UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA LIBRARY INIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE tacks. P 48 THE DIAL A Semi-Montbly Fournal of Literary Criticism, D and Information BINDING COPY PATTERN CUST, ACCT, NO. SIZE STAROR 45-102-10803 19 20 THE DIAL. TYPE SIZE SLOT OR START >W -U- .. D OZ- Oac muc CALL IMPRINT PANEL LINES DD COLLATE SPECIAL PREP. INSERT MATERIAL BE NU DS EE TAPE STUB FILLER GUM STUB FIL 1968 348 THE DIAL tacks. A Semi-Montbly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME LI. (51) JULY 1 to DECEMBER 16, 1911 KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York 1968 KRAUS RAPIST, CORPORATION 1 AP 048 V.51 July-Dec. 1911 Reprinted with the permission of James S. Watson, Jr. and Scofield Thayer. Advertising has been omitted in this reprint edition. The elimination of full-page advertisements accounts for minor gaps in pagination. Printed in U.S.A. INDEX TO VOLUME LI. PAGE . . . 63 . . 248 . . 379 · . · · . . . . . . . 386 336 " ANACREON, A Sad” . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 ANDES AND AMAZON , . . . . . . . . . uran Fark : . . . . . . 44 ANTARCTIC, Two YEARS IN THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 ART_ What Is It? . . . . . . . . . Frederick W. Gookin . . BASCOM, JOHN, THE DEATH OF .... . : :; . : . : . : : . 285 BIBLE CRITICISM, A SIGNIFICANT PIECE OF . . . . . Joseph Henry Crooker . . . . 132 BOOKS OF THE FALL SEASON, 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 CANADA, OLD AND NEW . . . . . . . . .. Lawrence J. Burpee . . . . . 130 CAVOUR AND THE MAP OF ITALY. . . . . Carl Becker . . . . . . . 389 CHICAGO THEATRE SOCIETY, THE CHINA, THE TRANSFORMATION OF . . . . . . . . Payson J. Treat . . . . . . 388 CHRISTMAS BOOKS FOR CHILDREN, BUYING . Montrose J. Moses . . . . . 457 CIVIL WAR AFFAIRS, A STERN CENSOR OF . . W. H. Johnson . . . . COLLEGE CURRICULUM, THE STORY OF THE . . Joseph Jastrow . . . . . 250 CONFEDERATE BRIGADIER, MEMOIRS OF A . . . . . James M. Garnett . . . . . 15 DOGBERRY AT THE SEAT OF CUSTOM . . . . . DRAMA, THE AMERICAN NEWSPAPER ... James W. Tupper . .. 334 EIGHTEENTH CENTURY COME AGAIN, THE . . . . . . Charles Leonard Moore . 185 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PATRON OF SCIENCE, AN . . Raymond Pearl . . . . . . 255 ENGLISH LITERARY FAMILIES, SOME . . . . . . . . E. H. Lacon Watson . . . . . 243 ENGLISH LITERATURE, FRENCA INFLUENCE ON .. James W. Tupper ... 129 EVOLUTION: As SPECULATION AND AS FACT.. Raymond Pearl . . . . . . 297 FERRERESQUE STYLE OF WRITING HISTORY, THE ... Grant Showerman . . . . . 397 FICTION, RECENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . William Morton Payne . 48, 199, 470 FOLK, THE, AND THE INDIVIDUAL AS POETS . . . . . Clark S. Northup . . . . . 524 FRANKFORT BOOK FAIR, THE . . . . . . . . George Haven Putnam . . . . 40 FREE-THINKER AND FREE-LANCE, MEMOIRS OF A. . Percy F. Bicknell GETTYSBURG, LEE AND LONGSTREET AT . . . . . . . James M. Garnett . . . . . 126 GOETHE'S FRIENDSHIPS WITH WOMEN . . . . James Taft Hatfield . . . GREAT Soul, THE STORY OF A . . . . . . Waldo R. Browne . . . GREAT WORK, THE CONCLUSION OF A . . . . . . . Ephraim D. Adams . . . . . 73 HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS, 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474, 532 INCOME Tax, PROBLEMS OF AN . . . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . 196 INDIA, THE INTEREST OF . . . . . . . Fred B. R. Hellems . . . . . ITALIAN PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE ... Anna Benneson McMahan . . . 292 ITALY, THE LIBERATOR OF . . . . . . . . . . Roy Temple House . . . . . 465 JAPAN, A BINOCULAR VIEW OF . . . . . . . . . 0. D. Wannamaker . . . . . 100 LAW AND LAWYERS IN AMERICA . . . . . . ... Percy F. Bicknell ..... 190 LEONARDO AND THE LADY . . . . . . . . Anna Benneson McMahan . . 194 LISZT CENTENARY, THE . . . . . . . . .: Louis James Block .. . . 394 LITERATURE, THE FIGHT FOR FREE RAW MATERIALS IN . Charles Leonard Moore . . . 517 LUTHER, MARTIN, MODERN Views or . . . James Taft Hatfield . .. . 528 MILTON, THE AGE OF, IN ENGLISH LITERATURE . . Lane Cooper . . . . . . . 463 MORALITY, THE OLD . . . . . . . . . . . 91 MOUNTAIN LOVER, FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF A .. :: Charles Atwood Kofoid . ... 251 MUSIC, THE MESSAGE OF . . . . . . . . . . . Louis James Block , 293 NEW ENGLAND, A TRUE DAUGHTER OF . . . Annie Russell Marble 337 Novelists, The INCONSISTENCIES OF . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . 65 OLD VILLAGE PARISH, RECORDS OF AN . . . . Arthur Howard Noll 341 PARIS UNDER EIGHT RÉGIMES . . . . . . . . · Warren Barton Blake .. 469 PEDAGOGY, HARD WORDS ABOUT . . . . . 239 PENSIONS AND THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 PETER AND THE PRIMROSE . . . . . . . . . . . 281 PHILOSOPHY, THE NEW VOICE OF . . . . . . . . T. D. A. Cockerell . . . . . 253 PHYSICIAN, MEMOIRS OF AN EMINENT. . . . . Laurence M. Larson ... Poe's POEMS, A New TEXT OF . . . . . . . . .. Killis Campbell . . . . . . 13 POET LAUREATE, EVOLUTION OF A . . . . . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . . . . . 38 POET OF PROSTRATE POLAND, THE . . . . . . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . . . 124 522 294 . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . · 72 · . · iv. INDEX PAGE ...... .... 3 531 ... POETRY, RECENT . . . ..... William Morton Payne . ... 103 PRACTICAL REFORMER, A STURDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 PRESIDENT, AN UNHAPPY, MEMOIRS OF . . . . .. St. George L. Sioussat . . . . 198 PROPORTION, A STUDY IN . . . . . . . . . . . Charles Leonard Moore . . . 33 RANDOM RECOLLECTIONS OF A REGULAR .. David Y. Thomas . . . . . 392 READERS, Two KINDS OF . . . . . . . 284 REFORMERS OF THE FRONTIER . . . . . . . . . . Lawrence J. Burpee . . . . . 78 RELIGION IN EDUCATION. 325 : SAUNTERINGS AMONG SUMMER ISLANDS . . . . . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . . . 96 SCANDINAVIAN STUDY IN AMERICA . . . . . : : : : : : : : : : “ SEASONS, THE," OF A LATER THOMSON ... Raymond Pearl.. SHAKESPEARE LITERATURE, THREE CENTURIES OF..Alphonso Gerald Newcomer .. 192 SHAKESPEARE THROUGH FRENCH EYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 SIXTY YEARS OF A Man's LIFE . . . . . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . . . 17 SOCIAL UNDERWORLD, CURRENTS OF THE . . . . . . Charles Richmond Henderson . 16 SOPHISTS, THE, OF OUR DAY . . . . . : Edward E. Hale, Jr. . . . . 98 SOUTHERN WOMAN'S RECOLLECTIONS OF Sixty YEARS Annie Russell Marble . . . . 468 SPELL OF THE WILD, THE . . . . . . . . . . . May Estelle Cook . . . . . 527 STORY-WRITER, A GREAT AMERICAN . . . . . . . Percy F. Bicknell . . . 290 THACKERAY. . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . THACKERAY AND DICKENS . . . . . . . . . Charles Leonard Moore THOMAS, THEODORE, THE INTIMATE LIFE OF . . . George P. Upton ... 462 TRADE UNIONISM IN AMERICA, Six DECADES OF . . . . M. B. Hammond .. 339 UNITARIANISM, AN EXPOSITOR OF . . . . . . . . . W. H. Carruth . . . . . . 102 UNIVERSITY INAUGURAL, A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 “ VOTES FOR WOMEN” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. D. A. Cockerell... WAGNER'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . George P. Upton . . . . . . 10 WESTERN EXPLORATION, A GREAT BOOK OF . . . . . Lawrence J. Burpee . . . . . 466 WOLLSTONECRAFT, MARY, THE CASE OF . . . . . . John Bascom . . . . . . . 76 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS - 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 261 SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG – 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CASUAL COMMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 35, 67, 93, 121, 186, 241, 286, 328, 383, 459, 518 BRIEFS ON New Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 51, 79, 107, 135, 204, 257, 298, 342, 398 BRIEFER MENTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 55, 82, 109, 138, 207, 259, 347, 401 NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 55, 83, 109, 138, 207, 260, 302, 348, 402, 490, 540 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 84, 140, 261, 349, 491 LISTS OF NEw Books ............ 24, 56, 84, 110, 140, 266, 303, 350, 403, 492, 541 ..... 327 .... 1 485 CASUAL COMMENT PAGE 37 PAGE 35 8 459 Academic Degrees, Multiplication of... Albemarle Street, A Singular Protest from.. Alcott, Miss, The New England of...... Anthem-Mending, A Good Piece of..... Artistic Shortcomings, A Consolation for..... Authorship, The Best Propædeutic to. Author's Most Dangerous Rival, A Popular.... Auto Plagiarism, Involuntary. Barbara Frietchie Legend, Another Version of.. Bennett, Arnold, Confession of.. Bennett, Joseph, Death of.... * Best Seller," A Hot Summer's..... Blind, A National Library for the..... Book-Review. The Old-Fashioned Discursive.... Book-Review, The Publisher's Opinion of the... Books, Lessons from the Outsides of ........... Book-Space, How to Economize......... Book Titles, Misleading..... Book-Wagon, A Promising Field for the...... Canada, Book Production in.. Classics, Financing a New Translation of the. Class Reunion Extraordinary, A...... Colored Folk, the Cause of the...... Concord, Overheard in..... Coronation, A, without an Ode...... Coronation Honors to English Men of Letters......... 95 Corson, Hiram, Death of.......... 95 Dead Books, the Nightmare of. Degree, Short Road to a Learned..... Dia: the Librarian...... 188 Dickens as Remembered by his Son......... 243 Eccentric Literature, A Survey of.. 68 Educators, A Grave Problem for........ 121 Eighteenth Century Visitor to America, A Prophetic.. 329 Faust Legend. A New Treatment of the. Fiction - On taking it Seriously... Fish, The, in Literature.... 5 Flying Machine, the Novel of the.... 460 Freytag Memorial, Movement for a...., 384 Genius, The Real Rewards of............ 186 George Eliot in a New Aspect..... 241 German Book-Publishing and Book-Selling Methods. 520 Gildersleeve, Professor B. L., Eightieth Birthday of... Giraudoux, Jean, Superlative Futility of............ 385 Golf, Dr. Johnson on....... 385 Greek, German Disloyalty to the Cause of..... Greek Letters as a Fountain of Youth....... 123 “Hamlet” at the Imperial Theatre in Tokio 122 Hauptmann in Japanese. ..... 35 | | Hellenic Studies at Oxford...... 242 123 242 67 328 94 286 95 37 828 67 520 INDEX 69 460 287 243 123 288 461 Hungarian Way of Rewarding Genius, The... Illustrations Which Do Not Illustrate.. Illustrious Name, Handicap of an........... Immoral Literature, Deadly Dulness of...... Index Exasperatorious, The, in Libraries... Index-Making as a Field for Prison Labor.. Irving's "Headless Horseman's Bridge"..... James, William, Another Foreign Tribute to Journalistic Controversy, Novel Methods of..... Juvenile Book Hunger ........... Kentucky's Library Commission, First Year of ... King George's Opportunity....... Latin America, Intellectual Ferment in.... Legislators' English......... Librarians, A Midsummer Symposium of... Librarian's Busy Day, The......... Libraries, A Midsummer Suggestion to.... Libraries, Public Censorial Functions of... Library of Magnificent Distances, A...... Library Report in Rhyme, A,............. Library. Silence in the............. Library Trustees and Commission Government. Lincolniana Curiosa........ Literary Expression, Best School of Literature, Absolute Criticism of... Log Cabin, A Poet's...... Loosened Spirit, Liberty of &........... Loubat Prize, This Year's..... “Lucas Malet." The Painstaking....... "Lyceum Lecture," A Revival of the Old-Time. Mandarin Disease, The................... Maryland Authors....... Mathematician, Literary Diversions of a.. Myth-Smashing, The Business of...... Napoleon III., An American Girl at the Court of. New Books, Public Clamor for..... New York's State Library, Rebirth of...... Nivedita, Sister, Death of................. Novelist's Merits, Government Recognition of.... Novel, Popular, Geographical Distribution of..... PAGB PAGB 243 Ocean Liner, Literature of an......... 94 287 Orthography, Shifting Standards of.. 122 329 Participle Form of English Verb, The Puzzling. 287 188 Past Participle, The Strong........ 123. 121 Pearson, Dr. Daniel K., Latest Gift of..... 286 Pen Squabbles. Amusing Futility of.... 9 Philistines, An Onslaught on the..... Poetry, Memory for................... Poets, Fire-Eating........ 36 Pomfret Plan of Library Management..... 385 69 Printing. Clean, of Clean Literature.... 122 Printing House, The Endowed.......... 520 186 Printing, Teaching the Art of 36 Public Documents, Lax Guardianship of Valuable... Publishing Business. Perils and Problems of the....... 286 830 Pulitzer's Plan for Making Journalists......... 519 Roche, The Sir Boyle, of To-day............ Rural Extension of the Public Library..... 121 Russell. William Clark, The Late............ 122 Schall. General Morris, New War Papers by..... 520 461 Shakespeare, The Indestructible Identity of... 329 “Sherlock Holmes," Death of the Original of ...... 287 286 Simplified Spelling Conference, The Americo-Cockney.. 828 383 Skeat, W. W., Seventy-sixth Birthday of........ 241 Sorbonne, A Wail from the........... Spelling Reform, A Triumph for...... Stage, The College and the........... 95 Stevenson and the House of Lords. Summer Vacation, The Horatian View of a.... Thackerayana, An Exhibition of.. 518 Thackeray, Apropos of ............ 93 Title-Page, The Old-Time........ 460 Tolstoi's Posthumous Writings..... 520 Tolstoy's Last Play......... 885 94 "Tom Sawyer," The Universal and Irresistible Appeal of.. Unused Book, Problem of the. 35 519 Virginia, Literary Honors to......... 461 Wiley, Dr., as Classical Scholar and Poet......... 95 | Yale, A sign of the Times at....... 288 242 8 243 519 123 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED 483 Adam, Evelyn. Behind the Screens in Japan..... 100 Bennett, Arnold. Mental Efficiency........... Æsop's Fables. Illustrated by E. Boyd Smith..... 4781 Bennett, Arnold. The Feast of St. Friend..... Aflalo, F.G. A Fisherman's Summer in Canada......... Bennett, Arnold. The Truth about an Author..... 843 Alden, Raymond M. English Prose of the 18th Century... 473 Benson, A. C. Ruskin: A Study in Personality. 107 "American Flag. The".... 23 Bergson, Henri. Creative Evolution...... 253 Andrews, Mary R. 8. The Courage of the Commonplace.. 539 Bernard, Henry M. Some Neglected Factors in Evolution 297 "Annual Library Index" for 1910....... 83 Bithell, Jethro. Contemporary Belgian Poetry.......... 109 Arnold's The Scholar Gypsy and Thyrsis. Illustrated by Black. Hugh. Happiness......................... W. Russell Flint....... 481 Blackmore's Lorna Doone. Author's edition... 535 Austin. Alfred, Autobiography of ....... 38 Bolton, H. E. Diary of Pedro Fages.............. 109 Austin, Mary. The Arrow Maker........ 22 Bone, James. Edinburgh Revisited.......... 475 Avery, Elroy M. History of the United States...... Boyce, Sir Rupert. Yellow Fever and Its Prevention... 19 Ayer. Emma Burbank. A Motor Flight through Algeria Boyd, Mary Stuart. The Fortunate Isles....... 475 and Tunisia... 632 Branche. A., and Dagoury, L. Recollections of a Parisian.. 469 Bacon, Benjamin Wisner. The Fourth Gospel. 182 Braun, Frederick A. Margaret Fuller and Goethe...... 344 Bacon, Dolores. Operas Every Child Should Know.. 83 Briggs, Martin S. In the Heel of Italy...... 299 Baedeker's The Mediterranean....................... 83 Britan, Halbert. The Philosophy of Music...... 293 Bagot, Richard. My Italian Year........ 476 Browning's Dramatis Personæ, illus. by E. F. Brickdale... 479 Baldwin, Edward C. Old Testament Narratives........... 83 Brown, J. Wood, Florence, Past and Present............. 52 Ballagha, James Curtis. Letters of Richard Henry Lee.... 258 Bruce. H. Addington. Scientific Mental Healing ......... 400 Barbour, Ralph H. Joyce of the Jasmines...... 536 Bryant, Edward A. Best English and Scottish Ballads ... 539 Barclay, Florence L, The Mistress of Shenstone. Holiday Bryant, Edward A. On Lile's Highway.. 483 edition................................................... 536 Bumpus, T. Francis. Cathedrals of Central Italy.. 480 Barham's Ingoldsby Legends. Illus. by H. G. Theaker.... 478 Bunston, Anna The Porch of Paradise .......... Baring-Gould, S. The Land of Teck and Its Neighborhood 82 Burlington Library.... 479 Baring, Maurice, Collected Poems of ...... 103 Caflin. Charles H. Story of French Painting .... Barnett, Annie, and Dale, Lucy. Anthology of Modern Calvert, Albert. Spain. 474 English Prose............................................ 83 Cape, C. Phillips. Benares ... 296 Barrie, J. M. Peter and Wendy............................ 483 Carter, John Wesley. From the Heights ............ 540 Barrington, Mrs. Russell. Essays on the Purpose of Art.. 134 Catholic Books in the St. Louis Public Library, List of.... Bateg-Batcheller, Tryphosa. Italian Castles and Country Chambers, Robert W. The Common Law Seats... 477 "Charades by an Idle Man".... Bates, E. S. Touring in 1600...... 344 Charcot, Jean. The Voyage of the "Why Not?” in the Beach. Joseph Warren. The Comic Spirit in Meredith.... 136 Antarctic ...... Beach, Rex. The Ne'er-do-well......... 200 Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose, illustrated by Keith Hen- Beecham, R. K. Gettysburg ....... 126 derson and Norman Wilkinson .... 536 ...................... Bellamy, William. Broken Words....... 540 Cheney, Anne Cleveland. By the Sea ....... Benedict, R. D. Stories from the Old French Chronicles.. 139 Childe, Wilfred Rowland. The Little City... Bennett, Arnold. Hilda Lessways.... 471 Clarke, Helen A. The Poets' New England..... 481 W O LBIU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 103 534 .............. 56 INDEX 477 239 106 253 530 130 16 599 524 396 49 483 DUUUUIUIUr&rIC8............................. 55 207 583 PAGE PAGE Clouston, T. S. Unsoundness of Mind.. 259 Geddes, Patrick, and Thomson, J. Arthur. Evolution...... 297 Coit. Stanton. Woman in Church and State............... 47 Gettell, Raymond G. Readings in Political Science....... 207 Colles, W.M., and Cresswell, H. Success in Literature.... 108 Gibson, Elizabeth. Fruits of the Valley, and other booklets 401 Collier, Price. The West in the East....... 294 Gilder, Jeannette L. The Myrtle Reed Year Book.......... 538 Collins, Charles W. Great Love Stories of the Theatre.... 481 Ginn's Standard English Classics... ...........83, 188 Collins, W. W. Cathedral Cities of Italy.... Glasgow, Ellen. The Miller of Old Church. Comfort, Will Levington. She Buildeth Her House.... Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield, illus. by H. M. Brock 536 Commons, John R., and Others. Documentary History of Goodhue, Isabel. Good Things............................. 540 American Industrial Society ....... Gostling, W.G. Labrador...... 206 Cone. Helen Gray. Soldiers of the Light.... Gouverneur, Marian. As I Remember.. Cooke, Marjorie Benton. To Mother........ 540 Gowans, Adam L. Twelve Best Tales by English Writers Cook, E. T. Life of John Ruskin............. 622 Gribble, Francis. Romance of the Oxford Colleges....... Cory, Herbert E. The Critics of Spenser. 241 Griffith, R. H. Sir Perceval of Galles.......... "Coulevain, Pierre de." The Unknown Isle....... 80 Griffith, W. L. The Dominion of Canada..... Crampton, Henry E. The Doctrine of Evolution..... 297 Gross, Hans. Criminal Psychology..... Crane, Frank. Human Confessions... 346 Guérin, Jules. The Syrian Shepherd's Psalm.... Crawford, Mary Caroline. Goethe and His Woman Friends 336 Gummere, Francis B. Democracy and Poetry..... Crooker, Joseph H. The Church of Tomorro 23 Haddon, J. Cuthbert. Master Musicians.. Crook, W. H. Memories of the White House.............. 257 Haggard, H. Rider. The Mahatma and the Hare.... Cross, Wilbur L. English Readings for Schools, new series 56 Hagood, Johnson. Memoirs of the War of Secession.. Crowe and Caval Caselle's History of Painting in Italy, Haines, Jennie Day. The Book of Love..... edited by Douglas and Nicola..... Hall, Bolton. The Gift of Sleep..... Crowell's Miniature Series.................................. Hammerton, J. A. George Meredith, new edition.......... Cruikshank, J. W. and A. M. Christian Rome........ "Harding. Peter, M.D." The Corner of Harley Street..... Cullom, Shelby M. Fifty Years of Public Service....... Hare's Cities of Southern Italy, edited by St. Clair Baddeley Curtis, William Eleroy. Turkestan, the Heart of Asia.... Harker, George A. Square Beasts and Curved.... Dalton, Sir Cornelius Neale. The Real Captain Kidd...... 54 Harrison, Frederic. Autobiographic Memoirs..... Dana, Charles L. and John C. Letters of Horace...... 346 Harrison, Henry Sydnor. Queed...... Dana, J. C., and Thompson, Grace. Work with Schools: Harrison, Mrs. Burton. Recollections, Grave and Gay.... School Libraries...... 541 Harvey, William. Scottish Life and Character............. 481 Dana's Two Years Before the Mast, illus. by Charles Pears 477 Hawthorne, Hildegarde. The Lure of the Garden......... Dana's Two Years Before the Mast, illus. by E. Boyd Smith 477 Hay, Ian. A Safety Match...... Davidson, Charles. Motor Work and Formal Studies.... 207 Hays, Margaret G., and Weiderseim, Grace. Vegetable Dawson, W. J. and C. W. The Great English Novelists... Verselets............................ Deland, Margaret. The Iron Woman.... 473 Hecker, Eugene A. A Short History of Women's Rights... Demarest, Virginia. Nobody's... 202 Henderson, Archibald. Interpreters of Life.......... Denison, Christina P. Browning's "Paracelsus".. Henderson, W.J. Some Forerunners of Italian Opera.... Denis, Pierre. Brazil..... "Henry, 0." The Gift of the Wise Men.................... Denney. Duncan, and McKinney. Argumentation and Herbert, J. A. Illuminated Manuscripts......... Debate .............................................. 56 Hervey, Arthur. Liszt and His Music........ Desmond, Humphrey J. Little Uplifts.. 540 Hibben, John Grier. A Defence of Prejudice... De Vries. Hugo. The Mutation Theory. Vol. II..... 298 Hichens, Robert. The Fruitful Vine........... Dickens's Christmas Carol, illustrated by Ethel F. Everett 479 Hind, C. Lewis. Turner's Golden Visions..... Dickens's Pickwick Papers, illustrated by Cecil Aldin...... 478 Hobbs, W. H. Characteristics of Existing Glaciers..... Dickens's The Chimes, illustrated by F.S. Coburn......... 536 Hoffman, Frederick L. Ingurance Science and Economics Dickinson, G. Lowes. Religion and Immortality..... 109 Holbrook. Richard T. Portraits of Dante.................. Dick, Stewart. The Pageant of the Forth.............. 475 Holland, Clive. The Belgians at Home.... 477 Dodd. William E. Statesmen of the Old South............ 298 Holme, Charles. Peasant Art in Austria and Hungary.... Dorr, Rheta Childe. What Eight Million Women Want... 46 Home University Library........ .............56, 188, 348 Douglas, Sir George. Book of Scottish Poetry..... 347 Hopkins, Herbert Müller. Poems... 106 Downes, William H. Life and Works of Winslow Homer 479 Hough, Lyon Harold. The Lure of Books... Drinkwater, H. Lecture on Mendelism .............. 208 Hourtica, Louis. Art in France....... Durland, Kellogg. Royal Romances of To-day.... 538 Howard, John R. Poems of Friendship...... Duval, G. Shadows of Old Paris............................ 476 Howard, L. O. The House Fly, Disease Carrier...... Ecclesiastes. Riverside Press edition... ou................... 347 Howells, William Dean, Works of, Library edition. “Eclectic Readings".. .......... 189 Hubbard, "Kin." Abe Martin's Almanack...... 540 Edgar, Pelham, and Squair, John. Poetry of Victor Hugo 207 Huckel, Oliver. Gotterdamerung.............. 540 Edler, Friedrich. The Dutch Republic and the American Huneker, James. Franz Liszt............... 394 Revolution..... 302 Hutton, Edward. Venice and Venetia.......... Educational Opportunities in Chicago... 401 Hyndman, Henry M. The Record of an Adventurous Life 400 Edwards, George Wharton. Some Old Flemish Towns..... 474 Jackson, A. V. W. From Constantinople to the Home of Elder, Paul. California the Beautiful.... Omar Khayyam............. 532 Emerton, Ephraim. Unitarian Thought. 102 Jaggard, William. Shakespeare Bibliography... Emmet, Thomas Addis. Incidents of My Life... Jameson, Frederick. Art's Enigma................. Fairless, Michael. The Road-Mender. Illus. by E. W. Waite Jeffery, Reynold W. The New Europe....... 401 Farnol, Jeffery. The Money Moon, holiday edition....... 636 Jenkins, Stephen. The Greatest Street in the World...... 474 Ferguson, Charles. The University Militant........ 137 Jerrold, Walter. The Danube......... 477 Ferrero, Guglielmo. Women of the Cæsars....... 397 Jewell, Louise Pond. The Great Adventure.............. 589 Fields, Annie. Letters of Sarah Orne Jewett..... 337 Johnson, Burgess. Bashful Ballads........ 484 Finn, Frank. Wild Beasts of the World...... 482 Johnson, C. Highways and Byways of the Great Lakes.... Fiske, John. American Political Ideas, new edition....... Johnson, Harold. The House of Life....... Fitch. George Hamlin. Comfort Found in Good Old Books 301 Johnson, Tom L. My Story ............ Fletcher, C. R. L. Introductory History of England, Johnston, Mary. The Long Roll.... two-volume edition......... Jones, H. Stuart. Classical Rome........... Fletcher, J. B. The Religion of Beauty in Woman 107 Josephson, A.G.S. A List of Books on the History of Science Flitch, J. E. Crawford. Mediterranean Moods......... Jusserand, J.J. What to Expect of Shakespeare....... Flournoy, T. Spiritism and Psychology .................... 399 Keller, Gottfried. Legends of Long Ago........... Ford, J. D. M. Old Spanish Readings............ 83 Kellett, E. E. Book of Cambridge Verse....... Foster, W.T. Administration of the College Curriculum.. 250 Kelley, William Valentine. Trees and Men....... Fowler, H. W. and F. G. The Concise Oxford Dictionary 83 Kelsey, Francis W., and others. Latin and Greek in Fraser, Sir Andrew. Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots.... 295 American Education............. Friedenwald, Herbert. American Jewish Year Book, 5672 260 Keltie, J. Scott. Statesman's Year-Book, 48th edition..... Galt, John. Annals of the Parish, illus. by H. W. Kerr.... 474 Kennan, Kossuth Kent. Income Taxation.... Ganong. W. F. LeClercq's New Relation of Gaspesia...... 131 Kennedy, J. M. Religions and Philosophies of the East... Gardner, Monica M. Adam Mickiewicz.................... 124 Kerfoot, J. B. Broadway........ Garlanda, Federico. The New Italy..... 292 Kimball, Everett. The Public Life of Joseph Dudley...... Garnett, Porter, and Strickler, E. G. The Green Knight.. 207 I King, Ben. Southland Melodies.......................... 534 CU ............. 3477 640 109 476 192 535 475 541 55 36 INDEX vii. • 342 54 23 181 387 258 529 51 PAGE PAGE King, Marie West. Recipe for a Happy Life. 539 Paine, Ralph D. Book of Buried Treasure........... 205 Kingsley, Florence M. The Transfiguration of Miss Pancoast, Henry S. Vista of English Verse Philura, holiday edition........ 540 Pankhurst, E. Sylvia. The Suffragette...... Kirkpatrick, E. A. The Individual in the Making.... Parker, Louis N. Pomander Walk......... Kittredge, D. W. All the World Loves a Quarrel. 461 Parker, Theodore. Centenary Celebration Report. Kittredge, Herman E. Robert Ingersoll..... Parkman's Works, pocket edition....... Koebel, W. H. Argentina, Past and Present..... 22 Parrish, Randall. Love Under Fire...... Koebel, W. H. Uruguay.............. 346 Partridge, G. E. The Nervous Life...... Kullnick, Max. From Rough Rider to President...... 20 Paterson, William Romaine. The Old Dance Master... Lacombe, Bernard D. Talleyrand the Man 343 Paul, H, G. John Dennis..... Lamon, Ward H. Recollections of Lincoln, new edition... 22 Paxon, Susan. Two Latin Plays for High School Students Lane, Mrs. John. Talk of the Town.... 348 Penfield, Edward. Spanish Sketches... Lane, William Coolidge. Descriptive and Historical Notes Perrett, Louise. Our New Home...... of the Harvard Library.... 402 Pfungst, Oskar, Clever Hans......... Langton, Stephen. For Her Namesake... Phillips, C. Coles, A Gallery of Girls...... Laut, Agnes. Freebooters of the Wilderness...... Pickett, Montgomery H. The Fourth Physician.. Lawson, John Cuthbert. Modern Greek Folklore and Potter, David. An Accidental Honeymoon...... 537 Ancient Greek Religion...... 204 Punnett, R. C. Mendelism........ 298 Lea, Fannie Heaslip. Quicksands...... Putnam, Ruth. William the Silent...... 300 Leary, Lewis Gaston, The Christmas City....... 484 Quirós, C. Bernaldo de. Modern Theories of Criminality Lee. Sidney. The French Renaissance in England... 129 Rawlings, Alfred. A Flower Anthology ....... Le Gallienne, Richard. Loves of the Poets....... 481 Raymond, Walter English Country Life..... Legge, E. Comedy and Tragedy of the Second Empire 537 Reeks, Margaret. The Mother of Goethe....... Lewis, Arthur Gardner. The Iliad..................... 82 Reynolds, Helen W. Records of Christ Church........... 341 Lewis, Charles B. La Lyre d'Amour.... 347 Rice, Wallace and Frances. Humbler Poets, second series. 138 Lewis. G. Griffin. Practical Book of Oriental Rugs...... 533 Richards. John Morgan. Life of John Oliver Hobbes...... 185 Liddell, A.G.C. Notes from the Life of an Ordinary Mortal Riley, James Whitcomb. When She Was About Sixteen.. 538 Liljencrantz, Ottilie A. A Viking's Love.... 483 Riverside Educational Monographs... 347 Locke, William J. The Glory of Clementina...... 202 Robertson, E. Wordsworth and the English Lake Country 532 Lockwood, Laura E., and Kelly, Amy R. Letters that Live 109 Roe, E. T. Webster's New Standard American Dictionary 482 London, Jack. The Cruise of the Snark..... 54 Rolfe, W.J. Satchel Guide to Europe, 40th edition........ 83 Lorenz, Carl. Tom L. Johnson......... 204 Rolleston, T. W. Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race... 482 Louisa, Princess. My Own Story....... 299 Rose, Henry. Maeterlinck's Symbolism ....... Louxembourg Library, new volumes..... 138 Ross, Edward A. The Changing Chinese...... ............. 388 Lowell, Percival. Soul of the Far East, new 484 Saloman, Nina. The Voices of the Rivers...... Low. Will H. A Painter's Progress....... 135 Sargeant. Philip W. The Great Empress Dowager of Lucas, E. V. Old Lamps for New...... 257 China ....... Lynde, Francis. The Price.... 48 Saunders, Charles F. A Window in Arcady... Macbride, Mackenzie. Arran of the Bens....... 475 "Scala, Guglielmo." Monna Lisa........... MacCracken, Pierce, and Durham. Introduction to Schnitzler, Arthur Anatol............... Shakespeare......... 138 Scott, John Reed. In Her Own Right..... MacDonald, Arthur. Eccentric Literature....... 68 Scott, Temple. The Friendship of Books.... Mackenzie, A. S. The Evolution of Literature... Seawell, Molly Elliot. The Ladies' Battle............. Maeterlinck, M. Aglavaine and Sélysette....... Secret Jourpals of the Republic of Texas, 1836-1845......... 207 Mathews, John L. The Log of the Easy Way.... Seitz, Don C. Letters from Francis Parkman to E.G. Squier 347 Matthews, Brander. A Study of Versification..... Seligman, Edwin R. A. The Income Tax....... ... 196 Matthewson, Anna. Song of the Evening Stars..... Semple, Ellen C. Influences of Geographic Environment Matz, B. W. Forster's Life of Dickens.... 585 | Sharp, Evelyn. Rebel Women.. Maurel, André. Little Cities of Italy...... Sharts, Joseph. The Vintage.... McCarter, Margaret H. The Peace of Solomon Valley.. 540 Shaw-Sparrow, Walter. Frank Brangwyn and His Work 480 McCauley, Lena May. The Joy of Gardens. 481 Sheehan, P. A. The Intellectuals...... McGiffert, Arthur Cushman. Martin Luther...... 528 Shelley's Sensitive Plant, illustrated by Charles Robinson Melville, Lewis. Some Aspects of Thackeray..... 205 Shepard, William R. Historical Atlas........ Melville, Lewis. Some Eccentrics and a Woman.... 538 Shepherd, Henry E. Representative Authors of Maryland 93 Merwin, Henry Childs. Life of Bret Harte. 290 Sherman, Eloise Lee. Pickaninny Namesakes........... 540 Meyer, Kuno. Selections from Ancient Irish Poetry.. 138 Short, Josepbine Helena. Chosen Days in Scotland.... 476 Miller, George A. Some Outdoor Prayers... 540 Sidis, Boris. Philistine and Genius..... 6 Miller, Henry Russell. His Rise to Power....... 200 Slater, D. A. Æneas.......... 103 Mill, John Stuart. The Subjection of Women, edited by Small, Albion. The Meaning of Social Science. 259 Carrie Chapman Catt........... Smalley, Evelyn G. Henry James Year Book... 538 Mills, Enos A. The Spell of the Rockies...... Smith, David E. The Teaching of Geometry... 347 Mitchell, C. Ainsworth. Science and the Criminal.... Smith, Edward. Life of Sir Joseph Banks....... 255 Mitchell, 8. Weir. John Sherwood, Ironmaster.. Smith, F. Hopkinson. Kennedy Square... 472 Modern Travel Series, The................ 259 | Smith, Preserved. Life and Letters of Martin Luther.. 528 Moore, John Bassett. Works of James Buchanan.... Smith, Reed. Participle and Infinitive in -ing............. 287 Moore, N. Hudson. Old Clock Book....... 537 Smythe. Barbara. Trobador Poets..................... 207 Morgan, Alice. The Boy who Brought Christmas... 540 Snell, F. J. Customs of Old England.. 344 Morrison, Alfred J. Schoept's Travels................... 68 Snyder, Henry N. Selections from the Old Testament.... Morse, John T. Diary of Gideon Welles...... 248 Solenberger, Alice Willard. One Thousand Homeless Men, Morton, Edward Payson. The Technique of English Non- Southey's Life of Nelson. Illustrated by Frank Brangwyn. 535 Dramatic Blank Verse............. 347 Spence-Jones, H.D. M. Early Christians in Rome........ 259 Moges, Montrose J. The American Dramatist....... 334 Spingarn, Joel Elias. The New Hesperides........ 105 Mozang, H. J. Along the Andes and Down the Amazon.... 44 Stacpoole. Henry De Vere. Poems and Ballads...... ... 104 Muir, John. My First Summer in the Sierras...... 251 Staley, Edgcumbe. Heroines of Genoa and the Rivieras.. 206 Nearing, Scott. The Solution of the Child Labor Problem Stanley, Sir Henry M. Autobiography of, one-vol. edition. 490 Nevill, Ralph. London Clubs..... 52 Stebbins, E. P. Jungle By-ways in India..... 296 Nield, Jonathan. Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Sterling. George. The House of Orchids...... 105 Tales, fourth edition....... Stevens, D. K. The Lyrics of Eliza............ 540 Noguchi, Yone. Lafcadio Hearn in Japan.... 400 Stevenson, R. R. Lay Morals and Other Papers.. 79 Nutting, H.C. A Latin Primer.... 347 St. Mars, F. People of the Wild.. 528 O'Hara, John Myers. Pagan Sonnets..... 105 Stockard, Henry J. A Study in Southern Poetry...... 259 Olcott, William Tyler. The Star Lore of All Ages.... 484 Stoddard, Charles W. In the Footprints of the Padres, Older. Mrs. Fremont. Esther Damon 201 new edition............ 533 Oppenheim, James. The Nine-tenths.... 472 Streamer, Volney. Book Titles from Shakespeare........ 540 Ovington, Mary White. Hall a Man...... 137 Strong, Isobel. Robert Louis Stevenson...... 538 Orenham, John, The Coil of Carne...... 470 Syrett. Netta. Drender's Daughter........... Ortord Library of Prose and Verse...... ............23, 138 | Taylor, G.R. Stirling. Mary Wollstonecraft............ 540 80 207 1981 Smit 259 viji. INDEX 479 73 463 FO 401 478 541 PAGE PAGE Tennyson's In Memoriam and The Princess, illustrated by Ward, A. W., and others. Cambridge Modern History, F. S. Coburn....... Vol. XII....... Tennyson's Princess, illustrated by Everard Hopkins..... 536 Ward, A. W., and Waller, A. R. Cambridge History of Tennyson's Princess, illus. by Howard Chandler Christy.. 535 English Literature, Vol. VII....... Thackeray, W.M. Some Familiar Letters of.............. 257 Ward, Gilbert O. The Practical Use of Books and Libraries Thayer, William R. Life and Times of Cavour........... 389 Warner, Anne. When Woman Proposes..... Things German, An Institute to Promote the Knowledge of 187 Warren, Charles. History of the American Bar.. 190 Thomas. Edward. Maurice Maeterlinck... ............... 398 Warren, Ina Russell. Mother Love............. Thomas, Rose Fay. Memoirs of Theodore Thomas........ 462 Watson, Gilbert. Toddie......... Thompson, J. W. Estienne's Francofordiense Emporium. 40 Watteau Library, The...... Thomson, J. Arthur, and Geddes, Patrick Evolution.... 297 Webster, Henry Kitchell. The Girl in the Other Seat. Thomson, J. Arthur. The Biology of the Seasons......... 531 Welles, Gideon, Diary of..... Thoreau's A Week on the Concord, illustrated by Clifton Welsh, Charles. Stories, Books, Plays and Biographies... Johnson ...... Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth. In Chateau Land...... 582 Thorndike, E. L. Animal Intelligence.... 301 Wheeler, C. E. Dante's Divine Comedy................ 847 Tolstoy's Works, pocket edition....... Whipple, Wayne. Life Story of Washington...... 483 Tooker, William W. Indian Place-Names on Long Island 346 White's Selborne, illus. by George E. Collins....... 535 Trevelyan, George Macauley. Garibaldi and the Making Whiting, Lilian. The Brownings... 899 O1 Ilaiy................................................... of Italy..... 465 Whitty, J. H. Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe.. 13 Trevor, Roy My Balkan Tour............................. 136 Whitty, J. H. Virginia Copyright Entries.............. 187 Trine, Ralph Waldo. En Harmonio Kun la Eterneco..... Willey, Arthur. Convergence in Evolution..... Turnbull, A. Biographia Epistolaris, Coleridge's......... 101 Williams, A. Dallas. In Praise of Lincoln............ Turnbull, Mrs. Lawrence. The Royal Pawn of Venice.... 201 Williams, Egerton R. Plain Towns of Italy... Tyndale, Walter. Japan and the Japanese............. 101 Wister, Owen. The Virginian, illus. by Charles M. Russell. 479 Tyrell, J. B. Hearne's Journey....... "Women of the Bible,” new edition,.... 484 "Unity Hymns and Chorals." new edition..... 55 Woodhouse, S.C. English-Greek Dictionary........ 464 "Vados." The Belmont Book... 345 Woodruff, Clinton R. City Government by Commission.... Van Dyke, Henry. The Mansion....... 539 Woods, H. Charles. The Danger Zone of Europe......... 345 Van Dyke, Henry. The Sad Shepherd.. 539 Wright, Harold Bell. The Winning of Barbara Worth..... 199 Van Dyke, John C. What is Art?...... 133 Wroth, Lawrence C. Parson Weems.. 137 Venable. William Henry. A Buckeye Boyhood..... 206 Wylie, I. A. R. Dividing Waters....... 203 Wagner, Richard. My Life..... 10 Yeigh, Frank. Through the Heart of Canada........ 131 Walters, H. B. The Art of the Romans...... 534 | Yerkes, Robert M. Psychology. 301 402 297 401 475 466 347 MISCELLANEOUS 491 56 Allen, Elizabeth Akers, Death of..... | Japanese Translations of Western Classics.... Allen, Elizabeth Akers, The Poems of. Burton E. Lapland Literature, Beginnings of...... Stevenson.......... 189 Legislative Reference Library, The St. Louis..... Archæology, American School of ............ 83 Library-Report Illustration, A New Idea in........ " Autograph, The"........... 541 Massacbusetts Library Club, October Meeting of the.... Bascom, Dr. John - A Tribute. Julian Park.. 288 Occultism and Practical Life. Clara Henderson ...... Boy-Scout Literature, A Reading List of ........ 403 " Philadelphia Lawyer'-Origin of the Phrase. Isaac Bross Prize. The, of Lake Forest University..... 110 Pennypacker........... California County Free Library Law, The. Poetic Resemblances, More, S. V.Kidder.......... Catholic Books in the St Louis Public Library.. Poole, Dr., and Convict Indexes. W.I. Fletcher.. Chicago's Educational Facilities........ 401 Pyle, Howard, Death of.......... Civic Forum, The”........................................ 541 Reed, Myrtle, Death of....... College Professors, The Unfortunates among. “One of Riley, James Whitcomb. Gift of, to Indianapolis.... the Unfortunates".. 521 Russell, William Clark, Death of... Custom House, Literature and the George Haven Shakespeare Bibliography. The. A.G. Newcomer........ Putnam...... ......... 521 Shakespeare's “Merchant of Venice" in the Public De Morgan, William, on Himself. Asa Don Dickinson.... 9 Schools .................................................. Dewey Decimal System, Thirty-five Years of the........ 208 "Sherlock Holmes,” Another Forerunner of.. Dix, Edwin Asa, Death of...... 207 Slavery Question, Social Aspects of the, David Y. Thomas "Farm Colonies," A Bibliography on.. 348 * Statesmen of the Old South." William E. Dodd........ "First Folio” Editions of Shakespeare, The English and Texas State University, Plan for Endowment of............ American. B. R. W............... 247 Theatrical Experiments, The Chicago and New York. "Gettysburg." Captain Beecham's. A. C. McClurg & Co. Warwick James Price...... ..... Hath Books for the British Museum....... 303 Vocational Guidance, A Reading List on.......... Iceland, A Revival of Learning in. Lee M. Hollander.... 247 Woodberry Society for the Elevation of Literary Ideas, Idiom, Authority for a Disputed. William A. Brewer.... 331 Formation of....... Illinois University Library, List of Serials in.............. 491 “World Literature,” The Purpose of. R. G. Moulton..... Illustrations, Deceptive. C. F. Tucker Brooke..... 245 "World To-day, The,” Sale of..... Irish Theatre Society, The. E. K. D.... 521 | “Yale Review, The." New Series of.... 110 caw s a, Dedun Ol .... ........................... 330 189 1 THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Enformation. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage SCANDINAVIAN STUDY IN AMERICA. prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or Of the multiplication of societies, as of books, by erpress or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. there is no end. In these days of specialized Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current Humber. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub scholarship, the subject unit upon which organi- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com- zation is based tends to become smaller and munications should be addressed to smaller, while the method of study grows cor- THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. respondingly more intensive. It is not surpris- Entered as Second-Class Matfer October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. ing, then, that we should at last have a Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study to No. 601. JULY 1, 1911. Vol. LI. add to the existing number of scholarly organi- zations devoted to cultural interests. It is even CONTENTS. surprising that we should not have had such an organization long before, since Scandinavian SCANDINAVIAN STUDY IN AMERICA .... 3 study affords a comparatively wide field for CASUAL COMMENT investigation, and the degree of its interest - A national library for the blind. - A wail from the historical, archæological, philological, and liter- Sorbonne.-The Sir Boyle Roche of to-day.- A con- ary-offers unexpectedly broad vistas to those solation for artistic shortcomings.-An onslaught on the Philistines. – Taking one's fiction seriously. - who give it their serious attention. It is a A promising field for the book-wagon. – Another relatively untapped source of many-sided intel- foreign tribute to William James. – A sign of the lectual satisfaction, and we venture to say that times at Yale. – Dickens as remembered by his son. no one who has found his way to it has had -A midsummer symposium of librarians.-A poet's log cabin. – A triumph for spelling reform. – The cause to regret the adventure. painstaking “Lucas Malet." — The passing of a The army of tourists who every summer in- scholar and teacher. - Diaz the librarian.- Irving's vade the Scandinavian countries come back “Headless Horseman's Bridge.” fairly entranced with their experiences. They COMMUNICATIONS ............ 9 discover a region endowed with the elements William De Morgan on Himself. of scenic picturesqueness in infinite variety, and The Purpose of “World Literature." R.G. Moulton. make the acquaintance of a sturdy and self- More Poetic Resemblances. S. V. Kidder. respecting people who welcome the traveller WAGNER'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. George P. Upton 10 | and do not prey upon him. They discover a A NEW TEXT OF POE'S POEMS. Killis Campbell 13 second “ playground of Europe” which vies in attractiveness with the Alpine country which MEMOIRS OF A CONFEDERATE BRIGADIER. has hitherto laid exclusive claim to that title. James M. Garnett . . ......... 15 And if to the surface observation of the tourist CURRENTS OF THE SOCIAL UNDERWORLD. they add something of the temper of the student, Charles Richmond Henderson . ...... 16 supplementing their visual impressions with the SIXTY YEARS OF A MAN'S LIFE, Percy F. impressions to be gained from books, they find Bicknell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 themselves inhabitants of a new world of in- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. terest. The elements of that interest include The warfare on carriers of disease. – Human-sense a rich treasure of mythology and legendary lore, and horse-sense in coöperation. - Colonel Roosevelt a history that reveals the old Norseman in the as seen through German glasses. - A not unworthy most dramatic enterprises and contacts—in the successor of the “Autocrat.” -- Getting nervous through fear of pervousness.-Italian travels, artistic British Isles and Russia, in Viking raids on the and sociological. - Foremost of the Republics of coast of southern Europe, in Norman and Sicil- South America. The play and the book. ian settlements, in expeditions to Athens, BRIEFER MENTION, ........... Micklegarth, and the Holy Land, in the suc- cessive discoveries of Iceland, Greenland, and NOTES . ................ Vinland, an archæology of which only those TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS . ...... who have visited the great museums at Stock- LIST OF NEW BOOKS ............ 24 | holm and Copenhagen can have any adequate THE DIAL [July 1, idea, a language simple, strong, and illuminative George T. Flom. We cite a few interesting of its allied tongues, and, last but not least, a facts from this paper. The first Scandinavian literature that, in its range from the eddas and professorship in America was established in sagas to the works of Björnson and Ibsen, ex 1858, in New York University, with Paul hibits almost every variety of material and Sinding as its incumbent, and it lasted for of charm. three years. The next date of importance is Most cultivated people have a fragmentary | 1869, when chairs were established in Wiscon- knowledge of these things, but few have brought sin and Cornell. In 1880, Columbia was them into any satisfactory system of relations. added to the list, and eight more institutions Such an arrangement and synthesis as might during the following decade. The decade be worked out upon the basis of the above sug 1891-1900 made the total number twenty-one, gestions, if presented in suitably artistic form, and the twentieth century has increased that would open very wide many American eyes number to thirty-seven. Of this present pum- that have hitherto caught only occasional ber, ten are in the East, six in the far West, glimpses of the Scandinavian world of legend, and the remaining twenty-one in the Central history, and culture. It is because the new States. Something like one hundred and society of which we are now writing may be twenty courses are now offered in all. The counted upon to do much toward the accom philological courses still preponderate, but the plishment of this desirable revelation that we modern courses are steadily gaining. The con- welcome its advent into the field of scholarship. trast between East and West is instructively Its organization was effected during a two days' illustrated by the following paragraph. session held in Chicago a little more than a “In the East the work was fostered by men who were month ago. About forty persons were actually inspired by love of the literature and the learning of present, and the names of nearly twice that Old Iceland, and this emphasis upon the older literature number are already on the roll of membership. has prevailed in the Scandinavian instruction of the Eastern universities down to the present time. As a A constitution was adopted, officers and com- result of this, Old Norse language and literature has mittees were elected, many interesting papers won for itself something like a tradition among Ger- were read, and arrangements were made for manic scholars there; its place is as secure as that of such publications as the means of the organiza- Gothic and Old High German in the requirements for a higher degree in Germanics. In the West the point tion may make possible. We are particularly y of departure was the modern period, a modern language, glad that the name first suggested — “The and the instructors in charge have in nearly all cases Scandinavian Philological Society of America" | been of Scandinavian nationality. The older period, —was not fastened upon the organization. The however, gradually came to receive a larger share of word “philological ” would have been unfortu- attention in the West, until now nearly all the institu- tions also offer Old Norse, and some of them actually nate, not because it is inherently inapplicable give more instruction in the older periods than is given to a society of the widest scope, but because its in any of the Eastern schools. And in the Eastern popular associations are such as to repel rather group there has been offered an increasing number of than to attract many persons whose support it courses upon the modern languages and literatures of is desirable to enlist. While linguistic and the Scandinavian North.” historical studies of a minutely technical char- Those whose interests in this field are acter form a legitimate part of the work to be primarily concerned with the literature of the done, we trust that they will never be permitted Scandinavian countries will welcome the ap- to obscure its far more important cultural or pointment of a Committee on Translations, humanistic aspects. To tag the society as whose function it is to encourage in every way “philological” would be to create a prejudice possible the reproduction in English of Scan- against it from the start. Concerning the dinavian works. We say “ literature” rather alternative name suggested, it seems to us too than “ literatures " advisedly, because to the long, and the word “advancement” might well outsider the literatures are practically one, and be left to be understood. Such a name as The their differences of language seem little more Society for Scandinavian Studies would give significant than the differences between High offense to none, and would meet all the needs | and Low German, or between Spanish and of the case. Catalonian, or between Italian and Sicilian. The slender pamphlet which reports the pro- There is, moreover, a stategic point to be gained ceedings of the May session has for its special by urging this view, because Scandinavian liter- feature a sketch of the history of Scandinavianature, if considered as a unit, may fairly be study in American universities, by Professor | held the equal in importance of any other 1911.] THE DIAL modern literature, always excepting the three to their doors without charge, as soon as the books which clearly outrank the rest. That is, Scan themselves are to be had from any library for the dinavian literature may fairly be weighed in the blind. But popular support, and government sup- balance with Italian, or Spanish, or Russian, port, will be necessary in generous measure before with some doubt as to which scale will fall ; the large possibilities of the new undertaking can whereas Danish, or Swedish, or Norwegian liter- be realized. ature, considered by itself, can lay claim to a A WAIL FROM THE SORBONNE has been ut- place in the third rank only, along with Dutch tered by two students writing over the signature and Polish and Hungarian. Once get the public “ Agathon,” in loud complaint of the recent decline in classical culture at that famous seat of learn- to realize that it is culturally as desirable (or ing. As a Paris correspondent of the New York would be were it not for Dante and Cervantes) “Evening Post” puts it, “ Agathon finds in the to know Scandinavian literature as it is to know · Palace of the New Sorbonne no stronghold of Italian or Spanish, and the battle is more than traditional French culture, no intelligent interpre- half won. And to bring about this realization tation of the seventeenth-century classics, no leaven nothing is more important than that we should of Greek and Roman thought for the modern world. have access to good translations of a great On the contrary, he meets in every corridor a horde many more masterpieces than are at present of Germanic, socialistic, pseudo-scientific influences, available in the English language. transforming the institution into an arid desert where nothing flourishes but the cactus of bibliog- raphy and the aloe of card-indexes. The subjects of study are split into an infinity of specialized CASUAL COMMENT. chapters, so small and so narrow as to have no A NATIONAL LIBRARY FOR THE BLIND, where | real educational value. It is merely the dust of edu- the best current literature can be had, is likely to cation.'” Not the Sorbonne, however, nor any one become an actuality at Washington. There was educational institution, should be severely blamed organized in that city a few days ago an association for the recent decline from former high standards of philanthropists to be known as the Society of the of culture in France. There have been lamentations National Library for the Blind, which proposes to heard from other quarters, as already noted by us, erect a large building in Washington for the use of , and they all owe their origin to the so-called reforms blind readers, for the preparation and preservation of ten years ago in the department of education - of texts in raised type, and for the widest possible | reforms that indicate the shifting of power in the circulation of these books among those needing them. | French Chamber of Deputies toward the extreme Mr. Thomas Nelson Page is the president of the Left. Ultra-democracy is in the saddle, and the society and will write the first book to be printed steed is headed toward the practical, the tangible, by it for sightless readers. Miss Etta Joselyn and the utilitarian. What is most urgently de- Giffin, for many years head of the “blind " depart manded at present, as a writer in the “Temps” has ment of the Congressional Library, was chosen expressed it, is “less of the utilitarian fever and director ; and Rev. Dr. Henry Noble Couden, the more of the human ideal.” blind chaplain of the House of Representatives, will serve the Society in the same ministerial capacity. THE SIR BOYLE ROCHE OF TO-DAY is as rich in This new association is just now especially needed laughter-provoking absurdities of political oratory because of the recent cessation of the Congressional as was he of the eighteenth century. It was not Library's activities for the blind, Mr. Putnam hav. very many years ago that an Assemblyman at ing decided last October that such work did not Albany rose to address the house with the assertion properly belong to the Library, whereupon its books, that the previous speaker had used “the word sheet music, etc., for the blind were transferred to parsimony' as a shibboleth with which to beat the the District of Columbia Library, which could only laboring man.” Of course .shillalah’ was what give its basement to their reception. Accordingly, the speaker had in his mind's eye; but ‘shibboleth' a special building, partly self-supporting by means had an air of greater erudition and elegance. A of a large auditorium that it will contain and will certain Irish Unionist recently characterized a con- rent for lectures and other entertainments, is what cession to the Nationalists as “the first stitch in the new society most needs and hopes soon to have. the dismemberment of the Empire.” Sir W. Hart And then, let us hope, it may be possible to respond | Dyke is said to have complimented Mr. Lowther satisfactorily to the pathetic appeal of a Boston blind by saying that the latter “had caught a big fish in man who recently asked : “Why cannot we have a his net-and he went to the top of the tree for it.” few of the healthy wide-awake novels of the present Even so skilful a speaker as Mr. Gladstone is day, such as our brothers are reading, and everybody reported to have said, in replying to an opponent is talking about?” Eighty thousand blind persons in who had shaken his head in denial of some state- the United States feel, or ought to feel, this want; | ment attributed to him: “No, no; it will not do and the mail service will bring the desired books for the honorable member to shake his head in the THE DIAL [July 1, teeth of his own words.” And the present Prime mental accomplishments for the entertainment of Minister of England has to his credit the remark guests, made exultant answer to an inquiry as to that “retribution is a thorny subject which requires what he could do : “I can squeak my shoe!” Our delicate handling, or it will tread on somebody's achievements in science and industry, considerable toes.” Still another, from the Manchester “Guard though they are, are not precisely what we should ian,” to which we are already indebted : “ An point to in any international comparison of literary empty theatre of unsympathetic auditors” was a or artistic genius ; young though we are, we have Unionist member's emphatic characterization of a other and less material products to be proud of. small and unapplausive audience. It is a question for the psychologist to puzzle over, whether the AN ONSLAUGHT ON THE PHILISTINES has been perpetrator of bulls — quick-witted Irishman as he made by that distinguished psychologist and father so often is — really blunders with his metaphors of an infant prodigy, Dr. Boris Sidis. His little and is unconscious of his verbal absurdities, or book, “ Philistine and Genius,” will serve as a sort whether it is not rather his embarrassment of of counterblast against the recent much larger book rhetorical riches and his impatience of the time of the Chicago manufacturer, Mr. Crane, who ap- and care needed to display them to the best | parently has as little use for polite culture as Dr. advantage that are the cause of his occasional com- | Sidis has for the bread-and-butter or vocational mission of what the rhetoricians would call apophasis courses now in the ascendant. The one would have or paraleipsis, or, in some instances, oxymoron. our educational system still further commercialized; Perhaps it is the laughers themselves who are | the other deplores its already too pronounced utili- sometimes dull. Surely, if the greatest of Roman tarian tendency. “It is certainly unfortunate," says orators could allow himself to say, as he did in his Dr. Sidis, “that the favored type of superintendent second oration against Catiline, “Quæ tecum ... of our public education should be such a hopeless tacita loquitur," a public speaker of to-day ought philistine, possessed of all the conceit of the mediocre to be allowed some latitude in the use of phrases business man. Routine is his ideal. Originality is that are now and then all the more telling because spurned and suppressed.” And further, hitting at of their seeming self-contradiction or their depic | educators somewhat higher up than public school tion of the manifestly impossible. superintendents, he declares that“ business men are no more competent to run schools and colleges than A CONSOLATION FOR ARTISTIC SHORTCOMINGS in astronomers are fit to run hotels and theatres.” If this land of the strenuous life is cheerfully pointed it be indeed true that we are rapidly becoming “a out by Mrs. Kate Douglas Wiggin in her recent crowd of well-drilled, well-disciplined, commonplace address at the Women Writers' Coronation Dinner individuals, with strong philistine habits and notions in London. “I insist,” she says, “upon finding of hopeless mediocrity," then there is cause for inspiration for one thing in England, for another alarm, and crying need of such awakening calls to in France, for another in my own native air. The higher things as is sounded in trumpet tones by Dr. attitude of mind I have always believed in, is to Sidis's book. The danger of routine, of institution- answer, when anybody says how ugly Mrs. Blank's | alism, of subservience to convention, and of all like nose is, ' yes, but hasn't she a lovely complexion!' | forms of torpidity and living death, is an ever-present Must I hang my head because we are not pro- one; and even if not quite so imminent and alarming ducing great poets in America? I won't deny that just now as the eloquent author believes, yet such I should like a great poet in the family better than utterances as his are seldom untimely. anything in the world; but I refuse to be dis- couraged about the situation, knowing that the TAKING ONE'S FICTION SERIOUSLY — that is, with national imagination is spending itself in this half something of the earnestness and eagerness of a century in invention, in research, in momentous child listening to a fairy tale — is indispensable to enterprises. We do not rebuke the Elizabethan the hearty enjoyment of a novel and to entire ab- age for not having busied itself with telephones and sorption in its pages. Commenting on the recent wireless telegraphs, phonographs, turbine steamers, establishment of a professorship of fiction by the cancer hospitals, and open plumbing, but gratefully Royal Society of Literature, and on the appointment accept the rich heritage we did receive at its of Mr. Arthur Christopher Benson to be its first in- hands.” Nevertheless anyone would feel prouder cumbent, the London “Times” cordially approves to have produced a Ninth Symphony than the of the move, which it hopes will tend to make the gramophone on which it is mechanically repro- English cherish greater respect for the novelist's art duced, and to have written a “ Tintern Abbey" and to regard it with somewhat of the seriousness than to have built the highest skyscraper in the | accorded to it in France. That a professorship of world. Mrs. Wiggin's consolatory words remind fiction can produce fiction-writers of genius, is not us — though the story is not quite apropos, and the hoped for ; but that it can make fiction-readers of illustration is not exactly just - of a certain small discrimination and of more exalted ideals than those boy, the least gifted of three children, who, when at present held by the mass of English devotees to the others were exhibiting their vocal and instru- | the novel and the short-story, is expected with some 1911.] THE DIAL confidence. And yet if it is true that the English | Boutroux's little book is written by one who knew already are too much inclined to take their pleasure and loved William James in his lifetime, and was sadly, and if it is also true, as the “Times” admits, well able to understand the significance of his that they do not feel the Frenchman's keen delight friend's services to humanity, it should find many in a novel for the simple sake of the story and the readers in this country, and indeed deserves to be charm of its telling, but are even yet too fond of the translated and republished here -- a congenial task moralizing or the didactic or the otherwise purpose for some one of the master's many disciples. His concealing novel of the Kingsley or Reade type, French admirer dwells especially on the harmony how can they, by any amount of taking-thought between James the savant and author, and James under the tuition of a professor of fiction, add the the man. “ As he talked, so he wrote," and to him, smallest fraction of a cubit unto their stature as if to anyone, could be applied the words of Pascal: lovers of pure romance? Not tuition, but intuition, “ It is delightful, when one expects to see an would seem to be lacking. Nevertheless, to a man author, to find a man.” of genius, even though tied to a professor's chair, all things are possible; and it is with interest and A SIGN OF THE TIMES AT YALE — the college with hopes for good results that we shall watch the founded two hundred and ten years ago by ten Con- course pursued by Professor Benson. necticut parsons for the education in godly learning of worthy young men, many of whom as almost a A PROMISING FIELD FOR THE BOOK-WAGON lies matter of course turned their academic training to open, and as yet, so far as we know, uninvaded, in the service of religion, and a considerable number Vermont. In the few regions in which it has been of whom made a name for themselves in some de- tried elsewhere — and conspicuously in Washing- partment of literature — is the now threatened pre- ton County, Maryland — the library on wheels has ponderance of the scientific department, or Sheffield proved a success. Agricultural and intellectual Scientific School, over the department of arts and Vermont, with its toiling population, little more letters. At the recent commencement, the latter than that of the single city of Cincinnati, scattered | did indeed graduate a few more students than the over nine thousand square miles of mountain and | former ; but next year the tables will be turned, as valley, could make good use of at least fourteen the class of 1912 numbers at present but two hun- well-stocked book-wagons — one for each county. | dred and seventy-six members in the academic or It is true that of the State's two hundred and literary section, against three hundred and twenty- forty-six cities and townships, one hundred and seven in the Sheffield School. So unmistakably has seventy-nine (or possibly a few more now) have the complexion of the times changed since the Rev. public libraries, while seventeen of the less fortunate Abraham Pierson of Killingworth, the first Rector minority have travelling-library stations ; but there of the “Collegiate School of Connecticut,” received must still be thousands of families too far distant | into his home a few youths of promise in the year from book collections of any sort to be able to get | 1701, fifteen years before the official seat of said sight of an attractive work of literature from year's school was changed from Saybrook to New Haven, end to year's end. To such, the book-wagon - or and seventeen years before its name became the one why might it not now be the speedier book now known around the world. automobile?- would be a heaven-sent blessing, a glad distraction in the soul-deadening monotony of DICKENS AS REMEMBERED BY HIS SON, Mr. Alfred Tennyson Dickens, is likely in the near New England farm life, and the spiritual salvation future to be the subject of some interesting lectures of many. At a recent conference of Vermont librarians at Northfield, one of the speakers pointed in this country. The son, who has been living in out the need of the book-wagon in the Green Moun- Australia for forty years, contemplates visiting America ; and if his visit and his public talks on tain State, as one of the most efficient methods of | his father should fall in the centennial year of the counteracting the stagnation or retrogression which latter's birth, there would be a peculiar timeliness loyal sons of Vermont have lately been lamenting. and probably an assured monetary success in the ANOTHER FOREIGN TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM JAMES plan that might combine to render the younger takes the form of a book on his personality and Dickens's impressions of our country and its people his service to science, from the pen of M. Emile somewhat more favorable than were the elder's. Boutroux, psychologist of note and member of the Among his auditors, too, there would perhaps be French Institute. Highly as Professor James was at least a sprinkling of those who had listened to rated by many of his fellow-countrymen, he was his famous father in his American reading tour of held in still higher esteem abroad. Professor forty-four years ago.... Royce has told of the eagerness with which the A MIDSUMMER SYMPOSIUM OF LIBRARIANS from members of European and international conven- all parts of Wisconsin and the neighboring States tions of philosophers demanded to see and hear has been plar.ned for the two weeks from July 12 “ Veelliam Shames"; and his death was followed to July 26, under the direction of the Wisconsin by notable appreciative and laudatory reviews of Library Commission. The quarters of the Wiscon- his life-work in foreign scientific journals. As M. I sin Library School at Madison will be the scene of THE DIAL [July 1, this conference, to which all interested in its dis and versatil Tresurer,” at which “abundant streams cussions are invited. A promising list of topics of wit and humor gusht forth.” In the language of for lecture and debate has been prepared, and if that pioneer of reformed spelling, Artemus Ward, this is not enough to whet the intellectual appetite “let her gush!” ... there are other attractions in the programme of the THE PAINSTAKING “LUCAS MALET” has won University Summer Session at the same time and for herself, by giving so much time and care to her place. A leaflet giving details of subjects and rarely-appearing novels, a position of some distinc- speakers for the library conference has been tion in literature. That she is, in real life, Mrs. printed, and this, with any further information St. Leger Harrison and daughter of Charles King- desired, may be had by applying to Miss Mary E. sley, is well-known ; that she has for four years Hazeltine, of the Wisconsin Library Commission, been engaged on a novel to be called “ Adrian at Madison. The remoteness of Pasadena from Savage," which her readers hope to see published the centre of American library activity made it in the Autumn, may not be so well known. It is impossible for some hitherto constant attendants at described as a study of character rather than a the A. L. A. conference to be present at this year's narrative of events, and as treating certain recent gathering, and it is hoped that this Madison con- developments in religious thought, in art, and in vention will partly make good their loss, especially the position of women. The hero is a young Anglo- for librarians in the Middle West. Frenchman of literary tastes and pursuits, and A POET'S LOG CABIN has been one of the less some will be glad to be told in advance that his conspicuous sights of Washington, D.C., ever since fortunes have a happy rather than an unhappy Joaquin Miller, now seventy years old and confined issue. Mrs. Harrison not unnaturally expects this to a sick-bed in his California hillside home, built product of her four or more years of labor to be and occupied it almost forty years ago because be her masterpiece. That it will be a strong book, as found himself uncomfortable in a house of the coming from the pen that wrote “Sir Richard conventional pattern and with the conventional Calmady,” is almost a foregone conclusion ; but domestic equipment. On the high land near Six. that it will not go to certain extremes (we will call teenth Street and Florida Avenue, on a piece of them extremes of “realism”) attained in that ground now owned by our ambassador to France, powerful story, is a hope entertained by some of us. the songster of the Sierras found pure air and an THE PASSING OF A SCHOLAR AND TEACHER unobstructed view in those early journalistic days of his exceedingly varied life, long before the wealth like Hiram Corson, professor emeritus of English and fashion of the capital city had discovered, as it literature at Cornell University, who died on the fifteenth of June, in his eighty-fourth year, is a now has, that no finer sites than such a one as the loss that cannot easily be made good. It is forty- eccentric writer had chosen could be desired for one years since Professor Corson was called to their suburban mansions. But this discovery of course means that the Joaquin Miller cabin must Ithaca as professor of rhetoric and oratory, and for thirty-three of those years he was in active go; and accordingly the California State Society service as teacher of various allied subjects in the of the city of Washington has taken steps to remove the structure to Rock Creek Park, where it is English department of the university. That he hoped it will long be preserved as a characteristic was an inspiring instructor no one can doubt who memento of its one-time distinguished occupant. came under his personal influence or who has read any of his various works in interpretation of the A TRIUMPH FOR SPELLING REFORM is announced great poets. His “Primer of English Verse,” by the “Simplified Spelling Bulletin ” in the con published nearly twenty years ago, is widely known version of the “ Ladies Home Journal” to the cause; and valued, as are also his studies in Tennyson and the “ Bulletin ” has “herd a rumor" of other and Browning, which are said to have been com- cheering conquests. The prospects regarding mended by the poets themselves. He wrote much “Milwaukee spelling” are reported as encouraging, for the periodical press, and his contributions to and the cause is making headway in Canada among THE DIAL were always welcome. papers “ hitherto hostil” to the idea. It appears that the established method of spelling makes DIAZ THE LIBRARIAN is far less known to the English "a foren tung," and the only cure is to | world than Diaz the soldier and the ruler of Mexico. have “every word sounded as it is speld ”_a Yet for a time, when he was pursuing his law stu- reform which ought to be easy for a movement dies at the Oaxaca Law Institute, he held the office which has “ all the sense and all the lerning ”on its of Librarian of the Institute, being appointed to it side. Among other entertaining matter in the by the governor of the district at a critical moment “offishal organ ” of the Simplified Spelling Board in the young man's arduous course of self-training is an account of a dinner recently given in New for higher destinies. Without this timely aid from York, at which“condenst items were red,” and the | Governor Juarez, Porfirio Diaz would have been “ catalog of vittles” was “intersperst” with wise | sorely pressed to find the means to defray the ex- and witty remarks, notably those of “the lerned penses of his law course. It was the same friendly 1911.] THE DIAL intercession that secured for him some rudimentary De M. was my mother; the fairy stories were by my instruction in the military school at Oaxaca. Li. sister Mary De M. I never spoke to Tennyson in my brarianship as a stepping stone to the presidency of life -- worse luck! And had only the privilege of mere one's country is certainly out of the ordinary. acquaintance with Swinburne. Carlyle was a neighbor and I saw him fairly frequently. IRVING'S “HEADLESS HORSEMAN'S BRIDGE” in I have in vain besought many interviewers to invent the heart of Sleepy Hollow will soon be rebuilt as a whatever they like about me, but not to bother me for memorial to the author who made it famous. Mr. data. What earthly use is a substratum of fact? William Rockefeller has offered to give ten thousand It is no use correcting the story that the MS. of J. V. was typed after a publisher had rejected it! I never dollars toward the construction of a bridge of granite trust a MS. out of hands till it exists in duplicate. and steel to perpetuate the memory of Washington But I have no time to write at my full length. So Irving, - or, rather, he has offered to defray the en must thank you again heartily for sending me your tire cost of such a memorial himself; but the people paper, and remain. Yours v'y gratefully, of Tarrytown apparently wish to have a hand in the WILLIAM DE MORGAN. meritorious undertaking, and a popular subscription has been started there. Thus is our broad land slowly THE PURPOSE OF “WORLD LITERATURE." but surely becoming dotted with memorials that shall | (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) erelong relieve the nakedness of its traditionless youth, May I point out an apparent misconception as to the even though for many years still we shall continue to purpose of my work on “World Literature” in the cross the ocean for a sight of ancient and mediæval current issue of your journal? The writer (page 480) ruins. describes the work as too erudite “for the class of readers for whom the book is intended," and a few lines further on seems to imply that the class for whom COMMUNICATIONS. it is intended is “ Reading Clubs and Chautauquas.” The argument of the Preface is that “such World WILLIAM DE MORGAN ON HIMSELF. Literature belongs to every stage of culture, from the (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) most elementary to the most advanced”; and the sec- Some time since I prepared a paper on William De tion of the book on “ The Place of World Literature in Morgan for our college faculty club, “ The Wranglers." Education” is mainly occupied with its application to A few weeks ago a copy of this effusion was forwarded the curricula of universities. A misconception of the to Mr. De Morgan, and I have been made happy by scope of the work emanating from so influential a source the receipt of a letter which I append, as some parts as THE DIAL might seriously limit the chances of the of it will certainly interest all good and true De book's obtaining the attention of the classes for whom Morganites. Asa Don DICKINSON. it is intended. R. G. MOULTON. State College of Washington, June 18, 1911. University of Chicago, June 23, 1911. 127 Church St., Chelsea, S. W., June 1, 1911. DEAR MR. DICKINSON :- Your valuable and valued MORE POETIC RESEMBLANCES. notice of my performances had the narrowest escape of (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) never being read by its subject! For it came to the The comparison of verses by W. G. Brown and Emily above address during my winter absence in Italy, which Dickinson, as printed in THE DIAL of May 16 and June has only just come to an end—it has included spring- 16, to which attention was called by a correspondent in and was shovelled by my caretaker here into a hideous the last issue, reminds me that I have a third counter- mass of enclosures, chiefly advertisements, which are part to offer. It is a waif, and authorless, so far as I awaiting my examination — and I hope I may find know. It was printed on a torn newspaper fragment something else only half as interesting as your paper! I once picked up on revisiting an old camping spot in You are quite right in accounting J. Vance my best Wisconsin overlooking the Sugar River. work, and I am satisfied that it will remain so. The conditions under which it was written can never recur. GRATITUDE. I am encumbered now not only with my rapports with If a pilgrim has been shadowed criticism, but — even more — by the constant question, By a tree that I have nursed, “ Have I or have I not written all this before ?” My If a cup of clear cold water I have raised to lips athirst, memory of what I have written is unsound, and it does If I've planted one sweet flower not do for a writer to repeat himself. By an else too barren way, There are one or two points resulting from news- If I've whispered, in the midnight, paper enthusiasm for making statements that have One sweet word to tell of day, crept into your text. I wish I had time to go through If in one poor bleeding bosom it with correction and send you the result. Just one I a woe-swept chord have stilled, or two things I will mention. My Frend grandfather If one dark and restless spirit certainly never endeavored to suppress the “rebellion” I with hope of heaven have filled, If I've made, for life's hard battle, in the States. Catch him at it! He was an incarnate One faint heart grow brave and strong, rebel himself. My father was not born on an island off Then, my God, I thank Thee, bless Thee, Java, but at Madura, in the Madras Presidency. The For the precious gift of song. story of Campbell De M. forgetting people's names Does anyone know the author of this piece ? is owing to confusing him with another relation, of whom I must have told the story. Sophia Elizabeth McGregor, Iowa, June 20, 1911. S. V. KIDDER. THE DIAL [July 1, truth about this decisive night. I voluntarily confessed The New Books. my sin, in having utilised her pension, sparing no detail. She folded her hands and thanked God for His mercy, and forth with regarded me as saved, believing it im- WAGNER'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY.* possible for me ever to commit such a crime again. To the voluminous bibliography of Richard “And, truth to tell, gambling had lost all fascination for me from that moment. The world, in which I had Wagner including a legion of titles, to the six- moved like one demented, suddenly seemed stripped of volume official biography of the composer by all interest or attraction. My rage for gambling had Glasenapp, the ten volumes of his own writings, already made me quite indifferent to the usual student's and the twelve volumes of his letters to pub- vanities, and when I was freed from this passion also, | I suddenly found myself face to face with an entirely lishers and friends, is now added his autobiog- new world. raphy in two bulky volumes, under the simple “To this world I belonged henceforth : it was the title“ My Life.” The genesis and development world of real and serious musical study, to which I now of these volumes are of unusual interest. They devoted myself heart and soul.” cover his life and career from 1813 to 1864, Equally frank is he in describing his duellistic based upon notes and a diary kept after 1835, encounters, his early love affairs, the details of and now appear after forty years of silence. which show that his love-making was decidedly They were dictated, in 1873, to Cosima, the practical rather than romantic, and his early daughter of Liszt, who was married to Wagner, attempts at writing poems and dramas of the after her divorce from Von Bülow, in 1869. As most turgid and sensational sort, which greatly Wagner died in 1883, the story of his life there- distressed his mother and frequently exposed fore has remained untold for nineteen years. him to the ridicule of friends and relatives. Twelve copies of the book were printed forty | At last, however, Wagner found himself. years ago, four of which were given to intimate Among the occasional visitors to the house was friends and eight to Cosima, with the under- | Weber, of whom we have this picture : standing that they should not be made public. « Weber's really refined, delicate, and intellectual until a stated time after Wagner's death. It appearance excited my ecstatic admiration. His nar- is to be regretted that he did not tell the whole row face and finely cat features, his vivacious though story, for the omitted portion includes his rela- often half closed eyes, captivated and thrilled me; while even the bad limp with which he walked, and tions with Ludwig, his royal patron, and his which I often noticed from our windows when the mas- domestic life with Cosima, to both of whom the ter was making his way home past our house from the barest reference is made. On reading this in fatiguing rehearsals, stamped the great musician in my teresting and at times fascinating autobiog- imagination as an exceptional and almost superhuman being. When, as a boy of nine, my mother introduced raphy, one cannot help wishing Wagner had me to him, and he asked me what I was going to be, told the story of his relations with Ludwig as whether I wanted perhaps to be a musician, my mother circumstantially as he has told that of his youth told him that, though I was indeed quite mad on and early manhood, and that of his life with • Freischütz,' yet she had as yet seen nothing in me Cosima as intimately and frankly as he has which indicated any musical talent.” described his experiences with the unfortunate Weber's music made the first appeal to Wagner. Minna Planer, his first wife, and his alleged He says: “ • Der Freischütz’in particular ap- platonic friendship with Mme. Wesendonck. pealed very strongly to my imagination mainly The story of Wagner's early life is one of on account of its gbostly theme. The emotions the most interesting portions of the autobiog- of terror and the dread of ghosts formed quite raphy. He frankly confesses his dissipations, | an important factor in the development of my quarrels, and youthful horseplay, “the outward mind.” He never lost his reverence for that ugliness and inward emptiness of which make great master and father of German music. me marvel to this day.” He makes no conceal After Weber's death (1826), an event which ment of his early passion for gambling, and the greatly distressed Wagner, he came under the dishonest use of his mother's pension, of which influence of Beethoven, of whom and his music he was trustee, at the gaming table. By good he says : fortune he won this money back. He never “It was now Beethoven's music that I longed to gambled again. He contritely says: know more thoroughly; I came to Leipzig and found his music to · Egmont' on the piano at my sister Louisa's. “No sense of shame deterred me from telling my After that I tried to get hold of his sonatas. At last, mother, to whom I presented her money, the whole at a concert at the Gewandhaus, I heard one of the * MY LIFE. By Richard Wagner. In two volumes, master's symphonies for the first time; it was the sym- with portraits. Authorized translation from the German. phony in A major. The effect on me was indescribable. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. | To this must be added the impression produced on me 1911.] 11 THE DIAL by Beethoven's features, which I saw in the lithographs have been interesting to have his critical esti- that were circulated everywhere at that time, and by mate of his contemporaries : but he only alludes the fact that he was deaf, and lived a quiet, secluded life. I soon conceived an image of him in my mind as to a few, and briefly at that. He expresses a sublime and unique supernatural being, with whom generous appreciation of Mendelssohn, but is none could compare. This image was associated in my somewhat indifferent toward Schumann. He brain with that of Shakespeare; in ecstatic dreams I was inclined to think that met both of them, saw and spoke to them, and on “ Halévy was simply a man whose youthful talent awakening found myself bathed in tears." was only stimulated to achieve one great success with It was Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, however, the object of becoming rich . . . Only once did Halévy rather than the music of “ Egmont” or the speak to me with real candor, when, on my tardy de- A Major Symphony, which made the deepest parture for Germany, he wished me the success he impression upon the young Wagner. He writes: thought my works deserved.” “Beethoven's Ninth Symphony became the mystical | Of Spontini's conducting, he says: goal of all my strange thoughts and desires about “Spontini's method was based upon the absolutely music. I was first attracted to it by the opinion prev- | correct system (which even at the present time is mis- alent among musicians, not only in Leipzig but else understood by some German orchestras) of spreading where, that this work had been written by Beethoven the string quartette over the whole orchestra. This when he was already half mad. It was considered the system further consisted in preventing the brass and non plus ultra of all that was fastastic and incompre percussion instruments from culminating in one point hensible, and this was quite enough to rouse in me a (and drowning each other) by dividing them on both passionate desire to study this mysterious work. At sides, and by placing the more delicate wind instruments the very first glance at the score, of which I obtained at a judicious distance from each other, thus forming a possession with much difficulty, I felt irresistibly at chain between the violins." tracted by the long-sustained pure fifths with which the first phrase opens: these chords, which, as I have For a long time he entertained a dislike for related above, had played such a supernatural part in Berlioz, and pronounced him a vulgar time- my childish impressions of music, seemed in this case beater ; but a performance of the “Symphonie to form a spiritual keynote of my life.” Funèbre et Triomphale "convinced him of the Years afterward, the Ninth Symphony and greatness and enterprise of this incomparable Schröder- Devrient's singing in “ Fidelio” artist.” The overpowering brass effects in this aroused in Wagner the ambition to compose composition evidently attracted him. He wasted something which would give him a similar sat no love upon Meyerbeer or his music, though isfaction. He says : Meyerbeer was very good to him when he was “ In this mood I sketched an overture to · Faust' | in dire straits in Paris. When Wagner first which, according to my original scheme, was only to saw “ The Prophet,” he got up in the middle form the first part of a whole Faust Symphony, as I of an act and left the house. “I was filled had already got the "Gretchen'idea in my head for the second movement. This is the same composition that with rage and despair at the thought that I I re-wrote in several parts fifteen years later; I had should be called upon to listen to such a thing, forgotten all about it, and I owed its reconstruction to and never again did I pay the slightest beed to the advice of Liszt, who gave me many valuable hints." this opera." He pays a left-handed compliment One more influence, and a powerful one, to Gounod after the failure of his own “ Tann- which came into Wagner's young life is thus hauser ” in Paris : referred to: “ With Gounod alone did I still continue on friendly "I came across Mozart's • Requiem' which formed terms, and I heard that he energetically championed my the starting point of my enthusiastic absorption in the cause in society. He is said on one occasion to have ex- works of that master. His second finale to · Don Juan' claimed: · Que Dieu me donne une pareille chute!' As inspired me to include him in my spirit world. I was an acknowledgment of this advocacy I presented him now filled with a desire to compose, as I had before with the score of · Tristan und Isolde,' being all the been to write verse . . . My future distinction would more gratified by his behaviour because no feeling of be to win the titles of conductor and writer of operas.” friendship had ever been able to induce me to hear his Thus early did Wagner forecast his future. • Faust.'' Space does not allow even the sketching of It is astonishing to read Wagner's only allusion Wagner's musical career or the great results to Brahms. Did he, like Schumann, recognize which he accomplished. Indeed, these volumes in him another musical Messiah, and “ new add but little to what is already known of paths"? On the eve of a concert in Vienna, Wagner as a composer. The story is so Wagrer needed copyists. Tausig mentioned familiar that many of the pages devoted to it Brahms, “recommending him as a “ very good are dry and monotonous, though they give us fellow,'who, although he was so famous himself, interesting glimpses of the master in his work- would willingly take over a part of their [the shop and of his constructive methods. It would | other copyists') work, and a selection from the 12 [July 1, THE DIAL me." • Meistersinger' was accordingly allotted to him. ment in the landlady's garden, where he was And, indeed, Brahms's behaviour proved un- | buried with his basket and cushions. Four assuming and good-natured, but he showed little years later, Wagner revisited the spot, but vivacity and was often hardly noticed at our found no trace of his “ little friend's ” grave, gatherings." much to his regret. As already said, the Autobiography throws | The Autobiography is replete with Wag- little new light upon Wagner the musician. ner's wretched experiences with Minna. They His multitude of friends and his equal multi- quarrelled up to the hour of the wedding ; they tude of enemies have taken good care that came near quarrelling during the ceremony; posterity shall know him from that point of they quarrelled ever after like cat and dog. He view, though it may be affirmed that the accuses her of infidelity, and intimates that “ music of the future” is the music of the Netta, whom she passed off as her sister, was present, the impressionists and ultra-modernists in reality her own daughter. She did not to the contrary notwithstanding. Taken as a understand him nor sympathize with him. He whole, however, we get a good impression of says: Wagner the man. He was a lover of the “I always felt somewhat distressed, uncomfortable, fantastic, and his favorite story-writers were and ill at ease, whenever I tried to pass a few pleasant hours in the society of my wife. .i. The strange Grimm and Hoffman. He was greatly inclined power she exercised over me from the very first was in to mysticism, with oocasional demoniacal ten no wise due to the fact that I regarded her in any way dencies. He says: as the embodiment of my ideal; on the contrary, she « From my earliest childoood certain mysterious and attracted me by the soberness and seriousness of her uncanny things exercised an enormous influence over character, which supplemented what I felt to be want- me. If I were left alone in a room for long, I remem- ing in my own, and afforded me the support that in my ber that, when gazing at lifeless objects such as pieces wanderings after the ideal I knew to be necessary for of furniture, and concentrating my attention upon them, I would suddenly shriek out with fright, because they Perhaps this explains one of the causes of seemed to me alive.” Wagner's wretchedness. He was wandering Of an experience in Spezia, in 1859, he after the ideal, and she after the real. In their writes : pathetic life in Paris, Minna did all she could “Suddenly I seemed to be sinking in swift-running | to keep his head above water, and their mutual water. The rushing water took on the musical sound privations, which she endured with more cour- of an E flat major chord, which was tossed hither and thither by the waves, and continually breaking up into age than her husband, brought them nearer melodious variations of ever-increasing movement, yet together. Perhaps they might have lived never losing the perfect harmony of the chord, which, with each other some years longer; but Madam by its pertinacity, appeared to wish to impart some in Wesendonck now comes into his life, and his finite signification to the element in which I was sinking. | intimacy with her — which he contends was With the sensation of waves rearing high above my head, I awoke in a fright from the trance. Then I innocent, though more than once it provoked immediately recognized that the orchestral prelude to discord in the Wesendonck household — at last • Das Rheingold,' which had long been in me, but which roused Minna's furious jealousy of his affinity, I had never been able to properly find, had arisen." and the separation was inevitable. Wagner Notwithstanding the grim earnestness of describes his life with Minna with the most Wagner, his humor was always good natured, | brutal frankness, and with as close detail as if as is evidenced by many playful allusions to he were on the witness-stand. Assuming all musicians he met. He greatly loved animals. he says of Minna to be true, yet he knew all His gray parrot nearly restored peace in his about her before he married her. She may relations with Minna his wife, — for “this have been his intellectual inferior; this he also sociable bird, which had no vices and was an | knew. She was not of the kind to make a apt scholar,” together with a pretty little dog, | good wife; neither was he of the kind to born on the day of the first · Rienzi' rehearsal make a good husband. Musicians who marry in Dresden, did much to brighten our dwelling actresses usually make a mess of it. She did in the absence of children. My wife soon much for him ; it cannot be said, however, that taught the bird snatches of songs from · Rienzi,' he did much if anything for her. The honest with which it would good naturedly greet me reader will remember that Wagner had the last from a distance when it heard me coming up word. There is no Minna Planer, or friend of the stairs.” He had an intense affection for Minna Planer's, to tell her side of the story. Audi his little dog Peps, and devotes much space to alteram partem. The sad part of it is that we a description of Peps's last hours, and his inter- | cannot. Evidently Wagner has presented these a mesaid, bo The ho last 1911.) 13 THE DIAL sordid and pathetic details in self-justification. violinists in the world was lost in the making Whether or not he has succeeded must be left of one of the greatest conductors. It may to the reader. similarly be said of Wagner, that one of the And now Cosima comes into his life, with most skilful literary artists in the world was whom he is to “ live happy ever after" as the lost in the making of one of the greatest story-books say. But of her we first hear composers. Weinlich, one of Wagner's early only this : teachers, said to him : “Probably you will “While I was singing Wotan's Abschied' to my never write fugues or canons; but what you friends I noticed the same expression on Cosima's face have mastered is independence. You can now as I had seen on it, to my astonishment, in Zurich on a stand alone.” That independence was manifest similar occasion, only the ecstacy of it was transfigured into something higher. Everything connected with all through Wagner's life, and impressed itself this was shrouded in silence and mystery; but the belief upon all his contemporaries as in the case of that she belonged to me grew to such certainty in my no other composer since Beethoven. In all his mind that when I was under the influence of more than voluminous writings, he has never written ordinary excitement my conduct betrayed the most reck- better, or clearer, or with more literary skill, less gayety. As I was accompanying Cosima to the hotel across a public square I suddenly suggested she than in the book he dictated to Cosima. It should sit in an empty wheelbarrow which stood in the should be supplemented by another, telling the street, so that I might wheel her to the hotel. She story of his life from 1864 to 1883, with which assented in an instant. My astonishment was so great no one is more familiar, and for which no one that I felt all my courage desert me, and was unable to carry out my mad project.” has ampler material than Cosima. No autobiography was needed to establish Near the close of the second volume Wagner Wagner's musical fame as the greatest operatic refers briefly to Cosima again at a time when composer of the nineteenth century. He is an he was visiting the Bülows in 1863. epoch-maker like Bach and Beethoven. He has “ As Bülow had to complete the preparations to his concert, I drove out alone with Cosima on the prom- indelibly stamped his influence upon operatic enade, as before, in a fine carriage. This time all our music and permanently changed its course. He jocularity died away into silence. We gazed speechless has restored the old Grecian artistic unity, and each other's eyes; an intense longing for an avowal reinforced and symmetrized the art of music by of the truth mastered us and led to a confession -- which needed no words — of the boundless unbappiness bringing other art-forms into harmony with it. which oppressed us." As I have said in another place, he has abolished Still briefer is Wagner's allusion to King conventional forms and “ substituted a poetry Ludwig which forms the closing sentence in full of music and a music full of poetry; and the Autobiography. After a short statement both are exquisitely set forth against a pictorial of the circumstances attending his invitation to background where illusion is almost lost in meet Ludwig, he says : reality.” Wagner had no need to justify his “On the same day I had received the most urgent music. If it were necessary to justify himself, warnings against returning to Vienna. But my life it must be acknowledged that he has done so was to have no more of these alarms; the dangerous frankly and courageously, and with the assur- road along which fate beckoned me to such great ends ance that characterizes one who has sublime was not destined to be clear of troubles and anxieties faith in himself. Like Horace, he might have of a kind unknown to me heretofore, but I was never again to feel the weight of the everyday hardships of added to the story of “ My Life,” “ Exegi existence under the protection of my exalted friend.” monumentum perennius ære.” In summing up this extraordinary Autobiog- GEORGE P. UPTON. raphy — extraordinary for its frankness, its confessions, its honesty, its self-unsparingness -it must be called a plain tale of a life which A NEW TEXT OF POE'S POEMS. * is laid bare to the minutest detail, in the most The claim has been made for more than one unegotistic manner, and has been written edition of Poe that it contains every scrap of evidently because the hero of the story felt it Poe's writings; and it was predicted a good necessary that posterity should understand him many years ago by one of Poe's editors that no and that history should present him in a true “ new and well-authenticated poem” from his light, nothing extenuating, and setting down pen would ever again be found. Yet Mr. J.H. naught in malice. Another impression that must inevitably come to the reader is of * THE COMPLETE POEMS OF EDGAR ALLAN POE. Col- lected, edited, and arranged, with memoir, textual notes, Wagner's literary skill. A musician once said and bibliography, by J. H. Whitty. Illustrated. Boston: of Theodore Thomas, that one of the greatest | Houghton Mifflin Co. 14 [July 1, THE DIAL Whitty has brought together in his recent that the “Lines Written in an Album,” pub- edition of Poe's verses a full half-dozen new lished in the Messenger” in September, 1835, poems. None of these possesses much intrinsic were really inspired by Virginia Clemm, and not worth, and one is a fragment of only three by Eliza White, as has been generally assumed. lines ; but Mr. Whitty's feat is, nevertheless, a It is also suggested that Poe's father either had notable one. Two of the new poems were dis died or had deserted his family before the sum- covered in manuscript copies in the desk used mer of 1811. by Poe while editor of the “ Southern Literary Where so much was attempted, it was Messenger"; three were published in magazines inevitable that some errors should creep in. with which Poe was connected ; and one is from The chief of these appear in the appendix. In an obscure periodical published at Providence, the textual notes there are a number of mis- Rhode Island, in 1848. Included in the edition, prints and some slight inaccuracies. Among also, are the two skits addressed by Poe to errors inherited from other editions are the spell- his Baltimore cousin, Elizabeth Herring, and ing Petrarchmanities for “ Petrarchanities," the two songs from Poe's tale, “ Four Beasts in the variorum of “ An Enigma” (p. 237); in One," hitherto ignored by editors of the the substitution of “To” for “For” in the poems. sixth line of the 1829 revision of " A Dream Scarcely less remarkable than the discovery within a Dream” (p. 274), and of “ Now" for of these poems is the disclosure of a number of “ Nor” in the last stanza of the 1829 version new variant readings. These are drawn in part of the lines beginning “I heed not that my from manuscripts until now either unknown or earthly lot” (p. 279); and the omission of the inaccessible to the editors, in part from sundry | line “Silent waterfalls” in the last stanza of printed versions of the poems heretofore quite the 1831 version of “Fairy-land” (p. 282). overlooked by both editors and bibliographers. In the variorum for “ The Raven” the read- The most interesting of these are versions of ings for the “ Southern Literary Messenger" “ The Raven” and “Dream-Land” published (March, 1845) are overlooked. And it is open in the Richmond “Examiner” in the autumn of to question whether the editor has not erred 1849, and texts of twelve other poems which were sometimes in the selection of his text. In the intended for publication in the “ Examiner” and case of “ An Enigma,” for example, the Gris- are preserved in revised proofs made for that wold text must surely represent Poe's latest purpose. Here also are recorded for the first revision; the same holds true of the later lines time the variant readings found in the “ Flag “ To Helen,” unless we are to adopt the very of our Union," a file of which was discovered improbable theory that Griswold deliberately several summers ago in Washington (see “The | interpolated a couple of lines of his own making. Nation” of December 30, 1910). Other new In two instances—in the last line of “ Annabel readings are furnished by the Baltimore “Sat Lee" and in the twenty-second line of “Spirits urday Morning Visiter” for 1833, the London of the Dead” — the editor has rejected the “ Critic " for 1845, the Richmond “ Whig” for reading of the text that he has adopted ; in 1819, and “Leaflets of Memory” for 1850. both instances, one must think, on insufficient Mr. Whitty has also collected a good deal of grounds. In the bibliography, mention should fresh information about Poe's life. The chief be made of the text of " A Valentine " which source of this information is the manuscript appeared in the “Evening Mirror” for Febru- “Recollections of E. A. Poe” by F. W. Thomas, ary 21, 1846 ; and of the excerpts from now at last become available. These reminis- Politian” in the “Southern Magazine” of cences tend to corroborate Poe's story of a trip November, 1875, and in the New York issue to Europe in 1827, which most of Poe's editors of J. H. Ingram's edition of the poems. have believed to be apocryphal; and they also Aside from these defects, the edition is an furnish valuable information about Poe's activ. admirable one, and should supersede all former ities in Baltimore during the obscure years fol- editions of the poems. That it will come to be lowing his expulsion from West Point in 1831. recognized as final, it would be rash to predict: From other sources — mainly newspapers of the where Mr. Whitty was able to garner so bounti- time — new particulars are brought out about ful a harvest, it may fall to yet other laborers Poe's relations with Mrs. Osgood and Mrs. in the field to collect some small gleanings. Shelton. A number of unpublished letters are | But at least we may predict that no such feat drawn on for new details about his early life in as Mr. Whitty's will soon again be accom- Richmond. An interesting theory advanced is plished. Killis CAMPBELL. Let the veres thlines of you ! 1911.] 15 THE DIAL the battle of Cold Harbor, where Hagood's MEMOIRS OF A CONFEDERATE BRIGADIER.* brigade lost 16 killed, 103 wounded, and 9 General Hagood, commander of the famous missing, making an aggregate of 128 men. Hagood's Brigade of the Confederate Army, “Grant's severe losses and small success had a died in 1898. He had declined to permit the powerful effect on the Northern mind, and it publication of his memoirs until after his death; is asserted by Federal historians that at this a decision which was doubtless due to modesty time the war was near a collapse, from which on his part, but, in the judgment of the present successes elsewhere alone saved it." An ac- writer, one to be regretted. In his Introduction, count of the battle of Petersburg follows, and dated March 21, 1871, General Hagood tells us a description is given of life in the trenches that the papers of his brigade “ were preserved | there, much more trying to the men than in the general wreck of Confederate military battle itself. affairs,” but adds : “ These memoirs are not The battle of Weldon Road shortly followed, prepared for the printer; nor will they, or any in which Hagood's brigade especially distin- part of them, while I control them, be made guished itself, and General Beauregard spoke public.” It is better, however, that a narrative of its commander in the highest terms. After should be published during the life-time of the a short rest in the rear, and after the taking writer, both for his sake and for the sake of his of Fort Harrison, Hagood's brigade was trans- contemporaries ; as thus an opportunity will be | ferred to the north side of James River, where afforded for the correction of any mistakes that it remained until the end of that year, when, may have crept in. with the rest of Hoke's division, it was sent to But we are glad to have these stirring Wilmington to aid in the defense of Fort memoirs, even at this late date; and doubtless Fisher, although not stationed in the fort, but the surviving members of Hagood's Brigade at Wilmington, in reserve. As Grant had now are glad to have their war-records preserved. relieved Butler, a renewal of the attempt against The work consists of two parts, the first cover Fort Fisher was made by Terry with about ing the history of the First Regiment of South 8000 men. Bragg ordered Hoke to attack the Carolina volunteers (twelve months' men), enemy's new line, but the latter deemed the April 12, 1861 to April 12, 1862; and the attempt inadvisable, and at Hoke's request second, the history of Hagood's Brigade, as it Bragg reconnoitered it, and as he concurred was organized on September 30, 1863, consist with Hoke, the garrison was left to its fate. ing of the 11th, 21st, 25th, and 27th regiments, This necessitated the evacuation of Wilmington. and the 7th battalion (eight companies) of Bragg returned to Richmond, leaving Hoke in South Carolina volunteers, numbering 4,246 command at Wilmington, and Hagood at Fort men. The history of the brigade begins prop Anderson, some miles below; but on Hagood's erly with the campaign of 1864 in Virginia, advice this fort was evacuated, and a position the regiments having previously served on taken up on Town Creek some six miles above, Morris Island in Charleston Harbor. They but it was not held long, and the Confederates had there done all that was required of them; withdrew to Kinston, on the Neuse River, but a wider field of action was opened between Newbern and Goldsboro. when they were transferred to Virginia, and Hoke's division, including Hagood's brigade, they were put into a fight as soon as they finally fell back to Smithfield and joined reached Port Walthal Junction, on the 6th of General Johnston's command. The remnants May, 1864. “ The brunt of this action fell of Hood's army, some 5000 men; Hardee's upon Hagood's brigade; and in the progress of forces, which had marched from Savannah and the narrative it will be seen that it saved Peters Charleston, 11,000 men; and Bragg's forces burg.” General Hagood says (page 226): | of 8000 men, with Wheeler's and Butler's “ The brigade did acquit itself well. It was 4000 cavalrymen, formed an army of 28,000 its first fight upon Virginia soil, and a credit- men with which to resist Sherman's 75,000. able letter of introduction to the battle-scarred The battle of Bentonville followed, the last ex- veterans of Lee." Actions at Swift Creek, piring effort of the Army of the West, and of Drury's Bluff, and on the lines of Bermuda all Confederate troops south of Virginia. In Hundred, are described, and presently we reach this battle Hagood's brigade lost 249 men killed, wounded, and missing; and soon after- *MEMOIRS OF THE WAR OF SECESSION. From the Original Manuscripts of Johnson Hagood, Brigadier General wards General Hagood was sent to South C.S.A. Columbia, S. C.: The State Company. Carolina to collect absentees. But it was too 16 [July 1, THE DIAL late. Hagood’s farewell order was dated March | breaking out in action under dire stress. The 30, in which he informed his men that he should trouble with our generalizations about criminals be absent forty days; but before that time is that they are of so many patterns, and do elapsed, Lee had surrendered and the Southern one description will apply to all; their name is Confederacy had no more use for soldiers. legion — for demons are many. Discrimination General Hagood's memoirs close with ex and classification must be the first study of tracts from the diary of Captain Storey, includ those who would understand the underworld ing General Johnston's Order of April 27th, whose sulphur makes us all uncomfortable, and announcing his “military convention” with from whose mysterious depths our foes creep General Sherman, which came to naught, and forth at night to rob, steal, cheat, and kill. he surrendered on the same terms that Grant We should like to ignore the entire disagreeable had extended to Lee. crowd, and sit by our cheerful hearths listening The work concludes with a roster of the to sacred poets and to the prattle of our inno several regiments that constituted Hagood's cent children. But if we do go deeply into the brigade, a poem by Joseph Blyth Allston, en history of the law-breaker, he becomes actually titled “ Charge of Hagood's Brigade," written fascinating, as do the monstrous gargoyles in the summer of 1864, soon after the charge which thrust their hideous faces out of gothic referred to, “which was always considered by cathedrals. To understand the criminal we the brigade as their most desperate encounter," must dissect his body and soul, and observe how and two views of the monument erected to the he acts in all kinds of weather, under tempt- brigade near Petersburg, Virginia. A long ation, at play, and while he lives the placid list of Errata is given, but a frequent one, | life of the prison. “ dr.” for “ pdr.,” is omitted. Over this complex problem of criminal James M. GARNETT. anthropology warring schools have set them- selves in battle array. Now and then the smoke clears, and the antagonists shake hands CURRENTS OF THE SOCIAL UNDERWORLD.* like gentlemen and appropriate a larger fund The American Institute of Criminal Law and of ideas. In time we have a synthesis ; frag- Criminology, organized in 1910, starts upon ments are fitted into a provisional system which its hopeful career with the establishment of a works fairly well in practice, but which, like a journal worthy of American scholarship, and house built for a growing family, must often with the publication in English of two strong be repaired and enlarged. The intellectual works by European specialists. Spain, now activity in this field is amazing, and the book thoroughly awake and eager to contribute to of our Spanish interpreter will enable a student the growth of science, furnishes us an admirable to gain a swift and fairly complete view of the presentation of “Modern Theories of Crimin- investigations and discussions. It is possible ality,” together with a useful and carefully se- that little will be left of Lombroso's generaliza- lected and annotated bibliography which reveals tions about the “born criminal ” when his critics wide and critical reading. The chief interest are through with him, but everyone must admit in criminology formerly centred in the criminal that such gadflies of irritating suggestion are law; now the offender himself is in the focus rare in any century. It is forever impossible of illumination and attention. The law-breaker to go back to the notions of criminals which is a puzzle to all, and especially to himself. At were assumed in the ancient law-books and times he appears to be an inhabitant of some systems of penology. The American Institute other world, here on a flying visit, and the uni- of Criminal Law and Criminology has done verse where he is most at home is one where trees wisely in starting its series of translations of grow with roots in the air, blackbirds are white, books relating to its field of research with the and honor is awarded to evil ; at another time remarkably clear, instructive, readable, and he reminds us of something which has hap- impartial analysis of “ Modern Theories of Criminality,” by Bernaldo de Quirós. pened in our own minds and has come near to Passing to the learned and witty book of the *THE MODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE SERIES. First vol- umes: Modern Theories of Criminality, by C. Bernaldo de great German jurist Hans Gross, we must be Quirós, translated from the Spanish by Alfonso de Salvio, on our guard lest the title — through no fault with an Introduction by W. W. Smithers. Crininal Psy of the author — mislead us. The title-page chology, by Hans Gross, translated by Horace M. Kallen, with an Introduction by Joseph Jastrow. Boston: Little, properly describes the work as a manual for Brown, & Co. judges, practitioners, and students; it is not de- 1911.] 17 THE DIAL fe and spicious of a signed, nor is it wholly adapted, to penologists; is not only one who desires to tell the fact, but its chief value is for the court. Indeed, the takes pains to know the fact. Thus the crim- criminal is by no means the only personality inalist offers instruction in morality. under inspection: not only the person charged Social defense means protection of the inno- with crime, but also the witnesses on both sides, cent from false charges arising from envy, hate, the examining lawyers, the editors who report prejudice, passion, interest,—and, on the other and comment, and most of all the judge himself, hand, efforts to discover, identify, and convict the are included in the survey. There is little of real authors of actions harmful to the commun- direct value to the prison warden or teacher inity. A crime is an overt act; the worst and the book, although it can be studied by such most dangerous man cannot be sent to prison officials with profit. Students of human nature, as a convict on his evil reputation or because he psychologists, teachers, parents, tradesmen, has the “ stigmata.” The government prose- bankers, — any of us may find sceptical hints cution must reproduce the story of the deed with which will tend to make us cautious about believ sufficient fulness and evidence to prove beyond ing too far in our senses or our neighbors. To reasonabledoubt that the accused stood in causal go through life without being too often swindled, relation to the act as charged in the indictment. cheated, wronged, hurt, deceived, we must learn To reach this conclusion, numberless sources of to interpret the outward signs of real thoughts error must be avoided, difficulties in perception and feelings and purposes of people we meet. and memory and judgment must be overcome, The analogues of crime, and even crime itself, prejudice and revenge must be discounted. The are matters of constant and universal concern. work of Hans Gross renders a valuable service The banker who is asked for a credit must be to social security by its profound and penetrat- able to discover, from all kinds of looks and | ing disclosures of the value of testimony, by gestures and information about habits and its critical treatment of the sources of informa- associates, what the borrower would probably tion, by its severe tests of accepted errors, and do with the money. The adjuster of fire and by its positive directions for discovering the life and accident insurance learns to be suave truth in spite of all these perils. The English and suspicious. The foreman in a factory or version of the book, by Mr. H. M. Kallen, is the conductor of a train must guide his conduct fitly introduced to American readers by Dr. in relation to others by what they reveal of Joseph Jastrow. their character, and by intuitions. In fact, suc- CHARLES RICHMOND HENDERSON. cess in life depends on this ability to judge men, and all of us try to cultivate it; even children do so. Hans Gross has given us a volume SIXTY YEARS OF A MAN'S LIFE.* which gathers up homely proverbs, the studies of Darwin on the expression of the emotions, A full and varied life, a retentive memory, the results of experiments in psychological lab- and a gift of ready and apt expression, combine oratories, the observations of those in charge of to make Mr. Adolphus G. C. Liddell's “ Notes the insane and of criminals, and gives a scientific from the Life of an Ordinary Mortal” one of form to common knowledge. All this erudition the most readable and satisfactory books of its is enlivened by shrewd hints, laughable situa- kind that this age, so rich in autobiographical tions, keen and even cynical criticism of human outpourings, has produced. The writer, an life. No one will claim that we have here at Oxford man of literary and artistic tastes and all points the last word of exact science in this accomplishments, but a barrister (somewhat field; but we do discover an indispensable and against his will) by profession, has for the past efficient method of research. The language is twenty years or more been in the government intelligible, and as free as possible from esoteric service, holding the position of “ Assistant technical terms. Generally the conclusions Secretary in the combined Department of the can be tested by experiment in any court-room. Lord Chancellor's Office and the Crown Office.” The results are stated with so much caution Other secretaryships, to various government that testimony seems to shrink in value. commissions, preceded his present duties, and Shakespeare saw how easy it was to lie.“ AC- both officially and unofficially he has moved cording to Helmholtz, the power of the full *NOTES FROM THE LIFE OF AN ORDINARY MORTAL. moon is not more than that of a candle twelve Being a Record of Things Done, Seen, and Heard at School, College, and in the World, during the Latter Half of the feet away. And how much people claim to Nineteenth Century. By A. G. C. Liddell, C.B. With have seen by moonlight!” The veracious man portrait. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. 18 [July 1, THE DIAL about so constantly in the world as to bring Liddell remarks, that strikes one as little short him in contact with innumerable persons of l of Homeric. note and to make him a participant in or a | “Tam dixit David, volo pugnare Goliath. witness of many events of more than passing Respondit Saulus, non potes vincere monstrum. interest. It is by heredity, one infers, that he Sed dixit David, ego possum vincere monstrum.” is possessed of a memory able to reproduce in Passing from these trivialities, we come to realistic detail so many of the "things done, the more serious studies of the ambitious Balliol seen, and heard ”; for he speaks of an uncle student. Philosophy, which is poetry addressed whose powers in this direction enabled him to to the understanding, exerted its seductive repeat nearly the whole of Horace and Virgil, charms on him when he became a disciple of and to go on indefinitely when started at almost T. H. Green ; and the compelling personality any verse in the Bible. of Jowett failed not of its due effect, especially The thoroughly English quality of the man when he joined a vacation reading-party under and his book may be indicated by a passage the great man's supervision. Of these two from his first days at Eton. What schoolboy eminent scholars and teachers the author has con- of twelve outside of England would ever think siderable to say, finally contrasting them thus: of beginning his boarding-school (Anglicè “ It would be difficult to find two men more unlike public-school) life with the brewing of a cup of than Green and Jowett. Jowett was very different from tea? He writes : an ordinary Englishman, resembling in everything but the austerity of his morals an abbé of the old French "Towards evening my father left me, and I had tea type, a would-be man of the world, brilliant with a sort in my new abode. Seldom have I felt greater satisfac- of silvery radiance, taking an intellectual rather than tion with myself and my surroundings. I admired sympathetic interest in men and things. With all his everything — the kettle, candlestick, and snuffers, virtue he was hardly a man, and one could not imagine stamped with the first and last letters of my name, the him ever having gone wrong or ever filling any other tea-cannister, the solid crockery, the knives and spoons, post but that of a Don. Green, on the other hand, was marked in the same way with a double L-L. After a Briton to the back bone, of the old Puritan type. He tea I canted one of the kitchen chairs against the wall had a rather dark stern face thatched with a shock of - arm-chairs were not in those days allowed — and iron-grey hair, with a firmly-built body, which might, read by the light of the dip, feeling that I was at last if he had exercised it, have been athletic. He was silent an independent gentleman. I was occasionally surprised and expressed himself with difficulty, but you had no by one or two heads being poked in at the door and doubt of the depth of his sympathy, and felt that except being suddenly withdrawn, but nothing happened till I for his practised self-control he was a man of like pas- went to bed. sions with yourself. . . . Jowett was always the revered “ The second day was not so rosy, as I was subjected schoolmaster, in whose company we endeavoured to be to the constant and often contemptuous interrogation virtuous for fear of exciting his displeasure. But Green of What's your name, and where do you board?'- was an elder brother, in whose society we were ashamed and sometimes to the disquieting question of Do you to be selfish or mean, and who taught rather by example take a licking ?'" than precept.” An early sign of poetic aspirations in the In the obligatory essay-writing of his course Eton lad showed itself in a prize poem on “ The | at Balliol, Mr. Liddell recalls that, like many Prince of Wales' Visit to America," from which others of his set, he“ occasionally had recourse we are favored with a few specimen lines : to Andrew Lang, whose good nature and “ He sees the lions of the place, the falls, extraordinary power of disquisition made him He visits, lays foundations, goes to balls, willing and able to knock off an essay on any Dances with blundering damsels in quadrilles, Makes shooting parties to the neighboring hills. subject in half an hour.” Even so early, it ap- Ladies admire the beauty of his nose, pears, did Mr. Lang excite wonder and admir- Gentlemen take pattern from his clothes." ation by the fecundity of his genius. Could any subsequent and more worthy per Upon leaving Oxford Mr. Liddell gladly formance in verse have caused the poet such followed his father's advice and treated himself thrills of pride and joy as this achievement in to a year of European travel and social relaxa- (not always perfect) rhyme ? On the same page tion, during which he saw persons and things with these lines are three others which Mr. well worth writing about. It was his father's Liddell quotes, probably with a chuckle of even desire, also, that led him to devote the best greater amusement. They are from an epic on years of his life to an uncongenial profession, David and Goliath, and were written “ by a while art and literature were beckoning him in large boy with sandy whiskers and moustache, their direction. Some stolen intervals there who was notoriously unscholastic.” There is were of painting and of writing, some copyings something in their “ canine simplicity," as Mr. / of old masters and some essays in landscape, and 1911.) 19 THE DIAL The warfare also the production of magazine articles and a appearance is agreeably shown in a frontispiece, few seasons of regular work as law reporter for which is a reproduction of Sir Edward Poynter's “The Times." Walking tours at Whitsuntide portrait of his friend. Of the volume as a in the Isle of Wight are pleasantly recalled, and whole it is well within bounds to say that a the renewal of old acquaintance with Mrs. Cam more wholesome, straightforward, unpreten- eron, the artist-photographer, at Freshwater. tious, and thoroughly enjoyable piece of work, “On one of these visits she took us to a dance, at in the shape of autobiography, has not often Mr. Tennyson's, at Farringford, where I remember been produced. PERCY E. BICKNELL. seeing the Poet Laureate joining vigorously in the revels. He even condescended to take the floor' by dancing in a stately, almost elephantine way, with a young damsel in a polka. It was, no doubt, an inter- esting'spectacle, to see an Olympian in white kid gloves BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. partaking of the amusements of mankind. But I am not sure that I did not regret having gone to that The advance of civilization in the dance, which had much the same effect upon me that on carriers tropics is assured only in so far as the scenes in Lucian's · Dialogues of the Gods' must of disease. the terrible epidemics of disease, have had upon a worshipper of Zeus." which for ages have wiped off the map every ad- The author's diaries of this period, and later, vance in certain regions, can be eliminated or con- furnish him with many noteworthy details con- trolled. The most feared of these diseases, because cerning persons and events. the most mysterious and the most fatal, has been A conversation yellow fever. Now, thanks to the sacrifices of of some length with George Eliot is reported, Doctor Reid and the investigations of others in the and he recalls her “ noble face of the equine field of preventive medicine, this dread scourge has type, with fine grey eyes, not large, but been robbed of its terrors; and only ignorance deep-set, thoughtful, and kind.” Carlyle also or incompetency or parsimony need expose any crosses the stage, “old and shrunken, with a tropical community to its devastations. Sir Rupert great shock of grey hair and bright eyes,” but Boyce, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Med- inexhaustible in his fund of “vivid and pic- icine, has been a leader in the scientific study of turesque stories, which came out one after this fever, and in the constructive work of stamping another, quite silencing Sir John Coleridge, out epidemics in New Orleans, Central America, West Indies, British Guiana, Sierra Leone, the who had a great reputation as a raconteur.” Gold Coast, and Southern Nigeria, within the last Gladstone also appears, and more than once, six years. In his “ Yellow Fever and its Preven- and Herbert Spencer thus characteristically: tion, a Manual for Medical Students and Practi- “ Herbert Spencer, on being asked why he ate straw tioners ” (Dutton), he recounts the history of the berry jam at breakfast, said that the beneficial effects disease in all tropical lands, treats of its technical of happiness upon mankind have been too much under- pathological and medical aspects, discusses the mos- rated, owing to the over-respect paid to asceticism. He quito which spreads it abroad, and sets forth in considered pleasure an excellent digestive. He himself detail the prophylactic measures by means of which could not digest the same food for many days, simply from the effect that monotony would have upon his communities in civilized and in savage lands have mind, and had heard of a man who went into a decline utilized the results of modern science in their de- from eating nothing but mutton chops." fence. The work is a fine revelation of the coming Not to be surpassed is the philosopher's reply developments of humanitarian work in the medical profession, and deserves a wide recognition for this to a lady who had expressed a belief that reason as well as for its technical value. — Not only flowers have consciousness. “If you are has the mosquito fallen under the ban because of determined,” quoth Spencer, “to adhere to the his necessary relation to malaria and yellow fever, proposition that it is possible to dissociate the | but the house-fly also is receiving sweeping condem- existence of consciousness from the physiologi nation for his possible relation to typhoid fever. Dr. cal processes of nervous organisation, I must | L. O. Howard, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, differ from you entirely.” would even go so far as to change the popular name The latter part of the book shows us the of this insect to “ typhoid fly,” though he retains the writer secure in the possession of a not un- older name in his title, “The House Fly, Disease congenial office under the friend of his Oxford Carrier; an Account of its Dangerous Activities and days, Lord Chancellor Reid, and delivered of the Means of Destroying it” (Stokes). A storm of protest has been raised by medical men and from the “ apprehension of growing old in an sanitarians against this proposal, for it tends to unsuccessful life.” He closes his final chapter ses his npal chapter mislead the uninformed into the idea that the fly with this note from his diary, under date of is the only carrier of this disease, as the mosquito June 29, 1906 : “ Sixty years old to-day.” is of malaria, and thus to lessen popular precautions What manner of man he is in his outward | regarding milk, water-supply, and sewage. Dr. 20 [July 1, THE DIAL Howard's book is replete with the most recent and question is as to the product of two by four less one, trustworthy information, and is written in his most or how many days in the week, or wonders iņ the lucid and effective style. He recounts the life world. So long as the master knows the answer history of the fly, describes its breeding habits and and Hans can see his master, knowledge holds on favorite haunts, and tells of its parasites and and wisdom is ascribed; but ask the simplest enemies; he gives in detail the best methods of query of which the master knows not the answer, ridding the house of these pests, of preventing or subject Hans to large blinders, and in pardon- their multiplication on the farm and in the city, able slang—there is nothing doing. The details of and supplies the information needed to enable a the story and the corroborations of the clues are community to deal effectively with the problem of worked out with remarkable nicety and with all their extermination. Health officers, teachers, edi the armament of the psychological laboratory. The tors, and all interested in the public campaign human subject takes the rôle of Hans, another that against this menace to the comfort and safety of of the master, a third that of the investigator; and the home and the community, will find here an the “ graphic” records record the plot and its ex- arsenal of the latest and most effective ammunition posure. But what a blow is all this for the vaunted for their righteous warfare. horse-sense of the average man! The psychologist seems to be coming to his own; and the guesses of The volume called “Clever Hans” Human-sense interested laymen no longer impose. and horse-sense (Holt) is the tale of a horse so far in coöperation. as outer adornment goes, but the 2 The mutual admiration of Colonel Colonel Roosevelt story of the pitfalls of ordinary human reasoning as seen through Roosevelt and Kaiser Wilhelm is 80 far as pointing a moral. The echoes of the German glasses. well known, as also the fact that remarkable excitement created in Berlin in 1904 our distinguished ex-President has many other by the intellectual performances of " Kluge Hans," admirers in the German Empire. One of these, the horse of Herr von Osten, lost much of their Dr. Max Kullnick, has prepared for his fellow- power to carry conviction when transmitted across countrymen an appreciative biography of Mr. the Atlantic. Not so the translation of the very Roosevelt, which has been translated into English painstaking and ingenious investigation, duly set by Professor Frederick von Reithdorf of Monmouth forth by Dr. Oscar Pfungst, of the psychological College, and is published under the title “From department of the University of Berlin. It seems Rough Rider to President” (McClurg). There is a little out of place to say that the result was a now no lack of material, both in Mr. Roosevelt's complete exposure of the horse — the usual demon- own writings and in what has been written about stration with reference to claimants for unusual him by others, from which to construct a fairly and psychology-defying psychic powers, that they authoritative account of his strenuous life. In were clever but not supernatural, and not what | addition to these printed sources, Dr. Kullnick has they purported to be. Also like psychic claimants, had the help of Mr. William Loeb, Jr., formerly the claim of the super-gift proved too much; it private secretary to President Roosevelt, and he not only overreached itself and in attempting the gives many details, especially concerning the early sublime slipped to the ridiculous, but failed lament life of the subject of his book, which are either new ably and suspiciously to account for its own limita or little known to the reading public. That short tions. Hans calculated in grades and systems season in Mr. Roosevelt's childhood that was passed from kindergarten to high school - counted, distin- in Germany, his present biographer is well-fitted to guished, grouped, classified, judged, corrected his | treat in such a way as to throw new light on the errors, and in brief answered any sort of question character and aptitudes of the boy Theodore. that could be indicated by any reasonable number Passing to the four years at Harvard, the author of pawings with his forefoot. The exhibitions takes occasion to contrast American and German were not conducted for gain; the sponsors for the university methods, to the advantage of the former genuineness of the phenomena were many and as he conceives it. “The German university," he distinguished ; Herr von Osten was honest; there says, “is satisfied if it crams into the minds of the were no signs or signals that anyone could detect, young men the greatest amount possible of the dry certainly none arranged; and staid Berlin was | bones of human wisdom; but the American univer- excited, psychology refuted, the University on | sity is not content till it has entered the inner trial. It all sounds so simple, with the simplicity sanctum of the student's soul, dictated his ideals of the Columbian egg, when you have the clue; and moulded his character.” Mr. Roosevelt's share but such situations are baffling and blind until the in the Spanish-American War is related in sufficient general presumption is made a specific demonstra- detail. In the disputed question of the Rough tion. Quite naturally, quite unconsciously, signals Riders' charge at San Juan, the author appears to were given. If interested and of the motor-emotional be correctly informed, and makes them charge up type, one's body bends forward as the tapping begins | Kettle Hill, as is told at length by their commander and straightens up when the correct count is reached. | in his book, “ The Rough Riders"; but on a later The horse's eye is shrewd enough to notice this, page Dr. Kullnick refers the action to San Juan and so stops correctly, irrespective of whether the Hill. However, it is unnecessary to quibble over 1911.) THE DIAL Getting nervous names, especially as that of “ Kettle Hill” came grimage of devout and pathetically hopeful patients into being only after the battle in its neighborhood. to Lourdes. Whoever the author of the book may The author speaks of Mr. Roosevelt's conscientious be, we can hardly be mistaken in judging him to be work on the Civil Service Commission “through a practising physician of long and varied experience, the two years of Harrison's administration and the and a man given both to thought and to its well- four of Grover Cleveland's," which not only con considered expression. If he is not a physician, veys a wrong impression as to the length of Har he has certainly done some hard reading in medicine. rison's presidency, but is inaccurate concerning the duration of Mr. Roosevelt's commissionership, which The several adjectives harnessed to began in 1889 and ended in 1895. Here and there through fear of the patient and abused beast of bur occur a few more or less amusing reminders that nervousness. den which we call Life, about as the author, and his translator also, are of foreign commonly suggest a binding restriction and an birth; or at least, our idioms are less familiar to added mechanical aid to the pull or push of effort. them than they might be. “The cowardly method One is sometimes in doubt whether the life strenu- of rakes” is apparently a hit at the muck-rakers. ous, simple, happy, balanced, efficient, progressive, The word “bride” is used in the German sense, social, individual, presents a problem or an ideal. where we resort to the French fiancée ; and “the Advice abounds ; panaceas, elixirs, formulæ, may be pirate ship, the Alabama” is a little misleading. had for the asking, or at any price one chooses “The London Alps Club” evidently refers to the to pay. America seems to be the land of the free Alpine Club rendered familiar to us by Leslie prescription and the home of the brave takers Stephen, Mr. Frederic Harrison, and others. The thereof. It is also the culture-ground of nervous- book as a whole is excellent reading, especially for ness. Dr. Partridge, who is a psychological and boys, to whom the courageous and manly qualities not a medical adviser, has produced a useful volume of our ex-President are made to appeal with force. on “The Nervous Life” (Sturgis & Walton Co.) The best side of Mr. Roosevelt could not well have The shoe will be found to fit many a restless foot. been portrayed more effectively. The biography It is a sane manual, at once on the side of modera- ends with his election to the presidency in 1904. tion in principle and simplicity of practice. It The book has as frontispiece the familiar picture points out a sound and safe middle-path between of the fence-vaulting horseman. fads and neglect, between blissful ignorance and overweening knowledge. It makes right-feeling, ... One “ Peter Harding, M.D.,” pro- A not unworthy right doing and right-knowing each properly valued successor of the fesses to be the author of a book and attainable according to one's light. The social " Autocrat." that ought to make his name rather complexity of modern conditions, and the strain that widely and favorably known. “ The Corner of is the temptation from which we pray and seek Harley Street” (Houghton) is composed of letters deliverance, are duly recognised as inevitable. The from a successful London G.P. (he himself re- strength to meet them by the wise ordering of our peatedly uses this abbreviation for “ general practi- mental attitudes and our bodily habits is exalted tioner") to a small circle of relatives and friends. above the fleetness or ingenuity exhibited in escap- Perhaps never since the “ Autocrat” delighted the ing from them. The work is well conceived and early “ Atlantic” readers has more of shrewd and simply written. To the many who have become humorous and thoroughly enjoyable observation nervous concerning the nervousness of their lives, been packed into a physician's non-professional it should bring a wholesome sedative influence. utterances. A slender thread of romance serves for the stringing together of these miscellaneous bits 1. M. André Maurel's “Little Cities of of wit and wisdom, but not even that is in the least artistic and Italy,” translated by Helen Gerard necessary to hold the reader's attention and lure sociological and published by Messrs. Putnam's him on to the end of the sage observer's remarks on Sons, takes its readers on what the author terms men and things. Incidentally he arrives at the “an artistic and sociological journey" through two happy though unexpected termination of Miss Molly groups of historically significant Italian municipal Harding's love affair. Here is a random and not ities : Florence, with her Tuscan girdle of San unseasonable passage from the fourth letter: “ Is it | Gimignano, Monte Oliveto, Pisa, Lucca, Prato, racial, or universal, or temperamental, I wonder, this Pistoia and Arezzo; and the scattered principal passionate yearning to be elsewhere—some uncrush | cities of the Veneto — Lecco, Bergamo, Brescia, able remnant of Romance? I give it up. I am Verona, Vicenza, Padua, Mantua, and Arqua. sure that it is a nuisance; and equally certain that Dante, Giotto, and Petrarch are the ever-welcome it is in reality the very salt of life.” In a letter figures which rise oftenest. Some of the content supposed to have been written at the close of an of the book is fresh and original, but more of it is illness during which much reading of current litera- | already familiar to those who have some acquaint- ture beguiled the hours of confinement, there is some ance with Italian history and art, for whom the excellent and generously appreciative criticism of book is intended. Among the most stimulating contemporary authors. Another letter describes at parts is the concluding chapter, in which the author length, with pertinent reflections interspersed, a pil- l voices his regret that the sacrifice of French blood Italian travels, 22 [July 1, THE DIAL in the risorgimento has been fruitless of the real sion, clash, and tense moments of climax, necessary freedom which the individual parts of Italy have to make a true drama. The central idea of a hand- through all time been seeking. He sees in the still some young “medicine woman" assisting a young fluctuating Italo-German-Papal political relations chief by her prophecies because he has secretly won only a modern continuation of the historic policy of her love, the situation created by his repudiation of the Italian — to assure himself of liberty, now by that love when he marries a chief's daughter, and means of Guelf support, now of Ghibelline ; a policy the way Chisera gets her revenge, are full of which has always brought a measure of independ dramatic possibilities. Perhaps the technical rea- ence, but never true liberty. M. Maurel's work, son why the clinch is not quite there, is that the which the publishers have made into a beautiful spectator's interest is divided between the fate of volume, is characterized by a pleasing delicacy of these lovers and that of the tribe of which they style, and by touches of sentiment which are only are members; this ethnic motive at the end is the once in a while a little too pronounced — virtues strongest, so that there is a shifting of the emphasis. which no doubt lent still greater charm to the In sympathetic accuracy of depiction, the play original French, and help account for the fact that merits praise; the writer knows her subject-matter, the work was crowned by the French Academy. and has given a faithful picture in place of the cheap caricatures so often substituted for the truth. An indication of the awakened in- Foremost of the Republics of terest of the people of the United South America. States in the affairs of Latin Amer- BRIEFER MENTION. ica appears in the increasing number of books about South America, historical and descriptive. Mr. / Mr. C. Ainsworth Mitchell's “Science and the W. H. Koebel's “Argentina, Past and Present" Criminal” (Little, Brown, & Co.) contains a popular (Dodd Mead & Co.) is an account of the youngest, account of the methods pursued by the intellects of science in their battle with the wits of sharpers. It strongest, and most “up-to-date" of the South covers a wide field, from the disclosures which keen American republics. The author has travelled over analysis may make in handwriting, blood-stains, finger- much of the country, has consulted the Argentine prints, and chemical findings, to the varied applications leaders in finance, agriculture, and politics, and has of logic in circumstantial evidence, in proofs of alibi, in already published a book on “ Modern Argentina." converting the trivial into the momentous. While the His slender historical summaries are of value chiefly volume appeals to the sporting instincts for which the as a setting for the more detailed descriptions of hunting of the criminal is a game of adventure, it also the social and economic institutions of the country. makes an interesting story of the ways of knowledge Since Argentina is still mainly an agricultural and as a source of power, -- in this instance, of the power grazing country, the author properly devotes much to bring to light what the spirits of darkness shrewdly conceal. space to the conditions under which farming and cattle-raising are carried on. He also discusses the There was published at Erlangen, in 1788, a two- labor situation, immigration, railway development, volume work by Johann David Schoepf, entitled “Reyse durch Einige der Mittlern und Südlichen Ver- social classes, and amusements. The North American einigten Nordamerikanischen Staaten nach Ost-Florida will be surprised at the descriptions of the Argentine und den Bahama-Inseln Unternommen in den Jahren cities—most of which are evidently fully abreast of, 1783 und 1784.” This work is now translated and and in some things superior to, our cities of the edited by Mr. Alfred J. Morrison, and published by same size. The illustrations in the volume are Mr. William J. Campbell, Philadelphia. It is the numerous and good. Not much can be said in com- work of a trained scientific observer, who had come mendation of the author's style. The early chapters to America in 1777 as chief surgeon to the Ansbach are crabbedly written, and there is throughout an “ Hessians," who remained in the country for seven irritating use of two words, “ere” and “ethics," years, and wrote several special works about the natural history of the colonies. After the war had the latter always in a most unusual sense. come to end, he made the extensive journey described in the work now before us. Mary Austin's drama “The Arrow The play A new edition of Ward Hill Lamon's « Recollections and the book, de wapel, is seen at I ne Maker," as seen at The New Theatre of Abraham Lincoln” has been edited and published at the tail-end of its last season, is a by his daughter, Dorothy Lamon Teillard. The addi- worthy attempt to deal with a picturesque and tions to the original volume, publised fifteen years ago, interesting native theme, rather than a successful are some fac-similes of Lincoln manuscripts and an play for stage purposes. The New York critics appendix of letters written by friends of Lincoln to conceded its pictorial value, its beautiful setting, Mr. Lamon fifty years ago. Ward Lamon was one and the fine opportunity it offered Miss Wynne- of Lincoln's intimate personal friends in his earlier Matthison — an opportunity firmly grasped by that years, and was taken by him to Washington and kept near at hand for personal intercourse and friendly capable player. But a reading of the play as it support in the position of Marshal of the District of now appears in book form (Duffield & Co.) plainly Columbia. He thus knew Lincoln thoroughly, and his reveals that while excellent material is to be found book was written from first-hand knowledge. It is inter- in it, the handling is not such as to give the progres- l esting and on the whole trustworthy in the incidents 1911.] THE DIAL given, and the light thrown on Lincoln's character; but Tinker's Wedding," and the sketches of Irish life and its material has been mainly incorporated into more travel entitled “The Aran Islands." Other volumes recent biographies. will follow at intervals. Readers of THE DIAL will Among those public libraries that concern themselves recall Mr. Warren Barton Blake's detailed account of with the preparation and publication of instructive and Synge and his work published in our issue of January timely papers on subjects of local or more general in 16 last. terest, the Free Public Library of Jersey City deserves Collectors of Americana, and librarians, will be glad honorable mention. It was not long ago that we had to know that Messrs. Henry Stevens Son & Stiles of occasion to commend its excellent illustrated pamphlet London have just issued a second « Catalogue of Rare tracing the early history of the settlement that after Americana,” extending to over two hundred pages, ward became known as Jersey City. And now, in and listing perhaps a thousand items. The extensive celebration of Flag Day (June 14), it has issued an bibliographical notes and descriptions give the publica- eight-page treatise on “The American Flag,” packed tion a value not often attached to dealers' catalogues. with information on the subject of flags in general and "The Grain of Dust,” published a few months ago, our own flag in particular. The little work is of is by no means the last book which we are to have anonymous authorship, but we are informed that it is from the pen of the late David Graham Phillips. The from the pen of the assistant librarian, who has evidently Messrs. Appleton have a novel by him in preparation had no lack of material to draw upon in the library of for issue next Fall; and three other stories are to ap- the city. No list of authorities is appended, but a pear within a year or two. All of these forthcoming footnote informs the reader of “a large and valuable books had been finished a considerable time before collection of books and magazine articles " in the library, Mr. Phillips's death. and available for reference or for home reading. To the charming series of Oxford reprints of first Not long ago, the Rev. Joseph H. Crooker pub editions (Frowde) we now have added Shelley's lished his volume on “The Church of Today." He “ Prometheus Bound" of 1820, edited by Mr. A.M. D. has now given us a companion volume entitled “The Hughes; and Browning's “Men and Women" of 1855, Church of Tomorrow" (Pilgrim Press). The books edited by Mr. G. E. Hadow. These books are just as were written by one who is an ardent disciple of good as originals for the purposes of scholarship and Christianity, but who has in no way identified himself textual verification, and should be very welcome to with any dogma, ritual, or ecclesiastical organization. students with short purses. Both volumes were drawn out by the controversy Volume IV. of the new edition of Crowe and Caval- which is waged by the science and philosophy of our caselle's “History of Painting in Italy” has just been time, with the several expositions of faith, as not resting published by the Messrs. Scribner. The work is under on a broad and universal basis. The author accepts the editorial supervision of Messrs. Langton Douglas these grounds of criticism, and gives a view of the and G. de Nicola, and the volume now at hand is church, present and to come, which reposes its claims devoted to the “ Florentine Masters of the Fifteenth broadly on all human knowlege. The first book was Century.” This sumptuous publication is a part of the remarkable for the justness and enthusiasm of its state- necessary equipment of every student of Italian art. ments, and yet for their soundness and sufficiency. A supplement to Wagner's Autobiography, reviewed The second book shares these qualities, though one elsewhere in this issue, is to be published shortly by may feel that, dealing with a topic more conjectural, Messrs. Macmillan, in the shape of an English transla- the style is not as simple and impressive as in the tion of « The Family Letters of Richard Wagner.". former work. The translation has been done by Mr. Ashton Ellis. There also comes from Germany the report that a new Wagner manuscript has been discovered. It is said to be a chorus with orchestral accompaniment, written in NOTES. 1843 for the unveiling of a monument to Frederick August the Just. M. Edmond Rostand is said to be engaged upon a “ For Her Namesake: An Anthology of Poetical translation of Goethe's works into French. The first Addresses from Devout Lovers to Gentle Maidens” is volumes to appear will be “Goetz von berlichingen” the complete title of a charming volume compiled by and «Tasso." Mr. Stephen Langton and published by Messrs. Dana An anonymous London philanthropist has lately set Estes & Co. There are one or two selections for each aside the sum of $100,000 to be devoted to the dis of a long list of feminine names, arranged in alphabeti- tribution of Norman Angell's notable contribution to cal order. Handmade paper, decorative end-leaves the peace movement, « The Great Ilusion.” and cover, and presswork in two colors, combine to “A History of Common School Funds,” by Dr. form an exterior setting that could not easily be en- Fletcher H. Swift, Professor of Education in the Uni hanced in attractiveness. versity of Minnesota, will be published immediately by Four volumes of literary interest announced for Messrs. Holt. This volume is said to be the first at | Autumn publication by the Baker & Taylor Co. are tenipt to give a comprehensive account of the perma « The Poet's New England," by Miss Helen A. Clarke; nent public common-school funds in the United States “ The Paracelsus of Robert Browning,” by Mrs. Chris- and their influence. tina P. Denison; “ Robert Louis Stevenson: A Familiar The works of John M. Synge are being issued in | Study,” by Dr. Clayton Hamilton; and “ Loves of the American editions (presumably through arrangement Poets," by Mr. Richard Le Gallienne. This firm also with Synge's executors) by Messrs. John W. Luce & announces « The Book of Scottish Poetry," compiled Co. Three volumes have already appeared, comprising | by Sir George Douglas, Bart., and Miss Edith Rickert's the two short plays, “ Riders to the Sea ” and “The 1 long-delayed anthology of “ American Lyrics." 24 [July 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. July, 1911. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 84 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. My Life. By Richard Wagner. In two volumes, illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo. Dodd, Mead & Co. $8. net. The Autobiography of Alfred Austin, Poet Laureate, 1835-1910. In two volumes, illustrated in photogravure, 8vo. Macmillan Co. $7.50 net. The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe: A Record of a Norfolk Family Compiled from Unpublished Letters and Notebooks, 1787-1842. By M.Eyre Matcham. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 306 pages. John Lane Co. $5. net. Sir William Butler: An Autobiography. By N. F. Butler, C.G.B. Illustrated in photogravure, 8vo, 476 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $. net. The Life of Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society. with Some Notices of his Friends and Contemporaries. By Edward Smith, Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 348 pages. John Lane Co. $4. net. The Herkomers. By Hubert von Herkomer, LL.D. In two volumes, Vol. II.; illustrated, 8vo, 234 pages. Macmillan Co. $2. net. The Publio Life of Joseph Dudley: A Study of the Colonial Policy of the Stuarts in New England, 1660-1715. By Everett Kirnball, Ph.D. 8vo, 239 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2, net. John Dennis : His Life and Criticism. By H. G. Paul, Ph.D. With portrait, 8vo, 229 pages. Columbia University Press. $1.25. William the Silent, Prince of Orange (1533-1584), and the Revolt of the Netherlands. By Ruth Putnam. Illustrated, 12mo, 518 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net. The Queens of Roman England and their Successors. By Alice D'Alco. Illustrated, 12mo, 140 pages. Boston: Everett Publishing Co. $2. Theodore Parker, Anniversaries of Birth and Death, Cele- brated in Chicago, November 13-20, 1910. With portrait, 8vo, 212 pages. Chicago: Unity Publishing Co. 75 cts. Accent, The Feminine. Shaemas O'Sheel. Forum. Apostles of Reasonableness. Newman Smyth. Century. Arbitration with Honor. Albert B. Hart. World To-day. Armed Peace, Remedy for. D'Estournelles de Constant. Forum. Art, The Subject in. Kenyon Cox. Scribner. Beehive. A Crisis in the. John Preston True. Atlantic. Bierce, Ambrose. Frederick Taber Cooper. Bookman. 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THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS Lemcke & Buechner, Agents 30-32 West 27th Street NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Enformation. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of THACKERAY. each month. TERMS OT SUBSCRIPTION, 82, a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year ertra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or It is nearly forty-eight years since Thackeray by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. died; for this is the centenary year of his birth, Unless othercise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub and he lived only to Shakespeare's age. We scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com set no other Englishman at Shakespeare's side, munications should be addressed to but of those whom we perforce rank below him THE DIAL, Pine Arts Building, Chicago. there are perhaps not more than a dozen who Entered u Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. have as large a share as Thackeray in our af- fection and admiration. In the matter of per- No. 602. JULY 16, 1911. Vol. LI. sonality, he is far more to us than the great Elizabethan; for the latter is a shadowy figure CONTENTS. whose character is to us almost wholly inferen- THACKERAY. .............. 31 tial--built up in imagination from those traits A STUDY IN PROPORTION. Charles Leonard of tenderness and sympathy which must have Moore · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 33 existed in the creator of Shakespeare's world CASUAL COMMENT .... of men and women. But Thackeray is ours in A coronation without a coronation-ode.-Coronation a far more definite and intimate sense; we honors to English men of letters. -An exhibition of know him in his habit as he lived, in the way Thackerayana. — The problem of the unused book. -The fish in literature. - Legislators' English. - of familiar intercourse, and in the manifold Juvenile book-hunger. - The liberty of a loosened revelations that we owe to the members of his spirit.-Apropos of Thackeray.-An anti-Wagnerian family and social circle. And thus knowing music-critic. - A class reunion extraordinary.-The multiplication of academic degrees. him we wonder at the richness of his mind and THE EVOLUTION OF A POET LAUREATE. the iridescent quality of its expression, at the Percy F. Bicknell . . . . . . · · 38 warmth of his heart and the degree in which it THE FRANKFORT BOOK FAIR. George Haven endeared him to his fellow men. Vainly he Putnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sought, by his injunction that he should not be ANDES AND AMAZON. Julian Park ..... 44 made the subject of a biography, to give finality to his exit from the world of men ; posterity “ VOTES FOR WOMEN.” T. D. A. Cockerell . . . 45 Miss Pankhurst's The Suffragette. – Mill's The has not consented to have it thus, and has Subjection of Women (new ed.). – Miss Seawell's clung determinedly to his memory, using every The Ladies' Battle. - Mrs. Dorr's What Fight Mil- available means to keep it from oblivion, and lion Women Want. - Hecker's Short History of Women's Rights. - Miss Sharp's Rebel Women. - displaying a possibly over-zealous purpose Coit's Woman in Church and State. to preserve every scrap of his writing, every RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . . . 48 line of his pencil, and every incident of his Mitchell's John Sherwood, Ironmaster.--Lynde's The daily life. Affection is not often accompanied Price.-Harrison's Queed.-Comfort's She Buildeth her House. - Scott's In her Own Right.-Webster's by critical discrimination, but it is at least “ a The Girl in the Other Seat. -Sharts's The Vintage. good fault” which has led to this raking up of - Parrish's Love under Fire.-Miss Johnston's The reminiscence and this ransacking of the literary Long Roll. - Miss Glasgow's The Miller of Old Church. waste-paper basket. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... We have had countless novelists since The evolution of literature.- Florentine yesterdays Thackeray; we have new ones every year, and and todays. -Sir Perceval, Knight of the Holy acclaim the better of them in terms that will be Grail. - Saunters through London club-land. - amusing to recall when we shall have got the Forerunners of Italian opera. - A volume of well- reasoned timely essays.-A Pacific cruise in a 50-foot new-comers into some sort of perspective. We boat. - A defense of Captain Kidd.- A survey of sometimes take such delight in a new trick of Colonel Ingersoll's life and work.- A unique hymn- style, or a new angle of observation, or an book. ingenious new form of construction, that we BRIEFER MENTION. ........... fondly imagine the past surpassed, and from the NOTES ················· 55 vantage-point of our more refined modern art LIST OF NEW BOOKS .......... 56 | aver, as in one noteworthy instance, that Thack- 32 [July 16, THE DIAL eray's " confidential attitude” would in a modcause he pictured the life about him with ern novelist be found as insufferable as Richard- incisive truth. It was a foolish charge, and son's prolixity or Fielding's coarseness. But has been refuted a thousand times. Could any- presently we forget the paragon of literary ex one suppose that it delighted him to see men and cellence who has persuaded us to so unguarded women actuated by mean motives, or imagine an outburst, and discern again in our Thackeray that his zest in analyzing various forms of base- a combination of virtues that makes the best of ness was the index of anything but contempt our new discoveries seem the merest creatures and indignation on bis part ? But his business of a day in the comparison. We have only to as a novelist was to depict life as he found it in re-open the long-closed pages, and their spell is his own milieu ; it was by thus holding the again upon us, making us wonder at our own mirror up to his own time that he appeared to forgetfulness, and at our readiness to mistake the clear-souled Charlotte Brontë as “the first pinchbeck, or even an alloy of low grade, for social regenerator of the day,” and is revealed the precious metal. There are faults in Thack in such guise to all who look beneath the surface eray, no doubt, and things that some later of his writings, and supplement their knowledge writers have learned to do better than he could of the books by acquaintance with the man. do them; but what can these matter in the light | Thackeray's account has now been long of the wealth which he offers us with so lavish a enough closed, and searchingly enough audited, hand? The sun may have spots, but we should to enable us to know pretty closely how it be ill-advised to worship in its stead any pale stands. As a stylist, he has few equals in our though spotless luminary, without the vivifying literature. “Nobody in our day wrote with warmth that is the gift of the orb of day. such perfection of style,” was Carlyle's verdict; The Victorian period of English literature, and Lowell spoke of the style as “beyond especially that earlier part of it of which self praise-80 easy, so limpid, showing everywhere satisfaction and smug respectability were the by unobtrusive allusions how rich he was in salient characteristics, has now receded so far modern culture." As a novelist, he was the into the distant past that we may fully realize greatest of his time — and that the flowering its contracted vision and its intellectual limita time of British fiction — with probably only tions. Criticism has dealt with it somewhat Fielding and Scott for his peers in the whole severely, and been disposed to emphasize its range of our literature. As a satirical com- defects at the expense of its merits. It was a mentator upon humanity, he was one of the stagnant period, and its deadening influence most penetrating spirits that ever lived, but was felt in all its phases of artistic expression. with the temper of Horace and Montaigne Yet it was a period that produced many out rather than with that of Juvenal and Swift. standing literary personalities, whose voices “Love is a higher intellectual exercise than could not be altogether smothered, but persis hatred,” he once wrote to a friend. As a man, tently cried out in the wilderness of common he was about as finely moulded in character as place existence and comfortable philistinism. humankind is ever permitted to be, lovable as The products of that age which survive do so by Lamb and Stevenson were lovable, and a very virtue of the accent of protest and prophesy few others of the writing kind. And when he rather than of the accent of acquiescence. went to “God's next world” an American Thackeray survives splendidly in his style and poet, Richard Henry Stoddard, was moved to his deep humanity. “In what other novelist,” | write for him this epitaph: says Mr. Andrew Lang in his invocation of “ Where grand old Homer sits Thackeray's shade,“ since Scott was worn down In godlike state benign; Where broods in endless thought by the burden of a forlorn endeavor, and died The awful Florentine; for honor's sake, has the world found so many Where sweet Cervantes walks, of the fairest gifts combined ? If we may not A smile on his grave face; call you a poet, who that was less than a poet Where gossips quaint Montaigne, The wisest of the race; ever saw life with a glance so keen as yours, so Where Goethe looks through all steady, and so sane? Your pathos was never With that calm eye of his; cheap, your laughter never forced ; your sigh Where — little seen but light- was never the pulpit trick of the preacher.” The only Shakespeare is; Living in a society based in large measure There this new spirit came. They asked him, drawing near, upon shams and hypocrisies, Thackeray natur- · Art thou become like us ?' ally incurred the charge of cynicism merely be- He answered, I am here.'” 1911.] 33 THE DIAL A STUDY IN PROPORTION. acter which he has made peculiarly his own — the brilliant, intellectual, fearless girl, who is really On a hill a little remote from but still overlooking “a pure anticipated cognition " of our most recent the town of Stratford in England there is a granite feminine ideals. Where did he get his conception? shaft, nearly a hundred feet high, which dominates Of course, history is strewn over with women of the neighborhood. The history of its erection is as force and intellect, from Hypatia to Joan of ’Arc; follows: A young man of Stratford, in the manner and many others emerged from mythology and of his predecessor Shakespeare, went up to London, poetry - the Greek and Scandinavian goddesses but instead of going into poetry devoted himself and heroines, the Clorinda of Tasso, the Britomart to the manufacture of that other intoxicant, beer. of Spenser. These are satisfactory enough in Accumulating a fortune, he returned to his native action, but it was reserved for Shakespeare to town, and, possibly fearing that posterity might not make them speak. Retaining the nobility of char- realize his superiority to Shakespeare, built himself | acter belonging to the scattered historic or mythical this monument. women, he gave them the glittering rapier of the It seems to me that it is a symbol of what is hap tongue, by which they could more than hold their pening all over the world to-day. Shakespeare is own against their opposites or enemies, the men. accepted as the standard of human greatness, and There are many studies of this wise-virgin type people are everywhere putting up memorials to in Shakespeare — Beatrice, Portia, Isabella; but themselves, or to those they admire, to equal or over his best all-around girl is Rosalind. Fearless, top his. In criticism, biography, current talk, there witty, true hearted, and brilliant, she is his most is a continual shriek arising that “ I, thou, he or she dazzling if not deepest female creation. For cen- is as great as Shakespeare.” Is there any modern turies she has been the favorite of the English writer of importance who has not been compared speaking stage. As Hamlet is said to be actor- with, preferred to, or at least judged only a shade proof, so Rosalind plays herself. Many actresses less potent than, the master-poet? Even the votaries have interpreted her supremely well; but, given of practical life have been drawn into the vortex only the most modest equipment, it would be of Shakespearian comparison. A pedestal for Mr. | difficult for any young woman to fail entirely in Rockefeller, of course, — but how in the world does presenting the part. For one thing, Rosalind domi- oil come into competition with poetry? It is im nates her play as completely as Hamlet does his. mensely flattering to Shakespeare that he is selected She is the central fire which lights up all the other to keep the list against all comers; but a better pensive and rather shadowy characters. Even in sense of values and proportion would discharge him her eclipse at court, the reigning Duke's daughter from his perpetual vigil. A champion of the Ring is only a foil to her, and she goes into exile like is not expected to meet a new aspirant for the belt a torch carried through the woods. Probably the until the latter has overcome all other aspirants. very best kind of a young woman has a touch of Literary criticism has not yet decided who is the boy in her. Something more of Rosalind than greatest writer of the last century. Byron, Hugo, her attire is virile. She seeks adventures like a Wordsworth, Balzac, Shelley, Dickens, Tolstoi, and Paladin; and though she faints when her affections a score or so of others, are in the running. Each receive a shock, we feel that she would meet real of these has his crowd of followers who cry his danger with heroism. But of course her supreme name to the skies. In the sober judgment of the gift is that of brilliant speech. It runs through all world, only one modern has drawn himself out of the gamut of which wit is capable —gayety, mock- the ruck and got into the class with Shakespeare. ery, irony, badinage, humor, sarcasm. Yet it is And Goethe — as he saw and said himself - has never less than womanly, ladylike. She is the bril. little of the power of his predecessor. liant forerunner of the Bachelor Girl of to-day — Near things loom large, and new things are the bright exemplar whom most women would like usually bright. Criticism is largely a matter of to resemble. Let us see if any subsequent literary nerves ; appreciation depends on subjective feeling. creator has made her match. What is novel strikes us with more force than The intellectual heroine, once invented, had more what we have long known. And there is a meas- | or less to conquer the world; and accordingly ure of truth in Victor Hugo's fine saying that all we find Molière much concerned with her. In masterpieces are equal. Anyone who has done several of his comedies, he merely satirizes her; perfectly a piece of work, however small, which is but at length he feels her fascination, and begins of constant appeal, is free of the domain of letters. to realize her, after the French type, in “ The But writers differ in intensity, variety, velocity, Misanthrope.” Célimène is a thinner and harder mass. There are many elements which must be creation than Rosalind. All romance is left out of calculated before we can assign them their respec her. She flies the woods and desert wastes, as tive importance. Rosalind hies to them. She is of the city and Just to lift one corner of the cloud-curtain of society. Her speech has none of the rich natural that supreme and starry world of Shakespeare joy of Rosalind's. It is calculated — polished to a which impends over modern literature, I should like cutting edge. And in spite of its high breeding- to make a little study of the type of female char- | the air of the grand dame which Molière contrives 34 [July 16, THE DIAL to stamp upon it - it has something of a hint of Wit there is in plenty in the pages of Jane the repartee of the fish-market. Yet Célimène has | Austen ; but it is a delicate wit, a miniature wit - at least the suspicion of a heart. Though she pre- | hardly that nurtured by high natural spirits or fers to torment, she might possibly be induced to polished in the strife of the world. Elizabeth love. As it is, she is perhaps the most fascinating Bennet is the prose Rosalind of an English country- young woman in French comedy ; only, she is not side. She is quite adequate to her occasions and central in her play, as Rosalind is in hers. At surroundings; perfectly able to take care of herself most, she is a siren of the surf whose white arms where nothing is likely to happen to her, and ca- wreathe round or beckon afar to the dark abrupt pable of conquering where there are no antagonists rock of Alceste. worthy of her steel. She is as brilliant as quiet Congreve's Millamant is Rosalind's nearest rival good taste will permit her to be. Tamed Rusalind in literature. She is the artifice of artificiality. | as she is, we all love her and think Darcy's man- She lives and breathes in the atmosphere of Pope's sion and park her fitting reward. “ Rape of the Lock.” But in her own sphere she George Sand preached the evangel of woman's is as rich a creation as her Shakespearian sister. rights, and illustrated it to the extreme in her own She is more mature. She is all woman. There is life. It is natural, therefore, that we should look certainly no shadow of the doublet and hose in her to her for some brilliant exemplar of the woman disposition. She has vapors and languors and in- of intellect. It is pretty hard to find one in her effable airs. She demands admiration as a right works. The Indianas and Consuelos revolt, but they She lives on a diet of the hearts of men. Like a revenge themselves on man by physical rather than divinity, she would starve if the smoke of incense intellectual means. Edmée in “Mauprat” is per- were shut off from her. Yet she is utterly without haps her most brilliant heroine. She fights the duel ill-nature, and we feel that at bottom she is asof sex with sweetness, constancy, and valor. But loving as she is lovable. In speech at least, she is George Sand's languorous and multitudinous prose fully the equal of Rosalind or Célimène. Perhaps is hardly calculated to receive the stamp of wit- more than is the case with either of these, her coinage. We may dismiss even Edmée as only an words are impregnated with her personality. We acolyte in the temple of female intellect. hear the tones of her voice in them, see her smile George Meredith was interested all his life in and gesture. English speech has never fallen in the question of woman's intellectual equality with more faultless cadences than from her tongue. But man. He believed in it and fought for it; and after all, though she has nothing in her of the minx when he made his greatest effort to exemplify it that Célimène displays, she is only a poor rela | he seems to have persuaded himself that he had tion of Rosalind in point of character. won his cause and achieved a masterpiece. And, Lady Teazle is the daughter of Célimène — mer- | verily, by his enthusiasm he almost persuades his rier, shallower, more rowdyish. She picks up the readers also. Before Diana of the Crossways he rapier of wit and dashes into the great scandal prostrates himself with Eastern obeisance. He scene with immense animation ; but she does not serves her as a lover and a slave. He thinks no dominate and direct her coterie as Célimène does. | evil of her himself, nor will he permit anyone else And in that most effective of all comedy situations, to do so. Probably no author ever exhibited his the screen scene, her sword drops from her hand adoration of a character to such an extent. Yet and she is dumb. She is a slight personage indeed when the reader can free himself from Meredith's compared with the rich full-blooded girls of Shakespecial pleading, things do not seem to be as he speare or Congreve. states them. Diana does about everything that she So much for the dramatists in their best embodi- | ought not to do. Endowed with a small property ments of this type. The novelists, of course, have and many friends, she yet permits herself to con- taken it up; but it may be said at once that their tract a loveless marriage with the first well-to-do success is in inverse ratio to the mass of their man who offers himself. From him she runs away, efforts. The twenty thousand words of a play may and only is saved from scandal — rather mysteri- generally be depended upon to produce a more ously — by the intervention of a former lover. distinct creation than the one hundred and fifty | Then she becomes a Blue-stocking, writes “bril- thousand of a novel. Scott's Di Vernon is perhaps liant” novels, and sets up a rather emancipated the first satisfactory instance of the type in novel salon in London. She flirts with an aged prime literature. She is a girl of gold. She is as high minister, and falls in love with his rising nephew; spirited and fearless as Rosalind, and is engaged in and she betrays him with inexplicable Judas scenes almost as romantic. She protects the man treachery for a sum of money. Perhaps this is all she loves, and fences with and foils her treacherous right - perhaps a woman is permitted to do these cousin. But though Scott allows her to be un- | things; but what we are most concerned with is conventional in action, he hardly permits her to Diana's succession to the throne of wit and intel- rise out of conventionality in speech. Indeed, though lect founded by Rosalind. Meredith assures us he could be terse and vivid enough in speeches of that this is so. He has even less patience with passion or eccentric character, his dialogue does readers who doubt her wit than with those who not often shine or glow with wit. hesitate at her character. Now while there may 1911.] 35 THE DIAL be no question at all that the novelist himself had a CORONATION HONORS TO ENGLISH MEN OF LET- great inheritance of wit, he seems absolutely unable TERS were but meagrely bestowed, perhaps because to estate his cherished heroine with any of it. As the list of other classes of prospective recipients had long as he keeps on describing her, lighting her up attained so formidable a length before the poor with his own verbal torches, we fancy that she does scribblers were reached. But Mr. Sidney Lee, of really dim the glories of Célimène or Millamant. “National Biography ” fame and a contributor to But the moment she opens her mouth she is betrayed. our knowledge of Shakespeare, was knighted; he Compared with them, she can hardly say “Bo” to well deserved the distinction, as did also, for equally a goose. It is certainly singular, that back in the good reasons, Professor Walter Raleigh, who is now dark ages when women's intellectual equality with Sir Walter Raleigh, which has a fine as well as a man was hardly suspected, Shakespeare should have familiar sound. Why, however, should these honors projected the most brilliant female figure in fiction; | to writers have been restricted to scholars ? Mr. while recently, in the very van of the feminist | Thomas Hardy, who has certainly deserved well of movement, and in the tendance of an intense be | his country, still lives, untitled though not un- liever in that creed, the clear bright flame of the honored; and the name of H. G. Wells will occur Rosalind type should sputter out in the dismal | to many as among the more gifted writers of his failure of Diana. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. time. Is Mr. Kipling also to live out his life as a commoner? While honors are going, these and other names of “creative” authors naturally occur CASUAL COMMENT. to one. But let us hope these men of genius regard with a becoming indifference “ rank, title, and all A CORONATION WITHOUT A CORONATION - ODE) the solemn plausibilities of the world.” strikes one, if one happens to think of it, as wanting in completeness. What is a poet laureate for, if AN EXHIBITION OF THACKERAYANA, in commem- not to tune his lyre on such occasions? Mr. Alfred oration of the hundredth recurrence of the great Austin, in his just-published Autobiography, says novelist's birthday, is now the leading attraction at in reference to Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee: the Boston Public Library. In the Fine Arts “ Though, as I have already pointed out, it is rec- Room have been placed on view not only the ognized that no obligation is imposed on the Poet library's treasures in rare Thackeray editions and Laureate to write on any event or occasion, I could other objects of interest to Thackeray-readers, but not help feeling that for such a celebration a Poem also a number of valuable loans from outside. by him would be looked for. The whole nation Were it not now the vacation season, or had the was in a state of pleasurable enthusiasm, and there- forming of the collection begun earlier, the exhibi- fore in the best and most amiable of moods.” Ac- tion would doubtless have attained larger propor- cordingly, as many will remember, a set of verses tions. As it is, one notes the first edition of was produced which enjoyed a considerable news- Thackeray's first book “The Paris Sketch Book, paper publicity. One of our leading journals re- by Mr. Titmarsh,” also “ The Second Funeral of marks that on this later occasion “the King Napoleon” in the Werner fac-simile reprint of the appears to have forgotten to order the odist to original pamphlet; and, loaned by Mr. Francis ode,” — whereas it was the royal odist's part to | Bullard, “Vanity Fair,” “ The Newcomes,” and take the initiative if he felt moved to raise a pæan “ The Virginians," all in the original paper-covered of joy. But the coronation was not uncelebrated monthly numbers, and collectively worth a small in verse. An unlaureate Austin, surnamed Dobson, fortune. Some of the rarer American editions of seems to have stepped in at the last moment to Thackeray's writings are also exhibited, and sev- supply the omission in a poem which suggests rather eral interesting portraits, including reproductions pointedly a comparison between the products of the of his own inimitable drawings of himself. A unofficial and official bard. mutilated Thackeray letter from the Kate Field “ Not with high-vaulting phrase, or rush Of weak-winged epithets that tire collection is to be seen, and two copies of the very With their own weight, or formal gush, scarce programme of the Thackeray tableaux given We greet Thee, Sire!” at the Boston Music Hall twenty-five years ago by And another Alfred — Mr. Alfred Noyes - helps the Beneficent Society, and participated in by many us to bear the loss of the “formal gush" of an prominent persons of the city. The exhibition will official ode, by contributing a poem whose closing | continue through July. lines will meet a hearty response on this side of the “three thousand miles of sea” which separate THE PROBLEM OF THE UNUSED BOOK, of the book England and the United States : that cumbers the library shelves and is never read, “ They sundered. But how mightily they meet. has been made the object of careful study at the Hark! O'er three thousand miles of sea they greet Grand Rapids Public Library. Mr. Ranck, the The first gleam of the nobler years to be. librarian, describes in his current Report the careful They stand together in the morning light, examination of circulation records that was made in Here, in the vanguard of humanity, Shaking the heart of Chaos and Old Night the circulation department of the library, whereby With one harmonious Word – Peace and Good-will." it was revealed that, out of eighty thousand vol- 36 [July 16, THE DIAL umes, six hundred and fourteen had never budged Burroughs's “ Locusts and Wild Honey.” Of course from their places, or rather had never been drawn the Bible and Shakespeare and many of the Greek for home use, while there was a total of more than and Latin classics must be there, or will eventually thirteen thousand that had remained inactive for be there, because of their references to the sport periods of time varying from two years to forty. favored by the Newport collector. But the magni- Then, to prove how many of these sluggards were tude of his undertaking is considerably diminished hopeless cases, a plan was adopted by which they by the fact that the fish in fiction (that is, in novels) should be brought out in platoons and marshalled is apparently not included in his quest. before the borrowing public in open cases, awaiting the call to service. Of the first detachment, two LEGISLATORS' ENGLISH, as is well known by this hundred and five in number, twenty-eight aroused time, often leaves much to be desired in point of themselves from their dormant condition within a correctness, but it atones for this deficiency by in- month. “Gradually the Library expects,” says jecting an unexpected and truly refreshing element Mr. Ranck, “to place before the public nearly all of humor into the dryness and dulness of statutory or all of these books which, as far as the circulating law. For example, a Kentucky enactment forbids work of the Library is concerned, have been dead. “the discharge at random” of any “deadly weapon, It will be interesting to notice how many can be whether said weapon be loaded or unloaded.” It galvanized into life in this way. Another interest- was in Missouri, however, and not in the Bluegrass ing fact disclosed is the number of books among State (where such a law might have been expected), these that at one time were exceedingly popular.” that a statute was passed prescribing the ingredi- There will remain, after this test has been carried ents which alone might legally be used in the through, the problem of dealing with the hopelessly manufacture of beverages, and interdicting, by “dead” books, some system of space-economizing omission, the use of water for such purposes. A storage being suggested by Mr. Ranck, who of certain western State, zealous in the development course would not make the discarded volumes quite of its natural resources, established a horticultural inaccessible or strike their names from the cata- commission empowered “to employ an etymologist logue. It is interesting, as well as somewhat sur- and establish horticultural districts.” In providing prising, to note from his carefully prepared tables for a “ State Etymologist," it builded better than of statistics that biography contains more unused it knew. The Solons of Arizona are reported to volumes than any other class, a fact partly due, have passed a law at their late session making it a thinks Mr. Ranck, to the great number of biog- misdemeanor for any person “to pluck an ostrich raphies “written and published from a sense of feather or plume without the consent of the posses- duty, as pious memorials, rather than for any real sor” — an enactment that must have been worded literary or historical reason.” This whole study by a member of the Audubon Society, or of the of an important question, occupying four pages of S. P. C. A. • V A. . . . an unusually interesting and varied library report, JUVENILE BOOK-HUNGER, especially as observed seems to be, in most of its details, pioneer work. / among the little Poles and Greeks and Portuguese It would be useful to have returns from other and other non-Yankee children that throng the libraries concerning the same problem. branch libraries and reading-rooms in the poorer sections of our large cities, is as eager and insati- THE FISH IN LITERATURE, as also the fish in oral able as a growing child's hunger for food. These narrative and reminiscence, has played an impor- little fellow-citizens of ours, as noted recently at the tant part ; how important, may be at least partly North Bennet Street Reading Room in Boston, have indicated by calling attention to the size of the a wholesome craving “not only for fairy stories collection of books on angling, ichthyology, fish- and for all the mass of imaginative material in the culture, and kindred topics, owned by the Hon. general class of juvenile literature,' but also for the Daniel B. Fearing of Newport, Rhode Island. books which open the world of nature and of art to So noteworthy is this library that its owner enjoys their minds. “A book all about moths,' •a book the distinction of being the only book-collector where I can learn how to call the stars,' a book honored as such with a Harvard degree. There are with pictures of the North Pole,'— these are the already more than ten thousand volumes in the sorts of requests which pour into the ears of the collection, fifteen hundred of which were added attendants in the children's room in the North within the last year, and it is still growing. But End.” A further quotation may be permitted when one reads some of its titles, one sees less from the Boston Public Library's interesting Fifty. reason to wonder at the size of the library than to ninth Annual Report. “Among the children whom question whether any limits can be set to its possible we call happier than those who fill North Bennet growth. All sorts of books, – travels, biography, Street there are too many who must be coaxed or essays, poetry, — are welcomed, provided only driven to taste the joy of reading. But in North they have some allusion to fishing or to fishes. Bennet Street, the worn, shabby book is the key to a Thomson's “Seasons” and Pope's “Windsor palace of delight, and the crowded rooms are Forest” have a place on Mr. Fearing's shelves, positively ablaze with the sheer happiness which as do also Thoreau's “Walden” and Mr. John | radiates from the faces of the scores of reading 1911.] 37 THE DIAL boys and girls.” The pity is that they have not AN ANTI-WAGNERIAN MUSIC CRITIC, whose death long before this been provided with ampler quarters coincides with the appearance of the German com- for their intellectual refreshment. At present the poser's noteworthy autobiography, and whose de- children crowd the rooms to suffocation, and even votion to the cause of good music extended over cluster about the windows outside to see what hope half a century and more, has left by his departure of accommodation there is for them within. a vacancy in London's music world that will not soon be filled. Joseph Bennett, for many years THE LIBERTY OF A LOOSENED SPIRIT (to use music critic of the “ Daily Telegraph," and latterly Emily Dickinson's apt phrase) was never better known as the dean of his craft in England, died exemplified than in a touching incident reported last month at the age of eighty. Trained in his by a member of the Examining Committee of the youth in church music, he was for a while organist Boston Public Library. The scene is laid in the at Westminster Chapel, and he continued through squalid North Street reading-room. “The books life to cling to the old traditions, and, at least by were being distributed from the big wooden chest, his negative attitude, to oppose the musical trend while the children crowded about as at the un- of his times. At one period a warm friend of Sir earthing of hid treasure. One little chap on Arthur Sullivan, he deplored what he considered crutches waited impatiently in the background. It the latter's waste of unusual gifts in the composi- seemed as if the last book had been taken out when tion of light operas; and this lack of sympathy his thin voice cried, “Oh, teacher, ain't my Brownie | finally alienated the two. But the world at large book come?" There was a whole world of bitter finds cause for rejoicing in the serious Mr. Bennett's disappointment in his tone. Then from the very failure to turn his friend from “Pinafore” and bottom of the box his Brownie book was brought . Patience” and “ The Mikado " to oratorios and forth. He snatched it, tucked it under his arm, cantatas and grand opera. swung bravely off on his crutches to a corner of a table, seated himself, buttressed his elbows on the A CLASS REUNION EXTRAORDINARY, in which table and his head on his hands, and in two minutes every surviving member was present, though all had left behind him lameness and poverty and were octogenarians and had been graduated sixty- ignorance, and had become one who might well be two years ago, was held at the late Williams Col. the envy of a king.” And so we leave him, his lege commencement. But it ought in truthfulness “bequest of wings” more than making good the to be added that only two members of this class ('49) loss of the free use of his legs. still survive, and it will interest readers of The DIAL “He ate and drank the precious words, to learn that one of these members is Dr. John His spirit grew robust; Bascom, long an honored teacher of the college, He knew no more that he was poor, for thirteen years (1874-87) president of Wiscon- Nor that his frame was dust. sin University, prolific writer on literary, economic, He danced along the dingy days; And this bequest of wings philosophical, and religious topics, and for many Was but a book. What liberty years a valued contributor of book-reviews to these A loosen'd spirit brings!" pages. Dr. Bascom's home is in Williamstown, where he enjoys the consideration and respect due APROPOS OF THACKERAY, whose name and fame to a professor emeritus of distinguished services to are echoing and re-echoing this summer over a his alma mater and as a public-spirited citizen of considerable portion of the book reading world, the civic usefulness to his community. Nor is his fame centenary commemoration dinner, on June 28, at by any means restricted to his college and his town. the Charter-house, with the reception that followed and that was graced with the presence of the THE MULTIPLICATION OF ACADEMIC DEGREES, to novelist's daughter Lady Ritchie, who has also con- the delight of those who are unhappy without a tributed many articles of interest to the Thackeray string of initials after their names, has begun with exhibition opened two days later, deserves at least the creation of a new doctorate (which, by the way, passing mention, - as does the effort announced as was predicted by us a year ago in these columns) being made to identify the chambers occupied by by the University of Michigan. The expert atten- Pendennis in “Hare-court, in the Temple," for the tion now given to public health, with post-graduate purpose of marking them with a tablet. Of even courses to inculcate its principles, makes natural and greater interest to most of us is the publication in fitting the bestowal of a diploma that shall specify the June “ Harper" of that recently discovered the peculiar equipment of those who have mastered Thackeray manuscript entitled “Cockney Travels,” the science in its higher branches. Accordingly which the traveller's gifted daughter has so agree the degree of Doctor of Public Health has been ably annotated, and which is accompanied by a created by the above-named university, and the characteristic letter to “dear old Yedward ” Fitz first honorary recipients of the title are the heads Gerald, illustrated with a drawing of “the splendid of the health departments of Chicago and Detroit. chamber-maid at Chthlangothlen” and another | If this devising of new degrees is not carried to a hasty sketch. Truly this is a rich season for the ridiculous excess it may well prove a welcome relief Thackeray-lovers. Next year the Dickensites will to the strain now put on existing academic titles of have their turn. | honor, notably upon the much overworked LL.D. 38 [July 16, THE DIAL The New Books. the various non-Anglican colleges affiliated with it. Study for the bar followed, and he was called in 1857, but practised his profes- THE EVOLUTION OF A POET LAUREATE.* sion only three years, when a modest legacy Mr. Alfred Austin approaches the task of from his uncle Joseph Locke enabled him to writing the autobiography of a poet laureate abandon an irksome routine and devote himself with all the seriousness befitting so august an to the muses. Italy and poetry and the publi- undertaking. And indeed his “ Autobiog- cation of his first book (“ Randolph, a tale of raphy,” now published in two handsome vol- Polish Grief”), and other delightful matters, umes of generous proportions, is in one im- came crowding close upon one another at about portant sense an epoch-making work. For what this time, and the reader is made to feel how other poet laureate of England has ever left glorious and joyous a thing it was to the misfit behind him a full and satisfying history of his lawyer to be free, with all the world before gradual development from the grub of liter. him and no achievement in literature too ex- ature-nibbling immaturity, through the chrys- alted to be beyond the range of possibility. alis of meditative and silent growth, into the Courtship and marriage (to Miss Hester Mulock) glorious creature of aërial fight and tireless came in due course, and thereafter a life of in- wing ? Not one; nor (our still hale and vigor- creasing happiness and of growing absorption ous and youthful though no longer young in the interests and pursuits that most appealed Mr. Austin will join us in hoping) shall we to him. Not without cause does Mr. Austin soon have such another autobiography of a say of his book, in its opening paragraph : “I court poet of Britain. The “difficult and observe the prevailing note is one of cheerful- dangerous undertaking ” which he at the outset ness, due in great measure to the unmerited confesses such a work to be, though he applies good fortune that has attended the writer since the words to faithful autobiography in general, he had full liberty to make good or ill use of is not likely to be essayed more than once in the opportunities presented by life.” several generations. Mr. Austin's years in Rome and Florence Mr. Austin was born at Headingley, near and elsewhere in Italy fell at a fortunate time. Leeds, May 30, 1835, his father being a wool. The changes and modernizations that were soon stapler (the last in a line of apparently pros- to follow had not then been dreamed of, and perous wool-staplers), and his mother a Locke, the number of congenial fellow-countrymen sister of that Joseph Locke who with Robert sojourning in that land of sunshine was large. Stevenson made the plans and specifications for We find him enjoying the society of Charles the first railway in England. “ Intellectually Lever and his family, Thomas Adolphus clever she was not,” writes her son, “but she Trollope and Mrs. Trollope, Miss Isa Blagden was supremely intelligent; and her love of (whom the reader will remember as the intimate music, together with quickness and retentive- friend of the Brownings), Lady Orford and ness of it, as of old Songs and Ballads, was her two young daughters, Sir George and Lady great." The young Alfred was reared in the Otway, and, among foreigners, Pulszki the faith of his paternal ancestors, the Roman Hungarian patriot and exile, Bakounin the Catholic, and was therefore debarred from the Russian nihilist, and others. It is a little privileges of an Oxford or Cambridge educa- strange that we find no mention of either tion ; but the Jesuit and other sectarian schools Robert or Mrs. Browning in these Italian he attended were strong in the classics, and it wanderings, nor any of Walter Savage Landor; was to these and kindred studies that he felt | but the fact that it was not until the summer himself most powerfully drawn. Before he of 1860 that the first journey was made prob- was fourteen he was well-grounded in Latin, ably explains the matter sufficiently. French, and Greek, and was an eager reader Among passages of peculiar interest, either of everything readable that came within his as relating to the development of the poet or as reach. At eighteen he passed the examination containing his reflections on the art of poetry, for the bachelor's degree at London University, a few may be selected for quotation here from which at that time was empowered only to ex- the two ample volumes whose pages contain so amine and confer degrees on the students of much that will attract the student of Victorian literature. In one of these Mr. Austin pleas- *THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALFRED AUSTIN, POET LAUREATE. 1835–1910. With illustrations. In two vol- antly recalls his days of thraldom as a London umes. New York : The Macmillan Company. | law student. 1911.] 39 THE DIAL “On Sundays I not infrequently spent half the day his window - gave birth to a poem of some at Wimbledon, rural and unspoilt in those days, with length (" Two Visions ") which is reproduced some old friends of my own people, and who extended to me the greatest kindness. But it was the sights a smoothly-flowing piece of verse with some and sounds of Nature that gave me then, as since, the picturesque passages and apt phrases, but not chief of my pleasures. To hear, as I walked up from perhaps quite worth a whole night's sleep. the station to their house, the lark singing its way aloft, Mr. Austin's connection with the London to wander and sit among the gorse on the Common, to “ Standard” gives occasion for considerable listen to my accomplished bostess playing the Sonatas of Beethoven, these constituted my real life, and not interesting reminiscence, notably in connection •Sugden on Powers,' somebody else on · Remainders,' with the Franco-German War, whose progress or the Settlements and Conveyances' submitted to he reported for the above-named journal, and my inspection. Attendance at Lectures in Hall, and many of the chief actors with whom he came eating one's Dinners there, for three years, sufficed in those days, if one had a University Degree, to qualify into contact. Some good near-views of Bis- one for admission to the Bar; and of these facilities I marck, whom the journalist could not but availed myself. Maine was the Lecturer, the most greatly admire, are furnished, as also a picture erudite of his class; and, while he discoursed, I read of Paris in the closing days of the siege, and a some classical work or other in a living or dead 'tongue.” more than glimpse of Berlin en tête and the No poetry, declares Mr. Austin, is thor. triumphal entry of the victorious home-coming troops. But here is something more interest- oughly appreciated until it is known by heart; i and that he knows a good deal of it by heart ing, about Tennyson : “ When I left, he walked with me as far as the is apparent to his readers. It must be added, wooden gate that led into the lane I had come by, and, however, that his quotations are in the great in answer to my expressing the hope that I should be majority of instances from his own poems, welcome if I came to see him again, he said, but in a whole pages of which are frequently given as half-gruff manner, as though he disliked saying anything the readiest means known to the author for agreeable, I shall always be glad to see you. But just before this Au revoir! he said to me, as we leaned depicting his state of mind at a certain time, over the gate, What a vulgar people the English are ! or for presenting to view the successive They come here, to watch for me; and when they see stages in the evolution of the poet. Of his me, they exclaim quite loudly, « There's Tennyson." early readings, after Scott and Byron, he men- I repeated this afterwards to Mrs. Stuart Hodgson, tions Pope, Gray, Goldsmith, and Crabbe, and whereupon she said that he would have been much more annoyed if they did not come. I believe this to continues : be true, and to arise from, if I may use what may seem “I turned to them with almost equal interest, and to some a paradoxical expression, the intricate sim- they acted as a corrective, or complement at least, to plicity of his character. I once heard Hutton and Scott and Byron; thus early confirming in me what I Wilfrid Ward, in talking of him, differ utterly as to his then suspected, and have long been assured of, that disposition; one maintaining that he was the most self- the best poetry is romantic in feeling and classical in conscious, and the other that he was the simplest of expression. A potent stimulus to this conception of men. He seemed to me to be both; but he had been the dignity and character of poetry was imparted by my made self-conscious by others, whereas his simplicity first acquaintance with the Miad; nor was this confined was congenital with him, and remained part of himself. to school hours or the time assigned to study at St. To me the union of the two added to his attractiveness; Edward's. During the ensuing holidays, my sister and, after that first meeting, I went away liking him Winifred had to listen while I stood on the seat of the exceedingly." summer-house at Headingley, and declaimed to her Pope's version of the oratorical or sanguinary sequel to The author further eulogizes his “never-to-be- the fugitive frailty of Helen.” forgotten predecessor in the Laureateship” as A little clearer and better-expressed than the “ the greatest Poet of our time, and certainly conclusion of the foregoing is this from his the most popular,” forgetting that in popularity, first visit to Italy : from the bookseller's point of view, Longfellow “ The six months I spent in Rome were almost exceeded him. wholly barren of poetic production; but as I had come With good taste and commendable restraint, to Rome for Rome's own sake, and for the quiet in | Mr. Austin makes but brief reference to his ap- struction and enjoyment I expected and received from pointment as poet laureate, though he makes it it, I did not at the time trouble myself with that cir- evident that he was duly conscious of the honor cumstance. I did not then, any more than since, regard poetry as something to be produced by the mere exercise conferred. His book closes with the death of of the will; and during my first sojourn in Rome, the Edward the seventh and the completion of his occasions were few that spontaneously gave birth to it.”. own seventy-fifth year. It is with good reason One of these few occasions - a sleepless night that he looks back complacently on those seventy- during which the poet lay listening to the five years and views with a contented serious- plashing of the fountain in the square beneath ness what he has done to make them full years 40 [July 16, THE DIAL and not unmemorable. But the world has a carried on under very much greater difficulties cruel way of refusing to take altogether seriously than those which had to be met by Estienne a man who takes himself too much so; and in Paris a half century later. In the time of thus our autobiographer, with his somewhat con Aldus, there was practically no organization of spicuous lack of humor, becomes, in a manner the book-trade; and the facilities for reaching the reverse of Falstaff's, the cause of humor in | possible customers throughout Europe with cor- other men. We must not close without com respondence and with books, and of securing mending the excellent workmanship, in typo from the buyers the remittances for books de- graphy and illustration, that adds so much to livered, were very meagre. When Aldus had the attractiveness of the two volumes. taken the risk, with the aid of his friend and PERCY F. BICKNELL. editorial associate Musurus, of bringing into print an edition of a Greek text, his labors had only begun. It was then necessary for him to THE FRANKFORT Book FAIR.* come into correspondence with scholars in dis- tant convents and in the few university centres, In the reproduction of the “ Francofordiense and to make clear to these correspondents the Emporium of Henri Estienne,” Mr. James Westfall Thompson and the Caxton Club of purpose and character of the Greek literature that he was attempting to introduce into Europe. Chicago have made a noteworthy contribution If he could persuade the correspondent to send to the literature of the book-trade and to the an order for the book, he then had the task of literature of scholarship. The monograph, securing its safe transportation, often at a time which is now for the first time presented with the when inter-state connections were interrupted advantage of an English version, of a compre- hensive introduction, and of elucidating notes, by war; and, finally, he had to wait for many weary months before an opportunity occurred has long been famous in the literature of the for a safe sending of the payment due. It is book-trade, and as one of the most distinctive not to be wondered at that, with a passion for professional productions ever made by a pub- the production of scholarly, and particularly of lisher. The author, Henri Estienne the second, Greek, literature at a time when the demand is probably entitled to the highest rank among for such literature had still to be created, the printer-publishers who were not only manu- facturers of books but who contributed authori- Aldus should, after long years of painstaking labor, have died a poor man. tative scholarship as well to original writing as In the middle of the sixteenth century, at the to the editorial work of preparing for the press time of the beginning of the work of Henri the texts of books accepted as classics. The Estienne the second, a more scholarly public, contribution of Henri Estienne the first (whose interested in the purchase of editions of liter- work was done between the years 1496 and ature known as classical, had been created, and 1520) to the development of printing was more machinery was in existence through which these important than that of his grandson whose pub- lishing undertakings began in 1554 and ended possible buyers in universities, in ecclesiastical centres, and among the better educated of the with his death in 1598; but the contributions of the younger Estienne, in scholarly editing, in nobility, could be reached. The book-trade itself had been organized; and the most important original literary production, and in work for evidence and factor in such organization was the development of the book-trade and the fur- thering of the machinery for the distribution of the great Book Fair held in Frankfort. Frank- books, constituted together the most valuable fort had from the early part of the thirteenth century been utilized as the headquarters for a service rendered by any one of the long series semi-annual fair at which were distributed all of distinguished publishers of France, classes of goods brought together from all parts As a scholar among the publishers, Henri of the world. The institution at this Fair of a Estienne the second occupies, as pointed out, a section devoted to the sale of books dates back high, if not the highest, position in a series to 1480. Immediately after the beginning of which began with the institution in Venice, in printing, Frankfort had become an important 1494, of the printing press of Aldus Manutius. centre for book production ; and during the The undertakings of Aldus were, of course, century preceding 1450, the manuscript trade * THE FRANCOFORDIENSE EMPORIUM of Henri Estienne. in Frankfort had been more important than that Edited, with historical introduction, Latin text with English translation, and notes, by James Westfall Thompson. Illus- of any other city in Germany. trated. Chicago: The Caxton Club. Estienne made a practice of being in Frank, 1911.] THE DIAL fort twice a year with samples of his beautifully produced from these satisfactory printed edi- printed books and with the announcements of tions. After some experimenting, Fugger the books that he had in preparation or in plan. finally selected Estienne as the printer whose It was his custom to utilize the counsel of rep work could best be trusted to meet his own resentatives of the book-trade gathered together high standard of accuracy and beauty. The from all parts of Europe, for advice as to the Fugger family had for several generations wisdom, from a business point of view, of carried on business not only as merchants and undertakings that he had in plan. With his bankers but as what we should call forwarding own keen ambition to further the production agents. As far back as the time of Aldus, and distribution of scholarly literature, it not Estienne had found the Fuggers the most infrequently happened, as he naïvely reports responsible people through whom to make de- in his correspondence, that the publication of livery of books to his correspondents through- books which he believed would prove of out Europe and through whom to secure later material service to scholars throughout collection of the accounts. But the distribut- Europe was advised against by practical book- ing and collecting machinery of even so great selling friends on the ground that although a House as Fugger could not be trusted to they would undoubtedly be welcomed, they work smoothly in time of war. would not be wanted by enough people. The In 1558 Estienne issued the Edicts of Jus- problem of Henri Estienne in regard to works tinian, printed in Greek and Latin ; in 1559, of this class differs not at all from that of pub- the “ Bibliotheca ” of Diodorus with annota- lishers of to-day. The character of the books tions of his own, and in 1561 the complete that Estienne carried with him to Frankfort writings of Xenophon ; in 1563, the Catechism may be indicated by a brief selection from his of Calvin translated into Greek by the pub- publishing list. The first book issued with lisher, and a treatise, original with himself, his individual imprint (after the death of his on the relations between Greek and Latin ; father Robert) was an edition of the Odes of in 1564 "Fragmenta Pætarum Veterum Anacreon, printed in 1554. The volume con- | Latinorum.” This latter work was undertaken tains, in addition to the Greek text, a Latin out of regard for the memory of his father, version of the Odes, prepared by the publisher who had begun the collection of the material. himself. During 1555, Estienne was busy in In the same year he issued a Greek Anthology, Italy collecting and collating manuscripts. In with annotations by the publisher. By way of 1556 he issued an edition of the Psalms in a exciting the emulation of young poets, Henri Latin version. This was the combined work of introduced into his annotations fifty transla- George Buchanan a Scotchman, M. A. Flamin tions of a single distich. In 1566 he issued ius an Italian, Solomon Macrinus a Frenchman, the histories of Herodotus in a Latin version, and Helius Eobanus a German. The work and later an “ Apologia pro Herodoto.” This was completed under the editorial supervision latter became famous, and was brought into of Estienne himself. In this year, he began | print throughout Europe in a number of edi- work with a group of scholars whom he had tions, the latest one being that of the Hague brought together for the purpose, on his great in 1735. In 1568 he issued “ Annotationes “ Thesaurus Græcus.” In 1557, Estienne in Sophoclem et Euripidem, Henrici Stephani." produced editions of Æschylus, Aristotle, This book is evidence that such little matters Theophrastus, and Athenagoras; also the as the battles of St. Denis and Jarnac were not “ Lexicon Ciceronianum Græco-Latinum.” permitted to interfere either with the classical This last was his own compilation. studies or with the printing-office work of the In 1558 Henri gave evidence of the impor publisher. In 1572 Estienne conpleted the tance of his relations with Germany by accept most important production of his busy life, ing the appellation of Typographus illustris “ Thesaurus Græcæ Linguæ, ab Henrico viri Huldrici Fuggeri, etc. Huldric Fugger Stephano constructus,” etc., in four volumes, was a native of Augsburg, born in 1526. He folio, with two supplementary volumes contain- belonged to a family conspicuous for its anti ing an appendix and an index. A year later quity, its mercantile ability, and its wealth. | was issued a seventh volume, with two glossaries He was himself a scholar, and he became an | and a treatise on the dialects of Attica. This eminent patron of literary men. He expended « Thesaurus Græcus " was completed by Henri great sums in the purchase of trustworthy at about the same age as that at which his manuscripts of ancient authors and in having father Robert had published his Latin Thesau- 42 [July 16, THE DIAL rus. These two works would have been, for catalogues were the exception rather than the any generation of publishers, creditable ex- | rule. I quote from the English version of amples of scholarly and public-spirited enter Greswell. prise. In 1574 Estienne brought to completion “ I'm harassed by the crowd of those a magnificent impression of the works of Plato, At Frankfort who their wares expose ; the editorial work on which had been done And ever ask, “What are you doing chiefly by himself. According to Mattaire, In prospect of the Fair ensuing ? New works you'll show, impressions splendid, hardly a single typographical error is to be Where learning stands by Art commended ?' found in the three volumes. The first volume If I say "No,' 'Tis strange! what, none ? is dedicated to Elizabeth of England, the second At least then promise.next but one.' to James VI. of Scotland, and the third to the Still say I . No,' expostulation Assumes the tone of indignation Republic of Berne. When we remember that That Frankfort's mart's so strongly slighted, publishers like Robert and Henri were the And faith is broken - never plighted. compilers of the notes, commentaries, and Again, these quidnuncs set aside, separate treatises, which make up a large por- With letters, ceaseless, I'm annoyed, tion of the volumes, and that their labor as Italian, English, German, French, All on my studious hours entrench. editors and as authors was carried on in stormy •What last has been achieved and ended ? times and amidst the engrossing cares of an What are the impressions next intended ?' absorbing business, the Thesauri remain Nor to such modest queries stinted, magnificent monuments of the scholarship, the Of books in print or to be printed capacity, and the persistent energy of the two A thousand others they propound Which e'en a prophet would confound. Estiennes. The Thesaurus, like not a few other public-spirited undertakings of scholarly Of what advantage all these letters ? publishers, brought to this author-publisher Not stimulants are they, but fetters, loss instead of profit. King Henry the Third, As though you'd spur a steed that's idle, “ in consideration of the great service rendered Yet check his progress with the bridle. My press resists the condensation by Estienne to France and to literature,” That to such foppery gives attention; promised him, in 1578, a donation of three Stands still and bids them longer stay for thousand livres; but the money was never paid. All they suggest, or even pay for. As, however, this was a year of active warfare For this annoyance then, be sure Not small intent to find a cure. between the Catholic League and the Protest- Of books to former fairs I've given, ants, there may have been some excuse for the Or now project by leave of heaven, failure of the King to keep his promise. In These pages few, as best may suit you, 1568, Henri had printed his “ Epistola de suæ In form of catalogue salute you; typographicæ statu,” etc. This presents, in Which you'll my Rescript please to call, an Index librorum, a record of his publishing Addrest to none and yet to all.” undertakings, together with a description of the Henri's complaints concerning futile and purpose and character of the great“ Thesaurus." troublesome correspondents might, of course, A portion of the “ Epistola” is devoted to a be repeated to-day in many a publishing office; recital of the injuries done to the authors of but the modern publisher is helped out of the classical antiquity by ignorant and careless difficulty to some extent by his stenographers editors, and by credulous printers, ready to and typewriters. It remains a marvel how it accept on the authority of such editors new was possible, without any such time-saving readings and unfounded “emendations” in the appliances, for the publisher of the fifteenth text. The “ Epistola” closes with a humorous century to conduct a complicated business, to complaint of the trivial and harassing interrup- | give personal attention to preparing for the tions to which a scholarly publisher is exposed, press works calling for original scholarship and at the Frankfort Fair and elsewhere, from continued labor, and to carry on, in autograph applicants for information concerning his pub letters, his various forms of correspondence. lishing undertakings and plans. The complaint | Estienne's account of the Frankfort Fair is printed in Latin iambics. It will be noted was brought into print in 1574. The mono- that the Index librorum, or general catalogue, graph was written for the purpose of expressing of Estienne had been prepared for the purpose the cordial acknowledgments of the Paris pub- of answering in print inquiries from corres- lisher for the hospitality and services that had pondents. Aldus had been driven to a similar been extended to him, as to the representatives course as early as 1498, but even in 1568 | generally of the world's book-trade, in the 1911.) THE DIAL German city. The volume is dedicated to the he is paying in one town precisely the same price council and members of the Senate of Frank- / at which the book could be published in any fort. The author is interested not only in other town in the realm. The publishers and emphasizing the importance of the service ren booksellers are, under the system in force, in a dered to the world by the wise administrators position to prevent books from being utilized by of the Frankfort Fair, but the personal satis dry-goods dealers, or by dealers in any mer- faction secured by visitors to the great city. chandise, as an advertisement for their own Says Estienne : “ One leaves Frankfort with goods. There is in Germany too high an esteem regret, one returns to it with pleasure.” for the interests of the producers as well as for The monograph does not undertake to pre those of the consumers of literature, and too sent any detailed history of the Book Fair, or clear an understanding of the intellectual re- even an analysis or specific description of its quirements of the community, to permit the organization. Estienne is writing to the repre- undermining of bookselling machinery, which sentatives of the government of the city and is the sure result of the use of books for adver- on behalf of the members of the book-trade; he tising purposes. Under the law, no German does not undertake, therefore, to convey inform publishers can be accused of “conspiracy” ation to people who are already familiar with | because they take measures to prevent the book- the subject. Fortunately, however, the history sellers from being driven into bankruptcy. This of the Frankfort Book Fair has been given in result is due to an intelligent understanding, detail by a number of writers in Germany. which goes back to the Frankfort Fair of 1503, It was in connection with the Frankfort Book of the necessary conditions for the maintenance Fair that the organization of the book-trade of of the book trade; and Estienne, and the other Germany was brought about. The book-trade intelligent publishers and booksellers who association of Germany dates from 1503, and gathered together in Frankfort, were well has been continued and developed without break, justified in the cordial recognition given by during a period of more than four centuries, on them to the civilized intelligence with which practically the lines that were laid down in the the business was managed by their Frankfort preliminary organization. The German book hosts. trade was the first in Europe to bring about an The essay of Estienne has for centuries organization of its business; and it is because been an exceedingly scarce volume. Professor this organization is to-day more intelligent in Thompson has rendered a distinctive service to plan and more effective in operation than that all who are interested in the history of the book- of any other country, that the production and trade, and to scholarship generally, in making distribution of books in Germany is carried on this essay available for readers of the twentieth to the best advantage of all parties concerned. century not only in the original (Latin) text but In Germany alone, among all the literature in an excellent English version. The editor's producing and literature-consuming states of Introduction to the essay has a much larger his- the world, can the special student or the general torical value than is possessed by the essay itself. reader be assured of securing, in even the It is an admirable survey of the methods employed smallest town, a full representation of the liter- during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ature of the day and of the literature of past for the production and distribution of books. years, together with the service of an intelligent Professor Thompson has made a painstaking and often scholarly bookdealer to meet his in- | investigation of all the literature of the subject. quiries and fulfil his requirements. No author- His references and credits are so comprehensive ities in Germany, either of the individual states and complete that the essay constitutes a sat- or of the imperial government, have ever under isfactory bibliographical guide. In addition, taken to restrict the right of the producers of however, to the marginal references, Professor copyrighted property, and of their assigns, to Thompson has supplied a complete bibliography control the conditions under which the books of the subject. It remains only to say that the are distributed and sold. As a result, the reader book as printed in a limited edition of 303 in Germany secures, at a lower cost than any copies) constitutes a creditable and most beau- where else in the world, books representing an tiful example of American typography, a credit even and satisfactory quality of manufacture, and alike to the Caxton Club and to the Alderbrink the highest standard of scholarly accuracy and Press. authority. The buyer can also be assured that GEORGE HAVEN PUTNAM. THE DIAL [July 16, failed to share his father's views, and concluded ANDES AND AMAZON.* that “ it would be contrary to the Divine Will The tide of travel-books is obviously turning to unite two oceans which the Creator of the For the last year or so, South America has | world had separated, and that to attempt so been almost keeping up with Europe, and al- impious a deed would surely provoke some ap- ready we have had our fill of the narrative of palling catastrophe.” When we realize that the ordinary conventional South American trip | the death-rate among the employees of the -down the west coast, across the Andes to French company rose to over four hundred out Buenos Ayres, and up the Brazilian coast, or of a thousand, we can better conceive the mag- vice versa. Specific countries are now taken | nitude of the task that confronted the indomi- up with volumes to themselves; or if the nar- | table Colonel Gorgas. Panama is the oldest rative is personal, it must indeed treat of an European city on the mainland of the New unusual exploit to obtain a hearing. World. Such a personal narrative is Dr. H. J. In the pages which follow, as in his admir- Mozans' story of his trip from Panama to Lima, | able work dealing with Venezuela and Colombia, his minute examination of not only Inca ruins but | Dr. Mozans has endeavored not only to give a of the remains of the Spanish conquistadores, | picture of the country and the people as he saw and thence (the unusual part) his exploration | them, but also to summarize their hopes, aspi- of the Amazon from source to mouth. Much rations, and prospects; he has also discussed more, however, than the mere record of the trip, certain topics and reflections that must present interesting as that is, is presented here. From themselves to every traveller in the land of first to last we feel the author's interest, often the Incas, especially when he contemplates the enthusiasm, for the scenes witnessed and for the wonderful monuments scattered over that vast people among whom he travelled. According to territory. In doing this, he has drawn freely Mr. Roosevelt, who supplies the Introduction, on the works of the early chroniclers, most of the author “ is peculiarly fit to interpret for us whom are still unknown to English readers ; our neighbors to the south, and describes them and, where advisable, he has summarized the with sympathy, insight, and understanding conclusions of the most competent investigators. granted but to few.” In even more glowing | His wealth of quotation, not only from among colors does he paint the scenery of his unique | these more or less scientific facts, but especially trip, colors which to some may seem not too from a wide knowledge of Latin and English nicely laid on. His first sight of the Ecuador | poetry, is no less than amazing. “It is pleasant," ian Andes drew from him, such expressions as says Mr. Roosevelt, “ to travel in company with the following : “ Rising majestically far above one who knows books as well as men and man- the boundless forests at their feet, their snow | ners, and who yet cares also for all that is beau- capped peaks are, of a truth, the companions of tiful and terrible and grand in nature.” the morning star at dawn,' and of Hesperus It is no less a pleasure to travel with one at eventide, while during their mighty vigils | whose criticisms and comments are so kindly, they are visited by “troops of stars' that generous, and constructive. It is easy to find silently hymn their Creator's praise.” fault with our southern neighbors — hard to The chapter on the Panama Canal is a worthy bridge the lack of sympathy and understanding introduction ; and, since for the work done at between them and us. With the means for sup- Panama the author has naught but praise, plying this gap, Dr. Mozans deals interestingly tends to put all good patriots, and especially | in his last chapter. He is perhaps rather too Rooseveltians, in a comfortable frame of mind. optimistic, and takes insufficient account of the The history of the various attempts at canal racial differences which no amount of interna- building is admirably succinct. To enable us tional congresses and newspaper good-will can to realize the continuity of the enterprise, we permanently efface. Even that much-heralded are taken back to Cortes, who was apparently agent for international friendship, the Pan- the first to propose a canal here, his aim being American' Union, is regarded by our Latin the solution of the old problem of the North | neighbors as artificial, to be used by them west Passage. Charles V. had surveys made, chiefly as a means for staving off undue Euro- one of them covering almost precisely the ground pean influence. of the present cut; but Philip II., as usual, Dr. Mozans gives due space to the notorious poverty of our trade with South America, a * ALONG THE ANDES AND DOWN THE AMAZON. By H. J. Mozans. New York: D. Appleton & Co. | lack of commercial enterprise which is held to 1911.] THE DIAL be not only a financial but a political failing. “ VOTES FOR WOMEN."* The crux of the matter seems to be, not that “If all the diplomatists of a country were as humble too few steamers ply between our ports and slaves to the nation as those hospital nurses, how theirs, but that, setting out with full holds, flourishing that country would be! If all the women they more often than not come back empty. were just like those nurses, I decidedly agree with the With the notable exception of rubber, coffee, | suffragettes. But I think the noble slaves of the sugar, and tin. Buenos Ayres and Rio and gentle and fairer sex should not be so rough to box the policemen or throw stones to the window glasses." the rest export as a rule the same kind of - Yoshio Markino. goods that we do; and accordingly we have Mr. Markino's opinion, written after a little use for what they have to give us. The sojourn in a London hospital, will probably corollary to the first complaint is the indiffer- meet with rather general approval. The mili- ence and ineptness of the North American tant suffragettes, at first regarded with amuse- business man in his South American trade. It ment, have come to be thought of with alarm is merely a proof that he has not yet awakened and indignation in many quarters. At the to the tremendous possibilities of that trade; same time, they have certainly succeeded in for if he were really and vitally interested, it bringing the question of votes for women to would not take him long to get over that failing. the front, with a fair prospect of satisfactory Since American articles, he reasons, are as results. I recall a little incident of twenty-five near perfect as need be, there is no need to years ago, which illustrates the earlier attitude take pains; and if Brazilians prefer German toward female suffrage. At that time I lived machinery to ours, the loss is theirs. in a London suburb, and had for neighbor a On these practical questions, Dr. Mozans' prominent M. P., who represented a constitu- conclusions are in the main sound. It is a ency in Durham. At a local meeting, this pleasure to be able keenly to endorse his his- eminent person spoke his mind vigorously torical views — his ardent but discriminating against allowing women to vote, although, as praise of Pizarro, his estimate of the services we understood, he was considered an advocate of the early missionaries and friars, and a gen- of women's suffrage in Durham. Indignant at erally sane point of view regarding the con- this duplicity, I took occasion to send a report quistadores, whose only apology need be their of the meeting to one of the papers, and was environment and training. In fact, the purely pleased to hear that it got our politician into some personal element - personal to the point of trouble. In those days it was the popular thing monotony (such as sentence after sentence of to approve of “votes for women” with a wink, “From here I went to there, stopping on the as it were. A good Liberal might declare in way at Blank”) — largely yields place to a favor of this thing, gaining thereby a certain delightful narrative style, free from egotism, advantage, but confident that pothing would even eschewing names of the author's compan- be done. Some were no doubt sincere, but ions and hosts to a most impersonal degree. subsequent events have only too clearly proved It is a pity that in a work which will have that my neighbor at Bedford Park was no unique value in so many ways, some faults of worse than most of his associates. book-making should have crept in. Though In view of the humbug and apathy which the form of the book itself leaves nothing to existed, it is really amazing that a few women be desired, the illustrations are not always have in about five years been able to gather so clear; the proof-reading is lamentably careless, much support, and make so much trouble in not only in punctuation but also in spelling; England, that their demands are seriously con- and the index is most inadequate. Mr. Roose- velt " can recall no work on South America so *THE SUFFRAGETTE. By E. Sylvia Pankhurst. Illus- trated. New York: Sturgis & Walton. well worth reading.” One result, at least, of THE SUBJECTION OF WOMEN. By John Stuart Mill, a careful perusal will be the happy one of an New edition, with a Foreword by Carrie Chapman Catt. New York : Frederick A. Stokes Co. increased faith in the destiny of these fascinat- THE LADIES' BATTLE. By Molly Elliot Seawell. New ing republics. JULIAN PARK. York: The Macmillan Co. What Eight MILLION WOMEN Want. By Rheta Childe Dorr. Illustrated. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. A Short History OF WOMEN's Rights. By Eugene A. Those who have looked with interest for the ap- Hecker. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. pearance of the “Life and Letters of Moses Coit REBEL WOMEN. By Evelyn Sharp. New York: John Tyler,” which was expected this summer, will be glad Lane Co. to know that the book is definitely announced for Fall WOMAN IN CHURCH AND STATE. By Stanton Coit. publication by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. | West London Ethical Society. 46 [July 16, THE DIAL sidered and likely to be granted by parliament. | possessions, and entire earthly happiness of any class If we agree that their cause is a good one, we of persons, was measured by what they had the power of enforcing; how all who made any resistance to must at least give them credit for getting authorities that had arms in their hands, however results, however much we may wish they could dreadful might be the provocation, had not only the have used other methods. It will, perhaps, law of force, but all other laws, and all the notions of always remain an open question whether the social obligation, against them; and in the eyes of those extraordinary tactics of the militants were whom they resisted, were not only guilty of crime, but of the worst of all crimes, deserving the most cruel really needed to compel attention; it is at least chastisement which human beings could inflict." certain that nothing but extreme necessity Miss Seawell's much advertised little book, tify them. Those of us who have « The Ladies' Battle,” is of course rampantly depended principally on the daily press for our anti-suffrage, and is claimed by the publishers to knowledge have probably been misled in cer- represent adequately that side of the question. tain particulars, but more especially have lacked It nowhere appears in the book that it is really much information necessary to sound judgment. republished, with additions, from an article Miss Pankhurst's book, “ The Suffragette,” which appeared in the “ Atlantic Monthly" of gives a full and well-illustrated account of the September, 1910. If one were inclined to militant suffrage movement in England down take it seriously, it might serve as a text for a to the end of 1910, and, so far as the reviewer long discussion ; but it may suffice at the present is able to judge, is essentially accurate and fair. time to cite a characteristic passage. Opening it with a distinct prejudice against “In New York State, the suffragists, under the lead the militants, and expecting to find a good of the late Miss Anthony, strove for years to have deal of nonsense, I was soon adrift on the cur habitual drunkenness made a cause of absolute divorce, rent of the narrative, very glad to be carried instead of legal separation. This illustrates in a peculiar through the whirlpools and rapids of those manner the short-sightedness of most of the legislation proposed by the suffragists. A man, anxious to get rid exciting years, regretful when obliged to dis- of his wife, but having no legal cause, could, by the embark at the end of the printed story, well simple process of continually getting drunk, offer a aware that all was not finished. As a piece of strong inducement to his wife, to get a divorce.” (p. 109.) historical writing, the book will deserve to It is fearful to think what will ensue when hus- live; and no doubt in the days when this bands all over the country “get on" to this. particular struggle is over, posterity will read | These simple processes, leading to such awful it with amazement at the things they used to evils, ought really to be kept secret. It may do in those “unregenerate days.” leak out that there are many states in which the However much any reader may disapprove peculiar legislation mentioned has been success- of the militant tactics, he cannot fail to appre fully carried through. ciate the fact that these women have been and | "What Eight Million Women Want” is a are fighting for a principle, showing the utmost thick volume describing the various activities courage and endurance in carrying out their of women in social service and reform. It is plans. Men who have done such things have chiefly concerned with America, but also dis- been regarded as heroes, even when their of cusses events in Europe. Covering so large a fenses have been far more serious than those field, it is probably inaccurate in some minor of the women. On the other hand, it would details, taking perhaps a too roseate view of the be difficult to say anything in favor of the work of some individuals. It is, however, very shuffling and evasive attitude of the professional well written and extremely interesting, and politicians, while the brutality shown in dealing undoubtedly presents a substantially correct with the suffragettes almost passes belief. The picture of the labors of the “new woman ” and reader is constantly aware that had he been a just interpretation of her spirit. It should present at the affairs described, he would most be read by those who are interested in the suf- assuredly have been arrested, for he could not fragette movement, because it shows well that have quietly witnessed such outrages as were women do not want the vote for nothing, but committed. John Stuart Mill, in “ The Sub have a practical and important programme. jection of Women,” now opportunely repub It should also be read by those who have been lished, has a passage which might have been indifferent to the movement, because it brings used by Miss Pankhurst as a sort of prefatory out so well the need for women in the adminis- note to her book. tration of social affairs. “ History gives a cruel experience of human nature, Mr. E. A. Hecker's “ Short History of in showing how exactly the regard due to the life, I Women's Rights” might perhaps better be 1911.] THE DIAL described as a history of women's wrongs. It inadequate to deal with the prisoners in the dock. But gives a condensed account of the legal status the hopelessness of the whole thing was gone. These were not people whose spirit had been driven out of of women, from the time of the Romans to them by monotony and bad luck, as it had been driven to-day, with a very useful summary of the out of the derelicts who stood in the dock before them. present condition of affairs in each state of the These were not people who were going to give in before Union. It is essentially a work of reference. they had won from life what they demanded from it. Some of the figures relating to the occupations It may be a perilous business to hunt down the color of life for other people; but it is a less hopeless kind of women are curious, if accurate. Thus, there of job than hunting it down for yourself. ... are said to be 196 female saloon-keepers in “* Have you anything to say ?' came the regulation Illinois, 208 in New Jersey, but only 27 in enquiry, hallowed by centuries of official belief in the Indiana and 8 in Massachusetts. Thirty-eight innocence of unconvicted prisoners who yet felt their women are professors in Massachusetts, 31 in cases to be prejudiced. Then, as the woman in the dock showed every indication of having a great deal to Illinois, but only 4 in New Jersey. In the say, this would be followed up with a hasty, · Yes, yes; State of New York are 511 women in the but I have nothing to do with that; I am here to ad- ministry, 108 dentists, 103 commercial travel minister the law as it stands.' lers, and 84 carpenters. Unfortunately the “So the law was administered as it stood; and the color of life still flickered elusive beyond the grasp of number of teachers, aside from professors, is all of us, as thirteen more offenders, a rebel woman not given. every one of them, went away to prison while the sun Miss Evelyn Sharp's “ Rebel Women” is a shone." small book consisting of journalistic sketches, | Dr. Coit's “ Woman in Church and State" many of them previously published in the is a sixpenny pamphlet issued by the West English papers. It is worth while to quote London Ethical Society. It calls for no the description of a scene in a London police extended notice, but the following criticism of court. the English suffragette movement is worth « I suppose the offenders knew beforehand what | citing. they were charged with-an advantage they sometimes “If, then, the sex disabilities other than disfranchise- had over the magistrate when he mixed up the charge ment were pushed to the front, the "why' for granting sheets. . . . One thing could be clearly deduced from votes would be thrust into the wits and wills of men. the progress of that heart-breaking procession of human failures, as they passed, generally in hopeless silence, The only sex disability which is not a direct cause of suffering to women and to the community is the lack from the greyness of the police court to the more com- of the vote; it, therefore, is the only wrong done to plote greyness beyond. They were all people who had women which does not immediately arouse sympathy snatched desperately at the air for some of the color of and the resentment of righteous indignation. On the life, and had succumbed helplessly before they found it. other hand, the effort to remove tbose disabilities “No court of justice could help them. You could which are immediate causes of suffering would excite not expect a magistrate, faced with something like forty sympathetic indignation, and, even if it failed to change cases, to stop and consider the terrible monotony of the laws, would win over the social conscience to the existence that had driven the little scullery-maid to be drunk and disorderly,' or the poor clerk to steal his suffrage cause." employer's money, thinking to steal his happiness with More than this, it ought to be clearly shown it; or the lad with the jolly fearless face to beg in the that the women who are agitating for the suf- streets because he was out of work' - at fifteen! ... frage have general social interests in view, and The magistrate was not unkind; nobody was unkind. in this particular it seems that the women of All the prisoners were scrupulously asked if they had anything to say, if they would like to call a witness. America have some advantage over those of Anything to say! You might as well try to discharge a England, who at times remind outsiders of the mountain torrent through a bath tap. As for witnesses, celebrated definition of a populist as “a man a bewildered woman, convicted of drunkenness because who does not know what he wants, but wants it she had been found lying unconscious on the pavement, could not be expected under the circumstances to have damned bad.” Closer acquaintance with the secured a witness to prove her contention that she was movement will of course dispel any such idea; merely faint. One by one, they all shook their heads but inasmuch as the vote is not in itself an mutely, and went away to prison while the sun shone. end, it would be well to bring home to all « Then the remand prisoners, the women who had what the ends to be attained really are. thronged the doorstep in the early morning, who were there to answer for their rebellious manner of demand- After all, when women have the vote, what ing a human and a political right, were brought into will be the result? It is not to be supposed the dock by ones and twos; and there crept a change, that the disability of ages can be removed all a subtle change, into the musty atmosphere of ages. at once, and if it is true that eight million The court was still bathed in its queer half light. There was the same feeling in it of spectral unreality. women want important reforms, there are other You knew even more certainly than before that the millions who are variously incompetent to direct machinery of the little judgment hall was entirely public affairs. The same, however, is true of 48 [July 16, THE DIAL men, even after so many years of political free these are books of fiction, the latest of them being dom. Here in Colorado, where I write, women entitled “ John Sherwood, Ironmaster.” This wise have long had legal equality with men, and | and sober novel takes the form of an autobiography. nevertheless our state politics are notoriously Less than fifty pages suffice to relate the story of corrupt, and our politicians, broadly speaking, John Sherwood's boyhood and early life, up to the time when he has become the master of a great extraordinarily incompetent. No disaster has industry, but at the cost of a wrecked constitution. resulted from women's suffrage, no injury to This is the introduction to the real story, which women, but as a rule they have not proved begins with his middle life, when he abandons the much better than the men. That is really the world of affairs and goes into camp on the coast of worst that can be said of them. On the other Maine in the hope of repairing his nervous waste hand, in particular cases, the women have really and regaining the vitality that he has lost. The saved the day for decency. During the last experiment proves successful, as we should naturally year there have been two hotly contested elec- expect; for the author has seen it worked out in tions in Boulder, where I live; one on the the cases of countless patients for whom he has prescribed it, and has no need to resort to invention question of keeping out the saloons, the other in his description of the regenerative process. And on good vs. cheap schools. In each case I believe with the renewal of his health, this fictive patient there is no possible doubt that the issue of the gains other things for which he had not bargained election depended on the women ; and in view —a broader outlook upon life, a deepened sympathy of the fact that this is the seat of a rapidly with his fellow-man, and a knowledge of the mean- growing State University, the results of female ing of a man's love for a woman. Both the physi- suffrage are here of more than local, of even cal cure and the spiritual enlargement are wrought more than State, importance. within a year's space; but when we then take leave T. D. A. COCKERELL. of John Sherwood we are assured, however he may pass his remaining days, that they will be rich in the true values of life. There is an impressive moral in this story, and it is all the more effective RECENT FICTION.* for not being forced. The book is not one for the The career of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell is one of the seeker after entertainment or sensation, but for the most extraordinary in American literature. He reader of refined intelligence who asks for nothing had from his youth a strong leaning toward letters, more startling than real characterization, the artistic but resisted it until he was more than fifty years touch in description, and the philosophical temper old, in order that he might give his undivided in narration. All these he will find in ample attention to his chosen profession of medicine. measure and variety, together with enough of a Having achieved the highest kind of distinction as plot to cement them into a substantial whole. a physician and a scientific investigator, he at last Mr. Francis Lynde’s “The Price” may be de- felt himself free to share his remaining years scribed as an inverted detective story, in which the between vocation and avocation, and allow a long- criminal is the hero, and the detective is outwitted repressed instinct to assert itself. It was not until in his attempt at capture. This programme requires about thirty years ago that he took to writing novels that we shall in a measure condone the offence and and poems; but he has made up for lost time, for rejoice when the offender gives his pursuer the slip. something like thirty volumes of belletristic com- It is an ethically questionable attitude that we are position now stand to his credit. Twenty-three of thus forced to assume, but the conditions are neces- sary to the enjoyment of the story. Kenneth * JOHN SHERWOOD, IRONMASTER. By S. Weir Mitchell, Griswold, an athlete and a man of parts, finds M.D., LL.D. New York: The Century Co. himself stranded in New Orleans. Here is an THE PRICE. By Francis Lynde. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. initial improbability, for it is a good deal of a strain QUEED. A novel. By Henry Sydnor Harrison. Boston: to imagine that such a man can be thus reduced The Houghton Mifflin Co. to absolute penury. He is a would be novelist with SHE BUILDETH HER HOUSE. By Will Levington a message; his novel does not find acceptance with Comfort. Philadelphia: The J. B. Lippincott Co. the publishers, and his message may be loosely de- IN HER Own Right. By John Reed Scott, Philadel- fined as that of socialism. He thinks he is per- phia: The J. B. Lippincott Co. THE GIRL IN THE OTHER SEAT, By Henry Kitchell suaded that the “have-nots ” may legitimately prey Webster. New York: D. Appleton & Co. upon the “haves"; and, finding himself without THE VINTAGE. By Joseph Sharts. New York: Duf the price of a meal, he “ holds up” a bank presi- field & Co. dent for a hundred thousand dollars. The coup is LOVE UNDER FIRE. By Randall Parrish. Chicago: brilliantly executed, and he escapes with his plun- A.C. McClurg & Co. The Long Roll. By Mary Johnston. Boston: The der, taking the disguise of a roustabout on a Mis- Houghton Mifflin Co. sissippi steamer. His plan is to go to some strange THE MILLER OF OLD CHURCH, By Ellen Glasgow. town of moderate size, and apply his ill-gotten Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Co. wealth to the establishment of some sort of indus- 1911.) 49 THE DIAL trial utopia in which the ancient quarrel between look sprang suddenly into his eyes. It was plain that he labor and capital shall be made to lose its mean- was asking himself such a question now. A curious change ing. After a series of narrow escapes, he makes passed over his face; a kind of dawning consciousness which, it was obvious, embarrassed him to the point of his way safely to Wahaska, Minnesota, and be- torture, while he resolutely declined to flinch from it. comes a welcome addition to the life of that com- “Yes - I get pleasure from your society." munity. There are two young women in the case, The admission turned him rather white, but he saved both of whom become possessed of his secret, but himself by instantly flinging at her: “However, I am no do not betray him — the one from fear of personal hedonist." notoriety, and the other from a belief in Griswold's Sharlee retired to look up hedonist in the dictionary. essential integrity. He thinks he loves the former, The humanizing process has gone fairly far by the until he discovers how mean a motive has sealed time this episode occurs, and the spring freshets her lips and made her his ally; he really comes are clearly preparing. There are still difficulties to love the latter when he realizes her unfailing to be overcome a rival possessed of all the social sympathy and the resourcefulness with which she graces which Queed has not; and a dark secret baffles his pursuers. For the detective is all the which would seem to set an impossible barrier time close on his track, and has a morally clear between Sharlee and himself. But the rival turns case, although unable to secure the legal evidence out to be a doll stuffed with sawdust ; and as for which would warrant an arrest. In the end, con- | the barrier, the girl simply laughs at it. We will science does what the machinery of the law has say nothing more of the plot of this thoroughly failed to do; he gives himself up, takes his medi- delightful story, hoping that enough has been sug- cine, and emerges from his two years' imprisonment gested to whet the appetite. The scene is a South- to marry the woman who has befriended him and ern city — presumably Richmond ; and the time is at the same time aroused his better nature. The that in which we live. Mr. Harrison's journalistic whole story is crisply told and ingeniously put training stands him in good stead. He has the together, making one of the most excitingly read journalist's sense for the striking arrangement of able novels of the season. material and the telling point; he has, too, the jour- Mr. Henry Sydnor Harrison, who is, we believe, a / nalist's instinct for avoiding long-winded digressions Southern journalist, is the author of a surprisingly and descriptions. He knows the ins and outs of good novel entitled “Queed.” Before this novel | his profession, and the tricks of the wily politician. was put upon the market, its publishers sought to He also touches lightly but effectively upon the create interest in its appearance by inviting opin ways of the small college and the joys of its ad- ions concerning the kind of character that a man ministration. His characterizations are unusually named Queed would be likely to have. The opinions effective, and he quietly works his story up from offered were ingenious and varied, but they seem rather tame beginnings to the startling dramatic so have been wide of the mark. Now that the book complications of its climax. He has an admirable is at hand, we will hazard a guess that the author style, brilliantly alive, and rich in the sort of allusive- named his hero after the familiar Q. E. D. of ness that comes naturally to the cultivated mind. mathematics, adding only enough letters to make a He has given us, in a word, a book so conscientiously “spellable” word. For Queed, when we make his done and at the same time so enjoyable that we acquaintance, is a man who lives by logic, and has find it difficult to set forth the degree and quality no place for sentiment in his composition. “He of the satisfaction with which we have read it. was a machine; a machine which turned out match The author of “Routledge Rides Alone” has less work for the enlightenment of the world, but given us, in “She Buildeth Her House," his second after all a machine. He was intellect. He was large novel; and we regret to say that it is not as Pure Reason.” These are the terms in which he good a book as the first had led us to expect. It puts it to himself, after he has come to realize his has a less vital and interesting theme, for one thing; limitations. His story is that of the transformation and for another, it is marred by dabblings with of a machine into a human being, which process is occultism —a handicap which few novelists have gradually worked out as Queed is forced into con ever been able to overcome. It is really too much tact with life, and discovers that there is in him to ask any sensible person to take seriously such a something which is personally concerned with the monster as Bellingham, who lectures upon “new world of men and women. One woman in partic thought” to audiences of silly women, and who ular — the very charming heroine - is the most hypnotizes those whom he has marked for his active agent in this evolution, and the humorous victims to such an extent that, struggle as they possibilities of the case may be well illustrated by a may, they must succumb to his fascinations. All quotation. this talk about luring people from a distance by “ And are you coming to see me-to pay your party-call ?” “ concentration” is the sheerest nonsense; and the “Why should I? What is the point of these conventions author knows it as well as anyone else. Mr. Com- - these little rules?” fort's heroine just escapes final disaster through the “Don't you like being with me. Don't you get a great counter-attraction of another strong personality, deal of pleasure from my society ?” “I have never asked myself such a question." who also acts from a distance. In the latter case, He was gazing at her for a third time, and a startled 1 however, the influence is exerted through actual 50 [July 16, THE DIAL correspondence, which puts it on a rational basis. disguise and conspiracy, who is known by the au- This man, who is the real hero, is a reformed rake, thorities to be at work in the city, but eludes all with a past which is outlined in such terms as attempts at capture. He finally gives himself up to make his present at least improbable. Three to save from execution a young Confederate officer weeks in a sanatorium are not likely to transform unjustly condemned for supposed treason - this vice into virtue, or re-create a wrecked will. But being done for the sake of the beaux yeux of the if we overlook the miracle of his regeneration, he officer's sister. He is shrewd enough, however, to makes a fairly interesting hero. Paula (the heroine) exact from President Davis a pledge of immunity, is a literary critic, and a book by Charters (the having read the chivalrous character of the Presi- hero) so attracts her that she writes him a personal dent well enough to know that the pledge will be letter about it. This is the beginning of a bond held sacred. He escapes in the end, although which ends — to use the flamboyant words of the circumstances have taken his fate beyond the publisher's announcement — in “the glorious Union President's control; and the plot of course collapses, of Two to form One.” The malign influence of | as we have all along known that it must. A very Bellingham becomes weakened as the spiritual in- picturesque and striking figure in the narrative is fluence of Charters grows stronger, and the “glorious that of the gloomy and fanatical chief of the Con- Union " above mentioned is consummated amid the federate secret service, who follows relentlessly on fiery volcanic outpourings of the Mont Pelée. Mr. the hero's track, but is finally baffled of his prey. Comfort's style seems to have developed in the The story presents a vivid picture of life in Rich- wrong direction — toward strain and artificiality | mond during the anxious latter period of the war, rather than toward clearness and sincerity; and even and is thoroughly interesting. his story-telling faculty is much at fault until near Another story of the Civil War is “Love under the end, when he pulls himself together, and gives Fire," from the practiced pen of Mr. Randall us some really dramatic situations. Parrish. The action in this case covers only a “In Her Own Right" is the latest of Mr. John few days of plot and counterplot, espial, capture, Reed Scott's agreeable novels of Maryland society. fighting, and escape, all in and about a country Having already startled us by bringing real pirates plantation. But the time is sufficient to knit two into a story of comparatively modern life, he takes souls, and provide for all the romantic needs of the pirate gold for his present motive, and makes the situation. The hero is a Union soldier sent to spy fortunes of his hero turn upon the recovery of a out the land and report upon the enemy's operations; buried treasure on the shores of Chesapeake Bay. the heroine is a Southern girl of the proud and pas- This is a lucky happening, because the hero, who | sionate type that readers of this species of romance has lost his own wealth in a business failure, would know well. There are the usual misunderstand- never have found courage to woo the heiress whom ings, and there is the expected reconciliation. Mr. he loves had not another fortune thus opportunely Parrish has done this sort of thing several times come to his hand. As it is, the heiress has to meet before; he has only to give the kaleidoscope a turn, him more than half way, which we imagine is the and it is ready to be done again. explanation of the title given to the book. Far more serious than either of the Civil War Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster, after bidding us stories just mentioned is Miss Mary Johnston's soar aloft with his “Skyman," brings us back to “The Long Roll.” Its seriousness is such as to solid earth with his automobile romance of “The defeat its purpose as a work of imaginative art, and Girl in the Other Seat." His hero is a famous its extraordinary merits are of a kind that do not racer, who is also the inventor of a new explosive properly belong to fiction at all. In the introduc- device, and his heroine is a young woman whose tory note we are told that “to name the historians, acquaintance he makes one dark night on a country biographers, memoir and narrative writers, diarists, road, when she stops his machine and asks for a and contributors of but a vivid page or two to the “ lift.” He cannot see her face, but her voice is magazines of historical societies, to whom the writer enough to bowl him over, and the rest of the story of a story dealing with this period is indebted, tells how he establishes her identity and wins her would be to place below a very long list.” One for his own. A plot to steal his invention keeps does not have to read very far to become convinced the story going for a time, and supplements its of the truth thus modestly stated, and to realize the sentimental interest, while the description of an amazing industry that has gone to the piecing of exciting race supplies a whirlwind finish. Mr. this mosaic. Nor does one read very far before Webster, as usual “gets up” his technical material realizing also that the work is anything but a novel very thoroughly, and developes his story in neat in the ordinary sense. It is a military history, a and logical fashion. series of descriptions of marches, skirmishes, and A plot for the capture of Richmond in 1863, by battles, a collection of incisive characterizations of a carefully concerted uprising and general delivery military leaders, a passionate defence of the right- of Union prisoners in the Confederate capital, is eousness of the Southern cause, — but it is devoid the subject of “The Vintage," a spirited and of the constructive art which might have made all swiftly-moving novel by Mr. Joseph Sharts. The these matters the accessories of a logically devel- hero is a Union spy of great resourcefulness in both loped dramatic action, and used them to heighten 1911.] 51 THE DIAL our interest in the private figures of the writer's invention. Here are upwards of a quarter of a BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. million words, and nine-tenths of them are superflu- In “The Evolution of Literature” The Evolution ous as far as the requirements of the novelist proper on (Crowell & Co.) Professor A. S. of Literature. are concerned. We have, to be sure, a hero, a Mackenzie presents a book which, heroine, and a villain, besides a number of figures according to the words of the publishers' announce- of minor interest; but they are held in such dilution ment, “affords an intelligible view of what is usually that the plot loses all continuity, and the figures termed Comparative Literature, an adequate manual themselves become shadowy apparitions that Ait in / of which has, until now, been lacking." Neither and out from time to time. Miss Johnston's real history nor archæology nor philology suffices in hero is, of course, Stonewall Jackson, whom she de- our study of literature, says the author, and sub- lineates with great particularity of detail. Whetherjective criticism is not always a satisfactory guide; the figure that she draws, of a grim and fanatical and therefore he proposes a departure from the martinet, self-centred and inexorable, is the real | beaten pathway of investigation, to consist in the Jackson or not, may be a matter of dispute ; but treatment of literature as a subdivision of anthro- there can be no doubt that the figure is one of real pology. His plan is to divide social development vitality and distinction. When he utters his last into four grades — primitive, barbaric, autocratic, dreamy words, “ Let us pass over the river, and rest and democratic; to consider the various forms of under the shade of the trees,” the book is ended, and literature — the dance and drama, the lyric, the all the private interests with which a novel should nat narrative—as they appear in each grade; to detect urally be concerned are left at loose ends. Perhaps in each grade the universal elements ; to demon- Miss Johnston intends to give us a sequel, and thus to strate the evolution of each form in its progress meet more fully the romantic demands of her theme. from the first grade to the last; and from the The other woman of Virginia who has won a whole to formulate laws of literary evolution. high place as a novelist during the last few years That Professor Mackenzie's book does not arouse is Miss Ellen Glasgow, and her “Miller of Old enthusiasm is due in part to difficulties inherent in Church" is a work that shows no signs of slack- the subject, and in part to defects of presentation. ening power. It is a real novel, thereby standing Those who read it with the expectation of seeing in sharp contrast to “The Long Roll,” and is less clearly traced a series of definite steps in literary affected by a social or political interest than its evolution will be disappointed. Not all the riddles predecessors. It is true that the hero is repre- of literature are to be solved by even so orderly sented as an embodiment of the new type of energy and scientific a method as the one employed here. that is overcoming the long paralysis of Southern Readers will be disappointed, too, and probably industry, and that he figures as a radical speaker at amused, at the three “ Provisional Laws” in the public meetings, but it is chiefly as an individual that concluding chapter, each elaborately explained in he interests us — alternately attracting and repel | a half-dozen very serious pages, and at the end ling — and it is his love affair with the flirtatious translated into actual formulæ. The “Law of Molly that provides the substance of the plot. All Progress” is thus expressed : “Under similar is not lost, even when he thinks he has given her conditions the average literary advance in a given up for good, and marries the virtuous and homely community is directly proportional to the width Judy; for in due course of time his wife dies, and and depth of man's attainment of consciousness of Molly, having had her fling (or several of them), self and of the world”; and the “ Law of Respon- comes back to nestle in his arms. A secondary plot | siveness” thus: “Other things being equal, literary is furnished by the recent marriage of the young form and content vary directly with the orientation squire with the miller's sister; and a rather unnec- of mental responsiveness in a given community." essary touch of tragedy, when the squire is shot This comes dangerously near putting one in mind by the miller's brother, who does not know of the of a current definition of one of the more recent marriage, brings the story to a close. A great " sciences” which infest the college curriculum - many pages of the book are filled with rustic talk, “the science of stating what everybody knows in of the kind that is both shrewd and quaint, clearly language which nobody can understand.” The studied from the life, but rather wearisome in more book claims too much. There may be such a thing than limited doses. Most of it may be skipped as literary evolution, and there may be laws which without any loss to the story. underlie it; but the attempt to biologize literature, WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. to say nothing of reducing its laws of growth to algebraic formulæ, is bound to savor of the ludicrous. As to presentation, the author's success would have It is announced from Paris that Sven Hedin, the Swedish explorer, has been made a member of the been more pronounced had he written a shorter French Academy of Sciences. In his recent book, book and encumbered his theme less by masses of « Through Asia," Dr. Hedin describes some of the detail which are not always strictly relevant, how- tremendous difficulties he had encountered in those ever true and interesting in themselves. In spite heroic Asiatic expeditions in recognition of which the of the excellent plan of the work, its plethora of academic honors are conferred. | detail brings it near to incoherence. Professor 52 [July 16, THE DIAL Florentine Mackenzie's industry and learning may be estimated bean-eating, even the procession of the black rag-doll from the fact that the index of authors at the end through the streets, become more intelligible. The of his 417 closely-printed pages of text contains sixty fine and unusual photographs, mostly the about 700 names. Those who wish a book full of author's own, with his three maps, are delightful interesting learning about literature from the accessories to a volume dealing with new material anthropological point of view will therefore find about Italy in a convincing and charming way. this a desirable work. . In our earlier literary history there Sir Perceval, Interesting mainly to the student Knight of the is no problem that possesses greater vesterdays and the antiquarian, and yet suffi Holy Grail. fascination than the origin and and todays. ciently picturesque to attract the growth of the Arthur story. This problem involves average reader, is the Rev. J. Wood Brown's numerous lesser problems, among them that of the “ Florence Past and Present” (Scribner). His provenance of the various legends of Sir Perceval, “ Past” of Florence is a very distant one indeed, original knight of the Holy Grail. The most note and goes back to the first contributions of geology and worthy of these legends are the “ Conte du Graal” physics to the long history-the volcanic upheaval of Chrétien de Troies, the “Parzival” of Wolfram which lifted the whole inner hill-country of Tuscany von Eschenbach (on which Wagner drew), and to its present level and created the new drainage “Sir Percyvelle of Galles” a Middle English lines now existing. The gravel and sand that the poem of unknown authorship. One of these, the flowing waters then brought down and deposited “ Parzival,” was apparently based in part on furnished the site on which the city of Florence Chrétien. Mystery surrounds the origin of the stands to-day. The middle Val d'Arno, when man other two, though it has been contended by some first saw it, was all woods and water. To the early scholars that the English poem also had its origin inhabitants, hunting and fishing were the only pos- | in Chrétien. That this view is untenable is pretty sible occupations. To this fact that the earliest conclusively shown by Prof. R. H. Griffith in his ancestors of the modern Florentine were hunters “Sir Perceval of Galles," a volume recently issued and fishers—the author traces a large number of from the University of Chicago Press. Professor Florentine characteristics. For example, their Griffith also advances certain alternative theories, economy at table is proverbial, their temperance in theories that are quite ingenious and not unplausi- food and drink amounts to parsimony. This began ble. He holds that the English “ Perceval ” prob- when the uncertainty of the chase taught the hunter ably had its beginning in a “frame-tale,” like that self-restraint in the use of food, and the methods of binding together the “Canterbury Tales” or “The living on nut-meal till fortune should meet him again Decameron,” and that there were incorporated in the wood or the river. In like manner, the pet ) into it at different times at least two other tales or superstitions to-day are distinct survivals of the episodes of independent origin. The home of the magic of the woods, derived from the hunter's skill. original story, he holds, was probably Northwest In time, of course, these forest-dwellers come in England, perhaps in the neighborhood of Carlisle friendly relation with the farmers of the north and or of Chester. The volume is essentially technical the shepherds of the south; hence trade begins, | in nature, but it is by no means devoid of the graces roads are made, and by the combination of road and of style, and is concerned with processes that must river the seat of Florence is determined and her | prove interesting to the student of general folk-lore prosperity assured. This tale is charmingly un- | as well as to the specialist in Arthurian legend. folded in the first division of the book called “The Living Past,” which ends with the decline of In all that has been written about Etruscan and the rise of Roman power, and the Saunters through London clubs, there is probably no London club-land.ondon CiUds, there is pro recognition of Florence as a municipium splendid- book that, besides possessing many issimum in 82 B.C. The second division discusses other excellent features, gives so much attention to “ Material Survivals," and takes up such familiar the relics and collections, the art objects and the sights as the Arno boats and boatmea, the Florentine | libraries, of these numerous and famous societies as carts, harness, amulets—all pointing to a woodland does Mr. Ralph Nevill's handsome octavo entitled past. In the third division we have “ The Feasts." | “ London Clubs : Their History and Treasures " To the average foreigner nothing seems more absurd (Stokes). From the Mermaid, supposed to have than the customs of the numerous “ festas” of the been founded by Raleigh, down to the Atheneum, Italian people,—especially the Ceppo and Befana, the Savile, the Royal Thames Yacht Club, and the crickets captured and carried home in little countless others, the author pleasantly conducts his cages on Ascension Day, the feast of lanterns on readers, enlivening the journey with a number of the seventh of September. But when these are appropriate illustrations from more or less ancient traced, as they are here, to ancient myths, when sources, and offering still further diversion in the these strange rites are shown to have a general line shape of club anecdotes and witticisms. “The evolu- of inheritance from customs natural to men of the ' tion of the modern club," he explains at the outset, woods, and receiving from them a magical interpre | “has been so simple that it can be traced with great tation, then the noise and masking, the dances and lease. First the tavern or coffee-house, where a 1911.) 53 THE DIAL certain number of people met on special evenings given in celebration of the return of the Cardinal for purposes of social conversation, and incidentally | Gonzaga. This important event is treated by Mr. consumed a good deal of liquid refreshment; then Henderson in considerable detail. The Orpheus the beginning of the club proper — some well myth made a strong appeal to the Italian poets known house of refreshment being taken over from and scholars of Medicean times, and Poliziano's the proprietor by a limited number of clients for treatment of it was only one — though the best — their own exclusive use, and the landlord retained of several. The grace and fine poetic feeling of as manager; and finally the palatial modern club, the text were probably greatly enhanced by the not necessarily sociable, but replete with every music, which Mr. Henderson believes to have been comfort, and owned by the members themselves. derived from the frottola or popular part-songs of In such places, however, the old spirit of club-life the day, the “plebeian parent” of the later mad- is generally lost.” Among the most famous of the rigal; and even the solo parts seem to have con- old taverns used for club purposes was the Cheshire sisted of this better frottola type, and to have Cheese, whose lineal descendant is still standing, been accompanied by the singer himself upon an with its legendary “ Favourite Seat of Dr. Johnson ” | instrument of the lyre class. The orchestra is a in the dining-room. Our historic Cheshire Cheese, more difficult question ; but “while no conclusive the dairy product of huge dimensions sent from evidence can be produced that one was employed Cheshire in the Berkshire hills to President Thomas in the ‘Orfeo,' the indications are strong that there Jefferson, is of course not even distantly related to was one.” This simple and dignified "frottola the London “Cheshire Cheese.” But things drama” was followed by the sensuous madrigal American do receive some attention from Mr. drama of the sixteenth century, whose spectacular Nevill, in that he devotes a little space in his con- quality was its principal feature, accompanied also cluding chapter to the Players' Club and the Lambs by a decided increase of the comic element. The in New York. Of the club libraries mentioned or great reform which provided a medium for indi- described by the author, the library of the Ath vidual utterance was the introduction of dramatic enæum Club, the finest and most complete of such recitative, and was the work of a little circle of collections, merits even more extended notice than Florentines, the most famous of whom were Peri it receives. Here again a word of reminder may and Caccini, who “ found the link that was missing prevent a possible confusion, in any quarter, of the in the musical chain of Poliziano's Orfeo,' rein- London Athenæum library and the still more im carnated Italy's Arcadian prophet, and built the portant Boston Athenæum collection of literary gates through which Monteverde ushered lyric treasures. For illustrative anecdote and many im composition to the broad highway of modern opera.” portant items of information, Mr. Nevill has drawn In bringing his readers to this point, Mr. Hender- freely and effectively upon Boswell's biography of son's task is accomplished; the development of the most clubable character in history. Indeed, opera proper is another story. He has written there is no lack of material from which to compile clearly and persuasively of somewhat obscure and such a book as that now produced, and the author difficult matters; and his book will be indispensable has not failed to turn it to good account. to all students of the history of lyric drama. Mr. W. J. Henderson, the brilliant ostumes It is with delight - a calm and Forerunners of and authoritative music critic of the Italian opera. well-reasoned rational delight — that the reflective New York Sun, has published a little timely essays. reader makes his way through Pro- book entitled “Some Forerunners of Italian Opera fessor John Grier Hibben's little book, “A Defence (Henry Holt & Co.), which is little in name and of Prejudice, and Other Essays” (Scribner). Pre- size only. It is a learned and acute study of the judice, as our anthor broadly defines it, is a judg- early lyric drama in Italy as the principal element ment to which one gives assent, but which one of the revival of the theatre in Europe. After a cannot prove; and he proceeds to illustrate the brief description of the liturgical drama of the three common kinds into which prejudices may be Middle Ages the author discusses the special form divided, showing in the end how much of conduct of sacred dramatic dialogue known as Lauds or and character is based, and often well based, on Divozioni, in which scenes from the Passion were these unprovable judgments. The next paper is presented. These were acted in church, with a called “The Philosophy of Opposition,” and con- specially.constructed stage built against the choir vincingly demonstrates the necessary part played screen, and with properties and costumes resembling by obstacles in all progress, but at the same time those of the miracle-plays in France and England. shows how the struggle to overcome may be and Then came the Sacre Rappresentazioni which, ought to be a generous and altruistic, not a selfish towards the close of the fifteenth century, adapted and ignoble, strife. Another essay, “ The Gospel their apparatus to the dramatization of secular of Might,"contains something of the same thought stories, paving the way for the secular lyric drama. in another form, and assails Nietzsche and his It was at Mantua, probably about 1483, that the glorification of strength. “Any philosophy of life,” significant step was taken which laid the foundations concludes the essayist, “is under suspicion which of opera, by the performance of Poliziano's "Orfeo," seeks to destroy and not fulfil the promise of the 54 (July 16, THE DIAL A defense of Captain Kidd. years that are gone, and which does not build upon dertook the voyage just “for the fun of it.” That the foundation of human nature as it has proved the tale is well told, follows almost as a matter of itself to be, but rather upon that which with wild course from its authorship. There is abundance of fatuity we may wish it to become." Other excel- sufficiently unusual adventure in it, and pictures lent chapters have to do with personal responsibility, from the voyager's camera are lavishly supplied. the dialectic imagination, the scholar's vocation, | A colored plate, showing the taut little craft, that the art of thinking, the so-called superfluous in served its builder so stanchly and well, faces the education, and similar pregnant topics. In an | title-page. essay on “The Paradox of Research,” as also in That Captain Kidd was not, after that entitled “The Superfluous in Education,” the all, a pirate, but was instead a thor- writer shows how self-defeating are all plans for oughly loyal and law-abiding subject eliminating the “useless” from courses of educa of the Crown, is the view proposed and vigorously tion; "a man always needs more than he uses. defended by Sir Cornelius Neale Dalton in his vol- He who can do but one thing never does it supremely ume entitled “ The Real Captain Kidd” (Duffield). well. An excess of power is an essential and sig- | This prince of pirates—according to popular tradi- nificant factor in efficiency.” From the calamitous tion-was in reality, so we are now assured, merely crash, four years ago, of the great cantilever the victim of circumstances and the tool of un- bridge across the St. Lawrence River at Quebec, scrupulous employers who sought to use him as a the author very ably, and with timely exhibition of scapegoat for crimes of their own committing. The some "excess of power” on his own part in the only ostensible act of piracy of which the author field of mechanics, draws a moral, which furnishes | finds any difficulty in acquitting Kidd is his board- the substance of his concluding chapter entitled ing and plundering a Portuguese ship near Malabar “Secondary Strains." Thoroughly wholesome and in 1698; and even in this case it is urged that stimulating are Dr. Hibben's appeals to the under- Kidd was probably either driven to the deed by his standing and to the heart of his readers. But one is crew or was actuated by a desire to avenge in some a little surprised, in turning his pages, to find so measure a recent unprovoked attack on his own practised a dialectician disregarding (as he does on ship by a Portuguese man-of-war. In an appendix page nine) the distinction between “shall” and are set forth the principal documents in the case, “ will." He is also guilty of using “illy" for including the royal commission given Kidd to sup- “ill ” (p. 123). press piracy in English waters and on the high seas, The world has already heard a good Kidd's own narrative of his voyages, the depositions A Pacific cruise deol hout Mr Jack Lond se deal about Mr. Jack London's inter- of certain of his crew taken for use in his trial, rupted cruise, in which he was to copies of the French passes found on board the two have followed the sun in a small boat through | French ships captured by Kidd (documents which, the entire three hundred and sixty degrees, but it is claimed, would have acquitted him had they was arrested in Australia by a baffling ailment not been suppressed by the prosecution), and some that no physician could even name, and that he had account of the traditions current in Kidd's own to puzzle out for himself, with the aid of Lieutenant | time as to the immensity of the treasure which he Woodruff's book on the disastrous effects of tropi had amassed. Nothing is said of “The Gold-Bug," cal light on white skins. Now we have the full however, or of “The Devil and Tom Walker," or account of those Pacific Ocean wanderings, in a of any other literary employment of the Kidd leg- handsome and well-illustrated volume entitled end; it is held, indeed, that there was no buried “The Cruise of the Snark” (Macmillan). The treasure. Macaulay's account of Kidd's life and author takes occasion in his “ Backword” to correct adventures is described as an “indefensible and some popular misapprehensions. He says: “The inexcusable travesty" of the facts. voyage was our idea of a good time. I built the Snark, and paid for it, and for all expenses. I Mr. Herman E. Kittredge's “Bio- A survey of contracted to write thirty-five thousand words de Col. Ingersoll's graphical Appreciation " of Robert scriptive of the trip for a magazine which was to life and work. Ingersoll appears with the imprint pay me the same rate I received for stories written of “ The Dresden Publishing Co.,” so named, ap- at home. Promptly the magazine advertised that parently, in commemoration of Ingersoll's birth- it was sending me especially around the world for place, Dresden, Yates County, New York. Mr. itself. It was a wealthy magazine. And every Kittredge's book is a substantial volume of nearly man who had business dealings with the Snark six hundred pages, devoted chiefly to a chronological charged three prices, because, forsooth, the maga examination of Ingersoll's speeches and writings, zine could afford it. Down in the uttermost South with abundant comment and frequent quotation. Sea isle this myth obtained, and I paid accordingly. The preparation of the book has evidently been a To this day everybody believes that the magazine congenial task, and one cannot turn its pages paid for everything and that I made a fortune out without catching at least a little of the eulogist's of the voyage.” It was not treasure of that sort enthusiastic admiration for Ingersoll's many fine that the daring navigator was in quest of; he un- | qualities. For those who lack the time or the in a 50-foot boat. 1911.) 55 THE DIAL inclination to acquaint themselves with Ingersoll's there is a further division of a chronological nature. works, as published in twelve volumes by the The list is not confined to books shelved separately, but Dresden Publishing Co., this comprehensive survey a great many monographs printed in serials have been of those works will serve as a trustworthy epitome included. The compiler declares his work to be the of their contents. “first attempt at a record of the literature of the his- The free-thinking orator was so tory of science as a whole, which is restricted to works gifted and so effective as a speaker that it would of historical character." The list contains, we should be surprising to find him equally excellent in the say, about nineteen hundred titles, and with a twenty- printed page. His florid style, reinforced by the five-page alphabetical index it fills nearly three hundred magnetism of his fine presence, used to delight even pages. his less sympathetic listeners; but in cold print “The Great English Novelists,” in two volumes, is this exuberant manner rather tends to weariness. the latest addition to the Messrs. Harpers' « Reader's Therefore it is well to have such a work as Mr. Library." Messrs. W. J. and C. W. Dawson are the Kittredge's to convey the substance of Ingersoll's editors of these volumes, each of which has an intro- thought and argument without excessive amplifica- ductory essay - one on « The Growth and Technique of the English Novel,” the other on “ The Masters of tion and repetition. the Modern Novel.” Since fiction can be illustrated One of the unique hymn-books of only by means of selected passages in such a work as A unique the country has been for thirty years this, the editors have grouped their chosen chapters or hymn-book. the “Unity Hymns and Chorals," episodes under six heads: Love scenes, historic person- ages, epics of conflict, humor, high-water mark, and prepared by three Unitarian ministers — J. V. children in fiction. A dozen or more selections are Blake, F. L. Hosmer, and W. C. Gannett. Its given in each of these sections, and the total result is features were the cutting through of the leaves just a reading-book of great interest and variety of content. below the music score, so that any hymn could by A few years ago, Mr. C. R. L. Fletcher wrote an turning the lower part of the leaf be brought below « Introductory History of England” in four volumes, any tune; and the extensive use made of the best in which the story of England is told from the earliest ethical American poetry, especially the poems of times to 1815. Mr. Fletcher's history is of a very Whittier, Samuel Longfellow, Chadwick, and unusual type, one that attempts to conceal neither Hosmer. After three years of careful culling and predilections nor prejudices; and the author has been advising, a new edition of the useful book has been much criticized by reviewers for his partisan spirit, his prepared by the last-named two of the original flippant and slangy English, and his unconventional style. However, the imperialistic tone that Mr. editors. The paper is better, the print is better, Fletcher has given to his narrative, and his audacity in the binding is better; the number of hymns and the passing judgment, evidently have pleased the reading number of tunes has been considerably increased, public, as a new edition has been brought out in which while a few less appealing ones have been dropped. the chief change seems to be that the four volumes Bound up with the hymns are a number of excel. | have been bound in two. E. P. Dutton & Co. are the lent brief services and prayers. The many con- publishers. gregations that have used this book will be glad of The new edition of Augustus J. C. Hare's “ Cities the chance to get the new edition under the fami- l of Southern Italy” (Dutton), edited and brought down liar title. (Unity Publishing Company, Chicago.) | to date by St. Clair Baddeley, is a model of what such a book should be. The Introduction, by the editor, serves to put the traveller into the proper attitude of mind for enjoying this picturesque region. BRIEFER MENTION. Glancing over the text, we find that the larger and The Theodore Parker centenary, which was some- heavier type in which the names of the most important places are printed serves to aid the eye in its search; what elaborately celebrated in Chicago last November, whatever is most significant in the life and history will provided for a stenographic report of its various meet- usually be found condensed there. The maps and ings. This report is now printed by the Unity Pub- plans are uncommonly clear, accurate, and with new lishing Co., giving us the speeches made at the several names and discoveries well filled in. The form and gatherings, together with a selection of press notices size of the volume are those established by Baedeker and other matters of a collateral character. We are and approved by travellers from the beginning. glad that so worthy an undertaking should have been thus commemorated in an enduring way. The John Crerar Library has published “A List of Books on the History of Science," compiled by Mr. NOTES. Aksel G. S. Josephson, head cataloguer of that library, and having reference to the material in the library. Mr. H. V. Sutherland, author of “Idylls of Greece," This is the tenth of the bibliographical publications has in preparation a new work, “ The Legend of Love," issued by the institution whose name on the title-page a fantastic tale, to appear this Fall. is a guarantee of careful and scholarly work. The “How to Capture Sleep" is the suggestive title of a present list was began nine years ago, but its completion book by Dr. Joseph Collins, which the Sturgis & has been twice postponed for the sake of greater inclu Walton Co. promise for Fall publication. siveness and to await the aquisition of important works Admiral Mahan has completed a new work entitled in the department concerned. Mr. Josephson's arrange- “ Naval Strategetics,” which will be published simul- ment of titles is topical, and under the several heads taneously in Boston and London in the Autumn. 56 [July 16, THE DIAL We are hearing not a little of late years about the Exchange," by Mr. Francis W. Hirst; «The Irish work of Herr Arthur Schnitzler, the brilliant Viennese Nationality," by Mrs. John Richard Green; “ Modern dramatist; and many readers will welcome Mr. Gran Geography,” by Mr. Marion J. Newbigin; “ Polar ville Barker's paraphrase of the “ Anatol” dialogues Exploration,” by Mr. William S. Bruce; « The Evolu- now published by Mr. Mitchell Kennerley. tion of Plants," by Mr. Dukinfield Henry Scott; and “ Virginia of the Rhodesians,” a new novel by “ The Socialist Movement," by Mr. J. Ramsay Cynthia Stockley, author of « Poppy," will be published Macdonald. in August by Messrs. Dana Estes & Co. This firm Following hard on the heels of the recently-published also announces for early Autumn issue « The House of and by us recently-noticed list of Catholic books in the Silence" by Evelyn Everett-Green, and “Madam Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, there comes a similar Mystery: A Romance of Touraine" by May Crommelin. list of Catholic books in the St. Louis Public Library, Mr. Bolton Hall has prepared and Mr. B. W. published by Marquette Council No. 606, Knights of Huebsch will soon publish a volume entitled “What Columbus, St. Louis, Mo. Though not an annotated Tolstoy Taught.” The volume will contain the essence list like the Pittsburgh publication, its seventy-two of the Russian reformer's life-work, practically in his double-column pages probably contain more titles, and own words. The subjects will be classified and among them are many works in foreign languages — a indexed, and the book will afford an opportunity to department not included, except works in Latin, in the acquire an outline of Tolstoy's teachings without read- Carnegie Library list. The object of the compilers is ing his many volumes. to promote the circulation of the books enumerated. An interesting sign of the literary development of Japan is given in the announcement, by the “ Japan Mail” of Yokohama, that the Bungei lin Kwai – LIST OF NEW BOOKS. which is a kind of Academy of Literature and Art - has selected for translation into Japanese the “ Divine [The following list, containing 74 titles, includes books Comedy" of Dante, Goetbe's “Faust,” Cervantes' received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] “ Don Quixote,” and the Sanskrit Râmâyana. The BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. work of translation will be entrusted to specialists, and John Ruskin: A Study in Personality. By Arthur Chris- it is expected that it will take two or three years to topher Benson. 12mo, 323 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. complete it. $1.50 net. It has required three collaborators — Messrs. Joseph Tom L. Johnson, Mayor of Cleveland. By Carl Lorenz. With portrait, 12mo, 203 pages. A. S. Barnes Co. $1. net. V. Denney, Carson S. Duncan, and Frank C. McKinney The Life of Giorgio Vasari: A Study of the Later Renais- -to produce the text-book of “ Argumentation and sance in Italy. By Robert W. Carden, A.R.I.B.A. Illus- Debate” just published by the American Book Co. trated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 367 pages. Henry Holt & Co. The book consists of a theoretical section, followed by | Biographical Sketch of Hon. Charles Fenton Mercer, a selection of texts which reproduce the opposing argu 1788-1868. By James Mercer Garnett. Illustrated, 12mo, ments upon six subjects of great importance taken 95 pages. Privately printed. Paper. from American history. Each of these six cases is DRAMA AND VERSE. provided with a set of searching questions for study Parting Friends. By W. D. Howells. Illustrated, 32mo, and analysis. 57 pages. Harper & Brothers. 50 cts. A new series of «English Readings for Schools," Anatol: A Sequence of Dialogues by Arthur Schnitzler; para- phrased for the English stage by Granville Barker. 12mo. under the general editorship of Professor Wilbur L. 125 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. Cross, has been undertaken by Messrs. Henry Holt & Shadow Shapes. By Maude Annesley. 12mo, 812 pages. Co., and seven volumes of the series, well-printed and John Lane Co. $1.30 net. neatly bound in brown covers, are now at hand. This Lyrics and Sonnets. By Louis How. With frontispiece, 12mo. Sherman, French & Co. $1. first instalment includes a selection from Browning's The Little City. By Wilfred Rowland Childe. 12mo, 68 poems, edited by Professor Charles W. Hodell; Scott's pages. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. “Lady of the Lake," edited by Mr. Alfred M. Hitchcock; Aeonian Echoes and Other Poems. By Martha A. Kidder. Stevenson's “Treasure Island," edited by Mr. Stuart With frontispiece, 12mo, 219 pages. Sherman, French & P. Sherman; a volume devoted to Wordsworth, Co. $1.25 net. Verse, Prose, and Epitaphs from the Commonplace Book of Coleridge, Shelley, and Keats, edited by Professor Lewin Hill, C. B., 1848-1901. 12mo, 167 pages. London: James Weber Linn ; and three others. Brown, Langham & Co. A new enterprise undertaken by Messrs. Henry The Blossomy Bough. By Shaemas O'Sheel. 12mo. 109 Holt & Co. is the publication of a “Home University pages. Privately published. Library” of small volumes, at a moderate uniform FICTION. price, each volume the work of a specialist, and having The Story of Quamin. By May Harvey Drummond. 12mo, a concrete subject of its own. The general editors of 313 pages. G. P. Putnam's Song. The Congul. By Richard Harding Davis. With frontispiece, the series are Messrs. Gilbert Murray, Herbert Fisher, 16mo, 62 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. 60 cts. net. J. Arthur Thomson, and William T. Brewster. The The Horroboog. By Morrison I. Swift. 8vo, 241 pages. series “ aims to supply the need of laymen and students Boston: The Liberty Press. $1. for readable new works inspired by knowledge of the The Lady in Mauve. By Albert J. Klinck. 12mo. 134 pages. latest research and critical thought." No less than a Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. The Eyes at the Window. By Olivia Smith Cornelius. 12mo, hundred volumes are already planned, and the first 265 pages. New York: Broadway Publishing Co. $1.50. ten have been issued. They are as follows: “Parlia- | Two Apaches of Paris. By Alice and Claude Askew, 12mo, ment,” by Sir Courtenay P. Ilbert; “William Shake 334 pages. New York: William Rickey & Co. $1.25 net. speare," by Mr. John Masefield; “The French Revolu- TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. tion," by Mr. Hilaire Belloc; “A Short History of Jungle Trails and Jangl ngle Trails and Jungle People. By Caspar Whitney War and Peace,” by Mr. G. H. Perris; “ The Stock Illustrated, 8vo, 310 pages. 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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current organization known as the Chicago Theatre number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub Society until such time as its plan and pro- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com gramme should have been definitely decided munications should be addressed to upon, and its work more fully under way than THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. it is at the date of the present writing. But Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. the controversy that has arisen in its directory and among its well-wishers outside the organi- No. 603. AUGUST 1, 1911. Vol. LI. zation affects the movement so vitally, and the outcome thereof means so much to all those who CONTENTS. take the drama seriously, that it seems best to outline the subject without any further delay, THE CHICAGO THEATRE SOCIETY . . . . 63 and to exert whatever influence we may have in THE INCONSISTENCIES OF NOVELISTS. Percy behalf of those worthy aims which alone give to F. Bicknell . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 such an enterprise its excuse for being. To begin with, credit for the enterprise CASUAL COMMENT ........... 67 belongs primarily to that sterling actor and German book-publishing and book-selling methods. -"Hamlet” at the Imperial Theatre in Tokio.- determined idealist, Mr. Donald Robertson. A survey of eccentric literature. - Involuntary We have frequently had occasion to speak of autoplagiarism. - A prophetic eighteenth-century Mr. Robertson's efforts for the uplifting of the visitor to America. The college and the stage.--- dramatic art, and to praise his persistence in The first year of Kentucky's library commission.- the right course in the face of manifold kinds Tolstoi's posthumous writings. — Novel methods of journalistic controversy.- A grave problem of discouragement. Despite difficulties which for educators. – A hot summer's“ best-seller." would have utterly disheartened nine men out of ten, this indomitable Scotchman has for years TWO YEARS IN THE ANTARCTIC . .... 70 persevered in his effort to familiarize the public MEMOIRS OF AN EMINENT PHYSICIAN. with the masterpieces of dramatic literature, Laurence M. Larson . .... .... 72 wherever found, and has achieved no mean THE CONCLUSION OF A GREAT WORK. measure of success, if the term success be taken Ephraim D. Adams in anything but its vulgar commercial sense. . . . . . . . . . He has produced plays by Calderon, Molière, THE CASE OF MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT. Goldoni, Voltaire, Goethe, and other writers of John Bascom . . . . . . . . . . 76 unassailable fame; and plays by such moderns, REFORMERS OF THE FRONTIER. Lawrence well on their way to become classics, as Gogol, J. Burpee . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Echegaray, Ibsen, Björnson, Hauptmann, Sudermann, and Maeterlinck. He has found BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ......... 79 appreciative audiences for these productions in Some early and some unfinished writings of R. L. S.- Tonics for the sedentary mind. — Irish Chicago and throughout the Middle West, and club-talks wittily reported.- A wise and witty he has gratified his audiences at the cost of French woman's views of England. - A handbook much personal sacrifice. Such unselfish devotion of great glaciers of the world. - Outlooks upon to a high artistic aim as he has evidenced is a modern Brazil. - A non-existent principality.- pleasant thing to discover in an age when the The United States from Washington to Jefferson. - Talks about some great composers. gainful motive may usually be found to underlie the activities of men working in the name of art, BRIEFER MENTION ........... 82 and is deserving of all honor. NOTES ................ 83 During the last few weeks, Mr. Robertson has been engaged in planning a new appeal, TOPICS IN AUGUST PERIODICALS. .... one more effective than has hitherto seemed LIST OF NEW BOOKS ......... 84 | possible, to that section of the public which 64 (August 1, THE DIAL vitness perforgering for that of the stage, has at heart the rehabilitation of the stage, and negative instruction make it quite certain that which is hungering for the opportunity to the artistic direction of a theatre cannot be witness performances of significant dramatic entrusted to a committee. Paralysis of effort works instead of becoming acquainted with and confusion of aim are certain to follow upon them solely through the medium of the printed any attempt to carry out the ideas of a dozen page. He has gone about his task in a highly persons at the same time. The prime necessity practical manner, and the following is a brief is to find some one person who knows what is statement of what has been accomplished : desirable on the artistic side, and who has the First, he has obtained subscriptions to a guar- executive ability to match his knowledge. Given anty fund which already amounts to upwards such a director, fully responsible because invested of fifty thousand dollars, and which will with autocratic powers, and the idea upon which probably be increased to a much larger sum; he stakes his reputation will be tested by its second, he has made a contract with a firm of own merits; its effective embodiment will not theatrical managers whereby the latter are to be jeopardized by artificial and adventitious provide one of their best Chicago playhouses restrictions. In the case now under considera- for a ten weeks' season beginning next Janu tion, there can be no question where the power ary, engage a company subject to his approval, and the responsibility should be lodged ; the and pay all the expenses of producing such a man who has set the whole affair in motion, list of plays as he and they shall agree upon, whose clean-cut ideal is “ to produce the great taking for their share of the proceeds a fixed dramas of the world,” and whose enthusiasm for percentage of the receipts, and being protected his ideal has proved contagious enough to gain against loss by the fact that a certain minimum for the enterprise the requisite financial backing, is guaranteed them; third, he has organized the may not properly be hampered by any imposition Chicago Theatre Society, with committees and of conditions that would tend to weaken his a board of directors, to act in an advisory work or obscure the singleness of its aim. capacity and look after matters connected with Most of the advice, gratuitous or official, that the financial management of the enterprise; has been showered upon Mr. Robertson, seeking fourth, he is now engaged in organizing similar to bend him from his artistic purpose, has been societies and securing similar guaranty pledges so tinctured with opportunism that it does not in several other cities, in order that the company deserve to be treated with much patience. It of players may be engaged for a full season of is not the wisdom of the serpent that is here thirty weeks or more. needed, but that wisdom which is the consort of This is all very business-like, and plants the a clear-eyed faith in the power of the worthy whole undertaking firmly upon the solid earth. ideal to prevail over the unworthy in the realm But a rift within the lute has been disclosed of taste. The men and women whose pledges which, although it will probably be mended in have made possible this hopeful new experiment time to prevent the music from becoming mute, do not wish to save a few paltry dollars at the has created a certain amount of dissonance in cost of a lowered aim. If the work which they the tuning-up process. Mr. Robertson's auxil have in view be satisfactorily done, they do not iary Society has manifested a disposition to greatly care whether it pays for itself or not. play the part of the monster created by Frank The suggestion that a particular play is too far enstein, and to advocate policies considerably above the heads of its prospective auditors to at variance with that for which its dramatic be suitable for performance is quite beside the director stands. There appear to be nearly as mark. If it is a great play that ought to be many counsels as there are individuals con- produced, it is their intention to see that it gets cerned, and some of them are so amateurish a chance; and it is their belief that among and ill-advised that it is difficult to understand Chicago's two millions of people there are a few how they can be seriously urged. Chicago's thousands who care enough for the higher things New Theatre experiment of three years ago, in dramatic art to support the production of a and the more recent New York venture of the few great plays every year. If the event shall same sort, indicate with fair distinctness what prove that there are not enough of these, the pitfalls await the unwary in such an enterprise, experiment will at least have given keen grati- and at least show certain things that are not to fication to a considerable number of people, and be done, if they do not otherwise very clearly will have done its part in creating the more point the way to success. refined public taste that we trust will prevail in These profitable examples in the way of the coming time. 1911.] 65 THE DIAL The purpose of the Chicago Theatre Society we look forward to a restoration of the art of is not, as we understand it, or as it is viewed the stage as a vital influence upon our American by its dramatic director and its guarantors, to life, and we welcome the effort of the Chicago make money at the expense of art, either by Theatre Society, and all other effort of like avoiding plays that are too bright and good | character, to further our progress toward that for human nature's daily food, or by selecting | desirable consummation. plays with regard to the box-office test. It is not to exploit the esoteric drama, or the drama of the cult. It is not to revive plays that have THE INCONSISTENCIES OF been fairly tested and proved to be failures by NOVELISTS. virtue of their inherent dramatic defects. It is The world of romance which the novelist invites not to give “pet plays” a hearing for no better his reader to enter becomes a very real and desir- reason than that individual guarantors would able world, for the time being, through the harmo- like to see them produced. It is not to present nious cooperation of both parties to the innocent novelties because they seem to chime with the deception, each of whom has a right to expect that capricious taste of the moment. It is not, the other will play the game according to the rules most emphatically not, to stage American plays and not be guilty of any unfairness, trickery, because they are the work of American writers. betrayal of confidence, or lapse of attention to the serious business in hand. Consequently, when a There could be nothing more foreign to the writer so far forgets himself as to deny on one purpose of the organization than thus to force page what he has asserted on a preceding, or to the American note irrespective of those broad make a character do in one chapter what has been standards of excellence that alone should deter- made a virtual impossibility for him in an earlier mine selection. What the American public one, the reader has a right to feel aggrieved. For most needs upon its stage is such a series of instance, if the novelist has laid the scene of his object-lessons in dramatic form as are at present story in Uruguay, and his readers have taken the to be found among the masterpieces of other trouble to orientate themselves in that distant peoples. more advanced in this field than we | region of the southern hemisphere, it would be an are likely to become for many years. Mr. unpardonable inadvertence to introduce a Christmas Robertson proposes for his first season a list of sleighing party or a May-pole dance. Or if one of the characters in a novel is represented as a war plays by such writers as Shakespeare, Congreve, veteran with a wooden leg, it would impair the Pinero, Synge, Molière, Goldoni, Ibsen, Björn- verisimilitude to have him suddenly attacked with son, Sudermann, Hervieu, Giacosa, and Galdos, the gout in both feet. with perhaps one or two of the best American Nevertheless, inconsistencies as bad as the fore- plays that can be unearthed. This is the right going are unblushingly committed by talented and sort of a programme, because it aims only at experienced authors who ought to know better. the best, and makes the work of the Society a | Thackeray's disconcerting tendency to forget the distinctive thing, standing far apart from rivalry | very names of his characters, and to write Charles, with the ordinary commercial enterprise. perhaps, in place of Henry, or Arabella in place of Mr. John Jay Chapman has, in a recently Constance, has already been sufficiently commented published essay, some remarks that are very on, and in the later editions of his works errors resulting from such carelessness have doubtless much to the point. He says: been corrected. These slips of the pen, however, “Those whole classes of exquisite, beautiful things are readily pardonable, as are similar slips of which go out of fashion and are thereafter all but irre- coverable, should be held before the public with as firm the tongue in daily life. Less excusable, on the a hand as orchestral music has been held before it, and other hand, in anyone but Thackeray, with whose for the same reasons. We are always being told by sportive ways we have become familiar, and to theatrical people that the public taste will or will not whose eccentricities we have perforce become recon- support something. Does anybody inquire whether ciled, would be those frequent jocular asides and the American public likes Bach or Beethoven, or does sly winks with which he intimates to the reader that anybody take advice of the press as to how the works the whole thing is, after all, only make-believe and of those masters shall be played ? No. The best need not be taken in the least seriously if one would traditions are followed, the best performers obtained, rather not. Such tactics, if pursued by almost any and the effect upon the public mind is awaited with other novelist, would produce speedy disillusionment patience and with certainty.” and weariness, and are not always thoroughly en- So with patience, which will doubtless be joyed even in the incomparable author of “Vanity needed, but also with the certainty of the poet Fair.” There is enough of the child, earnest and who sang, honest, in most novel-readers, to resent being trifled “We needs must love the highest when we see it," l with in this fashion. 66 [August 1, THE DIAL Another instance of carelessness, strangely | mand. His home is in Baltimore, as the author unaccountable in so logical a thinker and careful a makes sufficiently plain without saying so expressly, writer as George Eliot, is familiar to readers of and his mother's heart is aching for his return, her “Mill on the Floss.” How could an author | while the filially affectionate Oliver himself is fond of science, a reader of Herbert Spencer, and equally desirous of revisiting his parents. Never- rather excessively given to the tracing of effects to theless he is counselled by the loving mother not to their adequate causes, commit the absurdity that spend his money in making the journey, but to disfigures the tragical end of the above-named pass his vacation somewhere in the country; and story? Tom and Maggie, it will be remembered, so he goes to the mountains, in New Hampshire, are adrift in an open boat on a raging flood, when apparently, or at any rate somewhere in New the huge fragments of some heavy machinery come England, or possibly in northern New York, and floating (!) down upon them. Tom, although a pays his board at a farmhouse for four months, when stout youth and plying a pair of oars to hasten the he might far more economically have gone to Balti- boat's progress, which even if unassisted should at more and enjoyed the hospitality of his own home. least equal that of the heavy machinery, deliberately This far-fetched excuse the author seems to have abandons the struggle, rises to his feet (the most used in order to bring his hero and heroine un- foolish thing possible to do in a small boat), clasps expectedly together amid rural surroundings; but Maggie in his arms with melodramatic accompani the same end could have been easily accomplished ments of gesture and utterance, and so they both without violating the elementary principles of perish in a highly useless as well as improbable | domestic economy. manner. Taking up a very recent and at present much- Coming down to more recent writers, we read novel, “The Mistress of Shenstone," by Mrs. encounter abundant examples of what to a logical Florence L. Barclay, one soon lands in an absurdly reader must seem a wanton disregard of consist | | impossible situation. It is where Jim Airth rescues ency. In Marion Crawford's very interesting Lady Ingleby from the rapidly rising tide by hack- sequel to