other hand, one
and cause of the most dangerous tendency in
should note that in all the biographies the
modern thought and conduct, and there are
college life of the men has been stressed par-
those who regard the interest in him as an
ticularly, and that the biographies include inexplicable mystery. Naturally, no repre-
letters, reference to portraits, busts, and win-sentation of him in a novel will please more
dows in Yale buildings and to Yale lecture than one section of this triply, and rather
ships and scholarships, and a few words evenly, divided public. Mrs. de Sélincourt's
regarding the chief writings by and on the view of Nietzsche is ironic. The spectacle
men whose lives are sketched. Moreover, it is of so weak a man making such fierce and
a great advantage to have all of the lives in such large demands on life arouses in her the
one well-rounded work, which may be used for spirit of comedy which is so intimately con-
reference as well as for insight into Yale life nected with her skill as a novelist. The
in the past and the ideals of her graduates. It "encounter" of her title is that of Herr Weh-
is worth mentioning here that "one-third of litz (Nietzsche) and an American girl, Persis
the biographies given in these volumes are of Fennamy. At their first meeting, he has kept
men who were ordained ministers, or regu-
silent while his friend, young Von Lüdinstein,
larly licensed to preach," and that of the
discusses Anna Karenina with Persis. She
forty-three men who were eligible for member-speaks :
ship in Phi Beta Kappa, thirty-four, or sev-
“It is through passion that life and its suffer-
enty-nine per cent, were actually members.
ings and its evil is perpetuated. It is true that
This is the kind of publication which is not
Tolstoi is the apostle of death. That is why he is
likely to be undertaken, at least on so ambi-
so great. He sees the truth. As a thinker he has
not been great enough to follow intuition to its
tious a scale, save by such an institution as the
logical consequences. He is a Buddhist who tries
Yale University Press. It is the kind of pub-
lication which goes far toward justifying the
THE ENCOUNTER. By Anne Douglas Sedgwick (Mrs. Basil
de Sélincourt). New York: The Century Co.
existence of university presses.
Anonymous. New York: Henry
NORMAN FOERSTER.
THE RISE OF JENNIE CUSHING. By Mary S. Watts. New
York: The Macmillan Co.
THE HOUSE OF DECEIT.
Holt & Co.


1914]
341
THE DIAL
I ask you.
-
to condone life. As an artist he has condemned is peculiarly strict and severe in such cases.
it finally.'
But the suspicion attaches itself to no familiar
“While Lüdinstein and the young girl thus de- public character, so far as we are concerned,
bated their incongruous theme, Herr Wehlitz had and the portrait which it is the book's pur-
sat listening, - motionless, his eyes dilated. Now,
suddenly, he sprang to his feet and leaned for-
pose to present has not the defects of a
ward toward Persis, resting his finger-tips upon
photograph. Indeed, it is a workmanlike por-
the table. You do not know what you say! he trait, which bears every evidence of having
exclaimed in a vibrating voice while a tremor of
been done by an old hand; and though the
intense feeling almost convulsed his face. You tale has a moral to it, the meaning is inherent
are a child and do not know what you say! You and not ancillary. Maurice Sangster came up
have read Schopenhauer, nicht wahr?
to London as an ambitious young man, a non-
You have read Schopenhauer?' He rapped vio conformist, a teetotaller, and an egotist. One
lently with his finger-tips upon the table.
of his early adventures was with a newspaper
“ Persis bowed assent. She maintained her
editor who liked his articles so much that he
calm.
was willing to explain how they could be
“I thought so. You have read Schopenhauer
made better. Maurice was too much pleased
and believe that he has said the last word. No;
with the praise he received to reflect deeply
listen to me'; — he held up his hand as she
sought to interpose a qualification. You are in-
on the meaning of the dispraise-and, besides,
fected. It is enough; - listen to me now. It is I
he was ambitious. He followed the news-
who have the last word to speak, a word that
paper editor's advice about insisting less on
upbuilds more than it destroys. Schopenhauer
Schopenhauer the non-conformist, teetotalling part of him-
saw that life is suffering and want and striving. self without much trouble. It was the kind
It is true. I grant it. I flinch from nothing of of thing he continued to do throughout his
his truth. But what I have to say is that life is
career, this dropping a principle whenever it
not valueless on that account. Cowards find it so, proved inconvenient, until he became home
and rot to the nothingness where they belong. secretary and realized that his life was a hol-
You are not one of them. You cannot look me in
low sham. Whoever the author may be, he
the eyes and say that you are one of them. No.
Yours is not the weakness that turns shuddering
knows the situation into which he has put
away from life. Yours is the youth and pride
Maurice Sangster, and he describes it in an
and strength that measures itself against life
admirable, though not at all a precious, style.
and scorns its puerilities. Tolstoi would lead the It is altogether improbable that any person
world into a nest of maggots where the weak generally known suggested “The Rise of Jen-
cling together and find sustainment in loathsome nie Cushing” to Mrs. Watts, but it is almost
unity.' ..."
equally improbable that she wrote without a
The speech of Herr Wehlitz is representative model in mind. For though the superficial
enough of a view which Nietzsche expressed outlines of her story, as of any story which
in many ways. But it does seem to be taking
turns on the love of a wealthy young portrait
a mean advantage to give to Nietzsche in painter and a woman whom he has known as
English the awkwardness of German idiom.
a servant and model, are conventional, the
It takes from his dignity and it does not sug-
material of it is mostly human and true. We
gest that in the use of his own language he
have felt that Mrs. Watts's previous novels
was an artist. Nevertheless, Herr Wehlitz occasionally betrayed that sentimental view
captures the imagination of Persis, and Mrs.
of life which is as alien to artistic truth as it
de Sélincourt's comedy is begun. It is only
is to scientific truth. But in this newest book
fair to add that she conducts it with all the
we feel only that Jennie is a little too splen-
did a creature, a little too richly endowed
delicately effective art, especially those parts
of it which grow from the relation of Persis
with strengths, and charms, and capacities.
and her mother, of which she has become the
With this exception her story is genuinely to
be enjoyed. Jennie began life in a slum, and
exponent.
spent some years in a reform school as a re-
The anonymous author of “The House of
sult of that accident. But it was not wholly
Deceit” expressly denies that his hero is a
a misfortune, in Mrs. Watts's view :
real person, saying in a foreword: “I think it
is well for me to state that the chief
"Not for nothing had Jennie Cushing spent
this story is neither founded upon nor aimed
those first twelve or thirteen years of her life in
to represent, however indirectly, any politi-
a slum. The memory of them underlay all subse-
quent experience indestructibly and unalterably
cian in real life.” It is the fate of this state-
like the foundation rock of certain geological
ment to start the suspicion it would prevent,
formations; and, however the processes of reform
especially when we remember that this is an
worked upon Jennie otherwise, they could have
English novel and that the English law of libel | made no impression upon that lowest stratum of
erson of


342
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
practical wisdom and first-hand observation of times with a friend whose turn for epithet and
life.”
comment pleased them, admire these stories.
In the most direct, intelligent, and cour It must have delighted Mr. Jack London to
ageous way, Jennie set about satisfying her gather, even if it was only in imagination, such a
own demands on herself. When her steady
crew as took part in “ The Mutiny of the Elsi-
determination weakened at all, it was when
nore” (Macmillan). More than one member re-
minds the reader of the titular hero of “ The Sea
love moved her more strongly than any of
Wolf.” The first mate, a veritable gorilla, owns a
her calculations had allowed for. But when
phonograph and finds in it his one gentle amuse-
the time came, she left young Donelson Meigs
ment. Another character, a malevolent cripple,
unhesitatingly and she refused as firmly to go reads Renan, Carlyle, and Zola for relaxation.
back to him under any condition. There is There is a love story, but Mr. London's real object
something stirring in Jennie's fortitude, even is to revel in sailing a ship round the Horn with
when we do not wholly believe in it. And a crew of devils; and in that he admirably suc-
there is a great deal to be said for the kind
ceeds.
of novel Mrs. Watts writes, a novel replete The story that Mr. Earl Derr Biggers has told
with carefully observed facts, a record given
in “Love Insurance” (Bobbs-Merrill) is ingenious
meaning by both the historical and the socio-
to the last degree. It involves a beautiful, viva-
logical sense. The type as literature has some
cious, and wealthy young woman, the son of the
of the defects of its qualities as a document.
astounding Earl of Raybrook (who played polo at
the age of eighty-two), an American advertising
But it is a sturdy, honest, and necessary type. expert, the wonderful diamond necklace known as
LUCIAN CARY. “ Chain Lightning's Collar,” and an arrangement
with Lloyd's by which the young lord was insured
to the extent of £75,000 against the possibility that
the young lady would change her mind before she
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
married him.
Last year Miss Margaret Peterson won the Mel-
In “ The Auction Block” (Harper), Mr. Rex rose prize novel competition with “ The Lure of
Beach has abandoned Alaska for Broadway. His
the Little Drum.” This year she presents “Blind
heroine, Lorelei Knight, was beautiful. Her Eyes” (Browne & Howell Co.), an even better
mother decided that the only way to capitalize her book. It is the story of a young and naive girl
charms was to move from the small town which who rebels at the prospect, suddenly revealed, of
had been the family home to New York. The marriage and goes up to London to make a place
result justified the mother's shrewdness, if not her
for herself. There she observes the downfall of a
concern for her daughter's welfare. Lorelei imme friend and learns what love is. Miss Peterson is
diately found a place in a revue
" and in two
still finding her way as a novelist, but she has
years she was so successful a beauty that her in interesting things to tell and she seems anxious to
come made the family comfortable. Most, if not
tell them as well as she can.
all, the types and situations expected in a story of Mr. Ridgwell Cullum writes of the gold fields of
the sort are introduced. Lorelei's acquaintances the Yukon and the wheat fields of Canada. The
include the only son of one of the chief figures in hero of “ The Way of the Strong” (Jacobs) grew
the steel syndicate, a chorus girl who is a victim up in the first region and became a man of wealth
of cocaine, "gunmen," financiers, gamblers, and and power in the second. His story, full of primi-
women of the demi-monde. In the end she man tive passions, is interwoven with that of Monica
aged to escape the life into which she thus entered Manson, who was the victim of her own unselfish-
and, never having been thoroughly contaminated
At her death, Monica's sister charged her
by it, to attain happiness.
with the care of an illegitimate son, urging her to
Mr. Cyrus Townsend Brady has told again the acknowledge him as her own by an early marriage
story of a small boy who redeemed a mining camp with a man since lost at sea. Monica's marriage
populated by unregenerate sons of men. The hero was complicated by the necessity of concealing the
of “ The Little Angel of Canyon Creek” (Revell) boy, as well as by the desire for revenge of an
had, however, the assistance of two adults; this enemy of his father's. But the end of the thrilling
couple came to Canyon Creek to establish a restau situation which Mr. Cullum has worked up is a
rant and remained to start a Sunday-school. We happy one.
leave the community safely singing hymns.
Sylvia” (Winston) is the second volume of
The new volume of stories from the store which the trilogy which Mr. Upton Sinclair began with
Miss Edna Ferber possesses is entitled “Person “Sylvia's Marriage." It is a tract on the order of
ality Plus” (Stokes). Technically the hero of M. Brieux's “ Damaged Goods.” Sylvia's child is
them is a young American named Jock, but in a victim of her husband's profligacy. She tries
reality Emma McChesney, “ secretary to the T. A. for a year to live with him in spite of the facts
Buck Featherloom Petticoat Company,” is again and then returns to the southern town from which
the principal figure. Those who receive slight she came to inaugurate a local campaign in favor
intellectual thrills from Miss Ferber's humorous of eugenics. Mr. Sinclair has made some attempts
observation of American life and those who enjoy to lighten a story as factual as a vice report but
reading it as they would enjoy talking over old without much success.
ness.


1914]
343
THE DIAL
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
biles full of French officers rushed over the
frontier to Liége and were welcomed in the
Professor
“ 'When I use a word,' Humpty fortress, which had been partly built by
Münsterberg's
defence of
Dumpty said in rather a scorn-
French engineers. . . . Everything suggested
Germany. ful tone, ‘it means just what I
that Germany's long-standing fear was justi-
choose it to mean — neither more nor less.'”
This citation from a well-known authority fied, that French-speaking Belgium was in
might have been used as a motto on the title-
a secret understanding with France.” The
page of Professor Hugo Münsterberg's “The
amiable conclusion is: “Germany could do
War and America" (Appleton) to prepare
what it did with a clean conscience; it did
not violate the higher laws of honor.' The
the reader for revising the meaning of custom-
ary words after reading the work — provided know that Professor Münsterberg felt that
Chancellor of the German Empire did not
he lend it credit. It appears to have been
written by a superman for supermen, with a
way about it, or he might not have an-
nounced to the Reichstag on August 4, “Our
view to proving that Germany is under no need
to observe ordinary morality. Its author has into Belgium.
troops have perhaps already penetrated
This is against the law
undertaken in the past to point out to Germany
of nations. . . . We have been compelled to
the sentiments of America, and to America the
sentiments of Germany, apparently without
ignore the just protests of the governments of
having learned that neither nation is patient commit we will repair as soon as our military
Luxemburg and Belgium. The injustice we
with sophistry. His method is simple. It con-
sists in ignoring everything characteristic of object has been attained.” This, at least,
sounds like a man talking, a man self-con-
German militarism, ignoring Von Treitschke,
demned as unjust and a law-breaker, but still a
General von Bernhardi, and the others who
man. Americans may be pardoned if they pre-
have stimulated the world-ambition of the Ger-
fer to take Baron von Bethmann-Hollweg's
man governing class, ignoring the standing
view of it, rather than Humpty Dumpty's.
toasts through many years of the German naval
and army officers of "To the Day!” and “To
the Greater Germany overseas !” or dismissing
Mr. Edwin L. Sabin, who has
Kit Carson and
the apprehensions they have raised as "silly. the frontier long been interested in the old
of his time.
It discloses the almost incomprehensible dis-
frontier, has added a valuable
tance between the German military mind and volume to its annals in “Kit Carson Days,
the American intelligence,- one which forces 1809-1868” (McClurg), a fully documented
the conclusion that the German cause must be and authenticated biography of the famous
worse than any of us have supposed it to be, old Indian fighter and Civil War soldier,
when such arguments can be put forth in its and a history of his times and compan-
defence. Professor Münsterberg's qualifica- ions, illustrated by many rare prints. Carson
tion of the violation of Belgian neutrality was born in Missouri in 1809, of Pennsyl-
leaves one gasping. “Belgium knew exactly vania Scotch-Irish stock strained through
that these neutrality treaties were not treaties Kentucky, where the family made an alliance
comparable to the contracts of private per with the kinsfolk of Daniel Boone. Bound
sons who are bound by the laws of the land out to learn the saddlers' trade, at sixteen
and by the laws of honesty to fulfil them young Christopher ran away to follow the
under every possible condition. It is nothing Santa Fé trail, and from that time until his
but sheer hypocrisy if the enemies of Ger death at Fort Lyon, New Mexico, in 1868, his
many, including the Anglophile portion of the history is that of the Southwest; in his biog-
American press, behave as if this had not been rapher's words: “the story of beaver and of
common knowledge the world over.” This is
This is Indians; of mountain, cañon, valley, desert,
the major ethical premise of the argument,
and stream ransacked through and through
buttressed by the over-true interrogatory : by the fur hunter; of white blood and red
“Did not America break its solemn treaty blood meeting, striving, and mingling -
with Colombia when a vital interest was mingling sometimes in friendly union but far
involved? Is not the majority of Congress oftener in the struggle of mutual hate." He
even inclined to apologize for the wrong early gained a reputation among both white
which was done to Colombia in the Panama men and red for an honesty so inflexible that
revolution ?" It certainly is, wherein it differs it was never doubted; this led, after years of
from Professor Münsterberg in the case of fur hunting and all the chances of a path-
Belgium. The minor premise appears to finder in savage country, to his appointment
be contained in this: “On the day the war as Indian agent among the Utes, "the most
between France and Germany seemed un difficult Indians to manage within the terri-
avoidable, it was reported that fifty automo tory." But this was not until after he had


344
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
proved himself as fearless as he was honest ars who, in the past ten or fifteen years, have
and had borne no small share in the Kearny brought to light a multitude of new materials
and, later, in the Frémont expeditions during upon all phases of Slavic history and economic
the Mexican war, and had taken part in more progress. In his earlier chapters the author
than one battle with the redskins. At the makes large use of the writings of Professor
outbreak of the war between the States he Kluchevsky, and despite the fact that this
became colonel of the First New Mexican authority's notable “History of Russia" has
volunteers, which he helped to raise, and took now been made available for English readers,
part in the battle of Valverde, assuming com there is much additional matter of value in
mand at Fort Craig afterward. His most those chapters by Professor Mavor which
celebrated Indian fight was at Adobe Walls most nearly reproduce the chapters of Klu-
in 1864. He was colonel and brevet brigadier chevsky. The treatment given the more re-
general, and was retained in the service at cent aspects of the subjects of agriculture and
the close of the war, filling a useful part in capitalism and industry, the social democratic
the negotiations which brought peace to the movement, the actual condition of the peas-
whites and Indians as well. The plainest of antry on the eve of the war with Japan, and
men, illiterate through most of his life, he the revolutionary movement beginning in the
was as efficient as he was modest. “So this south Russian strike of 1903 is not likely soon
is the great Kit Carson, who has made so to be surpassed in a work in English. It is
many Indians run!” exclaimed a hero-wor the author's conclusion that, notwithstanding
shipper to him one day. “Yes,” drawled Car the reaction by which the late revolution was
son; "sometimes I run after them but most followed, the economic and political history of
times they war runnin' after me." His the country has entered upon a new phase;
mounted figure, done by St. Gaudens, crowns that "the Duma, with all its defects, has be-
the pioneer monument in Denver, but his best come a school in which a new generation of
memorial is in the words of Colonel Meline, competent rulers may be trained”; and that
written shortly before his death: “I find that the nation has changed abruptly from one in
he is beloved and respected by all who know which constructive, as well as destructive,
him, and his word is looked upon as truth criticism was sternly suppressed to one in
itself.” Mr. Sabin has chosen an excellent which criticism of every sort abounds and is
subject, and treated it admirably.
comparatively free.
..
progre88
The writing of a detailed history
Several tricks of the trade are
The economic
of Russian economic develop-
On writing as revealed by Mr. Arnold Ben-
of Russia.
a profession.
ment by a professor in an Amer-
nett in a series of interesting
ican university would appear a bold under articles on the profession of writing, pub-
taking - one of those hazardous enterprises lished under the title of “The Author's
which can be justified only by being carried to Craft” (Doran). First of all, in order to see
completion with a conspicuous measure of and record life properly, he outlines a game
success. It is pleasurable to record that, of observation as highly stimulating (and as
judged in accordance with all reasonable exhausting) as his game, already familiar to
tests, Professor James Mavor's “Economic many, of living on twenty-four hours a day.
History of Russia” (Dutton) is a work which “Had one eyes,” he suggests, "the tying of a
vindicates the author's enthusiasm for his bootlace is the reflection of a soul.” Few dis-
unusually difficult subject and his determina cover it. The rôle of observer is too often
tion to put the results of his researches into passive instead of active; the habit of looking
print. The chapters making up the two large without seeing is persistent. In the chapter
volumes follow an order which is roughly dealing with play-writing, there is nothing
chronological and cover the entire period from startling or new in his assertion that the
the beginning of Russian history to the close process of writing a novel differs from the
of the revolutionary movement of 1903-7. process of writing plus producing a play;
A score of pages suffice, however, to record incidentally, though, it furnishes him an op-
what there is to be said upon developments portunity to disclose methods of collaboration
prior to the thirteenth century; and of the which are a part of the history of every suc-
two volumes, the second is devoted entirely to cessful play. He finds that it is easier to
the period since the accession of Alexander I. write a play than a novel, a sonnet than an
The value of Professor Mavor's book to En epic. Such comparisons seem futile. And is
glish and American students will arise princi- it not a platitude - this insisting that “other
pally from the fact that it is based upon the things being equal, a short work of art pre-
work of Russian and other continental schol sents fewer difficulties than a longer one"!


1914)
345
THE DIAL
Other things being equal — but they seldom been lost, though perfectly understood in
are! In “Writing Novels" the equipment of both ancient and mediæval times, until its re-
the novelist is made to consist of a sense of vival in Germany in the seventies. There are
beauty, passionate intensity of vision, and to be found the largest number of instances
fineness of mind; some of the fundamental of the deliberate intention of municipalities
rules of technique are presented; as a whole, to make themselves attractive, both to those
the chapter contains a wealth of illuminating inhabiting them and to visitors; in this con-
comment of value to the amateur novelist. nection such a question as this is fairly
The last of the four papers should have been startling to an American: “Who ever goes
entitled “Writer and Public” or “How the to Jersey City, a larger city than Düsseldorf;
Writer Becomes Popular" and not “Artist to Nashville, greater than Athens; to Detroit,
and Public.” In his finest moments of crea with a larger population than Rome; to St.
tive inspiration, no artist is making a bid for Louis, almost the equal of Budapest; to Chi-
popularity. All second-rate writers do, and cago, greater than Vienna or Berlin; to Balti-
their demand for it is immediate. Mr. Ben more or Pittsburg, superior to Dresden; to
nett defines a "pot-boiler" as the sort of work Minneapolis, larger than Antwerp, or to any
“done against the grain because the public of a score of American cities, to see any sights
appreciates it.” Quite justly he suggests that worth seeing?” It is pointed out that this is
a man who produces literary wares for the à prime reason why Americans have no
express purpose of selling them should have marked desire to see America first”; upon
an aptitude for merchantry. But why make the whole there is nothing but natural scen-
the same unqualified demand of the artist? ery worth seeing. But a hundred cities in
Is it dilettante to hope that a man may be a the United States have been awakened al-
true artist though he fails to see the connec ready, and a better future awaits them all.
tion between art and money? If so, then what To an end so desirable such a book as this
taboo shall be placed on an occasional member should contribute greatly, for it contains
of the opposite type — the prosperous man of everything that can aid so excellent a cause,
affairs — who may happen to aver, honestly by precept in its text, by example in its
and unabashed, that his is not the talent to see illustrations.
the connection between money and art? To
attempt to fit the two types into one mould,
Some books need a preface ex-
would be delightfully absurd.
The first number plaining their existence, and
of a new annual.
“Lucas' Annual" is
America, stained through many these. For many a delighted reader may with
The fine art of years with the travail of bring- good reason want to know just how the editor,
city-building.
ing a continent to terms, is be Mr. E. V. Lucas, happened to make himself
ginning to wipe away some of the evidences responsible for so quaintly charming a volume
of her arduous labors and to deck herself in as this — in contents, a periodical, with old-
more becoming attire than she has heretofore fashioned covers of sombre cloth. Several
had time for. Her people begin to recognize prominent living English writers are among
in architecture something more than the old the contributors. Mr. Galsworthy writes of
farmer saw, who always thanked God when it “Fairyland,” describing creatures who have
rained that houses are built hollow. From “such magical loveliness as makes the hearts
architecture they are even going to the con of mortals ache”; Mr. Hugh Walpole fur-
sideration of the surroundings in which edi nishes a “human interest” story; Messrs.
fices public and private must be placed and Dobson, Hewlett, and Bramah, as well as Sir
arriving at a community sense of beauty — a James Barrie and “Saki," are represented;
vast step beyond mere individual interest, the editor makes a sympathetic contribution
however enlightened. To this end Mr. Frank of a slender page. Chapters from the novel
Koester, consulting civic engineer, has pre- “Spoof” are from the pen of Mr. Stephen
pared a large and beautiful volume, "Modern Leacock, narrating the adventures of an En-
City Planning and Maintenance” (McBride), glishman in New York, who, on the day he
in which are embodied the principles of the stumbles upon the first clue to a mysterious
new art which is his profession, abundantly secret, breathlessly telephones to his hotel —
illustrated with reproduced photographs the Belmont not to keep lunch waiting for
from European and American cities to show him. “Anon," whose name has found its way
results already attained. The art of building into a calendar over which the proof-reader
beautiful cities, in spite of such exceptional nodded (letting an awkward d, instead of a b,
cases as those of L'Enfant in Washington stand guiltily before the year of his birth),
and Haussmann in Paris, appears to have speculates in a whimsical way on what expe-
one of


346
[Nov. 1
THE DIAL
to old age.
riences would really have been his, had he word or unorthodox spelling distracts the
lived in the earlier decades to which some critical reader's attention from the narrative,
compositor's hurry had assigned him. Mr. as where “rehabitate” is used in the sense of
John Drinkwater, on the other hand, inter rehabituate, and “cachination” is made to do
ested in a gray old scavenger, scorns the duty for cachinnation. Four illustrations add
world's progress:
to the interest of these touching tales.
You and this and that man,
All of you are making things that none of you
would lack,
We all have bodies, and we are
How to live
And so your eyes grow dusty, and so your limbs
all interested in their preserva-
tion.
grow rusty
Hence the universal ap-
But mad Tom Tatterman puts nothing in his sack." peal of such a book as Dr. Henry Smith
There are hitherto unpublished letters of
Williams's “Adding Years to Your Life"
Stevenson, Ruskin, and Browning, Browning's
(Hearst's International Library Co.), which
“A Castigation” being, in the words of the
is made up of popular articles on hygiene that
editor, one of the finest examples we have in
have already found favor with magazine-
the literature of remonstrance and chastise-
readers. They deal with the problem of
ment. Besides, there still remain another
longevity, the battle of the microbes, how to
half-dozen contributors, whose names have not
outwit the messengers of death, the health of
even been mentioned. (Macmillan.)
the brain, the condition of the nerves, the care
of the eyes, and the rearing of children.
Touching briefly on Professor Metchnikoff's
The story of a Jean Valjean,
Stories of
sour-milk treatment for the prolongation of
Tedeemed simply and straightforwardly life, a treatment that had its origin only a
criminals.
told, is one of the most likely
comparatively short time ago, the author
sorts of stories to command the listener's at-
says: “It must be admitted, however, that
tention. Mr. Peter Clark MacFarlane has
the results of this treatment have not been
collected the biographies of eight “crooked”
convincing to the mass of the profession."
characters less known to the great world than
But how should they be convinced so soon!
Victor Hugo's famous convict, but each and all
Give Dr. Metchnikoff a century or so, and who
of a marked individuality and, like Jean Val-
knows but he will prove his point? Chief
jean, appealing by their still unspoiled man-
among the simple means for prolonging our
hood to the humanity of the reader. “Those
life would seem to be care in eating and the
Who Have Come Back” (Little, Brown &
taking of daily exercise. But how many even
Co.) concerns itself, as the title indicates,
of those that read the book will give proper
with those who, after going astray, have re attention to these matters ? As the author
gained the straight path; and in most in-
says in conclusion, “the great difficulty is that
stances they have shown themselves eager to
most people cannot be induced to shut the
help other wrong-doers to reform. A forger,
barn door until after the horse is stolen."
a burglar, a counterfeiter, a drunkard, and
other less easily classifiable victims of com-
bined heredity and circumstances, are pre-
When the pen of a Silvio Pellico
A plea for
sented in life-like guise, and are either made the prisoner.
or a Dostoieffsky turns to the
to relate their own memorable experiences or
portrayal of prison life from the
have the narrative put into the third person inside, the result is pretty sure to be a vivid
by the sympathetic biographer. Whether it and soul-stirring piece of literary art, in
is all literal truth, one may pardonably ques which, however, art is so far subordinated to
tion. Certain real characters and certain real nature and reality that no thought of the
incidents undoubtedly inspire the writer's craftsman's skill is present in the reading.
pen, and if there is a tendency to trim and A narrative of experience behind stone walls
polish now and then, it is no more than lit and iron bars from the son of the author of
erary art seems to demand. In one chapter, “The Scarlet Letter” offers at the outset
for example, presenting the harrowing expe- strong hope of something extraordinarily in-
rience of a woman who has cured herself of teresting, and in “The Subterranean Brother-
the morphine habit - for it should be noted hood” (McBride), by Mr. Julian Hawthorne,
that two of the book's characters are women the reader will not be disappointed in his ex-
a suspicion of something like fiction is engen pectation of an engrossing bit of autobiog-
dered by the story-teller's lack of consistency raphy. The chain of events that led to Mr.
in making the aforesaid habit one of ten Hawthorne's year of residence at Atlanta as
years' duration on one page, and of twenty a guest of the government is already too well
five years' on another. An occasional unusual known to call for recapitulation – So well


1914]
347
THE DIAL
known, in fact, that the author himself barely
NOTES.
alludes to the circumstances, and that chiefly
by way of passing comment on the absurdity
Mr. Henry Newbolt is the author of a novel
entitled “Aladore."
of the notion that he is a desperate criminal
Miss Harriet Monroe's new volume of poems,
whose personal freedom endangered the pub-
“ You and I,” will be published immediately by the
lic welfare. What he concerns himself with is
Macmillan Co.
the penal system in general, and as illustrated
Mr. R. B. Cunningham Graham has written a
in the Atlanta penitentiary in particular; biography of Bernal Diaz del Castillo which will
and he also touches on certain absurdities of
be published shortly.
our legal machinery as they present them-
The serial publication of Mr. James Lane
selves to a shrewd observer in our criminal
Allen's novel, “The Sword of Youth,” is begun in
courts. That prison reform still has much to the current issue of “ The Century.”
accomplish even after the much that it has “ Civilization and Health " is the title of a new
already accomplished, is undeniable, and this book by Dr. Woods Hutchinson which the Hough-
truth is emphasized by the wealth of indi-ton Mifflin Co. will bring out this week.
vidual experience and observation contained Frau Förster-Nietzsche is the author of “ The
in Mr. Hawthorne's gruesomely interesting Lonely Nietzsche," which will be issued as a com-
book; but that prisons themselves should be panion volume to “The Young Nietzsche."
abolished and the very term “criminal” be A new edition of J. A. Cramb's “ Germany and
expunged from the language, is not so self- England," with an Introduction by the Hon.
evident at present. Yet this is what the Joseph H. Choate, will be published immediately
author urges, and if practice would only har by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
monize with theory his argument would be M. Stefan Zweig, the Belgian critic, is the
unanswerable. At any rate, his book is author of a study of the life and work of M. Emile
notable and should prove a not unfruitful
Verhaeren which Mr. Jethro Bithell has trans-
lated into English for immediate publication.
contribution to the literature of penology.
Bohemian San Francisco, Its Restaurants and
Their Most Famous Recipes" is the title of a book
Insect foes
For many years the entomolo- | by Dr. Clarence E. Edwords which Messrs. Paul
of the orchard gists of our agricultural experi Elder & Co. announce for publication December 1.
and vineyard.
ment stations have conducted
A new edition of Emerson's works in a pocket
investigations of the various insects which edition of twelve volumes is announced by the
invade orchards, destroy berry crops, and Houghton Mifflin Co. In addition, this house will
infest vineyards at the expense of the horti issue a two-volume pocket edition of Emerson's
culturist. The probable total annual loss in essays.
this country from this cause has been esti Princess Catherine Radziwill, who is said to
mated by Dr. Quaintance to be over sixty
“ have known everybody from Beaconsfield and
millions of dollars. The leading centre for
• Ouida' to Miss Marie Corelli and Mr. Winston
Churchill,” has written
this investigation has been the station at Cor-
“ Memoirs of Forty
Years."
nell University in conjunction with the New
York State College of Agriculture. The re-
Two of the latest books on M. Bergson to be
announced are Mr. Wildon Carr's “The Philoso-
sults of the work have been assembled by the
late Professor M. V. Slingerland and com-
phy of Change,” and “Henri Bergson: His Life
and Writings," by M. Algot Ruhe and M. Nancy
pleted by his colleague, Professor C. R.
M. Paul.
Crosby, in a “Manual of Fruit Insects”
Miss Marie Corelli's latest novel, “Innocence,"
(Macmillan). The work is a richly illustrated which it was expected would be indefinitely post-
handbook of the insects affecting the apple, poned owing to the war, is now announced for
pear, quince, plum, peach, and cherry, and the publication at an early date by Messrs. George H.
various berries, such as raspberry, blackberry, Doran & Co.
dewberry, currant, gooseberry, and strawberry, “Lippincott's Magazine," until now published
and also the grape and cranberry. The closing by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co., at Philadelphia,
chapter deals with the preparation and appli- has been taken over by Messrs. McBride, Nast &
cation of insecticides. The work is complete,
Co. The editorial offices will be removed to New
thorough, and accurate. It provides a very
York City but no change in the character or policy
welcome compendium for both the fruit-
of the magazine is announced.
grower and the entomologist. The life his The English translation of M. Jules Romain's
tories of the various insects are described and
“ The Death of a Nobody," by Mr. Desmond
figured so that the non-technical reader can
McCarthy and Mr. Sydney Waterlow, will be
issued at once by Mr. B. W. Huebsch. It will be
make use of them, and the effects of the
followed shortly by M. Sorel's “Reflections on
attacks of insects are in most cases fully Violence,” a book which is said to state fully the
illustrated.
position of the chief philosopher of syndicalism.


348
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
November, 1914.
Temperament, Tabu and
Unpopular
Trade Opportunities of the United States. A. B.
Hepburn
Scribner
Trade Unionism in a University
Unpopular
Tree Distribution in California. W. A. Cannon Pop. Sc.
Turcos and the Legion. C. W. Furlong World's Work
Ultra-scientific School, The. B. Horowitz
Pop. Se.
Uniforms for Women. W. L. George
Atlantic
Utopians, Modern. J. W. Marriott
Hibbert
Valdés, the Spanish Novelist. Grant Showerman Sewanee
Vardon Greatest Golfer. J. D. Travers
American
War, Approach to. John Reed
Metropolitan
War, " Atrocities " in. Charles F. Carter World's Work
War, Ethics of. Bishop of Carlisle
Hibbert
War, Laws of. Lyman Beecher Stowe
World's Work
War, Mechanism, Diabolism, and. L. P. Jacks Hibbert
War, The
Unpopular
War, The British citizen's Duty in the Earl Roberts Hibbert
War, Thoughts on the. Gilbert Murray
Hibbert
War, Thoughts on the. John Galsworthy
Scribner
War and the American Investor. E. S. Mead · Lippincott
War Correspondents, Experiences with. James
Keeley
Metropolitan
War in the air, The. 'Henry Woodhouse World's Work
War-cloud, In the. H. Fielding-Hall
Century
Wild Places. Walter Prichard Eaton
Harper
Workshops, Our New. Ida M. Tarbell
American
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 202 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
a
.
Academic Freedom. Howard C. Warren
Atlantic
America, Made in." J. H. Appel
Rev. of Revs.
American Society a Century Ago. Gaillard Hunt Harper
Amphitheatres, College. Lawrence Perry
Scribner
Austria, A Novel Sport in. J. F. J. Archibald Scribner
Blues, Having the
Unpopular
Book-shelf, An American. 'Archibald Henderson Sewanee
Books, Reading of. George P. Brett
Atlantic
British Liberalism and the War. J. O. P. Bland Atlantic
Brussels, The Germans in. Richard H. Davis Scribner
Buddhist University, A. J. E. Carpenter
Hibbert
Canada's Part in the War. Frederick Eckstein World's Work
Cavalry. George Marvin
World's Work
Civil War, Reminiscences of the. A. R. H. Ransom Sewanee
Civilization, Breakdown of. W. Morgan Shuster Century
Civilization as a Selective Agency. Roland Hugins Pop. Sc.
Colonial Commerce. C. M. Andrews
Am. Hist. Rev.
Colonies, American, England and the. E. B.
Greene
Am. Hist. Rev.
Cotton Crisis, The. Richard Spillane
Rev. of Revs.
Crisis, The. John Jay Chapman
Atlantic
Dryden, Inconsistency of. P. H. Houston
Sewanee
Dyestuffs, German. D. F. St. Clair
Rev. of Revs.
East Anglian Estuaries. Arnold Bennett
Century
Education, Monarchy and Democracy in
Unpopular
Education, The Science of. John Perry
Pop. Sc.
England and the War. Henry Jones
Hibbert
England's Indian Army. Alfred Ollivant World's Work
Equatorial Forest, The. Theodore Roosevelt Scribner
European Tragedy, The. Guglielmo Ferrero
Atlantic
Expansion, American, Creative Forces in. Archibald
Henderson
Am. Hist. Rev.
Feminism and Marriage
Unpopular
Food Situation, The European. T. N. Carver Rev. of Revs.
Food Supply of Germany. Bernhard Dernburg Rev. of Revs.
Free-speech Delusions, Some
Unpopular
French Battle-front, The. Frederick Palmer'. Everybody's
French Guns, Men behind the. C. W. Furlong World's Work
Futurism, Impulse to. H. W. Nevinson
Atlantic
Gentleman-sportsman, The
Unpopular
German Army, System " and the. Arno
Dosch
World's Work
German Defence, The. F. H. simonds
Rev. of Revs.
German Literature. Kuno Francke
Atlantic
German Literature and Politics. T. W. Rolleston Hibbert
German Philosophy and the War. G. D. Hicks Hibbert
Germany's Ambition. Waldo Adler
Lippincott
Germany's Destiny. Samuel P. Orth
Century
God as the Common Will. H. A. Overstreet
Hibbert
Goethe and Lavater. Professor Gibb
Hibbert
Inheritance, Phenomena of. E. G. Conklin
Pop. Sc.
Italy and the War. T. L. Stoddard
Rev. of Revs.
Japan and the War. K. K. Kawakami
Atlantic
Kashmiri's Home, The. Marion Whiting
Harper
Kiao-Chau. Gustavus Ohlinger
World's Work
Kicking, Principles and Practice of
Unpopular
Labor Movements, Ephemeral. F. T. Carlton Pop. Sc.
Land Tenure, Feudal, in Japan. K. Asakawa Am. Hist. Rev.
Literary Study. Louis James Block
Sewanee
Louvain, Burning of. Gerald Morgan
Metropolitan
Mathematical Activities. G. A. Miller
Pop. Sc.
Megaphon, The Republic of
Unpopular
Mezzotinting. Frank Weitenkampf
Scribner
Mind in Plants. Ada W. Yerkes
Atlantic
Mineral Reserves of America. G. E. Mitchell Rev. of Revs.
Minority Rule. Edgar Eugene Robinson
Sewanee
Morality as an Art. Havelock Ellis
Atlantic
Motors and War. R. I. Cleveland
World's Work
Murphy, Edgar G. W. P. Du Bose
Sewanee
Natural Law and the State. H. Merian Allen
Sewanee
Nietzsche. William Mackintire Salter
Hibbert
Nietzsche - What He Really Taught. Max
Eastman
Everybody's
Nietzsche and War. H. L. Mencken
Atlantic
Normandy and Henry II.- 1. C. H. Haskins Am. Hist. Rev.
Norway and the Norwegians -- II. Price Collier Scribner
Ohio's Old-time State Capital — III. W. D. Howells Harper
Panama, South of -- I. Edward A. Ross
Century
Police-systems, European. R. B. Fosdick
Century
Population, Protestantism and. Meyrick Booth
Hibbert
Professor, The, in the Small College. Raymond
Bellamy
Atlantic
Psychical Research, Our Debt_to
Unpopular
Race-war Myth, The. Franz Boas
Everybody's
Religious Beliefs, Changing. Hugh Black Everybody's
Rubber. John Waddell
Pop. Sc.
Rural Reformation, The R. w. Brière
Harper
Russian Terrorist, Making of a. Marie Sukioff Century
Sea Fighting, Modern. J. M. Oskison
World's Work
Sharpshooters of the Sea. James Middleton World's Work
Shaw, Anna H., Autobiography of
Metropolitan
Socialism - Is It Coming ?
Unpopular
South America. Edwin Lefèvre
Everybody's
Surgery, Arabian and Medieval. John Foote Pop. Sc.
Syndicalism in the Light of History. Elbridge Colby Sewanee
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Memoirs of Admiral Lord Charles Beresford.
Written by himself. In 2 volumes; illustrated,
large 8vo. Little, Brown & Co. $7.50 net.
The Memoirs of Francesco Crispi. Translated by
Mary Prichard-Agnetti. Volume III., Interna-
tional Problems. Large 8vo, 358 pages. George
H. Doran Co. $3.50 net.
The Life-story of Russian Exile. By Marie
Sukloff; translated from the Russian by Gregory
Yarros. Illustrated, 12mo, 251 pages. Century
Co. $1.50 net.
Balzac. By Emile Faguet; translated from the
French by Wilfred Thorley. With photogravure
portrait, large 8vo, 264 pages. Houghton Miffin
Co. $2. net.
Gustave Flaubert. By Emile Faguet; translated
from the French by Mrs. R. L. Devonshire. With
photogravure portrait, large 8vo, 238 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net.
The Sunny Side of Diplomatic Life, 1875-1912. By
L. de Hegermann-Lindencrone. Illustrated, Svo,
337 pages. Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
Memories of the Kaiser's Court. By Anne Topham.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 308 pages. Dodd, Mead &
Co. $3. net.
A Beacon for the Blind: Being a Life of Henry
Fawcett,
the Blind Postmaster-general. By
Winifred Holt. Illustrated, large 8vo, 343 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net.
Alraham Lincoln. By Rose Strunsky. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 331 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
The True Ulysses S. Grant. By Charles King.
Illustrated, 8vo, 400 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$2. net.
The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne. By
Frank Preston Stearns. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., 8vo, 463 pages. Richard G. Badger.
$2. net.
HISTORY.
Political History of Secession: To the Beginning of
the Civil War. By Daniel Wait Howe. Large
8vo, 649 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
Imperial America. By J. M. Kennedy. Illustrated,
8vo, 363 pages.
James Pott & Co. $3. net.
A History of England and the British Empire. By
Arthur D. Innes. Volume III., 1689-1802. 12mo,
550 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.60 net.
The Voyages of the Norsemen to America. By
William Hovgaard. Illustrated, large svo, 304
pages. New York: American-Scandinavian Foun-
dation.
Essays: Political and Historical. By Charlemagne
Tower, LL.D. 8vo, 306 pages. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.50 net.
Belgium: Her Kings, Kingdom, and People. By John
de Courcy MacDonnell. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, 354 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. $3.50 net.


1914)
349
THE DIAL
The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial
Pennsylvania: A Study of the So-called Penn-
sylvania Dutch. By Oscar Kuhns. New edition;
12mo, 268 pages. Eaton & Mains. 75 cts. net.
Annals of the Swedes on the Delaware. By John
Curtis Clay; with Introduction by Henry S.
Henschen. Third edition; illustrated, 12mo, 170
pages. Chicago: Swedish Historical Society of
America.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Notes on Novelists, with Some Other Notes. By
Henry James. 8vo, 455 pages.
Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $2.50 net.
English Drama. By Felix E. Schelling.
8vo, 341
pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
The Joyful Heart. By Robert Haven Schauffier.
12mo, 247 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Browning's Heroines. By Ethel Colburn Mayne.
With frontispiece in color, 8vo, 325 pages.
James Pott & Co.
English Literature through the Ages: Beowulf to
Stevenson. By Amy "Cruse. Illustrated, large
8vo, 592 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
A Renaissance Courtesy-book: Galateo of Manners
and Behaviours. By Giovanni della Cassa, with
Introduction by J. E. Spingarn. Large 8vo, 122
pages. Boston: The Merrymount Press.
A Platonick Discourse upon Love By Picco della
Mirandola; edited by Edmund G. Gardner. Large
8vo, 84 pages.
Boston: The Merrymount Press.
Crime and Punishment. By Fyodor Dostoevsky;
translated from the Russian by Constance Gar-
nett. 12mo, 493 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Scandinavian Classics. First volumes: Comedies
by Holberg, translated from the Danish by
Oscar James Campbell, Jr., Ph.D., and Frederic
Schenck, B.Litt., with Introduction by Oscar
James Campbell, Jr.; Poems by. Tegnér, trans-
lated by W. Lewery Blackley, with Introduction
by Paul Robert Lieder, A.M. Each 12mo. New
York: American-Scandinavian Foundation.
Selected Letters. Edited by Claude M. Fuess.
12mo, 114 pages. “ Limited Edition." Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1. net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The King of the Dark Chamber. By Rabindranath
Tagore; translated into English by the author.
12mo, 206 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Pagan Poems. By Franklin Henry Giddings. 16mo,
80 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1. net.
Robert Frank. By Sigurd Ibsen. 12mo, 192 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Borderlands and Thoroughfares. By Wilfrid Wil-
son Gibson. 12mo, 195 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
America, and Other Poems. By W. J. Dawson.
12mo, 152 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Sword Blades and Poppy Seed. By Amy Lowell.
16mo, 246 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Open Water. By Arthur Stringer. 12mo, 132 pages.
John Lane Co. $1. net.
“ And So They Were Married”; A Comedy of the
New Woman. By Jesse Lynch Williams. 12mo,
242 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Trees, and Other Poems. By Joyce Kilmer. 12mo,
75 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1. net.
Gitanjali: Song Offerings. By Rabindranath Ta-
gore; prose translations made by the author
from the original Bengali, with Introduction by
W. B. Yeats. New edition; with portrait, 12mo,
101 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Truth, and Other Poems. By Paul Carus. 12mo,
61 pages.
Open Court Publishing Co. $1. net.
In Deep Places: A Book of Verse. By Amelia
Josephine Burr. 12mo, 132 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1. net.
Marta of the Lowlands. By Angel Guimera; trans-
lated into English by Wallace Gillpatrick, with
Introduction by John Garrett Underhill. With
portrait, 12mo, 112 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. 75 cts. net.
Beyond the Breakers, and Other Poems. By George
Sterling. 12mo, 141 pages. San Francisco: A. M.
Robertson. $1.25 net.
The Ebon Muse, and Other Poems. By Léon
Laviaux; translated into English by John Myers
O'Hara. 4to, 52 pages. Portland, Me.: Smith &
Sale. $2. net.
The Great Grey King, and Other Poems old and
New. By Samuel Valentine Cole. 12mo, 146
pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
Justification: A Philosophic Phantasy: By John H.
White. 12mo, 71 pages. Richard G. Badger.
A Captain of the King. By Chester L. Saxby.
12mo, 110 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
$1. net.
New Songs of Zion: A Zionist Anthology. Edited
by Samuel Roth. 8vo, 64 pages. New York:
Judaean Press.
FICTION.
The Rise of Jennie Cushing. By Mary S. Watts.
12mo, 487 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.35 net.
The Witch. By Mary Johnston. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 442 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.40 net.
Night Watches. By W. W. Jacobs. Illustrated,
12mo, 247 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
Sylvia's Marriage. By Upton Sinclair. 12mo, 348
pages. John C. Winston Co. $1.20 net.
The Eternal Priestess: A Novel of China Manners.
By B. L. Putnam Weale. 12mo, 416 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
Quinneys'. By Horace Annesley Vachell. 12mo,
303 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Achievement. By E. Temple Thurston. 12mo, 451
pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.35 net.
Pierre Vinton; _or, The Adventures of a Superfluous
Husband. By Edward C. Venable. 12mo, 256
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
The Fakers. By Samuel G. Blythe. 12mo, 388
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.35 net.
Blind Eyes. By Margaret Peterson. 12mo, 303
pages. Browne & Howell Co. $1.30 net.
One Clear Call. By Frances Nimmo Greene. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 329 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.35 net.
Diane and Her Friends. By Arthur Sherburne
Hardy. Illustrated, 12mo, 299 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Third Sex. By Ernst von Wolzogen; trans-
lated from the German by Grace Isabel Colbron.
12mo, 285 pages. Macaulay Co. $1.25 net.
The Flaming Sword. By George Gibbs. Illustrated,
12mo, 347 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.30 net.
“ Persons Unknown.” By Virginia Tracy. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 486 pages. Century Co. $1.35 net.
The Sealed Valley: By Hulbert Footner. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 356 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co.
$1.25 net.
His Royal Happiness. By Mrs. Everard Cotes.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 378 pages. D.
Appleton & Co. $1.35 net.
The Nightingale: A Lark. By Ellenor Stoothoff.
12mo, 338 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
But She Meant Well, By William Caine. 12mo,
300 pages.
John Lane Co. $1.30 net.
Pawns of Liberty: A Story of Fighting Yester-
days in the Balkans. By Corinne S. and R. A.
Tsanoff. 12mo, 424 pages. Outing Publishing
Co. $1.35 net.
Valley of a Thousand Hills. By F. E. Mills Young.
12mo, 330 pages. John Lane Co. $1.30 net.
By the Bend of the River: Tales of Connock Old
and New. By Charles Heber Clark (Max Adeler).
Illustrated, 12mo, 307 pages. John C. Winston
Co. $1.20 net.
Hilda against the World. By Victoria Cross. 12mo,
315 pages. Macaulay Co. $1.25 net.
The Honorable Percival. By Alice Hegan Rice.
Illustrated, 12mo, 276 pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Sicily Ann: A Romance. By Fannie Heaslip Lea.
Illustrated, 12mo, 208 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1. net.
Fine Clay. By Isabel C. Clarke. 12mo, 446 pages.
Benziger Brothers. $1.35 net.
The Prophet's Wife. By Anna C. Browne. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 248 pages. Benziger Brothers.
$1.25 net.
Farmer Bibbins. By Hypkin Brown. 12mo, 318
pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
The Woman Who Came at Night: Being the Ex-
periences of a Minister. With portrait, 12mo, 154
pages. The Pilgrim Press. $1. net.
Tim: The Autobiography of a Dog. By Ethelbert
Talbot. 16mo, 81 pages. Harper & Brothers.
50 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Cruise of the “ Janet Nichol ” among the South
Sea Islands: A Diary by Mrs. Robert Louis
Stevenson. Illustrated, 8vo, 189 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.75 net.


350
(Nov. 1
THE DIAL
Delightful Dalmatia. By Alice Lee Moqué. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 374 pages. Funk &
Wagnalls Co. $2. net.
My Spanish Year. By Mrs. Bernhard Whishaw.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 312 pages. James Pott &
Co. $2.50 net.
From Dublin to Chicago: Some Notes on a Tour in
America. By George A. Birmingham. 12mo,
320 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50 net.
Europe Revised. By Irvin S. Cobb. Illustrated,
12mo, 467 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.50 net.
Rambles about the Riviera. By Frances M. Gostling.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 326 pages. James Pott &
Co. $2.50 net.
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1914]
351
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352
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A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and
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“LE THEATRE MANQUE.”
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico;
Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. Re-
Nearly every one is agreed that the theatre
MITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order,
payable to THE DIAL. Unless otherwise ordered, subscrip is not so vigorous and healthy a part of our
tions will begin with the current number. When no direct
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ceived, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is has been agreed on that for ten years. But
desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application.
hardly any two critics are agreed as to what is
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
the matter. No art has had so many physi-
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post cians, or such willing and earnest ones, in the
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
past decade as the theatre has. The result
seems to be that the protests of those who are
Vol. LVII. NOVEMBER 16, 1914. No. 682. interested in the theatre have been rather
more serious in the year just closing than they
CONTENTS.
ever were before.
Commercial managers
frankly bewail the loss of the great paying
“LE THEATRE MANQUE”
369
audience that once was theirs. Theatre-goers
THE CRITICS OF CRITICISM. Herbert Ells-
worth Cory
371
complain bitterly that there is no longer any-
CASUAL COMMENT
374 | thing worth seeing on the stage. Authors as-
Conspiracies of silence.— Treitschke's casuis sert at least as roundly as they did ten years
try. The adhesive reader.- Puzzles in pro-
nunciation. The muse of the “movies." - A
ago that their best work is ignored by the
bookseller of the old school.- A prose epic producers. Lecturers assure us that they do
in four books.-An aid to library extension. these things better abroad but that we only
The one Englishman appreciative of German
culture.
need repertory companies like those of Man-
COMMUNICATIONS
377 chester and Glasgow, or a movement like that
Literature and War.' Helen Minturn sey:
of the Irish National Theatre, or actors like
The Young French Poets. Edward J. O'Brien.
those of the Théâtre Français, or an audience
THE GREAT WAR. Edward B. Krehbiel. 379 like that of the Odéon, or a scale of prices like
Cook's Why Britain Is at War.— Kennedy's that of the New Folk Theatre in Berlin, or a
How the War Began.- Why We Are at War.
sophisticated society like that of Vienna, to
- Sladen's The Real “ Truth about Ger-
many."— The Case of Belgium in the Present have a living art of the theatre. Mr. Percy
War.- Steveni's The Russian Army from MacKaye would approve a civic theatre and
Within.- The German Army from Within.-
“ Armgaard Karl Graves's " The Secrets of
pageants; the Messrs. Shubert would decapi-
the German War Office. — Bernhardi's How tate all the critics now writing for the New
Germany Makes War.- Bernhardi's Germany York papers; the various attempts to im-
and the Next War.
BLAKELOCK. Edward E. Hale.
382
prove on the commercial theatre would accept
JULIETTE DROUET AND VICTOR HUGO. large additions to their subsidies. And mean-
Carl Becker
384 while the Drama League of Chicago, turning
MR. HAVELOCK ELLIS OBSERVES. F. B. R.
from the study of printed and acted plays to
Hellems.
. 386
AN INTIMATE VIEW OF TOLSTOI.
Olin
observe what is going on in the world, has ar-
Dantzler Wannamaker
387 ranged a winter programme almost exclusively
A CRITIC OF DEMOCRACY. Grant Shower-
devoted to one aspect or another of the mov-
389
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
. 390
ing-picture theatre. Perhaps the League feels
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
391
that the anæmia which has resisted so many
Six contemporary men of ideas.- A hand tonics is better abandoned for a robustness
book of European drama.- An ingenuous
that never required any!
study of Mr. Joseph Conrad's novels.-An en-
thusiastic admirer of Greek civilization.—The
But though the apathy so succinctly ex-
treatment of criminals.- Goya and his native pressed by the Drama League is apparently
Spain.
BRIEFER MENTION.
general, there are exceptions. One of these is
. 394
NOTES ..
395
Mr. Hiram Kelly Moderwell, who has just
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
. 396 written a book, "The Theatre of To-day,” full
mour.
.
man
.


370
[Nov. 16
THE DIAL
of studiously acquired information about the commercial theatre Mr. Robert E. Jones and
work that was being done in Europe before Mr. J. Maurice Hewlett, Americans both, have
the war began and full of delight in the re made artistic settings. Mr. Moderwell asks us
sults of it. His first chapter contains these to believe that such men as these will soon be
paragraphs:
numerous in America.
“ Ten years ago this book would have been writ We do believe it. We believe that the time
ten entirely about dramatic literature. At that has almost arrived when men utterly ignorant
time we thought of the institution of the theatre as
of color, and utterly incapable of design, and
being a collection of printed plays together with a
few necessary buildings to present them in. ...
utterly unwilling to study the possibilities of
“Now all this is changed. From an institution
the theatre as a medium of artistic expression
of one art the theatre has become in the space of
will no longer plan the more important dra-
less than ten years, an institution of all the arts. matic productions in this country. But we
“Not that the theatre suddenly found its possi- do not believe the second part of Mr. Moder-
bilities. ... But the realization began to spread well's syllogism. We do not believe that the
that the theatre was not merely an affair of spoken
words and accompanying gestures. And suddenly,
most perfect artists of inscenierung imagina-
almost overnight, the thinkers saw the possibilities ble will redeem the theatre in America. For
of universality in the theatre, and set out to develop the whole institution of the theatre exists for
them — slowly, tentatively, but in a spirit of conse the purpose of presenting to an audience
cration which has given a largeness and dignity "spoken words with their accompanying
perhaps beyond any other art of to-day.”
gestures."
It does not exist in order that
And he proceeds through many interesting architects may design admirable buildings for
pages to justify this statement by recording the
achievements of German, French, Russian, and
its audiences; it does not exist that painters
English artists and engineers of the theatre.
may design beautiful settings for its stage:
Mr. Moderwell's enthusiasm over the For-
it does not exist that mechanical engineers
tuny lighting system (especially when it is
may construct ingenious devices for its direc-
used in conjunction with a Kuppelhorizont), tors; and it does not exist that amateurs may
the revolving, sliding, rolling, and wagon
play with lights and shadows on a Kuppel-
horizont.
stages of the Germans, the buildings of Pro-
All these persons are secondary.
fessor Max Littmann (in which every specta-
They are inessential. They are all very well
tor has a good seat), the settings designed by all very wrong when they interfere with him.
as long as they are of use to the dramatist and
Mr. Gordon Craig and M. Golovine, the color-
schemes of M. Bakst, the atmosphere of Sigñor They have nothing to give us except as they
Appia, the inscenierung of Herr Max Rein give it through the dramatist.
hardt and Mr. Granville Barker, is contagious.
We shall never have a living art of the
We can hardly read his pages without wishing For the present, we may interest a few with
theatre until we have living dramatic authors.
to build a small model theatre with which to
conduct endless experiments in setting and
performances of Euripides or astound our-
selves with Mazda lamps, as the Chicago Little
lighting a stage. The two Harvard students
Theatre has done; we may import the plays
who built a Kuppelhorizont in their room at
Cambridge seem the most fortunate of men.
of J. M. Synge and the Irish actors who so
Is not the stage picture at least as important Society has done; we may publish bulletins
admirably speak them, as the Chicago Theatre
as the easel picture? And is not the art of inferior to the causeries of the newspaper crit-
light capable of as great development as the
art of sound, which is music? Furthermore, League in many cities has done. But we may
ics of the plays we least dislike, as the Drama
Mr. Moderwell points out that this new art - 1
not go to the theatre to see dramas springing
new in its magnificence at least has already directly out of our own time and our own life
reached America. He asserts that in Boston
put upon the stage. The reason is not that we
Mr. Livingston Platt and Mr. Josef Urban have the g-run system, or that our man-
have already made settings that challenge
agers will do everything for money and noth-
those of the Europeans. In Cambridge Mr. ing for anything else, or that we have no Mar
Samuel Howe has a studio which is that of an Reinhardt. The reason is that we have no
amateur only because American theatrical dramatists. That is the weakness of the thea-
managers have not yet seen the possibilities of tre in America, and the only weakness that
design and color on the stage. In the strictly supremely counts.


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THE DIAL
THE CRITICS OF CRITICISM.
Matthew Arnold turned the tables very
happily on Wordsworth in his critico-phobia.
“Criticism," says Mr. Brownell in a char “Is it certain," writes Arnold, “that Words-
acteristic, pregnant sentence, “criticism itself worth himself was better employed in making
is much criticized,—which logically establishes his Ecclesiastical Sonnets than when he made
its title." Some years ago Mr. John McKinnon his celebrated Preface, so full of criticism, and
Robertson very neatly exposed the critics of criticism of the works of others?” There is a
criticism by revealing this same paralogism in home-thrust for you! Many critics, nowa-
their noisy remonstrances. Yet these tinsel
days, are agreed with the poets that it is a
Lucifers still swarm in the world. And, like dubious adventure for a versifier to fashion
the Baconians, with whom they have many first, or accept, a Procrustean mould of canon
points in common, they must be met with
and then attempt to pour into it his mercurial
something more than a scornful Olympian imaginings. But suppose Wordsworth had
silence. As Professor Bliss Perry has shown, written and talked more prefaces and then
in two recent articles much-discussed, they applied them in revision to his “Excursion."
have their real grievances in abundance. From Well, that may be asking too much from
the days when Swift, himself a critic or noth- | Wordsworth and any other established and
ing, cried out against the wretched hack illustrious poet. But observe that singers and
writers of his craft, “Kill the rats,” to the novelists and indolent readers who are most
days when William Morris grumbled, “To fearful or contemptuous of criticism are often
think of a beggar making a living by selling those who most sadly need it. They may have
his opinion about other people,” there have been burned in effigy by some futile criticaster.
been causes a plenty for sæva indignatio from They may have been taught to hate a good
"artists." But their real reason for attack-
book by some professor of English literature
ing critics lies in the fact that they, their who is allowed through the ignorance, tol-
friends, and their masters have been thumbed erance, or indifference of regents or trustees
over by blinking criticasters. Why not, then, to remain at his post and desecrate it. But
deny to poetry the right to exist on the same if these railers against all criticism are still
basis, because Shadwell, and Tate, and White-
young and still plastic, let them look to the
head, and Pye, and Tupper grated on their real critics and let them try to be critics them-
scrannel pipes of wretched straw verses as flat selves. We know such a young poet, a scoffer
and insipid as their names? The great critic of critics, who has published a good deal of
is as rare as the great poet — and as eminent. promising work, whose spirit is “apprehensive,
But every one who seriously proposes to be a quick, forgetive, full of nimble fiery and de-
rich-spirited citizen of the world can and must lectable shapes. He is fond of voicing the
be poetical and critical.
old absurdity that a critic is an abortive and
The critics of criticism, then, must not utter disappointed artist. To take one instance of
their bitter whims if by chance they have any his abuse, we may remark that his attitude
relic of respect for logic. But their con toward Walter Pater is expressed in a ridic-
demnation to silence on this score is more ulous, unquotable phrase, the only justifica-
sweeping still. If they are poets and hate tion for which lies in its really vigorous, if
criticism, they must not talk about their meaningless, obscenity. He has been strongly
poetry. For that is criticism. Indeed, they influenced by two poets of recent days, both
must not show, even by a scornful lift of an admirable taken singly, but exceeding dan-
eyebrow or a delighted flash of the eyes, their gerous in combination. His verse, volatile,
contempt or their admiration for the work of often stirring, sometimes noble, tends, at
a brother bard. For these things are criticism. times, to harden too readily into a kind of
Whistler's desire that his paintings be re rhetorical lava and to become very thin. He
ceived in silence should have been more fully has all the marvellous gifts and faces all the
worked out into its solemn absurdity. Let us deadly perils of improvisation. His lines
imagine an ideal audience for these impatient glitter but seldom glow. At worst he falls to
poets and novelists, sculptors, musicians, archi- jingling. But he has one rare and highly
tects, and painters. These connoisseurs would poetic quality which ought to save him —
move about the long halls of a gallery staring magnanimity. And when his magnanimity
with studious blankness at the pictures, with impels him to think with more charity of criti-
ghostly footfalls, and arms laboriously limp cism he will be a richer poet than he now dares
and motionless, with faces as pallid and hope to be.
strange as those which may be seen in the The prejudice against criticism is probably
drawings of certain cheap and insincere imi- largely due to the fact that it is a parvenu
tators of the admirable post-impressionists. among the other artistic genres. People forget


372
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
the late birth of other forms, that after the and immortality. All our great Victorians
epic, the lyric, the tragedy, and the comedy are at present the storm-centres of fierce blame
had been perfected in Greek literature the and passionate lauds, and it may seem to many
novel began to emerge in the rather hectic quite futile to prophesy in the midst of these
and amorphous work of Heliodorus, Achilles murky clouds and capricious lightnings. Yet
Tatius, and others; that in England the great we dare assert that because of the new life
dramas were synchronous with the novel in its which came into criticism, which gave it a
nonage, “Doctor Faustus" with “Menaphon," sense of liberation and the magic of style, the
“Love for Love," a marvel of structure and great Victorian critics, men like Ruskin and
dialogue," with the vivid and racy and im- Carlyle, will emerge from the storm more ma-
mortal but elementary “Colonel Jack”; that jestic with their scars, as lofty and mountain-
the novel reached perfection with Fielding massive as men like Tennyson and Browning.
only when poetry grew spectre thin and fell Their heresies were great. But observe that
dead. We have said that great critics are as (for all their narrownesses) they were freer
rare as great poets. And as we call the meagre than any of the poets of their period from the
roll of supreme critics we realize that fully curse of Victorianism,- from idealism of the
a third of them belong to the last hundred whipped-cream variety. Let economist and
out of the many thousand years that have painter and architect and poet strip away the
marched silently with the human race. Let last bright shred of charlatanism and warped
us all be wary of Professor Saintsbury's sug- absurdity from them; their magisterial robes,
gestive but dangerous definition of criticism shaken free by wholesome scorn of the more
as merely what men “have said about litera- tawdry habiliments with which they half sub-
ture. We should count Plato among the merged their own true grandeur, will appear
critics (although he is claimed also by the the more opulent and stately. And for their
philosophers with perfect justice and, almost Promethean audacities they will be released
as plausibly, by some poets, by Shelley, for from the Caucasus and placed among the
instance, in his “Defense of Poetry') and gods.
hail the imperial Greek as the supreme master. Whether the poets, painters, novelists, acad-
After Plato we find that among the half-dozen emicians, and self-sufficient readers like it or
greatest critics from Aristotle to Lessing, not, criticism, the new genre, has already won
while there is luminous thought, there is the heights and is ennobled among the fine arts
seldom the magic that we call style. Perhaps in the book that registers eternal values. It
Aristotle's style in his finished work was remains for the critics themselves (careless of
greater even than Plato's. But of this we the old charge of arrogance which has always
know nothing. In the mellow but sometimes been urged against them) to dynamite those
overripe work of Cicero the style is rich but, two mildewed and fallacious conceptions: the
after all, too studied, not quite the man. fata Morgana of a belief that there is an
Dryden has style, but that was because he antithesis between criticism and creation, the
anticipated some of the methods of the critics pernicious half-truth that criticism is at two
who came when criticism first asserted itself removes from life. To give the quietus to the
as a genre. Dryden, in other words, could be outworn and mischievous antithesis between
impressionist as well as judicial critic. It was criticism and creation we must, like Spenser's.
impressionism, as it appears in solution with Britomart, see everywhere writ over the portals
other methods in work as different as that of in the Dædalian halls of our castle of strange
the alert portrait-maker, Sainte-Beuve, and the adventure, “Be bolde,
adventure, “Be bolde," "Be bolde," and yet
divine chit-chat of Charles Lamb, that gave to also, “Be not too bolde.” We must not in
critics the exhilaration, the suave fluidity, the
our arrogance jettison the old sane and pene-
curious incisiveness, the splendor (if we re trating ways of judging and admonishing that
member Taine, for all his formulæ), the glow, the critics learned with so many centuries of
which we call style. For impressionism began, toil. Professor Irving Babbitt has given us a
more fitfully and more soberly, before the weighty and memorable exhortation to blend
days of M. Anatole France and Jules Le judicial and impressionistic methods. His
maître. And, though we may well hold austere warning and his ideal are likely to have a
vigil over the wonder-working caprices of the permanent importance for us. On the other
impressionist, we owe to his delicately lawless hand, we must be bolder than Matthew Arnold,
blend of authentic fire with his delightful and who admitted an antithesis between criticism
vexatious cajolery a new substance which has and creation. For in the prose of Arnold, that
filled the dry veins of the old methods of Olympian turned to stone in mid-youth, we
criticism with something light and bright like shall observe, in his timorous shrinking from
quicksilver, not blood but ichor, the sap of art that lyrical intimacy and rich wistfulness


1914]
373
THE DIAL
we ex-
which gave us a few precious paragraphs like writes about it a paragraph so magical, so
the close of his introduction to his "Essays in eloquent, that it gives us a new ecstasy. “This
Criticism" and the opening of his essay on
is what we were 'with child' to say,
Emerson,— we shall observe in this pseudo- claim. We are delighted, too, with what we
stoical restraint the disastrous effect of his could not have said had we been articulate, the
belief in the antithesis between criticism and glamour of the other individual. Wherein
creation. We shall understand that our poet does the paragraph differ from the poem as
friend had caught part of the truth (but not
creation. The critic is, you rejoin, at two
the whole truth) when he maintained that removes from life. Why not say that his
criticism exercised a desiccating influence over
criticism is life sublimated ? Moreover, criti-
Matthew Arnold. We must be more truly
cism can never be at two removes from life
bold than Oscar Wilde, whose apparent para-
and sound criticism's deepest notes. If you
dox that the critic is more creative than the
write a book on Shakespeare, you must not only
artist is really nothing but a clever epigram- try to interpret the recesses of his mind, the
matic précis of the first part of Arnold's “The long avenues of his vision through his plays,
Function of Criticism at the Present Time," to reveal a person far more real than many of
which supports a thesis that before the “cre-
his contemporaries, and yours, who are con-
ative power” begins to work richly, sanely, sidered legitimate material in art; but you
and for all time there must always be great
must make contrasts and comparisons from
criticism to provide it "with elements, with
your first-hand observations of life about you.
materials” which criticism has made, or, in
If you write about Spenser's Sir Artegall, the
Wilde's skilful turn of the phrase, “created.”
giant, and the mob, you will do well if you
Wilde, then, really saw an inconsistency in
remember vividly the hours you spent on some
Arnold and in his foes. But the young city street watching the lean, eager, unshaven
hedonist was too perversely defiant; he sold profiles of laborers and listening to the fierce
his soul to snap at what he thought was a
accents of a speaker for the “International
paradox. To be sure, real paradoxes are fonts
Workers of the World.” If you would de-
of wisdom. But what of quasi-paradoxes? We lineate Spenser's Radigund and Britomart,
must not be too bold, but we must be bolder
you had best be able to say something about
than Mr. Paul Elmer More, who, in his dis-later-day feminism. If you grow ardent over
tinguished essay entitled “Criticism,” would the splendid vision of imperialism shadowed
assign the critic a certain pre-eminence by forth in “The Faerie Queene," you should
placing a Cicero above a Saint Paul, Erasmus weigh Spenser as prophet by thinking of the
above Luther. We need not thus refer the spacious growth of her empire in later cen-
matter to Dionysius and his grandiose scales.
turies and then of her terrific entanglement
Let us compare the ways of the poet with
with Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. And
those of the critic without thought of superi-
as Marlowe took his portrait of Faustus partly
ority or inferiority. And let us ask once more
from an old book and partly from his observa-
whether there is any real antithesis between
tions of some crony, some “university wit,'
criticism and creation, whether it is really so you will make your portrait of Marlowe out
suggestive to describe criticism as at two re-
of his works, his life, and verify and vivify
moves from life. In a certain grove there is your material out of your penetrating glances
a quiet pool. To this go many of us who are
at your neighbors, your casual glimpses of
laymen and one who is a poet. We laymen strangers from far lands, your friends, your
watch the sun-shafts strike the pool and grow
foes.
meditative over the changing shadows. We
Finally, English criticism need not go in
say nothing, or we struggle with some banality, russet; it may well flush to a sudden splendor
or we abuse some adjective whose mintage has
as in woods over night in a soft rain and in a
been worn smooth by irreverent and blunder brisk frost at smoky dawn in October. And
ing thumbs, or we explode with a bit of grace-
the work of a true critic is a wizardry that can
less slang. The poet writes a lyric. As we
make an audience as children, saucer-eyed
read it we cry: “This utters what we felt before a teller of tales, a pied piper. In these
but could not say; and it is divinely colored, days he must not be, as Mr. Howells, in a mood
moreover, with the unique personality of the of inconsistent petulance, once pronounced
singer." Then we add that it is a good poem, him: one who “has condemned whatever was,
that it is “beautiful,”! “stunning,” “bully, from time to time, fresh and vital in litera-
"damned fine"; or, perhaps, we read it with ture.' Rather he is, in the fine phrase of Mr.
out a word. Then comes the critic who shat- Henry James, a “torch-bearing out-rider."
ters our ideal with wholesome disillusion if the Remember Baudelaire on Wagner. The critic
poem is bad, who praises it if it is good and is as adventurous as the poet. He is lighted


374
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
on his happy journey, now by shy stars visible Anthon and the “Encyclopædia Americana”
only to him, now by the rich lanterns of the were pressed into service, and still other books
galleon-moon which seems to ride buoyantly of reference after them, but always to no pur-
over the endless, soft, and sullen seas of space pose. If the compilers had met in formal
on an infinite voyage like his own. Like the conclave before entering upon their several
dreamer in “The Critic as Artist,” he walks tasks, and had signed a solemn compact to
by moonlight and his punishment and his withhold this one piece of information, they
reward is to see the dawn before the rest of could not have shown greater unanimity of
the world.
HERBERT ELLSWORTH CORY.
secrecy on that subject. Doubtless there are
many similar and even more tear-compelling
tales of woe that other users of reference
CASUAL COMMENT.
books could unfold if they chose.
CONSPIRACIES OF SILENCE, or what seem to TREITSCHKE'S CASUISTRY is strikingly ex-
be such, on the part of those who make our emplified by some passages from his class-
reference books, must have been noted by room lectures as quoted by Professor Henry
every habitual user of those indispensable W. Farnam, of Yale, in "The Yale Alumni
literary tools. Almost beyond belief is the Weekly."
Weekly.” First, of the man himself he says
unanimity with which the most important that Treitschke was "a very large man, with
and, one would think, the most easily obtain a strong face and a decidedly impressive per-
able information on a given subject is some sonality, and the defect in his speech was
times withheld by all the encyclopædias and due to deafness caused by sickness in his
dictionaries and yearbooks and other reposi- | youth, in consequence of which he was unable
tories of general intelligence. For example, to modulate his voice. It was indeed so diffi-
the writer of this had occasion a few days ago cult for a beginner to understand him at all,
to need a brief and definite statement of the that during the first half of the first lecture
period of Roman history covered by the five of his which I attended, I could not make out
extant books of Polybius's forty-book histori- what he was talking about, and felt that I
cal work. Having no copy of Polybius at should have to give up the course. Then I
hand, he turned with confidence to Smith's suddenly found my ear attuned to his pecul-
“Classical Dictionary,” school edition; but
school edition; but iarities, and in time the very defects of his
though an article of reasonable length is there elocution seemed to lend emphasis to what he
devoted to the historian, and though the scope said." From his notebook of thirty-seven
of his entire work is indicated and the sur years ago the writer quotes this fragment of
vival of the first five books is stated, no men a lecture: “The purpose of the State is
tion is made of the period covered by those power, and nothing can be more moral than
books. However, this was considered pardon- this purpose. The statesman is often in a
able, though a little surprising, in an elemen- position to choose between two evils in order
tary reference book. Recourse was next had to maintain this highest good, but the diplo-
to the new and much-vaunted “Encyclopædia matist lies (if he does it) for the advantage
Britannica,” where a four-column account of the State, while the merchant lies for his
of Polybius at once offered cheering promise own advantage. The impulse of a youthful
of the desired aid. But it was a fallacious State to destroy an old and decaying State is
promise. With tiresome particularity every- higher than all maxims of positive law. The
thing except the one little point required was statesman who acts unwisely is immoral.”
found duly set forth by the erudite writer : | And in still more unmistakable terms:
the character and scope of the history, with “When a State has the choice between the
criticism of its style and comparison with moral and the immoral it should choose the
other similar works, and a statement of what moral, for good faith is in politics a real
proportion of the whole was extant, were power, but it is often possible to obtain a
properly placed before the reader, and every moral purpose only by immoral means, al-
now and then the writer seemed on the point though not every moral purpose sanctifies
of giving, as he could have done in three immoral means." That this Jesuitical doc-
words, the one item of information sought trine, as well as other precepts inculcated by
for; but somehow, with admirable ingenuity, the lecturer, aroused occasional protest, ap-
he always succeeded in avoiding the issue. pears from further remarks of Professor Far-
Then the large and excellent classical diction nam. “The vigor of his [Treitschke's] utter-
ary published by the Harpers, and edited by ances often called forth strong opposition
the late Professor Peck, was consulted, with among the students, which they expressed,
exactly the same result as before. After that according to the German custom, by rubbing


1914]
375
THE DIAL
the floor with the soles of their shoes. Al ness. But is there no remedy? As a tenta-
though Treitschke was stone deaf, it seemed tive suggestion, why not let every journal and
as if he must have felt these demonstrations magazine in a public reading-room have its
in some way, possibly through the vibrations appropriate sand-glass stationed near it,- an
of the floor, for whenever one occurred, he hour-glass for each of the monthly magazines,
would hit back with some oracular utterance a half-hour glass for the weeklies, a five-
like a sledgehammer, calculated to crush, if minute glass for the daily papers, and so on?
not to convince, his critics." The Treitschke A custodian could start the sand to running
leaven of a generation ago was evidently not as soon as a reader took possession of a jour-
deficient in ferment.
nal or periodical, and when the top of the
glass became empty that journal or periodical
THE ADHESIVE READER deserves a passing | Thus at last might we be relieved of the
would be subject to surrender upon request.
word. We have long had the gentle reader,
incubus of the adhesive reader.
the patient reader, the indulgent reader, the
intelligent reader, and, more recently, the
PUZZLES IN PRONUNCIATION abound in al-
duck-back reader, or the reader who reads
most any author-catalogue of our literature.
everything and retains nothing; and now it
Who is there that can without a single slip
is time we had an adjective to designate a
certain well-known type of reader whose
run through a list containing such doubtful
or difficult names as Behn, Tautphous,
chosen haunt is the reading-room of public Houghton, Besant, Palgrave, Beresford, Sea-
or semi-public character, and who contracts
well? Even at this late day the familiar
an incurable habit that suggests the propriety names, Roosevelt, and Carnegie, and Goethals,
of dubbing him "the adhesive reader.” No
and Loeb, are likely to be mispronounced. In
matter how early or how late you seek your order to remove doubt as to the proper pro-
club reading-room or your public library nunciation of a certain deservedly popular
reading-room, in the hope of snatching a five- | English author's patronymic we quote from
minutes' glance at your favorite daily paper a letter written by Mr. John Galsworthy to
or monthly magazine before proceeding on Mr. J. Walter Smith, London correspondent
your way to more pressing concerns, the adhe of the Boston “Transcript.” Mr. Smith had
sive reader is there before you, stuck fast to asked Mr. Galsworthy how he pronounced his
the sheet you are so desirous of scanning,
name, and the answer runs:
“As to my
plodding laboriously through its successive
name: It is one of those that to the end of
columns, and making about as rapid progress time people will pronounce as sweet will
as a fly crawling through a pot of glue. Two moves them. It is an old Devonshire name
minutes, perhaps one minute, could at need and before my family migrated seventy to
be made to suffice for your quick mastery of eighty years ago was pronounced with the A
all that the paper contains of importance as in 'Wall' and the S as Z. Some misguided
of such meagre fragments of authentic war
person, I suppose my grandfather, yielding
news, for instance, as you especially wish to to the blandishments of the usual London
glean ---- and you may perhaps constrain your pronunciation — the A as in “Gallon' and the
self to wait with outward composure durings as Z-tolerated and adopted that pro-
four of your allotted five minutes, in the faint nunciation, which I dislike. I have gone
hope of out-staying the adhesive reader by
back to the old. Violà.” There are those who
one minute and so capturing for that brief hold that in order to derive real benefit from
space the object of your quest. But if by the study of a foreign language, even if one's
chance you have the joy of seeing his eye purpose is merely to read its literature intel-
travel to the bottom of the last page, let not
ligently, its proper pronunciation must first
your heart exult prematurely; he will still be mastered. It may not be strictly necessary
baffle you by turning back to read the paper to know the pronunciation of an author's
(let us suppose it is the London “Times”)
name before one can thoroughly enjoy and
all over again, or to absorb the advertisements appreciate that author's works; but this
and commit to memory the births, marriages, knowledge is desirable and often very con-
and deaths. If peradventure you catch him venient.
nodding over this task, think not to be able
cautiously to remove his prey from his relax THE MUSE OF THE “MOVIES” has her praises
ing clutch. He will be all alert at your first worthily sung in this year's Hardy Prize
movement and will seem to take a malicious Poem at Williams College. While the theme
joy in your discomfiture. A clog to the read is not the most exalted or heroic imaginable,
ing-room machinery, he exults in his cloggish- | the poet, Mr. Charles William Brackett, of


376
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
In
" and
the senior class, has shown himself not unsuc selas," Mackenzie's "Man
“Man of
of Feeling,"
cessful in making it productive of thought and Thomas Day's “Sandford and Merton," and
imagery of no mean or paltry character. also “The Arabian Nights," "Robinson Cru-
“The New Muse" is the poem's title, with an soe, " and the once popular but less whole-
explanatory sub-title. "In Praise of the some imitation of the last-named, “The En-
Movies."
The muse's shrine, her worship- glish Hermit: or the Unparalleled Sufferings
pers, and some suggestive glimpses of the and Surprising Adventures of Philip Quarll,
ceremonial within her temple, are presented an Englishman: who was discovered by Mr.
in a dozen well-turned stanzas of eight lines Dorrington, a British Merchant, upon an un-
each. As printed in "The Williams Alumni inhabited island, in the South-sea, where he
Review," the poem opens thus:
lived about fifty years, without any human
“ Her shrine is a narrow darkened room-
assistance." Thomas Paine, Rochefoucauld,
A gleam of light through a powerful glass, and others represented the more serious de-
A speeding wheel and a smooth white screen partments of literature. Sterling even now is
Where her pageants of shadows pass;
but a small village, of about a thousand in-
Shadows, but filled with a fire of life
habitants; that it should have had a bookshop
Treading the measures she bids them dance
such as Thomas's, or any bookshop at all, a
Mirth, Adventure, and Love and Death,
The forms of a new Romance.
century and a quarter ago, is remarkable.
"And though they are tawdry and dim at times,
A PROSE EPIC IN FOUR BOOKS, the joint prod-
Their robes but pitifully fine,
uct of two boys' literary efforts in one of the
This muse can number more worshippers
Hull House classes, is winning deserved
Than all the haughtier nine.
plaudits from an admiring public.
This wonderful lady, this high Romance
strength and simplicity of style it reminds
Stepped down from the ivory hall
one of the great classics, of the Bible and
To give herself to the humble folks
Homer, of the Ramayana and the Mahabha-
For almost nothing at all."
rata. And the brevity of it is not its least
“Her watchers,” we are told, “are one with charm. We take the liberty to transcribe it
the listeners to Homer's stories of Troy, in full. The theme is the making of the first
after one “has passed through the gate of United States flag, and the point or moral of
the land of the stars, all for a five-cent fee,” the tale is obvious. “Book One. Wunst the
one“ returns to the trudging life of the little soldiers fighting King George found out that
everyday with a soul that droops less wearily they had to have a flag. The soldier that
for the glimpse of far away.” In closing thought of it first said: 'Bill, we ain't got
tribute to the new muse, the poet sings: no flag,' and Bill says it was so. Book Two.
“She gives great gifts to her worshippers, So they went to General George Washington,
Merciful gifts without cease,
the Father of His Country, and they says to
To the weary the gift of forgetfulness, General Washington, "General Washington,
To the troubled the gift of peace.”
we ain't got no flag. Ain't it fierce!' And
General George Washington says, 'Yes, that's
A BOOKSELLER OF THE OLD SCHOOL is pre we ain't got no flag. Ain't it fierce?'
sented to us in annual portraiture on the
Book Three. So General George Washing-
cover of “The Old Farmer's Almanac,” which ton, the Father of His Country, went to Betsy
has now made its appearance for the year
Ross, who lived on the corner of Beacon and
1915, being the 123d issue of this noted pub-
Chestnut streets, and General Washington
lication. Robert B. Thomas, whose face, with says, ‘Betsy, we ain't got no flag. Ain't it
that of Benjamin Franklin, adorns the out fierce?' Book Four. And General George
side of the almanac, published his useful lit Washington says, 'Ain't it fierce?' again
tle yellow-covered pamphlet, or at any rate three times. And Betsy Ross she says, 'I
offered it for sale, at his bookshop in Sterling, shed say it is fierce, General Washington, the
Mass.; and as Miss Mary Caroline Crawford Father of His Country. Here, you hold the
tells her readers in her book of this season, baby and I'll make one. Acknowledg.
“Social Life in Old New England," at this ments are due to the New York “Evening
little country bookshop he offered in 1797, as Post' for the foregoing version of this strik-
advertised in his almanac, a really remarkable ing composition, which is given on the au-
list of standard works, considering the time thority of Miss Jane Addams.
and place. In poetry there were Goldsmith,
Milton, Thomson, Young, Watts, and Ovid; AN AID TO LIBRARY EXTENSION,
and unques-
in fiction, Fielding, Smollett, Sterne, Miss tionably a very potent aid, would be a system
Burney, Mrs. Radcliffe, Johnson's "Ras of free delivery and return of books. Some
SO


1914]
377
THE DIAL
time ago there was introduced in the national any question that the civilization of mankind
House of Representatives, by Congressman suffers every time a German is transformed
Green of Iowa, a bill for the amendment of into a Yankee.' " So robust a faith in the sur-
section four hundred and forty-seven of the passing merit of one's own people and their
postal laws, as follows: "Except books mailed particular brand of civilization is really
by a public library to parties obtaining mail splendid to contemplate.
upon rural routes, running out of the city or
town in which such library is situated, which
COMMUNICATIONS.
books shall be admitted to the mails free both
when so sent and when returned by parties
LITERATURE AND WAR.
residing on the rural routes to such public
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
library." No announcement of the passage If I understand Mr. Moore's essay in THE DIAL
of this bill has yet made itself heard in the of October 1, the writer, disgusted with certain
deafening headlines of our newspapers, and popular stories, concludes that any upheaval is
it is safe to infer that it still remains in its
welcome which gives a prospect of their being
initial stage. Whether it is the proper busi- superseded by another type of literature. What
else can one understand from the plain statement
ness of the United States to relieve the sub-
that, “If the war with its seriousness and terror
urbanite of the fatigue of going to town for will deliver us from such base conceptions of life
his reading matter, may admit of argument; as are voiced in such literary work, it will be
but as long as it is the privilege of any and worth its cost"? Because a critic's æsthetic sense
every congressman to send out at public ex is outraged, the moral sense of the world may be
pense as many tons of his own speeches (in-outraged as an antidote. Mr. Moore may be re-
cluding the unspoken ones) as he wishes, and
ferred to “Thoughts on This War," which Mr. John
even to make still more questionable use of Galsworthy contributes to the November number of
“Scribner's Magazine”: “ Culture is not scien-
the mail service, so long might that service
tific learning; culture is not social method and iron
with entire propriety be made to minister to
discipline; culture is not even power of producing
the cause of culture in our rural communities.
and appreciating works of art — though in these
The "Iowa Library Quarterly" calls atten days you have not much of that. . . . Culture is
tion to the great benefit likely thus to accrue natural gentility — a very different thing." Thus
in calling into being new libraries in thinly- | Mr. Galsworthy, who is never vulgar and who prob-
settled districts already having rural deliv ably does not care for Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford.
ery. Passage of the bill would operate to
Mr. Moore's essay is interesting as giving an
increase the taxable area, so to express it,
instance of the loose thinking of a certain class
from which a country library would derive
when they gird at the unfortunate peace advocate.
its support.
To be sure he begins with disarming mildness:
“Perhaps it is bad taste for Americans, who are
apparently set as spectators of the present tournament
THE ONE ENGLISHMAN APPRECIATIVE OF of nations, to speculate on the literary consequences of
GERMAN CULTURE, so far as the much-quoted the world war. But after we have paid our tribute of
Professor Treitschke could determine, was
horror and pity to what are probably the most ap-
Carlyle — who was a Scotchman. But to
palling events of recorded history, our spirits must rise
to the majesty of these occurrences; we must feel that
Treitschke he was "the only Englishman who
they indicate or portend a great change in human
has thoroughly understood the Germans, and thought.”
the first foreigner who has risen to the heights It is pleasant to hear Mr. Moore giving a passing
of German thought.” At the other end of the sigh to the “horror” of the situation, else the
scale in this eminent scholar's estimation reader might have supposed either that it has
stood the renegade Prince Albert, who was
escaped his attention or that he has classed it all
born and bred a German, but deliberately
with the “hysteria” which he mentions in the next
bartered his birthright for the hand of an
line. Most of us have not observed a great amount
of hysteria. Horror there has been, and pity,
English queen. All the bad things written by among those who have imagination enough to grasp
Treitschke about the hated islanders, years
one-tenth of the misery involved; and there has
before the present international unpleasant been a wave of righteous anger against the men
ness, would be terrible reading for an Anglo who are responsible for this state of things; but
Saxon if they were not almost comic in their this is not necessarily hysteria. Perhaps Mr.
exaggeration. A direct assault on the Amer Moore means to class all peace talk in this cate-
ican branch of Anglo-Saxondom is to be gory. As a matter of fact the general feeling
found in his treatise on "The Beginnings of
seems to be no more in sympathy with peace at
German Colonial Policy,” in which he says:
any price than it is with Mr. Moore's jingoism.
The prevailing sentiments are disgust and dismay
“To civilization at large the Anglicizing of
at the war and its causes, and an equally strong
the German-Americans means a heavy loss. desire to see the thing fought to a finish at what-
.. Among Germans there can no longer be ever cost.


378
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
she receives none of the honors of a soldier, but is
shot without ceremony. At all times she exists on
sufferance. Sometimes in this year of grace she
is outraged. Yet women, “ frail bodies and gentle
minds” notwithstanding, have rarely been behind-
hand in patriotism.
And I believe that most
women as well as most men feel that, in this war
at least, the way to peace is by the sword. But
woe to him who exalts the sword as an idol. I
read of towns devastated, of children starving, of
beasts driven into barbed wire that cavalry may
pass safely over their bodies, of young girls coming
like hunted animals to the British rifle pits, and
on top of all this I skim a chapter from a recent
war novel. The chapter bears the uncompromising
title of “Rape."
Then some amused demon within me laughs, for
in my mind's eye I see Mr. Moore (with all his
womenkind presumably safe in this sordid land)
taking refuge in these glories from the contamina-
tion of “ Potash and Perlmutter."
HELEN MINTURN SEYMOUR.
Troy, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1914.
Mr. Moore's next paragraph contains a sentence
which General von Bernhardi might have written:
“For ourselves we think that this combative instinct
is the glory of our race — that it is a main force
which keeps humanity from becoming dull, listless,
enervated, and enslaved to sordid materiality.”
So many ideas crowd to the front on reading this
sentence that it is difficult to keep them from
toppling over one another. One remembers that
the war was planned and precipitated by a country
whose end was gain of a very material kind. One
remembers that the palm for gallantry goes to the
little peace-loving nation, a “nation of market
gardeners," which is not fighting for military glory
but the homely virtue of self-respect, a nation
which asks nothing better than to be let alone to
mine and till, weave and forge, in the land of its
fathers.
Few deny the righteousness of some wars, but
to welcome the present horror for its exhibitions
of courage is rather like welcoming a religious
persecution that reformers may show their mettle,
or like filling a region with a ruffian soldiery to
give young women an opportunity to prove their
courage by suicide. To enjoy a good fight is one
thing. Most of us do, women as well as men. But
to cry up war as an end in itself is not only
hideously immoral; it is dangerous, since it is
likely to land any people so obsessed just where
Germany will sooner or later be.
Mr. Moore hails the day when the flat, stale, and
unprofitable literature of domesticity shall be
swept away by an avalanche of war literature.
“Poetry and war were one and indissoluble.” But
it is hardly just to lay all the sins of dullness and
realism at the door of peace. To be sure, in war-
time Mr. Moore's despised “average unimportant
person” is apt to lose individuality in the great
herd of common soldiers and non-combatants, but
the novels of ordinary people and happenings are
the result of the ever-growing conviction of the
worth of every life and every class. And here is
another instance of Mr. Moore's loose thinking.
Miss Austen comes in for his contempt, but he
plays into his critic's hand when he accuses her of
superficiality. She was superficial. It is not
because she deals with quiet happenings, but be-
cause she never goes to the roots of things, that
Miss Austen, exquisite though she is, cannot stand
with the greatest. Mr. Moore would have made out
a better case for his war literature had he proved
that “ The Newcomes" or Scott's own Heart of
Midlothian” is inferior to “ Ivanhoe” or “ Quentin
Durward."
And now I wonder that I have had the temerity
to write this protest, for at such a time criticism
from a woman, a creature incapable of great
passions and thoughts," must seem an impertinence.
But from the context I gather that the great pas-
sion which most interests Mr. Moore is the passion
for war. Now it is only fair that that half of the
human race which gets the most misery and the
least glory out of a war should be heard when
war is discussed. A woman is driven from place to
place like a sheep. If she dares fight, as some of
the Belgian women fought, in defence of her home,
THE YOUNG FRENCH POETS.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In THE DIAL of October 16 there is an interest-
ing article on the dynamic movement in contem-
porary French poetry. I should like to express
my pleasure at the significant definition of the new
tendency, while taking exception to what is a slight
mislaying of emphasis. It should be clearly realized
that the leading spirit in this movement is M.
Beauduin, rather than M. Guilbeaux, for he is the
most intensely national of all the dynamic French
poets. M. Guilbeaux's most important work bears
the significant title, "Modern Berlin," and though
he can scarcely be called a disciple of M. Beau-
duin, he is easily second to the latter as an inter-
preter of French nationalism. Moreover, a close
acquaintance with the younger poets who are just
beginning to try their wings will show that they
are enlisting under M. Beauduin's banner.
“ La Vie des Lettres" has been the official
organ of this movement which M. Beauduin calls
paroxysm," but which I prefer to call “ dynam-
ism." Young France to-day is enrolling under the
standard of M. Paul Claudel or of M. Nicolas
Beauduin, according as it inclines to passive or to
dynamic life. Its most significant expression is
found in “La Vie des Lettres" or in “La Nouvelle
Revue Française,” according as it follows M. Beau-
duin or M. Claudel. “La Vie des Lettres" has now
been discontinued, as M. Beauduin is fighting at
the front, but he writes me that it will reappear
after the war. The article by M. Beauduin from
which Mrs. von Ende quotes is printed in English
in the July-August number of “Poet Lore," with
revisions by M. Beauduin. It is the manifesto of
the dynamic movement. It is supplemented by
M. Beauduin's article in the September number
of “The Poetry Journal.” M. Beauduin's most
significant volumes, “ The City of Men” and
“ The Cosmogonic Man,” are being translated into
English.
EDWARD J. O'BRIEN.
South Yarmouth, Mass., Nov. 6, 1914.
66


1914]
379
THE DIAL
>
The New Books.
glish translation under the title "The Truth
about Germany'') was given to Americans
leaving Germany. To counteract its influ-
THE GREAT WAR. *
ence Mr. Douglas Sladen has written “The
The European war has produced a flood of
Real ‘Truth about Germany'” which, taking
literature of all sorts. England and Germany up the German publication paragraph by
have published “White Papers, Russia, paragraph, gives the viewpoint of the English
Orange Papers,” and Belgium, “Gray Pa-
in refutation. There are certain variations
pers,” containing such portions of their offi between the German text and that given as
cial diplomatic correspondence as they sev-
the text in the English edition by Mr. Sladen.
erally chose to make public in presenting The latter's chapter “Who Is to Be Victo-
their part in the negotiations resulting in war.
rious?" (in which it is argued that Germany
A perusal, and still more a careful study, of will not continue to respect the Monroe Doc-
these documents brings the conviction, not trine) does not appear in the original. We
that any one nation is wholly in the wrong,
have no means of explaining this discrepancy
but as each claims to be right — that we
and mention it without meaning to reflect on
need another and better standard of deter any one. But what of it? A book of this kind,
mining what is right for a nation.
consisting as it does of opinions of men with
This observation holds not only of the offi-
different premises, converts but few.
cial publications but also of the increasing
“The Case of Belgium in the Present War,"
unofficial presentations of the several nations'
the work of the Belgian delegates to the
cases. These latter are already numerous.
United States, is an account of the violation
To England's defence come Sir Edward Cook
of the neutrality of Belgium and of the laws
with a short summary entitled “Why Britain
of war in Belgian territory by Germany. It
is at War," and Mr. J. M. Kennedy with the
contains diplomatic correspondence and the
more extended “How the War Began”, both findings of the Belgian commission in the
rest on the documents of the British “White form of a number of surprising affidavits and
Paper” and the speeches of Britishers, the statements of witnesses. These latter are in
texts of which they reproduce in part. “Why a number of cases not so convincing as to be
We Are at War: Great Britain's Case" is
above question.
issued by the members of the Oxford Faculty
Another group of books, less directly con-
of Modern History. Of the English presenta- cerned with the war but still a product of it,
tions at hand this is the best; with its intro-
has begun to appear. “The Russian Army
duction on the preliminaries of the war, and
from Within” is the work of Mr. Barnes
the text of the document, it makes a useful Steveni, who for twenty-seven years lived
handbook.
in Russia. Though written in the greatest
haste, the book is readable and instructive.
The Germans have not lagged in the com-
petition to capture public opinion. We have is the backbone of the army, is of medium
The peasant, who, according to Mr. Steveni,
at hand a pamphlet entitled “Die Wahrheit
stature, and as a recruit more often than not
über den Krieg," prepared jointly by Paul
illiterate, careless, procrastinating, happy-
Dehn, Dr. Drechsler, Dr. Francke, and seven
go-lucky, slavish, superstitious; the finished
other prominent Germans, and known to have material is excellent, hardy, stubborn, self-sac-
been circulated broadcast. It is this pam-rificing, and ready to die, one of his proverbs
phlet which (in a substantially literal En- being “Life is a farthing." He is a child of
* WHY BRITAIN IS AT WAR: The Causes and the Issues. By nature, easily satisfied, but also subject to fits
Sir Edward Cook. New York: The Macmillan Co.
of passion. “A great fault of the Russian army
By J. M. Kennedy. New York:
George H. Doran Co.
is its poorly managed Commissariat. . . . So
WHY WE ARE AT WAR: Great Britain's Case. By members
of the Oxford Faculty of Modern History. Oxford: Clarendon
long as the Russian Government persists in
the questionable practice of paying its offi-
THE REAL “ TRUTH ABOUT GERMANY”: Facts about the
War. By Douglas Sladen.
cials and public servants about half the wages
due to them this evil will never be eradi.
for the Belgian Delegates to the United States.
cated.” On the prospects of the war Mr.
THE RUSSIAN ARMY FROM WITHIN. By W. Barnes Steveni.
Steveni says, “it is difficult not to believe that
New York: George H. Doran Co.
THE GERMAN ARMY FROM WITHIN. By a British Officer Russia will emerge victorious .. provided
who served in it. New York: George H. Doran Co.
that her officers and generals are on a line with
THE SECRETS OF THE GERMAN WAR OFFICE. By Dr. Arm-
gaard Karl Graves. New York: McBride, Nast & Co.
her brave and hardy soldiers, and that the
How GERMANY MAKES WAR. By Friedrich von Bernhardi.
New Edition. New York: George H. Doran Co.
alien races subject to her sway remain loyal."
GERMANY AND THE NEXT WAR. By Friedrich von Bern “The German Army from Within,” by “a
hardi. Translated from the German by Allen H. Powles.
New Edition. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
British Officer who has served in it” is a
..
How THE WAR BEGAN.
Press.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE CASE OF BELGIUM IN THE PRESENT WAR. Published
New York:
Macmillan Co.


380
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
moderately interesting account of personal that afterwards the stream will, so to say, move
experiences. It is unsympathetic and far on automatically.' ... We Germans shall in the
from flattering to the German army. Says
next war 'be obliged to fight against enemies far
the anonymous author : “I speak with knowl- superior in numbers, and shall therefore need spir-
itual superiority to equalize the numerical one.”
edge of both English and German soldiers –
The book which has made General von Bern-
privates, non-coms., and officers of rank -
hardi famous, is “Germany and the Next
and I am firmly convinced that one British
Tommy is the equal of three Germans of the War,”' first published in 1912. The vogue of
same rank”; and, elsewhere, “The artillery,
this book in the present crisis, which is the
“next war" the author had in mind, is indi-
too, is much given to stale technicalities, cir-
cus tricks, and so on, and to adherence to
cated by the many editions appearing. The
sudden demand of the reading public for this
conservative notions of artillery operations.
book may be explained in the words of Mr.
However, these are merely opinions. What
Bryce. General von Bernhardi's doctrines,
value this book has lies in its narrative of
based on Treitschke's, he says, "would have
army life in Germany.
deserved little notice, much less refutation,
“The Secrets of the German War Office"
but for one deplorable fact, that action has
by the pseudonymous Dr. Graves is without
been taken by the government of a great
a doubt the most thrilling reading in the list.
nation ... which is consonant with them
It purports to be the experiences of a German
and seems to imply a belief in their sound-
secret agent, and the circumstantial story and
ness.
General von Bernhardi has accord-
the obvious knowledge of the countries visited ingly come to be regarded as the spokesman
as well as the specific facts mentioned, make
of the partly imagined and at best undefined
it seem a true narrative. Chapters have been
Chapters have been Pan-Germanism, made
Pan-Germanism, made so well-known in
printed in magazines, which seem to take the English-speaking countries by Mr. Roland
story for what it pretends to be. Still, as Usher's clever book.
someone has remarked, the author is either a
Two chapters of Bernhardi are, at the pres-
faker or a traitor. Certain it is that the story ent juncture, the most interesting - one on
of the secret agent's betrayal by his own coun the “Character of Our Next War,” the
try and his consequent defection to England other on “The Next Naval War." We shall
is a bit thin. An acquaintance who claims to attempt a résumé of these, giving the author's
have been in the German secret service for words where possible.
some years declares the book to be a fake,
“England, France and Russia have a com-
though he admits that its author knows some
mon interest in breaking down our power.
of the practices of the German Intelligence This interest will sooner or later be asserted
Office. Whether the book is history or ro by arms." For a continental European war,
mance it is fascinating reading and it is no
General von Bernhardi thinks, the British
wonder that the first edition was exhausted
Territorial army may be left out of account as
in two days and the second in two weeks.
“its military value cannot be ranked very
Two books by the oft-mentioned General | highly." Germany will have to deal only
von Bernhardi are at hand. “How Germany with the British regular army:
Makes War" is an English condensation of
“It is very questionable whether the English
the German original published in 1911. It is army is capable of effectively acting on the offen-
a technical work which discusses the prob- sive against Continental European troops. In
lems of modern warfare and proposes certain South Africa the English regiments for the most
changes in the methods now in use in part fought very bravely and stood great losses;
Germany. General von Bernhardi is an ex on the other hand, they completely failed in the
cavalry officer with wide experience and
offensive, in tactics as in operations, and with few
knowledge of military history. In this work
exceptions the generalship was equally deficient.
The last maneuvers on a large scale held in Ireland,
he seeks to discover "not only the nature of
under the direction of General French, did not, ac-
war of today in theory, but also to develop cording to available information, show the English
from this cognition a superior principle of army in a favorable light so far as strategical
action, ...
ability went.
“ It seemed to me possible and useful to con “ The tactical value of the French troops is, of
duct war from the outset in accordance with dis course, very high; numerically the army of our
tinct principles recognized a priori, and to master neighbour on the west is almost equal, and in some
spiritually the powerful forces bound to be let directions there may be a superiority in organiza-
loose in it, instead of leaving them to their innate tion and equipment; in other directions we have
impulses, in opposition to the Italian general who a distinct advantage. The French army lacks the
insists that in a war of the future only the original subordination under a single commander, the
direction given to the masses can be intended, but united spirit which characterizes the German army,


1914]
381
THE DIAL
won.
war
the tenacious strength of the German race, and the is only half won, they would have to expect con-
esprit de corps of the officers. France, too, has not tinuous renewals of the contest, which would be
those national reserves available which would allow contrary to their interests. They know that well
us almost to double our forces."
enough, and therefore avoid the contest, since we
In Russia “hatred of Germany is as per-
shall certainly defend ourselves with the utmost
sistent as ever,” and public opinion would
bitterness and obstinacy. If, notwithstanding, cir-
cumstances make the war inevitable then the inten-
favor a war in the west. So far as Russian
tion of our enemies to crush us to the ground, and
troops go they fight with great stubbornness.
our own resolve to maintain our position victo-
But in the Japanese war the “Russian army riously, will make it a war of desperation.
quite failed on the offensive, in a certain sense “ We must therefore prepare not only for a
tactically, but essentially owing to inadequacy short war, but for a protracted campaign. We
of the commanders and the failure of the must be armed in order to complete the overthrow
individuals. . . . It can hardly be presumed of our enemies, should the victory be ours; and,
that the spirit of Russian generalship has
if worsted, to continue to defend ourselves in the
completely changed since the defeats in Man very heart of our country until success at last is
A nation of 65,000,000 which stakes all
churia. ... This army must therefore al-
her forces on winning herself a position, and on
ways be met with a bold policy of attack."
keeping that position, cannot be conquered.”
General von Bernhardi expects the revolution-
General von Bernhardi's forecast of the
ary elements in Russia (and also Japan and
China in the East) to operate as restraining probable campaigns of Germany's“next war”
forces against Russia in the next European
(and particularly what he has to say about
-one of the few instances in which he Belgium's place in them) has contributed
conspicuously misjudged what has happened. wide notoriety:
more than anything else to give his book its
General von Bernhardi proceeds to consider
what forces Germany can count on against France) in combination with England, it may be
“If the war ... be waged against us [by
England, France, and Russia. He does not
assumed that the allied Great Powers would at-
regard the Triple Alliance as solid :
tempt to turn our strategical right flank through
“We are not even sure of their diplomatic help, Belgium and Holland, and penetrate into the heart
as the conduct of Italy at the conference of Alge of Germany through the great gap in the fortresses
ciras sufficiently demonstrated.
It even
seems between Wesel and Flushing. This operation
questionable at the present moment whether we would have the considerable advantage of avoiding
can always reckon on the support of the members the strong line of the Rhine and threatening our
of the Triple Alliance in a defensive war. ... If naval bases from the land side.
we consider how difficult Italy would find it to “ The main issue for England is to annihilate
make her forces fit to cope with France, and to our navy and oversea commerce, in order to pre-
protect her coasts against hostile attacks, and if vent, from reasons already explained, any further
we think how the annexation of Tripoli has created expansion of our power. But it is not her interest
a new possession, which is not easily defended to destroy our position as a Continental Power,
against France and England, we may fairly doubt or to help France to attain the supremacy in
whether Italy would take part in a war in which Europe.”
England and France were allied against us. England's participation in the land war will
"Austria is undoubtedly a loyal ally. . . . Nev show desperate energy “only so far as it pur-
ertheless, there is cause for anxiety, because in a sues the object of conquering our naval
conglomerate State like Austria, which contains bases.'
numerous Slavonic elements, patriotism may not 'Our western frontier,' General von
be strong enough to allow the Government to fight Bernhardi continues, "in itself strong, can be
to the death with Russia, were the latter to defeat
easily turned on the north through Belgium
The occurrence of such an event is not im-
probable. When enumerating the possibilities that
and Holland. No natural obstacle, no strong
might affect our policy, we cannot leave this one
fortress, is there to oppose a hostile invasion,
out of consideration.
and neutrality is only a paper bulwark."
“ We shall therefore some day, perhaps, be
In the naval actions of the “next war” Ger-
faced with the necessity of standing isolated in a many
great war of the nations, as once Frederick the “ will be thrown on her own resources and will
Great stood, when he was basely deserted by En have to protect herself singlehanded against supe-
gland in the middle of the struggle, and shall have rior forces which will certainly press her hard.
to trust to our own strength and our own resolu ... As regards matériel and training, it may be
tion for victory.
assumed that our fleet is distinctly superior to the
“ Such a war
for us more than for any other French and Russian, but that England is our equal
nation — must be a war for our political and in that respect. Our ships' cannons will probably
national existence. This must be so, for our oppo show a superiority over the English, and our tor-
nents can only attain their political aims by almost pedo fleet, by its reckless energy, excellent training,
annihilating us by land and by sea. If the victory and daring spirit of adventure, will make up some
us.


382
[Nov. 16
THE DIAL
of the numerical disadvantage. It remains to be Cramb considered the newer spirit of Ger-
seen whether these advantages will have much
many. As exponents of this German spirit he
weight against the overwhelming superiority of an
uses General von Bernhardi and men of his
experienced and celebrated fleet like the English.” school, such as Treitschke and Delbrück. If
English commerce must be attacked :
General von Berhardi really represents a con-
“ The prizes which fall into our hands must be
siderable influence in German thinking, and
remorselessly destroyed since it will usually be im what Cramb wrote had any real influence in
possible, owing to the great English superiority England, there is no wonder that the two
and the few bases we have abroad, to bring them nations are at war; for neither book poured oil
back in safety without exposing our vessels to on troubled waters. EDWARD B. KREHBIEL.
great risks. The sharpest measures must be taken
against neutral ships laden with contraband. Nev-
ertheless, no very valuable results can be expected
BLAKELOCK.*
from a war aganst England's trade.
“Under these circumstances, nothing would be Not many know the work of Blakelock, even
left for us but to retire with our war-fleet under of those interested in American landscape,
the guns of the coast fortifications, and by the use and of those few I should hardly claim to be
of mines to protect our own shores and make them one. Blakelock's pictures are chiefly in pri-
dangerous to English vessels.”
vate collections and are but rarely to be found
“It would be necessary to take further steps to in the great galleries. There are two (not
secure the importation from abroad of supplies
very characteristic, as I remember) in the
necessary to us, since our own communications will
be completely cut off by the English. The simplest Metropolitan Museum, but I do not recall any
in the galleries of Boston, Philadelphia, or
and cheapest way would be if we obtained for-
eign goods through Holland or perhaps neutral
Chicago, or in the Corcoran Gallery. Slight
Belgium. ..
note of him will be found in the histories of
art. He is commonly mentioned, in passing,
General von Bernhardi is certain that Ger-
among the recent painters," but with little
many "must lose no time in preparing a road
account of his art. It will be a surprise to
on which we can import the most essential
some who know of him to know that he is still
foodstuffs and raw materials, and also export, living, though of clouded mind. He will not
if only in small quantities, the surplus of our
be found in “Who's Who in America.”
industrial products.” But without the aid of
Yet there are pictures of his that once seen
land forces to attack German naval bases from
make a very lasting impression. In the gal-
the rear, the allies, in his opinion, "could not
lery of the National Museum are, or used to
obtain a decisive result.” The prospect of be, two, of which the sentiment has lingered
any successful issue for Germany in naval long in my mind, even though the forms and
warfare against the combined French and subjects have vanished, a sentiment that seems
English fleet “shrinks into the background”: indeed independent of the forms of nature
“But we need not even then despair. On the which the painter has rendered. A discrim-
contrary, we must fight the French fleet, so to inating critic has called Blakelock "that
speak, on land — i. e., we must defeat France so
superb spiritualist of the woods," a phrase
decisively that she would be compelled to renounce
that points to something of the same sort. Of
her alliance with England and withdraw her fleet
one of the Blakelocks of the Evans collection,
to save herself from total destruction. Just as in
1870-71 we marched to the shores of the Atlantic, exhibited some time ago at the Lotos Club, I
so this time again we must resolve on an absolute read, “Nothing could be more romantic than
conquest, in order to capture the French naval this. A night sky, green with the moon's
ports and destroy the French naval depots. It radiance; clouds that are tinted like smoke;
would be a war to the knife with France, one a great high moon, its edges melting into a
which would, if victorious, annihilate once for all luminous haze
luminous haze - a world simple yet indescrib-
the French position as a Great Power. If France, able, grand, and infinitely appealing."
with her falling birth-rate, determines on such a
There is a particular quality in work which
war, it is at the risk of losing her place in the first
calls forth such expressions, something that
rank of European nations, and sinking into per-
the lover of art or nature may well desire to
manent political subservience. Those are the
stakes."
know. Other American landscape painters do
not impress us in such a way. Not many of
A valuable commentary on General von them would be thought of as romantic in any
Bernhardi's book is “Germany and En- such a sense. If they are romantic it is with
gland,” by the late Professor Cramb, of
the romance of Thomas Cole or Frederick E.
Queen's College, London. This book, which Church, now reviving in the ideals of later
was reviewed in THE DIAL of October 16, is
* RALPH ALBERT BLAKELOCK. By Elliott Daingerfield. Illus-
an attempt to interpret to Englishmen what
trated. New York: Frederic Fairchild Sherman.


1914]
383
THE DIAL
US. *
men — the romance of mountain-height and line, a very low horizon or sky-line, and the mys-
river-gorge, of torrent and precipice. Later terious glint of water somewhere out there among
landscape painters, with their feeling for the the shadows, but the great sky soars up from hori-
beauty of everyday nature and the exhilara zon to zenith, arching overhead superbly, and
tion of sunlight, are not apt to be romantic.
baffling all search in its gradations; the moon
hangs low and fills the air with light, a faint haze
This is something different. With a view of
surrounds it, almost a halo, and the light is that
appreciating such a quality, or at least of
mysterious mingling of opaline colors merging into
finding some definition of it, one may turn to pale greens and blues, splendidly assembled, and
Mr. Daingerfield's recent monograph. The performing their work of gradation quite per-
book is one of the series which includes also fectly."
the studies of George Inness and of Homer Mr. Daingerfield has no idea that he is
Martin, by Mr. Daingerfield and Mr. Mather. attaining the impossible in this description.
Blakelock is hardly a painter of such note as He comments on his own work:
either of these: we rather regret that if a Authors and erities have an easy way of writing
study is to be published, a beautiful book to things about pictures which mean little, rhapso-
be produced, it should not be of one of the dising sometimes and condemning at others, and
greater men. We wish some one would write always building up meanings for the reader's
adequately of Cole or Durant, to tell us, at pleasure. Is n't it enough, perhaps, to say that a
least, what they were in their own day and man's vision has been handed on to us by processes
generation, if not still. But one may be of perfect craft so that we are aware, completely
thankful for whatever one can get in a field so,- of its beauty and haunting charm ?”
where special studies are so uncommon.
What, then, is to be said in a book on Blake-
On beginning Mr. Daingerfield's book one lock? It may be useful to some to have the
would perhaps get the idea that Blakelock had facts of his life and his place in the develop-
something particular to say, that his effort was ment of the landscape art of our country.
to render some definite report of what he had
Others would like a list, even tentative, of his
learned from nature, that in his heart was pictures and some definite idea as to where
some profound belief that he would share with they may be found, so that they may get from
But such a notion would be mistaken, and the pictures themselves the pleasure they can
indeed if one looked in Mr. Daingerfield's book never get from an account of them. Mr. Dain-
for any definite belief or idea of Blakelock's, gerfield does not concern himself with these
one would be disappointed. Whatever report matters, although he has a few anecdotes of
Blakelock would have rendered of nature, the painter and with each illustration men-
whatever he had to say as a result of his study tions the place where the picture hangs. Fur-
of her, was something to be rendered or said ther, one might want to know something of
in painter's medium only, something not to Blakelock's technique, and on this matter Mr.
be put in definite form of words. This it is, Daingerfield has a good deal of information.
perhaps, that leads one to say that there is But these things are slight compared with
something spiritual in his work,— something what we really wish to know about the painter.
independent not only of the material form, On this subject I believe the following will
but of the intellectual idea as well.
be of use: Blakelock cared comparatively
As to what this strange something is, Mr.
little for form, either in his composition or in
Daingerfield gives us no very satisfactory ac-
his rendering of particular objects. He was
count, and that in part for the reason just absorbed in other things. And this is some-
given, that such things cannot be put into thing that many people will like to appre-
words. Just in so far as they are the painter's ciate. There is something in nature besides
report they can be rendered by the painter form, something that in many minds is infi-
only. Mr. Daingerfield has two means at hand: nitely superior to form. Many think that if
he can offer description, and so he does, and you paint a tree people ought to know what
he can offer illustrations. But neither means
kind of tree it is, whether oak or hop horn-
is adequate; for photograph cannot give color, beam or mulberry. Blakelock had no such
which in Blakelock is a necessary thing, and idea: he would have distinguished probably
words tend to intellectualize. We do not en-
between the elm and the banyan tree, but not
tirely get the magic quality in the reproduc- by the shape of their leaves. He saw other
tion of Mr. Clarke's "Moonlight," nor in this things in nature, and one good thing about an
description :
appreciation of him is that it shows that there
“ Its beauty depends quite entirely upon the sky,
are other things than form to see.
– there is little else. Slight trees above the earth
Of these other things color is one, and
Blakelock certainly loved color, though Mr.
• See p. 10, where Mr. Daingerfield uses expressions of this
Daingerfield does not think him a great color-
• sort.


384
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
ist. Harmony of color or of value, then, may tion with this event that Victor Hugo first saw
be looked for in nature or in Blakelock's ren her; and in no long time Mlle Drouet had
dering of her. But though harmony of color renounced her millionaire and her career to
or of value is a beautiful factor in his work, become the mistress, the life-long friend, the
yet it is never the one particular thing which most worshipful adorer, of the great poet.
he saw in nature, the particular matter of Hugo was already married, and his friends
which he wished to make report, that seemed were amazed, as Mr. Davidson says in his ex-
always to make the main impression on him. cellent life of Hugo, to find the model husband
It is then a sentiment or an emotion that and father, the poet whose verses proclaimed
Blakelock conveys, rather than beauty of form the sacredness of hearth and home, running
or harmony of color, rather than idea or story. like any common mortal after an actress. “It
But his sentiment or emotion does not appear is very seldom," writes one of them, “that
to be one of the common sentiments or emo one can find Hugo at home now; he
goes
there
tions. It is not that he makes us melancholy only at meal time. Poor Madame Hugo!"
or cheerful; it is something different, some The circumstance of a man's leaving his
thing elusive, something that we call romantic. wife to run after an actress presents nothing
This, whatever it be, is the interesting thing that is novel, and but little that is interesting.
about Blakelock. The earlier American land Yet Hugo's state of mind on this occasion, so
scape artists were generally bent on rendering far from commonplace was it, is perhaps worth
the more grandiose forms of nature, and the remarking. He did not adopt the cynical tone
emotion which one may find in their works was of a man of the world, nor can it be discov-
the emotion of one who leaves a humdrum civ ered that he ever experienced any feeling of
ilization to commune with the spirit of some remorse. To one of his friends, who uttered
other world more attuned than ours to the some protest or other, he replied:
higher aspirations of the soul. They gave us “No one understands me, not even you, Pavie.
in picture what Byron gave in poetry. The I have never committed more faults than this
later landscape painters from Inness down, year, and I have never been a better man - far
have tried to reveal to us an other-world in better now than in my time of innocence which
the familiar lines and harmonies of the field
you regret. Yes, formerly I was innocent; now
and wood and meadow of every day. They are
I am indulgent. That is a great gain, God knows.
more like Wordsworth. Blakelock does neither.
I have beside me a dear friend, [his wife, he
means] an angel whom you venerate as much as
His world is suggested by reality but it is his
I do, who pardons me and loves me still. To love
own. It is a painter's world and to come to it and to forgive — that is not of Man, it is of God
you must come by the painter's way.
or of Woman."
We have here in painting one of the char To one who is familiar with Hugo, even this is
acteristics of much of the romance of the not novel; but it must be allowed to be rather
later nineteenth century, an inheritance of the interesting. We do not recall that Rousseau,
extravagant individualisms of earlier years. who was very good at this sort of intellectual
Blake, long ago, the Rossettis, Morris, Swin-prestidigitation, ever proved himself a better
burne, Yeats, are poets who seek an other-
master of the art. And perhaps Hugo never
world of poetic beauty, a world of their own,
revealed himself more perfectly, or ever better
having but slight connection with the actual exposed the peculiar quality of the romantio
circumstance we know. Practical America
mind, than in just this phrase: “I have
cares little for these things, which is one rea-
never committed more faults than this year,
son for the older neglect of Blakelock. It is a
and I have never been a better man.” Hugo
good sign that he becomes more widely known.
was of those who value experience rather by
EDWARD E. HALE.
its intensity than its quality. Experience, if
only it be of a penetrating sort, adds to the
JULIETTE DROUET AND VICTOR HUGO.* sum of emotional expression in the world, — a
quite sufficient justification. Now, to betray
In 1833, Julienne Gauvain, formerly the your wife and to be forgiven is such an expe-
model and the mistress of Pradier but then
rience — all the more so in case your purpose
living with a Polish millionaire, was playing is to go on betraying her and to be still for-
minor parts at the Porte-Saint-Martin under given: an experience which stimulates the
the stage name of Juliette Drouet. When
sensibilities and, by multiplying these poig-
“Lucrèce Borgia” was put on she took the
nant memories that touch the source of tears,
part of Princess Negroni. It was in connec-
proves the presence of the good heart. Re-
* THE LOVE LETTERS OF JULIETTE DROUET TO VICTOR HUGO. morse! There could be no question of re-
Edited by Louis Gimbaud. Translated by Lady Theodora
Davidson. New York: McBride, Nast & Co.
morse, still less of cynicism. Hugo could only


1914)
385
THE DIAL
be thankful for faults which were the out science: “I have never committed more
ward expression of an inward grace; they but faults than this year, and I have never been
intensified in him, as it were, that élan vital a better man.” Surely, the redemption of
which is the measure of virtue.
one poor woman provided a treasury of good
Poor Madame Hugo! Yes, but poor Mlle works upon which one could safely draw for
Drouet also. Her connection with Hugo | indulgence to persist in very human faults.
lasted fifty years -- until the lady's death in It would be interesting to follow in some
1883. After she left the excitement of the detail the fortunes of this idealized concep-
theatre for the somewhat cloistered existence tion of their affair, to disengage, as it were,
which Hugo provided for her, time hung from the commonplace events of their lives
heavy on her hands, and she complained of the process of redemption. In the early years,
it. “Write to me," said Hugo. "Write me the prospect of achieving an object so intangi-
everything that comes into your head, every ble seemed slight enough. For Mlle Drouet
thing that causes your heart to beat.” And was no docile penitent. She was often in
so she did. Day after day, for fifty years, passionate revolt, protesting against Hugo's
she produced these notes, left in the room to insane jealousy, complaining bitterly of his
be picked up by her lover,"scribbles," as self-absorption, resenting his brutal remind-
she called them, twenty thousand of them ers of her fallen days, mad with jealous rage
still preserved, from which M. Gimbaud has at his betrayals. She threatens to leave him,
selected a few as worthy to be printed. As often thinks on suicide, or darkly hints at
letters, it can hardly be said they were worth dire misfortunes coming to pass when he is
printing at all. Their value is in displaying least prepared. But the impulse to action
the behavior of Hugo's really sublime egoism seems always spent in the frenzy of disclos-
in a relation the most intimate in the world, ing the reasons for it; and we can well imag-
in revealing the effect of it, day by day and ine the exhausted lady, whenever her lover
year by year, upon the woman who was bound crosses her threshold again, gladly sinking
to him as with wain ropes by an overmaster into his reconciling embrace. Her state of
ing and singularly enduring attachment. mind during these early years she has herself
It is well known that few people found it not inaptly portrayed in a graphic sentence.
possible to associate on terms of equality with Having distinguished, apropos of nothing in
Hugo. If he had possessed a sense of humor particular, her varied ways of loving her
he might have defined his friends as those “great little man,” she says: “That is why,
who were willing to take him at his own my glorious Victor, at one and the same mo-
valuation. And Mlle Drouet's taking him so ment I can rage, weep, crawl or stand erect:
sincerely and so unreservedly at his own I bow my head and venerate you!”
valuation was doubtless one secret of her per Rage, weep, crawl, or stand erect as she
sistent hold upon him. But even Hugo must might, Mlle Drouet always ended by bowing
soon have grown weary of a woman who her head in veneration. That is the main
could flatter him in no more delicate way than point: the idea that Hugo was the God-made
by repeatedly calling him the greatest man in man to redeem and rescue her never lost its
the world; and in fact there was, in his rela power; and curiously enough this ideal, pre-
tion with Mlle Drouet, or in their manner of posterous in itself no doubt, was in a manner
regarding it, something which ministered to realized; a kind of spiritual regeneration did
his vanity in a way quite out of the ordinary. in fact come to pass, such is the strange power
Their relation, from the beginning, they of ideals, even the most unpromising. The
transformed, in true romantic fashion, into poor lady learned the meaning of Faust's
something other than it was, into a religious “Entbehren sollst du, sollst entbehren!”
rite if you please, a sacrifice or atonement And we may contrast with the sentence just
that was to work a kind of redemption of the quoted words which she set down one eve-
lady's unregenerate nature. Such, at least,
Such, at least, ning in 1853, during the exile on the island
was her own understanding of the matter. of Jersey, as an evidence of the transforma-
“I see you as you are," she writes, “that is tion that had been effected :
to say, a God-made man to redeem and rescue “I come to tell you that I love you without
me from the infamous life to which I had so regret for the past or fear for the future. I come
long been enslaved.” This is an idea to which
with a smile on my lips and a blessing in my
we can imagine Hugo assenting without re-
bosom, with my hand upon my mutilated heart
luctance, and without a smile. The rôle was
and my eyes full of pardon, with my purity re-
stored and my soul redeemed by twenty years of
one for which he was well fitted; and it had
fidelity and love, with my delusions swept away
this singular advantage, that it enabled him
and my faith shining. . . . I constitute you the
to say at any time, and with a clear con supreme arbiter of my fate. Do with me what


386
[Nov. 16
THE DIAL
you will in this life so long as you take me with index: Browning, Bryan, Buddha, and Bur-
you in the next. I sacrifice my feelings to the gundy; Ogive, Olives, and Ovid; Vegetarian-
virtue of your wife and the innocence of your
ism, Velasquez, and Verlaine.
daughter, as a homage and as a safeguard, and I
From the foregoing it will be clear that the
reserve my prayers and tears for poor fallen
women like myself."
worth of these writings will depend on the
For restoring the purity of fallen women,
personality of the author; and it is equally
clear that the reviewer thinks they are valu-
there are more conventional ways, and bet-
able, or he would not be burdening his readers
ter ones, doubtless, than that of bestowing
with all this comment. The work of Mr.
twenty years of fidelity and love upon another
Ellis has been most varied. He has been a
woman's husband; nevertheless, in Mlle
teacher in Australia, a medical student and
Drouet's case, a life of devotion and service,
winning at last the recognition of Hugo's
practitioner in England, a literary critic, an
editor of plays, a thoughtful and fruitful
family and the respect of his friends, did in-
scientist, a zealous social reformer, and inci-
vest the declining days of the white-haired
dentally a lover of painting, music, sculpture,
lady with a certain nobility at least, if not
and travel. His publications are so well
perhaps with that “majestic dignity" which
known that we need not enumerate them,
Jules Claretie attributed to her at the time
although their range of diversity is not al-
of her death.
CARL BECKER.
ways realized. For instance, many readers
have enjoyed “The Soul of Spain” without
knowing that its author has also written sev-
MR. HAVELOCK ELLIS OBSERVES. *
eral substantial volumes on the psychology of
“Follow your author,'
" said a conserva sex and kindred subjects. Now, when a man
tive French editor to a neophyte, “and you
of these varied talents and interests, having
will probably write a useful review." But reached the age of fifty-three, decides to give
how is one to follow a man of so versatile a the world a book of the type we failed to de-
talent as that of Mr. Havelock Ellis when he scribe in our first paragraph, the reading
flits so rapidly from topic to topic that he public is justified in expecting a production
gives us six score essayettes (if the editor will that shall be a source of pleasure and profit;
concede the word to our sore need) in the 257 and one reviewer at least has not been dis-
pages of "Impressions and Comments''? Of appointed.
course the reading of these independent Naturally, as we turn the pages, we are
themes will present no problem; for one sim- constantly lighting upon the Mr. Ellis of his
ply puts the hamper of good things on the more formal writings; but the beauty of the
table at the head of his bed, or beside his present volume is that if one does not like the
Morris chair, and reaches out for a bite or a Mr. Ellis he encounters at any particular
sup, so to speak, whenever he feels inclined. point, he is sure to be charmed with an alto-
But reviewing the volume is another matter. gether different Mr. Ellis just round the
One cannot even describe these compositions corner. However, we may probably serve our
technically. The author modestly speaks of readers better by adducing a few examples of
them as "random leaves,” and puts them our author's impressions and comments than
forth as unpretentious jottings in an irregu- by dwelling upon our own feelings in the
lar diary covering a period of eighteen matter.
months. They are not exactly pensées, al Under the date of February 10, then, we
though one often thinks of Joubert. They find him writing on the apparently trivial
could hardly be defined as essays, although topic of a French soprano singing for the first
one is frequently reminded of Lamb and Haz-
time on an English platform. He notes her
litt and Montaigne and other beloved masters elegant and harmonious Parisian costume, her
of that literary form. Occasionally there is finely trained voice, her dramatic but re-
an almost disturbing intimacy of self-revela strained presentation, and her winning, gra-
tion that suggests the inimitable Pepys. And cious deportment. You will say this is all
once or twice we even catch a note that recalls
very ordinary. Probably it is; but it is con-
the arch-cynic of French literature. ("Atinued in this strain :
sublime faith in Human Imbecility has sel “ She is a complete success with her audience.
dom led those who cherish it astray.”') As to Yet she is really, one divines, a fairly common-
the range and diversity of the subjects place person. And she is not beautiful. And even
treated we may introduce the following suc her voice has no marvellous original quality. She
cessions to be found under three letters of the has on her side a certain quality of nervous texture
to mould artistically, but that is not a personal
* IMPRESSIONS AND COMMENTS. By Havelock Ellis.
ton: Houghton Mifflin Co.
possession but merely a quality of her race. She
Bos-


1914]
387
THE DIAL
has laboriously wrought this ductile nervous tissue awe which nakedness inspires, an intoxication of
to her own ends. By force of long training, dis the spirit rather than of the senses, no flame of
cipline, art, she has made herself what she desired lust but rather a purifying and exalting fire. To
to be. She has become all that she had in her feel otherwise has merely been the unhappy priv-
to be. She has given to the world all that the world ilege of men intoxicated by the stifling and un-
has any right to ask of her.
wholesome air of modern artificiality."
“That is all. But this training and this dis Less convincing but equally illustrative of
cipline, the ability to be oneself and to impart
our volume is the passage about a young Ger-
graciously to others the utmost that they have any
man danseuse who has been arrested by the
right to demand — is not that the whole Art of
Parisian police on a charge of outrage aux
Living and the entire Code of Morality?"
maurs for appearing naked on the stage. To
Or if we turn to the engrossing theme of
a journalist the lady expresses her indigna-
war, we find neither the now familiar economic
tion at this insult to her art:
protest of “Norman Angell” nor the old
“Let there be no mistake; when I remove my
sentimental plea against suffering and sacri-
chemise to come on the stage it is in order to bare
fice of human life. Indeed, Mr. Ellis insists
my soul.' Not quite a wise thing to say to a
that it is man's feeble shrinking from death, journalist, but it is in effect what the suffragette
with his flabby horror of pain, that marks the also says, and is rewarded with rotten tomatoes as
final stage of decay in any civilization. But her sister with a procès-verbal.”
he execrates war none the less for his own
It is hard to resist the temptation to take
reasons.
up other topics, particularly music, flowers,
“Apart from the intolerable burden of arma literature, travel, and progress; but we may
ments it imposes, and the flagrant disregard of not trespass further on the kindness of our
justice it involves, the crushing objection to war, readers.
from the standpoint of Humanity and Society, is
not that it distributes Pain and inflicts Death, but
We have spoken of the volume lightly as a
that it distributes and inflicts them on an absurdly hamper, and we may continue the figure by
wholesale scale and on the wrong people. So that saying that inevitably different palates will
it is awry to all the ends of reasonable civilization.
be differently affected. All who partake may
Occasionally, no doubt, it may kill off the people find toothsome and wholesome morsels; but
who ought to be killed, but that is only by accident, many will make a wry face at certain mouth-
for by its very organization it is more likely to fuls and call for more orthodox fare. As for
kill the people who ought not to be killed.
your reviewer, it need hardly be said that he
Occasionally and incidentally, also, it may promote
finds a pleasant flavor on his gustatory nerves,
Heroism, but its heroes merely exterminate each
other for the benefit of people who are not heroes."
as of something agreeable, helpful, and stimu-
lating, albeit occasionally acrid and disturb-
In contrast to the foregoing we may intro-
ing. His hand will return many times to the
duce three passages treating of the nude. On
hamper.
October 4, as Mr. Ellis was lying with a book
F. B. R. HELLEMS.
on the rocks by the seashore, he saw in the far
distance a dim feminine figure walk down the AN INTIMATE VIEW OF TOLSTOI.*
beach and plunge into the waves. The inci.
dent results in this reflection:
It is with a painful sense of the futility
“In an age when savagery has passed and civili-
seemingly inherent in even the best endeavors
zation has not arrived, it is only by stealth, at rare
after human good that one reads by the lurid
moments, that the human form may emerge from
glare of the European holocaust an intimate
the prison house of its garments, it is only from
revelation of the great spirit of Tolstoi, de-
afar that the radiance of its beauty — if beauty voted through so many years to the advocacy
is still left to it — may faintly flash before us. of Christian conduct between men and na-
“Among pseudo-Christian barbarians, as Heine tions, and so loyal to peace and brotherhood.
described them, the Olympian deities still wander Are the Tolstois and the Ruskins of the race
homelessly, scarce emerging from beneath obscure
mere players in a comedy staged by ironic
disguises, and half ashamed of their own divinity." | gods, and does each lapse into silence only to
In a similar spirit he describes the dancing of leave the stage free for another vain and
Bianca Stella:
futile performer to play his fruitless rôle?
“As she danced, when I noted the spectators, I Surely Istoi would have died of a broken
could see here and there a gleam in the eyes of heart had he lived till the middle of the year
coarse faces, though there was no slightest move 1914. We must needs reassure ourselves by
ment or gesture or look of the dancer to evoke it. reflecting that the outward and obvious event
For these men Bianca Stella had danced in vain, of the day does not always betoken the inward
for — it remains symbolically true — only the pure
in heart can see God. To see Bianca Stella truly
* REMINISCENCES OF TOLSTOY. By his son, Count Ilyá Tol-
Translated by George Calderon. Illustrated.
was to realize that it is not desire but a sacred
York: The Century Co.
stoy.
New


388
(Nov. 16
.
THE DIAL
spirit of the times. The influence of such It is not remarkable, but very pleasant, to
persons as Tolstoi is pervasive and permeat read of the great author's keeping the chil-
ing, and we cannot cry aloud of this influ dren in good humor in rainy weather by play-
ence, any more than of the Kingdom of ing with them “Numidian cavalry,” a game
Heaven, "Lo, here!” or, “Lo, there!” - for of his own invention, of his snatching Ilya's
the influence is within us. The world's hor plate before he could eat his last pancake
ror at its own hideous blunder in this war is (but later restoring it), of his teasing the
a measure of the coming of that influence, and Countess by using the jelly served at dinner
we may still hope for the victory of reason to paste together boxes for the youngsters, of
and religion after this frenzy shall have spent his drinking by purposeful mistake the glass
itself. For the time being, however, Tolstoi's of kvass just poured for his neighbor at
words have a sad realization : " ... the chief table, and then profusely apologizing.
thing I have been trying so hard to say all Some of the scenes are not thus agreeable.
my life, the thing I believe in, the most im The enthusiastic teacher who later organized
portant of all, they will forget.”
schools for the peasants always began his
But let us forget instead, for the moment, the son's mathematics lesson with pleasantries,
gruesome details of the daily slaughter of our but lost his temper during the course of the
fellowmen, and seek a more intimate compre hour. The great writer wrote a miserable
hension of the spirit of Tolstoi, so remote, but scrawl, and then corrected and scratched and
so fixed, like a star over the battlefield. The interlined till no human eyes could read the
reminiscences, by his son, Count Ilyá Tolstoi, copy. If the Countess, after superhuman loy-
will help us to such a comprehension. It will alty and patience in her labor as a copyist,
require a composite of many views to make a resorted to him for the reading of such a pas-
true portrait of so great a personality as Tol sage, he usually began by evidencing impa-
stoi, and this must be done by another gen tience at her dullness and concluded by recom-
eration. With the lapse of time what was the posing what could not be deciphered! On the
outgrowth of very temporary Russian condi whole, nevertheless, one comes to feel that
tions will be permitted to fall away, what was even before his religious awakening, Tolstoi
excessive zeal to balance a keen consciousness was probably more pleasant than most
of excessive youthful follies will be allowed geniuses. After an outburst of impatience
for, and the character of the great Russian with a friend, he would frankly and affec-
will become world property like the character tionately apologize. When he had quarreled
of Goethe. We may well be grateful for all with Tourgueniéff, and the latter, after a long
added material for such a judgment, and absence, visited Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoi
especially for material so fresh and authentic was minutely painstaking to avoid offensive
as is furnished by the son.
discussion. When Tourgueniéff shot a wood-
It is natural that the portion of the memoirs cock at dusk and Tolstoi's dog failed to re-
dealing with the childhood of the writer trieve the game, the children were secretly
should be the most valuable. No other biog- instructed to run out early in the morning
rapher could give us so intimate a view of and look for the bird in order to give a pleas-
the home life of Tolstoi in his middle years. ant close to the incident. One gets a satisfac-
The son, writing with keen satisfaction of his tory clue to some of the current stories of
early memories, has succeeded in becoming a ruptures with friends in such evidence of
child again, and the figure of the father in high temper and tender-heartedness.
his pages is commanding and fascinating: Extremely valuable material is contained in
He hardly ever punished us, but when he
this volume for those interested primarily in
looked me in the eyes, he knew everything that I Tolstoi's religious and economic opinions, and
thought, and I was frightened. . . . He knew all the genesis and development of these opinions
our secrets, too. When we played at houses un becomes very natural as we observe the actual
der the lilac-bushes, we had three great secrets, process. However extreme certain of his
which nobody knew but Seryosha, Tanya, and me. views may be reckoned by the deliberate ver-
All of a sudden up came papa one day, and said
dict of posterity, however thwarted in the
that he knew all our three secrets and they all
struggle for free development by the highly
began with a B, which was perfectly true.”
“My father always responded to her [his Tolstoi's Russia, their spontaneousness and
artificial environment of aristocratic life in
sister-in-law's] outbursts of plain speaking, pro-
voked by little household unpleasantnesses, with
naturalness in the midst of such conditions
jovial good humor and playfulness, and would at
cannot be questioned. When we see Tolstoi
last bring her round, so that she would first give
going out to mow the hay of some widow or
a rather sulky smile and then melt altogether and
with tools to thatch the hut of a helpless vil.
join in his laugh."
lager, such acts do not bear the stamp of


1914)
389
THE DIAL
quixotism, but appear rather the natural ex-
A CRITIC OF DEMOCRACY.*
pression of a profoundly earnest man reacting
“As for the American republic, it is a constitu-
upon an unhappy environment. If that en-
tional monarchy and nothing else. With his large
vironment was mistaken by Tolstoi for the powers in foreign relations, and in domestic affairs
universal condition of human society, and his with his ministers who are not responsible to con-
teaching thus took on a tone of sombreness gress, with his right, which he uses, of initiating
and became at times particularistic, these
legislation, with his right, which he also uses, of
qualities were only the inevitable result of an
appointing all the functionaries of the state, the
intense desire to be genuine and actual rather
president of the American republic is a sovereign.
He is one so much the more in that if his min-
than vague and theoretical. Certainly there
isters are not responsible to congress, neither is he,
is something painful in considering the long
since he was chosen not by congress but by the
struggle after light, and the minute conscien people. At bottom and in all reality the presi-
tiousness in following this light when one con dent of the American republic is a very powerful
trasts these stages of Tolstoi's life with the constitutional monarch, who need consider nothing
exuberance of spirit evidenced by the younger
but the public interest and need take pains about
man in the circle of his family when he sang
nothing but public opinion to be popular, to be
to his children such classic verses as the fol-
reëlected, and where he has been once reëlected
lowing:
and cannot be again, to be honored in his country.
He is a sovereign pro tempore, but a sovereign.
Die angenehme Winterzeit
An ambassador from France to the United States
Is ferry nice indeet!
said to me, 'The president of the American republic
Beiweilen wird's ein wenig kalt,
is incomparably more a king than the king of
Doch Himmel, stamp your feet!
Great Britain, and more an emperor than the
Auch wenn Man doch nach Hause kommt, emperor of Germany. There has never been and
Da steht der Punch bereit:
there is not in the world to-day a pure democracy,
Ist es nicht ferry nice indeet
unless it be the French democracy.”
In der kalten Winterzeit?
This passage indicates the degree of interest
But whatever lack of balance, sanity, and for readers this side of the sea contained in
serenity one may feel in the later Tolstoi is M. Emile Faguet's criticisms of the French
to be attributed to Russian conditions and not democracy. "The Dread of Responsibility,'
to the nature of the man himself. Ruskin, we like “The Cult of Incompetence,” which
must recall, became actually unbalanced. appeared several years ago, is a genially and
In searching for the inner essence of the elegantly written (and elegantly translated)
personality of Tolstoi, the account given in arraignment of the French commonwealth for
these reminiscences of the relationship of the its impersonality, its irresponsibility, and its
father toward his son, the author, and the incompetence.
latter's fiancée before and after their mar In the first chapter, which deals with legal
riage is of the greatest value. One is tempted ideas and customs, the courts are charged with
to quote from the remarkable letter in which being controlled by the government in all
he sets forth the purpose of marriage, but a cases in which the latter is interested, and
brief excerpt would fail to represent this consequently with being irresponsible. The
touching and profound counsel of a great present is unfavorably contrasted with the
believer in the things of the spirit to a young old regime, where the office of judge was pur-
man about to enter upon that relationship chased, as are still the offices of solicitor and
which so searchingly tests the quality of the notary. A return to this, however, is not
spirit. How far away we feel, as we read this advocated. M. Faguet would abolish the jury,
letter from the camp of the Russian army! and give the Court of Cassation power to
And how far away seems that future when appoint all judges, and lodge in the bench the
humanity shall have mastered the brute in power of electing the Court. In the second,
heritance with which it has struggled these “The Professions,” he discusses the French-
thousands of years, and Tolstois will reach man's fondness for easy, even though not
their spiritual birth without the terrible very remunerative, employment under the
travail through which this one came: when government, with the irresponsibility it
God shall have returned to himself.
brings. All occupations, even those called
OLIN DANTZLER WANNAMAKER.
liberal, are rapidly becoming nationalized in
the passion for officialdom. In the third chap-
ter, “In the Family," the author declares
“From the Trenches; Louvain to the Aisne," by
that the dread of responsibility is again mani-
Mr. Geoffrey Winthrop Young, is described in the
fest in the diminution of the birth rate among
announcement of its English publishers as "the
first record of an eye-witness” of the war in
* THE DREAD OF RESPONSIBILITY. By Emile Faguet. Trans-
lated, with Introduction, by Emily James Putnam. New York:
Europe.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.


390
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
ment."
the French. This, with the increase of Ger wife than he supposes. It moves slowly at first,
mans, Italians, and Jews, is causing the but the figures correspond so closely to actuality
enfeeblement of patriotism. In the fourth,
that one soon finds oneself engrossed. Presently
“In Political Customs,' " he again contrasts
the youngest of the family develops talent as an
actress.
the present regime with the old, and says,
At seventeen she becomes the leading
lady at the chief London theatre and her parents
We have so constitutionally limited the respon find themselves in possession of more money than
sibility of power as to make it practically nil. .. they had ever expected to control. A progressive
A real constitution has replaced the legal consti- | atrophy of the finer moral sense sets in, affecting
tution, and so completely that no one would dare
everybody but the actress daughter, who meets her
to violate the real constitution in order to apply fate through the sheer ignora
orance in which her
the legal, and that to act constitutionally would mother had chosen to rear her. She falls in love
appear shamelessly unconstitutional. And this
with a man whom she learns is married only at
real constitution is contained in one word: the the very close of the tale. From the simplicity of
president of the French republic is a cipher. Or
a cipher. Or straightened circumstances and remoteness from
in another word, there is no president of the metropolitan life, the argument proceeds through
French republic. This is so true that a statesman
greater and more marked complications until it
who is elected president of the republic feels sim closes in a cluster of situations, involving every
ply that his political career is ended.”
member of the family but one, so entangled that
M. Faguet's solution is not a return to the delighted reader can almost imagine another
monarchy, because France has really been a story for its unravelling. The humor of the story,
republic for eighty years now, and “it is which is genuine, lies wholly between the lines;
essentially traditionalist to be a republican.'
and there, too, will be found social satire of an
unusual sort.
“It is a question of making a republic that
What lack of sentiment
will work, and that, like all republics that
and, it may be added,
lack of humor -- will do for a public career that
have lived, will be a republic with a demo-
bids fair to be remarkably useful and successful is
cratic base and containing an aristocratic ele-
set forth in “ The Blind Spot” (Harper) by
There always exists an aristocratic Mr. Justus Miles Forman. The protagonist of
element: the judiciary, for example, or the the book, a reformer, is contrasted with a young
body of barristers, or the body of army offi man of promise who has been spoiled by money.
cers. "The aristocratic element in a nation is The man of the world learns much from the re-
all that part which has enough of vitality and former, who, shaping his thoughts strictly accord-
of cohesive force and of sense of responsibility ing to “common sense,” is quite unable to learn
to form a group, an association, an assemblage anything from him. Presently the positions of
of parts, an organism, to become a living tagonists lack of feeling running him into colli-
the two automatically reverse themselves, the pro-
thing, that is to say, a collective person.” The
sion with the community's actual common sense,
problem is to make it responsible and opera which he suddenly learns has also the meaning of
tive.
common sensibility. There is a love story with a
M. Faguet hardly expects to see the desired rather foregone conclusion holding the narrative
change, or at least not until democracy in together. The book is a good one, and it narrowly
France shall have run its course. He declares escapes being much better.
his agreement with Professor Barrett Wen Someone with that marked aptitude for odious-
dell: “The nature of the Frenchman is to be
ness which marks comparisons, calls Mr. Bruno
radical, to be ideologistic, to pursue his ideas
Lessing "the Kipling of the Ghetto." He is noth-
ing of the sort; two writers more in contrast can
to the very end, to have no fear but quite the
hardly be found in the range of current fiction.
contrary in considering whither his ideas will
In theme and treatment Mr. Lessing's “ With the
lead him." He concludes with an exhortation,
Best Intention” (Hearst’s) recalls Mr. Zangwill's
"For Each One of Us," to bring the French early tales of the schnorrer in London, the chief
character to the same high level with the difference being due to the scene. The stories are
French mind. “The French mind is of the short, only one small group being linked by any.
first order.” The deficiency in character is thing more than the personality of the lovable, but
"the cause of all the trouble."
not very much loved, Jewish scamp who moves
GRANT SHOWERMAN.
through them. But, as with most picaresque tales,
there is an abundance of humor, and some of the
situations are certain to provoke laughter, though
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
not to arouse sympathy.
Melodrama is always capable of exciting inter-
Mr. Charles McEvoy's “Private
“ Private Affairs” est, with or without profit. Consequently Mr.
(Houghton) is an agreeable surprise. It begins John Oxenham's “ Maid of the Mist" (Lane) will
with a simple naturalism to tell the story of mid be found worthy of passing an hour or two with,
dle-class folk, a single family, in which the com and that not without profit. The earlier chapters
monplace father is the ruler of his household, are merely a means to get the hero on the sea and
though he is more under the domination of his quite thoroughly shipwrecked.
quite thoroughly shipwrecked. With one other


1914]
391
THE
DIAL
survivor he comes ashore at Sable Island, in the United States. The book is addressed to young
north Atlantic, at a point where many a tall ship women of the lackadaisical age, if there are any
had gone to her doom. The other survivor is half left, and abounds in slang, which Mrs. Coates's life
Scotch reaver, half Spanish buccaneer. The in America has enabled her to reproduce accu-
wrecked ships furnish life, until presently there is rately.
driven ashore a beautiful girl. The hero comes It takes either a brave man or a secluded one to
into her good graces, the villain dies as a result of write against the equal rights of woman in these
rum, and presently the two marry one another - days. Mr. William Jasper Nicholls is the man,
a vastly more sensible arrangement than is usually and “Wild Mustard” (Lippincott) is the writing.
allowed to prevail in such cases.
Those who favor woman suffrage in the book are
In reading Miss Marie Van Vorst's “Big Tre- ill-tempered and unseemly to the eye; those who
maine” (Little, Brown & Co.) one has the feeling do not are gracious and fair to view.
One man
of having come upon it before. Its elements are an stands out for it, and he is arrested for stealing
accused and deeply wronged brother, who returns his host's overcoat, being apparently guilty also of
to his old Virginia home after having amassed bigamy. After a brief experiment, the lovely
millions; he restores the family estates, rejects young heroine, in whose mind sprang the weed
the advances of the girl who had scorned him for (wild mustard) of equal rights, reforms and
his guilty brother, and finds his fate in a younger comes home to marry a perfectly sweet young man
and more charming person whose father he en and try to be as good a woman as her mother was
riches. One touch of originality closes the book: before her.
to crown him with the final palms of triumph he “ The Gaunt Gray Wolf: A Tale of Adventure
is nominated to Congress! It is romance, of an with ‘Ungava Bob'" (Revell) is one of those
ordinary sort, with types rather than persons for books of Labrador that Mr. Dillon Wallace knows
characters.
so well how to write, abounding in scenes of strug-
Sword-and-cloak romance has been outside of gle against the forces of nature in their bitterest
the purview of contemporary fiction for so long form and shot through from cover to cover with
that “Ashes of Vengeance: A Romance of Old a faith in things above and beyond ourselves. The
France (McBride, Nast & Co.), by Miss H. B. chief characters are two of those whom God helps
Somerville, has a pleasant and reminiscent flavor, because they help themselves, one a rich young
a little of Scott, more than a touch of Dumas, and Boston college man, the other a brave and hardy
the general air of an older and more gallant day. son of the North. The book is one of real adven-
It opens with the massacre of St. Bartholomew. ture, set down with knowledge and sympathy.
A Huguenot lover and his affianced bride are
No one writes more genial genre stories than
saved from death by the ancient enemy of the Mr. W. W. Jacobs, and the latest volume of them,
family, who exacts what he supposes to be an “Night Watches” (Scribner), is no exception to
enduring vengeance. The affianced one fades away its predecessors. The night-watchman plays his
so quickly that one wonders of the need for her at
humorous part, and several others are introduced
all, and the enemies become reconciled through the for variety and good measure. One of the best of
newer love that befalls the Huguenot hero and his the stories has a laughable ghost or two in it, and
foe's beloved sister.
there is a contrast in the form of a real ghost
Mrs. Gertrude Pahlow in “ The Gilded Chry- story which will make very creepy reading indeed
salis” (Duffield) labors under the disadvantage of late at night.
having chosen for her protagonist such a fool of
a girl that most of her book passes in the defence
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
of her (in the reader's mind) from the charge of
congenital idiocy; it is safe to say that no mere
Dr. Edwin E. Slosson, the
man could ever have thought out a female char-
Six contemporary literary editor of “The Inde-
acter so steeped in improbable folly. This young
men of ideas.
pendent,” has reissued in book-
person marries a man of character and achieve-
form six essays under the title of “Major
ment, professor of science in a flourishing college.
She proceeds to alienate his friends, squander his Prophets of To-day” (Little, Brown & Co.),
property, involve herself in a preposterous scandal
which first appeared in substantially their
with an undergraduate, and, having ruined his present form in the columns of his periodi-
future with a positively German thoroughness, to
cal. The list selected includes the names of
run away. Eventually she learns to wash dishes, Maeterlinck, Bergson, Poincaré, Ostwald, and
and returns to show him her new accomplishment. Haeckel. Among the prophets originally dis-
His delight is enormous, proving that he is almost
cussed were also Bernard Shaw, Chesterton,
as much of a featherhead as she.
H. G. Wells, and John Dewey, but these latter
Light in manner to the verge of flippancy, Miss
have apparently not been deemed worthy of
Sara Jeannette Duncan (Mrs. Everard Coates)
writes " His Royal Happiness" (Appleton) in the
the first rank, or perhaps they merely await
interests of an Anglo-American alliance. She suc-
the publication of a companion volume. Dr.
ceeds at the close in having a treaty to that end
Slosson is by training a natural scientist but
passed by the Senate, whereupon it develops that, has somehow strayed into the paths of literary
to make it more binding, the King of England has criticism. The scientific habit of mind, he
taken to wife the daughter of the President of the keeps assuring us, is wholly compatible with


392
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
a love of art and even with a feeling for mys- pression. The gifted Belgian is a believer in
ticism, which is only religion verified by the science and democracy; he is an optimist who
experimental method. He believes that the has a rich dower of faith, though in whom or
true aim of all knowledge will eventually be what it would be difficult to say. No attempt
recognized to be prevision, just as that is now
is made to balance the essays against the plays
the avowed aim of science. This point of or to determine relative literary values.
view naturally leads to a disparagement of
the value of history and indeed of all other
A conspicuous illustration of
studies which turn men's eyes backward
A handbook of the widespread need for a work
European drama.
rather than forward. The author is appar-
which may serve as a popular
ently untroubled by the fear that a culture
handbook for the study of the continental
which is not deeply rooted in the past may
drama is the appearance of just such a book.
readily prove to be superficial, flatulent, and
This is “The Continental Drama of To-day,
cocksure. Be that as it may, Dr. Slosson has
with its properly descriptive sub-title “Out-
popularized in a very readable manner the
lines for Its Study," by Mr. Barrett H. Clark.
views of certain of the foremost thinkers of the
In his Preface the author promises to follow
this volume with one to be entitled “British
day. He has a gift for lucid exposition and
and American Drama of To-day: Outlines
the faculty of making his theme appear vital
for Its Study." The volume already pub-
and human. Each essay is accompanied by
bibliographical instructions to the novice on
lished deals with Ibsen, Björnson, Strindberg,
Tolstoi, Gorki, Tchekoff, Andreyeff, Haupt-
the way he should approach the author in
question. Portraits of the six "prophets" mann, Sudermann, Wedekind, Schnitzler,
Von Hofmannsthal, Becque, Maeterlinck, Ros-
and accounts of a visit to the home of each
tand, Brieux, Hervieu, Giacosa, Donnay,
serve to lend the book a more vivid appeal. Lemaître, Lavedan, D'Annunzio, Echegaray,
The chapters on Maeterlinck, Bergson, and
and Galdos. The book opens with a chapter
Ostwald are the most interesting. It would
of exposition awkwardly entitled “What Con-
have been well if the chapter devoted to Pro-
stitutes a Play.” This is obviously written
fessor Haeckel had been placed before the one
for the uninitiated reader; and while clear
on Professor Ostwald in such a way as to show
enough, is marked by the lack of the note of
how the now discredited materialistic mon-
self-reliance a lack which vitiates so much
ism of the former has given place to the more of American criticism. A brief sketch, a few
acceptable energy-monism of the latter. The
pages in length, in two parts — first biograph-
essay on M. Bergson furnishes a temptingly ical, then critical - heads the chapter on each
easy approach to a philosopher who is much
individual dramatist. This is followed by a
harder to understand than he is generally re chronologically arranged list of plays, giving
puted to be. His philosophy is described as a both date of publication and date of produc-
constructive system based on pragmatic criti- tion (presumably first production, though the
cism. It is to be noted also that it is M. place of production, unfortunately, is not
Poincaré's pragmatism which attracts the given — only the year). The list is followed
writer's sympathy. According to Dr. Slos- by a bibliography of such plays of the drama-
son, time and personality are for M. Bergsontist in question as have been translated into
immediate data of our consciousness. The English — to which is appended a list of ref-
freedom of the will, which is involved in the
erences to the most important books and maga-
very essence of personality, is likewise intui-zine articles dealing with the dramatist and
tively felt. Art, then, is invaluable because
his plays. The chapter closes with an outline
it gives us a more direct vision of reality and for the study of one or more of the plays of
strengthens the faculty of intuition, which our the dramatist treated, only those plays which
rationalistic modes of thought have tended to have been translated into English being in-
obscure. It is interesting to learn the fact cluded in the outline. For example, under
that M. Bergson in one of his lectures in New Gorki, there is an outline for only one play.
York replied affirmatively to the question “The Lower Depths,
“The Lower Depths," while under Ibsen
whether he believed in immortality or not. It there are outlines for six plays: “The Pre-
may be inferred from various tokens that his tenders,” “Brand,”! “Peer Gynt," " 'A Doll's
next great work will deal more directly with House, "Hedda Gabler," "The Master
the problems of religion. Dr. Slosson finds Builder.” The outline usually gives a brief
M. Maeterlinck to be less an original thinker but suggestive summary of the play, followed
than an exquisitely sensitive personality who by a number of subjects proposed for inquiry,
is able to catch the dominant notes of the time investigation, and study. These outlines are,
in which he lives and give them artistic ex of necessity, fragmentary; yet if conscien-


1914)
393
THE DIAL
tiously followed by the interested reader or as it is to take it seriously. Later on in his
student, they should leave him with a clear book, Mr. Curle returns to the matter :
and well-reasoned conception of the play, its “If one looks closely into it one sees, I think,
purport, art, and technic. The bibliographical that the Continental tradition (I mean the tradi-
lists and references are sufficiently full and tion rted by Stendhal, continued by Balzac, and
accurate, in general; but there are a number developed by Flaubert and the Russians) is not
of singular and conspicuous omissions. Yet really a way of approaching the novelist's art so
this is a useful book which Mr. Clark has put much as the way. It is getting down to the bed-
together with great patience, care, and indus rock of imaginative life -- and surely there is noth-
try. It will prove valuable to the student as
ing beyond that.”
a brief reference-bibliography; to the club But he is unable satisfactorily to explain why
member who is following a course in the mod he thinks Mr. Conrad is carrying on the tradi-
ern drama it will prove invaluable. One tion initiated by Stendhal. It is too bad.
cannot restrain a sense of mild amusement, Mr. Conrad is a serious artist. We should
from time to time, however, over the little welcome an account of his art that told us
sketches of the dramatists especially those something.
Doubtless Mr. Conrad would wel-
obviously manufactured from secondary come it. But he can hardly relish being told,
sources.
either directly or by implication, that he
“has not the corrupt simplicity of a George
Mr. Richard Curle is evidently Moore,” that most of his few readers quite
An ingenuous
study of possessed of one of the primary misunderstand him, and that he represents
Mr. Joseph
Conrad's novels. qualifications for writing about
the only true reaction to the poisonous" lit-
Mr. Joseph Conrad — an enthusiasm for the erature of the eighteen-nineties (Doubleday,
subject. It is unfortunate that he has none Page & Co.)
of the others. His book is an amusing per-
sonal document rather than a contribution to
Miss Kate Stephens, whose list
An enthusiastic
criticism. He has a predilection for an admirer of of publications already includes
nouncing his intentions, as if he believed them
Greek civilization. “* American Thumb-Prints” and
to be extraordinary. Occasionally he is mod“Delphic Kansas,” now harks back to her
est, as when, at the beginning of Chapter II. interest in Greek literature and archæology,
in a volume entitled “The Greek Spirit:
“In this chapter I mean to give, first of all, in
Phases of Its Progression in Religion, Polity,
a perfectly concise and colourless form, the salient Philosophy, and Art" (Sturgis & Walton).
facts of Conrad's life up to the time of his leaving The author has very excellent intentions, and
the sea, and then I mean to examine in a more honestly tries to let mankind from Kansas to
literary and romantic sense his two books of recol New York survey the latest notions about
lections, “Some Reminiscences' and 'The Mirror
Ægean civilization, for the betterment of
of the Sea.' And I hope to throw some light on American culture. Unfortunately, in one
the autobiographical basis of many of Conrad's
stories. But I would like to say, straight off,
way and another she comes into competition
that
this chapter will not be of much value to the critic
with dangerous rivals, such as Zielinski in
for, like the one that follows it, it is informative
“Our Debt to Antiquity," Butcher in "Some
rather than critical. That stands to reason."
Aspects of the Greek Genius," Gildersleeve
It must be admitted that the chapter is of no
in “Hellas and Hesperia,” and Livingstone
more value to the critic than he promises it
(if we dare mention him in the same sentence
will be. Mr. Curle's attempts to identify Mr.
with Gildersleeve) in "The Greek Genius and
Conrad's artistic achievement are apparently
Its Meaning to Us.” If the unpleasant truth
informed by wide reading but they are floun-
must be told, in this competition Miss Ste-
dering ones, just the same:
phens fares ill, partly because Livingstone,
Gildersleeve, Butcher, and Zielinski write
“In my opinion realists are the only true artists
with coherence. Their subjects and predi-
in fiction. And I do not mean the realism of a
Zola which is coarseness or the realism of a Dick-
cates do not generally play hide-and-seek with
ens which is caricature
the reader as in this: “Cereals grew in sun-
I mean, essentially, the
realism of a writer like Turgenev or Conrad, the
lit tillage, the grape sacred through its use in
realism, in fact, of typical and distinguished re-
the religions of many peoples, the gray-green
ality. Anthony Trollope, it is true, is a realist, but olive, other esculent fruits, and horned cattle
he has obviously a second-rate intelligence and grazed in meadows dotted by benefactive for-
therefore his creations are wanting in the highest est trees.” We find an American thumb-
actuality. They are not imagined with the pas-
print in the use of “humans” in the sense of
sionate nuances of real life.”
men and women, and an unhyphened, half-
It is as impossible to answer such a paragraph German locution in the ugly words, “their
he says:


394
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
art gift.” There are interesting passages in ests are intensified. Those unacquainted with
the volume, but on the whole it must be de Goya will be interested in the comment on the
scribed as chaotic.
life and character of ever-fascinating Spain
- Spain, “which will always remain an un-
Mr. George Ives has written a discovered country, for the reason that there
The treatment bitter book in "A History of are few who have the intrepidity of spirit
of criminals.
Penal Methods: Criminals, necessary to discover it." An address at the
Witches, Lunatics” (Stokes). His account of beginning to Don Miguel de Unamuno, and
the organized, systematized, and legal inven frequent references to his opinions, add to the
tions of revenge which have assumed the name interest of the book for those who have a per-
of justice down to our own times is a tragic sonal or literary acquaintance with the bril-
story. When we have read how learned liant Rector of the University of Salamanca.
judges, acute lawyers, gowned bishops, sedate
scholars, have gravely worked out these dia-
bolical torments, we are in a better position
BRIEFER MENTION.
to understand why, after a half century of
peace and civilization, Europe is now sud The opinions of Dr. William D. H. Brown, the
denly transformed into “a wilderness of author of " Good Health and Long Life," are con-
fierce wolves." The contrast between the
servative. He leans decidedly to the side of cau-
finest culture of England in the nineteenth
tion in such matters as diet, baths, and tobacco.
century and its treatment of working people easily understood by the lay person. The volume
His statement of the case is invariably one to be
and prisoners is amazing, almost incredible;
is published by the author.
it reminds one of the vineyards and flower
gardens on the slopes of smoking Vesuvius.
Mr. William S. Walsh has compiled a useful
book in “ Heroes and Heroines of Fiction: Mod-
At least this much is made clear by Mr. Ives's
ern Prose and Poetry” (Lippincott). The sub-
almost tedious compilation of resurrected hor-
title promises “famous characters and famous
rors: that hate never made men kind, that
names in novels, romances, poems, and dramas
revenge under the respectable name of justice classified, analyzed and criticized, with supplemen-
never made the wicked good, that force and tary citations from the best authorities." The text
repression have no power to make men free fulfils this promise in the main, although the list is
and competent citizens. Mr. Ives has done not, of course, complete.
well to ask for educational treatment, for Professor Allen Porterfield's “ Outline of Ger-
mercy, forgiveness, brotherly help, probation, man Romanticism” (Ginn & Co.) is marked by
parole, reformatory process. The one dark
an enthusiasm unconventional in a text-book. He
spot in his book (and one wholly contradictory has written it as if he enjoyed the task, “ for the
benefit of advanced students and those who teach
to his general tendency) is his recommenda-
tion that confirmed criminals, after several discover, and all the more so when it seems to
advanced students.” So much spirit is pleasant to
convictions, should be put to death. He says
have contributed to, rather than detracted from,
"painless death"; but there is no form of
the book's usefulness as a compilation of facts.
capital punishment which does not brutalize
Not immediately connected with the European
the public and divert attention and effort
war, but with obvious bearing upon it, is “ War's
from rational means of reformation,
Aftermath (Houghton), by Messrs. David Starr
Jordan and Harvey E. Jordan. It is an attempt
Mr. J. E. Crawford Flitch's to form some measure of the effects on the south-
Goya and his
native Spain.
“An Idler in Spain” (McBride, ern states of the Union of the reversed selection
Nast & Co.) is the record of a due to the loss of life in the Civil War. It con-
Goya pilgrimage to Barcelona, Saragossa, sists of replies to a questionnaire sent to men of
Madrid, Toledo, and one or two small towns,
various stations, and is accordingly a compilation
by an Englishman who loves the more human
of opinions rather than a scientific study. Its con-
clusion is that the war
phases of literature, painting, and travel, and
seriously impoverished
writes of them in a sincere and unconventional,
this country of its best human values."
genial and attractive, though at times some-
“A Guide to Gothic Architecture," by Mr. T.
Francis Bumpus (Dodd, Mead & Co.), is primarily
what garrulous, page. “Goya and Spanish
for the
Character" is a title which would better
Englishman with an architectural hobby,
and the number of others to whom it will appeal is
describe the book, for it is not mere art
limited. In spite of the general scope of its title,
criticism, and Goya is only one of two chief
its main thread is the development of mediæval art
interests, each of which illuminates the other.
in England, and buildings in other countries are
The second half of the work far exceeds the brought in only for comparison. In the numerous
first in compactness and substantiality. From half-tones continental architecture fares better
Chapter IX., on “The Portraits,” both inter than in the text. The author of “ The Cathedrals
them
-


1914)
395
THE DIAL
of England” writes loosely, for a popular audi-
NOTES.
ence still swayed by Ruskinian prejudices and
undisturbed by the progress of research.
Mr. F. E. Brett Young is preparing a critical
The “ Fireside Edition" of Mr. William T. study of the English Poet Laureate, Mr. Robert
Hornaday's work, “The New American Natural Bridges.
History” (Scribner), is in four amply illustrated Mr. P. P. Howe has completed a critical study
volumes. There are sixteen plates in color besides of Mr. Bernard Shaw which will be published
many reproductions of drawings and photographs about the first of the year.
and numerous charts and maps. Mr. Hornaday A collection of Mr. Thomas Hardy's more recent
felt in 1904, when the original edition was pub-
poems is announced for publication under the title
lished, that “ the time was ripe for the publication of “Satires of Circumstance.”
of a work which, while scientifically accurate,
A General Index to The Golden Bough'
would . . . be read through for entertainment
Series," prepared by Dr. J. G. Frazer, will be pub-
before being placed on the shelf for reference.”
The result was a well-written book, especially
lished immediately by Messrs. Macmillan.
adapted to the young student, as well as to the
Professor H. E. Bourne's history of “The
amateur.
French Revolution and the Napoleonic Period”
A sort of book impossible only a few years ago,
will be issued at once by the Century Co.
but now becoming familiar, is entitled “Life and A volume concerning Ernest Dowson and con-
Law: The Development and Exercise of the Sex taining reminiscences, unpublished letters, and
Function, together with a Study of the Effect of " marginalia” will be edited by Mr. Victor Plarr.
Certain Natural and Human Laws, and a Con Colonel Frobenius's “The German Hour of
sideration of the Hygiene of Sex” (Putnam), by Destiny" with an Introduction by Sir Valentine
Miss Maude Glasgow, M.D. It is intended for Chirol, will be issued shortly by Messrs. McBride,
grown folk, but will serve as a basis for informa Nast & Co.
tion to be given the young. Dr. Glasgow is an “ The Piscatory Eclogues of Jacopo Sanna-
uncompromising believer in the feminine — almost
zaro,” edited with an Introduction and notes by
to the extent of looking upon mere maleness as a Mr. W. P. Mustard, is announced by the Johns
necessary evil, brought late into the universe to
Hopkins Press.
supplement the female. This leads to a statement
Three more of M. Eugene Brieux's plays,
as rash as this: “ The superior morality of woman “ Woman Alone,"
" " The Red Robe," and " Faith,"
is undisputed.” The superior morality of one sex
have been translated into English for publication
or the other does not exist. It is evident how the
in a single volume.
result is reached by the writer, for there is a ten-
dency from one cover of the book to the other to
Sir Horace Rumbold is the author of “ Francis
regard the good in man as due to woman, and the
Joseph and His Times," a political history of Aus-
evil in woman as due to man. This, it need hardly
tria during two generations, which Messrs. D.
be stated, is no more true than that woman's supe-
Appleton & Co. will publish.
rior morality is undisputed. But the book has its Mr. A. Radclyffe Dugmore's book, " The Amer-
value notwithstanding this bit of pharisaism.
ican Beaver,” is illustrated by nearly a hundred of
Sixth in the series of little books known as
his photographs from life. The volume is an-
“ Constable's Modern Biographies," published in
nounced by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott Co.
this country by Houghton Mifflin Co., appears an
A novel by Mr. Algernon Blackwood entitled
intimate account of “ Dr. Barnardo as I Knew
“ Incredible Adventures” is announced by the
Him," by Miss A. R. Neuman, one of his secre-
Macmillan Co. This house will also bring out
taries and helpers. It is now nine years since the
Mr. John Masefield's volume of poems, “ Philip
death of the benevolent founder of the well-known
the King."
and numerous homes for destitute children, and Mr. James Stephens, whose reputation as a nov-
seven years since the issue of his biography by elist has begun to overshadow the fame he so
his widow and Mr. J. Marchant. Miss Neuman's
quickly won as a poet, has now a new volume of
smaller work presents the man in his daily activi-
verse ready for publication under the title of
ties and familiar conversation with his associates “Songs of the Clay.”
a most lovable character and an untiring toiler
Mr. Israel Cohen has attempted in Jewishi
for the waifs of London and of England gener-
Life in Modern Times” to make a comprehensive
ally, of whom more than sixty thousand were survey of Jewish life in the contemporary world.
cared for by his organization in his lifetime in no
The volume is announced for immediate publica-
fewer than sixty-five homes, including the Cana-
tion by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
dian branches. In her outline of Dr. Barnardo's An abridgment of Mr. A. Lawrence Lowell's
life Miss Neuman gives him one more year than “ Governments and Parties of Continental Eu-
the short span actually allowed him, but corrects rope" will be published immediately by the Har-
the error in an appended “ Chronological Sum vard University Press under the title of “The
mary.” Nowhere in her book, curiously enough,
Governments of France, Italy, and Germany."
do we find her hero's name given in full, Thomas A popular edition of " The Writings of Thomas
John Barnardo, though the index supplies his Paine" in four volumes will be issued shortly by
initials.
Messrs. Putnam. The work, which contains


396
(Nov. 16
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 155 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Paine's sociological and literary essays as well as
his religious and political ones, has been edited,
with an Introduction, by Mr. Moncure D. Conway.
Mr. William Roscoe Thayer, who is now at
work on the authorized life of John Hay, will be
pleased to receive communications at 8 Berkeley
Street, Cambridge, Mass., from those who have in
their possession letters from Secretary Hay. Mr.
Thayer's biography is to be published in the
“American Statesmen
" series.
“ La Connaissance de L'est," a series of prose
poems of life in the far east by M. Paul Claudel,
has been translated into English by Miss Teresa
Frances and Mr. William Rose Benét and will be
published shortly by the Yale University Press.
M. Claudel is a poet, now approaching middle age,
who has made a profound impression in France
but whose work has not hitherto been made acces-
sible in English.
Eight new volumes in the “ Collection Gallia”
are announced as follows: Gebhart's “Autour
d'une Tiare"; Veuillot's “Des Odeurs de Paris"
and “Le Parfum de Rome"; Bourgeois's “La
Société des Nations”; Constant's “Adolphe”; No-
dier's “ Contes Fantastiques”; Villiers's “Axël ";
and Huysmans's “Pages Choisies." The series is
edited by Dr. Charles Sarolea and published by
Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
“Songs and Sonnets for England in War
Time,” which includes only poems written during
the present war, is being sold in England for two
shillings in cloth and one shilling in paper, the
profits to go to the Prince of Wales Fund. The
volume bears the imprint of the John Lane Co.
and contains poems by Thomas Hardy, Rudyard
Kipling, Henry Newbolt, Stephen Phillips, Sir
Owen Seaman, and William Watson.
A series of brief essays on " Writers of the
Day” is announced in London; among the vol-
umes to be included are studies of H. G. Wells, by
J. D. Beresford; of Joseph Conrad, by Hugh
Walpole; of Anatole France, by W. L. George;
of William de Morgan, by Mrs. Sturge Gretton;
of John Galsworthy, by Sheila Kaye-Smith; and
of Henry James, by Mrs. Sturge Gretton. Messrs.
Henry Holt & Co. will publish the series in this
country.
The November number of “ Poetry announces
the award of a $100 prize, offered six weeks ago
for the best poem based on the European war, to
Miss Louise Driscoll, of Catskill, New York, for
“ The Metal Checks,” published in this
number. So “many poems of merit were re-
ceived," that the entire issue of the magazine has
been devoted to poems on this subject. Among the
authors represented are John Russell McCarthy,
Wallace Stevens, Amy Lowell, Richard Aldington,
Joseph Campbell, Parke Farley, Carl Sandburg,
and Margaret Widdemer. The Helen Haire Levin-
son prize of $200 offered for the best poem written
by an American, published in “Poetry” from
October, 1913, to September, 1914, is awarded to
Mr. Carl Sandburg for his group of Chicago
poems. This prize is renewed for the year 1914-15.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
My Path through Life. By Lilli Lehmann; trans-
lated by Alice Benedict Seligman. Illustrated in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 510 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
With Sabre and Scalpel: The Autobiography of a
Soldier and Surgeon. By John Allan Wyeth,
LL.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 535 pages. Harper &
Brothers. $3. net.
The Life of Rutherford Birchard Hayes. By Charles
Richard Williams. In 2 volumes, illustrated, large
8vo. Houghton Mifflin Co. . $7.50 net.
My Own Story. By Emmeline Pankhurst. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 364 pages. Hearst's International
Library Co. $2. net.
Life of Reverdy Johnson. By Bernard C. Steiner,
Ph.D. With portrait, large 8vo, 284 pages.
Baltimore: The Norman Remington Co. $2.50 net.
Abraham Lincoln's Cardinal Traits: A Study in
Ethics. By C. S. Beardslee. 12mo, 244 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
HISTORY.
California: An Intimate History. By Gertrude
Atherton. Illustrated, large 8vo, 330 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
Writings of John Quincy Adamk. Edited by Worth-
ington Chauncey Ford. Volume IV., 1811-1813.
Large 8vo, 541 pages. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
History of Mexico. By Hubert Howe Bancroft.
Illustrated, 8vo, 581 pages. Bancroft Co. $2. net.
Elizabeth and Henry IV.: Being a Short Study in
Anglo-French Relations, 1589-1603. By J. B.
Black, B.A. With frontispiece, 12mo, 202 pages.
B. H. Blackwell.
Proceedings and Addresses Commemorative of the
Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Incorpora-
tion of the Town of Lexington 12mo, 37 pages.
Published by the Vote of the Town. Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
George Bernard Shaw: A Critical Study. By Joseph
McCabe. With photogravure portrait, 8vo, 261
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $2.25 net.
Essays on Books. By William Lyon Phelps, Ph.D.
12mo, 319 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Changing Drama: Contributions and Tendencies.
By Archibald Henderson. 12mo, 321
pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.50 net.
Byways in Bookland: Confessions and Digressions.
By Walter A. Mursell. 12mo, 205 pages. Hough-
ton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Belshazzar Court; or, Village Life in New York
City. By Simeon Strunsky. 12mo, 190 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Shakspere and Sir Walter Ralegh. By Henry Pem-
berton, Jr., M.A.; edited by Susan Lovering
Pemberton. With frontispiece, 12mo, 242 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
The Theatre of To-day. By Hiram Kelly Moder-
well. Illustrated, 12mo, 322 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.50 net.
Coasting Bohemia. By J. Comyns Carr. Large Svo,
281 pages.
Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
The Mary Carleton Narratives, 1663-1673: A Missing
Chapter in the History of the English Novel.
By Ernest Bernbaum, Ph.D. 8vo, 106 pages.
Harvard University Press. $1. net.
The Short Story: A Technical and Literary Study.
By Ethan Allen Cross, Ph.M. 12mo, 495 pages.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50 net.
The Greek Tragic Poets. By Joseph Edward Harry.
Large 8vo, 254 pages. University of Cincinnati.
Paper, $2. net.
The Spirit of Japanese Poetry. By Yone Noguchi.
16mo, 118 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 70 cts. net.
The Letters of William Green. By J. W. Foley.
Illustrated, 12mo, 209 pages. McBride, Nast &
Co. $1. net.
England's Peasantry, and Other Essays. By Au-
gustus Jessopp, D.D. With portrait, 8vo, 398
pages. T. Fisher Unwin.
Musings on the Lounge. By Bert Finck. 12mo, 29
pages. John P. Morton & Co.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The Sun-thief, and Other Poems. By Rhys Car-
penter. 12mo, 152 pages. Oxford University
Press. $1.75 net.
Half Hours. By J. M. Barrie. 12mo, 207 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
her poem,


· 1914]
397
THE DIAL
Songs and Sonnets for England in War Time: Being
a Collection of Lyrics by Various Authors In-
spired by the Great War. With frontispiece,
12mo, 96 pages. John Lane Co. 75 cts. net.
The Grand Canyon, and Other Poems. By Henry
van Dyke. 12mo, 78 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
Oxford Poetry, 1914. Edited by G. D. H. C. and
W. S. V.; with Preface by Sir Walter Raleigh.
12mo, 87 pages. B. H. Blackwell. Paper.
The Cry of Youth. By Harry Kemp. 12mo, 140
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25 net.
Undine: A Poem. Adapted from the romance of
De La Motte Fouqué by Antoinette de Coursey
Patterson. Large 8vo, 34 pages. H. W. Fisher
& Co. $1.25 net.
You and 1.' By Harriet Monroe. 12mo, 236 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Orthodoxy. By Nina Wilcox Putnam. 12mo, 49
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. 60 cts. net.
Rada: A Christmas Tragedy of the Balkans. With
portrait, 16mo, 31 pages. F. A. Stokes Co.
60 cts. net.
New Beginnings and the Record. By Douglas Cole.
12mo, 74 pages. B. H. Blackwell.
Some People Marry: A Play in Three Acts. By
Robert A. Kasper. 12mo, 122 pages.
Richard
G. Badger. $1. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Works of Henry D. Thoreau. Illustrated by
Clifton Johnson. In 5 volumes, 16mo. “ Pocket
Edition." Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $5. net.
Walking. By Henry D. Thoreau. 16mo, 100 pages.
“Riverside Press Edition.” Houghton Mifflin Co.
$2.50 net.
The Poems of François Villon. Translated by H. de
Vere Stacpoole. With frontispiece, large 8vo,
300 pages. John Lane Co. $3. net.
Hans Breitmann's Ballads. By Charles Godfrey
Leland: with Introduction by Elizabeth Robins
Pennell. 8vo, 236 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$7.50 net.
The History of England: From the Accession of
James the Second. By Lord Macaulay; edited
by Charles Harding Firth, M.A. Volume IV.;
illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo. Macmillan Co.
Selections from the Works of Jean-Jacques Rous-
seau. Edited by Christian Gauss. 12mo, 70
pages. Princeton University Press. 60 cts. net.
FICTION.
The Wite of Sir Isaac Harman. By H. G. Wells.
12mo, 525 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Pastor's Wife. By the author of “Elizabeth
and Her German Garden." Illustrated, 12mo,
471 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
The Three Sisters. By May Sinclair. 12mo, 388
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.35 net.
A Soldier of the Legion. By C. N. and A. M.
Williamson. 12mo, 372 pages. Doubleday, Page
& Co. $1.35 net.
Oddsfish! An Historical Novel. By Robert Hugh
Benson. 12mo, 467 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.35 net.
Happy Hawkins in the Panhandle. By Robert
Alexander Wason. With frontispiece in color,
12mo, 492 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35 net.
Arcadian Adventures of the Idle Rich. By Stephen
Leacock. 12mo, 310 pages.
John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
Kent Knowles: Quahaug. By Joseph C. Lincoln.
Illustrated, 12mo, 451 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Demi-Gods. By James Stephens. 12mo, 316
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.30 net.
May Iverson's Career. By Ellzabeth Jordan. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 278 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25 net.
The Wonderful Romance. By Pierre de Coulevain;
translated from the French by Alys Hallard.
12mo, 403 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
Neighborhood Stories. By Zona Gale. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 307 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Anne Feversham. By J. C. Snaith. 12mo, 323 pages.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.35 net.
The House of the Dawn. By Marah Ellis Ryan;
illustrated and decorated by Hanson Booth.
12mo, 407 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.35 net.
Neighbors: Life Stories of the Other Half. By
Jacob A. Riis. With frontispiece, 12mo, 209
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Captain of His Soul. By Henry James Forman.
12mo, 468 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.35 net.
*The Money Makers: A Story of To-day. By Charles
Klein and Arthur Hornblow. Illustrated, 12mo,
340 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25 net.
Gerald Northrop. By Claude C. Washburn. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 521 pages. Duffield & Co.
$1.35 net.
Britton of the Seventh: A Romance of Custer and
the
Great Northwest. By Cyrus Townsend
Brady. Illustrated, 12mo, 392 pages. A. C. Me-
Clurg & Co. $1.35 net.
The Enemy of Woman. By Winifred Graham.
12mo, 394 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.35 net.
Sons of the Rhine (Die Wiskottens). By Rudolf
Herzog; translated from the German by Louise
T. Lazell. 12mo, 372 pages. Desmond Fitz-
Gerald, Inc. $1.25 net.
The River. By Ednah Aiken. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, 423 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.35 net.
The Open Door. By Richardson Wright. 12mo,
406 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.35 net.
The Prince of Mercuria. By Atkinson Kimball.
Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pages. Hearst's Interna-
tional Library Co. $1.25 net.
Every Man His Price. By Max Rittenberg. 12mo,
313 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25 net.
The
Last Christian. By George Kibbe Turner.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 281 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co. $1.25 net.
Father Ralph. By Gerald O'Donovan. 12mo, 494
pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.40 net.
A Daughter of the Dons: A Story of New Mexico
To-day. By William MacLeod Raine. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 320 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co.
$1.25 net.
The Little God Ebisu. By Beulah Marie Dix. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 201 pages. Duffeld & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Night Wind's Promise. By Varrick Vanardy.
12mo, 320 pages. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25 net.
Modern Lovers. By Viola Meynell. 12mo, 314
pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.25 net.
Martha and Cupid. By Julie M. Lippmann. 12mo,
197 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1. net.
Guy Garrick: An Adventure with a Scientific Gun.
man. By Arthur B. Reeve. Illustrated, 12mo,
326 pages.
Hearst's International Library Co.
$1. net.
The Little Gentleman across the Road. By Prentice
Abbot. 12mo, 200 pages. Richard G. Badger.
$1. net.
The Sharing. By Agnes Lee. 12mo, 64 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
The Man Who Dreamed Right. By W. Holt White.
12mo, 314 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net.
The Last Rose of Summer. By Rupert Hughes.
With frontispiece, 16mo, 84 pages. Harper &
Brothers. 50 cts, net.
6 We Are French !" By Perley Poore Sheehan and
Robert H. Davis, 12mo, 127 pages. George H.
Doran Co. 50 cts. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS - SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS,
AND POLITICS.
Progressive Democracy. By Herbert Croly. 8vo,
438 pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
Open-air Politics, and the Conversion of Governor
Soothem. By “ Junius Jay." 12mo, 235 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
Drift and Mastery: An Attempt to Diagnose the
Current Unrest. By Walter Lippmann. 12mo,
334 pages.
Mitchell Kennerley. $1.50 net.
Property and Contract: In Their Relations to the
Distribution of Wealth. By Richard T. Ely,
LL.D. New edition; in 2 volumes, 8vo. Mac-
millan Co. $4. net.
War's Aftermath: A Preliminary Study of the
Eugenics of War as Illustrated by the Civil War
of the United States and the Late Wars in the
Balkans. By David Starr Jordan and Harvey
Ernest Jordan. 12mo, 104 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
The Pittsburgh District: Civic Frontage. Edited
by Paul Underwood Kellogg, Illustrated, large
8vo, 554 pages. Survey Associates, Inc. $2.50 net.
The Export of Capital. By C. K. Hobson, M.A.
Svo, 264 pages.
Macmillan Co. $2. net.
Meditations on Votes for Women. By Samuel Mc-
Chord Crothers. 8vo, 81 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1. net.
The Pan-Angles: A Consideration of the Federation
of the Seven English Speaking Nations. By
Sinclair Kennedy. With map, 8vo, 244 pages.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.75 net.
The Doctrine of Judicial Review: Its Legal and
Historical Basis, and Other Essays. By Edward
S. Corwin. Svo, 177 pages. Princeton Üniversity
Press. $1.25 net.
Understanding the French. By Rollin Lynde Hartt.
8vo, 289 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.50 net.
War and Insurance. By Josiah Royce. 12mo, 96
pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.


398
[Nov. 16
THE DIAL
Municipal Charters: A Discussion of the Essentials
of a City Charter with Forms or Models for
Adoption. By Nathan Matthews, LL.D. Large
8vo, 210 pages. Harvard University Press.
The Abolition of Poverty. By Jacob H. Hollander,
Ph.D. 16mo, 122 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
75 cts, net.
A Woman's Career: The Exactions and the Ob-
stacles. By Myrtle Reed. 16mo, 57 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
The Cause and Cure of Crime. By C. R. Henderson.
16mo, 175 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. 50 cts. net.
Germany and the Germans from an American Point
of View. By Price Collier. New edition; 12mo,
498 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. net.
Ideas of Political Representation in Parliament,
1651-1832. By Philip Arnold Gibbons. 12mo, 56
pages. B. H. Blackwell. Paper.
BOOKS ABOUT THE WAR.
The Great War: The First Phase. By Frank H.
Simonds. 12mo, 256 pages. Mitchell Kennerley.
$1.25 net.
The War in Europe: Its Causes and Results. By
Albert B. Hart. 12mo, 254 pages. D. Appleton
& Co. $1. net.
What Germany Wants. By Edmund von Mach.
Illustrated, 12mo, 157 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1. net.
Who Is Responsible? Armageddon and After! By
Cloudesley Brereton. 16mo, 104 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. 50 cts. net.
Germany and England. By J. A. Cramb, M.A.; with
Introduction by Joseph H. Choate. New edition;
12mo, 152 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
Liberty! A Statement of the British Case. By
Arnold Bennett. 12mo, 48 pages. George H.
Doran Co. 25 cts. net.
One American's Opinion of the European War: An
Answer to Germany's Appeals. By Frederick W.
Whitridge 16mo, 79 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
50 cts. net.
Great Britain and the Next War. By A. Conan
Doyle. 12mo, 48 pages. Small, Maynard & Co.
Neutral Nations and the War. By James Bryce.
12mo, 16 pages. Macmillan Co. Paper, 20 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Through the Brazilian Wilderness. By Theodore
Roosevelt. Illustrated, large 8vo, 383 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.50 net.
Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mex-
ico. By E. L. Kolb; with Foreword by Owen
Wister, and illustrations in color from photo-
graphs. 8vo, 344 pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net.
Appearances. By G. Lowes Dickinson. 12mo, 221
pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1. net.
Among the Canadian Alps. By Lawrence J. Burpee;
illustrated in color and from photographs. 8vo,
239 pages.
John Lane Co. $3. net.
Japan To-day and To-morrow. By Hamilton Wright
Mabie. Illustrated, 8vo, 291 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
Round the World in Any Number of Days.
By
Maurice Baring. Illustrated, 12mo, 199 pages.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
A Naturalist in Madagascar. By James Sibree.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 320 pages. J. B. Lippin-
cott Co. $3.50 net.
Life in America One Hundred Years Ago. By
Gaillard Hunt. Illustrated, 8vo, 298 pages. Har-
per & Brothers. $1.50 net.
The Modernizing of the Orient. By Clayton Sedg-
wick Cooper. Illustrated, large 8vo, 353 pages.
McBride, Nast & Co. $2. net.
A Camera Actress in the Wilds of Togoland. By
Miss M. Gehrts; with Introduction by Major H.
Schomburgk. Illustrated, 8vo, 316 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $3. net.
The Fountain of Youth. By Charles Tenney Jack-
son. Illustrated, 8vo, 343 pages. Outing Pub-
lishing Co. $2. net.
The Lure and the Lore of Travel. By Carl Vroo-
man and Julia Scott Vrooman. 12mo, 298 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1.35 net.
Things Seen in Sweden. By W. Barnes Steveni.
Illustrated, 18mo, 254 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
75 cts. net
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.
The Enchantment of Art. By Duncan Phillips.
Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 322 pages.
John Lane Co. $2.50 net.
Early American Churches. By Aymar Embury II.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 189 pages. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $ 2.80 net.
Etching, and Other Graphic Arts: An Illustrated
Treatise. By George T. Plowman. Illustrated,
12mo, 154 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.
American Art: How It Can Be Made to Flourish.
By J. C. Dana. Large 8vo, 31 pages. Wood-
stock: The Elm Tree Press. $1. not.
The Book of Little Houses. Illustrated, 16mo, 107
pages. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net.
Roma. By Albert Kuhn. Part VI. Illustrated, 4to.
Benziger Brothers. Paper.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Social Christianity in the Orient: The Story of a
Man, a Mission, and a Movement. By John E.
Clough, D.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 409 pages.
Mac-
millan Co. $1.50 net.
Christianity and the Social Rage. By Adolph A.
Berle, D.D. 12mo, 389 pages.
McBride, Nast &
Co. $1.50 net.
Footnotes to Life. By Frank Crane. 12mo, 237
pages. John Lane Co. $1. net.
The Law of Faith: With a Lawyer's Notes on the
Written Law. By Joseph F. Randolph. 8vo, 293
pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
The Open Door By Hugh Black. 12mo, 224 pages.
Fleming H. Revell Co. $1. net.
The Christian Life in the Modern World. By Francis
Greenwood Peabody. 12mo, 234 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.25 net.
A Revelation of the Chinese Revolution: A Retro-
spect and Forecast. By a Chinese compatriot;
edited by John J. Mullowney, M.D. Illustrated,
12mo, 142 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. 75 cts. net.
God's Paths to Peace. By Ernst Richard. With
frontispiece, 16mo, 109 pages. The Abingdon
Press. 75 cts, net.
Finding God's Comfort. By J. R. Miller; edited by
John T. Faris. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 49
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 50 cts. net.
Human Harmonies and the Art of Making Them.
By S. F. Shorey. 12mo, 168 pages. Desmond
FitzGerald, Inc. 50 cts. net.
EDUCATION.
In Defence of What Might Be. By Edmond Holmes.
12mo, 376 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
Harvard. By John Hays Gardiner. Illustrated,
12mo, 333 pages. “ American College and Uni-
versity Series." Oxford University Press.
$1.50 net.
The Mother in Education. By Florence Hull Win-
terburn. 12mo, 335 pages.' McBride, Nast & Co.
$1.50 net.
College Men without Money. Edited by C. B. Riddle.
12mo, 287 pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1. net.
The Oberlehrer: A Study of the Social and Pro-
fessional Evolution of the German Schoolmaster.
By William Setchel Learned, Ph.D. Large 8vo,
150 pages.
Harvard University Press.
Essays in Exposition. Edited by Benjamin P.
Kurtz, Ph.D., and others. 12mo, 521 pages. Ginn
& Co. $1.30 net.
The Young and Field Literary Readers. By Ella
Flagg Young and Walter Taylor Field. Books
III. and IV. Illustrated, 12mo. Ginn & Co.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A Handbook to the Poetry of Rudyard Kipling.
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A Manual of Play. By William Byron Forbush.
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Foster's Complete Hoyle: An Encyclopedia of
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Stokes Co. $3. net.
The Story of Bethlehem Hospital from Its Founda-
tion in 1247. By Edward Geoffrey O'Donoghue.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 427 pages. T. Fisher
Unwin.
Dictionary of Madame de Sévigné. By Edward
FitzGerald; edited by Mary Eleanor FitzGerald
Kerrich. In 2 volumes, illustrated, 12mo. Mac-
millan Co. $3. net.
Biblical Libraries: A Sketch of Library History
from 3400 B. C. to A. D. 150. By Ernest Cushing
Richardson. Illustrated, 12mo, 252 pages.
Princeton University Press. $1.25 net.
The Millers of Haddington, Dunbar, and Dunferm-
line: A Record of Scottish Bookselling. By W.J.
Couper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 318 pages. T.
Fisher Unwin.
Food Products. By Henry C. Sherman, Ph.D. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 594 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
The Germ-cell Cycle in Animals. By Robert W.
Hegner, Ph.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 346 pages.
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Insects Injurious to the Household and Annoying to
Man. By Glenn W. Herrick. Illustrated, 8vo, 470
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.


THE DIAL
A Semi-fionthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE HOLIDAY BOOK MUSTER.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and
16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $8. a year in
advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico;
Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. RE-
MITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order,
payable to THE DIAL. Unless otherwise ordered, subscrip-
tions will begin with the current number. When no direct
request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is re-
ceived, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is
desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application.
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
Vol. LVII.
DECEMBER 1, 1914.
No. 683.
CONTENTS.
THE HOLIDAY BOOK MUSTER
PAGE
439
GERMAN CULTURE. Charles Leonard Moore
441
.
.
CASUAL COMMENT .
443
Insults to the reader's intelligence.— The
most limited edition possible.- M. Pierre
Loti's impressions of the war. The updis-
mayed book-collector.—Concerning “America.”
-An orthographic puzzle.— Book-hunger in
the Iron Range of Minnesota.— Prejudices of
juvenile readers.--"A journal of opinion.”—
A novel book-advertisement. - Deterrents to
would-be librarians.
COMMUNICATION
446
Bettering Wordsworth. Titus Munson Coan.
THE INVENTOR OF THE TELEGRAPH.
Percy F. Bicknell
447
A BRAZILIAN JOURNEY. T. D. A. Cockerell 449
Military terms and martial imagery have
ousted the nomenclature and the metaphors of
peace. Therefore it is not unnatural at this
time to view the annual procession of holiday
publications as an army on its way to the
front- to the bookshop where, as on the
firing line in battle, it faces the risk of defeat
as well as the prospect of victory. But the
defeat is never a total rout, nor is the victory
ever unclouded by partial failure. Certain
parts of the formation, occasional units in the
brave array, encounter disaster or achieve
success, as the case may be, and with the com-
ing of another season the lines are reformed
and the battle goes on as before. A few of the
wounded may recover and return to the front,
perhaps in even better fighting condition than
before, but most of those that fall in the first
charge go down never to rise again. Instances
like the now acknowledged masterpiece of
Edward FitzGerald, which for a long time lay
disregarded among the refuse marked down in
desperation to a penny by the undiscerning
dealer in literary odds and ends, and was at
last rescued from oblivion only by what might
seem a lucky accident, are so rare as to enjoy
a quite peculiar fame of their own.
What constitutes a holiday book, it would
be hard to define precisely, and the term is
here used loosely to cover the general literary
harvest of the closing year. But, not to ex-
change military for agricultural phraseology,
not to beat prematurely our swords into
ploughshares and our spears into pruning-
hooks, let us continue for a brief moment to
review the ranks and files of this array of the
season's books as a martial host equipped for
conflict. The soldiers of the first line — what
in military language is called the active army
- engage our most interested attention. A
good account of themselves is sure to be ren-
dered by these trained and disciplined fight-
ers. M. Maeterlinck, for instance, as repre-
sented by his new book, and Mr. Crothers in
his timely reflections on Votes for Women,
and Mr. H. G. Wells in his latest novel, and
Mr. Masefield in his volume of poems, with
half a hundred others that might be named,
.
O
HORACE WALPOLE'S “DEAR BOTH."
land Greever.
Gar-
. 450
“ THE PATHFINDER.” W. H. Johnson
452
.
LIFE IN PHILADELPHIA.
Donlin
George Bernard
453
.
.
RECENT FICTION. Lucian Cary
455
Wells's The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman.
France's The Revolt of the Angels.- The
Pastor's Wife.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.— I.
456
American Travel and Description.-- Foreign
Travel and Description.-- Holiday Art Books.
- Holiday Editions of Standard Literature.
- Records of the Past.- Holiday Fiction.-
Miscellaneous Holiday Books.
THE SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG 465
.
NOTES
469
TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS
470
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
470
.


440
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
->
may be relied upon to acquit themselves cred issued under a new title and passed off as a
itably. But they will not lack the support of book of the season. Four years ago an enter-
the reserves and the younger recruits, of the prising publisher thús brought out Miss Mit-
Landwehr and the Landsturm, and there will ford's “Our Village” with a transmogrified
be no gap in the battle front that is not speed-title-page - even the author's name, whether
ily filled up from the rear.
by accident or design, being slightly changed
Among the veterans who might have been --- and with a lavish addition of unrelated pic-
thought to have earned their honorable retire torial matter that doubtless helped to palm the
ment, but who are now recalled to service by volume off upon the inexperienced as a fresh
the exigencies of the hour, one may note Mr. and eminently desirable literary creation.
Norman Angell Lane's well-known work, The imperfect fitting of a stock of miscella-
“The Great Illusion," revised and supple neous pictures to almost any old book capable
mented, and the late Emil Reich's “Ger-
of illustration is a time-honored and some-
many's Swelled Head," also brought up to times commercially successful device of the
date, and Mr. Arthur Bullard's "Panama," expert holiday-book-manufacturer. Another
enlarged, and also the usual number of re very simple and often deceptive expedient of
printed and re-illustrated favorites in ro the wide-awake publisher is the omission of
mance and poetry, history and biography and the date at the foot of an author's preface
travel. The new recruits necessarily include when it is desired to give an air of youth to
some, perhaps many, who are destined to a book no longer in its infancy; and if the
receive grievous wounds and to lie moaning work is presented in new typography and
in pain on the battlefield, somewhat as the with other modern details, the result is not
sixteen-year-old boys now forced to the front seldom gratifying in more ways than one.
in eastern Germany are found in pitiful This present season witnesses, for instance, the
plight by the advancing Russians and are resuscitation of two works (Mr. Percy Fitz-
heard to admit that this is their first expe-gerald's “Book Fancier” and Andrew Lang's
rience in handling a rifle, their first participa- “Oxford”') that deserve to succeed on their
tion in military maneuvres.
And a few unaided merits, though they originally ap-
rather decrepit old soldiers, gallantly striving peared twenty-eight and twenty-four years
to hide their infirmities, are detected by a ago, respectively. Now, in all the pride of
sharp eye as the forces continue their march. new print and the luxury of ample margins,
Some of the devices adopted, by those and in one case with new illustrations, and
skilled in such things, to give an appearance also, in both instances, with discreet avoidance
of newness and unimpaired serviceability to of any hint as to their having lost the bloom
what might otherwise fail to pass muster, are of youth, they take their places confidently
more interesting to the philosophical observer and imposingly among the publications of the
than highly creditable to their authors. For
current year.
At least one reviewer has al-
example, and with a shifting of imagery from ready discussed Mr. Fitzgerald's excellent
the army to the navy, a dummy funnel of
dummy funnel of book as if it were a new production. But if
painted canvas, like that which enabled the there be any imposition in the matter, the pub-
late unlamented “Emden” to deceive her foes lishers might well enough plead that it is in
and strew the seas with wrecked merchant a good cause. If deserving old books will not
men, is often rigged up on an ancient craft to be bought and read for their own sakes and
make it pass for a new battleship of latest in their undisguised oldness, let them be out-
equipment. A special preface, of little or no wardly rejuvenated and made to win fresh
value in itself, is provided for a half-forgotten triumphs by virtue of their rejuvenation.
book on which the copyright may have ex The war machine must in all its parts be
pired, or which may never have been copy- up-to-date, and a little ahead of date if possi-
righted in this country, and on the strength of ble, to win the victory; and so the army of
this trifling addition copyright in the current books must each year have new uniforms and
year is obtained (for the preface alone, of the most modern of equipment if it is to con-
course, though no explanation to that effect is quer the great public's inborn reluctance to
printed), and the heedless purchaser imagines be separated from its money. Or, at any rate,
he has secured a new work of literature. Or, such is the prevailing impression among those
with greater audacity, a classic may be re versed in such recondite matters.


1914)
441
THE DIAL
an-
GERMAN CULTURE.
instantly to reject their claims to superiority.
Their literature, the literature of Hauptmann
Slights and insults rankle worse than in and Sudermann and Wedekind, seems to us
juries. For any people to put on airs of enormously inferior to the work of their classic
superiority to their neighbors is to evoke a epoch. It is a muddle of rather sickly ideal-
vindictive spirit. The South, at the beginning ism and naturalism of the most pernicious
of the Civil War, called the Northerners sort. The imaginative reason does not shine
"mud-sills and "barbarians,” and through it so clearly as through the contem-
nounced the purpose of imposing its own porary work in England and France. In
civilization upon them. There has been a music we believe the Germans have allowed
similar exhibition of self-satisfaction and
and themselves at last to be distanced by the com-
vain-glory among the Germans of late. It has
posers of other countries. In art we may call
been a sudden explosion, for ordinarily the up as a witness the great critic of modern
Germans have been the most modest of people. painting, Herr Meier-Graefe. He is a German
Shakespeare has been their national poet. and, if the newspaper report of his recent
They have welcomed and naturalized Cal utterances be correct, a prejudiced and im-
deron and Molière and Milton and Dante. It placable one. In the chapters of his work on
is hardly too much to say that a good half of modern art devoted to Germany, he labors
German literature consists of commentaries on faithfully to set forth the claims of recent
foreign literature and art. Goethe, speaking German artists, but the impression he gives is
of Molière, said: “It is well for us little men that he considers them meritorious and re-
to stand humbly in the presence of the mas spectable. He certainly does not write of
ters." And he rebuked those who tried to them with the enthusiasm and whole-hearted
raise up Tieck as a rival to himself, by saying praise he bestows on Constable and Delacroix
that it was as absurd as if he should try to and Manet and Cezanne. In civics, owing to
equal himself with Shakespeare, who was an intelligent state action and supervision, Ger-
immeasurably greater power.
But now the many has undoubtedly achieved success. All
Germans are crying themselves up as superior observers admit that the ordinary affairs of
to everybody else.
life are better ordered there than anywhere
We confess to a weakness for Germany, be else. Whether or not, in order to get such
cause of the cult of genius which has, inter- | results, other races would submit to such drill
mittently, prevailed in that country for nearly and discipline may be questioned. A good
two hundred years. It began with Frederick many people object to be vaccinated for small-
the Great's experiment with Voltaire, was con pox, and we imagine the mass of mankind will
tinued by the Weimar Court through two gen- refuse to be inoculated for civic comfort and
erations of poets and musicians, and was welfare.
practised in one way or another by various But when we come to the culture of the
other courts and states. Finally, perhaps a Germanic peoples in the past, there is enough
day after the fair, it was taken up by the great to give us pause in our rejection of their
Philistine people themselves. An attempt has claims. This inquiry is matter for a volume,
really been made for efficiency, an effort to not for a slight essay, and no one man's
get every one in his right place and to recog- knowledge would suffice. We can only give
nize and reward talent. That this attempt has what seems to be the general opinion of the
come off, has been successful, seems doubtful. world, eked out by our own hazardous guesses.
Heine was an exile and his works were pro The first thing to decide is: Who are the
scribed. Wagner was an exile, and was kept Teutons? We suppose that Holland and the
in extreme poverty for twenty years while he Low Countries generally would have to be
was doing his great work. Schopenhauer and yoked with the present German Empire and
Nietzsche were utterly neglected in their life-Austria as generically and historically related.
times, though their pupils and imitators have The second question would be: What is cul-
been loaded with honors. The best of the mod ture? Without prejudice to other human
ern German artists have had a hard struggle, activities we will take architecture, art, music,
while popular favor and the patronage of literature, philosophy, science, manners, and
the great went to their inferior rivals. In war as covering what is usually accounted
Germany, as elsewhere, fortune has usually culture.
turned genius from the door while she has If Gothic architecture could be attributed
ushered the great, pre-eminent dunces to the to the Teutons, they would stand side by side
feast.
with the Greeks in this important field. But
If it were merely a question of contempo the credit must be shared with the Byzantines,
rary German culture, we should be disposed | the French, the Spanish, and the English;


442
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
so that they have no superiority here. Giving contending rivals: “You are all Hidalgo's."
to the Teutons the art of the Low Countries, It would be a hard matter to decide between
which we feel is a stretch of generosity, they | Germany with Kepler, Copernicus, and Gut-
stand out equal to the Italians and superior enberg; Italy with Galileo, Galvani, and
to all other modern peoples. A good many Columbus; France with an almost intermin-
critics believe Rembrandt the greatest painter able band of astronomers and physicists; and
of the world. In music it is hardly worth England with Bacon, Newton, Darwin, and
while to register rivals or seconds — the Teu- Watts. If the balance inclines at all,
we
tons are supreme.
should say it was in the favor of England.
There is very little German creative litera The manners of a people are a delicate sub-
ture which is greatly original and still less ject to criticize.
ject to criticize. Every nation has its own
which has the classic perfection that can defy ideal. Every nation, however, has openly or
time. In the drama and the novel it has al-covertly admitted that the French are polite.
ways followed foreign fashions. How much of If this gallant and charming people have a
German poetry is absolutely first rate? The rival in manners, it is in the more stately
first part of Faust and a quantity of ballads and serious Spanish. The Germans have a
and lyrics perhaps. Even this much hardly homely kindliness of nature, and, for aught
has that stamp of style which is common in we know, individuals among them may pos-
Greek, Latin, Italian, and English poetry. sess all the fineness and polish of the Arab
There is probably more of the ultimate per or Parisian. This grand style does not come
fections of poetry in the forty lines of “Kubla out in their literature or biographies. The
Khan” than in the entire extant body of great Goethe alternated his love letters to
German verse. Goethe knew very well that Charlotte von Stein by sending her presents
distinction was the one thing that German of cabbage-soup.
of cabbage-soup. And the recent philosophy
literature lacked, and he strove all his life to dominant in Germany certainly would seem
attain it. But either something in the lan to crush out the very elements of politeness.
guage or a deep strain of homeliness in the There is no Fontenoy business, “The French
Germanic nature, was against him. The first never fire first, " about it. Whatever Niet-
great monument of German
poetry, the zsche's philosophy may be in the point of
“Nibelungenlied,” is perhaps typical of what morals — and for our part we think it merely
the race can do in this field. It is in a carries to a logical extreme the doctrines and
way the most tremendous picture of human discoveries of Carlyle and Darwin — however
life ever unrolled. But it is clumsy in de- it may show in morals, it is horribly disas-
sign and pedestrian and garrulous in execu trous to manners. The Will to Power" is
tion. It borrowed much from the Norse the absolute antithesis to noblesse oblige.
sagas, but it did not borrow their brevity and Probably hog wallowing is the way to succeed
brilliance. All this is not to say that German in life, but the nobler spirits of mankind will
poetry is lacking in great and lasting quali- always prefer to be beaten with Don Quixote
ties. It is rich in thought, full of music, and rather than arrive at the Governorship of an
more pregnant with emotion and sentiment | Island with Sancho Panza.
than the poetry of any other race. Its very Lastly, in war there are only three great
homespun quality has been its fortune in the superdreadnaughts of glory - Alexander,
modern world which has grown impatient of Cæsar, and Napoleon. Hannibal and Charle
silks and satins and cloth of gold. In all the magne may perhaps be yoked with these.
lines of criticism, however, it is superior to Germany with her Barbarossa, Wallenstein,
any other. French criticism, which is usually Frederick the Great, and Moltke certainly does
set up against it, is mostly a kind of glorified not outrank England with Alfred, Cromwell,
gossip.
Marlborough, Nelson, and Wellington.
German philosophy ranks with that of the To sum up, if all the various forms of cul-
Greeks and Hindus. It is perhaps not so ture can be ranked as equal, then the Teutons
original as either of these others. Kant was may be credited with a greater assortment
deeply indebted to Hume; his successors, of gifts for mankind than any other people
Schelling, Fichte, and Hegel, pillaged the pre- | except the Greeks or the Italians, ancient and
Socratic Greek thinkers; and Schopenhauer, modern. But there have been a good many
Nietzsche, and Eucken went back to the of them, and their per capita of the products
Asiatics. However, there is no more consid of culture is probably far less than the French
erable or important body of thought in any or English. And the different forms of cul-
modern language.
ture cannot be considered equal. Opinions
When it comes to the question of science, pure will differ, of course, as to the value of the
and applied, we are tempted to say to all the different arts and activities of mankind. But


1914]
443
THE DIAL
there is a pretty general consensus that lit tion which appears at stated or regular inter-
erature, and especially poetry, is the fine, con vals.' The term is not applied to books which
summate flower of mortal effort. In poetry, the are published in parts or sections.”? Near the
Germans are babes in swaddling clothes be end of the book a hortatory paragraph bids
side the full-grown English. In war and us, if we would make the acquaintance of
manners they must yield to the French. In the greatest minds the world has ever known,
music alone are they so superior as to be able learn to read, cultivate the reading habit, and,
to say “Here is our throne, let all men bow to whatever else you may do, READ. Perhaps
it.” It does not seem to us, therefore, that wise advice like this cannot be too often re-
their culture is so overwhelmingly superior to peated. The third of the books under con-
any single European State that they should sideration is the initial number of a series to
seek to impose it by force of arms upon the be known as “Classics of American Libra-
whole world. As if culture could be imposed rianship,” edited by Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick
by force!
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
of the St. Louis Public Library, and pub-
lished by the H. W. Wilson Co. The volume
in hand is on “The Relationship between the
CASUAL COMMENT.
Library and the Public Schools,” a favorite
and well-worn theme among educators and
INSULTS TO THE READER'S INTELLIGENCE, in librarians. From the numerous papers of
the form of unnecessary elucidation, super various authorship that the book contains we
fluous instruction, excessive elaboration, dem- have space only for the following sound
onstration of the self-evident, expatiation on maxim: “The children's room should not be
the commonplace, or any like manner of planned for student use only, since it should
weariness, are resented by the mentally alert. meet the needs of the child as a child, as well
As prone as any others to commit this error as of the child as a student.” We defy any.
of underrating the reader's intelligence are one to controvert this.
the didactic and the homiletic writers;' and
among didactic writers the authors of arti-
THE MOST
LIMITED EDITION POSSIBLE is,
cles and handbooks on the administration and manifestly, the edition restricted to a single
use of libraries are not the least of sinners. copy. Such editions are extremely rare, but
There have recently been published in this not unknown. For example, Babbage, of cal-
department of literature three useful books culating-machine fame, was responsible for
wherein a reader not maliciously critical the issue of a certain remarkable work in
might conceivably find passages likely to twenty-one volumes, each of which was lit-
arouse the resentment above referred to. For erally unique. But before proceeding further
example, in a handy little manual on "The let us recall a story that illustrates the pecul-
Practical Use of Books and Libraries," by iarities of the man and indicates the bent of
Mr. Gilbert O. Ward of the Cleveland Public his genius. Accustomed to wear a nightcap in
Library,— a book intended for “young per sleeping, he once found himself away from
sons such as high school students and library home without this article of apparel and
apprentices,”- the author thinks it necessary facing the prospect of both sleeplessness and a
to explain that “a dictionary is an alpha cold in the head. Reasoning, however, that
betical list of the words of a language with the imagination is potent in its influence over
their derivations and meanings." On an the bodily senses, he searched his pockets for
other page he says: “To use an index, look a piece of string, which he tied over his head
for the name of what is wanted in its alpha and under his chin in such wise as to give
betical place as in a dictionary or in a tele much the same feeling as if he had donned his
phone directory." Elsewhere he explains customary head-gear. As a result he slept well
that “the title of a book usually gives a hint and suffered no ill effects from the substitu-
of the book's contents. Mr. Ward's treatise
Characteristic, therefore, of his fond-
is now in its second and revised and enlarged ness for experiment and of his keen attention
edition, and is published by the Boston Book to the little things of daily life that collec-
Co. The second of these carefully planned tively go to make up some of its big things,
works is entitled “Books and Libraries : was his series of studies in the effect on the
Their Makers and Their Use," and it is writ reader's eye of different-colored papers and
ten by Mr. Charles Phillips Chipman, libra inks in the making of books. In order to
rian of Colby College, and published by the ascertain exactly what combination of colors
Colby Alumnus Press. Opening at the elev or shades would produce the least fatigue, he
enth chapter, one is informed that “a periodi- caused portions of the tables of logarithms to
cal is defined as “a magazine or other publica- be printed in many colors on paper of many
tion.


444
[Dec. 1
THE DIAL
colors. This work, Babbage's “Specimens of gesture. The church square was filled with
Logarithmic Tables," in twenty-one volumes enormous English busses which in other times
octavo, London, 1831, was limited to one copy; had given communication facilities to Lon-
but who finally became its owner cannot here don, and still bore in huge letters the names
be stated. It must have rivalled Joseph's of certain quarters of that city. It will be
coat of many colors in its polychromatic ap- said that I exaggerate, but truly they had an
pearance. Sterne's "Tristram Shandy" has, air of astonishment, these busses, at rolling
at pages 169, 170, of volume one, two pieces over French soil and being filled with French
of marbled paper pasted where the printed soldiers.” Splendidly determined to see the
matter would regularly have its place. “Mot- soul of goodness in things evil, Loti thus char-
ley emblem of my work,” satirically says the acteristically concludes: “What good people
author of this device. But it was nothing to still live in the world! And how the aggres-
Babbage's motley assortment of paper and sion of the German savages has strengthened
printers' ink in the aforementioned work. the sweet, gentle bonds of fraternity among
One hundred and fifty-one colors and shades all those who are truly of the human species!"
were represented in the paper used, and the
printing was in light and dark blue, light and THE UNDISMAYED BOOK-COLLECTOR rides his
dark green, light and dark red, olive, yellow, hobby (he is lucky to have anything to ride
purple, and black; also, in the last volume in these days when all ridable horses have been
there was printing in gold, silver, and copper, commandeered or otherwise appropriated for
on vellum as well as on paper of different military use) and delights in the acquisition
colors. As this is the year in which tri-cen- of a rare Elzevir or Aldine just as if the fate
tennial honors are being paid to Napier, the of nations were not hanging in the balance.
inventor of logarithms, the foregoing may not But, after all, what good would it do for the
be altogether unseasonable.
non-militant world to suspend its customary
activities, shocking though it may at first seem
M. PIERRE LOTI'S IMPRESSIONS OF THE WAR,
to find pleasure in anything when so many
as published in the Paris journal, “L'Illustra- thousands of one's fellow-beings are subjected
tion,” contain more of poetry than of grim
to unspeakable sufferings? The hammer of
reality; and yet the scenes that met his eye in the book-auctioneer still continues to knock
a little village of northern France were all
down the coveted volume to the delighted high-
real enough, the poetic charm lying in his
est bidder. In London the house of Hodgson
interpretation of them. The October sun shone & Co. started a successful book-sale toward the
with a kindly warmth that reminded one of end of October, and greater things in the same
Provence, while from a distance came the branch of trade are in prospect for the new
hoarse roar of artillery like the mutterings of year. Some one has recalled the interesting
a gathering storm. “In the neighboring fields fact that this same firm of Hodgson & Co., or,
peasants were working as if nothing out of the rather, its founder, had the courage, a century
ordinary had been going on, doubtful however ago, on the very eve of the battle of Waterloo,
whether the savages who made so much noise to announce the sale of “A Miscellaneous Col-
over yonder might not come back one of these lection of Old and New Books in good pres-
days and lay waste everything. Here and ervation,” which were to be “sold by Auction
there on the greensward, clustered about little by Mr. Saunders at his Great Room (The
fagot fires, were groups of people who would Poet's Gallery), No. 39, Fleet Street, on Fri-
have seemed pitiable under a sunless sky, but day, June 16th, 1815, and Nine following days
whom the sun managed to make cheerful - (Sundays excepted) at 12 o'clock each Day."
even those refugees in flight before the bar If the great battle had not chanced to fall on
barians, cooking their food as gypsies do, a Sunday, the peaceful purchase of "old and
among the bundles of their poor clothes, new books in good preservation" would have
packed in haste when the frantic flight for gone on while cannon were thundering on the
safety set in. ... When we entered the vil now historic plain beyond the Dover Straits.
lage the sun was shining with increasing
brightness. There was a confusion, a jumble,
CONCERNING “AMERICA," the national an-
the like of which man had never seen and them (as it is also, in its music, the British
never will see again after this war, unique in
national anthem, while, to go a little further,
history. All the uniforms were there, all the it is likewise the air of a German patriotic
arms of the service, the Scots, the French song), certain facts of interest are just now
cuirassiers, the Turcos, the Zouaves, and the to be noted. The original manuscript of the
Bedouins who give their military salute by verses, “My country, 'tis of thee, - com-
raising their hooded cloaks with a stately posed in a spare half-hour at Andover Theo-


1914)
445
THE DIAL
logical Seminary by Samuel Francis Smith in are about it, they might also fix upon an inter-
1832,- has recently been given to the Har national accent of still another military term,
vard University Library by the author's subaltern, which is emphasized on the penult
surviving children; and Librarian Lane, in in this country and on the antepenult in
acknowledging the gift, has promised that England. When the war is over and the
when the new building is occupied the pre-| things that military language stands for cease
cious relic shall be "made accessible for vis- to be of an importance so vastly superior to
itors to see.” A little before this interesting that of the language itself, perhaps the world
occurrence (the presentation) there chanced will have leisure to amuse itself with such
to be revived, in connection with Baltimore's questions as these.
“Star Spangled Banner" celebration, the
question of the authorship of the music of BOOK-HUNGER IN THE IRON RANGE OF MIN-
"America''; but the settlement of that an NESOTA evinces itself in the eager use that the
cient dispute remains as remote as before. Iron Rangers make of any new public library
Whether Dr. Henry Carey, as his partisans that opens to them its literary treasures.
maintain, wrote the familiar British song and From the mining town of Chisholm there
supplied it with a tune in the year 1740, comes, through the columns of the “Library
whether, as a certain fitness of things makes News and Notes” of the Minnesota Public
one wish to believe, Dr. John Bull rendered Library Commission, this item of cheering
this service to his countrymen on the occasion intelligence: “It would do Mary Antin's
of the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot (to heart good if she could visit the libraries on
which the line, “Frustrate their knavish the Iron Range and see the use which the
tricks," is said especially to allude), the immigrants are making of these splendid in-
world may never know. Luckily there will stitutions. In the six weeks from the opening
never be any question as to the origin of the of the library, May 15th to the end of June,
lines whose author had his praises so mem 935 children and 504 adults were registered,
orably sung by one of the boys” at the thir- and 5609 volumes were circulated. During
tieth anniversary supper of his college class, July 164 additional registrations were made,
the famous Harvard '29,-
and the circulation was 3336 volumes. Spe-
“And there's a nice youngster of excellent pith,-
cial days in the week are assigned to the
Fate tried to conceal him by naming him Smith;
children from various locations, in order to
But he shouted a song for the brave and the distribute the work evenly. The children may
free,
exchange books any day, but there is music
Just read on his medal, “ My country, of thee!!" for them on these special days, and a story
hour. There are victrola concerts every Sun-
AN ORTHOGRAPHIC PUZZLE confronts the day afternoon, in which the music of many
spelling-reformers in the now daily and nations is used. Sometimes selections from
hourly used word corps. The “Simplified an opera are given, and the story of the opera
Spelling Bulletin” devotes more than a page
is told." These frequent reports of the immi-
to discussing the anomalies and ambiguities grant children's enthusiastic and intelligent
for which this unsimplifiable French word use of their library privileges in “the prom-
has been responsible. “But we must say core
ised land” make a native reader almost
and spel it corps,” says the writer, though ashamed of the comparative lack of ardor in
“the normal English spelling of corps is in this respect on the part of some of our young
fact core, or, if one so pronounces it, cor.” people of good old American stock.
Apparently the “Bulletin” shrinks from the
responsibility of advocating a phonetic spell PREJUDICES OF JUVENILE READERS make
ing of the word; even in its pages the “army themselves known in more or less amusing
core” would cut a rather queer figure. In ways to every children's librarian with ears
this connection one is reminded of another to hear the freely offered comments of the
military term that may some day give a little young book-borrowers. For example, in the
trouble to the reformers, if it has not already juvenile department of the St. Louis Public
done so.
Lieutenant can hardly be said to Library the following dialogue, as recorded
offer a perfect example of phonetic spelling by Miss Effie L. Power in "How the Children
even to an American, far less to an English- of a Great City Get Their Books," varied the
man, who customarily pronounces the word, day's routine not long ago. “Missus, how
leftenant. The American and the English much will I have to pay if I keep my book
simplifiers ought to get together and agree on till Monday?” asked a small voice over the
an international spelling and pronunciation receiving desk of a city library. The at-
of this very common word. And while they tendant looked up eagerly to meet the famil-
.
-


446
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
In your
iar face of Joe, a very near and constant DETERRENTS TO WOULD-BE LIBRARIANS are
borrower. " Why, Joe? What has hap- often better-advised than encouragements.
pened?
“Nothin',
was the reply, while Librarianship is no bed of roses. In the Wis-
the attendant fingered the book cards in the consin “Library Bulletin" are printed sundry
tray before her. “Your book is due to-day, wise remarks on this subject; for example:
but you have an hour's time before the library “The important thing to bear in mind in se-
closes. Why don't you go home and get it?" lecting apprentices is that it is much easier to
“Can't,” said Joe. “Why can't you?” per get an assistant than to get rid of one. Any
sisted the attendant. “ 'Cause," continued applicant who can be deterred by a recital of
Joe, “I'll get a bath if I do." Though not the difficulties with which her path will be
exactly an expression of his literary likings [be] set and the small compensation that will
or dislikings, Joe's words deserve a place in be hers, even should she continue to walk
the “lighter vein" of librariana.
therein should be spared no detail."
Another rather wise utterance on the same
“A JOURNAL OF OPINION” appears as the
page is this: “An informal oral examination
sub-title on the opening page of the new to test the quickness of thought is often illu-
weekly periodical just started in New York minating, and an excellent test of an examina-
under the editorship of Mr. Herbert Croly tion is to take it oneself.” Best of all is the
and an able staff of young writers, and with
discovery made in a footnote that this
the promising name, "The New Republic” shrewdly practical advice is from a library-
(without apologies or acknowledgments to
school graduation thesis — not from the accu-
Mr. Mallock). The editor explains, speaking mulated wisdom of an experienced librarian.
as if such an undertaking were entirely novel
and quite unprecedented, that his enterprise
“is an attempt to find national audience for a
COMMUNICATION.
journal of interpretation and opinion.” That
BETTERING WORDSWORTH.
is, of course, what every serious-minded
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
weekly review of the world's doings has hoped
“ Casual Comment” of October 16 you
to do. It may be that “The New Republic"
chide the "self-constituted critics of literary mas-
will succeed to a degree which has not hith-
terpieces”
- such of them at least as have “ pro-
erto been achieved in America. We have
saic souls." But the bards themselves, from
already expressed the hope that it will. It
Chaucer to Matthew Arnold and Browning, have
does seem that there is promise in the first always been fond of criticizing one another; in a
numbers of this paper of a more hospitable book of “Poets on Poets” Mrs. Strachey has gath-
welcome to the man with an idea — especially ered together the pronouncements - mostly favor-
a man with an idea about politics or education
able - of no less than threescore of them upon
which can be set down in fifteen hundred
their fellow-singers. The suggestion of “flower”
in Blanco White's famous sonnet
words — than it is our American journalistic for "fly.”.
“ To Night" is familiar; and who has not re-
custom to offer.
marked Byron's carelessness of diction, and
A NOVEL BOOK-ADVERTISEMENT is brought to Crabbe's?
the attention of readers of a prominent news Take now this passage in the “Lines Left on a
paper by an observant correspondent. In the
Seat in a Yew-tree":
trade catalogue of a well-known London pub-
“ Know that ... he who feels contempt
For any living thing, hath faculties
lisher, he says, appears the following note on
Which he hath never used: that thought with him
a certain useful work, which is named at the Is in its infancy.”
end. "If, as perhaps may be, the Mailed Fist
Rousseau had already said (in “Emile "), “Speak
of Prusso-Nietzschian Immoralism has its of the human race with emotion, even with pity –
knuckles smashed for ever by the strong hand never with contempt.” What could be humaner,
of the free peoples of Europe (y compris les wiser, more lucid? But when Wordsworth writes
Russes), and its Shining Armour labeled in a “Hath faculties which he hath never used,” is
corner of life's great Museum, it will not be there not some lack in sequence and clearness!
Let us venture to read as follows:
forgotten that one organizer of victory was
free speech. Of that some pure samples, amid
“ Know that ... he who feels contempt
whatever dross and tinsel, may be found
For any living thing, not yet hath known
His nobler faculties: that thought with him
throughout the generations in the pages of Is in its infancy.”
Hansard's Debates." Few are the books now
How to make my peace with my fellow-lovers of
on the market that may not be shown by an Wordsworth? For I am on dangerous ground.
ingenious advertisement-writer to have some But in poetry it is the letter as well as the spirit
bearing on the present all-absorbing Euro that giveth life.
TITUS MUNSON COAN.
pean event.
New York, November 18, 1914.


1914]
447
THE DIAL
The Mew Books.
that he fitted so imperfectly into the college
machinery that he slipped a cog and dropped
into the class succeeding that with which he
THE INVENTOR OF THE TELEGRAPH.* had entered. Moreover, he received no ap-
Familiar though the name of Samuel F. B.
pointment at graduation. His extraordinary
Morse is to all intelligent persons, few are
power of application and tenacity of purpose
developed later. As he was but fourteen
wont to think of him as anything more than
an inventor, a scientist absorbed in the study but nineteen when he received his bachelor's
years old when he entered Yale in 1805, and
of electro-magnetism, and the victim of some
degree, there is no cause for surprise at his
of the usual hardships and injustices that
flabbiness of mental texture when he rejoined
fall to the lot of almost every great inventive
his family at Charlestown and, obedient to
genius. The accounts of the man hitherto his parents' wishes, consented to begin life as
published have naturally dealt especially and
a bookseller's apprentice at a salary of four
often exclusively with Morse the inventor, to
the neglect of Morse the painter, the sculptor, he had begun to paint, and had gained enough
hundred dollars a year. Already, however,
and the great-hearted, large-minded human proficiency in portraiture to secure a number
being. Yet his life-course of fourscore years
of sitters — at five dollars for a miniature on
was half run before he furned his attention, ivory, or one dollar for a simple profile; and
as if by accident, to the field of labor in
before many months had passed his father
which he was to win his peculiar distinction
found him so absorbed in art at the expense
in the eyes of the world. This division of his
of commerce that it was wisely decided to
life into two equal parts is indicated to the
eye by the similar division of his ample biog. plans were made for him to accompany Wash-
oppose no longer the bent of his genius, and
raphy, now completed by his son, into two ington Allston to London and there pursue
nearly equal volumes; and as it is the later his painting under the best available instruc-
Morse who is already best known to us, it may
tion. The aged but still active Benjamin
be well here to give chief attention to the less
West's kindly reception and cordial encour-
familiar and equally interesting earlier Morse
agement of his young compatriot were of great
as we find him self-portrayed in his letters
assistance to him, and he visited Copley,
and journals, for the most part hitherto un-
whom he found friendly but not exactly in-
published.
spiring in the sad decline of his powers.
As will appear at once to any reader, and
Admitted to the Royal Academy on the
as Morse's son says of him at the outset,
strength of a drawing from the Laocoon, he
“his versatility and abounding vitality were as devoted his days to painting at home with his
tounding. He would have been an eminent man in room-mate, Charles R. Leslie, of subsequent
his day had he never invented the telegraph; but fame as an American artist, and his evenings
it is of absorbing interest, in following his career,
to drawing at the Academy. From a letter of
to note how he was forced to give up one ambition
after another, to suffer blow after blow which
this golden period (the autumn of 1811) we
would have overwhelmed a man of less indomitable quote a significant passage.
perseverance, until all his great energies were im “I was astonished to find such a difference in
pelled into the one channel which ultimately led to the encouragement of art between this country and
vndying fame."
America. In America it seemed to lie neglected
and only thought to be an employment suited to a
Probably it was this very versatility and
lower class of people; but here it is the constant
abounding vitality that gave to the first years subject of conversation, and the exhibitions of the
of young Morse's college course at Yale a com-
several painters are fashionable resorts. No per-
plexion not wholly satisfactory to his parents, son is esteemed accomplished or well educated un-
the Rev. Jedediah Morse of Charlestown, less he possesses almost an enthusiastic love for
Massachusetts, and his good wife, Elizabeth paintings. To possess a gallery of pictures is the
Ann Breese (granddaughter, by the way, of pride of every nobleman, and they seem to vie
President Samuel Finley of Princeton Col-
with each other in possessing the most choice and
lege). Avid of pleasure, like any healthy boy
most numerous collection."
of his age, the lad seems to have spent more
Though Morse's English sojourn included
of his time and substance in non-academic
the years of our last war with the mother
pursuits than was thought wise by those enti- country, and though he was intensely and at
tled to pronounce judgment, and it is certain tin
times outspokenly patriotic, he seems to have
met with no serious unpleasantness arising
* SAMUEL F. B. MORSE: His LETTERS AND JOURNALS. Edited
and supplemented by his son, Edward Lind Morse. Illustrated
from his nationality, and, as the following
with reproductions of his paintings and with notes and dia quotation shows, his proficiency in art did not
grams bearing on the invention of the telegraph.
volumes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
fail of recognition. A large painting, “The
In two


448
[Dec. 1
THE DIAL
Dying Hercules," had been sent by him to previous ones, keep a careful diary, the exact
the Royal Academy Exhibition at Somerset date and circumstances cannot be given. The
House, and he had also made a clay model of story, no longer new one, as told by his son
the figure to help him in his work with the is as follows:
brush. He writes home in June, 1813:
“ One night at the dinner-table the conversation
“I send by this opportunity (Mr. Elisha God anced upon the subject of electro-magnetism, and
dard) the little cast of the Hercules which ob Dr. Jackson described some of the more recent
tained the prize this year at the Adelphi, and also discoveries of European scientists — the length of
the gold medal, which was the premium presented wire in the coil of a magnet, the fact that elec-
to me, before a large assembly of the nobility and tricity passed instantaneously through any known
gentry of the country, by the Duke of Norfolk, length of wire, and that its presence could be ob-
who also paid me a handsome compliment at the served at any part of the line by breaking the
same time. There were present Lord Percy, the
circuit. Morse was, naturally, much interested,
Margravine of Anspach, the Turkish, Sardinian, and it was then that the inspiration, which had
and Russian Ambassadors, who were pointed out
lain dormant in his brain for many years, sud-
to me, and many noblemen whom I do not now denly came to him, and he said: 'If the presence
recollect. My great picture also has not only been of electricity can be made visible in any part of
received at the Royal Academy, but has one of the the circuit, I see no reason why intelligence may
finest places in the rooms. It has been spoken of not be transmitted instantaneously by electricity.'”
in the papers, which you must know is considered No one was startled by the suggestion, its sig.
a great compliment; for a young artist, unless nificance being doubtless beyond the grasp of
extraordinary, is seldom or never mentioned till he the average man; but the one who made it
has exhibited several times. They not only praise appreciated its meaning and thenceforth de-
me, but place my picture among the most attrac-
tive in the exhibition. This I know will give you
voted himself to the putting of his thought
into a visible form. What sacrifices he was
pleasure.”
willing to make for the sake of that elusive
These auspicious beginnings might have been
expected to lead on to those supreme achieve- end, appear from his own subsequent confes-
ments in art that the young painter avowedly
sions. He says, for instance:
aspired to, as appears from a letter to his
“Up to the autumn of 1837 my telegraphic ap-
paratus existed in so rude a form that I felt a
parents :
reluctance to have it seen. My means were very
“My ambition is to be among those who shall limited - so limited as to preclude the possibility
revive the splendor of the fifteenth century; to of constructing an apparatus of such mechanical
rival the genius of a Raphael, a Michael Angelo, finish as to warrant my success in venturing upon
or a Titian; my ambition is to be enlisted in the its public exhibition. I had no wish to expose to
constellation of genius now rising in this country; ridicule the representative of so many hours of
I wish to shine, not by a light borrowed from laborious thought. Prior to the summer of 1837,
them, but to strive to shine the brightest.”
at which time Mr. Alfred Vail's attention became
Perhaps if his hopes had been more modest he attracted to my telegraph, I depended upon my
might have continued to find his happiness pencil for subsistence. Indeed, so straitened were
and his welfare in the practice of his art. No
my circumstances that, in order to save time to
reason is apparent why he should not have
carry out my invention and to economize my
attained a success considerably above the av-
scanty means, I had for months lodged and eaten
in my studio, procuring my food in small quanti-
erage; but where the loss to art has been so
ties from some grocery, and preparing it myself.
immeasurably exceeded by the gain to science,
To conceal from my friends the stinted manner in
one is little inclined to waste time in bewail which I lived, I was in the habit of bringing my
ing the inconstancy that proved a blessing to food to my room in the evenings, and this was my
civilization. The rich record of Morse's pur-
mode of life for many years."
suit of his earlier calling, of his studies and Credit for the discovery of the principle
travels, the canvases that came from his brush, of multiple telegraphy is claimed for Morse
and the lectures he was invited to deliver as by his son, and a letter of the inventor's
a master in his domain, will be found in the written in 1842 is published by him for the
first volume of the biography.
first time in proof of the claim. Why this dis-
Volume two, as above indicated, makes the covery should have been lost sight of is some-
reader acquainted with Morse the inventor, what of a mystery. It was fully ten years
the eager pursuer through innumerable diffi- later that the same discovery was again made
culties and delays of an idea, a startling sug and put to use by others. Wireless telegraphy
gestion, a dazzling possibility, that flashed into is hinted at in the above-named letter, and
his mind one evening at dinner on the packet-credit has been accorded to Morse.
ship “Sully” as he was returning home from This full and apparently faithful biog-
Europe. It was in the autumn of 1832, but raphy from an admiring and affectionate
as the traveller did not on this voyage, as on son's hand contains much more of the man


1914]
449
THE DIAL
Morse than has here been even faintly indi future, one feels that Mr. Roosevelt will stand
cated. Of course it will be accepted as the out as a great typical figure,— the herald, per-
final and authoritative life of the inventor, as haps, of some things which he would himself
it is also one of the most notable biographies scarcely approve. Looking for a psychological
of the year. As announced on the title-page, parallel, one thinks of Luther.
it is fully and most interestingly illustrated. Few people are aware of the really note-
PERCY F. BICKNELL. worthy zoological discoveries made by Colonel
Roosevelt and his associates on their African
journey. The collection at the National Mu-
A BRAZILIAN JOURNEY.*
seum is truly wonderful, and simply as an
exhibit has surprised many, including a mud-
When Colonel Roosevelt went to Africa, dle-headed congressman who was reported as
there were many who doubted the sincerity of saying that he would never vote for appropria-
his scientific aims. Here is a man, some peo tions for the Museum, as the whole thing was
ple said, who wants to fight and to kill; and evidently an advertisement for Mr. Roosevelt,
since we are not engaged in war, he will kill whom he hated! Specialists in zoology know,
the large animals of Africa, which are suffi however, that on the strictly scientific side our
ciently formidable to be interesting. There knowledge of African mammals and birds has
was enough truth in this estimate to make it been greatly increased. The Brazilian expedi-
plausible, but it was crude and unjust. Mr. tion will assuredly yield like results, when the
Roosevelt is not a laboratory naturalist. There two thousand five hundred birds, five hundred
is apparently no reason to suppose that he mammals, and other materials have been care-
would ever have the patience or the interest in fully investigated. This great number of
minute details to write a technical scientific specimens suggests indiscriminate slaughter,
monograph, or carry out a series of experi- but as the narrative shows, it is a carefully
ments. Love of adventure, delight in the selected series, no animals or birds being killed
struggle for existence, energy, persistence — unless required for scientific study or for
all these and kindred qualities do not neces food, or because they were pests. There was
sarily or usually make a scientific man, but no careless or wanton shooting. So short a
they are invaluable for certain kinds of scien time has elapsed between the completion of the
tific work. The opponents of militarism may journey and the publication of the book, that
be inclined, at the present time, to regard Mr. there has been no opportunity to prepare a
Roosevelt as a rather dangerous individual ; summary of the zoological discoveries; but it
but if they will read the account of his jour is to be hoped that an appendix will be added
ney through Brazil, they will find therein to a subsequent edition. On the other hand,
much cause for satisfaction. Here we find all as every one knows, we are given full details
those robust qualities, which have in different about the large river, to be called Rio Téodoro,
ages wrought so much good and ill to mankind, for the first time descended and mapped. The
thrown whole-heartedly into the business of reviewer recalls an occasion when the veteran
scientific exploration. Here is one of the explorer of Brazil, the late A. R. Wallace, took
“substitutes for war,” which William James, out a map, and running his finger over this
reasoning as a psychologist, felt to be neces very region, remarked that there still remained
sary. There are many such substitutes, but notable geographical work for any able man.
they must be sought out and followed up, or He marvelled that in the many years since he
there will be a genuine danger that with the visited the country, so little scientific work had
progress of civilization some of the more valu been done in the upper Amazon valley, con-
able human qualities will tend to atrophy sidering the vast opportunities offered. Mr.
from disuse. Mr. Roosevelt, in his own per- Roosevelt's narrative shows how difficult and
son (and from statenients he has published dangerous the work of exploration in these
one is justified in thinking he would agree to regions may be, but at the same time how
this), illustrates the transition from the more much is possible, given energy and skill, with
primitive hunting and fighting instincts to the only moderate time and means. It is also
condition in which those same instincts are clearly indicated that most interesting and
trained to serve broadly human ends. Even valuable results await a resident naturalist
his militarism, which some of us cannot ap (even though resident for only a short time)
prove, has taken on a cosmopolitan aspect, and in these regions quite without any exceptional
looks (whether correctly or not) toward the hazards.
welfare of the whole world. Thus, in the
known as the “Expedicao Scientifica Roose-
THE BRAZILIAN WILDERNESS.
Roosevelt. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. velt-Rondon,” as it was designated by the
he The Brazilian expedition is officially to be
# THROUGH
By Theodore


450
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
Brazilian Government. It was due to Colonel good society, set about accomplishing that end
Roosevelt's initiative, but he himself continu- by giving him a letter of introduction to the
ally insists on the dominant part played by his sisters. Kate Perry expressed the general
associate, the Brazilian Colonel Rondon, and feeling when she wrote, after their death:
on the zoological work of Messrs. Cherrie and “There is no salon now to compare with that
Miller, of the American Museum of Natural of the Miss Berrys.
History. Whenever a group of men engage in In 1865 Lady Theresa Lewis published
exploration, it is difficult and unnecessary to
three volumes of extracts from Mary Berry's
divide the credit, which largely belongs to the letters and correspondence. Mr. Melville now
group rather than to individuals. In official supplements these with a book of 448 pages,
documents the work of associates and subordi well printed, freely illustrated, and composed
nates is not always recognized, but happily almost wholly of new material. He gives
there is an increasing tendency to do full jus- Agnes Berry an increased prominence, though
tice to all, and it must be said that in the in he reserves the chief rôle for Mary. The cor-
stance now before us we can only fear that the respondence of the Hon. Mrs. Damer and of
author has not adequately represented his own General O'Hara with the latter, is the best
services,
and most readable part of the new volume.
The book is readable and interesting from It may be as well to comment at once upon
beginning to end. It has just the right admix. | Mr. Melville's work and then devote our at-
ture of narrative, observation, and reflection. tention to the Misses Berry themselves. Mr.
It not only represents the reactions and im- Melville relies mainly upon the correspon-
pressions of an exceptionally able and well dence to carry on the story, though he sup-
trained mind, but is the work of a superman, plies narrative when needed, and tacks on the
in the sense that it embodies the combined necessary footnotes. This part of his task is,
thought of the members of the expedition, who in general, well performed. There are repeti-
were so variously skilled in different ways.
tions, however, and other signs of haste, as
There is I think too much repetition of state when Bertie Greathead is told about twice
ments, but even this may have a pedagogical within a few pages (121 and 125) and made
justification.
bi-sexual. A more difficult problem was to
In another edition, one would like to see
decide what letters should be included. Here:
added a few footnotes, bringing out more
Mr. Melville was between the devil and the
clearly the zoological relationships of certain deep sea. If he omitted materials made acces-
of the animals. Thus there are many refer-sible already by Lady Theresa Lewis or in the
ences to the fishes, but the reader is left uncer correspondence of Horace Walpole, he would
tain how these are related to each other and to have only left-overs to choose from. If he:
fishes of other countries. The very interesting inserted them, he could not cry, “hitherto
character of the South American fish-fauna unpublished.” He adopted the first of these
could be explained, in its broader outlines, in alternatives, wrongly we think. Readers are
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
not usually able - or, if able, willing - to
piece out their knowledge from other publica-
tions. Moreover, the book is padded: some of
the letters from people of distinction are so
HORACE WALPOLE'S “ DEAR BOTH.” *
formal as to be of little consequence, while
In 1852 died two remarkable women, sis many from less conspicuous people are tire-
ters, both well along toward their ninetieth
Finally, there are almost no direct
year. So closely had Mary and Agnes Berry utterances from Walpole -- Walpole, whose
been associated for more than half a century connection with the sisters remains the most
with the literature and society of England interesting thing about them.
and the Continent, that their loss was widely The outward life of the sisters was marked
regretted. Mary, the elder, had edited the by few striking events. Their mother died
works of Horace Walpole and engaged in early and they were left to the care of an
other literary enterprises; but in their own improvident, if kindly, father whose annuity,
time, as now, the two were better known for though moderate, should have enabled him to
their personality than for anything they pro- lay something by for them. They early had
duced. Maria Edgeworth, anxious that a the advantage of travel, an advantage they
brother who had been long imprisoned in continued to enjoy through life. In 1788,
France should now have the advantage of while temporarily resident at Twickenham,
* THE BERRY PAPERS. Being the Correspondence Hitherto
they became acquainted with Walpole, then
Unpublished of Mary and Agnes Berry (1763-1852). in his old days. Two years later, under his
Lewis Melville. With many illustrations. New York: John
Lane Co.
persuasions, they established themselves at
a small space.
some.
By


1914)
451
THE DIAL
me.
Little Strawberry Hill. When he died, in account in her journal of her presentation to
1797, he left them the house, together with a the Princess of Wales :
bequest in money. It was here and in Lon “I don't think she was taken with me, as she saw,
don, chiefly, that their days were spent. The when I did not suppose she did, the moue which Í
friendship with Walpole had given them such made to Lady Sheffield when she proposed it to
prominence that they were thrown thereafter .. which I changed for a proper Court face
with the most distinguished people. To study the moment I saw her looking, and the thing
inevitable."
their lives, indeed, is to see familiarly many
of the celebrities of the age.
Happily the Princess forgave the indiscretion,
Not all of their importance was borrowed,
and often invited the sisters to Kensington
Palace. Sometimes Mary was betrayed into
however. When Walpole first met them, he
described them thus :
an indiscretion by pique. When her one
acted play (produced anonymously) failed on
They are ... the best-informed and the most
the stage, she published it with an advertise-
perfect creatures I ever saw at their age. They are ment which withheld her own
name but
exceedingly sensible, entirely natural and un-
dragged in that of Walpole. She could be
affected, frank, and being qualified to talk on any
resentful too. Cadaverous Samuel Rogers
subject, nothing is so easy and agreeable as their
liked her little and called on her but once a
conversation, nor more apposite than their answers
and observations. The eldest, I discovered by
year-on the day they shared perforce, as
chance, understands Latin, and is a perfect French- they chanced to be precisely of an age. “Miss
woman in her language. The younger draws Berry and I are twins," he remarked to a
charmingly. . . . They are of pleasing figures; friend; "I have just been to see how she
Mary, the eldest, sweet, with fine dark eyes, that wears; this is her and my birthday.” Her
are very lively when she speaks, with a symmetry comment was: “When I heard this, I went
of face that is the more interesting from being to my looking-glass to see if it reflected such
pale; Agnes, the younger, has an agreeable sensi-
a death's-head as his."
ble countenance, hardly to be called handsome, but
almost. She is less animated than Mary, but seems,
Despite the belief that long was current,
out of deference to her sister to speak seldomer, for
Walpole did not propose to Mary Berry. His
they dote on each other, and Mary is always prais- affection for her was genuine, however. To
ing her sister's talents. I must even tell you they Agnes he was less ardently attached, but he
dress within the bounds of fashion, though fash took care to include “wife the second” in the
ionably; but without the excrescences and balconies matrimonial alliance he pretended to have
with which modern hoydens overwhelm and barri formed. He referred to himself as an old
cade their persons. In short, good sense, informa "fondle-wife,' to them as “my beloved
tion, simplicity, and ease characterize the Berrys; spouses," "twin-wives," "dear both.” The
and this is not particularly mine, who am apt to be
playful tone of his communications to them is
prejudiced, but the universal voice of all who know
them.”
manifest from the first. “I am afraid of pro-
testing how much I delight in your society,
The prim, old-time pictures of the sisters,
lest I should seem to affect being gallant,” he
and the quiet demeanor of which we hear so
wrote in 1789; “but if two negatives make an
much, might incline us to think them goody. affirmative, why may not two ridicules com-
goody." They had too much force to be that.
pose one piece of sense ? and therefore, as I
Even Agnes, self-effacing, submissive it would
am in love with you both, I trust it is a proof
seem in matters of love, was far from weak.
of the good sense of your devoted H. Wal-
She was one of those persons who exercise a
pole.” While we are sent elsewhere for these
tact so perfect that it seems effortless until
letters of Walpole, we are grateful to Mr.
we stop to realize the strength of character
Melville for the fresh glimpses he gives of the
behind it. Thackeray thought her the more man's devotion through the ample correspon-
naturally gifted of the two. However that dence of the Hon. Mrs. Damer with Mary
may be, the qualities of Mary were more pro-
Berry. Here we see an old man gay with the
nounced. She had a keen eye for the faults sprightliness of youth yet peevish with the
of others. She wrote of the Duke of Welling- impatience of age. He is anxious when the
ton:
post brings him no word, is so elated with the
“ The simplicity and frankness of his manners,
letters which come that he must read them
and the way in which he speaks of public affairs are forthwith to Mrs. Damer, is curiously indif-
really those of a great man: altho' talking of the ferent to the letters sent to her, and turns up
allied sovereigns, their views, etc., etc., he says we his nose at Madame d'Albany, will never for-
found out so and so, we intend such and such
give her in fact, for not recognizing immedi-
things, quite as treating de Couronne à Couronne."
ately the name of Mary Berry, though she had
She was potentially prankish. Here is the heard it before as Mary Barry.


452
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
Walpole was in part responsible for the which the name of Dellenbaugh implies. It
unhappy outcome of Mary Berry's connection brings back in a very vivid way pictures of
with General Charles O'Hara. This officer early western conditions which are more valu-
had served with distinction in America until able for study now than ever before, since we
captured with Cornwallis at Yorktown, and are far enough away from the reality to recog-
had since acquitted himself well in Europe. nize and profit by the mistakes of our period
He was a man of forceful and fascinating of territorial expansion and not merely to
presence. To him Mary Berry plighted her revel in its material gains.
troth; but she would not marry him at once But when we come to the other question,
for fear of hurting Walpole and of doing an Has Mr. Dellenbaugh reversed the verdict of
injustice to her father and sister. An ap-history as to the serious short-comings of Fré-
pointment to the governorship of Gibraltar mont? we are forced to say that the book is
took him from her side. Under the wiles of unconvincing. As an explorer, after years of
less worthy women, his unstable nature re experience and many brilliant achievements to
pented very quickly of its former attachment. his credit, he was capable of surprising blun-
To his efforts to break the engagement in such ders of judgment even in that field. One can-
a way as to imply that the fault lay with her, not read Mr. Dellenbaugh's own account of
she replied spiritedly and yet with modera the expedition of the winter of 1848-9, with
tion. She never ceased to believe that the its story of disaster and death hardly sur-
union which would have come under happier passed outside the field of polar catastrophes,
auspices “would have called out all the and not feel that Frémont was foolhardy to
powers of my mind and all the warmest feel the verge of criminality. He was warned in
ings of my heart.” When he died, a few November, before entering the mountains, that
years subsequent to the rupture, she sealed the snow was deeper than ever before known,
up her correspondence with him. In her old by either whites or Indians, and he knew that
days she opened it again and recorded in a if he got safely over the crests he would pass
pathetic note her “conviction that some feel not into a mild, inhabited land where recuper.
ings in some minds are indelible."
ation would be easy, but into “an elevated
GARLAND GREEVER.
labyrinth of plateaus, canyons and more
mountains, unpeopled and trackless," to quote
the author's own description. At Pueblo, Bill
• THE PATHFINDER."*
Williams, an experienced mountaineer, ad-
Mr. Dellenbaugh has entered into his sub-
vised strongly against the undertaking, but
ject with enthusiasm. The frontier expe-
Frémont was unshakable and Williams was
riences of his own career give him a natural
finally persuaded to go along as leader. Fré-
bent of sympathy toward a character like that
mont subsequently charged the disaster to
of John C. Frémont. In fact, Frémont had faulty guidance on Williams's part, and this
in him powerful elements of attraction for explanation appears in no less an authority
Americans in general, and the mere fact than the new Encyclopædia Britannica, but
that his hold on the public esteem was ever
Mr. Dellenbaugh's sense of justice will not al-
seriously shaken is enough to prove that some
low him to clear Frémont at the expense of un-
very powerful cause lay back of the change,
merited reproach upon Williams. “Williams
whether just or unjust.
led them from Pueblo, Colorado, by a fairly
The underlying motive in Mr. Dellen-
direct road to the turning-back point, on the
baugh's book is to reverse the unfavorable ver-
very line which Frémont had proposed to
dict, and restore the admiration and respect follow.” It was only an especially fatal case
for his hero which has always been the senti-
of that lack of balanced judgment and excess
ment of a few and was at one time that of the
of egotism which marred Frémont's career at
many. This result, however, he aims to secure so many other points as well.
not so much by a direct clash with opposing War career, but endeavors so far as possible to
The author does not go deeply into his Civil
argument as by a lively presentation of Fré-
mont's varied and always interesting career.
clear him of reproach in the matters which led
From the latter point of view, as a picture of first to his removal from his command in Mis-
western exploration more or less vitally con-
souri and later to his entire separation from
nected with the logical rounding out of our
the army.
The endeavor is unsuccessful.
national domain, the volume is the success
Frémont confused the situation in the public
mind by his bold bid for the admiration of the
FREMONT AND '49. The Story of a Remarkable Career,
and Its Relation to the Exploration and Development of Our
more advanced anti-slavery advocates, but
Western Territory, especially of California. By Frederick S. even that could not cover up the utter admin-
Dellenbaugh. With maps and illustrations. New York: G. P.
Putnam's Sons.
istrative disorder in his department. If, as
-


1914]
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THE DIAL
Mr. Dellenbaugh asserts, he found confusion This has not, of course, been the fruit of
there when he assumed command, it is none any of the political theories embodied in our
the less in evidence that every week of his constitution. We are natural pragmatists,
command made it confusion worse confounded. our business men most of all. It is simply the
If one wants an effective presentation of the result of our unique fitness for business and
case in brief, let him turn to Chapters XXIII. of the complete seriousness with which we
and XXIV. of the fourth volume of Nicolay take it. The American knows his world so
and Hay's book on Lincoln. The second of thoroughly that he has been able to enter into
these chapters deals conclusively also with its possession without petty jealousy or any
Frémont's Missouri Emancipation Proclama of the exclusiveness that springs from a whole-
tion, the best that can be said for which is some fear of competition. He has welcomed
only that it showed its author's heart to be in suggestions from whatever source, confident
the right place so far as regards the institu- that his knowledge would enable him to sepa-
tion of slavery. That each commander in the rate the wheat from the chaff. He has been
field should have the right to determine the willing to reward the possessor of “ideas”
final status of human beings without consulta with the best gifts at his command, and the re-
tion with the President and without regard to sult of this hospitable attitude has been that
an act of Congress just passed, is inadmissible the stock of financial talent in Wall Street has
on any other basis than that of administrative
been constantly renewed from without. But
anarchy. The truth is that Frémont's mind talent is not to be had on easy terms; it drives
was not built on lines of law and order. The a hard bargain. It asks for nothing less than
difficulties that grew out of this fact in his complete recognition, and, in the face of this
public life were closely paralleled in the con demand, "society" here has been usually
fusion of his more strictly personal affairs, pliant. It has, indeed, accommodated itself
especially the famous Mariposa land grants. to the requirements of business: so that the
It is true that there is a disposition to scoff at man without ancestors who has contrived to
the mind that allows itself to run in channels make himself indispensable to Wall Street
of law and order as stupidly bromidical, and has, on the whole, had a cordial welcome in
perhaps Frémont may yet be lifted out of Fifth Avenue as well. In response to this
reproach as a kind of business and official
hard necessity of an industrial civilization,
cubist or vorticist, born out of due time. But our aristocratic stock has undergone a free
so long as generally accepted standards of renewal from the social Hinterland, as any
judgment and conduct remain, it is likely to one at all familiar with life in New York can
remain the verdict of the careful reader that testify.
Frémont's career shows a disfiguring propor This is not to deny that we have ever been
tion of unwise conduct, based on undisciplined ancestor-worshippers. Ancestor-worship has
judgment. Mr. Dellenbaugh's suggestion that appeared among us, but it took shallow root
he was the victim of West Point jealousy can and has always been looked at askance as an
not remove the positive and ample evidence of exotic. Our industrial civilization did not
his own shortcomings, nor is it fortified by any afford a generous soil for so delicate a growth,
positive proof that such jealousy was actually and the rage for its cultivation has already
at work.
W. H. JOHNSON. sensibly declined. So true is this that we
younger Americans can study that transient
phase of our national spirit best in the me-
LIFE IN PHILADELPHIA.*
moirs of the last generation or in porten-
We like to think of America as a country
tously solemn books on social history.
Even in the older cities of the East, where
that offers a career to talent. All good Amer-
an old tradition furnished the best soil for
icans used to persuade themselves that we had
ancestor-worship, it was unevenly cultivated.
actually realized that noble ideal. But there
New Yorkers, with their eyes ever fixed on the
are now plenty of cavillers ready to dispute main chance, were not to be drawn aside from
the point, and so it will be safer to discrimi-
the chief end of man—the pursuit of money,
nate. If we vary the formula a bit, and say
to indulge in what was, after all, but a luxury
that we in America have been careful not to
of sentiment. Other cities, feeling less pres-
close the door on financial talent, we shall not
sure from without, were less practical; and
find many to quarrel with us: for our world
of these one of the chief was Philadelphia. In
of business has been, up to now, a singularly Philadelphia, during the period immediately
open world, easy of access on certain terms.
following the war, ancestor-worship flour-
* OUR PHILADELPHIA. Described by Elizabeth Robins Pen ished to an almost incredible extent; and
nell and illustrated with one hundred and five lithographs by
Joseph Pennell. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
novelists, or other historians of our social life,


454
[Dec. 1
THE DIAL
who happen to be curious as to this phenome street to get through the Assembly door. I am
non, will find it in its purest form in Mrs. told that matters are worse to-day when Philadel-
Pennell's “Our Philadelphia," a book of
a book of phia society has increased its numbers until new
memories in which the author has collabo limits must be set to the Assembly lest it perish of
rated with her gifted artist-husband.
its own unwieldiness. The applicants must pro-
duce not only forefathers but fathers and mothers
Mrs. Pennell, the daughter of an old Phila-
on the list, and the Philadelphian whose name was
delphia family, passed her early life in the
there more than a century and a half ago cannot
sacred precincts of that district bounded by make good his rights if his parents neglected to
“Chestnut, Walnut, Spruce, and Pine.', establish theirs. And to be refused is not merely
Philadelphians of that day (the period after humiliation, but humiliation with Philadelphia for
the war) did not absolutely pass from the witness, and the misery and shame that are the
cradle to the grave oblivious of the annoying burden of the humiliated.”
fact that the real world was not also so cir-
Drawing on the memories of her own girl-
cumspectly bounded. No, they recognized an
hood, Mrs. Pennell has given us a detailed and
outer world, whose existence they were bound painstaking picture of Philadelphia interiors,
as humane persons to deplore. They had to
with their rosewood and rep masterpieces of
regret that the opportunities for felicity, so a deplorable period,” their decorations of
generously and appropriately bestowed upon
beaded cushions and worsted-work mats and
them by the mere accident of birth, were not
tidies, with the family portraits on the walls
shared by others. They satisfied their sense
and the inevitable engraving of Gilbert Stu-
of duty in this respect, but they showed no
art's Washington over the dining-room man-
laudable desire to extend the right of citizen- | telpiece. A fitting frame, surely, for these
ship to the barbarian. They were a self-
excellent Americans who inhabited a special
sustaining community of the elect; they had milieu, and exhibited its excellence and its
been elected by their forefathers; and fair-
defects with an ideal fulness. Mrs. Pennell
ness led them to conclude that if other mor-
tells us how they dined (never vulgarly in
tals chose to be less careful in the selection hotels, as now), how they entertained, how
of grandfathers (as the existence of other they worshipped; what they thought of poli-
communities proved they did) why, it was
tics, of social questions, of art and litera-
after all their own fault.
ture, when they condescended to think of
These Philadelphians, solid bankers and
such things at all. And she is able to tell us
brokers, breakfasting solidly on scrapple and
of these things with an added intimacy pre-
buckwheat cakes, wrapped in sober and digni- cisely because she has been able to accept the
fied costumes, living with an elegant sim-
old Philadelphia view of life without chal-
plicity in their red brick houses with white lenge. Its exclusiveness was to her but a
stone trimmings, carefully scrutinizing their
natural safeguard of the dignified domes-
visiting lists and guarding themselves against ticity which Philadelphians had been able to
the contamination of casual contacts, defile
achieve. Her criticisms she reserved for the
through Mrs. Pennell's pages with a con-
Philadelphia of the present, a Philadelphia at
vincing air of life. They made of life an
last thoroughly Americanized, in which wealth
elaborate ritual rather than an art. Talent
is crowding out dignified poverty, in which
for them was limited to the talent of being aliens are driving the natives from the only
“well born.” If one happened to be a Biddle, quarter “in which they choose to live," and
a Cadwallader, an Ingersoll, or a Wharton, efficiency is working to eliminate the favorite
it was idle to look for giddier heights to scale;
one had already achieved the ultimate and
Mrs. Pennell assures us that Philadelphia is
might die with a dignified serenity. Even
a beautiful city, but her assurance persuades
those who did not belong to the supreme clans
us of that fact far less directly than the hun-
might hope to be similarly happy in their
dred lithographs with which Mr. Joseph Pen-
taking off if only in the meantime they could
nell illustrates the text. They are uniformly
obtain an invitation to the historic Assembly charming; and because of them one feels safe
Ball — the supreme test of status. Of this
in saying that no gift book of the season will
famous institution (for it really deserved to
be more alluring to the eye.
be called such), Mrs. Pennell writes :
GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN.
“ I am not sure what was the number, what the
quality of ancestors the Assembly exacted, but I Mr. Percy MacKaye's volume of poems, “ The
know that it was as inexorable in its exactions as Present Hour," which is announced by the Mac-
the Council of Ten. It would have been easier for millan Co. for immediate publication, is divided
troops of camels to pass through the eye of a into two sections, one on
War” and one on
needle than for one Philadelphian north of Market “ Peace.”
sons.


1914)
455
THE DIAL
or, “I
RECENT FICTION.*
another thing, Mr. Wells is not too far behind
or ahead of his time. He thinks that women
Some one, having it in mind, perhaps, to need, and ought to want, far greater freedom
controvert Zola's propaganda of the scientific
than our present customs allow them. But
novel, has said that “novels are only an ex he has never asked us to admire a really in-
pression of temperament anyway.” That is, transigent woman. He sympathizes with
of course, why we read them. We choose,
not
illicit love. But he is no Casanova. He is
so much those novelists whose material, as
impatient of our educational methods. But
such, interests us, or those whose ability ena he shares our faith in education. In a word,
bles them to conform to our standards of
Mr. Wells is aspiring rather than iconoclastic
artistry, as those novelists whose view of the
and unconventional rather than immoral.
world is sympathetic to our own. In some
Finally - and this may be one reason of his
degree, we expect that a writer of fiction will
vogue and the reason of his failure to do all
express us. If he does not do this, most of us
that has been expected of him — he is not an
will not read him. That detached curiosity artist of the severely disciplined sort. He has
which leads readers through many pages a splendid talent for setting down minor char-
which they do not approve, in spirit, is very acters, the talent which he used to such pur-
rare. We say of a book, “I like it,
pose in “Kipps” and in “The History of Mr.
do n't like it”; we do not say so often, “It Polly." If his skill in this respect, and his
is well done,” or, “It is badly done." This fund of material on which to exercise it, are
is not merely because we are lazy and incom-
less than Dickens's were he has the advantage
petent; it is because we are much more con of a knowledge of many things that Dickens
cerned about what we like than about what
never thought of and would not have written
we might admire or respect. The charm of about if he had. He has, besides, this curiosity
reading is not altogether different from the
about what is going on in the world, from
charm of conversing. Conversation among aeroplanes to advertising, which he has re-
people who are perfectly agreed about life corded most successfully in "Tono-Bungay”
and conduct can hardly exist. But conversa and in “The New Machiavelli" and which
tion among people who differ about material
has given him his place as a prophet to the
matters is so uncommon that it is commonly
younger generation. But the talent and the
called by another name. Conversation among curiosity have never been fused. The result
people who differ about anything important is a book like "The Wife of Sir Isaac Har-
is only achieved in highly sophisticated socie-
man." It is an immensely interesting book.
ties and then only by virtue of a convention
It is not the novel we expect, that we demand.
which demands that the subject about which Sir Isaac Harman gave his wife every luxury
there is a difference shall be ignored. So it is
except liberty to do what she wanted. She
between novelists and readers. The novelist
interested herself in model tea shops. She
expresses his temperament in his work and
made friends with an author - such an au-
those who are capable of liking that tempera thor! She played hob with Sir Isaac's peace
ment, that is to say, those who have a certain
of mind. When Sir Isaac died the author
affinity for it, are capable of enjoying the begged so hard for a kiss that she finally gave
expression of it.
him one, or several, or half a dozen. It does
Mr. Wells seems peculiarly a novelist who not matter. Why could n't Lady Harman
is read by disciples. Perhaps we should say have been something more than an ineffectual
by many disciples. His popularity is negligi wraith? Why could n't the novel have begun
ble to those who measure popularity by the at the point where it left off! Nobody knows
hundred thousand copies sold. But is there except Mr. Wells, and he is too busy writing
a writer of English more read by young peo to answer such questions.
ple with a turn for ideas? A familiarity M. Anatole France is a connoisseur of iron-
with Mr. Wells is required among them. He ies. His style, so graceful, so flexible, so
is their honored prophet. For one thing, it equal, always, to the occasion, is almost too
is a groping soul that he has been exposing to perfect. Its perfection is apparent even in
us so industriously for the past decade or two. English, at least in the generally excellent
It differs from the souls of his readers chiefly English of Mrs. Wilfrid Jackson. M. Anatole
in its power to record its gropings. For France plays with ideas the most difficult as
easily as old ladies gossip. And if he is occa-
* THE WIFE OF SIR ISAAC HARMAN. By H. G. Wells. New
York: The Macmillan Co.
sionally too Gallic for the susceptibilities of
THE REVOLT OF THE ANGELS. By Anatole France. Trans-
lated by Mrs. Wilfrid Jackson. New York: John Lane Co.
those who read him in English, Mrs. Jackson
THE PASTOR'S WIFE. By the author of " Elizabeth and Her has, we are informed, taken care to modify
German Garden." Illustrated. New York: Doubleday, Page
him. His attitude toward the world, SO
& Co.


456
(Dec. 1
THE DIAL
gently skeptical, so appreciatively ironical, the artist who endeavored to conduct a liaison
offends some and is enjoyed more than any with Ingeborg, but she has made him too much
thing else in the world by a few :
a dunce, too unbelievably the naively philan-
"Amid the distractions of youth his faith re-
dering male. Her satire would be more
mained intact, since he left it severely alone. He pointed if her figure were less of an idiot.
had never examined a single tenet. Nor bad he And yet, despite its uncertainties, its waver-
enquired a whit more closely into the ideas of ing, its faults of conception and construction,
morality current in the grade of society to which the book presents a point of view which has
he belonged. He took them just as they came. endeared the author's books to many critical
Thus in every situation that arose he cut an emi-
readers. What she says is sometimes acid and
nently respectable figure which he would have
sometimes sweet, but it is always well said.
assuredly failed to do, had he been given to medi-
tating on the foundations of morality."
LUCIAN CARY.
“ Thus the conversation went on until evening;
it was marked by obscenities that would have
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.
brought the blush -- I will not say to a cuirassier,
for cuirassiers are frequently chaste, but even to a
I.
Parisienne."
AMERICAN TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Those are typical paragraphs from our au-
Far more thrilling in reality than in the modest
thor. Readers who like them will find others
tone of its recital must have been the passage of the
that they will like even better, since a para Kolb brothers down the Green and Colorado rivers,
graph which may be reproduced by itself is through the Grand Cañon, to the Needles in south-
seldom so effective as one which is placed ern California. "Through the Grand Canyon
firmly in its context. Readers who find these from Wyoming to Mexico” (Macmillan) tells the
paragraphs mildly distasteful will know bet story of the adventure, Mr. Ellsworth L. Kolb
ter than to read M. Anatole France, for they
being the narrator. Mr. Owen Wister contributes
will find not less, but more, of the flavor which
an opening word of commendation, both of the
book and of the hardihood it so unassumingly por-
is his.
trays. Many have attempted the perilous passage,
The Countess von Arnim, who is, we believe,
very few have come out alive. Major Powell's re-
the author of “Elizabeth and Her German port of the first exploration of the stupendous
Garden” and, therefore, the author of “The gorge was the pioneer account, in elaborate form,
Pastor's Wife," writes in a vein curiously of its wonders; and Mr. F. S. Dellenbaugh after-
reminiscent of Mr. Wells. It is perhaps im ward described its majesty and romance. Mr.
possible that Mr. Wells should have conceived Kolb's book is, therefore, the third in the field, but
the final situation of “The Pastor's Wife,"
is the first to chronicle a daring attempt to capture
but not at all impossible that he should have
by camera and in moving-picture form the myriad
conceived the opening one.
marvels of the Grand Cañon. Long and intimate
The heroine of
familiarity with the region, an abundant stock of
the story, Ingeborg, was the daughter of an
health and strength and courage, and an unsink-
English bishop-a positively Wellsian bishop. able boat (two, in fact) with a flat bottom, seem to
She had her chance to go on a spree because have constituted the adventurers' most important
a toothache proved beyond the skill of the equipment for a successful issue to their enterprise.
local dentist and required to be treated in As was to have been expected, their cameras fur-
London. The master mechanic of the metrop-
nish a rich and unusual illustrative accompaniment
olis effected a cure at the first appointment
to the interesting narrative.
and there was Ingeborg with £50 in her pocket
The sublimities of the Canadian Rocky Moun-
and a fortnight on her hands. She chose a
tains are well set forth by Mr. Lawrence J. Burpee,
personally conducted tour on the Continent,
F.R.G.S., in a beautifully illustrated volume,
"Among the Canadian Alps” (Lane), which re-
met Herr Dremmel, who was pastor to a small
views in a very readable manner the history of
community in East Prussia and the most Ger-
mountain-climbing in that region of awe-inspiring
man of Germans, and returned home engaged
scenery and all but prohibitive alpine peaks. From
to be married. There are tragic possibilities the explorations of Niverville in 1751 to the final
in what follows, possibilities that the Countess conquest of Mount Robson, “the Monarch of the
von Arnim has suggested with a good deal of Rockies,” a few years ago, Mr. Burpee tells the
power, despite the insouciance of her manner story of his own and others' adventures in this land
and her humor. The effect at the end would
of stupendous summits. His pictures, from photo-
have been less dubious than it is if she had
graphs, of such peaks as Mount Assiniboine, “the
Canadian Matterhorn,” Mount Wapta, Mount Le-
been content to do one thing or the other. It
froy, Mount Resplendant (named, evidently, by
requires genius happily to mix farce and com-
neither a Latin nor a French scholar), and Mount
edy and tragedy; the Countess von Arnim has
Robson, heighten the marvel of their ever having
only a most charming talent. She has, for
been even approached by the daring mountaineer.
instance, enjoyed immensely writing about Lake and waterfall, mountain slope and snow.
--
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-
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1914)
457
THE DIAL
go
capped summit, are realistically set before us in Market, Mr. Grewgious's office in Staple Inn, and
the half-hundred (less one) excellent views, some other Dickensian localities, with a final chapter on
of which must have been difficult to capture with Dickens's last resting place in Westminster Abbey.
the camera. Bibliography and maps close this There are twenty-two drawings, a portrait of Dick-
interesting and well-written book. The volume is ens now first published from a photograph taken
ornamentally bound and boxed.
in Philadelphia, two facsimile letters that are also
Mr. Thomas Dykes Beasley emigrated from En new to the public, and other illustrative features.
gland to California in his early_manhood, and had Quotations from the novelist's works, comment, and
the great joy of meeting Bret Harte in San Fran anecdote to fill out the printed pages. What the
cisco on the eve of that author's rise to fame as the artist-author has most enjoyed in this “labor of
creator of the Heathen Chinee. That was forty-love," as he calls it, is “the expressing in another
four years ago, but so strong was the impression form and through another medium than those used
made on the young Englishman by the American by my fellow-craftsmen, the wonderful velvet
author that the former has now felt moved to trace blacks, soft vapory skies, and streaming silver-
the latter's footsteps among the Sierras; and he washed streets of London — an easy matter for
has told the story of his travels in "A Tramp any enthusiast, for London is charcoal, and char-
through the Bret Harte Country," which he calls coal is London."
“ a plain unvarnished tale," and which, though not
Following in the footsteps of famous authors,
containing much about Bret Harte, is somewhat with a camera in one hand and a pen in the other,
reminiscent of him and his times and associates, is the favorite recreation of Mr. Charles S. Olcott,
and is very good reading, not lacking in “ local who is described as a business man with a fondness
color” and, no cold commendation, erring rather on for artistic photography. “ The Lure of the
the side of brevity than of length. Abundant views
Camera ” (Houghton) provés him to be skilful in
from the author's camera, with a map of the seven this form of art, as indeed had already been demon-
counties traversed by him, accompany the narra strated by his book on George Eliot's scenes and
tive, and the whole is put into excellent book form characters and that on Walter Scott's country. As
by the house of Messrs. Paul Elder & Co. Mr.
in those earlier volumes, so now he rambles through
Charles A. Murdock supplies a foreword” giving districts immortalized in literature, visiting scenes
an outline of Bret Harte's life.
associated with the names of Wordsworth, Carlyle,
Fit accompaniment to the opening of the Panama Burns, Scott, and Mrs. Humphry Ward, in Great
Canal, Mr. Arthur Bullard's authoritative histori Britain, and the haunts of Hawthorne, Emerson,
cal and descriptive work, “Panama: The Canal, Longfellow, Lowell, and others, in this country.
the Country, the People" (Macmillan), comes out “A Day with John Burroughs" is one of his most
in a new, revised, and enlarged edition, two chap- | agreeable chapters. His views of the Yellowstone
ters having been added since the first appearance Park and the Grand Cañon of Arizona are sugges-
of the book three years ago. These two chapters tive of the wonders of those regions, but are neces-
appropriately record the finishing of the big job sarily less satisfactory than his pictures of simpler
and give a forward glance at the prospective profits scenes. His outlines of Mrs. Ward's novels, in con-
to accrue. Of the six hundred pages in the volume, nection with his rambles through regions familiar
more than half are devoted to the history of the to her, are not exactly indispensable; but in gen-
Isthmus from the earliest times, the remainder to eral he comments interestingly as he pushes onward
researches of a more immediate and personal and with his camera.
consequently more vividly interesting character. 6 When I determined to set out once more to
Many books have been inspired by this greatest of traverse and to possess Englan