
Atlantic
King, Charles, Reminiscences of. Gertrude K.
Schuyler
Scribner
Labor and Capital, J. J. Stevenson Popular Science
Legislators, First Aid for. C. F. Carter Review of Reviews
Legislatures, State. Emmet O'Neal North American
Louisiana Purchase, History of the. F. T. Hill . Atlantic
McKim's “Christianity and Christian Science" N. American
Manufacturer, The Future. E. A. Rumely World's Work
Mexico, Wilson's Policy in. William B. Hale World's Work
Mexico's Economic Resources. A. G. Robinson Rev. of Revs.
Moth, The Gipsy. Harold Kellock .
Century
Music of To-day and To-morrow. James Huneker Century
Navy, The, as a Power for Peace. Josephus
Daniels
World's Work
Newspapers, Science in.' J. A. Jaden
Popular Science
Nonchalance, Cultivation of. Eliott Park Frost Atlantic
Opera for and by the People. Pierre V. R. Key Century
Pacific, Control of the. James H. Oliver World's Work
Panama Tolls Exemption. R. L. Owen Review of Reviews
Pepys, Mrs., Portrait of. Gamaliel Bradford North Amer.
Philippine America. Harriet C. Adams World's Work
Porto Rico, Development of. Cabot Ward World's Work
Present, The Cult of the. 0. W. Firkins
Atlantic
Relativity, Theory of, and the New Mechanics.
William Marshall
Popular Science
Religion, A Crisis in. George Hodges
Atlantic
Religion, Laissez-Faire in. B. I. Bell
Atlantic
Republican-Progressive Fusion Impossible.
Medill McCormick
North American
Rodin's Note-book. Judith Cladel
Century
Sanitation, Broadening Science of. G. C. Whipple Atlantic
Science, A Suit against. Herbert R. Sass
Atlantic
Sculptures, Some Recent. William Walton Scribner
Shakespeare and Balzac. George Moore
Century
Skyscraper, Impressions of a. Joseph Husband Atlantic
States, Disorderly. Henry Jones Ford
Atlantic
Tangier Island, CH peake Bay. J. W. Church Harper
Tartarin's Country, In. Richard Le Gallienne Harper
Theatre, The. Simeon Strunsky
Atlantic
Tripoli. G. E. Woodberry
Scribner
Venezuelan Llanos, The. C. W. Furlong
Harper
Victorian Poetry, The Dionysian Quality in.
Louise C. Willcox
North American
Villa, Pancho. N. C. Adossides. Review of Reviews
Wilson-Why He Is Right. George Harvey. No. American
Wilson's First Year. A. Maurice Low
Century
Women, Enfranchisement of, by the National
Constitution. Ida H. Harper North American
.
.
.
.
.
.
Seymour
.
•
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
May, 1914.
Agricultural Pests, The War on. E. L. D.
World's Work
Alsace-Lorraine. David Starr Jordan
Atlantic
America, The Greater. George Marvin World's Work
Army, Bigger Job for the. Leonard Wood. World's Work
Army, Peaceful Triumphs of the. L. M.
Garrison
World's Work
Brazilian Wilderness, In the - II. Theodore
Roosevelt
Scribner
Canada in 1914, P. T. McGrath
Review of Reviews
•


1914]
898
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 144 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Elizabethan Drama and Its Mad Folk. By Edgar
Allison Peers, B.A. 12mo, 189 pages.
Cam-
bridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
English Literary Miscellany. By Theodore W.
Hunt. Second series; 12mo, 318 pages. Oberlin:
Bibliotheca Sacra Co.
Things. By Alice Duer Miller. 16mo, 48 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 50 cts. net.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Memories of My Youth, 1844-1865. By George
Haven Putnam, Litt.D. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, 447 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $2. net.
Confederate Portraits. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 291 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
Recollections of Sixty Years. By Sir Charles
Tupper, Bart. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.,
large 8vo, 414 pages. Funk & Wagnalls Co.
$5. net.
Saint Augustin. By Louis Bertrand; translated
from the French by Vincent O'Sullivan. Large
8vo, 396 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $3. net.
On the Left of a Throne: A Personal Study of
James, Duke of Monmouth. By Mrs. Evan
Nepean. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.,
large 8vo, 246 pages. John Lane Co. $3. net.
My First Years as a Frenchwoman. By Mary King
Waddington. Illustrated, 8vo, 278 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
These Shifting Scenes. By Charles Edward Russell.
8vo, 311 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50 net.
Elizabeth and Mary Stuart: The Beginning of the
Feud. By Frank Arthur Mumby, Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., 8vo, 407 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $3. net.
Pennell of the Afghan Frontier: The Life of Theo-
dore Leighton Pennell. By Alice M. Pennell;
with Introduction by Earl Roberts. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 464 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co.
$3. net.
Beating Back.' By Al Jennings and Will Irwin.
Illustrated, 12mo, 355 pages. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.50 net.
Life, Letters, and Addresses of John Craig Have-
meyer. 12mo, 372 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1. net.
A Quaker Grandmother: Hannah Whitall Smith.
By Ray Strachey. Illustrated, 12mo, 144 pages.
Fleming H. Revell Co. $1. net.
Tolstoy: His Life and Writings. By Edward Gar-
nett. With portrait, 16mo, 107 pages. Houghton
Miffin Co. 75 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The Dramatic Works of Gerhart Hauptmanns
edited by Ludwig Lewisohn. Volumes III. and
IV. Each 12mo. B. W. Huebsch, Per volume,
$1.50 net.
Poetical Works of Edward Dowden. In 2 volumes,
each with frontispiece, 12mo. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $4. net.
The Post-Office. By Rabindranath Tagore. 12mò,
95 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
Challenge. By Louis Untermeyer. 16mo, 144
pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Poems. By Walter Conrad Arensberg. 12mo, 121
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Cambridge Poets, 1900-1913: An Anthology. Chosen
by Aelfrida Tillyard; with Introduction by Sir
Arthur Quiller-Couch. 12mo, 227 pages. Cam
bridge: W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
In the Heart of the Meadow, and Other Poems.
By Thomas O'Hagan; with Foreword by Justice
Longley, LL.D. 12mo, 45 pages. Toronto:
William Briggs. $1. net.
The Four Gates. By Edward F. Garesché, S.J.
12mo, 139 pages. New York: P. J. Kenedy &
Sons.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE,
The History of England: From the Accession of
James the Second. By Lord Macaulay; edited
by Charles Harding Firth, M.A. Volume II.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo. Macmillan
Co. $3.25 net.
The Plays and Poems of George Chapman: The
Comedies. Edited, with Introduction and Notes,
by Thomas Marc Parrott, Ph.D. 8vo, 911 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
Atta Troll. By Heinrich Heine; translated from
the German by Herman Scheffauer, with Intro-
duction by Oscar Levy and illustrations by
Willy Pogány. 16mo, 185 pages.
B. W.
Huebsch.
Loeb Classical Library. New volumes: Barlaam
and Ioasaph, by St. John Damascene, trans-
lated by G. R. Woodward, M.A., and H. Mat-
lingly, M.A.; Tacitus, translated by M. Hutton;
Plato, translated by H. N. Fowler. Each with
photogravure frontispiece, 16mo. Macmillan
Co. Per volume, $1.50 net.
The Great Galeoto. By José Echegaray; trans-
lated from the Spanish by Hannah Lynch, with
Introduction by Elizabeth R. Hunt. 12mo, 141
pages.
"Drama League Series of Plays."
Doubleday, Page & Co. 75 cts. net.
A Selection of Latin Verse. Edited by the In-
structors in Latin, Williams College. 12mo,
134 pages. Yale University Press. 75 cts. net.
Poems (1848-1870). By Charles Kingsley. With
portrait, 12mo, 348 pages. "Oxford Edition."
Oxford University Press.
The Golden Treasury of the Best Songs and Lyrical
Poems in the English Language. Selected and
arranged by Francis Turner Palgrave; with
additional poems, and with notes by C. B.
Wheeler. 16mo, 756 pages. Oxford University
Press.
The World's Classics. New volumes: Poems and
Translations, 1850-1870, by Dante Gabriel
Rossetti; The Defence of Guenevere, The Life
and Death of Jason, and Other Poems, by Wil.
liam Morris; Selected English Short Stories
(Nineteenth Century), with Introduction by
Hugh Walker, LL.D. Each 16mo. Oxford Uni-
versity Press.
FICTION.
What Will People Say? By Rupert Hughes. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 511 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
HISTORY.
The Rise of the American People: A Philosophical
Interpretation of American History. By Roland
G. Usher, Ph.D. 8vo, 413 pages. Century Co.
$2. net.
The Colonizing Activities of the English Puritans:
The Last Phase of the Elizabethan Struggle
with Spain. By Arthur Percival Newton; with
Introduction by Charles M. Andrews, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, 344 pages. Yale University Press.
$2.50 net.
The Early Wars of Wessex: Being Studies from
England's School of Arms in the West. By
Albany F. Major; edited by Charles W. Whistler.
With maps, 8vo, 238 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $3.50 net.
French Civilization in the Nineteenth Century: A
Historical Introduction. By Albert Léon Guérard.
8vo, 312 pages. Century Co. $3. net.
South Africa, 1486-1913, By A. Wyatt Tilby. 8vo,
632 pages.
"English People Overseas." Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Balkans: A Laboratory of History. By Wil-
liam M. Sloane. 8vo, 322 pages. Eaton
&
Mains. $1.50 net.
Semi-Centennial History of West Virginia. By
James Morton Callahan. Illustrated, large 8vo,
593
pages. Semi-Centennial Commission of
West Virginia.
GENERAL LITERATURE,
Vices in Virtues, and Other Vagaries. By the
author of "The Life of a Prig." 8vo, 96 pages.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.20 net.


394
[May 1
THE DIAL
The Last Shot. By Frederick Palmer. 12mo, 517
pages, Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.35 net.
Stories of Red Hanrahan. By William B. Yeats.
12mo, 231 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
World's End. By Amélie Rives (Princess Trou-
betzkoy). Illustrated, 12mo, 425 pages. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.30 net.
Vandover and the Brute. By Frank Norris. . 12mo,
354 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
Life Is a Dream. By Richard Curle. 12mo, 327
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
Idle · Wives. By James Oppenheim. 12mo, 426
pages. Century Co. $1.30 net.
The Forest Maiden, , By Lee Robinet. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 350 pages. Browne
& Howell Co. $1.25 net.
A Lady and Her Husband. By Amber Reeves. 12mo,
379 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
Peter Piper. By Doris Egerton Jones. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 342 pages. George
W. Jacobs & Co. $1.25 net.
The Professor and the Petticoat.
By
Alvin
Saunders Johnson. 12mo, 402 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.30 net.
Drum's House. By Ida Wild. 12mo, 340 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
Oh, Mr. Bidgood! A Nautical Comedy. By Peter
Blundell. 12mo, 340 pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
The Hoosier Volunteer. By Kate and Virgil D.
Boyles. Illustrated, 12mo, 389 pages. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
Katya By M. Franz de Jessen. 12mo, 407 pages.
John W. Luce Co. $1.40 net.
Little Lost Sister. By Virginia Brooks. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 363 pages. Chicago: Gazzolo
and Ricksen. $1.35 net.
The Secret Citadel. By Isabel C. Clarke. 12mo,
416 pages. Benziger Brothers. $1.35 net.
Bedesman 4. By Mary J. H. Skrine. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 284 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
The Amazing Adventures of Sophie Lyons; or, Why
Crime Does Not Pay. By Sophie Lyons. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 268 pages. J. S. Ogilvie Publish-
ing Co. Paper.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
North Africa and the Desert: Scenes and Moods.
By George E. Woodberry.. 8vo, 364 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
From the Congo to the Niger and the Nlle: An
Account of the German Central African Expe-
dition of 1910-1911. By Adolf Friedrich, Duke
of Mecklenburg. In 2 volumes; illustrated, 8vo.
John C. Winston Co. $9. net.
Italy in North Africa: An Account of the Tripoll
Enterprise. By W. K. McClure. Illustrated,
8vo, 328 pages. John C. Winston Co. $3. net.
Days in Attica. By Mrs. R. C. Bosanquet. Illus-
trated in color, etc., large 8vo, 348 pages.
Macmillan Co. $2. net.
The Real Mexico: A Study on the Spot.
By H.
Hamilton Fyfe. 12mo, 247 pages. McBride,
Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
From the Thames to the Netherlands: A Voyage
in the Waterway's of Zealand and Down the
Belgian Coast. Written and illustrated in color,
etc., by Charles Pears. 8vo, 211 pages.
Mac-
millan Co. $2. net.
The Real South Africa. By Ambrose Pratt; with
Introduction by Andrew Fisher, P.C. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 283
pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$2.50 net.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.
Greek and Roman Sculpture. By A. Furtwängler
and H. L Ulrichs; translated from the German
by Horace Taylor. Illustrated, large 8vo, 241
pages.
Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
New Guides to Old Masters. By John C. Van Dyke.
New volumes: London, National Gallery and
Wallace Collection; Paris, The Louvre. Each
with frontispiece, 16mo. Charles Scribner's
Sons.
Architecture and the Allied Arts. By Alfred M.
Brooks. Illustrated, large 8vo, 258 pages.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $3.50 net.
The Practical Book of Garden Architecture.
Phebe Westcott Humphreys. Illustrated in
color, etc., large 8vo, 330 pages. J. B. Lippin-
cott Co. $5. net.
By
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.–POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY,
AND ECONOMICS.
America and the Philippines. By Carl Crow. Il-
lustrated, 8vo, 287 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. $2. net.
Democracy and Race Friction. By John M. Meck-
lin, Ph.D. 8vo, 273 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
Prisons and Prisoners: Some Personal Experiences.
By Constance Lytton and Jane Warton. With
portraits, 12mo, 337 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1. net.
Women Workers in Seven Professions: A Survey
of Their Economic Conditions and Prospects.
Edited by Edith J. Morley. 8vo, 318 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co, $2. net.
The United States Federal Internal Tar History
from 1861 to 1871. By Harry Edwin Smith,
Ph.D. 8yo, 357 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.50 net.
The Cause of Business Depressions as Described
by an Analysis of the Basic Principles of
Economics. By Hugo Bilgram and Louis
Edward Levy. 8vo, 531 pages. J. B. Lippin-
cott Co. $2. net.
American Policy: The Western Hemisphere and
Its Relation to the Eastern. By John Bigelow.
12mo, 184 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1. net.
The Madras Presidency, with Mysore, Coorg, and
the Associated States. By Edgar Thurston.
Illustrated, 12mo, 293 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1. net.
The Small Family System; Is It Injurious or Im-
moral? By C. V. Drysdale. 12mo, 119 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
Regulation. By W. G. Barnard. 12mo, 124 pages.
Seattle: Regulation Publishing Co. $1. net.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY,
The Concept of Consciousness. By Edwin B. Holt.
Large 8vo, 343 pages. Macmillan Co. $3.25 net.
Psychology and Social Sanity. By Hugo Münster-
berg. 12mo, 320 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Psychology of Management: The Function
of the Mind in Determining, Teaching, and In-
stalling Methods of Least Waste. By L. M.
Gilbreth. 8vo, 344 pages. Sturgis & Walton
Co.
$2. net.
Dreams: An Explanation of the Mechanism of
Dreaming. By Henri Bergson; translated, with
Introduction, by Edwin E. Slosson. 12mo, 57
pages. B. W. Huebsch. 60 cts. net.
Mechanism, Life, and Personality: An Examination
of the Mechanistic Theory of Life and Mind.
By J. S. Haldane, LL.D. 12mo, 139 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1. net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Story of Phaedrus: How We Got the Greatest
Book in the World. By Newell Dwight Hillis.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 311 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.25 net.
The Church, the People, and the Age. Edited by
Robert Scott and George William Gilmore. Il-
lustrated, large 8vo, 571 pages. Funk & Wag-
nalls Co. $3. net.
University Sermons. By Henry Sloane Coffin. 12mo,
256 pages.
Yale University Press. $1.50 net.
The Influence of the Bible Civilisation. By
Ernest von Bobschütz, D.D. 12mo, 190 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Buddha and His Religion. By J. Barthélemy
Saint-Hilaire. 12mo, 384 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.25 net.
The Temple: A Book of Prayers. By W. E.
Orchard, D.D. 18mo, 165 pages. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1. net.
on


1914]
895
THE DIAL
Cours Francais du Lycée Perne: Première Partie.
Par L. C. von Glehn, M.A., L. Chouville, et Robe
Wells. 8vo. Cambridge: W. Hefter et Fils et Cie.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
Woman's Who's Who in America, A Biographical
Dictionary
of Contemporary Women of the
United States and Canada, 1914-1915. By John
William Leonard. Large 8vo, 961 pages. New
York: American Commonwealth Co.
The Club Woman's Handy book of Programs, and
Club Management. Compiled by Kate Louise
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the heights, they halted, demanding guaran-
Vol. LVI. MAY 16, 1914. No. 670.
ties, and got this uncompromising speech from
their leader:
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE CONSECRATED LIFE
403
“How long the war will last?
THE LANGUAGE OF THE UNLETTERED.
As long as life, till ye have cast
Percy F. Bicknell
405
All ye possess before the Lord,
CASUAL COMMENT
407
And slain the Spirit of Accord;
The literary activities of a great logician.-
Until your stiff will bend and bow,
Allusions, literary and other.— The disen-
And every coward scruple fall
chantment of nearness.— The prolific pen of
Before the bidding: Nought or All!
“Gath.”—The function of the platitude.-
What will you lose? Your gods abhorr'd,
A nest of singing birds.—The universal appeal
Your feasts to Mammon and the Lord,
of the story of “human interest.”—The cine-
The glittering bonds ye do not loathe
matographed novel.-A novelty in library serv-
And all the pillows of your sloth!
ice.-The sad fate of a book-scorner.- Intel-
ligent reading.-A bibliographical institute.
What will you gain? A will that's whole, -
COMMUNICATIONS
A soaring faith, a single soul,
411
The Function of the Fairy Tale. Anne Mack.
The willingness to lose, that gave
Fairy Tales and the Trained Imagination.
Itself rejoicing to the grave;
Charles Welsh.
A crown of thorns on every brow;
Luther's Use of the Pre-Lutheran Versions of
That is the wage you're earning now!
the Bible. Edward H. Lauer.
But it did not suit Ibsen's satirical purpose
THE STORY OF AN ACTIVE LIFE. Norman
Foerster
414 to endow his Norwegians with the heroic at-
THE REAL RESTORATION COMEDY. George tributes of the Italians who shed their blood
Roy Elliott
415
at Aspromonte; the former were of different
RACIAL RELATIONS OF EAST AND WEST.
Payson J. Treat .
418 stuff, and made terms with the powers against
FOLK-BALLADS OF SOUTHERN EUROPE, which they had revolted. Yet the call was in
Martha Hale Shackford
419 both cases the same a call to make the most
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 421
Jessen's Katya.— Stacpoole's Children of the
complete sacrifice of self in the interests of
Sea.- Jordan's Carmen and Mr. Dryasdust. a lofty impersonal ideal, and it is a call that
Locke's The Fortunate Youth. - Mundy's comes to most men at some time or other,
Rung Ho!- Miss Dell's The Rocks of Valpré.
Miss Dalrymple's Diane of the Green Van.
offering the choice between security and peril,
-Grey's The Light of Western Stars.— Eng between comfort and hardship, between sav-
land's Darkness and Dawn.
ing life to lose it, and losing it to save it, ac-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
425
cording to the aspect of the problem upon
Court life in Peking.-- Chips from a psychol-
ogist's workshop.--- Conquering Mt. McKin-
which the individual's eyes are set.
ley.-- The relations of architecture to history. In the eyes of the world, devotion to a
The life of an imperial misfit.- Beaumont
and his dramas.-- Recollections of a veteran
cause or sacrifice for it without the prospect
journalist.- King Edward the Great.- Some of reward is viewed as the act of a madman,
amusing bibliophilic adventures.--A fresh ob.
so entangled are most minds in the network
lation to the Genius Loci.- Diaries that
might have been.— The lesson of the seasons.
of sordid motives which seem to direct most
BRIEFER MENTION
431 human activities. And yet such disinterested
NOTES
432 endeavor is the very essence of the system
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
433 which gives the name of “Christian” to our
.
ION
O
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.
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.


404
[May 16
THE DIAL
modern civilization. “Die 'to live" is its than in the contents of his pay envelope. The
categorical imperative, as the children of work is the thing, and its reward only the ac-
light know by both instinct and precept, but cident; and yet we find the progress of most
the thought is a jest to the children of this industrial nations hampered by the purblind
world, with their frozen sympathies and their course of their workers, intent chiefly upon
dull self-interest. What does a man get by doing the smallest possible amount of work
closing his eyes to the obligation of unre that will suffice to keep them at their jobs.
quited service, which is the germinal principle And thus we find it in all the walks of life;
of every religious and ethical system. The the thought of the pay comes first, and the
whole world, perchance; but only at the loss quality of the performance is only secondary.
suggested in terrible and memorable words The preacher in his pulpit, the teacher at his
by the Founder of our official faith: “How desk, the writer in his study, the lawyer or
much do you think Homer got for his Iliad? the physician in his office, are each and all
Or Dante for his Paradise ?” is Ruskin's preoccupied with the thought of what their
scornful question. “Only bitter bread and
“Only bitter bread and labor is to bring them in material returns
salt, and going up and down other people's rather than with the conscious joy that comes
stairs.” The world calls it failure, because from doing things as they should be done.
the world is set on hedonism, and cannot see There are of course exceptions to this sweep-
that above the good which is called happiness ing condemnation — all sweeping statements
there is the purer good known to the poets about human nature have their exceptions —
and the saints and the knights of the spirit but the general attitude of men to their ap-
as blessedness. The material world is so very pointed labors is discouragingly apparent.
near and real to us, and the spiritual world Can it then be wondered that, with this un-
so dimly apprehended save by the vision wholesome temper of the general mind, life
"purged with euphrasy and rue." And yet, should seem dull and joyless to most men and
often enough for our example and sustaining women? Will they never learn that the one
comfort, individual lives shine out from the universal and unfailing spring of joy is in
murky welter of our common humanity as the exercise of the faculties to the fullest
beacons to light the pilgrim's path toward the effect and with the largest result. This is
Celestial City. A Father Damien, a Florence equally true of the statesman and the brick-
Nightingale, a Mazzini, a William Lloyd Gar-layer, and either will miss the meaning of
rison, lives and dies from time to time in the life if satisfaction in the material returns
service of mankind, and leaves an example to from his labors fills a larger place in his con-
refute the cynical view of human nature. sciousness than pride in the amount and qual-
One of the most disheartening features of ity of his achievement.
our modern life is the tendency, on the part Out of the East comes wisdom. And the
of public servants, to reduce their relations processes of the Oriental mind have always
with the community to a basis of dollars and been such as to make that mind peculiarly
cents. In voting themselves salaries, the mem fitted to deal with the larger abstractions
bers of the English House of Commons have which concern thought and conduct. Writing
immeasurably lowered the standards of public in “The Hibbert Journal,” the great Indian
life, and in the greed with which Ameri- poet Rabindranath Tagore thus reduces to
can officials performing legislative functions their last analysis the reflections which we
almost everywhere filch as much as they dare
have sought to set forth more or less con-
from the public treasury we have a signifi. cretely:
cant example of the blighting influence of the “When a man begins to have an extended vision
money motive. For in such cases as these the
of his self, when he realizes that he is much more
than what he is at present, he begins to grow con-
opportunity for service is everything, and the
scious of his moral nature. Then he knows that
personal reward should count for less than
what he is yet to be, the state not yet experienced
nothing to persons who would keep their by him, is real, more real than what is under his
patriotism free from suspicion. Even the direct experience. Necessarily, his perspective of
daily worker, dependent upon his wages for
life changes, and his will takes the place of his
wishes. For will is the wish of the larger life, life
support, should find his chief satisfaction in
whose greater portion is out of our present reach
performing the most work possible, and of the and most of whose objects are not before our sight.
best quality of which he is capable, rather Then comes the conflict of our lesser man with our


1914)
405
THE DIAL
greater man, our wish with our will, the desire for ied correctness and self-conscious refinement
things that are before our senses with our purpose of cultured utterance. In the mouths of the
which is within our mind. Then we begin to dis- | plain people, of those concerned much more
tinguish between what we desire and what is good.
with the vivid and often grim realities of life
For good is that which is desirable for our greater
than with the literature and philosophy based
self. Thus the sense of the goodness comes out of
the truer view of our life, which is the connected
upon those realities, words seem somehow to
view of the wholeness of the field of life, that takes
be very like living and breathing things, not
into account not only what is present before us, but the lifeless symbols, the intrinsically valueless
what is not, and perhaps never shall be. The man counters of thought, that they tend to become
who is provident feels for that life of his which is in the speech and writing of the intellectual
not yet existent, feels much more for that than for aristocracy.
the life that is with him; therefore he is ready to
To a person with vigor and spontaneity
sacrifice his present inclination for the unrealized
future. In this he becomes great, for he realizes
unimpaired by meditation and introspection,
truth. Even to be efficiently selfish one has to recog-
words are, in a sense, the very things they
nize this truth, and has to curb his immediate im stand for, and the application of a new name
pulses of selfishness; in other words, he must be to a familiar object seems a gross absurdity,
moral. For our moral faculty is the faculty by while the possibility that the same things may
which we know that life is not made up of frag not have the same names the world over is
ments purposeless and discontinuous.”
hardly conceivable. A certain woman of little
“To distinguish between what we desire education, on being told by one versed in for-
and what is good.” This seems to be the eign tongues that bread in Germany is called
innermost secret of life. It is the secret ap Brot, in France pain, and in Italy pane,
prehended of the saints and sages and poets, laughed as a child might at the manifest
the secret which is revealed through sympathy absurdity of such a notion. "For it is really
and the philosophic understanding, the secret bread, you know,” she insisted, unable to im
displayed as in an open book by the human
agine its existence under any other designa-
tion, and filled with an amused contempt for
heart and by the aspects of nature, the secret
people so wrong-headed as not to call things
which, fathomed by Wordsworth, created in
by their right names. Popular intolerance of
him that precious mood of exaltation in which
strange or obsolete words is illustrated by
he could say :
" To the brim
Mr. Logan Pearsall Smith in the course of a
My heart was full; I made no vows, but vows
recent article on dialect terms in “The Eng-
Were then made for me; bond unknown to me
lish Review.” Why in one's particular social
Was given, that I should be, else sinning greatly,
circle one is not suffered to use words and ex-
A dedicated Spirit.”
pressions perfectly proper in themselves, but
not of the prevailing mode, is somewhat of a
There is no sphere or activity of life that
mystery. "The fact remains, however,” says,
does not have the need, and offer the oppor-
the writer, “that with the best will in the
tunity, for dedicated spirits. Theirs it is to world we can not speak of biding in the house,
have the only consciousness that has no touch of delving in the garden, or of slaying pheas-
of bitterness, to know the only joy that is ants; indeed, anyone who should make the
pure. “Men have such need of joy," is the attempt would be likely to share the embar-
cry of another poet, “but joy whose grounds rassment of the would-be sportswoman, who
are true.” Yet it can never come into the exclaimed in the hunting field: What a beau-
lives of men who have not penetrated the
tiful leap!' and found it as well to leave the
thought expressed by our Indian sage.
neighborhood soon afterwards.” Perhaps she
was from America, where her exclamation
would have excited no more comment than it
THE LANGUAGE OF THE
would have in the England of Dryden's day.
UNLETTERED,
In like manner, a request in an English restau-
rant for rare instead of underdone roast beef
Dialectic regeneration is said to be the cry would probably bring upon one the ridicule of
ing need at present of our effete and anæmic the waiter, whereas in this country the adjec-
language, and the attempt to restore to it tive in the sense here indicated is in current
some of the vigorous and racy words and ex use. It is, by the way, a good old Anglo-Saxon
pressions of a ruder age is not to be frowned word, anciently written hrere, and not to be
upon. There is something about the unaffect confused with the Latin rarus, which has given
edness, the directness, the rugged strength and us rare in another sense. A number of what
artless picturesqueness of untutored speech are now good and generally accepted terms,
that refreshes the ear wearied with the stud raised by common consent above the grade of


406
(May 16
THE DIAL
32
uncouth colloquialisms, are cited by Mr. Smith the philologist and the grammarian. The lan-
as stigmatized by Johnson with the condemna guage specialist merely digs and quarries, as it
tory adjective "low." Clever (Anglo-Saxon were, in the bare soil and rock, where he finds
gleawferhdh), fun, and stingy were thus rich ores amply sufficient to repay his pains
grudgingly admitted by the great lexicog- and toil, but there remains plenty of room for
rapher to a place in his dictionary, while fad, the rest of us who are less laboriously inclined,
fogy, dawdle, and nag were altogether ex and at every turn are enticing paths. The real
cluded. But, as Johnson himself acknowl charm lies in the fact that it is a 'faire felde
edges, “no word is naturally or intrinsically ful of folke,' natural, homely, witty folk.” It
meaner than another; our opinion therefore is into some of these enticing paths that we are
of words, as of other things arbitrarily and here venturing to stray for a brief space.
capriciously established, depends wholly upon In an early chapter it chances that Mrs.
accident and custom.
Wright discusses the word rare, mentioned
A writer in the London “Nation" of recent above, in the sense of half-cooked, evidently
date deplores the disuse of the word tempest considering it obsolete or provincial at the
in polite speech. “The country people every-
present time. Like many another good old
where,” he says, “still speak of a storm as 'a English word dropped by our trans-Atlantic
tempest.' Above a certain level of 'culture' cousins but retained by us, rare is in good use
the word has become obsolete. But what a glo with speakers and writers of this country, so
rious word it is !” Rather should he have ex that we can read our Dryden with no sense of
claimed, What a glorious word storm is! It is encountering an archaism in the lines :
genuine English, akin to the German Sturm, “ New laid eggs, with Baucis' busy care,
and connected with the old French estor (bus Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted rare."
tle, noise, fight), as also with our verb stir; The same word, somewhat differently spelled
whereas tempest is a Latin word (tempestas) and pronounced, but with a meaning suffi-
derived ultimately from tempus (compare the ciently cognate to assure one that it is the same
Greek temnein, to cut), and so meaning merely word, is found in Gay's lines, quoted by Mrs.
a section of time, a season, weather,— a feeble Wright:
and colorless word compared with storm. “O'er yonder hill does scant the dawn appear,
Monosyllables are always likely to be better Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear?
and stronger words than their longer syno In the same chapter she calls attention to the
nyms. Curiously enough, moreover, in Amer-
word piping (as in piping hot), and considers
ica the use of the word tempest would indicate it a dialect word, and in common use. It is, of
superior culture in the speaker rather than the
course, one of the thousands of homely and
reverse.
expressive terms that we call, for lack of a
An excellent book, full and scholarly, on simpler adjective, onomatopoetic-expressing
“Rustic Speech and Folk-Lore” has lately ap their sense by their sound. The bubbling noise
peared from the pen of Mrs. Joseph Wright, of boiling water is supposed to be suggested by
helpmate of the well-known Oxford philolo the word. Milton uses it figuratively in speak-
gist who has given us the “English Dialect ing of “the book of Santa Clara, the popish
Dictionary.” In the opening of her preface priest, in defense of bishops which came out
she remarks: ‘Among common errors still piping hot”; and Chaucer has it in a literal
persisting in the minds of educated people, sense in the line,“And wafres pyping hote out
one error which dies very hard is the theory of the glede," where another good old word,
that a dialect is an arbitrary distortion of the glede (a glowing coal) is less familiar to mod-
mother tongue, a wilful mispronunciation of ern readers. Other self-defining dialect terms
the sounds, and disregard of the syntax of a cited by Mrs. Wright are cappernishious,
standard language. This misconception is crumpsy, frabby, glumpy (“If he's glumpy,
the counterpart of that of the unlettered per let him glump'), muggaty, perjinkety, snip-
son who, with greater reason, regards "book pety. A quarrelsome person engaged in heated
talk” as the arbitrary and foolish creation of debate may fittingly be addressed by his oppo-
the educated. Obviously the departure from nent, “You nasty, brabagious creature!” A
the natural and the spontaneous is on the side fine, mouth-filling, anger-relieving adjective in
of the cultured speaker of a standardized lan- such a situation in America would not improb-
guage, not on that of the rustic who expresses ably be rambunctious; and the somewhat sim-
himself in his local dialect. Toward the close ilar word rampagious (compare on the ram-
of her preface, Mrs. Wright, disclaiming any page) is also pressed into use in moments of
intention to pose as a specialist in linguistics, wrath.
says: “But the field of English dialects offers Amusing to the educated listener is the sim-
other allurements besides those which attract | ple rustic when out of his proper linguistic


1914)
407
THE DIAL
element and trying to express himself in the by any one who chose to array against it the
language of that listener. His lapse into what convincing mass of evidence which proves
have been called Malapropisms is frequent. Shakespeare's intimate acquaintance with the
There comes to mind the utterance of a person Warwickshire dialect. Numbers of the words
oppressed by the warm dampness of the which Shakespeare used, and which we have
weather — "There is so much humility in the since lost, still exist in his native county, and
atmosphere”; and the elegant variant used in the other counties bordering on Warwick-
by another for bachelor, bacheldor. Mrs. shire. Some of them were at that date part
Wright tells of a farmer who, on being asked and parcel of the standard vocabulary, and
if he would clean out a pond, replied: “No, might be put by Shakespeare into the mouths
sir, I can't undertake the job; there's a sight of his highest personages; others again must
of sentiment in that there pit,” meaning sedi even then have been regarded by him as dia-
ment. Again, her old nurse, having engaged lect, and natural only to the speech of lower
in chicken-raising in her later years, spoke of folk." Then follow instances from the plays.
collecting a "sitting” of a certain kind of
Dialect is, obviously, not a plant that thrives
eggs because she hoped to get from them “a under cultivation; and no man likes to use his
profligate hatch,” that is, a prolific hatch. native Doric just for the sake of having it
This is equalled by the young girl received as studied with amused interest by the visiting
a probationer in the parochial guild and philologist. Rich and rare dialect words must
proudly announcing that she was “took in as be caught on the wing, and the best way to
a reprobate." Unction and unctioneer are catch them is to appear not to be stretching
cited by Mrs. Wright as sometimes used for one's ears out for them. Those who have the
auction and auctioneer; and a man crossed in knack of gathering them into their net, and
love in his youth was said to have been "a can help to introduce some of the best of them
woman-atheist ever since."
into our standard language, render a service
Among local peculiarities of speech, the to speakers and writers, to listeners and read-
same writer notes the chariness with which ers.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
proper names are used in address in southern
England, the pronoun you sufficing even be-
tween intimate friends, whereas in the North
CASUAL COMMENT.
one's remarks are freely interspersed with
“Mr. Smith” or “Mrs. Jones," in speaking to THE LITERARY ACTIVITIES OF A GREAT LOGI-
a mere acquaintance, and with “John" or CIAN might be expected to range not far be-
“Mary” in addressing a friend; and the use yond the field of formal logic. Too great
of the baptismal name, instead of the formal attention to the machinery of reasoning dead-
Mr. or Mrs. or Miss So-and-so, is noticeably ens the creative faculty. Yet the late Charles
more frequent in the northern than in the Santiago Sanders Peirce— his death last
southern counties. In our own country this month in his mountain cabin at Milford, Pa.,
disinclination to make free use of personal has received too little notice — showed him-
names is often observed in a curious unwilling- self to be a thinker and writer of marked
ness on the part of married persons in the originality and a wide range of interests.
rural districts to refer to their wives or hus- From his father, Professor Benjamin Peirce
bands by any more specific designation than he of Harvard, one of the leading mathematicians
or she, him or her, as if the taking of the mar of his time, he seems to have inherited a de-
riage vows rendered unthinkable and therefore cided fondness for mathematics, a branch of
virtually non-existent any extra-conjugal he science to which he made some notable con-
or she. A not dissimilar dodging of the issue tributions. But it was to woo his first love,
was noted in a certain timid gentleman re the theory and art of reasoning, that he re-
ported to us, who, it was said, when he at last tired to the solitudes of Pike County, Pennsyl.
fell a victim to the enticements of an enterpris- vania, in 1887, at the age of forty-eight; and
ing widow - we will call her Mrs. Judkins - from then to the time of his death his life of
never got over the habit of calling her “Mrs. learned seclusion and miscellaneous literary
Judkins,” both to her face and behind her industry was but little interrupted, though he
back, despite the fact of her sharing his bed
was tempted forth to lecture at Harvard (his
and board.
alma mater) in 1903, and to deliver a course
Referring to the dialect of Warwickshire, of Lowell Institute lectures in the winter of
Mrs. Wright makes the following significant 1903-4. A treatise entitled "Photometric Re-
assertion: “The Shakespeare-Bacon theory, searches” was his first important published
if not too dead and gone to be worth further work, followed by less elaborate studies in
combat, could easily be completely overthrown | optics, astronomy, gravitation, the color sense,


408
( May 16
THE DIAL
tism.'
azine."
map-projection, chemistry, engineering, meta- of martyrs — Wilson and Roosevelt," "A
physics, mathematics, early English pronun fleet is a group of fish,” and “A star shoots,
ciation, library cataloguing, the history of while a planet doesn't.” Well, we all live in
science, and, not least of all, logic. He ed glass houses, and it is not the present intention
ited, with considerable additions, "Studies in to throw stones. Possibly this amusement
Logic,” by members of the Johns Hopkins might have been indulged in with impunity
University, and “Linear Associative Alge by Felix Berol, “the man with three hundred
bra,” by his father. He contributed largely thousand facts in his head," but he has just
to the “Century Dictionary," to Baldwin's died, and we can think of no one to take his
“Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, place as a memory expert.
and to a number of encyclopædias. But per-
haps the most memorable of his achievements
THE DISENCHANTMENT OF NEARNESS often
was his early formulation of the philosophical plays sad havoc with our fond preconceptions
principles now so widely known as “pragma- 1 of noted authors as, indeed, of noted men
The name itself is his own, and Wil- and women in whatever walk of life. Genuine
liam James made due acknowledgment of worth, of course, never suffers loss from any
indebtedness to him. It is said that the ref. degree of proximity; rather the reverse. But,
erence library collected by Peirce in his rural
not to indulge in too many preliminary plati-
retreat was among the most complete in exis- tudes, let us quote a paragraph from Madame
tence on the subjects with which it dealt. A de Hegermann-Lindéncrone's current instal-
greater passion for learning, especially ab-
ment of reminiscences in “Harper's Mag-
stract learning, for its own sake, has seldom
In a letter written at Rome in
been cherished than by this secluded scholar. February, 1881, she says: "The celebrated
Ibsen honored this feast (a dinner and ball
ALLUSIONS, LITERARY AND OTHER, are often given by the Scandinavian Club] with his
made a test, and a sufficiently severe one, of presence, and especially honored the Chianti
a young person's general information. As
and Genzano wines, which were served copi-
already noted by us, there has been compiled ously in fiascos. When you see Ibsen, with
by the Detroit High School librarian a list of his lion face and tangle of hair, for the first
eight hundred and thirty-seven "Allusions time, you are fascinated by him, knowing what
Which Every High School Student Should
a genius he is, but when you talk with him,
Know"'; and a casual turning of the pages
and feel his piercing, critical eyes looking at
brings to light not a few allusions that even
you from under his bushy brows, and see his
a college professor might not like to be exam-
cruel, satirical smile, you are a little preju-
diced against him. We meet him often at our
ined on without warning. Some of these not
friend Ross's studio at afternoon teas, where
too easy allusions are, for example, Maha-
there is always a little music. Ibsen sits sul-
bharata, Hippolyta, Gari Melchers, Loki, len, silent, and indifferent. He does not like
Frigga, Fidei Defensor, Procrustes, nebu-
lar hypothesis, Missouri Compromise, Night is not, as you may imagine, inspiring to the
music, and does not disguise his dislike. This
Watch, Land of Goshen, Cry of the Children, performers. In fact, just to look at him takes
Baptistry of San Giovanni, and the Bay Psalm
all the life out of you. He is a veritable wet
Book. A perusal of the entire list must bring blanket. I have read all his works in the orig-
to almost any reader a renewed sense of the
inal. I think they lose a great deal in being
variety and extent of his ignorance. In this
translated. The Norwegian language is very
day and generation it is difficult to know even
curt and concise, each word conveying almost
a little of everything. At a recent examina- the meaning of two in English, which enables
tion in the Baltimore High School, an amusing the author to paint a whole situation in a few
but not surprising lack of information on cer-
words. I can see the difference, in reading
tain current topics of interest was revealed.
the English translations, and where they fail
Concerning Ulster one pupil wrote: “Ulster
to convey his real meaning. Strangers who
is a great artist,” while another was of opin- wish to see Ibsen must go to the cheap Italian
ion that “Ulster is concerned in the oyster restaurant, ‘Falcone,' where he sits before a
fight.” The name of a famous military char-
small iron table, eating deviled devil-fish.
acter in an adjoining country brought forth
No wonder that he is morbid and his plays
the following: “General Villa is a summer weird!”
home,” and on the subject of disarmament
it was affirmed that “disarmament is the proc THE PROLIFIC PEN OF “Gata,” after giving
ess of disrobing." Other original replies were to the world a greater quantity and variety
these: “Franklin's autobiography was writ of reading-matter than it often falls to one
ten by George Washington,” “Good examples man to produce, is now at rest. Indeed, for


1914]
409
THE DIAL
as
more than a dozen years preceding his recent filler. In print the need is far less, for the
death at the age of seventy-three George reader can suspend his reading as often and
Alfred Townsend had ceased to add to his as long as he chooses; but even here the
long list of writings — had perhaps lost the usefulness of the platitude could be demon-
power to interpret the events of the times as strated. In view of the near approach of our
he once so acceptably did interpret them. He annual library conference, the following ex-
was born at Georgetown, Delaware, Jan. 30, tract from the facetious Mr. Pearson's latest
1841, and entered journalism at nineteen, contribution to the gaiety of nations, “The
upon his graduation from the high school in Secret Book” (more formally noticed on
Philadelphia. The “Inquirer” and later the another page), may be not untimely. It is
“Press” of that city gave him a chance to see the Librarian who speaks, or writes (he is
what he could do as a news-writer; but in a preparing an address with which to electrify
short time he secured a place as war corre the Buncombe County Library Club at its
spondent on the New York “Herald.” In a next meeting). “ 'The public library is an
few months, however, his restless spirit drove integral part of public education,' I dictated.
him to England, where he wrote for Ameri- Then I paused, and addressed Miss Sims, my
can and English periodicals and lectured on stenographer. "That's rather neat, I think?
the great conflict whose events he had so re She bit her pencil, doubtfully. 'Seems to me
cently been reporting. In 1864-5 he acted I've heard it before, somewhere,' she sug-
war correspondent for the New York gested. 'I should hope so! You wouldn't
“World” and gained considerable fame as have me make a new and original statement
a descriptive writer under the pen name at a meeting of librarians, would you! That
“Gath. For the same journal he wrote de would never do! Part of them would de-
scriptive articles on the Austro-Prussian War nounce me as flippant, and the rest — the
of 1866. Soon afterward we find him engaged library magazines, for instance — would refer
in the daily dictation of those long letters, condescendingly to what I said as “clever,”
from two to four columns each, which ap which means “smart but shallow.” The great
peared simultaneously in the Chicago “ Trib art of a library meeting speech,' I continued,
une,
" the Cincinnati “Enquirer,” and many ‘is to utter as many solemn platitudes as
other journals, under his widely-known pseu possible with a very solemn face. It is
donym. But in the midst of this extraordi- always sure to be called both “scholarly'' and
nary productivity as a journalist he found sound."" Without the plenteous plati-
time for more ambitious literary undertakings, tude how would our educators and our social
and he is known as the author of lives of Gari- workers, our politicians and our publicists
baldi, Lincoln, and Levi P. Morton, of two vol generally, our reformers and our men and
umes of poems and two novels, “The Entailed women of light and leading in every depart-
Hat” and “Katy of Catoctin." He also wrote ment of human progress, be able to conduct
“Campaigns of a Non-Combatant,” “The their conventions ?
New World Compared with the Old,” “The
Bohemians” play), “Lost Abroad,” A NEST OF SINGING BIRDS seems to have estab-
“Washington Outside and Inside,” “Wash- lished itself in Devonshire Street, London,
ington Rebuilded,” “Tales of the Chesa- | where Mr. Harold Monro maintains his Poetry
peake," "Tales of Gapland," "Columbus in
“Columbus in Bookshop, already noticed by us.
The place
Love," and more besides. If he did not write has become a rendezvous for poetry-lovers,
books that will live, he at least wrote books and in an adjacent out-house, whitewashed
and articles that enabled him to live in com and provided with chairs, semi-weekly read-
fort if not in luxury to the end of his life. ings of poetry by the poets themselves are con-
ducted. Over the shop are half a dozen
bedrooms occupied by young men who assist
THE FUNCTION OF THE PLATITUDE is one not
Mr. Monro in his work and are themselves not
to be despised. A Fourth-of-July oration, a
political harangue, an after-dinner speech, or
unknown in the world of poetry. The presid-
a baccalaureate sermon, composed entirely of
ing genius of the place is, of course, himself
a poet; and he is also a critic of poetry and
new and original matter, would be as difficult
to follow with intelligence and appreciation Drama."
editor of the excellent quarterly, “Poetry and
He is described as an alert, sensi-
as would a supper of caviare, curry, and cay- ble, progressive, and capable person, about
enne pepper be impossible of digestion. Both thirty years of age, and filled with a desire to
speaker and hearer need a short rest between do some good to mankind in his chosen calling.
each two pregnant and pithy utterances, but a One detail of his work that is interesting
dead pause would be embarrassing; hence the him especially at present is the perfecting of
indispensability of the platitude as a space some scheme whereby the poetry-readings
(a


410
(May 16
THE DIAL
mentioned above may suffer less from the of unscrupulous producers of moving pictures
bashfulness, the affectation, the poor elocu- is giving annoyance to authors and play-
tion, or some other defect, in the reader. Anwrights, and a test case is soon to be carried
arrangement of the desk in such a position as into the English courts. If an adverse deci-
to hide the reader and yet not intercept the sion is rendered, remedial legislation will be
sound of his voice is under consideration. But asked for. To a reflective on-looker the whole
better than this, he thinks, would be the organ- matter is interesting as a development in the
izing of a company of trained rhapsodists or literary-theatrical world that could not have
elocutionists, with a true feeling for poetry, been dreamt of twenty years ago. The drama-
to take the place of the author-readers them- tized novel and the novelized drama, compara-
selves, who are so often least capable of ren tively recent creations that are still in some
dering effectively what they have so admirably quarters looked upon as hybrids with no legiti-
written.
mate claim to recognition in either the dra-
matic or the literary world, have nevertheless
THE UNIVERSAL APPEAL OF THE STORY OF secured for themselves a certain standing, and
"HUMAN INTEREST" is something that one
will have to be reckoned with in the future.
likes to believe in, on psychological and other The photo-play, too, is another manifestation
grounds. The editor of one of our most widely- that has already ceased to be a novelty and
circulated monthly magazines became early made a place for itself that is not without
convinced that what interested readers in one promise of permanence. But the cinemato-
part of the country would interest readers in graphed novel is distinctly of the new century,
all parts of the country; and considering him and its possibilities are not yet exhausted.
self a good example of “the average reader,
Shall we ere long witness the appearance of
he published the stories that he liked and re its complement, or logical successor, the “nov-
jected those for which he had no relish. His elized cinema''?
method, judged by visible results, seems to
have justified itself. Disconcerting, therefore, A NOVELTY IN LIBRARY SERVICE is advocated
is it to find another rather competent author- by the Hon. Joseph P. Tracy, Commissioner
ity in these matters giving evidence directly of Commerce and Manufactures of Leth-
opposed to this editor's testimony. Miss Eva bridge, Alberta. With a zeal worthy of a less
L. Bascom, member of the Wisconsin Library unwise and impracticable scheme he urges the
Commission, and head of the Book Selection substitution of a postal library for the present
and Study Club Department of that commis- public library system. Every post-office would
sion, says in an article published in the cur be a branch library, with a supply of books
rent "Iowa Library Quarterly”: “I do not equal in number to the population of the town
have to tell you that all good novels are not in which it is situated; and a fee of two cents
suited to all communities, that many excellent a week for each book drawn (by mail) would,
authors find few readers in some localities. it is expected, pay the expense of the new
I know a small town where books are more service. " Existing book-collections in public
popular than bridge, yet Arnold Bennett's libraries “could be absorbed into the postal
stories are fixtures on the shelves while De library at their actual value. The real estate
Morgan's are never in.” Of course it is easy can be converted to other uses without loss,”
enough to point to factory villages where and — let the tax-payer take note and rejoice
George Meredith and Mr. Henry James would -"grants by cities, provinces, etc., to main-
be sure to find fewer readers than Bertha M. tain such public libraries will no longer be
Clay and "the Duchess”; but why the same necessary. Instead of going to the library to
community should be eager readers of "Alice- make his own researches, the student would
for-Short” and wholly indifferent to “The write to the postmaster, and he or an assistant
Old Wives' Tale,” is not so easy to under- engaged for such work would furnish the de-
stand.
sired information (or try to) for a fee of fifty
cents per hour for the time spent in obtaining
THE CINEMATOGRAPHED NOVEL, following it. And best of all, or next best to the saving
hard on the heels of the dramatized novel, of expense by the abolition of library build-
seems destined to enjoy an even greater meas ings, 'there will be no waste of time in con-
ure of popular success. Mr. Clement K. versation (between librarian and patron)."
Shorter tells of a certain London publishing Personal intercourse would be entirely elim-
house that last year did a more profitable busi- inated, the post-office machinery would auto-
ness in selling moving-picture rights in some matically respond to every demand as soon
of its works of fiction than in its proper field as one dropped the properly stamped card
of publishing. Meanwhile the unauthorized through the slot of the letter-box, and the
use of novel-titles and play-titles on the part l economy and efficiency of the system would


1914]
411
THE DIAL
excite universal admiration. For further de- | in his hearing that pupils ought to be taught
tails write to Mr. Tracy and ask him for a to read Greek "like English.” On the con-
copy of his printed prospectus of this mar trary, he maintained, they would profit far
vellous impending development of the library more if they could be made to read English
idea.
like Greek. Slipshod reading goes hand in
THE SAD FATE OF A BOOK-SCORNER is vividly
hand with, and is one of the chief causes of,
set forth in rhyme on the final page of the slipshod writing.
Gary Public Library's annual Report. Abim-
elech Easterley was the name of this misguided
A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE for this coun-
person who was destined always to toil in the try, similar to the Brussels International
rear, too busy to reach for the help that was
Institute of Bibliography and the Paris Asso-
near.
Librarians might do worse than to
ciation for Scientific, Industrial, and Commer-
commend their literary wares to the public cial Bibliography and Documentation, has
in such stanzas as those before us, the last two long been advocated by Mr. Aksel G. S.
of which, whatever else they may lack, show Josephson, of the John Crerar Library; and
no wavering or uncertainty in the rhythm of now at least the beginning of some such use-
their anapæsts, which run thus trippingly on
ful institution has taken shape in the Index
the tongue:
Office started by Mr. Josephson in coöperation
“An hour with a book would have brought to McPike, Mr. Edward L. Burchard, and Mr.
with Dr. Bayard Holmes, Mr. Eugene F.
his mind
The secret that took him a whole year to find.
Carl B. Roden. It is “established in the in-
The facts that he learned at enormous ex-
terest of science, industry and commerce, as
a Reference Bureau and Intermediary be-
penso
Were all on a Library shelf to commence.
tween libraries and the public, to collect and
Alas! for our hero; too busy to read,
supply bibliographical and other information,
He was also too busy, it proved, to succeed.
also to plan, organize and conduct special
libraries. All sorts of work entailing special
“We may win without credit or backing or
research, and even the supplying of transla-
style,
tions and abstracts, and of photographic re-
We may win without energy, skill, or a smile, productions of written and printed matter, as
Without patience or aptitude, purpose or
well as the making of indexes, are to receive
wit
the attention of the Index Office. Mr. Joseph-
We may even succeed if we're lacking in
son is its secretary, Mr. McPike its treasurer,
grit;
and its address is 31 W. Lake Street, Chicago.
But take it from me as a mighty safe hint
A civilized man cannot win without print.
COMMUNICATIONS.
INTELLIGENT READING is supposed to be THE FUNCTION OF THE FAIRY TALE.
taught in the first years at school; but that
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
it is not always and everywhere thus taught The defense of Grimm's Fairy Tales, in your
may be inferred from the fact that at Oberlin
issue of April 16, pleased me more than anything
College, where for the past three years a I have seen for a long time. It has always been
searching investigation of that institution's my deep conviction that the child from whom these
methods of instruction has been carried on, stories are withheld is forever cheated of a price-
provision has just been made for teaching the
less treasure.
For the stories must be read in
student a thorough mastery of the printed childhood; the deficiency cannot be remedied by
page. Reading that is at once close, careful, reading them in maturity. They must grow in our
minds with our minds. I should not want - I
critical, rapid, and retentive, is an accom-
should not dare - to read them now, for fear of
plishment not to be despised; and it is not
destroying the illusion that still hangs over them.
promoted by the daily skimming of the yel. Perhaps that is what is the matter with teachers
low press, or even by the periodical cramming and parents who lean toward the insipid modern
for college examinations. Probably no drill fairy tale.
in the art of intelligent reading, and in the There were two reasons why I first took to those
appreciation of a logical and lucid presenta- legends which, I understand, were not written by
tion of the writer's thought, can compare with
the Brothers Grimm at all but were merely col-
that which is gained in an early study of the
lected by them - mostly from an old woman who
knew a hundred." Those reasons are that the
Greek and Latin classics, under efficient guid-
tales were forbidden, and that the book containing
ance. It is told of a certain Greek professor
them had a beautiful red cover. It came into the
of the old school that he was wont to grow house, for me, at Christmastime, and I bless the
indignant whenever the suggestion was made aunt who sent it, but through the rigid censor-


412
(May 16
THE DIAL
ship of Santa Claus it was hidden away and I tion that makes the word “unswerving" seem pale
didn't discover its hiding-place until summer.
I and weak indeed. I am not saying that children
must then have been between nine and ten. How soak up these virtues like little sponges. They
old I was when I stopped reading that book I don't,- neither from Grimm's fairy tales nor
don't know - twelve, probably, when the remains from the Bible. The best we can do is throw into
of the worn volume went up in our fire." It their way every influence against unseeing eyes
didn't matter,— I knew it all by heart.
and an unfeeling heart,- as examples of which
Their horrors, as I recall them now,
were not
influences the two books just named stand out pre-
horrors to me then. I felt never a shiver when the eminently.
robber's luckless bride, hiding behind the chest,
It will be hard work to
“ dismiss
Grimm's
saw the finger of another poor girl chopped off to fairy tales, even “ charitably,” because in their
get her ring, when the miller was forced to cut
fundamental essentials they are grippingly real;
off the hands of his own child, or when a witch was tinged with cruelty often, and sometimes wryly
impaled upon some torture. There was nothing humorous; yet with other passages full of the
for me but wide-eyed wonder, palpitating enthrall | dignity and beauty of life. It is the combination
ment, breathless expectancy. What would happen of underlying reality, fascinating strangeness, and
next? It was always something less harsh. haze of romance and ideality that makes them
Considered from whatever viewpoint, they are
deathless.
ANNE MACK.
marvellous things, those tales; and their greatest Chicago, May 7, 1914.
value lies in the fact that they' teach the child that
he can withdraw into a world of his own, that FAIRY TALES AND THE TRAINED
there is some escape from the humdrum world
IMAGINATION.
about him.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Just because they are so foreign to all rhyme or
Every now and again objections are raised, on
reason in the order of his own existence, they are
infinitely more effective than the wishy-washy sub-
some ground or another, to some of the classic
terfuge of “fairyizing" objects with which the
nursery rhymes and fairy tales, but none of the
child is perfectly familiar, or of inventing unin-
objectors appear to be able to offer satisfactory
spired and wholly artificial creatures.
material that can really take the place of this liter-
In such
ature in children's reading.
stories he cannot possibly lose himself as he does
Nearly thirteen years ago I took up the cudgels
in Grimm; nor do they contain half the invitation
to explore other fields of literature.
in your columns on behalf of these rhymes and
fairy tales, in an article entitled “ The Right Read-
You quote Professor Neilson's objection that the
Grimm stories hold a pronounced suggestion of
ing for Very Young Children.” What I said then
was based upon years of careful observation of
revenge. The passion for “getting even
children, and subsequent experience has not served
of the most elemental of childish traits,- and one
to change the views I then expressed.
of the most spontaneous. Nearly all normal and
The note in your issue of April 16 on Professor
lively children will “go the limit” in that direc William A. Neilson's plea for the discarding of the
tion, regardless of what literary food they are fed
tales by the brothers Grimm is thoroughly in ac-
on. Besides, the professor seems to overlook the
cordance with what I believe is the experience of
fact that often and often the tables were turned
most of us who have taken the pains to study chil-
on the revenge-seeker,- a proceeding with which dren and the effect of fairy tales upon them,
most normal and lively children are well ac-
rather than to study fairy tales and predict the
quainted. On the other hand, why should he ob-
effects that it is supposed will follow from the
ject when wrong is righteously avenged ?
reading of them by children.
We learn many things in childhood that we have There is, so far as I can discover, no other ma-
to outgrow, or which are even transmuted with terial that so well lays the foundation of a trained
age. All unconsciously to him at the time, Grimm's imagination in the child as this sort of literature,
stories equip the child with a mine of facts about for these stories deal with the crude things, the
life in general. When the poverty-stricken mother things children can understand, and not with the
and father turn their children out it seems only an refinements which civilization and education enable
adventure for the youngsters; but when in after them later to grasp.
years we find that such unnatural things can and Many of the world's great workers and thinkers
do happen, the edge of the shock has been taken have testified to the value and influence of nursery
off the discovery.
rhymes and fairy tales, but not every one stops to
In their vivid, dramatic way these fairy tales think of the enormous influence that this literature
emphasize over and over the obligation of keep has upon that training of the imaginative faculty
ing one's word; the fact that kindness pays; the which enables men to do the world's work.
beauty of modesty and patience; the ugliness of The late Professor Charles Eliot Norton has
ill-temper, haughtiness, and envy; the penalties of said: “The imagination is the supreme intellectual
lying; the reward of faithfulness and of persever faculty, and yet it is of all the one which receives
ance; the dire results of breaking into forbidden the least attention in our common systems of edu-
precincts (and perhaps inferentially of reading cation. The reason is not far to seek. The ima-
secreted books). And how, if they please, can the gination is of all the faculties the most difficult
detractors of Grimm bring up their children with to control, it is the most elusive of all, the most
a finer ideal of “ true love iq One prince and far-reaching in its relations, the rarest in its full
one princess — him or her only,— with a devo power. But upon its healthy development depend
" is one


1914 ]
413
THE DIAL
99
not only the sound exercise of the faculties of then hotly denied has been proved to a demonstra-
observation and judgment, but also the command tion by the deadly parallel.' It appears from a
of the reason, the control of the will, and the verse-by-verse comparison that this old German
quickening and growth of the moral sympathies. bible was in fact so industriously used by Luther
The means for its culture which good reading af-
that the only accurate description of Luther's ver-
fords is the most generally available and one of
sion is to call it a careful revision of the older
the most efficient.”
text."
All great deeds in every department of human It has already been pointed out, in “ The Ave
endeavor are the outcome first of all of an idea,
Maria” of April 18, 1914, that Professor Vedder's
and no man can produce an idea unless he has
work would be a still better one if he had read Fr.
imagination, and the man who has a trained ima-
Hartmann Grisar. “His independent judgment
gination is the most fertile in productive ideas.
nceds more facts to play upon than it has yet ac-
The principle of the steam engine existed in the
quired.” And in this very important question
imagination of its inventors before ever it was
with regard to Luther's use of the pre-Lutheran
interpreted into terms of hard iron and steel.
versions, the reader has a right to demand some-
thing more than a sweeping statement about the
Wireless telegraphy existed in the mind of Mar-
coni before he raised a pole; the railroad, electric
deadly parallel.”. If time or space forbade the
introduction of such additional material, reference
lights, electric traction, the telegraph, telephone, should at least have been made to the more recent
stenography, typewriting, - all these things ex-
critical investigation on the subject. Professor
isted in the imagination of someone before they Vedder's statements about Luther's translations of
were realized. The germ theory, photography, the bible would have been more accurate and con-
typesetting machines, sewing machines, anesthetics, vincing if he had read an article on “Luther's Use
reaping, harvesting and printing machines,- one of the Pre-Lutheran Versions of the Bible," by
might continue the whole catalogue of those prac Professor W. W. Florer of the University of
tical inventions that are absolutely essential in our Michigan (Ann Arbor : George Wahr, 1913). In
daily life and say that they owe their origin to the this work (pp. 18-20) we read: “ Following the
trained imagination of the human mind.
suggestion of Geffchen (Bildercatechismus des 15.
The imagination is the Archimedean lever which Jahrhunderts, 1855)
the writer decided
moves the universe. A trained imagination, there to compare the 1522 (Luther) edition with that of
fore, is an invaluable asset to every business and 1483 (Anton Koburger, Nürnberg) which intro-
professional man. Foresight is the imagining of duced the third and last group of the pre-Lu-
conditions which may have to be met. The man theran versions. A careful examination will
with a trained imagination marshals these condi clearly show the striking resemblance between the
tions in their order, places them in their proper editions of 1483 and 1522. Such a similarity can-
relations with each other, and not until that is not be, as Geffchen stated, accidental.
done are his plans matured and his work of actual The fact remains that the editions are quite şimi-
construction sent forward.
lar and that Luther borrowed more from the ea
I verily believe also that the lack of a trained
lier versions than recent scholars have inferred,
imagination is responsible for a very large number and that the suggestions of men like Geffchen and
of the crimes that are committed daily. The
others before him have not been heeded. They
trained imagination that can forecast results from
have been passed over as casual and unimportant,
causes would prevent many a crime from being
or else have been forgotten.
The follow-
committed. But this is a larger question, and to
ing selections are fairly typical."
my mind a strongly thought-provoking one that
Then follows a series of selections from the Gos-
might be well worth following out.
pels arranged so as to illustrate the deadly
CHARLES WELSH.
parallel." These comparisons lead to the conclu-
Yonkers, N. Y., May 8, 1914.
sion (page 32): “ Even from a comparison of the
above chapters one may assume that Luther used
this Koburger version, or a reprint thereof, as a
LUTHER'S USE OF THE PRE-LUTHERAN
source for his translation; and further, that with-
VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE.
out such a source it would have been impossible
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
for him to finish the manuscript of the Complete
The reviewer of Professor Vedder's “ The Re-
New Testament by March, 1522."
formation in Germany," in your issue of March 16, The same point in reference to Luther's use of
says: “ The reader of this book learns
the pre-Lutheran versions is referred to by Pro-
that he (Luther] did not translate the New Testa-
fessor Florer in an article on “Luther's Lan-
ment into German in about ten weeks (January guage " in the “ Publications of the Modern Lan-
March, 1522) but simply revised an older transla guage Association of America,” XXVI., 4; and
also in a note on page 3 of his dissertation, “ Sub-
In support of this very interesting contention,
stantivflexion bei Martinus Luther” (Ann Arbor:
Professor Vedder in his book (page 171) has the
George Wahr, 1899). Furthermore, it is discussed
following to say: “This version [the pre-Lu- by Professor Hatfield in THE DIAL of December
theran High-German version of the Bible] was
16, 1911, in his review of the books on Luther by
certainly in the possession of Luther and was as
Dr. Preserved Smith and Professor McGiffert.
certainly used by him in the preparation of his
EDWARD H. LAUER.
version. This fact once entirely unsuspected and Iowa City, Iowa, May 5, 1914.
tion."


414
( May 16
THE DIAL
sold.”
The New
Books.
time a sign reading “Negroes bought and
After graduation, he taught for a short
THE STORY OF AN ACTIVE LIFE.*
period in a school for boys at Jamaica Plain.
Although the author of "Cheerful Yester He was at this time somewhat of a dandy, and
days" and "Army Life in a Black Regiment" his frivolous ways caused uneasiness in his
virtually wrote his own biography, he omitted family. One of his imprudent acts consisted
much that is interesting, especially as regards in “riding on horseback with one of the girls
his formative years, and, not attempting a
from the opposite boarding-school, this damsel
formal autobiography, gave little heed to co quietly climbing out of the window to take
herence and proportion. The memoir prepared
these rides in the early morning, while her
by his wife, Mary Thacher Higginson, now schoolmates were still asleep.” Next he be-
published, is by no means superfluous. Avoid came a private tutor in the family of a relative
ing, so far as possible, duplication of what who lived at Brookline, at whose house he met
Colonel Higginson had written in his autobiog his second cousin, Mary Channing, sister of the
raphic papers, she tells the story of his life poet, who later became his first wife. Giving
with commendable brevity, in a tone so deli up his position in order to fulfil a plan of study,
cately personal that it seems almost imper he returned to Cambridge; he had no goal
sonal, and, mainly by skilful quotation from other than the pleasure of studying, "Oh,
his journals, she succeeds in placing before us the delicious pleasure of learning whatever
one of the most active and benevolent and there is to be learned.”
brave figures of American life in the nineteenth Then came the call of the Church. Under
century.
the influence of James Freeman Clarke, one of
Descended from Puritan ancestors whose whose disciples was Miss Channing, Mr. Hig-
temper in considerable degree foreshadowed ginson began to think of studying for the min-
his, Thomas Wentworth Higginson was born, istry, and at length, after a struggle, he found
in 1823, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the himself “in a quiet corner of Divinity Hall,
age of twelve began his life-long habit of keep looking toward the sunset and close by the
ing a journal. Some of the earliest entries tell Palfrey Woods.'
" Toward the end of the year
of his reading “The Select British Poets” came a revulsion, and a determination to aban-
("a great big book”) and of his enjoying don the routine of the school in favor of soli-
"Philip Van Artevelde" for the third time tary study; this determination was carried out,
an early token of the omnivorous reading hab- though subsequently he made application for
its that characterized him to the end. When readmission. As the time of putting on his min-
thirteen years old, he entered Harvard Col isterial responsibilities drew closer, his rest-
lege as the youngest of forty-five freshmen. lessness if anything increased, and Emerson's
At college he exhibited a love of study, espe serene radicalism acted as solvent on what
cially of Greek, mathematics, and natural his was left of his orthodoxy. However, in 1847,
tory, together with great fondness for sports at the age of twenty-three, Mr. Higginson be-
and outdoor recreation. He was president of came pastor of the First Religious Society of
the Natural History Society, became a member Newburyport. Although the forms of religion
of Phi Beta Kappa, and won a first Bowdoin still caused him to feel at times “terribly
prize. Somewhat reserved in attitude, he was false, he contrived to make his work gen-
also sentimental: “It is dreadful to me,” he uine and profitable by placing emphasis on
writes, “to see a woman kill an insect.” After the accidents rather than the essence of relig-
meeting a certain“best scholar and very agree- ion,- by taking an active part, that is, in the
able girl," he escorted her home from dancing- social and political departments of church
school and wrote in his journal: “To bed at
“To bed at enterprise. He spent much time in preaching
1112. Smitten." Though a platonic affection,
Though a platonic affection, and lecturing elsewhere; he wrote for various
he finds it very disturbing: “Dulcinia absent newspapers, and was drawn into politics. Al-
for which I am glad, for to have seen her would ready he had espoused the causes of abolition,
have used me up for some days.” The future temperance, and women's rights. After two
minister regarded prayers as “rather a bore, years, he resigned on account of his political
and was summoned by “the Prex" for "cut views,— “Not a dozen are really opposed to
ting” on seventeen occasions. On a visit to his ' me, but they have all the wealth." During the
Southern cousin during a vacation, in Balti- next two years he remained in Newburyport
more the future abolitionist saw for the first leading the same life as before, with the eccle-
siastical part omitted.
* THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. The Story of his Life.
By Mary Thacher Higginson. Illustrated. Boston: Hough-
But his preaching days were not quite over:
ton Mifflin Co.
in 1852 he was invited to assume direction of a


1914]
415
THE DIAL
Free Church in Worcester, an organization of need either two lives or 48 hours in the day to
radicals of every description that had just been do all.” “Evening to Cambridge to meet pro-
formed. “They want me to stay at Worces- cession of strikers — rode through them on
ter,” he wrote in a letter, "where there are platform of car; one stone hit me. Find my-
600 come-outers and a very thriving city and a self enjoying the little danger as of yore." He
clear Free Soil majority and no anti-slavery was then sixty-four years old. He died bravely
preaching, and 40 conventions in a year.” This in 1912.
NORMAN FOERSTER.
was a combination that he could not resist.
Accordingly, he entered upon what proved to
be prolonged and varied and happy service in
THE REAL RESTORATION COMEDY.*
Worcester.
To consider the remainder - the more fa “The present volume," says Mr. Palmer in
miliar part-of Colonel Higginson's eventful his Introduction, “is an attempt to fill a gap
career even in a cursory manner would be im- in English dramatic criticism; and, if it be
possible in the limits of a brief review. Suffice possible, to reform our point of view as to
it to say that he engaged with fervor in the the drama of the Restoration.” Within the
anti-slavery struggle, going out to Kansas as
limits suggested by this clear-cut statement,
brigadier-general of the Free State forces, and
the book is a notable one. It is an excellent
all but going to Harper's Ferry with John piece of “literary-historical criticism” – if
Brown. In 1862 he accepted a captaincy of the so clumsy a term may serve to designate a
Fifty-first Massachusetts Volunteers, and later genre essentially distinct from history of lit-
in the same year he was appointed colonel of
erature on the one hand and from pure criti-
the first of the slave regiments.
In 1864 he cism on the other. A work of this kind has
resigned his commission on account of a wound.
the twofold purpose implied in Mr. Palmer's
For more than the decade ensuing he lived at
statement: it aims to reconstruct and account
Newport, Rhode Island; and after 1879, the for some certain literary mode of the past,
year in which he married a second time, he led | and to judge the authors who were swayed
a happy and useful life in Cambridge.
by that mode solely in reference to the criteria
Nothing has been said, in this survey of of our age; so also are the dangers which be-
it provides. Such an attempt is characteristic
Colonel Higginson's life, of his acquaintance set it, consequent upon the confusion of criti-
with distinguished men of his time, including cal standards occasioned by the Romantic
Emerson, Thackeray, Arnold, Darwin, Glad-
movement. Above all, the writer may be
stone, and Cardinal Manning, of all of whom tempted to overvalue the literary mode with
and many others there are sketches and anec-
dotes in this volume. Nor has anything been yields, somewhat, to this temptation; but
which he has been preoccupied. Mr. Palmer
said of his constant and versatile writing, even mainly as the result of a strong and com-
though the bibliography which the author of mendable effort to dissipate the mists which
this memoir has compiled runs to twenty-five the moralists have thrown over Restoration
pages.
Nor has there been more than a hint
comedy.
regarding his very charming and immensely The author notes that since the appearance
energetic personality. Of his personality more
of Jeremy Collier's “Short View of the Pro-
ought to be said. Here are a few quotations faneness and Immorality of the English
that tell a great deal:
Stage,” in 1698, “nearly every printed opin-
“I never read of but one thing which thor: ion, with one or two celebrated and conspic-
oughly came up to my idea of enjoyment, and uous exceptions, leaves the impression" that
that was the Charge of the Six Hundred. All the Restoration dramatists “have been meas-
the rest of existence would I freely give for ured by standards they would neither have
one such hour.” When he had accepted the respected nor understood.” To the invectives
commission of colonel of the black regiment, quoted by Mr. Palmer, one might easily add
one of his nieces exclaimed, “Will not Uncle innumerable others : ranging all the way from
Wentworth be in bliss! A thousand men, every | Taine's lurid remarks on the subject to the
one as black as a coal.” (And he was in bliss Restoration chapter in the latest school his-
with his dear, blundering, dusky darlings.") tory of English literature published in this
“The trouble with me" - he was quite right country. Indeed, a fling at Restorati ob-
about this -- "is too great a range of tastes and scenity has come to be one of the literary his-
I love to do everything, to study torian's favorite devices for dramatic relief.
everything, to contemplate and to write. I Our author is justified in claiming for his
never was happier than when in the army en-
tirely absorbed in active duties; yet I love lit-
* THE COMEDY OF MANNERS. By John Palmer, sometime
Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford. Illustrated.
erature next — indeed almost better; and I
New York:
The Macmillan Co.


416
( May 16
THE DIAL
..
book that it is "the first attempt, by a writer acquainted with the Restoration period, is
who has en bloc digested the historical evi allowed to appear only in its results; and
dence, to put right the injustice of two centu- these are given with admirable concreteness
ries." Thus long has the spirit of Restoration and concision. Only the five most typical
comedy had to wait for a complete and, on the writers are treated: Etherege, Wycherley,
whole, just interpretation from the literary. Congreve, Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. In each
historical standpoint.
case the personality of the author, presented
In his opening chapter, “Critical Prelim as far as possible through his own utterances
inaries,” Mr. Palmer clears the ground with or those of his contemporaries concerning him,
a sharp assault on those who have echoed Col. is made a glass for the social and artistic ideas
lier's "monstrous blast”: Steele, Swift, John of the time. These ideas are then traced in
son, Macaulay,- yes, even Thackeray and his works, by means of judicious excerpts and
Meredith. He should have taken time to con illuminating comment. As a result, even the
sider more exactly just why it was that the reader who has had least previous knowledge
two last-named writers - who themselves re of the subject must be drawn gradually into
sumed and carried on, in a way, the tradition a real comprehension of the strange, almost
of the English comedy of manners - felt im- exotic, atmosphere in which he finds himself.
pelled to utter hard things of Restoration Charles Lamb turned that atmosphere into a
drama. It is misleading to state that in this fascinating dream-haze; Mr. Palmer wins our
matter Meredith was "conspicuously a vic-sympathy for it by distilling its everyday
tim” of “the inflamed Puritan conscience." facts. Lamb said that the characters in Res-
Thackeray evinces, notably in “Vanity Fair,” toration comedy “have got out of Christen-
a combination of Puritan conscience and dom into a land of what shall I call it? -
humor which is a foe to the purely comic. of cuckoldry, the Utopia of gallantry,'' etc.
But quite different from the Puritan con Mr. Palmer makes the reader intimately real-
science was that heightened Commonsense ize that the society in which the dramatist
which, when it led to social didacticism, moved “had no horror of promiscuous exog-
blurred the comic vision of Meredith; and amy”; that “the anxieties of ridiculous hus-
was the source of the too severe judgment he bands” in his plays are only “the anxieties
passed, in his “Essay on Comedy" (1877), of men of property”; that Wycherley in
upon Restoration drama. At the same time seventeenth century eyes "was undoubtedly,
this essay is almost epoch-making for the astonishing as it may seem, a moral force”;
light in which it presents the story of English and so on.
comedy. It must have contributed much to
In regard to the trend of Restoration com-
that revival of interest in comic drama, and edy, our author has some interesting conten-
comprehension of the purely comic stand- tions. The type owed, he argues, “almost as
point, which has given many evidences of little to France as to the English school which
itself in England and America during recent it displaced.” He makes out a clear case for
years. These evidences can not be detailed its artistic originality, which has been so
here; but Mr. Palmer's own work is one of largely obscured in the history of literature.
the most distinguished of them. It marks a At the same time we must still believe that
general change of attitude since Macaulay's the type was the outcome of a mood essentially
time of which Mr. Palmer himself seems foreign to English society: the impulse came
barely conscious. At the present day even from abroad, though it was so thoroughly
Macaulay could scarcely have written the re- narrowed and heightened by the English ca-
view he did in 1849 of Leigh Hunt's edition pacity for artistic extremes (not well recog-
of the Restoration writers. But in any case, nized by English writers) that it produced
that review has long needed the keen analysis, swiftly an original art-form. In this connec-
and its author's blind vigor the sound drub- tion, we should have been grateful if Mr.
bing, which Mr. Palmer gives them in his first Palmer had faced the question as to just how
chapter.
far the mood was actually current in English
The ensuing six chapters trace the rise and society at the time. At this late date it is
fall of Restoration comedy, and are excep- impossible to count heads; but it seems cer-
tional for the degree in which they avoid tain that the term “Restoration Society,'
the dangers and develop the possibilities of with its connoted attitude toward sex, should
literary-historical criticism. Addressing him- stand for a comparatively small number of
self always to “the merely literate,” Mr. persons, rather than for the wide social revo-
Palmer has here managed to do what the lution so glibly assumed by many writers.
literary-historical pen usually staggers from: On the other hand, the chapter on Congreve
namely, to write literature. His wide and makes clear that the Restoration mood merged
thorough scholarship, obvious to anyone at all | much more easily than is ordinarily supposed


1914)
417
THE DIAL
into that of the moralistic era which suc tion which he had raised, infelicitously in the
ceeded. “The popular idea,” says the author, opinion of the reviewer, at the close of his
“is right in assuming that Congreve is King first chapter.
Charles and his spaniels at their highest ex This question was whether we “are ästhet-
pression. It is wrong in not having realized ically justified in accepting Hazlitt and Lamb
that King Charles and his spaniels at their in the teeth of the giants, Johnson and Swift,
highest expression is Queen Anne and her Thackeray and Meredith.” Certainly the
dish of tea. Pope is the perfection of Ether-question finds no satisfactory answer later on
ege. The Essay on Man is the polished ex in the book; although the author had already
pression of Rochester's attitude towards life.' quoted with evident approbation eulogies of
Especially interesting is Mr. Palmer's dem- Restoration comedy from the pens of Haz-
onstration of the manner in which Restoration litt, Lamb, and Hunt. Now, these three
comedy declined in the hands of its later ex- critics were touched by the Romantic mood
ponents. While still clinging to the type of their day; and “the detached historian,
which reached its height in Congreve's "The as Mr. Palmer once calls himself, ought to
Way of the World,” Vanbrugh and above all recognize that their views, as well as those of
Farquhar undermined that type by allowing Collier and his tribe, are obsolescent. It will
intrusions of the moralistic and emotional suffice to point out here that they felt the
standpoint. “Adultery is no longer treated fascination of what we may call the Romantic
in the dry light of comedy. It is passionate; pleasure of escape. Especially delightful
it takes to itself fine names. It is a comedy to Lamb was an imaginary escape from the
of heaving bosoms and seductive phrase.region of moral law into the atmosphere of
Vanbrugh, in fact, killed the comedy of sex Restoration comedy where, he claims, “there
for the English theatre." And “where the is neither right nor wrong, gratitude or its
critics find in Farquhar humanity and fresh opposite," and so on. But obviously, true
air, we shall detect an emotional and roman-comedy cannot move, nor ever has moved,
tic treatment of sex stifling the parent stem in such a world: since it is a heightened rep-
of a comedy whose appeal depended upon an resentation of polite social life, which is never
entirely different system of moral and imag- a-moral. This ground, in fact, Mr. Palmer
inative values." The fact is that we find in virtually assumes, without recurring to Lamb,
Vanbrugh and Farquhar some of that cloaked in his final chapter. His contention is that
appeal of indecency which since their day has the life-stuff of Restoration comedy is a lim-
frequently blotted English literature. It ap- ited, but nevertheless real and harmonious,
pears in the latest works of prominent English system of social morality. Here he is right;
novelists, although their master, Meredith but he fails to see how very limited, as mate-
(who, to be sure, found difficulty in making a rial for comedy, that system really is. In
living), had revived the batteries of the urging that it comprises “a mood of the
Comic Spirit against it.*
human spirit which is in every age, though
In his final chapter, “Critical Conclusions, in this particular age it was more conspic-
Mr. Palmer analyzes Collier's “Short View" uous,” he shifts his premise and obscures the
in connection with the replies of Congreve, issue. For many a mood of the human spirit
Vanbrugh, and the anonymous author of “A has persisted in every age without attaining
Vindication of the Stage” (1699). He makes that social stamp which alone can render it a
clear that the comparative futility of these
fit foundation for comedy. That the social
replies, which contributed largely to Collier's validity attaching to the Restoration "mood”
triumph over his own and succeeding gen- is very slight indeed, Mr. Palmer himself fre-
erations, is easily understandable from the quently makes us feel in the course of his
critical inaptitude of the writers and from the work; for instance, when he reminds us that
nature of the atmosphere in which they moved. to be in full sympathy with that mood we
Thereupon, however, our author leaves the must “forget that sexual pleasure is abom-
field of literary history and attempts (pages inable unless it be tempered with exalted
288 to 297), from the standpoint of literary sentiments and a keen delight of the parties
criticism, a justification of Restoration com in each other's society” (page 42). Indeed,
edy which adds no strength to the book. It the swift decline of Restoration comedy, and
was the necessary sequel, however, of a ques even the wrong-headed batterings of the mor-
alists, are testimony to the slightness of hold
* Mr. Palmer suggests that there is epochal significance in which this artistic mode had on social reality.
the exclamation of Farquhar's Sir Harry Wildair upon listen-
ing to Angelica's sentimental verses :
In short, we must partly agree with that pro
whore in Leroics that I have met with.” There have indeed nouncement of Meredith's which Mr. Palmer
been many since. See, for instance, the amazing verses
quoted for disapprobation on page 302 of the March “ At-
quotes to reject (page 27). "Our so-called
lantic."
Comedy of Manners,” says Meredith, “is the
“ This is the first


418
[ May 16
THE DIAL
storm."
Comedy of Manners of South Sea Islanders 27.) “Whites in America number approxi-
under city veneer; and as to comic idea, vac-mately ninety millions, Asiatics number less
uous as the mask without the face behind it." than one hundred and fifty thousand; yet we
The second half of this statement is false face an ominous racial situation.
Mis-
criticism; but the first part neatly expresses understanding, foreboding fear, humiliating
the limited and obsolete nature of Restoration treatment, on the side of America; disap-
comedy.
pointment, indignation, resentment, on the
GEORGE ROY ELLIOTT.
side of Japan; such are the mutterings of a
threatened international
(“The
American Japanese Problem," p. 3.)
RACIAL RELATIONS OF EAST AND WEST.*
Both authors discuss the recent agitation
in California. Mr. Kawakami believes that
The race conflict in California of a year ago
which resulted in the anti-alien land law has political expediency dictated the hostility to
already occasioned two volumes dealing not
the Japanese, but Dr. Gulick seems to have
come
nearer the truth when he
says:
only with the local disturbance but with the
deep-lying conditions which made it possible. fornia have convinced the writer that the
“Months of study of this question in Cali-
Mr. K. K. Kawakami has given us "Asia at
the Door," while “The American Japanese tion and legislation does not concern the de-
popular approval of the anti-Japanese agita-
Problem” is by the Reverend Doctor Sidney tails of the proposed bills nor the insulting
L. Gulick. The authors, as well as their works, language used by a few, but rests entirely
present certain interesting comparisons. Mr.
on the conviction that there should be no
Kawakami is a Japanese, long resident in
America and at present in California, a
swamping immigration from Japan. Their
universal and unqualified approval of this
trained journalist whose “American-Japanese
Relations" was well received in 1912.
position, which is fundamental, has led the
Dr.
Gulick has spent most of his life in Japan as
good people to keep silence in regard to details
which they consider are but incidental.” Dr.
missionary and teacher, and he is best known
Gulick then shows that this anti-Japanese leg-
as the author of “Japanese Evolution, Psychic islation is needless, misleading, and humiliat-
and Social," a profound study of modern
ing to Japan, while it disgraces the United
Japanese life. These men are therefore well
States as well.
prepared to serve as interpreters between
Again, both authors take up the question of
West and East. Their books reflect their
assimilation. They agree that the Japanese
training. One is journalistic in style, clear,
are capable of assimilation, and that the
interesting, with many descriptive passages United States is able to Americanize them.
and personal incidents, but seldom probing Dr. Gulick brings out clearly the three factors
beneath the surface. The other is the pro-
in race assimilation: “biological assimila-
duct of deep thinking, ever concerned with
tion through intermarriage; biological assimi-
principles rather than details, attacking the
lation without intermarriage; and social
problem and presenting a reasonable method | assimilation.” Both believe that the Japanese
of solution.
will respond readily to social assimilation pro-
Both authors emphasize the importance of vided they are given equal opportunities with
the recent controversy - which has appar-
other immigrants in this land. Dr. Gulick
ently been already forgotten by the public at
also believes that Japanese born in America
large. “Aside from the conflict of capital and
will “tend to certain structural and physio-
labour, the greatest problem of the age, and logical characteristics of the dominant race.
of ages to come, is that resulting from contact
But concerning assimilation through inter-
between the East and the West. Of this great marriage we have little data to enlighten us.
problem the Japanese question in America is
Mr. Kawakami believes that “such unions
but a small fragment. The complete solution have, as a rule, been successful.” Dr. Gulick,
of the Japanese question, therefore, seems
on the other hand, considers mixed marriages
hardly possible without a complete readjust to be "highly undesirable. In only excep-
ment of relations between the Eastern and the
tional cases can there be a “happy home.'
Western world." ("Asia at the Door,"
(“Asia at the Door,” p. In addition to the topics which find treat-
* ASIA AT THE DOOR. A Study of the Japanese Question in
ment in both volumes, Mr. Kawakami de-
Continental United States, Hawaii, and Canada By Kiyoshi scribes the achievements of certain Japanese
K. Kawakami. With a Prologue by Doremus Scudder, and
in this country, such as Dr. Takamine, Dr.
an Epilogue by Hamilton W. Mabie. New York: Fleming
Noguchi, Mr. Shima (the potato king'), and
THE AMERICAN JAPANESE PROBLEM. A Study of the Ra Mr. Furuya, a merchant of the Northwest.
çial Relations of the East and the West. By Sidney L.
He also describes the life of the Japanese
Gulick, M.A., D.D. Illustrated.
immigrants on the farms and in the cities,
..
H. Revell Co.
New York: Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.


1914)
419
THE DIAL
pointing out the important place of the Jap- time, is more appreciative than ever before
anese in certain Californian industries. He of the charm and significance of this form of
then devotes five chapters to the Japanese in poetry, for Professor Child's work is having
Hawaii and in Canada. It is a matter of its fruition in a generation trained in the
surprise to find in a book devoted to the re traditions of British ballads and aware of
moval of racial prejudice a survival of that their wayward and primitive beauty. More-
very spirit. On several occasions the conduct over, the investigations now being carried on
of the Chinese in California is cited as a con- regarding cow-boy ballads, mountain ballads,
trast to that of the Japanese, and in one place and many others, keep constantly before us
Hawaii is warned" against the undesirable a sense of the vitality and permanence of this
influence which must inevitably result from folk literature. Miss Jewett's volume of
the increasingly greater influx of immigrants translations of the folk-ballads of Southern
from Russia and Southern Europe.'
Europe is a contribution of distinctive and
There are two chapters in Dr. Gulick's vol- enduring value, for it has material new to
ume which should be read by every American most readers, and the translations themselves
having to do with Japanese as employees, for are masterpieces.
in “Misunderstandings, Explanations, and In reading the folk-ballads of the south one
Interpretations will be found much light on receives a wholly new impression of the inter-
otherwise unintelligible actions. Dr. Gulick's relationships of the ballads, and of the slight-
treatment of “The Perils — Yellow and ness of barrier of race and country in regard
White” and of “Illusions — Occidental and to elemental feeling. An unexpected similar-
Oriental” shows a thorough grasp of the ity of motif and of manner seems to unite
great world-movements in the Far East. these ballads of the south with ballads of the
Finally, Dr. Gulick presents the “Outlines north.
north. The tremendous intensity of life, the
of a New American Oriental Policy.” It is swiftness and suddenness of emotion, the
founded on a general immigration law, which changes from violent love to pitiless reveng-
will apply to all peoples and which will admit ing hate, the sinister belief in malign super-
only as many immigrants in a year as we may natural powers,— all are to be found in these
be reasonably expected to assimilate, while poems drawn from various sources but hold-
other features call for the granting of Ameri- ing perfect agreement as to the passionate
can citizenship “to every qualified individual facts of human life. It is impossible to read
regardless of race," and the establishment the ballads without surrendering to the naïve
of “direct federal responsibility for all legal mood of the recorders. One is bound to for-
and legislative matters in which aliens as get centuries of conventional restraint, and
such are involved.'
to live once more in the fierce and poignant
Mr. Kawakami and Dr. Gulick have ren fashion pictured in these narratives. The re-
dered a real public service. They have clearly sponse is immediate, complete, and testifies to
shown the significance of the clash of races
the skill and art of the translator who could
which may arise around the shores of the so effectively turn southern accents into verse
Pacific, and they have indicated the desira- that never suggests mere translation, but
bility and the possibility of turning this seems like the original forms of the ballads
meeting of different peoples into a "golden themselves.
advantage" instead of a yellow or a white Miss Jewett was engaged for many years
"peril." The two volumes (for one supple- in studying southern ballads, translating some
ments the other) should be read by all for of them for use as illustrative material in her
ward-looking Americans, and especially by course in British ballads at Wellesley. As
those whose official position gives them the the fascination of these old tales worked upon
opportunity to be of service in meeting this her imagination, she continued to translate,
great world-problem, in the solution of which gathering together a group of varied ballads
America must take a leading rôle.
which she intended to arrange for publication.
PAYSON J. TREAT. Her death in 1909, before the projected vol-
ume was quite completed, made its postpone-
ment inevitable, until her literary executors
FOLK-BALLADS OF SOUTHERN EUROPE. *
could revise the material. The book has been
prepared for the press by Professor Katharine
So vivid is the appeal of ballad poetry that Lee Bates, to whose loyal and devoted care is
each new volume on the subject is assured of due the fact that the form and content of the
an eager welcome. America, at the present work are in perfect accord with Miss Jewett's
plans. With unerring skill Miss Bates has
Translated into
arranged the Introduction and Notes, and has
English verse by Sophie Jewett. New York: G. P. Put-
added the necessary annotations, going very
• FOLK-BALLADS OF SOUTHERN EUROPE.
nam's Sons.


420
( May 16
THE DIAL
verse.
carefully over the translations and verifying tense movement and its ominous omissions,
each one with utmost exactness.
is reproduced with vital understanding of that
The translations are arranged under the primitive directness of speech. In rendering
following heads: Ballads of Love, Ballads of rhythms and cadences, Miss Jewett has been
Murder, Ballads of Prisoners, Biblical and remarkably successful, keeping enough of the
Apocryphal Ballads, and Ballads of the Su- original to suggest its form, and yet never
pernatural. Under each division are grouped offending against the harmonies of English
the translations from various sources, includ-
ing Roumanian, Sicilian, Piedmontese, Vene Perhaps the best example of the translator's
tian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Castilian, Catalan, art is to be seen in her own favorite, “Donna
French, Gascon, and Provençal. In every Lombarda,"
Lombarda," a ballad which in the Piedmont-
case the original is printed on one page, with ese is singularly full of potent suggestiveness,
the translation facing it, so that the student and which in the translation seems to keep all
can refer to the exact text from which the the terrible brevity of the original. With its
translation was made. Miss Jewett's apparent perfectly modulated cadences, its haunting
audacity in translating from so many differ simplicity of diction, and its concentrated
ent dialects merely shows her intense preoccu- expressiveness, the translation is perfectly
pation with her subject. By no means a wrought.
linguist, and never ambitious to display the
DONNA LOMBARDA.
real depth of her actual learning, she began “Love me, oh, love me, Donna Lombarda!
her work under the challenge of an imagin Love only me, love only me!'
ative interest which forced her to undertake
tasks that demanded patient, exact, and scru “I have a husband; how would'st thou have me
pulously objective interpretation. Nothing To love only thee, to love only thee?'
has been forfeited, nothing added; the bal-
«• Do him to death, Donna Lombarda,
lads are faithfully rendered, with a fine sense
Do him to death, and love only me.'
of literary integrity.
Miss Jewett's familiarity with Italian made « • How shall I slay him? after what fashion?
easy her work in the various dialects of Italy To love only thee, to love only thee.'
and Spain; but in translating Roumanian
she used French renderings, poring over these
" " There is a fashion, Donna Lombarda,
and comparing them with the Roumanian
There is a fashion, easy for thee.
until she became, in a way, familiar with that “ In thine own garden, Donna Lombarda,
language and able to interpret its phrases. Close to thy house lies a poisonous snake.
Precision and accuracy are to be noted in all
the renderings, which are not the work of a
«« Cut off its head, Donna Lombarda,
few days but of months of prolonged study.
With mortar and pestle pound it and break.
Sheer enjoyment of the beauty and the vigor " • Thou shalt poison his cup, Donna Lombarda,
of these foreign ballads lured her deeper into Even with this when he asks thee for wine;
the work of interpretation, and in this volume
we have an impressive instance of the way in
“For thy husband will come hot from his hunt-
which the genuine lover of literature over-
ing,
comes difficulties, solves problems, and perse-
And beg thee for wine, and beg thee for wine.'
veres to the end in the endeavor to get truth
at its source. With slow and cautious exact-
“I have so great thirst, Donna Lombarda,
ness she felt her way into the very heart of Give me to drink, give me to drink.
these ballads, and gained that completeness of
"What hast thou done, Donna Lombarda ?
sympathy which distinguishes the transla-
The wine is beclouded, what dost thou think?'
tions. On every page one realizes how keenly
she enjoyed the revelations of grim, undisci « « There came in the sea-wind last night at sunset;
plined, spontaneous emotion, and how effec It clouded the wine, it clouded the wine.'
tively she preserved the naturalness of the
originals.
«• Drink with me then, Donna Lombarda,
A satisfactory translation is almost like an
Drink from the one cup, thy lips with mine!'
original creation, for it requires the power of “• Why should I drink, who come not from hunt-
grasping the essential unity behind details, ing?
and it demands the gift of subtly interpreta Why should I drink, who am not athirst?'
tive style and diction. The dramatic vigor
“Nay, thou shalt drink, Donna Lombarda;
and relentless simplicity of the ballads are
At the point of my dagger thou shalt drink
brought out with consummate art by the trans-
first!'
lator. The rapid dialogue, with its terse and


1914]
421
THE DIAL
“ With the first drop Donna Lombarda
parison with the work of Dostoieffsky, Tolstoy,
Loses her color so rose-red and brave;
and Tourguénieff, and so unquestionably does
it exhibit the qualities that have made the
“ With the next drop Donna Lombarda
great Russians the masters of them that write
Calls her confessor to shrive her and save;
fiction in our modern age. Had it been signed
“ With the third drop Donna Lombarda
with one of their names, we should have been
Calls for the sexton to dig her a grave."
unable to dispute, from any internal evi-
dence, the authenticity of the ascription. Dr.
By the vigor and delicacy of her sympa Brandes has recently said of the author that
thetic insight as revealed in the translations, he "
he seems to know exactly not only the de-
and also in the quick and clear suggestiveness tails of daily life on an estate in the Ukraine
of the Introduction and Notes, Miss Jewett and the manner in which Russian diplomats
has guided her readers to a keen sense of the pass their days in the capitals of Europe as
quivering and exultant passions of the folk. well as at isolated posts in small Turkish and
The translations interpret a past that cannot Servian towns; he also knows how young and
seem remote or insignificant, for some magic older people of both sexes in those parts think
of literary art and of human intuition has and feel.
and feel.” This judgment gives some idea
recreated vanished beings and endowed them of the substance of the work. It opens on the
with lasting life. To give this quickening im- estate of Priluka, the ancestral home of the
pulse to the laggard imaginations of readers Prilinskis; and, however far afield the action
is to do literature a memorable service.
may take us, Priluka, the home, always lies
MARTHA HALE SHACKFORD. in the background of our vision. Prince Pri-
linski, and his wife, their three children, the
young men and women who are the intimates
RECENT FICTION.*
of the household, and the servants who are its
“Katya" is a novel translated from the
faithful retainers, constitute a group of peo-
Danish of Herr Franz de Jessen by Mr. W. J. ple who are characterized, one and all, with
Alexander Worster. Both author and trans: unfailing sympathy and minute fidelity, and
lator are unknown to us by name, but the individually realized as are few such groups
latter has done his work in so masterly a way
anywhere in the field of fictive art. From this
that he leaves us quite unconscious of any
company emerges the central figure of Katya,
struggle in the effort to express the thought vivid personality dominates the narrative, and
and style of his original in a foreign medium,
while the former has produced one of the big- shapes the destinies of the men who come
gest pieces of fiction that has come to us from
within the sphere of her influence. For some
a continental source for many years. It is a inexplicable reason, the American publishers
revelation of power and beauty comparable call her the Becky Sharp of Russia,
with that given us by “War and Peace,” by
is a comparison so amazingly inept that we
the great trilogy of Sienkiewicz,, by "Jörn
do not see how it could have suggested itself
Uhl,” and by “Jean-Christophe." The best
to any intelligent mind. In common with
work now being done in English seems trifling, Thackeray's hateful creation, Katya has am-
sophisticated, and insincere, when set by the bition, it is true, but otherwise she is a crea-
side of this masterpiece of psychological in-
ture of air and fire, lovable in her most
sight and dramatic power. Perhaps the most
wayward aspects, and the men who proudly
astonishing thing about it is that it is the
bear her chains are richly rewarded for their
work of a Dane, or, indeed, of anyone but a
glad servitude. Our own comparison would
Russian, so evidently does it challenge com-
be with Mary Stuart rather than with Becky
Sharp, but here also with a difference; the
• KATYA. A Romance of Russia. By Franz de Jessen. Bos severest indictment that may be brought
By H. De Vere Stacpoole. New against her is that she is over-avid of admira-
York: Duffield & Co.
tion, that sordid considerations have some
CARMEN AND MR. DRYASDUST. By Humfrey Jordan. New share in her marriage, that she is a little less
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE FORTUNATE YOUTH. By William J. Locke. New York:
than the perfect mother to her children, and
that she is a little reckless of consequences
RUNG HO! By Talbot Mundy. New York: Charles Scrib-
at critical moments. We have an impression
THE ROCKS OF VALPRE. By Ethel M. Dell. New York:
that the author would have us view her more
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
harshly than we can find it in our heart to
DIANE OF THE GREEN VAN. By Leona Dalrymple. Chi-
cago: Reilly & Britton Co.
do, and that the sadness and futility of her
THE LIGHT OF WESTERN STARS. A Romance.
late years are to be taken somewhat as a judg-
Grey. New York: Harper & Brothers.
ment upon her for her hardness, her selfish-
DARKNESS AND DAWN. By George Allan England.
ton: Small, Maynard & Co.
ness, and her vacillation of spirit. But if
ton: John W. Luce & Co.
CHILDREN OF THE SEA.
John Lane Co.
ner's Sons.
By Zane
Bog


422
(May 16
THE DIAL
DIAL
this be his wish, we can only say that his lost, and only this heroic measure will save
heroine has escaped from the control of her their papers from seizure and their leaders
creator, and that she still holds our allegiance, from arrest. The work of destruction is ac-
as she held that of the Englishman who gave complished, and then Orloff, accepting full
her the full measure of his devotion, and of responsibility, surrenders himself, is tried,
the naval officer who entered the path of de and, despite the frantic efforts of Katya in his
struction when he thought that she was lost behalf, is sentenced and executed. Katya
to him. She remains imaged to us, despite has now lost the truest of her lovers, and Far-
her faults, as a splendid creature to whom ringham has gone out of her life, having
our deepest sympathies go out, and who is the learned of her feelings for Orloff. The bom-
sport of malign fate rather than the destroyer bardment of Odessa has bereft her of most
of men's souls. Only a few words may be of her fortune, and she ends by accepting an
spared for a suggestion of the plot. Prince offer of marriage from a neighboring land-
Prilinski has gone into extensive building oper owner, a commonplace person who had also
ations in a suburban quarter on the water been one of her admirers in the careless days
front of Odessa, with the aid of capital bor of youth. The movement of the novel, at
rowed from General Karatayef, a man whose first deliberately measured, receives rapid ac-
great wealth is of dubious origin. The Prince celeration when we come to the tragedy of
becomes overloaded with debt, and is in dan Stradova, and the scenes of the mutiny are
ger of losing all his means, when the General, flashed upon the screen in swift and bewil-
ambitious for his only son Niki, offers to re dering succession. We know of few things in
lieve the situation on the condition of an alli fiction as stirring and tense as are these later
ance between Niki and Katya. The condition chapters. And from beginning to end, we are
is accepted, and Priluki is saved. Now Katya given the sense of knowing in their habit as
is really in love with Niki, and makes him a they lived the figures that people these pages.
faithful wife throughout his long career in They become intimate acquaintances, and
the diplomatic service. After that career is arouse both interest and sympathy in the
ended by a Turkish bullet in an uprising at deepest degree. Slow as is the development
Stradova, where he is the Russian consul, she of the plot before the stage of its whirlwind
yields to the solicitations of Farringham, the finish, there is nothing that we would call
English lover who has given her a doglike superfluous, and the sure instinct of the artist
devotion for many years, and pledges herself makes every touch effective. The name of
to him. But she is not sure of herself, and Franz de Jessen must now be added to the
puts him off from month to month. Mean list of the greatest living novelists. It is in-
while, Petya Orloff is in the distance, an offi deed a new star that has swum into our ken.
cer in the Russian navy. Katya has been the The exotic fictions of Mr. Stacpoole are mul-
lodestar of his life, and in his youth she had tiplying rapidly, and exhibit a growing power
given him just enough encouragement to keep which is making this writer a man to be reck-
the spark of hope alive in his breast. Lost oned with. His “Children of the Sea" is a
to him once when she married Niki, he now grim and vivid story of Iceland, with a pro-
finds her seemingly lost to him again when logue on the Japanese coast, where are sown
she pledges herself to Farringham. This im the seeds of the tragedy that later ripens
pels him to a desperate course. It is the time under the Arctic circle. A sailorman named
of the war with Japan. The Russian defeats Ericsson on shore-leave runs foul of a com-
have given the forces of disorder their oppor pany of Japanese merrymakers, and becomes
tunity, and the revolutionary uprising in captivated by the provocative witchery of a
South Russia breaks out. In the scenes of girl of the party. Then the scene shifts to
carnage that follow, a child of the people, who Iceland, whither he returns, and where he sets
has for years been Orloff's mistress, is killed out to establish a fishing business in rivalry
in the street. He is distracted by her death, with the local monopolist. He wins the love
and with the surplus of emotion over logic of Schwalla, a beautiful girl whose parents
that marks the Russian temperament, offers are forcing her into a marriage with this octo-
himself to the revolutionary party as a leader. pus of the fisheries, and then he makes the
In the roadstead of Odessa lies the battleship appalling discovery that his Japanese esca-
of which he is second officer, and Orloff heads pade has infected him with leprosy. Like a
a mutiny by which he obtains command of the wounded animal, he crawls off to a cave which
vessel. Placing it at the service of the revo he may use as a hiding-place in which to meet
lution, he is ordered to shell the very quarter his miserable fate alone, but Schwalla tracks
of Odessa which the Karatayef-Prilinski en him to his lair, and the two put out in a boat
terprise had built, and which has become a together that the sea may swallow them up.
nest of conspirators. Their cause is already This tense and colorful history is told with


1914]
423
THE DIAL
sharp verbal economy, and with a strong early stage of his career, the youth has pic-
sense of the values of the rugged sea-girt land turesque powers of speech which may be illus-
scape of the island of fire. It exhibits an trated by this choice specimen of repartee:
intimate knowledge of the life and the psy “You could no' knock hell out of a bug.” A
chology of the Iceland fisher-folk, and is little later, we find him conversing after the
deeply impressive in its directness and simple following fashion: “You may find happiness
strength. Something of the spirit of the and peace of soul under the stars." During
saga-writers has got possession of the author the interval that has elapsed, he has run away
and controlled his pen. In its reduction of from home, lived on the road with a vagrant
sentiment to a minimum, and in its clear- peddler, found his way to London, and be-
visioned presentation of the bare facts of life, came an actor in a humble way. The reform
it comes near to being a masterpiece. Mr. of his speech is the result of several factors:
Conrad could hardly have told the story to the root of the matter is in him; he has extraor-
better effect, although he would have told dinary powers of imitation and adaptation;
it with much more of indirection, and with a he cherishes the delusion that he is a lost child
profusion of the analysis in which Mr. Stac- of noble parentage. In addition, he is extraor-
poole is so conspicuously lacking.
dinarily handsome, and things come his way
“Carmen and Mr. Dryasdust" is not at all so fast that we are breathless as we follow his
the story we should have expected from the fortunes. It all seems to be a fairy tale as
author of "The Joyous Wayfarer,” although we go on to read of his being picked up by a
we can understand its having been written by county family and adopted into the house-
the author of “Patchwork Comedy." Mr. Jor hold, of his becoming secretary to an M. P.
dan seems to be well on the way toward match and later a candidate himself for political
ing Mr. Snaith in the matter of versatility and honors, of his brilliant social career, and of
the command of various manners. Mr. Dry-
Mr. Dry- his success in winning the love of a princess.
asdust is a Cambridge don, of the dons don Toward the end, the dream of his life is rudely
nish, a typical specimen. Why he should shattered by the discovery that his long-lost
have married Carmen, or she him, is a good father is a fried-fish magnate and ex-convict,
deal of a mystery, for Carmen is a young not the noble Italian whom he had confidently
woman of Spanish ancestry, and her advent expected sometime to discover. But while
into Cambridge society considerably flutters this is a setback, it does not really matter in
the dovecotes of dondom. To begin with, she the end, for the princess becomes reconciled
cannot take college society seriously, and its to the situation, and her hero wins the elec-
gossiping and petty intrigue seem to her only tion, incidentally inheriting a fortune when
a parody of real existence. Further, she his father dies. The narrative has but slight
knows exactly what she wants, and exactly relation to reality, but it appeals to the roman-
how to get it, which means that her husband tic instinct that has little use for reality or
is as wax in her hands. She loves him, and even verisimilitude, and it is written with the
just because of that she seeks to get him out sprightly and whimsical touch that always
of the academic rut and to widen his horizon. makes Mr. Locke's work interesting. And it
This she accomplishes, but so deftly that he has strong characters,— Paul himself, Barney
hardly realizes the compulsion of the silken Bill, who saves him from the slum, the Win-
web of constraint that she spins around him; woods, who make a man of him, and Silas
it is true that he makes an apparent struggle Finn, the religious zealot who turns out to
from time to time, but he knows that he will be Paul's father. These make engaging com-
have to yield, and does it gracefully enough pany for the hours spent in reading the story.
after just enough protest to appease his self The Indian Mutiny is a subject of appar-
respect. And when he finds himself in the ently inexhaustible interest for the novelist.
end a denizen of the strange extra-university The latest in the long line of good stories based
world, he recognizes the fact that all has upon this theme is Mr. Talbot Mundy's “Rung
worked out for the best, and that Carmen has Ho!” which takes us up to the very edge of
been his good angel. He has become undesic- the outbreak, but has nothing to do with the
cated while there is yet time for him to become hackneyed horrors of Delhi and Lucknow and
a man, and to appreciate the fact that life is Cawnpore.
Cawnpore. The hero is Ralph Cunningham,
something more than an affair restricted who comes into the Indian military service
within cloisters and quadrangles. It is a very backed by the prestige of his father and
human story and a highly entertaining one, grandfather, long imbedded in the heroic
albeit its course is placid and the depths of legend of the country. Mahommed Gunga, a
emotion are nowise sounded.
wise and wily chieftain who had followed and
Mr. Locke's story of “The Fortunate loved the father, takes the son under his pro-
Youth” begins in a London slum. At this
tecting care, discovers by various tests that


424
( May 16
THE DIAL
never
he is really the sort of man his father's son ciliation between Christine and her husband.
should be, and contrives to put him into the “The Rocks of Valpré” is a deft old-fash-
position of leadership for which he is fitted. ioned novel, with much variety of interest and
The Mutiny has not yet been declared, but some effective character drawing. It comes
its imminence is apparent to the informed, dangerously near shipwreck on the rock of
and the episode which is the climax of the sentimentality, but becomes quite
present narrative and of which Ralph is the mawkish. Miss Ethel M. Dell, who wrote
hero is one that serves to strengthen the Brit- that strong novel, “The Way of an Eagle,
ish resistance to the coming storm. Roman is the author.
tically, it is concerned with the rescue of Heralded by much advertisement, and with
Rosemary MacLean, daughter of a Scotch all the notoriety attendant upon the winning
missionary in Rajputana, from a perilous sit- of a substantial money prize, “Diane of the
uation in which her life is placed by the Green Van” makes a clamorous appeal for
wooing of a treacherous native prince. The our attention. It is the work of Miss Leona
hero and the heroine are predestined for one Dalrymple, a young woman hitherto unknown
another, but no sentimentality is wasted upon to fame, and now disclosed as a writer of
their romance. When the time comes, they tricksy charm and astonishing fertility of in-
simply accept the situation as a matter of vention. We frankly confess that the plot
course. In fact, there seems to be no waste baffles us.
baffles us. It would require the analytical
or surplusage anywhere in the story, which skill of a Poe or a Sherlock Holmes to exhibit
is told in singularly forthright fashion, and the complication in diagrammatic form. New
is for that reason, as well as for its insight intricacies and unexpected relations are de-
into native character, extraordinarily effec-veloped in every chapter, until at the end we
tive. Mr. Kipling could hardly have done it are utterly bewildered, and can make no con-
better, and Mrs. Steel could not have done it fident guess at the writer's intentions. All
in less than three times the space.
that we are sure of is that here is a charming
When Christine Wyndham is a little girl heroine, impelled by the wanderlust to roam
of seventeen, in charge of a governess on the gypsy-fashion from Connecticut to Florida in
seashore of France, she makes a playmate of the green van of the title, attended on her
a young French officer, and is implicated with way by a train of devoted lovers and des-
him in an innocent escapade which has serious perate villains. The secret of her love for the
consequences. They are caught in a cave by open appears to be that she is of Seminole
the tide, and forced to remain overnight. The descent, and the varied machinations of which
resulting scandal is such that Christine is she is the victim are accounted for by some
bundled post-haste back to England. When sort of connection with the royal line of an
she grows up, she marries an Englishman who obscure European kingdom called Houdania.
is almost painfully good, but the memory of Whether she really is thus connected, or
her childish attachment does not fade from whether her Indian strain is authentic, we
her heart. Meanwhile, the Frenchman has have been unable to discover with certainty.
been made the victim of a treacherous plot When the ancient document concealed in the
which results in his being convicted of trea old wooden candle-stick is found to have been
son, and sentenced to a term of imprisonment. a mystification, the solid ground slips from
When set free, he takes refuge in England, under our feet, and we are left helpless. How-
and suffers the direst poverty, until he is ever, the gypsy pilgrimage is vividly de-
rescued by Christine's husband, and taken scribed, and the faithful suitor who guards
into the family as his private secretary. Chris the heroine is rewarded for his devotion. Of
tine, all this time, has made the mistake of this much, but of little more, we are certain.
concealing from her husband the romantic The book offers the very delirium of romance,
episode of her childhood; and when he learns set forth in a manner of which a feeling for
of it from other sources, an estrangement re nature and a smart slangy type of conversa-
sults, which ends in her taking flight. She tion are the chief ingredients.
cannot restrain her love for the Frenchman, “The Light of Western Stars,” by Mr.
but their mutually avowed passion is without Zane Grey, is a stirring romance of the south-
sinful consequences. In the course of time, western desert, the scene being laid in New
the plot which had led to his degradation is Mexico, close to the Mexican border. This
exposed, and he is shown to have been a sec enables the author to work the Mexican revo-
ond Dreyfus, just as he is at the point of lution into his plot, and raids in both direc-
death from heart failure. His vindication is tions are among the incidents.
A young
complete, but only death can unravel the knot woman of wealth and social distinction is the
of his personal fate, and so he is conveniently heroine. Becoming weary of the round of
disposed of, leaving the way open for a recon gaiety which has been her normal existence,


1914]
425
THE DIAL
and fairly loathing its emptiness, she cuts made a notable change in the direction of the
loose from it all, and sets out to visit her earth's axis, and increased speed of rotation
brother, who is a rancher in New Mexico. Her has shortened the day by an hour or more. A
adventures begin the moment she steps off the new satellite has been formed by ejection from
train at the frontier station, for her brother, the earth, and revolves about its parent as a
who has not known of her coming, is not on dark attendant, although no attempt is made
hand to meet her, and she falls into the hands to explain why it does not receive illumina-
of a drunken cowboy, who insists that she tion from the sun, which shines as usual. This
shall marry him forthwith. A Spanish padre object seems to have been torn from the earth
is produced, who mumbles words that she does in the region of the Great Lakes, presumably
not understand, and the distracted girl says taking Chicago with it, and in its place there
“Si” without knowing to what the vocable is a huge abyss, inhabited by a race of degen-
commits her. It is not until near the close of erate descendants of civilized man. These
the story that she learns herself to have been discoveries are made by the enterprising cou-
the wife of the cowboy all the time. Mean- ple in the course of their explorations, which
while, the desert fascinates her, and she casts are extensive, being made with the aid of an
in her lot with it, purchasing a ranch, and thus airship fortunately unearthed, and put into
becoming the employer of many other ador-commission by the engineer's skill. Strange
ing cowboys. Her unknown husband, not to say, they find abundant stores of alcohol in
daring to reveal the secret, protects her from the cities, although the gasoline has all evap-
many perils, and worships her from afar. His orated, and this provides them with fuel for
love works in him a regeneration that makes motive power. In fact, they find most of the
him worthy of her, for he has been a gentle things they really need for carrying on life,
man, and is only temporarily fallen from that and learn to make those that they do not find,
estate. After many melodramatic happen aided by a copy of the “Encyclopædia Brit-
ings, the truth comes out, but not before she annica” printed upon nickel leaves, and thus
is ready to be reconciled to the revelation and preserved from decay. When they discover
its consequences. The situation is not unlike the men of the abyss, they attempt to civilize
that of "The Great Divide.” It is all stagy them, and take them forth into the world of
and conventional stuff, but good of its kind, sunlight by means of the aeroplane, hoping
skilfully managed, and effective. Now and to rear a new race of men upon this debased
then, the writer seems to be planning effects foundation. Allan proves a most resourceful
for us which do not quite come off and leave person, and Beatrice a sturdy helpmate in the
us rather disappointed, as in the case of the series of fantastic perils to which they are
elaborate preparations made for fooling and exposed, and from which they always escape
thrilling the lady's visitors from the east, and after reaching a point at which there seems
in the case of the Mexican bandit who seeks to be no possible way out. They are predes-
to abduct the heroine. But there is no lack tined to be lovers, and the chinks of the weird
of excitement in the narrative, which has also narrative are filled in and thickly plastered
a considerable admixture of romantic glamour over with sentiment. We should say that for
and poetic charm. It “reads” from begin those who like this sort of thing the tale will
ning to end and mingles a good deal of humor provide just the sort of thing that they like.
with its melodramatic plot.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
A blend of Jules Verne, Sir Rider Haggard,
and Mr. H. G. Wells is offered us by Mr.
George Allan England in "Darkness and
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Dawn. Allan Stern and Beatrice Kendrick,
a civil engineer and his stenographer, wake
The establishment of the Re-
up one morning on the fortieth floor of a sky Court life
in Peking.
public in China, with the conse-
scraper to behold a world in ruins, and come
quent intensified interest in the
gradually to realize that they have been in a Chinese people, and also the consequent dis-
state of suspended animation for a thousand appearance, in large measure, of the old rev-
years or more. A cataclysm has swept man erence for the royal family, seems to have
kind from the earth, and these two alone sur been a fortunate event for students of history.
vive of the human race, unless we style human A rich new field for research has thus been
the debased and bestial creatures whom they opened to scholarship. Among those who are
afterwards encounter in their adventures. New availing themselves of this tempting oppor-
York has become a jungle and the lair of wild tunity, Messrs. Backhouse and Bland, joint
beasts, and nearly everything of organic na authors of “China under the Empress Dow-
ture has rotted away, leaving only objects of ager," have already taken very high rank,
stone and metal unchanged. Precession has and this rank has been well sustained by Mr.


426
(May 16
THE DIAL
an
Bland in “Recent Events and Present Poli- tility not unsuggestive of the caterer's art.
cies in China." It is gratifying, therefore, These consist of the following: “Sex Edu-
to have a study of court life during the cation,” a defense of the policy of silent
Manchu dynasty under the same joint author- discretion as against noisy discussion and
ship. In “Annals and Memoirs of the Court dramatic exposure; “Socialism," an arraign-
of Peking” (Houghton) historic Chinese char- ment of its insufficiency as a solution, versus
acters, both men and women, become alive the inner bulwark of reasonable content that
again, and a thrilling tale is unfolded of the makes its proposed remedies needless; “The
degeneration and ultimate ruin of an Oriental Intellectual Underworld," specimens of the
dynasty. The authors have availed themselves “crank” correspondence in a psychologist's
of original sources of information probably mail; “Thought Transference,' showing the
quite inaccessible during the continuance of weakness of the premises in the case; “The
the dynasty, and the first-hand accounts of Mind of the Juryman," a psychological de-
stirring and terrible events from the begin- fense of the jury system when confined to
ning of Manchu rule down to the end of that men; “Efficiency on the Farm," a plea for
sway in China furnish as interesting reading a scientific analysis of the processes of rural
as any historical romance. Indeed, there is a industry; “Social Sins of Advertising," a
sort of interest attaching to this book which disclosure of the bad influence and bad busi-
is wanting in the best romance: the stamp of ness of mingling advertisements with reading
veracity on the numerous excerpts from con matter; "The Mind of the Investor,
temporary documents which the authors use attempt to set forth why Americans specu-
adds tremendously to the genuine human ap- late;. “Society and the Dance, explaining
peal of the book. One feels that for the first the dangers and the benefits of dancing, ac-
time the very roots of the hidden life at cording to how it is carried on; "Naive Psy-
Peking are being laid bare. The authors are chology, as reflected in the popular wisdom
to be criticised for having omitted needed ref- of literature. A critical view of the volume
erence to authorities in a good many passages by the Professor of Psychology in Harvard
where interpretations of vitally important University would deplore not the popularisa-
events are offered to the reader, - interpreta- tion, but the journalistic condescensions of
tions by no means so obviously true as to the presentations dominated by the approving
carry conviction with the mere statement; presence of the magazine reader. The critic
but in the main the work is a product of conversant with the evidences of the author's
painstaking scholarship, and evidences quite scholarly abilities in other volumes would re-
unusual preparation and ability for researchgret the more than occasional lapses from
in Chinese history. While recognizing the good taste and modest restraint. He might
great qualities of the Chinese race, the writers be tempted to draw a lesson, which is not
are temperamentally pessimistic in their out- drawn, from the ingenuous reversal of the
look, and the present reviewer believes that prophecy that Socialism would not gain head-
a more hopeful attitude toward the near fu way in America (as set forth in a former
ture in China is perfectly reasonable even volume) to the present prophecy that it will,
in the light of the ugly pictures convincingly
- both conclusions being psychologically sup-
drawn by these writers of the court life in ported. He might be particularly offended
Peking. Believing in the almost ineradicable at the far from ingenuous implications as to
nature of race traits, the writers do not make
the author's relations to the Paladino dis-
sufficient allowance for the gradual modifica- closures.
closures. Returning to the lenient mood, he
tion of race traits with the alteration of would deplore rather than censure the yield-
environment. Moreover, the faithful and
and | ing to temptation that besets exponents of
courageous personalities revealed - though in popular themes, who assume professorially
a sad minority -- in every one of the terrible the white man's reforming burden. The criti-
and repulsive situations described constitute cal layman might well conclude by question-
the saving remnant which is destined to give ing whether the psychology that confers the
a higher tone to Chinese history in the not authority of speech on so wide and various
too distant future.
an array of subjects, thickly saturated with
practical difficulties, is in reality a science
A lenient judge of Professor
Chips from a
or a papal perquisite. In the author's book
psychologist's Münsterberg's Psychology and on “The Americans” he set forth with de-
workshop.
Social Sanity” (Doubleday) ductive lucidity what would be wrong with
would comment upon the volume as an inter- | Americans, and how these wrongs would be
esting collection of studies in a psychological righted, if only Americans happened to be
vein, reflecting the views of a fertile mind. Germans. The present volume is open to the
The attraction of the titles displays a versa-l interpretation that the course of social sanity


1914)
427
THE DIAL
lies in avoiding the dictates of a psycholo- ages and in classic times. The need for such
gist's disaffections.
a repetition is not obvious; discussions of art
in its relations with historic environment
A straightforward story, unem have been the commonplace of criticism since
Conquering
Mt. McKinley.
bellished by exaggerated tales the middle of the last century. To do the
of hardships or danger or spec- greatest service, a new treatment should have
tacular exploits of any sort, is that which Dr. taken into account more recent critical move-
Hudson Stuck, archdeacon of the Yukon, tells ments tending to modify certain over-hasty
in his volume entitled "The Ascent of Denali” conclusions of the founders of evolutionary
(Scribner), in which he recounts the well- læsthetics. At least it should have embodied
laid plans for the conquest of the peak, the the latest acceptations in the realm of archæ-
daily incidents of the toilsome ascent, and the ological fact. One is disappointed, then, to
very fortunate weather that favored the party find again the well-worn generalizations on
on the day when the summit was finally con-
the importance of art to the historian and
quered. From the base camp at timberline on
of history to the artist; and to encounter, in
the inner flank of the range, established April too many cases, the discredited conceptions
10, the explorer and his two hardened Alas- of yesterday. The old popular idea of Greek
kan aids toiled until June 7 through the snow
curvatures and inclinations still persists. They
and across crevassed glaciers and up an earth-
quake-shattered ridge of ice to the summit, sion which makes tall posts appear to spread,
are thought intended “to overcome the illu-
whose altitude was computed from barometric
determinations to be 20,700 feet. The moun-
parallel-sided posts appear to hollow-in, and
tain is not one presenting technical moun-
vertical posts seem to lean," although it has
taineering difficulties, except those created by recently been pointed out that this explana-
the shattered ice-ridge presumably created
tion is devoid of every vestige of psychological
by a recent earthquake. Its difficulties lie in
or artistic authority. Even in elementary
its remoteness, its size, and its wide expanses
matters of fact there are disquieting slips,-
of snow and ice. Its problems are those of
as when the sack of Rome is placed in 476,
transportation of supplies. The writer esti or the plan of the temple of Apollo at Selinus
mates the actual linear distance from the foot is given for that of the Parthenon. Merit in
of the glacier to the summit as twenty miles; the presentation of traditional views was per-
yet his party, in order to have adequate sup- haps all that was attempted, but the literary
plies for the weathering out of persistent value is hardly so superlative as to justify the
storms such as actually did hold up their lack of other positive qualities. Clear and
progress, were compelled thrice to retrace readable the book usually is. The illustra-
their steps and to climb 60,000 feet, in bring- tions are well selected, the photographs of de-
ing the requisite food supplies and shelter to tail and sculpture being especially beautiful.
the uppermost camp from which the final The frequency of quotation will be welcomed
sally to the summit was made. Possibly some by some. If this is all an American book
persons may regret that the author has seen buyer demands, however, Mr. Brooks is to
fit to replace the name of President McKinley be reproached for not showing himself supe-
with the not unpleasing Indian name Denali, rior to his public. In view of the equal em-
"the Great One," as a designation for the
as a designation for the phasis of the sub-title on “Greek, Roman,
mountain. But the latter at least has Alas- | Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic” arts,
kan priority, and might fittingly remain to and the very independent treatment given to
show that there once dwelt in the land a sim Greece and Rome, one is surprised to learn
ple and hardy race who braved successfully that the purpose of the book is to serve those
the rigors of its climate and flourished, until interested in history and art of the Middle
the septic contact of a superior race put cor-
Ages. One would have expected, then, a more
ruption into their blood. It is perhaps need summary and a more dynamic treatment of
less to say that the author found no evidence earlier periods. Less elaborate circumscrip-
to corroborate Dr. Cook's claims to having tions of the subject, subdivisions, and defini-
ascended the mountain, but rather evidence tions would also fit the book better for general
that his description of the summit is wholly
use. It is the same indecision of purpose, the
inapplicable.
failure to remain within the genre tranché, that
is to be lamented in so much present-day writ-
In “Architecture and the Al- ing on the fine arts. If we must resign our-
The relations
of architecture lied Arts' (Bobbs-Merrill Co.) selves to popular treatment, by all means let it
to history.
Professor Alfred M. Brooks has be divorced from sententiousness and labored
repeated anew in popular form the current convolution. Yet we may be permitted to
dicta on the art of Europe in the middle I hope that not every professor will content


428
(May 16
THE DIAL
Beaumont and
his dramas.
himself with disclaiming the idea of contribut-
One of the most fascinating
ing to the history of art.
problems in Elizabethan dra-
matic literature consists in the
determination of the share each author had
The life of
The anonymous memoir of the in the plays that go under the joint author-
an imperial Empress Frederick, wife of the ship of Beaumont and Fletcher. Internal
misfit.
unfortunate young German Em and external evidence, dates and verse tests,
peror whose reign lasted only three months, diction and other stylistic qualities have been
now published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co., scrutinized in order to lead to a solution of
is the first biography of Kaiser Wilhelm's. this problem. The most thorough-going con-
mother which has appeared. Although it is tribution so far made is Professor Charles
a frank justification of the much-maligned Mills Gayley's “Beaumont, the Dramatist”
English princess who was never understood (Century Co.). This work seeks not only to
by her German subjects, and is consequently distinguish the personality of Beaumont from
a spirited arraignment of Bismarck, the old that of Fletcher as shown in his plays, but
Emperor, and the others who thwarted her, also to bring together a body of biographical
it bears the marks of sincerity and accuracy facts which will show his relation to the time
from beginning to end. The author admits and the stage and his more especial asso-
that the Empress's difficulties were due in a ciates. Thus, the first part of the book is
large degree to her own inability to read the taken up with Beaumont's life, his acquaint-
character of others; but he qualifies this very ance, and his career as poet and dramatist,''
inability as a merit, since he traces it to the and the second part with “The collaboration
fact that, being herself absolutely candid and of Beaumont and Fletcher.” The criteria
invariably generous, she could never be applied to the three test plays, “Philaster,”
brought to see that the great majority of the “A King and No King," and The Maid's
men and women she had dealings with were Tragedy,” which are indisputably the product
neither candid nor generous. The story is a of the joint authorship, are primarily versifi-
deeply pathetic one. The warm-hearted and cation, 'then successively and cumulatively
somewhat strong-minded daughter of Queen diction and mental habit." These criteria
Victoria and Prince Albert is betrothed to
are applied to the admitted works of each
the young nephew of the King of Prussia. The
man, and then to those in dispute, so as to
alliance pleases neither English nor Prussians, determine which is Beaumont's and which
even before either country knows the char Fletcher's. The result is that, as Professor
acter which the young couple will develop. Gayley says, the judgment of Swinburne
The ardent young Princess, with the spirit of passed in 1875 may be accepted pretty fully
a missionary, sets about converting savage to-day, that “in those tragic poems of, which
Prussia to constitutional government and En the dominant note is the note of Beaumont's
glish gardens. Prussia fails to appreciate her genius a subtler chord of thought is sounded,
own benighted condition, and resents patron a deeper key of emotion is touched, than ever
age from a country which she disliked fifty
was struck by Fletcher,”' and that “if a dis-
years ago almost as much as she does to-day. tinction must be made between the Dioscuri
Moreover, this versatile blue-stocking was not
of English poetry, we must admit that Beau-
content with woman's sphere, as Prussians mont was the twin of heavenlier birth. Pro
men and women alike – delimited it. So the
fessor Gayley, it may be noted, refuses to
devoted efforts of the Princess to be useful accept the opinion that the last romantic
to her adopted country, her charities, her hos-
comedies of Shakespeare were influenced by
pitals, her generous devotion to the wounded
the romantic plays of Beaumont and Fletcher.
in the Austrian and French wars, her unmis- Shakespeare is his own predecessor in that
takable evidences of real love for Prussia and the qualities regarded as distinctive of the
Germany, went for very little because she later plays are already present in his earlier
never grew shrewd enough to conceal the fact comedies, though to a less extent.
that she reckoned the country of her birth a
country to imitate and envy. So it came about
If ever
man
Recollections
was qualified
that she lived and died unappreciated, - and of a veteran to write all about newspaper-
when she died, a Church of England clergy. journalist.
making and newspaper-publish-
man came and read the Anglican service over ing, that man would seem to be the author of
her body! An interesting supplement to the "These Shifting Scenes” (Doran), a collec-
present biography is a pedigree showing the tion of “stories such as will not be found in
family connections of the Emperor and Em any newspaper, but will hardly be surpassed
press Frederick, and their common descent in interest by the products of the most alert
from King James I. of England.
and imaginative reporter's pen. Mr. Charles
a


1914]
429
THE DIAL
Edward Russell, the chronicler of these varied is scarcely to be taken seriously. But with
journalistic experiences, was reared in an at all its serious faults of style and manner, Mr.
mosphere redolent of printer's ink; but when Legge's book is decidedly interesting. There
he left his native West and for weary, dis are two chapters on the King's personal at-
heartening months tried to get a foothold in tributes; one on the theft of the Dublin
New York as a cub reporter, he found that Crown Jewels, which the writer mysteriously
there were more things in metropolitan jour characterizes as a very significant event, but
nalism than he had dreamt of in his philos- about which he tells us very little; a chapter
ophy. His ultimate winning of success and which maintains that the monarchy, brought
rise to high position in his calling brought to a critical condition by the aloofness of
him into contact with many strange varieties Queen Victoria, was saved by the skill of her
of human nature and disclosed to him many son and successor, the shrewdest of all dip-
astonishing things in the world about him. lomats; one-
lomats; one-a marvellous example of the
Incidents too incredible even for fiction came noble craft of making bricks without straw -
again and again to his notice, and from this on the “official” biography of the King, which
fund of unusual experience he draws for the i has not yet appeared, and perhaps never will
entertainment of his readers. His chapters appear, and about which it is clear that Mr.
deal with such topics as “Old Days with the Legge knows exactly as much as the rest of us;
Tramp Printers," "The Man out of Work” one on the King's appreciation of poetry,
(vividly autobiographical), “The Haymarket which tells us quite as little as the preceding
and Afterward,” “Why Harrison was Nomi. chapter, for the excellent reason that there
nated in 1888,"; "The Rocky Road to Johns- is nothing to tell; a history of the King's ill-
town, ” “Travels with the Cholera Fleet,” ness; a long and really delightful chapter of
and "The Art of Reporting." But with all anecdotes, of the complimentary sort, con-
his harking back to the good old times,” Mr. cerning His Majesty; and a final chapter
Russell believes that still better times are which deals with various members of his fam-
ahead, and with them better newspapers. ily, particularly with that beautiful character,
Almost too good to be true is his vision of Queen Alexandra. The volume is handsomely
this coming newspaper. “Out of this condi- illustrated, largely with reproductions of
tion,'' he prophesies in his closing paragraph, photographs which have not appeared else-
“will come in time the ideal newspaper, which where; but typographical errors are more fre-
can be produced only as a communal enter quent than they should be.
prise; which will be published for informa-
tion and not for profit; which will not
A variety of entertaining and
Some amusing
attempt to combine the two desirable but bibliophilic often absurdly impossible inci-
properly distinct functions of telling us how
dents, in which books and libra-
goes the progress of the world and where to ries and librarians play an important part,
get hams.” May he live to see that glad day! are strung together by Mr. Edmund Lester
Few of the rest of us can hope for such lon Pearson 'in a small volume entitled “The
gevity.
Secret Book” (Macmillan). What this "se-
cret book” is, and how the narrator almost
Mr. Edward Legge, the En had the unspeakable pleasure of handling it,
glish journalist whose “King is told in the first chapter; how a friend of
Edward in His True Colors his actually got possession of it (a unique
appeared a year or so ago, has been encour copy) in Paris, and brought it home to sell
aged by the success of that book to go over for a fabulous sum to the richest book-col-
the same ground again, in a volume entitled lector in the world, is briefly indicated, with
“More about King Edward” (Small, May- due accompaniment of mystery, in the clos-
nard & Co.). Sir Sidney Lee's cautious and ing chapter. Between these two, which suffice
impartial biography of the late King in the to justify the book's title, are a half-score of
“Dictionary of National Biography" comes other chapters that take the form chiefly of
in for quite as liberal a share of abuse as was papers read by different members of the
inflicted upon it in the earlier book; and the Club. These papers are for the most part
author is as insistent as ever that Edward selections from that department of the Boston
was the ablest public character of his time “Transcript'' known as “The Librarian” and
and substantially free from faults. A writer conducted by Mr. Pearson. In most char-
who questions the value of the painstaking acteristic vein is his account (quoted from
and accurate Dictionary, and suggests that “The Dictionary of Authors, Sacred and Pro-
contemporary newspaper utterances - pro- | fane," by Enoch and Eliphalet Sneed) of the
vided always that they are complimentary to life and death of Ibid, or, in full, Marcus
the King – are more to be depended upon, Alias Hortensius Ibidimus, who seems to have
adventures.
King Edward
the Great.


430
( May 16
THE DIAL
to the
Genius Loci.
tial."
wan-
the seasons.
been a Roman general, poet, and rhetorician, husband, Sherlock Holmes, Harriet Shelley,
of incredible productivity as an author. William the Conqueror, Mrs. John Milton,
When, after a long siege, he had taken Um- Christopher Columbus, and Hamlet. Here is
brage, he retired into hither Gaul and devoted young George Washington's account of a cer-
the rest of his life to the writing of those in tain famous incident with which his name is
numerable poems published under his pen associated. The date is October 13, 1744. “A
name, “Anon." But his end was tragic: for pretty little episode happened at home to-day.
some serious transgression of the laws “he The gardener's boy asked me if he might try
was hanged in Effigy, a town in Lower Egypt, his new axe on the old cherry-tree, which I
on Christmas Day, 102 B. C.” Excellent non have often vainly urged mother to cut down.
sense, with many a keen thrust at the foibles I said, “By all means.'
I said, 'By all means.' It appears that he
of our common human nature, is to be found misunderstood me and cut down the tree. My
between the covers of this brightly amusing mother was about to send him away, but I
book.
went straight to her and said I would take
the entire responsibility for the loss of the
It would be idle for a reviewer tree on myself, as I had always openly advo-
A fresh oblation
to attempt to say anything new cated its removal and that the gardener's boy
about the devotion of “Vernon was well aware of my views on the sub-
Lee” to the Spirit of Places, or about her ject. My mother was so much touched at my
dainty personal treatment of the themes sug- straightforwardness that she gave me some
gested by her wayfaring. Her latest volume, candy, a refreshment to which I am still par-
after opening with an allegorizing eponymous
Again we are reminded of the lamenta-
chapter, “The Tower of the Mirrors,
ble inaccuracy of history and tradition. Like
ders in amiable haphazard fashion from its predecessors, this book is made up of mat-
“French Roads” and “Chablis” to “Winter ter that has stood the test of periodical or
Days at Ravenna” and “Divinities of Tuscan newspaper publication.
Summer Fields"; and the entertainment it
offers is almost as uneven as it is varied.
While some of the essays are so slight that
Not himself a naturalist, but
The lesson of
one is compelled to question the advisability
none the less a lover of nature,
of including them, others are most delightful,
Mr. C. DuFay Robertson tells
and all of them manifest the characteristic
us in “Down the Year” (Eaton & Mains)
touch of our essayist, who combines an insa-
some of the interesting thoughts and fruitful
tiable thirst for travel with a keen apprecia- suggestions that come to him in his contem-
tion of countless little human-hearted things plation of the periodic changes that pass over
and an intimate knowledge of the art and
the face of the outside world with the progress
literature of Western Europe. Among the
of the seasons. The approach of spring, the
most enjoyable chapters to the present re-
country in summer, the tranquil delights of
viewer are "The Gooseberry Garden of Jena," a parsonage back yard, the coming of dawn
“The Victor of Xanten,” and “Castiglione
across the fields, the beauty of gently falling
d'Olona.' But it would be idle to expect snow, the mystery of winter twilight - these
our readers to agree with this selection, or and other like themes receive fitting treatment
The great charm of “Vernon in either prose or verse at Mr. Robertson's
Lee's" essays will be found in their individ- hands. Keenly appreciative of color effects
uality; and individuality, one notes with joy, in nature, he writes thus of the summer land-
must naturally make most diverse appeals. scape as seen through rain: “I have just
(Lane.)
learned where the old tapestry weavers got
their delightful, soft, filmy colors. There is
The same scholarly wit that nothing more beautiful in all art than old
Diaries that
might have made Mr. Maurice Baring's tapestries, with their mysterious, veiled, rem-
been.