a life-long adventure was no sinister, savage despot, with no mind
upon which he is consciously to enter, with a above the tortuous tricks of a suspicious
stout and merry heart.” And in these few tyranny, but a gracious, liberal-minded mon-
words we learn what it is to be educated, or, arch, with a marked taste for splendour and
better, what it is to be undergoing education; pageantry, a more or less conscious imitator
for true education is never static and finished. of the methods of the Italian despots.” An
important feature of both volumes is an
The biographies
For the past two centuries the Itinerary," which traces the travels of each
kings of England have been men king and shows where he was on important
English kings.
of only moderate abilities, and dates, as far as the sources enable us to deter-
the influence of kingship in the state has been mine his movements. This is of special im-
steadily declining. Since William III. En- portance for the reign of so restless a mon-
gland has had no great monarch; not even
arch as Henry II. Both volumes are provided
Queen Victoria with all her many virtues as a
with illustrations, chiefly portraits for the
woman could lay any claim to real greatness later work and pictures of material remains
in statesmanship. But during the long history for the earlier. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
of the English nation, many strong rulers
have borne the crown; and kingship at one
The essay, reflective, rambling,
literary
reminiscent, and often packed
time was the greatest force in the government. diversions.
with much genial philosophy
It is significant that in this age of democratic
and rich in the wisdom that comes of a con-
growth an effort is being made to form a new
siderable experience of human nature in its
estimate of the royal institution; in a series manifold types, has ever been the form of lit-
of biographies entitled “The Kings and
erature in which the physician with a leaning
Queens of England,” edited by Mr. Robert S.
to letters has shown himself most inclined to
Rait and Mr. William Page, we are to be told give written expression to his thoughts. To
of what royalty has contributed to the great-
the company of Sir Thomas Browne, Dr.
ness of England, or, as Professor Shotwell
John Brown, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Samuel
puts it in his suggestive Introduction to the Smiles, and other medical men who have
series, of “royalty at work rather than on
sought diversion from professional cares in the
display." Two volumes have thus far ap- writing of books not too taxing either to author
peared: a biography of Henry II. by Mr.
or to reader, or who have in the end turned
L. F. Salzmann and one of Henry VII. by Miss
Gladys Temperley. There is little originality Stuart M. Chisholm knocks for admittance
this agreeable avocation into a vocation, Dr. A.
in Mr. Salzmann's work; the early Angevin in his substantial volume of collected articles
period has been tilled industriously by some
and addresses entitled “Recreations of a
of the most capable English historians and the Physician” (Putnam). He writes on spe-
reign of Henry II. has been previously studied cialization, physicians as men of letters, Shake-
almost exclusively from the viewpoint of the speare's Banquo, the symbolism of names,
new series, — for Henry II. was almost con-
royal authors, the inherent spirit of medicine,
stantly at work and very rarely on display.
The author has, however, produced a very
some translations of Horace (to which he adds
readable account of Henry's life and activi- features of seventeenth-century medicine, the
two graceful ones of his own making), some
ties and an excellent summary of the results picaro in fiction, and the prevention of dis-
of his reign. It is the sort of book that stu-
ease. It will be seen from these headings that
dents of English mediæval history have long he has not entirely renounced the doctor in
felt the need of, as the only complete biograph- assuming the author. Perhaps his present
ical study of Henry's life earlier published stage is that of the literary essayist in evolu-
is Mrs. Green's little book in the “Twelve tion. At any rate, he writes in a manner to
English Statesmen” series. In her study of interest both the practitioner of medicine and
the reign of Henry VII. Miss Temperley has the student of literature. Wide reading and
had a greater opportunity and has conse scholarly reflection upon what he has read


1914)
259
THE DIAL
show themselves in his chapters; but he allows of vehemence the prevalent anti-German sen-
himself more space than the best judgment timent. “No feature of our long tour through
might dictate in certain themes lacking the France was more instructive than this oppor-
element of novelty or importance to justify tunity to study at first hand the influences at
this indulgence. For instance, in discussing work to widen the gulf between the two na-
the symbolism of names he makes the famous tions. We conversed with soldiers, officers,
confusion of “Undecemilla” with “undecim peasants in the fields, and casual French ac-
millia,” in the St. Ursula legend, an occasion quaintances whom we met in the cafés and
for rehearsing the story of this saint and of hotels. Everyone admitted the gravity of the
the curious linguistic blunder on which it is situation, and said that nothing short of the
supposed to be founded. In another essay he actual shadow of German invasion could have
is perhaps not careful enough in his quotation induced France to submit to the tremendous
when he says of Themistocles that he seemed sacrifices incident to the large increase of the
a little to disparage that softness of mind that army. A part of Mr. Richardson's tour
is imparted by the study of the finer arts when nearly coincided with a part of President Poin-
he said disdainfully, that he could not play caré's last year's motor journey through the
on the fiddle, but that he could make a small provinces, and the author says: “France has
town a large city.'” Plutarch's report of found her leader, a man of vast energy who
this utterance is, in Langhorne's translation: understands his country's problems and is
“ 'Tis true I never learned how to tune a harp peculiarly fitted to solve them. His motor
or play upon a lute, but I know how to raise a tour through the provinces was like a trium-
small and inconsiderable city to glory and phal march. Everywhere he preached that
greatness." Mentioning certain modern doc gospel of unity which is the great need of the
tors of medicine who have contributed to litera hour.' But the thrill of imminent war is not
ture,— Dr. Holmes, John Brown, William H. the book's only attraction. Description and
Drummond, S. Weir Mitchell, Dr. Virchow, observation of more than average interest are
J. G. Holland, Clémenceau, and Sir Conan spiced with motor perils (as in the Stelvio
Doyle,- the author allows “especial magni Pass), a sufficient account of the Spanish na-
tude” to Holmes alone. These studies (for tional amusement as witnesed at San Sebas-
they are rather studies than essays in anything tian, and other topics that dispel somnolence.
like the Elian sense) show their author to be The motor-author might perhaps do well to
a man of varied interests and scholarly tastes. use some such term as odometer (journey-
measurer) instead of speedometer for the in-
Mr. Russell Richardson's "Eu strument recording, not the rate of progress,
Motoring through
war-expectant rope from a Motor Car" (Rand, but the distance travelled. Many good pic-
Europe.
McNally & Co.) describes an tures, of Underwood & Underwood origin, and
American motorist's tour in a German car a handy map (in duplicate, on both end-leaves)
from Berlin through parts of Germany, Aus-
accompany the narrative.
tria, Italy, France, and a few miles into Spain,
apparently in the summer of 1913. Much of
It is a fact replete with meaning
the present significance of the observant tour-
A history
that the histories of the more im-
of Princeton.
ist's unusually readable narrative lies in the
portant American colleges and
frequent comment on the military prepara-
universities are just now beginning to be
tions and the expectancy of war which he
written. Great schools of learning are made
noticed everywhere on his journey. The mix by men, and, as is the case with men, their
ture of conservatism and sentiment that has stories should be told as soon as they have
retained for the French soldier the glaringly accomplished something that is unique and
conspicuous uniform that now makes him an
enduring Mr. Varnum Lansing Collins's
unnecessarily prominent target, is noted. But “Princeton” (Oxford University Press) will
in time of peace the bright hues are pleasing. be read, therefore, with much profit, not only
“This constant coming and going of the by Princeton graduates but by many others
French soldiers gives much color and anima because of the prominent rôle that this insti-
tion to the street scenes. Everyone is im tution has played in the history of this coun-
pressed by the cuirassiers. They are powerfully try; and it will be read with pleasure, for Mr.
built and look so effective, like real soldiers Collins has told the story of his Alma Mater
who could uphold the traditions of Napoleon's without the slightest taint of the chauvinist
time, and who would feel much more at home or the malcontent, and with an unwavering
on the battle-field than at an afternoon tea." adherence to the human side of his theme. It
Rural France, conservative and slow, is re is a rare specimen of objective narration, for
garded by the author as voicing with no excess affectionate attachment to an institution of


260
| Oct. 1
THE DIAL
learning does not exactly favor this sort of peace in 1815.
peace in 1815. This is followed by a brief
writing. The story of Princeton has already historical survey (which, happily, is not over-
been told, but only in a rather documentary loaded with statistics) covering the period
fashion; and histories of living institutions 1815-1912. Nine-tenths of the volume, how-
have always to be brought down to the present.ever, is descriptive rather than narrative.
Mr. Collins has done this with brief discussion Subjects to which ample consideration is ac-
of the administrations of Presidents Patton, corded include the causes of emigration, as-
Wilson, and Hibben. The periods around sisted emigration, the restriction of emigra-
which he groups the history of Princeton are tion, the transportation and distribution of
the Colonial (1746-68), the Revolutionary emigrants, the land systems encountered by
(1768-94), the ante-Bellum (1794-1868), the emigrants in America, past and present
Transition (1868-88), and the Modern (1888-). schemes of colonization, the emigration of
Of these, the first three are the most interest women and children, and the economic and
ing. How Princetonians must rejoice to read social effects of emigration. The volume closes
of those days of humble beginnings that were with a statistical appendix and a full and val-
to grow into great things as the result of the uable bibliography. The emigration which is
labors of a few men actuated by the motives brought under survey is principally that from
that spring from religious conviction, political Great Britain and Ireland to the present
foresight, and interests that necessitate sac British dependencies in the new world. But
rifice! And how New Haven men must rejoice the phenomena considered are largely such as
to read that, so far as early presidents and are exhibited no less by emigration to Aus-
trustees are concerned, Yale is the mother of tralia, South Africa, and other lands, so that
Princeton! A number of facts more curious the book becomes virtually a study of British
than important will attract the reader's atten and Irish emigration in general. In our day
tion in passing; for instance, the odd regula- approximately three hundred thousand men,
tion that a student “may absent himself from women, and children go out each year from
class exercises forty-nine times in two con the United Kingdom to settle in distant por-
secutive terms,” and the opening of the uni tions of the world. In health and capacity
versity's ledger with the statement that each for labor they are rather above than below
student costs the university three hundred and the average. The question which inevitably
thirty-one dollars and fifty cents more than it comes is whether Great Britain can afford to
receives from him. Little mention is made lose, in ever-growing numbers, these pro-
of the purely intellectual attainments and ductive elements of her population. The con-
achievements of the Princeton graduates. Mr. clusion reached by the author seems to be
Collins undoubtedly thought, in this connec that the effects of the drain can be withstood
tion, that items of this sort can be better cared successfully, provided, first, that the outflow
for in catalogues, bibliographies, records of shall not exceed the natural increase, at home,
learned societies, and so on. Be that as it of births over deaths; second, that those who
may, their inclusion would have added but migrate shall settle principally in Canada,
little to his delightful volume, so excellently Australia, and other British dependencies:
written and so abounding in touches of human and, third, that these dependencies shall agree
appeal to many without the gates of Old definitely to assist the mother country in
Nassau.
bearing the burden of Imperial Defence. Con-
Mr. Stanley C. Johnson's “His temporary developments indicate that the
British emigration tory of Emigration from the last-mentioned of these conditions, at least, is
United Kingdom to North Amer-
assured of fulfilment. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
ica, 1763-1912," is a thesis submitted in
Not all of us can afford the
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
luxury of an Italian villa in
degree of doctor of science in the University in Italy.
which to pass the months of mid-
of London and published in a series of mono winter and early spring, but all can enjoy the
graphs edited by the Director of the London luxury by proxy and in imagination by read-
School of Economics and Political Science. It
ing Mr. J. Lucas's detailed account of his
is a very satisfactory piece of work.
quest and acquisition of an ideal residence on
author has conceived his subject broadly and the hillside of Fiesole, near Florence.
has used his materials with diligence and dis- | Villa in Italy” (Duffield) makes one
crimination. An introductory chapter sums quainted, in some measure at least, with Mr.
up such meagre information as can be had and Mrs. Lucas, their pleasant life in the five-
concerning English, Scottish, and Irish emi-century-old house where once lived no less a
gration to America between the close of the personage than the famous author and states-
Seven Years' War and the restoration of man, Massimo d'Azeglio, their picturesque and
The best way
to winter
6. Our
ac-


1914)
261
THE DIAL
historic neighborhood, their nine-acre farm or Mr. Robert Ellis Thompson has endeavored in
podere and its products, and some interesting “ The History of the Dwelling House and Its
particulars as to the rare old furniture and Future" (Lippincott) to “trace the gentle de-
pottery with which they beautified their splen- velopment of the house from its beginnings to the
did abode – for splendid it appears in the present time,” and to suggest the possibilities of
telling of the interesting story and in the
coöperative housekeeping. It is briefly and simply
written.
abundant illustrations that help to complete
Professor William Bennett Munro has edited,
the mental picture painted by the author's
and furnished a brief introduction to,“ Selections
pen. Delightfully characteristic of Italian
from the Federalist" (Harvard University Press).
mercantile methods are the incidents related Those letters were chosen which in the editor's
in connection with the purchase of cabinets experience had proved the best “starting-point for
and majolica and other useful or decorative class-room discussion." The text is that of the
articles for the villa's interior. Mr. Lucas is original collected edition.
evidently no novice in the subtleties of Italian The Rev. George L. Clark has written in “A
commerce. As a whole, his book is a most
History of Connecticut, Its People and Institu-
agreeable blending of the poetic, the imag- tions” (Putnam) a description of Connecticut life
inative, and the romantic-historic, on the one
rather than a study of Connecticut origins. There
hand, with the practical, the domestic, the
are chapters on literature, art, education, agricul-
ture, philanthropy, and similar topics. The po-
homely and pleasantly realistic, on the other.
litical history of the past hundred years is largely
Until European travel conditions improve, one
ignored, but instead much matter of equal impor-
ought to find in Mr. Lucas's chapters some tance, and of more general interest, is provided.
measure of solace for the necessity of fore-
Professor Herman G. James's “Applied City
going a visit to the country he knows so well Government" (Harper) is accurately described
and writes of so entertainingly.
by its sub-title, “ The Principles and Practice of
City Charter Making.” It is a brief discussion of
The Hussite movement of the
“ Incorporation and Powers," “ The Electorate,"
A study of fifteenth century and the result-
“ The Recall and Direct Legislation,” “ The Form
the Hussite wars.
of Government,"
,” “The Administrative Officers,"
ing Bohemian civil wars have up
and “ The City's Finances.” Provisions of a model
to the present been studied chiefly from the
city charter are appended to each chapter. The
Roman Catholic viewpoint. Recently, how book is primarily intended for classes in municipal
ever, Count Lützow, the biographer of John government, but it should be of use to legislators.
Huss, has made the Hussite Wars the subject of We have read before -- but we are glad to read
extensive and thorough research, and has come again most of the essays which Mrs. Alice
to believe that the conventional ideas concern Meynell presents in her new book of “Essays”
ing this movement are largely based on error.
(Scribner). Selected mainly from her five pre-
Though Count Lützow grants that the move-
vious volumes, they show her delicate talent at its
ment had an important religious phase, he
best. Nearly all of them, even those dealing with
literary subjects, express the author's feeling for
presents it in “The Hussite Wars" (Dutton)
nature in one way or another, so that while her
chiefly as a national Bohemian movement. It
topics are sometimes as widely separated from
is the nationalist Slav rather than the re each other as Rushes and Reeds” and “A Point
ligious zealot that the author believes to be im of Biography” and her method is the discursive
portant. Count Lützow's work will no doubt one, a common emotion unites her volume.
find a welcome among students of fifteenth Professor Hugh Walker, author of "The Age
century history; but it is not likely that his of Tennyson” and of “ The Literature of the Vic-
conclusions will be given immediate accep-
torian Era," has written “ Outlines of Victorian
tance, as the whole work is somewhat contro-
Literature (Putnam), in collaboration with his
versial in character. The subject matter is of
wife. The avowed (and excellent) purpose of this
great interest, but the author's style is heavy small, compact volume, which draws upon the
to
and his treatment of the facts is often so
other two, is to "furnish an introduction, ..
stimulate interest and curiosity.” Into the Out-
detailed as to be obscure and confusing. lines have been crowded many bits of information
regarding works written during the reign of Queen
Victoria, but the book is valuable rather as a com-
BRIEFER MENTION.
pendium than as a carefully developed history of
literature. Although the authors are conscientious
James Hinton was a remarkable person, espe in their learning, they are unfortunately wanting
cially when his generation is taken into account, in any instinctive or ardent sympathy with creative
but there is little in his essay on “ The Mystery of genius. For instance, the mediocre novelists
Pain" (Kennerley) to recommend it to the contem-
accorded much more adequate estimates
porary reader except its excellent style. The than Meredith receives. His work is discussed in
present edition is reprinted from the original, pub a trivial way, which gives the uninitiated no con-
lished in London in 1866.
ception of his spiritual power and insight.
are


262
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
NOTES.
Henry Newbolt. It will be illustrated with eight
colored plates and numerous drawings in black and
Mr. Beckles Willson is writing the authorized
white by Mr. Norman Wilkinson. The stories Mr.
biography of the late Lord Strathcona.
Newbolt has written are based on fact, being largely
taken from the lives of naval heroes. The “ Fairy
Mr. Rabindranath Tagore's play, “ The King of
the Dark Chamber," is announced by Messrs. Mac-
Book Series" is now being reissued in a cheaper
edition.
millan.
“ Everyboy and Other Plays for Children,” by Nebraska, is given in the concluding pages of the
A history of the public library of Lincoln,
Mrs. Isabel Anderson, is to be published this month
by The Shakespeare Press.
current annual Report of that institution. On the
The anniversary of Louis Pasteur's death has
title-page appears a view of the fine Carnegie
building occupied by the library. Tables of sta-
just been commemorated in London by the
tistics show a steady decline in the percentage of
publication of a study of Pasteur entitled “ Pas-
fiction, both adult and juvenile, circulated during
teur and after Pasteur," by Mr. Stephen Paget.
the last three years, with a corresponding gain in
Mr. J. W. Comyns Carr's “ Coasting Bohemia” the branches of more serious reading. Like the
includes papers giving his personal impressions of average individual, the city of Lincoln is sobering
George Meredith, Whistler, Millais, Rossetti, down as it grows older.
Burne-Jones, and others. The volume is announced
The eleventh volume of the "Cambridge History
for publication in England.
of English Literature," dealing with “ The Early
Bulletin number six (August, 1914) of the Georgian Era,” is announced by Messrs. Putnam.
Russell Sage Foundation Library devotes itself to The twelfth volume, covering the early years of the
a classified list of works on penal farms and penal nineteenth century, is in the press; the concluding
colonies. Books, periodicals, society reports, and volumes (XIII. and XIV.), dealing with the Vic-
government publications have been ransacked for
torian Age, will be published together, as with the
material,
two volumes relating to the Elizabethan drama.
A collection of war poems to be issued at once Following are the contents of the forthcoming
in London by Messrs. Chatto and Windus will con volume: “Edmund Burke,” by Professor J. C.
tain, besides the contributions of Mr. Robert Grierson; “Political Writers and Speakers," by
Bridges, those of Laurence Binyon, Maurice Hew Mr. C. W. Previté-Orton; “Bentham and the
lett, Alfred Noyes, Henry Newbolt, Rudyard Kip Early Utilitarians," by Professor W. R. Sorley;
ling, and G. K. Chesterton.
“ William Cowper," by Mr. Harold Child, who is
Forty of the most perplexing passages in Shake also responsible for the chapter on George
speare, beginning with the famous “Runaway's Crabbe”; “ William Wordsworth,” by Professor
Eyes” in “Romeo and Juliet,” are discussed by Emile Legouis; “ Coleridge,” by Mr. C. E.
Mr. Charles D. Stewart in a volume to be brought Vaughan; “Southey," by Professor Saintsbury,
out by the Yale University Press under the aus who also deals with “ Lesser Poets of the Later
pices of the Elizabethan Club.
Eighteenth Century,"
;" “ The Prosody of the Eight-
The tenth edition of Bartlett's “Familiar Quota eenth Century,” and “ The Growth of the Later
tions,” revised and edited by Mr. Nathan Haskell Novel”; “Blake," by Mr. J. P. R. Wallis;
Dole, is announced for publication in November by “Burns," and "Lesser Scottish Verse," by Mr.
Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. It will contain extracts T. F. Henderson; “ The Georgian Drama," by Mr.
from some two hundred writers who are not in- Harold V. Routh; “ Book Production and Dis-
cluded in any of the previous editions.
tribution, 1625-1800," by Mr. H. G. Aldis; “ The
Mr. Herman Whitaker is the editor of a volume
Blue Stockings,” by Mrs. H. G. Aldis; and “ Chil-
of stories to be entitled “ Westwinds," which
dren's Books," by Mr. F. J. Harvey Darton.
Messrs. Paul Elder & Co. will publish under the
auspices of the California Writers' Club. Among
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
the contributors will be Mr. Jack London, Mr.
Charles F. Lummis, and Mr. Torrey Connor.
October, 1914.
“ Why We Are at War: Great Britain's Case,"
Aircraft in the War. William Menkel
Rev. of Revs.
by members of the Oxford Historical Faculty, Allies versus Germany. F. H. Simonds
Rev. of Reus.
was published in London on September 14 by the
Americans, Foreign-born, and Politics. Abram
Lipsky
Pop. Sc.
Oxford University Press. It is now being trans Artist-taxidermist, The.' William Walton
Scribner
lated into the various European languages for
Ata vism.
Harrison Rhodes
Harper
issue on the Continent “ as a counterblast to Ger Baltimore, New City of. J. W. Jenkins World's Work
man lies.” The contents have been contributed by
Barrie, Sir J. M., The Charm of. J. D. Williams Century
Baseball World's Championships. Christy
E. Barker, H. W. C. Davies, C. R. L. Fletcher, Mathewson
Everybody's
Arthur Hassall, L. G. Wickham Legg, and F.
Business, Golden Rule in.' Ida M. Tarbeli
American
Censorship, The Archangelic. W. D. Howells No. American
Morgan.
Century
The death of Andrew Lang ended the succession
Church Federation, Rural Community and.'j. R."
Hargreaves
Am. Jour. Soc.
of the “ Fairy Book Series " which he edited and Cognition and Social Interpretation. j. E.
of which Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. pub-
Boodin
Am. Jour. Soc.
Cotton, The War and. 'c: T. Revere
North American
lished a volume every Christmas for many years. Crime and the Church. A. M. Trawick Am. Jour. Soc.
Instead of a Lang fairy book this firm will this
Dance, The. Troy Kinney
Century
Disarmament. George Harvey
North American
year bring out “ The Book of the Blue Sea,” by Mr. Emerson. Warren Barton Blake
Forum
17.
.
Karl Remer
Baden-Baden.
Forum
.
Charm.
Arthur C. Benson


1914]
263
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
The length of THE DIAL's annual list of
books announced for fall publication, con-
tained in our issue of September 16, made it
necessary to carry over to the present number
the following entries, comprising the full list
of Text-Books and Juvenile announcements of
the season.
.
.
.
.
.
English, Teaching of. Henry S. Canby
Yale
Farmer, The American. E. E. Miller
Forum
Fashion and Feminism. Nina W. Putnam
Forum
Federal Tribunal, A New. B. J. Hendrick. World's Work
Fleet, The. Seaton Schroeder
Scribner
Forests, Coniferous, in America. R. M. Harper
Pop. Sc.
France, Cabinet Government in. James W.
Garner
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Franklin's Plans for a Colonial Union. 'Mrs. L. K.
Mathews
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
French and Flemish. Arnold Bennett
Century
French Revolution, The. Hilaire Belloc
Century
Gallatin, James, Diary of — II.
Scribner
Genius, The Enigma of. Hugh Walker
Yale
Giovannitti. Kenneth MacGowan
Forum
Habit Formation and Reformation. E. P. Frost
Yale
Harvard, Changing Temper at. G. V. Seldes
Forum
Health, National, Research and. Benjamin
Moore
Pop. Sc.
Home Rule. Oswald Ryan
Pop. Sc.
Housing Conditions in Chicago. Helen Wilson
and Eunice Smith .
Am. Jour. Soc.
Humility, Our Cultural. R. S. Bourne
Atlantic
Immigrant Groups, Lesser. E. A. Ross
Century
Inheritance, Phenomena of. E. G. Conklin
Pop. Sc.
Italy and the Triple Alliance. R. H. Fife . North American
Italy's Position. George B. McClellan
Atlantic
Japan, Our Relations with. W. E. Griffis
No. Amer.
Johnson, Hiram, of California. George Creel Everybody's
Kaiser, The, and His People. Kuno Francke Atlantic
Labor Unions. Charles W. Eliot
World's Work
Latin America, Our Trade in. John Barrett . Rev. of Revs.
Liberty and Equality. Arthur Colton
Yale
Liége, What I Saw in. Granville Fortescue Metropolitan
Life and Mind. John Burroughs
North American
Life as the Scientist Sees It. John Burroughs
Yale
London. E. S. Martin
Scribner
"Macbeth,” Workmanship of. Arthur
Quiller-Couch
North American
McClellan, George B. Gamaliel Bradford
Atlantic
Majority, The Friendless. 0. W. Firkins
Atlantic
Mohammedan Point of View, The. Achmed
Abdullah
Forum
Municipal Affairs, Current. · Alice M.
Holden
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Municipal Citizenship. George McAneny
Yale
New York at Daybreak. Simeon Strunsky
Harper
New York County System. H. S. Gilbertson Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Newspapers and the War. D. C. Seitz
Rev. of Revs.
Norway and the Norwegians — I. Price Collier Scribner
Ohio's Old-time State Capital. W. D. Howells Harper
Paris. Madame de Hegermann-Lindencrone
Harper
Peace, Forging a Great. Sir Henry Norman Scribner
Poets, The Matter with the. Robert H.
Schauffler
North American
Poverty. Agnes Repplier .
Atlantic
President, Powers of the. W. H. Taft
Yale
Prison Reform in New York. Madeleine Z. Doty Century
Religion, Laissez-faire in. Washington Gladden Atlantic
Religion in the Modern Novel. Louise M.
Field
Forum
Religious Beliefs, Changing. Hugh Black Everybody's
Representatives and Government. F. E. Leupp Scribner
Reviewer, The American. Bliss Perry
Yale
River of Doubt, The Theodore Roosevelt
Scribner
Royal Relatives of Europe. G. H. Merritt World's Work
School. Simeon Strunsky.
Atlantic
Self, The Subliminal. Maurice Maeterlinck
Harper
Service, Evolution of. William Patten
Pop. Sc.
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Joan; Betty Blue; Jenny Wren; illus, in color,


1914]
267
THE DIAL
etc., 25 cts, net.- The Merrymind Series, illus. in
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Reading Circle Classics for Young People, new
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net.- Boys of the Bible, by Norma Bright Carson,
illus., 75 cts. net.— The Bible for Children, by H.
Thiselton Mark, illus., 50 cts. net.— The Young
People's Bible, Vol. 1., Old Testament Stories;


268
(Oct. 1
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 116 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Frémont and '49. By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 547 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50 net.
Joseph Conrad. By Richard Curle. Svo, 245 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.25 net.
Gilbert and Sullivan and Their Operas. By Francois
Cellier and Cunningham Bridgeman. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 443 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$3.50 net.
The Life and Times of Cleopatra: Queen of Egypt.
By Arthur E. P. B. Weigall. Illustrated, large
8vo, 410 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
More Than Conquerors. By Ariadne Gilbert. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 423 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
Famous War Correspondents. By F. Lauriston
Bullard. Illustrated, large 8vo, 437 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $2. net.
Major Prophets of To-day. By Edwin E. Slosson,
Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 299 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50 net.
Dr. Barnardo as I Knew Him. By A. R. Neuman
(one of his staff). 16mo, 130 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Little Women Letters from the House of Aleott.
Selected by Jessie Bonstelle and Marian de
Forest. Illustrated, 12mo, 197 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
The Author's Craft. By Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 124
pages. George H. Doran Co. 75 cts. net.
On Acting. By Brander Matthews. 16mo, 90 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. net.
Criticism. By W. C. Brownell. 16mo, 85 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. net.
Vol. II., New Testament Stories; each illus., per
vol., 50 cts. net. — Good Bird, the Indian, by Gilbert
L. Wilson, illus., 40 cts. net.— “Never Old” Bible
Stories, retold for the Children, 4 titles, each illus.,
25 cts, net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.)
Beth's Wonder Winter, by Marion Ames Taggart,
illus., $1.25 net.- Wild Kindred of Fur, Feather,
and Fin, by Jean M. Thompson, $1.25 net.- In
Camp at Fort Brady, by Lewis E. Theiss, $1. net.-
Boy Scouts in the White Mountains, by Walter P.
Eaton, $1. net.— Elizabeth, Betsy, and Bess, School-
mates, by Amy E. Blanchard, $1. net. Cinders, the
young apprentice of the steel mills, by Hugh C.
Weir, $1. net.-- Little Stories for Little People, 50
cts. net. (W. A. Wilde Co.)
On and Off Shore, by George Whitefield D'Vys, illus.,
$1.25 net.-- The Three River Kids, by Frank H.
Cheley, illus., $1. net.-- Four-footed Folk, by Eliza-
beth Gordon, illus., $1. net.-- Billy and Bumps, by
Katharine Kavanaugh, illus., 35 cts. net. (Metho-
dist Book Concern.)
The Totem of Black Hawk, by Everett McNeil, illus.,
$1.20 net. — The Last Raid, by Byron A. Dunn,
illus., $1.10 net.- “ Dame Curtsey's" Book of
Games for Children, 50 cts. net. (A. C. McClurg
& Co.)
Josephine, a story of the Civil War, by Elizabeth
Cummings, illus., $1.25 net.— The Double D's, by
Mrs. Frank Lee, illus., $1. net.— The Golden Goblet,
by Jay T. Stocking, illus., $1. net.— The Children's
Bread, addresses to children, by John Edgar Park,
75 cts. net.— Bird Friends of a Country Doll, by
Caroline S. Allen, illus. in color, 50 cts. net.— The
Animal School, and other stories, by Frances W.
Danielson, 50 cts, net. (Pilgrim Press.)
The Forest Ring, a fairy fantasy, by William C. De
Mille, illus. in color by Harold Sichel, $2. net.-
Cinderella, the story told by Githa Sowerby and
illus. by Millicent Sowerby, $2.50 net. Wings and
the Child, by E. Nesbit, Mrs. Nesbit Bland, illus.,
$1.50 net. (George H. Doran Co.)
The Diamond Story Book, by Penrhyn Wingfield Cous-
sens, illus. in color, $1.50 net.— Imagina, by Julia
Ellsworth Ford, $1.50 net.- The Treasure Finders,
or How the Adventurers of Four Centuries Found
a New Land, by Oliver Clay, illus., $1.25 net.-
Let's Go to the Zoo, by Grace G. Drayton, $1. net.--
The Peggy and Pussy Book, by Mary A. Hays,
illus, in color, 50 cts. net.- Strange Playmates, by
Martha Strong Turner, illus., 50 cts. net. (Duffield
& Co.)
The Boy Scouts' Roll of Honor, by Eric Wood, illus.,
$1.25 net.— Emancipation, Betty in Search of a
Career, by Dorothy A. Beckett Terrell, illus., $1.25
net. (Funk & Wagnalls Co.)
Fairy Book Series, by Andrew Lang, cheaper edition,
25 vols., illus., per vol. $1. net. (Longmans, Green
& Co.)
Remember Rhymes, by A. A. and E. B. Knipe, illus.,
$1.25 net.— Playtime Melody Library, illus. in
color, 50 cts. net. (Hearst's International Library
Co.)
Lady Rumdidoodledum's Children, a book of fairy
tales, by S. B. Dinkelspiel, $1. net. (Desmond Fitz-
Gerala, Inc.)
Carl Hall of Tait, by E. T. Tomlinson, $1.25 net.--
World Stories Retold, two hundred stories, by
William James Sly, Ph.D., $1. net. (American
Baptist Publication Society.)
Told by the Camp Fire, by F. H. Cheley, 75 cts, net.-
How to Hold a Job, counsel to boys, by H. L. Piner,
10 cts, net. (Association Press.)
Indian Days of the Long Ago, Indian life and Indian
lore, by Edward S. Curtis, illus. (World Book Co.)
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Three Modern Plays from the French: Lavedan's
The Prince D'Aurec; Lemaitre's The Pardon;
and Donnay's The Other Danger. With Preface
by Clayton Hamilton. 12mo, 272 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.50 net.
The Single Hound: Poems of a Lifetime. By Emily
Dickinson; with Introduction by Martha Dick-
inson Bianchi. 12mo, 151 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. $1.25 net.
Poems. By Edward Sandford Martin. 12mo, 213
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Georgian Poetry, 1911-1912. 12mo, 197 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Shakespeare's Principal Plays. Edited with Intro-
duction and Notes by Tucker Brooke, John Wil-
liam Cunliffe, and Henry Noble MacCracken.
Large 8vo. Century Co. $2. net.
Poems. By John T. McFarland. With photo-
gravure portrait, 12mo, 75 pages. Methodist
Book Concern. 75 cts. net.
Ballads of Blyndham Town. By Robert DeCamp
Leland. Large 8vo. Amityville: Paul Bailey.
FICTION.
The Clarion. By Samuel Hopkins Adams. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 417 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.35 net.
The House in Demetrius Road. By J. D. Beresford.
12mo, 334 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.30 net.
The Mutiny of the Elsinore. By Jack London.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 378 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.35 net.
A Lady of Leisure. By Ethel Sidgwick. 12mo, 478
pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35 net.
They Who Question. 12mo, 342 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.35 net.
The Ranch at the Wolverine. By B. M. Bower.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 356 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.30 net.
The Duke of Oblivion. By John Reed Scott. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 351 pages.
J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
The Right Track. By Clara Louise Burnham. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 422 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Laughing Cavalier. By Baroness Orczy. 12mo,
439 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35 net.


THE DIAL
-
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
MR. VACHEL LINDSAY.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and
16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico;
Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. RE-
MITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order,
payable to THE DIAL. Unless otherwise ordered, subscrip-
tions will begin with the current number. When no direct
request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is re-
ceived, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is
desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application.
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
Entered as Second-Class latter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
Vol. LVII.
OCTOBER 16, 1914.
No. 680.
.
.
Mr. Vachel Lindsay is surely the most curi-
ous literary figure in America. His poems
have appeared alike in "Farm and Fireside"
and “The Yale Review." He has proclaimed
himself at one time or another à tramp, an
apostle of beauty, and an artist of the Higher
Vaudeville.” He might have added that he is
something of a “gospel-shouter."
Chicago's interest in Mr. Lindsay was defi-
nitely aroused last winter at the dinner given
by "Poetry” in honor of Mr. William Butler
Yeats. It was Mr. Yeats himself who was re-
sponsible. He intimated that Mr. Lindsay was
the most promising poet he had discovered in
the United States and flatly stated of “Gen-
eral William Booth Enters into Heaven” that
it had an earnest simplicity, a strange beauty,
and you know Bacon said, 'there is no excel-
lent beauty without strangeness.?” Mr. Lind-
say was persuaded, when he had acknowledged
this compliment, to read a new poem, “The
Congo."
The moment was not propitious.
The audience was already thinking how it
could manage decently to go home. But Mr.
Lindsay's first line caught its flagging atten-
tion:
“ Fat black bucks in a wine-barrel room,
Barrel-house kings, with feet unstable,
Sagged and reeled and pounded on the table,
Pounded on the table,
Beat an empty barrel with the handle of a broom,
Hard as they were able,
Boom, boom, BOOM,
With a silk umbrella and the handle of a broom,
Boomlay, boomlay, boomlay, BOOM.
Those who had never heard Mr. Lindsay be-
fore, and they were in the majority, were a
little excited and a good deal puzzled. Mr.
Lindsay chanted four lines more,
“THEN I had religion, THEN I had a vision.
I could not turn from their revel in derision.
THEN I SAW THE CONGO, CREEPING
THROUGH THE BLACK,
CUTTING THROUGH THE FOREST WITH
A GOLDEN TRACK."
and then, marking the rapid, syncopated
rhythm with swaying body and jerking arms,
he beat up his first climax in the fashion com-
mon to exhorters of every sort:
.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
MR. VACHEL LINDSAY
281
NEW TENDENCIES IN FRENCH POETRY.
Amelia von Ende
283
CASUAL COMMENT
286
The learned pastimes of an emperor. —
Homeric noddings.-A modification of Sher-
man's definition of war.- Duck-back read-
ers.-A holocaust of precious manuscripts.
-Culture among the Tagalogs.—A famous
“ Mark Twain " character. The literary
critic's limited audience.- Educational use
of the picture post card.— The library.
user's profitable investment.
COMMUNICATIONS
• 289
Emerson's Journals. Charles M, Street,
Mr. Lamar Fontaine. Calvin S. Brown.
"All Quiet along the Potomac.” Hyder E.
Rollins.
A FAMOUS THEATRICAL TRIUMVIRATE.
Percy F. Bicknell
291
OUR NATURAL ENEMY? T. D. A. Cockerell 293
THE CASE FOR THE MATRIARCHATE.
W. W. Comfort .
295
AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES. Frederic
Austin Ogg
296
NIETZSCHE AND DR. BRANDES. George
Bernard Donlin
297
RECENT FICTION. Lucian Cary
. 299
Venable's Pierre Vinton.— Adams's The
Clarion.- Beresford's The House in De-
metrius Road.- Couperus's Small Souls.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
301
The history and the literature of ancient
Egypt.- Columbia University: its history
and its problems.-A Syrian stone-mason who
is now a minister in Boston.-A summer
tramp in southwestern France.— In the land
of perpetual revolution. The popular ballad
in Denmark.— The ancient civilizations of
Mexico.- An observer of immigrants to
America.— The fair sex in the land of the
Pharaohs. The adventurous men who have
reported battles.— The political career of
Demosthenes.— Frank estimates of forty
prominent persons.
BRIEFER MENTION.
306
NOTES
306
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
307
.


282
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
“ Then along that riverbank
probably exaggerate the difference, in Mr.
A thousand miles
Lindsay's mind, between it and New England.
Tattooed cannibals danced in files;
Then I heard the boom of the blood-lust song
Mr. Lindsay's own statement may be found in
And a thigh-bone beating on a tin-pan gong.
one of his proclamations in “Farm and Fire-
And 'BLOOD' screamed the whistles and the side,” or perhaps better, in his apostrophe to
fifes of the warriors;
Kansas in his "Adventures while Preaching
'BLOOD!' screamed the skull-faced, lean witch the Gospel of Beauty,” from which we quote:
doctors,
'Whirl ye the deadly voo-doo rattle,
“Kansas, the Ideal American Community! Kan-
Harry the uplands.
sas, nearer than any other to the kind of a land
Steal all the cattle,
our fathers took for granted! Kansas, practically
Rattle-rattle, rattle-rattle,
free from cities and industrialism, the real last
Bing.
refuge of the constitution, since it maintains the
Boomlay, boomlay, boomlay, BOOM.'”
type of agricultural civilization the constitution
That “BOOM” shook the room, but Mr. Lind-
had in mind! Kansas, State of tremendous crops
and hardy, devout, natural men!... Kansas of the
say chanted on, chanted of Mumbo-Jumbo, and Chautauqua and the college student and the devout
all the other gods of the Congo, of the negro school-teacher! The dry State, the automobile
fairyland, of Jacob and the golden stairs, until: State, the insurgent State! Kansas, that is ruled
by the cross-roads church and the church type of
“ There, where the wild ghost-gods had wailed
A million boats of the angels sailed
civilization! The Newest New England! State of
more promise of permanent spiritual glory than
With oars of silver, and prows of blue
Massachusetts in her brilliant youth!”
And silken pennants that the sun shone through.
'Twas a land transfigured, 'twas a new creation.
The attitude here so directly stated in prose
Oh, a singing wind swept the negro nation is implicit in Mr. Lindsay's poems. He has
And on through the backwoods clearing flew : been familiar enough with the moving-picture
• Mumbo-Jumbo is dead in the jungle.
Never again will he hoo-doo you.
theatre to write verses celebrating the charms
Never again will he hoo-doo you.''
of Miss Blanche Sweet and Miss Mary Pick-
When Mr. Lindsay had finished, he was
ford; he has been enough affected by contem-
surrounded by women who wished to be his porary sociology to write poems on the white
hostesses at dinner. The North Shore had dis- slave and one, at least, on the proletariat; and
covered a lion who could roar! The young man
he has written' in praise of a dancer,
who had come up to Chicago to stay three days
“ With foot like the snow, and with step like
remained three weeks.
the rain."
It is altogether possible that such a triumph But these interests have come easily enough,
means only that those who give dinners to Mr. without seriously modifying the man within.
Yeats are quite as susceptible to the devices of His vocabulary, his images, his rhythms, his
vaudeville as are those who do not. But hap- moral bias - all these go directly back to the
pening in Chicago, as it did, it lends interest camp-meeting which was so familiar an ex-
to the question which Miss Harriet Monroe, in pression of Middle Western emotion a genera-
introducing “The Congo" and the other poems tion ago. We do not need to be told that Mr.
of Mr. Lindsay's new volume, asks : how far Lindsay has lived in a house with a summer-
does Mr. Vachel Lindsay express the Middle kitchen in the rear, a base-burner in the
West? Miss Monroe leaves the question to middle, and furniture of black walnut and
time to decide, as must all those who feel that hair-cloth in the front. It is perfectly certain
the Middle West is still very much a place and that the margin by which he became a poet
very little a philosophy or an emotion. Mr. and not a revivalist was of the narrowest.
Lindsay is not of that opinion. He feels that Could anything be more representative of the
the people of the Mississippi valley can be Middle West that was?
"expressed." He thinks of their spirit as the To grant Mr. Lindsay his representativeness
spirit of New England once removed and of does not, of course, grant him his expressive-
their culture as the culture of Harvard, “The ness. It may be that his escape from the ex-
Atlantic Monthly," and, say, the Congrega-
and, say, the Congrega- horter's platform is only temporary. Many
tional Church, modified only by a somewhat of his poems are spoiled by what Mr. Yeats
freer manner and gesture. The Middle West would call “moral fervour." Many more are
Mr. Lindsay knows best might be better rep marred by an ill-chosen word or a badly man-
resented by a state university, "The Outlook," aged line. But Mr. Lindsay has a novel talent,
and Methodism, but that substitution would even a poetical talent. The man who wrote


1914)
283
THE DIAL
“General William Booth Enters into Heaven,” Within the last twenty-five years a score of
where
æsthetic movements has sprung up in the ever
“ The banjos rattled and the tambourines
active intellectual atmosphere of France. They
Jing-jing-jingled in the hands of Queens," form an appalling procession of “isms.” Upon
and “The Congo" - whether it is called impressionism and symbolism, realism and
“Higher Vaudeville” or a daring experiment naturalism, which the progressive young gen-
- has poetry in him, even if he has not per-
eration is already likely to be classing with
fectly learned how to bring it out. Indeed,
"archaisms, has followed a long line of
we could hardly say less of Mr. Lindsay if we
secessionist groups of poets, some so closely
allied as to be barely distinguishable, others
had seen only the first lines of his poem to
of striking dissimilarity, and most of them not
John P. Altgeld, which begins :
nearly so new as their names would imply.
“Sleep softly . eagle forgotten ... under the
For they can be reduced to the two main cur-
stone.
rents that have alternately determined the
Time has its way with you there, and the clay direction of literary development all over the
has its own."
world: the one, artistic and inclining toward
He may cease to grow as a poet. He may have
an art for art's sake; the other, social and
gone as far as he will ever go. In that case he insisting upon an art springing from and
will never be held to have expressed the emo-
appealing to real life. It would not be diffi-
tion of the Middle West. But we do not know cult to conceive them as the aesthetic formulas
a young man of any more promise than Mr. of the eternal conflict between the ideal and
Vachel Lindsay for the task which he seems to the real.
have set himself.
Of this bewildering abundance of ideas and
their champions, some merit more than passing
mention because they are distinctly sympto-
NEW TENDENCIES IN FRENCH matic of the general intellectual ferment and
POETRY.
unrest of our time. The revolt against con-
ventions frequently recurs. M. Albert Londres
M. Romain Rolland says in “ Jean Chris is the father of "effrénéisme,” which is a
tophe” that, when a Frenchman has ideas, he poetical protest against the measured and
always wants to impress them upon others. It moderate sentiments of life and letters: he
does not seem quite fair to limit this quality to would have the poet seek a state of breathless
Frenchmen, when the Germans are well known exaltation. Yet the following specimen of his
for their didacticism and proselytism, and no own poetry is in the same measured lines and
one supposes that their present resort to the symmetrical rhymes that French verse has
fields of arms means that they have perma known since the days of Boileau, nor is its
nently abandoned the field of ideas. Nor is emotional intensity of the degree he aspires to:
there any lack of the desire to convert among “ Va, marche devant toi, jeune homme, mon pareil,
other nations. Every artistic revolution is a Et du haut du perron ou frappe le soleil,
matching of ideas against ideas, of wits Salue amplement cette terre.
against wits. Every new æsthetic creed is Puis descends les gradins que ta race a montés
fought for by its followers with all the dia Cours meler ta jeunesse aux luttes des cités,
lectic and stylistic forces at their command.
Sois puissant, mais plus 'solitaire.'
But the distinguishing feature of the French M. Edmond Thiaudière, the author of
man with ideas is his faculty of coining terms “Notes d'un pessimiste," has the courage to
in which these ideas are crystallized with face an age which had acclaimed the gospel of
a fair degree of finality. The alertness and "beyond good or evil” with his ideal of
acumen displayed by the French in their criti "bonisme,” a worship of goodness which he
cal fencing-bouts have not been lost upon would make the philosophy of philosophies,
other nations. On the whetstone of French the religion of religions, not only in theory,
criticism the theorists and the critics of the
but in practice. M. Max Jacob has studied
world have sharpened their wits and their the racial ancestry of the French and dis-
words. For, every controversy that has en covered in the old Druid liturgies the origin
gaged the attention and the interest of those of French poetic traditions.
of French poetic traditions. He traces the
in touch with French letters has left a legacy close kinship between Druid mysticism and
of epithets and phrases so striking and timely, Hindu metaphysics and has constructed an
so suggestive and illuminating, that they have æsthetic system which he calls “druidisme."
become valuable elements of the vocabulary of M. André Billy seeks to express the syn-
other literatures. In this respect, at least, thetical features of our life by an æsthetic
French criticism is unrivalled.
code under the term “totalisme." Concerned


284
[Oct. 16
THE DIAL
with protecting the spiritual boundaries of which our sensibilities are daily exposed, have
the nation's culture, M. F. Jean-Desthieux's profoundly modified our organism. The eye
"patriartisme" seems to be a brother in accustomed to electric light can no longer see
esthetics to political nationalism. Signor sunlight and color as it did before; the ear
Lenzi, a progressive Italian, has been preach has adjusted itself to the din and the clatter
ing in France the doctrine of "philoprésen- of metropolitan traffic and has become attuned
tanéisme." It advocates a life of pure instinct, to another world of consonance and disso-
centering in the present moment, without nance. Hence, in letters, art, and music, other
forethought or afterthought. M. Adrien standards are bound to impose themselves
Mithouard has conceived the colossal idea of upon the critic who would keep abreast of
“plurisme,” which is to convey not a succes the time in reducing these manifestations to
sion of impressions, but their collective simul æsthetic formulas. M. Guilbeaux, seeing these
taneous manifestation. The theory has been changes taking place throughout the world,
promptly adopted by M. H.-M. Barzun, who argues that the new spirit of the time requires
has elaborated it into "simultanéisme," and for its expression a new form, since the old
an artist is said to be applying it in his paint- medium cannot hold the old message. He
ings, which are to inaugurate the new school breaks out into this prophecy :
of "synchronisme." Dating back to 1896, an “A new Gothic age is on the way, an age of
almost venerable age in our period of rapid engineers, architects, Herculean rhapsodists — a
transit in life as in letters, “democratisme" race of autochthones, athletic, continental, as Walt
has run its course in art and art magazines;
Whitman said.”
recently, however, it developed into “prole- The new poetry, in its verse-like rhythm, must
tairisme.”
reflect the inner rhythm,- must correspond
To the nephew of Oscar Wilde, Mr. Arthur exactly to the very thrills of our thoughts and
Cravan, is due the credit of having applied to feelings. The language must have consistence,
poetical production the philosophy of “plural must be based upon a popular and technical
isme," of which M. J. H. Rosny the elder is vocabulary, and must be simple and solid like a
a brilliant representative. Goethe had sung piece of concrete work. The density of words
the conflict of his dual soul. Mr. Cravan is more important than their sonority. The
sings the disturbing manifestations of his style must approach that of the old heroic
plural soul. Conscious of being identical with epic, inasmuch as this poetry is to glorify
all things, all human creatures and all ani stupendous mechanical structures and the
mals, he also desires ubiquity and wishes that heroic mechanical activity of the present. The
he could gobble (bâfrer) all the tempting poet must forego all refinement of intellectual-
dishes on the world's menus and that he could ism and artistry and endeavor to be sane and
possess all women a monstrous capacity of simple and strong. Nor is this new poetry
imagination! Mr. Cravan has also invented intended to be read in the solitude of the
the term “machinisme," which very appro- individual sanctuary or at the symposia of
priately characterizes the mechanical and in the initiated. On the contrary, rooted as it
dustrial side of our life. The term has not is in the real life of the real people, its appeal
found wide usage, however, perhaps because is primarily to the mass of the people, and it
its rival, “dynamisme," is more euphonious. should be chanted in the manner of ancient
Since M. A.-M. Gossez, the author of an in- rhapsodists before large congregations. Con-
tensely interesting volume of verse, entitled trary to symbolism and art for art's sake,
"La mauvaise aventure" (which, however, which have run their gamut and ended in
gives no inkling of his sympathy with the subtle abstractions and orphic obscurities.
new poetic ideal and is an admirable achieve dynamism is meant to record the rhythms of
ment on less heretical lines), delivered a lec real life, to translate into verse of corre-
ture on “Le dynamisme poetique” in Rouen sponding form the formidable power of the
four years ago, the term has frequently ap- proletariat, the forces fermenting and seething
peared in the columns of literary magazines. in the metropolitan furnace, the daily turmoil
The same year M. Henri Guilbeaux, lecturing of traffic, the fever of speculation, the hunger
before audiences in Germany, said:
for success, — all the longing of the great living
“So far poetry has been static; now it is and mass of humanity.
should be dynamic. The naturalistic writers have There seems little doubt that Walt Whit-
given art realism and pleinairism; the new writers man is the spiritual father of M. Guilbeaux's
are introducing movement and power.”
poetic ideal. The German poets quoted as
The arguments in favor of this new de dynamic are among those who hold high the
parture sound rather convincing. The new memory of the great American poet. They are
rhythm of our modern life, the shocks to Richard Dehmel, Johannes Schlaf, Arno Holz,
--
--


1914]
285
THE DIAL
Karl Henckell, Alfons
Alfons Paquet, Wilhelm
Wilhelm flects an individuality which, after all, is bound
Schmidtbonn, and others. The French poets to go its own way.
enrolled in this group are the late Henri In M. Nicolas Beauduin, the editor of "La
Franck, André Spire, Philéas Lebèsgue, Pierre Vie des Lettres,'' dynamic poetry has found
Hamp, Nicolas Beauduin, A.-M. Gossez, and another earnest champion. Not contented
the dramatist Henri Martin Barzun. M. Guil- with opening the columns of his magazine to
beaux refuses to consider futurism a “mod this new secession, he has made the following
ern” movement an amusing paradox statement in a recent issue of “Le Mercure de
because its eulogy of war is untimely!
France'':
M. Guilbeaux's mission was for some time. “ The dogma of impossibility, the hieratic atti-
until war was declared that of a literary tude, the mathematical meter, the conventional
mediator between the two countries. He rhythms, in a word, the static' quality, shall be
wrote on German letters for French reviews succeeded by the dynamics of motion, by dynamic
and on French writers for German magazines. æsthetics, truer than the other, because, rooted in
He recently published a very remarkable an-
reality, more identical with the life of things."
thology of contemporary German verse. M. M. Beauduin not only seconds Guilbeaux in
Guilbeaux is an enthusiast and an idealist theoretical propaganda, but applies the new
with whom every self-chosen task becomes a æsthetic code to his own poetical production.
labor of love. No little feeling went into the His seven “Poemes paroxystes à la gloire de
compilation and the translation of the poems Paris moderne" are an amazing performance.
collected under the title "Anthologie des Never before has the soul of a city been sung
lyriques allemands contemporains depuis in accents so intense, so vibrant, so quivering
Nietzsche." The book is dedicated to Guil and throbbing with the very nerves and pulses
beaux's friend, M. Leon Bazalgette, the biog- of living and striving millions :
rapher and translator of Whitman, and to “0 Géante Cité, debout sur l'univers,
Herr Stefan Zweig, the German translator Toi qui hausses au ciel vaincu ta Tour de Fer
and champion of M. Verhaeren. M. Ver Comme un symbole de victoire ..."
haeren himself supplies the preface and sees The poems contain many striking images and
in the undertaking far more than a literary eloquent lines, among them the following:
achievement. For Guilbeaux is to him a rep “Tu n'es pas celle qui sommeille,
resentative of that new Europe which is to be Mais l'instable, la paroxyste qui fait saigner
built, not upon the conceptions of the past, but Et sans fin renouvelle
upon the realities of the present, and to bring Un desir imprevu
close to each other nations separated by arti Qui pousse hors du formalisme et du connu,
ficial and fictitious barriers. One may be
Hors du cercle glacé et neutre des routines,
permitted to wonder how much faith in that
Vers une creation plus neuve et plus divine.”
new Europe now remains to M. Verhaeren. If the spirit of this poetry reflects the read-
M. Guilbeaux's attitude toward modern ing of life which young France has evolved
poetry was vaguely foreshadowed in his first out of the chaos of conflicting ideas, it would
book of verse, “Berlin-feuillets d'un soli augur a wonderful Gallic renaissance. For
taire,” which was published five years ago.
“La Vie des Lettres" is not the only maga-
Prolonged residence in the German capital,
zine that sounds this new note in philosophy,
the most “American” of all German cities, letters, and art. It has a most valiant little
had attuned his ear to the cacophonies of contemporary in "L'Effort Libre," which is
metropolitan life and adjusted his vision to edited by Leon Bazalgette, Jean Richard
the shifting scenes of the moving panorama Bloch, André Spire, and others, and covers an
about him. He began to realize their æsthetic even wider area of vital topics. Quiet workers
possibilities and, watching the crowds at the they all are, ignoring all so-called literary
“Stettiner Bahnhof," wrote in his notebook : coteries and in turn ignored by them. Perhaps
“ La gare est le temple moderne,
the new spirit that they express and the new
Ou j'adore exultant le cæur vibrant des trains;
form in which it is manifesting itself are not
Mon ame aime à flaner au long des quais en fièvre,
wholly new to those who can read the harmo-
Ou l'ame de la foule immensément tessaile ..." nies of the great hymn of life up and down and
Specimens from a volume of “Hymnes et
recognize, not only the tune soaring above, but
psaumes” which he is preparing for publica- the mighty organ-point sounding below. For
tion have from time to time appeared in print,
they hear through it all the keynote of ideal
and suggest that since the publication of his
democracy and trace the pedigree of the
first book, he found his masters in Whitman “dynamic” poets and their brethren - the
and M. Verhaeren. But although they may
great Verhaeren included-to Walt Whitman.
stand sponsors for his work, it distinctly re-
AMELIA VON ENDE.


286
[Oct. 16
THE DIAL
CASUAL COMMENT.
great knowledge. When nothing much is
happening, he has been seen sitting for an
THE LEARNED PASTIMES OF AN EMPEROR ex-
hour on a pile of earth, swapping stories with
cite in the general public an interest wholly
one of his American friends." Worthy of
out of proportion to their real importance.
notice at this time is the pen picture thus
To see the potentates of this world engaging
drawn by one who has met familiarly the
in pursuits that bring them for the time being him on matters of art and archæology of com-
"war lord” of Europe and has talked with
down to the plane of those not born in the
purple seems to exercise a peculiar fascination
mon interest to the two.
on the beholder. Diocletian, living in unos-
tentatious seclusion for nine years and amus HOMERIC NODDINGS have, ever since Homer's
ing himself with the cultivation of his garden, time, given welcome occasion to men of less
makes an intimate appeal that is not felt in than Homeric greatness to air their little
contemplating the same Diocletian celebrating stock of learning and to swell themselves up
with Maximian his splendid triumph over the with the conceit of vast superiority to genius.
enemies of Rome in Asia, Africa, Britain, and In reading the incomparable Omar quatrains
Germany. “I wish you would come to Sa- of FitzGerald's shaping, a small critic might
lona,” he writes to his colleague from his take exception to certain images and phrases,
retirement, "and see the cabbages I have and thus tickle himself with a sense of superi-
planted: you would never again mention to ority to the Woodbridge poet and philosopher.
me the name of empire." Mr. Richard Norton, For instance, in stanza sixty-seven, the famous
who was last year pleasantly introduced by likening of hell to "the shadow from a soul
his father (see the “Letters" of Charles Eliot on fire, cast on the darkness” might cause
Norton) to a wide circle of readers in con trouble to a literal-minded reader, who would
nection with his work as Director of the perhaps be tempted to ask: How can a fire
American School of Classical Studies at cast a shadow on darkness? An opaque object
Rome, and who has extended his archæological between the fire and a surface illuminated by
researches to Greece as well, describes in a it would cast a shadow on that surface; but
recent newspaper article some of the German to speak of a fire as projecting its shadow on
Emperor's holiday diversions at Corfu, where, an unilluminated void is nonsense. Long-
as patron of Greek archæology, he is causing fellow's image of "footprints on the sands of
certain important excavations to be made. time” has excited the derision of many a
"It is perhaps at Corfu," writes Mr. Norton, prosaic soul; for how, it is asked, can any.
“that he has shown most clearly that he thing like permanence be associated with such
enjoys the paths of pleasantness and peace.
footprints ? The same storm that threw the
There, week after week, each spring for sev-
forlorn and shipwrecked brother on to those
eral years now, he has lived above the town in sands would obliterate the supposed impres-
the villa built by the late Empress of Austria, sions. How often the self-constituted critic
or else in the lovely harbor on his private of literary masterpieces feels himself tempted
steamship, the Hohenzollern. ... He is accom to reconstruct certain lines that distress his
panied by no pomp and state, but only by a
small soul by reason of their fancied imper-
very small necessary staff and by one or more
fections! For example, when Browning, in
famous scholars. Of these the most familiar
“Rabbi Ben Ezra,” bids us “rejoice we are
is Dörpfeld, the architect and excavator of allied to that which doth provide and not
world-wide fame. He probably enjoys getting partake, effect and not receive,” the stickler
up every morning by six and getting to the
for perfect antithesis is unhappy until he has
site of the Greek temple (where the Kaiser's
substituted "bestow” for “effect." And the
last line of Emerson's “Sursum Corda"
excavations are) by eight, but the official staff "For only it can absolutely deal” — disturbs
find it a trial to their devotion. Yet this is the serenity of him who claims to know better
'what the Kaiser does day after day. He not
than the poet himself what meaning he in-
only goes early, but he stays till six, when the tended to convey; for the dominant idea,
workmen go home, and only takes a couple of
argues this pestilent person, is not that heaven
hours out for lunch and siesta. His excite- alone is capable of absolute dealing, but that
ment when anything is turned up is delight- heaven deals absolutely or not at all, and
ful to see. Last spring, when a bas-relief hence the line should read: "For it can only
showing an utterly unknown and unsuspected absolutely deal." Evidently our emendator
form of ancient Greek armor was found, his of masterpieces is an absolute person, and so
understanding of it was complete, and his here we leave him to the merited nemesis his
comparisons with mediæval armor showed pedantic practices are preparing for him.


1914)
287
THE DIAL
A MODIFICATION OF SHERMAN'S DEFINITION Indiscriminate inclusiveness is characteristic
OF WAR arrests the attention in Mr. Simeon of the reading of many duck-backs, and others
Strunsky's “Post-Impressions.” In fact the there are who, restricting their range, read
modification is so radical as to amount to a and re-read the same books with as little in-
re-definition. To quote from the mirth-pro- tellectual or spiritual result. In this class
voking Mr. Strunsky: “War is love. It is belongs the person who forms the habit of
the brotherhood of man. Here, for instance, going through Boswell's “Johnson” once a
the races of India have been clamoring for year, but is never heard to quote a word of
self-government, and in vain. But all at once the great man or known to display any of
England confers on her Indian subjects a his wisdom. Would a thorough mastery of
privilege infinitely greater than the right of any book admit of its annual perusal in course
voting for aldermen and district magistrates thereafter with patience or profit? Perhaps
England has admitted her Indian subjects to so, but certainly not for all readers, and still
the fundamental democracy of the rifle and more certainly not for all books. In an article
the bayonet. But if Sikhs and Gurkhas and on “Teaching English," in the current“Yale
Turcos are good enough to fight with white Review,
Review," Professor Henry Seidel Canby
men against white men, they will soon con shows us the non-assimilative college student,
sider themselves good enough to vote with who reads without understanding and comes
white men against other white men, or to vote out of a course in the great authors by the
for themselves against all white men. But same door wherein he went, uninstructed, un-
for the time being the little races and the stimulated, uninspired. “In truth,” confesses
oppressed races must be rather put out at the writer, “it is depressing to sit in a recita-
the vast outpouring of love that threatens to tion room, estimating, while someone recites,
engulf them. It is all so sudden; and so per and your voice is resting, the volume and the
plexing When the Great White Czar dis- flow of the stream of literary instruction
covered how close to his heart are the Jews, washing over the undergraduates ; and then
and Poles, and Finns, he did not stop there. to see them bob up to the surface at the end of
He immediately conferred on them the priv- the hour, seemingly as impervious as when
ilege of marching to the frontier and dying their heads went under." One of these im-
for him. Could love ask more? You will now pervious undergraduates is quoted as answer-
recognize the true grandeur of the great ing an examination question on the character
European conflict. It is the gospel of love of Justice Shallow in this wise: “Justice
preached on a magnificent scale. It has taught Shallow seems to be a jolly old man who loves
the monarchs not only to love their own sub company, and who would do anything to
jects, but to love and cherish each other's please his guests." The obvious truth of the
subjects." And in this carnival of love lavish matter is that though the duck-back reader
ing itself in all directions we may expect ere has learned to follow the printed lines from
long to see further interesting developments. left to right, often at a high rate of speed, he
“In a few years, when there will be a shifting has never really learned to read.
of partners and England and Germany are
lined up against Russia, France, and Austria,
A HOLOCAUST OF PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS is
the new combinations of Powers will be in a
one of the minor crimes to be forever sadly
position to love new combinations of small
remembered in connection with the mon-
races and peoples. So that after two or three strously greater crime of the present incred-
European wars every Power will have had a
ible European conflagration. The Louvain
chance to love and be loved by every weak tragedy is, of course, here referred to — the
and oppressed race in the two hemispheres.
wanton destruction of literary treasure that
To the author of this excellent fooling thanks
are due for a brief respite from the horrors appraised by the bibliographers and biblio-
is now being regretfully recalled to mind and
and the nameless anxieties aroused by the philes of all nations, but of one community of
titanic struggle in Europe.
letters. It appears that, in addition to its
priceless collection of printed works, the uni-
DUCK-BACK READERS, as someone has styled versity library was fortunate almost from the
those non-absorbers of literary matter who first in possessing ancient manuscripts of great
emerge from the end of a volume as little value. A catalogue of these published in 1641
conversant with its contents as when they enumerates forty-two, and more than two hun-
plunged in at the beginning, seem to differ dred others were afterward unearthed from
from other readers more than in a mere obscure corners or otherwise added to the list.
matter of degree, although no reader retains We read of a folio manuscript volume con-
everything that passes under his eyes in print. I taining the chronicles of the dukes of Brabant


288
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
from 1260 to 1555 ; of “Annales des Pays- had already adopted names and titles in ac-
Bas” from Pepin's time to the year 1752; of cordance with the ideas imported into the
a sixteenth-century chronicle of Diest contain Islands by the Spaniards. Nevertheless the
ing the charter of the liberties of that city; of natives continued to use those characters, even
the “Fasti Academiae Louvainensis,” giving though they wrote them from left to right
lists of the various faculties of the university; . instead of writing them from top to
of a chronicle of Utrecht, in verse, of the year bottom, as was formerly the custom.” Dear
1461; and of a curious Brabantian manu to the most untutored savage is the language
script with colored illustrations of horsemen of his fathers, and dear, too, are the characters
engaged in battle. Also a copy of the “Car- in which that language finds some sort of
mina" of Prudentius is mentioned, in small written expression.
folio form and written on parchment in a style
that assigns it to the ninth century; and
A FAMOUS "MARK TWAIN”
CHARACTER, im-
there were beautiful copies of Horace, Lucan, mortalized in “Roughing It" — both in the
Ovid, Cicero, and other classical writers. story and in its dedication — and an especial
Manuscript Bibles and liturgies and a parch- favorite of the great humorist in his Nevada
ment “Book of Hours” in Gothic characters mining days, died near the end of last month
of rare beauty, are further treasures that fell
at Greenville, California. In the true “Mark
a prey to the flames. We make no mention
Twain" spirit of hopeful adventure, Calvin H.
here of the printed books that were burned, Higbie, a civil engineer by profession and a
many of them irreplaceable and beyond price. miner for precious metals by circumstance
A modern American public library is capable and preference, had made and lost at least
of rising from its ashes in a few months, re one considerable fortune before death over-
newed in vigor; but what resurrection can took him. That he was a man capable of
there ever be for such a library as that of appreciating the peculiar genius of his gifted
Louvain University ?
friend appears from the few lines he con-
tributed, at Mr. Albert Bigelow Paine's re-
CULTURE AMONG THE TAGALOGS, before the quest, to the latter's biography of “Mark
Spanish conquest, reached a degree of develop- Twain.'
Twain." Describing Sam Clemens's unre-
ment seldom credited to those primitive strained enjoyment of the pleasures of a great
dwellers in our far-eastern island possessions. ball'' in a newly opened pavilion at Aurora, he
Significant evidence of the persistence of that writes: “In changing partners, whenever he
culture long after the Spaniards had taken saw a hand raised he would grasp it with great
possession of the Philippines is found in a pleasure and sail off into another set, ob-
manuscript volume lately presented to the livious to his surroundings. Sometimes he
Philippine Library by Governor-General Har would act as though there were no use in
rison. It is a collection of land deeds and trying to go right or to dance like other
transfer contracts, and was used, with other people, and with his eyes closed he would do
documents, in establishing the rightful owner-
a hoe-down or a double-shuffle all alone, talk-
ship of the friar lands some years ago. In ing to himself and saying that he never
the monthly “Bulletin” of the above-named dreamed there was so much pleasure to be
library is printed a description of the volume, obtained at a ball. It was all as natural as a
which is bound stoutly in carabao hide” and child's play.
child's play. By the second set, all the ladies
is entitled: "Libro C de las escrituras de las were falling over themselves to get him for
tierras de Biñan pertenecientes al Colegio de a partner, and most of the crowd, too full of
Santo Tomas.” The papers it contains bear mirth to dance, were standing or sitting
dates ranging from 1624 to 1738. We learn around, dying with laughter." To have been
further: "The volume contains interesting partner and chum to “Mark Twain," and to
material for study for the lawyer, as well as
have won immortality in his pages, is surely
for the investigator of historical details con- not to have lived in vain.
cerning the form in which land transactions
in the Philippines were made in that remote THE LITERARY CRITIC'S LIMITED AUDIENCE is
time, the manner in which declarations in one not to be despised. Of far more influence
respect to the same were executed, and the and respectability is it than the unnumbered
paper, kind of characters written, way of evi- thousands that drive to their capacity the
dencing, etc., used in former time, in this presses of the popular magazines. In Pro-
country. Another interesting fact in these fessor Bliss Perry's second paper on American
documents is that some of them are signed in literary criticism, in “The Yale Review" for
the ancient Tagalog characters, although they October, he finds occasion to say: “Take the
were executed at a time when those signing | fact of the limited audience. No matter how
..


1914)
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limited we think it is to-day, it was certainly THE LIBRARY-USER'S PROFITABLE INVEST-
more limited still in 1836, when Emerson de-MENT, the large returns he is permitted to
clared that we had no critic, and Poe set him- enjoy from a very small outlay, one finds
self doggedly, month after month, in the emphasized more and more in the library re-
'Southern Literary Messenger,' to demon- ports from all parts of the country. Partly
strate that there was at least one critic to be responsible for this, no doubt, is the efficiency
reckoned with. And how much this inde expert, who is directing public attention to the
fatigable advocate of the determinate prin ratio between results achieved and energy ex-
ciples of criticism accomplished at his lonely pended in all departments of activity. From
post! With better health, and better temper, Galesburg there comes to hand the annual
and with that broader and deeper culture record of things attempted and things done by
which was denied to him, what might not this the public library of that enlightened com-
theorist and craftsman have done for Ameri. munity, and in this record is to be noted the
can criticism, in spite of the small circle of librarian's justifiable satisfaction in reminding
subscribers to the ‘Messenger,' and in spite of the Galesburghers at what a ridiculously small
the indifference of the general public! The cost - something less than one mill a day for
American critic of to-day who can enunciate each inhabitant — they are privileged to have
a principle or record with delicacy and beauty the run of a book-collection worth nearly
and absolute honesty a critical verdict for a forty-five thousand dollars, and files of cur-
few thousand readers in The Dial, 'The rent periodicals aggregating four hundred
Nation,' the ‘Yale Review,' need not worry and fifty dollars yearly in value. “Has any
about the limits of his audience. It is the taxpayer in this city,'' asks the librarian in
small audience that is the vital, the respon- conclusion, “invested any money that has
sive, the propagating audience."
The con brought him in returns of a like proportion?
scientious critic's prayer is ever that of Milton The Library has no cause to be ashamed of
in his petition for a fit audience, though few. its record; it compares favorably with that of
many libraries having more funds and more
EDUCATIONAL USE OF THE PICTURE POST CARD
books. When the time comes for our income
is exemplified in the issue of these inex-
to be increased, we can do proportionately
pensive art products by the staid and con-
more; the difficulty does not lie in not know-
servative British Museum to call popular ing of things to do to extend the work, but in
attention to its resources, including its library. being able financially to do them.”
Necessarily it is but a few of that library's
three and one-half million volumes that can
thus be advertised, but these chosen few are
COMMUNICATIONS.
well worth the trouble and expense involved.
For example, the famous Gutenberg Bible is
EMERSON'S JOURNALS.
pictured for a penny to many an interested
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
person who will be glad to take the hint and In your issue of August 16 appears an unsigned
get sight of the volume itself; a page from review of Emerson's Journals that is scholarly in
an early Caxton is reproduced in facsimile; temper but unintentionally unfair in treatment -
the Greek fragment known as “The Sayings unfair to Emerson and also to his editors due,
of Jesus” is similarly photo-engraved, and probably, to a lack of interest in the Sphinx of
Nelson's last letter to Lady Hamilton, and the
American writers and hence a lack of thorough-
ness in a study of the Journals.
earliest map of New York, known as “The
The reviewer says that “these Journals empha-
Duke's Plan," showing the topography of the size the fact that he is not eminently a diarist.”
town in 1661; also the title-page to the
Farther on he remarks: “ Unlike other diarists,
Shakespeare First Folio, and the first known he never shows himself for a moment in undress."
map of the British Isles, from Ptolemy's It seems to me that as Amiel attempts to show
“Cosmographia." The Oxford University himself in undress in a subjective way - a way
Press, expert in this species of art printing, which he himself says did not reveal the better
manufactures some, if not all, of these picture
if not all, of these picture. Arnold's interest in Amiel as a critic,-- Emerson
part of him—a way that almost overcame Matthew
cards, which are described as collotypes of an
shows himself in his journals in an objective way,
excellent quality. Numerous other objects of
As he said of
interest besides books and manuscripts are
in a truly Shakespearean way.
made to contribute to the variety and beauty said of his Journals: the only biographer of Emer-
Shakespeare, so, paraphrasing his words, can it be
and instructiveness of this set of post cards, son is Emerson. And as it has been said of his
and no museum could well have more
poet, so can it almost be said of his effort in the
better material to draw from for this purpose Journals: “He never stoops to be his own ex-
than the one at Bloomsbury.
positor in violation of nature." His Journals rep-
or


290
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9
resented largely his effort to express men and things was slightly provincial. We are all much more
objectively to himself. Because there is no egotism provincial than he was, and “to be honest, as this
in the effort, and rarely any consciousness of his world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten
self-conscious admirers and critics, he reveals him thousand.”
self as he is with all his limitations as well as with Emerson, great as he was in his achievements
a new variety of appeal that makes his Journals with himself, was greater in his efforts for what
to me the most remarkable and the most faithful he did not attain. What Matthew Arnold and
of any that ever came under my notice.
Augustine Birrell say of him as a writer is worthy
The reviewer says of the editors that their notes of more respect than some grant. But, as Arnold
of facts are “often dryly concise" and that their says, he is something more important than a great
comments “rarely reveal much of the author.” It philosopher or a great poet because “he is the
seems to me they are never dry -- are always friend and aider of those who would live in the
illuminating, especially as to his western lecture spirit.” This is why the Essays are the most note-
tours in the fifties and sixties. I do not agree with worthy contribution in prose in the nineteenth
the editors regarding the seer's interest in Delia century. And this is why the Journals are more
Bacon, but their note is interesting, is neither brief interesting than the Essays — the judgment of our
nor dry, and is intended to be revealing. Perhaps reviewer to the contrary notwithstanding.
it is. Certainly they are qualified to speak in ways
CHARLES M. STREET.
no one else is.
St. Joseph, Mo., Oct. 2, 1914.
The reviewer gives a third of his space to an
extract from the tenth volume, describing Haw-
thorne's funeral and Emerson's comments on it
MR. LAMAR FONTAINE.
and on the man as author and neighbor. A noble
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
use of the space! But why not give a line, men In THE DIAL of July 16 Mr. Hyder E. Rollins
tioning from the same volume Emerson's descrip of the University of Texas, writing of Mr. Lamar
tion of the camping expedition to a mountain near Fontaine, says:
“ After the war and until his
Troy, N. H.? The mountain climbing, the pano death in Augusta, Georgia, he supported himself
rama, the wild storm, the savage shelter, are each by teaching and surveying."
vividly described. What an adventure for our “ The Library of Southern Literature” (Vol.
aged closet-student ! Methinks John Burroughs XV, p. 150) says that he died in Columbus, Georgia,
would mention it were he re-writing his fascinating and that “Before his death he published an ex-
Emerson essay -- or, at least, make a comment on ceedingly interesting volume entitled My Life
the “ Fringilla nivalis "! This record is more re and My Lectures.'”
freshing than that in an early volume where he tells “ The South in the Building of the Nation"
day by day of a tramp for some ninety miles with (Vol. XI, p. 353) says that he died in 1902.
his brothers.
Permit me to say that Mr. Lamar Fontaine still
Or why not mention the record in this tenth lives in Lyon, Mississippi, near Clarksdale, and
volume, made at Washington, Iowa, February 13, can recite for you any amount of poetry.
1867? We are forcibly reminded of the severity
CALVIN S. BROWN.
of the weather, the scarcity of railroads, and of
University of Mississippi, Oct. 2, 1914.
privations and pioneers. No doubt there are still
living in the states he visited that year — Illinois,
Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wiscon "ALL QUIET ALONG THE POTOMAC.”
sin — people who heard him lecture, and who, had
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
our reviewer mentioned this record, would have I should like the opportunity to say in reply
been tempted to add this most interesting volume to Mr. C. E. Benton's note in THE DIAL of August
to their library treasures.
1, which until quite recently had escaped my notice,
Emerson's limitation, as revealed by the Journals, that I have been able to find in the libraries of
is most conspicuous in his inability to appreciate | Austin, Texas, and Baltimore, Maryland, only two
Daniel Webster's integrity after the “ Seventh of copies of Bryant's “ Library of Poetry and Song";
March Speech” and Lincoln's statesmanship prior the 20th edition, revised, published by J. B. Ford
to the Proclamation of Emancipation. He does
and Company in 1871, and another published by
not mention Lincoln until 1862, despite the fact
the same company in 1872. In each of these
that he visited Springfield, Illinois, almost annually volumes the poem, "All Quiet along the Potomac
for ten years previous and was there the year of (or “ The Picket-guard”), is credited (p. 381) to
the famous debates. There is much meat in the Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers, and in neither does Mrs.
Journals for comment on these two items. There
Howland's name appear in the index of authors.
was a baked-bean side even to Emerson.”
This
Since none of the earlier editions of the “Library"
humanizes him to me. Lincoln's manners in 1862 are accessible to me, I have no opportunity of
offended him. But he defended them after he dis verifying Mr. Benton's statement or of accounting
covered Lincoln was a statesman. Emerson here for the change - if one
was made
of Mrs.
shows himself in undress. To consider what some Howland's name to Mrs. Beers. The point, indeed,
of the refined Lincoln flatterers of to-day would seems to me to be too unimportant to call for a
have said in their journals under similar circum- longer search.
HYDER E, ROLLINS.
stances and dates might be to consider too curi The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.,
ously. At least, Emerson was honest, even if he Oct. 6, 1914.


1914)
291
THE DIAL
Books.
cessful partnership, and himself brilliantly
The Nebo
essayed the business management of the com-
bination.
A FAMOUS THEATRICAL TRIUMVIRATE.*
Concerning the authors of the reminiscences
and anecdotes now presented in a substantial
The memories of theatre-goers not yet old and thoroughly entertaining volume entitled
go back with fondness to the glad birth of the “Gilbert and Sullivan, and Their Operas,
Gilbert and Sullivan comic opera, almost forty | Mr. François Cellier, who died eight months
years ago, when “Trial by Jury” conclusively ago in the midst of his work on the book, was
demonstrated to a London audience that it long associated with the Savoy Theatre as
was possible to devise a mirthful and musical musical director, and enjoyed the intimacy of
stage whimsicality that should not depend for the noted characters about whom he writes so
its laughter-provoking quality on the leading appreciatively; and Mr. Cunningham Bridge-
comedian's painting his nose red or indulging man, playwright and at one time acting-man-
in boisterous buffoonery. To be more accu ager of a D'Oyly Carte touring company,
rate, the memorable and fruitful collaboration styles himself “one of the oldest and closest
of the humorous librettist and the no less surviving associates and camp-followers of the
humorous composer dates from the year 1871, D'Oyly Carte Army Corps,” and recalls with
when they surprised and delighted the fre- satisfaction that he has “witnessed the orig-
quenters of the Gaiety Theatre with a tuneful inal productions of every Gilbert and Sullivan
and rollicking production entitled, “Thespis, opera, including that of 'Trial by Jury' at
or the Gods Grown Old.” If one may compare the Royalty Theatre in 1875, right down to
small things with great, or, rather, less great what may be called the interregnum at the
things with great, the revolution wrought by Savoy in 1901.” This “interregnum" took
these masters in English comic opera was as place soon after Sullivan's death, which oc-
important, in its way, as the change effected by curred in November of 1900, and had scarcely
Æschylus in the composition and dramatic begun when Carte himself followed his friend
presentation of Greek tragedy, a change so and associate, leaving Gilbert alone of the
great that he was even regarded by his three to fill out another decade of earthly
Athenian admirers as the father of Greek existence. Other dates of importance in this
tragedy. Certainly Gilbert and Sullivan will chronicle of the Savoyards are 1876, the year
long be remembered as the originators of a in which D'Oyly Carte formed the Comedy
style of light opera that substituted for the Opera Company, and 1881, which saw the
vapid jingles and futile rhymes characteristic erection, under his supervision, of the Savoy
of the would-be humorous musical pieces of Theatre, where for the rest of his active life he
the degenerate mid-Victorian period, a libretto continued to exercise his managerial talents.
that was fresh and original and brimming The book chronicling the combined achieve-
with unexpected and irresistible fun, and ments of these associated masters in their sev-
music that was in every way worthy of the eral fields of related activity is of a nature to
admirable libretto and in the most perfect call for little more from the present reviewer
harmony with its spirit. Noteworthy is it, in than a few additional details as to its con-
passing, that the operas here under considera-tents and a selection of such illustrative
tion were known from the first, and still con-
extracts as space will permit of insertion.
tinue to be known, not by the name of the Mr. Cellier's failing hand relinquishes the pen
composer alone, nor by the names of the com-
after tracing the fortunes of the Savoyards to
poser and the librettist, but by the names of about the close of the year 1884 and recording
the librettist and the composer, as if in recog in this chronicle the successive triumphs
nition of Gilbert's superior claims as an achieved by such masterpieces as “H. M. S.
unexampled master of the peculiar medium in
Pinafore," "The Pirates of Penzance," " “Io-
which he worked. None the less is it true, lanthe,'' “Princess Ida,” and the revived
however, that his collaborator was the one earlier piece, “The Sorcerer." Then Mr.
supremely suitable co-worker to supplement Bridgeman takes up the narrative and fills
his genius. And of the third member of the nearly once and a half as much space with
gifted triumvirate, Richard D'Oyly Carte, recollections of “The Mikado," "Ruddigore,”
his was the quickness of perception that dis-“The Yeomen of the Guard,” “The Gondo-
cerned the mutual fitness of the two for a liers,” brilliant revivals of earlier operas, and
lasting and profitable and artistically suc other kindred matters.
* GILBERT AND SULLIVAN, AND THEIR OPERAS. With recol-
Like many another purveyor of amusement
lections and anecdotes of D'Oyly Carte and other famous of the lighter sort, Sir Arthur Sullivan had
Savoyards. By François Cellier and Cunningham Bridge
Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
felt inward promptings to court the world's
man.


292
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
applause by means of more serious work. As Vivandière." Of this earlier and less-known
far back as his thirteenth year he had com Gilbert we have a fleeting view in the sub-
posed a sacred song, “O Israel," which had joined paragraph touching on the first night
been accepted and published by Novello; and of “Gretchen, a play of his that was pro-
his brilliant orchestral accompaniment to duced at the Olympic in 1879.
Shakespeare's “Tempest," composed while he
“Suffering from an acute attack of nervous
was a student at the Leipzig Conservatoire debility, as he termed it, the author felt it impos-
and performed with flattering success at a sible to remain within the theatre. Accordingly,
Gewandhaus concert before a distinguished he spent the evening patrolling up and down the
audience, is probably still reckoned by some Strand, wandering through Covent Garden and
connoisseurs as his magnum opus. So at least
Drury Lane. He continued his peregrinations
thinks Mr. Cellier. Sullivan's pathetic song,
until he thought it was about time to return to the
“Thou art passing hence, my brother," com-
Olympic to take his call before the curtain. Arriv-
posed beside the death-bed of his dramatically ing at the theatre, he discovered the last fragments
of the audience dispersing from the doors. Where-
and musically gifted brother Fred, also attests
upon he addressed an outside official to whom he
the composer's possession of talents little sus was unknown. ' Is the play over?' he timidly
pected by the throngs that have taken delight | inquired. Over!' exclaimed the man. “I should
in his comic operas. Paying tribute to certain rather say it was over over and done for. Never
phases of Sullivan's versatility, Mr. Celliersee'd such a frost in all my born days. Gilbert
writes :
thanked his lucky stars that he had absented him-
self from such a débâcle -
“But Sullivan had already, notably in Trial by served, was not accustomed to frosts."
our author, be it ob-
Jury, proved himself a born humorist, fully ca-
pable of entering into the spirit and essence of his
And now a word as to the famous quarrel
colleague's fun. Such was his versatility that he that for a brief period severed the friendly
was able to express in tone-words of equal elo as well as the professional ties between the
quence the Soliloquy of Shakespeare's Prospero, two men whose personalities permeate the
the grunt of Caliban, the song of Captain Cor- pages of the book under review. It was a
coran, or the patter of Sir Joseph Porter. More quarrel that at the same time involved the
over, Gilbert's 'Pinafore' was essentially English, third member of the partnership. Indeed, he
and Arthur Sullivan's natural tone was English to
his last demisemiquaver.”
seems to have been the innocent author of the
sad rupture. Mr. Bridgeman, who describes
A glimpse of the artist and the man at his this tempest in a teacup, as he calls it, neglects
work is afforded in the following:
to give its date; but apparently it occurred in
“ Long and trying as were those rehearsals, there 1891 and friendly relations were not resumed
was seldom a sign of tedium or impatience on the until 1893. And the casus belli was
part of any member of the company. They loved carpet !
their work, and, whenever Sullivan came to the
theatre with a fresh batch of music, every one
“It appears that Mr. D’Oyly Carte, as duly au-
appeared eager to hear it and hungry for more
thorized business manager of the firm, conceived it
study. As with the chorus, so with the principals.
to be, not only politic, but right and proper, to
There were occasions when a singer would, with
minister to the comfort of clients through whose
full assurance of his own perfection, give forth
patronage and support their business had thrived
some song hardly recognizable by the composer,
so remarkably. Accordingly Mr. Carte purchased,
whereupon Sullivan would humorously commend
among sundry other items of furniture for the
the singer on his capital tune and then he would
renewal and repair of the theatre, a carpet. The
add — and now, my friend, might I trouble you
carpet, et cetera, were in the usual course charged
to try mine?' I remember one instance when a
to the joint account. Sir Arthur Sullivan, on his
tenor, as tenors are wont to do, lingered uncon-
part, raised no objection to the outlay, and, for the
scionably on a high note. Sullivan interrupted
sake of peace, did his utmost to persuade Mr. Gil-
bert to take a similar view of the matter. But Mr.
him with the remark — Yes, that's a fine note -
Gilbert remained obdurate in his opposition to such
very fine note — but please do not mistake your
voice for my composition.'”
lavish expenditure. He was of opinion that a new
carpet, costing £140, would not draw an extra six-
The author of the “Bab Ballads,” unlike pence into the exchequer, that the theatre was so
his colleague, cannot be shown to have cher crowded nightly that no one could possibly tell or
ished aspirations to higher things within the care a jot how the floor was covered. Mr. Gilbert
domain of his art than those by which his thought it was a sheer waste of money. He was
chief fame was so well earned. Before casting
then politely reminded that, by the terms of their
in his lot with Sullivan and, soon afterward, partnership agreement, he had no voice in the
matter. Whereupon our author waxed exceeding
with Sullivan and Carte, he had written cer-
wroth, went to law against his old friends and com-
tain burlesques and extravaganzas of the ultra-
rades, and, parting company with the Savoyards,
frivolous sort popular in the sixties, such as formed a troupe of clever Mountebanks, and
“Dulcamara,
" "Robert the Devil,” and “La became their chief conjointly with one of the most
a
а


1914)
293
THE DIAL
delightful of Bohemians, most amiable of men and come to pass, and people now listen to his
most charming of composers — whose name was words. As we read, we are reminded of
Alfred Cellier."
Carlyle: a whirlwind of rhetoric, yet tre-
Tantæne animis coelestibus iræ? As absurd mendous sincerity; a mind innocent of science,
and insufficient was the cause of this lament- steeped in the literature of history, seeing
able but happily brief misunderstanding as everywhere inevitable tendencies. As the child
that of much more important altercations. grows to be a man, or perishes, so must na-
But Gilbert was quick-tempered and impul. tions expand, absorb, assimilate - or else
sive-perhaps because he was so warm-hearted decay.
decay. The world-empire of England may be
and lovable.
friendly or hostile to Germany; that does not
Of the remaining member of the Savoy tri- matter so much; what matters is that this
umvirate, space is lacking but for the briefest empire stands in the way of German develop-
word. Son of Richard Carte, partner in the ment, since, unfortunately, there is only one
London firm of Rudall and Carte, makers of available world.
available world. From this standpoint, al-
musical instruments, he early showed a pas- though Professor Cramb did not emphasize
sionate love of music, but seems to have had the fact, the United States is part of the
no great conceit of his own genius in that British incubus, though politically indepen-
field of art, and, wisely from a commercial dent. It is indeed, with Canada, the largest
point of view, turned his attention to the ex and fairest part,- a whole continent whereon
ploiting of others' talents rather than his own, the British idea has freely developed in the
excepting, of course, his talent for discovering presence of unparalleled opportunity, showing
histrionic and musical ability and developing in its very modifications its adaptive vitality.
its possibilities in a business way.
We have prided ourselves on the incorporation
As in the reminiscences of all stage folk, of a splendid German population, lovers of
Mr. Cellier's and Mr. Bridgeman's pages are liberty and independent thought, seeking se-
not lacking in the emotional element - in curity and opportunity among us, and finding
what Gilbert himself called “heart-foam" it. We like to think of Carl Schurz as a type
and to this ingredient they doubtless owe no of our gains in this respect, a representative
little of their charm. There are many por- of thousands less eminent, but with something
traits and other illustrations, and half a dozen of the same spirit. We have fancied that the
facsimiles of letters. Notable, too, is the German nation might properly regard us with
appended “chronological list of all the operas favor on account of these things; even with
produced at the Opera Comique and Savoy some measure of affection. But Professor
theatres under the D'Oyly Carte management, Cramb, voicing a very different feeling, in-
from May 15, 1877, to March 1, 1909, with terpreted the thought of modern Germany in
cast of each opera. Altogether, the book is these words:
an admirable record of an important period “ Germany, from her own inward resources, pro-
in the history of English comic opera.
duces year by year greater surplus energy, mental
PERCY F. BICKNELL. and physical, than any other nation in the world;
yet year by year, by emigration to America, to
England, and to other lands, that surplus energy
OUR NATURAL ENEMY **
is lost to her. Year by year are we to look on in
impotent anger or in apathy whilst the best and
In February and March, 1913, Professor most enterprising of our citizens quit the Father-
J. A. Cramb delivered a series of lectures at
land and, living under other governments, cease to
Queen's College, London, where he held the be Germans, bequeath their worth, that is to say
chair of Modern History. As he lectured, his
their valor, to those nations who may be ultimately
vitality ebbed, and he doubtless knew that he Germany's' deadliest enemies q”?
could not last much longer. Nevertheless, or Developing this idea, Professor Cramb asked:
indeed we may suppose because of this, he “How do England and her Empire stand in the
threw himself into the work with extraor-
path of the deepest desires and ambitions, and per-
dinary ardor, giving his last message to a
haps, also, the highest and most sacred aspirations
heedless nation. He was too weak to prepare tions, and aspirations are, the answer is this:
of Germany! If we ask what those desires, ambi-
the lectures for publication, and died in
Germany, not less than England, it is contended,
October, 1913. Other hands have gathered is dowered with the genius for empire, that power
together the fragments, and the resulting
in a race which, like genius in the artist, must
little book is now being widely read in En express itself or destroy its possessor. An Empire
gland, and is published this month in the she once had, centuries before France and England
United States. For the thing he expected has fought. That empire is lost. But in the German
race the instinct for empire is as ancient and as
• GERMANY AND ENGLAND. By J. A. Cramb, M.A. With a
Preface by Moreby Acklom. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. deeply rooted as it is in the English race; and in the


294
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
Germany of the present time, above all, this in the Germanic hostility to all other men, be-
stinct, by reason of the very strength of Germany cause they are other men. Or, again, why this
within herself, her conscious and vital energy, her agitation because of peaceful tendencies in
sense of deep and repressed forces, is not a mere
cloud in the brain, but is almost an imperious ting off its ancient virility? If it is, it is not
England ? Is that country in danger of put-
necessity. This is the real driving-force in German
politics, the essential thing."
by the process which excited the wrath of
Professor Cramb. For good biological rea-
Hence the inevitable conflict, the ostensible
sons, we may think it necessary to bestir
causes of which do but mask the fruition of
ourselves, on both sides of the Atlantic, to
a tree, the growth of which might have been
witnessed by all who cared to see, these twenty
preserve and perpetuate what is best in our
blood, but we need not take the fury born of a
years past.
militant propaganda for stability or strength.
Hence, said Professor Cramb, all talk of
It is a long and many-sided story, but al-
peace is nonsense. Believing himself to under-
ways we come back to this: given a virile race,
stand the German temper, sympathizing with
it remains for education to decide whether it
its purpose, but desiring Britain to be pre-
shall further or hinder the orderly progress
ed, he could scarcely find language to ex-
of the species. Germany, and above all the
press his contempt of those who hoped, by
conferences and mutual agreements, to ensure
German rulers, preoccupied with ideas of do-
minion and of war, trained to think of fighting
the peace of the world.
as the noblest aim, must sooner or later have
“England and Germany - on which is Pacif-
broken the peace.
How far and in what
icism likelier to exercise a deleterious and a dan-
measure other countries are to blame is unim-
gerous effect? From to-day's survey of eternal
portant for the argument. The truth is that
abstract principles, as from last week's survey of
all this misery results from teachings and
ephemeral yet not insignificant criticism of England
and her Empire, it becomes apparent that Germany
traditions which are considered not criminal
is not England's only enemy, perhaps not even her
only because they have public sanction. Pro-
chief."
fessor Cramb was so far the victim of such
So finally, with belligerent phrases, the
teachings that he not only saw what was about
book ends as follows:
to happen, but substantially approved.
“And if the dire event of a war with Germany -
It remains for America, with all her imper-
if it is a dire event — should ever occur, there shall
fections, to make the great sociological dis-
be seen upon this earth of ours a conflict which,
coveries. We are demonstrating to an aston-
beyond all others, will recall that description of the ished world that alcoholic liquor is not neces-
great Greek wars:
sary for happiness. We are able to live
"Heroes in battle with heroes,
unafraid next door to Canada, with no forts
And above them the wrathful gods.' or standing armies on the border. Not without
And one can imagine the ancient, mighty deity of difficulty, it is true, we have shown that it is
all the Teutonic kindred, throned above the clouds, possible for a great nation to have at its head
looking serenely down upon that conflict, upon his one who is as much of a gentleman in his
favourite children, the English and the Germans, public as in his private capacity, and who is,
locked in a death-struggle, smiling upon the hero-
above all, a genuine representative of the
ism of that struggle, the heroism of the children of
Odin the War-god!”
spirit of peace. Never before has “political
necessity” counted for so little and decency
Professor Cramb was not insane. He cor-
for so much.
rectly interpreted the feeling of those respon We do not agree with everything our gov-
sible for the present war, and illustrated, in
ernment does. It requires little knowledge of
his person, the reaction of a highly endowed
public affairs to discover stupidity or worse
mind in a particular educational environment.
in high places; we reserve our right to
In their native endowment, the Germanic and criticize, and will not endorse all the actions
English races are not so different as to be
of any party or man in advance. In science
irreconcilable. This was recognized in the
one discovery opens the way to a hundred
lament that Germans are so easily incor-
others; so also in national affairs every ad-
porated in the body politic of America, and vance points the way to others, and “divine
“cease to be Germans. What do they cease discontent" is the motive force of progress.
to be? Do they lose, by the mere process of The labor is incessant and there is no haven
transplanting to another continent, their Teu of rest, but we have at least the hope and
tonic inheritance? If so, of what avail is a
belief that it is possible to progress from
German world-empire? No one pretends that
good to better, without periodically relapsing
they lose it; what they do lose, if anything, into the barbarism of wholesale murder.
is the Germanic tradition of world-empire,
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
>>


1914)
295
THE DIAL
THE CASE FOR THE MATRIARCHATE.*
honored travellers' and anthropologists' tales
which have been bandied about for fifty years
Mrs. Gallichan seems completely to have by all writers on the matriarchate. The cus-
abandoned Spain and Spanish art, on which toms of Algonquins, Creeks, Pueblos, Malays,
she was a well-known writer, for feminism. Zuñis, Australian Bushmen, and Touaregs of
This year she follows “ The Truth about the Sahara are not only hackneyed, but they
Woman” with a study of the position of leave the reader cold. With the Jews, Greeks,
women in primitive society entitled “The Age Romans, and Celts we are nearer home, and
of the Mother-Power,” and it is understood we wish more evidence might be drawn from
that next year she will have ready a volume the customs of these races with which we have
on motherhood.
more affinity. The historians of human so-
There is no doubt about her faith or her ciety seem to be condemned to wander in a
purpose in writing the present book. In her far-off, if happy, hunting-ground. However,
judgment, the case of feminism may be ma-
once more the existence of the matriarchate
terially strengthened if it can be shown that is claimed, and its place in the age following
at one time in the history of the race woman the patriarchal age is credibly established.
was the dominating factor in the family, The chapter which accounts for the inevitable
whose authority over her children and her reëstablishment of man in his place of au-
possessions was acknowledged. The patent thority is interesting and more novel. This
manifestations of this domination in the ma- reëstablishment of father-right was due to the
ternal clan, whereby the names of children developed sense of individuality and of prop-
and the inheritance of property passed erty, in which even woman came to be bought
through woman, are abundant. But, owing from her relatives as a chattel: “As soon as
to the exuberance of Bachofen and his school women became sexually marketable their free-
in defending their thesis with more zeal than dom was doomed.” Under this third system,
knowledge, much discredit has been thrown or the reëstablished patriarchal system, under
in some quarters upon the existence of a which we still live, the bride leaves the pro-
matriarchate, or the rule of mother-right. We tection of her family and forms with her hus-
are, to be sure, dealing with a hypothesis, but band and children a new individual unit in
with one which alone will explain customs and which her position is one of subjection
conditions proved to have existed in almost sexual, legal, and ecclesiastical. Individual-
all parts of the world in primitive times, and ism triumphed, but brought with it jealousy
of which there are innumerable traces among and sham morality.
both primitive and civilized races to the pres Each one of these three supposed epochs in
ent day. Mrs. Gallichan, then, is a staunch
human society has had its raison d'étre, and
defender of the matriarchate as having ex each has marked in some sense a progress over
isted, and she has adduced strong reasons for the preceding. All the more reason why there
her qualified admiration of it. Her original- should be another effort to restore the now
ity to the student of primitive society is found deranged sexual equilibrium and, after some
in her claim that the maternal clan in which fashion not yet clearly indicated, give woman
woman was the dominating factor was not the again such freedom of choice and action as
first stage of human society, as has been gen- will enable her to give full expression to her
erally contended by its partisans, but that it womanhood. Society must constantly evolve
grew out of a primitive patriarchal society as toward something higher.
à needed reform of the abuses imposed by
Mrs. Gallichan's interest in the position of
the sexual jealousy of the ape-patriarch over
woman in primitive society is plainly sub-
his harem of wives and daughters. As a
servient to her interest in present-day fem-
measure of self-protection making for free-
inism. She has had the ingenuity to seek in
dom and cooperation among women, it was a primitive history and legend grounds for a
timely step toward social peace. It stood for popular campaign. She is not conventional
social progress because it was based upon the
where morality is concerned. But her aspira-
general good instead of that of the individual,
tions are reassuring and will have a hearing
and because it vested with real and permanent from the other sex: “Women must gain eco-
as well as with sentimental power the child-
nomic security, and the freedom for the full
bearing portion of the human race.
expression of their womanhood. The ultimate
The proof of the existence of mother-right, goal I conceive — at least I hope is the
which Mrs. Gallichan felt that she had to right to be women, not to become like men.
establish anew, is based upon the same time-
There can be no gain for women except this.
THE MOTHER-POWER. By C. Gasquoine To be mothers were women created, and to be
HARTLEY (Mrs. Walter M. Gallichan). New York: Dodd,
fathers men.
This rightly considered is the
* THE AGE OF
Mead & Co.


296
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
deepest of all truths.” The picture drawn of party phenomena as they arise, and supplying
the age when woman exercised rights equal, withal a considerable amount of carefully con-
if not superior, to those of men is pertinent sidered and illuminating philosophical inter-
to the discussion of the pending problem, and pretation. In fact, the value of Professor
it contains elements which may serve as a Sloane's work lies principally at the last-
partial modus operandi for the reconquest of mentioned point,-in his linking up of the
her place by woman in our own day. This growth of parties and the general economic
book, while starting with second-hand docu- and political development of the country. For
ments, has presented a somewhat novel con the details of party history, and especially of
clusion, and has “connected up" an academic party workings, one will have to look else-
discussion with a vital issue.
where. For a running commentary, however,
W. W. COMFORT. on the growth of party government in the
country, written in the large by a student of
world history, and therefore involving some
AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES.* detached points of view and a wealth of allu-
sion likely to be beyond the reach of the
During the year 1912-3 Professor William
M. Sloane, of Columbia University, in the
narrower specialists in the field, Professor
Sloane's book will probably stand for some
capacity of Roosevelt Professor, delivered at
time in a class by itself.
the universities of Berlin and Munich an ex-
tended series of lectures upon the subject of
The most imperative of all political prob-
lems in the United States at the present day,
political parties and party phenomena in the
United States. The lectures, in German form,
in the opinion of the author, is the relation of
were published immediately in Leipzig. In parties and democracy. With the progress of
the doctrines of the initiative, referendum,
English dress, revised, and brought down to
and recall — of the conception that the people
date, they are now presented to students and
readers of Great Britain and America.
should rule directly and that representatives
The subject is obviously one of appalling
should be at best simple delegates — what is
magnitude and complexity. We have several
to become of party? The first thing to be
high-grade general histories of the United ascertained, however, is whether these new
doctrines are really going to “progress. Pro-
States; we have no small number of excellent
books upon various selected phases of Ameri- fessor Sloane admits that it is in this direc-
can party history and machinery; but we
tion that all present-day political action
do not have any really comprehensive, pene- might have taken more account of the numer-
trends''; although it would seem that he
trating, and well-balanced treatise on our
ous evidences that a
party system as a whole. The nearest ap-
eaction has already set
in. In any event, he pronounces the sup-
proach to a work of the kind is to be found
in the writings of Mr. Bryce and Professor posedly accepted opinions “snap judgments
Ostrogorski. But these keen observers did not
and declares, naturally enough, that their ulti-
undertake to deal with all aspects of the sub-
mate effect upon party conditions cannot at
ject, and their achievement has been rather
this stage be foreseen. One type of party
the discernment and characterization of note-
machinery seems to be disappearing, and the
worthy party phenomena than the detailed rôle of party principles is less important than
once it was. But whether we are in the midst
presentation of party history or the systematic
of a real transition to conditions permanently
description of party organization and activi-
different or on the eve of a backward swing
ties. In a measure, Professor Sloane's book
to the conditions of a generation ago, no man
fills the gap; but only in a measure, for it is
too brief to be more than a substantial outline
can say
It is a thesis of Professor Sloane that "the
of the subject, and highly important phases
of present-day party machinery and action political feature of greatest significance since
are scarcely touched upon in it.
1850 has been the steady growth in power of
The author's method is primarily, as it
the presidency"; and one of the most sug.
should be, historical. Beginning with a few
Beginning with a few gestive chapters in the book is that in which
very brief chapters on political ideas in eight- is discussed the subject “Parties and the
eenth century England and America, he moves Presidency.” Written in days very recent,
forward chronologically through the national
this chapter takes some account of the evi-
history of the country to our own time, stating dence drawn from the history of the present
the external facts of party affairs very briefly, administration which tends to sustain the gen-
explaining the origins and character of new
eral proposition. But it would seem that a
larger amount of evidence is at hand than has
• PARTY GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
By William Milligan Sloane. New York: Harper & Brothers.
been cited.


1914)
297
THE DIAL
man
The book contains no bibliography; there they overlooked the quite obvious fact that he
are practically no foot-notes or other refer was not the sort of man to surrender his
ences to documents; and although there is an critical sense in the face of a sentimental en-
appendix, the reason for including in it some thusiasm But Dr. Brandes found then a
of its contents is not obvious.
defence which gives us a key to his fine critical
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG.
method and is expressive of one of the leading
enthusiasms of the modern mind. He said:
“No mature reader studies Nietzsche with the
latent design of adopting his opinions, still
NIETZSCHE AND DR. BRANDES. *
less with that of propagating them. We are
Nietzsche and Dr. Georg Brandes were born
not children in search of instruction, but
to know each other. They were, in one of skeptics in search of men, and we rejoice when
those familiar phrases to which Nietzsche con-
we have found a the rarest thing
trived to give a sort of mystical import, “good
there is."
Europeans." What is destined to be, is, never-
The attack was the more absurd because,
theless, often mysteriously delayed, so that although the essay is mainly descriptive and
waste results. It was not until 1887 that Dr.
biographical, Dr. Brandes did not fail to indi-
Brandes first wrote to Nietzsche; the corre-
cate where his thought was at variance with
spondence that thereupon ensued lasted until
Nietzsche's. They were together in their
the eclipse of Nietzsche's intellect, early in
hatred of ascetic ideals as well as in their pro-
1889. Now that the letters have been given to
found disgust with democratic mediocrity;
the world, one can estimate the waste that
and they were distrustful of current culture,
resulted from the late meeting of the most
– that professorial culture which Nietzsche
On
provocative German writer of our time and happily called “Culture-Philistinism."
the most curious and insatiable of living
the other hand, Dr. Brandes did not agree
critics.
with Nietzsche's reading of history. He pro-
The letters are introduced by an essay, pro-
fessed himself unable to understand Nietzsche's
jected by Dr. Brandes as early as 1887, in the
contempt for the morality of pity; and, lastly,
hope of stimulating in Denmark an interest
he (good, uncompromising feminist) could not
in Nietzsche's writings. At that time Dr.
reconcile himself to the philosopher's dictum
Brandes could not, he tells us, assume a knowl-
that we ought, in our treatment of women, to
return to “the vast common sense of old
edge of Nietzsche's thought. Did not Nietzsche
himself, in chaffing his friend on the proposed
No, such was not Dr. Brandes's idea.
undertaking, express amazement that he should
Yet even at that point they had something in
dare to speak in public of a vir obscurissimus?
common, for he was quite willing to subscribe
to Nietzsche's view that the free and great
The essay had to be chiefly an exposition, and
Dr. Brandes assures us it has, on that ac-
spirit is unfit for marriage. The only differ-
count, been largely “outstripped.' But he
ence between them was that Dr. Brandes could
is altogether too modest. The very sub-title
not bring himself to believe that all free and
he chose reveals the penetration one expects
great spirits tread the earth in male bodies.
of him—"An Essay on Aristocratic Radical-
It is plain enough, too, that Dr. Brandes found
ism.” What could be happier! Nietzsche
it hard to understand why a modern man
himself enthusiastically approved the phrase.
of Nietzsche's intellectual power should be
“The expression 'aristocratic radicalism,'
willing to lash himself into a fury over the
Christian religion. To him all that was like
which you employ, is,” he hastens to write,
an echo from remote battlefields of the human
“very good. It is, permit me to say, the
cleverest thing I have yet read about myself." spirit; he would as soon have thought of
Dr. Brandes admits that he had hit upon
assailing a belief in werewolves as a belief in
this epithet after a prayerful examination of
Christianity.”
his own mind. It covered much that the two
But a word more and we shall turn to the
men had in common. Later, Dr. Brandes was
letters. Dr. Brandes found as early as 1899—
bitterly and inexplicably assailed as a rene-
ten years after the publication of the first
gade and charged with having modified his essay—the true characterization of the nature
own liberal opinions as a result of his enthusi-
of the attacks on Nietzsche. No better state-
astic reading of Nietzsche. Those who assailed | ment of it is needed than this one: “The
him had thought of him as a radical; they opposition to him is conducted sometimes (as
forgot, or had never discerned, that he was
by Ludwig Stein) on serious and scientific
also an aristocratic radical.
That is to say,
lines, although from narrow pedagogic
premises; sometimes (as by Herr Max Nor-
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE. By Georg Brandes. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
dau) with sorry weapons and with the
Asia.”


298
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
mans.
assumed superiority of presumptuous medioc may be expected; under the very inoffensive title
rity." The fact that the public does not of Leisure Hours of a Psychologist 'I am saying
resent this interference amounts really to a agreeable and disagreeable things to the world at
confession of intellectual immaturity. We large - including that intelligent nation, the Ger-
tacitly admit that we are children who have
“But all this is in the main nothing but recrea-
to be protected from a malign influence, not
tion beside the main thing: the name of the latter
skeptics in search of men.
is • Transvaluation of All Values. Europe will
The letters themselves tend to confirm exist-
have to discover a new Siberia, to which to consign
ing impressions of Nietzsche's character rather the author of these experiments with values."
than to upset them. Much that we should
Nietzsche's belief in the ministration of
naturally infer from a reading of his books pain is familiar enough. For years he en-
is here underscored and presented with the dured excruciating headaches, which some-
free informal emphasis of good talk. There
times prostrated him for two hundred days
is something of Wagner's influence on the
in the year. His fortitude was nothing short
early Nietzsche; of the state of his health and
of heroic, but it had its supreme rewards.
its effect on his writings; of the ecstacy of Writing of the period from 1876 to 1881, he
pure thought (to Nietzsche what one thinks
says:
is only a measure of one's courage, and he was
“My speciality was to endure extreme pain,
always wondering whether he would have
cru, vert, with perfect clarity, for two or three
courage enough); of marriage and other “old
consecutive days, accompanied by constant vomit-
institutions." It is needless to say that it is ing of bile. The report has been put about that
all very sincere and penetrating talk.
I am in a madhouse (and indeed that I died there).
From it there emerges Nietzsche's delight in Nothing is further from the truth. As a matter
sheer diablerie. It is almost naive. It par of fact my intellect only came to maturity during
takes of the vulgar passion to shock the bour-
that terrible time: witness the ‘Dawn of Day,'
geoisie. But in a philosopher it has an oddly suffering at Genoa, away from doctors, friends or
which I wrote in 1881 during a winter of incredible
winning quality. Philosophers do not com-
relations. . . . After all, my illness has been of the
monly pay us the compliment of shocking us.
greatest use to me: it has released me, it has
Nietzsche, on the other hand, delighted to
restored to me the courage to be myself. ... And,
regard himself as the “bogyman” of the indeed, in virtue of my instincts, I am a brave
modern world, a German artilleryman turned animal, a military one even. The long resistance
philosopher. Thus, he writes to his friend, has somewhat exasperated my pride. Am I a
apropos of the appearance of a new book : philosopher, do you ask? — But what does that
“With a cynicism that will become famous in matter. .
the world's history, I have now related myself. In selecting passages for reproduction from
The book is called “Ecce Homo,' and is an attack these letters, which touch so many subjects,
on the Crucified without the slightest reservation;
it ends in thunders and lightnings against every omits is quite as much to the point as what
one is exasperated by the sense that what one
thing that is Christian or infected with Chris-
tianity, till one is blinded and deafened. I am in
one gives. But there is an episode that must
fact the first psychologist of Christianity and, as
be related: it shows so clearly the playful
an old artilleryman, can bring heavy guns into
adroitness in practical affairs of which
action, the existence of which no opponent of Nietzsche was capable and illustrates the
Christianity has even suspected. The whole is the psychological acumen that made these two
prelude to the Transvaluation of All Values,' the "good Europeans" such delightful letter
work that lies ready before me: I swear to you writers. Dr. Brandes, preparing to lecture on
that in two years we shall have the whole world in Nietzsche, begs for a photograph. Nietzsche
convulsions. I am a fate.
“ Guess who come off worst in Ecce Home '9 replies that he has none, but his friend will not
be put off. Nietzsche thereupon takes measures
Messieurs the Germans! I have told them terrible
of his own :
things. ... The Germans, for instance, have it on
their conscience that they deprived the last great
“Meanwhile," he writes, "I hope my photograph
epoch of history, the Renaissance, of its meanings-
will have reached you. It goes without saying
at a moment when the Christian values, the de-
that I took steps, not exactly to be photographed
cadence values, were worsted, when they were con-
(for I am extremely distrustful of haphazard
quered in the instincts even of the highest ranks photographs), but to abstract a photograph from
of the clergy by the opposite instincts, the in- somebody who had one of me.”
stincts of life. To attack the Church — that meant Doubtless that was a clever idea, but it
to re-establish Christianity. (Cesare Borgia as failed to satisfy his friend, for we find him
pope — that would have been the meaning of the replying:
Renaissance, its proper symbol.)”
The letters and the music were an unqualified
Or, again he writes :
pleasure; the portrait might have been better. It
“ In a month or two something philosophical I is a profile taken at Naumburg, characteristic in


1914]
299
THE DIAL
its attitude, but with too little expression. You Marcella, and that was a good deal. His sense
must have looked different from this; the writer of of loss was not mitigated by his conviction that
Zarathustra must have had more secrets written
it was due to a failure on his part in the only
in his own face."
task he had ever seriously undertaken in his
And Nietzsche confesses the truth :
life. His friend, Mrs. Axson, said that he was
“ What eyes you have! You are right, the tired of Marcella and that she was tired of
Nietzsche of the photograph is not yet the author him, and that “that was all there was to it.”
of Zarathustra - he is a few years too young
for
The rector of St. Stephen's had nothing but
that."
words to offer. Mrs. Malory, who made a fetish
The communion of these two vigorous and of motherhood and domesticity, said the whole
independent spirits was not destined to endure
trouble was that Marcella had had no children.
for long, but there is convincing proof that it Pierre's cousin Phillippe, who belonged in
left a profound impression on Nietzsche. Dr. France, explained :
Brandes had offered him the priceless gift of
6 You amused her as a lover, because you were
intelligent sympathy when he knew little but
rich and she was poor; but you bored her as a
neglect or stupid opposition. Is it strange, husband.'
then, that the memory of this resolute friend “'You touch, I said, the very heart of the
of his should have remained with Nietzsche to matter. I failed as a husband. What is a husband,
the last flicker of intelligence and even passed Phillippe ??
over into the twilight? The final letter, that “The good God only knows,' answered Phillippe
now famous and infinitely pathetic letter, calmly.. He is a woman's nearest approach to a
signed “The Crucified,” undated, unstamped, good friend, perhaps. ...!”
and addressed simply "To the Friend Georg"
When Mrs. Malory heard that Marcella would
-how it bears witness to the strength of those
have a little flat all to herself and make her own
genuine friendships that are based on a pro- living, she was surprised into murmuring, “I
found community of the mind.
think it would be the loveliest thing in the
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN.
world”; which is a pleasant bit of irony. Mar-
cella might have married again, but Pierre
heard of her engagement and assaulted her
RECENT FICTION.*
fiancé. Then there was nothing to do but to go
away. Up to this point the story Mr. Venable
It is the new novelists who most excite our has to tell is true and interesting, but this point
curiosity. The familiar ones, however good, is that at which the real story should begin.
have so few surprises for us that we do not And that story Mr. Venable has no intention of
look forward to any. For that matter, the new telling. The situation, an excellent one if he
ones are seldom startling. A good novel by had the knowledge or the will, or whatever he
an unknown author is rare; a first-rate one lacks, to work it out, is hurriedly abandoned.
is the event of a decade. Reviewers discover Pierre lets his foot slip in the Alps, and is
first-rate ones oftener than that, of course; picked up with a fractured skull. Marcella
but reviewers are peculiarly susceptible: their hastens to him, knowing at last that “there is
anxiety makes them so.
no divorce, there is only release," and they are
Mr. Edward C. Venable is not an event; but reunited as soon as he is out of his delirium.
he is distinctly a surprise. He is altogether Thus a novel apparently well begun, and one
new to us and his novel is more than passable. written with humor and force, falls to pieces -
He has told his story in the first person, which except, of course, for the sentimental reader.
seems to have given his faculty for making Mr. Samuel Hopkins Adams is familiar
amusing observations free play. The book opens enough to the readers of “Collier's Weekly”
with Pierre Vinton's reflections on his divorce but hardly to those who buy novels - or rent
from his wife, Marcella. They lived together for them for three cents a day. His book, “The
three years, lived separately for two years, and Health Master," was a novel in form only. It
then secured a divorce on grounds of incom is therefore a pleasant surprise to have a story
patibility. It was all done without any scan from him as good as “The Clarion.” Mr.
dal, so that everybody was satisfied, except Adams has managed to combine in it the things
Pierre. He was as much as ever in love with he has picked up as a newspaper man and
the things he learned in "muck-raking” the
* PIERRE VINTON: THE ADVENTURES OF A SUPERFLUOUS HUS-
BAND. By Edward C. Venable. New York: Charles Scribner's
patent-medicine industry. The situation on
which the story turns is like that of Ibsen's
THE CLARION. By Samuel Hopkins Adams. Illustrated.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
"An Enemy of the People," except that it is
THE HOUSE IN DEMETRIUS ROAD. By J. D. Beresford. New
complicated by a number of subsidiary situa-
York: George H. Doran Co.
By Louis Couperus. Translated from the tions. The hero, Harrington Surtaine, comes
Dutch by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos. New York: Dodd,
Mead & Co.
home after college and Europe to a father
Sons.
SMALL SOULS.


300
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
who began life as an itinerant vender of a author, Mr. Louis Couperus, is a notable fig-
panacea, and who became the millionaire ure in his native Holland, but he is virtually
owner of a patent-medicine business. The new to this country. Mr. de Mattos, who has
young man wishes the first week to thrash the translated “Small Souls” into English and
editor of a local paper which attacks his father whose enthusiasm in this case seems quite as
and, failing in this, he buys out the proprietor. genuine as it was in that (for which we are so
Then his education in the practical affairs of grateful) of M. Fabre, promises that the re-
American life begins. It is rounded off to a maining volumes of the history of the van
degree by his experience during an epidemic Lowe family will be forthcoming whenever the
which the business men of the town wish to public asks for them. Mr. de Mattos's implied
conceal. The action is obvious and the style doubt of the public is probably a justifiable
is crude, but the whole somehow makes what one. For “Small Souls' is distinctly not the
we call “a good story." A novelist who took kind of good work which arouses wide interest
his art more seriously would have wanted as in a new author. It is perhaps true that the
much
space for the development of young Sur- best work is never too good for the public.
taine's first adventures with a newspaper, or But fine examples of the realistic novel are
his father's character, or any one of several very slow to find readers, at least in English.
other matters, as Mr. Adams has devoted to Has it not required more than thirty years to
all of them. But while Mr. Adams is neither reach the modest number of persons who have
deep nor delicate he is readable, in the jour- read Mr. George Moore's“A Mummer's
nalistic sense
Wife"? And that book was not under the
Mr. J. D. Beresford is not a new and un- | handicap of being, with all that the fact im-
proved writer, but one still little known to plies, a translation, though it did, perhaps,
the general public. “The House in Demetrius deal with as small souls as those who furnish
Road" is a realistic study of a dipsomaniac, Mr. Couperus with a title. The van Lowe
and one done rather as Mr. Arnold Bennett family, members of the Dutch bourgeoisie, are
would do it than as would the press-agent of displayed by a simple device. It happens that
the Anti-Saloon League. The chief figure is a daughter, Constance, became disgracefully
a young Scotchman, Robin Greg. The only involved, shortly after her marriage, with
other important characters are Martin Bond, young van der Welcke, a member of the diplo-
who becomes Greg's secretary, and Margaret matic service in Rome. Family pressure had
Hamilton, a sister-in-law of Greg's, who comes brought about a divorce for Constance and a
to Demetrius Road to keep house for him. marriage with her lover. The scandal had
Martin seems a singularly naive young man. abruptly ended van der Welcke's career. Their
He fails to discover the mystery of the house- passion was dead; they blamed each other for
hold until Margaret tells him that Greg is a their exile from Holland and respectability;
victim of alcohol. The two endeavor to cure their only pride was in their son, Adriaan; and
Greg by means of a drug, and Margaret goes in regard to him each was jealous of the other.
so far as to promise to marry him as soon as Finally, they decide to go home to The Hague
the passage of the act permitting a man to in spite of everything; and at this point the
marry his deceased wife's sister makes it pos- novel begins. There is little that is large or
sible. But the drug fails and Margaret falls kind or generous in the record of what follows.
in love with Martin. The final scene (and one Adriaan, though a boy, is the only person who
admirably prepared for) is that in which Greg can be respected. He is compelled to maintain
tells the young people that they have betrayed the balance between his father and mother and
him and orders them to leave the house. “It to witness their selfishly ineffectual attempts
was all so specious, it wore such an air of un to rehabilitate themselves against the cruel
deniable truth,'' that Martin was overwhelmed. opposition of the family and its circle. It is
Mr. Beresford has written truly and well in he who finds the just but bitter comment at
every respect save one. His story needs an the end, when the family is precipitated into a
important figure, such a figure as Greg was violent and vulgar quarrel. He says: “And
apparently intended to be, but is not.
all about nothing !” A direct attack on a cer-
The procession of novels in series, especially tain'sort of bourgeois society, by no means
European ones, continues. The first season confined to Holland, could hardly be more
which fails to bring a section of one of these pointed than “Small Souls,” but the reader
remarkable works in three or four volumes by is not made unpleasantly conscious of the
a foreign novelist will be a disappointment. author's critical purpose. Mr. Couperus is
There was “Jean Christophe"; there is “Pelle not a tractarian in novelist's clothes; he is an
the Conqueror''; and now comes the first vol- exceptional artist in prose fiction.
ume of "The Books of the Small Souls.” Its
LUCIAN CARY.
-


1914)
301
THE DIAL
Columbia
University:
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
wealth of inessential allusions which embellish
the course of Egyptian documents. Where
The catalogue of Egyptological literal translations are incorporated, viola-
The history and
the literature of works fathered by Dr. Budge of tions of Egyptian grammatical principles and
ancient Egypt.
the British Museum is length-
an often unjustified certainty of meaning are
ened anew by two brief popular treatises noticeable. Fortunately, the large aspects of
“written by request,”—“A History of the Egyptian thought as presented in its litera-
Egyptian People” and “ The Literature of the ture may be grasped without regard to these
Egyptians" (Dutton). The companion vol details. Dr. Budge has given us two neat and
umes are well printed, the illustrations are handy, but ill-digested, books.
clear, and the colored frontispieces give a desir-
able idea of the Egyptian use of color. The one-
Correctly assuming that there is
page map is, however, on too small a scale and
its history and
no one educational institution in
deals with modern Egypt only, giving no clue
its problems.
this country that can be called
even to the capitals, Memphis and Thebes, of the great American University, and that some
the ancient nation with which Dr. Budge's excel in one thing and others in another, Dean
history primarily deals. In tracing the po Keppel has successfully endeavored in his
litical career, the chapter-division puts into volume entitled "Columbia" (Oxford Univer-
the “Middle Empire” the eighteenth and
the eighteenth and sity Press) to emphasize those matters in
nineteenth dynasties, representing what is which his Alma Mater differs from her sister
commonly counted the flower of the “New institutions and to pass over universal char-
Empire,” and includes under the latter head acteristics as briefly as possible. That was a
ing everything which has occurred since then happy scheme to adopt, for Columbia Uni-
until to-day (from Cleopatra on in outline versity is nothing if not here and there unique.
only). Religion and daily life, saved for later Founded in 1754, when Manhattan Island
chapters, lose much of their possible signifi- had fewer inhabitants than the University
cance when thus divorced from the events of now has students, it grew irregularly until
which they were the setting; and statements about 1890; since then its growth has been so
applying to different ages, grouped together, nearly matchless that the present figures
give an accurate impression of none. The astound one: 54 departments of instruction,
chronology, of which the author takes an anti 740 teachers, 3644 special students, 9929 regu-
quated and unwarrantably pessimistic view, lar students, and buildings and grounds aggre-
is relegated to the final chapter. It is respon gating $54,000,000 in value — and all of this
sible for Dr. Budge's belief that Egypt bor in the city of New York. Dean Keppel sin-
rowed from Babylonia the idea of such objects cerely deplores the large number of students ;
as the mace and the cylinder seal; but, accord and this is typical of the spirit of the entire
ing to the most careful modern chronological book. It will readily be seen that, with such
research, civilization first grew up in Egypt. a plant, complicated as it is and consisting of
Some other superseded theories and occasional schools within schools, educational problems
misstatements find a place, while results of have arisen and continue to arise, the solution
recent years may be passed over. References of which is extraordinarily difficult, as well as
in the bibliography at the end are not always provocative of feeling. All of these Dean
to the latest edition or the latest treatise; and Keppel discusses so logically and amiably
the proof-reader had a grudge against German that outsiders will be forced to admire — and
book-titles.— As to literature, the reader who insiders to be patient with — the trend of
has hitherto had to search among such series as things at Morningside Heights. The book is,
the 'Library of the World's Best Literature"
in a way, a contribution to the general history
(a search well worth while) is indebted to Dr. of education in this country, with an occa-
Budge for the "first attempt made to place be- sional lapse into pedagogical observations, one
fore the public a summary of the principal con of which is not sufficiently elaborated : the
tents of Egyptian Literature in a handy and relation of research to teaching. All will
popular form."
This volume is, however, subscribe to the plea that is made for the good
unsystematically arranged, the religious ele- teacher. But lack of the time (and the inval-
ment (which is excessively prominent) appear uable energy) for research by no means guar-
ing at both ends as well as in the middle. In antees good teaching. Indeed it just happens
spite of this, the great hymn to Aton, in which that in Dean Keppel's own Columbia, those
King Amenhetep IV. sounded the key-note of particular men whose courses are uniformly
the world's first monotheism, is not included. voted the most useful (not simply the most
The author has often wisely chosen para- popular) are, in the great majority of in-
phrase or synopsis in order to escape the stances, the same men who are most interested


302
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
A summer tramp
in southwestern
mason who is now
in and the most successfully engaged in re mits him to disclose. At last, to his surprise,
search. Statistics concerning the men of he was asked to accept a pastorate in a west-
research and the men of teaching in American ern church, not to preach dogma, though he
üniversities might throw bright light on a had betaken himself from Greek Orthodoxy to
dark issue. One omission on the historical an unrigorous Protestantism before leaving
side we note: the fact that there is no men Syria, but to set forth religion as learned from
tion of Lorenzo da Ponte (1749-1838), the the mouth of Jesus himself in the Gospels. It
author of the librettos of Mozart's “Figaro,” is a marvellous recital, this bridging of the
“Don Giovanni,” and “Cosi fan tutte,” who thousands of years that separate Turkey and
taught Italian at Columbia from 1828 on. The the United States, and one that every true
charming illustrations, pleasing style, and American can read with almost as great a
abundant humor, can only make all Columbia pride as the teller of the story must feel.
graduates rejoice over their opportunity to
congratulate both the author and his theme.
In a sleepy corner of France
most remote from the present
A Syrian stone rom the humble status of a
France.
scene of Anglo-Franco-German
a minister in Syrian artisan to the pastorate strife, and months before the first mutterings
Boston.
of the Church of the Disciples in of the coming storm, three British pedes-
Boston is indeed “A Far Journey" (Hough-trians, with knapsacks on their backs, made a
ton). The autobiographer, the Rev. Abraham pilgrimage, during which they slept in well-
Mitrie Rihbany, tells a story that is flattering nigh a score of wayside inns, saw not a single
to the American people. His change of scene city, and met scarcely half a dozen persons
and nationality involved a singularly perfect who could speak a word of anything but the
merging of his identity with that of ours, and native idiom. “Vagabonds in Périgord"
he is in consequence enabled to interpret a (Houghton), by Mr. H. H. Bashford, is a
childhood and youth passed at El-Shweir and book whose pages fairly shimmer with the
Betater in the province of Mount Lebanon to heat of that midsummer tramp through
us as such things have never been interpreted Corrèze and Dordogne and Gironde - the fa-
before. A member of the Orthodox Greek tigues of the journey as well as its delights
Church, his first instruction was received from figuring prominently in the intimate narrative
one of its priests, afterward supplemented by of the tramp-historian. The author, Sophronia
a brief but pregnant period under American his wife, and Justin the visionary, make up
Presbyterian missionaries. His father was a
the party, although of the corporeality of
stone-mason, and he followed the custom of the Justin one is left in strong doubt at the end,
country by learning the ancestral trade. But where it is written: “But to tell the truth
he was destined for better things. Himself we had both become a little tired of Justin;
penniless, a school friend advanced the money and we resolved to slay him as we had re-
needed to bring him to America, and he solved to slay him so many times before. For
landed in New York only twenty years ago, what was he, after all, but a mood to be now
unable to speak the language and too little and then inhabited a poor husk of a fellow,
experienced in the world's ways to earn any- always chasing just a yard or two behind life?
thing but the most desultory livelihood either So we watched him fade until presently we
in or out of the little Syrian colony of those could see the star or two that he had been
days. His experiences included clerking in a blotting, and the remote lamp of a steamer
store owned by one of his countrymen, unsuc outward bound.” Peacefully bucolic though
cessful attempts to peddle silk, and the edit- the book's atmosphere is, there is one jangling
ing of a Syrian newspaper printed in Arabic! note - where Justin broaches at the dinner.
It took no very long time for him to realize table the subject of the proposed three-years
that life among his own people, though in military service, and further urges that the
America, was not contributing to his under- enlightened of all nations are really brethren
standing of his adopted country, and he set for whom frontier boundary lines have ceased
forth upon a long odyssey, during which he to exist. “But if Justin had believed this to
acquired some formal education and actually be an olive-branch, it was his last and greatest
taught himself the gift of fluent speaking and error. ... They slapped their foreheads. Was
preaching in English by assiduous lecturing, war of the intellect? They smote their waist-
often in churches and Sunday-schools. The coats. It was an affaire de cæur. For any man
difficulties that attended his upward march with sensibilities higher in grade than a
are not set forth with any fullness, but enough potato's, there were conditions, they yelled,
is told to make it quite apparent that he had under which death was infinitely preferable
a much harder time than his good taste per- | to life — such conditions as had always ren-
.


1914]
303
THE
DIAL
ballad in
dered, and to the world's end would still same time conveys vivid and presumably
render, the declaration of war a never-out-of truthful impressions of Mexican life and Mex-
sight liability. Thus was the fiery Gascon | ican people in the midst of rebellion.
blood seen to boil up even in peaceful Péri.
gord. Mr. Bashford is an artist in light and
Professor E. G. Cox has per-
The popular
humorous narrative; also an artist with his
formed a welcome service in
pencil, as shown, if we mistake not, in the
Denmark.
turning into English the val-
pleasing cover-design to his book and in the uable work of the Danish scholar, Dr. Johannes
old-fashioned map, half topography, half Steenstrup, on the ballad, now issued from
quaint illustration, that is printed on the end the press of Ginn & Co. under the title of
leaves and bears his initials in one corner. “The Medieval Popular Ballad.” This vol-
ume first appeared at Copenhagen in 1891,
Compared with the stern reality and has won general recognition among
In the land
of perpetual of the present European con-
scholars. It is based on Grundtvig's famous
revolution.
flict it is little more than a
collection of Danish ballads a collection
comic-opera warfare that Mr. John Reed, war larger even than that of our own Professor
correspondent in the rebellion-torn republic to Child — but it is nevertheless of considerable
the south of us, pictures in his peculiarly importance to the English student by reason
jaunty manner in the volume entitled "Insur- of the light that it reflects on the history and
gent Mexico” (Appleton). When, for in-nature of the English ballad. The prime aim
stance, the Federal commander at Zacatecas of Dr. Steenstrup was to ascertain and set
City telegraphs to General Velasco at Torreon forth the main characteristics of the ballad
his brilliant scheme of letting the Constitu as it originally flourished in Denmark. Inci-
tionalists take the city and then recapturing dentally he endeavors to bring out certain
it from them because it is an easier place to spurious elements that have crept into the
attack than to defend, how can such tactics be ballad in more modern times or that are to be
regarded seriously as illustrations of orthodox found in certain ballads of comparatively
military science? In the following excerpt recent origin which had erroneously been ad-
we get a glimpse of the foremost Constitu- mitted into the canon by Grundtvig. His
tionalist general recreating himself after his conclusions with respect to the origin and
arduous duties at the front. The scene is an nature of the Danish ballad are in striking
improvised bull ring. “Villa would walk accord with the views now generally accepted
right up to the pawing, infuriated animal, with respect to the English ballad. The
and, with his double cape, slap him insolently Danish ballad, he shows, is remarkable first of
across the face, and, for half an hour, would all for its objectivity; it had its origin in
follow the greatest sport I ever saw. Some songs of the folk accompanied by dancing; it
times the sawed-off horns of the bull would is extremely fond of the refrain; it is crude
catch Villa in the seat of the trousers and and irregular both in its rhythms and in its
propel him violently across the ring; then he rhymes; it is averse to alliteration as an
would turn and grab the bull by the head and organic element, but employs parallelism oc-
wrestle with him with the sweat streaming casionally, and is fond of repetition; it avoids
down his face until five or six compañeros nature except for purposes of background; it
seized the bull's tail and hauled him plowing abhors didactic elements and abstractions of
and bellowing back.” In striking contrast every sort; it is incomparably plain and
with the rollicking boyishness and rough-and-simple in its style. The ballad first flourished
ready forcefulness of “Pancho" Villa are the in Denmark, so Dr. Steenstrup concludes, in
pompous ineffectuality and wooden stiffness the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. One
of the nominal commander-in-chief, Venusti- is impressed throughout with the frankness
ano Carranza, as he appears to us in Mr. and earnestness displayed by this Danish
Reed's pages, holding himself aloof in an scholar. The style of Professor Cox's transla-
absurd unapproachability, surrounded and tion is admirably lucid and forthright, and it
guarded from molestation by officious cabinet is perfect in its idiom.
members and other diplomatic gentlemen, and
all the while leaving - Villa strictly alone, to
"Mexican Archæology: An In-
The ancient
undergo defeats if he must, or make mistakes;
troduction to the Archæology of
of Mexico.
so much so that Villa himself was forced to
the Mexican and Mayan Civili-
deal with foreign powers as if he were the zations of Pre-Spanish America” (Putnam)
head of the government." The book helps one is a fat octavo volume filled with illustrations
to understand recent developments in the and containing a useful map, which Mr.
mutual relations of these two men, and at the Thomas A. Joyce has prepared for the use of
civilizations


304
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
-
students. It is filled to bursting with facts, conditions of about-to-be Americans. This he
solid, substantial, undeniable facts, carrying followed by tramping from New York to Chi-
the knowledge the world has been able to cago with means to pay his way. His impres-
recover of the lost civilizations of Mexico sions are gained by personal contact, and not
down to the most recent discoveries. As an by reading, and they are as interesting to read
instance of the German method of thorough as they must have been to undergo. Mr. Gra-
ness — in this field, the author says in his ham is sympathetic with our endeavors to
Preface, “the torch has passed to Germany" better the conditions of those who come among
it deserves all praise; as a specimen of us from European shores, but hardly as sym-
literature it is perhaps more readable than an pathetic as he is with the Russian immigrants
unabridged dictionary. Its appeal is to the whose fellows he had learned to admire in his
student, interested in facts; to the casual earlier journeyings through their great em-
reader who wishes a running account of these pire and down to the Holy Land. But he is
elder Americans that will hold his atten- fair, and he leans always toward constructive
tion and give him in reasonable space the criticism. An instance of the shrewdness of
truth about them, it is hard reading. Take his observation may be given: After discrim-
the question of Aztec cannibalism, which pre inating between “the great multifarious, un-
vious writers have led us to suppose was the
formed mass of the people” and “the strong,
usual sequence of the offering of human vic- emancipated, cultured American nation," he
tims to the gods. It is rather important, if goes on to describe “the fat American, clever
we are to form an idea of the civilization of enough to bluff even the Jew
- the strange
the ancient Mexican. Mr. Joyce mentions it, emerging bourgeois type of what I call the
rather casually, in only two places, thus : 'white nigger,' low-browed, heavy-cheeked,
“Sacrifice was sometimes accompanied by thick-lipped, huge-bodied, but white; men
cannibalism” (p. 67). "The very cannibalism
who seem made of rubber so elastic they are;
which, to a limited extent, formed the occa men who seem to get their thoughts from
sional sequel to human sacrifice, becomes di below upward. ... On the whole, the dry.
vested of much of its horror when it is remem lean Americans are the most trustworthy and
bered that the rite was, in essentials, an act honorable among the masses of the people. In
of communion with the deity, with whom the England we trust fat men, men 'who sleep o'
victim was identified” (p. 82). This does nights,' but in America one prefers the lean
not appear to cover the ground adequately, man. Of course too much stress might
and gives rise to a suspicion that, like Pres- easily be laid on the unpleasantness of the
cott the historian and Wallace the romancer, 'white-nigger' type. There are plenty of
the uthor desires to gloss over the darkest them who are true gentlemen.
This is as
chapter in Aztec annals. This impression hard upon the American negro of the better
remains after finishing the book. The "civili sort as it is upon the fat man, of course, but
zation” described was a red Indian savagery, it is given from a foreign point of view and is
dominated by gross superstitions from which suggestive of more than it says. This is gen-
more northern tribes were comparatively free.
erally true of the book, which is admirably
The Aztecs were pueblo Indians whose per-
written and decorated with bits of natural
formances in the arts should not be allowed to description truly poetic in feeling.
blind the modern mind to the realities of their
daily life and worship.
Personal experience and obser-
The fair sex
vation in the land of the Pha-
Americans have seldom been
the Pharaohs.
An observer
raohs form the basis of Mrs.
of immigrants given a better chance to see Elizabeth Cooper's varied and instructive
to America.
themselves as others see them chapters entitled, collectively, “The Women
than in the interesting view given of portions of Egypt” (Stokes), but covering a far wider
of the country by Mr. Stephen Graham in range of topics than this title would indicate:
“With Poor Immigrants to America” (Mac- for the manners and customs, the religion and
millan). We could wish for our own sakes the superstitions, the industries and the
that Mr. Graham had not had the experiences amusements, of the people in general are de-
SO picturesquely set forth in his previous scribed or touched upon in the course of the
work, “With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusa- book, while a multitude of illustrations of all
lem,” since the contrast with Russian spir-sorts emphasizes the volume's pleasing variety.
ituality in its most self-sacrificing mood is Recording little but what she herself has seen
more than a little hard on American material- or has heard from the natives, Mrs. Cooper
ism. The author took passage from England inspires confidence in her trustworthiness as
in the steerage, and there met all sorts and a writer on present-day conditions in the
in the land of


1914)
305
THE DIAL
career of
country visited by her with the express pur the admiralty), and James Creelman.
It
pose, as she says, of trying “to learn some would be difficult to select modern careers as
thing of the life of the Egyptian woman. I interesting in the fullest sense of the word as
did not expect," she adds, "to fully under several of these, even from among those who
stand her, but I wanted to know as much as fought rather than described fighting. There
is possible for a woman of that hurrying,
woman of that hurrying, follows a most interesting and unexpected
bustling, new country, America, to know of chapter on George Wilkins Kendall and his
the slow, lethargic woman of the Orient. I fellow-correspondents of the war with Mexico
realized that the foundation of our knowledge in 1846-7, wherein it is conclusively demon-
of a people must be an understanding of their strated that the free press of America was the
country, for social structure depends primarily first to recognize and utilize the services of
upon labour, and labour is determined by reporters in the field. The concluding chap-
place." To the part played by the shut-in ters are devoted, respectively, to the work
woman of the harem is ascribed an exag done by Americans in the Civil War and in
gerated importance, it must seem to many the Spanish-American War. The Preface
readers, by this friendly and sympathetic mentions the names of many more who might
observer, who even begins her book with these have been included had the size of the book
words: "As go the women of Egypt, so goes permitted, while the treatment accorded those
Egypt.” And yet she herself admits the in- mentioned justifies their exclusion. It makes
security of woman's place in the Egyptian a better book for detailing the history of
household and hence in the larger social these than it could have been if there had
scheme. Divorces are the rule and not the been a larger inclusion with the meagre
exception, the husband having the right to put sketchiness necessarily ensuing. Portraits of
away his wife and try a new one for no all the men mentioned are used as illustra-
sufficient cause, as well as the privilege of tions.
plural wives up to the prescribed Mohamme-
The latest addition to the
dan limit. But there are signs of better things
The political
“Heroes of the Nations” series
in the future for the patient women of the Demosthenes.
is devoted to "Demosthenes and
Nile. England's administration seems to tend
the Last Days of Greek Freedom" (Putnam).
to their uplifting, and the education of girls
The author is Mr. A. W. Pickard-Cambridge
is there making fine headway. One cannot
of Balliol College, Oxford ; and his work has
wish to see orientalism rudely ousted by occi-
been well done. In such a series there must
dentalism, but rather some needed reforms
That this process
be a little temptation now and then to make
introduced in the old order.
one's theme fit harmoniously into the general
is now going on among the women of Egypt
plan; but in the present instance Demos-
becomes apparent from a reading of Mrs. thenes is treated with an unflinching hand.
Cooper's excellent account of her extended
Of course he was an orator before he was a
sojourn in that country.
statesman, and he was often a politician after
he became a statesman; he had many obvious
The adventurous
Most opportune and worthy of weaknesses, which are not blinked by the
men who have high praise is Mr. F. Lauriston author; but after all he was the protagonist,
reported battles. Bullard's “Famous War Corre the hero, in the tragic conflict against the
spondents'' (Little, Brown & Co.). The pro rising power of Philip of Macedonia. And
found interest commanded by the greatest what a drama it makes, the course of events
war in history, coupled with the meagreness from the Peace of Antalcidas (387-6) to the
of the details of its battles, has called especial battle of Chaeroneia (338). Naturally the
attention not only to the present task of war supreme tragedy is the travail and defeat of
correspondents but to their past achieve Athens; but even after Chaeroneia there is
ments. The place of honor is here rightly scarcely less tragedy in the struggle and death
given to Sir William Howard Russell, whose of her foremost champion sixteen years later.
dispatches from the Crimea changed the And it must be a stout-hearted imperialist,
thought of a nation and caused the fall of a indeed, who can study this period without
British government. Thereafter appear valu strange flutterings about the heart. The
able judgments upon Archibald Forbes, Janu- present reviewer, certainly, who has worked
arius Aloysius MacGahan, Frederick Villiers in this field for many years, must confess
(still alive and sketching near the front to that he laid aside the present studious and
day), Bennet Burleigh, Edmond O'Donovan, unemotional treatise with a feeling unpar-
the five Vizetellys, Edward Frederick Knight, donably akin to tears. It is a pleasure to
the lamented George Warrington Steevens, commend the volume to intelligent readers
Winston Spencer Churchill (now first lord of who would care to follow “the last struggle


306
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
nent persons.
of the Hellenes for liberty and the part played
NOTES.
by Demosthenes in that struggle" in a book
that is thoroughly sane and represents scholar The publication of Mr. Compton Mackenzie's
ship without pedantry. It ought to be noted
novel, “ Sinister Street," has been postponed until
that there are twenty-nine illustrations, in-
next spring
cluding an excellent map, and, in addition, a
“Short Stories in the Making,” by Professor
Robert W. Neal, is announced by the Oxford Uni-
convenient chronological table, a fair bibli-
versity Press.
ography in the prefatory note, and an index
Professor Max Reinhardt has promised to come
that proved reliable in so far as it was tested.
to this country in the near future as the guest of
It is not the custom of daily
the Stage Society of New York.
Frank estimates
Mrs. Havelock Ellis's “Love Acre: An Idyll
of forty promi newspapers here or anywhere
in Two Worlds” is announced by Mr. Mitchell
else to furnish intelligent and
Kennerley as immediately forthcoming.
frank estimates of character in the form of
A volume of short stories by “Maxime Gorky,"
personality sketches. In the United States dealing with life in Italy and Russia, will be
we often attack a millionaire or a prophet and brought out shortly in English translation by Mr.
we often provide him with a halo; we almost B. W. Huebsch.
never attempt the thing between. The French “ The Three Sisters," the forthcoming novel of
newspaper writers are more skilful at writing Miss May Sinclair, is announced by the Macmillan
personality sketches, but their journalism is Co. as a study, by means of dramatic incidents, of
more partisan than our own. The English
three distinct types of womanhood.
are very like us. Mr. A. C. Gardiner's collec "Rada," a play by Mr. Alfred Noyes revealing
tion of articles from the London "Daily
the un-Christian character of war and presenting
News,” entitled “Pillars of Society” (Dodd,
scenes from the recent Balkan conflict, will soon be
Mead & Co.), is therefore something of a sur-
published in book form by Messrs. Stokes.
prise to those who did not see his previous
To the series of modern monographs which Mr.
volume, “Prophets, Priests, and Kings.” It
Martin Secker is issuing in London have been
added “Robert Bridges, a Critical Study," by Mr.
consists of forty frank views, each illustrated
F. E. Brett Young, and “ Maurice Maeterlinck, a
by a photograph, of prominent persons Critical Study," by Miss Una Taylor.
from Sir Edward Carson to Prince Kropotkin, Mr. Arnold Bennett's latest volume of travel
and from the Jam Sahib of Nawanagar to Sir bears the title “ From the Log of the Velsa," and
Johnston Forbes-Robertson. Mr. Gardiner is will be published shortly by the Century Co. The
doubtless more of a party man than appears frontispiece in color is by the author, and other
to the American reader not too familiar with illustrations are by Mr. E. A. Rickards.
English politics, but, granted that his bias is The war has caused Mr. Hilaire Belloc to change
toward Mrs. Despard rather than toward Mrs. many of his plans, and it is improbable that he
Ward and toward Mr. Lloyd George rather
will decide to come to this country, as he originally
than toward Mr. Andrew Carnegie, he seems
intended, for an extensive lecturing tour through
an uncommonly fair man, with a catholic
the principal cities in the course of the late autumn
and winter.
taste in personality, and he writes very well.
Professor William Lyon Phelps's “ Essays on
Books" is promised for immediate issue by Messrs.
BRIEFER MENTION.
Macmillan. In it he treats Jane Austen, Dickens,
Browning, Schopenhauer, Richardson, and many
Miss Jesse Bonstelle and Miss Marian de Forest others in the same light and entertaining fashion
have found little matter of importance for “Little employed by him in his earlier collection of talks
Women Letters from the House of Alcott" (Little, on present-day novelists.
Brown & Co.), but they have made a book which The natural history of Africa will be enriched
vividly recalls the creator of “Little Women.” this fall with two important contributions. Mr.
Two facsimiles of letters from Bronson Alcott to Theodore Roosevelt's Life-histories of African
his daughter, Louisa May Alcott, and one of a Game Animals ” will soon be published by Messrs.
letter to another daughter, are included.
Scribner; “ The Natural History of South Africa,"
Three new volumes of the “Loeb Classical by Mr. F. W. Fitzsimmons, will come from the
Library” (Macmillan) have recently come to hand. press of Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co.
The two in the Latin section are Vol. II. of Sue Those of Mr. Galsworthy's readers who have
tonius, which completes “The Lives of the Cæsars” | learned to watch for the rare ashes of insight
and " The Lives of Illustrious Men," and Cicero's into the animal world that he reveals in almost
“ De Finibus Bonorum Et Malorum”; the one in all his novels will welcome a volume devoted en-
the Greek section is the first volume of a two tirely to a sympathetic treatment of the life of
volume edition of Xenophon's “ Cyropædia." Pro the lower kingdom. His latest book, " Memories,"
fessor J. C. Rolfe is the translator of Suetonius, which is issued this month by Messrs. Scribner,
Mr. H. Rackham of Cicero, and Mr. Walter Miller gives an account of the history of a favorite
of Xenophon.
spaniel.


1914)
307
THE DIAL
With the publication of the second and final General James R. Rusling; "A Pilgrim of the In-
volume of “George III. and Charles Fox,” by Sir finite," by Dr. William V. Kelley; “ Christianity
George Otto Trevelyan, now published by Messrs. and the New Age," by Mr. George P. Mains;
Longmans, Green & Co., is brought to a close the “ Social Heredity and Social Evolution,” by Pro-
series of six volumes, of which the first four were fessor H. W. Conn; “Heroines of History," by
entitled “ The American Revolution.” They con Bishop Frank M. Bristol; “ The Rural Church
stitute a narrative of the events in England and Movement,” by Professor Edwin L. Earp; “The
on the Continent which had a bearing on the con Harps of the Gods and the Chords They Play," by
flict in America.
Mr. George MacAdam; and “Leaves of Life for
Several books on California are promised for the Daily Inspiration," by Mrs. Margaret Bird Stein-
season, and gain timeliness in view of the Exposi- metz.
tion of next year.
Mrs. Gertrude Atherton is Two new volumes in “ The Humanists' Library”
Californian-born, and in her forthcoming volume, are issued this season by The Merrymount Press.
“ The Story of California," to be published by
6. Pico della Mirandola: A Platonick Discourse
Messrs. Harper, she deals with the history of the upon Love" appears in the English translation of
state from its earliest geological beginnings and Thomas Stanley, a contemporary of Milton, and
emphasizes many important phases of its vividly is now edited by Mr. Edmund G. Gardner. Gio-
picturesque story.
vanni della Casa's “ The Galateo of Manners and
“ The Cornhill Booklet,” a little magazine which
Behaviour" is reprinted from the English transla-
made its first appearance in 1900 and ran for five
tion made in 1516 by Robert Petersen, an English
years, has resumed publication. The October issue,
barrister. Mr. J. E. Spingarn, who is the editor
the first which now appears, contains a poem by
of this unique and interesting old volume, supplies
Mr, Percy MacKaye, a little known poem of Leigh
an Introduction on the Renaissance ideals of
Hunt, and hitherto unpublished fragments from
courtesy.
Oscar Wilde's “ De Profundis." Future numbers Through arrangements with the London pub-
will have uncollected material of Thackeray, Lan-lishers, Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton, a series of
dor, Robert Louis Stevenson, and others.
books about the war will be brought out imme-
With the December number of this year The
diately in this country by Messrs. Doran. Among
Bibelot” will be concluded, as the series of twenty
the volumes, all of which are new books, are the
volumes, originally planned, will then be complete. following: “How Germany Makes War," by Gen-
Mr. Thomas B. Mosher, the editor and publisher,
eral F. von Bernhardi; “Liberty !" by Mr. Arnold
has met with admirable success in his purpose to
Bennett; The German Army from Within," by
offer to lovers of good literature a reprint of
a British officer; “The Russian Army from
poetry and prose, chosen from scarce and gen-
Within,” by Mr. W. Barnes Stevens; “How the
erally unknown editions and sources, which com-
War Began,” by Messrs. W. L. Courtney and J. M.
bines inexpensiveness with choice typography.
Kennedy; “ The Fleets at War," by Mr. Archibald
Mme. Lilli Lehmann's “My Path through Life,"
“The Campaign of Sedan,” by Mr. George
Mr. Arthur E. P. B. Weigall’s “ The Life and
Hooper; “In the Firing Line," by Mr. A. St.
Times of Cleopatra,” and two new volumes in the
John Adcock; “The Campaign round Liége," by
“ Heroes of the Nations" series, dealing with
Messrs. W. L. Courtney and J. M. Kennedy; " The
Red Cross in War," by Miss M. F. Billington;
Alfred of England and Isabella the Catholic, are
among the biographies announced by Messrs. Put-
and “Forty Years After," by Mr. H. C. Bailey.
The publication of another biography on
Messrs. Putnam's list, Mr. James Hamilton Wylie's
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
“ The Reign of Henry V.," was erroneously attrib-
uted to Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. when the first [The following list, containing 800 titles, includes books
volume of the work was reviewed in a recent issue received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
of THE DIAL.
A new edition of " Golden Poems," compiled by
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Reminiscences of Tolstoy. By his son, Count Ilya
Francis Fisher Browne, the founder of THE DIAL,
Tolstoy; translated by George Calderon. Illus-
comes from the press of Messrs. A. C. McClurg & trated, large 8vo, 405 pages. Century Co. $2.50 net.
Memorials of Eminent Yale Men:
Co. It is entirely reprinted and was enlarged,
A Biographical
Study of Student Life and University Influences
brought down to date, and completely revised by during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries.
the compiler. Printed on India paper and issued
By Anson Phelps Stokes. In 2 volumes; illus-
trated in photogravure, 4to. Yale University
in two bindings, flexible cloth and morocco with Press. $10. net.
red-under-gold edges, it promises to be one of the Charles Stewart Parnell: His Love Story and Po-
litical Life. By Mrs. Parnell (Katharine O'Shea).
notable holiday books of the season. The first In 2 volumes; illustrated, large 8vo. George H.
edition appeared over thirty years ago, and, as a
Doran Co. $5. net.
collection of the best poems by British and Ameri-
A Far Journey. By Abraham Mitrie Rihbany.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 351 pages.
can authors, has long been a general favorite.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.75 net.
George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding
Among the titles on the fall announcement list
Part of The American Revolution. By Sir George
of the Methodist Book Concern are the following Otto Trevelyan, Bart. Volume II. 8vo, 433
books of general interest: “Beside Lake Beauti-
pages. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.25 net.
Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital in and around
ful,” by Bishop William A. Quayle; “ The Prayer Moukden in Peace and War: Being the Recol-
Life,” by Dr. Andrew Murray; a new edition of
lections of Dugald Christie, C.M.G. Edited by
his wife. Illustrated, large 8vo, 303 pages.
“ Men and Things I Saw in Civil War Days," by McBride, Nast & Co. $2.75 net.
Hurd;
nam.


308
(Oct. 16
THE DIAL
an
The Life and Letters of Edward Young. By Henry
C. Shelley. Illustrated, large 8vo, 289 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $4. net.
Cicero of Arpinum: A Political and Literary Biog-
raphy. By E. G. Sihler, Ph.D. Large 8vo, 487
pages. Yale University Press. $2.50 net.
The Life of King George of Greece. By Walter
Christmas. Illustrated in photogravure, etc.,
large 8vo, 427 pages. McBride, Nast & Co.
$4. net.
Pauline Bonaparte and Her Lovers. By Hector
Fleischmann. Illustrated, 8vo, 256 pages. John
Lane Co. $3.50 net.
Napoleon and His Adopted Son: Eugène de Beau-
harnais and His Relations with the Emperor.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 384
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $3.50 net.
An Unknown Son of Napoleon (Count Léon). By
Hector Fleischmann. With photogravure frontis-
piece, 8vo, 291 pages. John Lane Co. $3. net.
Life of Napoleon. By Major Arthur Griffiths. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 434 pages. J. B. Lippin-
cott Co. $1.75 net.
The Secret of Louis-Philippe: The Suppressed
Memoirs of Maria Stella, the Rightful Heir By
Herself; translated from the French by Harriet
M. Capes, with Introduction by B. D'Agen. Illus-
trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 299 pages.
McBride, Nast & Co. $2.75 net.
The Decline and Fall of Napoleon. By Field-Mar-
shall Viscount Wolseley, K.P. Third edition;
illustrated, 8vo, 203 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.25 net.
The Celebrated Madame Campan, Lady-in-Waiting
to Marie Antoinette and Confidante of Na-
poleon By Violette M. Montagu. Illustrated
in photogravure, large 8vo, 383 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $3.75 net.
Pillars of Society. By A. G. Gardiner. Illustrated,
8vo, 354 pages.
Doda, Mead & Co.
Famous Affinities of History: The Romance of De-
votion. By Lyndon Orr. Illustrated, 8vo, 368
pages. Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
On the Track of the Great: Recollections of a
Special Correspondent. By Aubrey Stanhope.
With photogravure frontispiece, 8vo, 310 pages.
John Lane Co. $2.50 net.
From Alien to Citizen: The Story of My Life in
America. By Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated,
8vo, 331 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50 net.
A One-sided Autobiography: Containing the Story
of My Intellectual Life. By Oscar Kuhns. 12mo,
236 pages.
Eaton & Mains. $1. net.
The Late Years of Michael Angelo. By Wilhelm R.
Valentiner. Illustrated, large 8vo, 38 pages.
Privately Printed.
HISTORY.
A History of England and Greater Britain. By
Arthur Lyon Cross. With maps, large 8vo, 1165
pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
Famous Land Fights. By A. Hilliard Atteridge.
Illustrated, 12mo, 329 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$2. net.
The Renaissance, the Protestant Revolution, and
the Catholic Reformation in Continental Europe.
By Edward Maslin Hulme. Large 8vo, 589 pages.
Century Co. $2.50 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Berry Papers: Being the Correspondence
hitherto Unpublished of Mary and Agnes Berry
(1763-1852). By Lewis Melville. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., 8vo, 448 pages. John Lane
Co. $6. net.
Lucas' Annual. Edited by E. V. Lucas. 12mo, 195
pages.
Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net.
The Love Letters of Juliette Drouet to Victor
Hugo. Edited by Louis Gimbaud; translated by
Lady Theodora Davidson. Illustrated, large 8vo,
409 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2.50 net.
A Great Mystery Solved: Being a Continuation of
and Conclusion to "The Mystery of Edwin
Drood.” By Gillan Vase; edited by Shirley
Byron Jevons. 12mo, 302 pages. McBride, Nast
& Co. $1.50 net.
The Reading Public. By Macgregor Jenkins. 16mo,
106 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Earth Triumphant, and Other Tales in Verse. By
Conrad Aiken. 12mo, 219 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
One Woman to Another, and Other Poems. By
Corinne Roosevelt Robinson. 12mo, 73 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Congo, and Other Poems. By Vachel Lindsay;
with Introduction by Harriet Monroe. 12mo, 159
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Van Zorn: A Comedy in Three Acts. By Edwin
Arlington Robinson. 12mo, 164 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.25 net.
Golden Poems by British and American Authors.
Edited by Francis Fisher Browne. New and
enlarged edition; 12mo, 526 pages. A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co. $2.75 net.
The Complete Poems of S. Weir Mitchell. 8vo, 447
pages. Century Co. $2. net.
The Falconer of God, and Other Poems. By William
Rose Benét. 8vo, 120 pages. Yale University
Press. $1. net.
Romance. By Edward Sheldon. With frontispiece,
12mo, 232 pages. Macmillan Co.
The Gypsy Trail: An Anthology for Campers. Com-
piled by Mary D. Hopkins and Pauline Gold-
mark. 16mo, 397 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley.
$1.25 net.
Lux Juventutis: A Book of Verse. By Katharine
A. Esdaile. 12mo, 87 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.25 net.
Lichens from the Temple. By Robert Restalrig
Logan. 16mo, 116 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1. net.
Change. By J. 0. Francis. 12mo, 147 pages.
“ Drama League Series of Plays." Doubleday,
Page & Co. 75 cts. net.
The Little King. By Witter Bynner. 12mo, 76
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. 60 cts. net.
Eve. By Katharine Howard. 12mo, 49 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
FICTION
The Revolt of the Angels. By Anatole France;
translated from the French by Mrs. Wilfrid
Jackson. 12mo, 348
pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
The Encounter. By Anne Douglas Sedgwick.
12mo, 387 pages. Century Co. $1.30 net.
The Street of Seven Stars. By Mary Roberts Rine-
hart. 12mo, 376 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.25 net.
The Wall of Partition. By Florence L. Barclay.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 421 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.35 net.
The Place beyond the Winds. By Harriet T. Com-
stock. Illustrated, 12mo, 386 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.25 net.
Winning the Wilderness. By Margaret Hill MC-
Carter. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 404 pages.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
The Lone Wolf. By Louis Joseph Vance. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 315 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.30 net.
The Way of the Strong. By Ridgwell Cullum.
Illustrated, 12mo, 447 pages. George W. Jacobs
& Co. $1.35 net.
The Red Mist: A Tale of Civil Strife. By Randall
Parrish. Illustrated, 401 pages. A. C. McClurg
& Co. $1.35 net.
For the Allinson Honor. By Harold Bindloss. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 350 pages. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.30 net.
Altogether Jane. By Herself. 12mo, 345 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1.35 net.
The Game of Life and Death: Stories of the Sea
By Lincoln Colcord. With frontispiece, 12mo,
289 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Christopher Quarles, College Professor and Master
Detective. By Percy James Brebner. Illus.
trated, 12mo, 299 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.35 net.
Thracian Sea. By John Helston. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 415 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.35 net.
The Growth of a Soul. By August Strindberg;
translated from the Swedish by Claud Field.
12mo, 252 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
Faces in the Dawn: A Christmas Story. By Her-
mann Hagedorn. 12mo, 310 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25 net.
Big Tremaine. By Marie Van Vorst. With frontis.
piece, 12mo, 373 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Quitter. By Jacob Fisher. Illustrated, 12mo.
340 pages. John C. Winston Co. $1.20 net.
Life's Lure. By John G. Neihardt. 12mo, 277 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25 net.
The Teeth of the Tiger. By Maurice Leblanc;
translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos.
Illustrated, 12mo, 490 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $1.25 net.


1914)
309
THE DIAL
With Poor Immigrants to America. By Stephen
Graham. Illustrated, 8vo, 306 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
The
War and America. By Hugo Münsterberg.
12mo, 209 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1. net.
Those Who Have Come Back. By Peter Clark Mac-
farlane. Illustrated, 12mo, 269 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.35 net.
The Nations of Europe: The Causes and Issues of
the Great War. By Charles Morris. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 464 pages. John C. Winston Co.
$1.50 net.
The Subterranean Brotherhood. By John Julian
Hawthorne. 8vo, 329 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. $1.50 net.
The Anti-trust Act and the Supreme Court. By
William Howard Taft. 12mo, 133 pages. Harper
& Brothers. $1.25 net.
The Political Shame of Mexico. By Edward I. Bell.
Illustrated, 8vo, 422 pages. McBride, Nast & Co.
$2. net.
Concerning Justice. By Lucilius A. Emery. 12mo,
170 pages. Yale University Press. $1.35 net.
The Canal Tolls and American Shipping. By Lewis
Nixon. 12mo, 243 pages. McBride, Nast & Co.
$1.25 net.
Why We Are at War: Great Britain's Case. By
members of the Oxford Faculty of Modern His-
tory. 8vo, 206 pages. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Paper.
Germany and the Next War. By Friedrich von
Bernhardi; translated from the German by Allen
H. Powles. New edition; 12mo, 288 pages.
Longmans, Green & Co. 75 cts. net.
Government Regulation of Water Transportation.
8vo, 305 pages. Baltimore: American Academy
of Political and Social Science. Paper.
Ashes of Vengeance: A Romance of Old France.
By H. B. Somerville. 12mo, 356 pages. McBride,
Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
Small Souls. By Louis Couperus; translated from
the French by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos,
12mo, 433 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
The House of Deceit. 12mo, 342 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.35 net.
The King behind the King. By Warwick Deeping.
12mo, 337 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.25 net.
The Cost of a Promise. By Mrs. Baillie Reynolds.
12mo, 370 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
The Kind Adventure. By Stella George Stern Perry.
Illustrated in color, 12mo, 318 pages. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.25 net.
The Things That Count. By Laurence Eyre. Nov-
elized from the play by the author. Illustrated,
12mo, 282 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
The Blind Spot. By Justus Miles Forman. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 324 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
The Presentation. By H. de Vere Stacpoole. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 314 pages. John
Lane Co. $1.30 net.
The Ward of Tecumseh. By Crittenden Marriott.
Illustrated in color, etc., i2mo, 336 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
The Commodore. By Maud Howard Peterson.
Illustrated, 12mo, 363 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1.25 net.
Janice Day. By Helen Beecher Long. Illustrated,
12mo, 308 pages. Sully & Kleinteich. $1.25 net.
Wintering Hay. By John Trevena. 12mo, 510
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.35 net.
Cordelia Blossom. By George Randolph Chester.
Illustrated, 12mo, 384 pages. Hearst's Interna-
tional Library Co. $1.35 net.
Ashton-Kirk, Special Detective. By John T. Mc-
Intyre. Illustrated, 12mo, 320 pages. Penn Pub-
lishing Co. $1.25 net.
The Two Sisters. By Virginia Terhune Van de
Water. Illustrated, 12mo, 332 pages. Hearst's
International Library Co. $1.25 net.
The House of Love. By Elizabeth Cheney. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 314 pages. The Abingdon Press.
$1.25 net.
The Dream Doctor: The New Adventures of Craig
Kennedy, Scientific Detective. By Arthur B.
Reeve. Illustrated, 8vo, 379 pages.
Hearst's
International Library Co. $1.35 net.
With the Best Intention. By Bruno Lessing. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 348 pages. Hearst's International
Library Co. $1.25 net.
The Sound of Water. By Margarita Spalding Gerry.
Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1. net.
The Little House. By Helen S. Woodruff. 12mo, 270
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net.
The
Gay and Festive Claverhouse. By Anne
Warner. Illustrated, 12mo, 216 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1. net.
Mere Man. By Edwin Bateman Morris. Illustrated,
12mo, 226 pages. Penn Publishing Co. $1. net.
Josiah Allen on the Woman Question. By Marietta
Holley. Illustrated, 12mo, 187 pages. Fleming
H. Revell Co. $1. net.
Nothing but the Truth. By Frederic S. Isham.
16mo, 305 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. 50 cts. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS - POLITICS, ECONOMICS,
AND SOCIOLOGY.
Impressions and Comments. By Havelock Ellis.
With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 262 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Man behind the Bars. By Winifred Louise
Taylor. 8vo, 302 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
The Secrets of the German War Office. By Arm-
gaard Karl Graves and Edward Lyell Fox. With
frontispiece, 8vo, 240 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. $1.50 net.
Bahaism: The Modern Social Religion. By Horace
Holley. Large 8vo, 223 pages. Mitchell Ken-
nerley. $2. net.
Why the Dollar Is Shrinking: A Study in the High
Cost of Living. 12mo, 233 pages. Macmillan
Co. $1.25 net.
The Dread of Responsibility. By Emile Faguet;
translated, with Introduction, by Emily James
Putnam. 12mo, 221 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25 net.
Trade Morals: Their Origin, Growth, and Province.
By Edward D. Page. 8vo, 287 pages. Yale Uni-
versity Press. $1.50 net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
An Idler in Spain: The Record of a Goya Pil-
grimage. By J. E. Crawford Flitch. Illustrated,
8vo, 304 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2. net.
The Charm of Scandinavia. By Francis E. Clark
and Sydney A. Clark. Illustrated, 8vo, 326 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $2.50 net.
A Woman in China. By Mary Gaunt. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 390 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$3.75 net.
Adventures while Preaching the Gospel of Beauty.
By Nicholas Vachel Lindsay. 12mo, 186 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net.
Vagabonds in Périgord. By H. H. Bashford. 12mo,
234 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Peru: A Land of Contrasts. By Millicent Todd.
Illustrated, 8vo, 314 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$2. net.
North Brazil, By E. C. Buley. 8vo, 216 pages.
“South American Handbooks." D. Appleton &
Co. $1.50 net.
Morocco the_Bizarre; or, Life in Sunset Land. By
George Edmund Holt. Illustrated, 8vo, 242
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2. net.
NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE.
The Lure of the Camera. By Charles S. Olcott.
Illustrated, 8vo, 301 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $3. net.
The American Natural History: A Foundation of
Useful Knowledge of the Higher Animals of
North America. By William T. Hornaday, Sc.D.
In 4 volumes, illustrated in color, large 8vo.
“Fireside Edition." Charles Scribner's Sons.
$7.50 net.
The Wild Turkey and Its Hunting. By Edward A.
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McQuilkin, La Grange, Ill. ; James Hibben, Evanston, nl.;
G. M. Leathers, Chicago, Ill. ; M. F. Kase, Chicago, Ill. ; P.
Boyle, Chicago, Ill. ; F. J. Trezise, New Lennox, Ill. ; H. M.
Allen, Chicago, Ill.
THE HENRY O. SHEPARD CO.
A. H. McQUILKIN, Secretary.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this Seventeenth day of
September, 1914.
[SEAL]
HARRY H. FLINN, Notary Public.
(My commission expires February 8, 1916.)


THE DIAL
---
A Semi-filonthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and
THE YOUNGER GENERATION.
16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico;
Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. RE The younger generation has been slow to
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declare itself in America. Persons of an
tions will begin with the current number. When no direct
equable cynicism deny its existence. Those
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stand for the judiciary, the home, and Victo-
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
832 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
rian literature have no doubt about it; and
neither have the young poets who imagine
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. they have invented poly-rhythmics,'' nor the
young idealists who believe that the Indus-
Vol. LVII. NOVEMBER 1, 1914. No. 681. trial Workers of the World are about to estab-
lish the only true democracy. We find it
CONTENTS.
difficult to cite names and titles as evidence
that a new generation has begun to define and
THE YOUNGER GENERATION
323
record itself in American literature.
SOME AMERICAN PICTURES IN THE MET-
ROPOLITAN MUSEUM. Charles Leon-
Among novelists, Mr. Robert Herrick
ard Moore
325 hardly belongs to either the older or the
CASUAL COMMENT .
327 younger generation. His career can be un-
Mr. Edward Carpenter's optimism.— The derstood only as the career of a man who has
literature of little nations.— Books ad libi-
tum.- Poetry and prosperity.- Impressions
been caught between two generations so that
of the Leipzig exposition.-An eloquent pro he is handicapped by his sympathies with
test.- Disguised friends of literature and
both. Mrs. Edith Wharton is almost as much
art.- European appreciation of American
literary taste.-A check to library activity.-
a European as Mr. James; at any rate she is
In defence of Nietzsche.- Best-sellers of the
a good deal less an American than Mr. How-
moment.— The library's interest in the com-
ing generation.-A misinterpreted poet.-
ells; but, like him, she has chiefly studied a
The literary needs of a business man.-An society that is passing rather than one that
alleviation to the rigors of censorship.
is just coming in. Mr. Theodore Dreiser is
ESSAYS ON THE NOVEL. Louis I. Bredvold 332
quite definitely placed by an accident of his
A HUMANIZED KANT. William Kilborne
youth. He discovered the realist idea in fic-
Stewart
. 333
tion and post-Darwinian materialism at the
PUER,— PATER HOMINIS. T. D. A. Cockerell 335
same time, or about twenty years after Mr.
IMMIGRANTS, PAST AND PRESENT. Wal-
George Moore wrote “A Mummer's Wife.”
lace Rice.
337
His long struggle to secure the publication of
GRADUATES OF YALE. Norman Foerster 339
“Sister Carrie” confirmed him in that posi-
RECENT FICTION. Lucian Cary
340
tion, so that the only youthful quality he now
Miss Sedgwick's The Encounter.— The House
of Deceit.- Mrs. Watts's The Rise of Jennie possesses is the one which makes him think it
Cushing.
worth while to spend himself in opposing
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
342 American ideas of propriety in fiction. None
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
343 of these three, certainly, is as clearly of the
Professor Münsterberg's defence of Ger younger generation as is Mr. Arthur Bullard,
many.- Kit Carson and the frontier of his
the author of “A Man's World” and “Com-
time. — The economic progress of Russia.-
On writing as a profession. The fine art of
rade Yetta.” It is his distinction that with-
city-building. The first number of a new
out being a propagandist, he is thoroughly at
annual — Stories of redeemed criminals.-
How to live to old age.--A plea for the pris-
home with the emotions and the personalities
oner. - Insect foes of the orchard and vine of radicalism; and that without being him-
yard.
self the son of foreign-born parents, he is
NOTES
347
able to envisage America as a country inhab-
TOPICS IN NOVEMBER PERIODICALS 348 ited by others than New Englanders. But
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
348 there is scarcely a single young novelist — to
.
.
.
.


324
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
say nothing of a group -- whom we can place appreciative of them without his assistance.
beside him. So far, he is an isolated case. But the possible list of American writers of
The poets are more controversial than the the younger generation is nearly exhausted.
novelists; it really matters to them whether And the few men we have mentioned may not
one believes in Tennyson or in Mr. Ezra be as promising as they seem. Mr. Bullard
Pound; but the younger ones have written may never write a better novel than “A
very little so far. The theatre offers no more
Man's World,” or even another one as good.
evidence of a younger generation than poetry.
Mr. Croly, Mr. Lippmann, and Mr. Hackett
Mr. Edward Sheldon, for instance, belongs to
may already have made their contributions,
a new time as little as Mr. Percy MacKaye.
and not merely prepared the way for them.
Journalism is, perhaps, more promising
Why is the list so short?
than imaginative literature. Just now the Mr. Croly would say that in America we
have no tradition of free intellectual discus-
names of several able young men are linked
by the announcement of a weekly paper,
sion. The newspapers, the magazines, and
“The New Republic,” which proposes to criti-
even the universities are afraid of the public;
their concern not to offend the majority com-
cize politics, education, and the arts. Mr.
mits them to the accepted view and prohibits
Herbert Croly, the editor, wrote his book,
iconoclasm. The result is that the younger
“The Promise of American Life," from the
generation faces not only all the handicaps it
point of view of a man who feels that the only
everywhere suffers, but also a well-supported
society worth having would be one in which
taboo. The older generation holds all the van-
individuality had the opportunity to develop
tage points — the editorships, the professorial
freely. He believes that we have sacrificed
chairs, the official positions - which have
that opportunity to economic efficiency. Mr.
naturally fallen to it. That is a matter of
Walter Lippmann, just out of Harvard and
course. But its success in suppressing the
the Socialist party, is impatient of current
militant minority is peculiarly American.
writing about politics and political theory.
As one of the younger men put it the other
He pointed out, patiently enough, in his day, “It is not that we have nothing to say,
“A Preface to Politics,” that our American
or that we do not know how to say it. It is
faith in statutes is not at all justified by re-
that we have no place in which to say it."
sults, that to reject syndicalism because it
The question whether that bitter statement
proposes violence is to ignore both its motive of the case is any more true of the United
and its object, and that to write an elaborate
States than it is of England or of Russia is
report on vice without discussing the chief
perhaps irrelevant. There is enough truth in
force involved is to accomplish very little.
it to give it poignancy. For none of us would,
Mr. Francis Hackett has, we believe, never
in the abstract, deny youth a place in which
written a book. But he was the hero of an
"to say it," however coldly we might regard
unusual journalistic exploit.
its desire to say a particular thing in a par-
Five or six years ago, Mr. Hackett discov-
ticular place. The spectacle of youth strug-
ered the enormous gap between the reviews in
Chicago newspapers and those in London gling to give itself is sometimes comic; but it
is always a moving and, so far as its meaning
papers like the "Nation,” the “New Age,"
and the “Times Literary Supplement," and
can be read, a significant spectacle.
founded the "Friday Literary Review of the
The intelligent, therefore, regard such pa-
Chicago “Evening Post.' The experiment, pers as “The Masses,” “The New Review,"
in its originally effective form, was aban-
and “The International” with an interest out
doned nearly two years ago.
But while it of all proportion to their achievement- and
lasted Chicago had the opportunity to read probably with an interest out of all propor-
in a daily newspaper criticism which endeav tion to any rewards that have so far accrued
ored to apply the standards and the methods to it. They await the first issues of “The
of London weekly journalism. Mr. Hackett New Republic” as impatiently as if they had
was genial about it, yet he had his fling at the not been many times disappointed. They
pillars of the American novel while he intro- | watch for a new novelist or a new poet with
duced Chesterton, Shaw, Wells, and Bennett as much concern as astronomers hoping to
to a public which would have been much less | find a new star in the heavens.
--


1914)
325
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SOME AMERICAN PICTURES IN THE
Byronic backwash, but it is undeniably beauti-
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM.
ful. And beauty which does not have to be
argued about, or explained, or a taste culti-
American contemporary art has come more vated for it, is rare enough in art. Some of
into the open, has attracted more of the at Thomas Cole's work also has this ante-modern
tention of the world, than our recent work note.
in literature, music, or architecture. Pictures
These pictures strive for distinction. The
speak a universal language, they are not in modern note is struck in Eastman Johnson's
volved in the confusion of tongues. On the
“Two Men,” which aims mainly at sincerity.
other hand they are somewhat stationary and
not easy to multiply. Many of our best artists, realism which does not demand low themes or
It is a strongly painted piece of realism,- the
however, have invaded Europe, and their suc-
repulsive types.
cess has reflected a consequence on the whole
Perhaps there is a somewhat similar con-
body of our art. School it can hardly be
trast of aim between Alexander Wyant's “An
called. There have been the beginnings of
schools among us, but our artists generally "Evening in the
Old Clearing” and Worthington Whittredge's
have taken their technique and aims from
“Evening in the Woods.” Wyant's picture
is absolutely true and faithful. But it is a
foreign masters, and often their themes from
trifle cold, untouched with emotion; whereas
foreign life or scenes, so that there is not the
Whittredge's landscape is not only rich in
family resemblance between them which we
tone but is flooded with sentiment.
see in the great Italian and Dutch schools, or
We get a combination of the real and the
even in the English and French.
ideal in George Inness. His “Autumn Oaks”
The New York Metropolitan Museum is ex-
traordinarily rich in good examples of Ameri- scale, can stand comparison with the work of
and “Delaware Valley,” though small in
can art, though there are many artists un-
Rousseau and Diaz. His great “Evening" is
represented who might well be in evidence, unique and has tremendous qualities. The
and though some of those present are not
elements of the picture are simple, a mass of
shown by their best work. The collection, shadowy ground and foliage against the still
however, gives a fair idea of our achievement glowing evening sky. This is a work of con-
in painting. Of course our wealth of work in
centration. His "Peace and Plenty," how-
mural decoration must be sought for else-
ever, is a huge, scattered thing. It is hardly
where.
more than a piece of topography, and not very
Historically, the collection starts with our
good topography at that, for the central group
American primitives, Gilbert Stuart, Charles
of trees must be about three hundred feet
W. Peale, Thomas Sully, Henry Inman, and high.
John Neagle. We might call this the brick-
With the "Evening” of Inness may be com-
dust school; and there has surely been noth-pared and contrasted Mr. Ralph Blakelock's
ing like it in art before or since, unless the “Pipe Dancers." It is thoroughly American
pictures on our magazine covers keep up its in scene and subject: Indians, clothed in red,
traditions. The brilliancy of the ladies' com-
are dancing in the twilight which is growing
plexions, the floridness of the men's, the glit up around them, while overhead between long
ter of their noses, and the solidity of color in lines of trees a rich sunset is fading away.
their clothes, startle and amaze. But the col We have some doubt as to whether the top and
ors are laid on well; these portraits will re bottom of the picture quite synchronize, as
tain their bloom for ages. Of all these artists they do in that of Inness.
Sully was the best. He had some idea of With less grasp of reality than Inness,
tone and much grace of drawing. There is an George Fuller carried the power of sugges-
allegorical picture by Benjamin West notice tion to an even higher degree. He does not go
able for one or two beautiful heads. And quite so far as the old tapestry work described
there is a picture by Washington Allston, by Shakespeare, “And for Achilles' image
“The Deluge," reminiscent of Poussin. It is stood his spear,
stood his spear,” but a full meaning is brought
in the opposite extreme from the cheerfulness out by the slightest means. His “Nydia” is a
of portrait painters -- a wall of gloom, with slender girl with flesh tints lighted by an un-
some scattered driftwood, drowned men, and usual glare, fascinating in her air of expecta-
eel-like serpents on the foreground.
tion. In “And She Was a Witch" a whole
There is apparently nothing then until we drama is brought out in the shadow by half-
come to John Kensett. His “Hudson River'' hinted figure — the richly attired woman
is faithful but prosaic. The “Ægean Sea” shrinking under the trees, the passers-by with
of F. E. Church is pure, ideal landscape. It scornfully averted looks. And this is not
is a trifle theatrical perhaps, indicative of the "literary” painting. Fuller's technique


326
(Nov. 1
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seems to have been self-originated, unless there lights up the figure wonderfully. We are not
is in it a far-off reflection of Rembrandt. so sure about the parrot.
The whole question of "the subject" in Mr. Childe Hassam's picture reveals an in-
painting is brought up by E. A. Abbey's large dividual view of nature — all strong light or
picture “King Lear.” Against the telling of shadow left out, but, as in Corot, the values
stories in paint may be urged the fact that true in their condensed scale.
these stories have to be known or explained. Homer Martin is one of our best land-
A work of art, we may think, ought to be an scapists, and his work with the line of slender
intelligible whole in itself; it ought not to trees recalls Hobbema. It is not pleasant to
have to hang on to some book or tradition or be always noting resemblances, but Mr.
invention foreign to its own resources. It is Thomas W. Dewing's "The Letter" is an
quite certain, however, that, in the great ages Americanized Vermeer. Mr. Frederick W.
of art, painters were best satisfied to tell sto Waugh's two pictures, “The Great Deep” and
ries or illustrate religious or secular themes. “The Roaring Forties,” open-sea paintings of
The mere landscapist or portraitist was of great power, are original enough. So too is
secondary account. And to-day our great Robert MacCameron's "The Daughter's Re-
new school of mural artists paint allegories of turn," which is almost the last word in squalid
their own invention which have to be ex-
realism, but painted with great conviction.
plained. They seem to think that, granting
We now come to the major gods of the col-
the necessary technical equipment, the more
lection, or, first, to one who is at least a Titan.
thought and meaning you can put into a pic The four or five pictures of Winslow Homer,
ture the better. We think that Abbey's work which are hung together, smite the eyes like a
justifies “the subject.” It is rich in tone,
revelation. We cannot say that we have ever
magnificent in pattern, and the attitudes, ges-
seen foam without air in it, as in these white
tures, and faces of the principal figures are
walls and crawling lines of white, but prob-
most expressive and illumining.
ably this simplification is intentional. Asim-
William M. Hunt has two single figure pic- ilar treatment of broken water is given in the
tures which, if we remember rightly, are “Shooting the Rapids” in another room.
designs for one of his wall paintings. These What Homer aimed to render was the force
figures are modelled with remarkable smooth and instantaneousness of water in violent mo-
ness of painting and are intended to show tion. Compare his treatment with that of
clearly at a distance.
Mr. Paul Dougherty in “Surf.” Here the
John La Farge is represented by a beauti foam is piled in soft mounds of snow, sunlight
fully harmonized piece of color, “The Muse smitten, or withdraws in transparent green
of Painting." It gives one somewhat of the lines. Mr. Dougherty gives more facts than
impression of a poem by Keats. That other Homer and they are beautifully assembled,
American colorist, Mr. Albert P. Ryder, has
but the chief facts of all, the fury of the charg.
two small pieces, “The Bridge” and “Smug-
ing sea and the indomitable defence of the
glers’ Cove,'' which, though good, hardly give
rocks, are in Homer's pictures rather than in
the measure of his remarkable talent.
his. Homer's “Gulf Stream” is painted, one
Mr. Theodore Robinson's “Girl and Cow"
may say, in the grand style. There is an accu-
mulation of horrors in it, but it fascinates; it
is very French -- of the "plein-air" school.
Mr. Jonas Lie's “The Conqueror” is a pic- really remarkable picture attaches to the spec-
establishes that invisible tether which every
ture of the Culebra cut, Panama, but as far as
tator, drawing him back to it again and again.
truth to nature is concerned probably more
closely resembles one of the canals in Mars.
Mr. Sargent and Whistler are of course the
trump cards of this American collection, but
It is a purely symbolical picture, as much so
the Museum has not been particularly fortu-
as Mr. Arthur B. Davies's frank allegory
nate in securing first-rate examples of either.
“The Girdle of Ares" on a near wall.
Mr. Sargent's portrait of Mr. William Chase
There is a female study by Mr. Abbot H.
is a brilliant work. The figure bristles with vi-
Thayer of the same type as his “Virgin" and
tality and seems to have been done with a few
the “Woman and Child” in the Boston Mu swirls of the brush. The head of the “Gitana"
seum. A large ideality looks out of his pic-
is profoundly painted, but the rest of the pic-
tures, yet they have an abundance of physical ture is naught. As for the “Hermit'' we con-
life.
fess we give up any attempt to understand it.
Mr. Alphonse Jonglewis's “Louise” strik- The hermit seems to have been flayed and his
ingly recalls Whistler's portrait of Miss Alex- cuticle distributed over the landscape. The
ander. It is not so simple and austere as that picture does not hold together from any point
masterpiece, but we think the beflowered hat 1 of view. It might have been painted in a
ܕܕ


1914]
327
THE DIAL
world where there are four or five different complete in knowledge and dexterity, yet
colored suns whirling above the horizon at somehow failing to impress us with any cen-
once. What sentiment of reverence or irrever tral greatness. The last is a delicate handed
ence inspired the painting of the Hermit him-chemist, who, from the full flasks of older
self, who pops up like an emaciated earthworm masters, Courbet, the Japanese, Rembrandt,
from a hole in the lower corner of the picture, and Velasquez, distilled volatile and vaporous
we shall probably never know.
essences of his own which have magic in them.
Whistler's"Lady of the Yellow Buskin'in
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
Philadelphia is a great picture. His portraits
of his mother and of Carlyle are truth itself,
albeit so quiet and unemphasized. But the
CASUAL COMMENT.
three portraits in the New York Museum are
questionable things. The elimination of the MR. EDWARD CARPENTER'S OPTIMISM, as re-
non-essential was Whistler's guiding rule.vealed in his reply to the recent notable
But flesh and blood are surely essential to good address presented to him on the occasion of his
portrait painting. The "Connie Gilchrist"
The “Connie Gilchrist” seventieth birthday, constitutes a cheering
and the “Henry Irving” are ghosts, graceful refutation of the scriptural assertion that the
and charming ghosts, for whom we may be modicum of strength left to a man after he
grateful, but certainly not human beings. The has reached the three-score-and-ten limit is
M. Duret is alive, though hardly more so than but labor and sorrow. Thinker, social re-
a large tinted photograph would be. Meier- former, poet, author, beloved of our own Walt
Graefe says that this gentleman has no bones Whitman, Mr. Carpenter in no wise disap-
and is held up by his trousers. Whistler is points expectation in the ringing, courageous,
said to have painted it, in a sort of wager high-hearted tone of this memorable utter-
with himself, to show that modern male attire
ance, in the course of which he says: “The
could be made interesting. He compromised,
enormous growth during the past few years of
however, with the lady's cloak which M. Duret democratic and communal thought and or-
is carrying, and which is surely no more a part ganization on the Continent generally is well-
of his personality than a toga or Elizabethan known, and the events of which we are
trunks would be. “Cremorne Garden No. 2??is speaking have suddenly crystallized into that
a company of fashionably attired ghosts taking definite consciousness and into a fresh resolve
the air in some absolutely undefined region. for the future the resolve that never again
It may be objected that we have no right to ask
shall the peoples be plunged in the senseless
an artist for more than he chooses to give us bloodshed of war to suit the ambitions or the
that if we get grace, refinement, charm, as we private interests of ruling classes." Further:
do in all these pictures of Whistler, we ought *The new order thus arriving will largely be
to be satisfied. So we ought, if the artist is
the outcome of those years of work all over
content with the rank which these qualities Europe in which the ideal of a generous com-
give him. But Whistler acclaimed himself,
mon life has been preached and propagated
and has been acclaimed by others, the equal of
as against the sordid and self-seeking com-
the mightiest; and so we have the right to say mercialism of the era that is passing away.'
that, compared with the work of the great men, Significantly autobiographical are these fur-
these particular pictures are mere washed-out ther words from the democratic author and
prettinesses. Nor have we ever been able much
poet, as he chooses to call himself: "If in
to believe in his "Nocturnes." Rembrandt
my small way I have done anything towards
painted not with colors but with the primal the social evolution of which I speak, it is, I
fire and darkness of the world. But he never think, chiefly due to the fact that I was born
allowed his fire to be swallowed up by his in the midst of that commercial era, and that,
darkness. His subject and figures are always consequently, my early days were days of
made out. That anything is made out in
considerable suffering. Coming to my first
Whistler's “Nocturne in Green and Gold,” consciousness, as it were, of the world at the
we very much doubt.
age of sixteen (at Brighton in 1860), I found
Inness, Fuller, Homer, Sargent, and Whis-myself — and without knowing where I was—
tler, these seem to be the high notes in Amer in the middle of that strange period of human
ican painting, at least as revealed in this col- evolution, the Victorian age, which, in some
lection. Poet souls the first two, who on the respects, one now thinks, marked the lowest
dark ages of our art wrought out visions of ebb of modern civilized society: a period in
lasting beauty. A veritable Thor the third, which not only commercialism in public life,
who really does take the kingdom of art by but cant in religion, pure materialism in sci-
violence. The fourth is a wizard of paint, I ence, futility in social conventions, the worship
-
..


328
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
of stocks and shares, the starving of the ing, following hard upon the heels of that
human heart, the denial of the human body freedom of the shelves which has emphasized
and its needs, the huddling concealment of so unmistakably the difference between the
the body in clothes, the 'impure hush' on timid and suspicious library administration of
matters of sex, class-division, contempt of the old days and the fearless and liberal policy
manual labor, and the cruel barring of women of the present. Some libraries, notably that at
from every natural and useful expression of Trenton, New Jersey, lend books practically
their lives, were carried to an extremity of without limit in number to those asking for
folly difficult now for us to realize." Evi- them in good faith and showing a disposition
dently there is little of the laudator temporis not to abuse their privileges. Others, as at
acti in this forward-looking and serenely hope- Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Williamsport,
ful poet and prophet of democracy.
Pennsylvania, are letting down the bars and
relaxing former restrictions in a manner that
speaks well for both the library management
THE LITERATURE OF LITTLE NATIONS need not
itself be small in quantity or inferior in qual Report, Mr. Ö. R. Howard Thomson of the
and the library users. In his seventh annual
ity, as has been proved by many instances,
last-named institution looks back with pardon-
despite the loud assertions of the Bernhardi
school that culture of all kinds flourishes best “Mystically," he says, “seven is the symbol
able complacency on things accomplished.
in States maintaining a vast military estab-
of perfection, and while no library can ever
lishment Mr. James Bryce eloquently es-
expect to attain to the beatitude of that myth-
pouses the cause of the smaller nations in a
ical state, yet the past year having been the
late timely utterance that has gained pub-
one that completed our first cycle of seven, it
licity in the daily press. In the course of his
behooves us to look carefully over that which
remarks he says: “The small States whose
we have done." And a little later, touching
absorption is now threatened have been a po-
on the subject here under consideration, he
tent and useful — perhaps the most potent continues: “The opinion of many librarians
and useful - factor in the advance of civiliza that the restriction of borrowing privileges, to
tion. It is in them and by them that most of two books at one time, exerted an injurious
what is most precious in religion, in philoso- influence on the character of the volumes
phy, in literature, in science, and in art has
drawn for home use, caused the Board to
been produced. ... The Greeks were a small
authorize a change in the rules. Hereafter
people, not united in one great State, but card holders will be permitted to borrow four
scattered over coasts and among hills in petty books, not more than two of which may be
city communities, each with its own life. fiction, at any time on one card. ... That this
Slender in numbers, but eager, versatile, and is a move in the right direction seems almost
intense, they gave us the richest, most varied, certain, for it makes for better service and in
and most stimulating of all literatures. When
addition reduces clerical work.” Whether
poetry and art reappeared after the long emulation in respect to circulation operates
night of the Dark Ages, their most splendid with library officials in allowing this greater
blossoms flowered in the small republics of freedom, one cannot say; but it would be no
Italy.” Our debt to Switzerland, Holland, crime if it were an impelling motive.
and the Scandinavian countries is pointed
out, as also are the achievements of the little
Germany of Goethe's time and the little En POETRY AND PROSPERITY might be thought to
gland of Shakespeare's. Already too great be congenial companions; they go well to-
uniformity has been wrought by the great, gether on the tongue; but the indisputable
dominant powers in a world that was for fact remains that soul-stirring song has seldom
merly so picturesquely varied in its thought been the product of luxurious living, and the
and expression; and any remotest prospect of great poets of the world have not often had
one greedy and grasping nation's being able their residence in Easy Street. “Poets by
arbitrarily to impose its will on greater and their sufferings grow,'
says the author of
greater stretches of territory until the whole “Hudibras,” and Shelley asserts that “most
globe or even any considerable portion of it wretched men are cradled into poetry by
shall be but a visible embodiment of that will, wrong: they learn in suffering what they teach
is too dreary and too abhorrent for contem in song." Keats, Burns, Heine, Leopardi,
plation.
and indeed one might add Dante, Milton, and
Shakespeare, saw far more of the seamy than
BOOKS AD LIBITUM, or unrestricted borrow of the smooth side of life. One may question
ing privileges, seems to be the goal toward whether an unoppressed Poland would ever
which public library practice is now progres have given us a Chopin in music or a Sienkie-


1914)
329
THE DIAL
as
wicz in romance, and whether an independent true German style, making up in zest what
Hungary could have produced the lyrics of was lacking in unison. Intelligent interest in
Petöfi. What poet or composer or other crea the American library display is reported by
tive genius of the first rank has been given to Mr. Koch.
the world by the imperial Germany that was
started on its prosperous course by Bismarck AN ELOQUENT PROTEST against the unim-
and Moltke? Mr. Walter Damrosch uttered a aginable horrors, the incredible anachronism,
significant word the other day when he said: the shameful reproach, of the present war in
"I cannot see that Germany has produced Europe was uttered in verse worthy of the
any great master since the Franco-Prussian theme by Mrs. Caroline Fletcher Dole, mother
War. It is an interesting fact that the pros of the Rev. Dr. Charles Fletcher Dole and Mr.
perity which followed in Germany has not Nathan Haskell Dole, a few weeks before her
bred great genius. You might mention death. Both for its own sake and because it
Brahms, but he came to his maturity before
was written by one who retained her remark-
the war.
Musicians are better paid in Ger able powers up to the verge of a century, we
many than ever before, but they are not pro- | quote the poem's opening stanzas.
ducing the music they once did. That brings
“War! In this year of our Lord !
up the old question of the effect of prosperity
Too late for the barbarous sword,
on art. I do n't pretend to answer it, but I
And deadly missiles of dread,
do say that it is largely to the French school
That lay thousands with the dead;
that I am looking for interesting new music
While widows' and orphans' cries
to-day.” As with the children of Israel when
Ascend to the pitying skies.
brought into a land flowing with milk and
honey, so with mankind in the present day,
“War! Fitting for fiends alone
the tendency after one has waxed fat is to
Where mercy is never shown!
turn unto false gods.
Was man for such fellowship born,
And human life shall he scorn,
While widows' and orphans' tears
IMPRESSIONS OF THE LEIPZIG EXPOSITION,
Flow on through the desolate years?
set forth in attractive style by Mr. Theodore
W. Koch, A. L. A, representative, make some-
"O countries ravaged with war,
what melancholy reading now in view of the
What is this misery for?
abrupt closing, for obvious reasons, of several
Such misery, dire and dread,
All fair prosperity fled!
important sections of that splendid interna-
While sorrow,
and want, and need,
tional exhibition of the book-making arts.
For deepest compassion plead."
Mr. Koch saw the “Ausstellung”.
“Bugra," colloquial abbreviation for
One more of these peculiarly moving stanzas,
“Buch” and “Graphik,” the two subjects of
so haunting and dirge-like in their melody,
first importance in the exposition - in its ear-
pleads for a place here.
lier days, its period of undimmed promise and “ See battlefields filled with slain,
hopefulness; and his official report on its
And hospitals full of pain !
main features and on the A. L. A. Exhibit
Lands left to thistle and thorn,
which he installed in its assigned quarters,
And homes deserted, forlorn -
While terror, grief, and despair,
was published in the Library Journal," from
Fill the sweet ambient air."
which it is now reprinted in separate, illus-
trated form. The interesting and instructive
We have quoted but half of the entire poem,
peculiarities of the Russian, Japanese, En-
all of which is well worthy of reproduction.
glish, and French contributions to the en-
terprise — each nation occupying its own
DISGUISED FRIENDS OF LITERATURE AND ART
characteristic building or pavilion—were des are now energetically engaged, if one may
tined soon to be excluded from view, and the
believe the “Frankfurter Zeitung,” in pre-
most that many of us will ever know about paring the way (with the help of a score or
them is what may be gathered from such re two of army corps) for a better and greater
ports as Mr. Koch's. In bright contrast with literature and art than any that the world has
the clouded closing of this memorable exposi- yet beheld. After deploring the destruction
tion is his account of the “Salamander" with of Rheims cathedral and other venerated
which the students opened their part of the monuments of architecture, and after pointing
show. The King of Saxony presided, there out the criminal folly of resistance to German
were large delegations from student societies arms on the part of cities containing such
or clubs all over Germany, gay with the corps monuments, the above-named journal finds
colors, and “Gaudeamus Igitur” was sung in | balm for its bleeding sensibilities in the
or the
a


330
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
thought that one of the blessed results of the the summer large collections of the newest
present smashing operations of the German books in German, French, Russian, and Polish
war machine will take the form of “works for have been received, and these are being pre-
the joy and fame of the human race more pared for circulation as rapidly as possible.
splendid than the towering churches of the Order lists were also in preparation for sim-
Middle Ages, which have been brought by the ilar purchases of Bohemian and Yiddish
heirs of those who built them into needless books, but the receipt of these will be seriously
peril.”. By the same process of reasoning, the delayed, if not indefinitely postponed by the
Louvain library --- destroyed despite the unsettled conditions in Europe. All importa-
Frankfurt assertion that “by the rules of war tions of books have practically stopped, for
of all civilized nations an unfortified city is the present, and only a few of the European
safer than a fortress” — will be replaced by newspapers and periodicals are being re-
a better in the happy post-bellum days that ceived, and these only irregularly and after
are now nearing their dawn. Elzevirs and much delay. Among other things, this state
Aldines and Caxtons, illuminated missals and of affairs will cause the postponement of the
early manuscript copies of the classics, are to issue of a revised finding list of German
be accounted well lost in return for the more books, which was in progress, but which can-
excellent products of pens only waiting for not be finished until numerous additional vol-
the battle-smoke to clear away before begin umes can be secured to fill gaps, to replace
ning those “works for the joy and fame of the worn-out and obsolete works, and to bring the
human race” which could not have been collection completely up to date. It will be
brought to birth by any gentler accoucheur necessary, also
necessary, also — and mainly for the above-
than the Krupp gun and the incendiary bomb. mentioned reason - to defer the opening of
the Music Room for at least one month from
EUROPEAN APPRECIATION OF AMERICAN LIT-
September first, the date originally fixed."
ERARY TASTE can no longer intoxicate us or
Quicquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.
turn our heads, though it has not ceased to be
gratifying. In a recent utterance ascribed to IN DEFENCE OF NIETZSCHE, to whom the ac-
one of England's foremost living poets occur cusing finger is now so often pointed, an
the words, “America has become far more exculpatory word comes from the newly ar-
than England both the market and the assize rived Sorbonne exchange professor at Har-
of Anglo-Saxon verse"; and further, “The vard. M. Henri Lichtenberger (the Franco-
writer of modern verse must for the future German combination of names is significant)
look to America both for audience and for
teaches German literature at the French
criticism.” So says Mr. Stephen Phillips, if school where he holds a chair, and is said to
he is correctly reported. In these days, when
have carried the study of Nietzsche further
the United States is recognized as holding an than any other French scholar. Sententiously
enviable position among the great powers as characterizing himself as 'extrêmement l'ami
counsellor and mediator, arbiter in heated dis-
de l'esprit allemand, extrêmement l'ennemi de
putes and friend in cases of distress; when, l'empire allemand," he asserts that “it is
too, we are sending exchange professors to the
false to lay the blame on Nietzsche for the
great universities of the Old World, exporting philosophy which has actuated the German
our literary wares as well as our factory prod- military leaders in this war. In fact, it is a
ucts, and taking pride in foreign recognition gross misinterpretation of his philosophy.
of our painters and sculptors, it is difficult to
He did indeed love power, but never the
realize that Sydney Smith once had the appro power of arms, the might of mere territorial
bation of his fellow-countrymen when he de dominion. He loved the power of the mind
livered himself of that oft-quoted taunt: “In and of the soul. Nothing, I think, could have
the four quarters of the globe, who reads an
displeased him more than the late supremacy
American book, or goes to an American play, of the materialistic military party in Ger-
or looks at an American picture or statue?”
many. Thus has it ever been, he believes,
with all the great Germans of genius. So was
A CHECK TO LIBRARY ACTIVITY, as to count it with Goethe. “The empire, das Reich, has
less other kinds of activity, including even the ever been a concept superimposed upon the
official forecast of our weather, is to be fundamentals of German genius." This
charged to the account of the present war in stout apologist of intellectual Germany will
Europe. The monthly “Book Bulletin” of the more readily command our attention by
the Chicago Public Library prints the follow reason of his having two sons now about to
ing, which will strike a responsive chord in enter active service against materialistic and
many other libraries of our land: “During military Germany.


1914]
331
THE
DIAL
BEST-SELLERS OF THE MOMENT indicate, in of the German poet Hofmann von Fallersleben
evitably, what is preoccupying all minds. have felt some indignation at the false mean-
London booksellers and to a great extent | ing so often attached to the refrain of his
their American fellow-tradesmen are reaping famous patriotic song written in 1841, long
golden harvests from the large sales of such before any dream of world-conquest had dis-
timely publications as Dr. Rappoport's turbed the peaceful slumbers of his fellow-
“Brave Belgium,” the sevenpenny selection Teutons. Of course there was then not what
of Emperor William's speeches, letters, and could be called a united Germany, but Fal-
telegrams grouped under the title, “The War lersleben conceived the notion of such a union
Lord,” the two-shilling English version of the some years before the upheavals of 1848 had
renowned Bernhardi's “Germany and the made its advisability apparent to thousands of
Next War,” the equally inexpensive edition others; and so it came about that he wrote his
of Prince von Bülow's "Imperial Germany, “Deutschland, Deutschland ueber Alles," in
Mr. Wile's “Men Around the Kaiser, a new which the context shows clearly enough that
and supplemented edition of the late Emil he was not clamoring for a Germany supreme
Reich's "Germany's Swelled Head," and Sir over all the world, but looking hopefully for-
Robert Baden-Powell's “Quick Training for ward to a Germany extending over all the
War.” There has even sprung up an ephem- territory “from the Maas to the Memel, from
eral crop of war periodicals, to which popular the Etsch to the Belt.” Therefore, whether or
attention willingly turns, and war counters or not his verses have since been used to kindle
tables loaded with martial literature in great zeal in a less worthy cause than that advocated
variety are common in the bookshops. Widely by him, let us at least clear the poet of all
indeed have we departed from the counsel of blame in the matter.
him who bade us "read Homer once, and you
can read no more; for all books else appear
THE LITERARY NEEDS OF A BUSINESS MAN are
so mean, so poor, verse will seem prose; but outlined in no illiberal spirit by the catholic-
still persist to read, and Homer will be all the minded editor of “The Newarker," who sets
books you need."
forth in large print on his first page the obli-
gation resting on the man of commercial pur-
THE LIBRARY'S INTEREST IN THE COMING suits to expand his mind by reading "several
GENERATION is a well-reasoned and legitimate newspapers” — for “thus he studies history
interest; or, at least, so one may venture to while it is being made," and "thus he learns
believe, though not all libraries give such con how business is going," and, lastly, “thus he
clusive evidence of this praiseworthy solici- learns his own town
learns his own town” – two weekly periodi-
tude as does the Grand Rapids Public Library, cals that are named, “the best novels as they
where, as its monthly “Bulletin” announces, appear,” “a good small book on something he
a selected list of books on “Better Babies" is is interested in, by a Man who knows,” the
mailed to every young mother as soon as she best journals of his own calling, and “every-
has become a mother, and thus the circulation thing else." It is plain that Mr. Dana
of works on the rearing of infants is greatly would apply to business men the dictum of
stimulated. Some of these books, we are told, Pleydell in “Guy Mannering” on the subject
are “almost as popular as the latest novel,
of lawyers: “A lawyer without history or
and many copies have to be bought in order literature is a mechanic, a mere working
to supply the demand. Furthermore, “the
mason; if he possesses some knowledge of
Superintendent of Circulation has collected a
these, he may venture to call himself an archi-
series of photographs of babies whose mothers
brought them up on library books." These
AN ALLEVIATION TO THE RIGORS OF CENSOR-
are on exhibition, and it is affirmed that "a
SHIP which now so pitilessly deprive us of full
mere glance at these photographs will convince
and authoritative and prompt news from the
anyone that the mothers who use library books
battle front may be found in the announce-
on this subject know how to raise better
ment, by wireless from Berlin, that the Kaiser
babies."
The list itself is printed in the Sep-has commissioned Herr Rocholl, the German
tember "Bulletin."
painter of battle scenes, to proceed to the
firing line in western Europe and take meas-
A MISINTERPRETED POET has good reason to ures to preserve by his art, for all time, a
desire a correction of the misinterpretation, graphic delineation of the struggles and tri-
and if he himself be no longer living his umphs of the military forces of the Father-
friends will espouse his cause and demand land in their earnest endeavors to disseminate
that justice be done him. Certain compatriots | Teutonic culture throughout Europe.
tect.";


332
[Nov. 1
THE DIAL
The New Books.
may say, as a subject — hinting at what nov-
elists mainly know, one would imagine, as the
determinant thing in it, the idea out of which
ESSAYS ON THE NOVEL.*
it springs.” His ‘appreciation, however, is
To his already considerable and distin-
versatile enough to enjoy Stevenson, or even
guished body of criticism, Mr. Henry James
Mrs. Oliphant versatile enough even to be
now adds another volume of essays written
overcome by the talent of the author of
and published at various intervals during the
“La dame aux Camélias":
last two decades. As the novel is the almost
“I recollect coming out of the Gymnase one
exclusive subject held up for consideration,
night when Madame Pierson had been the Mar-
this volume constitutes a more weighty state-
guerite — this was very long since — and giving
ment than Mr. James has heretofore given us
myself up on the boulevard to a fine critical sense
of what in such a composition was flimsy and
of his conception of his art. The interest
what was false. Somehow, none the less, my fine
attaching to these “notes" is, indeed, very critical sense never prevented my embracing the
largely due to the point of view of the author, next opportunity to expose it to the same irrita-
though, needless to say, the subjects are tion; for I have been, I am happy to think to-day,
sketched with fine insight, with generous a playgoer who, whatever else he may have had on
though discriminating appreciation, with the his conscience, has never had the neglect of any
charm and felicity to which readers of Mr.
chance to see this dramatist acted."
James have so long been accustomed.
But this case is among the rare exceptions.
It seems inevitable that, incidental to his
The essays devoted to žola, Flaubert, Balzac,
career as a novelist, Mr. James should have and George Sand, occasioned by various new
produced a considerable body of criticism : publications throwing new light on their lives
the art of the novel is with him so much an and works, are fascinating examples of the
intellectual matter, so much a manifestation critical and the appreciative working in full
of the critical spirit. We have the habit of
and conscious harmony.
calling his novels, rather crudely, "psycho These novelists, however, are not new mate-
logical”; one meaning appropriately attached rial in the hands of Mr. James. His previous
to this word in this connection is that of the "renderings" of them to a degree take the
state of a creating mind intensely aware of edge off our curiosity regarding these later
itself, shedding over its every operation a essays. But his chapter on “The New Novel”
white light of self-consciousness; his novels, has the interest of a new subject, inasmuch as
as we know, are thoroughly “studied.” And Mr. James has seldom gone out of his way to
nothing could find criticism more congenial disagree with his English and American con-
than this combination of intellectual curiosity temporaries. This essay begins with a discus-
with reflection. Criticism, moreover, to minds sion of “our contemporary flood” and the ab-
of his type, is not a diversion, but an inevita sence in England and America of sufficient
ble mental process, a necessary part of appre critical activity to check it or improve its
ciation:
quality. At the forefront among the practi-
“ The effect, if not the prime office, of criticism
tioners of the “new novel” he places Mr.
is to make our absorption and our enjoyment of
Wells and Mr. Bennett, who are thus grouped
the things that feed the mind as aware of itself as together “for the simple reason that with the
possible, since that awareness quickens the mental sharpest differences of character and range
demand, which thus in turn wanders further and they yet come together under our so con-
further for pasture. This action on the part of
venient measure of value by saturation."
the mind practically amounts to a reaching out for
Saturation, as readers of Mr. James will re-
the reasons of its interest, as only by its so ascer-
taining them can the interest grow more various.
member, is the first part of his artistic creed:
This is the very education of our imaginative life;
the novelist must observe, notebook in hand.
and thanks to it the general question of how to
the life he wishes to paint; he must observe
refine, and of why certain things refine more and
so thoroughly that he first knows as life every-
most, on that happy consciousness, becomes for us thing he puts into his novel; "to be saturated
of the last importance."
is to be documented." This state of satura-
For such criticism, the more reflective nov-
tion is the highest value he finds in these two
elist provides better material, a more definite
novelists. What they lack is “the centre of
"case, than he who works mainly through
orks mainly through interest,” “the sense of the whole,” the opera-
feeling and instinct. Mr. James, in reading
tion of any selective or arranging principle.
the letters of Stevenson, notes in them "no
A “slice of life" is not an adequate formula
instance of his expressing a subject, as one
for a work of art; Mr. James opposes to it the
conception of the extract,”-a chemical proc-
NOTES ON NOVELISTS, with Some Other Notes By Henry
ess, not a mechanical. His concern over these
ܕ ܕ
James.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


1914]
333
THE DIAL
novelists is thus confined to their treatment of pens to serve it.” It is of course provincial
their subjects. Mrs. Wharton, too, has clearly to disagree with this conclusion, and yet one
a saturation, but she is also, with Mr. Gals feels that it is not the last word. George
worthy and Mr. Hewlett, a votary of selec Sand perhaps kept her personality a delight-
tion and intention, an embodiment “of some ful spectacle, but she must have been partly
state over and above that simple state of blind to her own essential nature. Was she
possession of much evidence, that confused ever a reflective moralist? Was she a spec-
conception of what the 'slice of life' must con tacle, only, even to herself?
sist of” characteristic of the work of Mr. Such questions, we know, go beyond Mr.
Wells and Mr. Bennett.
James's conception of criticism. As one reads
It will of course be noticed that these are this pleasant volume one feels that, though full
not questions of aim but of method. Mr. of thought, it is not from the study; that,
James does not concern himself with the though charming in manner, it is not of the
choice of subject made by an author:
salon. It comes from the artist's studio, full
“ His subject is what is given him — given him
of shop talk about methods and processes.
by influences, by a process, with which we have Even his appreciation is that of a fellow-
nothing to do; since what art, what revelation, can worker, always conscious of the problems of
ever really make such a mystery, such a passage in composition. But even though it is so thor-
the private life of the intellect, adequately trace oughly “professional,” the quality of mind
able for us? His treatment of it, on the other of the critic, as of the novelist, measures the
hand, is what he actively gives; and it is with what
value and interest of the completed product.
he gives that we are critically concerned."
And whatever Mr. James writes is certain to
Mr. James protests against the restriction show fine perception, exact and delicate ren-
placed upon the English and American nov dering, and a most earnest curiosity regarding
elist by the presence of the “young person" his art.
LOUIS I. BREDVOLD.
in his audience. The unfettered novelist can
ask only one question of his material: Is it,
or is it not, of the stuff of life? Whenever
Mr. James deals with what would seem to be
A HUMANIZED KANT.*
the question of the moral responsibility of the
dispenser of fiction, as in his essays on the
Mr. Houston Stewart Chamberlain achieved
Italians, D'Annunzio and Matilde Serao, this celebrity in his adopted land of Germany
question merely resolves itself into questions
some fifteen years ago by his book entitled
of truth and of taste, which to him are ques-
“The Foundations of the Nineteenth Cen-
tions of artistic method. He handles ethical tury,” which has more recently become known
problems with gloves, does not come into di-
to American readers. This present work on
rect contact with them, avoids the danger of
Kant was first undertaken by him in the form
a disconcerting charge. Thus the eroticism of
of lectures to an intimate circle of acquaint-
D'Annunzio is vulgar, that of Matilde Serao
ances and, at the urgent request of these, was
is serious where it should have been comic;
published some years later (1905). The au-
given the proper tone, style, treatment, the
thorized translation by Lord Redesdale, which
odious effect would disappear. This point of has just appeared, has been revised by Mr.
view leads him to a more debatable conclu-
Chamberlain himself.
sion in his essays on George Sand. As a nov-
We have the authority of Lord Redesdale
elist she is too sentimental and spontaneous
for the statement that the author regards this
to receive high rank from Mr. James; but he
as the most important of his works. Mr.
finds in her “a supreme case of the successful Chamberlain, though by training a natural
practice of life.” This woman who so easily scientist, has from the outset been interested
turned her own experiences with her lovers in the problem of cognition and has endeav-
into “copy,” who so easily recovered herself ored to work his way toward a complete
in the presence of every disagreeable sit- Weltanschauung. Science, he realizes, has
uation, even when she herself was mainly developed in violent opposition to philosophy,
responsible for it, who made all her heart which has for the most part been inadequately
breaking experiences contribute to her own based on experience. Where the scientists
development, this woman is a fine example of have taken the matter in hand themselves,
the efficacy of tone and style to save. She is they have yielded us but the poor stammer.
a “sister to Goethe.” The “last word” about ings of an Ostwald or a Haeckel. Mr. Cham-
her is “that there is nothing for grand final berlain believes that Kant is our only safe
rightness like a sufficiently general humanity IMMANUEL KANT. By Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
Translated from the German by Lord Redesdale. In two vol-
- when a particularly beautiful voice hap-
With portraits. New York: John Lane Co.
umes.


334
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
guide. His object in this book is not to give into first causes nor sought for a final princi-
us an exhaustive treatise on Kant's philoso- ple. Both insisted upon the imperative neces-
phy, indeed, not so much to explain the sity of seeing everything with the eye and of
thoughts of the thinker as the way he arrived posing the question of cognition critically.
at those thoughts. Other books on Kant have What Plato knew, Kant proved. But Plato
been technical and have attacked the subject expressed his intuitions poetically and by
from an abstract point of view. Mr. Cham means of parables, while Kant struggled clum-
berlain speaks as a layman to laymen. In a sily with the abstract jargon which he had
word, he would humanize Kant. Believing been obliged to adopt from the language of
that we gain our clearest illumination from the schools. Hence the apparent chasm of
points of difference, he chooses the compara divergence between the two thinkers. Yet
tive method of approaching the problem. In even Plato's much misunderstood doctrine of
successive chapters he discusses the methods ideas is a figurative adumbration of Kant's
used by Goethe, Leonardo da Vinci, Descartes, proof of the necessary conditions of expe-
Giordano Bruno, and Plato in arriving at rience. When Plato says that a dog is not a
their philosophies of life. This sovereign dis- dog until the idea “dog” has stamped it as
regard of chronology is amply justified in the such, he is only stating concretely Kant's
elaboration of the author's scheme. Each of proposition that perceptions without concep-
the chapters contains an excursus on some tions are blind. It is Kant's unrivalled
particular point at issue, such as the doctrine achievement that he demonstrated from the
of metamorphosis in connection with Goethe, nature of our minds the essential categories
or the essence of life in the chapter on Plato. of all experience.
This scientific analysis
The final and longest chapter is then devoted rather than the positing of a Ding-an-sich (or
to Kant's attitude toward the fundamental the official vindication of God, freedom, and
questions of science and religion. By all odds immortality) has given him, in the opinion of
the most illuminating of the comparisons are our author, his unique position in the history
those with Goethe and Plato. The relation of of thought. Kant looked upon God, not as a
Goethe to Kant has, so Mr. Chamberlain beginning but as an end, not as primary cause
thinks, been deliberately ignored by the for but as aim. The existence of free-will follows
mer's biographers, who have been in part re as a natural inference from the established
sponsible for the perpetuation of the legend fact of our moral nature.
fact of our moral nature. No attempt has
of the “unphilosophical” Goethe. It is true been made by Mr. Chamberlain to meet the
that in Kant thinking predominated abnor- modern argument that the evolution of morals
mally over seeing, whereas the eye was the has upset Kant's doctrine of a categorical
centre of Goethe's intellectual life. The lat- imperative.
ter's thinking aimed to be concrete and to be The reader is never left in doubt for a
drawn exclusively from visibility. Where he moment as to Mr. Chamberlain's own attitude
did not follow this method rigorously, he toward these and sundry other problems.
failed, as in the “Metamorphosis of Plants” Dualism is, in his opinion, no theory but a
that uncritical jumble of idea and experience fact; all monism is simply false. Attempts
which brought down upon his head the just to seek unity behind duality are therefore ut-
reproof of Schiller. On the other hand, his terly vain. Our perverse inclinations toward
“Doctrine of Color” is pure perception and is monistic systems he ascribes to the cabalistic
based wholly on empirical observations; for puerility of attaching special significance to
Mr. Chamberlain is willing to assert in the the number One, as if it were not of the
teeth of the physicists the validity of Goethe's essence of unity to presuppose plurality -
main thesis in that work, which, he complains, component parts. The author's disparage-
no man can now be induced to read. Kant, on ment of Spinoza, whom he regards as the
the whole, was far more jealous of the rights enemy of all living perception, is thus readily
of experience as against idea than Goethe. He understood. Readers who are familiar with
never tired of repeating that outside expe “The Foundations of the Nineteenth Cen-
rience no evidence of the truth was to be tury” will recognize other favorite opinions
found. He was indeed, our author thinks, the of Mr. Chamberlain, notably his disbelief in
only strict philosopher of experience known the hypothesis of biological evolution, which
to the history of human thought. Plato alone seems to him to be “an idea, not an expe-
is worthy of being mentioned beside him. The rience.” He attacks trenchantly the current
surprising juxtaposition of these two names notions of progress with which childish minds
is justified by Mr. Chamberlain on many have intoxicated themselves. Every so-called
scores. Like Kant, Plato's prime care was for progress of civilization, he asserts, puts new
moral well-being. Neither philosopher delved weapons into the hands of those who would


1914]
335
THE DIAL
suppress the dignity of man.
Almost every-
PUER,- PATER HOMINIS.*
thing in modern life tends to make us less able
to see and to think. Civilization is daily
Reading Dr. Mangold's admirable textbook
threatening to fall back into barbarism,- an
on "Problems of Child Welfare,!' we keenly
ominous utterance in view of the events in
regret one thing, and that is the date of the
Europe during the last three months. The work. What a pity it is that this text was not
author's point of view, it will be observed, is
in existence, and courses based on it being
intellectual, aristocratic, and astringent. He
given, years ago! The treatment of the
is an individualist whose lack of democratic
various topics is not particularly original, it is
sympathies may be measured by his assertion even in places a little patchy and inconsistent,
that the whole philosophy of socialism can be
owing to the incorporation of data from mis-
compressed into the words: “ôte-toi de là que
cellaneous sources; but the book covers a
je m'y mette. As against all such external
great field, and, in spite of being condensed, is
nostrums, Kant reinforces Christ's teaching readable and interesting. In his Preface, Dr.
of the Kingdom of Heaven within us by show-
Mangold notes that “The book is designed
ing that man cannot be made happy without
especially for use by college and university
first being made moral and wise.
students in courses on constructive and pre-
The author is an independent, original
ventive philanthropy. However, the general
thinker, and a persuasive writer. He has ac-
reader has not been forgotten, and it is hoped
complished the improbable by furnishing a
that the book will appeal to that growing class
popular, human approach to Kant in two
of men and women who in a systematic way
stout, closely packed volumes. One cannot,
are endeavoring to acquaint themselves with
for example, resist the eloquence of the con-
the various aspects of practical sociology.
cluding pages, where the Kantian standpoint
To this modest estimate of the book's sphere
is urged as the indispensable basis for all
of influence we would make some additions.
future culture. But besides driving home his
What mother or father, for example, would
main arguments, Mr. Chamberlain gives the not profit by the perusal of an up-to-date sum-
reader abundant intellectual stimulus of the mary of the sociology of childhood! There
incidental sort. The occasional audacity of
are many sources of information, of course,
his opinions is matched by the plausibility of þut practically these are mainly closed to
his presentation. His obiter dicta musť in- busy and often isolated people, to whom a
deed be received with much reserve. It should
condensed abstract is a necessity. What bet-
not be forgotten that the central thesis of ter text could be found for the year's work of
"The Foundations of the Nineteenth Cen a woman's club? What about the numerous
tury” has been strongly controverted by the city officials, whose training has usually been
ethnological experts, though the manifold sug-
manifold sug- entirely too narrow to enable them to deal
gestiveness of that work can hardly be gain- intelligently with the problems before them?
said. In such matters we laymen must simply And finally, why should not the college course
take the word of the specialist and accept, at
on child-welfare become one of the great
least tentatively, the orthodox view, no matter
standard courses, instead of a side issue for
how brilliantly the heresy may be urged. those supposed to be philanthropically in-
Mr. Chamberlain is an accomplished Ger-
clined !
man stylist. The translation is on the whole
There is no doubt that practical sociology,
extraordinarily well done, though of necessity
the science and art of living together, is rap-
much of the savor of the original has been idly gaining favor, but it must not be left to
lost. However picturesque such a phrase as
haphazard progress. It is altogether too easy
"carrying owls to Athens" may be, it inevita for the energy of great movements to flow into
bly suggests the foreign idiom, while a sen blind alleys, or to beat vainly against insuper-
tence like “Out of the chaos of chemistry able obstacles. Dr. Mangold's work may well
Ostwald has known how to construct a per-
serve to point out the numerous and important
spicuous erection” is downright barbarous. avenues for advance and the difficulties in the
But such lapses are rare. Greater care should way. It will especially tend to give the reader
have been exercised in the proof-reading of
a broad outlook, so that he will not see in
the French and German titles, where many
some single reform the sole promise of good.
mistakes have crept in.
The universities ought to lead in all this en-
WILLIAM KILBORNE STEWART.
deavor, but long experience suggests that they
* PROBLEMS OF CHILD WELFARE. By George B. Mangold.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
JUVENILE COURTS AND PROBATION. By Bernard Flexner and
Professor A. Aliotta's book, “The Idealistio Roger N. Baldwin. New York: The Century Co.
Reaction against Science,” is shortly to appear in
CHILDREN IN BONDAGE. By Edwin Markham, Benjamin B.
Lindsey, and George Creel; with an Introduction by Owen R.
an English translation.
Lovejoy. New York: Hearst's International Library Co.


336
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
need pressure from outside to stimulate their studied or helped without reference to his
progressive activities. It would be a practical environment, and the family engages the at-
and beneficent plan to raise funds to endow tention of the court. The family is part of
chairs for 'the exposition of child-welfare the social group, so the circle continually
problems; but should this be done, it would be widens, until every reader of these lines finds
necessary to see that the appointees were peo himself in some measure called to account. As
ple who believed in doing things, not merely a philosophical or academic proposition, all
talking about them, and that the college or this has been clear from the start, but the
ganizations did not make it difficult for stu interesting thing is that the realization of it is
dents to take the courses.
more and more guiding the activities of those
It is not practicable to review the details of who have to deal with juvenile delinquency.
Dr. Mangold's book, but we must call atten There has been and is much objection in va-
tion to the legitimate satisfaction and hope to rious quarters to this wholesale answer to the
be derived from the evidences of social gains. question of Cain, and every advantage has
Perhaps the most striking case is that of the been taken of such imperfections as existed in
reduction of infant mortality in recent years. the armor of the reformers; but after all, aside
“The states for which continuous records for from questions of personalities or particular
12 years are available indicate a decline in the methods, the new outlook is absolutely wise
infant death rate of nearly one-fourth, while
and necessary.
the mortality under five has decreased even The great growth of the probation system
more rapidly." Some have feared that the has resulted from the enlarged point of view.
saving of infants would merely preserve weak- At first, it was merely a question of obliging
lings, who would succumb a little later; but the delinquents to live up to the rulings of
the statistics show a steady gain even in later the court. By degrees the probation officers
years, thus a decline of 26 per cent from 10 to ceased to be merely policemen, and became
14 years. Those who have worked as reform- virtually guardians of the young people. So
ers during the last two or three decades have we are given this definition: “Probation is an
often felt discouraged, while the mass of the intimate, personal relation which deals with
population, not seeing anything extraordinary all the factors of a child's life, particularly
happen, have been inclined to ignore or de his home. Its chief function is to adjust the
spise the efforts of enthusiasts. We now have forces of the community to the child's life.
data to show how great the success has really Every social agency is called into play, the
been, and to point the moral that social re object being to surround the child with a net-
form in its most beneficent phases does not work of favorable influences which will enable
necessarily appear dramatic or attract the at him to maintain normal habits of life.” Con-
tention of the careless.
sequently, the probation officer should be
The volume on “Juvenile Courts and Proba temperamentally suited to the work and ade-
tion” is really the report of a special committee quately trained. The tendency is to keep
appointed by the National Probation Associa more and more cases out of court altogether,
tion; and while the text has been prepared by dealing with them in the homes. S At first
two members of that committee, it expresses
sight, it seems almost grotesque that a few pro-
the views of the others, the whole being highly bation officers should attempt to influence the
representative of the juvenile court move ways of a great city; but there are other
ment. The report takes up the laws governing agencies with which they may coöperate, while
the courts, the organization and procedure of the intelligent treatment of a few cases may
the courts, the probation problem, and gives indirectly affect a multitude. The report in-
various outlines for reports and statistics, as sists upon the value of statistics, but justly
well as forms of all kinds. It is thus a suffi- re
remarks that "it requires a long and careful
ciently complete guide for those initiating study of any extensive group of statistics to
this type of work in new localities, and for the interpret correctly their significance to the
general public it will serve as an exposition of community. ... Too often we find statistics
methods and aims. It is extremely interesting complete in themselves, but almost valueless
to follow the evolution of the work. Origi- because they are not properly interpreted.”'
nally, the courts considered only the crime The present reviewer, recently investigating
itself, for which, upon conviction, a certain the statistical results accumulated by the
punishment was legal. The juvenile courts Juvenile Court at Denver, was astonished to
considered not only the crime, but the boy or find how misleading the most carefully gath-
girl, the problem being to reform and renovate ered data may be, unless judged and inter-
the individual. It has become apparent, how-preted by those actually engaged in the work.
ever, that the child cannot be intelligently | Thus, the increasing skill of the probation offi-


1914)
337
THE DIAL
cers tends to diminish the number of cases
IMMIGRANTS, PAST AND PRESENT.*
treated in the court, and therefore entered in
the records, without any reference to a dimin Many Americans have had their confidence
ution in the number of offences. The cases in America's powers of assimilation rudely
involving girls are mostly dealt with by a spe disturbed since the outbreak of the war in
cial officer, and do not appear in the records. Europe by the unexpected appearance among
The comparatively small number of cases in us of thousands of persons of European birth
which the father is living, but the mother is or parentage whose sympathies appear to be
dead Xas compared with those in which the wholly at odds with those of our own institu-
mother is living but the father is dead, is ex tions and enormously in favor of military
plained by the fact that in the former case the despots and despotism. Though Professor
children are generally sent to the orphan asy Ross's book, "The Old World in the New,
lum. The practically negligible offences of was written and in part serially published be-
Russian children are not wholly to be ex-
fore the war stunned us, it will be to those
plained by the good behavior of that race, be- chapters in which he discusses the adaptabil-
cause many Russians are classed as Hebrews, ity to our institutions possessed by the various
and so appear in the statistics. However, the
nations contributing to our population in re-
large number of offences by children of Amer cent years that the puzzled American will
ican parents remains somewhat surprising, most eagerly turn.
and suggests the inquiry whether after all the
It seems doubtful whether his book could
tendency to make trouble under conditions
have obtained as good a hearing before the
which offer little legitimate outlet for surplus fact that we have so many among us whom
activities is not to some extent an indication of
we have failed to assimilate nationally was
His Preface sets
qualities which under other circumstances
brought patently home.
would be socially valuable. Thus we come to
forth that incorrigible optimism of ours which
will not see a threat to America but only a
the old question of nature and nurture, which
must be ever in the mind of the juvenile - unless the newcomer chances to have a
promise to the Old World in those who come
court. We venture to suggest that the court
officials and especially the probation officers
complection different from ours, when we
sometimes see more of a threat than exists.
would do well to make some study of the re-
This is highly altruistic, but it is not in the
cent results of students of heredity, which least hard-headed or common-sensible. The
would certainly illuminate every phase of conclusion of the war now waging, when it
their work. It would probably be easy, in does come to an end, will see myriads of folk
many cities, to arrange for courses of lectures from the devastated regions knocking at our
by members of university faculties who had
gates, as has happened in times past.
given special attention to these matters. The Whether our altruism will stand the test and
greatest obstacle, at present, seems to be the our optimism come triumphantly through
high pressure under which the work is done, such an invasion is rather beside the ques-
leaving neither time nor strength for anything tions raised in this thorough-going volume:
outside of the routine duty of the day.
the point is whether we are to hand down to
“Children in Bondage” is a vigorous pro our own children an impaired heritage or not.
test against the wrongs inflicted on children Professor Ross thinks we are doomed to, and
by commercial interests, and will appeal to he thought so before the contingency of war
many who have neither the industry nor the arose to add force to his warnings.
patience to go through works of the type just The earlier portion of the book is devoted
reviewed. The authors are not afraid to hit to a consideration of the original composition
hard in a good cause, and we know that their of the people of these States. He begins with
blows are taking effect.
the first settlement, that of Virginia. Here
T. D. A. COCKERELL. begins, too, that series of frank and out-
spoken criticisms of immigrants and their an-
cestors, which would effectually stifle any
Mr. John Masefield's new volume of poems, aspirations for an elective office the author
“ Philip the King,"
;" contains, in addition to the
might cherish. Here is his characterization of
brief drama in verse which furnishes the title, a
number of poems already familiar to magazine
the elements that have gone to build up the
readers. Among these are “ Biography," " Ships,"
Old Dominion:
and the war poem entitled “August, 1914.” The
“ The exodus of noble Cavaliers' to Virginia
volume is already published in England but no
The Significance of Past
announcement of the American edition has yet and Present Immigration to the American People. By Ed-
Illustrated with many photographs.
been received.
New York: The Century Co.
* THE OLD WORLD IN THE NEW.
ward Alsworth Ross.


338
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
is a myth; for it is now generally admitted that messages of reassurance, but not enough to
the aristocracy of eighteenth-century Virginia leave any thinking person comfortable about
sprang chiefly from 'members of the country gen the future. It is more than a little alarming
try, merchants and tradesmen and their sons and
relatives, and occasionally a minister, a physician,
that the American people, as fecund as any
a lawyer, or a captain in the merchant service,'
on earth up to the very moment of the com-
fleeing political troubles at home or tempted by the ing of the foreigner in 1830, should utterly
fortunes to be made in tobacco. Less promising fail to maintain their older birth-rate in his
was the broad substratum that sustained the pros presence. This statement of it, as Francis
perity of the colony. For fifty years indentured Amasa Walker pointed out years ago, is to
servants were coming in at the rate from a thou-
be taken with complete literalness :
sand to sixteen hundred a year. . . . The slums
and alleys were raked for material to stock the
“Not only did the decline in the native element,
plantations. Hard-hearted men sold dependent
as a whole, take place in singular correspondence
kinsfolk to serve in the colonies. Kidnappers
with the excess of foreign arrivals, but it occurred
smuggled over boys and girls gathered from the
chiefly in just those regions to which those new-
streets of London and Bristol. .. American
comers most frequently resorted."
scholars are coming to accept the British estimate Professor Ross does not elaborate; but it
that about 50,000 convicts were marketed on this has been shown time and again that if a
side the water."
homogeneous American community, seeking
After a sufficient survey of the constituents the establishment of factories for the sake of
of our colonial and pre-constitutional popula- ''progress,” takes into its midst a population
tion, the Huguenots, Germans, and Scotch-
of foreign operatives, the birth-rate of the
Irish, Professor Ross passes to the great waves community as a whole maintains itself, but
that have incorporated themselves in our body only because it is kept up by the superior
politic during the nineteenth and twentieth fecundity of the immigrant.
centuries: the Irish, driven here by British
It is in this last chapter that a broad dis-
misgovernment and famine; the Germans flee-
tinction is outlined, separating into groups,
ing from the tyranny of Hohenzollerns and
colonial and national, those who have been
other despots, and more recently driven by making the American people of the past and
economic pressure; the Scandinavians, seek-
are going to make the Americans of the fu-
ing betterment of home conditions; the Ital-
ture. Those above the norm or average of
ians, the Slavs, the Hebrews from eastern
the countries whence they came are called
Europe; and thereafter the lesser groups,
"super-representative,” those below it "sub-
Finns, Magyars, Portuguese, Greeks, and
Levantines. In each case the actual contribu- representative,” and the rest merely “repre-
sentative":
tion of such groups is carefully, impartially,
and fearlessly considered; their powers of
"Super-representative: English Pilgrims, Puri-
self-government and of absorption of Amer-
tans, Quakers, Catholics, Scotch Covenanters,
French Huguenots, German sectaries.
ican ideals are weighed, and their contribu-
tions for good and ill to criminality, delin- land, and the Carolinas, Scotch-Irish, Scotch High-
“Representative: English of Virginia, Mary-
quency, pauperism, insanity, are viewed in landers, Dutch, and Swedes.
the light of the available statistics.
“Sub-representative: English of early Georgia,
To set forth the topics discussed which transported English, eighteenth-century Germans.
should interest every lover of his country “In our national period the Germans of 1848
would be to rewrite the book, for there is no stand out as a super-representative flow. The
Irish stream has
page of it negligible. A chapter is devoted to
been representative, as was also
the “Economic Consequences of Immigra-
the early German migration. The German inflow
tion," and it is not a narrative of sunshine
since 1870 has brought us very few of the élite of
their people, and I have already given reasons for
and hope. Another deals with the “Social
believing that the Scandinavian stream is not alto-
Effects of Immigration,” and this ought to
gether representative. Our immigration from
jar us out of national self-complacency, if we Great Britain has distinctly fallen off in grade
can be so jarred. That taking up the prob-
That taking up the prob- since the chances in America came to be less attrac-
lem of “Immigrants in Politics" does not tive than those in the British empire. However,
touch the question of Americans as bribers no less an authority than Sir Richard Cartwright
and immigrants as the bribed, or that of the
thinks that between 1866 and 1896 one-third at
swamping of American radicalism by inher least of the whole male population of Canada be-
ited European conservatism, but it does deal
tween the ages of twenty and forty found their
with the even more important problem pre-
way to the United States, and this included an
immense percentage of the most intelligent and
sented by thousands of voteless workers.
adventurous.'
The concluding chapter on “American
“Europe (now] retains most of her brains, but
Blood and Immigrant Blood" contains some sends multitudes of the common and the sub-


1914]
339
THE DIAL
common.
There is little sign of an intellectual contribution to the New England Theology,
element among the Magyars, Russians, South the establishment of the American Episcopal
Slavs, Italians, Greeks, or Portuguese. This does Church, her part in the missionary movement
not hold, however, for currents created by race which began in 1806, and the training afforded
discrimination or oppression. The Armenian, by the Yale Divinity School are represented
Syrian, Finnish, and Russo-Hebrew streams seem
by biographical studies of such divines as
representative, and the first wave of Hebrews out
of Russia in the eighties was superior.
Jonathan Edwards, Samuel Seabury, David
The
Slovaks, German Poles, Lithuanians, Esthonians,
Brainerd, and Nathaniel William Taylor.
and other restive subject groups probably send us
The second chapter, devoted to authors, is of
a fair sample of their quality."
course a meagre list in comparison with what
A little earlier the later immigration has
Harvard could present. Mr. Stokes points out
that his Alma Mater has been conspicuous for
been stated to be unfit to maintain our
American standards, however it may conform fortiter in re rather than for suaviter in modo,
and proceeds candidly enough:
to those of the country whence it flows. “The
blood now being injected into the veins of
“As far back as 1768, President Stiles referred
to English composition as a thing in which we
our people is sub-common," Professor Ross
Yalensians do not pretend to excel, and somewhat
observes. “To one accustomed to the aspect more than two generations later, the ‘Lit.' had this
of the normal American population, the Cali criticism: 'In stout, manly intellect, in acute,
ban type shows up with a frequency that is analytic discrimination, in clear, sound judgment,
startling.” As a result he believes that our in a pure, elevated taste, in energy and activity of
national types of beauty must suffer.
He 1 mind, Yale has acknowledged no superior, and but
does not tell how much the newcomers have
one rival, in America. We are sorry we cannot
debased our English speech.
say as much for purity, beauty, and classic ele-
The book offers no scheme of protection
gance of style."
against the ills it proves are threatening us,
The chief biographies that follow are those
and no panacea for those which heedlessness
of John Trumbull, Joel Barlow, Fenimore
has already brought us. But it is a book Cooper, N. P. Willis, Donald G. Mitchell, and
which should be read. We Americans of the
Edmund Clarence Stedman,
older stock have little first-hand knowledge of
The third division is that of “Educational
the facts it relates, and must be content to Leaders.” In this field Yale takes high rank.
take them second-hand. In any event, the im-
One hundred and fifty-seven of her graduates
portant thing is to know them.
have been college presidents, and in educa-
either refuse or accept further immigration,
tional pioneering her achievement has been
But to continue stupidly to ignore the prob- surpassed by only one university. The biog-
lem of immigration is neither humanitarian raphies in this group include Jonathan Dick-
nor patriotic.
inson, first President of Princeton College;
WALLACE RICE.
Samuel Johnson, first President of King's
(now Columbia) College; Eleazar Wheelock,
GRADUATES OF YALE.*
founder and first President of Dartmouth Col-
The Reverend Anson Phelps Stokes's hobby of Johns Hopkins University. In the next,
lege; and Daniel Coit Gilman, first President
of collecting autograph letters of eminent
“Yalensians” has had a happy issue in two
and closely related, division of scholars, there
are few of first-rate importance. The lexicog-
impressively printed and bound quarto vol-
umes containing biographical sketches of raphers Webster and Worcester are included
here.
seventy-nine Yale men, together with briefer
Next are “Men of Science” — Silliman,
notes on a number of others of subordinate
James Dwight Dana, Samuel William John-
importance. The names were selected from
the latest (1910) edition of the quinquennial
son, etc. Then come “Inventors and Artists'
- a somewhat odd combination despite the
catalogue; those now living, and those who
author's remark that the “faculty of the
have died since the publication of the cata-
logue, have been omitted from consideration. imagination is at the basis of both” – in-
The arrangement is according to the field of cluding Eli Whitney and Samuel F. B. Morse.
Of statesmen, Yale has had a large repre-
activity in which each man was most noted.
sentation — sixty-two United States senators,
Foremost is that of religion, at least if one
twenty members of the Cabinet, twenty-eight
surveys the long stretch from the foundation
ambassadors and ministers, forty-seven gov-
of Yale College “for upholding & Propagating
of the Christian Protestant Religion." Yale's
ernors of states. Mr. Stokes presents a di-
verting list, beginning with Mr. Taft as presi-
* MEMORIALS OF EMINENT YALE MEN. By Anson Phelps dent and Calhoun as vice-president, to prove
Stokes. In two volumes. Illustrated in photogravure. New
that “it would be possible to make up an
We may
Haven: Yale University Press.


340
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
> >
almost complete federal government from
RECENT FICTION.*
Yale men who, at different times, have held
An unusual personality offers tempting
the most important positions. The roll of
material to the novelist, and a tempting prob-
fame is concluded by the "Lawyers and
lem, also. But the occasions on which a nov-
Jurists," and "Patriots and Soldiers."
elist has made really successful use of a
There are also supplementary chapters on
great, or even a well-known, man as a hero
“Historical Factors of Influence at Yale"
are conspicuously few. What a multitude of
(which are “study, religion, inspiring teach-
bad novels have been written about a figure
ers, and association with men'); "Common
like Napoleon! George Meredith took excel-
Characteristics of Most Eminent Yale Men” lent advantage of the opportunity offered by
(the Yale ideal socially “expresses itself in the case of Ferdinand Lassalle, but Mr. Mau-
democracy, spiritually in faith, intellectually rice Hewlett wrote one of his least satisfac-
in conservatism, and morally in constructive tory novels about Byron. It would seem to
activity'); and “Historic Universities in a be a rule that the experiment of taking an
Democracy" (reprinted from “The Yale Re actual personage for a hero is dangerous,
view,” July, 1913). The appendices name the other things being equal, in proportion as the
most distinguished Yale graduates according personage chosen is truly impressive in his
to the states of the Union in which they lived, historical character. The less familiar the
and according to the Yale classes with which original is to readers of novels the less likely
they graduated. There is a full index. they are to object to the imitation.
Although the book will be of most value to
Mrs. de Sélincourt furnishes in "The
Yale graduates — to such, indeed, it will
Encounter" an excellent illustration of the
prove a useful and inspiring work it ought difficulty which attaches to presenting a
to command a more general interest as well.
much-discussed personality in a novel. For
It is true that many of the “major biog-
her hero is no less a person than Friedrich
Nietzsche. Perhaps no man so recently living
raphies’ (such as those of Edwards and
is the subject of as sharp difference of opinion
Cooper) seem rather purposeless, just because
the men commemorated are eminent and have
among educated persons as he. There are
those who find in Nietzsche's writings the
often been written about; and it is also true
stimulus and the consolation which their
that the minor biographies often deal with
grandfathers found in the Bible; there are
men relatively obscure, and so do not always those who regard his books as the very centre
justify themselves. On the