stinctly unique and of his
own kind, no poet the annihilation of whose works
would more obviously deprive us of a definite and
original vein of sentiment. \Vhen \Vords-
worth is at his best he stands quite on a level with
the very highest.” In the paper on Carlyle the
author notes. what we do not remember to have
seen emphasized before. the masterful influence
upon the ~‘ clothes philosopher” of Fichte's ideal-
ism. His debt to the fantastic Richter, upon whom
he founded himself and from whose strange literary
conglomerate he made no scruple of carrying off
bodily various tempting crotchets and verbal turns,
is barely noted. Professor Caird is one of the
leaders in the movement tending to rehabilitate,
or perhaps we may say, to naturalize, philosophy
proper, as distinguished from orthodox British em-
piricism, in England; and, even in the literary
essays, his metaphysical habit of thinking makes
him at times a little hard for unmetaphysical
readers to follow. The exertion required is, how-
ever, well repaid. The articles on “ Cartesianism ”
(covering the systems of Des Cartes, Spinoza, and
Malebranche) and “ Metaphysic ” display the same
rare turn for exposition that makes the author's
admirable book on Kant the best in the English
language.
IN Miss Agnes M. Clei-ke’s “ Famil-
iar Studies in Homer " (Longmans)
we have certain aspects of Hellenic
life in the Homeric period well brought before us in
the light of the higher criticism and of recent archaeo-
logical research. The writer is a loving student of
her author; his least peculiarities are precious to
her. The flower which he has named blooms for
her henceforth a sacred thing. She tells us of the
Sludie: of Homer
as a poel
and a problem.
' problem.
The Muses would ,
man‘s vigorous version, now in Tennyson's. now in

Homeric stars and the Homeric animals. the Ho-
meric trees and flowers and magic herbs, the
metals, the amber, the ivory and the nltramarine
which furnish the weapons of Homer’s heroes and
i the decorations of his heroines, and gives us Ho-
meric bills of fare without leaving “so much as a
dish of beans to the imagination." In a prefatory
chapter she discusses ~~ Homer as a poet and a
” She knows what the critics have said
of him and how the translators have ravaged him.
She gives her illustrative quotations now in Chap-
Lord Derby's, now in Mr. lVay’s. now in her own
not unequal English. As to the personality of
Homer, she seems not quite sure whether the author
of the Iliad and the O(l_I/sse_I/ be one man or two, or
a guild of wandering bards, or the author. as Grote
thought, of a central Achilleid about which like
legends had been encrusted. or a critical editor who
had worked prehistoric ballads into a semi-consist-
ent whole.
TH]-: “ Colonial Era,” by Profes-
sor Fisher, of Yale University, is
the first volume of a new Amer-
ican History Series, published by Scribner's Solis.
The other volumes of the series are to be written
by Prof. Sloane of Princeton, President \Valker
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and
Professor Burgess of Columbia University (two
volumes). Professor Fisher has given us a very
compact and readable account of the period ending
with the year 1756. He divides the era into the
period ending with 1688 and the period from then
to 1756, and within each of these divisions he treats
each colony by itself, with the exception that New
England is considered more as a whole. Doubtless
the reason for this plan is the difiiculty of finding
any unity in the colonies at the time of which he
writes; but the result is to leave the reader with a
somewhat disconnected impression of the subject,
and with a knowledge of the names and deeds of
the various colonial governors rather than of the
deeper elements of colonial life. Perhaps the fun-
damental fact of the early history of our country
is the differentiation of the three sections, New
England, the Middle Region, and the South. The
unity of the subject lies rather in England than
on this continent, and by more attention to the
English basis of the period, and to the fundamental
economic and social factors in the history of these
various sections, a newer view of the subject might
have been presented. By following the time-honored
mode of procedure, however, Professor Fisher has
contented himself with a more or less annalistic
method of treatment. The distinctly valuable fea-
tures of the book lie in its judicious presentation of
the religious history of the period. As was to be
expected from the Professor of Ecclesiastical His-
tory at Yale, the author deals with the Puritans in
a sympathetic manner, and is disposed to extenuate
some of the actions for which they have been criti-
Ajudicfal view
0 the Amn-I1-an
ohmial Era.


148
THE DIAL
[Sept. 1,

cised; at the same time it cannot be said that he is
at all extreme in his conclusions. It is in this field,
particularly, that he seems to have made use of origi-
nal material. The least valuable portions of the work
are the early ones. He writes somewhat indefinitely
of the relation of the mound-builders to the other
Indians, but leaves the impression that he considers
them to have been a distinct people —— a view not in
accord with opinions of the best authorities. The
settlements of the Norsemen were not on the eastern
shore of Greenland, as the author says, but on the
western. He is wrong again in saying that the
“erroneous representation that the mainland was
discovered by Americus Vespuccius in 1497. resulted
in the attaching of his name to the New \Vorld.”
This error is the less to be excused, since, even if
Professor Fisher were not a student of the mono-
graphs upon this subject, the recent works of \Vin-
sor and Fiske should have set him right. It is at
least doubtful whether he is correct in the assertion
that “ as long as Henry VIII. acknowledged the
papacy, he had felt hound to respect the Pope’s
grant to Spain.” The degree of respect paid to the
papal division of the new discoveries, even by Catho-
lic countries, was very moderate. In spite of these
and similar slips, the work is on the whole accurate.
MR. J. A. SYMONDS and his daughter
Margaret have put into a volume
some uncommonly piquant sketches
of their “ Life in the Swiss Highlands ” (Macmil-
lan & Co.) Perhaps the most noticeable peculiarity
revealed by the authors—one a consumptive, the
other a young girl—is an entire and delightful dis-
regard for prudence or common-sense, when on ad-
venture bound. And adventures with them are de-
cidedly frequent, assuming such wild forms as to-
bogganing on glaciers in the High Alps; starting
small avalanches, to ride them down-hill; coasting
down sheer precipices on bundles of hay; or sleigh-
ing (quite needlessly) at the dead of night over
passes where the snow lay thirty feet, the path was
a mere thread bordered by abysses, and the postil-
lion, trusting solely to the surer instinct of his horse,
whispered (for fear of avalanches), “ One false
step—es ist mil uns um ! " “Well, it was all a splen-
did experience,” writes Miss Symonds; pi'oceediiig
calmly to relate that “the next day we crossed
eleven real big avalanches after Silvaplana, and
had two upsets of the luggage-cart, — otherwise
quiet." The fresh and unconventional personality
of this young woman is one of the most pleasing
features of the book. The animal spirits and love
of outdoor life common among highly-bred English
girls of the day are mingled in her with a rarer
poetic feeling for Nature. She recalls \Vords-
worth’s Lucy, “ moulded by silent sympathy" with
the spirit of the mountains. and finding in Nature
“both law and impulse.” It is, however, a Lucy
rendered refreshingly human by a vigorous appetite,
and a truly feminine predilection for “ fig-jain sand-
wiches” as sequel to a stifi' mountain-climb. Her
A father and
drmylilrr in I/It
Su~i.u Highlands.

sketches, beyond their charm of girlish sprightli-
ness, have an undeniable literary quality, evincing
an admirable power of developing narrative. That
called “ Summer in the Prattigau ” is as simple and
lovely as the sweet mountain-girt orchard it de-
scribes. It is interesting to trace the marked
intellectual family likeness between the father and
daughter, and to compare the grace and freedom
of the younger mind with the manly breadth of
the mature thinker. “ I have never been able," says
Mr. Symonds (and here lies the secret of much of his
power as a writer), “ to take literature very seri-
ously. Life seems so much graver, more import-
ant, more permanently interesting, than books.”
And it is a deep thought of life, a rich humanity
indeed, which breathes in certain pages of the ar-
ticle on “ Swiss Athletic Sports,” and in the really
wonderful description of a bell-ringing in that en-
titled “\Vinter Nights at Davos." Other interest-
ing points in the book are some accounts of the
natural history of avalanches and Swiss liotel-porters;
as well as an historical sketch of Davos, formerly
an elaborately-developed community, whose records
ought certainly to be worked up as a social and poli-
tical study by some enterprising university student.
THE average married man, who re-
A can nion I0 _ , _
rm -‘I r'|'r'r1'e.r fleets upon the details of his happi-
of a Buclizlor."
ness, does it very much in the man-
ner of Mr. Robert Grant’s amusing “Reflections
of a Married Man” (Scribner). The result is not,
certainly, an important book. although it is that
almost rarer thing, a pleasant one. It is altogether
kindly, and playful and wholesome. If one would
class it, he would put it on the shelf with “ Prue and
I ” and the *‘ Reveries of a Bachelor.” Its humor
is less imaginative than the Howadji’s, less senti-
mental than Ik Marvels. It is a little more of
this present world than either. Yet it is a painting,
not a photograph. The ideal element prevades it;
one hardly thinks, he dreams a little over its pages.
They do not incite laughter, but coax a frequent
meditative smile. The reader will like his own
wife better, noting the foibles of Mr. Grant's hero-
ine. It is a book for a honeymoon, or for a ham-
mock by a brookside. It might be read aloud by
a camp-fire without unduly hastening bedtime.
Mr. W. \V.\ima FOWLER, M.A., of
Lincoln College, Oxford, has pre-
pared for the “ Heroes of the Na-
tions Series” (Putnam) a serviceable volume to
explain ~'-to those who are coniparatively unfa-
miliar with classical antiquity the place which Cae-
sar occupies in the history of the world." Mr.
Fowler writes from a full knowledge of his subject,
and in a simple. impressive, and popular manner,
well suited to the readers addressed. His views
of Caesar's career are commended to the attention
of all by the straightforward and impartial manner
in which they are set forth. The author relies
chiefly upon contemporary evidence (above all,
A Jeri-icenble
rnluma about
.1:/[fur Ctrsnr.


1s92.]
149
THE DIAL
upon Caesar and Cicero), to the exclusion of much
that is said by later writers. He does not intro-
duce the discussions of obscure points and the cita-
tions of authorities which might be admissible in a
more extended and more critical biography. He
states emphatically that Caesar was neither the
founder nor the organizer of the Roman Empire,
nor were his conquests his greatest title to fame,
neither was the fact that he tempered strong gov-
ernment with justice and humanity. Conquests
had been made and administered with justice and
humanity before his day. It was his distinction
that he was the first Roman to apply what we should
call scientific iintelliyence to the problems of gov-
ernment. The book is supplied by the publishers
with a series of likenesses of Julius Caesar and some
of his great contemporaries, and also with maps and
other illustrative material.
Tnosms Ramaaur, whose biogra-
phy has been written by the Rev.
Norman Fox and published by Fords,
Howard and Hulbert, was a hard-working Baptist
preacher and college president. Although born in
Dublin, he was, as his biographer is very careful to
inform us at some length in the chapter on “An-
cestry," of noble French Huguenot extraction. Dr.
Rambaut’s first pastorate, of which we are given a
charming picture, was at Robertville, South Caro-
lina. It was in that golden age “befo' de wah,"
when the whites worshipped in the body of the
church and their negroes filled the galleries. After
a second pastorate at Savannah, Dr. Rambaut went
into educational work, and was president first of
Cherokee College, Georgia, and later of William
Jewell College, Missouri. No matter to what re-
ligious denomination they may belong, these small
and struggling lvestern colleges may all fitly be
denominated president-killers ; and it was not more
than five years before Dr. Rambaut's health broke
down under the strain of carrying forward work
enough for three men. It was only after years of
rest that he was able to resume work, and to enter
upon successive pastorates at Brooklyn, Newark,
and other places in the East. The story of his life,
though told in a somewhat effusive and superficial
manner, is that of an active and self-sacrificing de-
votion to the great causes of religion and education.
The life of rm
American ('0!-
Iege Premlmt.
IN these days when men are doubt-
ing whether “ a church termagant ”
has not. cuckoo-like, thrust itself
into the nest of the church militant, any honest
effort toward the organic unity of Christendom is
not without interest. It may prove a failure, and
then we see what road is no thoroughfare. It may
prove a partial success. and so suggest in what
direction to turn for the future. It may not be very
definable as either success or failure, and then it
serves to keep attention awake and set investigators
off, each on his own track, toward the desired goal.
The Church Club of New York City has made its
A plell for (lie
Organic Unity
of L'Iar1's!2mI0n|.

contributory venture in three little volumes, pub-
lished by Messrs. E. & J. B. Young & Co., of lectures
by bishops and presbyters of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church. These volumes are entitled’, respect-
ively, “ History and Teachings of the Early
Church,” “The Church in the British Isles, from
the Earliest Times to the Restoration,” “ The
Church in the British Isles, Post-Restoration Pe-
riod.” Their connecting thread is “the Historic
Episcopate." There are those who will fancy that
the weight of the argument will most impress those
already convinced of the conclusion, but the discus-
sion will have its interest for others. Dr. Allen's
paper on the Norman Church is noticeably fresh
and striking.
IN Professor Shackford’s posthum-
ous volume of essays entitled “So-
cial and Literary Papers" (Scribner)
we have a pleasant suggestion of how an old-fash-
ioned scholar amused himself reading and thinking
for half a century. The modern scholar is for the
most part over-absorbed in the technical part of his
studies, and very likely the professor’s pupils at
Cornell may have thought his attention too alert in
the matter of Greek particles. But here he drops
his scholastic methods and indulges himself in broad
human interests. He reads his Greek asless learned
men read their English. not as a study of gram-
mar, but from a delight in literature. His insight
into the difliculties of ]Eschylus has only quick-
ened his sensitive enjoyment of Shakespeare and
Browning; he finds Pope Innocent XII. and King
Lear as well worth studying as Prometheus. Hu-
man life is yet nearer to him than classical or ro-
mantic literature, and as he turns the pages of his
Aristotle or his Plato he is ever glancing off to note
the everyday wants and woes of his contemporaries
and ever seeking to apply to modern social pro-
gress some of the old-time wisdom not yet obsolete.
Culture does not always refine away the heart even
of dons in the universities.
Rena-alien: of
an olll-fruliioned
Scholar.
THERE are three paths along which
curious minds are travelling back to
the reconstruction of the prehistoric
ages. Two of them, archaeology and philology,
though recently opened, are already well-worn.
The third. folklore, is now for the first time at-
tempted. In a little volume in Appletons' " Modern
Science Series,” entitled “Ethnology in Folklore,”
Mr. George Lawrence Gomme, the president of
the Folklore Society, undertakes to set forth the
principles by which “the peasant and local ele-
ments in modern culture” may be classified, and
to trace the ethnological results. He reaches the
conclusion that side by side with modern industrial
and scientific and literary England lies a prehis-
toric England visible in the obscure usages and
superstitions of the peasant class; and the further
conclusion that these are a survival not from
our Aryan ancestors, but from unknown pre-Aryan
The folk-lore
clement: of
modem culture.


150
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
races whom they conquered and displaced. Mr.
Gomme has “ blazed " a path. Later investigators
will decide whether it leads into a swamp or a far-
viewing mountain top. Meanwhile, there are in-
teresting glimpses to be had all along the road.
T H1-I publishers of the excellent
and indispensable ‘ Bohn’s Libra-
ries" (Macmillan & Company)
have rendered a real service to students of Ger-
man literature by issuing in a single volume the
original text of Goethe's "' Faust ” Part I. and the
literal prose rendering of Abraham Hayward—pro-
nounced by Matthew Arnold ‘- the best ”because
“ the most straightforward,"—- together with Hay-
ward’s useful Appendices and Prefaces, “A Gen-
eral Survey of the Faust Legend " by C. H. Buc-
heim, and “A List of Books for the Study of
Faust.” The editor, Dr. Bucheim of King's Col-
lege, London, has carefully revised Hayward's not
altogether trustworthy work, simplifying his rather
pedantic prose, pruning away irrelevant notes and
adding new ones where needed. For the conven-
ience of the student. the original text and the trans-
lation are set opposite each other on alternate pages,
and the reference numbers to the notes are inserted
in the translation. The editing is thorough and the
arrangement practical; and we commend Dr. Buc-
heim’s work to students wishing to enter upon a con-
scientious study of one of the greatest poems of all
ages.
A boon to
Goelhc Slmlmls‘.
Tm~: Life of Charles Sumner, by Anna
Laurens Dawes, in the “ Makers of
America” series (Dodd, Mead &
Co.), is an especially thorough and thoughtful piece
of work. The style is condensed and “ meaty,” but
not always careful or correct. The book contains
in moderate spacea reasonably satisfactory account
of the stirring times in which Sumner lived and of
the great struggles in which he was engaged; and
yet it never abandons the narrative form nor
ceases to make him the principal figure. He is
portrayed fully in his weaknesses as well as in his
strength. It is evident that the author considers
Sumner a man great enough to be judged on his
merits. Though, perhaps, she may be able to
justify her allusion to the Virginia (sic) mud in the
streets of W'ashington, it would be more difiicult to
justify her implied statement that Milton left his
autograph in an Italian guest-book in 1600 A.D.,--
that is, eight years before his birth. But notwith-
standing numerous little slips. many readers will be
grateful to author and publishers for this cheap,
succinct, and readable biography of Charles Sumner.
Charles Sumner
as a maker
of A merica.
IT is a disappointment to find that
one who knows so much of the early
history of Kansas as Gov. Charles
Robinson cannot impart his knowledge better than
he does in his “ Kansas Conflict” (Harper). The
book is little better than a series of denunciations
An a'njurl1‘rinu.!
and one-si-Irrl
Kansas History.

of all others who took part in the anti-slavery
movement. in order to exalt himself and Mr. Eli
Thayer. John Brown. Jim Lane, and President
Lincoln share alike the vials of Robinson’s wrath;
James Redpath, F. B. Sanborn. and other histori-
ans of the movement, likewise come in for their por-
tion. The newspapers of the day are largely drawn
upon for material to pad out the book to double its
proper dimensions. The future historian of the
movement will have to search long in this bushel of
chaff before he finds the kernels of sound and un-
prejudiced information it unquestionably contains;
for the book is not only garrulous but one-sided.
BRIEFER MENTIO.\’.
C/i'rHcAR'r's " Literary Reader" has been for a long
time one of the best reading books for advanced pupils.
It has now been still further improved by a new intro-
duction, several new chapters, and by more extended
notices of the writers from whom the selections are
taken. The book is thus adapted more than ever to
serve as an introduction to English literature. (Amer-
ican Book Co.)
“Bnowmno’s Criticism of Life,” by William F.
Revel], and “ Walt lvhitman," by \"illiam Clarke, are
two volumes of the “ Dilettaute Library " (Macmillan).
The former consists of chapters upon Browning's re-
ligious thought and philosophy of conduct, rather vague-
ly put, and lending to nothing very definite. The latter
is one of the most careful and appreciative studies of
its subject yet made, both quotations and comments
being in good taste and suggestive. Americans will
wince at Mr. Clarke‘:-1 handling of our civilization, and
it is not in all respects quite just, but it makes whole-
some reading.
EACH one of Mr. Howells’s inimitable farces seems
more delightful than its predecessors, and “ A Letter
of Introduction ” (Harpers) is simply irresistible in its
mirth-provoking qualities. The central figure is that
of the travelling Englishman who waxes enthusiastic
about everything that seems to him peculiarly Ameri-
can, and invariably sees a joke within five minutes or
so of its enuuciation.
GOLDWIN SMlTH’8 “ A Trip to England” (Mac-
millan) has been reissued in a neat volume of hardly
more than vest pocket dimensions. This sketch is at
times so weighty in its suggestiveness that it has a con-
siderable element of permanent value. It well illus-
trates the difference between what the cultivated ob-
server and the ordinary traveller see in their surround-
mgs.
UNDER the title, “An Edinburgh Eleven” (Lovell,
Coryell & Co.), J. M. Barrie has drawn an amusing
series of “pencil portraits from college life.” His
student experiences at Edinburgh gave him a distin-
guished series of subjects to draw upon, for his gallery
includes Robert Louis Stevenson, Lord Rosebery, and
Professors Blackie, Sellnr, and Tait.
CH.AMBERs's Encyclopiedia, in its rewritten form, is
approaching completion, the ninth volume, extending
well through the letter S, being just published (Lip-
pincott). Maps of Russia, Scotland, and Spain are in-
cludcd, and a great variety of specially prepared arti-


1892.]
151
THE DIAL
elcs by the best authorities. Russia and Siberia are
treated by Prince Kropotkine, George Sand by George
Saintsbury, Scott by Andrew Lang, Shakespeare and
Shelley by Edward Dowden, and the Sonnet by Theo-
dore \'atts. For popular reference use upon all sorts
of subjects, “ Chambers’s” leads all the other works of
its class.
Tm-: volumes of the new Cambridge Shakespeare
(Macmillan) are appearing in stately succession under
the editorship of William Aldis \Vright, and two more
(the seventh being now at hand) will complete the
edition. It is a pleasure merely to look at the beauti-
ful pages of this work, to say nothing of that afiorded
by reading them.
Tm: Clarendon l’:-ess has issued, in the dignified
form characteristic of all its publications, a second edi-
tion of the late Mark Pattison’s "Isaac Casaubon”
(Macmillan), the work having been for some years
out of print. There are a few corrections, left in
manuscript by the author, and some additional notes.
The editorial supervision of the new edition has been
undertaken by Professor Nettleship. This biographical
and critical study was probably the most important
work of the Rector of Lincoln, and certainly deserved
to be kept before the public.
In a royal octavo volume of great beauty, illustrated
by wood cuts and colored plates, Mr. \V. Carew Hazlitt
has written a history of “The Livery Companies of the
City of London” (Macmillan). The whole subject is
discussed in a lengthy preface and general introduc-
tion, and then the guilds are taken up and described
one by one. Although the advancing tide of democ-
racy threatens these companies with destruction, Mr.
Hazlitt does not regard the menace as at present a
serious one, but rather looks upon them “as having
taken a fresh lease of their existence ” owing to their
recent return “ to that benevolent and religious mission
which first procured them toleration and power."
“SUNSHINE ” is the first of a series of “Nature's
Story-Books,” and is the work of Miss Amy Johnson.
It is a book of popular science for the young, and is
mainly devoted to the phenomena of light. In sim-
plicity of treatment, in variety of experimental illus-
tration, and in beauty of mechanical production, it is
the best work of the sort that we have seen. It makes
one think of the " Boys’ Own Books ” of a past genera-
tion, and so realize what one misses through having been
born too long ago. (Macmillan)
LITERARY N0'rr:s -\xn Ni~:\'.-.

MR. THEODORE \VA'l‘Ts makes his contribution to
the Shelley Centenary in the form of one of his match-
less sonnets, published in the September “ Magazine of
Art.”
THE great newspaper distributing and book-selling
business of \V. H. Smith & Son, in its growth and
present status, is described by a \".‘ltt?!‘ in the August
number of “The English Illustrated .\Iagnzine.”
G. P. PUTNAM'B Sons offer to send to any purchaser
of their edition of the “Tall:-yraiid l\lemoirs,” who
may apply, a four-page leaflet of important matter ac-
cidentally omitted from the work as first published.
“Scninm-:n's Maoszmi-2” has fallen into line, and
almouuces a series of articles on the Colombian .l'I.\'po-
sition. The first three will be written by Mr. ll. C.
Bunner, Mr. Franklin Macveagh, and Ur. Frank l).
Millet, and their publication will begin with October.
“ Ln>i>1nco'r'r’s ” for September is noteworthy as be-
ing a California number; that is, all the articles are
either by Californians or about their State. Since Cal-
ifornia has two good magazines of its own, it seems
hardly fair for an Eastern iuterloper thus to step in.
DR. }IALr:‘s interesting account of -" A New England
Boyhood,” which began in the August number of the
“ Atlantic Monthly," will continue through the rest of
the year. It is full of delightful reminiscences of Bos-
ton people and events, related in the characteristically
rambling manner of the author.
THE large amount of manuscript left by Professor
Freeman is said to include important materials for his-
tories of Greece and Rome, a work on King Pippin,
enough matter for a new volume on the Norman Con-
quest, and, what is still more interesting, matter for
one or more volumes of the "History of Sicily.”
Tm; announcement of a new Marie Bashkirtsefi vol-
ume, to be made up of diverse sorts of literary and ar-
tistic remains, seems to evoke other than joyful an-
ticipations on the part of the critics. “ There may
be people,” says the New York “Tribune,” dubiously,
“ who feel an interest in this morbid, hysterical, posing,
and utterly selfish Russian.” The worm will turn.
Tm.-: Shakespeare Society of New York announces a.
new four-text " Hamlet ” in an edition limited to 750
copies, 500 of which are limited to subscribers to the
“ Bankide Shakespeare.” The texts of 1603, 1604, and
1623, will be printed parallel with “a modern eclectic
text." There will also be a translation of the German
version of “Hamlet,” performed in Dresden in 1826,
and supposed to have been brought into Germany from
London by English actors in 1603. This important
work will he uniform with the " Bankside ” volumes.
Da. 0. W. Ho1.Mi-:s's eighty-third birthday was cele-
brated at his home in Boston, August 29. The poet was
in good health, and able to give a genial welcome to the
many friends who called on him. Letters and telegrams
were received from all parts of the world, and also many
beautiful presents, among the latter being a nautilus
shell set in silver, and having engraved upon it the first
stanza of Dr. llolmes’s poem “The Chambered Nau-
tilus,”— the tasteful gift of a Chicago lady. Mr. Whit-
tier contributed to the occasion a tender and beautiful
poem addressed to his old friend and fellow-poet, which
is printed in " The Atlantic” for September.
Till-‘. “Literary World ” translates from the “ Revue
Bleue ” the following gem of international literary
criticism: "The United States of America possesses
now but two poets, and they belong as much to France
as to America. I refer to Mr. Stuart Merrill and Mr.
Francis Viele Griffin. Among the living authors who
write verses, neither Mr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, not-
withstanding his physical resemblance to M. Renan,
nor the old Quaker, Jenn Fenille-Verte Vl'hittier, not-
withstanding his age and the purity of his intentions,
nor “mes. Emily Uietz, Emma Lazarus, Ada lsaacs, and
Zadel (iustafson, in spite of the great number of their
p0cms_not one of them is a ri-al poet. Nor was
James Russell Lowell n poet. But, on the contrary,
VValt Whitina||,the inagnificcnt and noble old man who
has just died, was every inch a pm-t.” The author of
these sapicnt reniarks is one M. de \'_\'z¢-gn, who is us
unknown to us as are most of the .~\mci-ican ports
whom he mentions.


152
[Sept 1,
THE DIAL
AN.\'0L'.\'er-;.\ir:x'i's 01-‘ FALL I’L'l3LI(.‘A'1‘l()NS.

In accordance with its custom at this season of the
year, TI-IE DIAL presents below a classified list of the
books announced for fall and winter publication in tli
United States. In the preparation of this list, great
care has been taken to make it accurate and compre-
hensive, but the indefiuitcness of the information rc-
ceived iii some cases has made classification difficult,
and it is possible that a few titles may not be found
under the heading first consulted. The list of juven-
iles, whieh is a long one, will not be printed until the
next issue. Including that list, nearly five hundred
titles will be given, representing about fifty publishers.
From this list new editions which are to be mere rc-
productions of earlier volumes have been excluded, but
all reprints that are to appear in new forin_.'is to
typography, illustration, notes, or editing—zire iii-
cluded, and, in case the text of a work has been rewrit-
ten or extensively revised,it is placed in its appropriate
category as anew book. Experience has shown us that
this list is appreciated by our readers generally, and
that it has been found especially useful by librarians
and others who need to know what books arc in pros-
pect in order to know what to buy. In view of these
facts, we feel justified in giving the list the extended
space that it requires. Embracing, as it does, the bulk
of the important publications of the year, it is of course
full of interest for the student of our current literature
and its tendencies. Some more extended analyses and
summaries of the list, with comments on features of
especial interest, would be desirable, but lack of space
compels us to leave this task to the reader, who will find
here abundant material for his generalizations and re-
flections. The list as awhole is a good oiie,— creditable
alike to American publishers and to the public from
which their support and encourageinent is derived.

_ Hisronv.
Three Episodes in Massachusetts History, by Charles Francis
Adams, in two volumes, with maps. $4.00.—Caesar, a his-
tory of the iu-t_of wa_r among the Romans, by Theodore
A. Dod e, U. S. A., il_lus., _$-"'r.00.—Pagan and Christian
Rome, odol ho Lanciani, illus.—Essa s, Historical and
Political, by enry Cabot Lodge.~The Eve of the French
Revolution, by Edward J. Lowell, $'3.00.—France Under
the Re ency. and the Administration of Louis-XIV.. by
James . Perkins, $2.00. ( Houghton, Mifllin & Co. I
The French \Var and the Revolution, by Wm. M. Sloane,
with maps, “ American History Series,” $l.‘l5.—Bernard
of Clilll‘\'3llX, the Times, the Man, and His \Vork, a his-
torical study, by R. S. Storrs, D. D.—The Refounding of
the German Empire, by Col. G. B. Malleson, with portraits
on copper, $1.75. lCharles Scribner‘s Sons.)
The Empire of the Tsar-s and the Russians, translated from
the French of Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, by Z. A. Ragozin.
with annotations' in 3 vols., with rnaps.—Thc Story of
Sicily, by E. A. F,reeman; The Story of the Tuscan Re-
ppblics, by Isabella Duffy; The Story of Poland, by W. R.
orfill; Story of Nations Series, each, 1 vol.. $l.50.— Ont-
lines of Roman Histo , by Prof. Henry F. Pelham, $1.25.
—A French Ambiissa or at the Court of Charles Il., Le
Comte do Cominges, edited by J. J. J usserand, from Com-
inge’s un ublished correspondence, illus., 83.50. —The
Coming o the Friars. and other mediieval sketches, new
edition, $1.25. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Story of Columbus, first volume in the Delights of His-
tory series. —El Dorado. or Pictures of the Spanish Occu-
pancy in America, by Prof. A. F. Bandelier.—The \Var-
riors of the Crescent. b WV. Davenport Adams.—Pictures
from Roman Life and Story, by Prof. A. l. Church.
(D. Appleton & Co.)
America, its Geographical History, 14172 to the present, by
Dr. “falter B. Scaife, illus., SI .51). (Johns Hopkins Press. J

London, n. rtrayal of the city and its people, from age to
age, by Valter Besaut, illns. 1 Harper 8.: Bros.)
Persia and the Persian Question, by the Hon. George N. Cur-
zon, in 2 vols., with man illu.strations.—-Twenty-five Years
of St. Andrews, Vol. I ., 1865 to 1890, by A. K. H. B.-
Fifty Years in the Making of Australian Histo . by Sir
Henry Parker, late Premier of New South ales.—A
Szcléool History of India, by G. U. Pope. (Longmans, Green
' 0.!
The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution, by
Capt. A. T. Mahan, U.S. N., in 2 vols., $6.——A Half Cen-
tury of Conflict, b Francis Parkman, in 2 vols., with
maps, $5. (Little, rown & Co.)
The Makers of Venice: s, Conquerors, Painters, and
Men of Letters, by Mrs. Oli hant, limited edition, pro-
fusely illns.—Life in Ancient ypt. tr. from the German
of Prof. Erman, by Mrs. Tirard, profusely illus. (Macmil-
lan & Co. 1
F rance in the Nineteenth Century, 1830 to 1890, by Elizabeth
2'¢(>:mi)ely Latimer, with portraits, $2.50. IA. C. McClur-g
o.
The Queens of England, b A es Strickland, new edition
from new lates, in 8 volvs.. ully illus.. $lli.—Itiner'nl’Y 0f
General ashington, from June 15, 1775, to Dee. ‘£3,178-'5,
compiled by William S. Baker, with portrait. $2.50. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
Ridpatl1’s History of the United States. new “Columbian
edition,” revised and enlarged, illus., $3.75. (Charles E.
Brown & Co.)
400 Years of American History, H9? to 1892, b Prof. Jacob
Harris Patton, iri2 vols., $5. (Fords, Howa & Hulbert.)
Writin of Christopher Columbus. edited, with introduction.
b aul Leicester Ford, with portrait, 75 cents. IC. L.
Webswr & Co. I
John C. Redman and William Eleroy
Curtis, $2..'i0.— istory of Argentina‘ by Mary Aplin
Sprague, $‘.’.:'i(l.— History of Bolivia. by T. H. Anderson.
$2.50. " Latin-American Republics." (C. H. Sergei & Co.)
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRB.
The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks. by Herbert B-
Adanis. Ph.D., in 2 vols., with portraits, $5.00. 1 Hongh-
ton, Mifilin & Co.l
The Life and Letters of Washington Allston, by Jared Flagg, illus.—~Three volumes on the Duchess of Be in
the " Famous Women of the French Court Series,“ eac , 1
vol., with portrait, $1.25.~l)ean Swift, some account of
his life, with extracts from his writings, b G. P. Moriarty,
with portraits on copper, $2.50. (Charles C ribner's Sons.)
John Wyclif, Last of the Schoolmen and First of the English
Reformers. by Lewis Sergeant; Napoleon, Vvarrior and
Ruler, by W. O’Connor Morris; each l vol. in the “ Heroes
of the Nations ” series illus., $1 .50.~—'l'he Life and Works
of Louis Agassiz, by Charles F. Holder, in the “ Leaders
of Science” series, illus., $1.50. (G. P. Putnam’s Sons.)
Abraham Lincoln, by William H. Herndon and Jesse W.
\Veik. in 2 vols., illus.—Tho Great Commanders Series,
edited by James Grant “iilson, aseries of popular biog-
ra hies, of which the first volumes will be lives of Admi-
I'8l)FRl'T1IgllC by Capt. A. T. Mnhan, General Taylor b
Gen. O. O. Howard, Gen. Jackson by James Parton - sac
vol. with steel portrait.—The Story of Columbus. by Eliza-
beth leston See] e, edited by Dr. Edward Eggleston,
illus., “ elights of listory Series.” (D. Appleton & Co.)
Memoirs of the Life of Henr Van Sehaaek, embracing selec-
tions from his correspon ence. by his nephew, Henry C.
Van Schaack, (A. C. MeClurg & Co.)
Abraham Lincoln, by C. C. Cofl-in, illus., $3.00.
& Bros.)
Nicholas Ferrar, with preface by the Rev. T. T. Carter, with
portrait. (Longmans. Green & Co.)
The Diary and Letters of Madame D‘Arblay (Frances Bur-
ney), with introduction by \V. C. \Vard, and prefaced by
Lord Ma.canlay’s Essay; with portraits. in Ii vols., “ Chan-
dos Classics." $2.25. (F. W'iirne & Co.)
Lord \Vol.seley, and the Earl of Shaftesbury. new volume in
“ Men with a Mission” Series. (Thomas Vl'hittaker.)
Life of Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, by Robert
Bi-owning, with introduction by C. H. Frith and other
material from new documents; limited American edition,
$2.00.-—Mary, Queen of Scots, by Rosalie Kaufmnnn, illus.,
"2.00.— Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, by Henry C.
“lhitney, illus., $3.00. (Estes & Lauriat.)
History of Brazil, b
1 Harper


1892.
153
THE DIAL
Aubobiographia, by Walt “ibitinan, edited by Arthur Sted- A History of Early En lish Literature, by Stopford A.
man, 75 cts. (C. L. Webster & Co.)
Life of Christian Daniel Ranch, Sculptor, of Berlin, Germany,
by Ednah D. Cheney, illus., (Lee & Shepard.)
Ignatius Donnelly, a biography, by Everett W. Fish. (F. J.
Schulte & C0. 1
The Youth of Frederick the Great, translated from the
French of Emest Sorbonne, by Mary Bushnell Coleman.
(S. C. Griggs & Co.)
George Eliot and her Early Home, by Miss Swinnerton, illus.,
$3.50. (R. Tuck & Sons Co.)
LITERARY MISCELLANY.
The Writings and Correspondence of Thomas Jefl'e:-son, ed-
ited by Paul Leicester Ford, Vol. I. (to be complete in 10
vols.), S,-">.00.——The “lritings and Correspondence of John
Jay, edited b Henry P. Johnston, fourth and last vol.,
$5.00.—The Vritings of George Vvashingtnn, edited by
Vilorthington C. F ord. fourteenth and last vol.. $:'>.00—The
Wit and W'isdom of Charles Lamb, compiled by Ernest
Dressell North, with portrait, $1.00.--Indian Fairy Tales,
collected and edited by Joseph Jacobs. illus., $1.75.-
Deutsche Volkslieder, German folk-songs, in the original
text, compiled b H. S. \Vhite, $l.50.—Tl� \Vritin . of
Thomas Paine. er ibed by M. D. Conway. in 2 vols. ( ‘. P.
Putnam’s Sons.)
Prose Idylls, by John Albee.——Natural History of Intellect,
and other papers, a new volume by {alph \‘Valdo
Emerson. with general index to Emei-son’s works, $1.75.
~—Thc Nature and Elements of Poetry, by Edmund Clar-
once Stedman, with topio analysis and index, $1.-'»O.—Au—
tumn. a new volume from the 'ournals of Thoreau, edited
by H. G. O. Blake, $1.50. ll oughton, Mifliin & Co.|
Tales from Ten Poets, done into prose by Harrison S. Morris,
in 3 vols., illus., 3 vols.. $I$.00.—Tales from the Dramat-
tists. by Charles Morris, in 4 vols., illus.. $4.00. (J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
The Libra , by Andrew Lang, with a. chapter on Modern
Englishrlllustrated Books, by Austin Dobson, limited edi-
tion. (Macmillan & Co.)
A Selection from the Letters of Geraldine Jeweburr to Jane
Welsh Carlyle, edited by Mrs. Alexander Irelan .—After
Twenty Years, a. collection of reprinted pieces, by Julian
Sturgis, .§1.00.—Fssays and Lectures, by the late Canon
Liddon. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
Americanislns and Briticislus, with other essays on other
goisms," by B1-under Matthews, $1.00. (Charles Scribner’s
‘ ns.)
Essa 's of Education and Culture, by W. H. veuable, $1.50.
I ee & Shepard. 1
References for Literary “Yorkers, by Prof. Henry Wat-son.—
The Best Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley, edited, with
an introduction, by Shirle C. Hnghson. " Laurel-
Crowned Letters,” $l.00.— he Best Letters of William
Cow er, edited, with an introduction, by Anna Benneson
Mcllv ahan, " Laurel—Crowned Letters,” $1.00. (A. C.
McClurg & Co.)
Earl ' Bibles of America, a chapter in Bibliography, by John
Vi’:-ight, l). D. (Thomas Whittaker.)
Fssays in Miniature, by Agnes Repplier, 75 cts. (C. L.
\Vebster & Co.)
Selected S eeches of Daniel Webster, edited by A. J. George.
(D. C. Heath & Co.r
'Chesterfield‘s Wit and Wisdom, maxims from his letters,
with portrait, $1 (Worthington Co.)
LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE.
The Old English Dramatists, six lectures by James Russell
Lowell. (Houghton, Mifiliu & Co.I
Outlines of English Literature, by William Renton, “Uni-
gfirsity Extension Manuals,” $1.00. (Charles Scribner’s
no.»
-Re%resent.ativel§l§nlg1ilz1-1l1LLiteratur% selsleelted lliy lzelrié-yTS.
coast.— ‘ is iterature, tie ate ern a en
Bziink. secondgvolume.—GerrnanyLite1-ature in its Chief
Epocbs, by Prof. Kuno Francke.—-Elements of German
S ntair‘, b Prof. H. Glavotn J€geg|anJn.—A Minlilmum
renc rammar, y ro . . . oynes. ( enry
Holt & Co.)
Fargiliiar Talks Ion En llish Liteialtuge, by Abby S e Rigi-
, t ‘ e 'tion, $1.5 .— ow o
Y..i°'épi.3i|“'1¢:§".§’.‘f‘iw§..i§"§.S§ Thely Look, by w. 0. T.
Hyde. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)

Brooke. (Macmillan Co.)
The Art of Poetry, the treatises of Horace, Vida, and Boi-
leau, edited by Prof. Albert S. Coolt.—Addison’s Criti-
cisms on Paradise Lost, edited by Prof. Albert S. Cook.~~
The Classic Myths in English Literature, by Prof. Charles
Mills Gayley.—Aualytics of English Prose and Poetry,
by Prof. L. A. Sherman. (Ginn & Co.)
Fasays on the Teaching of Modern Langu
“sh es, by well-
known American Professors.~An Eng ralnmar, with
continuous selections for practice. by Harriet Matthews.
(D. C. Heath & Co.)
The Best Reading, fourth series, includin the publications
of the years 18h'7—15‘.)l, !'.~'-1.00. (G. P. Putnam’s Sons.)
POETR Y.
At the Beautiful Gate. with songs and aspirations, by Lucy
La:-com. $1.00.—The song of the Ancient Peo le, by
Edna Dean Proctor, illus. in color.-—Sougs of gunrise
Lands, by Clinton Scollard, $l.00.—At Sundown. a new
volume of poems by J. G. \Vhittier, illus. by Garrett,
$1.50. lHonghton. Mifilin & Co.!
South Sea Id lls, by Charles Warren Stoddard, $l.50.—Un-
der the vening Lamp, by Richard Henry Stoddard.—
So about Life, Love, and Death, by Anne Reeve Al-
dric . $1.2-'1. [Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Lyrics and Ballads of Heine, Goethe, and Other German
Poets. translated by Frances Hellman.-—The Dream of
Art, and Other Poems, by Espy Williams, $1.00. (G. P.
Putnani’s Solis. '1
Three Centuries of English Love Songs, edited by Ralph
Caine. (l). Appleton & Co.)
Lyric Love, an Anthology. edited by William Watson, with
steel vignette after Stothard. (Macmillan & Co. D
Poems by Helen Jackson (H. H.). new complete edition,
illus., $3.00.—-lean Ingelow’s Complete Poetical Works,
in two vols., illus., $3.U0.—Philip Bourke Mar-ston’s Com-
gets Poems. edited, with a memoir, by Mrs. Louise C.
oulton, with portrait. $2.00. (Roberts Bros.)
By the Atlantic, later poems, by I. D. Van Dnzee. $2.00.
f Lee & Shepard. )
Athelwold, a tragedy in five acts, by Amélie Rives Chanler,
illus. (Harper & Bros. l
King Poppy. by Owen Meredith rtbe late Lord Lytton), a
new vo ume of poems. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
Echoes from the Sabine Farm, bein certain Horatian Lyrics
done into English by Eugene an Roswell M. Field, illus.
by Garrett.—Valeria, and Other Poems. by Harriet Mon-
r0e.—Eleusis. and Lesser Poems, b lvilliam Rufus Per-
kins. $1.00.—Poe of the Gatbered§'ears. compiled byM.
H., $l.00.—Some hymes of Ironquill of Kansas, $l.00.—
Songs and Sonnets, and Other Pieces, by Maurice Francis
Egan. $1.00. (A. C. McClurg&Co.)
Poems Antique and Modern. A Book of Day Dreams, and
The Ban net of Palacios, three volumes of verse by Charles
Leonard oore, Dr. lveir Mitchell's “ new poet.’ (Henry
Holt & Co.)
Frcrros.
David Alden’s Daughter, and Other Stories of Colonial
Times, by Jane G. Austen, $1.2.'>.—Ja.clmry Phips, a novel,
by Edwin Lasseter Bynner, $1.2-'r.—The Sto of a Child,
by Margaret Deland, $l.‘l5.—The Chosen Va ley, a novel,
by Mary Hallock Foote.—Uncle Remus and His Friends,
by Joel Chandler Harris.—\-Vinterborough, by Eliza Orne
lvhite, $1.25. lHonghton. Mifilin & Co.)
Marse Chan, b T. N. Page, illus. by Smedley. $1.50.—The
Beach of Fiialessi. and the Bottle Imp, by Robert Louis
Stevenson. lCharles Sci-ibner’s Sons. l
The Ivory Gate, a novel, by Walter Besant. $1.?-"'3.
& Bros.)
From Dusk to Dawn. by Katharine P. “'oods.——A new volume
of Stories by Rudyard Ki linz.~ God’s Fool, by Maarten
Maartens.——A Stumble on t eThreshold, by James Payn.-—
Mrs. Bligh, b Rhoda Broughton.—Passing the Love of
Women, by Mrs. J. H. Needell. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Initials. by Baroness Tautpliceus. in 2 vols.. $‘.’.5().—An
Artist in Crime, by R. Ottoleugui, $1.00. (G. P. Put-
nam’s Sons.)
Crow’s Nest and Belhaven Tails. stories by Mrs. Burton Har-
rison, illus.. $l.‘.Z5.—()ld Vvays and-New. stories by Viola
Roseboro, illus., $1.25. — Characteristics, by Dr. Weir
Mitchell, $1 .'.!:'3.—-'I'l|e Chatelaine of La Trinité, by Henry
B. Fuller, illus., $1.25. (Century Co.)
1' Harper


1-54
[Sept. 1 ,.
THE DIAL
.\Iaid Marian and Robin Hood, by J. E. Murdock. illus., $1.50.
-—-The Dragon of Wantley, a romance, by Owen \Vister,
illus.. $2.00. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Don Orsino, by Marion Crawford.— Children of the Kin , by
Marion Crawford.—Under Pressure, by Marchess heo-
doli.-—IIelen Treveryan, by John Roy. (Macmillan & Co.)
The New Adam and Eve. a story, by C. J. Hyne, $1.00.
(Longmans. Green & Co.)
The Admiral’s Last Voyages, by Charles Paul MacKie, $1.75.
-—Other Things being Equal, by Emma ¥Volf, $1.00.-
.\Iarianela, asto of Spanish love. translated from Spanish
of B. Perez Gal os, by Helen W. Lester, $1.00. (A. C.
MoClurg & Co.)
An Erring Woman's Love. b Ella \Vheeler Wilcox, $2.50.-
Woman Thro’ a .\Ian’s ye Glass, by Malcolm C. Salo-
man, illus.. P?-l.'.’5.—The Other House, by Kate Jordan,
illus., $l.25.—Army Tales, by John Strange \Vinter,
$1.00.—The White Feather, by Taama, 81.00. (Lovell,
Coryell & Co.I
John Puget, by Miss S. B. Eliott, author of "Jerr ."—Jack
0’ Doon, a story of the Carolina coast, by hfrs. .\laria
Beales. (Henry Holt & Co.)
The American Claimant, a romance b Mark Twain, illus..
$1.-'$0.—Georgia Stories, by Richard Malcolm Johnston,
75 cts. (C. L. Webster & Co.)
East and West, a sto of New-born Ohio, by Edward Ever-
ett Hale. $l.00.—— ist. ye Landsmen ! a romance, ll»! \V.
Clark Russell, $1.00.-—-'I‘ween Snow and Fire, a aifir
Border Tale, by Bertrand Milford, $l.U0.—A new paper
series to be called Cassell's Pocket Library, per number,
15 cts. (Cassell Publishing Co.)
A “'oman’s Philosophy of Love, by Caroline F. Corbin, $1.50.
(Lee & Shepard.)
Prairie People, a collection of short stories by Hamlin Gar
land, $l.2:'1.—American Push, by Edgar awcett. $1.25.
EA: I)ndi Girl, by Forest Crissey. $1.25. (F. J. Schulte
0-
The Hungarian Girl, translated from the German, by S. E.
Baggs, illus.. $l.00.—-A new novel by Harold Frederic.
(Robert Bonner‘!-1 Sons. |
Roland Graeme. Knight, by Agnes M. Machar, $1.00. (Fords,
Howard &. Hulbert.)
Eae(§La(r’|(;l)West, a novel, by Mrs. Homer Reed. (C. H.Sergel
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Swiss Reformation, Vol. Vll. in the History of the
Christian Church, by Philip Schaif, D.D., illus.—-Chris-
tian Ethics. by Newman Smith, D.D., $‘.Z.5(>.—Tlie
Teachings of Jesus, by Hans Heinrich VVendt, D. l)..
translated by Rev. John \'ilson, Vol. II.. $2.50. (Charles
Scribner's Sons. I
Scenes from the Life of Christ, pictured in Holy Word and
Sacred Art-, edited by Jessica Cone.—-\Vhat Is the Bible ?
b Rev. J. T. Sunderlund, new revised edition.—The
Church in the Roman Empire, A. l). U-1-170, by Prof. \V. H.
Ramsay. (G. P. Putnam’s Sons.)
The Love of the \Vorld, a Book of Religious Meditation, by
.\Iary Emily Case, $1.00. (Century C0.)
Guide to the Knowledge of God, translated from the French
of Prof. A. Gatry, by Abby Langdon Alger, $3.00. (Rob-
erts Bros.)
St. Peter and the First Years of Christianity, translated from
the French of the Abbé Fonnrd, b G. F. X. Grifiitlna
Sermons, by the Rt. Rev. Ashton xenden, D.D., with a
memoir and portrait. —The Origin and Development of
Religious Belief, by Rev. S. Baring-Gould, new edition in
2 parts. (Longmans, Green & Co.
The lndwelling Christ, and Other Sermons, by Henry Allen,
I).l)., $I.75.—Cliristianity Between Sundays. by liev.
George llodges.—Aids to the Devout Study of Criticism,
by liev. T. l\. Cheyne, $‘.!..-'>0.—Serni0ns. by Charles Hud-
don Spurgeon, $1.00. (Thomas Whittaker.) ’
The Historical Prayer Book, edited by Rev. J. Cnrnford,
$2.00.--llistory of the Church in Eastern Canada. -$l.HtI. —
Round the Round “lorld on a Church Mission, illus.-'l‘he
Bible nml the Monuments, by Rev. A. H. Snyce. (E. dc
J. B. Young & Co.)
llistory of the Church in Spain. by F. .\leyrirk. i\l.A.. with
index and maps, S'.f.01I.— History of the Church in lrolnml,
by Tlioimut Ogden. l\l.A.. with index and maps. 32.1%).
»—llow God Inspired the Bible, a book for the tiines, by
J. Patterson Smythe. Elements of Moral Theolo;_vy, by
the Rev. J. J. Elmenrlorf. 3‘-fiat), (James Pott & Co.)

The Eve Day of Life, by Rev. J. R. Miller, D.D. (T. Y.
Crowel & Co.l
No “Beginning." or the Fundamental Fallacy, by \Villiam H.
Maple. (C. H. Kerr & Co.l
Bible Studies, readings in the Old Testament, with charac-
teristic comment by He lvard Beecher, edited by John
R. Howard, 81.50. (Fo s, Howard & Hulbert.)
Daily Prayers for the Household for a Month, by Rev. J.
Oswal Dykes. $1.50. (Thus. Nelson & Sons.b
Faith-Healing, Christian Science, and Kindred Phenomena.
by Rev. J. M. Buckley, $1.25. (Century Co.|
TRAVEL, Dascmrrion, AND Anvi-:n'rUn.;.
An American Miasiouarv in Japan, by M. L. Gordon. M. D.-
Japan, Its History, Folklore, and Art, by W. E. Grifiis,
D.D., 75 cents.—ln the Levant, by Charles Dudley
\Varner. illus. in photogravure, in 2 vols., $5.00. IHough-
ton, Mifilin & Co.)
The Great Streets of the World, articles by Richard Hard-
ing Davis, Andrew Lan , and others. profusely illus.,
8-l.00.—The Armies of t e lvorld, illus., by De Thul-
strup.—Afloat and Ashore on the Mediterranean, by Lee
Merriwether, illus.—Spanish Cities, by Charles Augustus
Stoddard, illus., 81.5().—Blackfoot Lodge Tales, by
George B. Grinnell, illus. |Charles Scribner's Solis. I
The Danube, from the Black Forest to the Black Sea, b%_F.
D. Millet, illus. by author and Alfred Parsons.— be
11;:-aise of Paris, by Theodore Child, illus. (Harper &
roe.)
Notes by a Naturalist, observations durin a voyage round
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Green tk C0.)


1892.]
THE DIAL
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156
[Sept. 1,
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gems, embracing De
'l‘0i>rcs IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
September, 1893.
Accidents, Incalculuble. W. A. Eddy. Popular Science.
American Architecture, Recent. Bryan Lathrop. Dial.
American Home in Europe, An. VV. H. Bishop. Atlantic.
Anecdote, Power of. S. A. Bent. North American.
Bibliolatry, Decline of. T. H. Huxley. Popular Science.
Blind's Education, The. Illus. Mrs. F. R. Jones. Scribner.
Bright, John. Charles Mclmren. North American.
Buffalo, The Last of the. Illus. G. B. Grinnoll. Scribner.
California Eras. H. H. Bancroft. Lippincott.
California Missions. Laura B. Powers. Californian.
California Topography. VV. C. Morrow. Lippinmll.
Campaign Morals. H. Vi’elsh and M. D. Harter. Forum.
Chapman. James Russell Lowell. Harper.
Chemical and Geographical Wiords. F. A. Fernald. Pop. Sci.
Chicago's Convention. Illus. M. Halstead. Cosmopolitan.
Chicago University, The. Dial.
China’s Treatment from America. Yong K. Yen.
Church, The Enlarged. David Swing. Forum.
Civil Courts, Our. J. W. Smith. Chaulauquan.
Columbus. Emilio Castelar. Century.
Columbus. \V. E. Curtis. Choulauquun.
l)eath—Ma.sks. Illus. Laurence Hutton. Harper.
Delaware Indians in Art. Illus. C. C. Abbot. Popular Sci.
Dvor./sk, Antonin. Illus. H. E. Krebiel. CGMUT]/..
Democratic Tariff Platforms. J. S. Morrill. North American.
Diseases, Infectious. G. M. Sternherg. Popular Science.
Drama. The. Richard Mansfield. North American.
Education, Southern. Illus. C. W. Dabney, Jr. Cosmopol.
Electioneering, English. H. W’. Lucy. North American.
Farallones Islands. San Francisco. Illus. Overland.
Flammarion, Camille, and Mars. Illus. Review QfRrviews
Fox Hunting. Illus. E. S. Martin. Harper.
French Art. Illus. VV. C. Brownell. Scribner.
Garza Raid, The. M. Romero. North American.
Geography and Science. A. D. Wliite. Popular Science.
Ghosts and Photography. illus. Elliot Cones. Californian
Giddings, Joshua R. Samuel \'i'illard. Dial.
Girard College. W. H. Zeller. Chnulcruquan.
Gladstone and the Irish Situation. Chautauquan.
Gladstone‘s New Administration. Justin McCarthy. No. Am
Havana. James K. Reeve. Chautauquan.
Hawaiian Black Art. Illus. A. N. Fisher.
Homestead. J. B. lvallier. Cosmopolitan.
Homestead. W. C. Oates and others. North American.
Homest.ead’s Lesson. C. F. Black. Forum.
Inandi, Jacques. Alfred Binet. Chaulnuquan.
India. Illus. Joseph Simms. Californian.
Ignorance vs. Innocence. Amélie Rives. North American.
Involuntary Movements. Illus. Jos. Jastrow. Pop. Science.
Jersey. Illus. Mary Hashrouck. Cosmopolitan.
Journalism of California. M. H. de Young. Lippinrotl.
Labrador‘s Grand Falls. Illus. H. G. Bryant. Century.
Lepers of Siberia. Kate Marsden. Review ofRwicws.
Memory. Romance of. S. R. Elliott. Atlantic.
Mica. C. H. Henderson. Popular Science.
Michel. Louise. ‘V. T. Stead. Review of Reviews.
Mich.Universit.y, Popular Education at. H. C. Adams. -Forum.
Modern Medimvaliam. Marian Mend. Dial.
Monet. Claude. Illus. Theo. Robinson. Century.
Negro's Religious Progress. H. K. Carroll. Forum.
Forum.
Californian.
Névsky Prospékt. Illus. Isabel Hapgood. Scribner.
Odom and Smell. Charles Henry. Popular Science.
Packhorses, Alaskan. Illus. E. J. Glave. Century.
Paine. The True “Tom.” Dial.
Paris, Lit,erar_v. Illus. Theodore Child. Harper.
Pescadero Beach. Illus. Helen F. Lowe. Lippinrntt.
Pellew. George. W. D. Howells. Cosmopolitan.
I’enns_vlvanin’s Mine Laborers. Henry Rood. Forum.
Poe's Female Friends. E. L. Didier. Chautauquan.
Poetry, Imagination in. E. C. Stedman. Century.
Pomona, Calif. Illus. H. J. Hall. Californian.
Posters. Pictorial. lllus. Brander Matthews. Century.
Primer and Literature. H. E. Scudder. Atlantic.


1892.]
THE DIAL
157
Pueblo Indians. Illus. C. F. Lummis. Scribner.
Quail Shooting. Illus. J. A. A. Robinson. Overland.
Rome’s Fall, Its Cause. J. S. Hittell. Overland.
Russia and America. H. F. Cutter. Overland.
Scandinavians in the Northwest. K. C. Babcock. Forum.
Science in Business. John Habberton. Clzautauquan.
Science. Next Great Problems of. R. H. Thurston. Forum.
Shelley’s Prometheus. Vida D. Scudder. Atlantic.
Shoes. lllus. A. J. Moore. Cosmopolitan.
Society. Mrs. A. E. Barr. North American.
Spectres. British. Illus. Esther Singleton. Cosmopolitan.
Staging in the Redwoods. Calif. lllus. Overland.
Strikes and their Remedies. Review of Reviews.
“Tariff for Revenue." Its Meaning. D. A. Wells. Forum.
Tariff Plank at Chicago. W. L. “lilson. North American.
Tilden Library. The. Illus. John Bigelow. Scribner.
Tintoretto. lllus. “T. J. Stillman. Century.
Tobacco Habit, The. Jules Rochard. Popular Science.
Town Meeting. A New England. Illns. Harper.
Venal Voters. J. J. McCook. Forum.
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Westem Proviucialisms. E. IV. Howe. Forum.
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No.150. SEPTEMBER 16,1892. V01. XIII.


Cosrxxrs
PAGI
W1-IITTIER (Poem). James Vila Blake . 173
THE THREEFOLD LOSS OF AMERICAN LET-
TERS: Wmrrum, Pnnsoxs, Cunrzs (With Bi-
ography and Bibliography) . . . . . . . . 173
WHITTIER AND SLAVERY. Samuel Willard . . 175
POETS’ TRIBUTES T0 A POET 176
Poems to Whittier from Lowell, Bayard Taylor’, El C:
Stedrnan, Holmes, Longfellow, and Paul H. Hsyne.
FRANCE UNDER LOUIS PHILIPPE AND NAPO-
LEON III. E. G. J. . 178
GEORGE MASON OF VIRGINIA. A. C. McLaughlin 181
JOWETT’S DIALOGUES OF PLATO. W. S. Hough . 183
RECENT BOOKS OF POETRY. lVill|'am Moflon
Pa;/ne................
Swinburne's The Sist0rs.—— Hosken’s Phaon and
Ssppho.—Kipling’s Ballads and Barrack-Room Bal-
lads.—Henley’s The Song of the Sword, and Other
Versss.— Shsrp’s Flower o’ the Vine, Romantic Bal-
lads. and Sospiri di Roma.—Nesbit’s Lays and Le-
gends (Second Series).—Pollock’s Leading Cases
done into English, and Other I)iversions.— Lang's
Helen of Troy, her Life and Translation.-Maclmy’s
Love Letters of a Violinist, and Other Poems.—
Saintshury's Seventeenth Century Lyrics.—Horton‘s
Songs of the Lowly, and Other Poerns.— Batss’s Told
in the Gate.—I4,i.hrop’s Dreams and l)ays.——Mrs. Moul-
t0n’s Swallow-Flights.—Susan Spslding’s The Wings
of Icarns.—Norton's Translation of Da.nte’s Paradise.
BRIEFSONNEWBOOKS. A good—tempered Englishman's views of Americs.—
Professor IIuxley’s hard crabtree and old-iron con-
troversies.—A completed section of Herbert Spen-
cer’s Principles of Ethics.—An unsatisfactory biog-
raphy of Thomas Carlyle.-—Lessons from the Sermons
of Theodore Parker.—Timely and charming chapters
in Popular Astr0nomy.———Lifc and Manners in the
Blne~Grass Region of Kentucky.—A chatty and gos-
sipy book about Stage-plays.
BRIEFER MENTION . . . . . .
LITERARY NOTES AND NEWS .
COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
The Vacant “ Easy Chair.”—Has America a Laure-
ate ?—“'ho Reads s Chicago Book ?—'I'he Shelley
Memorial Subscription.
ADDITIONAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS .
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
185
. 192
.195
.196
WHITTIER.
If God reach down, whom should he take but thee ‘I
Poet of Justice, F reedom’s bard and friend,
Go thou up high. To Freedom's self ascend,
Where throng the just in holy liberty.
Poet of Prayers, singer of Piety,
Fly thou where holy precincts have no end,
Wliere praise resounds, and thankfulness doth send
Psalms up for aye and aye. Love calleth thee
Her poet, and Man's, and God's. Now go thy way
To courts where perfect love is perfect light,
And tenderness pervades with precious ray,
Nor needeth beam of sun, nor knoweth night.
First to his own comes God, with them to stay,
And then to God his own up-taketh flight.
J AXES VILA BLAKE.

THE THREEFOLD LOSS OF AMERI-
CAN LETTERS.
Death has been busy during the past fortnight.
and among his victims are three of those whose
names are the most honored in American letters:
John Greenleaf Whittier, lyrist of freedom and in-
terpreter of New England's inmost spirit; Thomas
William Parsons, bearer of the message of Italy
and of art; George \Villism Curtis, sstirist whose
hand was none the lass heavy for being gloved, and

steadfast upholder of the civic ideals that have
made our nation great. Rarely has so heavy a
loss been sustained by us, or so genuine an expres-
I sion of sorrow been evoked.
Of the three men who have just been taken
3 from us, John Greenleaf Whittier doubtless filled
.190‘
the largest place, and had the strongest hold upon
the afiections of his countrymen. He was one of
the group of half s. dozen poets whom most of us
have grown up to regard as constituting a class by
themselves, to think of as the giants of our young
literature. Emerson and Bryant, Longfellow and
Lowell, have gone; Whittier has now joined their
com pany, and Holmes alone remains. Those whom
i we have been wont to look upon as our younger
I other generation crowds upon their heels.
.192:
poets have really, by the insensible operation of
time, already become our older ones. and still an-
But it
is doubtful if any other group of writers will ever
occupy quits so high a. place in popular esteem as is
- occupied by the group of which Holmes is now the
sole living representative. Their work was done
at a time when the nation seemed to have for poetry
a craving that it no longer possesses, and when the
influence of poetry was heightened by an exalta-
tion of the national spirit born of the stress of


174
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
growth and culminating in a great political crisis.
Of the group of poets with which he will ever be
associated, Whittier surely was, if not quite the
truest of artists, the best-beloved of men. \Vith
the sacred cause of human freedom his name, like
those of his fellow singers, is indissolubly linked, and
more closely than any other with the life of New
England. For his life was so shaped that he never
lost touch with the New England spirit, and the
landscape, the legend, and the pastoral life of that
region found in him an interpreter of the most
intimate knowledge and unfailing sympathy.
“ Snow Bound ” is the poem par e.z-cellerzce of New
England, and the familiar judgment that assigns
to it a place in our literature similar to that occu-
pied in English literature by “The Deserted Vil-
lage.” is as just as it is trite. But this is by no
means the only likeness that claims the attention.
Whittier’s ballads make of him the New England
Burns as truly as do his idyls the New England
Goldsmith. And he may surely be called the New
England Herbert whose simple faith found ad-
equate and perfect expression in the lines:
" I know not where His islands lift
Their fronded palms in air ;
I only know I cannot drift
Beyond His love and care.”
In such lines as these (and they are not as infre-
quent in Whittier’s work as many suppose), he at-
tains the faultless and absolute simplicity of style
that we recognize as the highest art, and that makes
us prefer Lord Tennyson's “ Crossing the Bar,” for
example, to many a subtler and more complex piece
of workmanship. But still other suggestions of
other poets recall to us the fact that Whittier's was
not altogether the narrow range commonly recog-
nized. “ The Cities of the Plain " is Byronic, if a
little imitative, and the poems inspired by the
Italian struggle for freedom have an almost Swin-
burnian fire in their passionate denunciation of
priestly and kingly tyranny. In “ The Voices ” and
“The Chapel of the Hermits " there is at least a
suggestion of so modern a poet as Arnold, and
“ Ichabod” is a more impressive lament over a
“lost leader" than the one left us by Browning.
Many other suggestions of this sort may be found
if one will search a little for them, and Whittier's
sincerity was such that he will hardly be charged
with being merely imitative.
And yet,—for we cannot quite disengage from
their works the personality of our American sing-
ers,—it is the man no less than the poet who has so
long had tribute of our affection and now has trib-
ute of our tears. How earnestly and with what
efiect he threw himself into the struggle against
slavery, is a matter of familiar history. And
afterward, when the struggle was over, and the
great work done, he wrote these memorable words:
“ I am not insensible to literary reputation; I love,
perhaps too well, the praise and good-will of my
fellow-men; but I set a higher value on my name

as appended to the Anti-Slavery Declaration of
1833 than on the title-page of any book.”
“ lt is indeed
Forever well our singers should
Utter good words and know them good
Not through song only; with close heed
Lest, having spent for the work’s sake
Six days, the man be left to make.”
Full of days and honors, the poet of New En-
gland has left a world made richer by his life. For-
tune has dealt gently with him ; how kind she has
been was beautifully expressed by a writer in Tm-:
DIAL nearly four years ago, from whose article we
reproduce the following passage: “T0 be. if not
the acknowledged leader, at least the chief inspirer
of one of the most unselfish of historic movements;
to wed no bride but Freedom, and to bend her
mighty bow to such flame-tipped shafts of song as
other poets dedicate to some half-ideal Laura or
Beatrice;to be like his Master despised and re-
jected of men, and in His spirit to rebuke the
hypocrites and Pharisees of his time;to find all
men as stocks and stones, and to realize the fable
of Orpheus by drawing them all after him through
the might of song; then, his Utopia no longer a
dream, to live many years of peaceful activity and
growth amid the benedictions of emancipated
millions ;—- such has been the happy lot of our
heroic singer."
Thomas \Villiam Parsons was one of those poets
who, like Lander, appeal to -but a limited audi-
ence ; who find their reward in the steadfast affec-
tion of the few rather than in the applause of the
many. Judged by the world's crude test of popu-
larity, his place in our literature is insignificant;
measured by the exacting standards of art, few of
our poets have so high a place as his. His work
exhibits a fine spiritual endowment, and a mind
responsive to the subtlest appeals of nature or of
art. It will bear very close examination; indeed,
its excellence fully appears only upon close exam-
ination. A certain old-fashioned manner in the
work constantly reminds us that its author is one
of our elder poets (he was born in the same year
as Lowell). Italy afforded him his best inspira-
tion. and it is as the translator of Dante that he is
most widely known. His poem “On a Bust of
Dante" is one of the finest things of the sort in our
language. How well he could work in a lighter
vein, when he chose, is best illustrated by the lyric
in praise of “ Saint Peray.” His translation of
the -‘Cinque Maggie” poem of Manzoni was an
achievement as successful as it was difficult. As
for his translation of Dante into rhymed quatrains,
it is certainly the equal of any other; many regard
it as the best ever made. It is, unfortunately, in-
complete, and what there is of it was given to the
world in so furtive a way that many are unaware
of its existence. The "Inferno." published in
1867, and the “ Antepurgatorio," published in 1875,
are both very rare volumes. A few more cantos of
the “ Purgatcrio” may be found in the files of the


1892.]
175
THE DIAL
“ Catholic World.” These translations and a thin
volume of “ Poems ” (1854), are the author's chief
claim to remembrance,— and yet no light one, for
the quality of the work is exquisite, and it is quality
that tells in the long run.
George \Villiam Curtis has left little or nothing
of permanent literary value, and yet few of the
men of letters of our time have exerted so wide an
influence or occupied so marked a position. He
belongs to the class of writers of whom Voltaire
is the most illustrious example: men who do a very
efiective sort of literary work, but do not embody
it in any shape likely to be enduring. They have
their compensation in the consciousness of good
work done, and in the wielding of an influence that
they can at once measure and enjoy; but they know
that for the future they will b_e only a memory.
The gentle satirist of the “ Easy Chair,” the earn-
est editor of “ Harper's Weekly,” and the eloquent
public speaker, now laid to rest, was a potent fac-
tor in the forces that made for whatever sweetness
and light our civilization has attained to; all that
he touched he adorned. and he dignified both the
literary calling and the walks of public life. In
the forefront of the anti-slavery agitation, of the
movement for civil service reform, of the protest
against the political attitude that forgets-honor for
the sake of partisanship, he followed his high civic
ideals, regardless, on the one hand, of the “ practi-
cal " man's contempt for so visionary a course,
and, on the other, of the imputation of unworthy
motives by the base. No “liegeman of the crowd,”
he well knew
“ lvhat all experience serves to show,
No mud can soil us but the mud we throw,"
and he, if any man, might proudly echo Lowell’s
boast:
“ I loved my country so as only they
Who love a mother fit to die for may ;
I loved her old renown, her stainless fame.-
What better proof than that I loathediher shame? "
BIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY.
John Greenleaf \Vhittier was born December 17,
1807, near the city of Haverhill, Massachusetts. His
early years were spent mainly on his father’s farm, and
he had a good common school education. His first
published poem was printed in the Newburyport
“Free Press,” VVilliam Lloyd Garrison's paper, in
1826. The winter of 1828-9 he spent in Boston, and
edited a trade journal. He edited several other unim-
portant papers during the few years following. His
first volume, “Legends of New England,” (in prose
and verse) was published in 1831. In 1833, he took
part in the organization of the American Anti-Slavery
Society at Philadelphia, and from that time onward
devoted himself to the cause of freedom. In 1835
and 1836 he represented Haverhill in the State Legis-
lature. In 1840 he removed to Amesbury, where he
spent the remainder of his life. He never married,
but lived with his sister Elizabeth until her death in
1864. The titles of his more important volumes, with
their dates, are as follows: “ The Voices of Free-
dom" (1849), "Songs of Labor and Other Poems”

(1850), “ The Chapel of the Hermits ” (1853), “The-
Panorama and Other Poems" (1856), “ Home Ballads
and Other Poems " (1860), " In War Time and
Other Poems” (1863 , “ Snow Bound" (1866), " The
Tent on the Beach an Other Poems ” (1867), “ Among
the Hills and Other Poems” (1868), “Miriam and
Other Poems” (1870), "The Pennsylvania Pilgrim
and Other Poems ” (1872), " Hazel Blossoms ” (1875),
“ The Vision of Echard and other Poems " (1878), and
“ The King's Missive and Other Poems" (1881). His
complete works, in a definitive edition, were published
in 1888. Mr. Samuel T. Pickard, of Portland, Maine,
is appointed his literary executor.
Thomas William Parsons was born in Boston, August
18, 1819. He was educated in the public schools, and,
after graduation, made a visit to Italy. This gave a
clearly defined direction to his tastes, and the first
cantos of his translation of the “Inferno” were pub-
lished as early as 1843. In 1847 he went to Europe
a second time. Harvard gave him the degree of Ml).
in 1853. His “Poems” appeared in 1854, and his
complete “ Inferno " in 1867. In 1872 he published
“The Shadow of the Obelisk and Other Poems." He
lived in England for a number of years, returning to
his native city in 1872. He has since then lived in
Boston, often spending his summers at Scituate, where
he died on the third of September.
George \Villiam Curtis was born February 24, 1824,
in Providence, R. I. He was educated at private
schools, but left at the age of fifteen to go into busi-
ness. After a year of this the boy broke away and
joined the Brook Farm community, remaining there
from 1840 to 1844. The next two years were spent in
Concord, and the four years following (1846-50 in
Europe. On his return he wrote for the New ork
newspapers and for “Harper's Monthly." At this
time he became editor of “ Putnam's New Monthly
Magazine,” and the failure of that publication left him
with an indebtedness which it took him years of hard
work to wipe out. During these years, besides writing
for the Harper publications, he gave many lectures,
devoting himself more and more to the subject of
slavery. He married in 1856. In 1860 he was a dele-
gate to the Chicago Republican Convention. In 1871
he was appointed by Grant chairman of the first Civil
Service Commission, and in 1881 he organized the
National Civil Service Reform League. In 1884 he
led the Independent movement which resulted in the
election of Mr. Cleveland to the Presidency. For
nearly forty years he wrote the “ Easy Chair" papers,
and for nearly thirty acted as political editor of “ Har-
per's Weekly.” His principal books were these:
“Nile Notes ” (1851), " The Howadji i_u Syria.”
(1852), “ The Potiphar Papers” (1853), “ Prue and
I ” (1856), “Trumps ” (1861). In 1889 he edited the
letters of John Lothrop Motley.
WHITTIER A ND SLA VER Y.
By the death of Whittier there has passed away not
only the last of the great American poets that took the
anti-slavery side in the great contest of our century,
but also the distinctively anti-slavery poet. Longfellow
spoke out clearly in 1842; but he was not of the war-
rior breed : his “tender and impassioned voice ” suited
better other themes. As Christ's discourses hurl no
thunders at particular sins, but elevate the soul above


176
[Sept 16,
THE DIAL
the plane of evil, it was Longfellow's gift to soften the
hearts of our people with poems of pathos and beauty.
Lowell was of too broad culture and was too much of
an artist to be drawn at once into line and column
with those Ironsides of Abolition who drew swords and
smote enemies irefully in the name of God. To his
hand came the flashing sword of humor, wit, satire, rid-
icule,_ the power to show wrong as an absurdity, and to
heap shame upon it in the face of Reason. Yet he gave
us also some of the grandest and most awful lines that
were evoked in those days of shame. Is there anything
grander than these lines in " The Present Crisis ?”'
“Careless seems the great Avenger; history’s pages but
record
One death-grapple in the darkness ’twixt old systems and
Tn:-: Woan:
Truth forever on the scaffold; Wrong forever on the
throne'.—
Yet that scaffold sways the future; and, behind the dim
unknown,
Standeth GOD within the shadow, keeping watch above -his
own.”
Does one think this was written in the days of John
Brown? No; it was fourteen years earlier, in the
early part of the Mexican War, December, 1845.
Whittier, born in the same yearas Longfellow (1807),
was twelve years older than Lowell, and dates his anti-
slavery poems from 1833, twelve years earlier than
Lowell's “Present Crisis.” From that time onward he
was our Tyrttcns. Whittier’s poems (is it from his lack
of college training and of the wider culture of other
languages and great reading?) are much more lyrical
than those of Longfellow and Lowell, and hence better
fitted to make an impression upon the minds and hearts
of common people. Non-resistant Quaker as he was,
he might have written " A Battle Hymn of the Repub-
lic.” What is this, in 1848, but beat of drum and trum-
pet of battle ?
"Sound for the onsetl Blast on blastl
Till slavery’s minions cower and quail ;
One charge of fire shall drive them fast
Before our Northern gale l "
Whittier was for a while editor of the “ Pennsylvania
Freeman," published in Philadelphia, where, a short time
before his residence in it, a hall devoted to free-speech
and anti-slavery meetings had been burned by a mob. I
saw a broad-sheet of advertisements of Philadelphia
merchants with a cut at the head of it representing this
burning of the hall,— so issued to attract Southern and
Western customers. In such a city Whittier was like
Paul at Athens when he looked upon the idolatry:
“ His spirit was stirred in him." He rose to the occa-
sion and grew stronger in his advocacy of freedom.
His greatest anti-slavery poems were written in the six-
teen years 1833 to 1848, which he has collected un-
der the title “Voices of Freedom." They were called
forth by current events, and were noticed even by those
who detested Abolitionists. George D. Prentice, of
the “Louisville Journal," said of his “Lines” on the
Pinckney Gag, that they were equal to the best passages
of Campbell, who was then at the height of his reputa-
tion. Prentice specified the six stanzas the first of which
begins
“ Shall our New England stand erect no longer ? "
To understand these poems one needs now a history of
the conflict right at hand, or some guide to their mean-
ing; for the events are not in the memory of the pres-
ent generation. Here is “ The Branded Hand,” of 1846.

The story is not told in the poem. A Northern sea cap-
tain named Walker was caught in helping slaves to es-
cape, and in Florida or Georgia was branded in his
right hand with the letters >5, which the poet inter-
prets as “Salvation to the Slave !”
But though Vvhittier brought together a series of
"Voices of Freedom," his other poems are full of the
same spirit. He was, to parody Schleier1nncher’s saying
of Spinoza, a freedom-intoxicated man. If he writes of
Pius IX., or Silas Wright, or Barclay of Ury, or the
reformers of England, his topic still is -Freedom!
Before closing this article, let me call attention to
one other power of our poet. One wonders at Mil-
ton's handling of proper names, so that his catalogues
of names of places roll off grandly and smoothly.
\Vhittier uses our Indian names with like facility:
Umbagog and Vvinnipesaukee run smooth as Vallom-
brosa. In “The Lumbermen,” for instance, in ten suc-
cessive lines he brings in lyrically Ambijejis, Millnoket,
Penobscot, and Katahdin. SAMUEL “r,u_ARD_
POETS' TRIBUTES TO A POET.
It has already been said that Whittier was fortunate
in his friendships. An always conspicuous member of
the group of authors that has been the chief glory of
the century in America, he was loved and appreciated
by his fellow-singers, most of whom have left enduring
tributes to his worth as poet and as man. Some of
these tributes are of singular beauty, and all are just
now of especial interest.
Lowell, in his “Fable for Critics" (published in
1848), devotes a characteristic passage to Whittier,
then less than forty years old, and already known as
“a fighter” among poets--one who desired justice
more than peace, and, in his sinful day, also "came not
to bring peace, but a sword.” \Ve quote Lowell's
humorous but earnest lines:
"There is Whittier, whose swelling and vehement heart
Stmins the strait-breasted drab of the Quaker apart.
And reveals the live Man, still supreme and erect,
Underneath the bemummying wrappers of sect.
There was ne'er a man born who had more of the swing
Of the true lyric bard, and all that kind of thing.
Let his mind once get head in his favorite direction,
And the torrent of verse bursts the dams of reflection ;
While, borne with the rush of the metre along,
The poet may chance to go right or go wrong,
Content with the whirl and delirium of song.
Our Quaker leads off metaphorical flights
For reform and whatever they call human rights,
Both singing and striking in front of the war,
And hitting his foes with the mallet of Thor:
Anne haec, one exclaims on beholding his knocks,
Vestisfilii tui, O leather-clad Fox?
Can that be thy son, in the hattle’s mid din,
Preaching brotherly love, and then driving it in
To the brain of the tough old Goliah of sin
With the smoothest of pebbles from Ca.staly's spring,
Impressed on his hard moral sense with a sling?
All honor and praise to the right-hearted bard
Who was true to The Voice when such service was hard ;
Who himself was so free he dared sing for the slave
When to look but a protest in silence was brave ;
All honor and praise to the women and men
Who spoke out for the dumb and the down-trodden then l "

Bayard Taylor wrote a capital poem (“A Friend’s
Greeting ”) for \Vhittier's seventieth birthday, in which
is traced a fancied transmigration of the poet's sou.l,


1892.] THE
DIAL
177
from the priest upon Aryan hills to the New England
bard. VVe quote this piece entire:
“ Snow-bound for earth, but summer-souled for thee,
Thy natal morning shines!
Hail, friend and poet ! Give thy hand to me,
And let me read its lines!
“ For skilled in fancy's palmistry am I,
When years have set their crown;
When life gives light to read its secrets by,
And deed explains renown.
“ So, looking backward from thy seventieth year,
On service grand and free,
The pictures of thy spirit’s past are clear.
And each interprets thee.
“ I see thee, first, on hills our Aryan sires
In time‘s lost morning knew,
Kindling as priest the lonely altar-fires
That from earth’s darkness grew.
“ Then wise with secrets of Chaldaeau lore,
In high Akkadian fans;
Or pacing slow by Egypt ’s river shore,
In Thothmes’ glorious reign.
“ I hear thee, wroth with all iniqnities
That Judah’s kings betrayed,
Preach from Ain-Jidi’s rock thy God’s decrees,
Or Mamr'e's terebinthshade.
“ And, ah! most piteons vision of the past,
Drawn by thy being's law,
I see thee, martyr, in the arena cast,
Beneath the lion’s paw.
“ Yet, afterwards, how rang thy sword upon
The paynim helm and shield !
How shone with Godfrey, and at Askalon,
Thy white plume o’er the field.
“Strange contradiction! where the sand waves spread
The boundless desert sea,
The Bedouin spearrnen found their destined head —
Their dark-eyed chief -—- in thee.
“ And thou wert friar in Cluny’s sacred cell,
And skald by Norway's foam,
Ere fate of poet fixed thy soul to dwell
In this New England home.
“ Here art thou poet,— more than warrior, priest;
And here thy quiet years
Yield more to us than sacrifice or feast,
Or clash of swords or spears.
“ T he faith that lifts, the courage that sustains,
These thou wert sent to teach :
Hot blood of battle, beating in thy veins,
Is turned to gentle speech.
“ Not less, but more, than others hast thou striven ;
Thy victories remain :
The scars of ancient hate, long since forgiven,
Have lost their power to pain.
" Apostle pure of freedom and of right,
Thou hadst thy one reward ;
Thy prayers were heard, and flashed upon thy sight
The coming of the Lord!
" Now, sheathed in myrtle of thy tender songs,
Slnmbers the blade of truth;
But a.ge’s wisdom, crowning thee, prolongs
The eager hope of youth.
“ Another line upon thy hand I trace,
All destinies above :
Men know thee most as one that loves his race,
And bless thee with their love! ”

The reverent affection of the “younger poets" for
Whittier is well expressed by E. C. Stedman in “Ad
Vatern.” Its closing lines are all we can give:
“ From thee,
Whittier, the younger singers,—whom thou seest
Fmch emulous to be thy staff this day,——
What learned they ? righteous anger, burning scorn
Of the oppressor, love to humankind,
Sweet fealty to country and to home,
Peace, stainless purity, high thoughts of heaven,
And the clear, natural music of thy song."
I-Iolmes's affectionate tribute “ For Whittier’s Severi-
tieth Birthday” yields these melodious lines:
" And the wood—thrush of Emex,— you know whom I mean,
Whose song echoes round us while he sits unseen,
Vi’hose heart-thr-obs of verse through our memories thrill
Like a breath from the wood, like a breeze from the hill,
So fervid, so simple, so loving, so pure,
We hear but one strain and our verdict is sure,—
Thee cannot elude u.s,——- no further we search,—
’Tis Holy George Herbert cut loose from his church l"
Three noble sonnets to Whittier must finish this col-
lection. The first (“ The Three Silences of Molinos”)
is by Longfellow:
“ Three Silences there are: the first of speech,
The second of desire, the third of thought;
This is the lore a Spanish monk, distraught
With dreams and visions, was the first to teach.
These silences, commingling each with each,
Made up the perfect Silence, that he sought
And prayed for, and wherein at times he caught
Mysterious sounds from realms beyond our reach.
O thou whose daily life anticipates
The life to come, and in whose thought and word
The spiritual world preponderates,
Hermit of Amesbury! thou too hast heard
Voices and melodies from beyond the gates.
And speakest only when thy soul is stirred !”
The second sonnet is from the Southern poet and
former political opponent of Whittier, Paul H. Hayne:
“ Cloud, wind, and sleet! the hills look darkly bare ;
But yonder on a dim denuded height
One lonely pine uplifts his foliaged might,
V\'aving green glories o'er the earth's despair.
Type of thy poet soul, he greets us there ;
Aged in sooth, and yet his crown is bright ;
Girdled by winter, yet beyond its blight;
Still of his own pure grandeur unaware.
Type of thy soul is he ——thy poet soul ;
His spell transforms the storm winds into song,
That, chs.rm’d in sweeping rhythmic branch and bole,
Lapse to the long, low music of the sea ;
While birds, like wing’d Hopes, furl’d from wintry wrong,
Dream of spring heavens in that deep-hearted tree!"
The third sonnet is Lowell's, written “ To \Vhittier
on his Seventy-fifth Birthday ”:
“ New England’s poet, rich in love as years,
Her hills and valleys praise thee. her swift brooks
Dance in thy verse ; to her grave sylvan nooks
Thy steps allure us, which the wood-thrush hears
As maids their lovers‘, and no treason fears;
Through thee her Merrimncs and Agiochooks
And many a name uncouth win gracious looks,
Sweetly familiar to both Englnnds' ears:
Peaceful by birthright as a virgin lake,
The lily’s anchorage, which no eyes behold
Save those of stars, yet for thy brother's sake
That lay in bonds, thou blewst a blast as bold
As that wherewith the heart of Roland brake,
Far heard across the New lvorld and the Old.”
Happy the poet who receives such tributes from his
fellows! Happy the land that has produced such poets!


178
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
THE NEW BOOKS.

FRANCE UNDER LOUIS PHILIPPE AND
NAPOLEON ’lII.*
It is a considerable privilege to share in the
memories of a man who has known more or
less intimately Balzac, Dumas pore, De Mus-
set, Sue, Delacroix, Vernet, Rachel, Guizot,
Lamartine, Louis Philippe and his family,
Louis Napoleon and his entou-1-age,— in short,
about every one notable in French literature,
art, politics, and society, between 1830 and
1870 ;— who had access to the gaities of the
Tuilleries and of Compicgne, and who was an
eye-witness to the stirring events in the Paris
of ’48, of the German war, and of the Com-
mune. While unbosoming himself freely of
his recollections and opinions, the author of
this eminently spicy book, for reasons best
known to himself, chooses to remain incognito ;
though it is sufficiently evident that he is what
his own countrymen would reverently term “ a.
person of quality.” Certainly his book is not of
the vapid brand one usually gets from that
sacred source. The two volnmes,— the one
covering the reign of Louis Philippe, the
other The Empire,— are well packed with an-
ecdote and description, and the thousand-and-
one engaging things and nothings that form the
mental equipment of a cultivated man of the
world; and we shall here lay criticism aside
and content ourselves with the role of “Jack
Horner,”— pulling out as many of our diarist’s
plums as possible for the reader’s behoof. It
should be added, as further characterizing the
book in hand, that the author’s Catholic tastes
in the matter of society made the atmosphere
of the Quartier-Latin no less familiar and con-
genial to him than that of the Faubourg St.
Germain; much of his matter being drawn
from the less aristocratic source.
Three names that recur pretty frequently
among the literary notes are De Musset, Bal-
zac, and Dumas,— men who. unlike Victor
Hugo, Lamartine, Chateaubriand, and Sue,
“ did not deem it necessary to stand aloof from
ordinary mortals.” De Musset, says our
writer,—
“Improved upon better acquaintance. He was'apt to
strike one at first sight as distant and supercilious. He
was neither the one nor the other, simply very reserved,
and at the best of times very sad, not to say melan-
choly. . . . With his tall, slim figure, auburn wavy
hair and beard, blue eyes, and finely-shaped nose and
month, De Musset gave one the impression of a dandy
‘Ax Enousmum 11¢ PARIS (Notes and Recollections). In
two volumes. New York : D. Appleton & Co.


cavalry officer in mufti, rather than of a poet: the
‘Miss Byron’ which Préault the sculptor applied to
him was, perhaps, not altogether undeserved, if judged
intellectually and physically at first sight."
Thereaare several good stories touching the
chronic impecuniosity of Balzac and Dumas,
who were not, however, gamblers, a.nd had not
the terrible fits of idleness and drinking which
left poor De Musset stranded at regular in-
tervals. On the improvident head of Dumas it
literally rained “ writs and summonses ”; while
we find Balzac, when he was thirty-two years old
and already the well-paid author of several
masterpieces, writing to his mother, “Several
bills are due, and, if I cannot find the money
for them, I will have them protested and let
the law take its course.” “ How does Balzac
spend his money?” our writer once asked
Méry, the poet and novelist, who had recently
met the author of the Human Comedy strolling
up and down before the Café de Paris between
midnight and sunrise- an hour chosen be-
cause, as Balzac said, “ I am being tracked by
the officers, and obliged to hide myself during
the day ”:
‘“In sops to his imagination,’ was the answer,-_ ‘ in
balloons to the land of dreams, which balloons he con-
structs with his hard-won earnings and inflates with the
essence of his visions, but which nevertheless will not
rise three feet from the earth. Balzac is firmly con-
vinced that every one of his characters has had its
counterpart in real life, notably the characters that
have risen from humble beginnings to great wealth;
and he thinks that, having worked out the secret of
their success on paper, he can put it in practise.”
As for Dumas pare, he would, it seems,
have squandered the combined fortunes of the
Rothschilds—and have then been in debt.
He had no notion of the value of money.
About a year after our author made his ac-
quaintance, he called upon him at Saint-Gen
main, and found him in bed, dictating. His
son had just left him, and, on seeing his vis-
itor, the proud father exclaimed rapturously,—-
‘" C’est un cmur d’or, cet’ Alexandre !’ Seeing that
I did not ask what elicited this praise, he began telling
me. ‘This morning I received six hundred and fifty
francs. Just now Alexandre was going up to Paris,
and he says, “ I'll take fifty francs.” I (lid not pay at-
tention, or must have misunderstood ; at any rate I re-
plied, “ Don't take as much as that ; leave me a hun-
dred francs.” “\Vhat do you mean, father?” he asked;
“ I am telling you that I am going to take fifty francs.”
“I beg your pardon,” I said, “ I understood you were
going to take six hundred.” ’ He would have considered
it the most natural thing in the world for his son to
take six hundred and leave him fifty.”
Dumas the younger told a characteristic
story of his father, which will bear repeating,
if only for the sake of the moral it conveys.


1892.]
179
THE DIAL
He was present with a few friends at the first
rehearsal of “ The Three Musketeers ” at the
Ambigu Comique. It was not a dress rehear-
sal proper, and the scenery consisted only
of a cloth and some wings. Behind one of the
latter they had noticed, during the first six
tableaux, the shining helmet of a fireman who
was listening very attentively. The author
had noticed him too.
“About the middle of the seventh tableau the hel-
met suddenly vanished, and the father remarked upon
it to his son. lvhen the act was finished Dumas went
in search of the pompier, who did not know him.
‘ What made you go away ‘T ’ he asked him. ‘ Because
it did not amuse me half as much as the others,’ was
the answer. ‘That was enough for my father,’ said the
younger Dumas. ‘There and then he went to Bé-
reaud’s room, took off his coat, waistcoat, and braces,
unfastencd the collar of his shirt-—it was the only way
he could work—and sent for the prompt copy of the
seventh tableau, which he tore up and flung into the
fire, to the consternation of Béreaud. ‘ W'hat are you
doing?’ he exclaimed. ‘You see what I am doing;
I am destroying the seventh tableau. It does not
amuse the pompier. I know what it wants.”’
The author of “ The Mysteries of Paris”
forms the least agreeable part of the author's
literary recollections, and he cannot enough
insist upon what he terms “ the inveterate
snobbishness of the man ”—a quality which
really procured his expulsion from the Jockey
Club. He was always posing, not as a
writer, —for, like Walpole, he was half
ashamed of the title,— but as a man of the
world who knew nothing about literature but
who dabbled in it in a magnificent amateur-
ish way because his wish to benefit humanity
had been greater than his repugnance to en-
ter the lists with such men as Balzac and
Dumas.
“ After his dinner at the Cafe de Paris, he would graudly
stand on the steps smoking a cigar and listening to the
conversation with an air of superiority without attempt-
ing to take part in it. His mind was supposed to be
far away, devising schemes for the social and moral
improvement of his fellow creatures."
His dandyism was offensive mainly because it
did not sit naturally upon him; as a member
of the Jockey Club observed, “ill. Sue est
toujours ti-op /iabillé, trap carossé, ct surtout
trap éperonné.”
Of “ The Mysteries of Paris,” George Sand
said, while the tale was publishing, “ It is very
amusing, but there are too many animals. I
hope we shall soon get out of this menagerie.”
Nevertheless she admitted that she would not
miss an instalment for ever so much,— :1 feel-
ing abundantly shared by the public, for the
fitrorc it created among all classes was im-

mense. It was impossible to get a copy of the
Débats, in which the story appeared in serial
form, unless one subscribed for it; and as for
the reading rooms, where the paper was kept,
the proprietors frankly laughed in your face if
you asked for it after you had paid\ your two
sous admission.
“Monsieur is joking. We have got five copies, and
we let them out for ten sous each for half an hour:
that's the time it takes to-read M. Sue's story. We
have one copy here, and if Monsieur likes to take his
turn he may do so, though he will probably have to
wait for three or four hours.”
The mention of George Sand recalls a
story told the author by De Musset, of an at-
tempt made by that nymph to “ net” the
painter, Eugene Delacroix. It'appears that
Mme. Sand detected, or fancied she detected,
on the part of the painter, signs of submission
to her all-conquering charms ; and, desiring to
precipitate matters, she one morning entered
the studio where the supposed victim was at
work. She immediately plunged in medias
res .-
“'My poor Eugene! I am afraid I have got sad
news for you.’ ‘Oh, indeed,’ said Delacroix, without
interrupting his work, and just giving her one of his
cordial smiles in guise of welcome. ‘Yes, my dear
friend, I have carefully consulted my own heart, and
the upshot is, I am grieved to tell you, that I feel I
cannot and could never love you.’ Delacroix kept on
painting. ‘ Is that a fact ? ’ he said. ‘ Yes, and I ask
you once more to pardon me, and to credit me for my can-
dor—my poor Delacroix.’ Delacroix did not budge
from his easel. ‘ You are angry with me, are you not ?
You will never forgive me ?’ ‘ Certainly I will. Only
I want you to keep quiet for ten minutes ; I have got a bit
of sky there which has caused me a good deal of trouble,
it is just coming right. Go and sit down, or else take
a little walk, and come back in ten minutes.’ Of
course George Sand did not return.”
Louis Philippe, the “ Citizen-King,” the au-
thor thinks, was by no means the ardent admirer
of the bourgeoisie that he professed to be. He
had no illusions as to their intellectual worth;
and the virtual ostracism of himself and his fam-
ily by the old noblesse rankled in his mind,
and deepened his resentment against the shop-
keeping caste to whose offensive patronage he
charged it. The King’s real attitude toward
the bourgeoisie is illustrated by an extract from
an unpublished skit of the time, in which the
“ Citizen-Monarch ” is represented as giving
the heir-apparent a lesson in the art of gov-
erning.
“ ‘ Do not be misled,’ he says, ‘by a parcel of theorists,
who will tell you that the citizen-monarchy is based
upon the sovereign will of the people, or upon the strict
observance of the charter; this is merely so much drivel
from the political Rights or Lofts. . . The citizen-


180
DIAL [S@P*- 16.
THE
monarchy and the art of governing consist of but one
i;hing—the capacity of the principal ruler for shaking
hands with any and every ragamnfiin and out-of-elbows
brute he meets.’ . . ‘How would it do, dad,’ asks the
ambitious pupil, ‘if, in addition to shaking hands with
them, one inquired after their health, in the second per-
son singular—C0mment vas tu, mon vieuz cochon .7 or, bet-
ter still, Comment vas tu, mon vieur ciloyen Z" ‘ It would
do admirably,’ says papa, ‘but it does not matter
whether you say cochon or citoyen ; the terms are syn-
onymous.’"
Louis Philippe —with a civil list of 750,000 .
pounds—was always haunted by a dread of
poverty. The recollection of his early misery
uprose before him like a nightmare, and he one
day said to Guizot, after plaintively running
over a long list of domestic charges, “ My dear
minister, I am telling you that my children
will be wanting for bread.” Apropos of Louis’s
early poverty, the author says:
“ I recollect that during my stay at Tréport and Eu, in
1843, when Queen Victoria paid her visit to Louis
Philippe, the following story was told me. Lord
and I were quartered in a little hostelry on the Place
du Chateau. One morning Lord came home laugh-
ing till he could laugh no longer. ‘ What do you think
the King has done now?’ he asked. I professed my
inability -to'guess. ‘About an hour ago, he and Queen
Victoria were walking in the garden, when, with true
French politeness, he offered her a peach. The Queen
seemed rather embarrassed how to skin it, when Louis
Philippe took a large clasp-knife from his pocket.
‘ When It man has been a poor devil like myself, obliged
to live upon forty sous a day, he always carries a knife.
I might have dispensed with it for the last few years;
still, I do not wish to lose the habit—one does not
know what may happen,’ he said. Of course the tears
stood in the Queen's eyes.”


Personally, Louis had many estimable qual-
ities—more, certainly, than most of his pre-
decessors could boast of. He was an amiable
man, the kindest of husbands and fathers, and
one of the most economical of 1nonarchs,—a
trait which betrayed him into the political sin
of overlooking the craving of the Parisians, a
race claniorons, like the Romans, for the pa-
nem et circences, for court pomp and display.
He was a witty man, and some of his mots
have become historical. VV hen the news of
Talleyrand’s death was brought to him, he
asked,-—
“ ‘ But, are you sure he is dead ? ’ ‘ Very sure,sire,’ was
the reply; ‘did not your majesty notice yesterday that
he was dying?’ ‘I did, but there is no judging from
appearances with Talleyrand, and I have been asking
myself for the last four and twenty hours what interest
he could possibly have in departing at this particular
moment.’ ”
The author, as a young man, saw Louis several
times at reviews and on popular holidays, and
was always surprised that a king of whom ev-

eryone spoke so well in private, and whose
domestic relations were so exceptionally pleas-
ant, should look so careworn and depressed in
public. He was, as he says, then too young
to grasp the irony of the king’s reply to a rela-
tive, a few months before his accession to the
throne :
“The crown of France is too cold in winter, too warm
in summer; the sceptre is too blunt as a weapon of de-
fense or attack, it is too short asia stick to lean upon;
a good felt hat and a strong umbrella are at all times
more useful."
Louis Philippe used to say of Guizot, “ Hc
is so terribly respectable; I am afraid there is
a mistake either about his nationality or his
respectability, for they are badly matched,”—
and this caustic sentence reflected pretty well
the opinion of the majority of Frenchmen as
to the eminent statesman. They regarded him
as a rigid Puritan in private life, a sort of am-
bulant copy-book moral, who never unbent,
and whose slightest actions were meant by him
as a lesson to the rest of mankind. With true
French cynicism, the Parisians even resented
his kindly habit of taking his mother for a
stroll in the Park of St. Cloud on Sundays—
a filial attention which they maintained to be
an exhibition. Guizot regretted this errone-
ous conception the world formed of his charac-
ter,—-which was really two-fold, the Guizot of
public life, the imperious, combative orator of
the Chamber, being sufficiently unlike the
home-keeping Guizot, the tender and devoted
son, the charming companion who captivated
everyone with whom he came in contact.
“ ‘ But what can I do‘? ’ he asked. ‘ In reality, I haven’t
the courage to be unpopular any more than other peo-
ple; but neither have I the courage to prance about in
my own drawing-room as if I were on wires,’— this was
a slight slap at M. Thiers,—-' nor can I write on subjects
with which I have no sympathy ’— that was a second;
“and I should cut but a sorry figure on horseback,-
that was a third; ‘consequently people who, I am sure,
wish me well, but who will not come and see me at
home, hold me up as a niisanthrope, while I know that
I am nothing of the kind.’ "
Our author’s account of the heterogeneous
society under the Empire is well ‘spiced with
anecdotes — sometimes a trifle malicious —of
the chief actors, and his characterizations of
the Emperor and Empress and the chiefs of
their suite are original and vivacious. His
opinion of Eugenie is decidedly unfavorable.
Forgetful of the days when she was only Mdlle.
de Montijo, she seems to have really fancied
herself an aristocrat by the Grace of God, in
the old Bourbon sense of the term. In spite
of her reputation for amiability and charity,


1892.]
181
THE DIAL
ity, she was, thinks our author, cruel at heart.
“ The woman who could indulge in sentiment about the
absence of dessert iu the Saint-Lazare refectory, would
at the end of a. lmnt, deliberately jump ofi her horse,
plunge the gleaming knife in the throat of the panting
stag, and revel in the sight of blood.”
Nor was this hardihood of nature a hopeful
sign of courage in the hour of danger. When
the storm came,-—
“ She slunk away at the supreme hour; while the prin-
cess (Clotilde), whom she had presumed to teach the
manners of a court, left like a princess in an open lan-
dau, preceded by an outrider.”
The Empress’s vindictiveness a11d imperious
temper are well illustrated in the following
anecdote. Eugenie was really unpopular with
the people, and when the news of the Emperor
Maximilian’s death reached Paris there were
ominous mutterings that boded no good. “What
do the people say ? ” Napoleon asked M. Hyr-
voix, the chief of the secret police-—a man
not given to mincing matters.
“This time, however, M. Hyrvoix kept silent for a
while, then replied, ‘The people do not sa_v anything,
sire.’ Napoleon must have noticed the hesitating man-
ner; for he said at once, ‘ You are not telling me the
truth. \Vhat do the people say ‘I’ ‘ \Vell, sire, if you
wish’ to know, not only the people, but everyone is
deeply indignant and disgusted with the consequences
of this unfortunate war. It is commented upon every-
where in the self-same spirit. They say it is the fault
of—’ ‘ The fault of whom ? ’ repeated Napoleon. ‘ Sire,’
stammered M. Hyrvoix, ‘in the time of Louis XVI.,
people said, “ It is the fault of the Austrian woman.”’
‘Yes, go on.’ ‘ Under Napoleon III. people say, “ It is the
fault of the Spanish woman." ' The words had scarcely
left .\I. Hyrvoix’s lips, when a door leading to the inner
apartments opened, and the Empress appeared on the
threshold. ‘She looked like a beautiful fury,’ said M.
I-Iyrvoix to his friend, from whom I have got the story.
‘ She wore a white dressing-gown, her hair was waving
on her shoulders, and her eyes shot flames. She hissed
rather than spoke, as she bounded towards me; and,
ridiculous as it may seem, I felt afraid for the moment.
‘You will please repeat what you just now said, M.
Hyrvoix,’ she said in a voice hoarse with passion. M.
Hyrvoix obeyed. ‘The Spanish woman! The Spanish
woman!’ she jerked out three or four times--and I
could see that her hands were clenched; ‘I have be-
come French, but I will show my enemies that I can
be Spanish when occasion demands it.’ Next
(lay M. Hyrvoix was appointed Receiver-General for
one of the departments-—that is exiled to the prov-
inces.”
The author holds Eugenie responsible for
the German war and the humiliation it brought
upon the French; and there is no better com-
ment upon the then social and political régime
than the fact that it placed a great nation at
the mercy of a trivial woman who held her po-
sition by the tenure of her attractiveness to a
single member of it. E. G. J.


GEORGE MAso.\' on VIRGlNIA.*
The South séems again to have entered the
field of letters. A survey of the past two
years will show a surprising list of works writ-
ten by authors on the southern side of Mason
and Dixon’s line. It is an encouraging sign of
actual reconstruction, even when, as is often
the case, the author seems to be personally one
of the unreconstructed. Two of the great Vir-
ginia Anti-federalists have been presented to
the world almost simultaneously. Patrick
Henry’s life and works-I‘ were lately published
in three sumptuous volumes prepared with
much care and good sense. Now we have two
volumes covering the life and public services
of one whose career largely paralleled that of
Henry. George Mason, from the Stamp Act to
the adoption of the Constitution, was Henry’s
political companion and ally. The wonderful
fiery eloquence of the one was almost equalled

by the shrewd sense and acute argument of the
other. Both were vigorous friends of Inde-
pendence, and obstinate opponents of the Con-
stitution as it came fresh from the Philadel-
phia Convention. Henry lived to become a
Federalist. Mason remained a consistent Anti-
federalist to the end. Their chief objection to
the Constitution was the omission from it of a
bill of rights—that special pride of a true
Virginian’s heart; together they demanded
amendments, and held up dire and dreadful
portents of the destruction that would ensue
were the instrument adopted without further
guaranties of liberty.
George Mason played a very prominent part
in the history of Virginia during the twenty-
five years subsequent to the Stamp Act. Pos-
sibly his greatest claim to fame is his author-
ship of the Virginia Bill of Rights. In fact,
the Constitution of the State was largely of
his framing. Henry has been often given
the credit of writing two sections of the Bill
of Rights, and there has been a special con-
troversy over the celebrated clause guaran-
teeing religious liberty. It must be said that
the author of these volumes makes out a very
strong case for Mason. Henry’s latest biog-
raphers have accepted as conclusive certain
statements of Randolph, which the author
of these volumes attempts to explain away.
The argument for .\Iason is based almost en-
‘Tua LIFE or Gsouos Mason, 172&17H2. By Kate
Mason Rowland. Including hisS eches,Pnblio Papera,etc.,
with Introduction by General itzhu h Inc. In two vol-
umes, with portrait. New York: G. . Putncm’s Sons.
’rRevie�ed in THE DIAL for June, 18fl.—[EDR.]


182
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
tircly upon circumstantial evidence, which,
however, is very cogent, and has at least the
effect of placing one’s judgment in suspense,
yet with little hope of having the facts more
fully disclosed.
Mason was a member of the Philadelphia
Convention, and took a prominent part in its de-
liberations. It cannot be said that his influence
was at any time predominant or comparable
with that of Wilson, Hamilton, or his young
colleague, Madison. Some of his letters are
very good indications of the feeling prevalent
in the Convention. May 20, he writes to his
5011 2
"The most prevalent idea in the principal States
seems to be a total alteration of the present federal
system and substituting a great national council or
parliament, consisting of two branches of the legisla-
ture, founded upon the principles of equal proportionate
representation, with full legislative powers upon all the
subjects of the Union ; and an executive ; and to make
the several State legislatures subordinate to the national
by giving the latter power of a negative upon all such
laws as they shall judge contrary to the interest of the
federal Union.”
This is very interesting testimony, and ought
to prove instructive reading to those who still
insist thatconsolidation was an after-thought
of the full-fledged Federal party, or that it
was a secret plot hatched in the brain of the
arch-conspirator, Hamilton. Mason was cer-
tainly one of the unbending republicans, and
yet we see this man advocating an eflicient
government. The author of these volumes
seems bent upon turning every statement and
every fact into an argument for State Sover-
eignty,— sometimes with very sorry results.
Mason declared in the Convention—~
" Not only that the present Confederation was defi-
cient iu not providing for coercion and punishment
against delinquent States, but argued very cogently
that punishment could not in the nature of things be
executed to the States collectively, and therefore that
such a government was necessarily such as could directly
operate on individuals, and would punish those whose
guilt required it.”
In other words, what was wanted was not a
government over States but over individuals;
and, happily, that was the outcome of the Con-
vention’s labors. Madison long advocated the
use of a veto or a coercion power over the
States ; but the Constitution as adopted made
the coercion of States unnecessary, inasmuch as
authority was established over persons,- for,
as Madison said in the Federalist,—-
" A sovereignty over sovereignties, a government over
governments, a legislation for communities, as contra-
distinguished from individuals, as it is a solecism in
theory, so in practice it is subversive of the order and
ends of civil polity.”

Of the members who were present at Phila-
delphia when the Constitution was agreed
upon, Luther Martin of Maryland, and Ran-
dolph and Mason of Virginia, refused to sign.
Mason’s objections were made known in the
Virginia Convention, and also in a letter to
Washington written a short time after leaving
Philadelphia. For some inconceivable reason,
only an extract from this letter is given in these
volumes. It would be interesting to compare
his views of October, 1787, with those ex-
pressed in the Convention seven months later,
after Henry and he had elaborated a defense
against the Constitution. lVant of space may
account for the omission of the letter; but if
that be the reason, one cannot help wishing
other gossipy letters of comparatively little
value had been omitted also.
In the Virginia Convention Mason and
Henry were the strong opponents of the Cou-
stitution. They were assisted by Benjamin
Harrison, Grayson, Monroe, and others; but
the burden of the battle rested with these two.
They fought a hard fight. Strangely enough,
though both came finally to a demand for
amendments which would constitute a bill of
rights, each began his speech with objections
to the frame of government, on the ground
that the Confederacy was changed into a con-
solidated government. Mason protested that
“ whether the Constitution be good or bad, the
present clause clearly discovers that it is a
national government, and no longer a Confed-
eration.” He referred to the clause which
gives the general government the right to levy
direct taxes. His judgment was sound. A gov-
ernment over governments does not levy direct
taxes on individuals. It is curious to find that
our author can get any solace for State Sov-
ereignty from such statements.
The chapters on the Virginia Convention
are full of comments, insinuations, and inuen-
does, which are intended to be defenses of State
Sovereignty and Secession. They come near
to destroying the value of the chapters, which
in other respects are a fair condensation of the
third volume of “Eliot’s Debates.” One or
two examples will illustrate. Citing Henry’s
speech of the 5th of June, the author says:
" One phrase here is prophetic: ‘ When the people of
Virginia at a future day shall wish to alter their gov-
ernment, though they shonld be unanimous in this de-
sire, yet thcy may be prevented therefrom by a despic-
able minority at the extremity of the United States.’ ”
Again, a quotation from this same speech is
gratuitously amended by the insertion of “ Vir-


1892.]
183
THE DIAL
ginia” in parentheses, after the words “our
country.”
" If we also accede, and it should prove grievous,
the peace and prosperity of our country (Virginia),'
which we all love, will be destroyed.”
Now Henry may have meant that Virginia was
his country, but although he was then oppos-
ing the Constitution and advocating its rejec-
tion by his own State, there is nothing in the
context to disclose the fact that he intended
“ our country ” to refer to Virginia alone. The
man who at the outbreak of the Revolution
exclaimed with patriotic fervor, “ I am not a
Virginian! I am an American,” had not en-
tirely lost his broader sympathies. In the very
speech which is thus interpreted for us by the
lexicon of 1861, we find these words which the
author does not quote :
" The first thing I have at heart is American liberty;
the second thing is American union; and I hope the
people of Virginia will endeavor to preserve that union.”
The author seems to lament that Virginia
stultified herself by adopting the Constitution,
and quotes with approbation the statements of
“ our great Southern statesman, Jefferson Da-
vis.” One page is headed “ Madison’s Folly,
Mason’s Wisdom.” The page includes the fol-
lowing sentences, which amply portray the ani-
mus of the author:
“ And it was with the understanding that the South-
ern States were to be secured in all their rights that
the Union of 1789 was formed. How these rights were
violated, notably in questions affecting the institution of
slavery, is matter of history.”
It is a pity that such books as these should
be marred by the introduction as history of
arguments begotten in the brain of Calhoun
forty years after the Constitution was adopted
and not accepted by the South until after 1850.
Qne more quotation of this sort may be suf-
ficient. The eighth chapter closes with these
words:
" The early Federalists loved to compare the Union
to a house with its thirteen compartments and its one
roof sheltering all. The Anti-federalists might have
suggested that a fit motto over the door of this house
would be the words which Dante saw inscribed over the
entrance to the Inferno: ‘Lasciale ogn isperanza, voi ch’
enlrate.”’
This would be annoying if it were not so silly.
An Introduction — of no merit — by Fitz-
hugh Lee, presents, amid sundry laudations
of Mason, further arguments for State Sover-
eignty. lVhy these two large volumes, which
have been prepared with so much labor, need
an introduction of four pages of such a charac-
ter, is inconceivable from a literary, but per-
haps not from a commercial point of view.

The statements of these four pages ought to
have been carefully revised by an accurate his-
torian before being made permanent in print-
ter’s ink. Is there entire historical accuracy
in suggesting that the Hartford Convention
was prevented from recommending the seces-
sion of the Eastern States only by the termin-
ation of the war with England‘? The conven-
tion adjourned January 5, 1815. News of the
treaty of peace was received in America Feb-
ruary 11. ls there entire historical accuracy
in intimating that the ratification of the Con-
stitution in Virginia was aided by the news
that New Hampshire, the ninth state, had al-
ready ratified? The Virginia Convention ac-
cepted the Constitution and adjourned June
27. Not until the last day of June or the first
of July was the news of the ratification by New
Hampshire received in Virginia.
In spite of faults, some of which have here
been pointed out, these volumes are very valu-
able contributions to American history. They
show tireless patience and some constructive
ability. There is a very full and complete in-
dex, which ought to have been supplemented
by a thorough analytical table of contents.
Wherever the fondness of an admiring descend-
ant or the partisanship of a doctrinaire has not
interpolated extraneous dross, the books are
quite worthy the subject. This is saying not a
little, for George Mason was one of A1nerica’s
statesmen, and his part in the formation of the
Virginia Constitution, the first written instru-
ment of government fully wrought out during
the Revolutionary period, entitles him to the
honor of being considered one of the world’s
great statesmen.
Annaaw C. MCLAUGHLIN.
J o�r:'1"r’s DIALOGUES or" PLATO.*

It is something more than twenty years since
the first edition of Jowett’s classical transla-
tion of Plato’s Dialogues was published. By
the issue of the present carefully revised third
edition the now venerable scholar has substan-
tially increased the great debt which we al-
ready owed him, and which indeed only the
grateful memory of long years can discharge.
As this book is in almost evei-yone’s library,
it will be necessary to draw attention only to
the novel features of the present edition. The

‘Tue Dmmouas or Pmro. Translated into English,
with Analyses and Introductions, by B. Jowett, M.A. Third
edition, in five volumes. New York: Macmillan & Co.


184
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
translator tells us in a note that “The addi-
tions and alterations which have been made,
both in the Introductions and in the Text of
this edition, affect at least a third of the work.”
For the most part these changes and correc-
tions are of course slight in character, and so
scattered up and down the work as to make in- a
dividual mention of them out of the question.
But a considerable extension of the discussion
of Immortality in the Introduction to the
P/meclo has been noted, and the addition of a
few pages on the Greek sentiment of love in
the Introduction to the iS'_z/nzposiunz. The trans-
lator himself, however, furnishes a list of the
most important essays which have been added
to the Introductions. The quotation of these
will perhaps be in point. They are : “ The Na-
ture and Growth of Language ”; “ The Decline
of Greek Literature”; “ The ‘ Ideas ’ of Plato
and Modern Philosophy ”; “ The Myths of
Plato ”; “ The Relation of the Republic, States-
man, and Laws ”; “ The Legend of Atlantis ”;
“ Psychology ”; “ Comparison of the Laws of
Plato with Spartan and Athenian Laws and
Institutions.” These essays vary in length from
twelve to twenty pages, and maintain the high
standard of excellence of the Introductions, of
which they really form a part.
Other new material appears in a second Ap-
pendix, containing translations, by Professor
Jowett’s secretary, Mr. Matthew Knight, of the
Second Alcibiades, which deals with some of
the difficulties about prayer, and the Eryrrias,
which may be said to anticipate some of the
principal doctrines of modern political econ-
omy. Jowett assigns these dialogues to the
second or third generation after Plato. Their
interest lies in the modern character of several
of the thoughts they contain. The short intro-
ductions are from Jowett’s own hand.
A further change which should be noticed
is an alteration in the order of the Dialogues.
The C1-atylus and the Phcctlrus have been
placed after the Euthydcmus, and the Sym-
posizznz after the Ion, in the first volumes;
while in the fourth, the Philebus has been
transferred from before the Parmenides to af-
ter the Statesman. So far as observed, the
only explanation of these changes is the remark,
affecting the last, that “ The Philcb-us is prob-
ably the latest in time of the writings of Plato,
with the exception of the Laws ” (Vol. IV., p.
570). But we find in a new paragraph in the
Introduction to the Charnzidcs the general
statement that “No arrangement of the Pla-
tonic Dialogues can be strictly chronological.

. . . There are no materials which would en-
able us to attain to anything like certainty”
(Vol. I., p. 8).
The new feature which without question
will be of greatest significance to scholars is
the important extension of the Index (from
61-175 pages), which is credited to Mr.
Knight. It would not be easy to over-estimate
the value of this piece of work, considered as
an instrument of analysis of Plato’s world.
Besides the very large increase of references
to the subjects in the Index proper, there has
been added, parenthetically, a mnnber of short
essays showing the special significance for
Greek life of the great factors of civilization.
“ Art," “ Education,” “ God,” “ Government,"
“ Justice,” “ Music,” “ Poetry,” “ The State,"
are among the topics thus briefly, but most
suggestively, treated. Some, too, are devoted
to the characteristic features of Plato’s philos-
ophy. Of these, perhaps “Dialectic,” “ The
Ideas," “Soul,” “Virtue,” are the most im-
portant. In all, there are eighteen of these
short essays, covering in the aggregate some
twenty-two pages of fine print; and though
necessarily extremely brief, they are well-nigh
invaluable for the study of Plato. They give
us, in so many pieces, the great structural ele-
ments of Plato’s world of thought.
Another improvement of no slight import-
ance is the substitution of headings to the
pages for the simple title of the Dialogue:
and the reader’s convenience has further been
consulted by the addition of marginal analyses.
As one turns the pages of the careful anal-
yses and elaborate introductions with which
Professor J owett has furnished his translations
of the Dialogues, touching as they do upon
almost everything connected either directly or
remotely with the contents of these master-
pieces of thought and literary art, one cannot
avoid the feeling that the value of such a
translation in reality far exceeds the value of
the original compositions to a Greek of Plato’s
day. For the work is not merely a superior
translation, properly edited,—it is a great
commentary, and not only on Plato, but on
Greek life and civilization as well. Moreover,
in this, probably its definitive form, it repre-
sents not only the life-long study of the trans-
lator, but the combined scholarship of the
English students of Plato of this generation.
And it is a worthy monument of English
scholarship. But it is more. It is a perma-
nent power for culture in the English-speaking
world, such as only those fully understand and


1s92.]
185
THE DIAL
appreciate who know what a height and depth
of culture there is in Plato, the one writer in
all history who touched almost every phase of
human life and experience not only with a spir-
itual and moral, but with an artistic touch. So
great is our debt to Benjamin Jowett.
Of Jowett’s estimate of Pl-ato’s philosophy,
it is not so easy to speak with unqualified ap-
pr0val- The comments of the present edition
only add to the already undue emphasis laid
upon the uncertainty and incompleteness of
Plato’s thought, and upon the logical incon-
sistency of the various forms under which he
conceived the Ideas.
“The forms which they assume are numerous, and
if taken literally, inconsistent with one another. . .
It would be a mistake to try and reconcile these difier-
ing modes of thought. They are not to be regarded
seriously as having a distinct meaning. They are par-
ables, prophecies, myths, symbols, revelations, aspira-
tions after an unknown world” (Vol. II., pp. 13, 14).
Plato is apprehended as poet and religious
mystic. He neither sought to be systematic,
nor was sure of what he had found. He was
the “ maker of ideas,” which were “ guesses ”
only “ at the truth.” On the other hand, Aris-
totle is not to be regarded as the completer of
Plato’s thought. If either is to be interpreted
by the other, it is Aristotle who is to be inter-
preted by Plato, and not vice verso. “ N0 man’s
thoughts were ever so well expressed by his
disciples as by himself” (Vol. IV., p. 571).
To be sure, nothing could be more perverse
than the attempt to crystallize Plato’s liquid
thought into an articulate system. But it is
one thing to agree with Jowett’s oft-repeated
assertion that Plato’s writings do not contain a
“system,” and quite another thing to admit
that the different expressions of the Ideas are
irreconcilable and without distinct meaning.
The very idealism of which, in Jowett’s own
view, Plato is the father (Vol. I., Pref. p.
XI.), and which he admits to be the common
meaning in spirit pervading his writings (Vol.
II., p. 14), shows us that Plato’s ~‘ incon-
sistent ” accounts of the Ideas are but the in-
evitable opposites in a higher synthesis. Plato
the poet and seer ought not to make us for-
get Plato the logician and metaphysician.
Grant that his conclusions are often tentative,
hesitating, and sometimes incomplete, that his
thoughts are clothed in poetic language, and
his utterances often mystical: it still remains
true that he was the founder of Dialectic, the
scientific method of philosophy, and that be-
hind the literary form of his writings there lay
a very serious scientific purpose.

And Professor J owett will find few to agree
with him in looking upon Aristotle as a degen-
erate disciple of Plato. Plato rather repre-
sents a stage in the development of thought
which culminated in Aristotle. The dangers of
distorted historical perspective must always at-
tend the life-long study of one thinker, how-
ever great he may be, and however truly he
may reflect a whole civilization; and it may
be that Professor Jowett has not wholly es-
caped this source of illusion. But perhaps it
is a bit unfair to lay much stress upon philo-
sophical interpretation in the case of a work
so purely literary in character ; and, as we have
seen, too high praise could hardly be bestowed
upon the literary skill and comprehensive schol-
arship represented by this translation of Plato.
In conclusion, a word of special commenda-
tion is due Messrs. Macmillan & Co., the
American publishers of the work, for the
truly magnificent style in which it is issued.
W1LL1s'roN S. Houon.
RECENT Booxs or‘ l‘0r:'1‘nY.*
Mr. Swinburne’s domestic tragedy of “ The Sis-
ters,” published so soon after Lord T ennyson’s *‘ The
Foresters.” brings with it a certain suggestion of


‘Tm: Sisrnrss: A Tragedy. By Algernon Charles Swin-
burne. New York: United States Book Co.
PHAON AND Snrrno. and Nmaon. By James Dryden
Hoskon. New York: Macmillan & Co.
Banmns AND Bumucn-Room BALLADS.
Kipling. New York: Macmillan & Co.
Tm: Soxo or rm; Swoao, and Other Verses.
Henley. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Fi.ow1=:a 0’ rm; VINE, ROMANTIC BALLADB, AND Sosrnn
DI ROMA. By \'illiam Sharp. New York: Charles L. Web-
ster & Co.
L/nrs AND Lnosnns (Second Series). By E. Nesbit (Mrs.
Hubert Bland J. New York : Longmans, Green & Co.
LEADING Unszs Donn mro Ezmmsa, and Other Diver-
sions. By Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart. New York: Mac-
millan & Co.
Hanan or‘ TRQY: Her Life and Translation. Done into
Rhyme from the Greek Books. By Andrew Lang. London :
George Bell & Sons.
Lovr. Lsrrisas or A Viommsr, and Other Poems. By
Eric Macksy. New York: Lovell, Coryell & Co.
Ssvsxrssnrn CENTURY Lvaics. Edited by George Saints-
bury. New York: Macmillan & Co.
Soxos or rm: Lowvz. and Other Poems. By George Hor-
ton. Chicago: F. J. Schulte & Co.
Tom) IN Tux GATE. By Arlo Bates.
Brothers.
DREAMS AND Dnvs. Poems by George Parsons Lathrop.
New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
SWALIDW Fuonrs. By Louise Chandler Moulton.
ton: Roberts Brothers.
Tm: Wises or Icsnus. By Susan Marr Spalding. Boston:
Roberts Brothels.
Tan Dxvmr. Connor or DANTE Auoi-iuuu. Translated
by Charles Eliot Norton. IlI., Paradise. Boston: Hough-
ton, Mifliin & Co.
By Rudyard
By W. E.
Boston : Roberts
Bos-


186
THE DIAL

friendly rivalry, and makes inevitable some sort of
comparison. In each case, the poet has written
in a. rather lighter vein than previously, and with
some view to the requirements of the stage. But
neither has gone so far in his concessions as to for-
get that the production of pure poetry was his fore-
most aim, and that aim has by each notably been
reached. In its exhibition of the essentially dra-
matic instinct, the instinct that grasps to the full
the diamatic possibilities of each moment of the
action, and that determines the succession of events
with clear sight of the coming climax, Mr. Swin-
burne’s work is the more successful, although this
must not be interpreted to mean that it is better
adapted to the requirements of the spectator. In that
respect we think that °‘ The Foresters” has the ad-
vantage, although the reader finds it dramatically
less perfect. On the other hand the glamour of
romantic historical association, which gives to Lord
Tennyson’s plays so much of its charm, is almost
wholly lacking in “ The Sisters." In restraint, in
that simplicity of form that denotes the highest
art, in the beauty of detached lines and lyrics, it
would be difiicult to give more praise to one play
than to the other. Mr. Swinburne’s poem certain-
ly appears defective in its frequent introduction of
modern colloquialisms into the dialogue. They
offer a contrast to the tragic tone of the play as
a whole, and detract something from its dignity.
The dramatic interlude (for there is a play within
the play) is consistent in key, and is a little master-
piece. It is introduced by the following lovely lyric :
“ Love and Sorrow met in _May
Crowned with rue and hawthorn-spray,
And Sorrow smiled.
Scarce a bird of all the spring
Durst between them pass and sing,
And scarce a child.
“ Love put forth his hand to take
Sorrow’s wreath for Sorrow's sake,
Her crown of rue.
Sorrow cast before her down
Even for love’s sake Love's own crown,
Crowned with dew.
" VVinter breathed again, and Spring
Cowered and shrank with wounded wing
Down out of sight.
May, with all her loves laid low,
Saw no flowers but flowers of snow
That mocked her flight.
“ Love rose up with crownless head
Smiling down on springtime dead,
On wintry May.
Sorrow, like a cloud that flies,
Like a cloud in clearing skies,
Passed away."
Mr. S�inburne’s dedications have a matchless grace
well known to his readers, and the dedication of
this volume, to Lady Mary Gordon, is as good as
the best of those that have preceded it.
Any serious attempt to restore the blank-verse
drama to its proper place in English poetry is de-
serving of praise, and Mr. Hosken’s two tragedies,
“ Phaon and Sappho ” and “ Nimroc ,” are serious

and carefully~planned pieces of work. But they
are not written in the language of poetry, as such
a passage as follows will illustrate:
" The princes of Epire and Egypt come,
Being students and companions from their youth,
In visitation to our honoured isle ;
Lesbos being in the line and route of travel
That they propose to go. Come with us now,
And you will see their landing and their state;
The bustle and commotion of the day
\Vill help to dissipate your darker mood
By loss of individuality
Among a crowd that spurs your interest up."
There is too much of this hopelessly prosaic sort
of composition in Mr. Hosken's pages. Their real
failure is here, and not in the anachronisms of
which criticism is forestalled by the author’s own
preface.
Most of Mr. Kipling's “Ballads and Barrack-
Room Ballads” have been published in a previous
collection, but some (including the best of them)
are new except to the magazines. In " The English
Flag” the poet certainly touches the high-water
mark of his powers. This splendid lyric gives to
English patriotism such voice as its most inspired
singers have rarely given it. Taking for his text
a newspaper paragraph descriptive of mob-insult to
the Union Jack, the poet appeals to the four winds
to put the rabble to shame.
“ Winds of the \Vorld, give answer!
to and fro —
And what should they know of England, who only England
know ? —
The poor little street-bred people that vapour and fume and
brag,
They are lifting their heads in the stillness to yelp at the
English flag."
And one by one the winds give answer, and re-
hearse the deeds of English daring that they have
witnessed and vainly endeavored to bring to naught.
Here is the closing stanza of the \Vest wind’s song
and the poem:
" The dead dumb fog hath wrapped it — the frozen dews have
ki.s8ed—
The naked stars have seen it, a fellow-star in the mist.
What isvthe flag of England? Ye have but my breath to
dare,
Ye have but my waves to conquer. Go forth, for it is there! ”
They are whimpering
Nothing else in the volume makes quite the im-
pression of this ringing ballad, although other
poems hold the attention by their picturesque qual-
ity. “ The Ballad of Boh Da Thone” gives ex-
pression to the whole of modern India, if one reads
it aright, and the story of “ Tomlinson ” blends the
qualities of imagination and irony most effectively,
although the episode it describes finds its prototype
in a remarkable scene of Ibsen's “ Peer Gynt.”
The author of “The Song of the Sword” has a
vocabulary of big words which he uses in so con-
veniently vague a sense that doubtless some one
will presently discover him to be the greatest poet
of the age. Most of his mouthings seem to us
sound and fury, but we would hardly say that their
significance is naught; rather that they have too


1892.]
THE DIAL
many possible significations. One can, with an ef-
fort, generally get their drift, but only the coopera-
tive intellect of a club would be equal to the task of
elucidating their details. Here, for example, is a
characteristic passage, in which the Moon and Sea
are personified:
“Flaunting, tawdry, and grim,
From cloud to cloud along her beat,
Leering her battered and inveterate leer,
She signals where he prowls in the dark alone,
Her horrible old man,
Mumbling old oaths and warming
His villainous old bones with villainous talk —
The secrets of their grisly housekeeping
Since they went out upon the pad
In the first twilight of self-conscious Time :
Growling, obscene, and hoarse,
Tales of unnumbered ships,
Goodly and strong, companions of the Advance
In some vile alley of the night
“Faylaid and bludgeoned —
Dead."
There is imagination enough here, and of unusually
strong quality, but we question the use of epithets
at many points. Some of the pieces, as wholes,
remain absolute enigmas after several readings. It
cannot be the poet's business to write in a way to
deserve such comments. There is a good deal of
the gospel according to Whitman in Mr. Henley’s
lines; the joy of living, the praise of deed, and the
sentiment of patriotism.
“ Life is worth living
Through every grain of it
From the foundations
To the last edge
Of the cornerstone, death.”
This is about the essence of the writer's philosophy.
Both the passages we have quoted illustrate his
fondness for irregular metres; in fact, most of his
work is nothing more than rhythmical prose. As
such, it does not lapse from taste, as freely or as
far as Whitnian’s, but it lacks the American poet's
distinction of phrase. Our second illustration also
illustrates a metre that has never been made to
work well in modern English; that no modern
writer, except Goethe, seems to have been able to
use effectively. If Mr. Henley would cease doing
violence to style for the sake of originality and con-
sent to the formal restraints within which much
greater poets do not chafe, his imaginative and
emotional qualities would carry him far, as indeed,
they have done already in some of his shorter and
less pretentious poems.
Some spirited and rather striking Scotch bal-
lads, a group of “poems of phantasy,” and a col-
lection of nocturnes, inspired by Roman themes—
fitly named “ Sospiri di Roma "—-are the contents
of Mr. VVilliam Sharp’:-; volume of collected verse.
The Roman pieces are irregular in measure and
roughly rhythmical; their vocabulary is poetical,
although there are not a few verbal affectations to
be found in them. “ The Isle of Lost Dreams” is
a “poem of phantasy " which, although brief,
amply illustrates the writer’s mood and manner.

"There is an Isle beyohd our ken,
Haunted by dreams of weary men.
Grey Hopes enshadow it with wings
“leery with burdens of old things:
There the insatiate water-springs
Rise with the tears of all who weep:
And deep within it, deep, oh deep
The furtive voice of Sorrow sings,
There evermore,
Till Time be o’er,
Sad, oh so sad, the Dreams of men
Drift through the Isle beyond our ken.”
Mr. Thomas A. J anvier contributes a friendly and
not over critical introduction to the volume.
Mrs. Bland’s humorous description of her Muse
b ' l'|
BS a emg W 0 "\Valk.s lifels muddy ways
Barefooted ; preaches, sometimes prays,
Is modern, is advanced, has views ;
Goes in for lectures, reads the news.”
illustrates one aspect of the poems which she calls
“ Lays and Legends." The other and truer aspect
may be seen in such a poem as “ Here and There.”
which contrasts the peace of the country with the
turmoil of the town, and deliberately chooses the
latter, for
" Yet in my darkest night there shines a star
More fair than day ;
There is a flower that blossoms sweet and white
In the sad city way.
That flower blooms not where the wide marshes gleam,
That star shines only when the skies are grey.
“ For here fair peace and passionate pleasure wane
Before the light
Of radiant dreams that make our lives worth life
And turn to noon our night:
We fight for freedom and the souls of men —
Here, and not there, is fought and won our fight! "
Mr. Swinburne might almost have written these
verses and put them among his “ Songs before Sun-
rise." Mrs. Bland‘s work is very strong, as readers
of her previous volumes know. There are ballads
of marked dramatic power, and spiritual tragedies
told in song. And the poems echo in every liue a
life that has been lived, not merely dreamed about.
Perhaps the finest of them all is the dual song of
“ The Lost Soul and the Saved," of the soul that
was saved because it was never tempted, and the
soul that was lost because flesh was stronger than
spirit. There is a subtle irony about this poem that
makes it singularly impressive. Is the soul saved,
after all? that can exclaim in exultation—-
"Oh, the infinite marvels of grace,
Oh, the great atonementls cost l
Lifting my soul above
Those other souls that are lost! "
Or is the other really lost when it can thus give
thanks ?
“ Hell is not hell lit by such consolation,
Heaven were not heaven that lacked a thought like this~
That, though my soul may never see salvation,
God yet saves all these other souls of his! "
Sir Frederick Pollock's amusing parodies called
“ Leading Cases Done into English” were origin-
ally published in 1876. They include examples
after Chaucer, Browning, Swinburne. and Tennyson,
as well as several imitations of old ballad forms.


188
[Sept. 16,
THE
DIAL
_..._.- _,_ _,_,..
Here is a bit of the version according to Browning
of the case of Scott v. Shepherd (1 Sm. L. C. 480 ): I
“ Now, you’re my pupil!
On the good ancient plan I shall do what I can
For your hundred guineas to give my law’s blue pill.
(Let high jurisprudence which thinks me and you dense,
Set posse of cooks to stir new Roman soup ill I,
First volume of Smith shall give you the pith
Of leading decision that shows the division
Of action on case from plain action of trespass,
Where to count in assault law benignantly says ‘ Pass I ’ ”
Mr. Swinburne has never been better parodied (not
even by himself) than in the dedication of these
"leading cases” to the mythical J. S. of the old
law-books. Here is the last stanza:
“ Though the Courts that were manifold dwindle
To divers Divisions of one,
And no fire from your face may rekindle
The light of old learning undone.
We have suitors and briefs for our payment,
\Vhile, so long as a Court shall hold pleas,
We talk moonshine with wigs for our raiment,
Not sinking the fees.”
The “ other diversions,” now first collected, consist
of Greek, Latin, French, and German verses and
translations, together with two or three English
pieces. We must extract some lines from the poem
upon the young man who has gone in for the “higher
criticism ” of the Old Testament and who says:
"J’a.i criinement lavé
La tete A messire Iahvé.”
The poet may not be sound, butihe is surely amus-
ing when he remarks:
“ Car m'est avis que l’Eternel,
J uge A nous tous et sans appel,
Ayant an fond, soit dit sans schisme,
Pas mal de pantagruélisme,
Ne s’occupe dc telle gent
Que pour en rire énormément."
Mr. Lang's “ Helen of Troy : Her Life and
Translation," was well deserving of reproduction
in the tasteful and very inexpensive edition before
us. It is a charming piece of work; perhaps the
best of the author's essays in versemaking.' As most
readers know. Mr. Lang tells the story of Helen from
the standpoint of the legend that leaves her blame-
less for her desertion of Menelaus, making her but
the blind instrument of the will of Aphrodite. It
is needless to add that no one not saturated with
the spirit of Greek poetry and myth ‘could have
written this lovely poem.
The new and authorized edition of Mr. Eric
Mackay’s “ Love Letters of a Violinist and Other
Poems ” contains a considerable amount of matter
not included in the earlier editions. Perhaps the
best of the added poems is “A Choral Ode to Lib-
erty,” from which we extract these stanzas:
“A thousand times, O Freedom ! have I turned
To thy rapt face, and wished that, ma.rtyr~wise,
I might achieve some glory, such as burned
Vvithin the depths of Gordon's azure eyes.
Ah God! how sweet it were to give thee life,
To aid thy cause, self-sinking in the strife,
Loving thee best, O Freedom! and in tears
Giving thee thanks for death-accepted years.
-Qn-¢-as v. -.-.- ---
“ For thou art fearful, though so grand of soul,
Fearful and fearless and the friend of men.
The haughtiest kings shall bow to thy control,
And rich and poor shall take thy guidance then.
“lho doubts the daylight when he sees afar
The fading lamp of some night-weary star,
Which prophet-like, has heard amid the dark
The first faint prelude of the nested lark ? ”
Mr. Mackay's briefer lyrics are often sweet and
true, while the “ Love Letters of a Violinist” throb
with a passion whose sincerity none may question.
Many of the poems sound a high note of patriotism,
and some of them pay such tribute to Shakespeare
as few poets have -found words for. We note with
surprise that these poems have been overlooked by
Mrs. Silsby in her recent anthology of verse dedi-
cated to the greatest of poets. “Mary Arden"
and " The King's Rest” are poems that certainly
should not be missed in that collection. Mr. Mac-
kay's sonnets are not always regular in form, but
they include some fine examples of workmanship.
Three pretty Italian songs close Mr. Mackay’s vol-
ume. The exquisite poem, “I Miei Saluti,” after
greeting the daisy, the nightingale, and the May
sun, thus ends:
“Ti saluw, Donna mia,
Cnstaepin, . . . . ti saluto!
Sci la diva dei desiri,
Sei la Santa dei Sospiri."
Mr. Saintsbury’s anthology of “Seventeenth Cen-
tury Lyrics ” includes nearly two hundred numbers,
beginning with Dekker, Jonson, Campion, and the
other later Elizabethans, and ending very naturally
with Dryden. “ In this seventeenth ccntury of
ours," remarks the editor, “ England was a mere
nest of singing birds, a nightingale’s haunt in a
centennial May." Mr. Saintsbury has the advan-
tage of a wide range of reading and of Mr. Bullen's
labors as a collector of lyrics. He has included al-
most all sorts of things that could possibly be called
lyrics, sonnets alone excepted, has given his pieces
whole, and has quite needlessly mixed them up in
his arrangement. Shakespeare and Milton are not
here, “ for the stars look best when both sun and
moon are away."
The lesson of “ The Arrow and the Song” seems
to have been taken to heart by Mr. George Horton,
to judge from the prelude to his volume of verse.
“ I plucked a song from out my heart one day,
And tossed it on the noisy stream of rhyme.
Sadly I watched it slowly float away
'Mongst thistles, weeds, and sprigs of fragrant thyme.
‘ ’Tis lost,’ I said, ‘ "tis lost for evermore
Although within my heart of hearts it grew.’
And yet, far down beside the rcedy shore
It taught one soul its lesson sweet and true.
And I, I never knew."
Much of Mr. Horton's work is so good, that we
cannot help wishing it were better. It is easy to
see that it might be better, and that it generally
fails from carelessness rather than from lack of
gift. It is the old story of fatal facility over again.
There are some pretty translations, one of them
from Gautier (here called Gauthier), and it is pre-


1892.] THE
DIAL
189
cisely the sort of art exemplified by Gautier that
has not hitherto seemed to be the author’s affair.
Mr. Horton would do well to study. Of the “ Songs 1 Here is a brief but pretty example:
of the Lowly,” the piece called “ The Outs and Ins ”
offers an excellent example. It ends in this fashion :
" The Ins are born of finest clay,
The gods bend down to hear them pray ;
Chance smiles upon them at their birth
And during all their days on earth
This bright old planet gayly spins
To the jolly tune of the Outs and Ins.
" Of coarsest clay the Outs are born —
A heritage of toil and scorn;
And they may curse, or may implore
Our God and all the gods of yore ;
But still the dark earth shrieks and spins
To the bitter tune of the Outs and Ins.
“Ah me! And so, in life and death,
We cling to him of Nazareth;
Of blessed Lazarus we tell,
And Dives. dead and gone to hell;
Because this old earth only spins
To the dreary tune of the Outs and Ins."
Mr Horton writes sometimes in gravely philosophic
mood, and, at his best, the product is like this:
" We live two lives thus: one in which there beams
By turns a sun and moon;
The other while we range the realm of dreams,
Wearing its magic shoon.
“ Wild songs, low sobs, faint echoings, often drift
From that life into this,
And sometimes greet us, peeping through a rift,
Faces of those we miss.
“ But who our nnremembered dreams can guess ?
Can any poet tell
What poppied meads with eager feet we press,
What fields of asphodel 1’
“ Nay this our madness, that we think is life,
Lasts only for a day.
And then we leave its folly and its strife,
To sleep and dream for aye."
Much of Mr. Horton's verse is of the “society ”-
sort, and often catches something very like the
grace of Praed or Dobson. “ Out in Tokio ” is
a pretty trifle apropos of Sir Edwin Arnold, the
susceptible. This is the last stanza:
“Love, the wide world over,
Catches small and great;
Maidens’ eyes are fatal,
Whether slant or straight.
Hearts are made to open,
Just as buds to blow.
Luck to bold Sir Edwin
Out in Tokio!
Out in Tokio, out in Tokio,
Luck to gallant Edwin
Out it in Tokio ! ”
The new volume of poems by Mr. Arlo Bates
gives us a series of Arabian tales, as “Told in the
Gate” of Ispahan by a professional story-teller.
They are seven in number, written in blank verse,
and interspersed with songs. In these Arabian
Days’ Entertainments. Mr. Bates has done better
work than his other volumes would have led us to
expect. The narratives have oriental coloring,
dramatic interest, and a distinctive style. Even
the lyrics are pleasing, although subjective verse

“ Oh, can night doubt its star, the dawn its sun ?
Can rivers doubt the sea to which they run ?
No more canst thou doubt me, heart’s dearest one l
Doubt is the darkness, love the light ;
Doubt is the night, and love the dav;
Doubt is this earth which takes its flight ;
But love is Heaven that lasts alway I ”
It can hardly be said that Mr. Bates has realized
the oriental type of the lover’s passion in these
tales. It is really the sentimental and romantic
passion of the West that is here disguised but not
concealed beneath the glowing imagery of the East.
But the stories are charmingly conceived and told,
and their variety of incident makes us forget to
scrutinize their essential truthfulness too closely.
Lyrics that do not sing, dramatic narratives that
do not stir, and respectable sonnets and memorial
odes that impart no thrill, are about the sum of
what may be found in Mr. George Parsons Lath-
rop’s volume of “Dreams and Days.” One need
not even be the “mephitic angry critic” of “O
Jay!” to fail to recognize poetry in lines of which
these are a fair example,
u O jay _
Blue jay !
\Vhat are you trying to say ?
I remember, in the spring
You pretended yon could sing;
But your voice is now still queerer,
And as yet you’ve come no nearer
To a song.”
We regret to say that Mr. Lathrop has nowhere
come much “nearer to a song” than in this instance.
Mrs. Moulton has a high and assured place in
the ranks of our minor poets, and the new edition
of her volume of 1877 does not need to create an,
audience. A few new poems are added, and the

title “Swallow Flights ” is given to the entire col-
lection. Mrs. Moulton's song is simple and spon-
taneous in utterance, and sincerity marks it through-
out. “ Fiat Justitia." is an excellent example of
the workmanship.
“ Yes. all is ended now, for I have weighed thee,-
Weighed the light love that has been held so dear,-
Weiglied word and look and smile, that have betrayed thee,
The careless grace that was not worth a tear.
“ Holding these scales, I marvel at the anguish
For thing so slight that long my heart hath torn,—~
For God's great sun the prisoner's eyes might languish,
Not for a torch by some chance passer borne.
“ I do not blame thee for thy headless playing
On the strong chords whose answer was so full,—~
Do children care, through daisied meadows straying,
What hap befall: the blossoms that they pull?
“ Go on, gay trifler! Take thy childish pleasure:
On thee, for thee, may summer always shine :
Too stern were Justice, should she seek to measure
Thy titful love by the strong pain of mine."
Mrs. Moulton’s poems are largely contemplative
and retrospective. They have the grace of autumn

woods or of sunset skies. The few sonnets make


190
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
-. u---. --n -—-

us wish that there were more of them. Their gentle
melancholy is very suggestive of the blind poet, the
author’s friend, to whom she has paid frequent lov-
ing tribute.
No better text for a. commentary upon “The
Wings of Icarus ” could be found than the quatrain
at the close of the volume:
“Scorn not the small song-blossoms of the hour,
\Vhose fragile petals strew the winds of time.
Some distant age may joy to see them flower
Upon our crumbling Parthenons of rhyme.”
The poems to which Miss Spalding has given the
title above quoted are indeed slight and fragile-
petalled blossoms of song, but they are both fra-
grant and fair. There is perhaps too much mod-
esty in the title, and in the confession and prophesy
that goes with it:
“ Like Icarus, I deemed my pinions strong
To bear me to the heaven of my desire ;
Like him, from skies too glowing, I am hurled.
Now, for a day these broken plumes of song,
Faded and scorched by love’s divinest fire,
The winds of fate shall blow about the world.”
Certainly there is both deep feeling and strangely
imaginative power in such a sonnet as “ Death's
First Lesson,” and we should be loth to believe
that the winds of fate will blow it straight to ob-
livion :
" Three sad, strange things already death hath shown
To me who lived but yesterday. My love,
Vi/ho lived to kiss my hands and lips above
All other joys,—wl1ose heart upon my own
So oft has thx-obbed,—fears me, now life has flown,
And shuddering turns away. The friend who strove
My trust to win, and all my faith did prove,
Sees in my pale, still form a bar o’erthrown
To some most dear desire. While one who spake
No fond and flattering word of love or praise,
\Vho only cold and stern reproof would give
To all my foolish unconsidered ways.-
This one would glad have died that I might live;
This heart alone lies broken for my sake."
Miss Spalding’s verse has fervor and sincerity; it
is the voice of the heart to the heart, and the lyrical
quality is not lacking, although often subdued to
philosophic strain.
The publication of the “Paradise” completes
Professor N0rton’s prose translation of "The Di-
vine Comedy,” and thus places in the hands of
readers not familiar with the original a version at
once accurate and elegant, provided with as many
notes as an intelligent reader ought to have, and
divided into volumes of convenient size and satis-
factory typography. In the matter of notes, al-
though the diflicult theology of the third Cantica
calls for more than were needed in the earlier vol-
umes, the reader has been treated about as he was
treated by Richard Grant \Vhite in his edition of
Shakespeare. He who knows something of Italian
(if ever so little) will find Butler more useful than
Norton, but others will have no hesitation in de-
claring for the latter version.
W1L1.1AM ltionrox PAYNE.

Bnmrs ON NEW Booxs.
Tl-{E “Land of the Almighty Dol-
lar” (F. \Varne & Co.), a volume
with an obtrusively star-spangled
cover, sets forth the hasty American impressions of
F. Panmure Gordon. Mr. Gordon is an English-
man who has, he says, “scanned the world from
China to Peru "; and one is gratified to find that
opinions formed of us by so extensive a traveller
are, on the whole, very favorable. Mr. Gordon is
clearly a. good-tempered man. He discourses with
amiable garrulity of American hotels, clubs, rail-
ways, newspapers, politics, etc., and gives his views
as to New York, Chicago, and the \Vorld's Fair.
He finds our hotel service “perfectly execrable,"
our paper money a concrete exemplification of
“filthy lucre,” our carriages, like our women
(though here with certain reservations as to ac-
cent), “ hors li_r]ne,” our theatres “generally very
attractive,” and the city of Chicago—to the con-
temptuous amusement of his New York friends—
“one of the wonders of modern times.” W'e are
pained to find Mr. Gordon alluding, in a lively
chapter on New York society, to the great Mr.
McAllister as “a certain rather fatuous person,
who has been more or less prominent, according to
the point of view taken in social matters,” etc.
This is irreverent enough; but when the infatuated
man goes on to say (touching the position of the
word “ van ” in a man's name). “ Thus. Van Court-
land, for example, is aristocratic, Sullivan is ple-
bian; but when you deprive Van Courtland of his
money and hand it over to Sullivan, the position of
the ‘ van ’ is not so important,” one really begins to
think of Ajax and the lightning. In view of his
chapter on American women, however, much may
be forgiven Mr. Gordon. “ There is no doubt," he
thinks, “that the mixture of race, or atmosphere,
or whatever makes beauty —-that subtle but most
desirable alchemy-—is floating like thistle-down in
the air of the United States of America.” Of
American women abroad: “No women are more
courted, admired, and praised. If they choose to
respond by being bouncing and loud, it is a fault
easily corrected. Remembering they come from a
country where they are always first, they are always
found running against cobweb lines of etiquette.
Like persons who come out of a glare of light into
a dark room where they do not see, what wonder
if they make some mistakes?” The volume con-
tains a portrait of the author, and is prettily illus-
trated with vignettes in the French style.

A good-tempered
Engl1'.rI|m4m'.!
vicu‘: of Amcr|'ru.
Pr0fe.uorHnrIr_1/‘J IN the “Prologue” to his recently-
f,'Z:,",,;°,§'_',-b,';,f° issued collection of “Essays Upon
”"""°"”"~""‘~‘- Controverted Questions” (Appleton)
Professor Huxley modestly observes that “ few lit-
erary dishes are less appetizing than cold contro-
versy ” ; which is quite true as a general statement.
The issues discussed in this volume, however, are
not likely to grow "cold ” for some time to come,


1892.]
191
THE DIAL
and the “Essays” are, moreover, worth reading,
like all Professor Huxley's books, for their literary
quality alone. Every page illustrates the advantages
over the man of science pure and simple, of the
man of science who, like Professor Huxley, has re-
lieved his dusty labors by occasional sallies_ into
philosophy and polite literature. The papers (six-
teen in all) are reprints, mostly from the “Nine-
teenth Century,” and include the author's replies to
Mr. Gladstone and to Dr. Wace of King's College
in the debates on the “ Interpretation of Genesis,”
Jetc., and on “Agnosticism,” “ The Evolution of
Theology,” “Science and Morals," etc. As _a mas-
ter of fence, the doughty Professor is easily chief;
but in awarding him the palm it is only fair to note
that his rivals were heavily handicapped at the
start by the antecedent improbability of much they
argued for. In the paper on “Agnosticism,” after
an interesting bit of intellectual autobiography too
long for quotation, the author thus sums up his
philosophical attainments : “ Philosophy and history
having laid hold of me in this eccentric fashion,
have never loosened their grip. I have no preten-
sion to be considered an expert on either subject;
but the turn for- philosophical and historical read-
ing, which rendered Hamilton and Guizot attract-
ive to me, has not only filled many lawful leisure
hours, and still more sleepless ones, with the re-
pose of changed mental occupation, but has not un-
frequently disputed my proper work-time with my
liege lady, Natural Science. In this way I have
found it possible to cover a good deal of ground in
the territory of philosophy; and all the more easily
that I have never cared much about A's or B's
opinions, but have rather sought to know what
answer he had to give to the questions I had to put
to him—that of the limitation of possible knowl-
edge being the chief. The ordinary examiner, with
his ‘State the views of So-and-S0,” would have
floored me at any time. If he had said, What do
you think about any given problem, I might have
got on fairly well.”

.4cfi».pz¢1¢gmrro13 VOLUME I. of Herbert Spencer’s
0 ,,,,°,',-f,'1,',f, ,1,-"""" “ Principles of Ethics " (Appleton)
E"""“- is now issued complete. The con-
tents of the book are divided into three parts:
" The Data of Ethics" (published separately in
1879), “The Inductions of Ethics," and “ The
Ethics of Individual Life.” Part IV. (“ The Ethics
of Social Life: Justice”) of Vol. II. of this last
main division of the “Synthetic Philosophy” has
recently been issued separately. In the preface to
the present volume Mr. Spencer explains his irreg-
ular course of publication of the several portions of
“The Principles of Ethics ” as due to his anxiety
to treat at least partially, before failing health
should intervene, a division of his system (the
Ethical) to which he regards all preceding parts
as subsidiary. “ Now that moral injunctions,” he
says, “are losing the authority given by their sup-
posed sacred origin, the secularization of morals is

becoming imperative"; and he has therefore been
anxious to indicate in outline at least this final sec-
tion of his philosophical scheme, “because the estab-
lishment of rules of right conduct on a scientific
basis is a pressing need." The volume, bearing as
it does more or less directly on the vital question,
“ How to live,” is an especially popular one; and
its practical value will be allowed even by those
not willing or not ready to subscribe to the view
that conscience is derived.
IT is a pity that there should be
such inequality among the volumes
of the “ English Men of Letters”
series (Harper). A series which includes such
nearly perfect works as Symonds's Shelley, Myers’s
\Vordsworth, Pattis0n’s Milton, has a high stan-
dard to maintain which ought not to be allowed to
suffer depreciation when new books are added.
Yet this is done in the latest volume, devoted to
Thomas Carlyle and written by Professor John
Nichol. The skilful minglilig of biography and
criticism which one hopes for in a work of this
kind is not attained; there is nothing new in the
way of facts; the mass of existing material is not
picturesquely treated so as to leave a distinct im-
pression, nor is the literary style as good as we
should expect from the author of a manual on En-
glish composition. However, the book will not be
without value for the reader seeking a condensed
record of Carlyle's principal writings, doings, and
complainings. But the chapters in which an at-
tempt is made to summarize Carlyle's political phil-
osophy, his ethics and influence, are sadly lacking
in the strength and force which naturally belong to
these subjects, and it is here that the author has
missed a great opportunity.
An unml|'.w_!arior_u
biography of
T/I0n|lI8 Carlyle.
AN old friend in a new dress comes
to us in Theodore Parker's “ Lessons
""°"""”""""- from the World of Matter and the
World of Man” (C. H. Kerr & Co.) The book
has been for some time out of print, having been
first published in 1865 ; it consists of extracts from
the sermons of Parker's last ten years of ministry
(1849-1859). Other compilations from Parker's
religious writings will be consulted by those who
seek to know Parker's power as a thinker and
scholar; but»this volume as reprinted will resume
its old place as the favorite of those who value
Parker’s words as helps in formation of character
and the conduct of life. His own mind was dem-
ocratic, and in his highest flights of imagination
it has been truly said “ he kept both his feet planted
on the soil.”
Lessons from the
.S‘ermcm.v of
TWO years ago we had occasion to
mg chapters in praise Sir Robert S. Ball's admira-
P°p“‘“'A"'°”°"'”'ble and popular treatment of ele-
mentary astronomy in a book called “Slarland."
Now we have another volume from the same
author, “ In Starry Realms ” (Lippincott), supple-
mentary to the earlier work, even more charming,
Timely and charm-


192
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
and dealing with matters of special interest relating
to the different heavenly bodies. The chapter on
“ Mars as a \Vorld ” is especially timely, when all
eyes have so lately been turned upon that planet,
and our opportunities for gossip about our neigh-
bor’s affairs are better than they will be again for
thirty-two years. Other interesting chapters are
given to “Venus and Mercury,” “ The Greatest
Planet," “The Names of the Planets,” “ A Falling
Star," etc. An interesting presentation of “ Dar-
winism and its Relation to Other Branches of
Science," previously published in “ Longman's
Magazine,” forms the twenty-third and concluding
chapter of this copiously illustrated, beautifully
printed and truly valuable volume.
UNDER the collective title, “ The
Blue-Grass Region of Kentucky,”
"""*y' Harper & Brothers reprint a series
of articles descriptive of Kentucky life and man-
ners, by James Lane Allen. The papers appeared
originally in “ Harper’s ” and “ The Century Maga-
zine,” and they merit their present more permanent
form. Mr. Allen writes easilyand well, has a good
eye for local types and color, and is judicious “in
the use of dialect,— giving the reader enough of it
to serve as a sample, yet not enough to upset his
stomach. To exemplify the speech of the Ken-
tucky mountaineer is one thing, to force a reader
to listen to it for hours together is another; and
Mr. Allen leans to the side of mercy. The illus-
trations are usually good.
THE high quality of William Win-
ter's Wonk in dramatic criticism fair-
ly entitles it to the fine settingmvhich
it receives in the series of volumes to which “ Old
Shrines and Ivy ” (Macmillan) is now added. Ten
papers are given to “ Shrines of History " and ten
others to “Shrines of Literature.” These latter
were mainly written by way of introduction to
stage-versions of plays edited and privately printed
by Augustine Daly. They are on such subjects as
“The Forest of Arden; As You Like It"; “ Fairy
Land; A Mid-Summer Night's Dream ”; “ Will o’
the Wisp; Love’s Labour's Lost." They concern
themselves less with aesthetic criticism (thank
heaven!) than with historical and bibliographical
facts, early forms of publication, stage presentations,
actors early and late, the introduction of music, and
other matters not generally familiar nor easily
ascertained.
l/lift mid manners
in the Blur-Grass
Region 0_/‘Kc
A cltally and
g0.u1p% book
about stage-plays.
BRIEFER MENTION.
THE‘. translation of Blnntschli’s “ Allgemeine Stats-
lehre." by the cooperative labor of three Oxford fellows,
has now appeared in a second edition (Macmillan)
which does not, however, differ materially from the
first. It is hardly too much to say of this wrrk that
it is an attempt, and not an unsuccessful one, “to do
for the European State what Aristotle accomplished
for the Hellenic." “ The Theory of the State,” in this


' very acceptable version, is one of the few books that
absolutely must find a place on the political science
shelf of every student's library.
THE “ Dictionary of Political Economy," edited by
R‘. H. Inglis Pnlgrave, has reached its third part, the
contents extending to “ Conciliation, Boards of." Char-
tism, Children’s Labor, Christianity, City, Civil Law,
Clearing System, Cobbett, Colonies, Combination, Com-
merce, and Companies are the subjects of the more
important articles in this number (Macmillan).
THE " Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland”
have been collected and edited by Mr. George F.
Parker (Cassell). The book is an attractive one, and
in no sense a specimen of campaign literature. Mr.
Parker has classified his material in accordance with
the subjects treated, and has even gone so far as to
dissect Mr. Cleveland’s messages, placing each para-
graph under its appropriate head. No violence is
done to the author's style by this treatment, for conti-
nuity is the last thing that one looks for in a Presiden-
tial message. A few letters of a personal nature,
together with n sober and sympathetic introduction,
add greatly to the interest of the volume.
SOME recently published translations of foreign fiction
deserve a line of recognition. Theophile Gautier’s
“Four Destinies ” is translated by Lucy Arrington
(\Vorthiugton), E. Werner’s “Enthralled and Re-
leased," by Dr. Raphael, Senora. Bazan’s " The Swan of
Vilamorta,” and Pedro Antonio de Alarqon’s " The
Child of the Ball," by Mrs. Mary J. Serrano (Cassell),
l’otopenko‘s “ The Gene:-al's Daughter,” by W. Gaus-
sen (Cassell), and “ Jean de Kerdren,” a novel, by
Mlle. Jeanne Schultz, author of “La Neuvaine de Co-
lette," is translated anonymously (Appleton). “One
Year: A Tale of “'edlock” (Worthington) is said to
be from the Swedish, but no name, either of author or
translator, appears in connection with it.
LITERARY N0'rr:s AND NE\".
The addresses made upon the occasion of Walt
Whitman’s funeral have been published by Mr. Horace
L. Traubel in a tasteful pamphlet.
“Harper's Weekly” for September 10 has several
articles upon its late editor, George William Curtis, in-
cluding one by Mr. VV. D. Howells.
Buyers of rare books are warned against a clever
forgery of Mr. Swinbnrne's “Siena,” the original of
which was printed privately in 1868.
The “Overland Monthly " for September prints an
interesting sheaf of poems about California, collected
from the work of the last few years.
The “Review of Reviews" for September contains
an account of a recent performance of the “Electra”
of Sophocles, by the students of Iowa College.
A very interesting article, describing an expedition
to the great falls of Labrador, and written by Henry
G. Bryant, is published in the September “ Century.”
D. Appleton & Co. announce a new story by Col-
onel Richard Malcolm Johnson, to be entitled “Mr.
Fortnei-‘s Marital Claims." It will appear in the “ Sum-
mer Series."
“Hawbuck Grange" is the latest issue in the new
“Jorrocks" edition of the popular "Hanley Cross”
sporting novels (Lippiucott). This work was first pub-
lished in 1847.


1892.]
193
THE DIAL
Professor J. V. Shtdek, the editor of a Prague news-
paper, has translated a large number of the songs and
ballads of Burns into Czech, preserving the metrical
forms of the original.
A second edition of “Cahnire " (Macmillan) has just
appeared, with some condensation and rearrangement
of the text. The authorship of this remarkable fiction
still remains a secret.
“ The Saturday Review” describes Mr. Henry Adams's
“History of the United States " as “ an example of the
intolerable verbosity which is the plague of contempo-
rary historical writing.”
La.st year, according to the London “ Daily News,”
the British and Foreign Blind Association embossed
no less than 8,500 copies of books in various languages
in the Braille alphabet.
“ In Old St. Stephens," a novel by Miss Jeanie Drake,
a new writer, is announced for immediate publication
by D. Appleton & Co. It is a South Carolina story of
the early part of the century.
Mr. Theodore Child's second paper on “Literary
Paris,” in "Hal-per’s” for September, discusses Mel-
chior de Vogue, Guy de Maupassant, H. A. Taine, Jean
Richepin, Pierre Loti, and others.
In " The Open Court” for September 8, Mr. Charles
S. Pierce begins a series of popular articles upon logic.
“ The Critic of Arguments” is the general title given
by Mr. Pierce to these papers.
The trustees of Dove Cottage are fitting up the
building as a Wordsworth nmseum for the use of the
public. Wordsworth’s furniture and other belongings
may be seen there placed as in the poet’s lifetime.
Manchester, it seems, is to have not only the Al-
thorp Library, of which mention was made in our last
issue, but also the historical library left by the late
Professor Freeman, which has been purchased for Ow-
ens College.
lIen'rik Ibsen appears to have put an end to his long
term of self-imposed exile, for he has not only lived in
Christiana for nearly a year, but has taken and furnished
a home there. A new play from his pen may be ex-
pected this season.
The American-Jewish Historical Society, organized
last June, is engaged in collecting data concerning the
history of the Jew in America. Among its ofiiccrs
are Professor Seligman, of Columbia, i\lr. Max Cohen,
of the Maimonides Library, and Mr. Julius Rosenthal,
of Chicago.
Mr. Kineton Parkcs concludes his discussion of
“Sliclley’s Faith" in the double number of “ Poet-
Lorc” just issued. This Inunbcr also contains an
article on “The Religious Teachings of /'l'lsc-liylus,”
and a curious story, “ Newton's lirain," translated from
the Bohemian of Jakub Arbes.
“Crime and Criminal Law in the United States ” is
the subjcct of an arti-cle in the July “I-Idinbnrgh Re-
view.” lt is a heavy indictment of the lmvlessuess
prevalent in this country, and finds a resonant echo in
the recent Chautauqua address of Mr. Andrew l).
\'l/hitc, whom certainly no one will charge with defec-
tive patriotism.
Miss Lyneh’s novel, " l)anghtcrs of Mcn,” has been
translated into Greek, and has been favorably reviewed
by the Athenian press. 'l'l|c leading papers of Athena
consider that the book is the first extensive work on
modern Greece that can be .'4:\ill to show an accurate

knowledge and faithful observation of the life and mau-
ners of the country.
The endowment of literature, in one form or another,
has often been suggested, and a wealthy Hungarian has
recently found at least 0' e practical solution of the
problem. This philanthrrpic gentleman has set aside
150,000 gnlden, with a handsome villa in the capital, for
the use of “ the best living Hungarian author.” A jury
of eight persons, publishers and members of learned
societies, are to make the award, and the person selec-
ted is to enjoy the villa and the income of the fund for
life. It is generally understood that Jokai will be the
first beneficiary under this arrangement. It would per-
haps be hypercritical to suggest that there is a little too
much of the Maecenas idea in this plan, but the inclu-
sion of publishers in the jury of award appears to be a
device fraught with dangerous possibilities.
Sir Edwin Arnold has thus written of his new
Japanese play, “ The Story of Adzuma”: “ This true,
tender, noble, and pathetic story, by all its incidents in
the highest degree dramatic and heart-stirring, has
never yet been told in English, although for so many
years popular in Japan. Those scholars who have given
to the western world other famous pieces from Japan-
ese history have either feared to deal with the tragic
particulars of the tale or have not found access to good
versions of it. The present author has spared no pains
to obtain full narratives, and has written his play with
the double purpose of composing a literary work in the
dramatic form worthy, if it may be, of the beautiful
heroine, who is a pure and true type of the highest Jap-
anese womanhood, and also of supplying for the mod-
ern English and American stage a tragedy in all respects
‘actable,’ and illustrating with close fidelity the man-
ners and motives of the Japanese people.”
COJEIMUNICA TIONS.
THE VACANT " EASY CHAIR."
(To the Editor of TI-IE Dun.)
The prince of short-essay writers is gone. “Curtis
could n’t write badly if he tried," was the remark of
a friend several years ago, as with a sigh of apprecia-
tive content he laid down something from the pcn of
George William Curtis. Such has been the unuttered
thought, doubtless, of hundreds of delighted readers
who have come to know Mr. Curtis well in the place he
has so long and so brilliantly filled. That is a most
charming picture--the illustration in the current mun-
ber of “Harper’s \Veekly” (date of September 10),
which gives us a glimpse of the lamented editor in his
study, the home atmosphere all about him, a ragged
little terrier curled up confidingly on a blanket at his
feet, those books he so much loved fairly framing the
portrait of the essayist and author as he sits at work in
that familiar easy chair, now long a favorite retreat in
many an intelligent American home.
But it is not as eulogy that these paragraphs are
written, so much as to call attention to the superlative
cxccllencc of one of Mr. Curtis’s brief essays which up-
pcared very recently in the department of the “l'Ins_r
Chair.” I refer to the article upon "National Conven-
tions,” printed iu the August munber of the magazine.
The essay gathers more significance, perhaps, when
we recall the prominent part taken by its author


194
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
in two of the most notable nominating conventions ever
held: for in 1860 Mr. Curtis was a conspicuous figure
in that Chicago meeting which nominated Abraham
Lincoln for the presidency, and won the admiration of
the delegates by his eloquent defense of the principles
he cherished. Again he was a delegate, in 1884, to the
convention which nominated Mr. Blaine ; he refused to
support the nomination, and decided on that course of
political action now familiar to us all. Mr. Curtis, then,
understood thoroughly the theme which he thus selected
as timely and important. It affords an excellent speci-
men of its author’s style as an essayist, aside from its
merit of presenting in popular fashion a comprehensive
picture of a tremendous institution, drawn with the in-
sight of knowledge and experience. The conclusion of
a single paragraph must suffice for illustration: “ The
two-thirds rule, as it is called, was designed to baffle
the fundamental democratic principle, which is the rule
of the majority. When that is abandoned, the propor-
tion selected is purely arbitrary. It may as well be
nine-tenths ms two-thirds. But even such a dam will
not resist the swelling waters of feeling in a convention.
The French say that it is the unexpected that happens,
but in a national convention it is the unforeseen which
is anticipated. The palpitating multitude, which has
been stimulating its own excitement, confronts every
doubtful moment with an air which says plainly, ‘N ow
it’s coming.’ ” There is throughout this essay all of the
Addisonian vivacity and grace, together with a perfect-
ness of diction and attainment of effect which Addison
never knew. It may well be taken, it seems to me, as
one of the happiest excursions of this master essayist
along one of those rambling lanes of pleasant informal i
discourse where we have so often followed him with in-
terest and delight. E_ w_ S_
(,'lu'r:|gu, Srpt. I0, 189?.
HAS AMERICA A LAUREATE ‘?
( To the Editor of Tm: DIAL.)
Some years ago, when Mr. Edmund Gosse hazarded
in a British review the question " Has America a poet ? "
it provoked a tempest of answers from this Western
Continent. Many of us were inclined to consider this
interrogation a piece of gratuitous impertinence, or at
the least of extreme effrontery. In the last issue of
Tm-1 DIAL I find cited the opinion of another foreign
critic »- a Frenchman named VVyzega or \Vyzeva—who,
in accordance with some mysterious standard of his
own, denies the title of poet to Lowell and Iiolmes and
Vi/hitticr, but vouchsafcs it to \Valt Vvhitman, S. Mer-
rill, and F. V. Grifiin.
We may smile at the ccceutricities of s-uch critics,
but, seriously,_now that Lowell and Whitman and
Whittier are dcad and Holmes is an oe'togenarian,— to
whom shall we point as the great leader in American
poetical achievement ‘? Wlloiii shall we in our o�n
minds crown with the laurel? We shall not be justi-
fied, I think, in claiming for anyone the right to rank
among the great poets of the world unless we can show
that in addition to power of original thought and indi-
viduality of style, he has the ability to plan and carry
out great projects, perennial charm of manner, and ex-
quisite artistic workmanship. To rank with the great-
cst poets he must add to the perfection of his product
both variety and abundance of thought.
\'Vhat American can meet those tests ? “'hat Ameri-
can-for the sake of a more definite tcst—can write

a Columbian Ode worthy to be placed beside Lowell's
“Commemoration Ode "7 E_ ]_>_ AND;-_R30N_
Oxford, 0., Sept. 10, I893.

WHO READS A CHICAGO BOOK?
(To the Edit-or of THE DIAL.)
In your last issue “J. K.,” whom I suppose there is
little trouble in identifying, has something to say as to
\Vestern literature, and draws the conclusion that what
is needed for the encouragement of literary production
in the 
\’est is an appreciative home constituency.
In my opinion, and I have had some experience, the
special drawback to literary development in the West
is that, with a persistency worthy of a better cause, the
gentlemen employed upon the daily and weekly press
have confined their critical attention to works which
before they get at them have received the approval of
English or of Eastern critics. It is a good many years
ago that the question was asked, " Can any good come
out of Nazareth?” and in the minds of our Eastern
moulders of thought it seems that no work of literary
force can come out of Chicago. As their opinions are
taken at second-hand by our local judges, Chicago read-
ers never learn of even the existence of many credit-
able productions of Western men and women.
That the West has a literature of its own,_ strong,
vigorous, and racy of the soil,--those who have read the
productions of Western men during the last two years
know, but the general public has not learnt of the fact
from the book reviews of Western newspapers. J. M.
Chicago, Sept. 1?, 1892.
THE SHELLEY MEMORIAL SUBSCRIPTION.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL)
Publicity has been given to details of the celebration,
at Ilorsham, Sussex, England, of the Centenary of
Percy Bysshe Shelley, August 4, upon which day
addresses were made, and a memorial tablet, bearing
the poet’s name, etc., was placed in the parish church.
The Shelley Committee, headed by Lord Tennyson,
includes upon its list the names of Geo. Meredith, \'.
Morris, Prof. Max-Miiller, Prof. Dowden, Prof. Jebb,
Leslie Stephen, Stopford A. Brooke, Edmund Gosse,
\Villiam Sharp, Theo. Watts, W. Besant, T. Hardy,
Sir F. Leighton, Henry Irving, and other well-known
representatives of letters and the arts in Great Britain.
It has been decided that the most fitting memorial to
the poet will be a. “ Shelley Library and Museum,” to be
established at Horsbam, near the place _1f his nativity.
The Library will include, in addition to general liter-
ature, all such works as may be specially connected
with Shelley. In the Museum a home will be found
for personal relics of the poet.
To provide the needed funds, a call is made for sub-
scriptions, and the readers and lovers of Shelley
throughout the English-speaking world are invited to
contribute. Any sums which may be sent to us, by
check or postal-order, will be duly remitted to the
lion. Secretary, Mr. Jas. Stanley Little, of Ilorshunu.
Receipts will be promptly given to subscribers, and a
public acknowledgment will be made from time to
time i|| the literary and daily journals.
Contributions may be forwarded to either of the
undersigned American melnbers of the Committee.
l-Inmuun C. S1‘!-‘.muAN. RICHARD \V.n'sos Gn.|n-‘.n,
M llroznlwny, New York Clty. 31'» l-Inst lTth .\‘t., New York City.


1892.]
195
TIIL‘ DIAL
Al)1)1'l‘lUNAL FALL .\.\'.\'0U1\'(:r:1
r-:x'r's.
Lack of space in our last issue made it impossible, as
was there explained, to include with the regular Fall
.-
nouncernents the very full list of forthcoming books
for the young, which was therefore postponed to the
present issue. The list now given is n very complete
one, and shows by its fulness and variety the irrrport-
zruce with which this class of publications is regarded
by publishers. It will be found well worthy the atten-
tion of the reader, whether he be the librarian or the
bookseller who must prepare for coming dcnnnrds for
this class of literature, or the parent who is confronted
with the ever-vital query, “What books shall we put
into the hands of our boys and girls ?”
ln addition to the list of Juveniles, some supplemen-
tary titles ure given of miscellaneous books announced
since our previous issue.
BOOKS FOR Tnr-1 Yovso.
A Wonder-Book for Boys and Girls, by Nathaniel Hawthorne,
illus. in color by Walter Crane. with onramental color
headpieces, etc., $3.00.—Little Folk L rice, by Frarrk
Demeter Sherman. (Houghton, Mifllin Co.)
The Boy Travellers in Central Europe, by T. \V. Knox, illus.,
$1l.00.——Har r’s Young People for 18912, illus., $3l..'r0.
(Harper & ros.)
Tom Paulding, n boy’s book, by Brander Matthews, illus.,
$1..'i0.—The Admrral's Caravan, a story. b Charles E.
Carry], illus. b Birch.— -A Book of Cheerful ‘nts. pictures
and verses by . G. Francis, $1.00. (Century Co.»
Giovanni and the Other, children who have made stories, by
Mrs. Burnett, illus., by Birch, 31..">0.——Tlre Clocks of
Rondaine, and Other Stories, by F. R. Stockton, illus.
$1.-'r0.~Kent. Hampden, n story of a boy, by Rebecca
Harding Davis, illus. by Z baum, $1.00.—Bovhood in
Norway, b H. H. Boyesen, i lus., 81..">0.~-—The End of a
Rainbow, y Rossiter Johnson, illus., $1..'r0.~Beric the
Briton, a story of the Roman Invasion, by G. A. Henty,
illus., $1.50.—In Greek Waters, by G. A. Plenty, illus.,
$1.50.—Condemned as a Nihilist. a story of escape from Si-
beria, by G. A. l':Ienty,i1lus., $1..'»0.—The Thirsty Sword, a
story of the Norse Invasion of Scotland, by Robert Leigh-
ton, illns., $1.50. (Charles Scribner’s Sons.)
Little Arthur's History of Rome, by Hezekiah Butterworth.
illus., 81.25.-—Monica. the Mesa Maiden, by Mrs. Evelyn
Raymond, illus., $1.'.'.5.—Fa.mous types of \'omanhood,
by Sarah K. Bolton, with portraits, $1.50.——Tl're River
park Rebellion. by Homer Green, illus., $1.00.—Tonr
Ilifton, or Western Boys in Grant and Sherman's
Army, by Warren Lee Goes. illus., $1.."»0.—In Blue
Cree Canon, by Anna Chupin Ray, illus.. $1.‘.!5.—The
Cadets of Flemming Hall, by Anna Chopin Ray. illus.,
$1 .L.’"'i.—The Mother of the King's Children, by Rev. J. F.
(‘owan. illus., $1.50.—Short Studies in Botany for Chil-
dren. by Mrs. Harriet C. Cooper, illus., $l.00.—Pol1y
Buttou’s New Year, b Mrs. C. . Wilder, T-"r ct-s.-~Mixed
Pickles, b Mrs. Eve yn H. Raymond, illus., $1.25. (T.
Y. Crowel & Co.)
Along the Florida Reef, a sto of campin and fishing, by C.
F. Ilolder, illus.——In the o hood of ineoln, astor of
the Black Hawk War, by ezekiah Butterworth.— he
Battle of New York, by \'illiarn O. Stoddard, illus.—
Hernrinie's Triumphs, a story for girls and boys, by Mine.
Colomb, illus.——Englishman‘s Haven, by A. Gordon, illus.
(D. Appleton & Cu. |
Dr._Dodd’s School, a book for boys, by J. L. Ford, illus.,
$1.50.—A Fisher Girl of France, from the French, illus.,
$1.r'r0.—Witch Winnie's Studio, by Mm. Clranrpney, illus.,
$1.50.—Elsie at Viamede, by Martha Finle ', $l.%.—New
Juveniles by R. M. Ballnntyne, each 1 vol., illus., $1.00.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.|
A Rosebud Garden of Girls, by Nora Perry, illus., $1.50.
(Little, Brown 6'0 Co.)
The Girls and I, by Mrs. Molesworth, illus. by Leslie Brooke.
(Macmillan & C0.)
Heroic Happenings, told in verse and sto , by E. S. Brooks,
illus.. $2.00.——Cab and Caboose. by irk Munroe, illus.,
$1.'.!5.— Fairy Tales of India, by Joseph Jacobs, illus.,
81.75.—In Zooland, illus., 75 cts. (G. P. Putnanfs Sons.)
Verses and Ballads for Boys and Girls, by Susan Coolidge,
illus., $1.15-'>.—'l‘he Captain of the l\'ittiewink. a Cape Ann
sto for boys, b Herbert D. \'ard, illus., $1.‘_'.'r.—'l'lre
Lit e Sister of \ illifred, by Miss A. G. Plyrnpton, illus.,
>'$1.00.—Under the Water-Oaks, n southern story, by Ma-
rian Brewster, illus., $1.‘_’5.~—Tlre Story of Juliette, n
child’s romance, by Beatrice Irvashington, illus. $1.00.—
Dear, a story, by the author of “ Miss Tooseyis ission,"
$1.00. (Roberts Brothers. 1
Through the \Vihls, ndventures in Maine and New Hamp-
shire, b Co t. C. A. J. Fnrrar, illus., .$‘.’.:'r(). ~-Ellie's Visit
to Clour landland the Moon, by Fralrces Vescelius and E. J .
Austen, illus., 81.2-'r.——Zigzag Journeys on the Missiasip 1',
by Hezekiah Butterworth, illus., $1.50.-—The Knoc -
about Club in Search of Treasure, by Fred A. Ober, illus.,
81.:'>().—-Three Vassar Girls in the Holy Land. by Mrs.
Champney, illus., $1.50.-—The Boys of the Mirthfield
Academy edited by Lawrence ll. Francis, illus., .Bl.‘_’.1.——
Hildegar-de’s Horne, by Laura E. Richards, illus., $1.25.
~ Schoolboy Days in Russia, translated by Laura E. Kerr-
dall, i1lus., $1.-"'>U. (Fstes dz Lauriat.)
An Alfair of Honour. a. book for the young, illus.,-$l..'>(,I.—
Treasury of Old-Fashioned Fairy Tales, fully illus., $1..'1<l.
—Uncle Bill's Children. by He en Milman, illus., $1.11!.
—Told After Ten, :1 collection of stories, illus., $1.50. (J.
B. Lippincott Co.)
A Short I-Iistory of English Literature for Young People, by
Elizabeth S. Kirkland, $l.‘2~"r.—-Prince Tip ' op, a fairy
tale by Marguerite Bouvet, illus. by Helen Arrnstro ,
$1.2-"i.—'l‘he Children's Life of Abraham Lincoln, by Louise Putnam, illus. by Helen M. Armstronfl’. -‘.'~1.‘.'.5.——
(A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Aboveboard, a tale of adventure on the sea, by W. C. Met-
calfe, illus., -$1..'r0.——Leaders into Unknown Lands, chap-
ters of recent travels, by Arthur Montefiore illus., $1.25.
—By Sea-Shore, Wood and Moorland, b Edward Step,
illus., sr.-.>:».-Tris Little Marine and the apanese Lily, 8
book for boys, by Florence Mnrryat, illus., $1.2a'r.-—[rn-
ogen, by Mrs. Moleswortlr, $1.00.—Among the Butterflies,
n book for young collectors, by Bennett G Johns, .\I.A.,
$1.00. (Thomas \Vhittaker.)
The Green Fairy Book, edited by Andrew Lang, illus.
(Longmnns, Green 6'. Co.)
Routledge's Colored Classics, a new series for young ple,
illus. in color, per vol., $1.50.——Little Wide Awa e for
15213, edited b Mrs. Sale Barker, illus., $‘2.00.—Ka.te
Greenaway‘s A manack for 1893, printed in colors, 25 cts.
(George Routledge & Sons.)
The Coming of Father Christmas, an art 'ft book for chil-
dren, by E. F. Manning, illus., $‘.Z.00.— here Duty Lies,
a Cornish Tale, by Silas K. Hockiu . illus., $l.'.’5.—From
Toyland, new " shape " my book, il us., 35 cts.—'l‘he Life
of Our Lord for Little Children, illus., $1.50.— Murry
t\Ioments for Little Folks, by Rose E. May, illus., $1.00.
(F. \Vurne & Co.)
lehurst Towers by Emma Marshall illus., $1.50.—Fuiry
Fales in Other Lands, by Julia Goddard, illus., $1.‘.'.5.——
Field Friends and Forest Foes, by Ph llis Browne, illrrs.,
$1.00.—Four on an Island, a book for ittle ones, by L. '1‘.
Meade. illus., $1.50.-Frorn the Throttle to the l’r~esident's
Chair, a sto of railway life, by E. S. Ellis, illus., >I~'l.-'10.
-The Next- oor House, by Mrs. Molesworth. illus., $1.50.
—Oh, How Pretty! (Ah, Wie Schiin 1) 20 colored plates
illustratin children’s sports. $1.7-"r.—A Ring of Rubies.
b L. T. 4 ends, illus., $1.50.~-Stories About Birds by
Eli and E. Kirby, illus., $1.7-"r.—Livin a es From Many
A , by Mary Ieild, illus., $l.00.— ot anted, or the
\ reck of the Providence. by Eliza F. Pollard, illus.,
$1.-"'>0.—Rohin’s Ride, a story for children. by Ellinor D.
Adams. illus. $1.‘.1."r.— Rovings of a Restless Boy, by
Katharine B. Fm, mu... $1 -Tr... chard»...-rs Library,
a choice collection of stories and tales, in 12 vols., illus.,
per vol., 75 cts. (Cassell Publishing Co.)
Baron Trump's Marvellous Underground Journey, by Inger
soll Lockwood illus., $2.00. —Fighting for the Right, by
Oliver Optic, illus., $1.-'r0.—A I oung Knight Errant by
Oliver Optic. illus. $13.!-'r.—The Adventures of Toby Traf-
ford, by J. T. Trowbrirlge, illus., $1.25.-~—A new story for
'irls by Effie \V. Merrirnun.——The Young Dodge Club, by
journos De Mille, in 2 vols., illus., per vol., $1.25. (Lee &
Shepard.)
Marcy the Refugee, by Hurry Cast-lemon, illus.. $1.25. ——D'g-
ging for Gold, b Horatio Alger, Jr., illus., $1.25.-(lrr
the Trail of the l\ oose, by E. Ellis, illus., $1.25.
ter & Coates.)
\
(Por-


1-‘J6
[Sc-pt. 16,
TII E DIAL
Looking (grit on Life, by Rev. F. E. Clark, T5 cts.—Five
Litte eppers _Growii Up, by Ma t Sidney, illus.,
$1.."i0.—'l' ie Pot of Gold, by Mai-y ‘. Wilkins $1.50.—
The l)own Em Master’s rim School, by EdWfl.l'\‘l A.
Rand, $l.25.—Gulf and Glacier, by Willis Bo d Allen,
$l.ll).—Fi re Drawing for Children, by Caro ine Hunt
Rinimer, l.00.—Down in Dixie, by Stanton P. Allen,
$‘.!.‘.'-'1. (I). Lothrop Co.)
The Talking Clocl-(,“bry Miss H. M. Bennett illus in color,
o
$‘.2.00.-~(rraiiny’s nderful Chair, and Its Tales of Fairy
T ime, b Frances Browne, illus. in color, $2.lK).— Once
Upon It ' ime, an illustrated story book, $l.50.—The Story
of a Short Life. b Juliana Hoi-atia Ewin , illus, $1.50.-
A New Book of t re Fairies, by Beatrice arraden, illus.,
$2.00.-—God is Love, Bible Stories, illus in color, $2.00.—
Fur (‘outs and Feather Frocks. 24 colored pictures with
descriptive text, $1.50. ——Our Little Men and Maidens,
children in fancy costumes, with verses, $1.50. IE. P.
Dutton & Co.)
Jacks and Jills, by E. M. Chsttle, illus. in color by Helen
Jackson, $'.’.00.—— Story U on Story, and Every “lord
True, by well-known ant ors, illus. in color, $‘.’..00.——
Flowers I Bring iuid Songs I Sin , designs in color, with
L)06lllB $2.00.-—-Listen Long and isten Well new stories
y Helen M. Burnside and others, illus. by Maud Good-
man, Pauline Sunter, and others, $').00.——Arabian Nights,
I5 of the best tales arranged for the oung by Helen M.
Burnside, illus. in color, $2.00.-—As ' old by the Butter-
fly, stories in verse by Mary Kenna:-d, illus. in color,
$‘_'.00.—Wliat Real] Ha pened new stories by Mrs.
Meade and others, il us., 1.50.—‘\Ve’ve Tales to Tell, a
series of tales, by E. Nesbit and others, illus., $l.00.—The
Sto of Columbus, told in eas verse, b Ida S. Taylor
and artha C. Oliver, 75 cts. (II. Tuck cg Sons Co.)
The Little Doctor, or the Magic of Nature, by Darley Dale,
illus., $1.25.-—Christiana, by H. L. Taylor, illus., $1.25.-
The Man with the Pan-Pi , by Mrs. Molesworth, illus.
in color, $l.00.——Bom to C‘:)e:ll'llBll(l, a tale of the sea, by
Gordon Stables, $‘.l.00.——Anotlier Man's Burden, by Austin
Clare, SI.-'»0.—Sa.iling and Sealing, b Frankfort Moore,
$l.50.~Honor Pentreath, by Mrs. Clarke, $1.‘...."‘i.—
Jack’s Little Girls, by Miss A. F. Jackson, $l.‘Z5¢—The
Church and the Kin , a tale of England in the Days of
llenry VIll., b Eve yn Everett-Green, $1.75.—The Iron
Chain and the olden, by A. L. O. E, $1.00. IE. & J. B.
Youn & Co.)
Winnie ' rovers, by Anna Lisle, illus., $2.0U.—Self and Self-
Sscrifice, by Anna Lisle, illus., $2.00.—The Cruise of the
Crystal Boat, b Gordon Stables. illus., $2.00.—Doi-othy
Darling, by aut or of “Prince Dim le," illus., $1.25.-
Ca tain of the Cadets, b Henry Fprith, illus.. $1.00.-
Rollica Reed by Eliza err, illus., $1.00.—The Little
(Xilorists, by Theo. Gift, illus., $1.00.——The Young Gover-
ness, u story for girls, illus., $1.00.—Tarbucket and Pipe-
Clay, by Major Groves, illus.. 81.00. (James Pott & Co. )
Little \Vays and Great Plays. illus. in color. $l.50.~Worth-
ington’s Annual for 1893, illus., $2..-'iO.—Gur Boys in Ire-
land, by Hurry \'. French, illus., $2.-'>0.—Msgic illustra-
ted an explained, by Arthur Good. $‘.!.00.—For Baby
and Me. o new �atei~color juvenile, $l.00.—Bits of Prom-
inent People, or Transfomiation Character Portraits,
colore<l plates, T5 cts. (Worthington Co.)

tr. by Cora H. Bell, '3 vols., with etchings by Lalaum,
$l0.00.—Prince Serebryani, a novel, by Count Alexis
Tolstoi, tr. by Jeremiah Curtin, $1.50. -—Sherbui'ne
House, a novel, by Amanda M. Douglas, $1.-"i0.—A Scam-
per Through S ain and Algier, by Ms. ret Thomas,
illus., $3.0U.— e Dramatic Fasays of harles Lamb,
edited by Brander Matthews, illus. in phot viire, 5$‘.'.00.
—-Fassys in Literary Inte retation, by I. W. Msbic.
$l.2.">.—Eighteeuth Century ignettes, by Austin llobson,
illus., $2.00.——The Cloister and the Hearth, by (‘-harlcs
Reade, -l vols., illus. in photogravure, $7.00.—-Aliuost
Fourteen, ii book for parents and for ouiig people ap-
roaching maturity, b Mortimer A. arren, $l.lII.--
'ew vols. in "The ll akers of America” series include
John Hughes by Henry A. Brann, Robert Morris by Prof.
\V. G. Sumner, Jean Baptiste Lemoine by Grace King,
Bishop W'illism White by Rev. J. H. Ward, each $11!):-
New vols. in “ The Portia Series " include The Unmarried
Woman. b Eliza Chester, $1.00. and Beaut of Form and
Grace of Westure, by Frances M. Steele an Elizabeth L.
S. Adams, illus., $1.75.--The Poems of Gioeue Carducci,
tr. by Frank Sewell, $1.50.--'I‘l� Universal Atlas, $5i.lI|.
Harper & Brother: A Short History of the English People,
by J. R. Green, illustrated edition, edited by Mrs. Green,
—Tlie West from a Csr-window. by Richard H. Davis,
illus.—-Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, Browning, b Anne
Thackers Ritchie, illus., $‘.!.00.—Moltke’s Life an Char-
acter, tr. y Mary Herms, illus.—Histoi§ of the United
States from 1850 to 1860, by James Ford hodes. 2 vol.~i.——
A Short Histoifi of the Christian Church, by J . F. Hurst.
—Along New ngland Roads, by “'illia.m C. Priine.— A
Tour Around New York, being the recreations of Mr.
Felix Oldboy, by John Flavel Mines, illus.—The Desire of
Beauty, b Theodore Child.-— An Earthl Paragon, n
novel, by va Wilder McGlasson, illus.— ans Field, n
novel, by Ms. E. \Vilkins. illus.—-The \'orld of Chance.
a novel, b D. Howells.—America.nisms and Briti-
cisms, wit other essays on other Isms, by Brsnder
Matthews. $1.00. '
Macmillan & Co.: The liiiis of Court, by Rev. W. J. Loftie,
illus. hy Railton.fiStudies in Modern Music, by \V. H.
Hadow, with portrait.s.——G0thic Architecture, by E. Cor-
royer, edited by \Va.lter Arnistroug, illus.—St.ories from
the Greek Comedians, by Rev. A. J. Church, illus. in
color.—Csnterbury Towers, in the Da of Archbishop
Tillotson, by Mrs. Marshall, illus.—T e Great World‘s
Farm, or How Nature Grows Her Crops. b Selina Gage,
illus.—St. Dunstan’s Clock, a story, by E. Vsrd, illus.—
Tlhe Seige of Norwich Castle, a story, by M. M. Blake,
i us.
Charles Scribner’s Sons: American Illustrators, by F. Hop-
kinson Smith, limited edition, with l."i plates in color and
near] 100 illustrations, $10.00.—Fi~ench Art, an essay,
by . C. Brownell.—The Children of the Poor, by Jacob
A. Riis, illus.—Pa.wnee Hero Stories and Folk Tales, by
George Bird Grinuell i1liis.—The Star of the Atlantic
Telegraph, by Henry Field, D.D., il us.—The Battles
of Frederick the Great, from Carl le's biograghy of Fred-
erick, edited by Cyril Ransonie, il us.—The am sign of
Waterloo, b John C. Ropes.—South Sea Idyllh, short
stories and s etches, by Charles Warren Stoddard, $1.50.
-—Unrler the Evening Lamp, essays by Richard Henry
The Roundabout Books, a series of books of travel and ad- Sl~°dd1"'d-
venture, for boys and girls, in 10 vols., profusely illus.,
per vol., $1.25. lCliarles E. Brown & Co. i
New popular edition of Mark Twain‘s The Prince and the
Pauper, illus., $1.00. IC. L. Webster & Co.)
The Bunny Stories, by John H. Jewett, illus., $1.T5.—Maud
Huinphrey’s Book of Fairy Tales, illus. in color, $2.50.
(F. A. Stokes Co.)
The Beautiful Land of Nod poems. songs, etc., bv Ella
\ heeler lvilcox, illus. by Louise Mears, $1.-'10. (Morrill,
Higgins & Co. |
LIST OF NI'I\' .B()()l\'.~'-
[The following list, embracing 47 titles, includes all buo/rs
received by THE l)lAL since lust i'.<sue.]
H I S TOR Y.
History of the New World called America. By Ed\_vnrd
ADDITIONAL ANNOUNCEMl£l\'TS. John Payne \'0l- 1- 1‘-"H0. Pl>- '30-". lllwflh lilwllllllflll
Dodd Mead & c .= The Cl ..' 1 r B n' . 1. K’ C°- 5“-‘“ . . , ..
A,;tho,,y Tmlloge, --Cathe(|l,.!:] lgdigiolii 1a;;rs€.:]:.m,1],,8’: America: Its Geographical History. HEY.’ 15572. Six lectures
in phomgm‘.um’ $w_._,_,-,__Sheridun»s The School for by “alter Scmfe, Ph.D. \ith inaps, Svo, pp. llil.
Scandal, illus. by Gregory I5 plates in color|, $:l.5().—~My J°h"9 H°Pk"\5 Pl‘§"- $1--"L _
Uncle and My Curé. tr. from the French of Jean de la T59 R159 °f the SWIBB 1_?'9D11b1i°1_ A uIBi0".V- By \V- D-
Brete by Ernest Redwood, illus., $‘.’.-"i0.—Treasure Book M¢‘Cl_‘B¢!""l, M-A- W"-ll IK>l‘m\"~. 3"". 1>P- 413- AIYIRI
of Consolstioii, compiled by Benjamin Orme, $l.50.— Plll1llBl""iZ C0- $33.00, V
Samantha on the Rare Problem, by Marietta Holle , illus. England and its Rulers, being ii Coin-ise Com endiuin of
by Kemhle. 8‘.!.54).—l.ife and Adventures of Peg “ ofiing- the History of England and its People. By l . Pomeroy
ton, by J. Fit erald Mullo , ‘.’ vols., with rti-aits and Brewster and George H. HlllIl])lll?)'- 1'.Z|no, pp. 313.
prints, $3.-">().— - enioirs of ladame de Staa -de Launay, S. C. Griggs & C0. $1.50.


1892.]
197
TIIE DIAL
FICTION.
Diana: The History of a Great Mistake. By Mrs. Oli hant,
author of “Harry Joscelyn." l‘.’mo, pp. 300. nited
‘States Book Co. $1.25.
A Mad Tour. By Mrs. J. H. Riddell, author of “ Princess
Sunshine." 1‘.'mo, pp.334. United States Book Co. $1.?-'3.
Wedded to Sport. By Mrs. Edward Kennard, author of
“Matron or Maid?” 1‘2mo, pp. National Book
Co. $1.25.
Berris. By Katherine S. uoid, author of “Elizabeth
Morley.” ifimo, pp. 280. 1 ational Book Co. $1.25.
Calmire. Second edition, revised. 8vo, pp. 600. Macmillan
& Co. $1.50.
Vanitss: Polite Stories. By Vernon Lee, author of “ Haunt-
ings." 16m0, pp. 270. Lovell, Coryell & Co. $1.00.
Army Tales: Bootle’s Baby, The Siege Baby, etc. B John
Strange Winter. Illus., 12mo. Lovell, Coryell & $1.
People at Pisgah. By Edwin W. Sanborn. llimo, pp. 185.
D. Appleton & Co. 50 cts.
The Last Tenet Im d upon the Khan of Tomathoz. By
1ludorGenone. us., 12mo, pp. 165. C. H. Kerr & Co.
Paper, 50 cts.
NEW VOLU.‘t1l'ZS 1X THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Harm:-'s Franklin Square Library: Charming to Her
test Day, by Alan Muir, 50 cts.
Applet.ons' Town and Country Library: Cross Currents,
by Mary Angela Dickens, 50 cts.
Casse1l's Sunshine Series: The Swan of Vilmnor-ts, by
Emilio Pardo liazain, tr. b Mary J. Serrano; The Child
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198
2.
THE DIAL
[Sept. 16, 189
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application. .4 II mnnrn11||'4-ntiomr almulll lw rulrlrearnl tn
THE DIAL, .'\'0- 2-I .-lrlum.-I Slrrrl, (Jhicuyu.
N.>.151. OCTOBER 1, 1892. Vol. XIII.
CONTENTS. Y
PAD! AMERICAN PERIODICALS . 203
CHICAGO’S HIGHER EVOLUTION . 205 I
OPENING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ‘.206

COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 206
“ ¥Vho Reads a Chicago Book? ” Stanley V/aterloo.
BALLAD OF BOOKS UNBORN I Poem). F. F. B. 207 1
A GERMAN EXPLORER IN CENTRAL AFRICA.
E. G. J . . . 208
MEANING AND USE OF DECORATIVE ART.
Sara. A. Ifubbard . . 212
THE “PLATFORM” IN ENGLAND. lVoodrou~
Wilson . ‘ . 213 }
FREEMAN’S UNFINISHED HISTORY OF SICILY. i
F. W. Kala?" 21-I
CONVERSATIONS WITH THE SIMIANS. Joseph
Jastrow 215 ‘
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 216
An American canoeist down the Danube.~Glimpses ,
of court life in Russia and England.»-An economic
study of the French peasant-proprietor.*A readable
and useful book about Samoa.—Preliminary studies
in Philosophy.—An authoritative volume of Peru-
vian history.~A useful compend of facts about crime
and criminals.—A serviceable manual for the book-
collect0r.—Fifteen hundred years of English history.
—~Some attractive biographies of famous w0men.—
Studies in the early history of Maryland.-—An aid to
the study of the University Extension movement.
BRIEFER MENTION . 219
LITERARY NOTES AND 1~:1-zws . . 220 TOPICS IN ocroman PERIODICALS . 221 LIST or NEW BOOKS . . 221 \
AZIIERICAN PERIO DICALS.
The reading public of this country, more perhaps
than that of any other, derives its intellectual sus-
tenance from periodical publications, daily, weekly,
and monthly. In response to the demand thus cre-

‘ ated, our newspaper and magazine press ha.s been
developed to an extent unparallclled in any other
country, with the possible exception of England.
and the fertility of invention, adaptive ingenuity.
and wide range of the editors of our periodicals.
are matters of constant surprise to the intelligent
observer. But this astonishing development is far
from satisfactory in its general results. and no
serious person can fail to notice a lack of dignity
in the productions of our ephemeral press, or to real-
‘ ize the degradation of standard and of aim that is
‘ the necessary-consequence of the prevalent attitude
assumed by these publications in their relations with
their constituencies. Their defects are mostly re-
ii ducible to a single statement: they follow where it
should be their ofiice to lead. Instead of guiding
public opinion, they submit to its dictates; they
wait to see in which way the cat will jump. and
then jump after it, instead of intelligently shaping
their own course, and patiently waiting for the out-
come to justify it. All this, of course, is still further
reducible to a mode of action of the commercial
spirit, and the radix wullorum of the Apostle is
assuredly the real root of this evil.
Considerable attention has recently been called
to an article on American newspapers, published in
an English review. While the writer of that arti-
cle was in some respects deficient in knowledge of
his subject, he based his conclusions upon a wide
range of observations, and the severity of his judg-
ments was hardly more than just. The American
newspaper has its points of excellence, but. as a
i whole, is not an institution which we can regard
with pride, or hold up as a model in many respects
worthy of imitation. It is not, however, our })I‘€.~'-
ent purpose to consider the newspaper press, which
illustrates the extreme form of the evil in question.
but to say afew words in cllaractel-ization of our
magazines and reviews. Here, fortunately, a con-
siderable proportion of praise may be mingled with
the censure. and the outlook has little of the hope-
lessness with which the prospect of the American
newspaper must at present be viewed.
\Vhen we take a general‘ survey of the American
monthlies, the most noticeable fact is the absence
; of any review for a moment comparable with either
of the three great English monthlies. \Ve have
never had anything fully equal to them, although n
standard not greatly inferior was maintained by the


204
[()ct. 1,
THE DIAL

“ North American ” in the days when that review
stood for culture and scorned to be sensational at
the cost of dignity. The “ New Princeton." also,
during its brief career, maintained a standard not
unlike that of the English reviews. But now, we
have nothing at all of the sort. The " Forum ” is
not without a. certain dignity, but its articles are
too brief to allow serious discussion, and political
subjects so predominate as to make of it a special
rather than a general review. As for the ~‘ North
American” and the " Arena," they are so given
over to sensationalism, and so ready to sacrifice
their higher interests to the notoriety of a name,
that their mention in connection with the “Nine-
teenth Century," the '~ Fortnightly,” and the " Con-
temporary," can only provoke a smile. It is an ob-
who is desirous of keeping abreast of modern
thought and culture must do so mainly by means of
the English monthlies and the French '- Revue des
Deux Mondes.” To put an end to this state of
things. three factors must cooperate: initiative en-
terprise. an educated public, and a trained body of
writers. To say that any one of these factors is
lacking in our country to-day is to make a state-
ment utterly unwarranted by familiar facts.
Between the review proper and the magazine,
the “Atlantic ” occupies a place by itself, and
stands more distinctly for culture than any other
American monthly. Its lighter features are char-
acterized by taste and its serious features by both
taste and scholarship. During its entire existence
it has not derogated from a high ideal. and it
has a reward beside which pecuniary profit seems
trivial. The illustrated magazines —" Harper-’s,"
“Scribner-’s," and the " Century "- are, on the
whole. admirable productions, although they have
-- the defects of their qualities." In point of illus-
tration. they have no superiors anywhere, but much
of their text appears to exist only for the sake of
the pictures that go with it, and this is unfortunate,
for the literary standpoint is, after all, the one from
which a magazine must be viewed. Again, the
large constituency to which they appeal almost
forces their contents into the mould of mediocrity;
they are hound to be conservative; they must
eschew everything startling, or even disquieting,
although few subjects can be treated seriously with-
out fluttering some dove-cotes. These conditions
result in a sort of bric-a-brac collection of matter,
diverting enough, but from which the virile ele-
ments of culture are mostly excluded. The maga-
zines are so good in some respects that we almost
forget how unsatisfactory they are in others.
It is not, perhaps. surprising that nearly all of
our first-class magazines should have been pro-
duced in New York and Boston. The Pacific
coast has, in the “ Overland" and the new -‘ Cali-
fornian," two excellent periodicals, and Chicago
once had for a few years, in the " Lakeside Month-
ly," a magazine of the highest character.

with these exceptions the extreme East supplies,
and always has supplied, the entire country with its
magazine literature. It is, however, a little sur-
prising that the Eastern magazines should so long
have exemplified the provincial spirit. Until about
twenty years ago they rarely took cognizance of
the existence of any country or population west of
the Alleghanies. That they have so greatly wid-
ened their horizon of late years, is a ver_v encour-
aging indication of progress, and the \Ve-t and
South of the present are less in need of publica-
tions of this sort than they were a few years ago.
Still. there will be always a place for a magazine
largely devoted to sectional interests; such a place
as is now filled by the two California magazines,
; and by the admirable “ New England" magazine.
vious and stubborn fact that an American reader “
With regard to its reviews having charge of spe-
cial intellectual interests, our country has good rea-
son for complacency. Many of these organs leave
nothing to be desired in point of dignity or scholar-
ship. How well THE DIAL has represented the in-
terests of literature is sufiiciently known to its
readers. Economic and political science are worth-
ily represented by the “ Quarterly Journal of Eco-
nomics " and the " Political Science Quarterly,"
emanating, respectively, from Harvard and Colum-
bia universities. A similar review is now announced
by the University of Chicago. In fact, the quar-
terly review, whose day as an organ of general cul-
ture is over, appears to have found its true func-
tion in representing the interests of special scholar-
ship. Advanced philosophy now has the quarterly
" Monist " for its organ, while conservative and
scholastic philosophy is represented by the bi-monthly
"Philosophical Review." The interests of educa-
tion, in the broadest sense, are looked after by the
*~ Educational Review "; those of conservative the-
ology by the " Andover,” and those of progressive
theology by “ The New World." Philology has
the “ American Journal of Philology " and ~~ Mod-
ern Language Notes," both issued from the Johns
Hopkins University. The -‘ International Journal
of Ethics” discusses its special theme with force
and dignity. Most of the natural sciences are ade-
quately represented by special organs, while the
" Popular Science Monthly " does a useful work in
offering to the general reader the more important
results of scientific research.
It is a fact of considerable significance that our
organs of special scholarship come to us mostly
from the universities, and the influence that these
institutions exert through their publishing depart-
ments is a subject to which T11!-: DIAL will devote
a separate article. \Ve also expect to publish at in-
tervals a series of articles devoted to particular
periodicals: their history, their function, and the ex-
tent to which they accomplish their purpose. Peri-
odical literature, as a whole, exerts so great an in-
fluence, and enters so largely into our culture. that
it demands a considerable share of the attention of
But I any review having charge of literary interests.


11292.]
205
THE DIAL
CHICAGO’S HIGHER EVOLUTION.
A recent number of the London “ Times " con-
tained an editorial on Chicago which is noteworthy
in several respects. not the least being its freedom
from that tone of patronage and prejudice which
we are accustomed to look for in English com-
ment on American affairs. After brief allusion to
the grand scale on which the coming \Vorld’s Fair
promises to be conducted, the article suggests that
" it is impossible for its managers, with all their
zeal, to provide for their guests any assemblage of
sights and curiosities approaching in wonder the
city of Chicago itself.” The writer then, with the
British Consular Trade Report for his mentor. dwells
at length upon the remarkable material growth of the
city in words that do full justice to that aspect of
its life and activity. Concluding» he says:
“Chicago is an astonishing phenomenon, which yet
does not satisfy the mind. Its inhabitants make money
freely, and they spend it with fair discretion. As we
have said, they are eorporately bountiful to education
for the benefit of the masses. They read books eagerly.
They are muuificent in their support of charitable in-
stitutions. They have their picture-galleries, churches,
museums. They attend theatres and concerts. Indi-
vidually, they regulate their lives about as judiciously
and sagely as other townsmcu individually regulate
theirs. It may be contended that nobody has a right
to expect more of them. Ne\'ertlieless, something be-
sides will be expected. An aggregate of more than a
million of beings, owning enormous wealth, and deter-
mined to render itself and its influence felt, ought to
develope moral, spiritual, and intellectual character-
istics of a sort to enrich the treasury of l|u|nan endow-
ments. Catalogues of square miles yearly added to the

streets, of fresh parks and boulevards, of the mnltipli- I
cation of revenue by scores of millions sterling, and of
heads by lnmdreds of thousands, need to be sweetened
by a sense that life is simultaneously being embellished
and refined.”
It is not diflicult for the student of sociology,
even in Chicago, to grant that the city has as yet
done but little, comparatively speaking, " to enrich
the treasury of human endowments ” or to " em-
bellish and refine life.” There is little practical
importance in merely observing so obvious a fact.
But there is great practical importance in giving
the factits true significance and interpretation. Are
we to criticise and condemn the past. or rather to
examine and seek to explain an inevitable social
phenomenon? We think the latter; and we speak
with the more frankness because the new departure
made by THE DIAL indicates that we think the
parting of the ways is reached. and that a life of
higher ideals is in our near future. Let us. then,
as we look back upon a period which we believe is
rapidly closing, glance briefly at some of the rea-
sons why Chicago has hitherto been unable to make
her life beautiful as well as prosperous. noble as
well as magnificent, cultured as well as affluent.
Herbert Spencer has shown that the process of
evolution is characteristic of communities as of

physical and biological phenomena. Chicago has
grown from the sprawling board-and-shingle West-
ern town which we saw rebuilt after the historic
fire, into an almost compact and very substantial
city that is cosmopolitan in its material features,
and yet-—despite Mrs. Van Rensselaer’s criticism
—characteristic in its architecture, whether that
be formless or an olla podrida. From a vast
manufacturing and storage agency for a few lead-
ing products, it has become the seat of the most di-
versified industries gathered at any centre on the
continent. From a frontier settlement. whose only
railroad forty years ago led into the back country,
it has become the central ganglion of a national
system of communication. Within thirty years it
has risen out of an alluvial fiat to a substantial foot-
ing along the lines of eight hundred miles of paved
and drained streets. Along with this increasing
integration and concentration of the material city,
leading to a vastly more complex and diversified
condition. has gone a parallel conversion of indi-
vidual into collective and corporate activity, and
a consequent diversification of social function united
to a centralization of social energy. Stock com-
panies are taking the place of ordinary business
partnerships; a few systems of local communica-
tion have blended together the enlarged areas of
the city; “ belt " lines have brought all the vast
transport business which radiates hence to a com-
mon centre; a fire-prevention organization which
is the admiration of .the world has gathered under
one control all the local agencies of a generation
ago. In the process of absorbing a large portion of
the circumjacent county, the diseases to which an
abnormal growth is liable have not been absent:
yet, even with this incidental evil. the integration
of municipal local centres has produced police, san-
itary, school, and even library organizations, which
are marvellous in their centralized precision.
Shall we pass on further, and look for manifes-
tations of a corresponding evolution in the spheres
of intellectual, moral. and artistic life? Let us not
be misled by a false analogy. The child is father
of the man only with a large qualification. \Ve
look with satisfaction on the growing youth, in
whose daily development the physical largely pre-
dominates; for we know that his proper physical
culture will lay the foundations for a higher and
more spiritual life in maturer years, through the
formation of healthy tissue and hard muscles and
perfected systems of digestion and circulation and
respiration. Chicago has put all the energy of this
half-century of her adolescence into the develop-
ment of a material body which is magnificent in its
functional structure and health, and unique in the
history of the world for so young a community.
All the laws of healthy growth would have been
violated had she developed her intellectual life
along parallel lilies. The sickly and puny child,
stunted by premature mental growth, is even a less
frequent phenomenon in communal than in indi-


206
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL

vidual life. We do not need evolution to tell us
that the higher powers unfold later in all normal
life — national and municipal as well as individual.
Chicago has done her duty by herself according to
the laws of her being; and for her past there is no
censure as no recall. But already the signs a.re clear
that the season of mere physical life is over, and
that the life of the soul calls for exercise and nour-
ishment. As the demand so is the supply, is an
old economic truth. The Art Institute, the New-
berry and Crerar and Public libraries, the World’s
Fair Auxiliary, the Historical Society’s enlarging
quarters, the fact of the new Chicago University and
the rejuvenescence of others near by,— all indicate
that the city is passing to a higher and maturer
stage of civic existence. The reconstitution, only a
few days ago, of the Chicago Society for University
Extension as the Joint University Board for the
Northwest, bringing as it does to a centre of or-
ganization in Chicago nearly a dozen colleges within
a distance of two hundred and fifty miles from the
city, is the most recent sign of progress. Centres
of social activity are thus forming, in which artists
and scholars and educators will gather, at which
ideas and ideals will prevail, and which, as an in-
formal “Academy,” will set standards that shall
mitigate and transform the grossness of our hither-
to material life. Our universities will gradually out-
grow their autocratic and mercantile organizations,
and faculties of instructors will be conceded to be
the best qualified persons to shape policies and
courses of instruction ; while the leading questions
will no longer be, how many students are enrolled,
but what is their quality. A higher standard than
now prevails will control our best society; life in
Chicago will become an enricher of the treasury of
human endowments, and slowly but surely a. class
will emerge through whose influence and example
“ the diversion to mental pursuits.” in the words of
the London "Times." “of a percentage of the ex-
uberant and almost heroic energy which turned
the conflagration of twenty-one years back into
a blessing, will result in the addition to the
world’s intellectual types of one as peculiar as is in
the sphere of affairs the present Chicago financier.”
OPENING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
CHICAGO.
The day upon which this number of THE DIAL is
published is also the day upon which the University
of Chicago begins its routine work. The trustees, act-
ing upon the advice of President Harper, have wisely
decided to open the institution without any flourish of
trumpets, and to set soberly to work upon the first day
just as if the university had been in existence for a
hundred years. This is a highly sensible mode of pro-
ceeding, although much good-will is needed to maintain
the pleasing fiction of antiquity. Witli buildings in all
stages of erection rising about the campus, and with an
army of workmen engaged upon them, students and


spectators can hardly escape the impression of novelty,
and we fear that the surroundings will not be exactly
conducive to scholastic calm. In point of material
equipment, the university has certainly accomplished
wonders already, and it has eked out its shortcomings
in this respect by renting for temporary use several
buildings in the neighborhood. The facts of its intel-
lectual equipment have been published far and wide,
and constitute a. monument to the executive activity of
President Harper. A corps of about seventy-five instruc-
tors of all grades is at work, and nearly three hundred
students have matriculated. Beginning with this first
day of October, lectures and recitations will go on, we
trust, uninterruptedly. At least, nothing that could be
done to smoothe away the difficulties attendant upon
such an outset has been neglected. It is, of course,
impossible to predict with any certainty the success of
the several novel departures involved in the University
scheme of organization. That scheme is made the sub-
ject of an elaborate analysis in the New York “Na-
tion” of September 22, and at least two weak points
are indicated. The system of major courses, as out-
lined in the University announcements, is likely to re-
sult in something dangerously like cramming; and the
power of president and trustees, as compared with that
of the faculty, is undoubtedly too great. This latter
defect the University of Chicago shares with many
other American institutions of the sort, and the im-
portant fact that the faculty is the university has not
yet taken possession of our educational coiiscioiisiiess.
C OMM UNI CA TIONS.
“ WHO READS A CHICAGO BOOK?”
(To the Editor of Tun Dun.)
In a recent issue of TH!-I DIAL appeared a communi-
cation under the above caption, and accompanying com-
ment was made to the effect that the Chicago public did
not read Chicago books. The matter is of present de-
cided interest.
Certain Chicago books chance to have been widely
read in the city of their birth, but they are the excep-
tions. The general proposition advanced may stand as
good. Where does the fault or the weakness lie ?
The means by which a reader in Chicago, as in Bos-
ton or New York, learns that a new book has appeared,
and what is its quality, can be specified with ease. His
or her information comes through the literary columns
of the daily newspapers, through the usually “syndi-
cated” lctters in the same journals, through another
class of publications of which THE DIAL may be quoted
as most prominent, and through the direct efforts of the
publishers. These factors exist. lvhat is the value of
their influence ‘I \Vhat are the chances of n creditable
Chicago book becoming known ? Let us take the far-
tors separately.
The book-review columns of several Chicago news-
papers have not kept pace in development with other
features of the same great dailies. Other departments
have felt the pulse of things, have grown and broad-
ened with the enormous progress of the city and the
region, with the expansion of ways and means of
thought. The literary departments were petrified, ap-
parently, some time ago. The reviewers—there are
one or two brilliant exceptions, and their capable and
discriminating work is telling— live in a small world all


1892.]
DIAL 201
THE

their own, and have as much idea of the trend of the
big, new, thinking life about them as of the geology of
the Dog Star. Their work is distinctly and imitative-
l_v Eastern, without the Eastern excuse for being. The
East is good, but it is the East. VVe are of the West,
and are not a dependeucy,—-something which these few
reviewers fail to comprehend. They consider with awe
the work of the clever Eastern writer, and are adula-
tory of the occasional shrewd expluiter who may come
here from the coast, deliver a mild lecture or two, and
preach some attenuated exaltation of an alleged princi-
ple of work. Failing such a Joss, their eyes still turn
from Nazareth toward Jerusalem, and they are self-
delightedly ponderous with reviews of some republished
foreign " memoirs,” or wade, as they think, deeply into
someone’s vague philosophy. They are a mutual ad-
miration society, proposing to “ elevate ” the standard.
They are sorry for the Philistines, and it never occurs
to them that others may hold different ideas as to
Philistia’s actual boundaries. They do not realize that
they are in a new land, and that, were they fully grown,
they would be among its fighting men. They are droll;
but happily, as has been said, they do not include all
the reviewers in their ranks. Neither are they all on
the daily newspapers. I have seen a novel, written and
published here a year or two ago, lie unread upon the
table of one of those non-comprehending literary citi-
zens, and passed unnoticed, although its sales have since
amounted to nearly 80,000. I have seen a dictionary
brought out here_1-epreseuting, it is true, mere learn-
ing and hard work,— pass with a casual mention, though
the critical journals of the East thought it worthy of
pages of consideration. I give these as easy illustra-
tions.
No “syndicated ” literary letters issue from Chicago.
Such letters are published in Chicago newspapers, but
they are of Eastern origin. Naturally enough, the writers
tell only of what Eastern literary men are doing. The
Chicago Sunday newspaper reader sees and is im-
pressed; but the Sunday newspaper reader of Boston
or New York is affected by no similar enthusiastic
letter from Chicago. There is material for such a
letter, too.
As to the publishers, some of the younger among
them have, like the smaller critics, worshipped afar and
paid good prices for Eastern works unsalable at home;
but they have been exceptions, and their pockets have
paid the penalty. The weakness of the average house
is but its youth. A single conservative firm perhaps
excepted, it may be said that Chicago publishers lack
many requisite connections throughout the country, and
are yet incapable of aiding their writers as are the pub-
lishers of the East. There are new houses which are
strong and growing stronger. There are others which
should fail and will. Unfortunately, any man who can
print another’s book, or purchase old plates for a song
and flood the market with trash of any sort, may call
himself a publisher. lint the chaff will sift.
Is the outlook good ? I think so. There is a Chi-
cago literature and a Vvestern literature, limited as yet,
but virile and independent. Books born here and un-
noticed here have attracted attention in almost every
leading journal elsewhere, from Boston to San Fran-
cisco. The efl'eet will come to Chicago with the
ebb-tide. There will be changes in the literary de-
partments of some of the daily newspapers, because
a law of trade, of fairness, and of common-sense de-
mands it. Publishers already prospering will become

more enterprising and aggressive. The movement is
perceptible.
There is a great ‘Vest, with its great life and its great
themes and colorings. Those who have shorn away
forests, and built railroads and huge cities, have had
their hopes, their aims, their consciences, their passions,
their temptations, and their loves; and the story of them
is worth the telling. It is a new story, and its relation
has just begun. There is nothing reflected or imita-
tive about it. It may be sometimes crude, but it is in-
teresting. So crude but interesting were the Norse-
m_eu's Sagas. So the force of the ragged-versed Whit-
man is felt in its reckless uaturalness. In this new
story is the swing of manhood. It will not be told in
the soft, trig sentences of some distant essayist or labor-
ing sonnet-writer, but in a style adapted to the pros-
pect and the theme; and the relators will be of those
born to the purple‘ of the region. Here, in Chicago,
the dominant inland city of the continent, is develop-
iug a literary centre. Already the answer to the ques-
tion “ Who reads a Chicago book ? ” is, “ Thousands of
people outside of Chicago." With broader views and
less attempted dilettanteism of the accepted type, with
more perception and more home pride among the licensed
commentators,--TH!-: DIAL should show the way,-this
new product would perhaps be sooner recognized. But
it will be recognized anyhow.
And all this may be thought rude and captions and
assuming. It is, at least, a deduction from existent
f*wi-B- STANLEY W.u'saLoo.
Chicago, September 30, 1892.
BALLAD OF BOOKS UNBORN.
Sad is the fate of him whose books
Unkind reviewers maim and kill;
Whose heartstrings quiver in the hooks
That show their cold dissecting skill:
They work on him their wanton will,
While all his tenderest hopes are torn; —
But ah, there’s something sadder still
In thinking of the books unborn!

The wounded author may find nooks
Secluded, by some vale or rill,
VVhere nevermore the critic rooks
Can rend him with their inky bill;
But oh, what solace for the ill
Of hope deferred that waits forlorn
To feel the parent raptures thrill
Of books that yet remain unborn l
The would-be author, whose fond looks
Turn ever to Fame's sunlit hill,
Chafes at defeat, and sorely brooks
The fate that makes his triumphs nil.
He loathes the phrase, politely chill,
" Declined with thanks.” So let him mourn,
\Vhose bosom disappointments fill
For books that never may be born.
L’ Envai.
Princes (who publish books), distill
Some drops of pity, not of scorn,
For those poor toilers of the quill
Whose books are waiting to be born !
F. F. B.


208
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
_........._._..______.-.___.-__..
THE New BOOKS.’
A GERMAN EXPLORER uv CE.\"rnA1.
Armc.-x.*
A melancholy interest attaches to the third
volume of Dr. Wilhelm J unker’s Travels. The
last proofs of the German edition (Vienna,
1889-92) had scarcely passed through the au-
thor’s hands, when he fell a victim to the in-
sidious disease of which the germs had been
sown during his long wanderings in Central
Africa; dying at St. Petersbnrg on February
16. 1892, in the fifty-second year of his age.
Dr. Junker was born of German parents at
Moscow, on April 6, 1840. His early youth
was passed partly at Giittingen, partly at the
German Gymnasium of St. Petersburg, after
which his medical studies were continued at
Gilttingen and Berlin and finished at Prague.
His love of travel was awakened by a trip to
Iceland in 1869, while his residence in Tunis
in the years 1873-74 drew his attention more
especially to Africa. Dr. Junker was not an
explorer of the sensational type. His wander-
ings were prompted by no love of notoriety.
no ambition to win the cheap plaudits and
fickle hero-worship of the multitude. He was
at all points the typical scientific explorer,
worthy to rank with men like Barth, VVallace,
Schweinfurth, and Bates; a genuine thirst for
knowledge being the prime motive that im-
pelled him to barter the shade of his own vine
and fig tree, the easy routine of a German
professorial career, for the perils of the Afri-
can wilderness. lt is specially worthy of note,
and indicative of the patient. tactful character
of the man. that during all his ramblings in
the Welle-Congo and Upper Nile lands Dr.
Junker appears to have never directly or in-
directly caused the loss of a single human life,
— a record that would seem, comparatively
considered, to indicate that diplomacy, not to
say humanity, has played a part too secondary
in the dealings of civilized with barbarous
man in those obscure regions. Dr. Jnnker’s
expeditions did not assume the irritating guise
of an armed incursion. Like Livingston, he
moved about alone amongst the natives, with-
out armed escorts, and accompanied only by
his attendants and carriers, preferring always
to conciliate or to purchase the compliance of
the natives rather than to wrest it m"et armis.
To readers, therefore. with a taste for adven-
'TRAvr.x.s IN Ar-mes during the years 1882-86. By Dr.
Wilhelm Junker. Translated from the German, by A.H.
Keene. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J . B. Lippincott Co.




tures of the more truculent sort, the relatively
sober pages of his narrative — unseasoned as
they are with the record of murderous aflirays
and the like moving incidents—may prove
disappointing. To readers in quest of geo-
graphical and ethnological facts, intelligently
gathered and compactly set forth, the volume
offers unusual attractions. Dr. J unker’s eth-
nological studies of the populations about the
Congo-Nile water partings are of the first im-
portance ; and we may add, for the behoof of
the “ general reader,” that his ever-present
sense of the humorous adds an agreeable leaven
to descriptions that might otherwise prove
tedious to unscientific minds. Dr. J nnker’s
researches in regions hitherto unexplored were
virtually concluded early in 1884, the spread
of the Mahdi revolt compelling him to with-
draw (after having all but solved the Welle-
Makua problem) to Lado on the VVhite Nile,
which place was reached on January 21, 1884.
The concluding chapters, therefore, of the vol-
ume in hand deal largely with lands and events
with which the English reader is already fa-
miliar from later sources. These chapters have
been judiciously condensed by the translator.
One of the most interesting personalities
met with by the author in the heart of Africa
was Prince Bakangai, to whose court readers
of the preceding volumes have been already
introduced.
“ He was of low stature, with thick-set figure, very
stout, with plenty of flesh about the neck, and in his
fortieth year. His features had a kindly expression,
despite the quick, piercing glance that betrayed the con-
sciousness of power. The oval face was adorned by n
short, bushy black beard, and he wore his hair, Malig-
battu fashion, raised high above the crown and gathered
behind, while his royal blood was indicated bya leopard-
skin cap in form not unlike a bishop’s mitre. But the
effect was somewhat spoiled by a rag of blue cloth
fastened round his forehead."
The interest taken by this intelligent savage
in the belongings and accoutrements of his
European guests was not altogether the result
of cnpidity; and the Doctor obtained from him
all manner of gifts for his ethnographic collee-
tion——among them a. piece of cloth woven
by the A-Babua people from fine hast fibre,
the first specimen brought under the author’s
notice of a real textile industry amongst the
Southern and Western tribes. Bakangai was
hugely pleased with the return of music-
boxes, beads. mirrors, and the like trifles
—-to which the Doctor, with some temerity,
added an accordion. Happily, the discovery
of the possibilities of this instrument did not
lead to an outbreak. In the family portraits


1s92.]
209
THE DIAL
and photographs of his guest, Bakangai took
special interest, desiring to see them every day,
and explaining them— with the pride of bud-
ding connoisseurship—to his suite. Rifles
and revolvers naturally were the objects of
greatest concern, and the king on one occasion
went through an object-lesson, taking a re-
volver to pieces and intelligently putting it to-
gether again. His ardent desire for a rifle
was partly appeased by the rather feeble sub-
stitute of a pair of scissors— an instrument
which at once tempted him to the following
novel abuse of the royal prerogative:
“ Scarcely was he possessed of the treacherous object,
when his mischievous propensities were aroused. Op-
erating at first with childish pleasure on the rokkos of
the young people seated round, he soon passed from
their garments to their hair, and with such effect that
some of them were presently quite bald, to the huge
delight of the ruler and his suite.”
The reception accorded this rendering of
“ The Rape of the Lock ” stimulated the royal
humorist to further flights with a burning-
lass also wheedled from the too com liant
g P
Doctor.
“ He quickly learned to use it, and to his intense de-
light burned holes in every shred of bark-cloth that
came �ithin its reach. He also focussed it on his at-
tendants, and was hugely diverted when they suddenly
withdrew their hand with a cry of pain.”
Of the court and residence of King Bakan-
gai, where all was on a scale and in a style
befitting the greatness of a really formidable
African ruler, and which may perhaps be taken
as typical, an interesting account is given. The
number of huts, the size of the well-kept court-
yard, and of the assembly-hall, exceeded‘ any-
thing Dr. Junker had yet seen at the head-
quarters of any native potentate:
“ The royal huts spread over a free space of about
1000 yards east and west, with a breadth of perhaps
500 yards, but narrowing somewhat westwards. Prob-
ably some 200 huts for the female slaves were disposed
in the two long rows on the edge of the open space, the
broader east end of which, serving for the daily gather-
ings, was carefully kept free from grass. Here Bakan-
gai usually sat under a large tree, while the assembly
took their seats on long tree-stems at distances ranging
from forty to seventy-five yards from the prince.”
The assembly hall— a large building sixty-
five by twenty-five yards, with mud walls five
feet high and a roof artistically constructed of
foliage — was ornamented by an accomplished
Zandeh artist with all manner of natural and
conventional designs, drawn in rough outline,
but perfectly distinct. At the west end of the
open space the private dwelling-houses of the
prince were visible above a palisaded enclosure.
Southwards stretched a similar fence, behind

the long rows of huts occupied by the female
slaves ; and here stood the dwellings of the
King’s favorite women, in the shade of the
trees and neighboring banana groves. To this
sacred quarter Dr. Junker was introduced by
Bakangai, and we are afforded a glimpse of
the royal menage .-
“ Here I was treated to a mess of telebun meal, with
an accompaniment of gourd-pips, washed down with
copious draughts of the highly prized native beer. This
drink, brewed from the malted telebun grain, well de-
served its reputation; nowhere have I tasted better than at
Bakaugai’s, whose beer even excelled the already-praised
brews ofiered me at Wando’s and Ngerria’s. The
throng of little princelings also surrounded us in these
sacred precincts, from which all adults were carefully
excluded. The little fellows were quite spoilt by their
fathers and uncles, who kept stuffing them with por-
ridge, and even let them have a pull at the beer-jugs."
During his stay of nearly a month at Ba-
kangai’s court, Dr. Junker naturally had it at
heart to make clear to his entertainer the rela-
tions of the Egyptian Government to the Ne-
gro states, and to impress upon him the good
intentions of Emin Bey toward the local rulers ;
but unfortunately his efforts on behalf of the
Khedival administration proved fruitless. This
powerful native king, despite his kindly recep-
tion of our author, had the reputation of being
a strict ruler, and frequently inflicted punish-
ment on his subjects.
“Especially when he suspected any of his wives of
infidelity, he knew no mercy, and often had both
parties executed without more ado. Shortly before my
arrival, two of his wives had suffered death; but I was
also informed that the despot now lived in fear of my
censure. This is another proof of the great respect
which even the absolute rulers of those lands have for
the judgment of Europeans. With all their bluster
they still appear to have a secret dread of perhaps hav-
ing done something wrong according to our views; so
far is this feeling carried that they prefer to keep al-
together from our knowledge such cases of capital pun-
ishment, as they do the practice of cannibalism."
During the toilsome march from Kubbi to
the Nepoko, Dr. J unker’s long-cherished hope
of seeing the Akka, or Tikkitikki, dwarfs, as
the Arabs call them, was gratified. \Ve are
indebted to Schweinfurth for the first detailed
account of these curious pigmies. Du Chaillu
had at an earlier date met the Obongo, a sim-
ilar race, dwelling among the Ashongos of the
Ogoway basin; and Stanley first met a speci-
men in December, 1876, at lkondu, below
Nyangwe, near the Elila confluence. The lit-
tle people, it seems, are exceedingly coy and
shun the gaze of the European. Vllhile en-
camped in the Momfu district, Dr. Junker
heard of a nomad group of the Akkas close at
hand, and at once made tempting offers to his


210
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
_-.-‘s-_..-...__...___.___________
informants if they would guide him to the set-
tlement. After an hour’s march they came
suddenly upon fifty tiny huts, all empty, con-
cealed in the forest. Two of the Akkas, how-
ever, were found, who, by dint of presents and
promises, were persuaded to await the party
further on, with their kinsfolk. The Doctor
was presently rewarded by a charming and
curious spectacle, finding himself surrounded,
as if by magic, by about fifty of the little peo-
ple, men, women, and children ; while as many
more were visible peeping shyly out from the
foliage at their —- to them - Titanic visitors.
Their timidity was overcome by the usual lar-
gess of bright-colored beads and other trifles,
and they were finally completely won over and
thrown into aesthetic raptures by the sound of
various musical instruments—including the
dulcet accordion —- and by the display of pic-
tures of wild beasts. Unfortunately the Akkas
shortly took alarm at some signs of impatience
on the part of the author’s attendants, vanish-
ing, goblin-like, in the leafy recesses from which
they had so suddenly emerged. The following
is Dr. Junl-rer’s trustworthy account of this
mysterious elfin race — the source of so much
fable and conjecture:
"As regards their mean height, those seen by me
reached to about the shoulders of s. middle-sized man;
the smallest reached only to the pit of my stomach,
while the tallest, the ‘