is a good deal of poem has been eclipsed by Fitzgerald's ver-
his multiform variety becomes monotony. If sion of Omar, which is itself food for babes
one could strike out of his works a score or beside Nietzsche's fierce perversions of Per-
so of words infinitely repeated, such as the sian thought. Many of the sections of “In
sun, stars, ocean, forest, horizon, with the Memoriam” are beautifully phrased, but they
similitudes drawn from them, the books would all seem to have been turned out of one mould.
show a great shrinkage both in bulk and The later "Idylls of the King” are also turned
power. But a writer is entitled to any way of out of one mould. They are inferior casts or
getting his effects and the effects of vastness copies of the first four or five pieces, whose
and profoundity Hugo does get.
bronze largenesses do loom and glitter in the
Instead of grandiose conceptions, infinite, art gallery of the world. Passion and emotion
minute detail; instead of figures "all made in Tennyson are almost always subdued to
out of the carver's brain," a close rendering beauty and decorum, but in “Locksley Hall”
of common human nature; instead of radical and "Break, Break, Break” they shatter the
ism and the propaganda of the people, con decorated crust, and "Maud” is an attempt
servatism and the rights of property; instead to handle elemental fire in a large way. It is
of mystic gleams of half the religions of the fine work, but no poet can do his best in an
world, a faint-hearted acceptance of English uncharacteristic direction, and Tennyson was
ecclesiastical faith; instead of a whirlwind of not a Byron. The “Wellington Ode” is char-
rhetoric, language so simple and natural that acteristic, and though on a lower level than
it seems effortless; that is Tennyson in com the dreamily imaginative poetry of his youth,
parison with Hugo./Restricted in thought, is Tennyson's central piece as a moral poet.
ringed round with conventions, Tennyson yet The various ballads, humorous or romantic,
achieves a picture of life which we accept as are perhaps his best work as a creator of char-
substantially true. In magical felicity of ex acter. The plays are respectable.
pression, meaning, music, picture melting Tennyson is the executant in poetry. To
into one, he is with the most perfect poets of have been a great creator, he would have
the world. And in the coinage of phrases and needed four or five volcanoes within him and
lines which become the currency of common a score of earthquakes outside. Even in ex-
speech, he ranks in English after Shakespeare pression he is very far from being always
and Pope. He realizes the Greek ideal of a first rate. His simplicity sometimes sinks into
limited perfection. He reaches the Pillars of silliness and his stateliness becomes magnilo-
Herakles, but he does not launch out into the quence. But except Shakespeare it would be
unknown and discover new continents.
hard to find any English poet who surpasses
It would be a fascinating task to extract him in variety, charm, and perfection of lan-
from the sixty thousand or more lines of Ten guage.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
nyson's total work the body of immortal
poetry. Fitzgerald was perfectly right in his
preference for the earlier poems. The vol-
CASUAL COMMENT.
umes of 1842 give nearly the full measure of
Tennyson's greatness. There is much of his THE POET ON THE BATTLEFIELD would seem,
later work we should want to save, but little to the modern view, decidedly out of his
of it is indispensable. To write one book which proper element. It is his part, we think, to
people will read fifty times is better than to sing of martial deeds, but not to perform
write fifty books which people will read only them. Yet in classical antiquity the poet or
once. Future generations will linger long other man of letters was customarily familiar
over the fresh, sparkling, flawless songs, bal with the use of the sword as well as with that


188
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
of the pen. Even the valetudinarian Horace, still remains unproved that these qualities are
fond of his ease and of the pleasures of the attainable only through experience of the
table, took part, in his earlier manhood, in the ferocities of war. At any rate, there is a
hardships and dangers of military service in manifest difference between the hand-to-hand
the field. When Brutus came to Athens after combats of antiquity and the modern whole-
Cæsar's death, Horace, who was pursuing his sale slaughter of the machine gun and the
studies there, joined his army and was made dynamite bomb.
military tribune, with a legion under his com-
mand. Present at the battle of Philippi he
FICTION AND FACT sometimes repeat each
came home neither with his shield nor on it; don city have never beheld — and please God
other rather closely. “We of peaceful Lon-
for he had thrown it away, ingloriously, in his
flight with the rest of the republican army, as
never shall witness — such a scene of hurry
and alarm as that which Brussels presented.
he playfully admits in one of his poems.
Turning to the great tragic poets of Greece, we
Crowds rushed to the Namur gate, from which
direction the noise proceeded, and many rode
find them taking so active a part in the life
about them, including offensive and defensive along the level chaussée, to be in advance of
warfare, that the wonder is how they ever
any intelligence from the army. Each man
found time to write the large number of plays asked his neighbor for news; and even great
credited to them. This difference between the English lords and ladies condescended to
poets of then and now is commented on by speak to persons whom they did not know.
The friends of the French went abroad, wild
Professor Gilbert Murray in his recent book,
"Euripides and his Age."
with excitement. ... The merchants closed
He remarks:
their shops, and came out to swell the general
“Our poets and men of letters mostly live
chorus of alarm and clamor. Women rushed
either by writing or by investments eked out
to the churches, and crowded the chapels, and
by writing. They are professional writers and
readers and, as a rule, nothing else. It is com-
knelt and prayed on the flags and steps. The
dull sound of the cannon went on rolling, roll-
paratively rare for any one of them to face
ing. Presently carriages with travellers be-
daily dangers, to stand against men who mean
gan to leave the town, galloping away by the
to kill him and beside men for whom he is
Ghent barrier." That is not copied from
ready to die, to be kept a couple of days fast-
ing, or even to work in the sweat of his body | but from the thirty-second chapter of “Vanity
a newspaper of the present year and month,
for the food he eats. If such things happen by Fair,” in which the panic attending the bat-
aecident to one of us we cherish them as price: | tle of Waterloo, almost a century ago, is so
less "copy,' or we even go out of our way to stirringly depicted. Side by side with that
compass the experience artificially.” It was
this abundant dose of realism in actual hard, of present-day conditions in the same region,
chapter may be placed many a true account
grinding, unlovely experience that so effectu-
and it is hard to decide whether the romancer
ally disinclined the ancients to realism in
or the veracious historian is the more vividly
literature, and gave, especially to the Greek
realistic. Here is a passage from a private
writers, their firm hold on sanity and common
letter received a few days ago. It will ex-
sense, their avoidance of sentimentality and
plain itself. “Such crowds! We got on all
paradox and all sorts of foolishness known to
right, and all had seats, though it was a won-
us of the twentieth century. “A man everlast-
der. . There was much doubt as to whether
ingly wrapped round in good books and safe
we should not be stopped at the frontier, as
living cries out for something harsh and real
the train was not allowed to cross the border.
- for blood and swear-words and crude jagged However, when we reached there we found
sentences. A man who escapes with eagerness
another train waiting for us in all about
from a life of war and dirt and brutality and
four hundred or five hundred people. In the
hardship to dwell just a short time among the
mad rush and scramble for seats we had to
Muses, naturally likes the Muses to be their
get into a third-class carriage, which, as you
very selves and not remind him of the mud he
know, on the continent has hard board seats.
has just washed off." Hence Euripides, who
We rode in that 'cattle car' from 11 o'clock
knew only too well the horrors and the ghastli-
P.M. to 5:30 A.M., when we finally reached
ness of real warfare, gives us only conven the Hook of Holland. You can imagine it if
tionalized and sterilized descriptions of battle, you want to try, but you could never realize
while the modern poet, who has never faced a what it was like. .. All through Germany
loaded gun, revels in the gory details of mar we saw train loads of soldiers and of the
tial combat. But after all is said that must recruits who had been taken from their work.
be said in praise of Greek sanity and propor It's all horrible and awful. When we reached
tion and restraint and sound common sense, it | the boat we found it already crowded beyond


1914]
189
THE DIAL
its usual capacity of four hundred, and there of madness, the book is likely to have a second
were four hundred more to get on. I never and, it may be, a more fruitful reading. At
saw such a sight — people lying on the deck the same time, too, or even sooner, it will be
and everywhere. The only thing we could do no waste of one's leisure to read, or re-read,
was to sit on our luggage on the deck, like the the history of the book and of its writer in
steerage." The writer of this, an American the “Memoirs of Bertha von Suttner,” which
woman just recovering from a long illness, came out in Germany six years ago, in this
probably had her mind too much occupied country two years later.
with nearer concerns to admit of comparing
her situation with that of the characters in the
LIBRARY SCIENCE AS A REFORMATORY AGENT
above-named chapter. She finally reached remains to be recognized by the penologists
safety in London.
and criminologists and prison-reformers. In
A BOOK FOR THE PRESENT HOCR, though it is
a recent contribution to “The Survey” is
a book just twenty-five years old this coming described the regenerative effect of cataloguing
season, is the Baroness von Suttner's “Die and classification and other work called for in
Waffen Nieder”—a title that has been vari- the operation of a certain unnamed prison
ously rendered in the several English transla-library, whose custodian was one of the invol-
tions of the work. “Lay Down Your Arms" untary inmates of the institution and had at
is perhaps as good an English equivalent as
first shown a lawless and arbitrary disposition
has been hit upon in these versions. A curious in his administration of the department as-
and little-known circumstance in connection signed to his charge. But an expert librarian,
with the book's original publication is the
called in by the warden, led this erratic person
difficulty its author experienced in finding a (by a process similar to that of giving a man
publisher courageous enough to face the ex-
sufficient rope to hang himself) to see the
pected public disapproval and governmental time-consuming, labor-wasting error of his
displeasure at the appearance of so vehement headstrong ways, and at last the mind that
a protest, even though in the form of fiction, once was only interested in picking locks and
against the prevailing militarism of Europe. pulling off bank robberies found more con-
Serial publication was first attempted, with genial problems in the intricacies of decimal
repeated failure, no editor being able to per-
classification. Library science had pointed
suade himself that his reading public would
the way. Law and order had come to have
tolerate so revolutionary a piece of writing.
a place in his scheme of life. How the good
When at last, the hope of serial issue being work went on until the board of pardons
abandoned, a publisher was found for the found in him sufficient strength of character
story as a book, much hesitation was shown by for a parole forms another chapter."
him about venturing an unexpurgated edition;
he wished to submit the work to an experi LIBRARY SPIRIT UNQUELLED BY EARTHQUAKE
enced statesman with the request that all AND FIRE has been splendidly shown in the
passages likely to give offence be struck out. restoring of San Francisco's public library,
But of course the author indignantly refused which suffered annihilation in 1906, but began
to consent to this. Then the timid publisher to rise again from its ruins the same year,
pleaded for a change of title, the substitution and to-day, as we are informed by its librarian,
of some meaningless and innocuous word or "stands not only rehabilitated in every de-
words in place of the ringing command chosen partment, but has exceeded its former growth.”
by the writer. Finally the Baroness had her Its former number of volumes, as stated in
way, and the rest is a part of literary history, "News Notes of California Libraries," was
how the book made an instant success even about 166,344, and its present number is
in circles where its kindly reception had been 144,360, which seems to leave a deficit still to
least of all expected; how it was speedily be made good in that item of equipment; but
translated into a dozen languages, with two there is no reason to doubt its present in-
or more versions in our own tongue; and how creased activity, especially as we are told that
the author was nearly overwhelmed with con “a chain of branch libraries to aggregate in
gratulatory letters from readers and admirers, value $375,000 has been commenced, as well as
high and low. Strangely enough, however, the new main library building," which, with
among the disapproving minority were num its grounds, in the new civic centre of the city,
bered readers of the author's own sex, wives will be valued at two million dollars. Can it
and mothers who clung to the foolish notion be that, like so many of our most prosperous
that war is romantic, the breeder of chivalry, cities, libraries too are capable of showing
the begetter of heroes. When Europe shall their utmost vigor only in the face of an
have recovered somewhat from its present fit appalling calamity!


190
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
WAR'S EFFECT ON LITERARY PRODUCTION, member with quicker beat of heart the man-
especially in the combatant countries, is sure agement of this much-crowned hotel [the
to be harmful for the time being. When the
When the Hotel del Coronado]; the La Jolla Library
national energies are chiefly concentrated in Association; the officers of the Panama-Cali-
a life-and-death struggle, there is little sur fornia exposition; and the Raja-Yoga school.
plus vitality for literature, though the rebound We ate the picnic-supper on the La Jolla
after the return of peace, more particularly if beach as fishing smack went past and waves
it is a peace achieved by victory, is likely to be rolled in. We saw the sun go down and stayed
marked by a vigorous revival of letters. A upon the hill to watch the train come up the
prominent American publisher who has just line. . . And did we not take great delight
returned from London takes a cheerful and in the Loma-view and Lomaland, where along
confident view of the situation in the book the boulevard auto wheels turned sunlight
market. Admitting that for the present every into breeze, and where within the Raja-Yoga
one is reading the newspapers, and little else, bounds the songs and games of youth so capti-
he foresees an early reaction and a renewed | vated and charmed? We thank those who
desire for literature as distinguished from war spent the eager night in planning, the busy
bulletins; and even though the pocket-book day arranging, all for our physical comfort,
may show some flatness as a result of present our homely entertainment. We found our
abnormal conditions, the enforced economies strenuous days were left behind, and we have
he believes will be in the line of jewelry and simply breathed and looked and joyed-out-
other costly trinkets rather than in books. In side the meeting door.” Who shall say now
fact, Christmas presents are likely to take the that library work begets a barren pedantry,
form of books this year, in place of the more a juiceless addiction to routine, a dry-as-dust
expensive articles that a fuller purse would devotion to infinitesimal minutiæ ? "It is to
prompt one to buy. This is cheering, both to the current issue of "News Notes of Cali-
the producers of literary wares and to those fornia Libraries” that we are indebted for
who are interested in the spread of culture. the foregoing frolics (there are more unquoted)
Certain classes of books are singled out as not of a resolutions committee not dead to the de-
unlikely to be in especial demand because of lights of rhetoric and the pleasures of poetry.
the war, including works descriptive of the
countries engaged in the conflict, political and
THE AUTHOR OF "THE GREAT ILLUSION,"
other writings throwing light on the issues
the remarkable book that four years ago called
involved, travel sketches from the pens of
attention to the preposterous folly of war, its
those caught in the maelstrom of international economic absurdity, its political unwisdom,
combat, and, not least of all, diverting novels
and its irreconcilable antagonism to the spirit
as a relief and a refreshment after this super-
of civilization and progress, is by birth an
abundance of horrors from the battlefield. So American, as it may be of interest to note at
far as our own country is immediately con-
this time, and his real name is Ralph Norman
cerned, the authority here cited admits that Angell Lane, of which he uses the second and
the import of books will suffer a temporary third constituents as a pseudonym (though
diminution, and American authors must wait that word is not strictly applicable in this
for better times before they can reap large instance), a pseudonym now familiar to read-
profits from the European sale of their works,
but in general an early return to nearly has the treatise been disseminated in trans-
ers of a score of nationalities, for thus widely
normal conditions in our book-trade is ex-
lation and in its original tongue. As to the
pected.
origin of the book, it was first written, in
PARLIAMENTARY POETICS, such
as have less expanded form, as a pamphlet by Mr.
graced the proceedings of few deliberative Lane in the odd moments snatched from his
bodies observing the rules of Cushing or of duties as editor of the Paris edition of the
Robert, marked the closing session of the late London “Daily Mail," and, its tone being out
annual convention of the California Library of harmony with that journal's editorial
Association at Coronado. In the resolutions policy, it appeared independently under the
presented for adoption we are refreshed by title, “Europe's Optical Illusion.” At first
the following rhapsodic passages: “Nor shall it seemed to have been still-born, not a single
we forget the music, and our good fortune to reviewer giving it any notice for six weeks or
have so freely given from voice and finger two months. Then a distinguished public man
tips the thrilling charms and charming thrills in England recognized its importance and
that come from depths unseen. Miss Hibberd wrote to the author, after which three Euro-
and Miss Bowers, our thanks are yours, and pean sovereigns also testified their interest by
we also: please command us. We shall re letter, and the early sequel was a revised and


1914]
191
THE DIAL
extended form of the work, under its present EDUCATIONAL SIDE SHOWS, to appropriate an
well-known title. A quotation pertinent to expressive term of President Wilson's, are
present issues may be worth while in this incidentally referred to in the course of an
place. “Ten years after the war (of 1870] article in the September “Atlantic Monthly”
Germany was a great deal worse off financially on “The Critics of the Colleges” by President
than her rival, and was trying, as she is trying Henry S. Pritchett of the Carnegie Founda-
to-day, to borrow money from her victim. tion for the Advancement of Teaching. He
We know that Bismarck's later life was
says: “Many colleges lend the shelter of
clouded by the spectacle of what he regarded their charters to various technical or profes-
as an absurd miracle, the vanquished recover sional schools which they neither support nor
ing more quickly than the victor." When the control, such as conservatories of music, com-
turmoil now raging shall have subsided, it mercial schools, medical schools, engineering
may be that the world will turn once more to schools, and graduate schools. Many a good
Mr. Lane's book with an increased disposition college which guards its bachelor-of-arts de-
to profit by its teachings.
gree with watchful care will, without the
quiver of an eyelash, shelter a weak engineer-
THE ART OF TYPOGRAPHY is discussed and ing school or a commercial medical school of
illustrated in an agreeable and instructive the lowest type. The tenderest part of the
manner by the editor of “The Newarker.
college conscience lies apparently in the bach-
Possibly he would not call typography an art,
elor-of-arts course, and the most callous in the
as he says “the printer is next door to the
medical course." Another significant passage
artist.” Well, let us imagine a communicating from this high educational authority is worth
passage between the two houses, and so inti quoting here: “The amount of fraud con-
mate an intercourse between their occupants for colleges will astonish any one who has not
nected with the business of soliciting money
that the man of types unconsciously imbibes,
or inhales, something of his neighbor's artist looked into it. There are enterprises in this
spirit. Certainly the designing of type is an
country bearing the name of college or uni-
art. That master typographer, the late Theo-versity which have never taught a class, which
dore Low De Vinne, whom Mr. Dana quotes,
have not a single college building, but which
declares that “a prosperous printer will be
have for years collected money from a con-
more successful when he can inspire the buyers fiding public.” President Pritchett’s article
of printing in all its forms with the under-
is of obvious timeliness at this opening of the
standing that meritorious printing is really a
academic year, and deserves careful attention
worthy branch of the fine arts.” A passage
from educators, students and their parents,
“Volumes have been written on plain type themselves educational, and all whom the
from “The Newarker” is worth quoting here: philanthropic millionaires annually bled for
the benefit of commercial enterprises calling
faces. The subject is most fascinating. Print-
ing is ever before our eyes. If you study how
cause of real education directly or indirectly
it affects you, you will soon find that mere
concerns.
legibility, as you first regard it, is not enough A BIBLICAL SETTLEMENT OF THE SHAKE-
to commend a type face to you for all time.” SPEARE-BACON QUESTION ought to be con-
Nevertheless, just as good architecture implies clusive. At the late meeting called by the
suitability of form and arrangement and British Academy to concert plans for the
ornamentation to the purposes of the building, approaching celebration of the tri-centennial
so the most legible type has the best chance of of Shakespeare's death, the Archbishop of
being the most lastingly pleasing to the eye. Canterbury appropriately and wittily called
Every book season sees at least a few new attention to the fact that the great actor-
experiments in odd and fantastic type-designs. playwright retired from the exercise of his
All readers are familiar, for example, with the calling at the age of forty-six, in the year
slanting ( which makes its disfiguring appear- 1611, the year that witnessed the publication
ance now and then amid letters of irreproach of the Authorized Version of the Bible, and
able rectitude. It is not an instance of wrong that some ingenious person has made the re-
font,” but a deliberately committed sin against markable discovery that if one opens at the
both good taste and clear legibility. Other forty-sixth Psalm in that version and counts
absurd departures from typographic sanity the words from the beginning, the forty-sixth
will be recalled by any observant student of word will be found to be “spear,” while the
print. Simplicity and modesty, freedom from
same process of counting from the end of the
a foolish desire to attract attention by eccen same Psalm (omitting its concluding selah")
tricity, are as essential to good typography as will establish the significant fact that the
to polite behavior.
forty-sixth word is “shake." In spite of an ele-


192
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
ment of the topsy-turvy in this demonstration, thoughtful utterances on this by no means
or perhaps because of it, it is of precisely the novel but still unexhausted theme are con-
character that should carry conviction to all tributed by Mr. Arthur C. Benson to the Sep-
having a taste and aptitude for the method of tember “Century," in an essay bearing the
reasoning so ably expounded in “The Great well-worn caption,
well-worn caption, “Literature and Life."
Cryptogram” and later treatises of a similar Agreeably characteristic of the writer's well-
ingenious character. It is true we are by no known manner is the following paragraph:
means certain that the precise year of Shake "And yet if, on the other hand, one compares
speare's retirement from London to the peace the subsequent fame of men of action with
ful quiet of New Place, Stratford, was 1611, the fame of men of letters, the contrast is
that event being commonly assigned to “about indeed bewildering. Who attaches the small-
the year 1610,” but we should not let such a est idea to the personality of the Lord Lich-
trifle upset the foregoing neat little demon field whom Dr. Johnson envied? Who that
stration that Shakespeare wrote his own adores the memory of Wordsworth knows any.
works and also translated the Bible.
thing about Lord Goderich, a contemporary
prime minister? The world reads and re-
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FRENCH PRESS, felt
reads the memoirs of dead poets, goes on pil-
to be not inconsiderable by the French them- grimages to the tiny cottages where they lived
selves, was humorously admitted in that jocose in poverty, cherishes the smallest records and
remark of Prince von Bülow concerning a dis- souvenirs of them. The names of statesmen
tinguished editorial writer on foreign affairs and generals become dim except to professed
in the Paris "Temps. There are in Europe, historians, while the memories of great ro-
he is quoted as saying, “three great Powers mancers and lyrists, and even of lesser writers
and - M. Tardieu.” As a recent proof of still, go on being revived and redecorated.
this potency of the Paris journalist's pen may
What would Keats have thought, as he lay
be cited a late occurrence of some significance dying in his high, hot, noisy room at Rome,
to us just now, mentioned in Count Vassili's
if he had known that a century later every
“France from Behind the Veil." The author
smallest detail of his life, his most careless
says: “Indeed in no country do newspapers letters, would be scanned by eager eyes, when
wield such an influence as they do in France, few save historians would be able to name a
where the bourgeois, the workman, and the single member of the cabinet in power at the
peasant believe implicitly in what the papers
time of his death???
say, especially if his particular news-sheet has
the chauvinistic opinions which he himself
BALM IN BOOKS, as all the world knows, has
espouses. It would hardly have been possible been found by thousands on myriads of occa-
to organize the magnificent reception which
sions. Walter Bagehot was one who knew hy
was awarded to the Emperor of Russia, if experience, if ever any one did, the soothing
newspapers of all shades had not contributed
influence of a congenial author. The tragedy
to it their long articles written in praise of
of his life, little known to the world at large,
the future visitor and in general of the Rus-
was the insanity of his mother, a family mis-
sian nation and the Russian army. These were
fortune that he bore as heroically as did Lamb
material factors in securing the popular dem-
the like cross laid upon him. Bagehot's sister-
onstration that took place. Thanks to them
in-law and biographer has occasion to say of
the Russian loans were covered several times
him in one of her chapters: “I remember
over, and Russian policy, be it in the East or
going to him to air some grievance I had
elsewhere, was warmly supported by the against disturbing influences.' He was sym-
powers that ruled at the Quai d'Orsay.” To pathetic and consoling; 'Get to your Ruskin.
what extent the newspaper press is recognized
you will soon forget all about it.
and respected by the French government is
partly illustrated at present by the facilities
COMMUNICATION.
the journals enjoy for obtaining accurate
official war news, as contrasted with the se-
THE WOMEN OF WAGNER.
cretive and suspicious policy that seems to
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
prevail in high quarters at Berlin and London. Mr. Moore's brilliant leader on “Lords of Mis-
rule,” in THE DIAL of August 16, is certainly con-
vincing in so far as its main theses are concerned;
THE LITERARY LIFE AND THE ACTIVE LIFE but it seems to me that in one particular it exposes
have each its peculiar attractions and advan a misconception. Referring to Wagner and
tages. Which is likely to be the more useful, Nietzsche, he remarks:
which the richer in present returns, and “Nietzsche revolted from Wagner because of two
which in future fame, who can predict? Some things: the latter's trend toward religion, even sacer-


1914)
193
THE DIAL
66
dotalism, and his attitude toward woman. Women in out his long life for any trace of a real ethical
Wagner always save the situation. They are the inspir-
sense in his relationships with 'women or his atti-
ers and regenerators of man. To Nietzsche, following
tude toward them, and the more closely we scru-
Schopenhauer, they were little better than animals.”
tinize the evidence the more clearly the truth
The case of Wagner contra Nietzsche is full of appears that he regarded them, socially, as instru-
complexities. There has been an enormous amount ments for the gratification of his passions, the
of discussion of the relations between the two men, furtherance of his ambitions, and the purveyance
but it is improbable that they will ever fully be of his creature comforts.
understood. Both the Wagnerites and the Nietz That Women in Wagner always save the
scheans befog the issue by partisanship, and as situation"; that “ They are the inspirers and
they are in possession of some of the most im- regenerators of man," cannot be established from
portant data, which they give to the world as, and the study of his works. He did conceive, at one
in the form which, they see fit, the truth cannot, period of his career, the curious idea — which has
now at least, be more than approximated, despite been traced to various sources but whose origin is
the utterances of the principals themselves. But, immaterial
that man
any man who through
sifting those facts of which we can be sure, the his own misdeeds had jeopardized his fate, here
overshadowing reason for the estrangement, fol and hereafter — could be redeemed ” if some
lowing the close intimacy, between the composer woman would sacrifice herself for him. The idea
and the philosopher was the thorough, not to say is fantastic and Wagner talked and wrote much
colossal, egotism which they shared in common. about it in an equally fantastic way — but analysis
It was impossible that two such supermen of his music-dramas reveals the fact that they
should long revolve in the same orbit. Wagner, support it very lamely and still more limitedly.
most particularly, was in his own circle the sun Nothing of the kind can be traced in his first
and its other members satellites and sun-worship-opera, “ Rienzi," a mere pot-boiler, a-la-Meyerbeer,
pers. He had no use for anyone whom he could written around a libretto derived from the romance
not use, to express it plainly. Nietzsche had by Bulwer. The “ redemption” scheme does, how-
sought him out in a gush of enthusiasm and ever, appear in his next one, his first truly Wag-
idealistic fellow-feeling, and he cherished the de nerian production, “ The Flying Dutchman.” The
lusion, for several years, that this feeling was Dutchman had wantonly offended the Deity and
returned in kind. When he realized, at length, that his offence could only be atoned for by the devoted
it was not, that he had been made welcome at love and voluntary self-sacrifice of a pure maiden,
Triebschen and Wahnfried not for himself alone, a rôle which he allotted to Senta. But Senta does
but for what he was worth as a mouthpiece for the not inspire, neither does she regenerate, Van-
propaganda of their pontiff, his attitude changed. / derdecken. On the contrary, he inspires her with
This, certainly, was the prime factor that made for a romantic passion only possible to a German
the rupture, although it is certain that the heroine, and, when he becomes aware of it, turns
diverging ideals of the two men, reinforced by to her as a sort of “first aid to the injured.” But
their intense individualism, must in the end have he speedily turns away again, and in the last act
separated them.
we behold him casting her off and sailing out to
But of one thing there is ample evidence -- sea without her, whereupon she insists on throwing
namely, their opinions and treatment of women. herself into the bay. To be sure we are ther:
While Nietzsche wrote very bitterly of them, his regaled with a “ tableau" in which Vanderdecken
personal conduct was far different. His life, con and Senta are represented as ascending to heaven,
sidering his era and environment, was unusually quite like Little Eva in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," or
clean, despite the fact that letters recently dis- | Marguerite in “ Faust," while the demon ship sinks
covered are said to establish the existence of an forever beneath the waves. Perhaps, after a fash-
unacknowledged daughter, for whose welfare he ion, this fulfils Mr. Moore's stipulations, but it does
cherished the liveliest concern. His philosophical so in a theatrical sense only. Otherwise, the entire
doctrines regarding
and his personal opera is a farrago of absurdities, which had long
relations with them seem to have been decidedly since been forgotten but for the magnificent music
at variance. When master of his faculties he was which it contains.
always a gentleman, and those women with whom “ Tannhäuser" followed the “ Dutchman." Here
he was friendly found him a delightful, also we get the" redemption "motive. The heroine,
lovable companion.
Elizabeth, dies in the last act, supposably from a
The manner of Wagner with women was strik- broken heart at the non-return from Rome of the
ingly dissimilar. Upon his own confession his hero, who has gone on pilgrimage there as peni-
moral lapses began early and they never ceased tence for a prolonged sojourn in the Venusberg.
until, late in life, he concluded a lengthy series of Poor Elizabeth, like many of her sex, could not
affaires by eloping with the wife of his best friend. wait. Had she done so a little longer Tannhäuser
He had an inveterate propensity for making love would have returned to her safe and sound and
to the wives of men to whom he was deeply obli- forgiven for his sins, for the rod had blossomed to
gated, and his minor peecadilloes were frequent. betoken that fact. When he does return and finds
Much sympathy has been solicited for him because her dead, he straightway recants his repentance and
of his unfortunate first marriage — but, as goes over to Venus again — which is not to be won-
matter of fact, while Minna Planer was not blame dered at when that goddess is impersonated, let us
less, Wagner was well aware of her " and say, by Mme. Olive Fremstad, beside whom no
indifferent to it. Indeed, we look in vain through- | Elizabeth of the present time has, to drop into the
66 the
sex
even
past"


194
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
? closes
This may
vernacular, a ghost of a show. There is a closing mund, but can not. She succors Sieglinde, but only
intimation that Tannhäuser will yet be saved by the until the latter gives birth to Siegfried, when she
intercessions of Elizabeth at the heavenly throne - perishes miserably, like a hunted animal; Wotan,
but of his salvation we cannot, alas, help having in the interim, having stripped Brünnhilde of her
grave misgivings.
immortality and left her at the mercy of the first
With these two excursions, the “redemption " comer brave enough to penetrate the wall of flame
idea seems to have palled on Wagner, and with
with which she is surrounded. Siegfried proves the
“Lohengrin” he abruptly transposes it into the conquering hero — but from the moment he links
masculine key. There are two female characters, his fate with hers, his feet are set in the pathway
Elsa and Ortrud. The latter is certainly one of to destruction. The “ situation” goes from bad to
the most malignant ladies known to opera, and her worse, despite the frantic efforts of Briinnhilde;
idea of saving the situation is, preferably, by woe is heaped upon woe, and the Ring
murder. As for Elsa, she has been pronounced, in
with the downfall of gods, demi-gods, and mortals,
the words of an ardent Wagnerian, “a stupid, “in one red burial blent." The curse of the Rhine-
shallow, faithless creature," with the farther ver gold has prevailed over them all. There is, I be-
dict that “So pitiable a specimen of feminine
lieve, a work of several hundred pages, composed
inquisitiveness, bad temper and ungenerosity has by a Perfect Wagnerite, with the impressive title,
never been put on the stage as the heroine of a “ The Ethics of Wagner's Ring of the Nibelungs."
grand opera." Lohengrin saves Elsa from being
save the situation" - but Brünnhilde
burnt at the stake, and she requites him by vio-
could not.
lating his most express and sacred injunction. "Parsifal,” the work of his old age, was Wagner's
Whereupon he promptly retires to the mystical last opera. There is but one female character
realm of Montsalvat, whence he came; where, we
Kundry. She begins as an infamous sort of a
are assured, the suggestion of Plato regarding the Lamia, against whose seductions Parsifal is, hap-
ideal republic has been adopted and ladies are not pily, proof; and ends as a penitent for whose
persona grata.
transformation, or, indeed, presence, it is difficult
“ Tristan and Isolde” is Wagner's master-work,
to account. It has been said (by Mr. Ernest New-
and from it we gather these items: That the man) that in Kundry Wagner sought to limn“ the
heroine, Isolde, first endeavored to poison the hero,
eternal and infernal womanly, the destroyer and
but, the fatal draught having been changed by the
the savior of man" — but that “all we see upon
faithful Brangaene, who had other things in view the stage is a German prima-donna, stout of build
and knew that to kill Tristan in the first act would and heavy of movement.” Evidently Mr. Newman
never do, both partook of a love-potion, with never saw Mme. Fremstad as Kundry, or this
entirely different results. Nevertheless, Isolde is
observation would not have escaped him. But —
not going to save Tristan, nor regenerate him. She Kundry neither saves, inspires, nor regenerates.
does not even inspire him - it was the potion
She is a wicked temptress who becomes a peniten-
which did that! But Isolde will be the death of
tial handmaiden. The first guise, only, presents her
him — for, in the second act, although the perspi-
to us in the active voice - and then Parsifal turns
cacious Brangaene warns her that treachery is
from her in loathing and, having regenerated him-
afoot, she insists upon calling Tristan into the self, departs to dwell in mystical Montsalvat with
garden, where they are surprised and Melot gives Uncle -- or is it Papa? - Lohengrin; who, as we
him his death-blow. In the third act Tristan dies, know, had long since withdrawn there in order to
and Isolde expires upon his corpse, after warbling get rid of Elsa, and where, as previously stated,
the most beautiful swan-song in musical literature ladies, whether on salvation, inspiration, or regen-
- but how that saves the situation or otherwise eration bent, are, as a placard would inform us in
does poor Tristan any good it is difficult to con-
Berlin, verboten.
ceive.
“Parsifal ” was Wagner's farewell to his public.
The “Meistersinger” is not opera seria, but
It is not exactly a glorification of the eternal fem-
glorified opera buffa. The heroine, Eva, does
The heroine, Eva,' does inine, but, after all, it does sum up his lifelong
inspire the tenore di grazia, Walther, to the im-
attitude toward femininity pretty accurately -
passioned improvisation of the “ Preisleid,” to her saving the fact that he was himself no Parsifal.
own great joy as well as that of the audience; but For, in the beginning he liked to be tempted and
the saving of the situation is done by the real
to yield to temptation; and, latterly, required a
hero, good old Hans Sachs — whose virtue, inci- willing and self-effacing“ ministering angel."
dentally, is his sole reward. As for Beckmesser, Wagner was always Wagner - and, as regards
the one member of the cast cryingly in need of
women, beneath incredible inconsistencies his con-
regeneration, he fails to experience it and is hooted sistency never changed. He needed them, to “ save
out of sight.
the situation " for himself, in real life, from begin-
Wagner's most stupendous achievement, the
ning to end. They also inspired him to the com-
“Ring," with its tetralogy of masterpieces, fails
position of some of the world's most wonderful
altogether to support Mr. Moore's contertion. It
music — but they never regenerated him, just as
has many female characters, but Brünnhilde is the
they regenerated none of his heroes. That he re-
supreme and central one.
From her first appear-
garded them in any light except as ministers to
ance, in “ Die Walküre,” to her final immolation, in
his own pleasure, vanity, and comfort, no con-
“Götterdämmerung," she is the sport of destiny
vincing proof exists.
John L. HERVEY.
and the prey of the gods. She would have Sieg Chicago, Ill., Sept. 7, 1914.


1914]
195
THE DIAL
case
elected to remain in Paris during the siege,
The New Books.
contains the following, so different in tone
from the letters now coming to outsiders from
BEHIND THE SCENES IN PARIS. *
the same quarter :
“ The government does nothing, and when I have
No small part of the interest awakened by said this, I say everything. They say that they
Count Paul Vassili's varied and vivid mem can do nothing and that it is to the Tours delega-
ories, chiefly Parisian, which he entitles tion they must look for an attempt to stop the
“France from Behind the Veil,” lies in the progress of the Prussian army. So long as Gam-
contrast between the picture he presents of betta was here there was some activity in minis-
childish irresponsibility and levity and help-
terial offices; now he has gone there is absolute
lessness on the part of the people of the French stagnation. All these ministers, suddenly called
capital just before the culmination of the trag: totally unprepared, seem lost, and Jules Favre
upon to exercise functions for which they were
edy of forty-four years ago, and the present
looks at the political situation with the same eye
sober and wisely precautionary attitude of the
he would look at some big criminal or civil law
same city in the face of a second similar sit-
from the outlook of an advocate, not from
uation. Foolish self-confidence was fostered that of a statesman. They say he actually cried
by the lying reports of military strength and during his conversation with Bismarck. The ques-
preparedness with which his ministers and ad tion arises whether these tears were genuine ones
visers deceived a ruler who was himself a past of grief, or simply a rhetorical incident.”
master in the arts of vain simulation and Readers of republican predilections will find
theatrical humbug. To-day, with far firmer in Count Vassili's pages little reason to regret
ground beneath their feet, the people of Paris the downfall of the Second Empire, though he
are nevertheless quietly preparing for the paints the portrait of its sovereign in rather
worst while hoping for the best. In September attractive colors and presents to us a quite
of 1870, as the writer had the best of oppor- ravishing albeit weak-minded Empress Eu-
tunities to note,-
génie. Napoleon III. is seen at his best in the
“Life went on just as usual, and save for a few following paragraph:
expressions of wonder, no one seemed quite to
realize the importance of it. The capital began to
“ The Emperor's was essentially a kind nature.
prepare for the siege, rather with mirth than with During the eighteen years of his reign he did an
anything else. To tell the truth, no one seemed to
enormous amount of good, and certainly France
believe in its possibility, and I remember one day, He thought about his people's welfare more than
owes to him a good deal of her present prosperity.
when visiting a friend who was living on the Quai had any previous Sovereign; the economic ques-
Malaquais, she pointed to the Seine flowing softly
tion was one to which he had given his most
under her windows, saying at the same time:
earnest attention. He wanted his country to be
• Croyez-vous que les Prussiens arriveront devant
mes fenêtres comme les Normands jadis sont entrés strong, rich, an example to others in its energetic
á Paris?' ... Another thing which struck me was
progress along the path of material and intel-
that existence out of doors seemed to go on much
lectual development. He was a lover of art; he
as usual, in spite of the bad news that continued
was a keen student, an admirer of literature; and
to pour in. The theatres were full, and people
he appreciated clever men. Catholic in his tastes,
seemed to make the most of the late summer days
he had the rare faculty of forgetting the wrongs
done to him, in the remembrance of the many
that were coming to a close. There was very little
proofs of affection he had experienced. Gifted
excitement, and the feeling that predominated was
one of curiosity. Some people were departing, but
with a sweet and sunny temperament, he had been
not in large numbers, and it was only towards the
brought up in the school of adversity. Amidst all
the grandeur that he enjoyed later on, he never
end of September that people began seriously to
look at the situation."
forgot the lesson; and when misfortune once more
assailed him, he was never heard to murmur, or to
The author had been appointed in 1868 sec-
reproach those whose incapacity had destroyed his
retary to the Russian embassy at Paris, and life's work."
though he prudently withdrew from the
An incident that helps to strengthen the
threatened city while withdrawal was still pos-
conviction that the Emperor was hurried into
sible, he returned at the earliest opportunity
and even during his absence kept himself in-
a rash war by unwise counselors is related by
the author. When the Russian secretary went
formed through correspondence as to the prog-
to congratulate Napoleon on the gratifying
ress of events in the capital. He tells us he
received letters by balloon and by carrier- imperial personage, though it was most un-
results of the Plebiscite of May, 1870, that
pigeons. One of these messages, written in
late September by “an American who had such a demonstration of feeling, did not at-
usual for him to compromise his dignity by
* FRANCE FROM BEHIND THE VEIL. Fifty Years of Social tempt to conceal his delight, but openly de-
and Political Life.
Illustrated.
New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.
clared that the Plebiscite "had not only
By Count Paul
Vassili.


196
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
one
6
his own.
consolidated the dynasty, but also had done well to him, without attempting to interrupt.
away with the legend that represented him as Among his great friends was Jules Lemaître, the
desirous of a foreign war in order to add to
Academician, an amusing, intelligent little man,
his prestige.” He added exultantly: “No rather void of manners, who buzzed about in á
way that would have been aggressive had it not
can say so at present, because, after
France has so positively affirmed its allegiance been so funny. He was full of wit, but sometimes
said gauche things, the value of which did not
to the Empire, it would be madness for me
appear to strike his otherwise critical mind."
to risk losing popularity through a war which,
Concerning another and a greater author,
even if victorious, would nevertheless mate-
and his chief work, the following is of in-
rially impoverish the country." But he seems
terest:
not to have noticed, or to have wilfully disre-
garded, the fact that the vote of Paris was
“ Taine used to spend the greater part of the
hostile to him; and Paris then, as so often
year at Menthon, in Savoy, on the borders of the
Lake of Annecy, and it was during a visit which
before, was potent in the making and unmak-
I paid him there, from Aix-les-Bains, where I was
ing of governments and rulers.
undergoing a cure, that I had with him the longest
From the many excellent pen portraits that and perhaps the most interesting conversation in
the book contains, and that in fact make up the whole time of our intercourse with each other.
the bulk of its contents, a few will here be We discussed many subjects, and among others his
chosen for partial reproduction. The artist
The artist great work, the Origines de la France Contem-
lets us know that he had familiar access to all poraine.' ... He hated anarchy, he thought it his
the most distinguished and interesting persons
duty to show it up in all its vivid horror, and he
present in Paris at the time of his sojourn
tried to write the story of that tragedy with the
there, and we are not unwilling to accept his
same impartiality he would have brought to bear
good offices and make their acquaintance
on the description of it in any other country than
As he told me on that day: “C'est un
through his pages. Of Thiers he writes :
pauvre patriotisme que celui qui s'imagine que
“I had known him even before I came to Paris l'on doit excuser les crimes de son pays, simplement
in an official capacity, had often seen him at the par ce qu'on en est un citoyen.'”
houses of some mutual friends, and we came to
In this connection may be noted the author's
know each other very well. He was one of the
cleverest, nicest little men in the world, and even
rather rash assertion, on an earlier page, that
among the many interesting people who abounded
“patriotism with Frenchmen is mostly a ques-
in France at that time he stood out conspicuously
tion of words; it rarely goes beyond phrases,
as one of the pleasantest. He had many enemies,
full of enthusiasm but devoid of real mean-
which is not to be wondered at if one takes into
French love of country and French
consideration the vivacity which he always dis readiness to make the last sacrifice for coun-
played in his likes and dislikes, and the bitterness, try are too well attested, too apparent at this
or rather the caustic tendencies, of his tongue.
But friends and foes alike were loud in their praise
very moment, to admit of question ; and the
author himself, in the course of his narrative,
of his intelligence, and especially of his wit.
During the whole reign of Louis Philippe, M.
cites several instances of conspicuously patri-
Thiers was a conspicuous figure in Paris society,
otic conduct on the part of distinguished
and, strange to relate, this petit bourgeois had
Frenchmen he has known.
succeeded in entering the most exclusive circles of The writer believes himself to have made a
the Faubourg St. Germain, and contrived to install few original contributions to French history
himself in the favours of its leaders, masculine as of the later nineteenth century. For example,
well as feminine. He was essentially the type of a he was one of those ho visited the Tuileries
middle-class man, in spite of the high offices which
on the evening of that memorable fourth of
he had held, and never could rid himself of the
September which saw the fall of Napoleon
habit of tying a napkin round his neck at meals,
when he was in his family circle, neither would he
III. No one then knew what had become of
go out without the umbrella that remained the
the Empress, though all sorts of rumors were
distinctive sign of that epoch still known as the in the air, and when he visited the Palace he
'époque de Louis Philippe, where the bourgeoisie found that no one there believed she had taken
reigned supreme, and where the Sovereign tried fight. “Indeed,” he adds —"and this is a
by all means to win for himself the sympathies of detail that I believe has never been recorded
the mob by coming down to its level."
elsewhere - I found one of her maids pre-
The following characteristic passage gives a
paring her bed as usual!” And again, speak-
glimpse of a recently deceased French writer ing of the Comte de Chambord, he says: “One
of note.
has spoken of the flag and of the reluctance
“ I have met most of the celebrities of modern
of the Pretender to accept the tricolour, but
France at the Duc d'Aumale's lunches. He was what has never been revealed to this day is
very catholic as to the people whom he invited, that a compromise had been suggested by a
and only required them to be amiable and to listen clever French politician who had been con-
ing.”


1914]
197
THE DIAL
sulted.” This compromise was that the tri of sources, to list editions and portraits. Of
colour should continue to be the national flag course, this is the orthodox way of producing
while the white banner of his ancestors should critical editions under the shadow of universi-
be the new monarch's personal emblem and beties. And Professor Kastner has done the
borne before him on all occasions of ceremony. orthodox thing with a care that reveals his
But even this not dishonorable arrangement patient years of research. But why must such
was finally rejected by the high-principled de work be forever divorced from the utterances
scendant of Louis XIV. The details of this quaint and shrewd and magical that might
affair the writer believes have not hitherto tempt a few who are not literary ascetics to
been fully understood by the world at large. turn the pages of this charming old recluse
Like his former work, “Behind the Veil at who proves after all to be so far the reverse of
the Russian Court,” Count Vassili's present ascetic himself?
ascetic himself? Is it not as important to
volume is full of the curious political infor- quote and comment at length on the odd but
mation - possibly sometimes misinformation strangely acute phrases of Milton's nephew,
and personal gossip with which a veteran Edward Phillips, for instance, as to unearth
diplomat is likely to find his memory well an obscure Italian source of a love-sonnet? To
stored as he looks back over his professional me that estimate of Drummond which David
career, and he writes in a way to hold the Masson has so plausibly conjectured to show
attention, though his anonymous translator | the influence of Milton himself is a phrase
leaves something to be desired on his part. The
that should be carefully weighed in every com-
work is well illustrated.
plete edition. Drummond, says Phillips or
PERCY F. BICKNELL. Milton, was “A genius the most polite and ver-
dant that ever the Scottish nation produced.”
The ideal editor of Drummond should write a
DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORNDEN.* paragraph on that one bizarre but most ex-
pressive word "verdant.
When one sees William Drummond of Haw For while Drummond's amorous and reli-
thornden - whose very name along with Kit gious poetry seems to the reader, in the languor
Marlowe's and Michael Drayton's had such a that Drummond often begets, to be alike in a
special fragrance for Charles Lamb,— in a golden monotone there is in that golden mono-
smartly bound two-volume edition with an ap tone a quiet life that is perpetually alluring
paratus of cuts, variant readings, and notes on however close the dependence on a model or
sources that would do credit to an editor of a however interminable the recurrence of fa-
Greek poet, one is likely to receive such a labor vored and self-indulging phrases. Whoever
of love with a rather absurd ungraciousness. the French or Italian whom Drummond bet-
One remembers the epitaph which Drummond, tered, whatever the reiteration of subject or
in a lovely sonnet, requested Sir William mood, there is the transforming alchemy of
Alexander to engrave on his stone.
the man Drummond and his beloved retreat
“Here Damon lies, whose songs did sometime
Hawthornden which David Masson has de-
scribed in a manner which now seems of an
grace,
The murmuring Esk; may roses shade the archaic school of criticism because of its tinge
place!"
of sentimentalism and its incorrigibly garru-
Turning from these quiet-colored lines, one
lous ways, but which, faded as it may be, has
feels for a moment that such a monumental
that faint fragrance about it which does not
edition of Drummond as that of Professor
lull but quietly awakens. You ponder at lei-
Kastner is in positively bad taste. To be sure
sure with the critic about the origin of certain
this is largely dilettanteish sentimentality. mysterious caves said to be once the hiding
Yet Professor Kastner has not given us the place of Bruce and you wonder whether they
Drummond that we are likely to pull down were the dark strongholds of ancient Pictish
from our shelves over and over again. And kings.
we have a right to tax him with leaving “ Whether of Pictish antiquity, or of later,
his edition so meagre in intimate, beautiful puzzles your powers of conjecture; but it is with
utterances about Drummond by famous critics. an increased respect for the whole mansion that
We have a right to tax the editor with his own you emerge again in the open air, after having
severe refusal to say much of anything him-
seen what ghastly secrecies of some inscrutable
self about Drummond, except to weigh gen-
past underlie its rocky foundations. It is with this
eral estimates coldly, to make bare citations
sense that after observing whatever else is ap-
parent to close inspection of the exterior, you
* POETICAL WORKS OF WILLIAM DRUMMOND OF HAWTHORN continue the walk which leads from it, on one side
Edited by L. E. Kastner, M. A.
of the romantic glen, in the direction of Roslin.
With portraits and facsimiles. New York: Longmans, Green
Turning in this path to look at the house now and
DEN.
In two volumes.
& Co.


198
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
again, at points where there is an opening through from his quiet retreat in his long and quixotic
the trees, you see it as artists most delight to take championship of King Charles. But his pen
it, a tall mass of gables and pinnacles shooting proved fluent and very cogent. Let the poet's
aloft from its crazy socket in the ravine.
So
readers remember his defiant pamphlets writ-
leaving it, you may follow the path till it brings
ten when the Puritans were rapidly sweeping
you down to a wooden bridge crossing the Esk.
over all. Judicious readers can then return
This bridge has a gate on it, so constructed that, if
you pass through, you cannot reopen it from the
to the richly colored courtier poems that came
other side. If you do pass it, you are in the public from quiet Hawthornden with a feeling that
pathway, two miles of which will take you, still they glow more with conviction than with a
through the depths of the glen, with the stream base fire for preferment. Readers may even
now on your left, to the castle and Chapel of return with a delighted smile to that most
Roslin. But, if you would rather keep the sen attractive youthful hyperbole in “Teares on
sation of Hawthornden unmixed, then, though it the Death of Moeliades” (1613), Drummond's
is unusual, there is nothing to prevent you from
stopping your walk at the bridge and retracing of Prince Henry so widely mourned by the
first publication, an elegy on the early death
your steps so as to renew your sight of the house
in all the aspects in which you have already beheld young poets of the Jacobean era.
it, only in reversed order. A noble old sycamore, “Moeliades, O that by Ister's streams,
just in front of the house, five hundred years old Amongst shrill-sounding trumpets, flaming gleams
at least, may then arrest your attention, as well Of warm encrimsoned swords, and cannons' roar,
as the clipped clumps of yew which you noticed Balls thick as rain poured by the Caspian shore,
before. And so, regaining the road by the ascend Amongst crushed lances, ringing helms and
ing avenue, you have seen Hawthornden and will shields,
remember it forever.”
Dismembered bodies ravishing the fields
This pleasant glimpse of Drummond's re In Turkish blood made red like Mars's star,
treat, with some reflection about the pecu-
Thou ended badst thy life and Christian war;
liarly melancholy, yet serene life-giving magic
Or, as brave Burbon; thou hadst made old Rome,
Queen of the world, thy triumph's place and
which we may well assume to be its perennial
tomb !
properties, will help us as we read the poems
themselves to understand precisely that sober
And in dear arras virgins fair had wrought
freshness in Drummond's style which Milton
The bays and trophies to thy country brought;
or Phillips described with the queer but most While some new Homer, imping pens to fame,
happy adjective "verdant."
Deaf Nilus' dwellers had made hear thy name."
But all this places a little too much empha Readers remembering Drummond's unflinch-
sis on Drummond, the dreamer. All supreme ing loyalty in the dark days of the Stuarts
artists are equally dreamers and doers. Drum-
will also read from a later poem, with a de-
mond was not a supreme artist and his dream- light unalloyed by morbid distrust, these
ing overbalanced his doing. But in order to charmingly inappropriate and fantastic prom-
appreciate fully his poetry we must remember ises to King James if he will but tarry long
that he was not a mere dreamer. To be sure in his visit to Scotland.
his dabblings in military mechanics (in which
he emulated at a great distance the versatility
“The wanton wood-nymphs of the verdant spring
of Leonardo da Vinci and other supreme
Blue golden, purple flowers shall to thee bring;
Pomona's fruits the panisks; Thetis' girls
artists of the Renaissance), are not reassuring.
Thy Thule's amber with the ocean pearls;
King Charles granted the poet a letter patent The Tritons, herdsmen of the glassy field,
for a number of proposed inventions includ Shall give thee what far-distant shores can yield,
ing among more than a dozen others equally The Serian fleeces, Erythrean gems,
miraculous :
Vast Plata's silver gold or Peru streams,
“ Instruments of the mortar or siphon kind:
Antarctic parrots, Ethiopian plumes,
whereof the one, on account of its signal use in
Sabaean odours, myrrh, and sweet perfumes;
defending walls and ships, and its truly wonderful
And I, myself, wrapt in a watchet gown,
Of reeds and lilies on my head a crown,
speed, is called thatookedaotikov, vulgarly, The Flat-
Scourer; the other, because of its special utility
Shall incense to thee burn, green altars raise,
for shattering the masts, sails, rigging, and oars of
And yearly sing due paeans to thy praise."
ships, receives the name 'EvouTuNTIKOV, vulgarly, But the court poems are too garish to repre-
The Cutter."
sent what, despite Drummond's love of con-
We turn with a smile from Drummond the ventional mannerisms, I have called his sober
mechanic to Drummond the politician. Here freshness. His love poems will serve our pur-
we find him, like Milton, with a song dying pose better. Here we find the recluse. Con-
on his lips as he turns eagerly to write politi- tent in his own words, “Content with my
cal pamphlets — but not on Milton's side. books and the use of my eyes, I learnt even
Drummond does not seem to have gone much from boyhood to live beneath my fortune; and


1914)
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dwelling by myself as much as I can, I neither Which used in such harmonious strains to flow,
sigh for nor seek aught that is outside me." Is reft from earth to tune those spheres above,
Always ready to hurl a courageous pamphlet
What art thou but a harbinger of woe?
in the teeth of Puritan and Covenanter when
Thy pleasing notes be pleasing notes no more,
But orphan wailings to the fainting ear;
a beloved Stuart needed defence, Drummond
Each stop a sigh, each sound draws forth a tear,
was nevertheless much happier as far as his
Be, therefore, silent as in woods before;
personal interests were concerned, when he
Or, if that any hand to touch thee deign,
could write unmolested of the mystery of the Like widowed turtle still her loss complain."
universe or of the glories and sorrows of
earthly love. In these days when it is still
Now if the modern reader, used to consid-
fashionable among students of English litera- ering the thrust and sting of the modern love
ture to explain away all Petrarchan love lyric as the only badge of sincerity, is troubled
affairs, there nevertheless arises no reason for
and dubious over the quaintly and conven-
doubting the story of Drummond's youthful
tionally cut jewels of Petrarchanism let him
mistress and her untimely death. To be sure
turn for a luminous commentary on this sober
Petrarch mourned the death of his Laura, and
freshness for a proof of the sincerity of this
Drummond's sonnets are often but para-
golden monotone, to the reticent but strangely
phrases of French and Italian Petrarchans.
intimate words written by the poet to Sir
But the critic who questions Drummond's sin William Alexander four years after the loss
of the beloved.
cerity for such reasons is truly purblind from
having looked too long at books and too little “And therefore, that now I live, that I enjoy a
at life. Two lovely moods predominate in
dear idleness, sweet solitariness, I have it of Him
Drummond's best love poems, two moods so
and not from Man. Trust in Him; prefer not to
certainties uncertain hopes. Conspiravit in dolores
mutually sympathetic that they seem to blend
nostros haec aestas; sola Dies potent tantum
readily in that golden monotone which I have
lenire dolorem, for we have what to'plain and
already noted as characteristic of Drummond.
regret together and I what alone I must lament."
Though one of these moods is that of exalta-
But Drummond's greatest mood, one which
tion it is an exaltation which (I say it without
neither the memory of the breathing and warm
fear of a phrase which contradicts itself) is
body of his mistress nor the loyalty which
so pensive and gentle that it has intimate kin-
always beat for King James and King Charles
ship with the other mood, the melancholy of could keep long from the spirit that clung so
bereavement. Turn to one of his most beau close to the shadows and wayward lights of
tiful lyrics of exaltation.
Hawthornden, was a favorite mood of those
“ Like the Idalian queen,
Elizabethan predecessors, his poetic brethren:
Her hair about her eyne,
the long pondering over “this vapour, smoke,
With neck and breast's ripe apples to be seen, or spark called Life,” the contemplation of
At first glance of the morn,
mutability, the earnest scrutiny of the signs
In Cyprus' gardens gathering those fair flow'rs of a life hereafter. Like his Elizabethan kins-
Which of her blood were born,
men who achieved with such a large practical
I saw, but fainting saw, my paramours.
sense, not like the more restricted orthodox,
The Graces naked danc'd about the place,
but like the equally pagan and Christian men,
The winds and trees amaz'd
With silence on her gaz'd;
the Marlowes, the Spensers, the Raleighs, the
The flow'rs did smile, like those upon her face, Shakespeares, Drummond realized that medi-
And as their aspen stalks those fingers band,
tation on eternal things, the destiny of man
That she might read my case,
was of the first practical importance in the
A hyacinth I wish'd me in her hand.”
conduct of ordinary daily life. In our genera-
Now this is exaltation but exaltation far tion, when most church-goers are irreligious be-
removed from that of Spenser's exaltation in
cause of their lassitude (that deadly sin which
the “Epithalamion.” It is exaltation, but an
the old ecclesiasts called sloth, accidia) and
exaltation so gentle and timorous that it is because in their lassitude they listen to pastors
half prophetic and we expect to pass with but
who talk languidly about "practical Chris-
the ghost of a modulation to the exquisite tianity” (a phrase which really means positiv-
elegiac key that comes with the death of the ism or mere social morality without religion),
beloved.
men may well go to Drummond to learn that
perspective which comes only from true reli-
“ My lute, be as thou wast when thou didst grow gious meditation and without which, as Drum-
With thy green mother in some shady grove,
When immelodious winds but made thee move,
mond's countryman Carlyle warned us only
And birds on thee their ramage did bestow.
a generation ago, no race can survive for long.
Sith that dear voice which did thy sounds ap-
One does not need to take the mythological lit-
prove,
eralness of the following sonnet as gospel nor


200
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
even believe in anything like the concept at thee, what multitudes shall follow after thee, with
the heart of it to realize that it has a spa them which at that same instant run! In so uni-
ciousness of reflective power, the lack of which versal a calamity, if Death be one, private com-
is one of our gravest and most paralyzing
plaints cannot be heard; with so many royal
checks to progress, not only among the deso-
palaces, it is small loss to see thy poor cabin burn.
Thy death is a piece of the order of this All.”
late pews of a modern church but in the slums
where we would grip the throat of Poverty,
Like an impetuous Elizabethan adventurer on
and try to look steadily at his blue lips and
seas and in majestic dreams, Drummond is
leering eyes.
almost eager for death that he may enrich his
knowledge now so imperfect, that he may
“If with such passing beauty, choice delights,
understand better man's blind, audacious
The Architect of this great round did frame
This palace visible, which World we name,
aspirations. For here on earth:
Yet silly mansion but of mortal wights;
“Science, by the diverse notions of this globe of
How many wonders, what amazing lights,
the brain of man, are become opinions, nay, errors,
Must that triumphing seat of glory claim
and leave the imagination in a thousand labyrinths.
Which doth transcend all this great All's high What is all we know compared with what we know
heights,
not? We have not yet agreed about the chief good
Of whose bright sun ours here is but a beam! and felicity."
O blest abode! O happy dwelling place!
Yet even here one may become greater with a
Where visibly th' Invisible doth reign!
glimpse, at least, of Eternity for
Blest people, who do see true beauty's face,
“ This Sun, that Moon, these Stars, the varying
With whose dark shadows He but earth doth
dance of the spring, summer, autumn, winter is
deign,
that very same which the Golden Age did see.”
All joy is but annoy, all concord strife,
Matched with your endless bliss and happy life.”
Who would not be tempted to hasten to know
more? Whom the gods love die young.
There is at once, I say, something suffocat-
Wherein is the pathos !
ing in this apparently orthodox primness and
conventional imagery and something liberat-
“Life is a journey on a dusty way; the furthest
rest is death. In this, some go more heavily bur-
ing in its bold flight into the universe where
dened than others: swift and active pilgrims come
we must all soar freely at times if we really
to the end of it in the morning, or at noon which
hope to cleanse the terrible finiteness of our
tortoise-paced wretches, clogged with the frag-
tenement districts.
mentary rubbidge of this world, scarce with great
I am not urging that old doctrine which travel crawl unto at midnight.”
makes many modern reformers so impatient. For can any seek substitute for a knowledge
I do not recommend the prayer of the reli of eternity in that which we call on earth
gious quietist who then goes about his own fame?
business and leaves God to do the social re-
“ The huge Egyptian Pyramids, and that grot in
forming. I merely assert that a passionate Pausilipo, though they have wrestled with Time,
contemplation of the universe is essential to and worn upon the vast of days, yet are their
practical reform. This we have forgotten and authors no more known than it is known by what
this we can learn again in the quiet and stead strange earthquakes and deluges isles were divided
fast glow of Drummond's poetry, or even more
from the continent, or hills bursted forth of the
beautiful, I think, his noble prose threnody of valleys.”
mankind, "The Cypress Grove, "" especially in So our poet ponders until Neo-Platonism
the great skeptical or mournful passages that
and Christianity, wedded with no conflict in
precede the calm faith of the close. Death, as
his renaissance mind, teach him that he him-
it seems to many,
self is a master of the universe through his
soul, “an image of that unsearchable Trinity
“Death is the sad estranger of acquaintance, the
in three essential powers, understanding, will,
eternal divorcer of marriage, the ravisher of chil-
dren from their parents, the stealer of parents
memory.
from their children, the interrer of fame, the sole
Nowadays our amorous poets do not dare to
cause of forgetfulness, by which the living talk of write sonnets in the form of catalogues vaunt-
those gone away as of so many shadows, or
ing the superiority of their lady's eyes over
fabulous paladins. ... The ruins of fanes, palaces,
The ruins of fanes, palaces, diamonds, the moon, the sun, lightning; nor
and other magnificent frames, yield a sad prospect do they venture to sing of the Trinity. These
to the soul, and how should it consider the wreck things would be considered insincere in our
of such a wonderful masterpiece as is the body generation, or by many lifeless. Here, on the
without horror q”.
contrary, is the note that pierces the modern
The poet rises quickly from personal fear to reader.
a calm and spacious vision.
I have forgot much, Cynara, gone with the wind,
“This is the highway of mortality, our general Flung roses, roses riotously with the throng,
home; behold what millions have trod it before Dancing to put thy pale lost lillies out of mind."
-


1914]
201
THE DIAL
-
Beside this how antiquated appear such lines lished works. The result is much the same
as these of Drummond:
in every case: the essay, springing up with all
“ As in a dusky and tempestuous night,
the flabbiness and rapidity of a fungus growth,
A star is wont to spread her locks of gold,
reveals the subject not as an organic product
And, while her pleasant rays abroad are roll’d, of his environment and his period, but as a
Some spiteful cloud doth rob us of her sight; mushroom, an excrescence upon the surface of
Fair soul, in this black age so shin'd thou bright, the age. The author is widely read in mod-
And made all eyes with wonder thee behold, ern literature; his writing undulates with
Till ugly Death, depriving us of light,
allusiveness. Yet his penchant for the flashy
In his grim misty arms thee did enfold."
and the ephemerally clever, his predilection
A hundred young men read Dowson now for the erotic and the sensual, give to "mod-
while one reads Drummond. Neither poet ernity” a meaning at once evanescent and re-
will, I think, be forgotten, though Dowson's pellent. This book is clever, impertinent,
audience will shrink and he, too, will seem sacrilegious, salacious -
sacrilegious, salacious - a reminder of the
antiquated. Perhaps Drummond's love poems work of the late Percival Pollard, or of the
will then seem greater because they minister German critic, Alfred Kerr.
so calmly yet tenderly to a mind diseased.
It would not be unfair, perhaps, to call this
And a generation more religious than ours will
book a study, con amore, of modern eroticism
forgive the old poet his occasional theological
were it not for the saving grace of the
creakiness as that generation will forgive his studies of Nietzsche and Disraeli. The spir-
stiff hyperbole. For that generation will have
itual struggle in all great contemporary think-
no longer the morbid fear of “other-worldli- ing, the growing sense of a responsibility
ness” which some of our ethical teachers would transcending the scope of the individual, the
instil in us, but that generation will realize recognition of the problematic nature of life
how through "other-worldliness” comes the in the sphere of moral relationship and the
perspective and firm grasp which alone can
necessity for reconciliation between instinctive
make us truly practical in our most earthly passion and self-control — these one excludes
worldliness.
HERBERT ELLSWORTH CORY. from the category of the spirit here fatuously
labelled "modernity." The author modestly
confesses, at the end of a long essay on Strind-
THE QUINTESSENCE OF “MODERNITY."*
berg: “It is impossible casually to brush the
man aside as some mere paranoiac.” What a
In the age of impressionism, criticism be-
comes relentless in its betrayal of the critic.
narrow escape for Strindberg !— who, but for
this confession of the author, might now be
The expositor of the traits and features, the
lost in the oblivion of Mr. Samuel's condemna-
foibles and frailties, of the contemporary in
art is the patent victim of his own analysis.
“some mere paranoiac.” The serious
If he is peculiarly susceptible to certain influ-
purpose, the ferocious forthrightness of
Wedekind escapes him utterly; he can only
ences in modern thinking, specific features of
current emotionalism, nothing so readily ex-
revel in the riotous sensuality, the wild shame-
lessness of Wedekind's most plebeian pranks.
poses this susceptibility as his own thinking,
his own emotionalism in the face of modern "Frühlings-Erwachen,” the poignant tragedy
Of the author of that marvellous poem of
art-works. For being contemporary with the
of enforced sex-ignorance and betrayed inno-
subjects of his consideration, he inevitably re-
veals them on the side of his own sensitivity.
cence, he can only say in a paragraph of
These observations have pertinent applica- that he plies his knout on that world of abnor-
summation: “It is for his fiendish delectation
tion to the volume of Mr. Samuel's studies, malities called into existence for this express
dealing with “modernities” so diverse as
Stendhal and Wedekind, Heine and Strindberg, ingenious of dances.” The purposive note of
purpose, and writhing prettily in the most
Nietzsche and Marie Corelli — with Disraeli, Schnitzler — the author of "Liebelei"
Schnitzler, Verhaeren, Marinetti. The method
of these “studies” — or better, literary diver-
eludes one who can recommend for perusal
the unmentionable "Reigen"; and upon the
sions — is very simple. Throw in a paragraph
of heavy brush-work generalization; lighten up
conclusion, the genuine tragic conclusion, of
the perspective with a few biographical details
"Liebelei” we have this eloquent comment:
to give an impression of background; then “Our fin de siècle Ophelia rushes madly out
sketch in a poster of the literary figure on
of the house to commit suicide in the nearest
the strength of a few dominant characteristics
brook ... to point the philosophic moral,
which seem to persist throughout his pub- 'A bas la grande passion! Vive l'Amour-
ette!'" Dr. Schnitzler, for all his monot-
By Horace B. Samuel. New York: E. P.
Dutton & Co.
onous preoccupations with the problems of
tion as
• MODERNITIES.


202
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
promiscuity, is one of the most subtly artistic than the importance of the nation in politics,
dramatists of the present era. Yet it is his science, and literature might have suggested.
tolerance for frailty, for infidelity, rather than The inherited lack of sympathy with actual
the magic of his artistry, which wins the gen-participation in creative arts, the mutual de-
erous approbation of his equally tolerant crying of rival native schools, have prevented
interpreter.
a full appreciation of the degree to which, half-
The style of this book, while direct and for unconsciously, England did develop a great
the most part expressive, is marred by the art of her own, contemporary with the found-
extravagance of its imagery, its adjectival ing of British empire, and not unworthy of it
superfluity, and the contortions of its pseudo- in influence.
cleverness. "The bitten mind barks savagely The establishment of British imperial su-
back at its own mad image” is inspired by premacy, prepared by victories over the
Verhaeren's line:
Spanish and the Dutch, was effected in the
“Les chiens du noir espoir ont aboyé ce soir."
eighteenth century by the wars with France,
Stirred by the cycle of Signor Marinetti's “Le culminating in 1759 at Plassey and Quebec.
Démon de la Vitesse,” he thus gets under
Wherever a final limit may yet be drawn, the
way: “For now the poet, stoking the engines century following may be taken as that of un-
of his pounding brain with the monstrous coals
doubted and self-confident mastery. In other
of his own energy, drives his train of Æschy-
activities as well as in the political, it was dur-
lean images (well equipped with all the latest ing this general period that England played
modern inventions) with all the record-break-
her most important rôle. The distinguished con-
ing rapidity of some trans-American express, science, through Newton, Locke, and Berkeley,
tributions of England to philosophy and to
from the 'vermilion terraces of love,' across
'Hindu evenings,' 'tyrannical rivers,' 'aveng-
were made coincident with the first expansion
ing forests,' ‘milleniar torrents,' and 'the
toward empire; the scholarship of Bentley and
dusky corpulence of mountains,' to traverse
Gibbon, the epochal creation of the first novel-
“the delirium of Space' and 'the supreme pla- | ists, fall in the middle eighteenth century.
teaux of an absurd Ideal,' to end finally in
The empire was primarily the work of an
the grinding shock of a collision and all the aristocracy, which determined the direction of
agony of a shipwrecked vessel.” One scarcely art until well into the nineteenth century,
knows whether to breathe: Parvum in multo, until the rising popular forces of industrialism
or Quantum sufficit.
and humanitarianism cost both aristocracy and
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.
classic art their supremacy. Its characteristic
arts were those which ministered to luxury
and family pride - architecture and garden-
CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND.*
ing, furniture and plate, in painting, portrai-
ture. In some of these, we at once recognize,
National prominence and rapid artistic de-
British art showed creative power of a high
velopment are found concurrently in so many
order. The furniture of the Adams antici-
periods of history that it is wise at least to pated that of Louis XVI. and the Empire;
look for a blossoming of art wherever there has the landscape garden, the jardin anglais, swept
been notable success in other fields, like the
the continent like wild-fire. It is less appre-
political and economic. Hellas and Rome,
ciated that in architecture, also, England was
Florence and Venice are the usual supports of first in developing a style destined to victory
such a view; Spain after 1492, France in the on the continent. The furious attacks of Rus-
Grand Siècle, and Germany in the last gen-
kin have blinded two generations against see-
eration tempt comparison. Not all of the arts ing that in its classical architecture of the
necessarily, nor always a special one of them, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries England
have thus responded to contemporary circum has a great and a national art.
stances, but now sculpture, now architecture, The rehabilitation of the classical revival as
now painting, now several arts at once. It is a movement historically conditioned and thor-
rare, indeed, if not unexampled, that a notable oughly vital in its day has been a work of the
expansion in other fields has long failed to be
last few years
it is still far from complete.
accompanied by an escape from provincialism Only in Germany is it understood that art can-
in the field of art.
not have died in 1800, or at any other date;
For English art during the period of British in England and America we have at most tim-
predominance fewer claims have been made idly moved the end forward a decade or two.
It is refreshing therefore to see a book like
* MONUMENTAL CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE IN GREAT BRITAIN
Mr. Richardson's "Monumental Classic Archi-
By A. E. Richardson. Illustrated in photogravure.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
tecture in Great Britain and Ireland during
AND IRELAND IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CEN-
TURIES.


1914)
203
THE DIAL
the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries,”
RECENT FICTION.*
which proceeds from the conviction that his
subject-matter is one worthy of adequate pre-
After all, a novelist needs more than any-
sentation and detailed study. In his handsome thing else a knowledge of people. If he really
folio we have the first assemblage of large has this knowledge even a little skill will
scale photographs and measured drawings of enable him to go a long way toward appeasing
modern classic buildings in England. The that insatiable curiosity about what is going
selection is good, the presentation excellent.
on in other people's minds which intrigues us
The purpose of the text is really hortatory,
all. A novelist must have feeling, else he will
though it is cast in an historical form not the
arouse none in his readers. But was there
best adapted to such a purpose. The author
ever a novelist of insight into human conduct
wishes to urge the desirability of a return to
who did not have feeling? The power to see
monumental classic architecture in important and the capacity to react to the thing seen are
buildings of the present. Under the historical
so bound up together that it is difficult to imag-
method of presentation the buildings have
ine either existing by itself. The novelist
costly to speak for themselves, and very mon-
without feeling is an anomaly. When he
umental and satisfying some of them are.
exists it is because novel-writing is a profes-
Though unstarred in Baedeker, such superb sion as well as an art. He is a novelist for the
compositions as the Lothbury Angle and the
same reason that he might have been a princi-
Lothbury Court of the Bank of England, such pal of a high-school or an expert accountant.
exquisite detail as in the organ loft at Green-
But the true novelist, even if he is a poor
wich Hospital, are worthy the attention of lay- novelist, writes because his perception of the
men as well as of architects. What they teach
human scene is too keen to be contained within
in fact, however, is not that attempts in similar
himself. He must share with others his con-
vein would be successful in the future, but viction, in Mr. Arnold Bennett's phrase, of
that in the England of the eighteenth and “the interestingness of life.” This perception
early nineteenth centuries the classical move-
and this conviction are one. It is out of
ment was deeply rooted and produced magnifi- knowledge about life that feeling about life
cent fruits.
is born. But there are many kinds and degrees
The eighteenth century saw a second dis-
of knowledge about life, even of knowledge of
covery of antiquity so much surpassing the
human beings; and some kinds (as well as
first in exactness of knowledge as to require a
some degrees) are more interesting than
new purification of an architecture which ac-
others. The general rule is that knowledge of
cepted without question the authority of the people is interesting in proportion as it is in-
ancients. With all allowances for the work timate, personal, and concrete, and uninter-
of other nations, the English must be accorded
esting in proportion as it is detached, general,
first place not only in the importance of their
and abstract. Which is to say that a Herbert
early studies in Greece, but in being the first Spencer can never compete with a Charles
to make application of the newly discovered
Dickens.
forms in works of large scale. While France
The Baroness von Suttner was a woman who
was deciding that there was no place for the
saw clearly and felt deeply what war meant
literal reproduction of Greek forms in a mod-
- in the large. If she had seen it as clearly
ern architecture, Stuart and Revett were beget-
and felt it as deeply in the small, she might
ting a generation to whom classic forms were
have written some of those pages in which
Tolstoi gave us war.
But her concern was not
truly their own. Whether a new classical re-
vival in architecture can succeed to-day with-
with the emotions of the individual; it was
out the cultural foundations of the earlier ones, why this carefully written idealistic “romance
rather with the progress of the race. That is
is the question now being argued pro and con
by deeds on both sides of the Atlantic.
of the immediate future,” which is called
“When Thoughts Will Soar” in Mr. Dole's
SIDNEY FISKE KIMBALL.
translation, contains so little that will inevi-
tably engage the reader of fiction. Her last
“ The Keats Letters, Papers and Other Relics”
* WHEN THOUGHTS WILL SOAR. By Baroness Bertha von
will consist of a series of photographic reproduc-
Translated by Nathan Haskell Dole.
tions in facsimile of the letters and papers of Keats
By Opie Read. Chicago:
which the late Sir Charles Dilke bequeathed to the
Corporation of Hampstead. The documents range
PERCH OF THE DEVIL. By Gertrude Atherton. New York:
Frederick A. Stokes Co.
from an early school-book which was owned by the
By Mrs. Ghosal (Srimati Svarna
Kumari Devi). New York: The Macmillan Co.
poet in 1806 down to the tragic letter which he
By John Trevena.
addressed to Fanny Brawne before he started for nerley.
The LAY ANTHONY. By Joseph Hergesheimer.
Italy in May, 1820.
York: Mitchell Kennerley.
-
New York :
Suttner.
Houghton Mifflin Co.
THE NEW MR. HOWERSON.
Reilly & Britton Co.
AN UNFINISHED SONG.
GRANITE.
New York: Mitchell Ken-
New


204
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
6
novel, like her earlier ones, is bound to gain | Tagore. And though she has not his genius,
our respect; but as her vision is too far from she has some of his qualities. She knows what
the immediate present, so her story is too far she has to tell, and she tells it with a simplic-
from immediate reality to capture our inter- ity and directness almost childlike. The story
est spontaneously. Her heroine, a feminist of is a Hindu girl's account of her love, first for
the sort to whom an anti-feminist would be a man who proved untrustworthy, and then
the last to object--so impossible is it to find
- so impossible is it to find for another who proved worthy. She thought
a flaw in her— is only a device by which to it a hopeless love because her father had
point the way toward universal peace. She already arranged a marriage for her in the
does not touch us.
Hindu fashion. Happily the man she loves
Mr. Opie Read, whose reputation as a teller and the man she is to marry prove to be the
of stories is wider than any he has ever made same person. The flavor of the narrative may
as a novelist, knows more about men and be found in this passage, on the last page but
women than he chooses to tell us in "The New one:
Mr. Howerson. His theme — the regenera “I thought at one time that individuality dis-
tion of a man — is one that has tempted most appeared in love, and that love was all self-abne-
writers, and tempted them to vanity. Mengation, but now I find that as light and shade are
are regenerated; and there is perhaps no proc-
both required for a landscape, so altercations and
ess about which we are more curious. But
demands are also adjuncts of love, and in this way
love is kept ever young.
Mr. Read is an incorrigible rhetorician, a man
“At any rate in our lives love is full of chal-
who can no more keep the flowers out of his lenge. You do not love me,' I say mockingly,
speech than the humor out of his eye. He is
'you love the companion of your childhood.'
at the mercy of his old habits, and so we read " "You do not love me, is the inevitable reply.
sentences like this:
You love the man you met at your sister's house,
the doctor.'
Then he bought a watch, wondering as to who
was now wearing a ticker of life's seconds once
“And now I leave to the judgment of the reader
the timekeeper of his father's sermons, a proud
to decide whom I have loved. Did I love the com-
possession, but long since entrusted to a stranger panion of my childhood and perceive the reflection
over whose door hung a bunch of enormous grapes,
of him in the doctor whom I met again as a man
but only three in number."
and a stranger, or did I love the man, and obtain
the companion of my childhood by accident ?"
That is not a typical example, but it is per Dartmoor, which is generally regarded as a
haps an average one. There is a kindly wit specialty of Mr. Eden Phillpotts's, has for
on many a page, a wit that does not appear in long been the chosen scene of another novelist,
the sentence quoted; and there is ineptitude Mr. John Trevena. “Granite” is at least the
also. Neither is a substitute for the facts, the sixth of his stories of this country. Mr. Tre-
solid human stuff which is the essential mate vena is what is called a stylist, but his novels
rial of novels.
are not dependent on their "literary” qual-
An old nickname for Butte, Montana, fur- ity. He is full of the lore of peasants. He
nishes the title for Mrs. Atherton's new novel, knows their speech, their customs, and their
“Perch of the Devil.” The hero digs millions bitter humor. But of course he is not himself
out of a mine; the heroine absorbs culture a peasant, and like other men who write of a
from a schoolteacher; the result is a happy people among whom they do not properly be-
adjustment of their warring natures. But be long, he has always a tendency to make melo-
fore Ida learned to wear her clothes — one drama of what he has seen but not truly lived.
does not wear clothes passably: one wears It would seem simple enough for a man who
them well or ill — Gregory fell in love with has lived alone in a cabin on Dartmoor for
Ora, who had been born to these things. Mrs. years to put the people he has known before
Atherton manages to convey an adequate us without the touch of false strangeness. But
notion of how Ida contrived to acquire the it is not. Mr. Trevena has tried, and tried as
manners of the upper middle class — they are the artist must, but he has not altogether suc-
not such elaborate manners that they cannot ceeded. What he has accomplished is a piece
be acquired after maturity! But the triangle of work that, were it about Brown County,
is not so simple. Like a hundred other nov Indiana, instead of Dartmoor, England, would
elists, Mrs. Atherton has failed to do the im be bound to interest many American readers.
possible. She has tried to make us believe that The first chapters of "The Lay Anthony”
Gregory's love for Ora was a supreme passion, are surprisingly good. Mr. Hergesheimer has
and that he was happy in giving it up. Her evidently taken great pains to select the pre-
attempt is hardly to be respected, however re cise details which would suggest his young
spectable it may be.
hero and the American town in which he lives.
Mrs. Ghosal is a sister of Mr. Rabindranath | I thought as I read these pages that I had dis-


1914)
205
THE DIAL
covered a writer who knew American life and of unfamiliarity with things American which
had both the courage and the skill to record it. we expect in a foreigner's account of his ex-
But Mr. Hergesheimer is bound to move his periences in this country. But they are few.
readers at any cost. He is not satisfied with He calls one of our foremost educational insti.
the stuff he has in his head; he must dress it tutions “Princetown University," and his
up with the stuff that he has found in yellow brief biographical sketch of James B. Angell,
newspapers and in the speeches of romantic who served as one of the three United States
social workers. “The Lay Anthony" ends representatives in the conference already re-
with one of the situations made so familiar by ferred to, contains no mention of the Michigan
the "white slave" literature of the past two University presidency so long held by Dr.
or three years. It is a pity, because Mr. Her- Angell, though it does speak of his professor-
gesheimer undoubtedly knows a number of ship at Brown University and his mission to
things that his readers would have been glad China. Among the qualities noted in the
to learn, in place of this clap-trap.
character of the “chief," as Mr. Chamberlain
LUCIAN CARY. is occasionally called, the following is of in-
terest: “He never lost an opportunity of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
devouring current literature, which interested
him far more than conversation with dull
Characteristics
Sir Willoughby Maycock had his people. I have never met anyone who could
of Joseph book, “With Mr. Chamberlain in master the contents of a book so rapidly as
Chamberlain.
the United States, 1887-88,” all Mr. Chamberlain.
Mr. Chamberlain. I remember his reading
written and on the point of publication, when
‘Ben Hur,' which appeared about that time
an unexpected and melancholy timeliness was
and was much talked of, in about a couple of
given to it by the sudden death of the man
hours, and I don't believe he skipped a line."
whom he had so admiringly portrayed and
The full text of the fisheries treaty, signed at
whose name was to have appeared in a dedica-
Washington by the several commissioners
tion of the work. Mr. Chamberlain had
February 15, 1888, is reproduced, with enough
“evinced great interest” in the book's prep-
related matter to satisfy readers interested in
aration, and presumably its details, so far as
the historical and diplomatic phase of the
they touch on his personal history and public famous English statesman's first visit to our
services, are of that degree of accuracy which
shores. The author has certainly allowed
he himself would have desired. The author
sufficient time to pass since then to enable him
was assistant secretary to the special mission
to give the event its proper perspective.
appointed by Great Britain in 1887 to confer
(Chatto & Windus.)
with representatives of this country on the
subject of the fisheries question, which had
The classic account of the won-
become a rather vexatious matter of dispute
The golden age derful awakening of Portugal in
of Portugal.
since the expiration in 1885 of the treaty
the fifteenth century is the his-
defining the rights of each of the interested tory of that period by the late J. P. Oliveira
parties. Mr. Chamberlain was senior member Martins entitled “Os Filhos de D. Joao I."
of the British mission, and as such was re-
(The Sons of John I.). This great study has
ceived in this country with appropriate recently appeared in an English translation,
honors. It was his first visit, and one of its the joint product of James Johnston Abrams
results, of the greatest interest to him, was
and William E. Reynolds. In order to give
the winning of an American wife in the person
the work a title that has a definite meaning
of Miss Mary E. Endicott, daughter of our to English and American readers, the trans-
then Secretary of War. It will be readily lators have called it “The Golden Age of
conjectured that the visit as a whole, from Prince Henry the Navigator" (Dutton). It is
November, 1887, to February, 1888, was suffi-
not to be inferred, however, that Prince Henry
ciently full of society events and travel inci is the hero or even the leading character of the
dents, including a brief sojourn in Canada,
work: John I. had six sons, all of whom had
to furnish a readable volume of some size important parts to play in Portuguese history,
from the assistant secretary's pen. His nar-
and the author traces the careers of all. If he
rative is considerably extended with press finds a hero among them it is Peter the Trav-
clippings pertinent to the matters in hand, eller, for whose philosophic patience and gov-
and there are many illustrations, among which ernmental ideas the learned author shows
should be noted the author's own amateur much admiration. His picture of the great
efforts at pen-and-ink drawing, which give a Prince Henry is decidedly unsympathetic: he
welcome and amusing variety to the work. describes him as a hard-hearted fanatic, ob-
Not lacking, too, are the occasional betrayals sessed with ideas of exploration and conquest


206
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
of no
which finally led to the ruin of the father-probably errs almost as much on the side of
land. It is Martins's opinion that, although depreciation as the biographies have erred on
the Portuguese discoveries along the African the side of praise. “It is always Judas,” said
coast and in the East Indies were of great Wilde, “who is the biographer”; but Judas
value to Europe and to civilization, their may have something significant to say. In
benefit to Portugal was merely temporary. this case he has not very much. It
For imperial expansion and colonization Por- great interest to know that Lord Alfred Doug-
tugal, the author believes, had neither the las paid Wilde's bills; or that Wilde “was
necessary population nor the requisite mate the biggest eater I ever knew''; or that
rial resources. As a result of the new ambi in his last days he lost his “fine head for
tions the national strength was dissipated and liquor.” “He would rise from his seat and
a promising future failed. Prince Henry is say, “My dear fellow, I am sorry, but I per-
also held responsible for the introduction of ceive that I am drunk.
ceive that I am drunk.'” These biographical
negro slavery into Portugal and the conse details, however, are more interesting than
quent introduction of Ethiopian blood into the Lord Alfred's attacks on Wilde's literary rep-
Portuguese race. The author shows a strong utation. As to the second part of the title,
bias against the aristocratic element in Portu- Lord Alfred's portrait of himself is not en-
guese life and government, due, no doubt, to gaging. Even if we accept all that he says in
his political sympathies, which are those of a his own defence, he remains a pretty thorough-
modern republican. Martins's history posses- | going snob, and a good deal of a cad. “One
ses a rare interest; it has great literary excel can not,” as he remarks, “be the son of the
lences, and the translation appears to have eighth Marquis of Queensberry nor a member
been prepared with much care. There seems of the family of Douglas without having the
to be no good reason, however, for retaining defects of one's qualities.” It is a pity that
the Portuguese forms of proper names in a one of these defects should be a desire to pub-
work that has such a positive popular appeal, lish the others.
especially since practically all such names have
Unless a man has a compelling
recognized English equivalents. Twelve at The exacting
profession of love for the forester's life and
tractive illustrations, chiefly pictures of his forestry.
the forester's work, let him give
toric places, add greatly to the value of the
work.
the profession a wide berth, is Mr. Gifford
Pinchot's opening word of advice to readers
Lord Alfred Douglas rakes over
of his succinct and excellent handbook, “The
Uncalled-for
an unsavory affair in his “Oscar Training of a Forester" (Lippincott). Indis-
Wilde and Myself” (Duffield). putable is his assertion that “to the man whom
His excuses for doing so are both pitiably and it really suits, forestry offers a career more
laughably inadequate. In the first place, he attractive, it may be said in all fairness, than
is on bad terms with some of Wilde's other any other career whatsoever"; but he states
friends and biographers who have accused | the fact as if it were not equally true of all
him of exerting an evil influence over Wilde callings, from the clergyman's to the hang-
and spending Wilde's substance in riotous liv man's. To Mr. Pinchot himself, as his book
ing, and have hinted at graver charges. In abundantly proves, the work of the Forester
the second place, and this is his main motive, (invariably with a capital F) is the one work
he wishes to forestall the damage that may be preëminently worth doing in the world, and
done to his fair fame by the possible publica- it is the author's enthusiasm, backed by his
tion of large unprinted portions of Wilde's thorough knowledge of his subject, that gives
“De Profundis” in the year 1960! The manu to his pages their readability and persuasive-
script is now deposited in the British Museum
In sixteen brief chapters or sections he
with the understanding that it is not to be treats of the forest itself, the forest and the
published before that year; but certain parts nation, the forester's professional equipment,
of it were read in court in connection with a his point of view, the personal qualities he
libel suit. Even if in 1960 the world is inter-should possess, the various branches of his
ested in Oscar Wilde, the idea that in that work, national and state and private forestry,
year of grace anybody will be interested in forestry schools, the forester's opportunity,
Lord Alfred Douglas is sufficiently.grotesque. and kindred subjects. Emphasis is laid on
But the futility of his present performance the necessity that the would-be successful for-
is heightened by the fact that he has been for ester have persistence and enthusiasm, the will
bidden by an injunction to quote the attacks to keep everlastingly at it, and the vision to
which it is his chief purpose to answer. His realize the meaning and value of the results
book is the angry outcry of a man who feels he is striving to attain. The obvious applica-
abused. Of course it is unfair to Wilde; it Ibility of this principle to every worthy calling
attacks on
Oscar Wilde.
ness.


1914]
207
THE DIAL
our public
land history.
of an American
statesman.
in the range of human activity does not reader. The author claims a forty years'
diminish its pertinency in the present instance. acquaintance with the country; the "pleas-
Young men with any inclination for the pro- ant task” of writing the book was begun
fession so worthily represented by Mr. Pinchot four years ago. But, sometimes a weight of
should not fail to read his book. Eight illus- knowledge may become a handicap to a
trations from photographs help to impart its writer; he finds it so hard to get far enough
lesson and enhance its attractiveness.
away from his authorities that his style and
manner drag. The book is less readable than
Mr. R. G. Wellington's mono one would expect considering the special lit-
A chapter in
graph, “The Political and Sec erary and intrinsic picturesqueness of these
tional Influence of the Public regions; nevertheless, it may well be given a
Lands, 1828-1842" (Houghton), constitutes a place on the reference shelf, or in the travel
valuable addition to the literature of the pub- library of those specially interested in minute,
lic domain. While the intensive part of the antiquarian lore. The volume is copiously and
book begins with the passage of the tariff of beautifully illustrated by the drawings of
1828, a preliminary chapter gives a review of Mr. Edmund H. New; a map at the end ena-
the period since 1820, so that the work con bles the reader to follow with exactness the
nects with Professor Treat’s volume upon author's itinerary.
“The National Land System, 1785-1820." In
the body of his little book, Professor Welling-
We noted a year or two ago the
Correspondence
ton gives a minute analysis of the general
appearance of the first volume
legislation with regard to the public lands
of the Letters of Richard Henry
enacted or proposed in Congress, and shows Lee, edited by Dr. James Curtis Ballagh, of
the relation of the votes of parties upon this the University of Pennsylvania, and published
subject to the votes upon the tariff and inter- | by the Macmillan Co. under the auspices of
nal improvements, and to those upon the gen the Society of the Colonial Dames of America.
eral financial policy of the United States. The work is now completed by a second vol-
With truly commendable industry, Professor ume, of nearly six hundred pages, with a full
Wellington has traced the history of the many index to the entire collection. As with most
important land bills in their weary parliamen of the letter writers among our Revolutionary
tary course, and has carefully analyzed the fathers, these pages make their appeal to the
votes by congressional districts and states. casual reader as well as to the seeker after
Through the latter study, he is able to present the facts of history. The present volume
the sectional relation of the public land ques covers fifteen years, from 1779 to 1794, the last
tion, and to show how the East and the South letter bearing a date only three months pre-
tried to bargain with the West in regard to vious to Mr. Lee's death. Under present cir-
land measures, and how the presidential aspi-cumstances we are glad to quote the following
rants of the time were influenced by these paragraph from this closing letter, directed to
sectional currents. The scope of the book is President Washington:
limited almost exclusively to these political
“ The success and happiness of the United States
bearings of the public land question. There is our care, and if the nations of Europe approve
is no attempt to discuss the deeper importance war, we surely may be permitted to cultivate the
of the public lands, and little is said about the arts of peace. And it is really a happiness to
actual working of the land system in the states
reflect that if war should befall us, our government
and territories; but what Professor Welling- will not promote it; but give cause to all who
ton undertook to do, he has accomplished with
venerate humanity to revere the Rulers here."
success.
The title “Shakespeare's Coun-
BRIEFER MENTION.
A Shakespearean try” in the “Highways and By-
ways'' series (Macmillan) be-
Four new volumes in Mr. John C. Van Dyke's
comes very elastic, as treated by the Ven.
series of “ New Guides to Old Masters" (Scribner)
W. H. Hutton. Of the four hundred and are at hand. These are, respectively: “ Munich,
forty closely printed pages of the book, only | Frankfort and Cassel,” grouped in one volume,
about one-half have to do with the neigh “Berlin and Dresden” in another, “ Vienna and
borhood of Stratford and Warwickshire in Budapest” in another, and “Madrid” by itself.
general. In the remainder, we are taken
An interesting feature of these volumes, as of their
to regions somewhat afield — regions of anti- predecessors, is that however much traditional
attributions may be questioned, the æsthetic value of
quarian rather than literary interest. This
each canvas is never ignored. “Venetian painting,
will be regarded as a merit or a blemish, quite good enough for Giorgione, and in spite of
according to the taste of the individual | one's doubts, possibly by him.” This kind of expo-


208
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
IAL
NOTES.
on
sition is precisely what the intelligent tourist needs
a critical discussion of the work before which
he stands, comparing it with other works by the
same artist.
Pierre Loti's memorable impressionistic work on
the land of the Pharaohs appears in a new printing
from the house of Duffield & Co., which first sent
it forth to American readers early in 1910. Its
English title, “Egypt," is far more appropriate
than the French name (“ La Mort de Philæ")
under which it appeared in the author's own coun-
try. Mr. W. P. Baines is the competent translator,
and Mr. A. Lamplough has supplied “ eight illus-
trations in colour according to the announce-
ment on the title-page; but the most diligent
search fails to discover a single one of these art-
products in the copy at hand. The propriety of
the French title appears only in the closing chapter,
The Passing of Philæ."
Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical papers (“Qua-
derni d’Anatomia”) in the Royal Library at
Windsor have since 1911 been appearing in annual
volumes under the editorship of three members of
the University of Christiania (Ove C. L. Vangen-
stein, M.A., A. Fonahn, M.D., and H. Hopstock,
M.D.) and 'with the publisher's imprint of Jacob
Dybwad, Christiania. Collotype reproductions of
drawings and text, with English and German
translations of the latter, render the work as nearly
satisfactory in its completeness as it could well be
made. The remaining volumes will appear,
one at
a time, in September of each year, until the under-
taking is completed in six volumes.
“Librarians,
teachers of medical history, bibliophiles, artists,
and those generally interested,” are advised by the
publisher to send in early orders for this work,
which, as soon as two-thirds of the edition is sold,
will be obtainable only at an advanced price, and
which, the publisher predicts, will in a few years'
time be rare if not unobtainable.
The publication of the “Journal of the House of
Burgesses of Virginia," by the Virginia State
Library, is continued under the editorial super-
vision of State Librarian H. R. McIlwaine, with
a volume containing records of the Assembly from
1695 to 1702, a period of great importance in
European and American history. The originals of
these Journals are not known to be in existence
and this publication is from transcripts made of
copies in the English Public Record Office. As in
former volumes, the editorial work is very carefully
done. There is a good index by names and subjects
and the membership roll of each session is carefully
made up. During the years covered by this volume
William III. of England was in the midst of his
European wars, fighting as a champion of Prot-
Mr. Jack London's newest novel,“ The Mutiny of
the Elsinore,” will be published immediately by
Messrs. Macmillan.
Mr. John G. Neihardt's new novel,“ Life's Lure,"
is a story of life in a western mining camp. Mr.
Mitchell Kennerley will publish it immediately.
Among the novels to be looked forward to this
autumn are three by M. Anatole France which
Mr. John Lane will bring out in English transla-
tions.
Mrs. Mary Wilkins Freeman's latest volume is
entitled “The Copy Cat and Other Stories," and it
is announced for publication this month by Messrs.
Harper & Bros.
Mrs. Humphry Ward's new novel,“ Delia Blanch-
flower," is described as an English society ro-
mance" by her publishers, Hearst's International
Library Co.
Mr. Alexander Teixeira de Mattos has translated
another of M. Fabre's delightful books,“ The Wild
Bee,” which Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. announce
for autumn publication.
Professor Henry P. Johnston, of Yale, has made
a new study of Nathan Hale, based partly on letters
and journals recently discovered, which the Yale
University Press will publish immediately.
Mr. Upton Sinclair's new novel, “ Sylvia's Mar-
riage,” is the second volume of a trilogy which
began last year with “ Sylvia.” Messrs. John C.
Winston Co. will publish the book at once.
Mr. George Stevenson is a young English writer
whose new novel, “ Jenny Cartwright " has at-
tracted favorable attention in the London weeklies.
Mr. John Lane will publish the book on this side at
once.
The new novel by the author of " Elizabeth and
Her German Garden," a book which particularly
pleased Mr. H. G. Wells, is entitled “ The Pastor's
Wife.” Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. will pub-
lish it at once.
Mr. Frank Harris's “ Contemporary Portraits,"
which Mr. Mitchell Kennerley will publish in No-
vember, records conversations with Swinburne,
George Meredith, Robert Browning, Oscar Wilde,
Whistler, Sir Richard Burton, Renan, Verlaine, and
M. Anatole France.
Mrs. Elsie Clews Parson's new book, " Fear and
Conventionality," defines conventionality as that
part of "man's system of protection against change
which, with the lessening of his fear of change, he
has begun to examine and even to forego.” The
book will be published shortly by Messrs. Putnam.
“The New Republic," a weekly review of politics
and the arts in which Mr. Herbert Croly and Mr.
Walter Lippmann are interested, will appear
shortly in New York. Mr. Croly is the author of
“ The Promise of American Life," a book which
attracted much favorable attention two or three
years ago. Mr. Lippmann wrote "A Preface to
Politics," a book which was regarded as in some
measure a repudiation of the socialism to which he
for a time subscribed.
estantism. The conflict spread to "America and
resulted in the first general intercolonial war
between the French and English colonists. The
Proceedings of the Virginia burgesses reflect the
activities of the time. There is much about the
militia, the Indians, the navigation acts, salaries,
taxes, and intercolonial matters. Like the former
volumes, this one is valuable because it shows the
development of an Anglo-American community
from its beginnings.


1914)
209
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
66
It has been the custom of THE DIAL for
many years past to place before its readers at
this time a complete classified list of books
announced for issue during the fall and winter
season by the principal American publishers.
These lists, carefully compiled for our pages
from authentic information obtained especially
for this purpose, have come to be accepted as
a feature of the utmost interest and value
to librarians, booksellers, and private book-
buyers. The list for the present year, here-
with presented, contains nearly two thousand
titles, representing the output of about sixty
publishers. Considerations of space make nec-
essary the carrying over to our next issue of
two departments - “School and College Text-
Books and “Books for the Young.” Some
of the more interesting features among these
announcements are commented upon in the
leading editorial in this issue of THE DIAL.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of S. F. B. Morse, based on his letters and
journals, by Edward L. Morse, 2 vols., illus., $7.50
net.- Rutherford Birchard Hayes, by Charles
Richard Williams, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.--A
Beacon for the Blind, the life of Henry Fawcett,
the postmaster-general of England, by Winifred
Holt, illus., $2.50 net.-A Far Journey, an auto-
biography, by Abraham Mitrie Rih bany, illus., $1.75
net.- Balzac, by Emile Faguet, $2. net.- Gustave
Flaubert, by Emile Faguet, $2. net.— Emile Ver-
haeren, by Stefan Zweig, $2. net.—A Walloon Fam-
ily in America, with the recently discovered journal
of Jesse de Forest, by Mrs. Robert W. de Forest,
limited edition, illus.- The Winter Queen, Elizabeth
of Bohemia, by Marie Hay, cheaper edition, illus.,
$1.50 net.- Modern Biographies, new vols.: Giosue
Carducci, by Orlo Williams; Dr. Barnardo as I
Knew Him, by A. R. Neuman; each 75 cts.
net.- Riverside Popular Biographies, printed from
the plates of the regular editions, first vols.,
group A: The Life and Times of Cavour, by Wil.
liam Roscoe Thayer, 2 vols., $3. net; The Life and
Letters of Martin Luther, by Preserved Smith, $1.50
net; first vols., group B., Great American Authors:
William Cullen Bryant, by John Bigelow; Ralph
Waldo Emerson, by Oliver Wendell Holmes; Wash.
ington Irving, by Charles Dudley Warner; Na-
thaniel Hawthorne, by George E. Woodberry; James
Russell Lowell, by Ferris Greenslet; Henry Wads-
worth Longfellow, by Thomas Wentworth Higgin-
son; Edgar Allan Poe, by George E. Woodberry;
Henry D. Thoreau, by Frank B. Sanborn; Walt
Whitman, by Bliss Perry; John Greenleaf Whittier,
by George R. Carpenter; each 75 cts. net. (Hough-
ton Mifflin Co.)
Immanuel Kant, a study and a comparison with Goethe,
Leonardo da Vinci, Bruno, Plato, and Descartes, by
Houston Stewart Chamberlain, trans. from the Ger-
man by Lord Redesdale, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.-
Chronicles of Erthig on the Dyke, by Albinia Lucy
Cust, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.— Ñollekens and His
Times, by John Thomas Smith, edited by Wilfred
Whitten, 2 vols., illus., $10. net.— The Life of John
Wilkes, by Horace Bleackley, $5. net.— The Berry
Papers, being the correspondence hitherto unpub-
lished of Mary and Agnes Berry, 1763 to 1852,
edited by Lewis Melville, illus., $6. net.—A Painter
of Dreams, short biographies, by A. M. W. Stirling,
illus., $3.50 net.-An Unknown Son of Napoleon,
Count Leon, by Hector Fleischmann, illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., $3. net.- Pauline Bonaparte and Her
Lovers, by Hector Fleischmann, trans. from the
French, illus., $3.50 net.-And That Reminds Me,
reminiscences, by Stanley Coxon, illus., $3.50 net.
On the Track of the Great, recollections of a spe-
cial correspondent,” by Aubrey Stanhope, with por-
trait, $2.50 net.— The Love Affairs of Napoleon, by
Joseph Turquan, trans, from the French by J. Lewis
May, illus., $1.25 net.- The Essex Library, first
vols.: Feodor Dostoieffsky, by J. A. T. Lloyd; The
Life of Cesare Borgia, by Rafael Sabatini; Honore
de Balzac, his life and writings, by Mary F. San-
dars, with Introduction by W. L. Courtenay; each
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soul, and The Land of the Sunrise Sea, a mystery
play and musical drama, by J. F. X. OʻConor, S.J.,
illus., 50 cts. net. (John Lane Co.)


1914]
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THE DIAL
The Thirty-six Dramatic Situations, by George Polti,
trans. from the Italian by Benedict Papot.
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Playing with Love, and The Prologue to Anatol, by
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214
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
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Nicholls, $1.25 net.- The Three Furlongers, by


1914]
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Sheila Kaye-Smith, with frontispiece, $1.25 net.
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Headland.- Highways and Byways of Lincolnshire,


216
[Sept. 16
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by W. F. Rawnsley, illus.— A Guide to South
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each 25 cts. net. (Sully & Kleinteich.)


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Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods,
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a
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and
16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in
GREENWICH VILLAGE.
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Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra.
RE-
Greenwich Village is the American parallel
MITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order,
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tions will begin with the current number. When no direct
posed to know, Greenwich Village had once
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ceived, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is a separate existence of its own, outside the
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Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
pointed out, are even now precise. One who
lives on the north side of Fourteenth Street
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
is technically not a resident of the Village,
while one who lives on the south side is. But
Vol. LVII. OCTOBER 1, 1914. No. 679.
actually, of course, a member of Greenwich
Village is a person of a sort and not too
CONTENTS.
closely of a place: he is a Bohemian. Mr.
Hutchins Hapgood has long been a true (per-
GREENWICH VILLAGE
239
haps the truest) villager, despite a legal
LITERATURE IN WAR AND PEACE. Charles
residence up the Hudson. That “Playboy of
Leonard Moore
241
the Editors' World,” Mr. Jack Reed, pauses
CASUAL COMMENT
243
History in the making. The charm of the
inevitably in the intervals of his journeys to
picaresque.- The decay of the lecture.-A the seats of war to enjoy, and to be enjoyed
royal poet.-- Culture and conquest. The
by, the group which affects Miss Polly Holli-
office of fiction-taster.- Professorial liability
to imposition.- What the people are reading.
day's restaurant, whether that happens to be
- The library editor. The progress of Ro. in Provincetown, Massachusetts, or in Mac-
THE STORY OF A MAGAZINE AND ITS dougal Street, just off Washington Square.
FOUNDER. Peroy F. Bicknell
247
Mr. Lincoln Steffens apparently finds quite
THE APOSTLE OF EUGENICS. T. D. A.
Cockerell
as much of the intellectual refreshment his
249
soul demands at the Liberal Club as at Mrs.
MISS ELLEN KEY'S SOCIALISM. George
Bernard Donlin
250 Mabel Dodge's salon in Fifth Avenue, or in
BRITISH ADMINISTRATION IN EGYPT expounding Christianity to a state's attorney.
AND THE SUDAN. Frederic Austin On the other hand, Mr. Theodore Dreiser,
Ogg.
252
who is hardly a Bohemian in any sense and
RECENT POETRY. Alice C. Henderson
253
Moore's The Sea Is Kind.- Frost's North of
who is probably happiest in the country, has
Boston.– Mrs. Shorter's Madge Linsey, and his abode in a Greenwich Village flat-house.
Other Poems.- MacGill's Songs of the Dead It would be a mistake to draw any very hard
End.- Oppenheim's Songs for the New Age.
and fast lines, or to generalize freely about a
RECENT FICTION. Lucian Cary
255
Dawson's The Raft.- Mrs. Norris's Satur-
group which may be held to include at the one
day's Child.— Mrs. Bacon's To-day's Daugh extreme M. Hippolyte Havel, who washes
ter.-Miss Cooke's Bambi.-Hutchinson's The
dishes for Miss Holliday and refuses to write
Clean Heart. Miss Sidgwick's A Lady of
Leisure.
for any periodical but the “Anarchist Al-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
257
manack," and, at the other, Mr. Louis Unter-
Education in its largest sense. The biog-
meyer, who designs jewelry for a factory in
raphies of two English kings.-A doctor's Jersey and writes for all the magazines in
literary diversions.- Motoring through war-
expectant Europe.--A history of Princeton.
this country and a few in England. Never-
British emigration to North America. theless, certain generalizations might be estab-
The best way to winter in Italy.-A study of
lished, especially by those who perceive the
the Hussite wars.
similarities between Bohemians and under-
BRIEFER MENTION
261
graduates, between the communal spirit of
NOTES
262
TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODICALS
262
Greenwich Village and — if Greenwich Vil-
ADDITIONAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS . 263 lage will pardon our saying so that of Stan-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
268 | ford, or Wisconsin, or Princeton. In the
.
.


240
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
Quarter, where students have been for gen- rapid survey of Bohemia as to be interehange-
erations as much a part of the life as poets, able.
they are lumped off together as a matter of In Greenwich Village there is a young man
long-established custom, and neither resents of less than thirty so unspoiled by ten years
the implication. But in the Village, where of sitting about café tables and gossiping
“Bohemian” is almost an ineptitude and about magazine offices, so pleasant of manner,
“Radical” is almost a title, there is a feeling so appreciative, so round-eyed, and so child-
that the college is one of those established ishly sleepy that many of his younger con-
institutions that require to be combated by frères speak of him
frères speak of him affectionately by a
the true children of progress and that of all diminutive; he could not be duplicated any-
classes undergraduates are the most con where, perhaps, but he is precisely the type
temptibly and irremediably bourgeois. which many a college class has known and
How different it seems to those of us who loved and patronized, - almost as much to his
are neither of the college nor of the Village! resentment as to his delight. There is another
Both institutions - how abominable to speak whose likeness to Oscar Wilde is already dis-
of Greenwich Village as an institution ! — are
tinguishable, though as yet insufficiently culti-
conscious attempts to create a little world vated; his patent sophistication, his passionate
apart, to found a convention less oppressive insincerity, his turn for paradox, his intel-
than that of middle-class society. The middle lectual impertinence, his facility in icono-
classes are so much more concerned about
clastic exegesis — is not he also quite as much
money than about art or scholarship, so much
of the college as of the Eighteen-Nineties in
London and the Nineteen-Hundreds in New
more eager for security than for revolution
York ? And there is a young woman,- but
or for the rehabilitation of the past, so much
more desirous of respectability than of easy
enough of types.
social intercourse or of good-fellowship. Thus by Greenwich Village is reminiscent of the
The very means of self-expression chosen
both the undergraduate and the Bohemian
college. A meeting of the formidable board
permit freedoms (in dress, in speech, in the
which edits "The Masses" must be painfully
manners of social intercourse) which are else-
like the meetings of those boards which edit
where frowned upon. And both of necessity “The Chaparral” at Stanford, or "The
enforce certain restrictions with a rigidity Sphinx” at Wisconsin, or “The Tiger" at
elsewhere unknown. In college it is obligatory Princeton. The editors of “The Masses" take
to look administrative officers askance and to
themselves seriously, but not any more seri-
regard policemen without respect; in Green-ously than their undergraduate prototypes.
wich Village it is editors and policemen. In And if the editor and the cartoonist of "The
both it is adaptability rather than achievement | Masses" can boast of being haled into court
which is the test of personality. The fact that at the instance of the Associated Press, there
adaptability is usually required in the name are sometime editors of “The Sphinx” who
of individuality only emphasizes the point. A can point to an occasion when they were called
person without those amiable vices of whose before the discipline committee of the faculty
potency Stevenson once reminded us would of the University of Wisconsin. Nor is "The
be as far from comfortable at a studio party Masses” any more bitterly critical of the
as in a fraternity house.
established order than are certain college
There are some differences, it is true. The magazines of a similar shape and a like fond-
habit of cigarettes is not acceptable among ness for the illustrated anecdote.
“co-eds," at least not west of the Alleghenies; All these outward and possibly trivial mani-
whereas it is rather demanded of the young festations of likeness between the undergrad-
women of Greenwich Village. An interest in uate and the Bohemian community are but the
sport is expected of the undergraduate; it is sign of an inward identity. The strength of
regarded with amused tolerance by the Bo- the college, and its weakness as well, lies in
hemian. But what is the essential difference the very fact that it is a community banded
between worshipping a captain of football together for mutual protection and mutual
and idealizing a Bill Haywood? The types stimulation under a convention designed to
which are conspicuous in college communities establish kinship among its members. That
are so much like those we might identify in a l is precisely the strength, and the weakness,


1914)
241
THE DIAL
of Bohemia. Both are sanctuaries. Never to his God, that is the way out of the sty of the
have known sanctuary is to have been un-
world.
fortunate. But always to have known sanctu But such high considerations hardly ac-
ary is never to have reached full stature.
count for the popularity of the present wars.
About every college are perpetual college men,
That they are popular seems unquestionable.
adolescents whose development was arrested
None of the peoples concerned have had to be
just as they were reaching manhood. And dragooned by their rulers or leaders into the
about Greenwich Village are perpetual Bo-
fight. Perhaps the commercial era is at an
end and a martial era is beginning. The com-
hemians who have already paused for ten
mercial era has not been all beer and skittles.
years in this most interesting, but incomplete, There is an uncommon amount of poverty and
stage of their development. The best of the misery all over what we denominate the civ-
college - we are speaking here of the college ilized world, as is evidenced by the restlessness
community to the exclusion of the instruc of the peoples, the vast socialistic agitations.
tional program - is delightful; but it is sel- Perhaps the dwellers in the slums, the workers
dom bracing. The best of Bohemia is perhaps | lieve that war will give them something, gain
in the factories, the men behind the plow, be-
the pleasantest society in the world; but it is
seldom stimulating. The one offers play with-
or glory, which they could not hope for in
out responsibility; the other offers gossip lift them out of their dull lives. The fascina-
peace. It is at least an adventure which will
without malice. Both of these are happy mani tion of uniforms and arms, concerted move-
festations of the human spirit, but neither is a ment, the march, the bivouac, the battle, is
substitute for the intellectual intercourse of always strong.
equals.
Anyhow, the dream of universal and per-
petual peace may as well be banished. The
LITERATURE IN WAR AND PEACE.
world had something like such a peace when
it lay at the foot of the Roman empire — and
Perhaps it is bad taste for Americans, who the record is one of the worst pages in human
are apparently set as spectators of the present history. We had better recognize that there
tournament of nations, to speculate on the will always be races or nations or groups of
literary consequences of the world war. But men or single conquerors who will strive for
after we have paid our tribute of horror and the headship of the world. In one of De
pity to what are probably the most appalling Quincey's essays there is an Eastern apologue
events of recorded history, our spirits must about peace which we may be pardoned for
rise to the majesty of these occurrences; we
quoting. In an Asian city, he says, there is
must feel that they indicate or portend a a block of polished granite several cubits in
great change in human thought. There each dimension. It is protected by a temple,
seems to be too much hysteria in the cur and, the legend goes, once in every hundred
rent comment on the situation. For all the years an angel descends and just grazes the
gloom there must be a corresponding glory. It top of the block with its wing. When the
is an old jest that newspapers publish columns granite shall be entirely worn away by this
and pages about a prize fight and then salve recurrent visiting, then, and not until then,
their conscience by editorials condemning the shall peace reign in the world. Certainly it
ring and all its ways. The public reads the
behooves us in America not to live in a Fool's
stories and neglects the editorials --- and so it
and so it Paradise, dreaming of an impossible peace.
probably treats the war news and the preach-
We are out of the current for the moment,
ments which accompany it. Like Dr. Brown's but we do not know when it will eddy around
Rab, mankind “can just never get enough
us. The saying of the Greek sage to Creesus
fighting." Like Budge in “Helen's Babies,” is hackneyed, but does not lose its pith. “O
it wants its heroes “all bluggy."
Craesus, when someone happens along who has
For ourselves we think that this combative better, iron than you, he will have all this
instinct is the glory of our race, that it is a
gold !”
main force which keeps humanity from becom-
Things cannot be as they have been when
ing dull, listless, enervated, and enslaved to this tornado which has burst over Europe has
sordid materiality. Ideal Love, Religion, and spent its force. Among other interests litera-
War are the three royal poetic strands in the ture will suffer a change. For one thing, we
web of life, and no one of them can be spared shall have a change of heroes. From the
in the weaving. For a man to believe that beginning of literature it has been dominated
there is something better or greater than him- by the Man of the Sword. In Homer and
self, whether it be a woman or his country or Virgil, in the Bible and the great books of


242
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
the East, in the epics of the Middle Ages, in and character.
and character. To them man is merely an
Shakespeare and on down to Scott, he has adjunct to woman. They have reversed the
been the central figure. War and Poetry were Biblical story of the rib. And a great line of
one and indissoluble. But something like a popular writers—Mrs. Ward, Mr. Hall Caine,
hundred years ago their divorce was decreed. Miss Marie Corelli, to name only a few_have
The delights of domesticity, the diversions of followed suit. Playwrights have given us the
low life, began to be exclusively pictured. The woman with a past, the woman who did, and
average, unimportant person came into his all other varieties of assertive females. Woman
own. The new, vast reading public wanted to is undoubtedly the most popular institution
see its own features in print; and authors in the world, and we have no word to say
who held to the exceptional and significant against her glorification; but we do not believe
figures of the lords of humanity were as much that her frail form and gentle mind is capable
out of fashion as Æschylus was in the age of of holding the great passions and thoughts
Euripides. One evidence of the truth of all which need to be exhibited in a literary crea-
this is the cult of Jane Austen, the attempt tion of the first class. However, recent English
made in recent years to claim for her the literature has not been all feminine revela-
primacy of the English novel. Her clever tion. Stevenson kept alive the spirit of manly
miniatures of a perfectly insipid society are adventure. He had something of a boy's con-
put forward as superior to the mighty master tempt for woman. “Tigers are proper, but
pieces of Scott. Jane Austen lived in the time girls are not proper,” says Bevis in Richard
of the Napoleonic wars, but their greatness Jefferies's excellent boys' story, and that was
and heroisms and terrors have not the faintest Stevenson's spirit. Mr. Kipling, Sir Rider
reflection in her novels. In “Persuasion" a Haggard, and Sir Conan Doyle (it seems a
group of girls discuss "prize money” like so piece of irony that the greatest of these should
many white-throated sharks. Their only con lack the title) have done the most to keep up
ception of war is that it might provide an the fighting spirit of England. They have all
establishment for one of them.
been Cassandras warning their country of the
But we have gone farther afield than the evils of commercialism and bodying forth
social world in our search for character types. figures of the heroic mood. Mr. Wells seems
We have plunged into the slums, the prisons, to us to have been essentially unheroic. There
the lazarettos, in search of effective charac- is a note of fear, we think, in all his ingenious
ters. We have traded the king, the warrior, and interesting literary inventions. He seems
the thinker, for the village crétin or the city to dread some great cataclysm coming upon
"tough.” Criminals indeed are furnishing a mankind. We do not believe this dread is
large proportion of our book population, and warranted. Man has always been equal to his
with them the detective who follows on their fate, and has fearlessly confronted, if he has
trail. Judging by our novel literature, there not controlled, the elements. So far as we can
"ain't no ten commandments” any more. It see, God never made anything greater than
would be invidious in all this welter of story. the human soul. Mr. Wells has believed that
writing, unredeemed by any gleam of nobility the progress of invention will finally do away
or high purpose or splendor of fate, to pick with war - that it will become too deadly.
out instances. But there are two story series Now the deadliest weapon ever invented was
which have had a great run in America, — that the Roman short sword. In one of Cæsar's
in which “Get Rich Quick Wallingford” battles four hundred thousand human beings
figures and the “Potash and Perlmutter" set. were said to have been slain. If Mr. Wells is
They are undeniably clever and funny, but unheroic, Mr. Bernard Shaw is anti-heroical.
nobody seems to realize that they are horribly He has poured ridicule upon heroism – such
immoral and still more horribly vulgar. If heroism as myriads of men of all classes are
war with its seriousness and terror will deliver displaying to-day on the battlefields of Europe.
us from such base conceptions of life as are Man does not live by bread alone. The
voiced in such literary work, it will be worth commercial era through which we have been
its cost.
passing practically declared that he could —
If the present world war influences litera- and the result is the “Get Rich Quick Wal-
ture as we think it will, it may possibly also lingfords" and the “Potashes and Perlmut-
deliver our novels and plays from female ters." We are not all going to be like that.
domination. For fifty years it has been the Wars are largely protests of the human reason
queen regnant. To take English literature in favor of imagination and high spiritual
alone, the two greatest modern novelists, Mere- things. They are generally worth the treasure
dith and Hardy, have devoted their genius to and blood that is poured out in them. Would
depicting the intricacies of the feminine mind | the North and South to-day resign the robe of


1914)
243
THE DIAL
glory which the Civil War threw over them? looked dubious enough for the indomitable
Could half a century of dull material prog Frederick. “But,” says Macaulay in a pas-
ress equal the value of that war to us? We sage now meriting a re-reading, “the king
believe that the present unparalleled struggle carried on war as no European power has ever
will be equally beneficial; that it will clear carried on war, except the Committee of Pub-
the air like a great thunderstorm; that it will lic Safety during the great agony
energize human character; and that especially French Revolution. He governed his kingdom
it will revitalize literature which was becoming as he would have governed a besieged town,
not only commonplace but common.
not caring to what extent property was de-
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. stroyed, or the pursuits of civil life suspended,
so that he did but make head against the
enemy. As long as there was a man left in
Prussia, that man might carry a musket - as
CASUAL COMMENT.
long as there was a horse left, that horse
might draw artillery. The coin was debased,
HISTORY IN THE MAKING, such as is now
the civil functionaries were left unpaid, in
being written in blood over great areas of the
European continent, has undeniably an in- ceased to exist. But there were still rye-bread
some provinces civil government altogether
tensity of interest not to be found in history and potatoes, there were still lead and gun-
ready-made and formally written out in the
books. At the same time, both these kinds of powder; and, while the means of sustaining
history gain an increased significance when
and destroying life remained, Frederick was
determined to fight it out to the very last."
any striking parallelism can be traced be-
tween them. A fortnight before the German Certainly the present situation is not without
A fortnight before the German dire possibilities that give a very real meaning
forces operating in France had pushed their
way almost to the gates of the French capital, this quotation is made.
to such pages of history as that from which
Dr. G. Stanley Hall, who knows whereof he
speaks by reason of his years of study and
observation in Germany and his service as THE CHARM OF THE PICARESQUE makes it-
war correspondent in the Franco-Prussian self felt in many works of literature beside
conflict of 1870, is said to have declared that those examples of fiction in which the picaro
in two weeks the Kaiser's troops would reach is avowedly the hero or at any rate the not
Paris, and, further, that the German army
least interesting character. The memoirs of
would be found to be unconquerable. Pro- Casanova, the autobiography of Benvenuto
fessor Spenser Wilkinson, occupant of the Cellini, the revelations of personal traits in
chair of military history at Oxford, said in the writings of George Borrow, the account
a recent printed utterance over his own name: of his erratic course of life left to us by that
"Thus Germany and Austria have declared curious specimen of the amateur tramp,
in common that they will have their way in Josiah Flynt — all these and many other sim-
Europe, and that if it is not accepted they ilar writings attract by reason, in part at
will impose it upon Europe by force. If they least, of their picaresque flavor or sugges-
succeed the king of Prussia will be the over tion. Spanish dictionaries define the picaro
lord of Europe. If Europe is to remain free as a rogue, a knave, a loafer - not exactly
the nations that Germany has challenged must complimentary terms, and yet as Mr. Locke so
defeat and disarm her and compel her to be well demonstrates in his story of “The Be-
content to till her own soil and mind her own loved Vagabond,” it is at least theoretically
business, not as a ruler of other nations, but possible to be all three and at the same time
as one among the united states of Europe.' to command other feelings than those of re-
In view of the present manifest determina- pulsion and abhorrence. This well-nigh uni-
tion of the German Kaiser to achieve his versal appeal of the picaresque proves that we
end at any cost, a determination that has are almost all of us endowed with an element
already mustered into service nearly all the of the irresponsible vagabond, the light-
able-bodied men of the empire, the query may hearted, empty-pocketed knight of the road
arise whether the world is to witness a repe that leads anywhither, the self-confident mas-
tition of the desperate measures employed a ter of the day that now is and of the wits
century and a half ago by Emperor William's bestowed upon us at birth. Gil Blas outrages
illustrious predecessor on the Prussian throne, our sense of right a dozen times, but though
Frederick the Great. In the fifth year of the we fling down the book in resentment, we pick
Seven Years' War, beset by foes on the east it up again and go on, until at last the fas-
and west in a manner not without its analogiescinating rogue outgrows his follies, settles
to Germany's present situation, the outcome down to a steady life, and the story neces-


244
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
sarily comes to an end. Dr. Chisholm, in his
Dr. Chisholm, in his the lecturer's function Dr. Jacks not unnat-
varied and entertaining “Recreations of a urally believes to be greatest in the depart-
Physician, one of the season's not least im- ment of philosophy, but he urges the revival
portant books, well says at the end of a chapter of the art of lecturing in all fields of teaching
on the picaro in fiction: “Such feelings (of and inquiry. “The very causes which have
indignation or disapproval] are, however, produced its decline clamor for its revival.'
evanescent. They yield quickly to the charm Professor Robert MacDougall has recently (in
of the picaro, for this remarkable character “The Popular Science Monthly” for Septem-
possesses the strange faculty of retaining our ber) protested against the excessive and debil-
respect amid all the devious vicissitudes of a itating use of the pictorial accompaniment -
dubious career. We feel that he has not be- lantern slides and moving pictures — in lec-
come corrupted by misfortune and roguery, tures of a supposedly educational character.
that his heart remains good. We are inclined “The mind is not taxed but appeased; the
to believe that Teresa would have made a much soi-disant teacher exerts himself to anticipate
better daughter to Don Sancho de Mendoza | the moment of flagging attention, and out of
than his own; we recognize Gil Blas to be an abundant store to supply it at each turn
better than his masters,— Dr. Sangrado, the with
a novel
and pleasurable stimulus.
Archbishop of Granada, the great Duke of Neither the popular entertainer nor the de-
Lerma; Lazaro himself is superior to the men liverer of perfunctory oral discourse to sleepy
he serves. He asks for so little, — some food, students is the true lecturer as conceived by
and a place where he may sleep quietly, and Professor Jacks and Professor MacDougall.
an occasional respite from the incessant blows
of hostile fortune,- that we cannot refuse
A ROYAL POET, far more truly an artist and
him our sympathy. A mere waif, he makes
an idealist, if one may credit the assertions of
an irresistible appeal to our hearts, and his present-day French admirers, than was
therein lies the secret of the success of the
the first of the English Stuarts or the re-
picaro in fiction” and not seldom in real
nowned great-grandson of the Great Elector
life as well.
of Brandenburg, is the little-understood ruler
of all the Russias. The Paris newspaper press
THE DECAY OF THE LECTURE as a means of
is naturally at this time markedly cordial
imparting knowledge and communicating in-
and sympathetic in its attitude toward the
spiration has been ascribed largely to the Romanoff sovereign at St. Petersburg –
rapid increase of printed books. The oral beg his pardon, at Petrograd; and from such
instruction of a Colet or Grocyn or Politian organs of public opinion as the "Figaro" and
or Chalcondylas was sure of its eager hearers, the “Gaulois” a credulous reader would gain
whereas the modern university lecturer is too the impression that the Czar is one of the most
often listened to with languid indifference, artistically gifted, romantically melancholy,
the assumption being that the pith of his dis- cruelly unappreciated, and altogether Hamlet-
course can be readily found in books and like princes ever stretched on the rack of this
“crammed” on the eve of examination. A tough world. So fine are said to be his æsthetic
late utterance of the editor of “The Hibbert sensibilities that he will not tolerate in his
Journal” on the decline of the lecture calls domestic environment any work of art in the
attention to the ever-present need of this least discordant with his tastes. His chosen
mode of instruction. From his timely re authors are stylists, masters of an irreproach-
marks, printed in the New York "Evening able manner and the farthest possible remove
Post,'' some brief extracts are here not out of from those crudities and barbarisms that make
place. “Just because the range of modern the volcanic Gorky a torture to his gentle soul.
knowledge is so vast,” he says, “just because Poems from his pen, but necessarily under an
the printed sources from which knowledge assumed name, circulate among his intimates
may be drawn are so multitudinous and con in limited editions privately printed and jeal-
fusing, there is need of some means by which ously guarded from an undesired publicity.
the student can be placed at the living centre | His muse is melancholy, and this pensiveness
of his subject. This can be provided only by shows itself also in the music he favors and in
the living personality of a master, and to the the school of painting that elicits his appro-
end of time there will be no other way. bation. He talks poetry and art, we are told,
Endow a man with a whole library of well with a quiet appreciation and a wistful smile
written books, but leave him without an in- that make it all but impossible to see in this
spiring personality at the centre of his subject, modest, deferential, ingratiating gentleman of
and the chances are a hundred to one that he refined and cultivated tastes the autocratic
will remain a dabbler.” The importance of head of the Russian Empire. All this is really
we


1914)
245
THE DIAL
.
delightful, if true; and it is more than a little its disagreeable features. As in olden times
puzzling also, but not the first puzzle of the the taster of dishes for the king's table was
sort in the world's history. Marcus Aurelius, exposed to the risk of an occasional mouthful
involved in almost continuous warfare, and of poison, so the person who consents to stand
held responsible for the pitiless persecution between the public and the injurious books
that the Christians suffered in his reign, was pressing for admission to the public library
nevertheless the author of the famous Medi-
may now and then inadvertently swallow a
tations” which have solaced and strengthened morsel of ill-flavored literature. Much fun
so many thousands of readers, and was in his has been made of the supposed committee of
own person a most worthy example of all that prudish old maids who kept the fiction list of
is best in the Stoic philosophy inculcated by the Boston Public Library up to its high
his writings.
standard of moral purity, but in an age when
novels multiply so rapidly as at present
CULTURE AND CONQUEST, in their inter-rela almost any severely restrictive system of pur-
tions, were made the subject of some observa- chase is better than indiscriminate inclusive-
tions from the pen of Friedrich Nietzsche ness. As to the practical workings of the
when he was holding a Basel professorship at Boston method, the Examining Committee of
the close of the Franco-Prussian War. “In the library has this to say of it in its latest
opportune Considerations” he entitled the report: “The process of dealing with works
series of four essays then written by him, and of fiction, with the help of a Reading Com-
from one of them a correspondent of the New mittee made up of men and women of widely
York “Evening Post'' now quotes certain not various interests and tastes, serves well the
inopportune passages, as for example: “Cul purpose of selecting the comparatively small
ture is, above all, unity of artistic style in all number of novels and collected short stories
the activities of a people. But to know and which are purchased under the Library's sys-
to have learned much is neither a necessary tem of limited supply in this field of literature.
means of culture nor a mark of it, and if need This system appears to be based upon a wise
be agrees excellently with the opposite of policy, not only in the service of the public,
culture, barbarism, that is, absence of style, but also in the expenditure of the Library
or the chaotic mix-up of all styles.". And, he funds. Since the accession of a single novel
continues, it is precisely this chaotic mix-up means the purchase of twenty or more copies
that characterizes so-called German culture. – to supply all the shelves, in different parts
“Even if we had really ceased to copy them of the city, on which it must be placed — the
(the French), we should not thereby have limiting of purchase is imperative. A Read-
prevailed over them, but should merely have ing Committee, made up of representatives of
freed ourselves from them; only after we had diverse races and religions, and acting merely
forced an original German culture upon them in an advisory capacity, is well calculated to
could there be any talk of a triumph of Ger- give the Trustees the help they need. We do
man culture. In the meantime let us bear in not find that any racial or religious influence
mind that we still depend upon Paris in all is predominant in the working of this plan.”
matters of form, and that we must so depend;
for so far there is no German original culture. PROFESSORIAL LIABILITY TO IMPOSITION, the
We all ought to know this of ourselves; more high-minded scholar's unsuspecting attitude
over, one of the few who have the right to tell
toward the selfish designs of the less high-
the Germans so in a tone of reproach, has minded, is so familiar to the world both as a
openly disclosed it. “We Germans are of yes-favorite theme in fiction and as a frequent
terday,' Goethe once said to Eckermann; “to subject for remark in daily life, that novelty
be sure, for a century we have cultivated our can hardly be claimed for any illustrations
selves quite diligently, but a couple of cen-
that may by chance from time to time come
turies may yet pass before so much intellectu to one's notice. Professor C. Hanford Hen-
ality and higher culture shall have penetrated derson, in his latest book, “What Is It to Be
our people and become universal that one will Educated ?” calls attention in his closing
be able to say of them: It is a long time since
pages to certain excessive charges imposed,
they were barbarians.'” As history has re-
not upon idealists and dreamers alone, it is
peatedly shown, the culture of the conquered true, but upon few that are less able, pecuni-
is all but invincible.
arily, to bear them. He speaks incidentally of
having in his own person been the victim, or
THE OFFICE OF FICTION-TASTER, as it exists the intended victim, of unscrupulous medical
in the Boston system of selecting novels for practice. “I have had a physician lie to me,'
the public library, has its agreeable and also he relates, “in order to bring me unnecessarily
:


246
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
to his office a second time. I have had one has run its course. The patient must get a
charge me the regular fee for telling me that good deal worse before he can begin to get a
he could do nothing for me and that I must little better.
consult some one else. ... Surgery seems par-
ticularly rapacious. I have known a profes THE LIBRARY EDITOR is a comparatively new
sor's family to lose its summer vacation official on the public library staff, and his
because one of the children developed appen- duties are not yet matter of common knowl-
dicitis, and for that very simple operation, a edge. Such a library as that of New York,
removal of the appendix, was charged a thou-for example, issues a variety of publications,
sand dollars. I have known a wholesome Har-chiefly bibliographical, and the supervision of
vard boy to get into the hands of a Boston
their preparation and issue takes time and
dentist, and to be carried along, week after thought and special knowledge. This post in
week, unnecessarily, until the bill amounted that institution has lately, it is announced,
to one quarter of the boy's yearly income,- a been offered to and accepted by Mr. Edmund
double theft of time and money.” He takes Lester Pearson, whose editing of “The Old
occasion to remark that “that accusing docu- Librarian's Almanack” was the enlivenment
ment, the preface to 'A Doctor's Dilemma, (and the bewilderment, not to say the befool-
has never been successfully answered.” After ment) of the library world a few years ago.
all, even the sorest victim of chicanery may From the Cleveland Public Library's current
comfort himself with the reflection that the Report we learn that a library editor has
impostor is sure in the end to discover that he lately been appointed there, his, or her, duties
has cheated himself.
embracing "several related forms of work:
the editing of library publications, annotation,
WHAT THE PEOPLE ARE READING at present the duties of staff secretary, and a share in
would seem to be chiefly the newspaper bulle-
the publicity work of the library.” The ex-
tin boards and the war extras issued with
cellent“Open Shelf," a briefly but judiciously
lavish prodigality by the newspaper pub- annotated monthly book-list, is prepared by
lishers. Several of the London daily journals the library editor, and other annotated lists
that ordinarily extend to twelve and sixteen on special topics are also the work of her
pages of miscellaneous news now appear in hand. Last year she enlarged her sphere of
editions of eight pages devoted chiefly to con-
usefulness by giving a course of ten lectures
flicting rumors and meagre censored dis on the principles of book selection to the
patches from the seat of war. Few readers apprentice class, and two lectures, on "Trans-
care for anything but war news, the people lations of Foreign Literature” and “Library
can think of but one thing at a time, and even Printing,” to the Western Reserve Library
the American baseball enthusiast follows with School.
languid interest the unsanguinary combat of
the diamond while so much fiercer a struggle THE PROGRESS OF Ro, the universal language
is holding the world in breathless suspense.
invented by Mr. Edward P. Foster of Mari-
Even the advertising pages of our journals etta, Ohio, and described by him as “an a
show the temper of the times. English cloth- priori language, based on the analysis and
iers call attention to their “Active Service classification of ideas,” continues in spite of
Kits,” steamship lines have greatly modified the clash of nations and the crumbling of
or curtailed their solicitations of ocean traffic, kingdoms. “World-Speech," the monthly
the announcements of church services are not publication by which Mr. Foster spreads the
free from reference to the all-absorbing theme, knowledge of his proposed medium for cos-
and in the book-advertising section of one's mopolitan intercourse, has reached its twenty-
newspaper such literary wares as Mr. W. first number, and in this number is printed a
Douglas Newton's story entitled "War" (de- list of fifty-three short and presumably useful
scribing “the progress of an invading army sentences, in four languages, - Ro, English,
through a country" and telling with the cold | French, and German. For instance, what
accuracy of a camera just what happens as could be more serviceable, in certain easily
the army advances”) are brought conspic-conceivable circumstances, than a universal
uously into notice. We may deplore this ab form for the following idea: “I love you.
sorption of attention in so gruesome a theme, Will you marry me?” An emergency might
and the closet philosopher may urge a course arise, too, requiring a universally intelligible
of reading in the “Meditations” of Marcus expression of the fact that "cats kill some
Aurelius and the “Enchiridion” of Epictetus birds, but not ostriches or eagles," or that
as a corrective; but no radical cure of our “the father of the boy bought him a horse
present distemper is possible until the malady yesterday."


1914)
247
THE DIAL
The New Books.
tinuing the struggle, and ran away from his
job, as he expresses it. One of these uncon-
genial labors was school-teaching; the hum-
THE STORY OF A MAGAZINE AND drum of it he could not endure, and though
ITS FOUNDER.*
he thrice tried to hold himself down to the dull
So consuming a passion for accomplishing agony of the country school, he abandoned the
difficult undertakings, so extraordinary a ca attempt each time before the term was ended.
pacity for hard, grinding toil, so remarkable Rather than fill the part of pedagogue he
a power for enduring the hardships and priva- would endure such rigors of impecuniosity as
tions incident to penury, have rarely been pic are pictured in the following passage from his
tured in autobiography as they are presented life at Galesburg:
in Mr. S. S. McClure's account of the struggles “Nearly every night the pail of water in my
of his boy hood, youth, and early manhood in room used to freeze solid and swell up in the
achieving his ambition to get an education and, center. I had a fur cap by this time, and I used
after that, to carry to success his ventures in always to eat my meals walking up and down the
the field of publishing. Born in Ireland, of
room, with my cap and woolen mittens on. I
Scottish and Huguenot ancestry, the future
seldom had anything to eat but bread, and it froze
so hard that it was full of ice and hard to chew.
founder of the popular magazine bearing his
I cannot remember anything more dismal than those
name received as his most valuable inheritance meals in that terribly cold room. A very poor
a sturdy constitution and a self-reliance that divinity student roomed with me for a few weeks-
made him the master of any situation in which a solemn, pious fellow with protruding teeth; and
he was likely to find himself. To the mother I remember, one Sunday when we came home from
we naturally look for some of the traits that church and had nothing but cold corn-meal mush
distinguish the son, and we do not look in vain. for our Sunday dinner, he varied his usual blessing
The opening chapter of "My Autobiography"
as we confronted the dish, and said: 'O Lord,
contains this passage descriptive of Elizabeth bless, we pray thee, this miserable food to our
perishing bodies.' Going to bed, however, was the
Gaston McClure:
greatest hardship. The sheets were so cold, and
“My mother was a girl of unusual physical had been cold for so long, that getting into bed was
vigor and great energy, and had always done farm like plunging naked into a snow-drift. At night
work. She was able to do a man's work and a I usually studied in the public library, or in the
woman's work at the same time. After keeping office of the hotel, or in the waiting-room of the
up with the men in the fields all day, she would depot, where there was always a red-hot stove.”
come in and get supper for them at night. After
Mind triumphed over body to such an extent
her marriage she continued to work on her father's
farn, and my father continued as
that the young student, as he tells us, got so
one of my
grandfather McClure's workmen. It was in my
that he could go to bed supperless without
grandfather Gaston's house at the Frocess that I, feeling any great discomfort; and he might
the first child of this marriage, was born."
even have carried this experiment in cheap
The father's early death, the mother's emi- living so far as to establish the fact that, in
gration with her four boys to America, their
an academic atmosphere and with congenial
desperate struggle for existence in Indiana, the
studies to stimulate the intellect, starvation
eldest son's many and varied industrial efforts
itself is not a disagreeable experience, had not
and at least partial successes, the kindling of his aspect betrayed the critical condition of
his ambition to become an educated man, his
affairs in that comfortless dormitory and
heroic storming of the outworks of Knox Col-
caused his removal to the house of some good
lege with fifteen cents in his pocket and limit- people who soon restored him to physical vigor.
less courage in his breast, the means he resorted
Initiation into the mysteries of printing had
to in order to keep soul and body together dur-
come to Mr. McClure when he was attending
ing his seven years of preparatory and college school at Valparaiso, Indiana, where he served
study, his seven-years engagement to the
for two months as printer's devil on “The
daughter of a Knox professor who frowned on Vidette,” a newspaper published there. Type-
the penniless student's suit for her hand, and setting and the making-up of the paper were
his ultimate success in this as in other cherished quickly learned by the versatile lad, and there-
plans, are all related in the uncircumlocutory
fore he was not ill fitted for the work that came
style natural to one more given to the doing to him later in college, when the editorship of
of deeds than to their rhetorical embellishment. “The Knox College Student” fell to his lot.
Yet there were certain tasks so unsuited to this Of this work he writes :
eager youth's temperament that, after under-
“ In editing the Knox Student I followed ex-
taking them, he felt the hopelessness of con actly the same principles of editing that I after-
ward followed in editing McClure's Magazine.
* MY AUTOBIOGRAPHY. By S. S. McClure.
trations. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Whatever I know about editing I knew in the
With many illus-


248
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
beginning. We had, after the manner of college
papers, a long staff of contributing editors, an
Exchange Editor, a Society Editor, etc. I remem-
ber that at first some of them were very indignant
at the way in which I cut and modified their copy.
There was especial indignation because I cut all
such items as: • Charley Brown was seen walking
across the campus with a vision in white last
Friday afternoon. What about it, Charley?!
Phillips and I had undertaken to make the paper
lively and interesting, and we did n't consider this
form of humor either one or the other."
The Phillips here mentioned was, like his
friend and co-worker, destined for greater
things in the publishing world beyond the col-
lege gates. He is at present editor of “The
American Magazine." Mr. McClure himself
became editor of “The Wheelman” and gained
a further acquaintance with the making of
printed matter in the DeVinne printing house
before he entered on his chosen work of syndi-
cate publication and, later, the building up
of a popular monthly magazine. The strug-
gles of the syndicate to win a footing make
an absorbing story, as do the early fortunes
and misfortunes of the magazine. “I launched
the syndicate," writes Mr. McClure, "Novem-
ber 16, 1884. The first thing I syndicated was
a two-part story by H. H. Boyesen. I had
agreed to pay Boyesen $250 for it, and
although some newspapers in large cities paid
as high as $20 for the right to print it, my
returns on the story aggregated $50 less than
the story cost me. This was a serious situa-
tion for the adventurous young man, as he was
not only without funds for current ex enses,
but he was saddled with a considerable debt.
The story of the hazardous but ultimately very
successful enterprise continues :
“I went down to the Century office and bor-
rowed $5 from a young man I had worked with
there — it must be remembered that I knew almost
no one in New York — and with this $5 I went to
Philadelphia. There I sold two stories, the one by
Boyesen and another by 'J. S. of Dale,' for $45 to
Philadelphia papers.
I borrowed some money
from a relative there, and went on to Washington,
where I also sold my stories, then home. As soon
as I got back to New York, I went to Boston.
There Mr. Howland, of Outing, got me a pass to
Albany. . . . At Albany I sold the service for $5
a week. When I got back to New York I found
letters from several important newspapers, such
as the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the San Fran-
cisco Argonaut — which I had written to but had
not heard from before — agreeing to take the
service at $8 a week. Then I realized that I was
started. I paid Boyesen part of what I owed him,
and lived on the rest, paying him a little more, as
I could. Week after week and month after month
I fell short in this way, and got deeper and deeper
into debt. I got along by paying my authors $10
or $20 on account. I paid out a little less than I
collected, and my actual working capital was the
money I owed authors. I made no secret of this,
and the men who wrote for me were usually
willing to wait for their money, as they realized
that my syndicate was a new source of revenue
which might eventually become very profitable to
them. And it did.”
Similarly the history of the magazine that was
started on no capital and infinite courage
in 1893 is full of hairbreadth escapes from
disastrous failure and long periods of sta-
tionary or declining fortunes, followed at last
by glorious success. Faith and persistence
seem to have served admirably in place of cap-
ital, and it must have required a very firm
faith as well as considerable credit to carry on
an enterprise that was losing four thousand
dollars a month, which was the average deficit
of the magazine in its third year. But two
years later it showed a profit of five thousand
dollars for each issue, and its standing was
thenceforth secure. Here is a glimpse of the
heart-breaking struggle that preceded that
assured prosperity:
“During the first summer of the magazine's ex-
istence, in the panic year of '93, I was staying
with Professor Henry Drummond at Northfield,
where he was visiting Moody's school. We took
long walks together; and one day, when we were
off in the country, sitting on the grass, I told
Drummond that I did not see how I could possibly
put through the task I had undertaken - that I
did not feel strong enough to do it, and that I
always seemed to be undertaking more than I could
do. I have never forgotten his reply. He said:
Unless a man undertakes to do more than he
possibly can, he will never do all that he can.'"
One reason for the early success of “Mc-
Clure's Magazine" is expressed in the words
of Mr. Kipling to its editor: “It takes the
young man to find the young man." Mr. Mc-
Clure was young and on the look-out for new
talent, and so the new talent came inevitably
his way. The list of gifted young authors he
discovered or helped to discover is a long one
and includes such names as Robert Louis Ste-
venson, Sir A. Conan Doyle, and Mr. Kipling.
A later element in the magazine's prosperity
has been its editor's alertness to the temper
of the times in matters of social and govern-
mental reform, and his system for giving these
public questions the most thorough and intel-
ligent treatment in articles written by experts
in the popular presentation of timely and
important topics.
The author of "My Autobiography" shows
himself to be, as he frankly confesses himself
to be, a man of one set of interests. His busi-
ness and his pleasure are one; his vocation is
his avocation: his daily task is his daily rec-
reation. Thus his book is the story of his work
6


1914)
249
THE DIAL
in the great new world to which he came as a The Galton Professor, Dr. Karl Pearson,
boy with eager expectancy, and it is little else. has considered it his duty and his pleasure to
But this is not said in depreciation. Unity is prepare an elaborate work on the life of Sir
a quality of art, and the simple sincerity and Francis Galton, giving all significant details
singleness of purpose shown in the narrative obtainable concerning his ancestry and en-
will not count against it. Incidental glimpses vironment. The first volume, covering the
are furnished, too, of the wide range of lit- years from birth to marriage (1853) is now
erary workers with whom the author's search before us. In 1909, Galton himself published
for new writers has brought him into more or a charming and interesting book, "Memories
less friendly relationship. Portraits of many of My Life," which sufficiently described the
of these are reproduced, with other appropriate main facts of his career. The new work is far
illustrations.
more detailed, and very profusely illustrated.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
It gives full particulars concerning the Gal-
tons and their ancestors, and also much about
the Darwin family, Francis Galton and
THE APOSTLE OF EUGENICS.*
Charles Darwin both being grandsons of Eras-
mus Darwin. Professor Pearson, in his pref-
Thirty years ago, in England, the present ace, disarms the critic by the following frank
writer had the good fortune to read Galton's remarks:
“Human Faculty,” then almost a new book.
“I am fully aware that the indolent reader will
It is impossible to forget the impression made find much in this work which he does not want
by its originality, suggestiveness, and applica- and which has but little interest for him. It is
tion of scientific methods to the study of every intended fundamentally as a permanent memorial
day experiences. Vague questionings of the to the Founder of the Galton Laboratory, and em-
human mind, stimulated in the first instance,
braces material which may easily perish or be
possibly, by the works of Poe, here found at
ultimately lost sight of. If the said reader will
only wait a few years, I have little doubt that my
least partial answers; while it seemed that a
material will be strained of its more solid content
great new field lay open for fruitful investi-
and presented to him in that light and cheap form,
gation. At the same time, little as the author which we are told is a first necessity of the modern
may have intended it, metaphysical specula- book market. My object is a different one, namely,
tion was encouraged. The greater territory to issue a volume to some extent worthy of the
annexed by science had of course greater
name of the man it bears, which may be studied
boundaries, and many headlands jutting into
hereafter by those who wish to understand him,
the sea of the unknown, from which it was
his origin and his aims,— rather than to furnish
an evening's amusement for readers, however
easy to make metaphysical excursions. Now,
numerous, who would just as readily study any
after the lapse of years, bringing a much bet other biography as that of Galton, if only it
ter knowledge of Galton and his works, the chanced to be entertaining."
old impression still remains. The subtleties The "indolent reader” will, however, enjoy
of modern psychology, the revelations of twen- looking at the pictures, and if at all clever at
tieth century experimenters, have in a sense skipping, will readily discover a large amount
rendered Galton's writings obsolete. Neverthe of generally interesting matter, mixed with
less, they may be read with advantage, not materials which are printed mainly as matters
only for their significant statements of fact, of record, to be used by more serious students.
but principally perhaps as examples of bold He will marvel at the precocity of the young-
ness combined with sagacity, almost naive ster, who, the day before his fifth birthday,
originality checked by continual appeals to wrote the following letter to his sister:
experience. The eugenics movement, of which “My dear Adèle:
we hear so much to-day, is primarily due to I am four years old and I can read any English
Galton; and while the control of human hered book. I can say all the Latin substantives and
ity may not altogether follow the lines he sug-
adjectives and active verbs, besides 52 lines of
gested, it will always be recognized that he
Latin poetry. I can cast up any sum in addition
first won public consideration for the subject.
and can multiply by
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10.
When he died in 1911, at the age of eighty-nine,
I can also say the pence table. I read French a
he left funds for the support of a professor-
little and I know the clock."
ship and laboratory in the University of Lon-
In his old age Galton said of his early accom-
don, dedicated to the cause of eugenics and
plishments: "In middle life I feared that
the study of human heredity.
I had been an intolerable prig, and cross-ques-
* THE LIFE, LETTERS, AND LABOURS OF FRANCIS GALTON. tioned many old family friends about it, but
was invariably assured that I was not at all a
Illustrated.
New York:
By Karl Pearson. Volume I.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.


250
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
$
row.
prig . .
. . and that I was a nice little child.” how these agree with the qualities of various
In his fifth year he was placed in a dame's ancestors. In concluding he says: “Thus as
school, and remained there for three years. most men Francis Galton was physically and
The head mistress reported very highly of lit- mentally a blend of many ancestral traits.
tle Francis, and once added "the young gen Whether they were 'unit characters' or not
tleman is always found studying the abstruse concerns us little here. What we do realize
sciences."
is that they were not the product of environ-
At the age of eight the boy made his will, ment, whether of home or school or college.'
which begins as follows:
Thus we find "nature" emphasized, and 'nur-
“I, Francis Galton of the Larches near Birming- ture”' belittled; a point of view nearly oppo-
ham, make this my last Will and Testament - I site to that of Lester Ward, which we recently
give to my dearest sister Adèle for her great kind- discussed in these columns. The difference of
ness in teaching me all my English Books, my attitude no doubt has arisen largely from cir-
Watch, and all my Compound Money and Collec- cumstances. Francis Galton's life, projected
tion of Beetles - To Bessy, my Minerals and against the relatively uniform background of
Shells — To Lucy, my Hygrometer and Desk — To English middle-class life, stands out promi-
Emma, my Medals ...
nently because of the man's inherited qualities.
At the age of fourteen we find him at a typi. Lester Ward, in a relatively new country of
cal English boarding school, writing a diary of infinitely varied circumstances and opportuni-
which the following is a fragment:
ties, could not fail to observe how these condi-
Monday, April 18 — I knocked a fellow down tioned the development and success of men.
for throwing a brick at me.
Both “nature” and “nurture” are potent and
Tuesday, April 19–1 thrashed a snob for
necessary, and any social programme which
throwing stones.
overlooks either is sure to result in disaster.
Wednesday, April 20 - One of the boys bought
a half-crown trumpet which made a tremendous
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Thursday, April 21 — We bought a birch pro
bono publico for 15 shillings.
MISS ELLEN KEY'S SOCIALISM.*
Friday, April 22 — A tremendous row in the
streets, on account of a blaguard thrashing one of
One imagines it was her individualism that
our boys.
led Miss Ellen Key to write “The Younger
Monday, April 25 - Saw the 1st swallow this
Saw the 1st swallow this Generation,'— a book on socialism. The in-
year.
dividual is never indifferent to her: she is
Tuesday, April 26 -- Got 30 lines of Virgil.
far too passionate, too intense, to value any-
Wednesday, April 27 — Got 20 lines of Virgil.
In
thing so abstract and unreal as a mass.
Tuesday, May 3— Got the syntax to write out
other words, she is a woman and a poet first,
for drawing a picture of a race.
and after that a social theorist.
Sunday, May 8— Arnold preached. A fellow
gave me a thrashing in the street.”
In her bias in favor of the individual, she
The “indolent reader” will not fail to be only reflects that fierce individualism of the
interested in the details of Galton's medical
North which struck and even daunted the
education and life at Cambridge, of his travels imagination of Europe in the grim and lonely
in Europe, Egypt, Syria, and later in tropical figure of Ibsen, and outraged so many sensi-
South Africa. The African expedition was
bilities in the remorseless egotism of Strind-
one of scientific exploration, and upon his re-
berg. Politically Ibsen and Miss Ellen Key
turn he was at once recognized as a distin-
are poles apart; spiritually -- which is all
guished geographer.
that matters they are really near together.
She is a socialist for the same reason that he
Like many other capable men, Galton had
was an anarchist: because of an intense desire
more powers than he could well make use of.
Professor Pearson remarks that during many velopment of personality.
to bring about a greater freedom in the de-
years of friendship he never saw him handle
Miss Key is a radical, of course; but she
the pencil, yet in his youth he could draw with
is a fastidious radical. She does not believe
skill. Among the many sketches reproduced in the efficacy of easy nostrums; she is re-
is an excellent one of the Bishop's Gateway freshingly free from those very illusions we
at Liége, as it appeared in 1838. It probably have no right to expect feminist leaders to
has been injured or destroyed in the present have rid themselves of, as yet. She can, for
deplorable war.
example, be as heartily contemptuous of the
At the end of his discussion of Galton's
vote as an American cynic sipping his whiskey
ancestry, Professor Pearson gives a very in and water in a club window; she can speak of
teresting analysis of his physical and mental
Translated
characteristics, and endeavors to determine
by Arthur D. Chater.
* THE YOUNGER GENERATION. By Ellen Key.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1914)
THE DIAL
251
-
racy. Sh
man.
superior men is valueless.
parliaments as slightingly as Mr. Wells him if the whole mass of mankind were miracu-
self. But it is significant that she rarely lously to enjoy a place in the sun. Who can
chooses to do so. These things — political say how human progress might be accelerated
rights — will come to women. Well, then, it if all the units of brain power born in each
is necessary to be prepared for something generation could be connected somehow with
else; it is necessary to keep one's eye fixed the driving wheel of civilization? Is it not
on the end rather than the means; and the conceivable that we should get on faster?
end is an indefinite enhancement of life Peasant stock has given us many men of
through the enrichment of the individual. genius, but only the strongest have been able
Without knowing precisely what Miss Key's to climb up, to survive the ordeal and
spiritual history has been, one hazards the genius is not always strong physically. In
guess that she became a socialist only after a the face of this alluring possibility, she per-
prolonged and anxious weighing of the issues. suades herself easily, far too easily, that the
Like so many other socialists of our time, she proletariat will succeed where the middle
has not been without a fear of ultimate democ-class has failed — that it will be permanently
doubtless shuddered (as Wil- idealistic. But, in the first place, this is a
liam James shuddered) before the vision of thing that has never happened to any class
a world transformed into a huge Chautauqua in society, and, in the second, we have abso-
assembly, peaceful, stuffed with plenty, shock- lutely no reason to believe that the proletariat
ingly inert. For the values she prizes are is composed of better stuff than the middle
never cheap values; they are the reverse; class. It is even idle to contend that the
they are even (as in the case of marriage) a great movement for social reform among the
little too mystical and remote for the average workers is in the main a disinterested move-
They are often vague, but they are ment. To admit that it is not, is not to criticize
always ideal values and they are always char or belittle socialism. A disinterested move-
acteristically feminine values.
ment could never accomplish so vast a task as
So it is natural that what she demands of the socialists have in mind.
socialism is that it shall produce not con But if socialism is going to confer any ad-
tented men, but better men. She has no wishvantage on society, it will have to be a skep-
to eliminate struggle; she wishes rather to tical and wary socialism,-a socialism that has
persuade herself that socialism will not elim- learned to distrust the organization that now
inate struggle, and she does persuade herself makes it strong. And this is the gist of Miss
at least. A civilization that cannot produce Key's message in “The Younger Generation."
She is not in- | It is a warning to socialists, though not to
different to the average man. She believes socialists alone. We live in an age of associa-
that the two rise together, and that the aver- tion, following upon an age in which indi-
age man is helpless without natural leaders. vidualism had reached the homicidal stage,
If he cannot breed them, he will not even hold and we have carried organization too far.
his own; he will slip back. On the other "The atmosphere created by association makes
hand, we do not expect a Darwin to be born those who live in it 'devoid of responsibility
in Tierra del Fuego; there is, of course, and remorse,' to borrow one of Kierkegaard's
action and reaction. If she turns to social profound sayings of the dangers of shared
ism, it is largely because she believes socialism activity.” Miss Key is far from being alone
will afford a better nvironment for the man in urging us to be on our guard against the
of genius.
so-called “social conscience.” All that is
Many vigorous opponents of socialism now deep and valuable in the human spirit is ma-
concede that it is possible to improve the ma tured in silence and in lonely meditation.
terial condition of men in the gross. But, We cannot save our souls in a group. “What
they say, you will do so only by depressing is public opinion ?” asked Nietzsche. And he
the whole human group, by perilously cur answered, “It is private indolence.” A social-
tailing the opportunities of the fortunate few ist state which put down private opinion
and by the fierce and stupid suppression of would be a social disaster, no matter how
individual initiative. Miss Key does not blink comfortable its members might be. So would
this danger of the domination of the herd. a socialist state that interfered with the free
She knows that democracies have not always development of its citizens. The servile state
been ideal breeding places of exceptional men. has no part in her dreams of the future. And
(She points to Switzerland and the United socialists above all must rise to an under-
States.) There is a peril, but to offset that standing of the precise virtue there is in
possible waste she points to the vast, the un- association,- coöperation in the business of
guessed release of energy that might result getting food and other material things; but


252
[Oct. 1
THE DIAL
in the life of the spirit an intense and even think of it only as the scene of Gordon's tragic
fierce independence - an individualism as death, the theatre of General Kitchener's many
vigorous and uncompromising as that of brilliant exploits, and a field of occasional
Nietzsche himself.
friction with the French. In some introduc-
It is characteristic of Miss Key's idealism tory pages which he contributes to Mr. Low's
that she accepts this communistic ideal with book, Lord Cromer avows the opinion that,
out a rigid examination of the underlying although the form of government maintained
economic argument.
How is socialism to be by the English in the Sudan is both unique
brought about? What is to be the machinery! and singularly successful, there are not a
She does not concern herself with all that. dozen people in all England (with the excep-
She says simply: "I do not understand it." tion of experts, who might be numbered on
Her acceptance of its ideal is the result of her the fingers of one hand) who could give an
woman's revolt — a sentimental revolt, if you approximately accurate account of what that
will — against suffering that she believes to form of government is. None the less, the
be needless. Human society cannot remain Sudan is a region two-thirds as large as India,
indifferent; it must find a way out. Being with a population of three millions, rich in
impatient of arguments, she does not herself resources and economic possibilities, and the
argue. Indeed, she distrusts intellectualism scene of some of the most interesting of con-
altogether; she relies largely on intuition. temporary experiments in the domain of trop-
She would infect you with her enthusiasm ical statecraft. In the Introduction mentioned
rather than convince your mind. She speaks Lord Cromer explains very clearly and with
always as a seer rather than as a thinker, and unimpeachable authoritativeness the essentials
doubtless she is wise to do so.
of English administrative policy in the Sudan
By way of postscript, one would add that and puts the reader in a position to under-
there is included in this volume an essay on
stand rather better the transformations re-
universal peace. In a recent London dispatch
corded in Mr. Low's chapters.
Mr. Francis Grierson was reported to have
As the title of the book indicates, the author
remarked that the great European war will
is writing of a country whose life and institu-
doubtless overwhelm many Utopian philoso- tions are undergoing rapid change. It is only
phies. One can only say for Miss Ellen Key within the past sixteen years that the terri-
that she is not a peace advocate of the "im tory has been drawn definitely within the
possibilist" school. Having said so much, British sphere of dominion, and its govern-
however, one really feels justified in saying ment and life have been subjected to a trans-
no more for the present. It is undeniably a
formation symbolized perhaps most adequately
sad time for idealism of whatever ort
by the rising of the present splendid city of
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN.
Khartoum on the ruins of the old human
warren which bore that name. In Mr. Low's
opinion, the administrators of the Sudan are
more fortunate than those whose theatre of
BRITISH ADMINISTRATION IN EGYPT AND
action is countries thickly grown over with
THE SUDAN.*
the tradition and inheritance of the past, such
Mr. Sidney Low's “Egypt in Transition” as India and Egypt. The ground has been
is a well-written book of travel. It is, more cleared for them by war and revolution and
over, a fresh and painstaking study of the they can lay their own foundations and build
problems involved in the administration of
Under the agreement of 1899 the
tropical dependencies. Half of the volume territory is a condominium of Great Britain
relates to Egypt proper and is made up of and Egypt, each party possessing a half-
chapters dealing with the physical aspect of interest. In effect, it is administered by En-
the country, the life of the people, the agencies glish officials, with the assistance of Egyptian
of government, the reforms introduced in the
subordinates, and defended by a force of
past quarter-century by English administra-
Egyptian and Sudanese troops under English
tors and advisers. The first twelve or fifteen
command; and, inasmuch as Englishmen are
chapters, however, are devoted to a record of
managing the affairs of the territory openly
impressions of the Sudan, and this is distinctly
and independently, there is no need to keep
the most original and valuable part of the
up, as is kept up in Egypt, the fiction of their
book.
being “advisers" to native administrators. As
To the world at large the Sudan is a terra
explained in Lord Cromer's Introduction,
incognita; and even Englishmen commonly
the success with which the English adminis-
EGYPT IN TRANSITION. By Sidney Low. With an Intro trators have met is attributable, first, to the
duction by the Earl of Cromer. With portraits. New York:
fact that the form of government is singularly
upon them.
The Macmillan Co.


1914)
253
THE DIAL
adapted to the peculiar condition and require- clude that for English dominance there is lit-
ments of the country; second, to the unusual tle affection.
tle affection. “The peasantry,” he says, “do
measure of independence which the Sudanese not know us; the superior classes do not want
officials have enjoyed; and third, to their ex us.” And he specially warns against the idea
cellent pay and the generous rules governing that Egypt is being, or will be, Christianized
their vacations. Both Lord Cromer and Mr. and that Mohammedan countries are neces-
Low record experiences and observations sarily impervious to new ideas, inventions, and
which should be pondered by Americans hav modernization.
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG.
ing to do with government in the Philippines.
With respect to Egypt, the author makes
clear the fact that the English do not govern
RECENT POETRY.*
it, but only govern its governors. The prom-
Mr. T. Sturge Moore often, to borrow a
ise that was made in 1882 not to annex Egypt phrase of his own, “uses speech in an arch
or incorporate it in the British Empire he
style,''— not to say in a manner that is
declares to have been given in haste and with
an inadequate knowledge of the facts.” If the frankly archaic. Inversions are frequent in
his verse, and although the meaning is often
facts had been known, he avers, the promise
would never have been given at all. "But,"
simple, the reader must sometimes double
upon his tracks to discover it. This, however,
he goes on to say, “given it was; and the
policy it suggests has been steadily kept in
is only a minor mannerism of a poetic style
that is full of beauty and distinction. There
view. Honestly and laboriously we have been
trying to pave the way for complete internal if by “modern” one means the representation
is little that is modern in Mr. Moore's work,
autonomy under native direction.” The Egyp; of the externals of contemporary life, but
tian Turk, it is freely admitted, is not fond
of British rule. With the individual English forms. For the symbols of his emotions Mr.
modern feeling is recorded in richly beautiful
man he can sometimes get on pretty well, but
for English government he has small liking, the essential inner core of the mystery rather
Moore uses Greek stories or myths, but it is
even though he may himself be doing well
under it. The system of control prevailing and in poems such as
than the outer trapping that appeals to him;
"Semele," "The Thigh
under the British occupation is characterized of Zeus," "A Prayer,” or “The Dying Swan”
aptly as “government by inspection and
the mood transcends the mode and life itself
authoritative advice." Mr. Low regards it as
by no means entirely satisfactory, and he
seems to supersede the vehicle of expression.
points out as its more conspicuous defects its
We quote the last of these :
makeshift character, the halting administra-
“ ( silver-throated Swan
tion of criminal justice, and the fetters im-
Struck, struck! a golden dart
posed by vexatious international pledges and
Clean through thy breast has gone
Home to thy heart.
restrictions. Especially does he deplore the
effects of the capitulations, the treaties
Thrill, thrill, O silver throat!
O silver trumpet, pour
and conventions under which Europeans in
Love for defiance back
the East are exempted from the jurisdiction
On him who smote!
of the local tribunals. That there was once
And brim, brim o'er
ample justification for these agreements he
With love; and ruby-dye thy track
readily admits; but he is insistent that they
Down thy last living reach
are no longer needed and that they ought to
Of river, sail the golden light -
be abolished. Indeed, the author would have
Enter the sun's heart even teach,
O wondrous-gifted Pain, teach thou
his country go so far as to dismiss alto-
The God of love, let him learn how !"
gether the fiction of a temporary occupation,
The formal beauty of Mr. Moore's verse is
proclaim Egypt a British protectorate, and
make known to the world that the British Em-
based upon close rhythmic and sound har-
monies. It is hardly possible that he will be
pire is, and will continue, responsible for the
called upon to bear the burden of popularity,
territory's external security and internal
but his rare qualities will continue inevitably
order. With Austria-Hungary formally an-
to attract the lover of poetry.
nexing Bosnia and Herzegovina and Italy
seizing the Tripolitaine, he feels that the self-
Houghton Mifflin Co.
restrained course of the English in Egypt is
By Robert Frost. London: David
rather distinctly creditable to English diplo-
By Dora Sigerson
macy. Of the strength and prospects of the
SONGS OF THE DEAD END. By Patrick MacGill. New York:
Nationalist movement in the country he has Mitchell Kennerley.
By James Oppenheim. New
a poor opinion; although he is bound to con York: The Century Co.
* THE SEA IS KIND.
By T. Sturge Moore.
Boston:
NORTH OF BOSTON.
Nutt.
MADGE LINSEY, AND OTHER POEMS.
Shorter. Dublin : Maunsel & Co.
SONGS FOR THE NEW AGE.


254
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
hair;
Mr. Robert Frost's new book of poems, Mrs. Dora Sigerson Shorter has a delicate
“North of Boston," leaves such a strong im- lyric gift and her work always impresses the
pression of men and women in the mind that reader with the graceful spontaneity of one
one is led to think of it as a new novel rather who sings to please herself, and, incidentally,
than as a book of verse. This is a significant others. Her latest small book, “Madge Linsey,
fact. Mr. Frost, using verse, and without in the and Other Poems,” contains the ballad of the
least forcing the idea, has conveyed an im title and several shorter poems and lyrics.
pression of life such as might be conveyed by Perhaps the most charming of these is
Mr. Henry James or Mr. Joseph Conrad in “Build No Roof Tree Over Thee” or “The
prose. Mr. Frost's first book of verse, “A Little Bells of Sevilla,
Little Bells of Sevilla," with its suggestive
Boy's Will," was a volume of lyrics, fanciful, air:
inventive, and with a certain whimsical twist, “ The ladies of Sevilla go forth to take the air,
yet with very little of this more substantial They loop their lace mantillas, a red rose in the
quality. The sparse New England pasture
with its outcropping granite boulders and Upon the road Delicias their little horses run,
the sparse New England character with its And tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, the bells go every one.
outcropping strata of close-grained, hard-
Beside the Guadalquivir, by orange-scented way,
headed practicality and its unexpected sunny The ladies of Sevilla they come at cool of day;
levels of human idealism (the amazing Puri- | They wave their fans coquettish, their black eyes
tan compound) -- these are both revealed
gleam and glow,
through the sympathetic, kindly, but keenly And all their little carriage bells a-jingle, jingle go."
humorous vision of Mr. Frost. Mr. Frost's | Any one who has ever been in Seville will
feeling for nature is not romantic; nor is it recognize the truth of the impression.
realistic in an external sense. Rather it gives Mr. MacGill, who is only twenty-one, and
us a direct sense of the earth; that close con who has been "a farm-hand, driver, tramp,
nection between nature and man which is only harness-man, navvy, plate-layer, and wres-
gained by constant companionship or by that tler," has resolutely set himself to celebrate
intimacy of toil in which the earth gives up these various experiences in verse. But he
only what is demanded of her. In cities we
has not proved himself as skilful in wrestling
lose this sense of nature. Mr. Frost restores
with the Muse as with his fellow navvies. In
to us the direct primitive sense of the earth. fact in his initial poem, “The Pick,” he
A mountain, a field, or a wood exists for him shows unmistakable symptoms of “the dis-
as it exists in life. They are not shadowy,
ease of cosmicality," supposed to belong ex-
symbolic, or romantic shapes. They are real, clusively to American poets :
they occupy space; they count as much as
"In the depths of the pluvial season it gallantly
people count, and sometimes more, in a man's
stayed to your hand,
consciousness. Doubtless there will be many
In the dead end of woe and creation, afar in the
readers who will find Mr. Frost dull, and who furthermost land,
will object to his verse structure. There is When the saturnine heavens hung o'er you as dark
no denying that his insistent monosyllabic as the ultimate tomb,
monotony is irritating, but it may be ques When the rough of the valley you gutted was filled
tioned whether any less drab monotony of
with ineffable gloom,
rhythm would have been so successful in con-
When down in the depths of the planet uprooting
the brontosaur's bed,
veying the particular aspect of life presented.
With the fire-damp writhing around you, and a
Mr. Frost is at his finest in his subtle delinea-
candle affixed to your head,
tion of Yankee heroics in “The Code,” in his
When the gold-seeking fever enthralled you, when
whimsical humoresque, “A Hundred Collars,"
you fitfully watered the pan,
in the drab tragedy of “The Death of the Ever it strove to your bidding, ever it aided your
Hired Man,” and in the cold conflict of sun-
plan,
dered temperaments revealed in the poem Ready, resistless, reticent, friend of the conquering
called “Home Burial.” All these poems are
too long to quote in full, and it would only Further on in the same poem Mr. MacGill
misrepresent them to quote parts of them. So imposes this rather difficult injunction:
it must be flatly asserted that in the particular | “Look on your pick as a lover would gaze on the
field Mr. Frost has chosen he is to be compared
girl at his side."
with Mr. John Masefield, Mr. D. H. Lawrence, The “Manchester Guardian” cautiously states
and Mr. W. W. Gibson, the three English poets that Mr. MacGill “has been called the greatest
who are most eager in the attempt to express poet since Kipling." And then, becoming
the gesture and the feeling of everyday life in less cautious, the paper says: “At once elo-
something other than “the grand style.” quent and susceptible, he has the typical
man!”
--
-


1914)
255
THE DIAL
.
or
:
poetic temperament.” Unfortunately Mr.
RECENT FICTION.*
MacGill's chief susceptibility is to the elo-
quence of Mr. Kipling, and we fear that a
Popularity is mostly a mystery. Publishers
susceptibility to another's eloquence is no
more commendable than the courage of the speak dogmatically about what will go and
what won't,”-only to admit that the longer
opinions of others. At any rate, it does not they study the problem the more puzzled they
constitute a poet.
In Mr. Oppenheim's poems one finds the and faithful 'audience, generally assert that
are. Writers, except those who have a large
outward form of Whitman without the essen-
the public's demand is utterly irrational.
tial kindling warmth of the inner spirit. At
Readers are seldom able satisfactorily to ac-
least there is a surface resemblance to Whit-
count for so much as their own individual
man in the form, but the resemblance is only preferences. Reviewers are notoriously help-
skin-deep. Whitman's verse was not metric less to prophesy, however alert they may be
but rhythmic. Mr. Oppenheim's lines are
to explain, a novel's popularity. The diffi-
neither metric nor rhythmic. Verse that ap-culty may lie partly in the fact that there are
proaches prose in rhythm must at least fur-
novel-reading publics rather than a novel
nish a rhythm as satisfying to the ear as good reading public. Mr. George Barr McCutcheon
prose. Chopping phrases or sentences into and Mr. Winston Churchill are both popular
lines, with abrupt pauses and monotonous novelists, but it may be that very few persons
antitheses, does not make good verse
read them both. It is possible that what
good prose. Throughout the book one is con-
alienates one numerous sort of reader is the
scious that Mr. Oppenheim comes danger- thing that delights another numerous sort.
ously near to re-writing Whitman in certain
The reasons given why a particular novel will
passages. But of course one realizes that any
not succeed might be altogether valid for the
prophet must be constantly paraphrased, and particular public which the reasoner had in
it is not to this that one objects so much as
mind and not at all valid for another public
to the hardening of the spirit of revolt into
which it had not occurred to him to consider.
platitude. The poem entitled “The Slave,"
for instance, is undoubtedly true philosophy something for almost everybody into “The
Mr. Coningsby Dawson has apparently put
but it leaves one cold:
Raft." It starts off with a discussion be-
“ They set the slave free, striking off his chain. tween two young women of their helpless need
Then he was as much of a slave as ever.
of men to marry, as if that were to be the
He was chained to servility,
theme of the book. Serious-minded readers,
He was still manacled to indolence and sloth, who like to feel that they are getting some-
He was still bound by fear and superstition, thing over and above mere amusement for
By ignorance, suspicion, and savagery
their time, and reviewers, who are aware how
His slavery was not in the chains,
much easier it is to discuss a novel that is based
But in himself ...
on an idea than one that is not, are pleased to
They only set free men free ...
discover these sentences :
And there is no need of that:
“We're two girls adrift on a raft and we can't
Free men set themselves free."
swim. Over there's the land of marriage, with all
Possibly it is the sensuous appeal that one the little children, the homes, and the husbands;
misses in Mr. Oppenheim. His expression we've no means of getting to it. Unless some of
rarely exceeds statement, and statement may,
the men see us and put off in boats to our rescue,
as we have said, present correctly the modern
we'll be caught in the current of the years and
But
intellectual attitude of revolt while failing they're too busy to notice us. Oh, dear!'”
swept out into the hunger of mid-ocean.
utterly to arouse.
ALICE C. HENDERSON. Unfortunately - or perhaps fortunately, as
long as serious-minded readers and reviewers
are so small a public — Mr. Dawson did not
Colonel Vachée's book on “ Napoleon at Work,” | choose to elaborate this conception. He had
originally written with the object of preparing too many other things on his mind. He had
military students for those“ battles of the future"
which are now
By Coningsby Dawson. Illustrated.
the present, is being translated
into English by Mr. G. Frederic Lees. It empha-
By Kathleen Norris.
sizes the supreme importance of the personal
By Josephine Daskam Bacon. Illug-
element in military leadership, arguing that though trated. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Napoleon carried his centralization to excess,
BAMBI. By Marjorie Benton Cooke. New York: Double-
nothing can replace the commander-in-chief who
By A. S. M. Hutchinson.
is able at the decisive moment to assume sole
Little, Brown & Co.
By Ethel Sidgwick. Boston: Small,
authority over his forces.
Maynard & Co.
New
THE RAFT.
York : Henry Holt & Co.
SATURDAY'S CHILD.
piece. New York: The Macmillan Co.
TO-DAY'S DAUGHTER.
With frontis-
day, Page & Co.
THE CLEAN HEART.
Boston:
A LADY OF LEISURE.


256
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
thirty or forty characters to present, a num is a woman whose vogue as a portrait painter
ber of love stories to tell, and much tender is sufficient to enable her to pay all her share
observation of the human desire for goodness of keeping up several establishments and the
to record. Sometimes, as in the first part of expenses of the children besides, so that her
“The Raft,” Mr. Dawson affects the contem husband has not the slightest claim upon her.
porary realistic manner; sometimes, and much Most of the cases are argued out easily and
more often, he writes in the whimsical vein of sensibly by Dr. Fanchon. He is master of
certain stories told for children, and he never every situation except the last of the three
misses an opportunity to inject the wistfully mentioned, and even that he partly dominates
sentimental flavor. There is no doubt that by reason of an eloquent lecture on the pri-
Mr. Dawson has read Dickens, obvious as are mary social importance of preserving the fam-
his dissimilarities to that master of a special | ily. The chief objection to Mrs. Bacon's stories
convention, and no doubt that his novels are is that they are too readily resolved by a
an expression of his own temperament. But formula. Some of her simplification of the
his eye is a misty one.
issues involved is in the interests of space
In “Saturday's Child,” Mrs. Kathleen
Mrs. Kathleen rather than in the interests of illumination.
Norris has written a thoroughly American A whole volume is not too much to devote to
story of an exceptional young woman who a single instance of the sort which interests
achieved a husband, children, and a home in her. And to have done the thing more by the
spite of poverty, and in spite of the tempta- method of the novelist and less by that of the
tion offered by riches. Susan Brown is intro- pamphleteer would have made her moral the
duced to ús as a thirty dollar a month clerk more convincing for being the less insisted
in San Francisco. She was lazy but am upon.
bitious, eager but uncertain. She wanted to It is easy enough to see what string Miss
do something; she did not know what. A Marjorie Benton Cooke's “Bambi” is meant
distinguished novelist offered himself and she to pull. It is no plea for the sex, but a bare-
would have become his mistress but for an faced glorification of it. Bambi is only nine-
accident that made her miss the boat on teen when she marries, against his will, a
which she was going away with him. In the romantic young idealist of a playwright in
end she found a sincere man, a labor leader, order to take care of him, make a success of
whom she deeply loved and who loved her. him, and teach him to love her. Bambi's
We in America like our heroines to be like capacity easily enables her to support her
that, do we not? Mrs. Norris makes no at- | husband and to re-create him at the same time.
tempt at fine writing, but presents a wealth She dashes off a story that wins a prize and
of observed detail, homely, recognizable, and an order to do a series for a magazine. Jarvis
usually interesting. There is too much of it; struggles heroically to bring forth a play which
a more finished artist would have done better Mr. Belasco will have none of. Bambi per-
with less; but Mrs. Norris has made a sub- suades Mr. Frohman to give her husband the
stantial fabric background of it. And if the chance to dramatize her story (which he does
whole is a little overcharged with sentiment not know she has written) and then does all
and morality, it is not really mawkish.
the good things in the play herself, even to
Mrs. Josephine Daskam Bacon is a skilled directing the leading actress's playing of her
journalist, observant of the day's tendency part. When Jarvis is sufficiently humiliated
and prepared to discuss it. She has designed to learn his trade, Bambi accepts him as her
“To-Day's Daughter” to illustrate the “prob- consort. The story is brightly written in the
lem” of the contemporary middle-class woman briefest of paragraphs, with an eye to such
who spends a large income and who is not contemporary events as Mr. Richard Bennett's
content to be wife and mother, mistress and recent tour with “Damaged Goods” and a
friend to her husband. The volume presents reckless freedom in the use of actual celeb-
a number of variations on the type, each of rities for a background. But would a play-
which would stand by itself as a short story wright so high-vaulting as to think Mr.
but for the Dr. Fanchon who serves as deus Bernard Shaw of no consequence, Sir James
ex machina in all of them. One example is Barrie a questionable success in the theatre,
the woman who neglects her husband for a and Mr. Galsworthy a "pamphleteer”' actually
dozen reformist activities, only to discover make Mr. David Belasco his first choice as a
that her real happiness is to be achieved by producing manager? It is a trivial matter
living as his squaw under the most primitive beside the possibility that half the “flappers"
conditions. Another is a woman whose suc of 1914 will imitate Bambi's conduct. Think
cess as an interior decorator is hollow because what it would mean to American literature in
she and her husband are estranged. A third one decade if a dozen of them should !


1914)
257
THE DIAL
Education in
its largest
sense.
Mr. A. S. M. Hutchinson has been greeted
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
in some quarters as a romancer of at least the
second order. He is a painstaking writer.
Dr. C. Hanford Henderson's
The agony of Mr. Puddlebox on the day he
book, “What Is It to Be Edu-
gave himself to the sea in order that Mr.
cated ?" (Houghton), is put forth
Wriford might be saved is built up through as a sort of sequel to his widely read and whole-
thirty pages with a rhythmic beat that few of somely stimulating work, "Education and the
Mr. Hutchinson's rivals could sustain. But Larger Life," but at the same time as an
some newspaper reporters could produce a independent utterance sufficiently complete in
more poignant effect in a column. That is itself to render unnecessary for its full under-
the trouble with making too much of mere standing any previous study of the antecedent
writing. But Mr. Hutchinson’s method would volume. Elaboration and addition, rather than
be of comparatively little consequence if the continuation, make up the substance of the
material on which he exercises it were sound. later work, and show the writer's thought to
In the case of “The Clean Heart” it is not have expanded and developed with the dozen
sound. It is the agony that Mr. Hutchinson years separating the two books. How thor-
is after, and agony that he insists upon. If oughly devoted to his chosen profession the
he were less eager to squeeze the last possible author is may be gathered even from hap-
tear from his situations he might perceive hazard perusal of its pages, but particularly
their essential falsity,- and construct better from such passages as the following extract
ones. As it is, his architecture runs to deco from his preface: “In the long vacation, when
ration. He may very well please the naïveté my boys have all left me, and I sit alone before
which welcomed the jig-saw, but he is merci my big fireplace, brooding, I find myself keen
lessly exposed to the slightest sophistication. to push aside the intervening months, to have
Miss Ethel Sidgwick is sophisticated to the it term-time once more, to start afresh, to do
last degree, and yet she is an artist. Occasion the thing infinitely better than I have just
ally, as in “A Lady of Leisure,” she takes succeeded in doing it.”
succeeded in doing it.” The reason of this
delight in her own virtuosity,— an amusing | hope and expectation of doing the thing always
but inevitably a stultifying game. Much of better and better is that the teacher is forever
her dialogue demands a degree of attention continuing and never completing his own edu-
if the results of her skilful indirection are cation, and his ability as a teacher keeps pace
not to be lost – which few readers are likely with his docility as a learner. A wide range
to give it. But when Miss Sidgwick's interest of topics relating to culture in the largest
in her people takes hold of her, as it did in sense, as well as to the pedagogical problem,
most of "Promise" and "Succession," and will be found in the book's agreeably rambling
does in many passages of her present novel, chapters. Even subjects so seemingly remote
she is a guide as well as a virtuoso. There is from the matter in hand as the influence of
one passage in which a woman of the world is railroads on our civilization, some aspects of
revealed, a passage in which exposition and the servant problem, the desirability of wear-
analysis and narrative are so happily blended ing only such garments as can go frequently
that the eye marches up and down her pages into the washtub, and the nightmare of race-
while the mind is satisfied. And just as the suicide, are either cursorily or in some detail
woman is taking shape as an extraordinarily brought under discussion. Thus he will be a
competent person, Miss Sidgwick introduces difficult person who cannot find something to
the daughter Violet, and in a casual clause engage his attention in the book. It is to be
delivers the final stroke:
noted, by the way, that the author is no en-
“Violet on her side did not despise her mother, thusiast for the ancient classics as educational
unless in passing flashes, when her father was studies. He would allow their election in col-
badly worried: but from the age of ten years she lege, but believes that until then other more
had despised her tranquilly.”
important branches should have the prece-
We have not been quite ready to despise dence. And yet that very faultiness in the
Eveleen, but immediately and without a pause use of English which he notes in American
we accept Violet's verdict, — which is precisely boys is often most effectively and expeditiously
what Miss Sidgwick wishes us to do. “A Lady corrected by imparting some knowledge of fun-
of Leisure" is a novel to interest the connois-
damental language principles through a little
seur of novels. But in the end he will vote it, study of a highly inflected tongue like Latin
in studio slang, “amusing." For Miss Sidg or Greek. Something of the spirit of this ad-
wick's sure hand is here devoted to an all
mirable book of Mr. Henderson's may be
but thankless task, and one hardly worthy caught from the few lines with which this
of it.
LUCIAN CARY. brief notice must content itself to come to a


258
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
of two
A doctor's
close. In a chapter headed "Live Your Own quently been able to produce a more important
Life” he says, felicitously: “At twenty-one biography. The facts of Henry VII.'s reign
a man is not educated, however intelligently have long been known, but they have not
he has been brought up. At best, he is only always been perfectly understood, and the
educated up to twenty-one. And he is not even king's character has surely not been appreci-
educated up to that age, unless he has been ated as it should be. The most important chap-
taught to see that this revelation of the moral ter of Miss Temperley's book is the closing
and ästhetic universe which constitutes edu one, in which she discusses Henry VII.'s per-
cation, this unfolding and perfecting of the sonality and the importance of his reign. "He
human spirit, is in reality