ngali poet and
through Professor Warren, who has prepared philosopher, and is promised for early publication
the illustrations. These advantages, together by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
with the picturesque and characteristic En A new edition of the poems of M. Emile Ver-
glish in which Professor Morgan has managed haeren, translated by Miss Alma Strettel, is prom-
to preserve the flavor of the original, make it ised by the John Lane Co. The biographical
doubtless the definitive translation. The illus-
introduction has been brought up to date, and
trations show a comparison of the prescrip- recent work of the poet has been added.
tions of Vitruvius with actual classic exam-
Several letters written by the late John Muir are
ples, usually those which correspond most
now in the hands of his publishers, Messrs. Hough-
nearly to them. The notes which Professor
ton Mifflin Co., and will be brought out some time
Morgan had intended, both textual and ex-
during the spring. Mr. Muir left manuscript mate-
rial, practically completed, for an important book
planatory, he did not live to supply, but the
on Alaska.
translation and illustrations by themselves are
Mr. George Agnew Chamberlain, United States
sufficient to be of very great interest both to Consul at Lourenco Marquez, Portuguese East
architects and to scholars.
Africa, has ready a new story, " Through Stained


1915)
157
THE DIAL
"
Glass,” which the Century Co. will issue this month. ous monographs, reviews, and literary articles, he
His first novel, “ Home," was published about a wrote “Hawthorne's First Diary, “ Whittier
year and a half ago.
Land," and “Life and Letters of John Greenleaf
Mr. Arthur Waugh has a little volume of essays
Whittier."
in the press, under the title of “Reticence in Lit Mr. G. H. Perris is writing a narrative of “The
erature.” The essays include a series of papers Campaign of 1914 in France and Belgium,” which
upon the leading movements in Victorian Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton hope to have ready
poetry, and seven short “ sketches for portraits," next month. The author was in Brussels at the
ranging from Crashaw to George Gissing.
outbreak of the war, and, leaving there with other
A collection of Cowley's “Essays and Other refugees for Paris, afterwards acted as special
Prose Writings,” edited by Dr. Alfred B. Gough, correspondent of the “ Daily Chronicle.” The first
with a biographical and critical introduction, is
book on the war by a Belgian officer is coming from
being issued by the Oxford University Press. All
the same publishers — “ Fighting with King
the known prose writings of Cowley are included,
Albert," by Capitaine Gabriel de Libert de
except the preface to the juvenile volume,
Flemalle.
“ Poeticall Blossoms," and some letters of little A Danish correspondent to the London “Nation"
interest.
writes that the war is leaving its mark on interna-
"America and the New World-state" is the title
tional publishing. After mentioning that, before
of a forthcoming volume by “Norman Angell," the war, Germany had shown an almost insatiable
which Messrs. Putnam have in train for pub-appetite for translations of foreign books, he adds
lication. In it is elaborated the thesis that the
that a leading German publisher has just an-
American people are above all others, by situation
nounced that he has done with Gabriele d'Annun-
and “the happy circumstances of their history,"
zio. According to this publisher, d'Annunzio has
fitted to become “ leaders in the civilization of attacked Germany merely out of hatred, and he has
Christendom."
not even the excuse that his country has suffered
A series of medical handbooks, the “ Mind and
through the war.
Health Series," edited by Mr. H. Addington Bruce, A new publishing house has been incorporated in
is being projected by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. New York City, under the name of Robert Apple-
The first three volumes, to appear this spring, are:
ton, Inc., by Mr. Robert Appleton, grandson of the
“Human Motives,” by Dr. James Jackson Putnam;
founder of the house of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
“The Meaning of Dreams," by Dr. Isador H. The first work announced is “Intercollegiate Ath-
Coriat; and “Sleep and Sleeplessness," by the letics in America,” a chronicle of collegiate sport
editor of the series.
in the United States to be completed in five vol-
“ North of Boston," a volume of poems by Mr.
Among the contributors will be Messrs.
Samuel Crowther, Parke H. Davis, Romeyn Barry,
Robert Frost which received favorable comment
Harry A. Fisher, Raymond D. Little, James A.
upon its publication in England, will be issued im-
Babbitt, and Richard M. Gummere.
mediately in this country by Messrs. Henry Holt
& Co. From the same house will come Mr. Barrett
Lord Cromer has written a supplementary vol-
H. Clark's “ British and American Drama of To-
ume to his “Modern Egypt,” which will be pub-
day,” a companion volume to the same writer's
lished this month by Messrs. Macmillan. It is
recently published "Continental Drama of To-day." called “Abbas II.," and it covers the fifteen years
An official guide book for scientific travellers in
between the death of Tewfik Pasha, in 1892, and
the West is being prepared under the auspices of
Lord Cromer's departure from Egypt in 1907.
the Pacific Coast Committee of the American Asso-
Lord Cromer's view of Abbas's character was
ciation for the Advancement of Science, and will
obtained at close range, and was quite as unfavor-
be published this month by Messrs. Paul Elder &
able as its subject deserved. Lord Cromer and
Co., of San Francisco. The articles, popular in
Abbas never “got on," for, indeed, it was hard to
form but written with scientific precision, will
respect the ex-Khedive either as a man or as a
ruler.
appear under the title of "Nature and Science on
the Pacific Coast."
The work of Stijn Streuvels, the Low-Dutch
Among the announcements of the Oxford Uni author who is regarded both in Belgium and Hol-
versity Press are: “ The Letters of Sidonius,"
land as among the most distinguished writers of
translated by Mr. O. M. Dalton; “ Some Love
our time, is to be introduced to English readers by
Poems of Petrarch," translated by Mr. W. D.
Mr. A. Teixeira de Mattos in a volume of sketches
Foulke; "A Bibliography of Samuel Johnson,"
and stories which he has translated from the West-
prepared by the late W. P. Courtney and seen
Flemish dialect under the title of “ The Web of
through the press by Mr. D. Nicol Smith; and the
Life.” Stijn Streuvels's real name is Frank
second volume of "Select Early English Poems,"
Lateur. Until ten years ago his home was at Avel-
edited by Professor I. Gollancz.
ghem, close to Courtrai and the Lys, where he
Samuel T. Pickard, biographer and literary
earned his living as a baker. “The Web of Life”
executor of John Greenleaf Whittier, died last belongs to that period.
month at the Whittier homestead in Amesbury, Mr. H. Noel Williams has already a considerable
Mass., at the age of eighty-seven. He was editor number of biographies of famous Frenchwomen to
and proprietor of the Portland (Maine) “ Tran his credit. He is about to add to the number by
script" from 1852 to 1894. In addition to numer “ The Life of Margaret d'Angoulême." This time,
umes.


158
(March 4
THE DIAL
.
.
•
.
o
.
at least, Mr. Williams has chosen a subject that
abounds in literary interest. Margaret was not
only the author of the “Heptameron” but the
patroness of a group of men of letters that included
Rabelais, Clement Marot, and Bonaventure des
Periers, and the influence of her Court makes one
of the most fascinating chapters in the history of
the Renaissance in France.
If any of the friends of John Muir have missed
his Alaskan dog story,“ Stickeen,” they should by
all means look it up. Its general circulation would
go a long way in reducing the residuum of cruelty to
animals which man seems to have brought down
with him from primitive savagery. Since its origi-
nal publication, a few years ago, the Houghton
Mifflin Co. have included it in their Riverside
Literature Series," printed in large type and neatly
bound in cloth, for only twenty-five cents. It is a
story which children and grown-ups alike will read
with intense interest, and all friends of dumb ani-
mals ought to assist in promoting its circulation.
Professor Gilbert Murray, in addition to his new
verse translation of the "Alcestis” of Euripides,
has in preparation a revised edition of “Carlyon
Sahib," the play which, originally written in 1893,
was first produced by Mrs. Patrick Campbell in
the summer of 1899, and published in book form
in the following year.
Carlyon Sahib' and
‘Andromache,'" writes the author, were really
companion studies of two views of life, the two that
we now associate with the names of Nietzsche and
Tolstoy respectively, although at that time I do not
think I had heard of Nietzsche. "Andromache'
shows a Tolstoyan heroine living and eventually
prevailing in a primitive society based upon re-
venge and force; 'Carlyon' a kind of superman
hero trying, and eventually failing, to find scope in
modern civilization."
“Like many other readers," says a writer in the
London “ Nation,”
" "I have been trying to keep up
with the deluge of books about the war, or at any
rate, to miss nothing of importance which would
help to a better knowledge of the greatest event in
contemporary history. But a glance through
Messrs. Lange & Berry's annotated bibliography,
* Books on the Great War,' just published by
Messrs. Grafton, has almost driven me to give
up the attempt. I find that, excluding reprints,
pamphlets, poetry, sermons, and so forth, more
than a hundred and eighty books on the struggle,
all of them with some claims to attention, have been
published since the beginning of August. And if a
reader had gone through all these, he would still be
faced by the heading 'Poetry, Songs, and Plays,'
with nearly fifty entries; Religion, Sermons,
Prayers, and Hymns,' with more than seventy;
and 'Humor,' with a score, to say nothing of the
mountain of pamphlets. If the output continues
at this rate — and it shows no signs of slackening
future historians who take account of all the mate-
rial will need to be long-lived men. Historians, by
the way, have lost no time. More than a score of
histories are chronicled by Messrs. Lange & Berry,
the most important being M. Gabriel Hanotaux's
• Histoire Illustrée de la Guerre de 1914,' which is
appearing in monthly parts."
TOPICS IX LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1915.
Albert, King of the Belgians. D. C. Boulger Scribner
American Literature. James Bryce
No. Amer.
Americans Abroad. F. G. Peabody :
No. Amer.
Arabia, Young. Ameen Rihbani
Forum
Art, The New American. Birge Harrison
Scribner
Australian Wages Boards. M. B. Hammond Quar. Jr. Econ.
Belgium, The Soul of. Abbé Noël
Hibbert
Book-collecting Abroad. A. Edward Newton
Atlantic
Brieux, Eugène, Plays of. W. D. Howells
No. Amer.
Carillo, Julian. Maria C. Mena
Century
Civilization, The Unity of. F. S. Marvin
Hibbert
Class Distinctions. Seymour Deming
Atlantic
Cohan: An Appreciation. Harrison Rhodes Metropolitan
Commercial Recovery, America's. C. F. Speare Rev. of Revs.
Congress, Sub-committees of. B. L. French Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Coroners and Inquests. H. S. Gilbertson Rev. of Revs.
Costumes, Early American. Mary H.
Northend
Am. Homes & Gardens
Cotton, Improved Outlook for: Richard Spillane Rev. of Revs.
Crow, Characteristics of the. W. P. Eaton
Harper
Dairy Cattle, Three Kinds of. W. J. Fraser : Rev. of Rers.
Deep Sea Wonders. Cleveland Moffett
American
Defence, National. Lindley M. Garrison
Century
Delbrück's “Germany's Answer." Agnes Repplier Atlantic
Democracy, Religion of. H. W. Wright
Forum
Democracy, The Essence of. Wilhelm
Hasbach
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Disarmament, Difficulties of. R. M. Johnston Century
Dutch Farmhouse, A Typical. Harriet S.
Gillespie
Am. Homes & Gardens
Earthquake, The Italian: john L. Rich
Rev. of Reve.
English, Pronunciation of. R. S. Menner
Atlantic
English, Pure - What It Is. Brander Matthews Harper
Ethics Made in Germany. C. B. Brewster
No. Amer.
Eugenics, Scientific Claims of. L. T. More
Hibbert
Europe after the War. Ivan Yovitchévitch Rev. of Revs.
Farm Animals, Health of, C. F. Carter
Rev. of Revs.
Federal Trade Commission, The. J. A.
Fayne
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Flower Garden, Planning the. Gardner
Teall
Am. Homes & Gardens
Food Supply, the world's. B. 'E. Powell Rev. of Revs.
Frank, Leo, and
“Justice."
Arthur Train Everybody's
German France. John Reed
Metropolitan
Germans and Tartars. D. A. Wilson
Hibbert
Göttingen in the Sixties. James Sully
Hibbert
Hardy, Thomas. Louise C. Willcox
No. Amer.
Henry' Street Settlement, The-1. Lilian B. Wald Atlantie
Humanity, War's Cost to. H. H. Horwill
Atlantic
Ibibios, The, of Nigeria. Dorothy A. Talbot
Harper
Japanese, The, in Korea. Theodore Roosevelt Metropolitan
Jew, The, America. Abram S. Isaacs
No. Amer.
Jews and Romans. Herbert Strong
Hibbert
Joffre, General. Ernest Dimnet
Hibbert
Justice, Experiments in. Ida M. Tarbell
American
Kaiser, The, and His Court. Infanta Eulalia Century
Labor and Business : Organized. P. G. Wright Quar. Jt. Econ.
Law and Organization. J. B. Moore Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Literacy Test, The. J. A. O'Gorman
Forum
London in Time of War. Elizabeth R. Pennell Atlantic
“ London Times," A Letter to the. George Harvey No. Amer.
Meredith and His Fighting Men. James Moffatt Hibbert
Mexican Policy, Our. Theodore Roosevelt Metropolitan
Motherhood, Unlawful. G. B. Mangold
Forum
Napoleon - How He Looked. Camille Gronkowski Harper
Pacificism, Thoughts on. G. H. Powell
Hibbert
Panama Canal, Building the I. G. W. Goethals Scribner
Panama, South of — V. Edward Ross
Century
Peace, Permanent - Is It Possible ? Bertrand Russell Atlantic
Peace, Problems of. E. Lyttelton
Hibbert
Peace Treaty, United States and the. o. G. Villard No. Amer.
Pewter, Chinese. D. Eberlein
Am. Homes & Gardens
Physiological Views of Life. D. Noel Patton
Hibbert
Plants and Animals. J. C. Bose
Harper
Poets, The New. Arthur C. Benson
Century
Prize-Fight, A Woman at a. Inez H. Gillmore Century
Pyrenees, The, as a Barrier. Hilaire Belloc
Harper
Red Cross at Work, The. W. D. Lane
Rev. of Revs.
Régnier, Henri de. Havelock Ellis
No. Amer.
Religion, Bondage of Modern. P. G. Duffy
Century
Religion and Labor. George Haw
Hibbert
Russians, The Democratic. E. D. Schoonmaker Century
Russians and the War. Stephen Graham
Atlantic
Scandinavia and the War. ulius Moritzen
No. Amer.
Scandinavia and the War. T. L. Stoddard
Atlantic
Scientific Management in Practice. C. B.
Thompson
Quar. Jr. Econ.
Self-defence, Rights and Duties of. J. H. Choate No. Amer.
Shaw, Anna H., Autobiography of — V.
Metropolitan
Shaw, Bernard, The German. H. F. Rubinstein
Forum
Shaw, George Bernard. John Palmer
Century
Slavophile Creed, The. Paul Vinogradoff
Hibbert
Socialism and War - IV. Morris Hillquit Metropolitan
Submarines and International Peace. Simon Lake Century
Submarines in the War. Henry Reuterdahl Everybody's
.
.
.
.
-


1915)
159
THE DIAL
Sunday, Billy, and Salvation. P. C. Macfarlane Everybody's
Supreme Court Decisions. Emlin McClain Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
Trust Policy, Governmental, Basis of. Robert
Liefmann.
Quar. Jr. Econ.
Turkey and Germany.' H. G. Dwight
Scribner
Twilight Sleep, The, in America. Mary Boyd and
Marguerite Tracy.
Metropolitan
Unemployment, Guilty of. William Hard
Everybody's
Vegetable Gardens. C. S. Delbert Am. Homes & Gardens
War, Causes of the. E. R. Turner
Am. Pol. Sc. Rev.
War, Culture, Ethics, and the. J. A. Leighton Forum
War, German Equipment for. J. F. J. Archibald Scribner
War, New Alignments of the. F. H. Simonds Rev. of Revs.
War, The, and America's Future. G. B. McClellan Scribner
War, The, and Protestantism. Edward Willmore Hibbert
War against War, The. W. D. Sheldon
Forum
Women's Work and Wages. C. E. Persons
Harper
Youth, Understanding. George F. Kearney
Forum
Zeppelin, Ferdinand von. T. R. MacMechen Everybody's
Homeric Scenes: Hector's Farewell and the Wrath
of Achilles. By John Jay Chapman 16mo, 76
pages.
New York: Laurence J. Gomme.
60 cts. net.
The Art and Craft of Letters. Comprising: Com-
edy, by John Palmer; The Epic, by Lascelles
Abercrombie; Satire, by Gilbert Cannan; His-
tory, by R. H. Gretton. Each 16mo. George H.
Doran Co. Per volume, 40 cts. net.
A New Theory concerning the Origin of the Miracle
Play. By George Raleigh Coffman. Large Svo,
84 pages.
Menasha, Wis.: George Banta Pub-
lishing Co. Paper.
.
.
LIST OF NEW Books.
(The following list, containing 156 titles, includes books
received by THE Dial since its last issue.)
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of Edward Rowland Sill. By William Bel-
mont Parker. Illustrated, 8vo. Houghton Mifflin
Co. $1.75 net.
The German Emperor as Shown in His Public Utter-
ances. By Christian Gauss. With portraits,
12mo, 329 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.25 net.
The Confessions of Frederick the Great, and The
Life of Frederick the Great. By Heinrich von
Treitschke; edited, with Introduction by Doug-
las Sladen, and Foreword by George Haven Put-
nam. 12mo, 208 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25 net.
Kitchener: Organizer of Victory. By Harold Beg-
bie. With portraits, large 8vo, 112
pages.
Houghton Miffin Co. $1.25 net.
Saint Clare of Assisi: Her Life and Legislation.
By Ernest Gilliat-Smith. With frontispiece in
photogravure, 8vo, 305 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$3.50 net.
A Playmate of Philip II.: Being the History of Don
Martin of Aragon, Duke of Villahermosa, and of
Dona Luisa de Borgia, His Wife. By Lady More.
ton. Illustrated, large 8vo, 224 pages. John
Lane Co. $3. net.
The Life of a Citizen: At Home and in Foreign
Service. By J. Augustus Johnson; with Intro-
ductory Note by Brander Matthews. With por-
trait, 12mo, 292 pages. New York: Vail-Ballou
Press. $2. net.
'The Kalser, 1859-1914. By Stanley Shaw, LL.D.
New edition; 16mo, 251 pages. Macmillan Co.
40 cts. net.
HISTORY.
The Inner History of the Balkan War. By Reginald
Rankin, F.R.G.S. Illustrated in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, 569 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$5. net.
Alsace and Lorraine: From Cæsar to Kaiser, 58
B. C.-1871 A. D. By Ruth Putnam. With maps,
8vo, 208 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Scotch-Irish in America. By Henry Jones Ford.
8vo, 607 pages.
Princeton University Press.
$2. net.
A History of the Western Boundary of the Louis-
lana Purchase, 1819-1841. By Thomas Maitland
Marshall. 8vo, 266 pages. Berkeley: University
of California Press. Paper, $1.75 net.
The American Indian in the United States: Period
1850-1914. By Warren K. Moorehead, A.M. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 440 pages. Andover, Mass.:
The Andover Press.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Chaucer and His Poetry. By George Lyman Kitt-
redge. 8vo, 230
pages. Harvard University
Press. $1.25 net.
Canadian Essays and Addresses. By W. Peterson.
Large 8vo, 373 pages. Longmans, Green & Co.
$3.50 net.
The Study of Shakespeare. By Henry Thew
Stephenson. With frontispiece, 12mo, 300 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net.
Shower and Shine: Being Some Little Tragedies,
Little Comedies, and Little Farces. By Guy
Fleming. 12mo, 342 pages. Longmans, Green
& Co. $1.60 net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Children of Earth: A Play of New England. By
Alice Brown. With portrait, 12mo, 212 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Wild Knight. By G. K. Chesterton. With
photogravure portrait, 12no, 156 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
Plaster Saints: A High Comedy in Three Move-
ments. By Israel Zangwill. 12mo, 212 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Dramatie Works ot Gerhart Hauptmann.
Edited by Ludwig Lewissohn. Volume V., Sym-
bolic and Legendary Dramas. 12mo, 370 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $1.50 net.
Crack 0 Dawn. By Fannie Stearns Davis. 12mo,
108 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1. net.
War Brides. By Marion Craig Wentworth. Illus-
trated, 16mo, 71 pages. Century Co. 50 cts. net.
The Silk-hat Soldier, and Other Poems in War
Time. By Richard Le Gallienne. 12mo, 32 pages.
John Lane Co. 50 cts. net.
Jesus: A Passion Play. By Max Ehrmann. 12mo,
282 pages.
Baker & Taylor Co. $1. net.
Death and the Fool. By Hugo von Hofmannsthal;
translated from the German by Elizabeth Wal-
ter. 12mo, 44
pages. Richard G. Badger.
75 cts. net.
Advent. By August Strindberg; translated by
Claud Field. 12mo, 110 pages. Richard G. Bad-
ger. 70 cts. net.
Songs of Labor, and Other Poems. By Morris
Rosenfeld; translated from the Yiddish by Rose
Pastor Stokes and Helena Frank. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 75
pages. Richard G. Badger.
75 cts. net.
FICTION.
The Turmoil. By Booth Tarkington. Illustrated in
color, etc., 12mo, 349 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
The Sword of Youth. By James Lane Allen. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 261 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
The Harbor. By Ernest Poole. 12mo, 387 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.40 net.
Mushroom Town. By Oliver Onions. 12mo, 350
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
The Secret of the Reef. By Harold Bindloss. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 339 pages. F. A. Stokes Co.
$1.30 net.
A Russian Coniedy of Errors: With Other Stories
and Sketches of Russian Life. By George Ken-
nan. 12mo, 331 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
Guimo. By Walter Elwood. With frontispiece,
12mo, 344 pages. Reilly & Britton Co. $1.35 net.
The Good Soldier: A Tale of Passion. By Ford
Madox Hueffer. 12mo, 294 pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
Billie's Mother. By Mary J. H. Skrine. With fron-
tispiece, 12mo,
339 pages. Century
Co.
$1.35 net.
Contrary Mary. By Temple Bailey. Illustrated in
color, etc., 12mo, 388 pages. Penn Publishing
Co. $1.25 net.
Katy Gaumer. By Elsie Singmaster. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 336 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.35 net.
Under the Tricolour. By Pierre Mille. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 245
pages. John Lane Co.
$1.25 net.
The Happy Recruit. By W. Pett Ridge. 12mo, 316
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Destiny's Daughter. By Alice Birkhead. 12mo, 352
pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
The Good Shepherd. By John Roland. 12mo, 341
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25 net.
Before the Gringo Came (“Rezánov" and “The
Doomswoman." By Gertrude Atherton. 12mo,
369 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net.
The Trail of the Waving Palm. By Page Philips.
Illustrated, 12mo, 313 pages. The Macaulay Co.
$1.25 net.
The Bride of the Sun. By Gaston Leroux. 12mo,
303 pages.
McBride, Nast & Co. $1.25 net.


160
(March 4
THE DIAL
An Emperor in the Dock. By Willem de Veer.
12mo, 320 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Sanpriel: The Promised Land. By Alvilde Prydz;
translated from the Norwegian by Hester Cod-
dington. 12mo, 316 pages. Richard G. Badger.
$1.25 net.
The Elder Miss Ainsborough. By Marion Ames
Taggart. With frontispiece, 12mo, 237 pages.
Benziger Brothers. $1.25 net.
The Son of the Prefect. By Edmund Hamilton
Sears. 12mo, 449 pages.
Richard G. Badger.
$1.25 net.
Works of Hugh Walpole. Uniform edition, com-
prising: The Prelude to Adventure; The Wooden
Horse; The Gods and Mr. Perrin; Maradick at
Forty. Each 12mo. George H. Doran Co. Per
volume, $1.25 net.
The Rose Garden Husband. By Margaret Wid-
demer. Illustrated, 12mo, 208 pages. J. B. Lip-
pincott Co. $1. net.
Amarilly of Clothes-line Alley. By Belle K. Mani-
ates. Illustrated, 12mo, 279 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. $1. net.
The Final Verdict: Six Stories of Men and Women.
By Sidney L. Nyburg. 12mo, 221 pages. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $1. net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.- POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND
ECONOMICS.
Reflections on Violence. By George Sorel; trans-
lated from the French by T. E. Hulme. Large
8vo, 295 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $2.25 net.
European Police Systems. By Raymond B. Fosdick.
8vo, 442 pages. Century Co. $1.30 net.
The Panama Canal and International Trade Com-
petition. By Lincoln Hutchinson. 8vo, 284
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net.
The Political Science of John Adams: A Study in
the Theory of Mixed Government and the Bi-
cameral System. By Correa Moylan Walsh.
8yo, 374 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25 net.
Town Planning: With Special Reference to the
Birmingham Schemes. By George Cadbury, Jr.
Illustrated, large 8vo, 201 pages. Longmans,
Green & Co. $2.25 net.
America in Ferment. By Paul Leland Haworth.
12mo, 477 pages. Problems of the Nations."
Bobbs-Merrill Co.
Problems of Community Life: An Outline of Ap-
plied Sociology. By Seba Eldridge. 12mo, 180
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1. net.
Emile Durkheim's Contributions to Sociological
Theory. By Charles Elmer Gehlke, Ph.D. Large
8vo, 188 pages. Columbia University Press.
Paper, $1.50 net.
The Present Military Situation in the United States.
By Francis Vinton Greene. 12mo, 102 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. net.
0
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
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THE DIAL
A fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published fortnightly:
every other Thursday — except in July and August, in which THE DARKENED FOREGROUND.
one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIP-
TION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United
States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents
per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by
In the Altman collection of the Metropolitan
express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Unless other.
wise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current num-
Museum in New York there is a magnificent
ber. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of
subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of
specimen of the work of the great landscape
the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on painter Ruysdael. In the foreground of the
application.
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY, painting, where in Nature (for it is mid-day
632 So. Sherman St., Chicago.
or thereabouts) everything would be the clear-
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
est and most distinct, Ruysdael has thrust a
broad wedge of night. There is a road, there
Vol. LVIII. MARCH 18, 1915 No. 690
are some fallen trees, a few figures; but
CONTENTS.
scarcely anything can be distinguished. Why
did the artist do this? Well, on either side of
THE DARKENED FOREGROUND. Charles this darkened space slope rye fields which we
Leonard Moore
191
feel we could wade through if we could reach
CASUAL COMMENT
193
The late librarian of the Hispanic Society. them; in the rear is a farmstead with trees
Underdone English. - Books for specialists.- peaceful and alluring and absolutely true in
The periodicity of anecdotes.-A man of in-
tone and scale; and back of all is the real dome
finite variety - Sugar-coating the pill of
* rejection.- Encouraging to book-dealers.--A of the sky, with rising clouds as magnificent as
forgotten Carlyle manuscript.- Reading in
have ever been drawn by man. By falsifying
the trenches.
COMMUNICATIONS
197
his foreground, Ruysdael secured all the other
7. War and Poetry. Ralph Bronson.
truths of his picture.
A Textual Difficulty in Milton. Louis C.
In an art so various as painting it is foolish
Marolf.
Some Anti-German Misconceptions Corrected.
to generalize. It is possible in depicting inte-
Edmund von Mach.
riors, those builded by either nature or man, to
THE NEW MOVEMENT IN DRAMATIC
plunge the foreground objects into light and
PRESENTATION. Edward E. Hale . . 199
TWO YEARS IN HURRICANE LAND. Percy
get some sort of distance by means of lurking
F. Bicknell
201 shadows behind. It is possible to throw a veil
THE QUALITY OF GENIUS. T. D. A. Cock over everything, and thus shirk the presenta-
erell
203
ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE ROMANTIC
tion of strong light and shade. It is possible to
PERIOD. Lane Cooper
205 paint decoratively with harmonies of colors
EYE-WITNESSES AT THE SHAMBLES. Wal which have little relation to reality. There
lace Rice
208
Cobb's Paths of Glory - Davis's With the
are new schools in painting which reject the
Allies.- Powell's Fighting in Flanders.-
imitation of nature altogether. But in the
Barnard's Paris War Days.- Kilpatrick's main the method which Ruysdael so boldly dis-
Tommy Atkins at War as Told in His Own
Letters.- Millicent Duchess of Sutherland's
plays in this picture is the method of painting.
Six Weeks at the War.
Compared with the infinite variety of nature's
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 211
illumination, an artist's pigments are so dull
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
213
that if he puts the real hues in the front of his
Mysteries of the living world. The story of
the French Revolution.-An appraisement of
picture he will have exhausted all his grada-
Harvard.— Essays and addresses of a famous tions of tint before he reaches his middle dis-
surgeon.- England in the later Middle Ages.
tance, and will have nothing at all left for his
-America's foremost art museum.- War
and the insurance relation.-A mediæval story background or sky. So he “fakes” his fore-
in modern dress. The flower of mediæval ground, and lies about the nearest and dis-
church architecture.
tinctest visibilities.
BRIEFER MENTION.
216
NOTES
Painting is confined, or ought to be confined,
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS 219 to one moment and one division of space. Lit-
(A classified list of books to be issued by
erature introduces duration and a multiplica-
American publishers during the Spring and
Summer of 1915.)
tion of spaces, and is therefore immensely more
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
233l complex. But we think that there is in the
.
.
.
. 217
0


192
(March 18
THE DIAL
best literary art something analogous to the from life and from the principle of the dark-
painter's principle of darkening the fore ened foreground. Comedy is, though not
ground. Literature's poverty of resource as essentially yet in usual practice, a contempo-
compared with life is even more apparent than
rary creation.
It steps right off from the
that of painting. There are something like street. Yet take the greatest comedy the last
thirty million seconds in a year, and each one century produced,- that of Dickens. The
of them may be productive of an emotion or a grime, the gloom, the squalor of London, are
situation. Every personage in a piece of lit- used to set off his gigantic figures of fun. The
erature must pass through innumerable principle of contrast is invoked, and out of
scenes; but only a few of these scenes can be their almost unbearable conditions Micawber,
given. To get proportion, vividness, reality, Sairey Gamp, Dick Swiveller, the Wellers, and
the writer must select his moments and his a hundred more rise in a riot of animal spirits
locations properly. To get distance, large ten times more living than life. The light,
ness, vision, he must more or less obscure his bright comedy of Meredith is weak and unsub-
foregrounds.
stantial in comparison. It may be objected
That a vast deal of modern literature has that the gloom and squalor of London existed,
followed an exactly opposite principle,— has and that Dickens merely painted what he saw.
dealt only with the near and the new, is But he undoubtedly put more of them in his
nothing to the purpose. A vast deal of mod-prescription than life's recipe would call for.
ern literature, judged by the work which has And he might have ignored them altogether,
lasted, is wrong. Take, for example, Tolstoi's as did Meredith and most of the rather watery
enormous novel, “War and Peace. It has humorists and novelists who have followed
been called an epic; but it precisely contra-
him. But he exaggerated, as all great artists
venes every epic law. It is all foreground. | have done. The hostess of the inn which was
Each figure in it is painted as distinctly as the supposed scene of Burns's “Jolly Beg.
every other. When we try to call it up in gars” protested that hers was a perfectly
memory we can only think of a confused med respectable house and that no such crew of
ley, with no one figure or scene emerging dis- tatterdemalions had ever gathered there. The
tinctly. It is a wonderful work of genius in lady suffragists of Athens probably hated
detail; but a bound volume of a newspaper Aristophanes for his three woman comedies,
would have almost as much claim to be called and the priesthood of France certainly hated
a work of art.
Rabelais. Comedy at its greatest is an up
The sooner we recognize that life and litera- ting and irreverent thing, and uses a great deal
ture are separate businesses the sooner we of lampblack. Even in the ideal comedy of
shall begin to produce something worth while Shakespeare there is plenty of shadow, and the
in the latter field. Life is huge, confused, hap- principle of contrast is maintained. The
hazard. Accident, sickness, death, the peril of tempest and the wreck precede Ariel and
the elements, thrust into it. The contradic- Miranda and the voices of the island. The
tory and the unexpected make up a large part Jew sharpening his knife comes before the
of its happenings. Unless there is some ob- moonlight scene at Belmont. The unjust
scure law of evolution guiding it, there seems brother, the jealous Duke, and the wrestling-
to be no direction and no purpose except the match are a prelude to the forest loves and
very definite determinations to live, to work, to friendships of Arden.
strive, to enjoy, to exhaust itself. A piece of Tragedy in literature, if it is to be effective,
literature is small, ordered, disciplined. It must of course be removed and separated from
bears the law of its maker's nature. It bor-ordinary life. In its thrilling moments on the
rows its material from life, and of course it stage they darken the house to bring out the
may react enormously on life. It is its mak full effect. We should probably laugh at a
er's report of some part of the vast phantas- great deal of tragedy if it was not carefully
magoria of life,- his judgment upon it, and prepared for, and solemnized by its surround-
perhaps his vision of something different from ings. How little the tragedies of life, of
it. The main point is that it subjects the med course barring our own, impress us! Every
ley of life to a certain discipline.
morning newspaper has a score, a hundred of
At first blush it might seem that comedy is them to report. We glance at the head-lines,
an exception to the rule of art's separation yawn and toss the sheet aside. It takes an


1915]
193
THE DIAL
earthquake, a holocaust, to move us a little. We have now gone the round, and may get
Yet an artist can take one of the least incidents back to Ruysdael's picture, which we hope we
in the news and by properly subordinating have shown has a lesson in it not only for
other things to it can win us to sympathy and painters but for literary artists. Nay, it is not
tears. A certain remoteness and loftiness are without a bearing on morality. The Delecta-
necessary to the greatest tragic effects. Make ble Mountains and the fair skies are generally
your hero a king, said Aristotle, and then peo separated from us by a bar of shadow, strug-
ple will sympathize. Either we do not feel gle, suffering. “Can you have all this and
that ordinary life is good enough for tragic heaven too?” said Lyman Beecher's rustic
trappings, or we secretly believe that we are parishioner, as to his shocked eyes were re-
princes and princesses who have been changed vealed the horsehair sofa, the marble-topped
in the cradle and so only sympathize with our table, and the plush-covered album of the min-
kin. Here, too, of course, the modern spirit ister's parlor. Modern life and art and litera-
has tried to nullify the teaching of ages. | ture, womanized, have tried to put light and
Democracy has wanted to be tragic, as it has joy into the foreground. But it won't do!
wanted all other good things. Mr. James and We must work through shadow into glory; we
Mr. Howells have shown us the plots and per must earn our kisses by kicks; we must run
plexities that attend the lives of the great the gauntlet before being acclaimed a warrior.
suburban class. Dostoieffsky has revealed to
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
us the fortunes and fates of criminals. Mr.
Hardy has tried to lift up those trodden
flowers of the world, Tess and Jude. But we
CASUAL COMMENT.
are entirely unconvinced that these creations,
THE LATE LIBRARIAN OF THE HISPANIC SO-
charming or powerful as they may be, will per CIETY, Winfred Robert Martin, whose recent
manently or even for a time usurp the places death has called forth glowing tributes to his
of the kings and captains and great ladies virtues and talents, was evidently the strong-
of Shakespeare or Scott. The human instinct est possible contrast to the typical book-
for believing the best of itself is against them. custodian of olden times. But how could he
Even in contemporary popularity, their mak-
have failed to be, sprung from a father of such
ers are beaten out of the field by novelists like
varied and unusual gifts as those possessed
Mrs. Ward and Miss Corelli, who do, in a way,
by the Rev. William Alexander Martin, who
survives his son ? The elder Martin's mis-
put their trust in princes.
sionary and diplomatic services in China, and
Poetry, absolute poetry, must be more or his published works in English and Chinese-
less removed from life,- it must keep its dis for he both speaks and writes the latter diffi-
tance. It does keep its distance by means of a cult language — have won for him a more than
special language, a special movement and local distinction. A similar or even wider
ordering of words, an atmosphere of its own. range of interests and aptitudes is to be noted
With its purple robes, its round of gold about in the son, whose skeleton biography in
its brow, its inspired air, it becomes ridiculous “Who's Who” shows him to have been a
when it steps down into the forum or the
Princeton graduate, of the class of 1872; a
drawing-room, among men clad in tweeds or
bachelor of law, New York University; a doc-
tor of philosophy, Tübingen; a doctor of laws,
women in Paris fashions. The vulgar cannot
Trinity College; professor of oriental lan-
understand it; they would indeed have to be
guages at Trinity from 1888 to 1907; instruc-
born again to enter its heaven. It is for the tor in Sanskrit at the Hartford Theological
young and unspoiled, for the solitary enthusi- Seminary from 1902 to 1907; librarian of the
asts, for the dreamers brooding over the secrets Hispanic Society of America from 1907 until
of the universe. That is the reason why politi- his death; and member of various American
cal poetry is such a doubtful good, and why and foreign learned societies. But first and
humorous poetry is almost a contradiction in
last he seems to have been preëminently a
terms. The best poetry, too, has its foreground teacher, a kindler of zeal for knowledge in the
shadow. There is a good deal to be said for
breasts of others, as is plain from the testi-
Poe's theory that melancholy is the highest mony of his former pupils and of those who
came into inspiring contact with him else-
poetic motive. Joy may be, and indeed almost
where than in the classroom. In the sixth
always is, vulgarized, but sadness can never
chapter of Professor William Lyon Phelps's
be vulgarized.
“Teaching in School and College” occurs this


194
(March 18
THE DIAL
attesting passage: “The teacher must not be feminine adjective to designate brands of
a mere hearer of recitations. He should not cigarettes, confectionery, and other merchan-
exclusively confine himself to discovering dise. Thus we have "Égyptienne cigarettes'
whether or not the pupils have made sufficient (not cigarettes égyptiennes) and “Première
preparation. In many of our recitations at chocolates.' At some restaurants the guests
school and college we never expected to learn are treated to "spaghetti Italienne,
as well
anything; never did, anyhow: we simply an as to “bullion soup, 'consomme' (unac-
swered formal questions. So fixed was this cented), and other philologically wonderful
idea in our minds, that our first interview with dishes. Of course the French expression in
a new instructor in the Hartford High School, full, of which the feminine adjective is often
Mr. Winfred R. Martin, one of the greatest the surviving remnant, is familiar enough;
teachers I ever knew, was not only disastrous but that does not make good English or fault-
to us, but we nearly broke out into open rebel- less French of "string beans Parisienne" or
lion. He asked us things that were not in the “lamb chops with Hollandaise sauce." Those
notes! Later we found him a constant and who are interested in the preservation of our
powerful inspiration. Even at that early age
Even at that early age tongue in its purity will enjoy reading the
we obtained from him a notion of the meaning aforementioned article in the March issue of
of true scholarship. He was and is a profound “Harper's Magazine."
and original scholar, a man of varied and
amazing learning, and we respected him for
it."
BOOKS FOR SPECIALISTS are among the most
costly works known to the book trade. They
UNDERDONE ENGLISH might be a good term may be out of print, rare, and all but unob-
to apply to those alien words that elbow their tainable; or, if current publications, they may
way into our speech without showing any like represent such an excess of labor and expense
lihood of ever becoming naturalized in spell- in their preparation, compared with the lim-
ing or pronunciation. Ennui, for instance, ited demand they are likely to meet, as to ren-
will never be thoroughly English, and as long der their purchase an impossibility for most
as we have tedium and boredom it will not be individual students and for all but the largest
needed. Wanderlust, which we still write libraries. Hence the importance, to special-
with an initial capital, in the German manner, ists, of knowing just what great public collec-
and usually pronounce as the Germans do, if tions of books are strong in their particular
we are able, might well enough be unreservedly fields.
fields. Among American libraries noted for
adopted, and written and spoken as good their resources in these special departments,
English, which indeed it is. As Professor the Newberry Library of Chicago enjoys a
Brander Matthews sensibly remarks, in a cur deserved repute. Its librarian's latest Report
rent magazine article on pure English, "if a has some pages of interesting reading that
word is now English, whatever its earlier illustrate the zeal and intelligence constantly
origin, then it ought to be treated as English, devoted to the strengthening of the various
deprived of its foreign accents, and forced to special collections in the library. That this
take an English plural.” He continues: "No effort is not wasted becomes evident from the
one doubts for a moment that cherub and testimony of the call slips. “It is a note-
criterion, medium and index can claim good worthy fact," records the librarian, "that the
standing in our English vocabulary, yet we most highly specialized divisions of the library
find a pedant now and then who still bestows are the ones whose books show a steadily
upon these helpless words the plurals they had increasing use. The casual visitor or person
to use in their native tongues, and who there- unfamiliar with the materials of research
fore writes cherubim and criteria, media and usually picks out just these divisions in which
indices, violating the grammatical purity of to ask the invariable question, 'But does any.
English.” Many will have noted the pitfalls one ever call for or need such books as these?'
laid for the unwary and the uneducated in And the necessarily affirmative reply evokes
these foreign plurals: the use of data as a with equal invariability a politely skeptical
singular noun is now so common that presently smile.” But the facts speak for themselves.
we shall have the lexicographers bending to “For example, the Prince Louis Lucien Bona-
popular custom, and stamina already receives parte Library consists of some 18,000 volumes,
from them a sort of half-recognition as a singu- chiefly relating to the various languages, dia-
lar noun. The height of absurdity is attained lects, and patois known to have been spoken or
in cherubims, which is not unknown in the employed as a medium of literary communica-
speech of the uneducated. Another absurdity |tion in Europe during the past two thousand
is met with in the lavish use of the French | years. Few persons are able to make intelli-


1915)
195
THE DIAL
gent use of these works except trained philolo- because he did not dare go home and get it for
gists, and advanced students of literary and fear of being made to take a bath. Soon
linguistic origins. And yet, well over 3,000 afterward one of our English exchanges repro-
volumes were drawn from this collection for duced as new this St. Louis story with a Lon-
reading or consultation during 1914, while don setting; and so it promoted the gaiety of
during the five-year period, 1910-14, nearly at least two nations within two months.
15,000 volumes have been put at the service of
readers. The case is the same with the Edward
A MAN OF INFINITE VARIETY, which age can-
E. Ayer Collection of Americana, an ex-
not wither nor custom stale, is he whose recent
tremely specialized library of original sources
-printed, manuscript, and graphic.” It is shocked and alienated so many of his former
pamphlet, “Commonsense about the War,'
a theory of librarians, which library expe-
admirers and set the world at large to dis-
rience tends to confirm, that there is no book
in any library that will not, sooner or later, and perplexing personality. Whether one
cussing with renewed curiosity this Protean
find its reader.
considers him a genius or a mountebank, a
seer or a charlatan, a philosopher or a mad-
THE PERIODICITY OF ANECDOTES can hardly man, a constructive reformer or a ruthless
equal in regularity the recurrence of the iconoclast, Mr. George Bernard Shaw remains
spring and neap tides, or the successive re a perennially interesting, even fascinating,
turns of Encke's Comet, but there is no ques-
member of the human race. To him who in
tion that the same popular story has a way of
the love of Mr. Shaw holds communion with
taking repeatedly new forms and enjoying his visible forms he speaks a various language;
fresh favor. It is not improbable that some
for his gayer hours he certainly has a voice of
neat situation, having tickled some one's fancy gladness and a smile, though he may not ex-
either in real life or as an invention of the actly glide into his darker musings with a mild
imagination, may again independently present and healing sympathy. Proof of something
itself in fact or fancy a half-century or so like universality in his genius is found in the
later; just as the man in Ohio re-invented the rather amusing assurance with which one after
screw-propeller a generation or more after it another of those that have studied him venture
had been successfully applied to ship-propul- to affirm that they alone really understand
sion. Or the same good story may have simul-
him and can interpret him to the world. Mr.
taneous birth in two distant places, after the Chesterton has expounded the real Bernard
manner of the Adams and Leverrier coinci. Shaw - an exposition in which the subject
dence in astronomy. Mark Twain's "Jump- utterly failed to recognize himself, and Mr.
ing Frog” is one of those unfailingly popular Archibald Henderson has laboriously pre-
stories that might, without violence to proba- sented another real Mr. Shaw; and Mr. Shaw
bility, have moved to laughter a knot of idlers himself has all the while, naturally enough,
on the banks of the Nile five thousand years
maintained that he himself was his only trust-
ago, or a group of loungers on the strand at worthy interpreter, and that the innumerable
Aulis, at a somewhat later date. In fact, its current opinions and impressions of him were
occurrence, in Greek form, in the pages of all, or mostly, wrong; and, finally, we have
Professor Henry Sidgwick's “Greek Prose another self-confident expositor, Mr. John
Composition" gave rise to the belief that the Palmer, demolishing (in the pages of the cur-
tale was of Athenian origin, and even its rent “Century'') all the hitherto accepted
author was deceived until the translator ac-
notions of Mr. Shaw's character and explain-
knowledged his deed. Familiar to observant ing him anew to a mistaken world. Reduced
readers is the frequent recurrence, with or to the conciseness of an algebraic formula,
without change of form, of the greater part of here is the latest solution of the “G. B. S.”
our best jokes and anecdotes. The humorous puzzle: “The ideas of Bernard Shaw - the
department of a justly-esteemed American commonplaces of his time. The ideas of Ber-
magazine prints this month the supposed nard Shaw + his way of presenting them -
answer of a schoolboy to the question, What G. B. S."
is the backbone? The definition is hoary with
age: “The backbone is a long, straight bone. SUGAR-COATING THE PILL OF REJECTION will
Your head sits on one end, and you sit on the never greatly lessen its bitterness, and many
Three months ago we retold (with there are who prefer to take their pill, if take
due credit given) Miss Effie L. Power's story, it they must, undisguised by this thin layer
from “How the Children of a Great Library of saccharine deception. A certain editor of
Get Their Books,” of the small boy who begged our acquaintance used to publish a soothingly
the librarian to extend the time on his book plausible statement that there were no rejec-
other."


196
(March 18
THE DIAL
??
of all ages.
tions in his office, but that after such literary larger in area? If eighteen hundred and
offerings as best met existing needs had been war-time' was more than a passably good
selected the rest were restored with appro period for English authorship, is there any
priate thanks to their obliging senders. In reason why 'nineteen hundred and war-time'
somewhat the same spirit the head of the Bos should not also see good work and plenty of it
ton Public Library smilingly explains, if the in English literature?” Yet it should be
reporter has not misinterpreted him, that “in borne in mind that warfare a century ago was
the purchase of fiction no books are censored,' not the tremendous and exhausting perform-
as that term is generally understood. We ance that it is now. Also, as the writer admits,
choose books, and that implies that some will we have not, or are not conscious of having,
be bought and others not bought. No doubt any Walter Scott at present producing Waver-
many books are not taken which are as good as, leys for the entertainment and delight of the
even better than, some that are taken. But, in reading public.
choosing, various elements must be considered
besides literary merit; for example, adap-
A FORGOTTEN CARLYLE MANUSCRIPT, never
tability to uncultivated readers, human inter-
published, and, except to a few bibliophiles,
est, unquestioned moral tone, and the fitness
not known to be in existence, has come to light
of the book for circulation, practically without
among the literary treasures of a collector at
formality, upon open shelves, free to readers
Norfolk, Virginia, and at the present writing
As to the somewhat celebrated
is about to pass to the highest bidder at the
volunteer board of fiction-tasters that so faith-
Henkels auction rooms in Philadelphia. It is
fully serves the library, Mr. Wadlin adds :
entitled “The Guises," and is said to be forty-
“The volunteer committee which reads new
fiction simply gives its opinion of the books,
six folio pages in length, closely written in the
familiar crabbed penmanship of its author,
the way in which each strikes a reader of aver-
and to contain about twenty thousand words.
age attainments; it is not intended to give a
Its date is given as 1855. As its title indi-
literary judgment only, though that point is
cates, it gives the history of the house of Guise
not overlooked, and what a reader says about
from the first duke of that name. As it has
a book is never conclusive as to its purchase.
to do with a part of Europe where history is
Some books, though approved by this com-
just now violently in the making, let us quote
mittee, are not bought, and others, though not
à characteristic fragment from the opening
approved, are bought. "That a book is not
page. “Lorraine, Lotharingen, fell, not to the
bought simply means that in the exercise of
first Lothar, who was Charlemagne's grand-
choice some other book was thought preferable,
son, but to a 2d Lothar (who married that
all things considered.” After this the free
one's daughter), but whose pedigree, relation-
advertisement given to a novel by its rejection
on the part of the Boston Public Library ought
ships to men and things, and general bio-
graphic physiognomy in this world remains,
to lose some of its commercial value.
as is usual with these poor people, irretriev-
ably dark to me, weltering in endless im-
ENCOURAGING TO BOOK-DEALERS of the pres broglios of Carlovingian ramifications and
ent are certain episodes in the book-trade of disjecta membra; unknown now I do believe
the past. Mr. James Milne writes, in the to all the living; for how can you know it!
course of a recent “London Letter” to “The Riddle it out for yourself, with much dis-
Book Monthly”: “We have to recognise, in gusting conscientious labour, you straightway
the first place, that it is going to be a long proceed to forget it again: thrice over that
war, possibly a very long war. It cannot, in has been our experience."
the nature of things, be as long as the Napo-
leonic wars of a century ago; but as a cata-
clysm it may be compared to these, and
READING IN THE TRENCHES varies the deadly
perhaps we may derive some encouraging les- monotony of killing and being killed. In Ger-
sons from them. If you remember, ‘Waverley,' many the call for books to be distributed in
the first herald of Sir Walter Scott's genius,
the field and in military hospitals is said to
was published in the year before Waterloo. | be such as to have caused a remarkable de-
His other stories began almost immediately to
velopment of the travelling-library system, if
pour out; and generally, while Pitt was fight that is the right term to apply to the mech-
ing Napoleon, English literature was not anism whereby literature is supplied to the
merely not quiescent, but remarkably produc- soldiers of the fatherland. The Royal Library
tive. If this was possible then, why should it at Berlin, acting as a receiving and distribut-
be different now when the field of authorship, ing centre in this good work, sends out four
if it be not so great in masters, is very much thousand volumes daily to the front and to
77


1915)
197
THE DIAL
hospitals. A Berlin publishing house, that of
Ulstein & Co., has subscribed a large sum for
the crating and packing of these books, and
two express companies carry the boxes without
charge. A Hamburg agency reports the re-
ceipt of two hundred and three hundred books
a day for distribution, and many other coöp-
erating agencies are similarly active. Both
individual donors and publishing houses are
contributing the reading matter that through
these various channels flows to quench the
book-thirst of the soldiers.
COMMUNICATIONS.
THIRD SOUL.
“I worked in Lyons at my weaver's loom,
When suddenly the Prussian despot hurled
His felon blow at France and at the world;
Then I went forth to Belgium and my doom.
I gave my life for freedom - This I know:
For those who bade me fight had told me so.
FOURTH SOUL.
“I owned a vineyard by the wooded Main,
Until the Fatherland, begirt by foes
Lusting her downfall, called me, and I rose
Swift to the call — and died in fair Lorraine.
I gave my life for freedom - This I know :
For those who bade me fight had told me so.
FIFTH SOUL.
“I worked in a great shipyard by the Clyde.
There came a sudden word of wars declared,
Of Belgium, peaceful, helpless, unprepared,
Asking our aid: I joined the ranks, and died.
I gave my life for freedom - This I know:
For those who bade me fight had told me so."
This may not be great poetry in form, but is not
its truth and power as “a criticism of life” beyond
question? The essential folly and tragedy of war,
the blind devotion to leaders, the beauty of self-
sacrifice,- all this and much more glows through
these simple lines, and makes the poem worth (to
me, at least) a ton of the “mad Kaiser” and “
per-
fidious Albion” sort of thing with which we have
for months been deluged. RALPH BRONSON.
Wyoming, N. Y., March 8, 1915.
WAR AND POETRY.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The interesting article under the above caption
in your issue of March 4 has suggested this ques-
tion in my mind: Is it not the violently partisan
spirit pervading most of the verse of the present
war which is chiefly responsible for its failure to
measure up to high poetical standards? The good
poet is not necessarily a good patriot,— love of
humanity is with him a far more vital and com-
pelling impulse than love of country; and he sees
too deeply and widely into the great complex of
life ever to believe that in war, as in any other
form of conflicting human relations, it is always a
clear case of the devils against the angels. There is
infinite poetical material in this European drama;
but it lies leagues beneath the surface aspects dealt
with by the “patriotic” bards, with their hack-
neyed variations on the chords of vituperation and
self-righteousness. It lies in the tragedy of the
individual soul,— whether English, French, Ger-
man, Russian, or what not; it is to be found in
the experiences of almost countless men and women
who have made every sacrifice and suffered every
agony of which humanity is capable — and for a
cause of which not one in ten thousand could give
a coherent or plausible explanation.
To me the most striking poem yet evoked by
the war is Mr. W. N. Ewer's “ Five Souls,” pub-
lished in the London “ Nation” last autumn. As
it has never been reprinted in this country, so far
as I know, perhaps you may be willing to let me
share it with your readers.
“ FIRST SOUL.
“I was a peasant of the Polish plain ;
I left my plough because the message ran :-
Russia, in danger, needed every man
To save her from the Teuton; and was slain.
I gave my life for freedom – This I know :
For those who bade me fight had told me so.
A TEXTUAL DIFFICULTY IN MILTON.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
If I may be permitted to offer my conjecture on
the textual difficulty in the tenth book of Milton's
“ Paradise Lost,” suggested by the communication
in your issue of March 4, I should like to venture
the following
The whole situation, briefly stated, seems to be
this: Sin and Death had just completed the giant
causeway, and “now descried their way to earth,
first tending to Paradise” (1. 325), when the meet-
ing with Satan, which is under consideration, took
place. Now the question arises, Where shall we
locate these three spirits of evil?
It appears to me that this may be done quite
satisfactorily by first gathering together the most
important visualizing data of this structure, and
of the flight of Satan returning to his palace in
Hell. That great “pontifice” was evidently “high
arched” (1. 301), to begin with, a fact we must
not lose sight of, if we wish to follow Milton's
description of this path through Chaos. A little
further on we learn that Satan, while “steering
his zenith betwixt Centaur and the Scorpion ”
(1. 328), or somewhere near what we might per-
haps coldly term the limits of our solar system,
“ met who to meet him came” (1. 349), namely,
the aforesaid Sin and Death. Here, I think, we
should bear in mind that he is returning, not has
returned, to Hell, as your correspondent apparently
conceived him to have done; he was on his way,
SECOND SOUL.
“I was a Tyrolese, a mountaineer;
I gladly left my mountain home to fight
Against the brutal, treacherous Muscovite;
And died in Poland on a Cossack spear.
I gave my life for freedom - This I know:
For those who bade me fight had told me so.


198
[March 18
THE DIAL
66
6
but not yet arrived there. All the text gives us is, SOME ANTI-GERMAN MISCONCEPTIONS
that after Eve was seduced,”
.” “ to Hell he now
CORRECTED.
returned". (11. 332-346); “returned" being here,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
according to the general context, a simple narrative Mr. Wallace Rice's communication in your issue
imperative, not a participle, as our original inquiry of February 16 contains a few errors of fact which
seems to suggest the expression: “At the mo-
you may wish to correct.
ment of meeting Satan is represented as 'now
1. The representatives of Alsace-Lorraine in the
returned to Hell, 1. 346."
Reichstag are elected by universal suffrage; and
This contention being taken for granted, we this suffrage is conceded to be as free and un-
may claim that Satan only came upon the first hampered as any in the world. Alsace-Lorraine
incline of the unsuspected highway, when he met has fifteen representatives, and at the last elec-
his fellow-spirits. He was only
steering his
tion two of these represented the French party,
zenith, after having risen from Paradise, and
while thirteen represented the various German
reached the bounds of our atmospheric sea, wing, parties.
ing his way as an angle of light (1. 327), and
2. With the exception of Mecklenburg, all Ger-
apparently unconscious of
a passage broad,
man states have different constitutions than they
smooth, easy, inoffensive” (1. 305), and obligingly had before 1848.
prepared by his children. Espying the latter, he 3. The Constitution of the German Empire of
no doubt descended or “ lighted from his wing," 1871 is a liberal document, and should not be over-
“and at sight of that stupendous bridge his joy looked by those who wish to discuss German Con-
increased," and he stood long admiring (1. 350). stitutions.
And the part of the bridge where he would be most 4. Most Germans who emigrated to America did
likely to stop and praise, as he soon did, would be
not do so because “ life was unendurable to them
right here, rather than at the door of Hell, or at in the Fatherland," but because they believed that
the end of his flight.
America offered opportunities which none of the
Approximating, then, the view from this ethereal
European countries could afford to encourage. To
spot, or trying to do so, we ought not to do vio draw conclusions unfavorable to Germany from
lence to the imagination in undertaking to fix it too the presence of many millions of people of Ger-
rigidly, and with too strict a localism. Neverthe-
man stock in this country is erroneous unless one
less, for a scientific age there is perhaps nothing wishes to draw similar conclusions as to the other
so agreeable here as at least a half-way probable countries whose sons have settled here. The aver-
mathematical precision in the location of this age emigration from England for the past ten
meeting-point. This could be done by thinking of years has been over 200,000, while the emigration
this whole magnitude of space as a great cosmic from Germany has practically ceased.
spherical triangle, with Hell and Paradise at the 5. Nobody who knows modern Germany can be-
lower apexes and the point in question at the top; lieve that the Bourbon maxim, " Everything for
and the “stupendous bridge,” or “the three several the people, nothing by the people," is effective in
ways in sight, to each of these three places” (1. Germany to-day. One glance at the German con-
323), as the bi-sectors of the three angles of this stitution, as well as familiarity with the workings
imaginary triangle. Then the bi-sector of the Para of the Reichstag, will disprove this assertion with-
dise-angle would curve downward to Earth, the out question.
bi-sector of the Hell-angle would curve down to 6. England has more “ frightful slaughters on
Hell-gates, and the bi-sector of the upper angle her mind” than any other nation, perhaps because
would incline “near to Heaven's door” (1. 389). the extension and maintenance of her world empire
Thus the intersection of all three bi-sectors would amid less civilized people has made greater de-
be the point of meeting in our discussion.
mands on her. The suppression of the Indian
But inasmuch as Satan was only between “ Cen mutinies, the Egyptian River War described by
taur and the Scorpion," not yet out of reach of our Mr. Churchill, the Boer War with its concentra-
solar system, he was at the “brink of Chaos” (1. tion camps and Lord Roberts's proclamation issued
near the foot of this new wondrous ponti from Pretoria, and finally the oppression of Ire-
fice.” If then we consider that this monstrous land, prove this.
structure was curved and “high arched," and that 7. During the Civil War almost 200,000 Ameri-
the segment reaching to earth was probably shorter cans of German descent fought for the Union;
than the one running down to Hell (11. 320-323), while “ the Germans in this country," as Mr. Theo-
Sin and Death could easily descend to Paradise dore Roosevelt says, were largely responsible for
and Satan likewise descend “ down to Hell."
keeping Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri in the
And yet, after all, the imaginative freedom of Union.” Nobody thought any the less of these
poetry almost revolts at such a matter-of-fact ex people at that time; nor did any one doubt their
planation! Suffice it to say that Milton here loyalty because they were proud of their German
neither“ nodded,” nor gave an amanuensis cause to descent.
commit a blunder at once fatal to true poetry and It is very unfortunate if the natural difference
vexatious to her conscientious student. The won of opinion prevalent as to the right or wrong in
derful constructive imagination of the master mind the European War induces the Anglo-Saxon ma-
simply took such a magnificent flight that ours of jority or the Teuton minority to doubt each other's
the lesser wing was at first unable to follow. loyalty to their joint country.
LOUIS C. MAROLF.
EDMUND VON MACH.
Wilton Junction, Iowa, March 8, 1915.
Cambridge, Mass., March 5, 1915.
347), «


1915]
199
THE DIAL
of which gives something of a broad treatment
The New Books.
of the subject; one the general account of the
conditions of the theatre by Mr. Moderwell,
THE NEW MOVEMENT IN DRAMATIC the other Mr. Huntly Carter's book on Max
PRESENTATION.*
Reinhardt. This latter book makes the well-
known producer of the Deutsches Theater the
A“new movement” in art-- or in anything basis of a general treatment. Mr. Moderwell
else - generally goes through three stages. gives a more generally planned account of the
First, an idea is conceived by some genius, or matter, but is more especially interested in the
by a few people of genius sometimes working work of Mr. Gordon Craig. As is commonly
together, sometimes separately, and is appre- known, these two men have for some years
ciated by a few people who are apt nowadays been the leading innovators in the new Art of
to be scattered about all over the world. Next, the Theatre.
it begins to come to public notice and is found If I had to choose between the two I should
so interesting that people write, first articles choose Mr. Moderwell's book, and that not
then books about it or the people concerned because I agree with him in his admiration
with it. Every one begins to know something for Mr. Craig, although I do, but because he
about it or the people concerned with it, and gives a well-ordered and well-worked-out gen-
it has for a time a popularity which is often eral treatment of the whole subject. He
enough factitious and short-lived. Later would appear to have a more systematic mind
everybody knows about it, takes it as a matter than Mr. Huntly Carter, who, when he gave
of course, and then its true power begins to a while ago an aperçu of the whole field, got
tell widely, if there be enough in it, because his material together in a form which must
the people at large are familiar enough with have stood in the way of many who would
it to be able to get at its true spirit. This has have liked to know something about the subject
happened with all sort of things, and not in he was presenting. Nor does Mr. Moderwell
matters of art alone.
seem to me less appreciative and under-
The new movement" in the theatre is still, standing because he is more systematic. He
in America at least, in the second stage. For has by no means the arid idea of the pure stu-
ten or twenty years there have been innova- | dent and investigator. In fact, his mind
tions in stage presentation, Greek plays, appears to act in much the same way as other
Shakespearean settings, out-of-door plays, men's, which is a great advantage when one
“Yellow Jackets," and the like. And for as tries to explain matters to one's fellows. The
many years there have been people here and reader will find in his book general ideas and
there who understood and appreciated them, principles, as well as particular details and
sometimes many, sometimes few. Now, how- events; he can get the general view and also
ever, after a good many articles, criticisms, learn facts, dates, and so on.
magazines, and what not, there are appearing Mr. Huntly Carter views the New Theatre
books which offer a general account of the through the medium, as we may say, of Max
matter. We are beginning to wake up to the Reinhardt, the director of the Deutsches
idea that here is something important. Just Theater. It is a good thing that he has done
how important, people might not agree. Mr. so, for there is no other thorough treatment of
Archibald Henderson, in his chapter on newer Reinhardt's work in English. He does not,
tendencies in “The Changing Drama," calls however, give a definite biography; in fact the
it “this art of the future which stands out as title of his book shows that it is the dramatic
the most significant tendency of the contem or theatrical art that is of interest to him
porary drama."
Mr. Henderson is (among rather than the personal development. And
other things) one of the most widely read in this matter Mr. Huntly Carter is known to
dramatic critics of our day; few know as well have much information and knowledge. Max
as he what is “up” in the dramatic world, Reinhardt is the man who has actually done
what are the currents of present-day thought, most in the new art of dramatic presentation.
what people are thinking, dreaming, doing, or For ten or twelve years now he has given plays
trying to do. He views as most significant in Berlin,-plays of all kinds: “Salome" by
this effort to give form and body to the play. Oscar Wilde, "The Lower Depths”? by Gorky,
Most significant or not, good or bad, here is a “Pelléas
“Pelléas and Mélisande" by Maeterlinck,
clear enough case; everybody knows some “Electra” by Hofmannsthal, “Candida" by
thing about it. We have now two books, each Shaw, “Rosmersholm” by Ibsen, as well as the
staid old plays of Shakespeare, Molière, and
* THE THEATRE OF TODAY. By Hiram Kelly Moderwell.
Illustrated. New York: John Lane Co.
Goethe. He has naturally put on the stage the
THE THEATRE OF MAX REINHARDT. By Huntly Carter.
Illustrated. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
plays of others, many of whom had no idea at


200
(March 18
THE DIAL
all of the kind of stage upon which their works this country. Design, color, light, three
were destined eventually to appear: Sophocles matters so fundamental in the newer ideas,
and Shakespeare wrote their plays for theatres are dealt with. The literary forces are con-
very different from anything Reinhardt was sidered, -namely, the dramatists now at work
likely to use. So in a lesser degree with throughout the world. The book ends with a
Molière and Goethe. The same thing was consideration of the social and economic
doubtless the case with many writers of our forces; and in fact we have a very general,
own day; Gorky and Maeterlinck probably all-around treatment of the subject, not at all
took little account of the possibilities of the limited to any particular view or school. I do
modern stage, whatever we may think of not, in fact, know of any other one book which
Hofmannsthal and Ibsen. Reinhardt seems to gives a better introduction to the dramatic
stand for an idea that Mr. Henderson gives world to-day, unless it be that of Mr. Hender-
us: “In the light of Croce's theories, I should son's already quoted, which takes the subject
like to stress the fact that in the presentation rather from the dramatic standpoint, the point
of a drama we have the most intricate and com of view of literature, as Mr. Moderwell views
plex form of critical reproduction.” Rein-
Rein- it from the theatrical standpoint, that of the
hardt is, as one may say, a critic, interpreting stage.
the works of the great dramatists of any and Mr. Moderwell's book is a good accompani-
all time, just as Wilhelm Meister interpreted ment to those of Mr. Gordon Craig in giving
“Hamlet," putting them so that people in an idea of the theatre, not so much as the
general will really get at them.
means of interpreting the work of great
There is, however, another way of doing dramatists, as a means whereby the artist may
things in this dramatic movement, — namely, express himself. That is the new "Art of the
that which is generally associated with the Theatre”; just as an artist may express him-
name of Mr. Gordon Craig. Similar as his self in painting, music, poetry, architecture,
work is in many ways to that of Reinhardt, or in many other well-recognized ways, so he
yet if we may judge from his writings it has a may express himself by the much more com-
different spirit and motive power. Mr. Craig plex means of the theatre, which calls for the
has been engaged in presenting the work of use of poetry, painting, music, architecture, as
others: he has not been able to present many well as acting, dancing, pantomime, costume,
plays; he has no such imposing record of and so on. “The drama as the culminating
interpretations as Reinhardt; but the few synthesis of all the arts” is Mr. Henderson's
things he has done have made an immense expression. The artist of the theatre is a
impression, - his “Hamlet” and “The Blue creator rather than a critic. This is rather an
Bird” at Moscow, especially. To us in Amer art of the future: even Mr. Gordon Craig,
ica that matters less because we know these who is very busy fashioning his instrument,
things chiefly by book, and Mr. Craig is most has not yet played upon it, at least so far as
widely known by his writings. If we call Max the world in general is concerned.
Reinhardt critical, we may say that Gordon Although Mr. Huntly Carter seems some-
Craig is creative. He thinks of something thing of a partisan, I see no reason why one
other than simple presentation or interpreta- should think of any necessary antagonism be-
tion;
in his “Art of the Theatre" a few years tween the critical and the creative schools of
ago he presented the idea of a creative artist
presentation. Even though the creative view
using all the means of the drama and the thea- appeal to one most, as it does to me, there is
tre to embody his thought. THE DIAL has no getting away from the other. Create as
already printed some studies of his ideas
much as possible, there must always be the
apropos of his books.
critical presentation, unless we are content to
I have mentioned Mr. Moderwell's book as let all the great drama of the past sink into
presenting the ideas of Mr. Craig. This gives nothingness. There will always be the pre-
only a slight idea of the book, which is an ex sentation of Shakespeare, for instance, unless
cellent treatment of the whole matter of the Mr. Shaw should succeed in his ill-concealed
theatrical art of to-day. The mechanical forces effort to make away with him in the public
are described, the different innovations in the mind. It will never be possible to present
form of the stage — the revolving stage, the Shakespeare in the way he was originally pre-
rolling stage, the sliding stage; the arrange sented, — we can never produce just the im-
ments for scenery, like the cyclorama or the pressions that he produced in the way he did;
horizont; the different developments in light- if we could reconstitute the Elizabethan actor
ing. The matter is also considered more or and the Elizabethan play-house we could never
less at length from the artistic standpoint, and reconstitute the Elizabethan audience.
So
also with reference to what is being done in there must always be the modern presentation


1915)
201
THE DIAL
You may
of Shakespeare and of the other great masters task of directing the performance. But more
of the drama, and that, as a rule, by means of useful even than the presenting the works of
which they did not dream. Even the dram- others is the presenting plays of one's own
atists of our day, unless devoted “men of upon no matter how small a scale provided it
the theatre,” must often be in ignorance of the be done with any real consideration of the
means whereby their imaginations will be real needs and necessities of the case.
ized; indeed, they must often see their own give your performance at one end of a parlor,
imaginations realized in ways better and more on a High School stage, at a Club smoker, or in
adequate than they had conceived themselves. a garden, or anywhere else. Provided you
The critical presentation will even be the most realize your dramatic opportunities and use
common. It is presumably easier, for one them in an artistic way, you are getting some-
thing; in the drama, as elsewhere, one will find thing on the Art of the Theatre that you can-
many men of critical ability for one of any not get even by going to see other people act
creative power. It is also more widely useful; every night in the season and reading plays in
in learning the Art of the Theatre, as in learn books all the rest of the year. Only one must
ing any other art, whether for creative pur do the thing in the best way with the view of
pose or merely for general culture, one must the artist of the theatre,- not necessarily of
deal with the work of earlier masters. Great Mr. Gordon Craig or any particular person.
geniuses have developed without the training And a public made up of people who were
of schools and conservatories, and on the other accustomed to such matters, who took stage
hand the confining effect of traditional criti- presentation as naturally as they did reading,
cism has been long understood. Yet in the would be one which would appreciate the work
main, genius likes to view the work of genius. of the masters better than ours does now.
One cannot learn the Art of the Theatre out of
EDWARD E. HALE.
one's head, nor are there many schools like Mr.
Craig's at Florence; the young artists of the
theatre must learn their art by seeing plays
Two YEARS IN HURRICANE LAND.*
produced, and it will certainly be hard on
After the thrill and exultation attending the
them (as on the public) to see only the plays conquest of, first, the North Pole and then,
of their own time and generation and even
within a brief space, the South Pole, it might
moment, as might be the case if the creative
seem that further exploration of Arctic or
artist of the theatre dominated the situation.
Antarctic regions must partake of the nature
There must always be critics of the theatre,
of an anticlimax; and in some sense this can-
like Max Reinhardt, who has never sought
not but be true. No other pushing into the
himself to create, save perhaps in a minor way.
unknown can quite equal in excitement the
Yet the ideas of Mr. Craig are singularly sug- pursuit of that infinitesimal point where all
gestive.
The practical man will doubtless the meridians meet and there is no longer any
think it improbable that we shall ever have
East or any West. But just as the discovery
many dramatic artists who can both conceive
of America did not exhaust the possibilities of
a dramatic idea and themselves bring it to
occidental exploration and adventure, so the
presentation, even with the assistance of prop-
achievements of Captains Peary and Amund-
erly subservient specialists in acting, lighting,
sen have rather stimulated than deadened
music, and so on. It is probable that we shall
eagerness to learn more of the secrets of the
never have very many, but certainly we shall
frozen polar seas and undefined continents.
have none at all unless a beginning is somehow Among those best equipped by nature and
made. And making once a good beginning we
training to supplement the work of those
may find it not so impossible to continue as it
earlier explorers, Sir Douglas Mawson, of Ade-
may have once appeared.
laide University and a member of the Shackle-
To me, if I may add a sort of obiter dictum,
ton expedition of 1907-9, is not the least
such matters appear most likely to be fruitful conspicuous. His organization and leadership
in a direction not often noticed, -namely, in of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition of
developing a dramatic audience. I know of 1911-14 placed him among the foremost of
nothing that makes one understand a play bet skilled and resourceful and intrepid adven-
ter than to try to present it. If you want to turers into the vast unknown of Antarctica,
understand “Hamlet,” get a company of your “the home of the blizzard," as he calls it in
friends to act "Hamlet,” even though you the title to his elaborate work descriptive of
can get nobody to come and see you. The that expedition, now published in two hand-
study you will have to give the play will give
Being the Story of the
you an appreciation you never have had be Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-1914. By Sir Douglas
Mawson, D.Sc., B.E. Illustrated in color and black and white,
fore, especially if you can yourself assume the
also with maps. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
* THE HOME OF THE BLIZZARD.


202
[March 18
THE DIAL
some volumes, with every accompaniment of attributes essential to success in the peculiar
colored and uncolored illustration, of map and task here under consideration:
diagram and appendix, that the exigent reader “For polar work the great desideratum is tem-
could desire — except that the more scientific pered youth. Although one man at the age of fifty
or technical fruits of the undertaking are may be as strong physically as another at the age
reserved for future presentation.
of twenty, it is certain that the exceptional man of
fifty was also an exceptional man at twenty. On
As explained in the opening chapter, the
the average, after about thirty years of
age,
the
design of the expedition was to land a party elasticity of the body to rise to the strain of
of five men on Macquarie Island, about half-
emergency diminishes, and, when forty years is
way between Australia and the Antarctic con reached, a man, medically speaking, reaches his
tinent, this party to be equipped with wireless acme. After that, degeneration of the fabric of the
apparatus for communication with the ex body slowly and maybe imperceptibly sets in. As
plorers southward and with Hobart to the the difficulties of exploration in cold regions ap-
north, and to carry on certain assigned investi- proximate to the limit of human endurance and
gations, while the rest of the company took in
often enough exceed it, it is obvious that the above
hand the more arduous and hazardous ex-
generalizations must receive due weight.”
ploration of the little-known regions lying The men selected with proper regard to this
within or near the Antarctic Circle between Oslerian age limit comprised a party of about
King George V Land on the east and Queen forty, including the five ship's officers and
Mary Land on the west, or over a stretch of several temporary members of the expedition,
nearly sixty degrees of longitude. This latter
and all but one seem to have fulfilled expecta-
work was to be done by several parties oper-
tion in respect to physical hardihood. That
ating separately but in pursuance of one well-
one, Dr. Xavier Mertz, a Swiss of exceptional
considered scheme, which embraced researches ability and promise, and not yet thirty years
in geography, oceanography, meteorology, of age, succumbed to exposure and an insuffi-
glaciology, geology, biology, bacteriology, the ciency of nutrition on the arduous expedition
study of tides, wireless and auroral observa already mentioned which was led by Dr. Maw-
tions, and terrestrial magnetism. In addition son._The other member of this party, Lieuten-
to the chief's account of the expedition as a
ant B. E. S. Ninnis, a youth of twenty-three,
whole, and of his own activities as organizer also lost his life on the way, falling with sledge
and leader, as first in command at the main
and dogs through a crust of snow covering a
base" in Adelie Land, and as engaged in a
crevasse. These two, it appears, were the only
particularly toilsome and dangerous excur-
ones who failed to survive the rigors and
sion to the eastward across King George V | perils of the enterprise.
Land, the book contains subordinate and al Most tragic and grimly impressive is the
most equally interesting narratives from the story of that ill-fated excursion from which
pens of those who led forth other parties on only the leader, after indescribable sufferings
their several more or less perilous quests.
and hair-breadth escapes, returned to the
Even those who have had but slight expe- friendly shelter of winter quarters. That a
rience in roughing it with an outing party will month of lonely struggle and semi-starvation
appreciate what the author has to say on the
(the last dog had been sacrificed) in those icy
extreme importance of care in selecting the solitudes should have left him with reason
men with whom one is to winter and summer
unimpaired and bodily powers not perma-
in the wilderness. Mental and physical equip- nently weakened, is almost beyond belief, and
ment for the work in prospect is not enough, speaks volumes for his virility. The tempta-
though it is indispensable; moral quality must
tion to let go his grip, in more senses than one,
also be insisted upon.
evidently assailed him with increasing fre-
“In no department can a leader spend time more
quency as the margin of possible endurance
became narrower.
profitably than in the selection of the men who are
A passage from his diary
to accomplish the work. Even when the expedition
illustrates that strange mingling of the awful
has a scientific basis, academic distinction becomes
and the trivial, the sublime and the ridiculous,
secondary to the choice of men. Fiala, as a result
that many a reader will have noted in his own
of his Arctic experience, truly says, ' Many a man experience at moments of exceptional trial or
who is a jolly good fellow in congenial surround-danger.
ings will become impatient, selfish and mean when “Going up a long, fairly steep slope, deeply
obliged to sacrifice his comfort, curb his desires
covered with soft snow, broke through lid of
and work hard in what seems a losing fight. The crevasse but caught myself at thighs, got out,
first consideration in the choice of men for a polar
turned fifty yards to the north, then attempted to
campaign should be the moral quality. Next should
cross trend of crevasse, there being no indication of
come mental and physical powers.'”
it; a few moments later found myself dangling
Of interest, too, is this further specification of fourteen feet below on end of rope in crevasse


1915)
203
THE DIAL
sledge creeping to mouth — had time to say to strikingly beautiful illustrations, including a
myself, . so this is the end,' expecting the sledge number of unusually fine colored ones, and
every moment to crash on my head and all go to the their generous provision of large folding maps,
unseen bottom - then thought of the food uneaten
could not easily have been improved upon. In
on the sledge; but as the sledge pulled up without
only one particular, hardly important enough
letting me down, thought of Providence giving me
another chance.'
to mention, has expectation been a little dis-
It was a small chance, but the edge of the appointed: the index references seem to lack
crevasse was at last gained, when a second fall,
that scrupulous accuracy which the reviewer
if not the general reader likes to find in a
to the full length of the rope, followed. The
work of so rich and varied contents as “The
remainder of the incident must be told in the
Home of the Blizzard."
author's own words:
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
“Exhausted, weak and chilled (for my hands
were bare and pounds of snow had got inside my
clothing) I hung with the firm conviction that all
THE QUALITY OF GENIUS.*
was over except the passing. Below was a black
chasm; it would be but the work of a moment to
The first edition of Türck's “Man of
slip from the harness, then all the pain and toil
would be over. It was a rare situation, a rare
Genius” was published in Germany in 1896,
temptation a chance to quit small things for and was so well received that other editions,
great — to pass from the petty exploration of
variously revised and enlarged, rapidly fol-
planet to the contemplation of vaster worlds be- lowed one another. In all, seven editions have
yond. But there was all eternity for the last and, been issued in Germany up to the present time.
at its longest, the present would be but short. Í The English translation, now before us, was
felt better for the thought. My strength was fast prepared and printed in Germany, though
ebbing; in a few minutes it would be too late. It
published in London.
was the occasion for a supreme effort. New powers
seemed to come as I addressed myself to one last
Dr. Türck's conception of genius is a quali-
tremendous effort. The struggle occupied some
tative rather than quantitative one. We are
time, but by a miracle I rose slowly to the surface.
not to regard as a genius any man possessing
This time I emerged feet first, still holding on to extraordinary abilities, without reference to
the rope, and pushed myself out, extended at full their nature. On the other hand, something of
length, on the snow — - on solid ground. Then came the quality of genius is universal : as Schopen-
the reaction, and I could do nothing for quite an hauer said, "really every child is to a certain
hour.”
extent a genius.” We are to consider that
Though the author modestly ascribes to a genius is an inherent power, without reference
friendly reviser any literary merit his chap- to performance; thus it is easy to imagine a
may possess, it is plain that the pre man potentially capable of producing works of
requisite of having something to say before genius, hindered by circumstances from doing
attempting to say it, is all his own, and that he anything of consequence. What, then, is the
can well afford to let his style take care of essential mark of genius? It is, according to
itself. Not unworthy of a place beside the last Dr. Türck (following Schopenhauer), a capac-
recorded words of the ill-fated Captain Scottity for love, using that word in the widest
is the terse account of that all but desperate sense, an objective tendency, which seeks
struggle to regain the land of the living after
realization through contact with the external
death had claimed the two companions of the world, and puts aside selfish and subjective mo-
outward journey. Other parts that hold the tives. At the same time, appreciation or love
attention are the detailed descriptions of land being the motive force, reality is idealized, and
ing, hut-building, dog-management, and all the world is understood in its meaning, rather
the ingenuities and contrivances evolved by than in its imperfect expression. This, we
the exigencies of the time and place. Recogni- must hold, is to get at the core of truth, the
tion also is due to the clear style, effective and original version of which visible things are, as
unwasteful of words, in which the lesser con-
it were, an imperfect translation.
Thus we
tributors to the book tell their respective tales glide into idealism, our own nature suffusing
of more or less exciting adventure. A later and transforming external reality.
work presenting the scientific results of these It may properly be objected, that Dr. Türck
two years (and somewhat more) of manifold
has selected the human quality which he most
investigation in an almost virgin field is prom admires and values, and has labelled it genius.
ised. Here, then, let it suffice to register At the same time, he is not altogether without
appreciation of the more generally narrative warrant in this, for according to the ordi-
and descriptive volumes. Their appearance nary conception of the word, genius certainly
and workmanship, with the large, clear type
* THE MAN OF GENIUS. By Hermann Türck, Ph.D. New
of the Ballantyne Press, and with their many York: The Macmillan Co.


204
(March 18
THE DIAL
implies increased capacity for understanding extremes meet, and we find that our genius is
and appreciation. Think of any man to whom after all in danger of landing in that very mire
we ascribe this quality,- is he not distin of selfishness from which he had escaped. We
guished by the breadth and depth of his are confirmed in this opinion when we find the
relationship to reality, by the extent of his com author lauding Napoleon as a man after his
prehension of truth? He cannot be wholly self own heart.
centred, if only for the reason that his field This breakdown of the whole theory, as it
would remain altogether too narrow for the seems to us, is especially apparent in the ex-
expression of his powers. So, as we think tremely interesting chapter on “Hamlet.”
about it, the simple definition which our author
The play is analyzed quite fully from Dr.
gives, "genius is love," rather grows upon Türck's point of view; and whatever we may
us, and seems less absurd than when we first think of this, the boldness and originality of
read it.
the treatment command admiration. The idea
Then, as to the idealistic outcome: is it a is, that Hamlet was a genius in the fullest
final reaction from the severity of truth, a re sense of the word, capable of great ideas, of
turn to the subjectivism from which we sup- seeing things in the large, incapable of nar-
posed we had escaped ? Perhaps so, in part, rowness and selfishness. He grew up believing
but it is curious to recall a rather similar in the general goodness of men and things,
development in the innermost sanctum of the supposing that the love of his mother and the
most modern science. Following the path first respect of all men for his father were due to
indicated by Mendel, we have explored the the latter's good qualities alone. When he
maze of heredity in directions he never knew, finds that the same respect and love are given
and find ourselves contemplating every living to one who has indeed power, but is in all other
being as a compromise between what is and respects unworthy, the whole fabric of his
what might have been.” Not at all as a mat- idealism collapses. He finds, too, that Ophelia
ter of idealism, but by calculations having has none of the high qualities which he sup-
almost the validity of mathematics, do we posed must go with so lovely a form. Conse-
postulate the potential qualities of this or that quently, although he is not wanting in courage
descendant of known ancestors, and estimate and other manly qualities, he sees things in too
the deviation from the fullest expression, due large a way to care very much about mere
to this cause or that. Are we, then, to blame revenge, about a deed which will not, can not,
the philosophical idealist, who, looking beneath set the whole world right. It is not a matter
the surface of things, discerns often a half- of conscience, of moral uncertainty, but of
expressed meaning, and values the outcome lack of interest in a mere detail of the wretch-
partly for the implied purpose ? Crass anthro- edness of things. Dr. Türck states that this
pomorphism, if you like, but we cannot do explanation occurred to him one day when
without it. Repeat a thousand times, things reflecting on the passage in the Gospel of
are what they are, and even in science we can Matthew, in which Christ asks “Who is my
never forget that they are also, in a genuine mother and who are my brethren? And he
sense for us, what they are not.
stretched forth his hand toward his disciples,
It is rather more difficult to follow our and said, Behold my mother and my breth-
author in some other matters. Growing out ren!” It struck him that Hamlet, in like man-
of the idea of the disinterestedness of genius,
ner, had gone beyond the stage of feeling
there is developed the conception that the ac- special responsibility in connection with his
tivity must be its own justification, rather than father as distinguished from other men.
any particular end to be gained. In any This ingenious hypothesis surely cannot
intense work, it is certainly true that the mind represent Shakespeare's meaning. As it seems
is centred upon the activity itself, and the end to the reviewer, the greatness of the tragedy
to be gained may be quite nebulous or unreal of “Hamlet," as that of “Othello," lies in the
ized for the time being. Under such circum internal rather than the external failure, the
stances the work is pleasurable; whereas if wreck of an essentially noble nature which
the end alone is in view, it becomes a burden.
could not rise to the occasion. It is for this
Dr. Türck goes so far as to assert that the high reason that we are more moved by these plays
est work, thus accomplished, is of the nature than by “Julius Cæsar.” To represent Ham-
of play, and states in several passages that the let's attitude as laudable, and put the whole
genius is primarily interested in what he is blame on the cheapness of his environment, is
doing, and cannot take the world and its needs to emasculate the work. At the same time, no
very seriously. He thus dismisses the future, doubt, the quality which Dr. Türck calls
as it were; he has neither hope nor fear; in a genius, the breadth of understanding and ap-
word he is free from care. Here we think the preciation, may at times deprive men of that


1915)
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simplicity of purpose which is necessary to is the sole representative of Continental learn-
action. Shakespeare appears to have under- | ing. The absence of any chapter from Amer-
stood at least this, that academic life and ica might be explained by the fact that a
thought tended to inhibit action, and his lesson supplementary enterprise, “The Cambridge
may not be without significance for us to-day. History of American Literature," which is
Other chapters take up Goethe's "Faust," now in preparation, has been entrusted to
Byron's “Manfred,” Schopenhauer and Spi- American hands — it is, indeed, mainly an
noza, Christ and Buddha, Darwin and Lom American venture. But, as in Volume X., the
broso, Stirner, Nietzsche, and Ibsen. The bibliographies here and there betray an inex-
treatment of "Faust" is especially detailed cusable ignorance of books and articles that
and original, but we cannot take the space to have been published in this country. One has
outline it here. Stirner, Nietzsche, and Ibsen, a feeling that some of our English cousins
together with Lombroso, are vigorously at more readily tolerate American scholarship
tacked, and called antisophers. It is perhaps when it concerns itself with Old and Middle
hardly fair to class Ibsen with the others, but English, or with the Elizabethans and Milton,
his work is discussed at length, and the au and are less complacent when we offer to inter-
thor's position is made clear. We may close pret the modern poets.
with a quotation remarkable not only for its Of the sixteen chapters, eight are by persons
pungent sarcasm, but for a certain suggestive whom we have come to recognize as steady
ness in relation to the attitude taken by some contributors: Mr. Previté-Orton deals with
learned men with reference to the happenings “Political Writers and Speakers”; Professor
of to-day. After describing Nietzsche's theory Sorley with “Bentham and the Early Utilita-
of conduct, Dr. Türck exclaims :
rians"; Mr. Child with Cowper and with
“Imagine, on these lines, a speech for the de- Crabbe; Professor Saintsbury with Southey,
fence such as the following: Gentlemen of the with "The Prosody of the Eighteenth Cen-
jury, the accused pleads guilty to having com tury,” and with “The Growth of the Later
mitted a murder: I request you, however, to con Novel”; and Mr. Harold Routh with “The
sider how horribly beautiful his crime is. From Georgian Drama.” Practice, and an ability to
a sheer passion for murder — because, as our great anticipate the plans and wishes of the editors,
Nietzsche says,
“ his soul wanted blood . . . he
thirsted for the happiness of the knife,"— he de-
are sure to tell in a work of this sort; the
coyed a child to a lonely place, and slowly killed chapter by Mr. Routh, for example, is a model
it with exquisite tortures. Neither the innocently
in perspective and compression, without undue
terrified looks of the child, the little hands con sacrifice of interest. Nor are the authors of
vulsively clasped in despair, the small body trem the remaining chapters all new; Mr. Aldis has
bling and twitching with pain, nor the pitifully appeared before, and so have Mr. Henderson,
beseeching voice and the frightful cries of the Mr. Vaughan, and Professor Grierson.
little creature writhing in an agonizing death
It would be idle to repeat the table of con.
could touch this man's heart. What sternness of
decision and character he here showed. To whom
tents. We must single out a few chapters for
would it come-easy to imitate him? Who would special mention.
Who would special mention. The first, that of Professor
not rather commit suicide than inflict such terrible Grierson on Burke, opens with a laborious sen-
suffering on a poor little creature? Gentlemen of tence containing ninety-nine words and a date.
the jury, I pray you to admire this man's strength Once in motion, however, we are carried along
of mind, “ the beautiful terribleness of the deed," easily on a stream that more than once reminds
as our famous antisopher calls it, and further beg
us of the tide in the eloquence of the master-
you to consider what this man would have been
orator himself. Professor Grierson, rising to
able to accomplish, had he been born to a throne.''
the height of his great argument, has produced
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
an essay (if one be allowed to predict) that
will have a lasting place in the literature on
Burke. It is clear; it is orderly; it is elevated
ENGLISH LITERATURE IN THE ROMANTIC
in tone; it displays true philosophic insight.
PERIOD.*
And it has memorable passages, such as this
For the earlier volumes of "The Cambridge one on Burke's temperament:
History of English Literature,” the editors “ The sensitive, brooding imagination, which,
fortunately secured a number of contributions coupled with a restless, speculative intellect, seek-
outside of Great Britain; in the later ones the ing ever to illuminate facts by principles, gives
custom seems to be passing. The latest volume tone to Burke's speeches and pamphlets; for it is
contains one chapter by a French scholar, who
this temperament which imparts vividness and color
to the dry details of historical and statistical
* THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Edited knowledge, and it is this temperament which at
by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller. Volume XI., The Period
of the French Revolution. Cambridge, England: University
once directs, keeps in check, and prescribes its
Press. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
limits to, that speculative, inquiring intellect.”


206
March 18
THE DIAL
Again :
freshness and independence of his work on
“Of the three means by which Cicero, following
“The Prelude." If his estimate is conven-
the Greeks, declares that the orator achieves his tional, this appears in his treatment of “The
end of winning over men's minds, docendo, con
Excursion," and, still more, of the "Ecclesi-
ciliando, permovendo, tradition and the evidence astical Sonnets." Indeed, it is unsafe to ap-
of his works point to Burke's having failed chiefly praise “The Excursion” as a narrative poem,
in the second. He could delight, astound, and con or, as many others do, to disparage it as not
vince an audience. He did not easily conciliate
and win them over.
entirely composed in a lyrical or impassioned
He lacked the first essential
and index of the conciliatory speaker, lenitas
style; the style was not so intended, nor yet
vocis; his voice was harsh and unmusical, his
was it meant to be that of an epic. “The
gesture ungainly. The high qualities, artistic and
Excursion” is a dialogue, and must be judged
intellectual, of his speeches are better appreciated according to the laws governing this form of
by readers and students than by 'even the most art; one does well to read Plato (who is not
illustrious of those who watched that tall gaunt always impassioned) before taking up a mod-
figure with its whirling arms, and listened to the ern Platonist or Neoplatonist; and it may be
Niagara of words bursting and shrieking from said that the poem of Wordsworth endures
those impetuous lips.'”
comparison with other English dialogues. As
And once more:
for the "Ecclesiastical Sonnets," so few per-
“Burke's unique power as an orator lies in the
sons look at them, not to speak of studying
peculiar interpenetration of thought and passion.
them with care, that in the popular opinion
Like the poet and the prophet, he thinks most pro- they would seem to be negligible. M. Legouis
foundly when he thinks most passionately. When says they are “the Anglican counterpart, on a
he is not deeply moved, his oratory verges toward much narrower basis, of Chateaubriand's
the turgid; when he indulges feeling for its own Génie du Christianisme.' They are, how-
sake, as in parts of Letters on a Regicide Peace,
it becomes hysterical. But, in his greatest speeches Bede and Sharon Turner, and reveal a schol-
ever, founded upon good authorities, such as
and pamphlets, the passion of Burke's mind shows
itself in the luminous thoughts which it emits, in
arly method to which Chateaubriand was a
the imagery which at once moves and teaches, stranger. Montalembert, saturated with the
throwing a flood of light not only on the point in spirit of the Middle Ages, praised some of them
question, but on the whole neighboring sphere of at least very highly. If we view them in the
man's moral and political nature."
lineage, not of Chateaubriand, but of Her-
This is not the only striking chapter in the bert and Keble,- if we find their place in the
volume. Professor Legouis of the Sorbonne,
main course, not of Continental literature, but
whose career began with a study of the
of religious poetry in England, we are more
French officer Beaupuy mentioned in “The
likely to appreciate their true significance.
Prelude," and whose reputation was assured
One hesitates to enter the lists against an
through a notable interpretation of that poem,
interpreter so expert and so well-prepared;
but M. Legouis, as it seems to the present
now utters, as it were, his final judgment upon
writer, has considered the poetry of Words-
Wordsworth. In the interval, the skill of the
worth too exclusively in the light of imme-
critic has not diminished, but probably in-
diate circumstances, and of Revolutionary
creased ; his sentences are packed with thought
influences and French ideals, and too little sub
and solid information; and his conception of
Wordsworth as carrying on the tradition of
specie eternitatis.
The remarks of Mr. Vaughan on Coleridge
Rousseau, with modifications from the philoso-
suffer in comparison. For one thing, his chap-
phy of Burke, is subtly elaborated, and pre-
ter is marred by censurable carelessness in
sented with the grace and charm which we have
matters of detail. For example, he says that
come to expect from the school of Alexandre
Beljame. And yet one reads this chapter with a
the beginnings of the opium habit“ go back as
far as 1797”; Coleridge certainly began to
sense of disillusionment. It is as if the author
had lost something of his initial interest in the
take laudanum before that. He speaks of an
poet. His former knowledge, which chiefly
impalpable quality illustrated by the line
bore upon the early life of Wordsworth, and
“Enclosing sunny spots of greenery,"
upon the proximate origins of Wordsworthian where Coleridge wrote Enfolding. He speaks
ideas, is duly resuscitated; but it would seem of “the ghastly colors which patched the
that for the poet's subsequent activity M. bones' of Death in a verse which the subtle
Legouis to some extent has been swayed by instinct of Coleridge led him subsequently to
secondary sources of opinion, so that the views strike out.” “Patched the bones" is a bad
expressed, while far from being stereotyped, misquotation; and the criticism of friends.
and reflecting conventional criticism only in a and of the reviewers, had much to do with the
general way, can hardly be said to possess the excision by Coleridge of grotesque and repul-


1915)
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THE DIAL
lime.');
sive images from "The Rime of the Ancient of “Paradise Lost' and from Bartram's
Mariner.” Again, there is slipshod work in “Travels" (in Florida, Georgia, etc.) inter-
the statement that Southey "pronounced the mingled; the whole being drawn together by
poem to be 'an attempt at the Dutch sub no inner bond of necessary sequence, but by
What Southey wrote was, “a Dutch casual association. The poem is not a great
attempt at German sublimity.” He probably one; its unquestionable merits do not suffi-
did not think ill of the thing attempted, since ciently outweigh the latent defects for that.
the supernatural was his own field, and he It would be greater if, as in the fourth book
could himself learn from Bürger; he thought of "Paradise Lost," or in the twenty-eighth
the attempt awkward. But the obvious errors canto of Dante's “Purgatorio,” the sensuous
are not the only ones in the chapter. Taking element, the flesh, had a distinct form, so as to
issue with the utterance of Coleridge himself, give unmistakable significance to the whole.
“I cannot write without a body of thought," And beautiful and melodious as the parts may
Mr. Vaughan says of “Kubla Khan”: “While be, where the heart should be there is some-
thought alone, however inspiring, is powerless thing repulsive: Coleridge suggests that the
to make poetry, pure imagery and pure music, place is "holy” as being the scene of demoniac
even without thought (if such a thing be pos- love-
sible), suffice, when working in absolute har-
“A savage place! as holy and enchanted
mony, to constitute what pedantry alone could As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted
deny to be a great poem.” If it be pedantry to By woman wailing for her demon-lover!”
desire depth of thought in poetry and music, That reminds one of the essential indelicacy of
as well as in criticism, the present writer can Christabel," and of other passages in which
not evade the impeachment; holding, in fact,
the poet has utilized repulsive ideas, from
the opinion of Coleridge as elsewhere ex works on demonology, which may not be clear
pressed: “Poetry is certainly something more to the uninstructed reader, but which must be
than good sense; but it must be good sense, at reckoned with in studying the genius of Cole-
all events; just as a palace is more than a ridge. We must discover where the poet is
house, but it must be a house, at least.' As laudable, and where he is open to censure.
for the sense of the criticism, if thought be Mr. Vaughan praises without discrimination.
comes inspiring, will it not produce something Thus he says of “The Rime of the Ancient
artistic ! But can thought exist without Mariner” that “the story shapes itself in a
imagery - that is, without organic sensation ? succession of images unsurpassed for poetic
Psychologists, we believe, say it cannot. And
power and aptness”': whereas Hawthorne
what does our author mean by the words, “if called attention to the absurdity of a seaman
such a thing be possible”? If imagery and going about his nautical tasks when there was
music without thought are not possible, so hanging upon his neck a bird with wings meas-
much the better for the human mind and for uring thirteen feet across. This is not to
human art; in that case, there can be no such minimize the loveliness of Coleridge at his
thing as "pure” imagery, and no poetry that best; the aim is to show the want of precision
is “pure” sound and fury, signifying nothing; in an unwary critic — in one who does not
though there can be intentional and uninten- verify his references, and who has the corre-
tional nonsense in both poetry and prose.“If sponding habit of careless generalization. As
such a thing be possible” implies that the con Mr. Vaughan has previously worked in the
text in which it is found may be nonsense ; field of literary criticism, it may be well to
and that is what we strongly suspect it is. touch upon one matter there. In the passage
Instead of assuming that “the body of
“the body of commonly referred to (“Ars Poetica" 333-4),
thought' does not obtrude itself for the simple | Horace does not say that “the object of poetry
reason that there is no thought to obtrude,” is to instruct” (p. 148). He describes what
how much better would be the plan of trying poets actually wish to do, dividing them into
to find out what the content of “Kubla Khan” three classes :
really is! As the present writer pointed out “Aut prodesse volunt aut delectare poetæ
some years ago, the poem, when attentively Aut simul et iucunda et idonea dicere vitæ."
examined, takes its place among the many de They wish either to profit, or to delight, or to
scriptions of the terrestrial paradise. There do both in one. It is not a question of what
is a description of the Tartar paradise at the they ought to do, but of characteristic desires;
beginning, an allusion to the Abyssinian para and it is true to the facts.
dise in the middle, and an apparent reference Of the chapters hitherto unmentioned, that
to the false paradise of the Persian necro of Mr. Wallis on Blake deserves high com-
mancer Aladdin at the end; and there are mendation. There is nothing better on the
various reminiscences from the fourth book subject. Chapter XIV., on "Book Produc-
>>
:


208
[March 18
THE DIAL
tion and Distribution, 1625-1800," by Mr. EYE-WITNESSES AT THE SHAMBLES. *
H. G. Aldis, gives a very interesting picture of
the relations between author and publisher in
Mr. Irvin S. Cobb's "Paths of Glory"
the seventeenth century, of the activities of easily deserves first place among recent books
Tonson, Lintot, Dodsley, and Miller in the about the war. Mr. Cobb has an unusual
eighteenth, and of the circumstances which talent for description, and his pages disclose
gave rise to such collections of the English a character typically American. He saw the
poets as those of Bell and Johnson. Mrs. war largely through German eyes and under
Aldis also does well with “The Bluestock German auspices, and he retained throughout
ings,” and Mr. Darton with “Children's something closely approximating a judicial
Books,” beginning with the earliest specimens. poise; certainly there is always the manifest
The bibliography appended to this final chap- intention to be just and an almost meticulous
ter fills about seventeen pages, and is an
adherence to fact. Nevertheless, the very per-
achievement in itself; it should attract the fection of the machine, the subordination of
notice of parents and teachers, who will not the individual to the orders of an admitted
elsewhere find so excellent a guide. The superior, leave a sense of outraged American-
author of the chapter is evidently responsible ism behind, as in such an innocent instance as
for the list.
this:
For several other lists the case is different, The turf was scarred with hoofprints and
and the results are not always happy. In the strewed with hay; and there was a row of small
Bibliography of Wordsworth, Knight's Ev trenches in which the Germans had built their fires
ersley Edition (1896) should not have been to do their cooking. The sod, which had been
made a mere adjunct to his earlier and infe-
removed to make these trenches, was piled in neat
rior Edinburgh Edition; Mr. Nowell C. Smith
little terraces, ready to be put back; and care
should not be disguised as “Smith, C. N.”; | damaging the bark on the trunks of the ash and elm
plainly had been taken by the troopers to avoid
negligible anthologies like that of A. J. George trees.
should have been omitted; and under "Biog-
6. There it was
the German system of warfare!
raphy and Criticism," there should be more These Germans might carry on their war after the
entries from American scholarly periodicals. most scientifically deadly plan the world has ever
On p. 455 the page-heading properly changes known; they might deal out their peculiarly fatal
to “Coleridge''; but on pp. 457, 459, reappears
brand of drumhead justice to all civilians who
“William Wordsworth' a confusing over-
crossed their paths bearing arms; they might burn
sight. The list of books on Coleridge mentions
and waste for punishment; they might lay on a
the recent bibliography of T. J. Wise, but not
captured city and a whipped province a tribute of
that of J. L. Haney (Philadelphia, 1903),
foodstuffs and an indemnity of money heavier than
any civilized race has ever demanded of the cowed
which, with its entries of books and articles on
and conquered—might do all these things and more
the poet, is indispensable to students. Under besides but their common troopers saved the
“Biography and Criticism," Lucas's 'Life of sods of the greensward for replanting and spared
Charles Lamb” ought by all means to have the boles of the young shade trees!”
been included; it would be easy to add a dozen
None of the reproduced photographs which
other important titles.
accompanied the serial publication of Mr.
In the work as a whole there is a certain
Cobb's narrative have been used in his book,
awkwardness of arrangement. Why should but there is no need for them, so pictorial are
Blake (1757-1827) precede Burns (1759-
his words and so interpretative his attitude
1796), and both follow Wordsworth (1770- toward what he saw.
toward what he saw. Above all, perhaps, is
1850) and Coleridge (1772-1834) ?
the sincere American attitude he preserves
But we must not quarrel with the volume. from cover to cover of his interesting volume.
The chapters on Burke, Wordsworth, and He detested the thought of war before ever
Blake, which are not the only significant ones,
he saw it or its consequences; and when he
would be enough to redeem it from defects far was brought face to face with these he abomi-
more serious than any we have noted.
nated it and the spirit which calls men to
LANE COOPER.
Impressions of War Written at or
near the Front. By Irvin S. Cobb. New York: George H.
By Richard Harding Davis.
Mr. Stanley Leathes, one of the editors of “ The trated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
By E. Alexander Powell, F.R.G.S.
Cambridge Modern History," has written a “His-
Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
tory of the United Kingdom” on a large scale.
Diary of an American. By Charles
The first volume, which will be issued this spring,
Inman Barnard, LL.B. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown
is called “ The Making of the People," and covers TOMMY ATKINS AT WAR AS TOLD IN His Own LETTERS. By
the period down to the time of the general applica-
James A. Kilpatrick. New York: McBride, Nast & Co.
Six WEEKS AT THE WAR. By Millicent Duchess of Suther-
tion of machinery to industry.
land. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
* PATHS OF GLORY.
Doran Co.
WITH THE ALLIES.
Illus-
FIGHTING IN FLANDERS.
PARIS WAR DAYS.
& Co.


1915]
209
THE DIAL
slaughter. His hatred for the wickedness of get out of hand and do things which we would never
what he saw and sympathy with those who
tolerate if we knew it. At Louvain, for example, I
suffer from this wickedness has produced a
sentenced two soldiers to twelve years' penal servi-
work of literature, - a profoundly sad criti-
tude each for assaulting a woman.”
cism of life.
It is in this book that the adventures of Mr.
Mr. Richard Harding Davis, like most of
Donald Thompson, the photographer from
his countrymen, probably admired Germany Kansas, are related, and they make an inter-
but did not like it before he met it in war;
esting chapter in the study of American na-
since that time he has had reason for a more
tional character. Mr. Powell's observations
active sentiment of dislike, which he sets forth
are as follows:
in his “With the Allies,' recounting his expe-
“ In all the annals of modern war I do not
riences in Belgium from shortly after the
believe there is a parallel to this little Kansas pho-
German invasion of that peaceful country un-
tographer halting, with peremptory hand, an ad-
til the fall of Antwerp. He fell into the hands regiment, and then having a field-gun of the Impe-
vancing army and photographing it, regiment by
of German officers and for more than a day rial Guard go into action solely to gratify his
was under condemnation to die as a spy, in curiosity.”
spite of his possession of a passport signed by Mr. Thompson's photographs are used to illus-
the American minister, Mr. Brand Whitlock. trate the book, and bear out the conclusions of
His long experience as a war correspondent, the text, which will probably be accepted as
almost always with regular soldiers, had not true by everybody in the world except the
prepossessed him with conscript armies to Germans.
begin with, and certain unpleasant Prussian The “Paris War Days” of Mr. Charles
habits, such as threatening civilians with a Inman Barnard can scarcely be said to be a
drawn revolver, did not change his opinions. book at all, its contents comprising nothing
His judgment of the German army is worth more than the notes of a newspaper correspon.
quoting, as follows:
dent long resident in Paris, with occasional
" It is, perhaps, the most efficient organization of conclusions arrived at from his knowledge
modern times; and its purpose only is death. of the life there. But the author is none
Those who cast it loose upon Europe are military the less right in holding that even this slender
mad. And they are only a very small part of the
information will be welcomed by the Ameri-
German people. But to preserve their class they
can public as adding to the general fund of
have in their own image created this terrible engine
of destruction. For the present it is their servant.
knowledge which has made our people, except
But, though the mills of God grind slowly, yet
such of them as refuse to read the American
they grind exceeding small.' And, like Franken and English books and papers, by far the best
stein's monster, this monster, to which they gave
informed in the world. Among the various
life, may turn and rend them.”
episodes which the German government has
At the close of his book Mr. Davis has an inter-
not yet succeeded in explaining away is the
esting discussion about the war correspondent
reason given for declaring war, thus:
and the attitude of the European war offices
“August 3 ... Germany officially declared war
toward him. It goes to bear out the general
upon France at five forty-five this evening. The
impression in the United States that war is so
notification was made by Baron von Schoen, the
essentially stupid that its votaries become in-
German Ambassador to France, when he called at
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to ask for his pass-
capacitated from seeing the rest of life in true
ports. Baron von Schoen declared that his Govern-
proportion.
ment had instructed him to inform the Government
The contents of Mr. E. Alexander Powell's
of the Republic that French aviators had flown
book, "Fighting in Flanders," have all ap over Belgium and that other French aviators had
peared in a number of American daily news flown over Germany and dropped bombs as far as
papers. So rapidly do the events of the war Nuremburg. He added that this constituted an act
march, in spite of the stalemate at present,
of aggression and violation of German territory.
that the volume fails of interest through no
M. Viviani listened in silence to Baron von Schoen's
fault of its own; certainly the events it de-
statement, and when the German Ambassador had
scribes are of the first consequence. The most
finished, replied that it was absolutely false that
French aviators had flown over Belgium and Ger-
famous passage in it is that relating the inter-
many and had dropped bombs.”
view between Mr. Powell and General von
As a result of a conversation with M. Jules
Boehn, commanding one of the armies of
Cambon on his return to Paris from the
invasion, in which the American cited to him
Embassy to Germany, eked out by interviews
specific instances of atrocious conduct on the with those accompanying him, Mr. Barnard
part of his soldiers. The German replied:
says:
“Such things are horrible if true. Of course, « M. Cambon drew an important distinction be-
our soldiers, like soldiers in all armies, sometimes tween German diplomacy and the German military


210
March 18
THE DIAL
clique. The former were willing only to go so far action. The men have their own stories to tell. An
as risking a war, while the latter seized the oppor Irish Guardsman records a white flag incident dur-
tunity to bring on the war and attack France. The ing the fighting on the Aisne: • Coldstreamers,
discussion lasted two or three days, and the mili Connaughts, Grenadiers, and Irish Guards were all
tary caste, receiving the strong personal encourage in this affair, and the fight was going on well. Sud-
ment and support of Emperor William, became denly the Germans in front of us raised the White
omnipotent, and from that moment war was in Flag, and we ceased firing and went up to take our
evitable. In regard to France, Germany constantly prisoners. The moment we got into the open, fierce
repeated the formula: 'Put strong pressure upon fire from concealed artillery was turned on us, and
Russia, your ally, to prevent her from helping the the surrendered Germans picked up their rifles and
Servians!' To this France replied: "Very good, pelted us with their fire. It was horrible. They
but you yourself should put strong pressure upon trapped us completely, and very few escaped.
Austria, your ally, to prevent her from provoking The German defense of these white flag incidents
a catastrophe!” To this Germany rejoined: 'Ah! was given to Trooper G. Douglas by a prisoner who
But that is not the same thing!' Thus it was in declared that the men were quite innocent of inten-
that cercle vicieux that the diplomatic conversation tion to deceive, but that whenever their officers saw
continued, which, under the circumstances, and the White Flag they hauled it down, and compelled
especially owing to the attitude of Emperor Wil them to fight."
liam, could end in nothing else but war."
In some senses the most interesting of all
The book is dedicated to Mr. Ogden Mills Reid these books is the one that deals least with
in memory of his father, the late Whitelaw
actual fighting, relating the adventures of
Reid, under whose editorship the author be Millicent Duchess of Sutherland during "Six
gan his career as a foreign correspondent. It Weeks at the War.” The Duchess left En-
bears just tribute to the value of the services
gland on August 8 to join a branch of the
of our ambassador, Mr. Myron Herrick.
French Red Cross, and, after seeing what
It was a good idea of Mr. James A. Kilpat could be done that would be useful, sent back
rick's to embody into permanent form the to her home and procured a, surgeon and
numerous narratives of interest that were pub- eight trained nurses and the funds needed for
lished from time to time in the British and the “Millicent Sutherland Ambulance," to be
Irish newspapers and give it the self-explana- stationed at Namur and eventually to find
tory title of “Tommy Atkins at War as Told their duties at the convent of the Sisters of
in His Own Letters.” By dividing the letters Notre-Dame there. The German occupation
into chapters, "Off to the Front," "Humor in forced the English party to return about the
the Trenches," "The Intrepid Irish,” “The seventh of September, and they did their best
War in the Air,'' and so on, to the number of to get into France, there to continue their
thirteen, a consecutive series of pictures is work of mercy. But it was found impossible,
presented, which constitute the most vivid and they returned to Brussels and through
impressions imaginable. One sups so full of
the efforts of the American Legation soon
horrors day by day since the beginning of this
reached Holland, taking ship for England on
most awful of all wars that strong meat in September 18. So remote from any custom-
deed is required to jolt the jaded appetite, but ary experience were the adventures of the
this book will do it. One therefore reads with Duchess' and so far removed from the sanity
entire accord the compiler's statement that
and common sense of every-day living was the
“In spite of the hatreds this war has engen-
treatment accorded her by those she met that
dered there is still room for passages of fine
the rational mind finds almost as much sheer
sympathy and chivalry.” He goes on to say:
nonsense in her calm and entertaining recital
of events as in “Alice in Wonderland." The
“One young French lieutenant distinguished
himself by carrying a wounded Uhlan to a place of
English mind and the German never seemed
safety under heavy German fire, English soldiers quite to meet, and as the results never went
have shown equal generosity and kindness to in further than to cause inconveniences sensibly
jured captives, and the tributes to heroic and borne, there is an element of true humor in the
patient nurses shine forth in letters of gold upon narrative. When, for example, the Duchess
the dark pages of this tragic history."
reached Brussels on her way home, she found
Even more welcome, perhaps, because it finds herself a prisoner in her hotel with guards
a partial excuse for an oft-repeated tale of stationed at her door. She sent a note to the
violations of the laws of war by the enemy is
American Minister, Mr. Brand Whitlock, and
contained in the following paragraph:
what follows is best told by herself:
“ Stories of German treachery are abundant, and “ He most kindly came, but at my door the sen-
official reports have dealt with such shameful prac tries refused to let him in. He told me afterward
tices as driving prisoners and refugees in front of that he went to the Kommandantur and 'raised
them when attacking, abusing the protection of the -!' The result was very successful. An offi-
White Flag, and wearing Red Cross brassards in cer came round with him, cursed the sentries -- as


1915]
211
THE DIAL
6
if it was their fault — and they were removed. spell of Dillon, an engineer whose daughter he
The American Minister, Mr. Brand Whitlock, is a marries, and who has a splendid vision of the
very agreeable man. He had been appointed by city beautiful, based upon a glorified harbor
President Wilson as Minister to Brussels for a rest
and the most enlightened organization of its
cure! . . . Unfortunately for him destiny has
checkmated his rest cure, but I am quite sure that
ancillary industries. To the boy, the harbor
this man of peace was in a great many ways check-
has seemed repellantly ugly, but to the young
mating the Germans."
man, learning to know it intimately, and
It is to be said that, though the Duchess is in
studying its various aspects under the enthusi-
no sense of the word a professional writer,
astic guidance of his chief (and father-in-law)
she has so fully developed the faculty often
it grows to be a thing of awful beauty with
found in women of the world of saying what amazing possibilities for the redemption of
she thinks and conveying in words how she
social life. But working all the time counter
to Dillon's influence is the influence of Joe
feels that many a trained writer would give an
Kramer, a college friend, a modern of the
eye for it.
WALLACE RICE.
moderns, who scorns their college teaching as
“news from the graveyard," and develops
into a wild-eyed socialist, bent only upon the
RECENT FICTION.*
upsetting of the comfortable order of society,
A surprisingly good novel by Mr. Ernest
and seeing in the harbor only a vast capital-
istic engine for the crushing of human lives.
Poole (a new writer, as far as we are in-
formed), is entitled “The Harbor.
There is nothing constructive about Kramer's
It offers
an epitome of American life at the present thing would be better than the existing state
ideals, but only a fierce conviction that any-
time, taking the harbor of New York as a
symbol. Dante's famous description of the
of affairs, and an absolute inability to partici-
Sacred Poem might be taken as Mr. Poole's pate in Dillon's vision of social amelioration
text. “The meaning of this work is not sim-
through enhanced efficiency and the applica-
ple, but rather can be said to be of many sig- affairs. The hero, whose part in the drama is
tion of directive intelligence to industrial
nifications, that is, of several meanings; for
there is one meaning that is derived from the
that of a professional writer for newspapers
letter, and another that is derived from the ing into his mind, and becomes more and more
and magazines, gradually finds doubts creep-
things indicated by the letter. The first is
called literal, but the second allegorical or
swayed by sympathy with Kramer's material-
mystical." The author himself puts the mat-
istic aims and aspirations. To our mind there
is no doubt as to the ascendancy and ultimate
ter more bluntly when he makes his hero say,
triumph of Dillon's ideals, because they mean
near the end of the book: “I have seen three
the victory of intellectualism over emotional-
harbors: my father's harbor which is now
ism in human affairs, and it is something of a
dead, Dillon's harbor of big companies which
is very much alive, and Joe Kramer's harbor
disappointment that the hero should come to
waver between the two views. When we take
which is struggling to be born. It's an inter-
esting age to live in. I should like to write the
leave of him, he is struggling with a confused
sense that there is something big and unappre-
truth as I see it about each kind of harbor.'
hended in the cause of which Kramer has been
Of the first two harbors we should say that
Mr. Poole had written the truth; of the third,
the protagonist, and for which, as the ring-
leader of a riot of striking dockers, he has very
we are far from certain. The transition which
has taken place, within a generation, from the nearly forfeited his life to the law. The char-
acterization in the novel is fine, although the
age of competitive individual enterprise to the
two women (the hero's wife and sister) do not
age of organized efficiency, is clearly set before
quite take hold of our sympathies as we wish
us. The teller of the story, which is auto-
biographical in form, is the son of an old ship- two men who most influence him, are genuine
they might; but the hero, his father, and the
master and dock-owner, whose prime has seen
the great age of American shipping, and who, minds us strongly of the two novels of Mr.
creations. In style and temper, this book re-
in his declining years, has watched its disap- Albert Edwards, to say nothing of its being
pearance from the seas, and felt what seem to
concerned with the same sort of subject-
be the foundations of life crumble beneath his
matter.
feet. As the boy grows up, he comes under the
Turning from this vivid piece of modern
By Ernest Poole. New York: The Mac realism to Mr. James Lane Allen's “The
THE SWORD OF YOUTH. By James Lane Allen. New York:
Sword of Youth,” we are plunged into the
The Century Co.
very different atmosphere of sentimental ro-
THE MAN OF IRON.
Frederick A. Stokes Co.
mance, tinged with psychological subtlety, and
* THE HARBOR.
millan Co.
By“ Richard Dehan."
New York:


212
[March 18
THE DIAL
delighting in word-painting for its own sake. shown itself in those dead days I have tried to
The story is of the slightest, but, considering testify.
Could the relentless exponent of
the nature of some of Mr. Allen's recent per-
the fierce gospel of blood and iron have foreseen
formances, we may be glad that the book he
the imminent, approaching disintegration of his
now gives us has any story at all. Here is an
colossal life-work, under the hands of his suc-
cessors — could he have known what Dead Sea
episode of the Civil War, the story of a Ken-
fruit of ashes and bitterness his fatal creed,
tucky boy who, on his seventeenth birthday, grafted upon the oak of Germany, was fated to
determines to join the Confederate cause for bring forth — he would have drunk ere death of
which his father and four brothers have al the crimson lees of the Cup of Judgment; he
ready sacrificed their lives. To do this, he would have seen in the shape of his pupil the gro-
must forsake his sweetheart, and leave his tesque, distorted image of himself.”
mother to struggle alone with the difficulties Both this prophecy and this psychological
of an impoverished farm. Two years then judgment are probably true; and, although
elapse, and the boy, now a veteran soldier, is the author claims to have blotted no line of
with the Army of Northern Virginia, the for- her story in the light of recent happenings,
lorn last hope of the Confederacy, on the eve we may venture to assert that the last words
of the fall of Richmond and the end of all of the heroine to the Iron Chancellor have
things. A letter gets through to him with the been penned since the fatal first of August
information that his mother is dying, and an
of last year.
appeal to come to her before it is too late. He
“ You are not a good man, Monseigneur .
at once deserts, and reaches his Kentucky Hard, subtle, arrogant, cruel, and unscrupulous,
home only to find that it is too late. Then he God made you to be the Fate of France. One day
goes back to Lee's camp, makes his confession, she will lift up her face from the mire into which
and is pardoned. The end of the tale leaves you have trodden it, and the star will be burning
him in the arms of his betrothed. This is allunquenched upon her forehead. We may both he
of the story; it is eked out to novelistic volume
dead before that day dawns. But rest assured
by what we should call padding were it not
that when your armies cross the Rhine they will
the writing of so artistic a stylist and sugges-
not gain an easy victory! We shall be prepared
and ready, Monseigneur, when the Germans come
tive an intelligence as those of Mr. Allen. A
again!"
minor but irritating inaccuracy is the spelling These words come at the very close, when the
“Clarke" for the name of the explorer; a
more serious lapse is the implication that
heroine, after having cherished the ambition
to become a second Charlotte Corday, has
slavery no longer existed in Kentucky in the
heeded the scriptural injunction – “Ven-
autumn of 1863. Of course, the Declaration
had no application to the slave states that re-
geance is mine; I will repay" – and has been
stirred by compassion to save Bismarck's life
mained in the Union, and it was not until the
instead of destroying it, takes her leave of the
adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment that
sinister Man of Iron. The heroine is a French
the Kentucky slaves were legally emancipated. girl, noble and pure-souled, the daughter of a
Miss Clothilde Graves, who writes under the
French officer slain on the battle-field, and of
pen-name of "Richard Dehan," has added to
a wicked mother, who has trafficked in both
**The Dop Doctor” and “Between Two personal and patriotic honor, and who has
Thieves." a third novel of similar dimensions.
even sought to drag her own child into the
“The Man of Iron,” with Bismarck for its
maelstrom of corruption. The mother has just
central figure, treats of the Franco-Prussian
met a richly-merited fate, and the daughter is
War with the methods employed by “Between
on the way to England with the young Irish
Two Thieves” for the Crimean War. The journalist who has been her faithful lover
book has taken over two years to write (as well from the time when he first saw her, and to
it might!), according to the preface, which whom she has given her heart in gladness.
thus magniloquently states this simple fact: This Irishman, P. C. Breagh by name, is the
“For the second time, since this book's begin- hero of the story on its private and romantic
ning, the rose of June had flamed into splen- side, and plays his part acceptably to the
did bloom. I drew breath, for my task reader, if not much more than that. He is a
approached its ending, and looked up from the free-lance war correspondent, driven into that
yellowed newspaper records of a great War calling by the accident of having been swin-
waged forty-four years ago.” What she saw dled out of his inheritance by a rascally trus-
the world knows only too well. But, beholding tee. To make smooth his future, we are given
it, she further says:
to understand that the inheritance is eventu-
“I see no cause to blot a line that I have written. ally to be recovered. On the historical side,
For the Germany of 1870 was not the Germany the novel gives us vital characterizations of
of 1914. The New Spirit of Teutonism had not | Bismarck and Moltke, of the pathetic Prince
-
-".


1915]
213
THE DIAL
Imperial and of his tinsel emperor-father con- parent ribbon-like larvæ into the still smaller
cerning whom these burning words are writ black elvers which make their way back by
ten: "He had made France his mistress and some secret homing instinct from the open sea
his slave, and now her fetters were to be to the streams and lakes of the centre of the
hacked apart by the merciless sword of the continent. To the mechanist this is no more
invader. Through losses, privations, and hu-than the intricate unravelment of chemical
miliations; through an ordeal of suffering reaction, provided only he endows the fleeting
unparalleled in the world's history, through and ever-changing molecules of the eel, as they
an orgy of vice and an era of infidelity, come into and then forever leave its changing
through fresh oceans of blood shed from the body, with all the fundamental properties that
veins of her bravest, she was to pass before she the race of eels have accumulated in the ages
found herself and God again." This concep of their long evolution. Professor Thomson
tion of the Terrible Year as a divine judgment is a Neo-vitalist of an undogmatic sort, and he
upon a beloved but sinning nation is the key- has set forth an inviting array of problems for
note of the work, which is infused throughout his many materialistic confrères to consider.
(we need hardly say) by the deepest of relig Anything from his pen is sure to be interest-
ious feeling. Its war pictures are vivid tran- ing, to be marked by lucidity, by a spirit of
scripts of reality, its human figures have the candor, and by a clearly defined progress to
stamp of life upon them, and its decorative definite conclusions, or at least to a clear state-
features are the embodiment of minute and ment of the problem. Although deeply im-
comprehensive knowledge. It is all over bued with the philosophic significance of the
wrought, and this lack of restraint in both fact related, the work is not written in the
style and feeling is its chief defect. We think philosophic tone nor does it employ the phil-
it somewhat less impressive than “Between osophic vocabulary. It is a charming series of
Two Thieves,” but we would not willingly natural history word pictures, painted for the
have missed reading it.
most part in newly explored lands, and
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. sketched with a trained hand. These countless
illustrations of life's wonders are grouped
about seven main themes: the drama of life
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
with its primal impulses of hunger and love;
The test tube, the analytical the haunts of life, or the story of exploitation
Mysteries of
of the earth to its remotest nooks and corners;
balance, the scalpel, and the
the living world.
microscope have marvellously
the insurgence of life, or the circumvention of
enhanced man's knowledge of, and his mas-
space and the conquest of time by produc-
tery over, the forces of nature, enlarged his tivity, by adaptation to difficult conditions, by
understanding of his own structure and func- tenacity and plasticity, and by the mysterious
tions, and filled his quiver with new weapons
instinct of migration that guides the inexpe-
against foes seen and unseen. Nature is no
rienced fledgling across trackless wastes of
longer a sealed book, and superstitious fear
land and sea. Behavior of animals, or the
of her has forever been banished by men. In- / ways of life, are illustrated by the complex
deed, he scans the creeping caterpillar and
instincts of birds and insects, and the web of
turns it at will by his knowledge of its reac-
life by the intricate interrelations of flowers
tions to stimuli, and straightway proclaims and insects, of parasites and their hosts, by
mechanism as the all-sufficient and complete the story of pearls, and by the complex adapta-
explanation of the mystery of life. Those who
tions of the cuckoo, who foists her domestic
find the mechanistic conception of life satisfy cares upon other birds. The cycle of life is
ing, as well as those who question the adequacy illustrated by the various types of develop-
of its foundations and conclusions, will find in
ment under normal and experimental condi-
Professor J. Arthur Thomson's "The Wonder
tions, and includes a discussion of parental
of Life" (Holt) much food for rumination.
instincts, and of death. The closing chapter,
It is a series of glimpses into the structures,
on the wonder of life, is one of unusual inter-
functions, activities, habits, and instincts est which sums up and elaborates the distin-
which characterize living things, and distinguishing characteristics of organisms. It
guish them from the non-living world which ranges over a great variety of topics, from
does not trade with time and transmit its gains anaphallaxis and chemical individuality to
to its descendants. This is admirably shown sleep and phosphorescence, protective colora-
by the marvellous story of the fresh-water eel tion, mimicry, and transmission of acquired
which migrates from the Vistula to the deep characters, and closes with an illuminating, if
sea off Ireland for the purpose of spawning, not wholly conclusive, discussion of vitalism
and by the unique transformation of its trans as opposed to mechanism.


214
March 18
THE DIAL
The story of
the French
Revolution.
“This is an elementary book," are: Germany's major part in the develop-
says Mr. H. P. Adams in the ment of Harvard, the way the college attends
preface to his brief sketch of the to the intimate needs of its students, the illus-
French Revolution (McClurg). “It aims, trious names that have been connected with it,
above all, at making the story clear. Its other and
and the inimitableness of its collections.
purpose, no less important, is to indicate the There could not be a more inspiring chapter
present state of the chief problems associated in American education than the one in this
with the great Revolution." A book which book treating the origin, development, and
should really do what Mr. Adams aims to do, present status of Harvard's libraries. And
within the space which he has allowed him the story of the other collections (including
self, would be a notable event; it would be that of the glass flowers) does not lag in sug-
such a book as might be written by a man gestiveness. It is good for the soul to read of
possessed of the learning of Aulard, the in- the equipment for research with which Har-
sight of Carlyle, and the constructive and vard is endowed. The social life of the stu-
literary talent of, let us say, Mignet. In lieu dents, as it revolves around athletics and
of first-hand knowledge, Mr. Adams has read clubs, is set forth in a most enlightening way.
Acton, Sorel, Aulard, Kropotkin, Belloc, and There is nothing apologetic or patronizing in
the writers of the Cambridge Modern His this connection; the physical activities seem
tory." These are all very well in their way, to prevent dyspepsia and the social ones offish-
but they are so little agreed in their concep ness, so that all are pleased. The fact that
tions of the Revolution that however intelli- from one-half to two-thirds of the students
gently one may read them and Mr. Adams work their way, partly at least, through Har-
appears to have read them attentively enough) vard is viewed optimistically. Could not the
a sketch of the subject "based mainly" on impecunious do a little far-sighted borrow-
them is almost sure to lack precisely that merit ing while in college? The time is at most
which Mr. Adams seeks to attain, namely, short, and during this brief space Sauls are
clearness. Certainly one must have not only a supposed to be metamorphosed into Pauls.
pretty good first-hand knowledge of the Revo-But students have a way the country over of
lution, but a considerable appreciation of the answering this and similar questions to their
influences that have given us such varied inter own apparent satisfaction, and it is their
pretations of it, before it is possible to recon affair. If the author of this book thinks that
cile Aulard, Kropotkin, and the "writers of students at Harvard act wisely, the reader is
the Cambridge Modern History." To two almost forced to agree, for he sees that Har-
parts of Kropotkin, Mr. Adams has apparently vard did well by him. The volume was writ-
added one part of Aulard and one of what col ten with care and love. It contains a great
lege students know best as “Mr. Cambridge. mass of detailed information presented in the
The mixture has been well stirred, and spiced orthodox Harvard tone: dignified, measured,
with certain generalizations of the author's truth-bearing, unhumorous. Arranged as the
own brewing. But the trouble is that the chapters are, there is an occasional repetition;
ingredients do not combine, and the result is the traditional Harvard use of the fine-tooth
far from clear. Fortunately, it is no crime to comb as a searching instrument occurs (it
write an unsatisfactory book about the French reminds one too much of Murillo); and there
Revolution; and if "the readers for whom is at least one slip: on page 19 Harvard Hall
[the book] is intended” are such as like to is said to have burned down on February 2,
read about the Revolution without going be- | 1764, while on page 237 the same disaster is
yond text books and brief manuals, they will reported to have taken place on January 24,
find here, as the author expresses a hope that | 1764. But these are trivialities which the
they may, “something essentially differing author would indubitably have attended to
from what they can get from the excellent had he lived to revise his manuscript. All in
hand books of similar size that exist.'
all, this is at once an inspiring and an instruc-
tive account of the way in which America's
The late John Hays Gardiner's best-known university makes men out of hovs
An appraisement volume Harvard in the
and scholars out of men.
of Harvard.
"American Colleges and Uni-
versities Series" (Oxford Press) is not a con-
The name of the late Dr. Roswell
Essays and
ventional history; it is an impressive account addresses of a
Park, of Buffalo, became widely
of the institution that was practically created
famous surgeon. known to the general public at
by President Eliot during the forty years of the time of President McKinley's assassination
his administration. Some of the items that at the Pan-American Exposition. Holding the
stick in memory after the book has been read office of Medical Director of the Exposition,
on


1915)
215
THE DIAL
America's
art museum.
and being also Professor of Surgery in the Vickers has had the specialist as well as the
University of Buffalo and Surgeon-in-Chief to reader in mind. Certainly the decorations of
the Buffalo General Hospital, as well as an history, dramatic and picturesque details, he
acknowledged leader in his profession, he was has employed with economy. One may read
naturally called upon to minister to the dis well into the narrative of Agincourt without
tinguished visitor. His absence from the city, realizing it; but one is bound to admit that
however, made it necessary that another hand the casual account is probably better history
should perform the immediate operation de than eloquence or dramatic writing after the
manded by the exigencies of the case. His event. Nil admirari and personal detachment
subsequent endeavors to save the patient's life mark the book; and if few will sit down to
and his disappointment and distress at failure | read the work through, leisure permitting,
are matters of history. It is to his pen
that we
others will find themselves coming back to it
owe the “ Selected Papers, Surgical and Scien- for what is, on the whole, the best narrative of
tific," chosen for publication by two of his the period yet put together from confused and
colleagues, and issued to subscribers. One of often contradictory masses of record. Par-
these colleagues, Dr. Charles G. Stockton, has ticularly to be commended are the maps of
prepared a memoir of Dr. Park, with which campaigns at the end of the volume.
the volume opens, and the surgeon's son Julian
contributes a brief preface and otherwise coöp-
In form and appearance befit-
erates in the editorship of the volume. From foremost ting its subject, "A History of
papers on cancer, a subject of special study, to
the Metropolitan Museum of
an inquiry into the ultimate substance or Art” (Duffield), by Miss Winifred E. Howe,
force composing the universe, the writer presents in considerable detail, and with a
shows a wide range of interests and attain preliminary chapter on the early art institu-
ments; and the clearness and simplicity with tions of New York, a chronological account of
which, even to a layman, he succeeds in con the now splendid collection started nearly half
veying his meaning render his writings attrac a century ago through the activity of a group
tive beyond the circle of those to whom most of of New York art-lovers, notably enriched some
them are primarily addressed. The picture of decades later by the discriminating generosity
the man himself, in Dr. Stockton's memoir, of the late J. Pierpont Morgan, fourth presi-
is by no means the least interesting feature of dent of the Museum and most zealous and
the volume. A portrait of a more literal sort intelligent promoter of its fortunes, and, since
than this literary one faces the title-page. 1910, under the able directorship of Mr.
Edward Robinson, in succession to Sir Caspar
Macaulay found but one fault in
Purdon Clarke. A preface of more than a
England in
his favorite Thucydides,-a too
perfunctory character is contributed by Mr.
Middle Ages.
close adherence to narrative.
Robert W. De Forest, who for more than a
Since Macaulay's day experiments in histori-
quarter of a century has been a trustee of the
cal writing have been tried in which the con-
Museum and has served it in various capaci-
secutive statement of particular events has
ties. The preliminary account of the city's
been broken for purposes of exposition, or
early institutions of art is a notable contribu-
philosophy, or what not. For the serious stu tion to local history, filling a third of the
dent of history such an excursus, breaking the
volume. Prepared before the publication of
narrative, is less enlightening than might be
the recent biography of Samuel F. B. Morse,
expected. “England in the Later Middle first president of the National Academy of
Ages,” by Professor Kenneth H. Vickers, of
Design and otherwise prominent in New
the University of Durham, has been criticized York's early endeavors to become an art
as lacking in such “philosophical” passages.
centre, the chapter could not avail itself of the
From this criticism we dissent; there was a
considerable relevant material that excellent
noticeable need of a book covering the period biography contains; but it appears to be a
from 1272 to 1485 in narrative form, and ad thorough and trustworthy piece of work
hering as closely as possible to the sources.
within the limits of its design. Many por-
Such a book the third volume of "A History
traits and other illustrations suitably enrich
of England” (Putnam) in seven volumes un-
the volume.
der the general editorship of Professor Oman
In “War and Insurance" (Mac-
turns out to be. Sources only recently avail-
millan), Professor Josiah Royce
able are referred to constantly. It is no easy
has applied his pet theory of
matter to satisfy the specialist and the gen dyadic and triadic relations to international
eral reader in the treatment of these two cen affairs. The dyadic relations of man to man he
turies: in the adoption of his style Professor considers unstable and fraught with danger:
the later
War and
the insurance
relation.


216
(March 18
THE DIAL
“A pair of men is what I may call an essen-
In “The English Parish
The flower of
tially dangerous community.” He speaks of it medieval church Church" (Scribner) Mr. J.
as a law that this dual relation produces fric-
architecture.
Charles Cox has written, out of
tion, and that this friction tends to increase; fulness of knowledge, an admirable brief
and goes on to say that the deepest reason why manual for the amateur. It is, as the sub-
war is so persistent is that nations, thus far in title proclaims, "an account of the chief
history, are related chiefly in pairs. This would building types and their materials during nine
be altered by triads, which, like the normal centuries,
centuries," broadly considering the church
family - father, mother, and child,- consist fabric as a whole rather than individual
of a group of three parties. In the family forms of detail. It is in this respect that it
triad, the winning and common care for the contrasts with the more minute treatments of
child may charm away many of the influences Mr. Bond, whereas it supplements Mr. Cram's
that threaten to wreck the unity of the home. portfolio of views through its enlightening
Similarly in any triadic group the interme text. Especially vital is the chapter on the
diary, corresponding to the child in the fam- gradual growth of church plans. The illus-
ily, transforms the dangerous pair into a trations, though small, are many and unhack-
harmonious triad, and gives stability and neyed, selected with a knowledge of the
peace.
Such a group of three Professor buildings and of the literature which is aston-
Royce calls a “community of interpretation.' ishingly wide. It is the parish church rather
Besides the family we have such communities than the cathedral which is the flower of En-
of interpretation in the judicial triad (com-glish mediæval church architecture.
plainant, defendant, judge), the banking triad tourist and the student this little volume will
(investor, borrower, banker), and the insur-
prove an excellent guide.
ance triad (adventurer, beneficiary, insurer).
Of all relations and practical communities yet
· devised, the insurance relations and communi-
BRIEFER MENTION.
ties most tend to bring peace on earth. No
adequate effort has been made to further The “Useful Reference Series published by
peace through an application of the insurer's the Boston Book Company has two unquestionably
community to international business. This useful recent additions in Mr. Axel Moth's
Professor Royce advocates, and he believes, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Swed-
“ Glossary of Library Terms: English, Danish,
notwithstanding the difficulties discussed in
ish," and Miss Katharine H. Wead's “List of
his introduction, that the proposal is practical.
Series and Sequels for Juvenile Readers." These
are in pamphlet form and constitute numbers ten
How well French scholarship
and eleven, respectively, of the series.
A mediæval
story in
Technicalities remote and obscure, slang expres-
might teach America to unite
the power of learning with the
sions, archaic terms, and unusual phrases of all
sorts are contained in the index to Mr. Ralph
forces of daily life has often enough been
Durand's “ Handbook to the Poetry of Rudyard
shown; yet seldom more clearly than when Kipling” (Doubleday). The index alone should
M. Joseph Bédier, now foremost among au convince anyone that a Kipling handbook satisfies
thorities on the mediæval romances, con a real need. The book itself further justifies the
structed from several versions a story of assumption. It is more than a mere glossary of
Tristan and Iseult which is essentially faithful terms: it is brimful of information about the
to tradition, and yet suited to the demands of unheard-of things with which Mr. Kipling whets
modern taste, and to the likings of the modern
the curiosity of his readers - - just the information,
reader.
in fact, that every Kipling enthusiast wants.
adapted by this eminent scholar, having been
the Works of Edgar Allan Poe, first published in
crowned by the French Academy, has since
1895 in ten volumes, is now re-issued by Messrs.
attracted the services of skilful translators,
Scribner in their “Library of Modern Authors."
one of them Mr. Hilaire Belloc, whose version It has been reset in larger type and printed from
is published in this country by Messrs. Dodd, new plates on paper bearing the author's initials
Mead & Co. The English translation has in in water-mark; the bibliography has been brought
some quarters been even more highly praised down to date, the matter pertaining to the por-
in point of style than M. Bédier's adaptation,
traits rearranged, and the text, re-examined by
though his skill in French is great. If the
Professor Woodberry, has been revised in the few
praise be too high, it nevertheless serves as a
immaterial points where it has been found wanting.
The scholarly critical notes, subjected to the same
vigorous recommendation of a fascinating
careful re-examination, have been retained. Ex-
book. May the volume come into the hands
cellent in every detail of book manufacture, this
of everyone who knows the tale of Tristan
becomes without question the definitive edition of
only through the medium of Wagner!
Poe.
modern dress.
Le Roman de Tristan et Iseut, as the well-known Stedman-Woodberry edition of


1915)
217
THE DIAL
NOTES.
When M. Berger's Life of William Blake ap-
peared in France several years ago, Swinburne
A volume of “ Cornish Plays” by Mrs. Havelock
hastened to acclaim it as the “last word” on the
Ellis will be published next month by Messrs.
poet and mystic. The work has now been trans-
Houghton Miffin Co.
lated into English and will be published this
Maxim Gorky is writing the recollections of his month by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
early years, which will appear in the spring under
Professor Joseph Jastrow's studies in experi-
the title of “My Childhood.”
mental and comparative psychology, embodying his
“ The Limitations of Science," by Professor findings on the development of the individual and
Louis T. More, is a volume which Messrs. Henry social nature, will appear this spring under the
Holt & Co. expect to issue in May.
title of " Character and Temperament,” with the
“ Songs from the Clay” is the title of a new imprint of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
volume of poems by Mr. James Stephens, which
“Hellenic Civilization," by Dr. G. W. Botsford
Messrs. Macmillan will soon publish.
and Dr. E. G. Sihler, is the first volume of a new
The scenes of Mr. Joseph Conrad's forthcoming series of sources and studies covering the entire
novel “ Victory are laid on an island in the South- history of western civilization. The series will be
ern Pacific, and much of its action is on the sea. entitled “Records of Civilization," and will be
A new African book, “ The Rediscovered Coun issued by the Columbia University Press.
try," by Mr. Stewart Edward White is promised In “ The Modern Study of Literature," which
for spring publication by Messrs. Doubleday, Page will come from the University of Chicago Press,
& Co.
the author, Dr. Richard Green Moulton, offers an
A volume by Professor H. Walker on “ The introduction to literary theory and interpretation,
English Essay and Essayists" will soon be added to aiming to show how literature may maintain its
Messrs. Dutton's " Channels of English Literature" place in the foremost ranks of modern study.
series.
During the spring two volumes of plays will be
Baron Paul Benjamin D'Estournelles de Con-
added to Mr. Mitchell Kennerley's “ Modern
stant, the well-known pacificist, has written a book
Drama Series." They are “The Lonely Way:
entitled “America and Her Problems,” which the Interlude: Countess Mizzi," from the German of
Macmillan Co. will publish this spring.
Arthur Schnitzler, and “Lovers: The Free
“ The Second Odd Number" is a book of stories Woman: They," from the French of Maurice
translated from the French of Guy de Maupassant Donnay.
by Mr. Charles Henry White which Messrs. Hạr An English version is soon to be published of
per are adding to their “ Odd Number Series."
one of Maeterlinck's earlier and less familiar
In “ New Cosmopolis," which will be published works, “ Serres Chaudes." The poems have been
before long by Messrs. Scribner, Mr. James Hune translated in their original metres by Mr. Bernard
ker gives intimate accounts of the fundamental Miall, who has also contributed a preface on their
features of New York as seen by artist and critic. place in contemporary letters in Maeterlinck's own
In “ James Russell Lowell as a Critic," which literary career.
Messrs. Putnam will publish immediately, Mr. Mr. Arnold Bennett is at work on the com-
Joseph J. Reilly raises the question whether or not pleting volume of the trilogy which he began in
Lowell can be called a critic and answers it in the 1910 with “ Clayhanger," and continued in 1911
negative.
with “ Hilda Lessways"; and he hopes to publish
Augustus De Morgan's “Budget of Paradoxes” it next autumn. Meantime his English publishers
has been edited and revised by Mr. David Eugene are bringing out a new edition of his romance of
Smith and is announced for spring publication in the divorce problem, “ Whom God Hath Joined "
two large octavo volumes by the Open Court Pub originally published in 1906.
lishing Co.
The publishing business of Messrs. Browne &
Among the March novels announced by Messrs. Howell Co., Chicago, has been taken over by Mr.
Scribner are Mr. Maurice Hewlett's “A Lover's Frank L. Howell, long associated with the old com-
Tale," Mr. Gouverneur Morris's “ The Seven Dar pany, and will be conducted under the name of The
lings," and "August First," by Mrs. Mary Ray Howell Co. (not inc.), with general offices at 608
mond Shipman Andrews and Mr. Roy Irving South Dearborn St., Chicago. It will be the aim of
Murray.
the new company to maintain the high standard of
During the spring two new volumes will be added publishing set by the older concern. New publica-
to the “National Social Science Series," which tions for the spring will shortly be announced.
Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. are publishing. They Two books of special interest to come from the
are " The Cost of Living," by Mr. Walter E. Clark, Oxford University Press are“ Mark Rutherford's "
and “ Trusts and Competition,” by Mr. John F. “Last Pages from a Journal,” which has been
Crowell.
prepared for the press by Mrs. Hale White, and
Dr. William Healy Dall has prepared a biog the late Mr. W. P. Courtney's “ Bibliography of
raphy of one of America's most prominent nat Samuel Johnson." Mr. Courtney spent an im-
uralists, Spencer Fullerton Baird, which will also mense amount of labor on this task, which he did
contain selections from his correspondence with not live to finish, but his manuscript has had the
Audubon, Agassiz, Dana, and others. Messrs. J. B. benefit of revision at the hands of Mr. D. Nicol
Lippincott Co. are the publishers.
Smith.


218
(March 18
THE DIAL
“ Writers of the Day” is a new series announced "A History of Travel in America," by Mr.
by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. the aim of which is Seymour Dunbar, is announced for immediate
to present brief yet comprehensive estimates of au publication by Messrs. Bobbs-Merrill Co. It is
thors while they are yet alive. To the first group primarily a story of pioneer conditions, the story
of titles now in preparation belong Mr. J. D. of the wilderness road, prairie schooner, dog-sled,
Beresford's “H. G. Wells," Mr. Hugh Walpole's and pack-train; but it is more than that, for in
“ Joseph Conrad,” Mr. W. L. George's "Anatole tracing the development of travel to the highly
France," Miss Sheila Kaye-Smith's “ John Gals organized railway systems of to-day it becomes a
worthy," and Mr. Stephen Gwynn's “Mrs. study of the nation's social and economic evolu-
Humphry Ward."
tion involved in the process. To the large mass of
The forthcoming translation of Treitschke's
detailed information are added numerous photo-
History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century
graphic reproductions of rare early prints, broad-
recently announced in these columns is the joint sides, and obscure documents and manuscripts. The
undertaking of Messrs. McBride, Nast & Co. of
work will comprise four large volumes.
New York and Messrs. Jarrold & Sons of London. New light is thrown on the business world of
The translator is Dr. M. E. Paul, and the editor early Babylonia in a book about to be published
is Mr. William H. Dawson, author of “The Evo in the “ Columbia University Oriental Studies,"
lution of Modern Germany." Mr. Dawson will entitled “Sumerian Records from Drehem,” by Dr.
write the supplementary volume of the series, W. M. Nesbit. The work contains a collection of
which is to be issued in seven volumes.
inscribed clay tablets recovered from Drehem, near
The posthumous book by the late Sister Nivedita, the city of Nippur, where expeditions from the
which Messrs. Longmans will have ready imme- University of Pennsylvania have carried on exca-
diately under the title of “ Footfalls of Indian His vations since 1888. These particular tablets, how-
tory," deals with the re-interpretation of the great ever, with others, were discovered at Drehem by
ages of the past of India, especially in relation to Arabs and surreptitiously removed before the
the social and religious consciousness of the people.
Turkish authorities could claim them for the
It will be illustrated in color from water-colors Constantinople Museum. They were afterwards dis-
by Abanindra Nath Tagore, and two other members tributed among various private collectors, the col-
of the School of Indian Painters which has grown
lection now dealt with being eventually secured for
up under his inspiration at Calcutta.
Dr. Nesbit by Professor Gottheil, of Columbia Uni-
Russian literature figures prominently in the versity.
spring announcements of English publishers. We Dr. Georg Brandes has finished his great biog-
note in particular a new edition of Gogol's “ Dead raphy of Goethe, and the work is announced for
Souls," with a preface by Mr. Stephen Graham. publication this spring. It is now nearly thirty
Another of the great Russian realist novels, “ The years since the Danish critic gave his first series of
Golovleffs," by Shchedrin (Saltikov), is to appear lectures on Goethe, so that the coming biography
for the time in an English translation. Other will contain the results of a study that has lasted
announcements include a translation by J. E. almost for a generation. In an interview, Dr.
Hogarth of Andreiev's play, “ The Life of Man," Brandes stated that his book has been written from
which enjoyed a long run at the Arts Theatre in a European rather than a German point of view,
Moscow.
and that its plan differs as much from all existing
The next batch of volumes to appear in Messrs. biographies of Goethe as Goethe's own system of
Holt's “Home University Library” will comprise botany does from that of Linnæus. He does not
a study of Milton, by Mr. John Bailey, whose expect that his book will be well received in Ger-
Johnson and his Circle” is already among the many, and he is afraid that the bitterness caused
most successful volumes in the library; a “History by the war will prevent it from having any great
of Philosophy," by Mr. Clement C. J. Webb; success in England or France. He has hopes, how-
“Political Thought in England, from Herbert ever, that it will find readers in America.
Spencer to the Present Day," by Mr. Ernest
“I have often thought,” says a writer in the
Barker; and “ Belgium," by Mr. R. C. K. Ensor, London “Nation," " that an interesting parallel
who deals with his subject both from the historical could be drawn between contemporary Belgian lit-
and the descriptive standpoint, with maps illus-
erature and that of Ireland. Both owe a good deal
trating past and present campaigns.
to a more or less self-conscious movement started
Short and carefully-considered lists of note by a few men in the 'eighties and ’nineties of the
worthy books in various departments of literature last century. In both cases there are the two
are compiled and issued at short intervals by the languages, each modifying and influencing the
New York Public Library, the works named being literature produced in the other, and if neither
selected from its own resources. For instance, Irish nor Flemish has produced a writer who can
there have lately appeared little paper book bibli- compel attention, the Belgian writers of French
ographies of “Stories of Romance and Imagina and the Irish writers of English are deeply in-
tion," “ Stories of the Sea” (romance and fact), debted to the other tongue. And against the
“Plays of Thirteen Countries,” “Favorite Stories realist, and sometimes brutal, Camille Lemonnier,
of the Library Reading Clubs," and, finally, of Ireland can place Mr. George Moore, while the
books dealing mostly with real life, but " as inter-weight of critical opinion would undoubtedly class
esting as a novel,” which much-used phrase is M. Verhaeren and Mr. W. B. Yeats as the two
utilized as title.
greatest living poets."


1915)
219
THE DIAL
-
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
Some eleven hundred titles, representing
the output of nearly sixty American pub-
lishers, are included this year in THE DIAL'S
annual List of Books Announced for Spring
Publication, herewith presented. We have not
endeavored to list works of strictly techno-
logical character; and new editions are not
included unless having new form or matter.
Otherwise the list is a fairly complete and (so
far as the data supplied us by the various
publishers may be depended upon) an accu-
rate summary of American publishing activ-
ities from the beginning of February well into
the summer.
Mrs. Eliza Haywood, by George F. Whicher, Ph.D.;
Robert Greene, by John Clark Jordan, Ph.D.;
Froissart and the English Chronicle Play, by Robert
M. Smith, Ph.D.-- Studies in Romance and Philol-
ogy, new vols.: Li Romans dou Lis, by Frederick
C. Ostrander.- Germanic Studies, new vol.: The
Soliloquy in German Drama, by Erwin W. Roessler,
Ph.D., paper $1. net.-- Indo-Iranian Series, new
vol. : The Sanskrit Poems of Mayura, edited by
G. Payn Quackenbos, A.M. (Columbia University
Press.)
Critical Essays of the Eighteenth Century, by William
H. Durham, Ph.D., $1.75 net.- Journeys to Bagdad,
essays on nature and literature, by Charles S. Brooks.
(Yale University Press.)
The Study of Shakespeare, by Henry Thew Stephen-
son, $1.25 net. — Writers of the Day Series, first
vols.: H. G. Wells, by J. D. Beresford; Joseph
Conrad, by Hugh Walpole; Anatole France, by
W. L. George; William De Morgan, by Mrs. Sturge
Gretton; John Galsworthy, by Sheila Kaye-Smith;
Mrs. Humphry Ward, by Stephen Gwynn; per vol.
50 cts. net.- Home University Library, new vol.:
An Outline of Russian Literature, by Maurice Bar-
ing, 50 cts. net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Channels of English Literature Series, new vol.: The
English Essay and Essayists, by Hugh Walker,
LL.D., $1.50 net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Art and Craft of Letters Series, first vols.: Satire,
by Gilbert Cannan; The Epic, by Lascelles Aber-
crombie; History, by R. H. Gretton; Comedy, by
John Palmer; each 40 cts, net. (George H. Doran
Co.)
When a Man Comes to Himself, by Woodrow Wilson,
50 cts. net. (Harper & Brothers.)
Is there a Shakespeare Problem ? a reply to Mr. J. M.
Robertson and Mr. Andrew Lang, by G. G. Green-
wood, M.P., $3, net. (John Lane Co.)
A History of Latin Literature, by Marcus Dimsdale,
$2. net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
George Bernard Shaw, Harlequin or Patriot 8 by John
Palmer, 50 cts. net. (Century Co.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Unpublished Prose and Letters, by the late John Muir.
The Breath of Life, by John Burroughs, $1.50
net.— The Greatest of Literary Problems, a study
and review, historical and critical, of the Bacon-
Shakespeare question, by James Phinney Baxter,
illus., $5. net.-- Representative Phi Beta Kappa
Addresses, edited by Clark S. Northup, $3. net.
Stories and Poems, and other uncollected writings,
by Bret Harte, compiled by Charles Meeker Koz-
lay, Riverside edition, $1.50 net, Overland edition,
$1.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
New Cosmopolis, fundamental features of New York,
by James Huneker, $1.50 net. - The Little Man, and
other satires, by John Galsworthy, $1.30 net.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Contemporary Portraits, by Frank Harris, illus., $2.50
net.- R. L. Stevenson, a critical study, by Frank
Swinnerton, with photogravure frontispiece, $2.50
net.- Rudyard Kipling, a critical study, by Cyril
Falls, with photogravure frontispiece, $2.50_net.-
The World of H. G. Wells, by Van Wyck Brooks,
$1.25 net. (Mitchell Kennerley.)
Mary Russell Mitford, correspondence with Charles
Boner and John Ruskin, edited by Elizabeth Lee,
illus., $2.75 net. (Rand, McNally & Co.)
Lowell as a Critic, by Joseph J. Reilly.- The French
Revolution and the English Novel, by Allene Greg-
ory, $1.75 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Modern Study of Literature, by Richard Green
Moulton, $2.50 net. (University of Chicago Press.)
Chaucer and His Poetry, by George Lyman Kittredge,
Litt.D., $1.25 net.— Medieval Spanish Allegory, by
Chandler Rathfon Post, Ph.D., illus., $2.50 net.-
The Supernatural in Tragedy, by Charles Edward
Whitmore, Ph.D. (Harvard University Press.)
The Salon and English Letters, by Chauncey Brewster
Tinker.- Parsival, retold as an allegory of life by
Gerhardt Hauptmann, trans. by Oakley Williams.
(Macmillan Co.)
Oxford Historical and Literary Studies, new vols.:
A Bibliography of Samuel Johnson, by W. P. Court-
ney, revised and seen through the press by D. Nichol
Smith; Selected Writings of Henry Tubbe, edited
from unpublished mss. by G. C. Moore Smith. - The
Greek Genius and Its Meaning to Us, by R. W.
Livingstone, second edition. (Oxford University
Press.)
Columbia University Studies in English and Compara-
tive Literature, new vols.: The Ballade, by Helen
Louise Cohen, Ph.D.; The Life and Romances of
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of Clara Barton, by Percy Epler, illus.-
A Life of Napoleon, by James Morgan, illus. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Ralph Waldo Emerson, by Oscar W. Firkins, $1.75 net.
- The Life of Edward Rowland Sill, by William
Belmont Parker, illus., $1.75 net.- Kitchener, or-
ganizer of victory, by Harold Begbie, illus., $1.25
net.— The Secret of an Empress, by the Countess
Zanardi Landi, illus., $4, net. - The Fall of Mary
Stuart, by Frank A. Mumby, $3. net. (Houghton
Mifflin Co.)
William Blake, poet and mystic, by P. Berger, $5. net.
Saint Clare of Assisi, by E. Gilliatt-Smith, $3.50
net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Life of Nietzsche, by Frau Förster-Nietzsche,
trans. by A. M. Ludovici and Paul V. Cohn, Vol. II.,
The Lonely Nietzsche, illus., $4. net. (Sturgis &
Walton Co.)
Historical Portraits, 1700 to 1800, The Lives, by
C. R. L. Fletcher, the portraits chosen by Emery
Walker, 2 vols.- Lord Selkirk's Work in Canada,
by Chester Martin.— Burdy's Life of the Rev. Philip
Skelton, 1792, with Introduction by Norman Moore.
Last Pages from a Journal, by Mark Rutherford,
edited by his wife.— Life of Barnave, by E. D.
Bradby.- John Williams, Shipbuilder, by Basil
Mathews, illus.- Rambles and Recollections of an


220
[March 18
THE DIAL
Indian Official, by W. H. Sleeman, revised edition by
Vincent A. Smith. (Oxford University Press.)
Nollekens and His Times, by John Thomas Smith, first
illustrated edition, edited, with biographical Intro-
duction, notes, and index, by Wilfred Whitten, 2
vols., $7.50 net.- Some of the Correspondence of
Sir Arthur Helps, K.C.B., by E. A. Helps, illus., $5.
net.— The Life of John Wilkes, by Horace Bleack-
ley, illus., $5. net.-- And That Reminds Me, by
Stanley Coxon, illus., $3.50 net.- A Painter of
Dreams, biographical sketches of notable person-
ages of an age long past, by A. M. W. Stirling, illus.,
$3.50 net.- A Playmate of Philip II., being the
history of Don Martin of Aragon, Duke of Villa-
hermosa, and of Dona Luisa de Borgia, his wife,
by Lady Moreton, illus., $3. net.-- The Story of
Napoleon's Death-mask, by G. L. De St. M. Watson,
illus., $2. net.- Granville Bantock, by H. Orsmond
Anderton, $1. net. (John Lane Co.)
Memories of Forty Years, by Princess Catherine Rad-
ziwell, illus., $3,75 net.- The Berlin Court under
William II., by Axel von Schwering, illus., $3.75 net.
(Funk & Wagnalls Co.)
Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, by A. J. Anderson,
illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net.-- The Jolly
Duchess, Harriott, Duchess of St. Albans, fifty years'
record of stage and society, 1787 to 1837, by Charles
E. Pearce, illus., $4. net - The Story of Dorothy
Jordan, by Clare Jerrold, illus., $4. net.-- Romances
of the Peerage, by Thomas Hall, illus., $3.75 net.
- Memoirs of the Duke de St. Simon, trans, and
edited by Francis Arkwright, 6 vols., each illus., per
vol., $3,75 net.— Napoleon the Gaoler, by Edward
Fraser, $1.75 net.-- Friedrich Nietzsche, his life and
work, by M. A. Mügge, $1.50 net. (Brentano's.)
The Confessions of Frederick the Great, and Treitsch-
ke's “Life of Frederick,” edited, with topical and
historical Introduction, by Douglas Sladen, $1.25
net.-—- John Shaw Billings, a memoir, by Fielding H.
Garrison, M.D., $2.50 net.— The Life of Henry
Laurens, by D. D. Wallace, $3.50 net.— Alfred the
Great, maker of England, 848 to 899 A, D., by Bea-
trice A. Lees, $2.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Spencer Fullerton Baird, with selections from his cor-
respondence with Audubon, Agassiz, Dana, and
others, by William Healey Dall, D.Sc., illus., $3.50
net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Forty Years in Canada, by S. B. Steele, with Introduc-
tion by Lord Strathcona, illus., $5. net.—- Rabin-
dranath Tagore, the man and his poetry, by Basanta
Koomar Roy, illus., $1.25 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The German Emperor as Shown in His Public Utter-
ances, by Christian Gauss, with portraits, $1.25 net.
- John and Sarah, Duke and Duchess of Marlbor-
ough, 1680 to 1744, by Stuart J. Reed, with Intro-
duction by the Duke of Marlborough, K.G., illus.,
$4. net.- Bernadotte, the first phase, by Dunbar
Plunket Barton, illus., $3.75 net. (Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons.)
My Life out of Prison, by Donald Lowrie, $1.50 net.
(Mitchell Kennerley.)
American Crisis Biographies, new vol.: Ulysses S.
Grant, by Franklin S. Edmonds, with portrait, $1.25
net. (George W. Jacobs Co.)
Confessions of a Clergyman, anonymous, $1.50 net.
(McBride, Nast & Co.)
Napoleon I., by August Fournier, trans. from the
French by A. E. Adams, with Introduction by H. A.
L. Fisher, popular edition, 2 vols., $3.50 net. (Henry
Holt & Co.)
Tolstoi, the man and his message, by Edward A.
Steiner, new edition, illus., $1.50 net. (Fleming H.
Revell Co.)
HISTORY.
The Riverside History of the United States, compris-
ing: Beginnings of the American People, by Carl
Becker; Union and Democracy, by Allen Johnson;
Expansion and Conflict, by W. E. Dodd; The New
Nation, by F. L. Paxson; per vol., $1.75 net.- In-
tervention and Colonization in Africa, by N. Dwight
Harris, $2. net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
The French in the Heart of America, by John Finley,
$2.50 net.- Narratives of the Insurrections, 1675 to
1691, edited by C. H. Andrews, $3. net.- A Short
History of the Canadian People, by George Bryce,
illus., $3. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century,
by Heinrich von Treitschke, trans. by M. E. Paul,
to be completed in seven vols., Vol. I., $3. net.
(McBride, Nast & Co.)
The Spanish Dependencies in South America, 1550 to
1730, by Bernard Moses, 2 vols., $5. net. (Harper
& Brothers.)
The Writings of John Quincy Adams, edited by Worth-
ington C. Ford, Vol. V. (Macmillan Co.)
A History of Poland, by Robert Howard Lord, Ph.D.
-- English Field Systems, by Howard Levi Gray,
Ph.D. - Wraxalles Abridgment of the New York
Indian Records, 1678 to 1751, edited by Charles
Howard McIlwain, Ph.D. (Harvard University
Press.)
The Slaveholding Indian Series, to be completed in 3
vols., Vol. I., The American Indian as Slaveholder
and Secessionist, an omitted chapter in the diplo-
matic history of the Southern Confederacy, by Annie
Heloise Abel, illus., $5. net. The Founding of a
Nation, the story of the Pilgrim Fathers, by Frank
M. Gregg, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net. (Arthur H.
Clark Co.)
Rome of To-day and Yesterday, the pagan city, by
John Dennie, illus., $3.50 net.- Lee's Dispatches,
the unpublished dispatches of General Robert E. Lee
to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the
Confederate states of America, 1862 to 1865, edited,
with Introduction, by Douglas Southall Freeman.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812, by Edward
Foord, illus., $4. net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom, by Hendrik Willem
Van Loon, illus., $2.50 net. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Carranza and Mexico, by Carlo de Fornaro, with chap-
ters by I. C. Enriquez, Charles Ferguson, and M. C.
Rolland, illus., $1.25 net. (Mitchell Kennerley.)
Records of Civilization Series, first vol.: Hellenic
Civilization, by G. W. Botsford, Ph.D., and E. G.
Sihler, Ph.D. — Columbia University Oriental Stud-
ies, new vol.: The History of the City of Tyre, by
Wallace B. Fleming, Ph.D. (Columbia University
Press.)
Behind the Scenes in the Reign of Terror, by Hector
Fleischmann, illus., $4. net. (Brentano's.)
Makers of New France, by Charles Dawbarn, illus.,
$2.50 net. (James Pott & Co.)
Famous Days and Deeds in Holland and Belgium, by
Charles Morris, illus., $1.25 net. (J. B. Lippincott
Co.)
Home University Library, new vol.: The Ancient
East, by D. G. Hogarth, F.S.A., 50 cts. net. (Henry
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Edwin Puller, illus., $1. net. (Methodist Book Con-
cern.)
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
A Bibliography of Municipal Government, by William
Bennett Munro, LL.D., $4. net. (Harvard Univer-
sity Press.)
The American Year Book, edited by Francis G. Wick-
ware, $3. net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Writings on American History, 1913, a bibliography
of books and articles on United States and Cana-
dian History published during the year 1913, com:
piled by Grace Gardner Griffin, $2. net. (Yale Uni.
versity Press.)
Complete Guide to Public Speaking, by Grenville
Kleiser, $5. net.-- Funk & Wagnalls Desk Standard
Dictionary, illus., $1.50 net.— Funk & Wagnalls
High School Standard Dictionary, $1.50 net. (Funk
& Wagnalls Co.)
Bibliographical Society of America, papers, edited by
A. G. S. Josephson, $2. net. (University of Chi-
cago Press.)
Tabular Views of Universal History, a series of chron.
ological tables of events from earliest times to 1914,
compiled by George Palmer Putnam, A.M., and con-
tinued to date by George Haven Putnam, revised
and enlarged edition, $2.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's
Sons.)
Debating for Boys, by William Horton Foster, $1. net.
– Historical Chart of the European Nations, de-
signed by George E. Croscup, 50 cts. net. (Sturgis
& Walton Co.)
Laird & Lee's Standard Danish-Norwegian-English,
English-Danish-Norwegian Dictionary, by Henry
Nissen, cloth 50 cts. net, leather $1. net. (Laird
& Lee.)
Shattuck's Parliamentary Answers, alphabetically ar-
ranged for all questions likely to arise in women's
organizations, by Harriette R. Shattuck, 50 cts, net.
(Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.)
Glossary of Library Terms in Eight Languages, by
Axel Moth, 75 cts. net. - List of Series and Sequels
for Juvenile Readers, by Katharine H. Wead,
50 cts. net. (Boston Book Co.)
The Art of Speech Making, by Nathaniel C. Fowler,
Jr., 50 cts. net. (Sully & Kleinteich.)
Universal Self-pronouncing Dictionary, “Gem" pocket
edition, 20 cts. net. (John C. Winston Co.)
Robert's Rules of Order, rewritten and enlarged.
(Scott, Foresman & Co.)
LAW AND EQUITY.
Bracton's De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliæ, ed-
ited by George E. Woodbine, to be completed in 6
vols., Vol. I., $5. net. (Yale University Press.)
The Enforcement of Decrees in Equity, by Charles
Andrews Huston, J.D.- Cases on Constitutional
Law, Vols. III. and IV., by Eugene Wambaugh,
LL.D., per vol., $1.25 net.- Cases on Legal Lia-
bility, by Joseph Henry Beale, LL.D., $1. net.-
Readings in Roman Law, by Roscoe Pound, second
edition, part I.- A Selection of Cases on Civil Pro-
cedure, by Austin Wakeman Scott, LL.B., 50 cts.
net. (Harvard University Press.)


232
[March 18
THE DIAL
Law and Its Administration, by Harlan F. Stone,
LL.D. (Columbia University Press.)
The Heart of Blackstone, principles of the common
law in simple language, by Nanette B. Paul, $1. net.
(Methodist Book Concern.)
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
The King's Highway Series, a graded system of ele-
mentary moral and religious education, by E. Her-
shey Smith, Ph.D., and George Hodges, D.D., 8
vols., each illus.- Societal Evolution, a study of the
evolutionary basis of the science of society, by Al-
bert Galloway Keller.- Social Science Text-book
Series, edited by Richard T. Ely, new vols.: Out-
lines of Sociology, by F. W. Blackmar and J. L.
Gillin; Comparative Free Government, by Jesse
Macy and John W. Gannaway; The New American
Government, by James T. Young.— The Control and
Leadership of Men, by Enoch Burton Gowin.- A
Student's History of Education, by Frank Pierre-
pont Graves.— State and County School Adminis-
tration, Vol. II., Source Book, by Ellwood P.
Cubberley and Edward C. Elliott.— Hancock's Ap-
plied Mechanics for Engineers, by E. L. Hancock,
rewritten and revised by Norman C. Riggs.- Mod-
ern Essays, selected and edited by John Milton
Berdan, John Richie Schultz, and Hewette Elwell
Joyce.- A Middle English Reader, by Oliver F.
Emerson, revised edition.— The Rural Text-book
Series, edited by L. H. Bailey, new vols.: The
Principles of Soil Management, revised and rewrit-
ten by Thomas Lyttleton Lyon, Elmer 0. Fippin,
and Harry Oliver Buckman; Principles of Flori-
culture, by Edward A. White.- Elementary Alge-
bra, by Florian Cajori and Letitia R. Odell.- A
First Year in French, by Eugene Maloubier and
Justin H. Moore.— Practical Zoology, by Robert
W. Hegner.— Pocket Classics Series, new vol.:
Hugo's Les Miserables, edited by Douglas Gordon
Crawford.— Elementary History of the United
States, by John Spencer Bassett, Ph.D.- Cajori
Arithmetics, new vols.: The Intermediate Book;
The Grammar School Book.-A Series of Rural
Readers for Elementary Schools, by Joseph K.
Hart.- Health Series of Physiology and Hygiene,
by M. V. O'Shea and J. H. Kellogg, new vols.:
The Body in Health; Making the Most of Life.-
The New Sloan Readers, by Mrs. Katharine E.
Sloan, 3 vols. (Macmillan Co.)
The English Novel before the Nineteenth century, by
Annette Brown Hopkins and Helen Sard Hughes.-
Enunciation and Articulation, by Ella M. Boyce.-
Typical Newspaper Stories, by H. F. Harrington.
-- Principles of Composition, by Percy H. Boynton.
Exercises in Composition, by Mary E. Bruce.-
Readings from American Literature, by Mary E.
Calhoun and Mary L. MacAlarney:- Specimen
Letters, by Albert S. Cook and Allen R. Burnham,
60 cts. net.-Genung and Hanson's Outlines of Com-
position and Rhetoric.— Germany since 1740, by
George M. Priest. — Method in English for For-
eigners, first year, by Mary Jimperieff.— Readings
in American History, by David S. Muzzey.-- Hague
Arbitration Cases, by George G. Wilson.- Growth
of American State Constitutions, by James 0. Dea-
ley.- Readings on the Relation of Government to
Property and Industry, by Samuel P. Orth.-
Geographic Influences in Old Testament Master-
pieces, by Laura H. Wild, illus., $1. net. The New
Agriculture, by Henry J. Waters.-- The Apple, by
Albert E. Wilkinson.- Laboratory Manual of Hor-
ticulture, by George W. Hood.- Invertebrate Zo-
ology, by Henry Sherring Pratt, $1.25 net.-
Manual of Soil Physics, by Percy B. Barker and
H. J. Young.– First Course in Chemistry, by Wil-
liam McPherson and William E. Henderson.-
Problems in the Calculus, by David B. Lieb.- Irr-
ing's Alhambra, edited by Alice H. White.- Scott's
Lay of the Last Minstrel, edited by Margaret An-
drews.— Andersen's Fairy Tales, edited by J. H.
Stickney, first and second series.- Æsop's Fables,
edited by J. H. Stickney, illus.— The Arabian
Night's Entertainments, edited by M. A. L. Lane,
illus.— Middle English Reader, by Albert S. Cook.
Latin Selections, by Albert A. Howard, $1. net.
The Scholia on the Aves of Aristophanes, edited
by John Williams White.- Porta Latina, by Frank
Gardner Moore.-- Halevy's L'Abbe Constantin,
edited by Katharine Babbitt.— Dumas's Vingt Ans
Apres, edited by 0. B. Super.- German Grammar,
by Philip 8. Allen and Paul Herman Phillipson.-
German Reader for Beginners, by M. H. Haertel.--
Für kleine Leute, by Mrs. Anna Gronow.- Gour-
sat's Functions of a Complex Variable, Part I.,
Vol. II., by E. R. Hedrick.— Moore and Miner's
Concise Business Arithmetic.— Morrison's Geometry
Notebook.— Student's American History, by David
H. Montgomery, revised edition. (Ginn & Co.)
Accounts, their construction and interpretation, by
William Morse Cole, revised and enlarged edition,
$2.25 net.-- The Study and Practice of Writing En-
glish, by Gerhard R. Lomer, Ph.D., and Marga ret
Ashmun, M.A., $1.10 net. - Riverside Literature
Series, new vols.: Henry Esmond, by William
Makepeace Thackeray, revised edition, illus., 75 cts.
net; Selected Literary Essays from James Russell
Lowell, edited by Will David Howe and Norman
Foerster, 60 cts. net.- Vocational Arithmetic, by
H. D. Vincent, A.M., 55 cts. net.— Sense-plays and
Number-plays, by F. Ashford, 65 cts. net. - Every-
day Arithmetics, Books I., II., and III., by Franklin
s. Hoyt and Harriet E. Peet, each 40 cts. net.-
Opera Stories from Wagner, by Florence Akin, illus.,
45 cts. net.— The Doers, by William John Hopkins,
school edition, illus. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
A Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry, by J. Newton
Friend and others, Vol. I., illus., $3. net.— A Text-
book of Practical Assaying, by James Park, illus.,
$2.50 net.- Practical Field Botany, by A. R. Hor-
wood, F.L.S., illus., $1.75 net. (J. B. Lippincott
Co.)
The James Whitcomb Riley Reader, selected and
graded by Charity Dye, illus. in color, etc., 50 cts.
net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Notes to “A Selection of Latin Verse," by Henry D.
Wild and others. (Yale University Press.)
MISCELLANEOUS.
Who Built the Panama Canal! the work done under
Theodore P. Shonts, by W. Leon Pepperman, illus.
in photogravures reproduced from the drawings of
Joseph Pennell, $2. net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Rifles and Ammunition, by H. Ommundsen and E. H.
Robinson, $5. net.— Essentials of English Speech
and Literature, by Frank H. Vizetelly, LL.D., $1.50
net.— The Development of the Dictionary of the
English Language, by Frank H. Vizetelly, LL.D.,
illus., $1. net. (Funk & Wagnalls Co.)
How to Write Moving Picture Plays, by W. L. Gordon,
$3. net. (Stewart & Kidd Co.)
A B C of Manners, by Anne Seymour, 50 cts. net.
(Harper & Brothers.)
The Art of the Photo Play, by Eustace Hale Ball, new
edition, $1. net.— Books, as seen by John Henry, by
George V. Hobart, new edition, illus., 75 cts, net. -
How to Write a Letter, 50 cts, net. (G. W. Dilling.
ham Co.)


1915)
233
THE DIAL
The Hobby Books, new vol.: The Microscope and Its
Uses, by Wilfred Mark Webb, illus., 50 cts. net.
(Sully & Kleinteich.)
Home University Library, new vol.: The Navy and
Sea Power, by David Hannay, 50 cts. net. (Henry
Holt & Co.)
Cartoons in Character, pen pictures of various traits of
human nature, by Allyn K. Foster, 50 cts. net.
(Association Press.)
An Index to the Adverbs of Terence, by E. A. Junks.
(Oxford University Press.)
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 67 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.)
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Life of Nietzsche. By Frau Förster-Nietzsche;
translated by Paul V. Cohn. Volume II., The
Lonely Nietzsche. Illustrated, large 8vo, 415
pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $ 4. net.
And that Reminds Me: Being Incidents of a Life
Spent at Sea, and in the Andaman Islands,
Burma, Australia, and India. By Stanley W.
Coxon. Illustrated, large 8vo, 324 pages. John
Lane Co. $3.50 net.
Napoleon I.: A Biography. By August Fournier;
translated by Annie Elizabeth Adam, with In-
troduction by H. A. L. Fisher, M.A. Second
edition; in 2 volumes, with photogravure
frontispieces, large 8vo. Henry Holt & Co.
$3.50 net.
HISTORY.
Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812. By Edward
Foord. Illustrated, large 8vo, 407 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $4. net.
Narratives of the Insurrections, 1675-1690. Edited
by Charles M. Andrews, Ph.D. “Original Nar-
ratives of Early American History.' Large 8vo,
414 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net.
Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia,
1659 and 1660-93. Edited by H. R. Mcllwaine.
4to, 529 pages. Virginia: Virginia State Library.
Select English Historical Documents of the Ninth
and Tenth Centuries. Edited by F. E. Harmer,
B.A. 8vo, 142 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Indians of Greater New York. By Alanson
Skinner. With map, 12mo, 150 pages. Cedar
Rapids: The Torch Press. $1. net.
Report of the Chicago Historical Society, 1914.
Illustrated, 12mo, 146 pages. Chicago: Pub-
lished by the Society. Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The World of H. G. Wells. By Van Wyck Brooks.
12mo, 189 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25 net.
The Gothic History of Jordanes: In English Ver-
sion with an Introduction and a Commentary.
By Charles Christopher Mierow, Ph.D. 8vo, 188
pages. Princeton University Press. $1.75 net.
George Bernard Shaw: Harlequin or Patriot? Ву
John Palmer, 16mo, 81 pages. Century Co.
50 cts. net.
Memories and Milestones. By John Jay Chapman.
Illustrated, 12mo, 270 pages. Moffat, Yard &
Co. $1.25 net.
Law and Letters: Essays and Addresses. By S. W.
Dana. 8vo, 151 pages. Richard G. Badger.
$1.50 net.
The Small House at Allington. By Anthony Trol-
lope. “New Century Library.' With frontis-
piece, 16mo, 717 pages. Thomas Nelson & Sons.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
The Theatre of Ideas: A Burlesque Allegory and
Three One-act Plays. By Henry Arthur Jones.
With portrait, 12mo, 173 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1. net.
Plays. By Leonid Andreyeff; translated from the
Russian, with introductory essay by V. V.
Brusyanin. With portrait, 12mo, 214 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
How to Produce Children's Plays. By Constance
D'Arcy Mackay. 12mo, 151 pages. Henry Holt
& Co. $1.20 net.
A Belgian Christmas Eve: Being “Rada" Re-
written and Enlarged as an Episode of the Great
War. By Alfred Noyes. Illustrated, 12mo, 70
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1. net.
Dawn, and Other One-act Plays of Life To-day.
By Percival Wilde. 12mo, 168 pages. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.20 net.
Across the Border: A Play of the Present. By
Beulah Marie Dix. Illustrated, 12mo, 96 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. 80 cts. net.
Creation: Post-Impressionist Poems. By Horace
Holley. 16mo, 64 pages. Mitchell Kennerley:
Captain Craig: Á Book of Poems. By Edwin Ar-
lington Robinson. Revised edition, with addi-
tional poems; 12mo, 182 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
FICTION
Arundel. By E. F. Benson. 12mo, 351 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Through Stained Glass. By George Agnew Cham-
berlain. 12mo, 359 pages. Century Co. $1.30 net.
Brunel's Tower, By Eden Phillpotts. 12mo, 495
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Man of Iron. By " Richard Dehan." 12mo, 667
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net.
Blue Blood and Red. By Geoffrey Corson. 12mo,
395 pages.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.35 net.
The Valley of Fear: A Sherlock Holmes Novel. By
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Illustrated, 12mo, 320
pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Pepper. By Holworthy Hall.” 12mo, 316 pages.
Century Co. $1.30 net.
Red Fleece. By Will Levington Comfort. 12mo,
287 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
A Siren of the Snows. By Stanley Shaw. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 328 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.30 net.
Martha of the Mennonite Country. By Helen R.
Martin. With frontispiece, 12mo, 318 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
The Veils of Isis, and Other Stories. By Frank
Harris. 12mo, 312 pages. George H. Doran Co.
$1.25 net.
A Reluctant Adam. By Sidney Williams. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 316 pages. Houghton Mifflin
· Co. $1.35 net.
Moonglade. By the author of "The Martyrdom of
an Empress." With portrait, 12mo, 352 pages.
Harper & Brothers. $1.35 net.
A Drop in Infinity. By Gerald Grogan. 12mo, 325
pages.
John Lane Co. $1.25 net.
Patricia, By Edith Henrietta Fowler (Hon. Mrs.
'Robert Hamilton). 12mo, 438 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.35 net.
Lieutenant What's-Hly-Name. Elaborated from
Jacques Futrelle's “ The Simple Case of Susan”
by May Futrelle. With frontispiece, 12mo, 322
pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25 net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
A Pilgrim's Scrip. By R. Campbell Thompson.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 345
pages. John Lane Co. $3.50 net.
Byways around San Francisco Bay. By W. E.
Hutchinson. Illustrated, 12mo, 184 pages. The
Abingdon Press. $1. net.
India: Its Life and Thought. By John P. Jones,
D.D. New edition; illustrated, 12mo, 448 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Panama Gateway. By Joseph Bucklin Bishop.
New and revised edition; illustrated, large 8vo,
461 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS, SOCIOLOGY AND
ECONOMICS.
The Democracy
of the Constitution, and Other
Addresses and Essays. By Henry Cabot Lodge.
8vo, 297 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Practical Tropical Sanitation. By W. Alex Muir-
head. Illustrated, 8vo, 288 pages. E. P. Dutton &
Co. $3.50 net.
Out of Work: A Study of Unemployment.
Frances A. Kellor. 12mo, 569 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Practical Banking: With a Survey of the Federal
Reserve Act. By Ralph Scott Harris. 12mo, 309
pages.
Houghton Millin Co. $1.75 net.
The American Girl: Her Education, Her Responsi-
bility, Her Recreation, Her Future. By Anne
Morgan. With portrait, 16mo, 66 pages. Harper
& Brothers. 50 cts. net.
Social Evolution. By Benjamin Kidd. Revised edi-
tion; 12mo, 404 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
THE GREAT WAR — ITS HISTORY, PROBLEMS,
AND CONSEQUENCES.
Pan-Americanism: A Forecast of the Inevitable
Clash between the United States and Europe's
Victor. By Roland G. Usher, Ph.D. 8vo, 466
pages. Century Co. $1.60 net
Origins and Destiny of Imperial Britain and Nine-
teenth Century Europe. By J. A. Cramb. With
portrait, 8vo, 276 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.50 net.
By


234
[March 18
THE DIAL
You Could Not Read
10,000 Books a Year
Are We Ready? By Howard D. Wheeler; with
Letter by Leonard Wood. Illustrated, 8vo, 228
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
Germany, France, Russia, and Islam. By Heinrich
von Treitschke; translated into English, with
Foreword by George Haven Putnam. With por-
trait, 12mo, 336 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net.
German World Policies. By Paul Rohrbach; trans-
lated by Edmund von Mach. 12mo, 243 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Appetite of Tyranny: Including Letters of an
Old Garibaldian. By G. K. Chesterton. 12mo,
122 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1. net.
How Belgium Saved Europe. By Charles Sarolea;
with Preface by Count Goblet D'Alviella. 12mo,
227 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1. net.
Germany Embattled: An American Interpretation.
By Oswald Garrison Villard. 12mo, 181 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
Can Germany Win? The Aspirations and Resources
of Its People. By an American. 12mo, 163 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Stultitia: A Nightmare and an Awakening in Four
Discussions. By a former government official.
With frontispiece, 12mo, 180 pages. F. A. Stokes
Co. $1. net.
Belgium in War: A Record of Personal Experi-
ences. By J. H. Whitehouse, M.P. Illustrated,
12mo, 28 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Paper.
You would not want to if you could, but you
would probably like to know which of them were
worth reading
That was approximately the number of books
published last year.
We read them all and sorted out the best.
We will do the same this year — that is the
chief business of
The Book News Monthly
and besides being your literary critic, we intro-
duce to you, in an intimate manner, the authors
of to-day.
We tell you of fascinating, out-of-the-way
places — the sort that charm the traveler.
We give serials of the best type of fiction-
Twelve authors' portraits, size 7 in. x 10 in.-
Twelve colored frontispiece pictures worth
framing.
A literary guide, and a magazine of entertain-
ment and instruction for $1.00 a year, 10 cents
a copy.
Sample copy on request.
THE BOOK NEWS MONTHLY
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs. By F.
Schuyler Mathews. Illustrated in color, etc.,
12mo, 465 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
Essentials of English Speech and Literature. By
Frank H. Vizetelly, LL.D. 12m 408 pages.
Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.50 net.
Practical Talks on Farm Engineering.
By R. P.
Clarkson, S.S. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1. net.
Table Service. By Lucy G. Allen. Illustrated,
12mo, 128 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
The Heart of Blackstone; or, Principles of the
Common Law. By Nanette B. Paul, LL.B.; with
Introduction by Thomas H. Anderson. 12mo, 247
pages. The Abingdon Press. $1. net.
Buddhist Psychology. By C. A. F. Rhys Davids.
“The Quest Series." 12mo, 212 pages.
Mac-
millan Co. $1. net.
THE GREAT TURNING MOVEMENT
of modern times
WILLIAM DOXEY
AUTHORS' AND PUBLISHERS LITERARY AGENT

535 S. WABASH AVENUE, CHICAGO
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PROFESSOR EDWIN H. Hall of Harvard
in
The Harvard Theological Review for April


THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
THE DIAL_(founded in 1880) is published fortnightly.
every other Thursday except in July and August, in which MR. WELLS AND RECONSTRUCTION.
one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIP-
FION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United
States and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents Almost everybody had one experience at
per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by
express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Unless other the outbreak of the war, for it gave a sudden
wise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current num.
ber. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of
check to many forms of thought and action.
subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of
the subscription is desired.
It seemed as if nothing were so theoretical or
ADVERTISING RATES furnished on
application.
so remote as to be unaffected. In politics,
Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY,
632 Sherman Street, Chicago.
business, philanthropy,— even in education,
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post
philosophy, art, and many another form of
Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. interest — the war interposed a bar even to
thought. People have not got over that feel-
Vol. LVIII. APRIL 1, 1915
No. 691
ing. There is a sort of indifference, such as
CONTENTS.
comes of the continuance of anything which
one cannot influence in any way. The daily
MR. WELLS AND RECONSTRUCTION. Ed work of life must be done, and it is better to
ward E. Hale
247
do it with undivided mind. Still it is not easy
CASUAL COMMENT
250
to get back to the old line of thought. There
By way of parenthesis.-- " Shakespeare every
day.”- A get-rich-quick culture.- A follower
is a tendency to jump the gap, come to the
in the footsteps of Clark Russell.— A famous end of the war, and begin anew.
political pamphlet.— New books for old.-
An editor with an ideal.— The boundlessness
On this subject there are all sorts of ideas.
of the field of authorship.- A new variety of Some people are most gloomy in their fore-
the journalist's art.- A pleasing prospect in bodings; they predict an intolerable England
biography
or a predominant Pan-Slavism or an over-
COMMUNICATION
253
A Word of Explanation. Arthur E. Bostwick.
powering militarism, or even a new epoch of
more tremendous wars. Others have a very
FROM CANOE TO AEROPLANE IN AMERI-
CAN TRAVEL. Percy F. Bicknell
254
different view: they see signs of a renais-
sance of righteousness; they believe that peo-
THE ARCH-PRIEST OF GERMAN IMPERIAL-
ISM. James W. Garner
256 ple will get together for a re-assertion of the
BROWNING’S WOMEN. Clark S. Northup
258 spiritual in life; they feel that somehow
HOW NAPOLEON ORGANIZED VICTORY.
civilization will draw good out of so great evil.
H. E. Bourne .
259 No one has thought more on just this sub-
Vachée's_ Napoleon at Work.- Foord's Na-
ject than Mr. H. G. Wells. For twenty years
poleon's Russian Campaign of 1812.- Fleisch-
mann's An Unknown Son of Napoleon.-
he has been constantly turning over in his
Montagu's Napoleon and His Adopted Son. mind the question of world organization and
Whipple's The Story-life of Napoleon.--
Wolseley's The Decline and Fall of Napoleon.
re-organization. Whatever one's opinion of
- Griffiths's Life of Napoleon.
the value of his thoughts or of his ideas, there
A HALF-FORGOTTEN AMERICAN PRESI is no question as to the abundance of them.
DENT. W. H. Johnson
262 Mr. Henry James (who in some ways can
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 263 hardly be supposed to admire Mr. Wells)
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
264
thinks of him as showering his ideas upon
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
. 266
mankind "as from a high window ever open.
Miscellanies of a humanist.- Defects and Mr. Wells has sometimes dealt with just this
possibilities of the modern city.- Taking question, as in “The War in the Air," the
stock of Nietzsche.- Mr. Chesterton on bar-
barism.-- Some new memorials of the Brown-
more recent "The World Set Free,” or even
ings. — An optimist in the Far East. The such a book as “In the Days of the Comet,”
play that won $10,000.
in which we have reconstruction not after
BRIEFER MENTION.
269
war, it is true, but after another form of
NOTES
. 270 cataclysm. Sometimes he has dealt with the
TOPICS IN APRIL PERIODICALS
272 general question of ideal society, as in “An-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
ticipations," "Mankind in the Making," "A
.
.
.
.


248
[ April 1
THE DIAL
Modern Utopia.' Sometimes he has pre- sider, who wanted to help, to do his share of
sented not thought on this subject, but peo the work. And, government being a chance
ple thinking, as in "The New Macchiavelli" to work for those who could work instead of
and other such novels. Of late he has pub a chance to draw pay for those who had a
lished a good deal of particular consideration “pull,"' affairs went better than nowadays.
of the immediate future.
We may have our doubts as to such a plan;
With Mr. Wells's past ideas of what war but even so, it appears that Mr. Wells is
would be or his present ideas of how current basing this part of his plan upon a really
circumstances may best be managed, we existing disposition. When a number of
would not deal at the moment. As to the prominent men in any city get together now-
anticipations of the past, we need not sup- adays to consider some immediate question,
pose that they could have been exactly such as unemployment at home or want
realized, for the present war occurs under abroad, everyone feels that it is the proper
circumstances very
different from those thing, and they carry through their plan with-
which Mr. Wells postulated. As to his ideas out anyone wanting to interfere with them,
about the present crisis, we may suppose that because there is an obvious thing to be done
Mr. Wells has opportunities very different and they can obviously do it. Mr. · Wells
from ours, so that our criticism would not be develops this idea, common enough in every-
illuminating. It may be interesting, how-
be interesting, how- one's experience, upon a large scale.
ever, to say a word upon what seem to be With or without such a change in general
Mr. Wells's controlling ideas, as we see them, disposition, the fundamental idea of Mr.
let us not say in all his books, but at least as Wells's reconstruction is usually a world-
they appear in one place or another, seeming order based upon scientific coördination and
to make on the whole rather a consistent sys coöperation. “Science," said the abdicating
tem. Such main ideas have been before the King of Italy, in the book, “is the new king
public for a good while.
of the world. .. It is the mind of the race.'
Implicit in much of Mr. Wells's thinking As we see the process in “The World Set
on this subject is the idea of a new temper, a Free” the first tasks of the administration
new disposition, in mankind. We may not were, almost of necessity, scientific. Here
think this a very probable condition; in an was the population of the world in need of
earlier book, “In the Days of the Comet," food and shelter. It was natural to go about
the new disposition was the result of the Great relief in a scientific way; and if one begins
Change caused by the nitrogenous gas dif scientifically why not go on? If it is best to
fused by the comet. After that people were have a world-planning committee, why not
different, and indeed as one read it seemed have city-planning committees? And if one
most natural that they should be different. is going to arrange the cities in the best pos-
In “The World Set Free" Mr. Wells relied sible way, why not the houses, and so on?
on no such unlikely circumstance; simply the Of course in the United States we have a
war brought about such horrible destruction general feeling against such universal man-
that existence itself was hardly possible for agement. We are too near the frontiersman
multitudes, and the new order of things made to be willing to do away with the all-around
“an appeal to elements in the nature of man man, who can turn his mind to any problem,
that had hitherto been suppressed.” “The
“The in favor of the specialist. But there is an-
World Set Free" is said to have exhausted other objection suggested (in earlier works)
the reviewers' stock of adjectives. It was by Mr. Wells himself, — namely, the fact that
pronounced daring, stimulating, apocalyptic, extreme specialization would have its disad-
masterly, and so on, as well as timely. All
All vantages. In “When the Sleeper Wakes," a
this it doubtless was and much more, among story of two hundred years ahead, we have
other things very plausible. And in nothing two clearly distinguished classes, the workers
was it more plausible than in the way in which and the players; in “The Time Machine'
the world was seen to acquiesce in the assump two hundred centuries or so ahead the division
tion of authority by those who set themselves has become much more marked and we have
the task of reconstruction. The conference two distinct species. That is Mr. Wells's view
governed by right of being able to govern; of what our haphazard specialization will re-
it obviated interference by allowing any out- | sult in. But in “The First Men in the Moon"
-


1915)
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he shows us scientific system, and the result One would not expect in Mr. Wells's think-
is worse. The Selenites were the definite re ing to find much consideration of traditional
sult of systematic selection: those who had religion. We do, however, curiously enough,
to do physical work were all hands or all have something slightly of the sort : in "The
whatever they had to work with. So it was World Set Free" is an interesting quotation
with mental work: one man could remember, from the general memorandum to teachers
one could solve problems. The Grand Lunar, which was "the keynote of the modern educa-
their king, was (characteristically) all brain. tional system.” It begins with the familiar
This specialization seemed painful to the visi- words, “Whosoever will save his life shall lose
tor from the earth; though as Mr. Wells then it,” and ends with this singular sentence:
remarked, it was really more humane to have “Philosophy, discovery, art, every sort of
people grow up into machines than to let them skill, every sort of service, love, — these are the
grow up into human beings and then make means of salvation from that narrow loneli-
machines out of them. Still that last, of ness of desire, that brooding preoccupation
course, was only satire,— better have them not with self and egotistical relationships, which
machines at all.
is hell for the individual, treason to the race,
Another point about the scientific coöpera- and exile from God.” These last words must
tion which makes such a figure in Mr. Wells's come to many readers of the book with some
system is its efficiency. Now efficiency is astonishment as the first appearance of God
rather under a cloud at present, and people on the scene. He is not otherwise mentioned,
who look ahead are inclined to desire not a except once, and that in connection with the
more efficient civilization but a more spiritual past. Yet it would appear that He was some-
civilization. Mr. Wells's civilization is spir-how in the minds of the world-managers.
itual in some senses; it is certainly not mate There is another interesting matter which
rial or mechanical. In “A Modern Utopia" seems to bear on this point. “The World Set
we have a civilization far less material than Free" ends with a fine account of the last
our own and far less bound by the ties of days of Karenin, the great educational genius
mechanical literalism. So also in the little and organizer whose words have just been
picture at the end of “The World Set Free" quoted. He was incurably crippled and de-
of the life at the hospital; indeed, Mr. Wells formed and had to undergo an operation
is always full of ideas which in the simple which killed him. As he talks with the direc-
sense of being not material, not bound by tors and doctors and nurses in the great hos-
legalism, are spiritual. If, however, we implypital in the Himalayas, he asks whether he
by “spiritual," as most people do, some rela could not be patched up somehow so as to last
tion to a spirit not our own, then it is pretty a bit longer. But that is not possible.
clear that we are thinking of something out “I suppose,” says he, "the time is not far
of Mr. Wells's usual sphere. As one watches off when such bodies will no longer be born
the unfolding of his ideal world one is struck into the world."
more and more by the fact that it has nothing
says the Doctor, “it is neces-
about it answering to the usual idea of relig sary that spirits such as yours should be born
ion. It will be remembered that most of the into the world.”
men one hesitates to say heroes — in Mr. The spirit of Karenin,- what could that
Wells's books are men who have parted from have been? Was it merely his wonderful see-
traditional religion and do not have any ing and organizing mind!
ing and organizing mind? He said himself
obvious substitute for it. In some cases Mr. that science was "the awakening mind of the
Wells tells how this came about. Mr. Lew race”; would he have said “the awakening
isham, for instance, read his Butler's “Anal spirit of the race," or would that have been
ogy” and some other books, had doubts, and something different? Surely we gather that
called upon God for "Faith" in the silence of there was something more to Karenin than
the night,— “Faith to be delivered immedi his remarkable mind, something more to his
ately if Mr. Lewisham's patronage was valued, life and art than his remarkable penetration
and which nevertheless was not so deliv and organization. There certainly seems the
ered.” Mr. Lewisham was an early figure, implication of something which was perhaps
but his followers had equally slight expe in mind when Karenin wrote of being “exiled
riences, which is perhaps rather like life. from God." But just what that something
“You see,


250
(April 1
THE DIAL
was Mr. Wells does not say nor does it have seekers, yet bears some resemblance to the
much to do with his ideas on a world-state. meanderings of the “roller-coaster" track.
Such things seem worth noting about Mr.
Mazes and involutions, doublings and turn-
Wells and his thinking. You may wonder ings, lingerings and loiterings and wide cir-
why, if one disagree with him on such funda- cumambulations, are dear to this order of
writers, and the elaborate pattern traced by
mental matters, one thinks it worth while to
the pen of a master in this labyrinthine style
read his books or to write of them. But few
moves to ecstasies of admiration and despair.
would ask such a question who have felt the In this category belong, preëminently, Walter
fascination of any great writer, or, we might Pater and Mr. Henry James. Each of these
say, of Mr. Wells in particular. As one reads two so opposite manners has, of course, the
his books, whether agreeing with his ideas or defects of its qualities, and each may win from
not -- and generally one cannot fully agree an impartial reader an equal degree of ap-
with him - one is carried along by the inter-proval, or of disapproval. One test of style as
est and suggestion of there being so many
a sure and effective vehicle of thought is found
ideas, or even of any ideas at all. It is not so
in its suitability or unsuitability for oral
much that he “makes one think” according to
recital. Many a person in the habit of reading
aloud to others must have noted the ease and
the stock phrase, but that he suggests so much
that is different from one's ordinary way of
satisfaction with which certain authors may
be thus interpreted to the listening ear, while
looking at things and yet so plausible, that others, equally or even more richly gifted, are
one is constantly agreeing and disagreeing an irritation and a torture to both him who
and always in a state where one wants to talk reads and him who listens. Excessive use of
either to him or about him.
the parenthesis is a not uncommon hindrance
Yet in addition to all this, it may be said to ready recitability; and it is not a rash
that even though facts have not substantiated
assertion that the woman writer is more given
some of Mr. Wells's ante-bellum ideas, and
than the man to this parenthetical style, this
though our fundamental conceptions may pre-
habit of catching at the first thought or image
vent our accepting all his ideas for recon-
that presents itself, and then breaking off for
a moment, sometimes a long moment, to make
struction, yet it is something to find one who
a place for omissions, or, so to speak, to pick
has definite ideas about reconstruction. We
up the dropped stitches, before completing the
may at least agree with him in the idea that
sentence. This rather awkward procedure
there ought to be some sort of reconstruction might be likened to the headlong haste of a
after the madness of the moment has come to boy who, in dressing, inadvertently snatches
an end and men's minds may undertake some up his coat and begins to put it on before
better scheme of things.
donning his vest, and then, perceiving his
EDWARD E. HALE.
error, holds his coat in suspension with his
teeth while wriggling into his vest, after which
exhibition of misapplied energy he succeeds in
CASUAL COMMENT.
adjusting the other garment.
BY WAY OF PARENTHESIS let a few tentative
observations here be offered on a minor ques “SHAKESPEARE EVERY DAY," the motto of
tion of literary style. Some writers there are the Henry Jewett Players at the Boston Opera
who never fail to unfold their thought in so House, evidently assumes that the greatest of
logical and natural and altogether convincing the world's dramatic poets is not too bright or
a manner that the reader has a delightful good for human nature's daily food; and that
sense of being lifted and carried, without jolt this is no rash assumption one would fain be-
or jar, to a predestined goal. No sudden halts lieve, as in fact one is encouraged to believe by
for repairs, no spasmodic sprints to make up the report that the production, since the begin-
the time lost in such halts, no time-wasting ning of the year, of the five plays, “As You
zig-zag side-trips on the way, rack the pas Like It," "The Merchant of Venice," "The
senger's nerves and fret his soul. Of this sure Merry Wives of Windsor,” “Julius Cæsar,
and steady gait are such prose masters as and “Romeo and Juliet,” has met with the
Johnson and Macaulay, to read whom is a rest hearty approval of the press and the enthusi-
and a relief from the chaos of one's own less astic support of the public." Here would
strictly disciplined mental processes. Others seem to be gratifying proof, if proof were
there are, of a quite different habit, whose needed, that the great mass of wholesome,
mode of progression, if not exactly that of the hearty, unaffected, workaday people really
“razzle-dazzle,” familiar to sea-side pleasure-
familiar to sea-side pleasure | prefer good drama to worthless if they are but
ܕܕ


1915)
251
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allowed a choice. For the purposes of ade- | nations; to which Arnold replied in one of his
quate and not too costly presentation of a American lectures (that on “Literature and
rather long list of Shakespeare plays, a good Science''): “But as I do not mean, by know-
stock company like the above-named, striving ing ancient Rome, knowing merely more or
to attain and maintain “balance, smoothness, less of Latin belles lettres, and taking no ac-
coördination, and careful detail," is likely in count of Rome's military, and political, and
the long run to produce better results, both on legal, and administrative work in the world;
the stage and in the box-office, than can be and as, by knowing ancient Greece, I under-
expected of a single star indifferently sup- stand knowing her as the giver of Greek art,
ported. Like Mr. Granville Barker in his and the guide to a free and right use of reason
praiseworthy endeavors to provide the New and to scientific method, and the founder of
York public with something better than the our mathematics and physics and astronomy
theatres have hitherto been offering, the and biology, I understand knowing her as all
Jewett Players, if their prospectus speaks this, and not merely knowing certain Greek
truly, are striving to confer upon Boston a poems, and histories, and treatises, and
benefit of no mean sort. With the innumera- speeches, so as to the knowledge of modern
ble moving-picture houses and other cheap nations also. By knowing modern nations, I
resorts as rivals in the amusement field, the mean not merely knowing their belles lettres,
management still hopes to win the increasing but knowing also what has been done by such
favor of the great public. Here is the beatific men as Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Darwin."
vision that inspires the movement: “The It is safe to say that no system of get-rich-
ideal toward which the management is con quick culture will give the world either any
stantly looking is the establishment of a per Arnolds or any Huxleys.
manent repertory theatre in Boston, a theatre
for all the people who love the drama, and not
A FOLLOWER IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF CLARK
merely for habitual playgoers. To pro- RUSSELL, like him going to sea at a tender age,
vide the best in drama, presented by the best
players obtainable, in the most beautiful play-
but continuing much longer this life on the
house in America, and at the most reasonable
ocean wave, like him turning to later literary
of “popular prices: this is the means whereby with somewhat less abundant productivity,
account his salt-water experiences, though
the management hopes to bring about that
and like him enjoying in his lifetime a gratify-
long-cherished dream of a theatre that shall
be to Boston much the sort of institutional ing degree of popular success, the late Frank
Thomas Bullen (he died last month at
influence that the Comédie Française is to Madeira) might well be called, so far as there
is any meaning in the term, a self-made author.
Born in London April 5, 1857, he received no
A GET-RICH-QUICK CULTURE naturally has its
school education after nine years of age, when
attractions for many in this stirring age and
he became an errand boy and began to make
generation; but it was this sort of crude cul-
his own way in the world. At seventeen he
ture, or pseudo-culture, that received a sharp turned sailor, and for fourteen years he was a
rap of condemnation from the president of
Hamilton College at a recent teachers' confer-
sea-rover, visiting all parts of the world and
rising to the position of chief mate, after which
ence held at the seat of that institution of
learning. Urging a rally to the cause of the logical Office, where he remained until 1890,
he accepted a junior clerkship in the Meteoro-
classics, and deprecating the increasing ten-
dency to short-cuts through school and college, cessful trial of his pen as a story-teller. In-
making meanwhile occasional and not unsuc-
the speaker said: “If this practical and mer-
deed, such encouragement did he receive from
cenary attitude continues, not only will the
editors and readers of these tales of the sea
classics disappear from our curricula, but
that he decided to devote himself unreservedly
higher mathematics and the more advanced
to their composition. His whaling story, “The
work in literature will also go." How much
Cruise of the ‘Cachalot,'” in emulation of the
more than mere “polite literature” may be
work of a greater than he, the gifted author
meant by a broadly based classical culture was
of “Moby Dick,” is perhaps the best-known as
long ago made clear by Matthew Arnold in
it is among the most readable of his numerous
reply to some of Huxley's depreciatory re romances of sea-faring, which include, among
marks on Arnold's educational ideals. The
others, “A Whaleman's Wife,” “Cut off
scientist had averred that his distinguished from the World,” “Creatures of the Sea,”!
contemporary referred only to belles lettres “A Son of the Sea,” and “Sea-wrack.”
when he spoke of the need of knowing the best Somewhat different from these, and yet begot-
that has been thought and said by the modern ten of the same sort of activity and observa-
Paris."


252
(April 1
THE DIAL
are
tion, his “religious autobiography, tion of three hundred thousand "pieces"
“With Christ at Sea,” and his book entitled (presumably books, pamphlets, manuscripts,
“Sea Puritans.” Though not a Herman Mel- etc.) in partial replacement of the valuable
ville or a Clark Russell or, still less, a Joseph collection destroyed by fire two years before.
Conrad, Bullen had won for himself an inti Yet he asserts that these considerable acces-
mate knowledge of things maritime, and he sions “do not remotely approach three-fifths
wrote from the fulness of personal experience of the gross value and effectiveness of the
Significant of his industry as a writer is the 500,000 pieces burned.” And he continues:
brief entry under the head of recreations in “There are two chief reasons for this: the
“Who's Who." One word sufficed, — “none.' increased cost of books and the impossibility
of reproducing by a tour de force the costly
A FAMOUS POLITICAL PAMPHLET, “The Fight organization and bibliographic apparatus for
in Dame Europa's School,” with appropriate administration which was established in the
and amusing illustrations by Thomas Nast, old library.
old library. Not only have currently pub-
who was just beginning to achieve fame when lished books shared substantially in that in-
the pamphlet was written, will bear a re-
creased cost which has marked luxuries as well
reading at this time, if one is so fortunate as
as necessaries during the past ten or fifteen
to have access to a copy of the forty-four-
years, but older books, those outside the trade
year-old publication or any later reproduction and technically known as “out of print,' espe-
of it. The satirical author begins in the fol- cially of certain kinds, have multiplied in
lowing pleasant vein, as some older readers
value often many hundred fold.” Both the
may remember: “Mrs. Europa kept a dame spread of public libraries and the increase in
school, where boys were well instructed in the number of wealthy private collectors have
modern languages, fortification, and the use
contributed to raise the price of out-of-print
of the globes. Her connection and credit were
books. The multimillionaire collector is a for-
good, for there was no other school where so
midable competitor for even the richest library
sound and liberal an education could be ob to bid against, and the only possible course in
tained. . . . These lads at Mrs. Europa's were
such circumstances is usually for the library
of all sorts and sizes -- good boys and bad to possess its purse in patience and wait for
boys, sharp boys and slow boys, industrious
the multimillionaire's inevitable relinquish-
boys and idle boys, peaceable boys and pugna-
ment of his treasures in the course of nature,
cious boys, well-behaved boys and vulgar boys;
when they may be again thrown on the mar-
and of course the good old dame could not
ket or perhaps bequeathed to the very library
manage them all. So, as she did not like the
most desirous of obtaining them. In the book
masters to be prying about the playground out
world all things have a tendency to come to
of school, she chose from among the biggest
him who waits.
and most trustworthy of her pupils five moni-
tors, who had authority over the rest of the AN EDITOR WITH AN IDEAL that he succeeds
boys, and kept the unruly ones in order. to a notable degree in realizing is in one sense
These five, at the time of which we are writing, a creative author, and so deserves something
were Louis, William, Aleck, Joseph, and of the honor paid to gifted authorship. This,
John.” Then follows, of course, the story of of course, presupposes that the ideal is con-
the fierce quarrel between Louis and William, siderably higher than that symbolized by the
with the awkward part played by the other letter S crossed by two perpendicular lines.
monitors in their attempts to preserve a digni- Of this high quality was the standard set for
fied neutrality; and it is John's conduct that himself by the late Samuel Bowles, fourth of
receives the satirist's sharpest stabs. Among that name and third in successive editorship
the innumerable printed products that owe of the Springfield “Republican." Though he
their origin to the present war, a new “Dame was, by genius and training, much more of a
Europa's School," modelled after the old, was business manager than a man of letters, yet
sure to find a place.
he was heir to the journalistic traditions of
his father and grandfather, and succeeded in
NEW BOOKS FOR OLD might sound like a good perpetuating those traditions as embodied in
bargain to an unwary Princess Badroulbou the newspaper founded ninety-one years ago.
dour, but if the Aladdin in the case were any-
As his father before him had added the daily
thing of a bibliophile he would not thank his to the weekly issue of the journal, so he ex-
fair spouse for lending an ear to the specious tended its field by creating the Sunday
offers of the book-peddling magician. In the “Republican,” perhaps the best, the most
latest report of the New York State Library, respectable, the most worthy of a careful read-
Mr. Wyer, the Director, announces the acquisi- | ing from beginning to end, of all our Sunday


1915]
253
THE DIAL
journals. Some of the minor peculiarities of who has urged the innovation on the ground
the “Republican” have acquired a fame al of "the extreme importance of the farm jour-
most as wide as its reputation for literary nal and the country newspaper to country
excellence and general sanity. Its scholarly life.” Agricultural schools, it is argued, in
restraint in the use of capitals is commend- order to treat effectively the subject of farm-
able, even though carried to some excess. Itsing in all its phases and ramifications, have
slight leanings toward spelling-reform are found it necessary to concern themselves with
chiefly praiseworthy in that they go no fur the economic and social interests of country
ther. Mr. Bowles, who was in his sixty-fourth life. Hence the attention they pay to the
year when he died (March 14), seems to be churches and schools as important factors in
succeeded by no Samuel Bowles the fifth, in rural affairs; and hence, too, their recognition
the control of his paper, though he does leave of the newspaper as a powerful influence in
a son of that name in journalism in another the life and work of the farming community.
city; yet it is to be hoped and confidently In all this the man of letters will be disposed
expected that the standard of the “Repub to see an acknowledgment that the pen is
lican” will suffer no depression from his mightier than the plough.
death.
A PLEASING PROSPECT IN BIOGRAPHY opens
THE BOUNDLESSNESS OF THE FIELD OF AU before us in the announcement of two forth-
THORSHIP is now and then brought forcibly to coming books on that brilliant author and
one's realization. Unsuspected domains of many-sided, lovable, and always interesting
literary activity reveal themselves upon glanc- man, the late Father Hugh Benson, recently
ing however cursorily over the catalogue of
cut off in the early prime of his remarkable
almost any considerable collection of books.
powers. The more full and formal biography
A list of bibliographies, dry in itself as the will be that prepared by Benson's friend,
proverbial “remainder biscuit after a voy. Father Martindale, who, a brilliant man him-
age,” is nevertheless a good eye-opener to the self, is said to have understood his brilliant
vastness of the world of things written about.
associate as well as to have loved him. There
This splendid spaciousness of the literary will also be the less elaborate but probably
realm — “literary” is here used in its largest more touching tribute from the elder brother,
sense was brought home to us not long ago Mr. Arthur Christopher Benson, under the
by the appearance of a “Bibliography of
title, “Hugh: The Memoir of a Brother."
Bibliographies," and is now again made in
From such passages of biographical reminis-
some sort apprehensible to the intelligence by
cence as have already come from his pen -as
a perusal of the latest report of that triply in “The Leaves of the Tree” and in several of
based institution whose foundations were laid his volumes of miscellaneous essays — one may
by John Jacob Astor, James Lenox, and Sam- safely assume that the promised fraternal
uel J. Tilden. For instance, it appears that sketch will be likely to take its place among
in the Technology Division of that library
the books that are not soon allowed to perish
there was recently compiled and published a
from memory.
list of works on oxy-acetylene welding, and
even in so limited and specialized a branch of
technical study there were enough treatises to
COMMUNICATION.
furnish a catalogue thirty-four pages in
A WORD OF EXPLANATION.
length. It is small wonder that the special
libraries, whereof so little was heard and so
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
small account was made in our youth, have
In your issue of March 4 the statement is made
now their proper organization and are fast
that “a branch of the St. Louis Public Library
was wiped out by fire." Although technically cor-
growing in number and importance.
rect, this statement is, I fear, apt to be misleading.
The fire was that which destroyed the Missouri
A NEW VARIETY OF THE JOURNALIST'S ART
Building at the St. Louis World's Fair. In this
building among other things was an exhibit of the
appeals for recognition in the world of letters;
American Library Association, which was operated
it is to be known as rural journalism, and its
as a temporary branch of the St. Louis Public
mysteries will be taught, appropriately Library. The building, like most of those at
enough, at the agricultural college. The trus world's fairs, was of light temporary construction,
tees of the school of farming at Amherst and therefore easily burned. Our regular branches
(Mass.) have voted to establish a “major” are all of fire-proof construction.
course in this latest branch of journalism, un-
ARTHUR E. BOSTWICK.
der the direction of Professor Robert W. Neal, St. Louis, Mo., March 18, 1915.


254
[ April 1
THE DIAL
The New Books.
waterways and famous trails that our histo-
rians and descriptive writers have of late pro-
duced, much of the present work will be more
FROM CANOE TO AEROPLANE IN or less familiar to many readers; but its point
AMERICAN TRAVEL.*
of view, most of its details, and not a few of
its illustrations, will probably be found to pos-
In no field of invention is the cumulative
sess a pleasing novelty, and their manner of
rapidity of progress more impressive than in presentation, by which is meant, not least of
the development of modern means of travel. all, the sumptuous appearance of these well-
Truism though it be that every fresh discovery made volumes, will not fail to attract. In his
of science makes possible a hundred additional attitude toward his subject the author natu-
discoveries and inventions, so that the rate of rally and properly fails not, throughout, to
advance is represented by a geometrical pro- uphold the dignity and importance and far-
gression having a very large constant factor, reaching significance of his theme. Modes of
the marvel of modern scientific and industrial moving from place to place he considers indica-
progress never loses its power to impress and tive of the degree of development attained by
fairly to daze the imagination. Even the
the people using them; and a well-developed
crudest conjecture of what astounding results
vehicular traffic is of course a potent instru-
may be possible to applied science in a single ment for the material and intellectual improve-
decade or half-decade of the twenty-first ment of the society in which it is found. This
century, if already that brief space of time philosophy of the matter, however pleasing
suffices for achievements exceeding the total of and satisfying to the author and his readers,
accomplishment witnessed by entire centuries, has nevertheless its weak points. If a people's
is enough to take away the breath. Confining method of travel is to serve as a criterion of its
himself to that department of applied science general enlightenment and progress, the
which has to do with the means of locomotion, Greeks of the time of Pericles ought to be
and also limiting his researches to our own
accounted as little better than barbarians, and
country and, in the main, to the century end the subjects of King Cheops, notwithstanding
ing with the completion of the first transcon-
the testimony of the Pyramids, could hardly
tinental railway, Mr. Seymour Dunbar has
be said to have emerged from savagery. But,
nevertheless found ample material, both docu-
granting the soundness of the author's theory
mentary and illustrative, for the filling of a
in the main, let us allow him to set forth in his
four-volume work which is thus comprehen-
own words something of the plan and purpose
sively designated on the title-page: "A His-
of his work. In his opening chapter he says:
tory of Travel in America. Showing the
“The subject to which these pages are devoted
Development of Travel and Transportation
is the foundation whereon the country, considered
from the Crude Methods of the Canoe and the
as a social and industrial organization, has been
Dog-Sled to the Highly Organized Railway built. A few years ago
until as late a date as
Systems of the Present, Together with a Nar 1806 — the six or seven million people of America
rative of the Human Experiences and Chang were contentedly visiting their friends, or moving
ing Social Conditions that Accompanied this about on business, in fatboats, dog-sleds, stage-
Economic Conquest of the Continent.” It is coaches, strange wagons or canoes. Those were the
elaborately equipped “with maps and other
only vehicles of travel, and when they were not
illustrations reproduced from early engrav-
available, as was very often the case, the traveller
walked or else rode upon a horse. To go from the
ings, original contemporaneous drawings and
Atlantic seacoast to such remote regions as Cin-
broadsides. A final chapter gives a "sum-
cinnati or St. Louis or Fort Dearborn
now Chi-
mary of present conditions and briefly fore-
cago — in those days meant a journey of many
shadows the wonders to come, including of weary weeks, with possibly the loss of a scalp.
course the still unimagined developments of Such a thing as a trip across the continent and
aerial navigation. Then follow a hundred back was not within the range of thought of the
pages of appended matter, historical and sta ordinary man. . . . In this present realm of four-
tistical, and an elaborate fifty-page index, the
day ocean steamships, of trains that dive beneath
whole work attaining the rather formidable
rivers or plunge through a thousand miles in
proportions of 1529 pages. So impressive a
twenty hours, of subways, motor-cars, submarine
boats, and with the flying machine just beginning
monument to a single person's industry and
to dot the sky, we are privileged to remember, if
scholarship cannot fail to command admira we choose, that once upon a time the express boats
tion.
on the canals maintained a speed of three miles an
With all the books on historic highways and hour for day after day, and that the Pioneer Fast:
Line advertised it would rush its passengers
* A HISTORY OF TRAVEL IN AMERICA. By Seymour Dunbar.
In four volumes. Illustrated. Indianapolis : The Bobbs-Merrill
through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh in four
days — and often nearly kept its word.”
..
Co.


1915)
255
THE DIAL
In its wealth of contents, the book first sur the country since the period mentioned. Although
veys the general condition and appearance of the people as a whole had cast out their mania and
our country in its infancy, pointing out the viewed the subjects of railroad construction and
all but insuperable difficulties of travel
administration with saner eyes, a small but influ-
through the dense forests, and giving some
ential portion of the population did not follow
account of the early Indian trails; then traces
their example. Those avaricious men who repre-
sented, in the economic and political affairs of
the gradual growth of improved means of com-
their day, the influences which these later times
munication as influenced and accelerated by have come to define as “predatory wealth' and
the condition and needs of the people, and special privilege,' were beginning to recognize the
argues that it was universal transportation opportunities that would lie within their grasp if
facilities, rather than politics or war, that they could control so vital a portion of the nation's
acted as the compelling force for real national industrial fabric as the railways were obviously
unity; brings forward much new material in
destined to become. They caught glimpses of the
illustration of social conditions and modes of
power that would be theirs if they built, operated
and manipulated railways as gigantic weapons,
travel in the middle and far West, with
rather than as agencies of public benefit which
glimpses of pioneer life and details concerning
would methodically aid in the creation of new
the government's dealings with our native
wealth through the operation of those processes
tribes; and, in its later chapters, exhibits the they were primarily designed to perform. To
on-rush of our population into the vast west characters so warped, and to able minds so inclined,
ern domain made at last accessible to all by the the lure was irresistible and the result was sure.
road of iron. With a 'summary of present
Thus began the extensive practice of building rail-
conditions," as already stated, the fascinating
ways with the object of acquiring money through
their construction rather than by their later efficient
narrative comes to a close. As a sample of its
operation."
quality, a passage describing the old-fashioned
Then is described in outline the nefarious
tavern breakfast will here serve as well as
another :
scheme whereby, with occasional differences in
detail but with a wearisome sameness in essen-
“ Then came the breakfast ceremonial. The host
tial rascality, the too-trusting investor of the
marched to the front door, lifted a cow's horn to
his lips and sent forth the resounding blast that
last half-century or more has been plundered
summoned all hands to the table. Some landlords
by the unprincipled and avaricious railroad-
preferred a big bell rather than a horn, and filled promoter and railroad-wrecker.
the air with a clangor heard for a mile around. A A noteworthy chapter of the concluding
meal at one of the early taverns was nearly always volume is devoted to the history of the great
a bountiful repast, and usually ended, whether at Mormon overland pilgrimage of 1846-8, re-
breakfast, dinner or supper, with two or more lating the events that led up to it, the expul-
inds of pie. Everything was put on the big table
sion of the Church of Latter-day Saints from
at once, and everybody ate until he reluctantly Nauvoo, the sufferings of the migrating party,
made up his mind to stop. In those days a meal
meant all a man wanted to eat. The price re-
the discovery of the Great Salt Lake Valley,
mained the same. A slice of bread was visible
and the final settlement of the wandering host
even when the edge of it was held toward the eye, in the new land of promise after two and a
the butter could be safely attributed to the cow,
half years of vagrancy.
and a third cup of tea or glass of milk was as Mr. Dunbar has spared no pains to make his
smilingly produced, if called for, as the first. In
book all that the promise of its title-page leads
short, the deplorable deficiency in varieties of
knives and forks, and in different species of spoons
one to expect. His diligence is beyond praise,
his range of research amazing. Libraries and
as measured by modern requirements -
made up by a plenitude of things that could be
historical societies, antiquaries and special
eaten instead of looked at.”
authorities, have been called upon, not in vain,
The beginning of certain reprehensible
to swell the riches and perfect the historical
practices in railroad finance that are now only
accuracy of his stately volumes. If a reviewer
too well known to us of a later generation is
were to presume, from the lesser resources of
traced back to about the middle of last cen-
his own equipment, to offer any general criti-
tury, or, more definitely, to the year 1848, and
cism as he closes with hearty commendation
is thus noticed by the author in connection
this absorbing story of a great movement in
with the general railway development of the
American civilization, it would perhaps take
period:
the form of a regret that the greatness of the
“At about this time, however, there likewise
theme is not always matched by an equal
appeared the first outward symptoms of an un-
greatness of style in the writer. A certain
fortunate condition that was destined to become
unfailing niceness in the choice of words, a
much more prominent as the years went on, and true sense of the literary possibilities and im-
that has injuriously affected the railway system of possibilities of a subject or a situation, a
was


256
[ April 1
THE DIAL
scholarly avoidance of excesses of any sort, contribution; but unfortunately it is marred
are not among the outstanding merits of the by evidences of strong prejudice and at times
author's style as displayed in this book. He of unfairness.
makes, too, the rather frequent mistake of The work of Mr. Davis is less a commentary
crediting his readers with too little rather than or analysis, and more of a collection of ex-
too much intelligence. On one page, for in tracts from Treitschke's historical and po-
stance, he takes the trouble to explain what a litical writings, especially his Politik, which
railway “turnout” is, and at the foot of consists of two volumes of lectures delivered
another he thinks it necessary to add a note to at the University of Berlin. Happily, there
the effect that “a public house was also called is here less evidence of bias than in the first
an ordinary." Probably it is better, all things mentioned work. For this and other reasons
considered, to overestimate than to underesti- it is a more trustworthy and useful book for
mate a reader's mental equipment; at any English and American students of Treitschke's
rate, it is a Coleridgian axiom that an uneluci- political philosophy.
dated obscurity is a compliment to the reader's The third book is a collection of Treitschke's
acuteness.
essays dealing with questions of German for-
Four hundred illustrations, colored and un- eign politics. They are unaccompanied by
colored, with two folding maps, add no little to any comment or criticism except a brief prefa-
the book's attractiveness and interest. The tory analysis by Mr. George Haven Putnam.
quality of its typography and press-work is in They include papers on German relations
accord with the other excellences of the work with other powers, Turkey and the great
PERCY F. BICKNELL. nations, Germany and the oriental question,
what Germany demands of France, the German
Empire, and other essays. The ideas which
THE ARCH-PRIEST OF GERMAN
run through them all are characteristic of
IMPERIALISM.*
Treitschke's political thought: the doctrine
One of the “literary” results of the Euro-
of imperialism, Germany's mission as a world
pean war has been the resuscitation of a group
power, the rule of force, etc.
of writers of German birth or affiliations who
Treitschke's was a unique personality in
had been largely forgotten or who were many respects. He was a Saxon by birth, but
formerly known only to a small number of of Czech ancestry. His father was a general
scholars. Among these may be mentioned the in the army, and the son would doubtless have
military writers, Clausewitz and Bernhardi,
chosen a military career had an accident not
the philosopher Nietzsche, and the historian deprived him of his hearing. He studied and
Treitschke. This result has been the work taught in various German universities, but in
chiefly of Englishmen who believe they have 1874 he was called to the University of Berlin,
found in the teachings of these writers all the
where he remained until his death in 1896.
abominable doctrines of imperialism, mili- He was distinguished by his historical scholar-
tarism, the supremacy of force, the blind ship and his eloquence as a lecturer, and prob-
idolatry of the State, and other ideas of the ably no German professor ever lectured to
kind which now reign in Germany.
larger audiences or more completely capti-
Treitschke's writings in particular have
vated his hearers. He started out as a liberal,
been translated, edited, and republished in but after his removal to Berlin he became an
numerous editions, and are now being widely ultra-conservative and an ardent supporter of
read by the English and American public. Bismarck, an enemy to the Social Democrats,
Three of the most recent of these publications and a glorifier of the Hohenzollern dynasty.
are Mr. Joseph McCabe's "Treitschke and the He became a member of the Reichstag in 1871,
Great War,” Mr. H. W. C. Davis's “The
where he sat continuously until 1888, when he
Political Thought of Heinrich von Treitschke,
resigned — largely out of disgust because of
and the collection of translated essays entitled th
the increasing influence of the Social Demo-
“Germany, France, Russia, and Islam.” The crats.
first mentioned is a commentary on Treitschke's His political philosophy may be summed up
political theories, and an estimate of their in in the following ideas: The essence of the
fluence upon the thought and national life of State is power, and it is to be found in a well-
the Germans. As such it is a very interesting equipped and well-drilled army; it is not a
mere academy of arts or sciences. The State
# TREITSCHKE AND THE GREAT WAR. By Joseph McCabe.
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
belies its own nature when it neglects the
THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF HEINRICH VON TREITSCHKE.
By H. W. C. Davis, M.A. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
army, therefore the organization of the army
GERMANY, FRANCE, RUSSIA, AND ISLAM.
is one of the first constitutional questions for
Treitschke. Translated, with Foreword, by George Haven
Putnam. With portrait. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
the consideration of the State; the army is
By Heinrich von


1915)
257
THE DIAL
the foundation of political freedom, so that otherwise.
otherwise. The blind votaries of perpetual
we need not waste pity on states that have a peace fall into error of either mentally iso-
powerful and well-drilled army. The State lating the individual State, or else of imag-
exists over and apart from the individuals ining a World-State, which we have already
who compose it; and it is entitled to their shown to be an absurdity.'
utmost sacrifices,— in short, they exist for it Again he says: “Any one with a knowledge
rather than the State for them.
of history realises that to expel war from the
Treitschke has been much reproached for universe would be to mutilate human nature.
his views regarding the binding force of There can be no freedom unless there can be a
treaties; and the responsibility for the “scrap warlike force, prepared to sacrifice itself for
of paper” theory of which we have heard so freedom. We must repeat that scholars, in con-
much lately is attributed to him. His views sidering this question, are apt to argue from
upon this point are substantially as follows: the quiet assumption that the State is merely
The State is subject to no human superior; intended to be an Academy of the Fine Arts
any restrictions upon its sovereignty are mere and Sciences. That is one of its functions,
voluntary and self-imposed limitations; all but not the most important. If a State
treaty obligations are subject to the rule of neglects its physical in favor of its intellectual
rebus sic stantibus, and therefore treaties energies, it falls into decay.
which have outlived their usefulness may be Time and again he dwells upon the glories
denounced and replaced by new ones which of war, the duty of men to sacrifice not only
correspond to the new conditions. Every their lives but the natural and deep-rooted
State, therefore, is the final judge of its obli- feelings of the human soul for a great patri-
gations, and the duty of self-preservation may otic idea," the impossibility of liberty without
require it to repudiate treaties which are in war, and the self-stultification of those who
consistent with its own progress and existence. think that warfare can be eliminated from the
There is no reputable writer on international world. War is the only remedy for sick na-
law to-day who would contest the soundness tions; without war all progress will disappear
of this view; yet Treitschke's disciples have from history; it has always been the ex-
employed his doctrine of rebus sic stantibus hausted, spiritless, enervated ages that have
in a sense which he apparently did not intend played with the dream of universal peace.
it to be understood, and his critics have like Treitschke had no admiration for England
wise attributed to him the responsibility for or the English. On the contrary, his feeling
the view, now apparently held by some Ger- toward them was largely one of contempt.
mans, that treaties may be denounced and More than any one else, he is held responsible
rejected upon mere grounds of inconvenience. by the English for the anti-English sentiment
The deification of war runs through the which blazed out during the Boer War, and
whole of Treitschke's historical and political which has since reigned in German society
writings. Again and again he speaks of the and in the press.
and in the press. For this reason English
"moral majesty," the “moral grandeur," and historians and editors of his writings have not
the "moral sublimity” of war. In his Politik always interpreted his political theories fairly
he says: “War is political science par ex or correctly.
cellence. Over and over again has it been Finally, it may be seriously doubted whether
proved that it is only in war that a people Treitschke's teachings have ever exerted any.
becomes indeed a people. It is only in the thing like the influence on the thought and life
common performance of heroic deeds for the of the German people that the English now
sake of the Fatherland that a nation becomes attribute to them. He was primarily a uni-
truly and spiritually united.” “The second versity professor; and while he lectured to
important function of the State," we are told, large audiences of students, the number of
“is warfare. That men have so long refused persons who were directly affected by his doc-
to recognize this fact proves how emasculated trines was probably comparatively small. At
political science has become in the hands of the time, his views, now so much detested by
civilians.' “If it had not been for war, there Englishmen, attracted little attention; and
would be no States. It is to war that all the had it not been for the present war they would
States we know of owe their existence. The have remained unknown to the great mass of
mankind.
protection of its citizens by strength of arms
JAMES W. GARNER.
is the first and foremost duty of the State.
Therefore wars must continue to the end of
Mr. Ludwig Lewisohn has made a critical résumé
of the dramatic literature of the last three decades
history as long as there is a plurality of
which will be published by Mr. B. W. Huebsch
States. Neither logic nor human nature re-
under the title of “ The Modern Drama: An Essay
veal any probability that it could ever be in Interpretation."
.


258
(April 1
THE DIAL
BROWNING'S WOMEN.*
much of the book is taken up with the retelling
of the stories, with copious though well chosen
The stream of Browning books continues.
If they were all of one type, that of uncritical
quotations.
But other parts of the book are important.
praise and adulation, we might heartily wish
the habit would die out; but fortunately we
For example, we may take the treatment of
Mildred Tresham. Miss Mayne thinks Brown-
have now and then a book or essay from one
ing did not understand her, and therefore did
who is not altogether a Browningite, and who
endeavors to see Browning's work not through Mayne is right.
not succeed in his portrayal of her; and Miss
colored or distorting glasses but as it really is.
Of such a character is Miss Mayne's volume
“What a girl he might have given us in Mildred,
on "Browning's Heroines," and we welcome
had he listened only to himself! But, not yet in
full possession of that self, he set up as an ideal
it as on the whole a contribution of importance
the ideal of others, trying dutifully to see it as
to the discussion of Browning's artistry.
they see it, denying dutifully his deepest instinct;
We must first say one or two things about and, thus apostate, piled insincerity on insincerity,
the style of the book. It gives us constantly until at last no truth is anywhere, and we read on
the impression of effort to be vivacious; this with growing alienation as each figure loses all of
it generally is, but, with its superabundance such reality as it ever had, and even Gwendolen,
of short sentences, its rows of periods indi the 'golden creature' — his own dauntless, indi-
cating omissions, its questions, it is also jerky
vidual woman, seeing and feeling truly through
and suggestive of a lack of poise. It is far
every fibre of her being — is lost amid the fog."
from the simple, effective style which would
Likewise she is right in what she says of
carry far greater weight, and over which men Pompilia:
have no monopoly. One specimen will suffice. Pompilia is a living soul, not a puppet of the
The author is describing Pippa's reflections at theatre. Yet even here the same strange errors
the close of her one day:
recur. She has words indeed that reach the inmost
“But gradually the atmosphere of her mind
heart — poignant, overpowering in tenderness and
seems restored; the fogs of envy and curiosity
pathos; but she has, also, words that cause the
begin to clear off — she goes over the game of
brows to draw together, the mind to pause un-
make-believe, how she was in turn each of the
easily, then to cry .Not so!' Of such is the analysis
Four ... but no! the miasma is still in the air,
of her own blank ignorance with regard to the
and she's tired of fooling,' and New Year's Day marriage-state.”
is over, and ill or well, she must be content. Was the Lady of the Glove wrong? Miss
Even her lily's asleep, but she will wake it up, and Mayne thinks so.
show it the friend she has plucked for it — the
“ And so the Lady thought right and did wrong:
flower she gathered as she passed the house on the
'twas not love set that task to humanity. Even
hill. . . . Alas! even the flower seems infected.
Browning cannot win her our full pardon.”
She compares it, this pampered thing,' this double
heartsease of the garden, with the wild growth,
Miss Mayne will not allow that the age was
and once more Zanze comes to mind — isn't she different from ours:
like the pampered blossom? And if there were a “ Women's hearts were the same; and a woman's
king of the flowers, . and a girl-show held in his heart, when it loves truly, will make no test for
bowers,' which would he like best, the Zanze or the very pride-in-love's dear sake. It scorns tests —
Pippa? . . . [all these periods are in the text]. too much scorns them, it may be."
No; nothing will conquer her dejection; fancies
But has she not already conceded that the age
will not do, awakening sleepy lilies will not do,"
was different when she says above that for
etc., etc.
these great gifts
This is of course indirect discourse; but does
“the endless descriptions of death
it quite fit?
He would brave when my lip formed a breath,—"
While the book is interesting, it cannot be
the lady “must give in return her love, as
said that all parts are of equal value. In the
love was understood at the court of King
case of some heroines no new point of view is
Francis’’? Is it not true that love in its rela-
presented; the character is merely described
as we are already familiar with her. This is
tion to marriage was differently conceived in
those days, and that we are not to judge of
true, for example, of much of what is said
that age by standards which apply only (so
about Pompilia, about the Countess Gismond,
far as we know) to our own? In fact, is it not
even about Pippa. Was it worth while to go
paradoxical to say that she thought right and
over the story of each of the poems at such
did wrong? If her act was the logical result
length ? Except for a certain class of imma-
ture or indolent readers, we doubt it.
of right thinking, how can it be maintained to
Too
have been a wrong act?
* BROWNING'S HEROINES. By Ethel Colburn Mayne. With One remark which the author makes about
frontispiece and decorations by Maxwell Armfield. New
York: James Pott & Co.
Phene is, it seems to us, merely fanciful:


1915 ]
259
THE DIAL
“ In this Passing of Pippa, silence and song is worth saying about this pitiful existence
have met and mingled into one another, for Phene
could be put in a single sketch. Fortunately,
is silence, as Pippa is song. Phene will speak few authors err in such a choice of subject.
more when Jules and she are in their isle together Fortunately, also, in nearly every group of
but never will she speak much: she is silence."
books two or three are found which distinctly
How do we know all this about Phene? We
advance the serious study of Napoleon's
never see her normal self in the poem.
achievements, and do this without committing
And when the author repeats, apparently the blunder of being dull. The most recent
with approval, Mr. Chesterton's comment, examples of this latter type are Mr. Edward
that having made Pippa Monsignor's niece, Foord's "Napoleon's Russian Campaign of
“Browning might just as well have made
1812” and Colonel Vachée's “Napoleon at
Sebald her long-lost brother, and Luigi a hus- Work,” published in Paris a little over a year
band to whom she was secretly married,” we ago and now translated.
must protest. Surely Browning had the same
Colonel Vachée had a definite pedagogical
right to represent Monsignor as Pippa's uncle
purpose in preparing his book. He desired
that he had to cause the Happiest Four in
to set forth in the person of the greatest of
Asolo to hear Pippa's song at the precise mo modern military leaders the characteristics of
ment when it would influence each of them as
successful leadership. He had in mind the
it does; and who are we that we should dis-
“future wars" in which France might be
pute him?
We suppose that the point at obliged to take a part,— wars which within
tempted in the above quotation is that making six months ceased to be future, and became
Monsignor Pippa's uncle renders the situation
tragically present. His method is not didactic
too melodramatic; but even if one were to
concede this, is melodrama necessarily un-
but descriptive. He shows how Napoleon
reached his decisions, and the exact manner
truthful? In that world of poetry of which,
in which at every stage of the proceedings
after all, Pippa is a denizen, we must take
the execution of his plan was secured. This
things as we find them.
necessitates a careful description of the im-
In spite of these adverse comments, how- perial staff and of the functions of each prin-
ever, it is our opinion that the volume con-
cipal officer. Colonel Vachée includes also two
tains much that is good. Miss Mayne has read
her Browning carefully and with open eyes.
chapters upon Napoleon's “Rewards and
Penalties," which were designed to secure the
Of her contention that Browning has been in-
fidelity of soldiers as well as officers, and were
jured by the blind worship of some of his suggested by a Machiavellian shrewdness. The
followers there is no doubt. And her book
last two chapters of the book deal with “Na-
will assuredly help to set forth the great poet poleon on the Battlefield.” The material for
in a truer light. CLARK S. NORTHUP. this study is drawn from official records and
correspondence, and from the recollections of
those brought into intimate contact with Na-
How NAPOLEON ORGANIZED VICTORY,*
poleon during his campaigns. One of the
The group of books which any publishing most valuable witnesses is Baron Fain, long
season adds to the already astonishing mass
Napoleon's trusted private secretary.
of Napoleonic literature gives evidence at least
The secret of Napoleon's successes lay in
of the heterogeneous interest which the great Colonel Vachée's opinion, not merely in his
man's career still provokes. The particular skill as a strategist, but chiefly in the energy
kind of interest seems occasionally beneath
and rapidity with which he drove his orders
the level of decent historical investigation. through to fulfilment.
through to fulfilment. On a campaign he
Why devote a volume to Count Léon, the vic-
was accustomed to go to sleep at eight and to
tim — in other words, the offspring -- of one
get up at twelve. The orders for the next day
of Napoleon's most fugitive amours! All that were drawn up and despatched between mid-
night and morning. A single illustration will
* NAPOLEON AT WORK. By Colonel Vachée; translated
from the French by G. Frederic Lees. With portrait. New
show how time, so vital in moving large bodies
NAPOLEON'S RUSSIAN
By Edward
of troops, was saved. Two or three days be-
Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
fore the battle of Jena, when his headquarters
AN UNKNOWN SON OF NAPOLEON (Count Léon). By Hector
Fleischmann. With portrait. New York: John Lane Co. were at Auma, the orders sent to all six corps
NAPOLEON AND HIS ADOPTED SON. Eugène de Beauharnais
and His Relations with the Emperor. By Violette M. Montagu.
and the cavalry were despatched between three
Illustrated. New York: McBride, Nast & Co.
and four-thirty in the morning. The order
THE STORY-LIFE OF NAPOLEON. By Wayne Whipple. Illus-
trated. New York: The Century Co.
to Bernadotte, who was then eighteen miles
THE DECLINE AND FALL OF NAPOLEON. By Field-Marshall
Viscount Wolseley, K.P. Third edition; illustrated.
away, was received in three hours and fifteen
delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
minutes. Bernadotte's corps, of more than
By Major Arthur Griffiths. Illustrated
in color, etc. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
20,000 men, was on the march within an hour
York: The Macmillan Co.
CAMPAIGN
Foord. Illustrated.
OF
1812.
Phila-
LIFE OF NAPOLEON.


260
(April 1
THE DIAL
and three-quarters, and at the close of t